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AMERICAN

PALAEOZOIC FOSSILS:

A CATALOGUE

GENERA AND SPECIES,

NAMES OF AUTHOBS, DATES, PLACES OF PUBLICATION GROUPS OF ROOKS IK WHICH
FOUND, AND THE ETYMOLOGY AND SIGNIFICATION OF THE WOBDB,

AN INTRODUCTION

DEVOTED TO THE STRATIGBAPHIOAL GEOLOGY OF THE PAL2BOZOIO BOOKS,

BY S. A.. MILLBB.

CINCINNATI, OHIO:

PUBLIBHED BY THE AUTHOR, No. 8 W. THIRD ST.
I877.

Entered according to act of Congress, in the year 1877, by

S. A. MILLER,
In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington.

Cincinnati Times Company Book and Job Rooms.

PREFACE

The Science of Geology rests upon the fossil contents of the rocks,
and, therefore, there can be but little knowledge 'of the science without
a knowledge of the fossils. Every one professes to take an interest in
Geology, although the complaint against the technical names is quite
general. This work may be regarded as a compilation of these technical
names in alphabetical order, with the signification of each, and in this
respect, it is a dictionary adapted to the use of every one, and designed
to remove the objections against the hard words used in the science. The
references to authors and publications are for the special benefit of the
describers of fossils and the students of palaeontology, while the Groups of
rocks are given for the convenience of collectors and students generally.
The general plan of the work will be, at once, apparent to the reader;
a few remarks, however, in regard thereto, may not be inappropriate.

The state of the science, at this time, does not admit of a very great
degree of certainty in the arrangement of Palaeozoic Fossils into fami-
lies; such arrangement must, therefore, be regarded as more or less pro-
visional. And, in this work, where a class could not be arranged into
families already limited and defined, with approximate correctness, the
attempt has been omitted. No new families have been proposed, with
the exception of three names, followed by the provisional interrogation
point in the Class Echinodermata. The new family names in the Class
Lamellibranchiata are used by Prof. James Hall in the fifth volume of the
Palaeontology of New York.

Each generic name is followed by the name of the author, the date
of the first publication, the title of the book in which it first appeared,
which is generally abbreviated, and the etymology of the word, which is
included within brackets. Valid names are printed in Roman letters.
Generic names, preoccupied, never defined, and where the fossils are
unknown in American palaeozoic rocks, or the names invalid for any
other reason, are italicized. The generic name always begins with a
capital letter, whether it is a valid or invalid name.

Each specific name, or as it was formerly, called the trivial name, is
followed with the name of the author, the date of the first publication,
the title of the book in which it appeared, which is generally abbreviated,
the Group of rocks in which the fossil is found when the Group is known ;
but otherwise the formation alone is given, and the signification of the

iv

PREFACE.

name included within brackets. The name of the Group of rocks is
generally abbreviated. Where the author, in the first instance, referred
his species to the wrong genus, such generic and specific name is
included within parenthesis immediately following the date of the publi-
cation. For instance, DeWiyris is a synonym for Spinfera, and many
species have been erroneously referred to it; such are written in this

manner: ■;

Spirifera arenosa, Conrad, 1838, (Delthyns arenosa), Ann. Rep. N.

Y., Oriskany sandstone. [Sig. sandy.]
Specific names never begin with capital letters.

The author has endeavored to quote from the original publications,
and for kindness and assistance in obtaining access to them, he expresses
his obligations to Prof. James Hall, of Albany, New York; Mr. 0. D.
Walcott, of Trenton Falls, New York ; Prof. Leo. Lesquereux, of Columbus,
Ohio, and to Mr. Thomas Vickers, the able and eflicient librarian of the
public library in the city of Cincinnati. A few of the works cited, how-
ever, were not within reach, and the references to these are therefore
second hand. In the attempt to make the catalogue of names complete,
within the scope of the work, the author visited several libraries and
otherwise used reasonable efforts for that purpose, but he has no doubt
that a few names have been omitted. The number of names in the book
is as follows:

Generic names in Roman letters, - 1,000

Generic names in Italic letters, 200

Specific names in Roman letters, - 8,000

Specific names in Italic letters, 2,000

Total number of genera and species, including

synonyms, etc., 11,200

Some of the authors of generic and specific names have not been
familiar with the Latin and Greek languages, others have been careless
in the exercise of their knowledge when forming the new words, and
many names have been misprinted for want of careful proof-reading.
For these and probably other reasons, the specific names under a single
genus have been found with masculine, feminine, and neuter termina-
tions; no uniformity has existed in the terminations added to proper
names, and words have been otherwise incorrectly formed. So univer-
sally have these errors prevailed, that the author found in some Classes,
twenty-five per cent, of the names defective. In a conversation with
Prof. E. W. Claypole, of Antioch College, Yellow Springs, Ohio, (a gentle-
man thoroughly learned in the Latin and Greek languages) shortly before
commencing the publication, with regard to the etymology of words, and
the importance of following the laws of language in making the genders
of the adjective specific names correspond with those of the generic
terms, he very kindly proffered his assistance, for the purpose of making
all proper corrections in this regard. Publication was commenced in
February, and the proofs were sent to Prof. Claypole as rapidly as the

PREFACE.

matter was put in type for his inspection and correction, but the matter
was published so rapidly that it frequently went to press before the
return by mail, of his proof. The greater part of the work, therefore, did
not have the benefit of his revision.

As an illustration, the genus Macrocheilua has been considered
masculine by all the authors, and consequently the specific names have
been made masculine. As Prof. Claypole did not read the proof, the
specific names are published here in the masculine, as the authors made
them; but on his authority the species under the genera Temnocheilus,
Solenocheilus, etc., have been changed from the masculine to the neuter
gender. It may be a question, however, whether usage has not made
such genera masculine. No such doubt can arise in the case of the words
ending in nema as, Cyclonema, Zoxonemay Dictyonema, etc., which have
been treated almost or quite uniformly by the authors as feminine ; for
nema is neuter, in both the Latin and the Greek languages, and there is
no reason whatever, for using it as feminine. Where specific names have
been formed in more genders than one under a single genus, there seems
to be no responsibility in correcting the errors and making the specific
names correspond in gender with the genus, and this has been done in
several hundred instances in this work. Perfection, however, has not
been reached in this publication, and for the purpose of rendering
greater assistance in that regard, the "Index of Genera" has been made
to indicate the gender of each genus, so that any one with a little
knowledge of Latin can make the species conform in gender with the
genus. The reader will know that generic names are usually coined
from Greek words, and specific names from Latin words or proper names
with Latin terminations.

In Latinizing specific proper names, no uniformity has ever existed,
nor can the author claim to have accomplished it in this work. Some
authors have used the terminations ianus, iana and ianum, while others
have used anus, ana and anum. The first impression was that the
former endings were proper, and consequently they were used in part
of this work; but the best authors use only the latter, and upon
reflection we were of the opinion that the latter endings are the
proper ones, and they were thereafter used in this work exclusively.
The reader is directed, therefore, to correct the proper names ending in
ianus, iana and ianum, which occur, in some instances, from the Polypi
to the Brachiopoda, by striking out the letter i and thus perfect this class
of words.

Again, no uniformity exists in specific proper names put in the geni-
tive case by adding the Latin ending i, where the proper names end in
6, y, etc. There seems to be no difficulty where the proper name ends in
a consonant, in accomplishing the desired purpose by adding a single i,
and generally where words of more than one syllable end in e, the same
purpose may be accomplished by changing the e to i\ but there are
words where positive difficulty exists, for instance ; Case, Casey, White,
Whity, Moor, Moore, Hoy, etc. Some would change the e into i in Moore

PREFACE.

and add i to Moor, so that in each case we would have the same specific
name moori, and so with White and Whity ; but there are very strong
reasons against such action. In this work, the words of one syllable
ending in e have sometimes been written with an i added, and at other
times made to end in ii, according to the rules of the British Associa-
tion, as casei and casii. But the author is of the opinion that the single
letter i in these words is to be preferred; thus casei, caseyi, whitei,
whityi, moori, moorei, hoyi, etc., for the following reason. The use of
such words is justified because the men have been in some way useful
to the science, and the preservation of their names is part of the history
of its growth, and can be defended with stronger reason than the use
of mythological names, even within the limits warranted by the rules of
the British Association, where a fanciful resemblance is made a test. A
man may devote ten, twenty, or thirty years of his life to the collection
of fossils, or he may devote as many years to the study and description
of them. In either case his services may constitute the entire history
of the fossils of a given locality, and in what way can the science be
better subserved than by perpetuating his name among the fossils he
discovered or defined ? If the reason for the use of his name is a good
one, it is equally strong to use it so that it will not be misunderstood, and
can not be made to represent an individual of a different name. The fact
that the name does not readily assume a Latin form is of slight weight,
in the opinion of the author, compared with the preservation of the
history of the science in perpetuating the names of those who have
devoted themselves to discover and systematize it.

At the request of the author, Prof. Claypole has written an essay
upon the rules of nomenclature, for this work, to which the reader is
referred for further light in the construction of words.

CONSTRUCTION OF SYSTEMATIC NAMES IN PALEONTOLOGY.

By PROF. E. W. CLAYPOLE, B. A., B. Sc, (London), Antioeh College, Yellow Springs, Ohio.

The Latin language is universally adopted in the scientific world for
naming species, fossil and recent, in both the Animal and Vegetable
Kingdoms. Linnaeus introduced the plan of limiting the name of a species
to two words, the former of which was generic and the latter specific, and
of making these terms in their formation comply with the rules of the
Latin tongue. Since his time, this plan has become the rule. At first,
terms were chosen expressing the character or characters which define
the genus or species, and such names constitute the perfection of
scientific nomenclature. But even Linnaeus soon found it impossible to
maintain this standard, and himself resorted to Homer's Iliad to find
names with which to christen the butterflies that thronged in upon him.
Hence we have Troilus, Danaus, Philenor, <fec. Such names are mere arbi-
trary, meaningless counters attached to the objects and only tenable by
an act of memory. They recall no character and are recalled by none.
Hence they are inferior to the former class of names. But if in Linnaeus'
day their necessity was evident, much more so is it to-day, when almost
every language and lexicon have been ransacked to find unpreoccupied
names for the hosts of natural objects for which they are required. In some
large genera, such for instance as Orthoceras, Orthis and Rhynchonella,
it has become exceedingly difficult to coin descriptive names which have
not been already thrown into circulation by some other author. This
will be evident to any reader in the number of specific names in the
catalogue marked "preoccupied," and one object is to provide a remedy
for the difficulty by enabling any one to see at a glance whether or not
any proposed name has been previously published by any American,
and to some extent, by any European author.

The conventional Latin of the Sciences differs somewhat from the
classical Latin of the schools. As a dead language, Latin is free from the
changes to which all living languages are subject, and as the most widely
studied of the dead languages, it forms an excellent means of communi-
cation between men of science in different countries. Words and com-
binations of letters have, however, been introduced alien to the genius
of the language, and some of them most barbarous and unmusical.

* NOTE.— This paper has been prepared at the request of Mr. S. A. Miller, the author of the
American Palaeozoic Fossils, and with the view of giving some assistance to palseontological
students and workers, in avoiding errors and improving the nomenclature of science. E. W. C.

viii CONSTRUCTION OF SYSTEMATIC NAMES IN PALAEONTOLOGY.

Indeed their introduction cannot well be opposed, as they often offer
useful characters. But the laws of Latin should nevertheless control
their formation. They should be made, as nearly as possible, what the
Roman would have made them had they been introduced from outside
into the language while yet living. In this way no violence is done to it,
and in all countries words will be formed in a similar manner.

In the year 1862, a committee of the British Association for the
Advancement of Science, published a set of rules and recommendations
on the subject of Scientific nomenclature, the former of which may be
said to be a summary of the practice of the best scientific writers in all
lands, and therefore binding, and the latter have been, with a few ex-
ceptions, almost universally adopted. Thus, alluding to the point
above mentioned, the committee in its " Recommendations " says :

b. Barbarous names. — Some authors protest strongly against the introduction of exotic
words into our Latin nomenclature; others defend the practice with equal warmth. We
may remark, first, that the practice is not contrary to classical usage, for the Greeks
and Romans did occasionally, though with reluctance, introduce barbarous words in a
modified form into their respective languages. Secondly, the preservation of the trivial
names which animals bear in their native countries is often of great use to the traveler, in
aiding him to discover and identify species. We do not, therefore, consider, if such
words have a Latin termination given to them, that the occasional and judicious use of
them as scientific terms can be justly objected to.

In addition to drawing up a mere list of the North American Palaeo-
zoic Fossils, an attempt has been made to give some help to the many
workers in the palaeontological field towards rightly naming their
fossils at the outset. A mistake once in print is very difficult to
eradicate. It reappears, it crops out in some unexpected place and with
every reappearance has a new lease of life. Few who have not made
some study of the subject have any conception of the confusion now
existing in the nomenclature of science. The errors are of two kinds —
scientific and grammatical. To such a length has synonymy or the giving
of different names to the same species now arrived, that it not unfre-
quently happens that the common English name is more definite and
vivid, and therefore more useful than the Scientific. Read, for instance,
the twelve different names which have been given to the common Chain
Coral, from Fougt, in 1765, to Bronn, in 1835. This, in many cases, arises
from mistaken identification, which with all care must sometimes hap-
pen, but it arises in a still greater degree from the impossibility of learn-
ing what species have been found and what names have been given,
when they were given and by whom.

Another source of confusion is the erroneous nomenclature often
adopted. All whose duty calls them to the study of palaeontology are
not, and cannot be, classical scholars, and consequently not a few names
are formed in violation of the recognised rules of language. Some errors
of this kind have been corrected and a few rules are appended to aid
in preventing others.

o. Corrupted words.— In the construction of compound Latin words, there are certain
grammatical rules which have been known, and acted on for two thousand years, and

CONSTRUCTION OF SYSTEMATIC NAMES IN PALAEONTOLOGY. ix

which a naturalist is bound to acquaint himself with before he tries his skill in coining
zoological terms. One of the chief of these rules is, that in compounding words, all the
radical or essential parts of the constituent members must be retained, and no change
made except in the variable terminations. But several generic names have been lately
introduced which run counter to this rule, and form most unsightly objects to all who are
conversant with the spirit of the Latin language. A name made up of the first half of
one word, and the last half of another, is as deformed a monster in nomenclature as a
mermaid or a centaur would be in zoology ; yet we find examples in the names Corcorax,
(from Corvus and Pyrrhocorax), Cypsnagra (from Cypselus and Tanagra), Merulaxis (Merula
and Lynallaxis), Loxigilla (from Loxia and Fringilla), etc. In other cases, when the com-
mencement of both the simple words is retained in the compound, a fault is still committed
by cutting off too much of the radical and vital portions, as is the case in Bucorvus (from
Buceros and Corvus), Ninox (Nisus and Noctua), etc.

I. Adjective generic names. — The names of genera are, in all cases, essentially substan-
tive, and hence adjective terms can not be employed for them without doing violence to
grammar. The generic names of Hians, Criniger, Cursorius, Nitidula, etc., are examples of
this incorrect usage. — Recommendations.

If a writer is unable to coin such a generic term •without falling into
these of other errors, it would be wise to abandon the attempt and form
one in another manner.

RULES FOR THE FORMATION OF NEW NAMES IN FAL2E0NT0L0GY.

a. Gender of generic terms. — A generic name should always be of
that gender which the laws of the language from which it is taken
demand. Definite rules cannot well be laid down, because the practice
of various languages differs on this point. In general, where no change
is made in the termination of the word which forms the end of a new
name, the gender of that word will determine that of the name. Thus,
the words, stoma, a mouth, and ceras, a horn, are both, in Greek, of the
neuter gender ; and, consequently, all the many compounds ending with
these words, such as Orthoceras, Platystoma, etc., must be of that gender
also, and have corresponding specific adjective terms. If the first
founder of a genus were to take the pains to ascertain the right gender
of his new name, and make his adjective terms accordingly, many errors
would be avoided, for subsequent authors, apparently without a thought,
in establishing a new species, coin a specific name of the same gender as
that originally published, and thus perpetuate and increase error. For
example, the word desma, a bond, like almost all Greek words ending in
ma, is of the neuter gender; and yet, in a work standing so high as
Woodward's Mollusca, we find Lyro desma plana, followed shortly after-
wards by Cochlodesma praetenue.

b. Gender of specific terms. — Every specific name must agree in
gender with that of the genus to which it belongs; and yet, owing to the
above and several other causes, this rule is incessantly overlooked or
violated, even by writers whose classical attainments are beyond doubt.
In few, if any, large genera do we fail to find two, if not all, the three
genders among the specific names. For instance, in the genus Recepta-
culites we have Receptaculites fungosum, R.globulare, R. formosus, R.

CONSTRUCTION OF SYSTEMATIC NAMES IN PALEONTOLOGY.

reticulata. Such terms, being mere errors, pure and simple, and involv-
ing no disputed or debatable point, may be reduced to accord without
difficulty.

c. Latin and Greek terminations.— The addition of these termina-
tions to old words often requires a previous change in those words the
following rules are offered as some assistance to those whose time does
not allow the consultation of authorities, scientific and linguistic. It is
not always easy for even a classical scholar to determine off-hand how
the Greeks or Romans would have made a word, had it been coined by
them while their languages were still living. Much examination and
collection of examples is necessary before certainty can be reached, and
in a few cases some doubt may then remain. These cases are, however,
very few, especially as the terminations employed in palasontology are
not numerous. The following rules will probably suffice to enable any
one with an elementary knowledge of the classic tongues to form cor-
rectly a new specific term, but nothing can give full immunity from
risk of error where some such knowledge is not possessed.

— alis. This Latin termination, implying resemblance, is seldom
used, except in words already compounded in Greek and Latin, and when
otherwise, it must be annexed to the stem of the word, as rectilateralis,
quadrilateralis.

— anus. This Latin termination implies resemblance or association,
and may be added to proper names, personal or local ; though in science
its use is almost confined to the former. If the word be capable of tak-
ing a classic form, the termination should be simply annexed to the stem
as Linnaeus, linnaeanus; Lesquereux, (lescuria) lescurianus; in con-
formity with classic usage; pagus, paganus; Claudius, claudianus;
Neapolis, neapolitanus. In other cases, the addition of this termination
must follow the same rule as those for ensis* as America, americanus;
Geinitz, geinitzanus ; Meek, meekanus ; Erie, erianus ; Italy, (ia)
italianus.

— atus. This Latin termination strictly implies the possession of the
thing to the name of which it is added. It is, therefore, affixed to the
stem of common names only, as costa, costatus; galea, galeatus; fornix,
fornicatus; sinus, sinuatus; stria, striatus, lobus, lobatus; rostrum,
rostratus. It is worthy of remark here that this termination sometimes
loses its at, to shorten the word. The practice is not commendable from
a linguistic standpoint, but some of the terms so made have become fixed
in the nomenclature, as Orthis biloba.

— formis. This Latin termination implies resemblance of shape, and
should be confined to Latin words, to the stem of which it should be
joined by the connecting vowel i, as laterna, laterniformis ,' pistillum,
pistilli formis. In forming terms, such as the first given above from
Latin words ending in a, the error of using ae as the connecting vowel
should be avoided ; being inconsistent with classic usage, as well as more
awkward and lengthy, thus we have from terra, terricola; gemma, gem-
mifer; squama, squamiger; tuba, tubiformis; etc.

CONSTRUCTION OF SYSTEMATIC NAMES IN PALAEONTOLOGY. xi

— ensis. This is a Latin termination, expressive of locality, and can-
not, therefore, be correctly employed except as an affix to the name of a
place. This rule has been traversed in few real, but in many apparent
instances. Lingula morsensis is an illustration of the former. In accord-
ance with law this has been changed to L. morsi, being given in honor
of Mr. Morse. Zygospira cincinnatiensis, Pupa vermilionensis, Car-
dium napoleonense, Athyris hannibalensis are apparent exceptions; but
these terms are formed from words, which, though originally personal or
trivial, have now become local names, and consequently no valid objection
can be raised against them. In using this termination the following
rules have been generally followed, and are therefore adopted here.
The exceptions are very few, and have been reduced into conformity :
1st. If the name of the place ends in a consonant the termination is
annexed to the word, as Clinton, clintonensis. 2d. If the name ends in
a or e, these letters are dropped and the termination then annexed, as
Canada, canadensis; Nebraska, nebrascensis; Minnesota, minnesotensis;
Iowa, iowensis; Indiana, indianensis ; Lasalle, lasallensis; Erie, eri-
ensis. 3rd. If the name ends in i, o or u, that vowel is retained, as
Mississippi, mississippiensis ; Missouri, missouriensis ; Chicago, chi-
cagoensis; Colorado, color adoensis; Chouteau, chouteauensis. 4th. If
the name ends in y, that letter becomes i upon the addition of the termi-
nation, as Kentucky, Tcentuchiensis ; Alleghany, alleghaniensis ; in accord-
ance with classic usage, as Sicily, siciliensis.

— i. The termination i is to be considered a mere indication of the
Latin genitive case, and custom, rather than correctness, has, in some
sense, legalized its addition to any name. In practice, however, it is
almost restricted to proper names. Thus we have Knighti, Littoni,
Flemingi, Ivesi. The Rule of the British Association on this matter
runs thus: "In Latinizing proper names, the simplest rule seems to be
to use the termination us, genitive i, when the name ends with a conso-
nant, and ius, gen. ii, when it ends with a vowel."

— icus. This Greek termination implies resemblance and may be
added to common names, under the same rules as those given for — ensis,
except that in forming the word, a vowel is suppressed if it would pre-
cede the termination; thus, Macedon, macedonicus ; Italy (ia), italicus.
It is little used, except in words already existing, as ellipticus, and,
therefore, needs no further notice.

— eus. This Latin termination has been occasionally employed, but
as it implies "made of," it is evidently seldom, if ever, admissible in palae-
ontology. The term eboraceus, from eboracum, the Latin name for
York, is a misnomer and should have been eboracensis.

— idae. This Greek patronymic has come into general use as a con-
venient termination to express the resemblance running through a
family.

B. It is recommended that the assemblages of genera, termed families, should be uni-
formly named, by adding the termination idse to the name of the earliest known, or most
typically characterized genus in them ; and that their subdivisions, termed subfamilies,

xii CONSTRUCTION OF SYSTEMATIC NAMES IN PALAEONTOLOGY.

should be similarly constructed, with the termination inx. These words are formed by
changing the last syllable of the genitive case into idx or inn; as strir, Strigis, Strigidx,
Buceros, Bucerotis, Bucerotidx, not Strixklx, Bwstidse. — [Recommendations.

It should be borne in mind that in the termination — idae, the i is
short, but in — inae it is long.

— inus. This Latin termination is of wider application and classic
usage sanctions its application to both common and proper names, though
less commonly to the names of persons. Latin usage, however, restricted
its application more than modern scientific practice has done, and applied
it mainly to proper names, local terms and living beings; as caninus,
alpinus. Hence, such words as rugatinus, sulcatinus, secalinus, taxinus
and velutinus are at best suspicious if not illegitimate. This termination,
however employed, is subject to the laws given under — ensis.

— ites. This termination was early adopted by naturalists to express
the fossil nature of the specimen and so prevent confusion, while at the
same time expressing resemblance to some existing genus or species.
It is a contraction of the Greek word lithos, a stone. In most instances,
however, it coalesces with the last vowel of the root and becomes long
in compensation. This and long usage in many words, such as Ammo-
nites, Belemnites, Pyrites, have completely established the long i, while
the gender is determined by that of the Greek word to be masculine.
All specific terms in the genus must, therefore, be of this gender.

— oides. This Greek termination, signifying " like," should be added
only to the stems of words of Greek origin. No connecting vowel is
necessary, as one already exists in it. Thus we have dactylos, dacty-
loides; discos, discoides. A Latin form is often used, — oideus, which,
however, obeys the same laws ; except that the Greek termination is alike
in all genders, while the Latin is inflected as Latin adjectives of similar
termination.

d. Compound terms.— In forming compound terms as generic or spe-
cific names, care should be taken to connect them rightly. If an adjective
of three terminations or a noun of the second Latin declension composes
the former part of the word, either i or o may be employed as a connect-
ing vowel, the choice being largely determined by the ear. Thus sulco-
marginal is better than sulci- mar ginatus, and crassicaulis than cras-
socaulis. If, however, the adjective has but one or two terminations,
or the noun be of the first, third or fourth Latin declension, the connecting
vowel i should always be employed as tenuistriatus, pinniformis, ilici-
folius, retiformis, cornifer. The connecting vowel o is admissible by
Greek usage in all declensions, as Ulodendron, Cycloconcha, Syringo-
dendron, Alethopteris, Dictyonema, Dictyopteris, except that where the
first part of the word is an adjective ending in—ys, it is shorter and at
the same time consonant with classic usage to employ no connecting
vowel at all; thus, pachydermia, euryteines, oxynotus, Platy stoma, etc.,
are better than pacliyoderma, euryoteines, oxyonotus, Platyostoma, etc.
e. Spelling of new names. —
In writing zoological names, the rules of Latin orthography must be adhered to.

CONSTRUCTION OF SYSTEMATIC NAMES IN PALEONTOLOGY. xiii

In Latinizing Greek words, there are certain rules of orthography known to classical
scholars which must never he departed from. For instance, the names which modern
authors have written Aipuknemia, Zenophasia, poiocephala, must, according to the laws of
etymology, he spelt JEpycnemia, Xenopliasia, and pcecephala. In Latinizing modern words,
the rules of classic usage do not apply, and all that we can do is to give to such terms
as classical an appearance as we can, consistently with the preservation of their
etymology. In the case of European words, whose orthography is fixed, it is best to re-
tain the original form, even though it may include letters and combinations unknown in
Latin. Such words for instance as Woodwardi, Knighti, BullocH, EschscMtzi, would be
quite unintelligible, if they were Latinized into Vudvardi, CnicJiti, Bullocci, Essolzi, etc.
But words of barbarous origin, having no fixed orthography, are more pliable, and hence,
when adopted into the Latin, they should be rendered as classical in appearance as is
consistent with the preservation of their original sound. Thus, the words Tockus,
awsuree, argoondat, kundoo. etc., should, when Latinized, have been written Toccus, arwire,
argunda, cundu, etc. Such words ought, in all practicable cases, to have a Latin termina-
tion given them, especially if they are used generically.

This rule, with its limitations and exceptions has been not seldom
departed from in naming fossils. Many names have gained currency,
which are needlessly unclassical. At the same time, we meet with
marked examples of compliance. Such names as the following stand out
prominently — sancti ludovici, cestriensis, are far more correct and
pleasing than louisi and chesterensis, leseuriae or lescuri than lesquer-
euxi, while Lepidophloios, of Sternberg, should be spelled Lepido-
phlocus, in accordance with Latin rather than Greek custom.

It is almost unnecessary to add that when a new term is derived from
sources purely classical, care should be taken to spell it accurately, and
not to disguise or conceal its origin by any attempts to eliminate a letter
or two. This, however, has been sometimes done, as for instance, in the
name Stenocisma, Conrad, (in which the etymology is masked by the
misspelling) and which will be found written Stenoschisma.

f. Mythological nam.es. — In regard to the numerous mythological
names, especially those given by the late palaeontologist, to the Canadian
Survey, Mr. E. Billings, the following recommendations of the British
Association deserve notice:

d. Mythological or historical twines. — When these have no perceptible reference or allu-
sion to the characters of the object on which they are conferred, they may be properly
regarded as unmeaning and in bad taste. Thus, the generic names Lesbia, Leilus, Remus,
Corydon, Pasiphx,ha,ve been applied to a humming-bird, a butterfly, a beetle, a parrot, and
a crab, respectively, without any perceptible association of ideas. But mythological
names may sometimes be used as generic, with the same propriety as technical ones, in
cases where a direct allusion can be traced between the narrated actions of a personage
and' the observed habits or structure of an animal. Tfms, when the name Progne is
given to a swallow, Clotho to a spider, Hydra to a polyp, Athene to an owl, Nestor to a grey-
headed parrot, etc., a pleasing and beneficial connection is established between classical
literature and physical science. — Recommendations.

Mr. Billings was, probably, led to adopt the practice by the increas-
ing difficulty of finding unpreoccupied names and an unwillingness to
encumber the science with more synonyms.

CONSTRUCTION OF SYSTEMATIC NAMES IN PALJEONTOLGY.

g. Personal names. —

g. Specific names derived from persons —So long as these complimentary designations are
used with moderation, and are restricted to persons of eminence as scientific zoologists,
they may be employed with propriety in cases where expressive or characteristic words
are not to be found. But we fully concur with those who censure the practice of naming
species after persons of no scientific reputation, as curiosity dealers (e. g. Caniveti Boisson-
eauti), Peruvian priestesses (Cora amazilia), or Hottentots (Klassi).

h. Generic names derived from persons.— Words of this class have been very extensively
used in botany, and therefore it would have been well to exclude them wholly from
zoology, for the sake of obtaining a memoria technica by which the name of a genus would
at once tell us to which of the kingdoms of nature it belonged. Some few personal
generic names have, however, crept into zoology, as Cuvieria, Mulleria, Rossia, Lessonia, etc.,
but they are very rare in comparison with those of botany, and it is, perhaps, desirable
not to add to their number.— Recommendations.

Another objection to this kind of name, so many of which have crept
into palseontological nomenclature of late years, is that they yield with
difficulty, in many instances, to the plastic hand of the classical linguist.
• The collector or student who stands godfather to a newly discovered
fossil, and seeks immortality for some friend or acquaintance by making
it his namesake, naturally wishes to keep the name as little changed as
possible, lest his purpose should in part fail. On the other hand the
classical scholar would rather see the name reduced in some degree to
Latin form so that it may offend the eye and ear as little as possible.
Between these two a contest arises, and hence we have various forms for
words which should be alike, as Barrandi, barrandei; Moori, moorei.
Perhaps in this respect it would be wisest to adopt the recommendations
of the British Association Committee, quoted on page xi, with a slight
modification, and add i for a genitive case where the name ends in a
consonant, in a, o or w, and ii when it ends in e, i or ty, omitting in the
latter case the final vowel of the name.

h. Nouns as specific terms. — In those cases, and they are numerous,
where a noun is used as a specific name, no change can be made in its
termination. Hence, however, inconsistent it may appear to some to
see Orthis biloba and Orthis circulus, Productus cora and Productus
costatus, side by side, such combinations are accurate. It may, however,
be added that adjective terms are preferable, whenever possible.

i. Inelegant names. — With the following extract we leave this part
of our subject:

Names of harsh and inelegant pronunciation. — These words are grating to the ear, either
from inelegance of form, as Huhua, Yuhina, Craxirex, Eschscholtzia ; or, from too great
length, as chirostrongylostinus, Opetiorhynchus, brachypodioides, thecodontosaurus, not to mention
the Eualiolimnosaurus crocodUoceplialoides of a German naturalist. It is needless to enlarge
on the advantage of consulting euphony in the construction of our language. As a gen-
eral rule it may be recommended to avoid introducing words of more than five syllables.

We have now pointed out the principal rocks and shoals which lie in the path of the
nomenclator, and it will be seen that the navigation through them is by no means easy.
The task of constructing a language which shall supply the demands of scientific accuracy
on the one hand, and of literary elegance on the other, is not to be inconsiderately
undertaken by unqualified persons. Our nomenclature presents but too many flaws and

CONSTRUCTION OF SYSTEMATIC NAMES IN PAL.EONTOLGY. xv

inelegancies already, and as the stern law of priority forbids their removal, it follows that
they must remain as monuments of the bad taste or bad scholarship of their authors to
the latest ages in which zoology shall be studied.

Etymologies and types of new genera to be stated. — It is obvious that the names of genera
would, in general, be far more carefully constructed, and their definitions would be
rendered more exact, if authors would adopt the following suggestion:

It is recommended that in denning new genera, the etymology of the name should
be always stated, and that one species should be invariably selected as a type or standard
of reference.

The following extract, from the same code, also bears on the point
in question:

Nonsense names. — Some authors having found difficulty in selecting generic names
which have not been used before, have adopted the plan of coining words at random,
without any derivation or meaning whatever. The following are examples: Viralva,
Xema, Azeca, Assiminia, Quedius, Spisula. To the same class we may refer anagrams of
other generic names, Dacleo and Cedola of Alcedo, Zapornia of Dorzana, etc. Such verbal
trifling as this is in very bad taste, and is especially calculated to bring the science into
contempt. It finds no precedent in the Augustan age of Latin, but can be compared
only to the puerile quibblings of the Middle Ages. It is contrary to the genius of all
languages, which appear never to produce new words by spontaneous generation, but
always to derive them from some other source, however distant or obscure. And it is
peculiarly annoying to the etymologist, who, after seeking in vain through the vast store-
house of human language for the parentage of such words, discovers at last that he has
been pursuing an ignis fatuus.

Besides having often to follow such will-o'-the-wisps, any student
who undertakes the task, will soon find it no easy one to ferret out the
origin and meaning of veritable scientific names, often made up without
distinct allusion to any conspicuous character of the fossil in question, and,
occasionally, by men whose acquaintance with the languages is of the
slightest kind. After all, care and pains, not a few malformed words and
barbarous terms too long current to be now withdrawn from circulation,
must ever remain, as corresponding words survive in our common English
tongue ; marking some age of folly or ignorance in by-gone days of the
language. Such terms will serve as memorials, fossil relics, to show to
future times the freaks of linguistic development in the early days of
Palaeontology.

INTRODUCTION.

The most ancient rocks known to man had their immediate origin in sedi-
mentary deposition at the bottom of an ocean. At this point commences Ge-
ology; for previous to this period nothing has been ascertained as to the condition
of the Earth. It commences at the base of the lowest rocks discovered, and
from thence it investigates the overlying strata, the changes that have taken
place, the lapse of time, and the development of animal life, down to the present
moment.

Were it possible to obtain a transverse section of these rocks at their maxi-
mum thickness, at any particular locality, there would be presented to the view
an exposure of more than thirty miles, representing the geological column, which
is regarded as one continuous whole, from the base to the top.

Geologists have adopted various divisions and subdivisions of this column,
for the purpose of illustrating the different aspects of the science. But that
which subdivides it into groups seems to be the most natural and systematic,
and is the classification now generally preferred.

In the infanc}^ of geological science, the known strata were divided into for-
mations, each of which was supposed to represent a geological period, during
which no marked changes occurred in the condition of the Earth or in its or-
ganic life. The commencement of each formation was supposed to mark a new
epoch of creation, and its close to represent a great cataclysm that destroyed all
vegetable and animal organisms. Modern geologists, however, have determined
that the evidence of special creations and cataclysms is entirely wanting, and
that the formations do not mark geological periods of repose, nor are they any
more distinct in their character, from each other, than are the groups into which
they have been subdivided.

The palaeozoic rocks, as understood by geologists, embrace the Permian
group, and all that is below it. The subdivision into Archaean, Silurian, Devo-
nian and Carboniferous formations is retained as a matter of convenience, for the
purpose of directing attention, in a general way, to a particular quarter of these
rocks. The Archaean (most ancient) are the metamorphic rocks. The Silurian
is next in order. The Devonian, from Devonshire, England, is a much smaller
formation, and is characterized by its fish remains. The Carboniferous forma-
tion, so-called from the fact that it contains the great coal deposits of Europe,
concludes the series of paheozoic rocks. Other formations contain coal deposits,
but they are otherwise so distinct, that they are never in danger of being classed
with this formation as originally defined.

2 STRATIGRAPHICAL GEOLOGY.

The names used in American Geology, for the purpose of the classification
of the strata into groups, have been derived, generally, from the localities at
which the rocks have been studied and described. This method of nomenclature
is preferred to any other, because the name itself can never mislead as to the
mineral structure or relative position of the rocks, and the geologist may visit
and study the locality with the certainty that he is investigating the typical
group. Prof. Rogers conceived the idea of improving the nomenclature of the
palaeozoic rocks by dividing them into fifteen parts and giving them names sig-
nificant of their relative ages. This he did by using words suggesting meta-
phorically different parts of a day, as follows: Primal, Auroral, Matinal, Le-
vant, Surgent, Scalent, Premeridian, Meridian, Post Meridian, Cadent, Vergent,
Ponent, Vespertine, Umbral and Serai, meaning respectively the formations of
the Dawn, Daybreak, Morning, Sunrise, Mounting Day, Climbing Day, Forenoon,
Noon, Afternoon, Declining Day, Descending Day, Sunset, Evening, Dusk and
Nightfall. Unfortunately for his attempt to substitute another, for the geographi-
cal nomenclature then quite well established and susceptible of indefinite ex-
pansion, without the use of conflicting terms or words that could mislead the
student, there were several extensive groups of rucks full of the remains of ani-
mal life, as yet unexplored, and consequently quite unknown to his system.
For obvious reasons the nomenclature suggested by Mr. Rogers has not been
adopted, and in all probability never will be.

The Archa&an formation is divided into the Laurentian and Huronian groups.
The Laurentian series of metamorphic rocks forrfis the base of the geological
column, and has an estimated thickness in Canada of 32,750 feet. It takes its
name from the Laurentian mountains of Canada. The Eozoon .canadense, a
fossil Rhizopod, is found at the base of the Grenville band of limestone, which is
near the middle of this series. The estimated depth of the Laurentian series to
the lowest place at which this fossil has been found is 16,500 feet. Sir W. E.
Logan describes the Grenville band as follows :

" The general character of the rock connected with the fossil produces the
impression that it is a great foraminiferal reef, in which the pyroxene masses
represent a more ancient portion, which having died, and become much broken
up, and worn into cavities and deep recesses, afforded a seat for a new growth of
foraminifera, represented by the calcareo serpentinous part. This in its turn be-
came broken up, leaving, however, in some places, uninjured portions of the or-
ganic structure. The main difference between this foraminiferal reef, and more
recent coral reefs, seems to be, that while with the latter are usually associated
many shells and other organic remains, in the more ancient one the only remains
yet found are those of the animal which built the reef."

The next series of rocks overlying the Laurentian is called the Huronian,
which, on the north shore of Lake Huron and to the eastward, consists ofquartz-
ites, chloritic slates, bands of limestone chert, jasper and slate conglomerates,
not less than 18,000 feet in thickness.

On Lake Superior, Sault Ste. Marie, Mamainse, and other places, it is
exposed from 10,000 to 16,208 feet in thickness. An approximate estimate of
the thickness of this series on Michipicoten Island, says Mr . McFarlane, is
18,500 feet. And if we compare the rocks of Michipicoten Island with those of

STRATIGRAPHICAL GEOLOGY. 3

Mamainse, it would appear that the lower rocks of the latter series do not come
to the surface at Michipicoten Island, and that the higher rocks of the Michipi-
coten series have not been developed at Mamainse, or lie beneath the waters of
the lake to the southwest of the promontory. It would, therefore, appear just in
estimating the thickness of the upper copper-bearing rocks of the eastern part
of Lake Superior (which are Huronian), to add to the Mamainse series the above-
mentioned 4,000 feet of resinous traps, or porphyrites, which would make the
whole thickness at least 20,000 feet. (Geo. of Can., 1863, pp. 55, 67, 86 ; Geo. of
Can., 1866, pp. 132, 141.)

In addition to the Eozoon canadense, only a few fossil species have been
described from the Huronian rocks, and these have been placed in genera of
uncertain affinit}', to wit: Aspidella, Stenotheca, and Scenella.

The metamorphic strata, equivalent to the Laurentian and Huronian series
of Canada are described in Safford's Geological Survey of Tennessee, as many
thousand feet thick. Fossil remains of foraminifera have been found in them.
They have also been found in the metamorphic rocks of Europe; so that these
rocks are no longer called azoic.

Next above the Archaean subdivision lies the great Silurian formation, first
determined by Sir R. L Murchison, and named in memory of the ancient Silures, who
inhabited Wales, where he first studied the exposure of the rocks. He subdivi-
ded it into the Lower Silurian and Upper Silurian formations, and these names
have been adopted in this countiy. The Lower Silurian is much the most exten-
sive, and is divided into groups or subdivisions, in ascending order as follows :

1. The St. John's Group, consisting of black shales and sandstones, resting
conformably upon older schistose rocks, at St. John's, New Brunswick, 3,000
feet thick. (Geo. of Can., 1866, p. 235.)

This Group of rocks contains the remains of Paradoxides, Conocephalites,
Arionellus, Microdiscus, Agnostus, Orthis, and other fossil genera. The Para-
doxides beds near Boston are supposed to belong to it.

2. The Potsdam Group, which takes its name from Potsdam in Northern
New York, where it is well developed, and consists of a fine-grained, even-bedded
sandstone, traversed by parallel joints. The Potsdam Group is sometimes divi-
ded into Upper .Potsdam and Lower Potsdam Groups. The sandstones and
limestones on the north shore of Belle Isle, and the rocks which, in the State of
Vermont are called the Georgia slates, and the red sand-rock, belong to the
Lower Potsdam Group. The Upper Potsdam Group is displayed in Minnesota,
Wisconsin, New York, Pennsylvania, and other States. In Tennessee the Pots-
dam Group is divided into three great sub-groups, in ascending order as follows:
1. The Ocoee conglomerate and slates; 2. Chilhowee sandstone; 3. Knox
Group. The Ocoee conglomerate and slates takes its name from Ocoee river,
and is 10,000 feet thick. The Chilhowee sandstone takes its name from the
Chilhowee Mountain, and is 2,000 feet thick. The Knox Group takes its name
from Knox county, and is 7,000 feet thick; making the total thickness of the
Potsdam in Tennessee 19,000 feet. It is from 500 to 2,500 feet thick in Canada,
2,020 at Bonne Bay, Newfoundland, 1,147 feet at the Straits of Belle Isle, about
2,000 feet in Pennsylvania and West Virginia, and from 600 to 800 feet thick in
Wisconsin and Minnesota.

4 STEATIGRAPHICAL GEOLOGY.

The fossils which chiefly characterize the Potsdam Group belong to the
genera Palseophycus, Scolithus, Archseocyathus ; Obolella, Camarella, Dinobol-
us, Lingulella, *Salterella, Bathyurus, Conocephalites, Olenellus and Dicello-
cephalus. Gasteropoda and Cephalopoda first make their appearance in the
Upper Potsdam. Poor specimens of Cystidea and Crinoidea have been found

in this Group.

3. The Calciferous Group, named from the calcareo-silicious character of the
rocks. It was called the Calciferous sandrock and Transition rock by Eaton,
and the Barnegat limestone, Newburgh limestone, Warwick limestone, Oolitic
limestone, Fucoidal layers, and slaty limestone, in the early Geological Reports
of New York. It is divided into the Lower and Upper Calciferous Groups. The
Upper Calciferous is found in Newfoundland about 1,000 feet in thickness. The
Lower Calciferous is the original Calciferous Group of New York. It is ex-
posed in Minnesota, Wisconsin, Tennessee, Missouri, Pennsylvania, Virginia,
Canada, and other places, usually less than 500 feet in thickness. It is found,
however, in Missouri 1,315 feet thick, where it is subdivided into 1st, 2d, 3d and
4th Magnesian limestone, and in Newfoundland 1,839 feet thick. The St. Peter's
sandstone of the Northwest, named from its great development on the St. Peter's
river, belongs to this group. There is in Newfoundland an important series of
strata, having a thickness of 2,061 feet, known as division N. of the Newfound-
land rocks, which should probably be regarded as part of the Upper Calciferous
Group. If so, it would give us a maximum thickness of about 4,000 feet for
the Calciferous Group.

The Lamellibranchiata first make their appearance in this Group, while the
Gasteropoda and Cephalopoda become numerous. Pleurotomaria canadensis is
known to pass from the Potsdam into this Group.

4. The Quebec Group, which takes its name from the city of Quebec, in
Canada, where it was first studied, and is subdivided into the Levis, Lauzon,
and Sillery Groups. The Levis division, which takes its name from Point Levis
in Canada, comprehends the Philipsburgh rocks which are 4,860 feet thick, in
addition to 1,385 feet of the Orleans section, making the whole division 6,145
feet thick. The Lauzon division, which takes its name from Lauzon, in Canada,
is about 4,000 feet in thickness. And the Sillery division, which takes its name
from Sillery Cove in Canada, is 2,000 feet in thickness, making the maximum
depth of the three divisions of this Group 12,145 feet. The Levis division is
highly fossiliferous, while only a few fossils are known from other divisions.
Some of the fossils of this Group are found both in the Chazy and Calciferous
Groups, and the Canadian geologists for a time supposed it to be the equivalent,
in some way or other, of these rocks; but later investigations have shown that it
has a fauna of its own, and that it offers beds of passage from the Potsdam to
the Trenton fauna, in addition to those of the Chazy and Calciferous.

5. The Chazy Group, which takes its name from Chazy, Clinton county,
New York, and has an extensive geographical range over New York and Canada,
is seldom found over 300 feet in thickness. The upper part of the 1st Magne-
sian limestone in Missouri may be the equivalent of this Group, or rather the
dark bluish gray semi-crystalline limestones, interstratified with the grayish
drab earthy magnesian varieties, destitute of chert, which crop out in some

STRATIGRAPHICAL GEOLOGY. 5

places on top of the 1st Magnesian, and are usually classed with it. The Group
has likewise been doubtfully identified in Wisconsin and other Northwestern
localities.

6. The Birdseye Limestone, which is a well marked Group of rocks in New
York. The rocks break with a conchoidal fracture, and the surface presents
numerous crystalline spots due to calcspar in the tubes of Tetradium fbratum,
which it contains in abundance, and from which the Group takes its name. It
is not, however, so distinct in its fossil remains as to be characterized and deter-
mined elsewhere, and therefore some geologists treat the name as a synonym for
the Black River Group.

7. The Black River Group (including the Birdseye limestone or its equiva-
lent) which is found in New York, Pennsylvania, Canada and the Island of An-
ticosti, and is supposed to underlie Ohio, Indiana and Illinois, for it is again
found cropping out under the Trenton Group in Missouri and other places west
of the Mississippi. It has a very wide geographical range, and in Pennsylvania
attains the important thickness of 5,500 feet.

The Orthoceratites, which commenced an existence in the Upper Potsdam,
reach their greatest development in this Group of rocks. Some shells are found
more than ten feet in length and exceeding a foot in diameter. Other Cephalo-
poda are found in abundance, and several new genera commence an existence.

The synonyms for the Black River Group in the early geological reports
are Mo7iawk limestone, Base of the Trenton limestone, Blue limestone, Black
marble of Isle La Motte, Bald Mountain limestone, sparry limerocks, Transi-
tion chequered limestone, Seven foot Tier and Metalliferous limerock.

8. The Trenton Group, which takes its name from Trenton, Oneida county,
New York, is found almost everywhere on the Continent, where the Lower Silu-
rian rocks are exposed. In New York, Pennsylvania, Kentucky, Illinois, Mis-
souri and Canada, its greatest thickness does not exceed 1,000 feet; while on the
Island of Anticosti it reaches 1,700, and in Tennessee 2,500 feet. The Galena
limestone of Illinois and Wisconsin, and the Cape Girardeau limestone of Mis-
souri, belong to it.

The limestones of this Group are literally a mass of fossils, and withal so
well preserved, that several hundred species and many genera have been defined.
No Group of paheozoic strata has been studied with more interest, or has yielded
more facts beneficial to science. It is a magnificent museum of well preserved
shells, representing almost every character of the ancient population of the sea.

9. The Utica Slate Group, which takes its name from Utica, New York, and
seems to be confined in its Geographical range to Pennsylvania, New York and
Canada, and reaches its greatest thickness in Pennsylvania at 400 feet. Its syn-
onyms are Black slate, Pulaski shales, Frankfort slate and Lorraine shales.

10. The Hudson River Group, which takes its name from the exposure on
Hudson River, New York, has an extensive geographical range, and reaches its
greatest thickness in Canada, at 2,000 feet. The fossils which characterize it
are nearly the same as those which characterize the Trenton Group. The inter-
vention of the Utica slate in New York and Canada furnishes the only excuse
for separating the two groups. In the Western and Southern States, where the
Utica slate is absent from the strata, the upper part of the Lower Silurian is

6 STRATIGRAPHICAL GEOLOGY.

generally called the Cincinnati Group, though in Tennessee it is known as the
Nashville Group, or more generally it is known as the Blue Limestone. The
Cincinnati Group, as exposed in Ohio, Indiana and Kentucky, with which I am
better acquainted than with any other Group of rocks, will receive more than a
passing notice. The total thickness of the exposure will scarcely exceed 1,000
feet, the lower part of which is probably the equivalent of the upper part of the
Trenton Group, and the remainder belongs to the Hudson River Group. The
Cincinnati Group, therefore, is of value as a technical name only so far as it ex-
presses the absence of the Utica slate, and points to the locality of its exposure.

Some fossils, as Bellerophon bilobatus, Strophomena altemata, Zygospira
modesta, Leptena sericea, Buthotrephis gracilis, Beyrichia chambersi, Calymene
senaria, Isotelus gigas and Isotelus megistos pass entirely through the Group.
Trinucleus concentricus, Triarthrus becki, Orthis multisecta, 0. emacerata,
Streptorhynchus hallia, Ambonychia bcllistriata, Modiolopsis cincinnatiensis,
Cycloconcha mediocardinalis, Lichenocrinus crater if or mis and Chetetes (?)
jamesi, are confined to the lower half of the group. Glyptocrinus decadactylus,
G. dyeri, G. nealli, G. fornshelli, Lichenocrinus tuberculatus, Streptorhynchus
filitexta, S. sub tenia, S. sulcata, S. sinuata, S. nutans, Orthis insculpta, 0. sub-
quadrata, Bhynchonella capax, B. dentata, Cypricardites haynesi, Anomalo-
donta gigantea, A. alata, Anodontopsis milleri, Favistella stellata, Tetradium
Jibratum and Streptelasma corniculum, are found only in the upper part of the
Group. Some fossils occupy only a few feet in vertical range, as Orthis in-
sculpta, Orthis retrdrsa, 0. emacerata, Glyptocrinus nealli and Streptorhynchus
sulcata. These facts teach us that during the deposition of the rocks, the fauna
of the ocean was constant^ changing. One form ceasing to exist at a given
place at one time, and another at another time ; a new species appearing at one
period, and another at another period. Not, however, indicating either the ex-
tinction or creation of a new species, because though the Orthis insculpta has a
vertical range of only about three feet, it is found in the Trenton Group, in
New York, in much earlier strata ; and substantially the same may be • said of
other forms.

The Group of rocks, throughout its entire thickness, is composed of alter-
nate laj^ers of blue marl and limestone, of varying thickness. In some places
the marl is 6 or 8 feet thick, without a layer of stone. At other places, one layer
of stone, 4, 6 or 8 inches in thickness, follows another, with intervening layers
of marl, of much less thickness, for 40 or 50 feet. It is rare to find a layer of
limestone more than a foot in thickness. All the layers are broken into small,
irregular pieces, sufficiently large, however, for cellar and other light stone work
for which they are used. When the blue marl is exposed for a few years to the
action of the weather, it gradually loses its color, and finally presents a dull
gray appearance. Where the marl in the bed, only a few feet from the surface,
has been changed to the dull gray color, crystals of the sulphate of lime are
found on the layers of stone and in the marl. The silicious matter prevails over
the carbonate of lime in the layers of marl, while the carbonate of lime is much
in excess of the silicious matter in the layers of stone, due in part, at least, to
the fact that the stones are almost literally a mass of more or less comminuted
shells, corals and crinoids. There is nothing, therefore, in the general character

STRATIGRAPHICAL GEOLOGY. 7

and appearance of the stones and marl to indicate the changing character of the
fossil contents, to which I shall now call more particular attention.

The Zygospira modesta is found throughout the group, varying in size from
a small pin-head to a pea. The largest size has been called Zygospira cincin-
natiensis. The smaller specimens differ in their proportional length and breadth
and in the proportional elevation of the middle of the ventral valve, and corres-
ponding depression of the mesial sinus of the dorsal valve. The larger speci-
mens differ in the same respect; and as the number of plications is but little in-
creased, they become larger and coarser. The same species from the Trenton
Group, at Ottawa, Canada, is more elongated, and more finely plicated than the
Cincinnati forms; while specimens from the Trenton Group of Southern Minne-
sota are scarcely distinguishable from Cincinnati specimens of medium size.
This species passes through the Trenton, Utica and Hudson River Groups, and
is found in the Clinton Group.

Strophomena alternata is found throughout the Group. Specimens secured
within 200 feet of low water mark at Cincinnati, are large, thin, frail, and some-
what flat, but in their markings resemble the more profound specimens from the
Trenton Group of New York and Ottawa, Canada. Many specimens found from
350 to 450 feet above low water mark are peculiarly thick, firm and heavy. From
450 feet above low water mark to the top of the Group .the specimens are, gener-
ally, proportionately longer on the hinge line and more distinctly eared than they
are below, and frequently much larger. One form of these long eared specimens
has been called variety loxorhytis. The variety nasuta is most distinctly
marked at an elevation from 400 to 450 feet above low water mark, where it is
thicker and deeper than the same variety from the Trenton Group of New York
and Canada. The variety alternistriata is most common in the middle and up-
per part of the Group. The variety fracta is found only in a vertical range of a
few feet about the middle of the Group. This species is widely distributed and
ranges from the Chazy to the Clinton Groups, passing through a great many
forms, which, if constant or characteristic of particular geological horizons, would
be regarded as good species.

Leptena sericea is found throughout the Group, changing at times in size,
length of the hinge line and comparative thickness. It is a common form in the
Trenton, Hudson River and Clinton Groups.

Strophomena tenuistriata is frail and rare in the lower part of the Group,
but quite common and well preserved in the upper part. This, including its
nearly related forms, under the names of rhomboidaUs and depressa, is almost
world wide in its distribution, and ranges from the Trenton Group to the Lower
Carboniferous. One could not hesitate, however, in separating the Lower Silu-
rian from the Upper Silurian forms, and these again from the Devonian and
Lower Carboniferous forms, while remarking the somewhat general resemblance
between them.

Streptorhynchus hallia is found in the lower 200 feet of the Group, and is
not known to occur elsewhere. 8. planoconvexa occupies only a few feet in ver-
tical range about the middle of the Group. S. nutans, S.planumbona, 8. sub -
tenia and S.filitexta are confined in their range to the upper part of the Group;
though 8. subtenta is found in the Hudson River Group at English Head, Anti-
costi, and S. jilitexta in the Trenton Group of New York.

8 STRATIGRAPHICAL GEOLOGY.

Streptorhynchus sinuata has- a vertical range of only a few feet below the
middle of the Group, and S. sulcata has a vertical range of only a few feet near
the upper part of the Group.

Orthis bellula, 0. plicatella, 0. fissicosta, 0. ella and Cythere cincinnatiensis
are confined within a vertical range of about 100 feet, near the middle of the
Group. 0. plicatella, O. triplicatella, 0. Jissicosta and O. jamesi vary much
in size and proportional length and breadth and general appearance, and some-
times run so close together that it is only by close observation that the species
are separated. Orthis ella varies so much in size and number of plications that
it could be separated into three forms sufficiently distinct to have specific names,
if the forms were found only in distinct Groups of rocks. But, probably, no
shell indicates the unceasing change and development of animal life during the
deposition of the Group as much as the Orthis lynx. It is found of all dimen-
sions, from 1-16 of an inch to 2 inches in length, breadth and thickness. The
mesial sinus is usually occupied with three plications, and the mesial fold with
four; but sometimes the mesial sinus has only two plications, and sometimes it
has four and even five, while the mesial fold always contains one more than the
sinus, if the specimen is regularly developed. The more profound the sinus, the
fewer plications in it. Some specimens are much longer than they are wide;
others much wider than«long. Some specimens, with hinge-line shorter than the
width of the shell, become globose and nearly as round as an apple; others have
the hinge-line prolonged to double the width of the shell, and have nearly the
form of Spirifera mucronata. Small specimens of the globose form are marked
with about sixteen plications, while the long-eared forms have as many as forty
on each valve. Some specimens have thin shells; while others, no larger, have
very thick ones. These extreme varieties do not occupy the same layers of rock,
but different strata. Considerable variation exists, however, in specimens occu-
pying the same layer; and so many intermediate forms are found in different
layers, that the extremes in the Group are linked together.

The maximum thickness of the lower Silurian, as shown b}^the Groups men-
tioned, is 48,745 feet; and the fossiliferous part of the metamorphic rocks, 36,-
500 feet; making a total of 85,245 feet, or a little over sixteen miles from the
top of the Hudson River Group to the base of the fossiliferous rocks. In other
words, if all the Metamorphic and Lower Silurian Groups were fully represented,
at their greatest thickness, on the Hudson River or at Cincinnati, we would ex-
pect to find fossils by digging or boring at these places for sixteen miles. The
fact is probable, however, that part of the earth was dry land, while another part
was covered with an ocean; and that the dry land was worn away by the action
of rain, and other causes, while the ocean bed, gradually filled up, as the Atlantic
fills to-day, by sedimentary deposition. There is no evidence of dry land, during
all this period; but the negative evidence to the contrary, in the total absence of
land plants and animals. Dry land may have existed, however, in the shape of
barren rocks and disintegrated matter, for mechanical deposition ; but if it did
not exist, it is presumed that deposition took place more rapidly at the bed of
the ocean at one place than at another, and that the ocean currents removed
what had been deposited at one place, and carried it to another; so that, in either
case, the maximum thickness of each Group is the measure of the lapse of time

STRATIGRAPHICAL GEOLOGY. 9

that transpired during its deposition on the ocean-bed; and these, when placed
together, in their order of deposition, constitute the true geological column.

The Upper Silurian rocks are subdivided in ascending order, as follows:

1. Oneida Conglomerate, which takes its name from Oneida county, New York.

2. Medina sandstone, which takes its name from Medina, New York. 3. Clinton
Group, which takes its name from Clinton, New York. 4. Niagara Group,
which takes its name from its development at the Falls of Niagara. 5. Onon-
daga Salt Group, which takes its name from Onondaga, New York, where the
salt springs have been extensively wrought; and 6. Lower Helderberg Group,
which takes its name from the Helderberg Mountains of New York.

The Oneida Conglomerate has been called the Shawangunk Grit, the Shawan-
gunk Conglomerate and the Millstone Grit. The word Shawangunk, signify-
ing, in the Indian language of the aborigines, White rock, has been regarded as
quite appropriate, because it is expressive of the character of the rocks. The
greatest thickness of this Group in New York and Pennsylvania is about 500
feet. The rocks are of such a character that they have not preserved the fossil
remains with the exception of imperfect fucoidal impressions.

The Medina sandstone is usually of a red color, with the exception of a gray
band near the top. Between the mouth of the Niagara river and Lewiston, it is
350 feet thick, though at Barton, Canada, it is 618 feet thick. Its dimensions in
Pennsylvania are much increased. In the latter State it is subdivided into three
Groups on lithological grounds; the lower, a compact greenish gray sandstone
about 400 feet thick, the next a soft argillaceous red and brown sandstone and
shale TOO feet thick, and the higher a white or light gray sandstone and shales,
450 thick; making a total thickness of 1,150 feet. Like other sandstones, it
usually contains but few fossils, but in some localities it is highly fossiliferous,
especially in the upper part.

The Clinton Group is only estimated, in Ohio and other Western localities, at
50 feet or less in thickness. In New York and Canada from 50 to 400 feet, and
on the Island of Anticosti at 610 feet; but in Pennsylvania it reaches the great
thickness of 1,620 feet. (Geo. of Penn., vol. i., p. 106.)

Prof. Hall says of this group : " In the Western portion of the State (N. Y.)
the limit between the Medina sandstone and Clinton Group is well defined, and
the materials very distinct; but, in the central part of the State, we find the same
conditions which operated during the deposition of the Medina sandstone to have
been continued into the Clinton Group. The latter commences by a shaly
deposit, which is soon succeeded by alternations of sandstone, in character pre-
cisely like the Medina sandstone. The general character of the marine vegeta-
tion of the two periods is similar; and a peculiar t3^pe of plants commences its
existence in the Medina sandstone, and terminates in the Clinton Group. When
we examine the Clinton Group in the central part of the State, its analogies are
chiefly with the Medina sandstone; and it is there a powerful and important
formation, presenting, however, great variation in its successive beds and charac-
ters, in every respect truly protean. In its Western extension, the Clinton Group
assimilates in character to the Niagara Group, and in the Western district has
nearly lost the character which it presents in Oneida county. At the same time
that the Group assumes a more calcareous character in its Western extension, it

10 STRATIGEAPHICAL GEOLOGY.

loses the fossils which were typical of it, and becomes charged with fossils pecu-
liar to calcareous strata. Thus, while we find its lower beds, from Wayne county
Westward to the Niagara river, characterized by .peculiar fossils, we find the
upper beds containing many species which pass upward into the Niagara Group.
Indeed, there is no line which can be designated between these two Groups, which
shall mark the limits of the organic products. It is true, nevertheless, that by
far the greater part of the fossils of the two Groups are distinct; and the small
number in the lower Group, of those which we regard as proper to the Niagara
Group, are for the most part inconspicuous, and not so well developed as they are
in the Niagara." Again, he says:

" In tracing the Clinton Group Westerly, we find its affinities more with the
rocks below, or that the material and fossils recognized on the one side as the
Clinton formation are not strongly separated from the upper beds of the Hudson
River Group; and studied in these localities alone, they might be regarded as
constituting part of the same. On the other hand, the Niagara becomes defined
as a calcareous Group, and the line between it and the strata below is strongly
drawn. The base of this limestone would everywhere be recognized as the base
of the Upper Silurian Rocks, while the strata below are marked by fossils which
belong to the Lower Silurian fauna."

The Niagara Group consists of shales and limestones, and may, for the pur-
poses of this introduction, include the lenticular mass of dolomitic limestones
found in Canada, and bearing the name Guelph Group. The Guelph Group takes
its name from the town of Guelph in Canada, where it is about 160 feet in thick-
ness. At Lockport and at Niagara Falls, the Niagara Group consists of about
80 feet of shales, and 164 feet of limestones. The Group is found exposed in
Ohio, Indiana, Illinois and other Western States, rarely exceeding 400 feet in
thickness; but in Tennessee it reaches 1,700 feet, and is subdivided as follows:
1st, Clinch Mountain sandstone, consisting of shales and sandstones, 700 feet;
2d, White Oak Mountain* sandstone, 500 feet ; 3d, Dyestone Group of shales and
sandstones, which takes its name from an iron ore, which is sometimes used as a
dyestone, 300 feet; and 4th, Meniscus Limestone, which takes its name from a
lens or a meniscus-shaped fossil sponge, named by Roemer, Astraiosponyia
meniscus, 200 feet.

Prof. Hall says : " The rocks of this Group, where best developed in Western
New York, consist of a mass of shale, succeeded by one of limestone, the passage
from the former to the latter taking place by the gradual increase of calcareous
matter. The upper or terminating limestone of the Clinton Group is succeeded
by a soft argillo-calcareous shale, which maintains its character unchanged for a
thickness of 80 to 100 feet. Throughout the greater part of this it abounds in
fossils, nearly all of which are distinct from those in the beds of the Clinton
Group. In the Western part of New York, the lithological characters of the
Clinton and Niagara Groups are so similar, that they could well be united. The
fossils also of the two Groups, though generally distinct, are nevertheless generic-
ally similar, and several species pass from the lower to the higher Group. Still
farther West, the assimilation becomes more perfect, and there appears to be
no line of separation between the two Groups. At the same time the fossils
appear to be commingled."

STKATIGKAPHICAL GEOLOGY. 11

The Onondaga Salt Group is sometimes called the Onondaga limestone or
Gypsiferous series. Its outcrop in New York is traced, says Prof. Hall, from
Montgomery- county, where the formation is represented by a thin band, West-
ward into Wayne county, where it attains a thickness of 1,000 feet, and thinning
out towards Canada, it crosses the Niagara river, at 300 feet in thickness, whence
it is traced Northwestwardly to Lake Huron, and thence to Mackinac. It is also
exposed in Pennsylvania, where it was called the Surgent red marl, and in West-
ern and Southern localities. In its lower part, it is made up chiefly of marls and
thin shaly limestones, which include the gypsum and salt. Its upper portion
consists of magnesian limestones, often yielding hydraulic or water lime, and is
hence sometimes distinguished as the Water Lime Group, where it really forms
part of the Onondaga Group.

The Lower Helderberg Group has a wide geographical range, but is not sus-
ceptible of subdivision into man}- Groups, at any great distance from the Helder-
berg Mountains, where Vanuxem separated it into ; 1st, Water Lime Group or
Tentaculite limestone ; 2d, Pentamerus limestone ; 3d, Deltbyris shaly lime-
stone ; 4th, Encrinal limestone ; and 5th, Upper Pentamerus limestone. The
Water Lime Group was so called from its yielding hydraulic cement, and is about
200 feet thick in New York, and thins out in Canada in a Northwesterly direc-
tion. Pentamerus limestone took its name from the Pentamerus galeatus found
in it, in Cherry Valley, New York, where it is about 30 feet thick. The Delthy-
ris shaly limestone was so named from the abundance of Spirifera macropleura,
and S. pachoptera, formerly called Delthyris, found in it. It is about 70 feet
thick. The Encrinal limestone is about 25 feet thick, and was so named from
the quantity of broken encrinites it contains. It has also been called the Scu-
tella limestone, from a shield-like pelvis of a crinoid found, in it. The Upper
Pentamerus limestone is about 75 feet thick, and was so named from the abund-
ance of Pentamerus pseudogaleatus with which it is characterized.

The Lower Helderberg attains the greatest thickness of 2,000 feet, at Gaspe,
Canada. It is 1,720 feet in Pennsylvania, 400 to 500 in New York, and from 100
to 200 feet thick in the Western States.

The fossils of this Group are quite similar to those of the Niagara, and mark
a very gradual development from the former to the latter. The Water Lime
Group is especially characterized by large crustaceans of the genera Eurypterus
and Pterygotus, the highest forms of organized life, which, so far as we know,
had, up to this period, appeared upon the earth.

The rocks of the Upper Silurian formation, as shown by the preceding esti-
mates, are about 8,000 feet in thickness. They contain the fossil remains of
no vertebrate animal so far as yet known. They shoAvthe uninterrupted course of
oceanic life from one Group of rocks to the next, and the gradual appearance of
higher organisms, and yet they are without land plants, save perhaps a species
of Psilophyton, and vertebrate animals, even of the lowest oceanic tj-pes. The
student of biology and the laws of evolution may pause here and reflect upon the
fact, that from the geological horizon of the Eozoon canadense, we have passed
upwards through nearly eighteen miles in thickness of oceanic deposits, which
represent many millions of years as we understand the laws of deposition, and
while the changes in the forms of life have been numerous and wonderful, and

12 STRATIGKAPHICAL GEOLOGY.

the development into higher forms constant throughout the whole period, yet
that life had found its most complete development in a lowly organized articu-
late animal— the awkwardly constructed, loosely thrown together— flimsy
Eurypterus.

The Devonian formation was so named by Murchison from Devonshire, Eng-
land. It is subdivided in ascending order into: 1st, Oriskany Sandstone; 2d,
Upper Helderberg Group; 3d, Hamilton Group; 4th, Portage Group; 5th, Che-
mung Group; and 6th, the Catskill Group.

The Oriskany Sandstone takes its name trom Oriskany, in Oneida county,
New York. It has a wide geographical range, being found in Canada, New York,
Pennsylvania, Maryland, Illinois, and other States. Its maximum thickness is
placed at 300 feet.

Prof. Hall says: "The line of demarkation between subordinate Groups, and
the line of separation between systems, are equally strong, and that the whole
series may be regarded as a succession of minor Groups; that the strong lines of
division are almost always due to the absence of some formation, which if present,
would show a gradation to the next; and these subdivisions into systems have
been made dependent on the imperfection rather than the perfection of the se-
quence. Thus the strong line of demarkation between the Silurian and Devonian
which exists where the lower Helderberg Group is absent, is softened to a gentle
gradation through the intervention of these strata and the Oriskany sandstone.
Where these are present in all their members, the line of separation becomes less
sharply defined, and we have some evidence that there may exist other intermedi-
ate members, or a more full development of those now known between the two
formations." (Pal. of N. Y., vol. iii., p. 35.)

In Southern Illinois, the Oriskany sandstone of the Devonian system is un-
derlaid by a Group of silicious limestones, that in their upper beds contain well
marked Devonian fossils, and below those that seem to be characteristic, Upper
Silurian forms; thus forming beds of passage from the Upper Silurian to the
Devonian systems. This Group seems to hold about the same relation to these
two systems that the Anticosti Group of Canada holds between the Upper and
Lower Silurian of that country. This Group is called the " Clear creek lime-
stone," and is limited in its outcrop to the counties of Jackson, Union, and Alex-
ander, first making its appearance in the bluff's of Mississippi, at the lower end
of the ridge known as the "Devil's backbone," in Jackson county, and continuing
along the river bluffs to Clear creek, in Union county, where they are fully
developed, and where they probably attain their maximum thickness of from 250
to 350 feet. (Geo. of 111., vol. i., p. 125.) Subsequent investigations, and a
more complete collection of the fossils which belonged to the upper and lower
divisions of the mass, led to the conclusion that the upper division represented,
at least in part, the Oriskany period, and the lower, the Delthyris shaly beds of
the Lower Helderberg series. And in accordance with this view, without any
well marked line of separation on lithological grounds, but supported by an ex-
amination of the same beds in Perry county, Missouri, the upper 200 feet, at the
maximum thickness, is placed in the lower division of the Oriskany period, and
the lower 200 feet, at the maximum thickness, is placed in the Lower Helderberg
period. (Geo. of 111., vol. ii., p. 8; vol. iii., p. 24.)

STRATIGRAPHICAL GEOLOGY. 13

The Upper Helderberg Group, in its fullest development, consists of four
members, the Caudagalli grit, the Schoharie grit, the Onondaga and Corniferous
limestones. The first, when characteristic, is a dark, gritty slate, which has a cleav-
age vertical to the line of deposition, and is generally destitute of fossils; but with
surfaces, covered with curved, fucoid-like markings, which have given it its
name. This rock constitutes beds of passage from the Oriskany sandstone, and
graduates above into the Schoharie grit, which is an arenaceous limestone,
weathering to a brownish color, and succeeded by the gray, subcrystalline, coral-
line formation, which is known in New York as the Onondaga limestone, while
the Corniferous limestone consists of the higher dark-colored chert beds of the
Group. (Hall's Pal., vol. iii., p. 43.)

The Caudagalli grit was named from a fucoid having some resemblance in
form to the tail of a chicken cock. It has a small geographical range, and its
maximum thickness in New York is placed at 70 feet.

The Schoharie grit, named from Schoharie, New York, has a small geo-
graphical range and no considerable thickness. In Pennsylvania and New
Jersey, where the Caudagalli and Schoharie grits have been called the Post Meri-
dian grits, they have a thickness of 300 feet. This Group in New York consists
of a fine grained calcareous sandstone, somewhat resembling the Oriskany, but
bearing quite different fossils.

No vertebrate animal has yet made its appearance.

The Onondaga limestone is only from 20 to 50 feet thick in New York, and,
though traced over a great extent of country, rarely exceeds that thickness. In
Missouri it is said to vary from 10 inches to 75 feet in thickness, but there are
few if any Western localities where this Group can be#separated from the Cor-
niferous.

The Corniferous limestone was named from the chert found in it, which
breaks with a corny fracture. It varies from 100 to 200 feet in thickness, in
Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Pennsylvania and New York. It is from 300 to 400 feet
thick in Michigan, and reaches its maximum of 850 feet at Tilsonbury, Canada.
At Louisville, Kentucky, this Group consists of a mass of fossil corals, in a bed
of hard limestone. It has the appearance of having been a coral reef, and has
been so designated, but the limestone is so firm that perfect specimens of the
corals are not easily procured.

This is the Group of rocks in which the first remains of vertebrate animals
are found. These remains consist generally of the teeth of fish, but other hard
parts are also found. Some strata are known which are literally a mass of fish
teeth cemented together in a compact limestone. Land plants become more com-
mon in this Group.

The maximum of these subdivisions of the Upper Helderberg Group is there-
fore 1,225 feet. Each subdivision in New York is characterized by distinct fos-
sils, but in Canada several of the most characteristic species of the Oriskany
sandstone ascend through each of the overlying Groups into the Corniferous.

From this time forward, the five sub-kingdoms in animal life are represented
in every Group of rocks capable of their preservation, viz. : Protista, Radiates,
Mollusks, Articulates, and Vertebrates. They all continue to change and de-
velop, but the great field of evolution is well nigh surrendered to the Vertebrates,

14 STRATIGRAPHICAL GEOLOGY.

which have commenced an existence in the lowest forms of marine fish, soon to
appear in higher states of perfection, and to be followed by a number of Ba-
trachian or Reptilian forms before the close of palaeozoic time.

The Hamilton Group was named by Vanuxem, from Hamilton, Madison
county, New York. In its fullest development, it consists of the Marcellus
shale, Ludlowville shale, Encrinal limestone, Moscow shale, Tully limestone, and
Genessee slate. It is about 1,200 feet thick in Eastern New York, and 1,150 feet
in Eastern Pennsylvania. It thins out Westerly and Southerly, but maintains
a thickness of from 300 to 600 feet in Canada.

Prof. Hall says : " The Hamilton Group consists, in Eastern New York, at
base of the black Marcellus shale, including some bands of Goniatite limestone.
Next succeeds a hard, compact, calcareo-arenaceous shale, which, under atmos-
pheric influences, crumbles into angular fragments. This is followed by more
arenaceous bands, and by bands of soft slaty shale, with arenaceous shale or ar-
gillaceous sandstone, and with some thin bands of limestone, which are almost en-
tirely composed of organic remains. Toward the Western part of New York the
coarser materials gradually diminish, and we find an increasing proportion of
soft shales, with a more general diffusion of the calcareous matter, and the mass
is terminated by a limestone. Finally, from the Genessee river to the Western
limits of the State, the entire Group, above the Marcellus shale, which is persis-
tent, consists of dark, soft shales and bands of limestone. Thus the lithological
characters are at the East, an olive shale and sandstone; at the West, a grayish-
blue, calcareous shale, with bands of limestone. (Pal., vol. iii., p. 46.)

The Portage Group was named from Portage, New York. It is 1,400 feet
thick in the Eastern part jof the State, and 1,150 feet thick in Eastern Pennsylva-
nia. It thins out Westerly and Northerly. The Black Slate or Huron Shale of
Michigan and Ohio belongs to this Group, and is from 300 to 400 feet thick. It
is from 100 to 200 feet thick at Louisville, Kentucky, and New Albany, Indiana,
and 50 feet thick in Missouri. The Group ought not to be called the Huron Shale
either in Ohio or elsewhere, because that name was appropriated by the early
Canadian geologists, and applied to a Group of Metamorphic rocks. If one
were to speak of the slate in the Huronian Group, it would be called the Huron
Slate, and so would shale if found there, be properly designated as Huron Shale.
The words Huron and Huronian have the same signification, and are too near alike
to be used to designate widely separated Groups of rocks. The " Huron Shale "
is a synonym for the " Portage Group," with nothing to commend its use, because
it has neither geographical nor local significance.

The Chemung Group was named from Chemung, New York, and is about
2,000 feet thick in the Eastern part of that State, but at Huntington, Pennsylvania,
it is 3,200 feet in thickness. It thins out to the West, and is estimated at only
400 feet in Ohio, where it is called the Erie Shale, and 200 feet in Missouri.
While the Hamilton, Portage and Chemung Groups in New York are, combined,
only about 4,000 feet thick, and in Pennsylvania do not much exceed 6,000, at
Gaspe, Canada, they are 7,036 feet, though this estimate may include the Catskill
Group.

The passage from the Silurian formation to the Devonian at Gaspe, Canada,
where the rocks are exposed 9,000 feet in thickness, is not evidenced by any

STRATIGRAPHICAL GEOLOGY. ' 15

change in lithological character, and is hardly determinable from an examination
of the fossils. The lower 2,000 feet is classed with the Helderberg Group in the
Silurian, but it may include the Oriskany sandstone of the Devonian series. The
upper 7,036 feet are supposed to represent all the other Groups in the Devonian
formation of New York, but the divisions are not clearly defined as in New York,
nor readily separable from an examination of either the fossils or the rocks.
(Geo. of Canada, 1863. p. 396; do. 1866, p. 260; Hall's Pal, vol. iii., p. 45.)

A very interesting Group of rocks, because of the highly fossiliferous charac-
ter and abundance of Goniatites, is exposed at Rockford, near Seymour, Indiana,
which probably represents part of the Chemung Group; though Prof. Meek and
the Illinois geologists have regarded it as the representative of the Kinderhook
Group.

The shales and sandstones of the Catskill Group form in their greatest ex-
pansion at the Catskill Mountains, from which the Group takes its name, a mass
of at least 3,000 feet in thickness. The Group is composed of red and greenish
or olive shales and shaly sandstones, with some gray and mottled sandstones
and conglomerates.

In Pennsylvania this Group is divided into: 1st, Ponent Red Sandstone,
which is 5,000 feet thick in its Southeastern outcrops; 2d, Vespertine, Conglom-
erate and sandstone, 2,660 feet in thickness, near the Susquehanna, making a total
thickness of 7,660 feet.

The rocks of the Devonian age are therefore 15,235 feet, or nearly three miles
in thickness, and are connected together by their interlocking fossil contents, and
united with those of Silurian age, precisely as the Lower Silurian Groups are re-
lated to each other.

The Devonian rocks are followed by the Carboniferous, which are divided
into : 1st, Lower Carboniferous ; 2d, Carboniferous Conglomerate ; 3d, Coal
Measures ; and 4th, Permian.

The Lower Carboniferous Group, in Nova Scotia, consists of reddish and
gray sandstones and shales, conglomerates and thick beds of limestone, with ma-
rine shells and gypsum, and is 7,636 feet in thickness. On the island of Bona-
venture, it is about 2,000 feet in thickness, or with the Carboniferous conglomer-
ate 2,766, and contains the Eatonia peculiaris, which is found in the Oriskany
sandstone of New York. In Illinois, the Lower Carboniferous is subdivided into
Groups in ascending order as follows : 1st, Kinderhook Group, from 100 to 150
feet ; 2d, Burlington Group, from 25 to 200 feet ; 3d, Keokuk Group, from 100
to 150 feet ; 4th, St. Louis Group, from 50 to 200 feet ; and 5th, Chester Group,
from 500 to 800 feet. In Missouri, it is subdivided in ascending order, into: 1st,
Encrinital limestone ; 2d, Archimedes limestone ; 3d, St. Louis limestone ;
and 4th, Ferruginous sandstone ; the maximum thickness of which is only about
1,200 feet. The Burlington Group has been called the Encrinital limestone, and
in Missouri it is 500 feet thick. The Keokuk limestone is the Archimedes lime-
- stone of Owen. The Warsaw limestone is sometimes called the second Archi-
medes limestone. The St. Louis limestone was called the Concretionary lime-
stone by Owen. The Chester Group has been called Kaskaskia limestone, Up-
per Archimedes limestone, and Pentremital limestone. In Tennessee, the Lower
Carboniferous is subdivided into the Mountain limestone and Siliceous Group-

16 STRATIGRAPHICAL GEOLOGY.

The total thickness is about 1,200 feet. In Ohio the Group is subdivided into
the Cleveland Shale, Bedford Shale, Berea Grit and Cuyahoga Shale, these to-
gether constitute what is also known as the Waverly Group, named from the
quarries at Waverly, Ohio. In Michigan, Prof. Winchell subdivided the Group
into the Marshal] Group, Napoleon Group, Michigan Salt Group, and Carbon-
it'cious limestone, the total thickness of which is 550 feet. In the Anthracite
Coal region of Pennsylvania this Group lias a maximum thickness of 3,000 feet,
and consists mainly of red shale; it thins out rapidly towards the Northwest, but
maintains a great thickness Southwardly through Virginia and into Alabama,
gradually changing its character, however, to a calcareous limestone.

The Lower Carboniferous rocks present us with a greater number of species
of Crinoids, and these in greater profusion than all the other subdivisions of the
Paheozoic rocks. A single locality at Burlington, Iowa, in the Burlington Group,
has furnished about 350 species. Another locality at Crawfordsville, Indiana,
has almost a world-wide reputation for the great beauty, perfection and abun-
dancy of its crinoids. It is in the Keokuk Group.

" The genus Nautilus among the Cephalopoda is clearly recognized and is
quite abundant, while the genus Orthoceras, whose perfection represented an or-
ganization akin to the embryonic form of the Nautilus has become correspond-
ingly rare.

The Carboniferous conglomerate is 1,400 feet in thickness in Pennsylvania,
and entirely thins out before reaching the Mississippi river. It is only from 100
to 200 feet thick in Ohio.

Prof. Hall says : " It was evidently formed from the fragments of older for-
mations, drifted, water-worn, rounded and deposited with the larger pieces at the
base, and the whole cemented together with smaller pebbles and sand. The
depth of the formation in Pennsylvania, and its thinning out to the North and
West, shows the current to have been from Southeast to Northwest, and probably
indicates the close proximity of the source in a Southeasterly direction. In
Michigan the thinning out is toward the South, or in a contrary direction. In
Illinois the formation thins out from the West toward the East. The character of
this formation, its manner of deposition, the currents which must have existed
to distribute it, all indicate that this continent was an archipelago at the era of
the Carboniferous conglomerate."

In some places the conglomerate is a quartzose grit used for millstones, and
it is hence called the Millstone grit.

The Coal Measures are 14,570 feet thick in Nova Scotia, 8,000 feet in Penn-
sylvania, 2,500 feet in Tennessee, 2,000 feet in Ohio, 1,200 feet in Illinois, 640
feet in Missouri, 2,000 feet in Kansas, and a greater thickness in Nebraska.

This Group is sometimes divided into Upper and Lower Coal Measures, a
separation that seems to be founded upon the fossil contents in many places.

Land Plants, which began their existence in the Devonian era, if we except
Psilophyton princeps, became abundant in the Coal Measures. They are distri-
buted through the rocks, the shales, and the coal. Marine Vegetation, the growth
of the Marsh, and the Flora of dry land, existed in immense quantities, and was
widely distributed, but the higher orders of plants and forest trees were yet un-
known on the face of the earth.

STRATIGRAPHICAL GEOLOGY. 17

Among the Cephalopoda, numereus genera and species had disappeared.
The Nautilus the highest form then developed, was common, and furnishes us with
several subgeneric types, thus manifesting its prosperity, and pointing to its con-
tinuance in succeeding strata; while the Orthoceras had become rare and diminu-
tive, preparatory to interring the last of the family in this Group of rocks.

Among the Gasteropoda there was a decided advancement from the marine
forms, to the land snails of the genus Pupa.

Among the Articulates the progress in animal life was still more clearly
manifested, not only in the appearance of the marine forms of the genera JSu-
proops, Acanthotelson, and Anthrapalcemon, but in the appearance of terrestrial
insects of the family Neuropteridm; Myriapods of the genera Eoscorpius, Ma-
zonia and Architarbus; while the Trilobites that swarmed in frail hulks in earlier
days gradually became extinct.

The wheel of evolution rolled yet more rapidly among the Vertebrata. The
fish became more diversified and more highly organized. Amphibian animals
made their appearance in several families, some of them were protected by scales,
others were not; some had long vertebral columns, others had short ones; some
had limbs well developed, and in form were lizard-like, while others were desti-
tute of limbs or possessed them weak and half developed.

The Permian Group was so named by Murchison from Perm, a government
in Russia. This Group is known only in the country West of the Mississippi,
and is so intimately connected with the Coal Measures as to be hardly separable.
Its maximum thickness does not exceed 500 feet. The maximum thickness,
therefore, of the Carboniferous Groups ma}' be placed at 24,100 feet.

The Carboniferous rocks, as found in the Uinta Mountain Region, have been
subdivided by Powell and others, into four Groups, viz.: Lodore Group, Red Wall
Group, Lower Aubrey Group and Upper Aubrey Group.

The maximum thickness of the Groups forming the Paleozoic rocks of
North America, as here shown, is as follows:

Laurentian 32,750 feet.

Huronian 20,000 "

Lower Silurian 48,745 "

Upper Silurian 8,000 "

Devonian 15,235 "

Carboniferous 24,100 "

Total 148,830 feet.

This is a little over 28 miles, all of which is known to be fossiliferous, except
the three miles at the base. It ma}' be, that the thickness of some of the Groups
is overestimated, and it may be, that two Groups, which are estimated, were de-
posited at the same time, and that only one of them should be counted; but on
the other hand, it may be, that some Groups are entirely omitted, and that others
have not been measured at the place of their greatest thickness. The probability
is, therefore, that the maximum thickness of the Groups, when more certainly as-
certained, as it will be by future explorations and measurements, will not fall much,
if at all, below the present estimate.

The limestones of the Palaeozoic rocks were formed in clear ocean waters,
from the remains of calcareous shells. Their formation must have been ex-

18 STRATIGRAPHICAL GEOLOGY.

tremely slow, so slow, that a foot may represent a thousand years, or even more.
The shales, clays and marls may have been deposited with greater rapidity; but
when we consider, that the change from one kind of rock-forming material to an-
other indicates a break in the continuity of time, and that great lapse of time was
necessary for the growth of the marine and land vegetation, which formed the coal
found between beds of clay and shale, we are led to the conclusion, that the time
which elapsed between two separate beds of clay and shale, or marl, added to the
time necessary for the deposition of their materials, will, on the whole, make their
formation as slow as that of the limestones. The sandstones and conglomerates,
particularly those of the Coal Measures, seem to have been made up of trans-
ported materials, and were therefore deposited much faster than the limestones,
though but few of them appear to have been made with any rapidity. The even-
ness of the strata, over a great extent of country, indicates slowness in trans-
portation and deposit. The fact, that the materials must have been taken from
pre-existing rocks, by the water, before transportation, tends again to convince us
of the slowness of their formation. From these considerations, it would not be
extravagant to say, that paheozoic time represents more than one hundred millions
of years, and we would close our eyes against the testimony of the rocks, were we
to conclude that palaeozoic time could be estimated by years less than many
millions.

The vegetable kingdom began with the lowest of its kind, the algae or sea
weeds, and with the lowest forms of these. The development was as gradual as
the deposition of the strata. It was not until the Devonian age, that land plants
appeared of sufficient firmness for preservation, if we except Dawson's Psilophyton,
which probably grew in a marsh. These were of the lowest classes. The}- be-
came more diffuse and diversified with the lapse of time ; but the palaeozoic era
closed without the appearance of any of the higher orders or classes.

The animal kingdom likewise began with the lowest of its kind, the Eozoon
canadense. The learned Dr. Haeckel has established the fifth sub-kingdom in
animal life to include forms below the Radiata, and therefore very nearby related
to inorganic matter. This sub-kingdom he has called Protista. The Eozoon
canadense, under this classification, belongs to the order Polythalamia, sub-class
Badiolaria, class lihizopoda, sub-kingdom Protista. Ages passed, about which
we know very little, before the period of the St. John's Group, which ushered in
the lower Silurian. At this time we find the lowest forms of the Radiates, Mol-
lusks and Articulates. The Articulates are represented by the lowest forms of
theTrilobites, which, in their perfect state, represented the embryonic condition
of the existing Limulus. Millions of years pass by again, before the appear-
ance of Gasteropoda, and Cephalopoda, in the Upper Potsdam Group ; meantime
the system of life, which commenced with the lowest forms, as if by spontaneous
generation, by evolution, increases species and genera and reaches a higher and still
higher grade of development. Later still, in the Calciferous Group, the Lamelli-
branchiata commenced its existence; a class that has fought its way through all
succeeding time, and is even now in the height of its prosperity and advancement.
All classes of life, which existed in the ocean, up to the first appearance of the
Lamellibranchiata, continued to live, develop, increase their species and genera,
and improve, through millions of years, before the Vertebrates first made their ap-

STRATTGRAPHICAL GEOLOGY. 19

pearance in the Devonian seas. During all this time, the earth was barren and
lifeless. Mighty changes had taken place, mud had been deposited on the bed
of the ocean many miles in thickness, and life had grown from its mineral origin
in the ocean, until it had nearly the strength to maintain itself on land; but all
this had been accomplished as silently as the earth moves in her orbit. The
same gradual development continued throughout each sub-kingdom to the close
of the Carboniferous period. The evolution in animal forms was as slow as time,
and quite as monotonous, except in the constant progress to a higher and more
complicated existence. The Coal Measures furnish us with fish-like remains,
having the limbs of a frog or the breathing capacit}" of a tailed batrachian.
Several genera have been made from the fossil remains of this period, which
bridge the chasm, from the Ganoid fish to the batrachian and the lacertian. The
highest Palaeozoic type of animal life, yet known, Prof. Dawson has called
Hylonomus lyelli. The distinguished principal of McGill College says, that it pre-
sents characters partly allying it to the newts and other batrachians and partly
to the true lizards. The structure of the skull and vertebrae resembling a
batrachian, and the well developed ribs, broad pelvis, and cutaneous covering
assimilating it to the true lizards.

The following inferences are therefore to be drawn from the testimony af-
forded by the Palaeozoic rocks:

First. That the maximum thickness of the Groups of strata is from twen-
ty-five to thirty miles.

Second. That it required many millions of years for the formation of these
Groups. , .

Third. That both vegetable and animal life commenced an existence, in
the lowest forms, such as might have been produced by a concentration of chemi-
cal forces, or, by what has been called spontaneous generation.

Fourth. That, b}r processes of evolution, vegetable life developed from
marine forms to land plants.

Fifth. That animal life began in the sub-kingdom Protista; from this sub-
kingdom, by processes of evolution and the survival of the fittest, there arose
Radiates, Mollusks, Articulates and Vertebrates. Each of these sub-kingdoms
is now in the highest state of its development, though many families and some
orders in each sub-kingdom have had their day and become extinct, or have been
on the decline for untold ages.

VEGETABLE KINGDOM.

PLAITTJB

The genus Prototaxites was founded by Dawson upon fossil wood, supposed to resemble
the genus Taxites. The same author founded the genus Nematoxylon, upon what he supposed
to be nearly related fossil wood. Mr. Carruthers examined the same specimens and pro-
nounced them both Algae, and founded the new genus Nematophycm. Seeds, stems, roots
and other organs of uncertain affinity, have received generic and specific names. Some
fossils are classed by some authors with the Algae, as Cruziana, Scolithux, etc., while others
regard them as tracks of marine animals. Authors are not in accord, even on the arrange-
ment of the fronds and branches of ferns into families. For these reasons, I have not
undertaken to arrange the fossils of the vegetable kingdom, represented in the palaeozoic
rocks, into families.

Acanthophytox, Dawson, 1862, Quar. Jour.

Geo. Soc, vol. 18. [Ety. akantha, a

thorn ; phyton, a plant.]
spinosum, Dawson, 1862, Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc, vol. 18, Chemung Gr. [Sig.

thorny.]
Alethopteris, Sternberg, 1825, Vers. Darst.

Flora der Vorwelt. [Ety. alethos, true ;

pteris, a fern.]
acuta, Brongniart, 18 2 8, (Pecopteris

acuta) Prodrome d'un Histoire des

Vegetaux Fossiles, Coal Meas. [Sig.

acute.]
aquilina, Brongniart, 1828, (Pecopteris

aquilina) Prodr. Hist. Veg. Foss.,

Coal Meas. [Ety. aquilimis, like an

eagle ; from Pteris aquilina, the eagle

brake.]
bunburyi, Andrews, 1875, Ohio Pal., vol.

2, Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
coxana, Lesquereux, 1861, Geo. Sur. Ky.,

vol. 4, Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
crenulata, Brongniart, 1828, (Pecopteris

crenulata) Prodr. Hist. Veg. Foss.,

Coal Meas. [Sig. slightly crenulated

or zigzagged.]
cristata, Gutbier, 1843, (Pecopteris cris-

tata) in Geea von Sachsen, Coal Meas.

[Sig. crested.]
discrepans, Dawson, 1868, Acad. Geol.,

Devonian. [Sig. different.]
distans, Lesquereux, 1858,Geo. Sur.Penn.,

vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Ety. from the dis-
tant pinnules.]
emarginata, Gceppert, 1836, (Pecopteris

emarginata) Syst. Filic. Foss., Coal

Meas. [Sig. without a border.]
erosa, Gutbier, 1843, (Pecopteris erosa) in

Gsea von Sachsen, Coal Meas. [Sig.

eroded.]
falcata, Lesquereux, 1870, Geo. Sur. 111.,

vol. 4, Coal Meas. [Sig. sickle-shaped.]

grandifolia, Newberry, 1873, Ohio Pal.,
vol. 1, Coal Meas. [Sig. large-leaved.]

grandis, Dawson, 1863, Can. Nat. & Geol.,
vol. 8, Coal Meas. [Sig. grand, large.]

halli, Lesquereux, 1870, Geo. Sur. 111.,
vol. 4, Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]

heterophylla, Lindley & Hutton, 1833,
(Pecopteris heterophylla) Foss. Flora,
Coal Meas. [Sig. irregularly-leaved.]

holdeni, Andrews, 1875, Ohio Pal., vol.
2, Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]

hymenophylloides, Lesquereux, 18 7 0,
Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 4, Coal Meas. [Ety.
from resemblance to Hymenophyllites.']

inflata, Lesquereux, 1870, Geo. Sur. 111.,
vol. 4, Coal Meas. [Sig. inflated.]

ingens, Dawson, 1868, Acad. Geol., De-
vonian. [Sig. huge.]

laevis, Lesquereux, 1858, Geo. Sur. Penn.,
vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. smooth.]

lanceolata, Lesquereux, 1870, Geo. Sur.
111., vol. 4, Coal Meas. [Sig. lance-
shaped.]

lonchitidis, Sternberg, 1824, (Filicites
lonchiticus) Vers. Darst. Flora der
Vorwelt, Coal Meas. [Ety. from Lon-
chitis; the fern, " adder's tongue."]

longifolia, Presl, 1838, (Pecopteris longi-
folia) in Sternb. Flora der Vorwelt,
Coal Meas. [Sig. long-leaved.]

macrophylla, Newberry, 1873, Ohio Pal.
vol. 1, Coal Meas. [Sig. long-leaved.]

marginata, Brongniart, 1828, (Neuropteris
marginata) Hist. Veg. Foss., Coal
Meas. [Sig. bordered.]

massillonis, Lesquereux, 1866, Geo. Sur.
111., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Ety. proper
name.]

maxima, Andrews, 1875, Ohio. Pal., vol.
2, Coal Meas. [Sig. the largest.]

PLANTS.

mazonana, Lesquereux, 1870, Geo. Sur.

111., vol. 4, Coal Meas. [Ety. proper

name.]
muricata, Brongniart, 1828, (Pecopteris

muricata) Hist. Veg. Foss., Coal Meas.

[Sig. armed with thorns.]
nervosa, Brongniart, 1828, (Pecopteris

nervosa) Hist. Veg. Foss., Coal Meas.

[Sig. full of nerves.]
ohscura, Lesquereux, 185 8, Geo. Sur.

Penn., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Ety. from

the ohscure nerves.]
oweni, Lesquereux, I860, Geo. Rep. Ark.,

vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name, j
pectinata, Lesquereux, 1866, Geo. Sur.

111., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. sloping

two ways, like a comb.]
pennsylvanica, Lesquereux, 1858, Geo.

Sur. Penn., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Ety.

proper name.]
perleyi, Hart, 1868, Acad. Geol., Devon-
ian. [Ety. proper name.]
pluckeneti, Schlotheim, 1820, (Filicites

pluckeneti) Petref., Coal Meas. [Ety.

proper name.]
preciosa, see Pecopteris preciosa.
pteroideg, Brongniart, 1828, (Pecopteris

pteroides) Hist. Veg. Foss., Coal Meas.

[Sig. wing-formed.]
rugosa, Lesquereux, 1858, Catal. Potts-

ville Foss., Coal Meas. [Sig. wrinkled.]
serlii, Brongniart, 1828, (Pecopteris ser-

lii) Hist. Veg. Foss.. Coal Meas. [Ety.

proper name.]
serrula, Lesquereux, 18 58, Geo. Sur.

Penn., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Ety. di-
minutive of serra, a saw.]
serrulata, see Pecopteris serrulata.
solida, Lesquereux, 1870, Geo. Sur. 111.,

vol. 4, Coal Meas. [Sig. solid.]
spinulosa, Lesquereux, 1870, Geo. Sur.

111., vol. 4. [Sig. full of little spines.]
stellata, Lesquereux, 1866, Geo. Sur. 111.,

vol. 2. [Sig. starred.]
taeniopteroidea, Bunbury, 18 47, Quar.

Jour. Geo. Soc, vol. 3, Coal Meas.

[Sig. like Tseniopteris.']
urophylla, Brongniart, 1828, (Pecopteris

urophylla) Hist. Veg. Foss., Coal

Meas. [Sig. sharp-leaved.]
Anarthrocanna, Goeppert, 1845, in Tchih.

Voy. [Ety. an, without ; arthros,

joint ; canna, a plant.]
perryana, Dawson, 1863, Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc, vol. 19, Devonian. [Ety. proper

name.]
Aneimitks, Dawson, 1861, Quar. Jour. Geol.

Soc, vol. 17 — A subgenus of Oychpteris.
acadim, see Cyclopteris acadica.
Annularia, Sternberg, 1822, Vers. Darst.

Flora der Vorwelt. [Ety. annulus, a

ring.] Wood, in 1860, proposed the

name Trochophyllum instead of An-
nularia, because the latter was pre-
occupied as a generic name in the

sub-kingdom Mollusca.
acuminata, Dawson, 1861, Can. Nat., vol.

6, Devonian. [Sig. sharp-pointed.]

calamitoidea, Schimper, 1869, Pal. Veget.,

Coal Meas. [Sig. like a Calamite.~\
dawsoni, Schimper, 1869, Palseontologie

Vegetale, Devonian. [Ety. proper

name.] Proposed for Asterophyllites

latifolius, of Dawson, because that

name was preoccupied,
equisetiformis, Lindley & Hutton, 1835,

Foss. Flora, vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Ety.

from the resemblance to Equisetum.']
fertilis, Sternb., 1824, Vers. Darst. Flora

der Vorwelt, Coal Meas. [Sig. fertile.]
inflata, Lesquereux, 1870, Geo. Sur. 111.,

vol. 4, Coal Meas. [Sig. inflated.]
laxa, Dawson, 1871, Foss. Plants Canada,

Devonian. [Sig. loose, open.]
longifolia, Brongniart, 1828, Prodrome

Hist. Veg. Foss., Coal Meas. [Ety.

longus, long; folium, a leaf.]
minuta, Brongniart, 1828, Prodr. Hist.

Veg. Foss., Coal Meas. [Sig. minute.]
sphenophylloides, Zenker, 1833, (Galium

sphenophylloides) in Leonh. v.

Bronn's Jahrb.,Coal Meas. [Ety. sjrfien,

a wedge; phyllon, a leaf; eidos, form.]
Antholithes, Brongniart, 1822, Mem. du

Mus. d'Hist. Nat., vol. 8. [Ety. anthos,

flower; lithos, stone.]
devonicus, Dawson, 1868, Acad. Geol.,

Devonian. [Ety. proper name.]
floridus, Dawson, 1871, Foss. Plants Can.,

Devonian. [Sig. full of flowers.]
priscus, Newberry, 1854, Ann. of Sci.,

vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. ancient.]
pygmeus, Dawson, 1863, Can. Nat., vol.

8, Coal Meas. [Sig. dwarfish.]
rhabdocarpus, Dawson, 1863, Can. Nat.,

vol. 8, Coal Meas. [Ety. rhabdos, a

rod; karpos, fruit.]
squamosus, Dawson, 1863, Can. Nat., vol.

8, Coal Meas. [Sig. scaly.]
spinosus, Dawson, 1868, Acad. Geol., Coal

Meas. [Sig. full of spines.]
Araucarites, Presl, 1838, in Sternberg, Vers.

Darst. Flora der Vorwelt. [Ety. arau-
carites, from Araucaria, a genus of large

trees growing in the Southern hemis-
phere, especially in Australia.]
gracilis, Dawson, 1863, Can. Nat., vol. 8,

Coal Meas. [Sig. slender.]
Arch^eopteris, Dawson, 1863, Can. Nat., vol.

8. [Ety. archaios, ancient ; pteris, fern. ]
acadica, Dawson, 1863, Can. Nat., vol. 8,

Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
harti, Dawson, 1863, Can. Nat., vol. 8,

Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
obtusa, Lesquei-eux, 1858, (Nceggerathia

obtusa) Geo. Sur. Penn., vol. 2, Devon-
ian. [Sig. obtuse.]
stricta, Andrews, 1875, Ohio Pal., vol. 2,

Coal Meas. [Sig. pressed together.]
Arthraria, Billings, 1874, Pal. Foss., vol. 2.

[Ety. arthron, a joint.]
antiquata, Billings, 1874, Pal. Foss., vol.

2, Potsdam Gr. [Sig. ancient.]
biclavata, S. A. Miller, 1875, Cin. Quar.

Jour. Sci., vol. 2, Cin'ti Gr. [Sig.

double-clubbed.]

PLANTS.

23

Arthrophycus, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol.

2. [Ety. arthron, a joint; phykos, a

sea plant.]
harlani, Conrad, 1838, (Fucoides harlani)

Ann. Rep. N. Y., Medina sandstone.

[Ety. proper name.]
Arthrostigma, Dawson, 1871, Foss. Plants

Canada. [Ety. arthron, a joint ; stigma,

a dot or puncture.]
gracile, Dawson, 1871, Foss. Plants Can.,

Devonian. [Sig. slender.]
Artisia, Sternberg, 1825, Vers. Darst. Flora

der Yorwelt. [Ety. proper name.]
transversa, Steinhaur, 1818, (Phytolithus

transversus) Trans. Am. Phil. Assoc,

Coal Meas. [Sig. transverse.]
Asplexites, Goeppert, 1836,Systema Filicum

Fossilium. [Ety. Asplenium, a genus

of ferns.]
ruber, Lesquereux, 1858, Geo. Sur. Penn.,

vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Ety. ruber, red.]
Asterocarpls, Goeppert, 1836, Syst. Fil. Foss.

[Ety. aster, a star ; karpos, fruit.]
grandis, Lesquereux, 1870, Geo. Sur. 111.,

vol. 4, Coal Meas. [Sig. great.]
sternbergi, Goeppert, 1836, Syst. Filic.

Foss., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
Asterophycts, Lesquereux, 1876, 7th Ann.

Rep. Geol. Sur. Ind. [Ety. aster, a star;

phykos, a sea weed.]
coxi, Lesquereux, 1876, 7th Ann. Rep.

Geol. Sur. Ind., Low. Carb. & Coal

Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
Asterophyli.ites^ Brongniart, 1828, Prodr.

Hist. Veg. Foss. [Ety. aster, a star;

phyllon, a leaf.]
acicularis, Dawson, 1862, Quar. Jour.Geol.

Soc, vol. 18, Devonian. [Sig. full of

small pins.]
apertus, Lesquereux, 1858,Geo.Sur.Penn.,

vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Ety. from opening

between leaves and stem.]
brardi, Brongniart, 1828, Prodr. Hist. Veg.

Foss., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
crassicaulis, Lesquereux, 1858, Geo. Sur.

Penn., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Ety. crassus,

thick ; caulis, a stem.]
curia, see Bechera curta.
equisetiformis, Schlotheim, 1824, in Vers.

Darst. Flora der Vorwelt, Coal Meas.

[Ety. like unto Equisetum.~\
erectifolius, Andrews, 1875, Ohio Pal.,

vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. leaves erect.]
foliosus, Lindley & Hutton, 1833, Foss.

Flora, Coal Meas. [Sig. full of leaves.]
gracilis, Lesquereux, 1860, Geo. Sur.Ark.,

vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. slender.]
grandis, Lindley & Hutton, 1833, Foss.

Flora, Coal Meas. [Sig. great.]
lanceolatus, Lesquereux, 1858, Geo. Sur.

Penn., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Ety. from

the lanceolate point of the leaf.]
latifolius, Dawson, 1862, Quar. Jour. Geol.

Soc, vol. 18, see Annularia dawsoni.
laxus, Dawson, 1868, Acad. Geol., Devon-
ian. [Sig. loose.]
lentus, Dawson, 1871, Foss. Plants Can.,

Devonian. [Sig. pliant, tough.]

longifolius, Brongniart, 1828, Prodr. Hist.

Veg. Foss., Coal Meas. [Sig. long-
leaved.]
minutus, Andrews, 1875, Ohio Pal., vol.

2, Coal Meas. [Sig. small.]
ovalis, Lesquereux, 1858, Geo. Sur. Penn.,

vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Ety. from the

oval nuts.]
parvulus, Dawson, 1862, Quar. Jour. Geol.

Soc, vol. 18, Devonian. [Sig. small.]
rigidus, Brongniart, 1828, Prodr. Hist.

Veg. Foss., Coal Meas. [Sig. rigid.]
scutigerus, Dawson, 1862, Quar. Jour.

Geol. Soc, vol. 18, Devonian. [Sig.

shield-bearing.]
sublaivis, Lesquereux, 1858, Geo. Sur.

Penn., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. nearly

smooth.]
trinervis, Dawson, 1863, Can. Nat., vol. 8,

Coal Meas. [Sig. three-veined.]
tuberculatus, Brongniart, 1828, Prodr.

Hist. Veg. Foss., Coal Meas. [Sig.

covered with tubercles.]
Bechera, Sternberg, 1824, Vers. Darst. Flora

der Vorwelt. [Ety. proper name.]

Becheria would be better orthography,
curta, Dawson, 1868, Acad. Geol., Coal

Meas. [Sig. short.]
grandis, Bunbury, 1847, Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc, vol. 3, Coal Meas. [Sig. great.]
tenuis, Bunbury, 1846, Am. Jour. Sci.,

2d series, vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig.

thin, slender.]
Beixertia, Goeppert, 1836, Syst. Filic Foss.

[Ety. proper name.]
gcepperti, Dawson, 1863, Can. Nat., vol. 8,

Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
Brachyphyllum, Brongniart, 1828, Prodr.

Hist. Veg. Foss. [Ety. brachys, short;

phyllon, a leaf.]
obtusum, Lesquereux, 1858, Geo. Sur.

Penn., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. obtuse.]
Buthotrepiiis, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,

[Sig. growing in the depths of the sea.]
antiquata, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,

Calcif. Gr. [Sig. ancient.]
(?) csespitosa, Hall, 1850, 3rd Reg. Rep.,

Trenton Gr. [Sig. turf-like.]
flexuosa. Emmons, 1844, (Fucoides flex-

uosa) Tac Syst., Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig.

crooked.]
gracilis, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1, Tren-
ton to Clinton Gr. [Sig. slender.]
gracilis var. crassa, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y.,

vol. 2, Clinton Gr. [Ety. crassus, thick.]
gracilis var. intermedia, Hall, 1852, Pal.

N. Y., vol. 2, Trenton to Clinton Gr.

[Ety. intermediate in size between the

gracilis and crassa.']
impudica, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,

Clinton Gr. [Sig. shameless, immod-
est.]
lesquereuxi, Grote & Pitt, 1876, Buff. Soc.

Nat. Hist., Water Lime Gr. [Ety.

proper name.] ,

palmata, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,

Clinton Gr. [Sig. palmate, having lobes

like the fingers of the hand.]

24

PLANTS.

ramosa, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,
Clinton Gr. [Sig. branching.]

ramulosa, S. A. Miller, 1874, Cin. Quar.
Jour. Sci., Cin'ti Gr. [Sig. full of little
branches.]

subnodosa, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,
Hud.Riv.Gr. [Sig. somewhat nodose.]

succulens, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,
Trenton Gr. [Ety. succulens, sappy,
from the succulent stems.]
Calamites, Guettard, 1751, Mem. Ac. Sci.
Paris, [Ety. calamus, a reed.]

approximate," Schlotheim, 1820, Petre-
factenkunde, Coal Meas. [Ety. from
the closeness of the joints.]

arenaceus, Jager, 1827, Pflanzen-Verst-
einerungen, Coal Meas. [Sig. sandy.]

bistriatus, Lesquereux, 1858, Geo. Sur.
Penn., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. double-
striated.] This name was preoccu-
pied bv Sternberg.

cannEeformis, Schlotheim, 1820, Petrefac-
tenkunde, Coal Meas. [Sig. like the
plant, canna.} t

cisti, Brongniart, 1828, Hist. Veg. Foss.,
Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]

cruciatus, Sternberg, 1824, Vers. Darst.
Flora der Vorwelt, Coal Meas. [Sig.
cross-shaped.]

decoratus, Steinhaur, 1818, (Phytolithus
decoratus) Trans. Am. Phil. Assoc,
Coal Meas. [Sig. ornamented.]

disjunctus, Lesquereux, 1858, Geo. Sur.
Penn., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. sepa-
rated into joints.]

dubius, Artis, 1838, Antedil. Phytology,
Coal Meas. [Sig. doubtful.]

gigas, Brongniart, 1828, Hist. Veg. Foss.,
Coal Meas. [Sig. large.]

gracilis, Lesquereux, 1861, Geo. Sur. Ky.,
vol. 4, Coal Meas. [Sig. slender.]

inornatus, Dawson, 1862, Quar. Jour.
Geo. Soc, vol. 18, Devonian. [Sig.
unadorned.]

nodosus, Schlotheim, 1820, Petrefacten-
kunde, Coal Meas. [Sig. knotty, knob-
bed.]

nova-scoticus, Dawson, 1863, Can. Nat. &
Geol., vol. 8, Coal Meas. [Ety. proper
name.]

pachyderma, Brongniart, 1828, Hist. Veg.
Foss., Coal Meas. [Sig. thick-barked.]

ramosus, Artis, 1838, Antedil. Phytology,
Coal Meas. [Sig. branching.]

suckovi, Brongniart, 1828, Hist.Veg.Foss.,
Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]

sulcatus, Martin, 1809, (Phytolithus sul-
catus) Petrif. Derb., Coal Meas. [Sig.
furrowed.]

tramitionis, Dawson, 1861, Can. Nat. &
Geol., Devonian. [Sig. going across,
passage.] This name was preoccupied
by Gceppert in 1834.

undulatus, Sternberg, 1824, Vers. Darst.
Flora der Vorelt, Coal Meas. [Sig.
wavy*.]

voltzi, Brongniart, 1828, Hist. Veg. Foss.,
Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]

Calamodendron, Binney, 1868, Observ. on

the Struct, of Foss. Plants, etc. [Ety.

calamus, a reed ; dendron, a tree.]
antiquum, Dawson, 1871, Foss. Plants

Canada, Devonian. [Sig. ancient.]
obscurum, Dawson, 1863, Can. Nat., vol.

8, Coal Meas. [Sig. obscure, hidden.]
tenuistriatum, Dawson, 1871, Foss. Plants

Canada, Devonian. [Sig. fine-lined.]
Calamocladus, Schimper, 1869, Palseontolo-

gie Vegetale. Proposed to include As-

terophyllites equisetiformis, A. foliosus, A,

longifolius, A. rigidus & Bechera grandis,
Callipter'is, Brongniart, 1828,Tabl. desVeg.

Foss. (Ety. kalhs, beautiful ; pteris, a

fern.]
sullivanti, Lesquereux, 1858, Geo. Sur.

Penn., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Ety. proper

name.]
Cardiocakpon, Brongniart, 1828, Prodr. Hist.

Veg. Foss. [Ety. kardia, a heart;.

karpos, fruit.]
affine, Lesquereux, 1860, Geo. of Ark.,

Coal Meas. [Sig. near to.]
annulatum, Newberry, 1853, Ann. of Sci.,.

vol. 1, Coal Meas. [Sig. ringed.]
baileyi, Dawson, 1868, Acad. Geol., Devo-
nian, Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name,
bicuspidatum, Sternberg, 1820, (Carpo-

lithes bicuspidatus) Flora der Vorwelt,

Coal Meas. [Sig. double-pointed.]
bisectum, Dawson, 1863, Can. Nat. &

Geol., vol. 8, Coal Meas. [Sig. divided.]
cornutum, Dawson, 1862, Quar. Jour.Geo.

Soc, vol. 18, Devonian. [Sig. horned.]
crampi, Hartt, 1868, Acad. Geol., Devon-
ian. [Ety. proper name.]
elongatum, Newberry, 1853, Ann. of Sci.,

vol. 1, Coal Meas. [Sig. lengthened.]
fluitans, Dawson, 1863, Can. Nat. & Geo.,

vol. 8, Coal Meas. [Sig. floating.]
ingens, Lesquereux, 1860, Geo. of Ark.,

Coal Meas. [Sig. huge, large.]
latum, Newberry, 1853, Ann. of Sci., voL

1, Coal Meas. [Sig. broad.]
marginatum, Artis, 18 38, Antedil.

Phytol., Coal Meas. [Sig. margined.]
minus, Newberry, 1853, Ann. of Sci., vol.

1, Coal Meas. [Sig. less.]
newberryi, Andrews* 1875, Ohio Pal., vol.

2, Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
obliquum, Dawson, 1862, Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc, vol. 18, Devonian. [Sig. oblique.]
orbiculare, Newberry, 1853, Ann. of Sci.,

vol. 1, Coal Meas. [Sig. orbicular.]
ovale, Dawson, 1871, Foss. Plants Can.,

Devonian. [Sig. egg-shaped.]
plicatum, Lesquereux. 1858, Geo. Sur.

Penn., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. plaited.]
punctatum, Gceppert, 1836, Syst. Filic

Foss., Coal Meas. [Sig. punctate.]
retusum, Sternberg, 1820, (Carpolithes

retusus) Flora der Vorwelt, Coal Meas.

[Sig. blunt.]
samarseforme, Newberry, 1853, Ann. Sci.,

vol. 1, Coal Meas. [Sig. like elm seed.]
tenellum, Dawson, 1873, Rep. Foss.Plants,

Low. Carb. [Sig. delicate.]

PLANTS.

25

trevortoni, Lesquereux, 1858, Geo. Sur,
Penn., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Ety. proper
name.]
Carpolitiies, Schlotheim, 1820, Petrefacten-

kunde. [Ety. karpos, fruit; lithos,

stone.]
bicuspidatus, see Cardiocarpon bicuspi-

dutum.
bifidus, Lesquereux, 1858, Geo. Sur.

Penn., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. bifid,

cloven.]
bullatus, Lesquereux, 1870, Geo. Sur. 111.,

vol. 4, Coal Meas. [Sig. studded with

knobs.]
cistula, Lesquereux, 1866, Geo. Sur. 111.,

vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. a little chest

or coffer.]
clavalus. see Rhabdocarpus clavatus.
compactus, Dawson, 1871, Foss. Plants

Canada, Devonian. [Sig. compact.]
corticosus, Lesquereux, 1870, Geo. Sur.

111., vol. 4, Coal Meas. [Sig. having

thick bark.]
disjunctus, Lesquereux, 1858, Geo. Sur.

Penn., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. sepa-
rated.]
fascU-ulatus, Lesquereux, 1866, Geo. Sur.

111., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. a small

bundle.]
fragarioides, Newberry, 1873, Ohio Pal.,

vol. 1, Coal Meas. [Sig. resembling a

strawberry.]
jacksonensis, Lesquereux, 1866, Geo. Sur.

111., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Ety. proper

name.]
limatus, Dawson, 1863, Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc, vol. 19, Devonian. [Sig. elegant.]
multistriatus, Presl, 1833, in Sternberg

Flora der Vorwelt, Coal Meas. [Sig.

many-lined.]
persicaria, Lesquereux, 1870, Geo. Sur.

111., vol. 4, Coal Meas. [Ety. Persicaria,

an existing genus of plants.]
platimarginatus, Lesquereux, 1860, Geo.

Sur. Ark., Coal Meas. [Sig. flat-mar-
gined.]
retwus, see Cardiocarpon retusum.
siliqua, Dawson, 1863, Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc, vol. 19, Devonian. [Sig. a pod.]
spicatus, Dawson, 1863, Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc, vol. 19, Devonian. [Sig. spiked.]
trilocularis, see Trigonocarpon triloculare,
umbonatus, Sternberg, 1820, Vers. Darst.

Flora der Vorwelt, Coal Meas. [Sig.

having a shield.]
vesicularis, Lesquereux, 1870, Geo. Sur.

111., vol. 4, Coal Meas. [Sig. bladder-
like.]
Caulerpites, Sternb, 1833, Vers. Darst.

Flora der Vorwelt. [Ety. kaulos, stem ;

erpo, to creep.]
marginatus, Lesquereux, 1866, Am. Phil.

Soc, vol. 13,Coal Meas. [Sig. bordered.]
Caulopteris, Lindley & Hutton, 1833, Foss.

Flora. [Ety. kaulos, stem ; pteris, iem."]
acanthophora, Lesquereux, 1870, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 4, Coal Meas. [Sig. thorn-
bearing.]

antiqua, Newberry, 1871, Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc, vol. 27, Devonian. [Sig. ancient.]
cisti, Brongniart, 1828, (Sigillaria cisti)

Prodr. Hist. Veg. Foss., Coal Meas.

[Ety. proper name.]
gigantea, Lesquereux, 1858, Geo. Sur.

Penn., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. large]
insignis, Lesquereux, 1866, Geo. Sur. 111.,

vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. remarkable.]
intermedia, Lesquereux, 1870, Geo. Sur.

111., vol. 4, Coal Meas. [Sig. intermedi-
ate between Sigillaria macrodiscus and

Caulopteris cisti.]
lockwoodi, Dawson, 1871, Quar. Jour.Geo.

Soc, vol. 27, Devonian. [Ety. proper

name.]
obtecta, Lesquereux, 1870, Geo. Sur. 111.,

vol. 4, Coal Meas. [Sig. covered.]
peregrina, Newberry, 1871, Quar. Jour.

Geo. Soc, vol. 27, Devonian. [Sig.

foreign, strange.]
punctata, Lesquereux, 1858, Geo. Sur.

Penn., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. dotted.]

The name was preoccupied by Gcep-

pert in 1836.
wortheni, Lesquereux, 1866, Geo. Sur.

111., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Ety. proper

name.]
Chondrites, Sternberg, 1833, Vers. Darst.

Flora der Vorwelt. [Ety. from its

resemblance to Chondrus crispus, or

Irish moss.]
antiquus, Brongniart, 1828, (Fucoides an-

tiquiis) Hist. Veg. Foss., Devonian.

[Sig. ancient.]
colletti, Lesquereux, 1870, Geo. Sur. 111.,

vol. 4, Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
targioni, Brongniart, 1828, {Fucoides targi-

oni) Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
Conostichus, Lesquereux, 1876, 7th Ann.

Rep. Geo. Sur. Ind. [Ety. konos, a

cone; sticJws, a row.]
ornatus, Lesquereux, 1876, 7th Ann. Rep.

Geo. Sur. Ind., Coal Meas. [Sig.

adorned.]
Cordaites, Unger, 1850, Gen. et. sp., p. 277.

[Ety. proper name.]
angustifolius, Dawson, 1861,Can.Nat.,vol.

6, Ham. Gr. [Sig. narrow-leaved.]
angustifolius, Lesquereux, 1870, Geo. Sur.

111., vol. 4, Coal Meas. The name was

preoccupied,
borassifolius, Sternberg, 1820,(Flabellaria

borassifolia) Vers. Darst. Flora der

Vorwelt, Coal Meas. [Ety. leaved

like Borassus.~]
flexuosus, Dawson, 1863, Quar. Jour.Geo.

Soc, vol. 19, Devonian. [Sig. winding,

full of turns.]
robbi, Dawson, 1861, Can. Nat., vol. 6,

Ham. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
simplex, Dawson, 1863, Can. Nat., vol. 8,

Coal Meas. [Sig. simple.]
Crematopteris, Schimper, 1865, Monograph,

Foss. Plants. [Sig. hanging-fern.]
pennsylvanica, Lesquereux, 1858, Geo.

Sur. Penn., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Ety.

proper name.]

26

PLANTS.

Cruziana, D'Orbigny, 1842, Geo. du Voy.

Amer. [FAy. proper name.]
linnarrsoni, White, 1874, Rep. Invert.

Foss., Potsdam Gr. [Ety. propername.]
rustica, White, 1874, Rep. Invert. Foss.,

Potsdam Gr. [Sig. plain, simple.]
similis, Billings, 1874, Pal. Foss., vol. 2,

Potsdam Gr. [Sig. like in aspect.]
Cyclopteris, Brongniart, 1828, Prodr. Hist.

Veg. Foss. [Ety. kuklos, a circle ; pteris,

a fern.]
acadica, Dawson, 1861, Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc, vol. 17, Coal Meas. [Ety. proper

name.]
alleghaniensis, Meek, 1876, Desc. Foss.

Plants Va., Ponent or Vespertine Gr.,

near base of Low. Carb. [Ety. proper

name.]
antiqua, Dawson, 1863, Can. Nat. & Geo.,

vol. 8, Coal Meas. [Sig. ancient.]
browni, Dawson, 1862, Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc, vol. 18, Devonian. [Ety. proper

name.]
bockschi, Goeppert, 1836, (Adiantites

bochschii) Syst. Filic. Foss. See Noeg-

gerathia bockschi.
crispa, Germ. & Kaulf, 1831, (Filicites

crispa) Nova. Acta. Acad., vol. 15,

Coal Meas. [Sig. wavy.]
elegans, Lesquereux, 1858, Geo. Sur.

Penn.,vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. elegant.]
fimbriata, see Neuropteris fimbriata.
flabellata, Brongniart, 1828, Prodr. Hist.

Veg. Foss., Coal Meas. [Sig. like a

fan.]
germari, Gutbier, 1835, Verst. Zwick.

Schwarzk., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper

name.]
hallana, Gceppert, 1836, Syst. Filic. Foss.,

Chemung Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
hispida, Dawson, 1863, Can. Nat. & Geol.,

vol. 8, Coal Meas. [Sig. rough, hairy.]
hirsuta, Lesquereux, 1858,Geo.Sur.Penn.,

vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. hairy.]
incerta, Dawson, 1862, Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc.,vol. 18, Ham.Gr. [Sig. uncertain.]
jacksoni, Dawson, 1861, Can. Nat., vol. 6,

Catskill Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
laciniata, Lesquereux, 1858, Geo. Sur.

Penn.,vol. 2,Coal Meas. [Sig. fringed.]
lescuriana, Meek, 1876, Desc. Foss. Plants

Va., Ponent or Vespertine Gr., near

base of Low. Carb. [Ety. proper name.]
oblata, Lindley & Hutton, 1837, Foss.

Flora, vol. 3, Coal Meas. [Sig. oblate.]

obliqua, Brongniart, 1828, Prodr. Hist.

Veg. Foss., Coal Meas. [Sig. oblique.]

obtusa, Lesquereux, 1858, (Nceggerathia

obtusa) Geo. Sur. Penn., vol. 2, Devo-
nian. See Archseopteris obtusa.
orbicularis, Brongniart, 1828, Prodr. Hist.

Veg.Foss.,Coal Meas. [Sig. orbicular.]
rogersi, Dawson, 1863, Quar. Jour. Geol.

Soc, vol. 19, Devonian. [Ety. proper

name.]
trichomanoides, Brongniart, 1828, Hist.

Veg. Foss., Coal Meas. [Ety. Trichom-

anes, the maiden-hair fern; ados, form.]

undans, Lesquereux, 1858, Geo. Sur.

Penn., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. waved.]
valida, Dawson, 1862,Quar. Jour.Geo.Soc,

vol. 18, Devonian. [Sig. sound, strong.]
varia, Dawson, 1862, Quar. Jour.Geo. Soc,

vol. 18, Devonian. [Sig. changing.]
virginiana, Meek, 1876, Desc. Foss. Plants

Va., Ponent or Vespertine Gr., near

base of Low.Carb. [Ety. proper name.]
wilsoni, Wood, 1860, Proc Acad. Nat. Sci.,

Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
Cyclostigma, Haughton, 1860, Ann. & Mag.

Nat. Hist., 3d series, vol. 5. [Ety. kuklos,

a circle ; stigma, a dot or puncture.]
densifolium, Dawson, 1871, Foss. Plants

Can., Devonian. [Sig. dense-leaved.]
Dadoxylon, Endlicher, 1840, Syn. Con.

[Sig. pine or torch- wood.]
acadianum, Dawson, 1863, Can. Nat., vol.

8, Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
annulatum, Dawson, 1863, Can. Nat., vol.

8, Coal Meas. [Sig. annulated.]
antiquum, Dawson, 1863, Can. Nat., vol. 8,

Coal Meas. [Sig. ancient.]
halli, Dawson, 1862, Quar. Jour. Geo. Soc,

vol. 18, Ham. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
materiarium, Dawson, 1863, Can. Nat.,

vol. 8, Up. Coal Meas. [Sig. belonging

to wood.]
newberryi, Dawson, 1871, Foss. Plants

Can., Devonian. [Ety. proper name.]
ouangondianum, Dawson, 1861, Can. Nat.,

vol. 6, Devonian. [Ety. proper name.]
Dan.eites, Goeppert, 1836, Syst. Filic. Foss.

[Ety. proper name.]
asplenioides var. major, Bunbury, 1846,

Quar. Jour. Geol. Soc, vol. 2, Coal

Meas. [Sig. large.]
Dictyolites, see Dictyophyton.

becki, see Dictyophyton becki.
Dictyophyton, Hall, 1863, 16th Reg. Rep.

[Ety. dictyon, a net; phyton, a plant.]
annulatum, Hall, 1863, 16th Reg. Rep.,

Chemung Gr. [Sig. ringed.]
becki, Conradi, 1837,(Lithodictuon becki)

Ann. Rep. N. Y., Medina sandstone.

[Ety. proper name.]
conradi, Hall, 1863, 16th Reg. Rep., Che-
mung Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
fenestratum, Hall, 1863, 16th Reg. Rep.,

Chemung Gr. [Sig. reticulated.]
filitextile, Hall, 1863, 16th Reg. Rep., Che-
mung Gr. [Sig. woven like threads.]
newberryi, Hall, 1863, 16th Reg. Rep.,

Portage Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
nodosum, Hall, 1863, 16th Reg. Rep.,

Chemung Gr. [Sig. knotted.]
redfieldi, Hall, 1863, 16th Reg. Rep.,

Portage Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
rude, Hall, 1863, 16th Rep. Rep., Chemung

Gr. [Sig. rude.]
tuberosum, Conrad, 1842, (Hydnoceras

tuberosum) Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil.,

vol. 8, Chemung Gr. [Sig. composed

of tuber-like parts.]
Dictyopteris, Gutbier, 1835, Verst. Zwick.

Schwarzk. [Ety. dictyon, a net ; pteris,

a fern.]

PLANTS.

27

neuropteroidea, Gutbier, 1852,Verst. Stein

Sachs., Coal Meas. [Sig. like Neurop-

teris.]
obliqua, Bunbury, 1847, Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc.,vol. 3, Coal Meas. [Sig. oblique.]
rubella, Lesquereux, 1870, Geo. Sur. 111.,

vol. 4,Coal Meas. [Sig. somewhat red.]
Didvmophyllum, Gceppert, 1841, Gatt. der

Foss. Pflanzen. [Ety. didymos, double ;

phyllon, a leaf.]
reniforme, Dawson, 1862, Quar. Jour.Geo.

Soc, vol. 18, Ham. Gr. [Sig. kidney-
shaped.] [nata.
Diplazites emarginatus see Pecopteris emargi-
Diplostegium, Corda, 1845, Beitrage zur

Flora derVorwelt. [Ety. diplos, double;

stege, a covering.]
brownanum, Corda, 1845, Beitrage zur

Flora der Vorwelt, Coal Meas. [Ety.

proper name.]
retusum, Dawson, 18G3, Can. Nat., vol.

8, Coal Meas. [Sig. turned back.]
trnncatum, Lesquereux, 1860, Geo. Sur.

Ark., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. trun-
cated, cut off.]
Eophyton, Torell. [Ety. eos, dawn ; phyton,

a plant.]
jukesi, Billings, 1874, Pal. Foss., vol. 2,

Potsdam Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
linnseanum (?) Torell, Potsdam Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
explanatum, Dawson, 1870, Can. Nat. &

Geol., Low. Arenig rocks. [Sig. spread

out.]
Equisetites, Sternberg, 1833, Vers. Darst.

Flora der Vorwelt. [Ety. Equus, a horse;

seta, a hair or bristle ; in allusion to

the resemblance 'to a horse-tail.]
columnaris, Brongniart, 1828, (Equisetum

columnaris) Hist. Veg. Foss., Coal

Meas. [Sig. columnar.]
curtus, Dawson, 1863, Syn. Carb. Flora in

Can. Nat.,vol. 8,Coal Meas. [Sig. short.]
occidentalis, Lesquereux, 1870, Geo. Sur.

111., vol. 4, Coal Meas. [Sig. western.]
stellifolius, Harlan, 1835, (Equisetum

stellifolium) Trans. Geo. Soc. Penn.,

Coal Meas. [Ety. Stella, a star, and

folium, a leaf; in allusion to the

whorled leaves.]
Equisetum, see Equisetites.

columnare, see Equisetites columnaris.

stellifolium, see Equisetites stellifolius.

Eremopteris, Schimper, 1869, Traite de

Palpeontologie Vegetale. [Ety. eremos,

solitary ; pteris, a fern.]
artemisisefolia, Sternberg, 1824, (Sphen-

opteris artemisiaifolia) Vers. Darst.

Flora der Vorwelt, Coal Meas. [Sig.

leaved like the plant Artemisia.]
marginata, Andrews, 1875, Ohio Pal., vol.

2, Coal Meas. [Sig. bordered.]

Filiciks crispa, see Cyclopteris crispa.

lonchiticus, see Alethopteris lonchitidis.

pennseformis, see Pecopteris pennseformis.

pluckeneti, see Alethopteris pluckeneti.

Flabellaria boi-assifolia, see Cordaites boras-

sifolius.

Fucoides, Brongniart, 1822, in Memoires de

la Soc. d'Hist. Nat. de Paris. [Ety.

funis, sea weed; eidos, form.]
alleghanensis, Harlan, 1830,' Jour. Acad.

Nat. ScL, vol. 6, Carb. See Harlania

halli.
auriformis, Hall, 1843, Geo. Rep. 4th Dist.

N. Y., Medina and Clinton Gr. Prof.

Hall says, in 1852, that this can

scarcely be referred to the organic

remains.
bilobata, see Rusophycus bilobatus.
brongniarti, see Harlania halli.
cauda-galli, see Spirophyton cauda-galli.
demissus,Conr&d, 1838, probably Phytopsis

tubulosa.
dentatus, M. Brongniart, see Diplograptus

pristiniformis.
flexuosa, see Buthotrephis flexuosa.
gracilis, see Buthotrephis gracilis.
graphica, Hall, 1843, Geo. Rep. 4th Dist.

N. Y., Portage Gr. [Sig. written.]
harlani, see Arthrophycus harlani.
Iieterophyttus, Hall, 1843, Geo. Rep. 4th

Dist. N. Y., Medina and Clinton Gr.

Not likely the remains of an organic

substance.
retort, Vanuxem, 1843, Geo. Rep. 3rd Dist.

N. Y., Portage Gr. [Sig. a retort.]
rigidus, syn. for Buthotrephis flexuosa.
secalinus, see Graptolithus and Diplograp-
tus secalinus.
serra, Brongniart, see Graptolithus bryon-

oides.
simplex, Emmons, see Graptolithus and

Diplograptus secalinus.
velum, see Spirophyton velum.
verticals, Hall, 1843, Geo. Rep. 4th Dist.

N. Y., Portage Gr. [Sig. vertical.]
Galium sphenophylloides,see Annularia sphen-

ophylloides.
Gordia marina, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1.

Not the remains of any organic form ;

it is described as a track, see Helmin-

thoidichnites.
Halonia, Lindley & Hutton, 1835, Foss.,

Flora. [Ety. from its close affinity

with Halonia.']
pulchella, Lesquereux, 1860, Geo. Sur.

Ark. ,vol. 2,Coal Meas. [Sig. beautiful.]
tuberculata, Brongniart, 1828, Hist. Veg.

Foss., Coal Meas. [Sig. tuberculated.]
Harlania, Gceppert, 1852, Foss. Flora des

Ueberg. [Ety. proper name.] Syn.

for Arthrophycus.
halli, Gceppert, 1852, Foss. Flora des

Ueberg, (Fucoides alleghaniensis, F.

brongniarti, and F. harlani) Medina

Gr. to Low. Carb. [Ety. proper name.]

Syn. for Arthrophycus harlani.
Hippodophycus, Hall, 1872, 24th Reg. Rep.

[Ety. hippodos, horse-foot; phukos, a

sea plant.]
cowlesi, Hall, 1872, 24th Reg. Rep., Che-
mung Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Hymenophyllites, Gceppert, 1836, Syst.

Filic. Foss. [Ety. hymen, a membrane ;

phyllon, a leaf.]

28

PLANTS.

adnascens, Lindley & Hutton, 1835, Foss.
Flora, vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. grow-
ing upon.]

alatus, Brongniart, 1828, Hist. Veg. Foss.
(Sphenopteris alata) Coal Meas. [Sig.
winged.]

aflinis, Lesquereux, 1858, Geo. Sur. Penn.,
vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. near to.]

arborescens, Lesquereux, 1870, Geo. Sur.
111., vol. 4, Coal Meas. [Sig. branch-
ing like a tree.]

ballantini, Andrews, 1875, Ohio Pal., vol.
2, Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]

capillaris, Lesquereux, 1858, Geo. Sur.
Penn., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Ety. capillus,
hair.]

clarki, Lesquereux, 1866, Geo. Sur., 111.,
vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]

curtilobus, Dawson, 1862, Quar. Jour.
Geo!. Soc, vol. 18, Devonian. [Sig.
short-lobed.]

delicatulus, Brongniart, 1828, Hist. Veg.
Foss., Coal Meas. [Sig. delicate.]

fimbriatus, Lesquereux, 1858, Geo. Sur.
Penn., vol. 2,Coal Meas. [Sig. fringed.]

flexicaulis, Lesquereux, 1860, Geo. Sur.
Ark., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. flexible.]

furcatus, Brongniart, 1828, (Sphenopteris
furcata) Hist. Veg. Foss., Coal Meas.
[Sig. forked.]

gersdorfi, Gceppert, 1836, Syst. Filic.
Foss. Devonian. [Ety. proper name.]

giganteus, see Hymenophyllites lactuca.

gutbieranus, Unger, 1850, Gen. et. sp.,
Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]

hildrethi, Lesquereux, 1861, Geo. Sur. Ky.,
vol. 4, Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]

inflai|is, Lesquereux, 1870, Geo. Sur. 111.,
vol. 4, Coal Meas. [Sig. inflated.]

lactuca, Sternberg, 1833, (Schizopteris
lactuca) Vers. Darst. Flora der Vor-
welt, Coal Meas. [Sig. the plant
Lettuce.]

mollis, Lesquereux, 1870, Geo. Sur. 111.,
vol. 4, Coal Meas. [Sig. flexible.]

myriophyllus, Brongniart, 1828, (Sphen-
opteris myriophylla) Prodr. Hist.
Veg. Foss., Coal Meas. [Sig. many-
leaved.]

pentadactylus, Dawson, 1863, Can. Nat. &
Geol., vol. 8, Coal Meas. [Sig. five-
fingered.]

pinnatifidus, Lesquereux, 1866, Geo. Sur.
111., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Ety. pinnatus,
winged; fidus, cleft.]

schlotheimi, Brongniart, 1828, (Sphenop-
teris schlotheimi) Hist. Veg. Foss.,
Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]

spinosus, Gceppert, 1841, (Sphenopteris
spinosa) Gatt. Foss. Pflanzen, Coal
Meas. [Sig. spiny.]

splendens, Lesquereux, 1870, Geo. Sur.
111., vol. 4, Coal Meas. [Sig. splendid.]

strongi, Lesquereux, 1870, Geo. Sur. 111.,
vol. 4, Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]

subfurcatus, Dawson, 1868, Acad. Geol.,
Devonian. [Ety. from resemblance to
H. furcatus.]

tenuifolius, Brongniart, 1828, (Sphenop-
teris tenuifolia) Hist. Veg. Foss., Coal

Meas. [Sig slender-leaved.]
thallyformis, Lesquereux, 1870, Geo. Sur.

111., vol. 4, Coal Meas. [Sig. frond-like.]
trichomanoides, Brongniart, 1828,(Sphen-

opteris trichomanoides) Hist. Veg.

Foss., Coal Meas. [Ety. from resem-
blance to Trichomanes, or maiden-
hair.]
tridactylites, Brongniart, 1828, (Sphenop-
teris tridactylites) Hist. Veg. Foss.,

Coal Meas. [Sig. three-fingered.]
Ichnophycus, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2.

[Ety. ichnos, a foot print; phukos, a

sea weed.]
tridactylus, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,

Clinton Gr. [Sig. three-fingered.]
Knorria, Sternberg, 1825, Vers. Darst.

Flora der Vorwelt. [Ety. proper

name.]
imbricata, Sternberg, 1825, Vers. Darst.

Flora der Vorwelt, Chester Gr. [Sig.

imbricated.]
selloni, Sternberg, 1825, Vers. Darst.

Flora der Vorwelt, Coal Meas. [Ety.

proper name.]
taxina, Lindley & Hutton, 1833-5, Foss.

Flora, Coal Meas. [Sig. like the Yew

tree.]
Lepidodendron, Sternberg, 1821, Vers. Darst.

Flora der Vorwelt. [Ety. lepis, a scale ;

dmdron, a tree.]
aculeatum, Sternberg, 1825, Vers. Darst.

Flora der Vorwelt, Coal Meas. [Sig.

very sharp or needle-like.]
binerve, Bunbury, 1847, Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc, vol. 3, Coal Meas. [Sig. double

nerved.]
bordae, Wood, 1860, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.,

Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
carinatum, Lesquereux, 1858, Geo. Sur.

Penn., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. the

margins of the scars are keeled.]
chemungense, Hall, 1843, Geo. Rep. 4th

Dist. N. Y., Chemung Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
chilallceum, Wood, 1860, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci., Coal Meas. [Ety. chilos, fodder ;

alloios, of another kind.]
clypeatum, Lesquereux, 1858, Geo. Sur.

Penn., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. a shield.]
conicum, Lesquereux, 1858, Geo. Sur.

Penn., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Ety. from

the conical scars.]
corrugatum, Dawson, 1862, Quar. Jour.

Geo. Soc, vol. 18, Devonian and Low.

Carb. [Sig. corrugated.]
costatum, Lesquereux, 1866, Geo. Sur.

111., vol. 2, Chester Gr. [Sig. ribbed.]
crenatum, Sternberg, 1820, Vers. Darst,

Flora der Vorwelt, Coal Meas. [Sig.

crenate.]
cruciatum, Lesquereux, 1870, Geo. Sur.

111., vol. 4, Coal Meas. [Sig. tormented,

twisted.]
decurtatum, Dawson, 1863, Can. Nat.,

vol. 8, Coal Meas. [Sig. curtailed.]

PLANTS.

29

dichotomum, Sternberg, 1820, Vers. Darst.

Flora der Vorwelt, Coal Meas. [Sig.

dividing into two.]
dikrocheilmn, Wood, 1860, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci., Coal Meas. [Ety. two-edged.]
dilatatum, Lindley & Hutton, 1833, Foss.

Flora, Coal Meas. [Sig. widened.]
diplostegiodes, Lesquereux, 1860, Geo.

Sur. Ark., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. re-
sembling DipIostegium.~]
distans, Lesquereux, 1858, Geo. Sur.

Penn., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Ety. from

the distant scars.]
elegans, Brongniart, 1828, Hist. Veg. Foss.,

Coal Meas. [Sig. elegant.]
forulatum, Lesquereux, 1870, Geo. Sur.

111., vol. 4, Coal Meas. [Sig. having

long, narrow furrows.]
gaspanum, Dawson, 1860, Can. Nat. &

Geo., vol. 5, Catskill Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
giganteum, Lesquereux, 1858, Geo. Sur.

Penn., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. very

large.]
graoile, Lindley & Hutton, 1833, Foss.

Flora, Coal Meas. [Sig. slender.]
greeni, Lesquereux, 1870, Geo. Sur. 111.,

vol. 4, Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
harcourti, Witham, 1832, Trans. Nat.

Hist. Soc, New, upon Tyne, Coal

Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
mammillatum, Lesquereux, 1870, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 4, Coal Meas. [Sig. mam-

millated.]
mielecki, Goeppert, 1836, Syst. Filic. Foss.,

Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
modulatum, Lesquereux, I860, Geo. Sur.

Ark., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. modu-
lated.]
morrisanum, Lesquereux, 1870, Geo. Sur.

111., vol. 4, Coal Meas. [Ety. proper-
name.]
obovatum, Sternberg, 1820, Vers. Darst.

Flora der Vorwelt, Coal Meas. [Ety.

from the obovate scars.]
obscurum, Lesquereux, 1866, Geo. Sur.

111., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. obscure,

not distinct.]
obtusum, Lesquereux, 1858, Geo. Sur.

Penn., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Ety. from

the obtuse bases of the scars.]
oculatum, Lesquereux, 1858, Geo. Sur.

Penn., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. hav-
ing eyes.]
personatum, Dawson, 1863, Can. Nat. &

Geo.,vol. 8, Coal Meas. [Sig. masked.]
pictoense, Dawson, 1863,Can. Nat. & Geo.,

vol. 8, Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
plicatum, Dawson, 1863, Can. Nat. & Geo.,

vol. 8, Coal Meas. [Sig. folded.]
plumarium, Lindley & Hutton, 1835, Foss.

Flora, vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. em-
broidered with feathers.]
primaevum, Rogers, 1858, Geo. Sur. Penn.,

vol. 2, Ham. Gr. [Sig. first formed.]
radiato-plicatum, Dawson, 18 7 3, Rep.

Foss. Plants, Low. Carb. [Ety. raa%-

atiis, radiated; plicatus, folded.]

radicans, Lesquereux, 1866, Geo. Sur. 111.,

vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. rooted.]
rectangulum, Wood, I860, Proc. Acad.

Nat.Sci., Coal Meas. [Sig. rectangular.]
rigens, Lesquereux, 1870, Geo. Sur. 111.,

vol. 4, Coal Meas. [Sig. stifi'.]
rimosum, Sternberg, 1820, Vers. Darst.

Flora der Vorwelt, Coal Meas. [Sig.

full of clefts.]
rugosum, Brongniart, 1828, Prodr. Hist.

Veg. Foss., Coal Meas. [Sig. wrinkled. ]
rushvillense, Andrews, 1875, Ohio Pal.,

vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
salebrosum, Wood, 1860, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci., Coal Meas. [Sig. rough.]
scobiniforme, Meek, 18 76, Desc. Foss.

Plants Va., Ponent or Vespertine Gr.,

near the base of the Low. Carb. [Sig.

rasp-like.]
selaginoides, Sternberg, 1824, Vers. Darst.

Flora der Vorwelt, Coal Meas. [Ety.

from the plant Selago.]
sigillarioides, Lesquereux, 1858, Geo. Sur.

Penn., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Ety. from

its resemblance to Siijillaria.]
simplex, Lesquereux, 1866, Geo. Sur. 111.,

vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. simple.]
sternbergi, Lindley & Hutton, 1S35, Foss.

Flora, Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name. ]
tijoui, Lesquereux, 1870, Geo. Sur. 111.,

vol. 4, Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
tumidum, Bunbury, 1847, (Lepidophloios

tumidum) Quar. Jour. Geo. Soc, vol.

3, Coal Meas. [Sig. tumid.]
turbinatum, Lesquereux, 1866, Geo. Sur.

111., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. top-
shaped.]
undulatum, Gutbier, 1843, in Gsea von

Sachsen, Coal Meas. [Sig. wavy.]
ur;eum,Wodd, 1860, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.,

Coal Meas. [Sig. belonging to the tail.]
veltheimanum, Sternberg, 1823, Vers.

Darst. Flora der Vorwelt, Chester Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
vestitum, Lesquereux, 1858, Geo. Sur.

Penn., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. clothed,

covered.]
wortheni, Lesquereux, 1866, Geo. Sur. 111.,

vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
Leptophixeum, Dawson, 1862, Quar. Jour.

Geo. Soc, vol. 18. [Ety. leptos, slender ;

pMois, the bark of a tree.]
rhombicum, Dawson, 1862, Quar. Jour.

Geo. Soc, vol. 18, Devonian. [Sig.

rhomb-like.]
Lepidophloios, Sternberg, 1823, Vers. Darst.

Flora der Vorwelt. [Ety. lepis, a

scale; ]>hk>ios, the bark.]
acadianus, Dawson, 1863, Can. Nat. &

Geo., vol. 8, Coal Meas. [Ety. proper

name.]
antiquus, Dawson, 1871, Foss. Plants

Canada, Devonian. [Sig. ancient.]
auriculatus, Lesquereux, 1870, Geo. Sur.

111., vol. 4, Coal Meas. [Sig. ear-like.]
crassicaulis, Corda, 1833, in Flora der Vor-
welt, vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. thick-
stemmed.]

30

PLANTS.

ichthyolepis, Wood, 1860, Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci., Coal Meas. [Ety. ichthys, a
fish ; lepis, a scale.]

irregularis, Lesquereux, 1860, Geo. Sur.
Ark., vol. 2,CoalMeas. [Sig. irregular.]

laricinus, Sternberg, 1823, Vers. Darst.
Flora der Vorwelt, Coal Meas. [Ety.
from resemblance to the larch tree.]

lesquereuxi, Andrews, 1875, Ohio Pal.
vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]

obcordatus, Lesquereux, 1866, Geo. Sur.
111., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. inversely,
heart-shaped.]

parvus, Dawson, 1863, Can. Nat. & Geo.,
vol. 8, Coal Meas. [Sig. small.]

platystigma, Dawson, 1863, Can. Nat. &
Geo., vol. 8, Coal Meas. [Sig. flat-
scarred.]

prominulus, Dawson, 1863, Can. Nat. &
Geo., vol. 8, Coal Meas. [Sig. project-
ing a little.]

protuberans, Lesquereux, 1870, Geo. Sur.
111., vol. 4, Coal Meas. [Sig. protu-
berant.]

tetragonus, Dawson, 1863, Can. Nat. &
Geo., vol. 8, Coal Meas. [Sig. quad-
rangular.]

tumidus, see Lepidodendron tumidum.
Lepidophyllum, Brongniart, 1828, Prodr.
Hist. Veg. Foss. [Ety. kpis, a scale ;
phyllon, a leaf.]

acuminatum, Lesquereux, 1858, Geo. Sur.
Penn., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. sharp-
pointed.] The name was preoccupied
by Gutbier in 1843.

affine, Lesquereux, 1858, Geo. Sur. Penn.,
vol. 2,CoalMeas. [Sig. closely related.]

auriculatum, Lesquereux, 1866, Geo. Sur.
111., vol. 2,Coal Meas. [Sig. ear-shaped.]

brevifolium, Lesquereux, 1858, Geo. Sur.
Penn., Coal Meas. [Ety. brevis, short ;
folium, a leaf.]

fohaceum, Lesquereux, 1870, Geo. Sur.
111., vol. 4, Coal Meas. [Sig. leaf-like. ]

hastatum, Lesquereux, 1858, Geo. Sur.
Penn., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. halbert-
shaped.]

intermedium, Lindley & Hutton, 1833,
Foss. Flora, vol. 1, Coal Meas. [Sig.
intermediate.]

lanceolatum, Lindley & Hutton, 1831-33,
Foss. Flora, Coal Meas. [Sig. lanceo-
late.]

majum, Brongniart, 1828, Prodrome d'une
Histoire de Vegetaux, Fossiles, Coal
Meas. [Sig. large.]

obtusum, Lesquereux, 1858, Geo. Sur.
Penn., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. obtuse.]

plicatum, Lesquereux, 1858, Geo. Sur.
Penn., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. folded.]

rostellatum, Lesquereux, 1870, Geo. Sur.
111., vol. 4, Coal Meas. [Sig. little-
beaked.]

striatum, Lesquereux, 1870, Geo. Sur. 111.,
vol. 4, Coal Meas. [Sig. striated.]

trinerve, Lindley & Hutton, 1835, Foss.
Flora, vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. three-
veined.]

Lepidostkobus, Brongniart, 18 28, Prodr.

Hist. Veg. Foss. [Ety. lejyis, a scale ;

strobus, a cone.]
connivens, Lesquereux, 1870, Geo. Sur.

111., vol. 4, Coal Meas. [Sig. dissem-
bling, closing.]
globosus, Dawson, 1861, Can. Nat. & Geo.,

vol. 6, Devonian. [Sig. globose.]
hastifolius, Lesquereux, 1866,Geo.Sur. 111.,

vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. spear-leaved.]
lancifolius, Lesquereux, 1870, Geo. Sur.

111., vol. 4, Coal Meas. [Sig. lance-
leaved.]
longifolius, Dawson, 1863,Can. Nat. & Geo.,

vol. 8, Coal Meas. [Sig. long-leaved.]
oblongifolius, Lesquereux, 1870, Geo. Sur.

111., vol. 4, Coal Meas. [Sig. oblong-
leaved.]
ornatus, Parkinson, 1811, Organic Re-
mains, Coal Meas. [Sig. ornate.]
ovatifolius, Lesquereux, 1870, Geo. Sur.

111., vol. 4, Coal Meas. [Sig. ovate-
leaved.]
pinaster, Lindley & Hutton, 1837, Foss.

Flora, vol. 3, Coal Meas. [Sig. like

the cone of a Pinaster.']
princeps, Lesquereux, 1866, Geo. Sur. 111.,

vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. original, prin-
cipal.]
richardsoni, Dawson, 1861, Can. Nat. &

Geo., vol. 6, Devonian. [Ety. proper

name.]
squamosus, Dawson, 1863, Can. Nat. &

Geo., vol. 8, Coal Meas. [Sig. scaly.]
trigonolepis, Bunbury, 1847, Quar. Jour.

Geo. Soc, vol. 3, Coal Meas. [Ety.

from the triangular scars. ]
truncatus, Lesquereux, 1870, Geo. Sur.

111., vol. 4, Coal Meas. [Sig. truncated.]
variabilis, Lindley & Hutton, 1833, Foss.

Flora, Coal Meas. [Sig. variable.]
Lescukoptebis, Schimper, 1869, Palseontolo-

gie Vegetale. [Ety. proper name;

pteris, a fern.]
moori, Lesquereux, 1858, (Neuropteris

moori) Geo. Sur. Penn., vol. 2, Coal

Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
Licbophycus, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

[Ety. likros, a fan; phykos, sea weed.]
formosus, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.

Antic, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. beautiful.]
hiltonensis, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol.

1, Black Riv. & Trenton Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
hudsonicus, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol.

1, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
minor, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol. 2,

Trenton Gr. [Ety. minor, less; it is

smaller than ottaivsenste.~]
ottawsensis, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol.

1, Trenton Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
robustus, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.

Antic, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. robust.]
vagans, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.

Antic,Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. wandering.]
Lonchopteeis, Brongniart, 1828, Prodr. Hist.

Veg. Foss. [Ety. lonche, a spear ; pteris,

fern.]

PLANTS.

31

tenuis, Dawson, 1863, Can. Nat. & Geol.,

vol. 8, Coal Meas. [Sig. slender.]
Lycopodites, Brongniart, 1822, Mem. du

Mus. d'Hist. Nat. de Paris. [Ety.

from Lycopodium, the club moss.]
annularifefolius, Lesquereux, 1870, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 4, Coal Meas. [Sig. with

ring-shaped leaves.]
asterophyllita?fulius, Lesquereux, 1866,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Ety.

leaved like the Aster vpkyllites.]
cavifolius, see Selaginites cavifolius.
comosus, Dawson, 1863, Quar. Jour. Geo

Soc., vol. 19, Devonian. [Sig. hairy.]
matthewi, Dawson, 1861, Can. Nat. & Geo

vol. 6, Devonian. [Ety. proper name.]
meeki, Lesquereux, 1870, Geo. Sur. 111.,

vol. 4, Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
plumulus, Dawson, 1873, Rep. Foss. Plants,

Low. Carb. [Sig. a little feather.]
richardsoni, Dawson, 1868, Quar. Jour.

Geo. Soc, vol. 19, Devonian. [Ety.

proper name.]
vanuxemi, Dawson, 1862, Quar. Jour.

Geo. Soc, vol. 18, Chemung Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
Megalopteris, Dawson, 1875. Not denned.

[Ety. megale, great; pteris, a fern.]
dawsoni, Hartt, 1868, (Neuropteris daw-

soni) Acad. Geol., Devonian. [Ety.

proper name.]
hartti, AndreAvs, 1875, Ohio Pal., vol. 2,

Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
lata, Andrews, 1875, Ohio Pal., vol. 2,

Coal Meas. [Sig. wide.]
minima, Andrews, 1875, Ohio Pal., vol. 2,

Coal Meas. [Sig. very small.]
ovata, Andrews, 1875, Ohio Pal., vol. 2,

Coal Meas. [Sig. egg-shaped.]
Megaphytox, Artis, 1838, Antedil. Phytol.

[Ety. niegas, great; phyton, a shoot.]
humile, Dawson, 1863, Can. Nat. & Geol.,

vol. 8,Coal Meas. [Sig. small, humble.]
maclayi, Lesquereux, 1860, Geo. Sur. 111.,

vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
magnificum, Dawson, 1863, Can. Nat. &

Geol., vol. 8, Coal Meas. [Sig. splendid.]
protuberans, Lesquereux, 1866, Geo. Sur.

111., vol. 2, Chester Gr. [Sig. protu-
berant.]
Myriaxites, Murchison, 1839, Sil. Syst.

[Ety. myrias, innumerable.]
murchisoni, Emmons, 1844,Taconic Syst.,

Potsdam Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
sillimani, Emmons, 1844, Taconic. Syst.,

Potsdam Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Nemapodia, Emmons, 1844, Taconic. Syst.,

[Ety. nema, thread ; podion, foot.]
tenuissima, Emmons, 1844, Taconic. Syst.,

Potsdam Gr. [Sig. fine-lined.] Prof.

Hall regards this as a recent track.]
Nematophycus, Carruthers, 1872, Month.

Micro. Jour. [Ety. nematos, a thread ;

phukos, sea weed.] This is a syn. for

Prototaxites.
logani, Carruthers, 1872, Month. Micro.

Jour., Devonian. [Ety. proper name.]

Syn. for Prototaxites logani.

Nematoxylon, Dawson, 1863, Quar. Jour.

Geo. Soc, vol. 19. [Ety. nema, a

thread; xylon, wood.] Carruthers

says this is a syn. for Prototaxites and

belongs to the Algse.
crassum, Dawson, 1863, Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc, vol. 19, Devonian. [Sig. thick.]

Carruthers says this is a syn. for Pro-
totaxites logani.]
tenue, Dawson, 1863, Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc, vol. 19, Devonian. [Sig. slender.]

Carruthers says this is a syn. for Pro-
totaxites logani.]
Nephropteris, Brongniart, 1828, Tab.des gener.
elegans, see Cyclopteris elegans.
fimbriata, see Neuropteris fimbriata.
germari, see Cyclopteris germari.
hirmta, see Cyclopteris hirsuta.
laciniata, see Cyclopteris laciniata.
orbicularis, see Cyclopteris orbicularis.
trichomanoides, see Cyclopteris trichoman-

oides.
undans, see Cyclopteris undans.
Nereites, Murchison, 1839, Sil. Syst. [Ety.

from a resemblance to the track of the

Nereis.'] Prof. Hall says these species

are of Devonian age.
deweyi, Emmons, 1844, Taconic. Syst.,

Potsdam Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
gracilis, Emmons, 1844, Taconic. Syst.,

Potsdam Gr. [Sig. slender.]
jacksoni, Emmons, 1844, Taconic Syst.,

Potsdam Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
lanceolatus, Emmons,1844, Taconic. Syst.,

Potsdam Gr. [Sig. sword-like.]
loomisi, Emmons, 1844, Taconic Syst.,

Potsdam Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
pugnus, Emmons, 1844, Taconic. Syst.,

Potsdam Gr. [Sig. a hand full.]
Neriopteris, Newberry, 1873, Ohio Pal., vol.

1. [Ety. nerion, the Oleander ; pteris,

a fern.]
lanceolata, Newberry, 1873, Ohio Pal., vol.

1, Coal Meas. [Sig. spear-shaped.]
Neuropteris, Brongniart, 1822, Mem. du

Mus. d'Hist. Nat. de Paris. [Ety.

neuron, a nerve ; pteris, a fern.]
acutifolia, Brongniart, 1828, Hist. Veg.

Foss., Coal Meas. [Sig. acute-leaved.]
adiantites, Lesquereux, 1858, Geo. Sur.

Penn., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Ety. from

resemblance to Adiantum, the maiden

hair fern.]
angustifolia, Brongniart, 1828, Hist. Veg.

Foss., Coal Meas. [Sig. narrow-leaved.]
attenuata, Lindley & Hutton, 1837, Foss.

Flora, vol. 3, Coal Meas. [Sig. atten-
uated.]
auriculata, Brongniart, 1828, Hist. Veg.

Foss., Coal Meas. [Sig. eared.]
capitata, Lesquereux, 1870, Geo. Sur. 111.,

vol. 4, Coal Meas. [Sig. capitate.]
cisti, Brongniart, 1828, Hist. Veg. Foss.,

Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
clarksoni, Lesquereux, 1858, Geo. Sur.

Penn., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Ety. proper

name.]

32

PLANTS.

collinsi, Lesquereux, 1870, Geo. Sur. 111.,

vol. 4, Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]

cordata, Brongniart, 1828," Hist. Veg. Foss.,

Coal Meas. [Sig. heart-shaped.]
coriacea, Lesquereux, 1870, Geo. Sur. 111.,
vol. 4, Coal Meas. [Sig. having the
texture of rough skin.]
crassa, Dawson, 1868, Acad. Geol., De-
vonian. [Sig. thick.]
crenulata, Brongniart, 1828, Hist. Veg.
Foss., Coal Meas. [Sig. crenulated.]
cyclopteroides, Dawson, 1863, Can. Nat. &
Geol., vol. 8, Coal Meas. [Sig. like
Cyclopteris.]
daivsoni, see Megalopteris dawsoni.
delicatula, Lesquereux, 1858, Geo. Sur.
Penn., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. small
and delicate.]
dentata, Lesquereux, 1858, Geo. Sur.
Penn., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. toothed.]
desori, Lesquereux, 1858, Geo. Sur. Penn.,
vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
eveni, Lesquereux, 1866, Geo. Sur. 111.,
vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Ety proper name. ]
fasciculata, Lesquereux, 1870, Geo. Sur.
111., vol. 4, Coal Meas. [Sig. faggot-like,
in bundles.]
flmbriata, Lesquereux, 1854, Jour. Bost.
Soc.Nat.Hist.,Coal Meas. [Sig.f ringed.]
flssa, Lesquereux, 1858, Geo. Sur. Penn.,

vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. split.]
flexuosa, Sternberg, 1825, Vers. Darst.
Flora der Vorwelt, Coal Meas. [Sig.
wavy.]
gibbosa, Lesquereux, 1858, Geo. Sur.
Penn., vol.2, Coal Meas. [Sig. gibbous.]
gigantea, Sternberg, 1825, Vers. Darst.
Flora der Vorwelt, Coal Meas. [Sig.
very large.]
grangeri, Brongniart, 1828,Hist.Veg.Foss.,

Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
heterophylla, Brongniart, 1822, (Filicites
heterophylla) Mem. du Mus. d'Hist.
Nat. de Paris, Coal Meas. [Ety. fieteros,
different; phyllon, a leaf.]
hirsuta, Lesquereux, 1854, Bost. Jour.

Nat. Hist., Coal Meas. [Sig. hairy.]
inflata, Lesquereux, 1866, Geo. Sur. 111.,

vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. inflated.]
ingens, Lindley & Hutton, 1833, Foss.

Flora, Coal Meas. [Sig. huge.]
lacerala, syn. for Neuropteris fimbriata.
linnfeifolia, Bunbury, 1847, Quar. Jour.
Geo. Soc, vol. 3, Coal Meas. [Ety.
from a resemblance to the leaves of
IAnnsea borealu.']
loshi, Brongniart, 1828, Hist. Veg. Foss.,

Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
marginakt, see Alethopteris roarginata.
microphylla, Brongniart, 1828, Hist. Ve«.
Foss., Coal Meas. [Sig. small-leaved.]
minor, Lesquereux, 1858, Geo. Sur. Penn.,

vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. less.]
moori, see Lescuropteris moori.
pachyderma, Lesquereux, 1866, Geo. Sur.
Ill, vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. thick-
barked.]

perelegans, Dawson, 1863, Can. Nat. &
Geol., vol. 8, Coal Meas. [Sig. very
elegant.]
plicate, Sternberg, 1825, Vers. Darst.Flora
der Vorwelt, Coal Meas. [Sig. folded.]
polymorpha, Dawson, 1862, Quar. Jour.
Geo. Soc, vol. 18, Devonian. [Sig.
many-formed.]
rarinervis, Bunbury, 1847, Quar. Jour.
Geo. Soc, vol. 3, Coal Meas. [Ety.
rants, few; nenms, a vein.]
retorquata, Dawson, 1871, Foss. Plants
Canada, Devonian. [Sig.turned back.]
rogersi, Lesquereux, 1858,Geo.Sur.Penn.,
vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
rotundifolia, Brongniart, 1828, Hist. Veg.
Foss., Coal Meas. [Sig. round-leaved^]
selwyni, Dawson, 1871, Foss. Plants Can-
ada, Devonian. [Ety. proper name.]
serrulata, Dawson, 1862, Quar. Jour.
Geo. Soc, vol. 18, Devonian. [Sig.
like a little saw.]
smilacifolia, Sternberg, 1824, Vers. Darst.
Flora der Vorwelt, Coal Meas. [Ety.
Smilax, an existing genus; folium, a
leaf.]
soreti, Brongniart, 1828, Hist. Veg. Foss.,

Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
speciosa, Lesquereux, see N. rogersi.
tenuifolia, Sternberg, 1825, Vers. Darst.
Flora der Vorwelt, Coal Meas. [Ety.
tenuis, narrow; folium, a leaf.]
tenuinervis, Lesquereux, 1858, Geo. Sur.
Penn., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. fine-
veined.]
undans, Lesquereux, 1858, Geo. Sur.
Penn., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. wavy.]
verbensefolia, Lesquereux, 1866, Geo. Sur.
111., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. leaved
like the Verbena.]
vermicularis, Lesquereux, 1861 , Geo. Sur.
Ky., vol. 4, Coal Meas. [Sig. worm-
shaped.]
villiersi, Brongniart, 1828,Prodr.Hist.Veg.
Foss., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
voltzi, Brongniart, 1828, Prodr. Hist. Veg.
Foss., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
Nckggerathia, Sternberg, 1822, Vers. Darst.
Flora der Vorwelt. [Ety. proper
name.]
beinertiana, Gceppert, 1842, Gatt. d. Foss.
Pflanzen, Coal Meas. [Ety. proper
name.]
bockschi, Gceppert, 1836, (Cyclopteris
bockschi) Syst. Filic Foss., Coal
Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
bockschiana, syn. for N. bockschi.
dispar, Dawson, 1863, Can. Nat. & Geol.,

vol, 8, Coal Meas. [Sig. different.]
flabellata, Lindley & Hutton, 1833, Foss.
Flora, vol. 1 , Coal Meas. [Sig. spread
out like a fan.]
gilboensis, Dawson, 1871, Quar. Jour Geo.
Soc, vol. 27, Devonian. [Ety. proper
name.]
minor, Lesquereux, 1858, Geo. Sur. Penn.,
vol.2, Coal Meas. [Ety. from the small
leaves.]

PLANTS.

n

obliqua, Gceppert, 1841, Gatt. Foss. Pflan-
zen, Coal Meas. [Ety. from the ob-
lique attachment of the leaves.] .

obtusa, Lesquereux, 1858, Geo.Sur.Penn.,
vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Ety. obtusus, from
the blunt termination" of the leaf.]
Prof. Dawson refers this species to the
genus Cyclopteris.
Odontopteris, Brongniart, 1822, Mem. du
Mus. d'Hist. Nat. de Paris. [Ety.
odous, a tooth ; pteris, a fern.]

sequalis, Lesquereux, 1866, Geo. Sur. 111.,
vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. equal, of the
same shape as another.]

alata, Lesquereux, 1858, Catal. Pottsville
Foss., Coal Meas. [Sig. winged.]

antiqua, Dawson, 1863, Can. Nat. & Geo.,
Coal Meas. [Sig. ancient.]

bradleyi, Lesquereux, 1870, Geo. Sur. 111.,
vol. 4, Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]

brardi, Brongniart, 1828, Prodr. Hist. Veg.
Foss., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]

crenulata, Brongniart, 1828, Hist. Veg.
Foss., Coal Meas. [Sig. crenulated.]

dubia, Lesquereux, 1858, Geo. Sur. Penn.,
vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. doubtful.]

gracillima, Newberry, 1873, Ohio Pal.,
vol. 1, Coal Meas. [Sig. very slender.]

heterophvlla, Lesquereux, 1866, Geo. Sur.
111., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Ety. heteros,
different ; phyllon, a leaf.]

intermedia, Lesquereux, 1860, Geo. Sur.
Ark., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. inter-
mediate.]

neuropteroides, Newberry, 1873, Ohio
Pal., vol. 1, Lower, Coal Meas. [Ety.
from its resemblance to Neuropteris.]

schlotheimi, Brongniart, 1828, Hist. Veg.
Foss., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]

squamosa, Lesquereux, 1858, Geo. Sur.
Penn., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. scaly.]

subcuneata, Bunbury, 1847, Quar. Geo.
Jour., vol. 3, Coal Meas. [Sig. some-
what wedge-shaped.]

wortheni, Lesquereux, 1866, Geo. Sur. 111.,

vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]

Ormoxylox, Dawson, 1871, Foss. Plants

Canada. (Ety. ormos, a chain, a cord;

xylrni, wood.]

eriahum, Dawson, 1871, Foss. Plants Can-
ada, Devonian. [Ety. proper name.]
Orthogonioptekis, Andrews, 1875, Ohio
Pal., vol. 2. [Ety. orthogoniopteris,
rectangular-fern.]

clara, Andrews, 1875, Ohio Pal., vol. 2,
Coal Meas. [Sig. clear, distinct.]

gilberti, Andrews, 1875, Ohio Pal., vol. 2,
Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
Pachyphyllum, Lesquereux, 1858, Geo. Sur.
Penn., vol. 2. [Ety. pachys, thick;
phyllon, a leaf.] This name was pre-
occupied in the class Polypi. See
Rhacophyllum.

affine, see Ehacophyllum affine.
fimbriatum,see Rhacophyllum fimbriatum.

hirsutum, see Rhacophyllum hirsutum.

laceratum, see Rhacophyllum laceratum.

lactuea, see Rhacophyllum lactuca.

Pachypteris, Brongniart, 1828, Prodr. Hist,

Veg. Foss. [Ety. pachys, thick ; pteris.

fern.]
gracillima, Lesquereux, 1870,Geo. Sur. III.,

vol. 4, Coal Meas. [Sig. very slender.]
Pal.eochorda, McCoy, 1849, Quar. Jour.

Geol. Soc, vol. 4. [Ety. palaios,

ancient; chorde, an intestine.]
marina, Fitch, 1856, Am. Geol., Potsdam

Gr. [Sig. pertaining to the sea.]
tenuis, Fitch, 1856, Am. Geol., Potsdam

Gr. [Sig. slender.]
Paljsophycus, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1.

[Ety. palaios, ancient; phykos, sea-
weed.]
articulatus, Winchell, 1864, Am. Jour. Sci.

& Arts, 2d series, vol. 37, Potsdam Gr.

[Ety. from the articulated stems.]
beauharnoisensis, Billings, 1862, Pal.Foss.,

vol. 1, Calcif. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
beverleyensis, Billings,1862,Pal. Foss.,vol.

1, Potsdam Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
congregatus, Billings, 1861, Pal. Foss., vol.

1, Potsdam Gr. [Sig. assembled to-
gether.]
divaricatus, Lesquereux, 1876, 7th Ann.

Rep. Geol. Sur. Ind., Coal Meas. [Sig.

wide apart.]
funiculus, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol.

1, Calcif. Gr. [Sig. a rope.]
gracilis, Lesquereux, 1876, 7th Ann. Rep.

Geol. Sur. Ind., Coal Meas. [Sig.

slender.]
incipiens, Billings, 1861, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Potsdam Gr. [Sig. the beginning.]
informis, Winchell, 1864, Am. Jour. Sci.

& Arts, vol. 87, Potsdam Gr. [Sig.

shapeless.]
irregularis, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,

Calcif. Gr. [Sig. irregular.]
milleri, Lesquereux, 1876, 7th Ann. Rep.

Geol. Sur. Ind., Coal Meas. [Ety.

proper name.]
obscurus, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol.

1, Trenton Gr. [Sig. obscure.]
rogosus, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,

Trenton Gr. [Sig. full of wrinkles.]
simplex, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,

Trenton Gr. [Sig. simple.]
striatus, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,

Clinton Gr. [Sig. striated.]
tortuosus, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,

Medina sandstone. [Ety. from the

tortuous branches.]
tubularis, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,

Calcif. Gr. [Sig. hollow like a pipe.]
virgatus, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,

Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. twig-like.]
Palseopteiis, being preoccupied, see Arch-

seopteris.
acadica, see Archseopteris acadica.
hartii, see Archseopteris harti.
Pal^oxyris, Brongniart, 1828, Ann. Sc. Nat.,

vol. 15. [Ety. palaios, ancient; Xyris,&

plant.]
appendiculata, Lesquereux, 1870, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 4, Coal Meas. [Sig.

having lateral appendages.]

.34

PLANTS.

corrtigata, Lesquereux, 1870, Geo. Sur. 111.,

vol. 4, Coal Meas. [Sig. corrugated.]
prendeli, Lesquereux, 1870, Geo. Sur. 111.,

vol. 4,Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
Pecopteris, Brongniart, 1822, Mem. duMus.

d'Hist. Nat. de Paris. [Ety. peko,

to comb; pteris, a fern.]
abbreviata, Brongniart, 1828, Hist. Veg.

Foss., Coal Meas. [Sig. from the short

lobes of the pinnules.]
acuta, Brongniart, 1828, Prodr. Hist. Veg.

Foss., Coal Meas. [Sig. acute.]
sequalis, Brongniart, 1828, Prodr. Hist.

Veg. Foss., Coal Meas. [Sig. equal.]
aquilina, see Alethopteris aquilina.
arborescens, Brongniart, 1828, Prodr. Hist.

Veg. Foss., Coal Meas. [Sig. tree-like.]
arguta, Brongniart, 1828, Hist. Veg. Foss.,

Coal Meas. [Sig. sharply defined.]
aspidioides, Brongniart, 1828, Hist. Veg.

Foss., Coal Meas. [Sig. like the Aspkl-

ium.]
bucklandi. Brongniart, 1828, Prodr. Hist.

Veg. Foss., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper

name.]
bullata, Bunbury, 1847, Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc, vol. 3, Coal Meas. [Sig. bossed.]
callosa, Lesquereux, 1866, Geo. Sur. 111.,

vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. having a thick

covering.]
candollana, Brongniart, 1828, Prodr.Hist.

Veg. Foss., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper

name.]
chserophylloides, Brongniart, 1828, Hist.

Veg. Foss., Coal Meas. [Sig. like the

CfuerophyUum. ]
cisti, Brongniart, 1828, Hist. Veg. Foss.,

Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
concinna, Lesquereux, 1858, Geo. Sur.

Penn., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. neat.]

The name was preoccupied by Presl

in 1833.
crenulata, see Alethopteris crenulata.
cristata, see Alethopteris cristata.
cyathea, Brongniart, 1828, Prodr. Hist.

Veg. Foss., Coal Meas. [Ety. kyathos,

a cup.]
decurrens, Lesquereux, 1858, Geo. Sur.

Penn., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Ety. from

the decurrent nature of the leaves.]
decurrens, Dawson, 1862. The name was

preoccupied, see P. discrepans.
densifolia, Dawson, 1874, Foss. Plants,

Can., Devonian. [Sig. dense-leaved.]
dentata, Brongniart, 1828,Hist.Veg. Foss.,

Coal Meas. [Sig. toothed.]
discrepans, Dawson, 1863, Quar. Jour.

Geo. Soc, vol. 19, Devonian. [Sig.

different.]
distans, Lesquereux, 1858, Geo. Sur. Penn.,

vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Ety. from the dis-
tant pinules.] The name was preoc-
cupied by Rost in 1839.
dubia, Gutbier, 1843, in Gsea von Sachsen,

Coal Meas. [Sig. doubtful.]
elegans, Gceppert, 1836, Syst. Filic. Foss.,

Coal Meas. [Sig. elegant.]

elliptica, Bunbury, 1846, Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc, vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. elliptical.]
emarginata, Gceppert, 1836, (Diplazites

emarginata) Syst. Filic. Foss., Coal

Meas. [Sig. notched.]
erosa, see Alethopteris erosa.
flavicans, Presl, 1833, in Sternberg, Vers.

Darst. Flora der Vorwelt, Coal Meas.

[Sig. yellow (?).]
hemiteloides, Brongniart, 1828, Hist. Veg.

Foss., Coal Meas. [Sig. like Hemi-

telites.]
heterophylla, Lindley & Hutton, see Ale-
thopteris heterophylla.
heterophylla, Dawson, syn. for P. mantelli.
incompleta, Lesquereux, 1858, Geo. Sur.

Penn., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Ety. from

the incomplete condition of the speci-
men.]
ingens, Dawson, 1862, Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc, vol. 18, Devonian. [Sig. huge,

enormous.]
lepidorhachis, Brongniart, 1828, Hist. Veg.

Foss., Coal Meas. [Ety. lepis, a scale;

rachis, a ridge.]
longifolia, Brongniart, 1828, Hist. Veg.

Foss., Coal Meas. [Sig. long-leaved.]

Alethopteris longifolia. (?)
loshi, Brongniart, 1828, Prodr. Hist. Veg.

Foss., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
mantelli, Brongniart, 1828, Prodr. Hist.

Veg. Foss., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper

name.]
milleri, Harlan, 1835, Trans. Geo. Soc.

Penn., Coal Meas. [Ety. propernamc]
muricata, see Alethopteris muricata.
murrayana, Brongniart, 1828, Hist. Veg.

Foss., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
nervosa, see Alethopteris nervosa.]
newberryi, Lesquereux, 1858, Geo. Sur.

Penn", vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Ety. proper

name.]
notata, Lesquereux, 1858,Geo. Sur. Penn.,

vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. dotted.]
obsoleta, Harlan, 1835, Trans. Geo. Soc.

Penn., Coal Meas. [Sig. obsolete.]
oreopteroides, Brongniart, 1828, Hist. Veg.

Foss., Coal Meas. [Sig. like the fern

Oreopteris.]
ovata, Brongniart, 1828, Prodr. Hist. Veg.

Foss., Coal Meas. [Sig. ovate.]
ovata, Gutbier, 1843, in Gsea von Sachsen,

Coal Meas. The name was preoc-
cupied,
pennseformis, Brongniart, 1822, (Filicites

pennseformis) Mem. du Mus. d'Hist.

Nat. de Paris, Coal Meas. [Sig. feather-
formed.]
pluckeneti, see Alethopteris pluckeneti.
plumosa, Brongniart, 1828, Hist. Veg.

Foss., Coal Meas. [Sig. feathery.]
polymorpha, Brongniart, 18 2 8, Prodr.

Hist. Veg. Foss., Coal Meas. [Sig.

many-formed.]
preciosa, Hartt, 1868, Acad. Geo., Devon-
ian. [Sig. precious, splendid.]
pteroides, see Alethopteris pteroides.

PLANTS.

pusilla,Lesquereux, 1858, Geo. Sur.Penn.,

vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. very small.]
rigida, Dawson, 1863, Can. Nat. & Geo.,

vol. 8, Coal Meas. [Sig. inflexible.]
serlii, see Alethopteris serlii.
serrulata, Hartt, 1868, Acad. Geo., Devon-
ian. [Sig. like a small saw.]
shsefferi, Lesquereux, 1858, Catal. Potts.

Foss., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
sillimani, Brongniart, 1828, Hist. Veg.

Foss., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
squamosa, Lesquereux, 1870, Geo. Sur.

111., vol. 4, Coal Meas. [Sig. scaly.]
strongi, Lesquereux, 1870, Geo. Sur. 111.,

vol. 4,Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
tseniopteroides, Bunbury, 1847, Quar.

Jour. Geo. Soc, vol. 3, Coal Meas.

[Sig. like Txnicqiteris.]
tenuis, Brongniart, 1828, Prodr. Hist. Veg.

Foss., Coal Meas. [Sig. slender.]
unita, Brongniart, 1828, Prodr. Hist. Veg.

Foss., Coal Meas. [Sig. from the united

pinnules.]
urophylla,, see Alethopteris urophylla.
velutina, Lesquereux, 1858, Geo. Sur.

Penn.,vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. velvety.]
villosa, Brongniart, 1828, Hist. Veg. Foss.,

Coal Meas. [Sig. covered with short

hair-like projections.]
Phylloptekis, Brongniart, 1828,Tab. d. Gen.,

etc. [Ety. phyllon, a leaf ; pteris, a fern.]
antiqua, Dawson, 1863, Can. Nat., vol. 8,

Coal Meas. [Sig. ancient.]
Phytolithm, Martin, 1809, Petrificata Derbien-

sia. [Ety. phyton, a plant ; litlios, stone.]
cancellatus, "see Sigillaria cancellata.
dawsoni, see Sigillaria dawsoni.
decoratus, see Calamites decoratus.
martin), see Sigillaria martini.
notatus, see Sigillaria notata.
reticulatus, see Stigmaria reticulata.
sukatus, see Calamites sulcatus.
tessellatus, see Sigillaria tessellata.
transversv^, see Artisia transversa.
verrucosus, see Stigmaria verrucosa.
Physophycus, Schimper, 1869, Pal.Veg. [Ety.

phyton, a plant ; phykos, a sea weed.]
marginatus, Lesquereux, 1866, (Caulerpi-

tes marginatus) Trans. Am. Phil. Soc,

vol. 13, Coal Meas. [Sig. margined.]
Phytopsis, Hall, 1847, Pal. N.Y., vol. 1. [Ety.

phyton, a plant ; opsis, resemblance.]
cellulosum, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,

Birdseye Gr. [Sig. from the cellular

Sllbstfl.il C6 1

tubulosum, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,

Birdseye Gr. [Sig. abounding in tubes. ]
Pinnularia, "Lindley & Hutton, 1835, Foss.

Flora, vol. 2. [Ety. pinna, a feather.]
calamitarum, Lesquereux, 1858, Geo. Sur.

Penn., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. like

the genus Calamites.]
capillacea, Lindley & Hutton, 1835, Foss.

Flora, Coal Meas. [Sig. stringy, as

the roots of herbs.]
confer voides, Lesquereux, 1858, Geo. Sur.

Penn., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. like

Conferva.]

crassa, Dawson, 1863, Can. Nat., vol. 8,

Coal Meas. [Sig. thick.]
dispalans, Dawson, 1852, Quar. Jour.

Geo. Soc, vol. 18, Devonian. [Sig.

straggling, stray.]
elongata, Dawson, 1871, Foss. Plants Can.,

Devonian. [Sig. lengthened.]
fucoides, Lesquereux, 1868, Geo. Sur.

Penn., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Ety. fucus,

sea weed; eidos, likeness.]
horizontalis, Lesquereux, 1858, Geo. Sur.

Penn., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. hori-
zontal.]
nodosa, Dawson, 1871, Foss. Plants Can.,

Devonian. [Sig. knotty.]
pinnata, Lesquereux, 1858, Geo. Sur.

Penn., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. winged.]
ramosissima, Dawson, 1863, Can. Nat,vol.

8, Coal Meas. [Sig. very branchy.]
Polyporites, Lindley & Hutton, 1833, Foss.

Flora. [Ety. from its resemblance to

the folyporus versicolor.]
bowmanni, Lindley & Hutton, 1833, Foss.

Flora,Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
polysporus, Newberry, 1873,Ohio Pal., vol.

1. [Ety. polys, many; sporos, seed.]
mirabilis, Newberry, 1873, Ohio Pal.,vol.l,

Coal Meas. [Sig. wonderful, strange.]
Prototaxites, Dawson, 1859, Quar. Jour.

Geo. Soc, vol. 15. [Ety. protos, first;

taxus, Yew tree ; so named from the

spirally marked cells characteristic of

the genus Taxites.] Carruthers says

it is an Alga and has therefore called

it Nematophycus.
logani, Dawson, 1859, Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc, vol. 15, Devonian. [Ety. proper

name.] This is the oldest known tree

in America, according to Dawson, but

Carruthers says it is a huge sea- weed

and has named it Nematophycus

logani.
Psaroxius, Cotta, 1832, Dendrol. in Bezie-

hung. [Ety. psaros, speckled.]
erianus, Dawson, 1871, Foss. Plants Can.,

Devonian. [Ety. proper name.]
textilis, Dawson, 1871, Foss. Plants Can.,

Devonian. [Sig. Avoven, like a web.]
Psilophyton, Dawson, 1859, Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc, vol. 15. [Ety. psilon, smooth;

phyton, stem.]
elegans, Dawson, 1862, Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc, vol. 18, Devonian. [Sig. elegant.]
glabrum, Dawson, 1862, Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc, vol. 18, Devonian. [Sig. without

hair, smooth.]
princeps, Dawson, 1859, Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc, Upper Silurian and Devonian.

[Sig. original, principal.] This is the

oldest known plant in America. It is

supposed to have grown in a marsh,
robustius, Dawson, 1859,Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc, vol. 15, Devonian. [Sig. strong,

like oak.]
Ptilocarpus, Lesquereux, 1870, Geo. Sur.

111., vol. 4. [Etv, ptilon, a wing; karpos,

fruit.]

PLANTS.

bicornutus, Lesquereux, 1870, Geo. Sur.
111., vol. 4, Coal Meas. [Sig. from two
short horns at the base.]
Rhabdocakpus, Goeppert & Berger, 1848, de

Fruct. et Sem. [Ety. rhabdos, stria ;

karpos, fruit.]
acuminatus, Newberry, 1873, Ohio Pal.,

vol. 1, Coal Meas. [Sig. pointed.]
amygdaliformis, Goeppert & Berger, 1848,

de Fruct et Sem., Coal Meas. [Sig.

like the almond, Amygdalm.]
apiculatus, Newberry, 1873, Ohio Pal.,

vol. 1, Coal Meas. [Sig. pointed.]
arcuatus, Lesquereux, 1861, Geo. Sur.

Ky., Coal Meas. [Sig. bent.]
cariuatus, Newberry, 1873, Ohio Pal., vol.

1, Coal Meas. [Sig. keeled.]
clavatus, Sternberg, 1820, (Carpolithes

clavatus) Vers. Darst. Flora der Vor-

welt, Coal Meas. [Sig. club-shaped.]
costatus, Newberry, 1873, Ohio Pal., vol.

1, Coal Meas. [Sig. ribbed.]
danai, Foster, 1854, Ann. of Sci., vol. 1,

Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
insignis, Dawson, 1863, Can. Nat. & Geo.,

vol. 8, Coal Meas. [Sig. remarkable.]
lsevis, Newberry, 1873, Ohio Pal., vol. 1,

Coal Meas. [Sig. smooth.]
mammillatus, Lesquereux, 1870,Geo. Sur.

111., vol. 4, Coal Meas. Sig. mammil-

lated.]
minutus, Lesquereux, I860, Geo.Sur.Ark.,

vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. very small.]
venosus, Lesquereux, 1858, Geo. Sur.

Penn., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. full of

veins.]
Rhachiopteris, Dawson, 1862, Quar. Jour.

Geo. Soc, vol. 18. [Ety. rachis, a ridge;

pteris, a fern.]
cyclopteroides, Dawson, 1862, Quar. Jour.

Geo. Soc, vol. 18, Catskill Gr. [Ety.

like the genus Cychpteris.}
gigantea, Dawson, 1871, Foss. Plants Can.,

Devonian. [Sig. very large.]
palmata, Dawson, 1870, Proc. Royal Soc,

Devonian. [Sig. like the palm tree.]
pinnata, Dawson, 1862, Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc,vol. 18, Ham.Gr. [Sig. feathered.]
punctata, Dawson, 1862, Quar. Jour.Geo.

Soc, vol. 18, Catskill Gr. [Sig. punc-
tured.]
striata, Dawson, 1862, Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc, vol. 18, Ham.Gr. [Sig. striated.]
tenuistriata, Dawson, 1862, Quar. Jour.

Geo. Soc, vol. 18, Ham. Gr. [Sig.

fine-lined.]
Rhacophyllum, Schimper, 1869, Palseonto-

logie Vegetale. [Ety. rakos, rugged;

phyllon, a leaf.]
affine, Lesquereux, 1858, (Pachyphyllum

affine) Geo.Sur.Penn., vol.2,CoalMeas.

[Sig. nearto; related to R. fimbriatum.]
fimbriatum, Lesquereux, 1858, (Pachy-
phyllum fimbriatum) Geo. Sur. Penn.,

vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. fringed.]
hirsutum, Lesquereux, 1858, (Pachyphyl-
lum hirsutum) Geo. Sur. Penn., vol. 2,
Coal Meas. [Sig. hairy.]

laceratum, Lesquereux, 1858, (Pachy-
phyllum laceratum) Geo. Sur. Penn.,
vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. lacerated.]
lactuca, Brongniart, 1828, Hist.Veg. Foss.,
Coal Meas. [Ety. lactuca, Lettuce.]
Ehizolithes, F. Braun, 1847, in Flora, etc.
[Ety. rhiza, a root ; lithos, stone.]
palmatifidus, Lesquereux, 1860, Geo. Sur.
Ark., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. divided
like a hand.]
Rhizomopteris, Schimper, 1869, Traite de
Palseontologie Vegetale. [Sig. the
rhizomas of ferns.] This was formed
to include Sclaginites uncinatus and S.
erdmanni.]
Rotularia longifolia, see Sphenophyllum lon-

gifolium.

Rusophycus, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2.

[Ety. rusos, rugose ; phykos, sea-plant.]

bilobatus, Vanuxem, 1842, (Fucoides

bilobatus) Geo. Rep. N. Y., Cin'ti &

Clinton Gr. [Sig. two-lobed.]

clavatus, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y, vol. 2,

Clinton Gr. [Sig. club-shaped.]
grenvillensis, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss.,
vol. 1, Chazy Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
pudicus, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y, vol. 2,
Hud. Riv. & Clinton Gr. [Sig. shame-
faced, modest.]
subangulatus, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol.
2, Clinton Gr. [Sig. somewhat angu-
lated.]
Sagenaria, Brongniart, 1822, Memoires du
Museum d'Histoire Naturelle.
veltheimiana, see Lepidodendron velthei-
manum.
Schizopteris, Brongniart, 1828, Hist.Veg. Foss.
[Ety. schizo, to cleave; pteris, a fern.]
lactuca, see Hymenophyllites lactuca.
Schutzia, Goeppert, 1848", Permian Flora.
[Ety. proper name.]
bracteata Lesquereux, 1870, Geo. Sur.
111., vol. 4, Coal Meas. [Sig. covered
with leaves or plates.]
Scolithus, Haldeman, 1840, Supp. to Mon-
ograph of Limniades. [Ety. xcolex, a
worm ; lithos, a stone.]
canadensis, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol.
1, Potsdam Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
linearis, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,
Potsdam to Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. drawn
out in lines.]
verticalis, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,
Medina sandstone. [Ety. from pene-
trating the strata vertically.]
Scolopendrites, Lesquereux, 1858, Geo. Sur.
Penn., vol. 2. [Ety. from the living
fern Scolopendrium.]
dentatus, Lesquereux, 1858, Geo. Sur.
Penn., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Ety. den-
tatus, toothed.] In the text the spe-
cific name is written grosse-dentata, a
Franco-Latin hybrid, but on plate 8,
fig. 7, the name is corrected by leav-
ing off the French.
Selaginites, Brongniart, 1828, Prodr. Hist.
Veg. Foss. [Ety. from the plant
Selago.']

PLANTS.

37

cavifolius, Lesquereux, 1861,(Lycopodites

cavifolius) Geo. Rep. Ky., vol. 4, Coal j

Meas. [Sig. hollow-leaved.]
crassus, Lesquereux, 1866, Geo. Sur. 111.,

vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. thick, stout.]
forruosus, Dawson, 1861, Can. Nat., vol. 6,

Devonian. [Sig. beautiful.]
uncinatus, Lesquereux, 1866, Geo. Sur.

111., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. hooked.]
Sigillakia, Brongniart, 1822. Mem. du Mus.

d'Hist. Nat. de Paris. [Ety. sigillmn,

a seal ; from the seal-like scars of fallen

leaves stamped upon the bark.]
alternans, Lindley & Hutton, 1831-33,

Foss. Flora, Coal Meas. [Sig. alter-
nating.]
alveolaris, Brongniart, 1828, Prodr. Hist.

Yeg. Foss., Coal Meas. [Ety. alveolus,

a small channel.]
angusta, Brongniart, 1828, Hist. Veg. Foss.,

Coal Meas. [Sig. narrow.]
attenuata, Lesquereux, 1858, Catal. Potts.

Foss., Coal Meas. [Sig. attenuated.]
brardi, Brongniart, 1828, Prodr. Hist. Veg.

Foss., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
bretonensis Dawson, 1868, Can. Nat. &

Geo., 2nd series, vol. 3, Coal Meas.

[Ety. proper name.]
brochanti, Brongniart, 1828, Hist. Veg.

Foss., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
browni, Dawson, 1861, Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc, vol. 17, Coal Meas. [Ety. proper

name.]
cancellata, Martin, 1809, (Phytolithus

cancellatus) Petrif. Derb., Coal Meas.

[Sig. cancellated.]
catenoides, Dawson, 1868, Can. Nat, &

Geo., 2nd series, vol. 3, Coal Meas.

[Sig. chain-like.]
catenulata, Lindley & Hutton, 1831-33,

Foss. Flora, Coal Meas. [Sig. linked

together in a chain.] Probably syn.

for S. aUernoiu.
chemungensis, Hall, 1843, Geo. Rep. 4th

Dist.N.Y., Chemung Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
cisti, see Caulopteris cisti.
corrugata, Lesquereux, 1861, Geo. Sur.

Ky., vol. 4; redefined 1870, Geo. Sur.

111., vol. 4, Coal Meas. [Sig. corru-
gated.]
cymatoides, Wood, 1860, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci., Coal Meas. [Ety. wave-like.]
dawsoni, Steinhaur, 1818, (Phytolithus

dawsoni) Trans. Am. Phil." Assoc,

Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
defrancii, Brongniart, 1828, Prodr. Hist.

Veg. Foss., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper

name.]
dilatata, Lesquereux, 1858, Geo. Sur.

Penn., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. ex-
panded.]
discoidea, Lesquereux, 1858, Geo. Sur.

Penn., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Ety. from

the discoidal shape of the scars.]
dournaisi, Brongniart, 1828, Prodr. Hist.

Veg. Foss., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper

name.]

dubia, Lesquereux, 1858, Geo. Sur.Penn.,

vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. doubtful.]
elegans, Brongniart, 1828, Prodr. Hist.

Veg. Foss., Coal Meas. [Sig. elegant.]
elongata, Brongniart, 1828, Prodr. Hist.

Veg. Foss., Coal Meas. [Ety. from the

elongated scars.]
eminens, Dawson, 1863, Can. Nat., vol. 8,

Coal Meas. [Sig. standing out in

relief, prominent.]
fissa, Lesquereux, 1858, Geo. Sur. Penn.,

vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. divivided, from

the deeply emarginate scars.]
flexuosa, Lindley & Hutton, 1837, Foss.

Flora, vol. 3, Coal Meas. [Sig. full of

flexures.]
intermedia, Brongniart, 1828, Hist, Veg.

Foss., Coal Meas. [Sig. intermediate.]
knorri, Brongniart, 1828, Prodr. Hist. Veg.

Foss. , Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
laevigata, Brongniart, 1828, Prodr. Hist.

Veg. Foss. , Coal Meas. [Sig. smoothed. ]
lepidodendrifolia, Brongniart, 1828, Hist.

Veg. Foss., Coal Meas. [Ety. leaved

like the Lepidodendron.]
lescuraei, Schimper, 1869, Traite de Palse-

ontologie Vegetale, Coal Meas. [Ety.

proper name.]
lorwayana, Dawson, 1873, Foss. Plants,

Low. Carb. [Ety. proper name.]
martini, Steinhaur, 1818, (Phytolithus

martini) Trans. Amer. Phil. Assoc.,

Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
massiliensis, Lesquereux, 1870, Geo. Sur.

111., vol. 4, Coal Meas. [Ety. proper

name.]
menardi, Brongniart, 1828, Prodr. Hist.

Veg. Foss., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper

name.]
monostigma, Lesquereux, 1866, Geo. Sur.

111., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. single-
dotted.]
notata, Steinhaur, 1818, (Phytolithus

notatus) Trans. Am. Phil. Assoc,

Coal Meas. [Sig. marked.]
obliqua, Brongniart, 1828, Hist. Veg.Foss.,

Coal Meas. [Ety. from the oblique

scars.]
obovata, Lesquereux, 1858,Geo.Sur.Penn.,

vol. 2, Coal -Meas. [Sig. obovate.]
oculata, Brongniart, 1828, Prodr.Hist.Veg.

Foss., Coal Meas. [Ety. oculus, an eye.]
organum, Lindley & Hutton, 1833, Foss.

Flora, vol. 1, Coal Meas. [Sig. an in-
strument or pipe.]
pachyderma, Brongniart, Prodr. Hist.

Veg. Foss., Coal Meas. [Sig. thick-
barked.]
palpebra, Dawson, 1860, Quar. Jour. Geo.
' Soc, vol. 8, Devon. [Sig. an eye-lid.]
planicosta, Dawson, 1863, Can. Nat. &

Geo., vol. 8, Coal Meas. [Sig. smooth-
ribbed.]
polita, Lesquereux, 1858, Geo. Sur. Penn.,

vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. smoothed.]
reniformis, Brongniart, 1828, Prodr. Hist,

Veg. Foss., Coal Meas. [Sig. kidney-
shaped.]

PLANTS.

reticulata, Steinhaur, 1818, (Phytolithus

reticulatus) Trans. Am. Phil. Assoc,

Coal Meas. [Sig. reticulated.]
reticulata, Lesquereux, 1860,Geo.Sur.Ark.,

vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. reticulated.]
rugosa, Brongniart, 1828, Prodr. Hist.Veg.

Foss., Coal Meas. [Sig. wrinkled.]
saulli, Brongniart, 1828, Hist. Veg. Foss.,

Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
schimperi, Lesquereux, 1858, Geo. Sur.

Penn., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Ety. proper

name.]
schlotheimana, Brongniart, 1828, Hist.

Veg. Foss., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper

name.] American Sp. (?)
sculpta, Lesquereux, 1858, Geo.Sur.Penn.,

vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. engraved.]
scutellata, Brongniart, 1828, Hist. Veg.

Foss., Coal. Meas. [Sig. a little shield.]
semina, Lesquereux, 1870, Geo. Sur. III.,

vol. 4, Coal Meas. [Sig. seeds of Sig-

illaria.]
serlii, Brongniart, 1828, Prodr. Hist. Veg.

Foss., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
sillimani, Brongniart, 1828, Hist. Veg.

Foss., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
simplicitas, Vanuxem, 1843, Geo. Rep.

N. Y., Catskill Gr. [Sig. from the

straightness of grain.]
spinulosa, Germ., 1853, Vers. v.Wett, etc.,

Coal Meas. [Sig. full of spines.]
stellata, Lesquereux, 1858, Geo. Sur.

Penn., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Ety. from

the radiating wrinkles around the

scars.]
striata, Dawson, 1863, Can. Nat. & Geol.,

vol. 8, Coal Meas. [Sig. striated.] The

name was preoccupied by Brongniart

in 1828.
sydenensis, Dawson, 1863, Can. Nat. &

Geol., vol. 8, Coal Meas. [Ety. proper

name.]
tessellata, Steinhaur, 1818, (Phytolithus

tessellatus) Trans. Am. Phil. Assoc.

[Sig. from the square scars.]
tessellata, Brongniart, 1828, Hist. Veg.

Foss., Coal Meas. The name was

preoccupied,
vanuxemi, Gceppert, 1836, Flora Silurisch,

Chemung Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
yardleyi, Lesquereux, 1866,Geo. Sur. 111.,

vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
Sigillakioides, Lesquereux, 1870, Geo. Sur.

111., vol. 4. [Ety. from its resemblance

to the genus Sigillaria.']
radicans, Lesquereux, 1870, Geo. Sur. 111.,

vol. 4, Coal Meas. [Sig. rooted.]
stellaris, Lesquereux, 1870, Geo. Sur. 111.,

vol. 4, Coal Meas. [Sig. starred.]
Sphenophyllum, Brongniart, 1828, Prodr.

Hist. Veg. Foss. [Ety. sphen, a wedge ;

phytton, a leaf.] This genus was called

Sphenophyllites by Brongniart in 1822.
antiquum, Dawson, 1861, Can. Nat., vol.

6, Devonian. [Sig. ancient.]
bifurcatum, Lesquereux, 1860, Geo. Sur.

Ark., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. bifur-
cated.]

brevifolium, Newberry, 1854, Ann. of Sci.,

vol. 1, Coal Meas. [Sig. short-leaved.]
cornutum, Lesquereux, 1870, Geo. Sur.

111., vol. 4, Coal Meas. [Sig. horned.]
emarginatum, Brongniart, 1828, Prodr.

Hist. Veg. Foss., Coal Meas. [Ety.

from the peculiar notch at the apex of

the leaf.]
erosum, Lindley & Hutton, 1833, Foss.

Flora, Coal Meas. [Sig. gnawed, bit-
ten away.]
filiculme, Lesquereux, 1858, Geo. Rep.

Penn., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Ety. filum,

a thread; culmus, a straw.]
longifolium, Germar, 1828, (Rotularia

longifolia) Act. Ac. Caes. Leop. Nat.

Cur., vol. 15, Coal Meas. [Sig. long-
leaved.]
oblongifolium, Germ. & Kaulf., 1828, Act.

Ac. Nat. Cur., vol. 15, Coal Meas.

[Ety. from the oblong leaf.]
saxifragifolium, Sternberg, 1825, (Rotu-
laria saxifragifolia) Vers. Darst. Flora

der Vorwelt, Coal Meas. [Sig. leaved

like iSaxifraga.']
schlotheimi, Brongniart, 1828, Prodr.Hist.

Veg. Foss., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper

name.]
simplicitas, Vanuxem, 1842, Geo. Rep.

N. Y., Catskill Gr. [Sig. plainness,

simplicity.]
trifoliatum, Lesquereux, 1858, Geo. Sur.

Penn., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Ety. tres,

three ; folium, a leaf.]
Sphenopteris, Brongniart, 1822, Mem. du

Mus. d'Hist. Nat. de Paris. [Ety.

sphen, a wedge ; ptens, a fern.]
abbreviate, Lesquereux, 1858, Geo. Sur.

Penn., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig.

shortened.]
acuta, Brongniart, 1828, Prodr. Hist. Veg.

Foss., Coal Meas. [Sig. sharp.]
adiantoides, Lindley & Hutton, 1833,

Foss. Flora, Coal Meas. [Sig. like

Adiantum.']
alata, see Hymenophyllites alatus.
artemisisefolia, see Eremopteris artemisise-

folia.
canadensis, Dawson, 1863, Can. Nat. &

Geol., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
davallana, Gceppert, 1841, Gatt. d. Foss.

Pflanzen, Coal Meas. [Ety. proper

name.]
decipiens, Lesquereux, 1860, Geo. Sur.

Ark., Coal Meas. [Sig. deceiving.]
delicatula, see Hymenophyllites delica-

tulus.
dilatata, Lesquereux, 1860, Geo. Sur. Ark.,

Coal Meas. [Sig. spread out.]
dubuissoni, Brongniart, 1828, Prodr. Hist.

Veg. Foss., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper

name.]
elegans, Brongniart, 1828, Prodr. Hist.

Veg. Foss., Coal Meas. [Sig. elegant.]
flagellaris, Lesquereux, 1858, Geo. Sur.

Penn., Coal Meas. [Sig. like a whip.]
furcata, see Hymenophyllites furcatus.
gersdorfi, see Hymenophyllites gersdorfi.

PLANTS.

30

glandulosa, Lesquereux, 1858, Geo. Sur.

Penn., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. glan-
dular.]
gracilis, Brongniart, 1828, Prodr. Hist.

Veg. Foss., Coal Meas. [Sig. slender.]
gravenhorsti, Brongniart, 1828, Hist. Veg.

Foss., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
harti, Dawson, 1862, Quar. Jour. Geol.

Soc., vol. 18, Devonian. [Ety. proper

name.]
hitchcoekana, Dawson, 1862, Quar. Jour

Geol. Soc, vol. 18, Devonian. [Ety

proper name.]
hoeninghausi, Brongniart, 1828, Hist. Veg

Foss., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
hymenophylloides, Brongniart, 1828,Hist.

Veg. Foss., Coal Meas. [Ety. from

the resemblance to Hymenophyllites.}
intermedia, Lesquereux, 1858, Geo. Sur.

Penn., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. inter-
mediate between S. chaerophylloides

and Pecopterus athyrioides.']
irregularis, Sternberg, 1833, Vers. Darst.

Flora der Vorwelt, Coal Meas. [Sig.

irregular.]
latifolia, Brongniart, 1828, Prodr. Hist.

Veg. Foss., Coal Meas. [Sig. broad-
leaved.]
latior, Dawson, 1863, Can. Nat., vol. 8,

Coal Meas. [Sig. broader.]
laxa, Hall, 1843, Geo. Rep. 4th Dist. N.

Y., Chemung Gr. [Sig. loosely ar-
ranged.] This name was preoccupied

by Sternberg,
lesquereuxi, Newberry, 1858, Geo. Sur.

Penn., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Ety. proper

name.]
macilenta, Lindley & Hutton, 1833, Foss.

Flora, Coal Meas. [Sig. poor, lean.]
marginata, Dawson, 1862, Quar. Jour.

Geo. Soc, vol. 18, Devonian. [Sig.

bordered.]
microloba, Gceppert, 1836, Syst. Filic

Foss., Coal Meas. [Sig. small-lobed.]
mixta, Schimper, 1869, Traite de Palgeon-

tologie Vegetale, Coal Meas. [Sig.

mixed.]
munda, Dawson, 1863, Can. Nat. & Geo.,

vol. 8, Coal Meas. [Sig. neat, elegant.]
myriophylla, see Hymenophyllites myri-

ophyllus.
newberryi, Lesquereux, 1858, Geo. Sur.

Penn., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Ety. proper

name.]
obtusiloba, Brongniart, 1828, Hist. Veg.

Foss., Coal Meas. [Sig. obtuse-lobed.]
paupercula, Lesquereux, 1866, Geo. Sur.

111., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. poor.]
pilosa, Dawson, 1868, Acad. Geol., Devo-
nian. [Sig. hairy, shaggy.]
plicata, Lesquereux, 1858, Geo. Sur.

Penn., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig.

folded.]
polyphylla, Lindley & Hutton, 1835, Foss.

Flora, Coal Meas. [Sig. many-leaved.]
recurva, Dawson, 1863, Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc, vol. 19, Devonian. [Sig. turned

back.]

rigida, Brongniart, 1828, Hist. Veg. Foss.,

Coal Meas. [Sig. rigid.]
scaberrima, Lesquereux, 1828, Hist. Veg.

Foss., Coal Meas. [Sig. very rough.]
schlotheimi, see Hymenophyllites schlot-

heimi.
spinosa, see Hymenophyllites spinosus.
splendens, Dawson, 1871, Foss. Plants

Canada, Devonian. [Sig. splendid.]
squamosa, Lesquereux, 1858, Geo. Sur.

Penn., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. scaly.]
tenella, Brongniart, 1828, Hist. Veg. Foss.,

Coal Meas. [Sig. delicate.]
tenuifolia, see Hymenophyllites tenuifo-

lius.
trichomanoides, see Hymenophyllites tri-

chomanoides.
tridactylUes, see Hymenophyllites tridac-

tylites.
trifoliata, Brongniart, 1828, Hist. Veg.

Foss., Coal Meas. [Sig. three-leaved.]
Sphenothallus, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,

[Ety. sphen, a wedge ; (hallos, a branch'

or frond.]
angustifolius.Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,

Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. narrow-leaved.]
latifolius, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y, vol. 1,

Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. broad-leaved.]
Spirophyton, Hall, 1863, 16th Reg. Rep.

[Ety. speira, a coil ; phyton, a plant.]
cauda-galli, Vanuxem, 1842, {Fucovdes

cauda-galli) Geo. Rep. N. Y., Devonian.

[Sig. like the tail of a cock.]
crassum, Hall, 1863, 16th Reg. Rep.,Carb.

Conglomerate. [Sig. thick.]
typus, Hall, 1863, 16th Reg. Rep., Che-
mung Gr. [Ety. type of the genus.]
velum, Vanuxem, 1842, (Fucoides velum)

Geo.Rep.N. Y. [Ety. velum, a curtain.]
Sporangites, Dawson, 1863, Can. Nat. and

Geol., vol. 8. [Sig. seed-vessel.]
glaber, Dawson, 1863, Can. Nat., vol. 8,

Coal Meas. [Sig. smooth.]
papillatus, Dawson, 1863, Can. Nat.,vol. 8,

Coal Meas. [Sig. covered with papilli.]
Staphylopteris, 1838, Presl, in Sternb. Vers.

Darst. Flora der Vorwelt. [Ety. staphy-

k, a bunch of grapes; pteris, a fern.]
asteroides, Lesquereux, 1870, Geo. Sur.

111., vol. 4, Coal Meas. [Sig. star-like.]
sagittata, Lesquereux, 1870, Geo. Sur. 111.,

vol. 4, Coal Meas. [Sig. barbed like

an arrow.]
stellata, Lesquereux, 1860, Geo. Sur. Ark.,

vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. starred.]
wortheni, Lesquereux, 1870, Geo. Sur. 111.,

vol. 4, Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name. ]
Sternbergia, Artis, 1826, Antediluvian Phy-

tology. [Ety. proper name.]
var. angularis, Dawson, 1868, Acad. Geol.,

Coal Meas. [Sig. angular.]
var. approximata, Dawson, 1868, Acad.

Geol., Coal Meas. [Sig. approximate.]
var. distans, Dawson, 1868, Acad. Geol.,

Coal Meas. [Sig. distant.]
•or. obscura, Dawson, 1868, Acad. Geol.,

Coal Meas. [Sig. obscure.]

40

PLANTJE.

Stigmaria, Brongniart. 1822, Mem. du Mus,
d'Hist. Nat. de Paris. [Ety. stigma, a
dot or puncture.] This genus is re-
garded as representing the roots of
Sigillaria.

anabathra, Corda, 184 5, Beitrage zur
Flora der Vorwelt, Coal Meas. [Sig.
a ladder.]

areolata, Dawson, 1871, Foss. Plants Can-
ada, Devonian. [Sig. areolate, divided
into irregular squares, or small angu-
lar spaces.]

costata, Lesquereux, 18 5 8, Geo. Sur.
Perm., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. ribbed.]

elliptica, Lesquereux, 1870, Geo. Sur. 111.,
vol. 4, Coal Meas. [Sig. in the form
of an ellipse.]

eveni, see Stigmarioides eveni.

exigua, Dawson, 1862, Quar. Jour. Geo.
Soc, vol. 18, Chemung Gr. [Sig.
small.]

ficoides, Brongniart, 1822, Mem. du Mus.
d'Hist. Nat. de Paris, Coal Meas. [Sig.
like a fig.]

ficoides var. a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, k, 1,
Dawson, 1868, Acad. Geol., Coal Meas.

ficoides var. reticulata, Gceppert, 1841,
Gatt. d. Foss. Pflanzen, Coal Meas.
[Sig. reticulated.]

ficoides var. stellata, Gceppert, 1841, Gatt.
d. Foss. Pflanzen, Coal Meas. [Sig.
starred.]

ficoides var. undulata, Gceppert, 1841,
Gatt. d. Foss. Pflanzen, Coal Meas.
[Sig. wavy.]

irregularis, Lesquereux, 1858, Geo. Sur.
Penn., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Ety. from
the irregularity of the scars.]

minor, Gceppert, 1841, Gatt. d. Foss.
Pflanzen, Coal Meas. [Sig. less.]

minuta, Lesquereux, 1858, Geo. Sur.
Penn., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Ety. in
allusion to the small size of the lower
scars.]

minutissima, Dawson, 1871, Foss. Plants
Can., Devonian. [Sig. very minute.]

perlata, Dawson, 1871, Foss. Plants Can-
ada, Devonian. [Sig. very wide.]

pusilla, Dawson, 1863, Quar. Jour. Geo.
Soc, vol. 19, Devonian. [Sig. very
small.]

radicans, Lesquereux, 1858, Geo. Sur.
Penn., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. throw-
ing out roots.]

umbonata, Lesquereux, 1858, Geo. Sur.
Penn., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. em-
bossed.]

verrucosa, Martin, 1809, (Phytolithus
verrucosus) Petrif. Derb., Coal Meas.
[Sig. warty.]
Stigmarioides, Lesquereux, 1870, Geo. Sur.
111., vol. 4. [Ety. from its resem-
blance to Stigmaria.']

affinis, Lesquereux, 1870, Geo. Sur. 111.,
vol. 4, Coal Meas. [Sig. contiguous.]

eveni, Lesquereux, 1866, (Stigmaria
eveni) Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 4, Coal Meas.
[Ety. proper name,]

linearis, Lesquereux, 1870, Geo. Sur. 111.,

vol. 4, Coal Meas. [Sig. drawn out in

lines.]
rugosus, Lesquereux, 1870, Geo. Sur. 111.,

vol. 4, Coal Meas. [Sig. wrinkled.]
selago, Lesquereux, 1870, Geo. Sur. 111.,

vol. 4, Coal Meas. [Sig. like the plant

Selago.]
truncatus, Lesquereux, 1870, Geo. Sur.

111., vol. 4, Coal Meas. [Sig. truncated,

cut short.]
tuberosus, Lesquereux, 1870, Geo. Sur.

111., vol. 4, Coal Meas. [Sig. tuberose.

composed of tuber-like parts.]
villosus, Lesquereux, 1870, Geo. Sur. 111.,

vol. 4, Coal Meas. [Sig. villous,

covered with short hair-like projec-
tions.]
Syringodenkron, Sternberg, 18 2 0, Vers.

Darst. Flora der Vorwelt. [ Ety. syrimc,

a pipe; dendron, a tree.]
bistriatum, AVood, 1860, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci., Coal Meas. [Sig. double-striated.]
cyclostegium, Brongniart, 1828, Hist. Veg.

Foss., Coal Meas. [Sig. circular cov-
ering.]
cyclostigma, Brongniart, 1828, Hist. Veg.

Foss., Coal Meas. [Sig. circular punc-
ture.]
gracile, Dawson, 1862, Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc, vol. 18. .Chemung Gr. [Sig.

slender.]
pachyderma, see Sigillaria pachyderma.
pes-capreoli, Sternb., 1828, Vers. Darst.

Flora der Vorwelt, Coal Meas. [Ety.

pes, stalk; capreolus, small tendril

which supports it.]
porteri, Lesquereux, 1870, Geo. Sur. 111.,

vol. 4, Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
Syringoxylon, Dawson, 1862, Quar. Jour.

Geo. Soc, vol. 18. [Ety. syrinx, a pipe,

xylon, wood.]
mirabile, Dawson, 1862, Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc, vol. 18, Ham. Gr. [Sig. extra-
ordinary.]
T^eniopteris, Brongniart, 1828, Prodr. Hist.

Veg. Foss. [Ety. tainia, a ribbon;

pteris, a fern.]
magnifolia, Bunbury, 1847, Quar. Jour.

Geo. Soc. Lond., vol. 3, Coal Meas.

[Sig. large-leaved.]
Trichomanites, Gceppert, 1836, Syst. Filic.

Foss. [Ety.from the plant Trichomanes.~]
filicula, Dawson, 1863, Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc, vol. 19, Devonian. [Ety. filicula,

a small fern.]
Trigonocarpon, Brongniart, 18 2 8, Prodr.

Hist. Veg. Foss. [Ety. trigon, a tri-
angle ; karpos, a fruit.]
avellanum, Dawson, 1863, Can. Nat. &

Geo., vol. 8, Coal Meas. [Sig. a filbert.]
bertholletiforme, Foster, 1853, Ann. of

Sci., vol. 1, Coal Meas. [Sig. like

BertlwUetia.]
carbonarium, King, 1856, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci., vol. 7, Coal Meas. [Sig. per-
taining to coal.]

PLANTS.

4i

dawsi, Lindley & Button, 1837, Foss.

Flora, Coaf Meas. [Ety. proper

name.]
hildrethi, Dawson, syn. (?) for Trigono-

carpon triloculare,
hookeri, Dawson, 1861, Quar. Jour. Geol.,

Soc, vol. 17, Coal Meas. [Ety. proper

name.]
intermedium, Dawson, 1863, Can. Nat.,

vol. 8, Coal Meas. [Sig. intermediate.]
juglans, Lesquereux, 1866, Geo. Sur. 111.,

vol. 2,Low. Coal Meas. [Sig. a walnut.]
magnum, Newberry, 1873, Ohio Pal., vol.

1, Coal Meas. [Sig. large.]
mentzelianus, Gceppert & Berger, 1848,

de Fruct. et Sem., Coal Meas. [Ety.

proper name.]
minus, Dawson, 1863, Can. Nat. & Geol.,

vol. 8, Coal Meas. [Sig. less.]
multicarinatum, Newberry, 1873, Ohio

Pal., vol. 1, Carb. Conglomerate. [Sig.

many-carinated.]
m e // iVn'a/ii m ,seeCar polithes multistriatus.
nceggerathi, Brongniart, 1828, Prodr.

Hist. Veg. Foss., Coal Meas. [Ety.

proper name.]
oblongum, Lindley & Hutton, 1837, Foss.

Flora, vol. 3, Coal Meas. [Sig. oblong.]
oliveeforme, Lindley & Hutton, 1837,

Foss. Flora, vol. 3, Coal Meas. [Sig.

like an olive.]
ornatum, Newberry, 1873, Ohio Pal., vol.

1, Carb. Conglomerate. [Sig. ornate,

adorned.]
parkinsoni, Brongniart, 1828, Prodr. Hist.

Veg. Foss., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper

name.]
perantiquum, Dawson, 1871, Foss. Plants

Canada, Devonian. [Sig. very an-
cient.]
racemosum, Dawson, 1862, Quar. Jour.

Geo. Soc, vol. 18, Devonian. [Sig.

clustering.]
rostellatum, Lesquereux, 1866, Geo. Sur.

111., vol. 2, Up. Coal Meas. [Sig. little-
beaked.]
rotundum, Dawson, 1863, Can. Nat., vol.

8, Coal Meas. [Sig. wheel-shaped.]
schultzanum, Gceppert & Berger, 1848,

de Fruct., etc., Coal Meas. [Ety.

proper name.]
sigillaria>, Dawson, 1863, Can. Nat., vol.

8, Coal Meas. [Ety. from the genus

Sigilldria.]
tricuspidatum, Newberry, 1873, Ohio

Pal., vol. 1, Coal Meas. [Sig. three-
pointed.]

triloculare, Hildreth, 1835, (Carpolithes

trilocularis) Am. Jour. Sci., vol. 31,

Conglomerate and Low. Coal Meas.

[Sig. three-chambered.]
woodruffi, Moss, 1852,Proc. Acad.Nat. Sci.,

vol. 5, Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
Trochophyllum, Wood, 1860, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci. This name was proposed as

a substitute for Annvlaria, Sternb.,

because the latter was preoccupied as

a generic name in the sub-kingdom

Mollusca. [Ety. trochos, a wheel ;

pkyllon,& leal'.]
Ulodendkon, Lindley & Hutton, 1831, Foss.

Flora. [Ety. trie, wood; dendron, a

tree.]
ellipticum, Sternberg, 1838, Vers. Darst.

Flora der Vorwelt, Coal Meas. [Sig.

elliptical.]
elongatum, Lesquereux, 1870, Geo. Sur.

111., vol. 4, Coal Meas. [Sig. drawn

out.]
lindleyanum, Presl, 1833, in Sternberg,

Vers. Darst. Flora der Vorwelt, Coal

Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
majum, Lindley & Hutton, 1831-33, Foss.

Flora, Coal Meas. [Sig. great.]
minus, Lindley & Hutton, 1833, Foss.

Flora, CoalMeas. [Sig. less.]
punctatum, Presl, 1833, in Sternberg,

Vers. Flora der Vorwelt, Coal Meas.

[Sig. dotted.]
Uphaxt.enia, Vanuxem, 1843, Geo. Rep. N.

Y. [Ety. uphantos, woven ; tainia,

ribbon.]*
chemungensis, Vanuxem, 1843,Geo. Rep.

N. Y., Chemung Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
Walchia, Sternberg, 1825, Vers. Darst.

Flora der Vorwelt. [Ety. proper

name.]
gracilis, Dawson, Coal Meas. [Sig. slen-
der.]
robusta, Dawson, Coal Meas. [Sig. robust.]
Whittleseya, Newberry, 1853, Ann. of Sci.,

vol. 1. [Ety. proper name.]
elegans, Newberry, 1853, Ann. of Sci.,

vol. 1, Cuyahoga shale. [Sig. elegant.]
Zamites, Brongiart, 1825, in Annales des

Sciences Naturelles, vol. 4. [Ety.

from its resemblance to the existing

genus Zamia.]
gramineus, Bunbury, 1847, Quar. Jour.

Geo. Soc. Lond., vol. 3, Coal Meas.

[Sig. grassy.]
obtusifolius, Rogers, 1844, Rep. Ass n

Am. Geol., Coal Meas. [Sig. obtuse

leaved.]

ANIMAL KINGDOM

SUB-KINGDOM PROTISTA.

CLASS RHIZOPODA.— [Ety. rhiza, a root ; podes, feet.]
CLASS PORIFERA.— [Ety. porta, a pore ; few, to bear.]

CLASS RHIZOPODA.— Dentaliiia, Eozoon, Fusulina, Nullipora, Receptaculites, Rotalia.

CLASS PORIFERA.— Archeooyatl i us, Astrseospongia, Astylospongia, Aulocopma, Brachi-
ospongia, Calathium,Cnemidium, Oonoptarium, Eospongia, Palaeacis, Palaeomanon,
Rhabdaria, Traehyum, Trichospongia.

INCERT^E SEDIS. — Pasceolus, Ribeiria. The latter genus is placed by Woodward in
the class Lamellibranchiata. Salter referred it to the Crustacea. It is very doubt-
ful whether it is American.

Archeocyathus, Billings, 1861, Pal. Foss.,
vol. 1, Potsdam Gr. [Ety. arche, be-
ginning ; cyathns, a cup.]

atlanticus, Billings, 1861, Pal. Foss., vol.
1, Potsdam Gr. [Ety. mythological
name.]

minganensis, Billings, 1859, (Petraiamin-
ganensis) Can. Nat. & Geol., vol. 4,
Calcif. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

profundus, Billings, 1861, Pal. Foss., vol.
1, Potsdam Gr. [Sig. deep.]

rensselsericus, Ford, 1873, Am. Jour. Sci.
& Arts. 3rd ser., vol. 5, Low. Potsdam
Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Astr;eospongia, Roemer, 1860, Sil. Fauna,
des West Tenn. [Ety. astnea, from
aster, a star ; spongia, sponge. ]

hamiltonensis, Meek & Worthen, 1866,
Proc. Chi. Acad. Sci., vol. 1, Ham. Gr.
[Ety. proper name.]

meniscus, Roemer, 1848, (Blumenbach-
ium miniscus) Leonh. & Bronn's
Jahrb., Niagara Gr. [Ety. meniskos,
a little moon.]
Astylospongia, Roemer, 1860, Sil. Fauna,
des West Tenn. [Ety. astylos, without
a pillar or prop; apongia, sponge.]

Christiana, Meek & Worthen, 1868, Geo.
Sur. 111., vol. 3, Niagara Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]

imbricato-articulata, Roemer, 1848, (Si-
phonia imbricato-articulata) Leonh. &
Bronn's Jahrb., Niagara Gr. [Ety.
imbricatu8, imbricated; arlimlatus, ar-
ticulated.]

inciso-lobata, Roemer, 1848, (Spongia

inciso-lobata) Leonh. & Bronn's

Jahrb., Up. Sil. [Sig. cut into lobes.]
bursa, Hall, 1876, 28th Reg. Rep., Niagara

Gr. [Sig. a purse.]
parvula, Billings, 1861, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Trenton Gr. [Sig. small.]
perryi, Billings, 1861, Geol. Vermont,

Black Riv. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
praemorsa, Goldfuss, 1826, (Siphonia pra>

morsa) Petref. Germ., Niagara Gr.

[Sig. jagged as if bitten off.]
stellatim-sulcata, Roemer, 1848, (Spongia

stellatim-sulcata) Leonh. & Bronn's

Jahrb., Up. Sil. [Sig. star-furrowed ;

in allusion to the star-like depressions

on the outer surface.]
Aulocopina, Billings, 1875, Can. Nat. & Geol.

[Ety. aulokopeo, cut into pipes.]
granti, Billings, 1875, Can. Nat. & Geol.,

Niagara Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Blumenbachium, Konig, 1820, Icones, fossiles,

sectiles,
meniscus, s;ee Astrseospongia meniscus.
Bkachiospon'gia, Marsh, 1867, Am. Jour.

Sci. & Arts, 2nd series, vol. 44. [Ety.

brachium, an arm; spongia, sponge.]
digitata, Owen, 1857, (Scyphia digitata)

Geo. of Ky., vol. 2, Cin'ti Gr. [Sig.

having fingers or toes.]
roemerana, Marsh, 1867, Am. Jour. Sci.

and Arts, 2nd series, vol. 44, Cin'ti Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
lyoni, Marsh, 1867, Am. Jour. Sci. & Arts,

2nd series, vol. 44,
proper name.]

Cin'ti Gr. [Ety.

PROTISTA.

48

Calathium, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1.

[Ety. bdathox, a small wicker basket.]
afline, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Quebec Gr. [Sig. contiguous.]
anstedi, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Quebec Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
eanadense, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol.

1, Chazy Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
nttoni, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Quebec Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
formosum, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol.

1, Quebec Gr. [Sig. beautiful.]
pannosum, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol.

1, Quebec Gr. [Sig. ragged. ]
paradoxicum, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss.,

vol. 1, Calcif. Gr. [Sig. puzzling, ques-
tionable.]
Cxemidium, Goldfuss, 1826, Petref. Germ.

[Ety. Jcnemidos, armor for the legs, a

sort of boot.]
trentonensis, Worthen, 1875, Geo. Sur.

111., vol. 6, Trenton Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
Conopterium, Winchell, 1865, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci. [Ety. konos, a cone ; poterion,

a cup.]
effusum, Winchell, 1865, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci., Lithographic limestone. [Sig.

spread abroad.]
Coscinopora sulcata, see Receptaculites oweni.
Dextalixa, D'Orbigny, 1826, Ann. Sci. Nat.,

vol. 7. [Ety. dentate, tooth; inus, re-
semblance.]
priscilla, Dawson, 1868, Acad.Geol., Carb.

[Ety. proper name.]
Eosponoia, Billings, 1861, Pal. Foss., vol. 1.

[Ety. ax, dawn ; spongia, sponge.]
roemeri, Billings, 1861, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Chazy Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
varians, Billings, 1861, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Chazy Gr. [Ety. varians, variable.]
Eozoox, Dawson, 1865, Can. Nat. & Geo.,

2d series, vol. 2. [Ety. eos, dawn; zoon,

animal.]
eanadense, Dawson, 1865, Can. Nat. &

Geo., 2d series, vol. 2, Laurentian Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
Fusulixa, Fischer, 1837, Oryct. du Gouv. de

Moscou. [Ety. fusus, a spindle ; huts,

little.]
cylindrica, Fischer, 1837, Oryct. du Gouv.

de Moscou., Coal Meas. [Sig. cylin-
drical.]
cylindrica var. ventricosa,Meek& Hayden,

1859, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. 10,

Coal Meas. [Sig. ventricose.]
elongata, Shumard, 1858, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., Permian Gr. [Sig. elong-
ated.]
gracilis, Meek, 1864, Pal. of California,

vol. 1, pt. 4, Coal Meas. [Sig. slender.]
robusta, Meek, 1864, Pal. California, vol.

1, Coal Meas. [Sig. robust.]
ventricosa, Meek & Hayden, 1864, Pal.

Upper Mo., Coal Meas. See F. cylin-
drica var. ventricosa.]
Ischadites tesselaius, Winchell & Marcy, Syn.

for Receptaculites infundibulus.

Lunulites, (?) dactioloides, see Receptaculites

dactioloides.
Nuli.ipora, Lamarck, 1801, Systeme des
Animaux sans Vertebres. [Ety. nul-
lum, no ; porus, pore.]

(?) obtexta, White, 1862, Proc. Bost. Soc.
Nat. Hist., vol.9, Burlington Gr. [Sig.
woven over.]
Orhihilhes, (?) reticulata, see Receptaculites

reticulatus.
Pal^eacis, Haime, 1860, Hist. Nat. des Coral-
liaires. [Ety. palaios, ancient ; akis, a
barb.]

compressus, Meek & Worthen, 1866,
(Sphenopoterium compressum) Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Keokuk Gr.
[Sig. flattened.]

cuneatus, Meek & Worthen, 1860,
[Sphenopoterium cuneatum) Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., St. Louis Gr.
[Sig. wedge-shaped.]

enormis, Meek & Worthen, 1866, (Sphe-
nopoterium enorme) Geo. Sur. 111.,
vol. 2, Kinderhook Gr. [Sig. very
large.]

enormis var. depressus, Meek & Worthen,
1866, (Sphenopoterium enorme var.
depressum) Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 2, Kin-
. derhook Gr. [Sig. depressed.]

obtusus, Meek & Worthen, 1860, (Sphe-
nopoterium obtusum) Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci., Keokuk Gr. [Sig. obtuse.]
Pal.eomaxox, Roemer, 1860, Sil. Fauna.
West Tenn. [Ety. palaios, ancient;
Manon, a recent genus of sponges.]

cratera, Roemer, 1848, (Siphonia cratera)

Leonh. und Bronn's Jahrb., Up. Sil.

[Sig. a cup or goblet.]

Pasceolds, Billings, 1857, Rep. of Progr.

[Ety. pasceolus, a leather money bag.]

claudii, S. A. Miller, 1874, Cin. Quar.
Jour. Sci., Cin.Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

darwini, S. A. Miller, 1874, Cin. Quar.
Jour. Sci., Cin. Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]

globosus, Billings, 1857, Rep. of Progr.,
Trenton Gr. [Sig. globular.]

gregarius, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.,
Antic, Anticosti Gr. . [Sig. found in
flocks.]

halli, Billings, 1857, Rep. of Progr., Anti-
costi Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

intermedins, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil.
Foss. Antic, Anticosti Gr. [Sig. inter-
mediate.]
Receptaculites, DeFrance, 1827, Diet. Sci.
Nat. vol. 45. [Ety. receptaculum, a re-
ceptacle; litfios, stone.]

calcif erus, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol.
1, Calcif. Gr. [Ety. from the Calci-
forous Group.]

canadensis, Billings, 1863, (Ischadites
canadensis) Geo. of Canada, Anticosti
Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

dactioloides, Owen, 1840, (Lunulites dac-
tioloides) Rep. on Min. Lands. Up. Sil,
[Ety. from the thimble-like punctures.
The correct orthography is dactyloides.]

PROTISTA.

elegantulus, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol.

1, Calcif. Gr. [Sig. elegant.]
formosus, Meek & Worthen, 1870, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sei., Niagara Gr. [Sig.
beautiful.]
fungosus, Hall, 1861, Geo. Rep. Wfs.,

Galena Gr. [Sig. spongy.]
globularis, Hall, 1861, Supp. Geo. Rep.

Wis., Galena Gr. [Sig. globular.]
heinisphericus, Hall, 1861, Geo. Rep. Wis.

Niagara Gr. [Sig. hemispherical.]
infundibulus, Hall, 1861, Geo. Rep. Wis.,

Niagara Gr. [Sig. a funnel.]
insularis, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.

Antic, Antiuosti Gr. [Sig. upon an

island.]
iowensis, Owen, 1852, (Selenoides iowen-

sis) Geo. Rep. Wis., Iowa and Minn.

[Ety. proper name.]
jonesi, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Low. Held. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
neptuni, De France, 1827, Diet, des Sci.

Nat., vol. 45, Trenton Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
occidentalis, Salter, 1859, Can. Org. Rem.

Decade 1, Trenton Gr. [Sig. Western.]
ohioensis, Hall & Whitfield, 1875, Ohio

Pal., vol. 2, Niagara Gr. [Ety proper

name.]
oweni, Hall, 1861, Geo. Rep. Wis., Galena

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
reticulatus, Owen, 1840, (Orbituloides

reticulata) Rep. on Min. lands, Niagara

Gr. [Sig. reticulated.]
subturbinatus, Hall, 1863, Trans. Alb.

Inst., vol. 4, Niagara Gr. [Sig. some-
what top-shaped.]
sulcatus, Owen, 1844. This name was pre-
occupied and the species is now named

R. oweni.
Rhabdakia, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1.

[Ety. rhabdos, a rod.]
fragilis, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Calcif. Gr. [Sig. frail, brittle.]
furcata, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Calcif. Gr. [Sig. forked.]

Ribeiria, Sharpe, 1853, Jour. Geo. Soc, vol.
9. [Ety. proper name (?).]
(?) calcifera, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss.,
vol. 1, Calcif. Gr. [Ety. from the Cal-
cif erous Group.]
(?) longiuscula, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss.,
vol. 1, Calcif. Gr. [Sig. somewhat the
longest.]
Rotalia, Lamarck, 1804, Ann. Mus. [Ety.
rota, a wheel.]
baileyi, Hall, 1858, Trans. Alb. Inst., vol.
4, Warsaw Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Scyphia, Oken, 1815, Lehrb. Naturg.
digitata, see Brachiospongia digitata.
stellata, Troost, 1840. Not clearly defined.
Selenoides, Owen, 1852. Syn. for Receptacu-
lites.
iowensis, Owen, 1852, see Receptaculites
iowensis.
Siplwnia, Parkinson, 1820, Organ. Rem.
cratera, see Palaeomanon cratera.
imbricato-articulata, see Astylospongia im-

bricato-articulata.
prsemorsa, see Astylospongia praemorsa.
Splienopoterium, Meek & Worthen, 1866. A
Syn. for Palaeacis.
coinpressum, see Palaeacis compressus.
cuneatum, see Palaeacis cuneatus.
erwrme, see Palaeacis enormis.
enorme var. depressum, see Palaeacis enormis

var. depressus.
obtusum, see Palaeacis obtusus.
Spongia, Linnaeus, 1789, Systema Naturae.

inciso-lobata, see Astylospongia inciso-
lobata.
dellatim-sulcata, see Astylospongia stel-
latim-sulcata.
Trachyum, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1.
[Ety. trachus, rough, rugged.]
cyathiforme, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss.,
vol. 1, Quebec Gr. [Sig. cup-shaped.]
rugosum, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,
Quebec Gr. [Sig. wrinkled.]
Triciiospongia, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss.,
vol. 1. [Ety. trichias, to show hairs ;
spongia, a sponge.]
sericea, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,
Calcif erous Gr. [Sig. silky.]

SUB-KINGDOM EADIATA

CLASS POLYPI

ORDER ZOANTHARIA

FAMILY ASTRvEID.E.— Astrsea, Sarcinula.

FAMILY CYATHOPHYLLIDJE.— Acervularia, Acrophyllum, Amplexus, Anthophyllum,
Aulophyllum, Axophyllum, Baryphyllum, Blothroph3'llum, Campophyllum, Cho-
nophyllum, Clisiophyllum, Combophyllum, Cyathophyllum, Cyclolites, (?) Cysti-
phyllum, Diphyphyllum, Duncanella, Eridophyllum, Ethmophyllum, Hadrophyl-
lum, Heliophyllum, Heterophrentis, Lithostrotion, Lonsdaleia, Lophophyllum,
Microcyclus, Omphyma, Pachyphyllum, Palaeocyclus, Palaeophyllum, Petraia,
Phillipsastrea, Ptycophyllum, Smithia, Streptelasma, Strombodes, Vesicularia,
Zaphrentis.

FAMILY CYATHAXONID.E.— Cyathaxonia.

FAMILY FA VOSITID^E.— Alveolites, Astrocerium, Bolboporites, Chetetes, Cladopora,
Columnaria, Columnopora, Dendropora, Emmonsia, Faviphyllum, Favistella,
Favosites, Leptopora, Limaria, Lunatipora, Michelinia, Monticulipora, Nebulipora,
Sphserolites, Stellipora, Stenopora, Striatopora, Tetradium, Thecia, Trachypora,
Vermipora.

FAMILY HALYSITID^E. — Calapoecia, Haimeophyllum, Halysites, Syringopora.

FAMILY MILLEPORID.E.— Fistulipora, Heliolites, Lyellia, Plasmopora, Rhombopora,
Thecostegites.

FAMILY PORITID.E.— Pleurodictyum, Protarea.

ORDER ALCYONARIA.

FAMILY ALCYONID.E.— Aulopora, Heliopora, Quenstedtia.

FAMILY TUBIPORID^E.— Cannopora, Caunopora, Dictyostroma, Lamellopora, Stro-
matocerium, Stromatopora, Syringostroma, Tubipora.

FAMILY GRAPTOLITID^E.— Buthograptus, Callograptus, Chonograptus, Cladograptus,
Climacograptus, Dawsonia, Dendrograptus, Dicranograptus, Dictyonema, Didymo-
graptus, Diplograptus, Discopbyllum, Graptolithus, Inocaulis, Megalograptus,
Monograptus, Xemagraptus, Nereograptus, Phyllograptus, Plurnalina, Ptilograptus,
Rastrites, Retiograptus, Retiolites, Staurograptus, Tetragraptus, Thamnograptus.

41

POLYPI.

Acervularia, Schweigger, 1820, Handb. der
Naturg. [Ety. acervus, a heap, con-
sidered as a body.]
clintonensis, Nicholson, 1875, Ohio Pal.,
vol. 2, Clinton Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
davidsoni, Edwards & Haime, 1851, Mono-
graph, Corniferous & Ham. Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]
inequalis, Hall, 1873, 23rd Reg. Rep. Che-
mung Gr. [Sig. unequal.]
profunda, Hall, 1858, Geo. of Iowa, Cor-
niferous and Ham. Gr. [Sig. deep.]
rugosa, Hall, 1843, (Astrea rugosa) Geo.
Rep. 4th Dist. N. Y., Onondaga Gr.
[Sig. wrinkled.] Is this Cyathophyl-
lum rugosum?
Acrophyllum, Thomson & Nicholson, 1870,
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist,, 4th series, vol.
17. *[Ety. akros, the point or summit ;
phylhn, a leaf.]
oneidaense, Billings, (CI i s i o p h y 1 1 u m
oneidaense) Can. Jour. Corniferous
Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Agaricia, Lamarck, 1801, Syst. des Anim.
sans. Yert.
swinderniana, see Thecia swinderniana.
Alveolites, Lamarck, 1801, Syst. des An.
sans. Vert. [Ety. alreus, a cavity;
litho.% stone.]
billings'i, Nicholson, 1874, Geo. Mag. N.
S., vol. 1, Corniferous Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]
confertus, Nicholson, 1874, Geo. Mag. N.
S., vol. 1, Cornif. Gr. [Sig. thick or
crammed in close together.]
cryptodens, Billings, 1859, Can. Jour.,
vol. 4, Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. hidden-
toothed.]
distans, Nicholson, 1874, Geo. Mag. N. S.,
vol. 1, Cornif. Gr. [Ety. in allusion to
the distance between the calices.]
dubia, see Favosites dubius.
exsul, Hall, 1876, 28th Reg. Rep. Niagara

Gr. [Sig. a wanderer.]
flsheri, Billings, 1859, Can. Jour. Up

Held. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
frondosus, Nicholson. 1874, Geo. Mag. N,
S., vol. 1, Ham. Gr. [Sig. full of
branches.]
goldfussi, Billings, 1859, Can. Jour. Ham.

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
granulosus, James, 1875, Catal. Cin. Foss.,
Cincinnati Gr. [Sig. full of granules.]
labechi, Edwards & Haime, 1851, Pal.
Foss. des Terr., Palseoz., Anticosti Gr.
[Ety. proper name.]
labiosus, Billings, 1859, Can. Jour., Corni-
ferous Gr. [Sig. large-lipped.]
megastoma, Winchell, 186(5, Rep. Low.
Peninsula, Mich., Ham. Gr. [Sig.
large-mouthed ; from the large oblique
cell mouths.]
niagarensis, Rominger, 1876, Foss.
Corals, Niagara Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]
ramulosus, Nicholson, 1874, Geo. Mag.
Corniferous Gr. [Sig. full of little
sprigs.]

repens, Fought, 1749, (Millepora repens)

Amam. Acad., vol. 1, Niagara Gr. [Sig.

creeping.]
reticulata, see Favosites reticulatus.
rockfordensis, Hall, 1873, Chemung Gr.,

26th Reg. Rep. [Ety. proper name.]
roemeri, Billings, 1859, Can. Jour., Ham.

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
selwyni, Nicholson, 1874, Geo. Mag. N. S.,

vol. 1, Corniferous Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
squamosus, Billings, 1859, Can. Jour.,

Corniferous Gr. [Sig. scaly, rough.]
strigillatus, "Winchell, 1866, Rep. Low.

Peninsula, Midi., Ham. Gr. [Sig.

wide-furrowed.]
subramosus, Rominger, 1876, Foss.

Corals, Ham. Gr. [Sig. somewhat

ramose.]
vallorum, Meek, 1868, Trans. Chi. Acad.

Sci., Devonian. [Sig. intrenched.]
Amplexus, Sowerby, 1812, Mineral Conch-

ology, vol. 1. [Ety. amplexus, encir-
cling, surrounding.]
cingulatus, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol.

1, Mid. Sil. [Sig. banded, from the

sharp-edged rings of growth.]
coralloides, Sowerby, 1812, Min. Conch.,

vol. 1, Warsaw Gr. [Sig. like a coral.]
exilis, Billings, 1875. Can. Nat. & Geol.

Corniferous Gr. [Sig. small.]
fragilis, White & St. John, 1868, Trans.

Chi. Acad. Sci., Keokuk Gr. [Sig.

frail.]
mirabilis. Billings, 1875. Can. Nat. & Geol.,

Coal Meas. [Sig. wonderful.]
shumardi, M. Edwards, 1851, (Cyathoph-

yllum shumardi) Mon. des Polyp.

Foss. , Niagara Gr. [Ety. proper name. ]
yandelli, Edwards & Haime, 1851, Pal.

Foss. des Ter. Paheoz., Devonian.

[Ety. proper name.]
zaphrentiformis, White, 1876, Geo. Uinta

Mountains, Low. Aubrey Gr. [Sig.

in form like the genus Zaphrentis.]
Anthophylmtm, Schweigger, 1820, Handb.

der Naturg. [Ety. anthos, a flower;

phylhn, a leaf.]
denticulatum, Goldfuss, 1826, Petref.

Germ., Niagara Gr. [Sig. denticu-
lated.]
expansum, Owen, 1840, Rep. on Mineral

Lands, Devonian. [Sig. spread out,]
Astrsca, Lamarck, 1815, Histoire Naturelle

des Animaux sans Yertebres.
gigas, see Phillipsastrea gigas.
heliautholdes, as identified by D'Archiac

& Verneuil, see Heliophyllum Halli.
mammillarix, Fischer as identified by

Castlenau, Syn. for Lithostrotion

canadense.
mammillark, see Phillipsastrea mammil-

laris.
rugomt, see Acervularia rugosa.
\mdaia, Troost. 1840, 5th Geo. Rep. Tenn,,

Low. Carb. Not satisfactorily defined.

jv'Lyt:

47

AsntocEEirx, Hall. 1852, PaL X. Y.. voL 2.

~Y:v. ■■■ .-. -:."■.? i. -;.'i ~-.-y~. -...'
7: .-.'- j :. > - -■•- :.- ' -./.-. :--:. .",

-y:'. :.;■::. '. : :.■■"•' •- "v- ..:"- - :.rr. >. '.
have placed the species under that
head also,
constrictum. Hall, 1*32, PaL H.Y, voL 2,
Niagara Gr. [Sig. constricted.]
asiticuni. Hall, 1852, PaL X. Y., voL 2,

Xiagara Gr. [Sig- parasitie-]
pvriforme, HaB, 1852, PaL X. Y., voL 2,

" Xiagara Gr. [Sig. pear-shaped.]
venustum, HaB, 1852, PaL X. Y., voL 2,

Xiagara Gr. [Sig. elegant.]
AnoPBYixrx, Edwards* Haime, 1850, Brit

PaL Foss. [Ety. amkm, a pipe ; pkgOom,

a plant.]
lichardsoni, Meek, 1868, Trans. ChL

Acad. SriL, Devonian. [Ety. proper

1836, Germ. Petrel

Yjoldfuss.

proe; worm, ■ pom.]

aperta, WincheB, 1866, Bep. Low. Penin-
sula. Mich.. Ham.Gr. [Sig- open, wide.]

araehnoidea,HaU, 1847, PaL X. Y. voL 1,
Trenton & Hud Riv. Gr. [Sag. in the
form of a cob-web.]

conferta, Winchell, 1866, Bep. Low. Pen-
insula, Mich. Ham. Gr. [Sig. thick or
crammed in dose together.]

curwmfa, see Quenstedtia eornuta.

cvdopora. Winchell. 1866. Rep. Low. Pe-
ninsula, Mich.. Ham. Gr. [Ety. btiMm*
a drde; jxmm, a pore.]

Roniineer, 1876, Foss. Corals.,
Gr. [Sig. erect.]

numrnus, Billings, 1859, Can. Jour., voL
4, Corntterous Gr. [Sig. thread-like.]

mweuBis, HaB, 1873, 23rd Reg. Rep., Che-

Rep.,
me.]

niung Gr. [Etv. proper n
pret ins. HaB, 1876, 28th Reg. Rep., Xiag-

ara Gr. [Sig- a kind of grapevine.]
repens, Walch et Knorr, 1775, «;MBlepo-
rites repens) Samiulung von Merit.,
Xiaeara Gr. [Sig. creeping.]
sasivadum, HaB, 1873, 23rd Reg. Rep.,
Chemung Gr. [Sig. stone-bottomed.]
sehobariae, HaB, 1874, 26th Reg. Rep.,
Low. Held Gr. [Etv. proper name.]
serpens, Goldfuss, 1826, Germ. Petrel,
Hamilton Gr. [Sig. crawling.]
loklea. Winchell, 1866, Rep. Low.
Mich., Ham. Gr. [Sig.
worm-formed.]
tnbreformis,Goldfus$, 1826, Germ. Petrel?
Lonsdale, 1839, March. SB. Syst., Ham.
Gr. [Sig. trumpet formed.]
umbeilijiem. see Quenstedtia umlffli/era.
Ariimra. Castelnan. syn- for IJthostrotion.

COTMKfcwe, see Lithostrotion canadense.
Axophyxlfm, Edwards & Haime, 1850, Brit.
Pal. Foss. [Etv. axum, axis; phjBom,
-.'.at.'..]

h'bulum, Worthen, 1875. Geo. Sur.

DL, vol. 6. CoalMeas. [Sig. a funnel.]

rudis, White & St. John, 1868. Trans.

Chi. Acad. ScL, Coal Meas. [Sig. rude,

rustic.]

BiarFHTUXTB, Edwards A Haime, 1880,

- ::: ~i — ■ -.'.« ; V:-. '■■ ■■> ■■...-.-
; ■'•'■; '■■" '■ - ] -■■:'-: "
.,:•_:.,,:: • V ,.. .-. ; 7." ■-■ . - v,v
Sur. DL, voL 3, Onondaga Gr.
sandy.]

BLOTuaoPHYLLrM, BUlings, 1859, Can. Jour.

>-

■•■■:

■ - : > : .

voL 4,

phjflmL, aplant]
approximatnm, Xicbolson, 1875, Can. Xat

^ '-•-' r:.::-.: > •-:. ~- _• .,--.- v.
imate.]
csspitosum, Bominger, 1876, Foss. Corals,

decortkatum, BOtings, 1859, Can. Jour.,

voL 4, Comiferous Gr. OHg. peeled,

barked.]
Bolbopoeites, Billings. 1859, Can. Xat &

GeoL, voL 4, [Ety. Mfo, a bulb;

pom, ■ > jej
americanus, BUtings, 1859, Can. Xat A

Geo., voL 4, Chazy Gr. [Ety. proper

Bcthoguapttjs, Hall, 1861, Geo. Rep. Wis.
[Ety. fattog, in the deep; grapfo, to

laxus, HaB, 1861, Geo. Rep. Wis., Trenton
Gr. [Sig. loose.]

!, GoMfuss, syn. for Favosites.
, see Favosites basatticus.
see Favosites
Fav

fiamm, see Favosites favosos.
jKbnmt. see MonticuUpora fibrosa.
juried war. dmoidea, see Favosites forbesi

a pla
infnndil

see Favosites gothlandicus.
», see Favosites heliolitifornus.
hemkpherka,, see Favosites hemisphericus.
i»f«nd;b<ilif«rmiK Goldfass, as identified

by D'Archiac & Yerneofl.
sMdbnolftt, Geinitz, see Chetetes mackrothi.
maxima, see Favosites maximus.
ftiifiii, m b ChetetM tuoi Ina
wittehtOi, see Favosites winchelli,
Caijlpobcla, Billings. 1865, Can. Xat & Geo.,

2d ser., voL 2, Mid. SB. [Ety- bah*,

beautiful; }«Htatx, spotted.]
antkostiensis. BBlings, 1865, Can. Xat. &

Geo., 2d series, voL 2, Mid. SB. [Ety.

proper name.]
canadensis, Billings. 1865, Can. Xat &

Geo., 2d series, voL 2, Black Riv. Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
huronensis, BBhngs, 1865, Can. Xat. <fc

Geo., 2d series, voL 2, Hud Riv. Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
Calxocbaptcs, HaB, 1865, Can. Org. Rem.,

Decade 2. [Ety. ball**, beautiful;

grapho, to write.]
(?) difmtH*, see Dendrograptus diffusus.
elegans, HaB, 1865, Can. Org. Rem., De-
cade 2, Quebec Gr. [Sig. elegant]
salterl HaB, 1865, Can. Oig. Rem., Decade

.. Qpeibec Gri pHy. | r::-rr ■—in ]

48

POLYPI.

Campophyllum, Edwards & Haime, 1850,
British Foss. Corals. [Ety. tempos, a
sea animal ; phyllon, a plant.]

nanum, Hall, 1873, 23d Reg. Rep. Che-
mung Gr. [Sig. dwarfish.]

texanum, Shumard, 1858, Trans. St. Louis
Acad. Sci., Permian Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]

torquium, Owen, 1852, (Cyathophyllum
torquium) Geo. Rep. Wis., Iowa and
Minn., Coal Meas. [Sig. twisted.]
Caninia, Syn.- for Zaphrentis.

bilateralis, see Zaphrentis hilateralis.
Cannapora, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2.
[Ety. kanna, reed; poros, pore.]

junciformis, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol.
2, Clinton Gr. [Sig. like rush stems
in form.]
Catenipora, Lamarck, 1816, Anim. sans. Vert.

Syn. for Halysites.
Caunopora, Phillips, 1841, Palaeozoic fossils
of Cornwall, Devon and West Som-
erset. [Ety. kaurws, loose ; poros, per-
foration.]

planulata, Hall, 1873, 23rd Reg. Rep.,
Chemung Gr. [Sig. somewhat flat.]
Chetetes, Fisher, 1837, Oryct. du Gouv. Mos-
cou. [Ety. chaite, hair.]

approximatus, see Monticulipora approx-
imata.

attritw, see Monticulipora attrita.

barrandi, see Monticulipora barrandi.

briarens, see Monticulipora briareus.

calicula, see Monticulipora calicula.

carbonarius,Worthen, 1875, Geo. Sur. 111.,
vol. 6, Coal Meas. [Sig. pertaining to
coal.]

cincinnatiensis, see Monticulipora cincin-
natiensis.

clathratulus, syn. for Cyclopora jamesi.

clavacoideus, see Monticulipora clavacoi-
dea.

columnaris, see Tetradium columnare.

consimilis, Hall, 1876, 28th Reg. Rep,,
Niagara Gr. [Sig. similar in all parte.]

cortkans, syn. for Monticulipora tuber-
culata.

dalei, see Monticulipora dalii.

decipiens, see Monticulipora decipiens.

delicahdus, see Monticulipora delicatula.

discoideus, see Monticulipora discoidea.

fibrosw, see Monticulipora fibrosa.

fietcheri, see Monticulipora fletcheri.

frondosas, see Monticulipora frondosa.

gracilis, see Monticulipora gracilis.

hamiltonensis, Winchell, 1866, Rep. Low.
Pen. Mich., Ham. Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]

helderbergise, Hall, 1874, 26th Reg. Rep.
Low., Held. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

jamesi, see Monticulipora jamesi.

lycoperdon, see Monticulipora lycoperdon.

mackrothi, Geinitz, 1846, (Calamopora
mackrothi) Grund., p. 586, Permian
Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

mammulatus, see Monticulipora mammu-
lata.

miJleporaceus, Troost. Where?

microscopica, Winchell, 1866, Rep. Low.
Pen. Mich., Ham. Gr. [Ety. mikros,
small ; skopeo, to view — from the small
branches.]

moniliformis, Nicholson, 1874, Geo. Mag.
N. S., vol. 1, Ham. Gr. [Sig. bead-
like.]

muscatinensis, White 1876, Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci., Devonian. [Ety. proper
name.]

newberryi, see Monticulipora newberryi.

nodulosus, see Monticulipora nodulosa.

onealli, see Monticulipora onealli.

ortoni, see .Monticulipora ortoni.

papillatus, see Monticulipora papillata.

pavonki, see Monticulipora pavonia.

petechialis, see Monticulipora petechialis.

petropolitanm, Pander. It is not evident
that this species is found in America.

pulclielhis,_ Edwards & Haime, as identified
by Nicholson, but I think it is not
found in this country.

quadrangularis, Nicholson, 1874, Geo.
Mag. N. S., vol. 1, Ham. Gr. [Sig.
four cornered ; quadrangular.]

quadratus, see Monticulipora quadrata.

rhombicus, Nicholson, 1875, syn. for Mon-
ticulipora quadrata.

rugosus, Hall, see Monticulipora rugosa.

nujosus, Edwards & Haime, 1851. This
name was preoccupied. Moreover it
is merely a form of Monticulipora
dalii.

sigittarkrides, see Monticulipora sigillari-
oidea.

sphaericus, Hall, 1874, 26th Reg. Rep.
Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. spherical.]

subpulchellm, see Monticulipora subpul-
chella.

tubercukitus, see Monticulipora tubercu-
lata.

tumidus, Phillips, 1836, (Calamopora tum-
ida) Geol. Yorkshire, Low. Carboni-
ferous. [Ety. tumidus, swollen.]
Chonograptus, Hall, 1873, Ann. Mag. Nat.
Hist., 4th series, vol. 13. [Ety. konos, a
twig; grapho, to write.] This sub-
genus is proposed to include the two
species, Graptolithus flexilis and G.
rigidus.
Chonophyllum, Edwards & Haime, 1850,
Brit. Foss. Corals. [Ety. konos, a cone ;
phy lion, a plant.]

belli, Billings, 1865, Can. Nat. & Geo.,
vol. 2, Clinton Gr. [Ety. proper
name. ]

ellipticum, Hall, 1873, 23d Reg. Rep.
Chemung Gr. [Sig. in the form of an
ellipse.]

magnificum, Billings, 1859, Can. Jour.
Corniferous Gr. [Sig. magnificent.]

niagarense, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y, vol. 2,
Niagara Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

ponderosum, Rominger, 1876, Foss. Corals
Ham. Gr. [Sig. bulky, heavy.]
Chonostegites clappi, see Michelinia clappi.

POLYPI.

Cladograptcs, Geinitz, 1852, (Cladograp-

sus) Verst. Grauw. Sachs., etc. [Ety.

klados, a twig ; grapho, to write. ]
dissimilaris, Emmons, 1856, Am. Geol.,

Quebec Gr. [Sig. dissimilar.]
inequalis, Emmons, 1856, Am. Geol.,

Quebec Gr. [Sig. unequal.]
Cladopora, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2.

[Ety. klados, a twig; poros, a pore.]
alpenensis, Rominger, 1876, Foss. Corals,

Ham. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
aspera, Rominger, 1876, Foss. Corals,

Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. rough.]
csespitosa, Hall, 1852, Pal. N, Y., vol. 2,

Niagara Gr. [Sig. turf-like.]
canadensis, Rominger, 1876, Foss. Corals,

Ham. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
cervicornis, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,

Niagara Gr. [Sig. shaped like the

horns of a stag.]
dichotoma, Hall, 1858, Geo. Sur. Iowa,

Ham. Gr. [Sig. dividing into two.]
expatiata, Rominger, 1876, Foss. Corals,

Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. spread out.]
fibrosa, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,

Niagara Gr. [Sig. fibrous.]
imbricata, Rominger, 1876, Foss. Corals,

Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. imbricated.]
labiosa, Billings, 1859, Can. Jour., Cornif-

erous Gr. [Sig. full lipped.]
laqueata, Rominger, 1876, Foss. Corals,

Niagara Gr. [Sig. paneled.]
lichenoidea, Winchell & Marcy, 1865,

Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., Niagara Gr.

[Sig. resembling a lichen.]
macrophora, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol.

2, Niagara Gr. [Sig. from the wide

meshes.]
magna, Hall, 1873, 23rd Reg. Rep., Up.

Held. Gr. [Sig. great.]
multipora, Hall 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,

Niagara Gr. [Sig. having many pores. ]
palmata, Hall, 1873, 23rd Reg. Rep., Up.

Held. Gr. [Sig. having five lobes.]
pinguis, Rominger, 1876, Foss. Corals,

Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. plump.]
prolifica, Hall, 1873, 23rd Reg. Rep., Up.

Held. Gr. [Sig. prolific]
pulchra, Rominger, 1876, Foss. Corals,

Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. beautiful.]
reticulata, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,

Niagara Gr. [Sig. reticulated.]
rimosa, Rominger, 1876, Foss. Corals,

Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. full of fissures.]
robusta, Rominger, 1876, Foss. Corals,

Corniferous & Ham. Gr. [Sig. robust.]
seriata, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,

Niagara Gr. [Sig. from the regular

alternating series of openings.]
turgida, Rominger, 1876, Foss. Corals,

Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. swollen.]
verticillata, Winchell & Marcy, Bost. Soc.

Nat. Hist., Niagara Gr. [Sig. whorled.]

Climacograptus, Hall, 1865, Can. Org. Rem.

Decade 2. [Ety. klimax, a small ladder ;

grapho, to write.]
antennarius, Hall, 1863, (Graptolithus an-

tennarius) Geo. of Can., Quebec Gr.

[Ety. from the antennse.~\
bicornis, Hall, 1847, (Graptolithus bicor-

nis) Pal. N. Y., vol. 1, Hud. Riv. Gr.

[Ety. having two horns.] This is the

type of the genus,
parvus, Hall, 1865, Can. Org. Rem., De-
cade 2, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. small.]
tvpicalis Hall, 1865, Can. Org. Rem., De-
cade 2, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Ety. type

of the genus, though the genus was

founded on C. bicornis.]
Clisiophyllum, Dana, 1846, Explor. Exped.,

vol. 8. [Ety. Tdmon, a tent ; from the

conical central boss; phyllon, a plant.]
gabbi, Meek, 1864, Pal. California, Carb.

[Ety. proper name.]
oneidsmse, Billings, 1859, Can. Jour. Cor-
niferous Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

This species is placed in the new

genus acrophyllum, by Thomson &

Nicholson.
Columnaria, Goldfuss, 1826, Germ. Petref.

[Ety. Columnarius, formed of columns.]
alveolata, Goldfuss, 1826, Germ. Petref.

Black Riv. Gr. [Sig. hollowed out.]
blainvilli, Billings, 1858, Can. Nat. &

Geo., vol. 3, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
carterensis, Safford, 1869, Geo. of Tenn.,

Trenton Gr. [Ety proper name.]
divergens, Troost, 1840, 5th Geo. Rep.

Tenn., Devonian. [Sig. divergent.]
erratica, Billings, 1858, Can. Nat. & Geo.,

Trenton Gr. [Sig. straying abroad.]
goldfussi, Billings, 1858, Can. Nat. & Geo.,

vol. 3, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
herzeri, svn. for Favistella stellata.
incerta, Billings, 1859, Can. Nat. & Geo.,

vol. 4, Chazy Gr. [Sig. uncertain.]
inequalis, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,

Coralline limestone. [Sig. unequal.]
intermedia, Eaton, 1832, Geo. Text Book,

(?) Gr. [Sig. intermediate.]
parva, Billings, 1859, Can. Nat. & Geo.,

vol. 4, Chazy Gr. [Sig. small.]
rigida, Billings, 1858, Can. Nat. <k Geo.,

vol. 3, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. rigid.]
troosti, Castelnau, 1843, syn. for Lons-

daleia papillata.
Columnopora, Nicholson, 1874, London Geo.

Mag., N. S., vol. 1. [Ety. columna, a

column ; pora, a pore.]
cribriformis, Nicholson, 1874, London Geo.

Mag., vol. 1, Cin'ti Gr. [Sig. having

the form of a seive.]
huronica, Rominger, 1876, (Houghtonia

huronica) Foss. Corals, Hud. Riv.

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Combophyllum, Edwards & Haime, 1858-

[Ety. kombos, a strip of cloth ; phyllorn

a plant.]

BO

POLYPI.

multiradiatum, Meek, 1868, Trans. Chi.

Acad. Sci., Devonian. [Sig. many

rayed.]
Conophyllum, Hall, 1852. Syn. for Chono-

phyllum.
niagarense, see Chonophyllum Niagarense.
Constellaria: Dana, 1848, Zoophytes, syn. for

Stellipora.
comtellata, syn. for Stellipora antheloidea.
polystomella, Nicholson, syn. for Stellipora

antheloidea.
Cyathaxonia, Michelin, 1846, Icon. Zooph.

[Ety. kuathm, a cup ; axones, a tablet

made to turn on its axis.]
distorta,Worthen, 1875, Geo. Sur. 111., vol.

6, Coal Meas. [Sig. distorted.]
prolifera, see Lophophyllum proliferum.
Cyathophyllum, Goldfuss, 1826, Petref.

Germ. [Ety. kuathus, a cup ; phyllon,

a plant.]
arcticum, Meek, 1868, Trans. Chi. Acad.

Sci., Devonian. [Sig. from the arctic

regions of the north.]
anticostiense, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss.,

vol. 1, Mid. Sil. [Ety. proper name.]
billingsi, Dawson, 1868, Acad. Geol. Low.

Carb. [Ety. proper name.]
caespitosum, (?) Goldfuss, 1826, Petref.

Germ., Corniferous Gr. [Sig. turfy.]
calyculare, Owen, 1840, Rep. on Mm.

Lands, Devonian. [Sig. like a flower

bud.]
ceratites, as identified by D'Archiac & Ver-

neuil. Not American,
coalitum, Rominger, 1876, Foss. Corals,

Corniferous Gr. [Sig. grown together.]
corinthium, Owen, 1840, Rep. on Min.

Lands, Devonian. [Ety. from resem-
blance to a Corinthian column.]
cristatum, Rominger, 1876, Foss. Corals,

Ham. Gr. [Sig. tufted, crested.]
dianthus, (?) Goldfuss, 1826, Germ. Petref.,

Onondaga Gr. [Sig. the flower of

Jove.]
eriphele, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Mid. Sil. [Ety. mythological name.]
euryone, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Mid. Sil. [Ety. mythological name.]
excentricum, as identified by D'Archiac &

Verneuil. Not American.
flexuosum, (?) Owen, syn. for Campophyl-

lum torquium.
geniculatum, Rominger, 1876, Foss. Corals,

Ham. Gr. [Sig. knotted, geniculated.]
gigas, Yandell & Shumard, 1847, Co/itrib.

to Geol. Ky., Devonian. [Sig. large.]
• gracile, Troost, 1840, 5th Geo. Rep. Tenn.

Low. Carb. [Sig. slender.]
helianthoides, Goldfuss, 1826, Germ.

Petref., Devonian. [Sig. rayed like the

sunflower.] See Heliophyllum halli.
houghtoni, Rominger, 1876, Foss. Corals,

Devonian. [Ety. proper name.]
interruptum, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss.,

vol. 1, Mid. Sil. [Sig. interrupted.]
uvenis, Rominger, 1876, Foss. Corals,

Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. young.]

lesueuri, Hall, 1859, figured without

specific name in 1843, 4th Dist. Rep.

N. Y., Onondaga Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
nymphale, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol.

1, Mid. Sil. [Ety. a fountain.]
panicum, Winchell, 1866, Rep. Low. Pen.

Mich., Ham. Gr. [Sig. panic, or strag-

ling appearance.]
partitum, Winchell, 1866, Rep. Low.

Pen. Mich., Ham. Gr. [Ety. from the

vertical partitions in the internal

cavitv.]
pasithea", Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Mid. Sil. [Ety. mythological name.]
pelagicum, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol.

1, Mid. Sil. [Sig. belonging to the

deep sea.]
pennanti, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Mid. Sil. [Ety. proper name.]
profundum, Conrad, see Streptelasma pro-
funda.
quadrigeminum , as identified by d'Archiac

& Verneuil. Not American,
radicula, Rominger, 1876, Foss. Corals,

Niagara Gr. [Sig. a little root.]
rugosum, Edwards & Haime, 1851, Pal.

Foss. des Terr Palaeoz., Corniferous

Gr. [Sig. wrinkled.]
scyphus, Rominger, 1876, Foss. Corals,

Ham. Gr. [Sig. a cup.]
shumardi, see Amplexus shumardi.
solitarium, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.

Antic, Clinton & Niagara Gr. [Sig.

alone.]
torquium, see Campophyllum torquium.
turbinatnm, of the N. Y. Rep's, see Helio-
phyllum halli.
undulatum et multiplicatum, Owen, 1840,

Rep. on Min. lands, Devonian. [Sig.

many waved lines.]
vanuxemi, Hall, 1859, figured without

specific name in 1843, 4th Dist. Rep.

N. Y., Ham.Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
vermiculare, (?) Owen, syn. for Campo-

phvllum torquium.
wahlehbergi, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss.,

vol. 1, Mid. Sil. [Ety. proper name.]
Cyathopora iowensh, see Striatopora iowensis.

There is no genus Cyathopora, and if

Dr. Owen did not intend to refer his

species to Cyathophora, then he failed

to establish a genus by neglecting to

define it.
Cyclolites, Lamarck, 1801, Syst. Anim.

sans. Verteb. [Ety. kuklos, a circle ;

lUhos, a stone.]
rotuloides, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,

Clinton Gr. [Ety. rotula, a little

wheel; eidos, a form.]
Cystiphyllum, Lonsdale, 1839, Murch. Sil.

Syst. [Ety. kustis, a vesicle or small

cavity ; phyllon, a plant. ]
aggregatum, Billings, 1859, Can. Jour.

Ham. Gr. [Sig. aggregated.]
americanum, Edwards & Haime, 1851,

Monogr. Pal. Foss., Ham. Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]

POLYPI.

Bl

americanum var. arcticum, Meek, 1868,
Trans. Chi. Acad. Sci., Ham. Gr.
[Ety. from the arctic or northern re-
gion.]

cylindrkum, (not Lonsdale) see Cystiphyl-
lum americanum.

fruticosum, Nicholson, 1875, Geo. Mag.,
vol. 2, N. S., Corniferous Gr. [Sig.
full of stems.]

grande, Billings, 1859, Can. Jour., Cor-
niferous Gr. [Sig. large.]

huronense, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.
Antic, Clinton & Niagara Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]

maritima, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol.

1, Mid. Sil. [Sig. of the sea.]
mundulum, Hall, 1873, 23d Reg. Rep.,

Chemung Gr. [Sig. fine, neat.]
ohioense, Nicholson, 1875, Ohio Pal., vol.

2, Corniferous Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
senecaense, Billings, 1859, Can. Jour.,

Devonian. [Ety. proper name.]

squamosum, Nicholson, 1875, Geo. Mag.
N. S., vol. 2, Corniferous Gr. [Sig.
rough or scaley.]

sulcatum, Billings, 1859, Can. Nat. & Geo.,
vol.4, Corniferous Gr. [Sig. furrowed.]

supermini, Nicholson, 1875, Geo. Mag.,
vol. 2, N. S., Ham. Gr. [Sig. stately,
nice.]

vesiculosum, Goldfuss, 1826, Petref. Germ.
Devonian. [Sig. full of vesicles.]
Dawsonia, Nicholson, 1873, Ann. Mag. Nat.
Hist. 4th ser., vol, 12. [Ety. proper
name.] Supposed to be the ovarian
vesicles of Graptolites.

acuminata, Nicholson, 1873, Ann. Mag.
Nat. Hist., 4th ser., vol. 12, Quebec
Gr. [Sig. pointed.]

campanulata, Nicholson, 1873, Ann. Mag.
Nat. Hist., Quebec Gr. [Sig. bell-
shaped.]

rotunda, Nicholson, 1873, Ann. Mag. Nat.
Hist., Quebec Gr. [Sig. round.]

tenuistriata, Nicholson, 1873, Ann. Mag.
Nat. Hist, Quebec Gr. [Sig. finely
striated.]
Dendrograptus, Hall, 1865, Can. Org. Rem.,
Decade 2. [Ety. dendron, a tree ; grapho,
to write.]

diffusus, Hall, 1865, Can. Org. Rem.,
Decade 2, Quebec Gr. [Sig. diffused,
hanging loose.]

divergens, Hall, 1865, Can. Org. Rem.,
Decade 2, Quebec Gr. [Ety. divergo,
to extend from a point in different
directions.]

erectus, Hall, 1865, Can. Org. Rem., De-
cade 2, Quebec Gr. [Sig. standing up-
right.]

flexuosus, Hall, 1865, Can. Org. Rem.,
Decade 2, Quebec Gr. [Sig. crooked.]

fruticosus. Hall, 1865, Can. Org. Rem.,
Decade 2, Quebec Gr. [Sig. full of
shoots or stems.]

gracilis, Hall, 1865, Can. Org. Rem., De-
cade 2. Quebec Gr. [Sig. slender.]

hallianus, Prout, 1851, (Graptolithus hal-
lianus) Am. Jour. Sci. 2d ser., vol. 11,
Potsdam sandstone. [Ety. proper
name.]

striatus, Hall, 1865, Can. Org. Rem., De-
cade 2, Quebec Gr. [Sig. striated.]
Dendropora, Michelin, 1846, Icon. Zooph.
[Ety. dendron, a tree ; pora, a pore.]

alternans, Rominger, 1876, Foss. Corals
Ham. Gr. [Sig. alternately.]

neglecta, Rominger, 1876, Foss. Corals,
Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. overlooked.]

ornata, Rominger, 1876, Foss.Corals, Ham.
Gr. [Sig. ornamented.]

proboscidialis, Rominger, 1876, Foss.
Corals, Ham. Gr. [Sig. having a pro-
boscis.]

reticulata, Rominger, 1876, Foss. Corals,
Ham. Gr. [Sig. reticulated.]
Dichograptus, syn. for Graptolithus.
Dicranograptus, Hall, 1865, Can. Org. Rem.
Decade 2. [Ety. dikranos, two pointed;
grapho, to write.]

divaricatus, Hall, 1859, (Graptolithus di-
varicatus) Pal. N. Y., vol. 3, Hud.
Riv. Gr. [Sig. wide apart.]

furcatus, Hall, 1847, (Graptolithus fur-
catus) Pal. N. Y., vol. 1, Hud. Riv.
Gr. [Sig. forked.]

ramosus, Hall, 1847, (Graptolithus ra-
mosus) Pal. N. Y., vol. 1, Hud. Riv.
Gr. [Sig. branching.]

sextans, Hall, 1847, (Graptolithus sex-
tans) Pal. N. Y., vol. 1, Hud. Riv. Gr.
[Ety. sextans, a sixth part ; probably
named from the regular diverging
bifurcations at an angle of sixty de-
grees.]
Dictyonema, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2.
[Ety. dictyon, a net; nema, a thread.]

cadens, Hall, 1865, Can. Org. Rem., De-
cade 2, Ham. Gr. [Sig. drooping.]

fenestrata, Hall, 1868, 20th Reg. Rep.,
Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. having openings.]

gracilis, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,
Niagara Gr. [Sig. slender.]

grandis, Nicholson, 1873, Ann. Mag. Nat.
Hist, 4th ser., vol. 12, Quebec Gr.
[Sig. grand.]

hamiltonise, Hall, 1865, Can. Org. Rem.,
Decade 2, Ham. Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]

irregularis, Hall, 1865, Can. Org. Rem.,
Decade 2, Quebec Gr. [Sig. irregular.]

murrayi, Hall, 1865, Can. Org. Rem., De-
cade 2. Quebec Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]

neenah.Hall, 1861, Geo. Rep. Wis. Tren-
ton Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

quadrangularis, Hall, 1865, Can. Org.
Rem., Decade 2, Quebec Gr. [Sig.
four sided.)

retiformis, Hall, 1843, (Gorgonia reti-
formis) Geo. Rep. 4th Dist. N. Y.,
Niagara Gr. [Sig. net-formed.]

robusta, Hall, 1865, Can. Org. Rem., De-
cade 2, Quebec Gr. [Sig. hardy,
strong.]

POLYPI.

splendens, Billings, 1874, Pal. Foss. vol.
2, Up. Sil. [Sig. splendid.]

websteri, Dawson, 1868, Acad. Geol.,
Niagara Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Dictyostroma, Nicholson, 1875, O. Pal., vol.
2. [Ety. dictyon, a net ; stroma, a layer.]

undulata, Nicholson, 1875, Ohio Pal. vol.
2, Niagara Gr.. [Ety. from the undu-
lating layers.]
Didymograptus, McCoy, 1851, Pal. Foss.
[Ety. didymos, twin or double; grapho,
to write.]

caduceus, Salter, 1853, (Graptolithus ca-
duceus) Quar. Jour. Geo. Soc, vol. 9,
Quebec Gr. [Sig. falling down, frail.]
Diphyphyllum, Lonsdale, 1845, Russ. &
Ural. Mts. [Ety. diphyia, a division;
phyllon, a leaf.]

archiaci, Billings, 1859, Can. Jour., Up.
Held. & Ham. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

arundinaceum, Billings, 1859, Can. Jour.
Corniferous Gr. [Sig. like a reed.]

csespitosum, Hall, 1852, (Diplophyllum
csespitosum) Pal. N. Y., vol. 2, Niagara
Gr. [Sig. turf -like.]

coralliferum, Hall, 1852, (Diplophyllum
coralliferum) Pal. N. Y., vol. 2, Coral-
line limestone. [Ety. coralium, a coral;
fero, to bear; in allusion to the fact
that the specimens were found en-
closed in a species of Stromatopora.]

gigas, Rominger, 1876, Foss. Corals., Ni-
agara Gr. [Sig. great.]

huronicum, Rominger, 1876, Foss. Corals,
Niagara Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

rectiseptatum, Rominger, 1876, Foss.
Corals, Ham. Gr. [Ety. from the
straight septae.J

stramineum, Billings, 1859, Can. Jour.,

Corniferous Gr. [Sig. made of straw.]

Diplogbaptus, McCoy, 1854, (Diplograpsus)

Brit. Pal. Rocks. [Ety. diploos, duplex ;

grapho, to write.]

amplexicaulis, Hall, 1847, (Graptolithus
amplexicaule) Pal. N. Y., vol. 1, Trent.
Gr. [Ety. amplexus, embracing ; caulis,
a stalk or stem. ; in allusion to the
triangular scales surrounding the cen-
tral stipe.]

angustifolius, Hall, 1859, (Graptolithus
angustifolius) Pal. N. Y., vol. 3, Hud.
Riv. Gr. [Sig. narrow-leaved.]

ciliatus, Emmons, 1856, Am. Geol., Trent.
Gr. [Sig. fringed.]

dissimilaris, Emmons, 1856, Am. Geol.,
Quebec Gr. [Sig. dissimilar.]

foliaceus, (?) Murch, 1839, (Graptolitesfoli-
aceus) Murch, Sil. Syst., Hud. Riv. Gr.
[Sig. leaf- like.]

foliosus, Emmons, 1856, Am. Geol., Que-
bec Gr. [Sig. full of leaves.]

folium, (?) Hisinger, 1837, (Prionotus
folium) Leth. Suec, Hud. Riv. Gr.
[Sig. a leaf or thin plate.]

inutilis, Hall, 1865, Can. Org. Rem., Dec.
2, Quebec Gr. [Sig. not useful.]

laciniatus, Emmons, 1856, Am. Geol.,
Quebec Gr. [Sig. pointed, jagged.]

marcidus, Hall, 1859, (Graptolithus mar-
cidus) Pal. N. Y., vol. 3, Hud. Riv.
Gr. [Sig. rotten, flagging, from the
shrunken stipe.]

mucronatus, Hall, 1847, (Graptolithus
mucronatus) Pal. N. Y., vol. 1, Hud.
Riv. Gr. [Sig. sharp-pointed.]

obliquus, Emmons, 1856, Am. Geol., Que-
bec Gr. [Sig. oblique.]

peosta, Hall, 1861, (Graptolithus peosta)
Geo. Rep. Wis., Trenton Gr. [Ety.
proper name. (?)]

pristiniformis, Hall, 1858, (Graptolithus
pristiniformis) Rep. of Progr. Can.
Sur., Quebec Gr. [Sig. an ancient
form.] This species is probably iden-
tical with Fucoides dentata, Brongiart,
1828, Hist. Veg. Foss., vol. 1.

pristis, (?) Hisinger, 1837, (Prionotus pris-
tis) Leth. Suec, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig.
a saw fish.]

putillus, Hall, 1865, Can. Org. Rem., De-
cade 2, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. a dwarf.]

rugosus, Emmons, 1856, Am. Geol., Que-
bec Gr. [Sig. rugose.]

rectangularis, McCoy, 1854, Brit. Pal.
Rocks, Low. Sil. [Sig. rectangular.]

secalinus, Eaton, 1847, (Fucoides secali-
nus) Pal. N. Y., vol. 1, Hud. Riv. Gr.
[Sig. resembling a small grain.]

setaceus, Emmons, 1856, (Glossograpsus
setaceus) Am. Geol., Quebec Gr. [Sig.
hairy.]

spinulosus, Hall, 1859, (Graptolithus spin-
ulosus) Pal. N. Y, vol. 3, Hud. Riv.
Gr. [Sig. full of little spines.]

whitfieldi, Hall, 1859, (Graptolithus whit-
fieldi) Pal. N. Y, vol. 3, Hud. Riv.
Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Diplophyllum, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y, vol. 2,
syn. for Diphyphyllum.

■caespitosum, see Diphyphyllum caespi-
tosum.

coralliferum, see Diphyphyllum coralli-
ferum.
Discophyllum, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y. vol. 1.
[Ety. diskos, a disc; phyllon, a leaf.]

peltatum, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y, vol. 1,

Hud. Riv.Gr. [Sig. half-moon-shaped.]

Duncanella, Nicholson, 1874, Ann. Mag.

Nat. Hist, 4th ser., vol. 13. [Ety.

proper name.]

borealis, Nicholson, 1874, Ann. Mag. Nat.
Hist, 4th ser., vol. 13, Niagara Gr.
[Sig. belonging to northern latitudes.]
Emmonsia, Edwards & Haime, 1851, Mono-
graphic des Polyp., Foss. des Terr.
Palaeoz. [Ety. proper name.]

hemispherica, Troost, 1840, (Calamopora
hemispherica) 5th Geo. Rep. Tenn.,
Corniferous Gr. (Sig. hemispherical.]

Jiemispherica, Yandell & Shumard, 1847,
(Favosites hemispherica) Contrib. to
Geol. of Ky., Corniferous Gr. This
species was first described by Troost,
who gave the Falls of the Ohio as one
of its localities.

POLYPI.

5:;

Eridophyllum, Edwards & Haime, 1850, Brit.

Fobs. Corals. [Ety. erldos, in dispute;

phyllon, a plant.]
rugosum, Edwards & Haime, 1851, Pol.

Foss. des Terr. Pal., Niagara Gr. [Sig.

wrinkled.]
simcoense, Billings, 1S59, Can. Jour., new

ser., vol. 4., Clinton Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
strictum, Edwards & Haime, 1851, Pol.

Foss. des Terr. Pal., Corniferous Gr.

[Sig. gathered, narrow.]
vennori, Billings, 1865, Can. Nat. & Geo.,

2d ser., vol. 2, Clinton Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
verneuilianum, Edwards & Haime, 1851,

Pol. Foss. des Terr. Pal., Corniferous

Gr. [Ety. proper name. ]
Ethmophylmjm, Meek, 1868, Am. Jour. Sci.

& Arts, 2d ser., vol. 45. [Ety. elhrnon,

aseive; phyllon, a plant.]
gracile, Meek, 1868, Am. Jour. Sci. & Arts,

2d ser., vol. 45, Up. Sil. [Sig. slender.]
whitneyi, Meek, 1868, Am. Jour. Sci. &

Arts, 2d ser., vol. 45, Up. Sil. [Ety.

proper name.]
Faviphyllum, as used by Hall, 1852, Stans.

Exped. to Great Salt Lake. [Ety.

favus, honey-comb; phyllon, a plant.]
rugosum, Hall, 1852, Stansbury's Exped.

to Great Salt Lake, Coal Meas. [Sig.

wrinkled.]
Favisteli.a, Hall, 1847, Pal. X. Y., vol. 1.

[Etv. favus, honey-comb ; Stella, a star.]
favosidea, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,

Clinton Gr. [Sig. honey-comb-like.]
stellata, Hall, 1847, Pal. X. Y, Hudson

Riv. Gr. [Sig. starred.]
Favosites, Lamarck, 1812, Cours. de Zool.

du Mus. d'Hist. Nat. [Ety. fams,

honey-comb.]
alpenensis, Winchell, 1866, Rep. Low.

Pen. Mich., Ham. Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
alveolaris, DeBlainville, 1834, Man. d'

Actinol., as identified by Hall, in 1843,

Onondaga Gr. [Sig. full of cells.]
asper, D'Orbigny, 1849, Prodr. de Pal-

aeont., Clinton Gr. [Sig. rough.]
basal ticus, Gold fuss, 1826, Germ. Petref.,

(Calamopora basaltica) Devonian.

[Sig. basaltic]
billingsi, Rominger, 1876, Foss. Corals,

Ham. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
capax, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.

Antic, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. large.]
cervicornis, DeBlainville, as identified by

Billings, 1859, Can. Jour., vol. 4, De-
vonian. [Sig. deer-horned.]
clausus, Rominger, 1876, Foss. Corals,

Devonian. [Sig. closed up.]
conicus, Hall, 1874, 26th Reg. Rep., Low.

Held. Gr. [Sig. cone-shaped.]
constrictus, Hall, 1852, (Astrocerium con-

strictum) Pal. N. Y., vol. 2, Niagara

Gr. [Sig. constricted.]

cristatus, Edwards & Haime. 1851, Pol.

Foss. Terr. Palaeoz., Niagara Gr. [Sig.

peaked.]
cumberlandicus, Troost, 1840, (Calamo-
pora cumberlandica) 5th Geo. Rep.

Tenn., Low. Carb. [Ety. proper

.name.]
digitatus, Rominger, 1876, Foss. Corals.

Ham. Gr. [Sig. fingered.]
dubius, Blainville, 1839,(Alveolites dubia)

Corniferous Gr. [Sig. doubtful.]
dumosus, Winchell, 1866, Rep. Low.

Pen. Mich., Ham. Gr. [Sig. bushy.

clustered.]
emmonsi, Rominger, 1876, Foss. Corals,

Up. Held. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
epidermatus, Rominger, 1862, Am. Jour.

Sci. & Arts, Corniferous Gr. [Sig.

covered with a crust or skin.]
excretus, Hall, 1876, 28th Reg. Rep., Ni-
agara Gr. [Sig. separated.]
favosus, Goldfuss, 1826, Germ. Petref.,

(Calamopora favosa) Niagara Gr. [Sig.

honey-combed.]
forbesi, Edwards & Haime, 1854, Brit.

Foss. Corals, Niagara Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
forbesi, var. discoideus, Roemer, 1860, (Cal-
amopora forbesi, var. discoidea) Sil.

Fauna W. Tenn., Niagara Gr. [Sig.

like a dish.]
goldfussi, D'Orbigny, 1850, Prodr. de

Palaeont, Devonian. [Ety. proper

name.]
gothlandicus, Lamarck, 1816, Hist. An.

sans. Vert., Up. Sil. [Ety. proper

name.]
hamiltonensis, Rominger, 1876, Foss.

Corals, Ham. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
helderbergise, Hall, 1874, 26th Reg. Rep.

Low. Held. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
heliolitiformis, Rominger, 1862, (Calamo-
pora heliolitiformis) Am. Jour. Sci.,

vol. 34, 2nd series, Devonian. [Sig.

from its resemblance to Heliolites.~\
hemisphericw, see Emmonsia hemis-

ph erica,
hisingeri, Edwards & Haime, 1851, Pal.

Foss. des Terr. Palaeoz., Niagara Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
hispidus, Rominger, 1876, Foss. Corals,

Niagara Gr. [Sig. bristly.]
infundibuliformis, as identified by d'Arch-

iac & Vefneuil. Not America,
ihtertextus, Rominger, 1876, Foss. Corals,
' Ham. Gr. [Sig. interlaced.]
invaginatus, Nicholson, 1875, Ohio Pal.,

vol. 2, Corniferous Gr. [Sig. sheathed,

en wrapped. J
limitaris, Rominger, 1876, Foss. Corals,

Corniferous Gr. [Sig. on the border,

from its resemblance to CladoporaA
lycoperdon, see Monticulipora lycoperdon.
man us, Winchell, 1863, Proc Acad. Nat.

Sci., Kinderhook Gr. [Sig. the hand.]
maximus, Troost, 1S40, (Calamopora max-
ima) 5th Geo. Rep. Tenn., Devonian.

[Sig. largest.]

54

POLYPI.

minimus, Hall, 1874, 26th Reg. Rep., Low.

Held. Gr. [Sig. smallest.]
niagarensis, Hall, 1852, Pal. X. Y., vol. 2,

Niagara Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
niagarensis, var. spinigerus, Hall, 1870,

28th Reg. Rep., Niagara Gr. [Sig.

spiny.]
nitellus, Winchell, 1866, Rep. Low. Pen.

Mich., Ham. Gr. [Sig. delicate,

smooth.]
obliquus, Rominger, 1876, Foss. Corals,

Niagara Gr. [Sig. oblique.]
parasiticus, Hall, 1852, (Astrocerium par-

asiticum) Pal. N. Y., vol. 2, Niagara

Gr. [Sig. parasitic] This name was

preoccupied by Phillips in his Geol.

of Yorkshire,
placenta, Rominger, 1876, Foss. Corals,

Ham. Gr. [Sig. a cake.]
pleurodictyloides, Nicholson, 1875, Ohio

Pal., vol. 2, Corniferous Gr. [Sig.

resembling Pleurodictyum.~\
polymorphs, Goldfuss, 1826, Germ.

Petrel, Corniferous Gr. [Sig. having

many-forms.]
prolificus, Billings, 1865, Can. Nat, &

Geol., 2d series, vol. 2, Mid. Sil. [Sig.

abundant.]
pyriformis, Hall, 1852, (Astrocerium pyri-

forme) Pal. N. Y., vol. 2, Niagara Gr.

[Sig. pear-shaped.]
radiatus, Rominger, 1876, Foss. Corals,

Ham. Gr. [Sig. radiated.]
radiciformis, Rominger, 1876, Foss. Corals,

Devonian. [Sig. root-like.]
reticulatus, DeBlainville, 1830, (Alveolites

reticulata) Diet., vol. 60, Niagara Gr.

[Sig. reticulated.]
spongilla, Rominger, 1876, Foss. Corals,

Niagara Gr. [Sig. a little sponge.]
striatus, Say, 1818, Am. Jour. Sci., vol. 1,

Niagara Gr. [Sig. striated.]
tuberosus, Rominger, 1876, Foss. Corals,

Corniferous Gr. [Sig. composed of

tubes.]
turbinates, Billings, 1859, Can. Jour., vol.

4, Corniferous Gr. [Sig. top-shaped.]
venustus, Hall, 1852, (Astrocerium venus-

tum) Pal. N. Y., vol. 2, Niagara Gr.

[Sig. elegant,]
whitfieldi, White, 1874, Rep. Invert. Foss.,

Low. Carb. [Ety. proper name.]
winchelli, Rominger, 1862, (Calamopora

winchelli) Am. Jour. Sci., vol. 34, 2d

ser., Devonian. [Ety. proper name.]
Filicifes gracilis, Shumard, see Plumalina

gracilis.
Fistuupora, McCoy, 1849, Ann. & Mag.

Nat. Hist,, 2d ser., vol. 3. [Ety. fistula,

a pipe ; pora, a pore.]
acervulosa, Rominger, 1866, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci., Ham. Gr. [Sig. many clus-
tered together.]
canadensis, Billings, 1859, Can. Nat. &

Geo., vol. 4, Devonian. [Ety. proper

name.]

compressa, Rominger, 1866, Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci., Keokuk Gr. [Sig. com-
pressed.]

crnssa, Rominger, 1866, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci., Ham. Gr. [Sig. thick.]

elegans, Rominger, 1866, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci., Ham. Gr. [Sig. elegant.]

eriensis, Rominger, 18(56, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci., Ham. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

flabellum, Rominger, 1866, Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci., Warsaw Gr. [Sig. fan-like.]

halli, Rominger, 1866, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci., Niagara Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

helios, Rominger, 1866, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci., Corniferous Gr. [Sig. the sun.]

labiosa, Winchell, 1866, Rep. Low. Pen.
Mich., Ham. Gr. [Sig. full-lipped.]

lunata, Rominger, 1860, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci., Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. crescent-
shaped.]

minuta, Rominger, 1866, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci., Ham. Gr. [Sig. very small.]

neglecta, Rominger, 1866, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci., Niagara Gr. [Sig. overlooked.]

nodulifera, Meek, 1872, Pal. E. Neb., Coal
Meas. [Sig. bearing knots.]

occidens, Hall, 1873, 23d Reg. Rep., Che-
mung Gr. [Sig. western.]

peculiaris, Rominger, 1866, Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci., Keokuk Gr. [Sig. peculiar.]

safi'ordi, Winchell, 1866, Rep. Low. Pen.
Mich., Ham. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

spergenensis, Rominger, 1860, Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci., Warsaw Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]

spinulifera, Rominger, 1800, Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci., Ham. Gr. [Sig. spine-
bearing.]

stellifera, Rominger, 1800, Proc. Acad.
Nat, Sci., Ham. Gr. [Sig. star-bearing.]

sulcata, Rominger, 1800, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci., Ham. Gr. [Sig. furrowed.]

trifolia, Rominger, 1800, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci., Keokuk Gr. [Sig. three-leaved.]

utriculus, Rominger, 1800, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci., Ham. Gr. [Sig. a little bag.]
Gbssograptus, Emmons, (Glossograpsus) 1850,
Am. Geol., pt. 2. Prof. Hall uses the
termination graptus, instead of grapms,
because the latter termination is used
in the nomenclature of Crustacea. This
genus is a synonym for Diplograptus.

cilialus, Emmons, 1850, Am. Geol. This
name will be found preoccupied by
Emmons, under the genus Diplograptus.

setaceus, Emmons, 1850, Am. Geol. See
Diplograptus setaceus.
Graptolithus, Linnaeus, 1730, Syst. Naturse.
[Ety. graplio, to write; lilhos, stone.]

abnormis, Hall, 1858, Rep. of Progr. Can.
Sur., Quebec Gr. [Sig. abnormal.]

alatus,Hall, 1858, Rep. of Progr. Can. Sur.,
Quebec Gr. [Sig. winged.]

amplexkaule, see Diplograptus amplexi-
caulis.

angustifolius, see Diplograptus angusti-
folius.

POLYPI.

56

antennarius, see Climacograptus anten-
narius.

arcuatus, Hall, 1865, Can. Org. Rem.,
Decade 2, Quebec Gr. [Sig. bent, bow-
shaped.]

bdmoutemi*, White, conditional name.

bicornu, see Climacograptus bicornis.

bifidus, Hall, 18 8, Can. Nat. & Geo., vol.
3, Quebec Gr. [Ety. bis, twice; fidi,
to split.]

bigsbyi, Hall, 1865, Can. Org. Rem., Decade

2, Quebec Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
bryonoides, Hall, 1858,Rep. of Progr.Can.

Sur., Quebec Gr. [Sig. like moss.]
Same species called Fucoides serra,
Brongiart, 1828,Yeg. Foss., vol. 1. See
Tetragraptus bryonoides.

caduceus, see Didvmograptus caduceus.

clintonensis, Hall, 1843, Geo. Rep., 4th
Dist. N. Y, Clinton Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]

constrictus, Hall, 1865, Can. Org. Rem.,
Decade 2, Quebec Gr. [Sig. con-
stricted.]

crucifer, Hall, 1858, Rep. of Progr. Can.
Sur., Quebec Gr. [Sig. the cross-
bearer.]

dentatus, Emmons, 1842, Geo. Rep. N. Y.,
Utica slate. [Sig. toothed.] This may
be Fucoides dentatus of Brongiart.

denticulatus, Hall, 1858, Rep. of Progr.
Can. Sur., Quebec Gr. [Sig. small-
toothed.]

divaricatus, Hall, 1859, Pal. X. Y., vol.

3, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. wide apart,]
See Dicranograptus divaricatus.

divergens, Hall, 1859, Pal. X. Y., vol. 3,

Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. to extend from a

point in different directions.]
ensiformis, see Retiolites ensiformis.
extensus, Hall, 1858, Rep. of Progr. Can.

Sur., Quebec Gr. [Sig. extended.]
extenuatus, Hall, 1865, Can. Org. Rem.

Decade 2, Quebec Gr. - [Sig. thinned

away.]
flaccidus, Hall, 1865, Can. Org. Rem. De-
cade 2, Utica shales. [Sig. withered.]
flexilis, Hall, 1858, Rep. of Progr. Can.

Sur., Quebec Gr. [Sig. pliant, flexible.]

See Chonograptus flexilis.
foliacrus, see Diplograptus foliaceus.
folium, (?) see Diplograptus folium,
fruticosus, Hall, 1858, Rep. of Progr.,

Quebec Gr. [Sig. bushv.]
furcatus, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,

Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. forked.] See

Dicranograptus furcatus.
gracilis, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,

Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. slender.]
halliartus, see Dendrograptus hallianus.
headi, Hall, 1858, Rep. of Progr. Sur.

Can., Quebec Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
hypniformis, see Diplograptus hypni-

formis.
indentus, Hall, 1858, Rep. of Prog. Can.

Sur., Quebec Gr. [Sig. indented.]
lpevis, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1, Hud.

Kiv, Gr, [Sig, smooth,]

logani, Hall, 1858, Rep. of Progr. Can.

Sur., Quebec Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
marcidus, see Diplograptus marcidus.
milesi, Hall, 1861, Geo. Rep. Vermont,

Quebec Gr, [Ety. proper name.]
mucronatus, see Diplograptus mucronatus.
multifasciatus, Hall, 1865, Decade 2, Can.

Org. Rem., Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. many

swathed or banded.]
nitidus, Hall, 1858, Rep. of Progr. Can.

Sur., Quebec Gr. [Sig. neat.]
octobrachiatus, Hall, 1858, Rep. of Progr.

Can. Sur., Quebec Gr. [Sig. having

eight arms.]
octonarius, Hall, 1858, Rep. of Progr.

Can. Sur., Quebec Gr. [Sig. belonging

to the number eight.]
patulus, Hall, 1858, Rep. of Progr. Can.

Sur., Quebec Gr. [Sig. spread out.]
pennatulus, Hall, 1865, Can. Org. Rem.,

Decade 2, Quebec Gr. [Sig. having

small wings.]
peosta, see Diplograptus peosta.
pristw, see Diplograptus pristis.
putiUus, see Diplograptus putillus.
pristiniformis, see Diplograptus pristini-

formis.
quadribrachiatus, Hall, 1858, Rep. of

Progr. Sur. Can., Quebec Gr. [Sig.

having four arms.] See Tetragraplus

quadribrachiatus.']
quadrimucronatus, Hall, 1865, Can. Org.

Rem., Decade 2, Utica shales\ [Sig.

having four sharp points or spines.]
ramosus, see Dicranograptus ramosus.
ramulus, Hall, 1865, Can. Org. Rem. De-
cade 2, Quebec Gr. [Sig. a little

branch.]
ramulus, White, 1874, Rep. Invertebrate

Foss., Trenton Gr. This name was

preoccupied by Hall in 1865.
richardsoni, Hall, 1865, Can. Org. Rem.,

Decade 2, Quebec Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
rigidus, see Chonograptus rigidus.
scalaris, Linna?us as identified by Van-

uxem, 1842, Geo. Rep. 3rd Dist.N. Y.,

Utica slate. [Sig. a ladder.]
secalinus, see Diplograptus secalinus.
serratulus, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,

Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. like a small saw.]
Sagittarius, Hisinger, 1837, (Prionotus

Sagittarius) Leth. Suec. Supp., Hud.

Riv. Gr. [Sig. an archer.]
textems, see Dicranograptus sextans.]
similis, Hall, 1865, Can. Org. Rem., De-
cade 2, Quebec Gr. [Sig. like in

aspect.]
spinulosus, see Diplograptus spinulosus.
tentaculatm, see Retiograptus tentaculatus.
tenuis, (?) Portlock, 1843, Geo. Rep. Lon-
donderry, Hud. Riv.Gr. [Sig. slender.]
(enutr, Hall. This name was preoccupied

by Portlock, in 1843.
venosus, see Retiolites venosus.
whitfieldi, see Diplograptus whitfieldi,

56

POLYPI.

Hadrophyllum, Edwards & Haime, 1850,

Brit. Foss. Corals. [Ety. hadros,

mighty ; phyllon, a plant.]
orbignyi, Edwards & Haime, 1850, Brit.

Foss. Corals, Devonian. [Ety. proper

name.]
Haimeophyllum, Billings, 1859, Can. Jour.,

vol. 4. [Ety. proper name ; phyllon, a

plant]
ordinatum, Billings, 1859, Can. Jour., vol.

4, Corniferous Gr. [Sig. well-arranged.]
Halysites, Fischer, 1813, Zoognosia, vol. 1.

[Ety. halysion, a small chain or neck-
lace.]
agglomeratus, Hall, 1843, (Catenipora ag-

glomerata) Geo. Rep., 4th Dist. N. Y.,

Niagara Gr. [Sig. to gather into a

mass.]
catenulatus, Linnaeus, 1767, Syst. Nat.,

Niagara Gr. [Ety. catena, a chain ;

latus, wide.]
compactus, Rominger, 1876, Foss. Corals,

Niagara Gr. Syn. for H. agglomerata.
escharoides, Lamarck, 1816, Hist, des

Anim. sans. Vert., Niagara Gr. [Sig.

grate-shaped.]
gracilis, Hall, 1851, Geo. Lake Sup. Land

Dist., vol. 2, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig.

slender.]
meandrina, Troost, 1840,(Cateniporamean-

drina) 5th Geo. Rep. Tenn., Niagara

Gr. The definition is too meagre for

identification.
Heliolites, Dana, 1846, Zooph. [Ety. helios,

sun ; lithos, stone.]
affinis, Billings, 1865, Can. Nat. & Geo.,

2d ser., vol. 2, Hud. Riv. & Mid. Sil.

[Sig. contiguous.]
elegans, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,

Niagara Gr. [Sig. elegant.]
exiguus, Billings, 1865, Can. Nat. & Geo.,

2d ser., vol. 2, Mid. Sil. [Sig. little.]
interstinctus, Linne, 1767, (Madrepora

interstincta) Syst. Nat., Niagara Gr.

[Sig. divided.]
macrostylus, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol.

2, Niagara Gr. [Ety. makros, long;

stylos, a column.]
megastoma, McCoy, 1851, Brit. Pal. Foss.,

Niagara Gr. [Ety. megas, great ; stoma,

mouth.]
pyriformis, Guett.,1770, Mem. 3, Niagara

Gr. [Sig. pear-shaped.]
sparsus. Billings, 1865, Can. Nat. & Geo.,

2d ser., vol. 2, Mid. Sil. [Sig. scattered.]
speciosus, Billings, 1865, Can. Nat. & Geo.,

2d ser., vol. 2, Mid. Sil. [Sig. beautiful.]
spinoporus, Hall, 1852, Pal. N.Y., vol. 2,

Niagara Gr. [Ety. spina, a spine ; porus,

a pore.] In allusion to the spiniform

rays in the interior of the tubes,
subtubulatus, McCoy, as identified by

Rominger, 1876, Foss. Corals, Niagara

Gr. [Sig. somewhat like H. tubulatus.]
tenuis, Billings, 1865, Can. Nat. & Geo.,

2d ser., vol. 2, Mid. Sil. [Sig. slender.]

Heliophyllum, Hall, 1846, in Dana Zooph.

[Ety. helios, the sun ; phyllon, a plant.]
colbornense, Nicholson, 1875, Can. Nat. &

Geol., Corniferous Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
colligatum, Billings, 1859, Can. Jour., Up.

Held. Gr. [Sig. collected together.]
exiguum, Billings, 1859, Can. Jour., Cor-
niferous Gr. [Sig. little.]
eriense, Billings, 1859, Can. Jour., vol. 4,

Corniferous Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
halli, Edwards & Haime, 1850, Brit. Foss.

Corals. Ham. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
canadense, Billings, 1859, Can. Jour., vol.

4, Corniferous Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
cayugaense, Billings, 1859, Can. Jour.,

vol. 4, Corniferous Gr. [Ety. proper

name],
prolificum, Nicholson, 1874, Rep. Pal. Ont.

Can., Corniferous Gr. [Sig. prolific]
sub-csespitosum, Nicholson, 1874, Geo.

Mag. Lond. N. S., vol. 1, Ham. Gr.

[Sig. somewhat like Cyathophyllum cses-

pitosum.']
tenuiseptum, Billings, 1859, Can. Jour.,

Ham. Gr. [Ety. having slender

septa?.]
Heterophrentjs, Billings, 1875, Can. Nat. &

Geol. [Ety. heteros, irregular; phren,

the midriff or the lamella.]
compta, Billings, 1875, Can. Nat. & Geol.,

Corniferous Gr. [Sig. elegant.]
excellens, Billings, 1875, Can. Nat. &

Geol., Corniferous Gr. [Sig. excellent.]
prolifica, Billings, 1875, Can. Nat. & Geol.,

Corniferous Gr. [Sig. prolific]
spatiosa, Billings, 1859, (Zaphrentis spati-

osa) Can. Nat. & Geol., vol.. 4, Onon-
daga & Corniferous Gr. [Sig. large.]
Houghtonia, syn. for Columnopora.

huronica, see Columnopora huronica.
Inocaulis, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2.

[Ety. inos, small sprouts, like the roots

of herbs ; kaulos, the stock or stem.]
bella, Hall & Whitfield, 1875, Ohio Pal.,

vol. 2, Niagara Gr. [Sig. beautiful.]
plumulosa, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,

Niagara Gr. [Sig. full of feathers.]
Lamellopoka, Owen, 1840, Rep. on Mineral

lands. [Ety. lamella, a small plate;

poros, a perforation.] This genus is a

synonym for Stromatopora, or very

closely related to it.]
infundibularia, Owen, 1840, Rep. on Min-
eral lands, Devonian. [Sig. funnel-
shaped.]
Leptopora, Winchell, 1863, Proc Acad. Nat.

Sci. [Ety. leptos, shallow; pora, a cell.]
typa, Winchell, 1863, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci., Chemung Gr. [Ety. the type of

the genus.]
Limaria, Steininger, 1833, Bui. Soc Geol.

France. [Ety. Limarius, belonging to

slime.]
crassa, Rominger, 1876, Foss. Corals,

Niagara Gr. [Sig. thick.]

POLYPI.

57

falcata, Prout, 1859, Trans. St. Louis Acad.

Sci., Up. Held. Gr. [Sig.sickle-shaped.]

fruticosa, Steininger, 1833, Bui. Soc. Geol.

France, Niagara Gr. [Sig. full of

shoots or stems.]

laminata, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,

Niagara, Gr. [Sig. laminated.]
ramulosa, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,
Niagara Gr. [Sig. full of little
branches.]
Linipora rotunda, one of Troost's names.
Lithostrotiox, Lhwyd, 1699, Lithophyl.
Britann. Ichnographia. [Ety. Mhos,
stone; strotion, little rafter.]
basaUiforme, Conybeare & Phillips, 1822,
as identified by Owen, 1852, see Lithos-
trotion canadense.
californiense, Meek, 1864, Pal. California,

Carb. [Ety. proper name.]
canadense, Castelnau, 1843, (Axinura
canadensis) Terr. Sil. Amerique, Lower
Carb. [Ety. proper name.]
mamillare, Castelnau, syn. for Lithostro-

tion canadense.
pictoense, Billings, 1868, Acad. Geol., Low.

Carb. [Ety. proper name.]
proliferum, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa.,
St. Louis Gr. [Sig. putting forth a
new shoot.]
Lonsdaleia, McCoy, 1849, Ann. & Mag. Nat
Hist., 2d ser., vol. 3. [Ety. proper
name.]
papillata, Fischer, 1837, (Cyathophyllum
papillatum) Oryct. de Moscou. [Sig.
covered with papilli.]
Lophophyllum, Edwards & Haime, 1850,
Brit. Foss. Corals. [Ety. lophos, a
ridge; phyllon, a plant.]
expansum, White, 1876, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phil. Keokuk Gr. [Sig. ex-
panded.]
proliferum, McChesney, 1860, (Cyathax-
onia prolifera) New. Pal. Foss., Coal
Meas. [Sig. abundant.]
Lcnatipora, Winchell, 1866, Rep. Low.
Peninsula Mich. [Ety. lunatus, cres-
cent-formed ; poros, a pore.]
michiganensis, Winchell, 1866, Rep. Low.
Peninsula Mich., Ham. Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]
Lyellia, Edwards & Haime, 1851, Mon. Pol.
Foss. Terr. Palteoz. [Ety. proper
name.]
americana, Edwards & Haime, 1851, Mon.
Pol. Foss. Terr. Palaeoz., Corniferous
Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
decipiens, Rominger, 1876, Foss. Corals,

Niagara Gr. (Sig. deceiving.]
papillata, Rominger, 1876, Foss. Corals,
Niagara Gr. [Sig. covered with
papilli.]
parvituba, Rominger, 1876, Pal. Foss.
Corals, Niagara Gr. [Sig. small-tubed.]
Madrepora, Linnaeus, 1748, Syst. Nat.

repens, Troost, 1840, 5th Geo. Rep. Tenn.
Not satisfactorily defined.

Megalograptus, S. A. Miller, 1874, Cincin'ti
Quar. Jour. Sci., vol. 1. [Ety. megale,
large ; grapho, to write.]
welchi, S. A. Miller, 1874, Cin'ti Quar.
Jour. Sci., Cin'ti Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]
Michelinia, De Koninck, 1842, Descr. des
Anim. Foss. Belg. [Ety. proper
name.]
clappi, Edwards & Haime, (Chonostegites
clappi) Corniferous Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]
convexa, 1850, D'Orbigny, Prodr. de Palse-
ont., Onondaga & Corniferous Gr.
[Sig. convex.]
cylindrica, Edwards & Haime, 1851, Mon.
Pol. Foss., Corniferous Gr. [Sig.
cylindrical.]
favositoidea, Billings, 1859, Can. Jour.,
vol. 4, Corniferous Gr. [Sig. like
Favosites.~\
insignis, Rominger, 1876, Foss. Corals,
Up. Held. & Ham. Gr. [Sig. remark-
able.]
intermittens, Billings, 1859, Can. Nat. &
Geol., vol. 4, Corniferous Gr. [Sig.
ceasing for a time.]
lenticularis, Hall, 1874, 26th Reg. Rep.

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. lens-shaped.]
trochiscus. Rominger, 1876, Foss. Corals,
Ham. Gr. [Sig. a small round ball.]
Microcyclus, Meek & Worthen, 1868, Geo.
Sur. 111., vol. 3. [Ety. mikros, small ;
kuklos, circle.]
discus, Meek & Worthen, 1868, Geo. Sur.
111., vol. 3, Ham. Gr. [Sig. a quoit.]
MUlepora, Linnaeus, 1748, Syst. Nat.

repens, see Alveolites repens.
Monograptus, Emmons, 1856,(Monograpsus)
Am. Geol. [Ety. monos, one ; grapho,
to write.]
elegans, Emmons, 1856, Am. Geol., Que-
bec Gr. [Sig. elegant.]
rectus, Emmons, 1856, Am. Geol. Quebec
Gr. [Sig. straight.]
Monticulipora, D'Orb., 1850, Prodr. de Pal-
seont., vol. 1. [Ety. monticvlus, a
a hillock ; poros, a pore.]
approximata, Nicholson, 1874, (Chetetes
approximatus) Quar. Jour. Geol. Soc,
vol. 30, Cin. Gr. [Sig. near to — from
its near approach to M. dalii.]
attrita, Nicholson, 1874, (Chetetes attri-
tus) Quar. Jour. Geol. Soc. vol. 30,
Cint'i Gr. I believe this is not a
good species, but Nicholson says now
that it should be called Dekayia attrita.
barrandi, Nicholson, 1874, (Chetetes bar-
randii) Quar. Jour. Geol. Soc, vol. 30,
Cin. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
briareus, Nicholson, 1875, (Chetetes bri-
areus) Ohio Pal., vol. 2, Cin'ti Gr.
[Ety. mythological name.]
caliculus, James, 1875, (Chetetes calieula)
Int. Catal. Cin. Foss., Cin'ti Gr. [Sig.
a little cup".]

68

POLYPI.

cincinnatiensis, James, 1875, (Chetetes
cincinnatiensis) Int. Catal. Cin. Foss.
Cin'ti Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

clavicoides, James, 1875, (Chetetes clavi-
coides) Int. Catal. Cin. Foss., Cin'ti
Gr. [Sig. club-shaped.] A vwy doubt-
ful species.

dalii, Edwards & Haime, 1851, (Chetetes
dalii) Pol. Foss. des Terr. Palseoz.,
Cin'ti Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

decipiens, Rominger, 1866, (Chetetes de
cipiens) Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil.
Cin'ti Gr. [Sig. doubtful.]

delicatula, Nicholson, 1874, (Chetetes
delicatulus) Quar. Jour. Geol. Soc,
vol. 30, Cin'ti Gr. [Sig. slender.]

discoidea, Nicholson, 1875, (Chetetes dis-
coideus) Ohio Pal., vol. 2, Cin'ti Gr.
[Sig. disc-like.]

fibrosa, G o 1 d f u s s , 1826, ( Calamopora
fibrosa) Germ. Petref., Cin'ti to Clinton
Gr. [Sig. fibrous.]

fletcheri, Edwards & Haime, 1851, (Che-
tetes fletcheri) Pol. Foss. des Terr.
Paleeoz., Cin'ti Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

frondosa, D'Orbigny, 1850, Prodr. des
Palseont, Cin'ti Gr. [Sig. branchy.]

gracilis, Nicholson, 1874, (Chetetes" gra-
cilis) Quar. Jour. Geo. Soc, vol. 30,
Cin'ti Gr. [Sig. slender.]

jamesi, Nicholson, 1874, (Chetetes jamesi)
Quar. Jour. Geo. Soc, vol. 30, Cin'ti
Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

lvcoperdon, Sav, 1847, (Favosites lycoper-
don) Hall, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1, Trenton
& Hudson Riv. Gr. [Sig. puff-ball-
shaped.]

mammillata, D'Orbigny, 1850, Prodr. de
Paheont, Cin'ti Gr. [Sig. covered
with nipples — mammillated.]

monticula, White, 1876, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci., Devonian. [Sig. small conical
projections.]

newberryi, Nicholson, 1875, (Chetetes
newberryi) Ohio Pal. vol. 2, Cin'ti Gr.
[Ety. proper name.]

nodulosa, Nicholson, 1874, (Chetetes nodu-
losa) Quar. Jour. Geol. Soc, vol. 30,
Cin'ti Gr. [Sig. covered with small
knots.]

o'nealli, James, 1875, (Chetetes o'nealli)
Int. Catal. Cin. Foss., Cin'ti Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]

ortoni, Nicholson, 1874, (Chetetes ortoni)
Quar. Jour. Geol. Soc, vol. 30, Cin'ti
Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

pavonia, D'Orbigny, 1850, (Ptylodictya
pavonia) Prodr. de Palaeont., Cin'ti
Gr. [Ety. Pavonia, a genus of polyps.]

petechialis, Nicholson, 1875, (Chetetes
petechialis) Ohio Pal., vol. 2, Cin'ti
Gr. [Sig. spotted.]

quadrata, Rominger, 1866, (Chetetes
quadratus) Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil.,
Cin'ti Gr. [Sig. four cornered.]

rugosa, Hall, 1847, (Chetetes rugosus)
Pal. N. Y., vol. 1, Cin'ti Gr. [Sig.
wrinkled.]

rugosa, Edwards & Haime, 1851. The

name was preoccupied,
sigillarioides, Nicholson, 1875, (Chetetes
sigillarioides) Pal. Ohio, vol. 2, Cin'ti
Gr. [Ety. from its resemblance to
Sigillaria.']

subpulchella, Nicholson, 1875, (Chetetes
subpulchellus) Ohio Pal., vol. 2, Cin'ti
Gr. [Sig. somewhat like M.pulchella.~]

tuberculata, Edwards & Haime, 1851,
(Chetetes tuberculatus) Pol. Foss. des
Terr. Paleeoz., Cin'ti Gr. [Sig. tuber-
culated.]
Nebulipora, McCoy, 1850, Ann. &Mag. Nat.
Hist., 2d ser., vol. 6. [Ety. nebula,
thick-mist; pora, a pore.]

papillata, McCov, 1850, Ann. & Mag. Nat.
Hist., 2d ser^ vol. 6, Cin'ti Gr. [Sig.
covered with papilli.]
Nemagraptus, Emmons, (Nemagrapsus)
1856, Am. Geol., pt. 2. Prof. Hall
uses the termination graptus, because
grapsus is used in the nomenclature
of Crustacea. [Ety. nema, a thread ;
grapho, to write.]

capillaris, Emmons, 1856, Am. Geol., pt.
2, Quebec Gr. Prof. Hall says this
species is apparently part of a Grapto-
lithus gracilis or of some similar species.
[Sig. like a hair.]

elegans, Emmons, 1856, Am. Geol., pt. 2.
Quebec Gr. [Sig. elegant.]
Nereograptus, Geinitz, 1852, Die Versteiner-
ungen der Grauwacken — formation,
etc. [Ety. Nereis, existing annelids ;
grapho, to write.]

deweyi, Emmons, 1856, Am. Geol., Que-
bec Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

gracilis, Emmons, 1856, Am. Geol., Que-
bec Gr. [Sig. slender.]

jacksoni, Emmons, 1856, Am. Geol., Que-
bec Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

lanceolatus, Emmons, 1856, Am. Geol..
Quebec Gr. [Sig. lanceolate.]

loomisi, Emmons, 1856, Am. Geol., Que-
bec Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

pugnus, Emmons, 1856, Am. Geol., Que-
bec Gr. [Sig. a fist.]

robustus, Emmons, 1856, Am. Geol., Que-
bec Gr. [Sig. robust.]
Oldhamia, Forbes, 1850, Dublin Geo. Jour.
[Ety. proper name.]

antiqua, Forbes, 1850, Dublin Geo. Jour.,
Potsdam Gr. [Sig. ancient.]

fruticosa, Hall, 1865, Can. Org. Rem.'
Decade 2, Trenton Gr. [Sig. branchy.]
Omphyma, Rafinesque, 1820, Ann. des Sci.
Phys. de Bruxelles, vol. 5. [Ety. om-
pliax, (?) a precious stone.]

congregata, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.
Antic, Clinton and Niagara Gr. [Sig.
congregated together.]

drummondi, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil.
Foss. Antic, Clinton & Niagara Gr.
[Ety. proper name.]

POLYPI.

59

stokesi, M. Edwards, (Ptychophyllum
stokesi) as identified by Rominger,
1876, Foss. Corals, Niagara Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]

verrucosa, Edwards & Haime, 1851, Mon.
Pol. Foss. Terr. Paheoz., Niagara Gr.
[Sig. warty.]
Pachyphyllum, Edwards & Haime, 1850,
Brit, Foss. Corals. [Ety. pachys, thick ;
phyllon, a leaf.]

solitarium, Hall, 1873, 23d Reg. Rep. Che-
mung Gr. [Sig. alone, solitary.]

woodmani, White, 1870, (Smithia wood-
mani) Geo. Rep. Iowa, vol. 1, Ham.
Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Pal.eocyclus, Edwards & Haime, 1849,
Polypiers Fossiles. [Ety. potato*, an-
cient ; kuklos, a circle.]

kirbyi, Meek, 1868, Trans. Chi. Acad. Sci.,
Devonian. [Ety. proper name.]
Pal.eophyllum, Billings, 1858, Rep. of Prog.
Can. Sur. [Ety. jjalaios, ancient;
phyllon, a leaf.]

divaricans, Nicholson, 1875, Pal. Ohio,
vol. 2, Cin'ti Gr. [Sig. wide-apart.]

rugosum, Billings, 1858, Rep. of Progr.,
Trenton Gr. [Sig. wrinkled.]
Palaeotrochis, Emmons, 1856, Geo. Rep. Mid-
land counties of North Carolina. This
form Prof. Hall, and later Prof . Marsh,
ascertained to be a peculiar concretion.

major, Emmons. A concretion.

minor, Emmons. A concretion.
Petraia, Munster, 1839, Beitrage zur Petre-
factenkunde, etc. [Ety. petraios, that
grows among rocks.] Streptelasma is
regarded by some as a sub-genus and
by others as a synonym.

angulata, Billings, 1S62, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,
Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. angular.]

aperta, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,
Black Riv. Gr. [Sig. standing open.]

fanningana, Safford, 1869, Geo. of Tenn.,
Low. Held. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

forresteri, Honeyman, 1868, Acadian
Geology. Catalogue name.

latuscula, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,
Mid. Sil. [Sig. a little waist.]

logani, Nicholson, 1875, Can. Nat. & Geo.,
Corniferous Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

minganensis, see Archeocyathus mingan-
ensis.

ottawaensis, Billings, 1865, Can. Nat. &
Geo., 2d series, vol. 2, Trenton Gr.
[Ety. proper name.]

pygmea, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,
Mid. Sil. [Sig. diminutive in size.]

pulchella, Billings, 1865. Can. Nat, &
Geo., 2d series, vol. 2, Mid. Sil. [Sig.
lovely, very pretty.]

rustica, Billings, 1858, Rep. of Progr.,
Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. rustic, uncouth.]

selecta, Billings, 1865, Can. Nat. & Geo.,
2d series, vol. 2, Mid. Sil. [Sig. select,
choice.]

waynensis, Safford, 1869, Geo. of Tenn.,
Low. Held. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

Phillipsastrea, D'Orbigny, 1849, Note Sur

des Polypiers Fossiles. [Ety. proper

name; astrta, from aster, a star.]
affinis, Billings, 1874, Pal. Foss., vol. 2,

Devonian. [Sig. adjoining.]
gigas, Owen, 1840, (Astrsea gigas) Rep. on

Mineral lands, Devonian. [Sig. large.]
mammillaris, Owen, 1840, (Astrea mam-

millaris) Rep. on Mineral lands, De-
vonian. [Sig. mammillated.]
verneuili, Edwards & Haime, 1850, Poly-
piers Foss. des Terr., Ham. Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
yandelli, Rominger, 1876, Foss. Corals,

Up. Held. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Phyllograptus, Hall, 1858, Rep. of Progr.

Can. Sur. [~Ety . phyllon, a leaf ; grapho,

to write.]
angustifolius, Hall, 1858, Rep. of Progr.

Can. Sur., Quebec Gr. [Sig. narrow-
leaved.]
anna, Hall, 1865, Can. Org. Rem., Decade

2, Quebec Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
ilicifolius, Hall, 1858, Rep. of Progr. Can.

Sur., Quebec Gr. [Sig. oak-leaved.]
loringi, White, 1874, Rep. Invertebrate

Foss., Quebec Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
similis, Hall, 1858, Can. Nat. & Geo., vol.

4, Quebec Gr. [Sig. similar.]
typus, Hall, 1858, Rep. of Progr. Can. Sur.,

Quebec Gr. [Ety. type of the genus.]
Plasmopora, Edwards & Haime, 1849, Comp-

tes rend., t. 29. [Ety. plasma, a cast;

poros, a pore.]
follis, Edwards & Haime, 1850, Mon. Pol.

Foss., Niagara Gr. [Sig. a bag of

leather.]
PLEURODiCTYUM,Goldfuss, 1826, Petref.Germ.,

vol. 1. [Ety. pleura, side ; dictyon, a

net]
problematicum, Goldfuss, 1826, Petref.

Germ., vol. 1, Onondaga Gr. [Sig.

doubtful.]
Plumalina, Hall, 1858, Can. Nat. & Geo.,

vol. 3. [Sig. like a feather.]
gracilis, Shumard, 1855, (Filiates gracilis)

Geo. Rep. Mo., Lithographic Gr. [Sig.

slender.]
plumaria, Hall, 1843, (Filicites ?) Geo.

Rep. 4th Dist, N. Y., Chemung Gr.

[Sig. plume-like.]
Polydilasma, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y, vol. 2,

syn. for Zaphrentis.
turbinatum, see Zaphrentis turbinata.
Porites, Lamarck, 1816, Hist, des Anim. sans

Vert. [Ety. poros, a pore.]
astrsziformis, Owen, 1840, Rep. on Mineral

lands, Devonian. This may be the

same species subsequently described

as Pachyphyllum woodmani.
pyriformis, as identified by d'Archiac &

Verneuil. Not American.
vetustus, see Protarea vetusta.
Prionotus, Hisinger, Leth. Suec.
folium, see Diplograptus folium.
pristis, see Diplograptus pristis.

Polypi.

Protarea, Edwards & Haime, 1849, Pol.

Foss. des Terr. Palseoz. [Ety. protos,

first, formerly ; araios, porous, spongy.]
vetusta, Hall, 1847, (Porites vetusta) Pal.

N. Y,, vol. 1, Trenton & Hud. Riv. Gr.

[Sig. ancient.]
verneuili, Edwards & Haime, 1851, Pol.

Foss. des Ter. Palaeoz., Silurian. (?)

[Ety. proper name.]
Ptilograptus, Hall, 1865, Can. Org. Rem.,

Decade 2. [Ety. ptilon, a feather;

grapko, to write.]
geinitzianus, Hall, 1865, Can. Org. Rem.,

Decade 2, Quebec Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
plumosus, Hall, 1865, Can. Org. Rem.,

Decade 2, Quebec Gr. [Sig. plume-
like.]
Ptychophyllum, Lonsdale, 1839, Sil. Syst.

[Ety. ptyche, a ridge or wrinkle ; phyl-

lon, a plant.]
canadense, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol.

1, Mid. Sil. [Ety. proper name.]
stokesi, Edwards & Haime, 1851, Mon.

Pol. Foss. des Terr. Palseoz., Niagara

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Quenstedtia, Rominger, 1876, Foss. Corals.

[Ety. proper name.]
cornuta, Billings, 1859,(Aulopora cornuta)

Can. Jour., vol. 4, Corniferous Gr.

[Sig. horned.]
niagarensis, Rominger, 1876, Foss. Corals,

Niagara Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
umbellifera, Billings, 1859, (Aulopora

umbellifera) Can. Jour., vol. 4, Cor-
niferous Gr. [Sig. umbrella-bearing.]
Rastrites, Barrande, 1850, Graptolites de

Boheme. [Sig. a rake.]
barrandi, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Hud. Riv. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

This may be only part of Graptolithus

gracilis.
Retiograptus, Suess, 1851, Ueber Bomischen

Graptolithen. [Ety. rete, a net ; grapho,

to write.]
barrandi, Hall, 1860, 13th Reg. Rep., Hud.

Riv. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
eucharis, Hall, 1865, Can. Org. Rem.,

Decade 2, Utica slate. [Sig. very

graceful.]
geinitzianus, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol.

3, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
tentaculatus, Hall, 1858, (Graptolithus

tentaculatus) Rep. of Progr. Can. Sur.,

Quebec Gr. [Sig. having feelers.]
Retiolites, Barrande, 1850, Graptolites de

Boheme. [Ety. rete, a net; lithos,

stone.]
ensiformis, Hall, 1858, (Graptolithus en-

siformis) Rep. of Progr. Can. Sur.,

Quebec Gr. [Sig. sword-shaped.]
venosus, Hall, 1852, (Graptolithus ven-

osus) Pal. N. Y., vol. 2, Clinton Gr.

[Sig. reticulated or venose.]
Rhombopora, Meek, 1872, Pal. Eastern Ne-
braska. [Ety. rhombus, a rhomb

pora, a pore.]

lepidodendroidea, Meek, 1872, Pal. East-
ern Nebraska, Upper Coal Meas. [Sig.
like the Lepidodendron.~]
Sarcinula, Lamarck, 1816, Hist, des Anim.
sans. Vert. [Ety. sarcinula, a little
bundle.]

glabra, Owen, 1840, Rep. on Mineral
lands, Devonian. [Sig. smooth.]

(?) obsoleta, Hall, 1857, Geo. Lake Sup.
Land Dist., vol. 2, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig.
obsolete.]

ramosa, Eaton, 1832, Geo. Text Book, (?)
Gr. [Sig. full of branches.]
Smithia, Edwards & Haime, 1851, Pol. Foss.
des Terr. Palseoz. [Ety. proper
name.] This name was preoccupied
for a genus in Botanv.

Johanna, Hall, 1873, 23d Reg. Rep., Che-
mung Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

multiradiata, Hall, 1873, 23d Reg. Rep.,
Chemung Gr. [Sig. many-rayed.]

woodmani, see Pachyphvllum woodmani.

verrilli, Meek, 1868, Trans. Chi. Acad.

Sci., Devonian. [Ety. proper name.]

Sph^erolites, Hinde, 1875, Proc. Geo. Soc.

Lond. [Ety. from forming a sphseroid-

al body.]

nicholsoni, Hinde, 1875, Proc. Geo. Soc.
Lond., Low. Held. Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]
Staurograptus, Emmons, 1856, (Staurograp-
sus) Am. Geol., pt. 2. The termina-
tion graptus, is used because grapsus is
in use in the nomenclature of Crus-
tacea, [Ety. stauros, a cross ; grapho,
to write.]

dichotomus, Emmons, 1856, Am. Geol.,

Quebec Gr. [Sig. divided in two parts.]
Stellipora, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1.
[Ety. Stella, a star; pora, pore.]

antheloidea, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y, vol.
1, Trenton & Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. like
a coral of the genus Anthelia. ]
Stenopora, Lonsdale, 1845, Geol. Russ. &
Ural. Mts., vol. 1. [Ety. stenos, narrow;
])oros, a pore.] Most of the species
placed in this genus belong to Monti-
culipora.

bulbosa, Billings, 1865, Can. Nat. & Geo.,
2d series, vol. 2, Mid. Sil. [Sig. bul-
bous.]

adherens, Billings, 1859, Can. Nat. & Geo.,
vol. 4, Chazy Gr. [Sig. adhering.]

columnaris, Geinitz, 1866,Carb. und Dyas.
in Neb., Coal Meas. [Sig. columnar.]

crassa, Lonsdale, 1845, Geo. Rus., vol. 1,
Coal Meas. [Sig. thick.]

fibrosa, see Monticulipora fibrosa.

exilis, Dawson, 1868, Acad. Geol., Low.
Carb. [Sig. slender.]

huronensis, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol.
1, Hudson River Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]

libana, Safford, 1869, Geo. of Tenn. Not
defined.

patula, Billings, 1859, Can. Nat. & Geo.,
vol. 4, Chazy Gr. [Sig. broad.]

POLYPI.

63

spinigera, Lonsdale, 1845, Geo. Rus., vol.
1, Coal Meas. [Sig. bearing-spines.]
Streptelasma, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1.
[Ety. streptos, twisted ; ela»ma, lamel-
la.]"

calyculus, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,
Niagara Gr. [Sig. a little cup.]

eonulus, Rominger, 1876, Foss, Corals,
Niagara Gr. [Sig. a little cone.]

corniculum, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,
Trenton & Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. a
little horn.]

crassum, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,
Trenton Gr. [Sig. thick.]

expansum, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,
Chazy Gr. [Sig. expanded.]

minimum, Hall, 1876, 28th Reg. Rep.,
Niagara Gr. [Sig. smallest.]

multilamellosum, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y.,
vol. 1, Trenton Gr. [Sig. having many
lamella}.]

parvulum, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,
Trenton Gr. [Sig. small.]

patulum, Rominger, 1876, Foss Corals,
Niagara Gr. [Sig. standing open.]

profundum, Conrad, 1843, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci., (Cyathophyllum profundum)
Black Riv. & Trenton Grs. Was this
name preoccupied by Germar in 1840 ?
[Sig. deep.]

profunda, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,
Birdseye & Black Riv. Grs. If, as
some claim, Streptelasma is a synonym
for Petraia then this name was pre-
occupied by Germar in 1840, as well as
by Conrad in 1843.

radicans, Hall, 1876, 28th Reg. Rep.,
Niagara Gr. [Sig. a root.]

rectum, Hall, 1843, (Strombodes rectus)
Geo. Rep., 4th Disk N. Y., Ham. Gr.
[Sig. straight.]

spongiaxis, Rominger, 1876, Foss. Corals.,
Niagara Gr. [Sig. from the sponge-
like axis.]

strictum, Hall, 1874, 26th Reg. Rep., Ni-
agara Gr. [Sig. narrow, close.]
Striatopora, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2.
[Ety. striatus, striated ; pora, a pore.]

carbonaria, White, 1862, Proc. Bost. Soc,
Nat. Hist., vol. 9, Burlington Gr. [Sig.
pertaining to coal.]

cavernosa, Rominger, 1876, Foss. Corals,
Corniferous Gr. [Sig. full of cavities.]

flexuosa, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,
Niagara Gr. [Sig. bent.]

huronensis, Rominger, 1876, Foss. Corals,

Niagara Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
iowensis, Owen, 1840, (Cyathopora iow-
ensis) Rep. on Min. lands of Iowa, etc.,
Ham. Gr. [Etv. proper name.]
issa, Hall, 1874, 26th Reg. Rep. Low. Held.

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
linnseana, Billings, 1859, Can. Jour.,

Ham. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
missouriensis, Meek & Worthen, 1868,
Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 3, Low. Held. Gr.
[Ety. proper name.]

ragosa, Hall, 1858, Geo. of Iowa, Ham.
Gr. [Sig. wrinkled.] Syn. for Stria-
topora iownttis.
Stromatocerium, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol.

1. [Ety. stroma, layer; herixm, a honey-
comb.]

rugosum, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,
Birdseye & Black River Gr. [Sig.
wrinkled.]
Stromatopora, Goldfuss, 1826, Germ. Petref.
[Ety. stroma, stratum ; poros, a pore.]
This genus is regarded by some au-
thors as a sponge.

alternata, Hall, 1873, 23rd Reg. Rep.,
Chemung Gr. [Sig. alternating.]

csespitosa, Winchell, 1866, Rep. Low.
Penin. Mich., Ham. Gr. [Sig. turf-
like.]

compacta, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,
Black River Gr. [Sig. compact.]

concentrica, Goldfuss, 1826, Germ. Petref.,
Niagara Gr. [Sig. concentric]

constellata, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,
Coralline limestone. [Sig. starry.]

erratica, Hall, 1873, 23d Reg. Rep., Che-
mung Gr. [Sig. erratic]

expansa, Hall, 1873, 23d Reg. Rep., Che-
mung Gr. [Sig. expanded.]

granulata, Nicholson, 1873, Ann. & Mag.
Nat. Hist, 4th series, vol. 12, Cornifer-
ous Gr. [Sig. granulated.]

hindi, Nicholson, 1874, Ann. & Mag.
Nat. Hist., 4th series, vol. 13. [Ety.
proper name.]

incrustans, Hall, 1873, "23d Reg. Rep.,
Chemung Gr. [Sig. incrusting.]

mammillata, Nicholson, 1873, Ann. &
Mag. Nat. Hist., 4th series, vol. 12,
Corniferous Gr. [Sig. mammillated.]

monticulifera, Winchell, 1866, Rep. Low.
Penin. Mich., Ham. Gr. [Sig. bearing
conical projections.]

nodulata, Nicholson, 1875, Ohio Pal., vol.

2, Corniferous Gr. [Sig. from the
elevations that cover it.]

nux, Winchell, 1866, Rep. Low. Penin.

Mich., Ham. Gr. [Sig. a nut.]
ostiolata, Nicholson, 1873, Ann. & Mag.

Nat. Hist. 4th ser., vol. 12, Guelph Gr.

[Sig. a little door.]
perforata, Nicholson, 1874, Ann. & Mag.

Nat. Hist., 4th ser., vol. 13, Corniferous

Gr. [Sig. perforated.]
ponderosa, Nicholson, 1875, Ohio Pal. vol.

2, Corniferous Gr. [Sig. from its

ponderous appearance.]
pustulifera, Winchell, 1866, Rep. Low.

Penin. Mich., Ham. Gr. [Sig. bearing

pustules.]
pvstulosa, Safford. Not defined,
solidula, Hall, 1873, 23rd Reg. Rep., Che-
mung Gr. [Sig. solid.]
substriatella, Nicholson, 1875, Ohio Pal.,

vol. 2, Corniferous Gr. [Sig. some-
what finely striated.]
tuberculata, Nicholson, 1873,Ann. & Mag.

Nat. Hist., 4th ser., vol. 12, Corniferous

Gr. [Sig. tuberculated.]

POLYPI.

verrucosa, Troost, 1840, 5th Geo. Rep.
Term., Devonian. [Sig. warty.]
Stkombodes, Schweigger, 1820, Handb. der
Naturg. [Ety. strombos, twisting; in
allusion to the lamellae spirally twist-
ing about the center.]

alpenensis, Rominger, 1876, Foss. Corals,
Ham. Gr. [Ety- proper name.] Is
this a syn. for Phillipsastrea mammil-
laris?]

diffluens, Edwards & Haime, 1851, Pol.
Foss. des Terr. Palfeoz., Anticosti Gr.
[Sig. flowing in different directions.]

distortus, Hall, 1843. Geo. Rep. 4th Dist.
N. Y., Ham. Gr. [Sig. distorted, ir-
regular in shape.]

eximius, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.,
Antic, Clinton & Niagara Gr. [Sig.
uncommon, excellent.]

gracilis, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,
Mid. Sil. [Sig. slender.]

Mianthoides, (?) Heliophyllum halli.

mammillatus, Owen, as defined by Rom-
inger, 1876, Foss. Corals, Niagara Gr.
[Sig. mammillated.]

pentagonus, Goldfuss, 1826, Germ. Petref.
Niagara Gr. [Sig. pentagonal.]

pygmseus, Rominger, 1876, Foss. Corals,
Niagara Gr. [Sig. dwarfed.]

(?) rectus, see Streptelasma rectum.

simplex, see Zaphrentis simplex.

striatus, D'Orbigny, Niagara Gr. [Sig.
striated.]

vermicularis, Lonsdale, 1849, Trans. Geo.
Soc, vol. 5, Devonian. [Sig. vermi-
cular.]
Syringopora, Goldfuss, 1826, Germ. Petref.
[Ety. syrinx, a pipe; para, a pore.]

alectiformis, Winchell, 1866, Rep; Low.
Penin. Mich., Ham, Gr. [Ety. like a
coral of the genus Alecto. ]

annulata, Rominger, 1876, Foss. Corals,
Niagara Gr. [Sig. ringed.]

cleviana, Edwards & Haime, 1851, Polyp.
Foss., Corniferous Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]

compacta, Billings, 1858, Can. Nat. & Geo.,
vol. 3, Upp. Sil. [Sig. compact.]

crassata, Winchell, 1866. Rep. Low. Penin.
Mich., Ham. Gr. [Sig. thick; in allu-
sion to the thickness of the tube walls.]

dalmani, Billings, 1858, Can. Nat. & Geo.,
vol. 3, Upp. Sil. [Ety proper name.]

debilis, Billings, 1858, Can. Nat. & Geo.,
vol. 3, Upp. Sil. [Sig. weak, feeble.]

elegans, Billings, 1858, Can. Nat. & Geo.,
vol. 3, Corniferous Gr. [Sig. elegant.]

fenestrata, Winchell, 1866, Rep. Low.
Penin. Mich., Ham. Gr. [Sig. reticu-
lated.]

fibrata, Rominger, 1876, Foss. Corals,
Niagara Gr. [Sig. fibrous.]

harveyi, White, 1862, Proc. Bost. Soc.
Nat. Hist. vol. 9, Chemung Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]

hisingeri, Billings, 1858, Can. Nat. &Geo.,
vol. 4, Corniferous Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]

intermedia, Nicholson, 1874, Rep. Pal.
Prov. Ont., Can., Devonian. [Sig. in-
termediate.]

laxata, Billings, 1859, Can. Jour., vol. 4,
Corniferous Gr. [Sig. loose.]

macluri, Billings, I860, Can. Jour., vol. 5,
Corniferous Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

multattenuata, McChesney, 1860, New
Pal. Foss., Coal Meas. [Ety. multum,
much ; attenuatus, slender.]

multicaulis, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,
Niagara Gr. [Sig. having many stems.]

nobilis, Billings, 1858, Can. Nat. & Geo.,
vol. 4, Corniferous Gr. [Sig. remark-
able.]

perelegans, Billings, 1859, Can. Jour., vol.
4, Corniferous Gr. [Sig. very elegant.]

retiformis, Billings, 1858, Can. Nat. &
Geo., vol. 3, Upp. Sil. [Sig. net-
formed.]

reticulata, Goldfuss, 1826, Petref. Germ.,
Devonian. [Sig. reticulated.]

tabulata, Edwards & Haime, 1851, Pol.
Foss. Terr. Palseoz., Up. Held. Gr.
[Sig. tabulated.]

tenella, Rominger, 1876, Foss. Corals,
Niagara Gr. [Sig. delicate.]

tubiporoides, Yandell & Shumard, 1847,
Contributions to Geo. of Ky., Cornif-
erous Gr. [Ety. resembling corals of
the genus Tubipora.]

tubiporoides, Billings. The name was pre-
occupied in 1847.

verneuili, Edwards & Haime, 1851, Polyp.
Foss., Corniferous Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]

verticillata, Goldfuss, 1826, Petref. Germ.,

Up. Sil. [Sig. verticillate, whorled.]

Syringostroma, Nicholson, 1875, Ohio Pal.,

vol. 2. [Ety. syrinx, a pipe ; stroma, a

layer.]

columnare, Nicholson, 1875, Ohio Pal.,
vol. 2, Corniferous Gr. [Sig. colum-
nar.]

densum, Nicholson, 1875, Ohio Pal., vol. 2,
Corniferous Gr. [Ety. from the ap-
parently dense calcareous structure.]
Tetradium, Dana, 1846, Zooph, vol. 8. [Ety.
tetras, four.]

columnare, Hall, 1847, (Chetetes colum-
naris) Pal. N. Y., vol. 1, Trenton Gr.
[Sig. columnar.]

fibratum, Safford, 1856, Am. Jour. Sci.,
vol. 22, Cin'ti Gr. [Sig. threaded.]

fibratum var. apertum, Safford, 1856, Am.
Jour. Sci., vol. 22, Cin'ti Gr. [Sig.
open.]

fibratum var. minus, Safford, 1856, Am.
Jour. Sci. & Arts, vol. 22, Cin'ti Gr.
[Sig. less.]
Tetragraptus, Salter, 1863, Quar. Jour. Geo.
Soc, vol. 19. [Ety. tetras, four; grapho,
to write]. Prof. Hall does not regard
this sub-genus of Graptolithus, con-
sidering the present knowledge of the
subject, with much favor. G. bryon-
oides is made the typical species. G.
quadribrachiatus, also placed in it.

POLYPI.

approximatus, Nicholson, 1873, Ann

Mag. Nat. Hist., 4th series, vol. 12,

Quebec Gr. [Sig. near to.]
Thamnograptus, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol

3. [Ety. thamnus, a shrub ; grapho, to

write.]
anna, Hall, 1865, Can. Org. Rem., Decade

2, Quebec Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
capillaris, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3

Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. hair-like.]
typus, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y, vol. 3, Hud

Riv. Gr. [Ety. type of the genus.]
Thecia, Edwards & Haime, 1849, Comptes

rend., t. 29. [Ety. proper name. (?)]
major, Rominger, 1876, Foss. Corals, Ni-
agara Gr. [Sig. large.]
minor, Rominger, 1876, Foss. Corals,

Niagara Gr. [Sig. less.]
ramosa, Rominger, 1876, Foss. Corals,

Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. branching.]
swinderniana, Goldfuss, 1826, (Agaricia

swinderniana) Petref. Germ., Niagara

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Thecostegites, Edwards & Haime, 1849,

Comptes rend., t. 29. [Ety. theke,

a sheath ; stege, a covering.]
bouchardi, Edwards & Haime, 1854, Brit.

Foss. Corals, Up. Held. Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
hemisphsericus, Roemer, 1860, Sil. Fauna.

West Tenn. , Niagara Gr. [Sig. hemis-
pherical.]
Trachypora, Edwards & Haime, 1851, Pol.

Foss. Terr. Paleeoz. [Ety. trachys,

rough ; poros, a pore.]
elegantula, Billings, 1859, Can. Jour.,

Ham. Gr. [Sig. beautiful.]
Tcbipora, Lamarck, 1815, Hist, des Anim.

sans Verteb. [Ety. tubus, a tube;

porus, a pore.]
lamellosa, Owen, 1840, Rep. on Mineral

lands, Devonian. [Sig. in very thin

plates.]
Vermipora, Hall, 1874, 26th Reg. Rep.

[Ety. vermis, a worm ; pora, a pore.]
serpuloides, Hall, 1874, 26th Reg. Rep.,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. like the Serpula.]
fasciculata, Rominger, 1876, Foss. Corals,

Ham. Gr. [Sig. bundled.]
niagarensis, Rominger, 1876, Foss. Corals,

Niagara Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Vesicularia, Rominger, 1876, Foss. Corals.

[Ety. vesicularia, from the vesiculose

structure.]
major, Rominger, 1876, Foss. Corals, Ni-
agara Gr. [Sig. large.]
minor, Rominger, 1876, Foss. Corals,

Niagara Gr. [Sig. less.]
.variolosa, Rominger, 1876, Foss. Corals,

Niagara Gr. [Sig. full of cell pits.]
Zaphrentis, Rafinesque, 1820, Ann. des. Sci.

Phys. Brux., vol. 5. [Ety. za, very ;

phrentis, a diaphragm.]
affinis, Billings, 1865, Can. Nat. & Geo.,

2d series, vol. 2, Mid. Sil. [Sig. con-
tiguous.]

bellistriata, Billings, 1865, Can. Nat. &
Geo., 2d series, vol. 2, Hud. Riv. Gr.
[Sig. beautifully striated.]

bigsbyi, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.,
Antic, Clinton & Niagara Gr. [Ety.
proper name.

bilateralis, Hall, 1852, (Caninia bilater-
alis) Pal. N. Y, vol. 2, Clinton & Ni-
agara Gr. [Sig. two-sided.]

canadensis, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol.

1, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
celator, Hall, 1876, 28th Reg. Rep., Niag-
ara Gr. [Sig. a concealer.]

cinctosa, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.,
Antic, Clinton & Niagara Gr. [Sig.
full of circles or belts,]

cingulosa, Billings, 1874, Pal. Foss., vol.

2, Devonian. [Sig. circled with lines.]
compressa, Rominger, 1876, Foss. Corals,

Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. compressed.]
conigera, Rominger, 1876, Foss. Corals

Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. cone-bearing.]
corniculum, Edwards & Haime, 1851, Pol.

Foss. Terr. Palfeoz., Up. Held. Gr.

[Sig. a little horn.]
corticata, Billings, 1874, Pal. Foss., vol. 2,

Devonian. [Sig. coated.]
cystica, Winchell, 1866, Rep. Low. Penin.

Mich., Ham. Gr. [Sig. like a pouch.]
edwardsi, Nicholson, 1875, Ohio Pal., vol.

2, Corniferous Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
egeria, Billings, 1875, Can. Nat. & Geol.,

Corniferous Gr. [Ety. mythological

name.]
elliptica, White, 1862, Proc Bost. Soc.

Nat. Hist., vol. 9, Burlington Gr. [Sig.

elliptical.]
eriphyle, Billings, 1875. Can. Nat. & Geo.,

Corniferous Gr. [Ety. mythological

name.]
fenestrate, Nicholson, 1875, Can. Nat. &

Geo., Corniferous Gr. [Sig. full of

openings.]
gigantea, Rafinesque, 1820, as identified by

Edwards & Haime, 1851, Polyp. Foss",

Corniferous Gr. [Sig. very large.]
glans, White, 1862, Proc. Bost. Soc Nat.

Hist., vol. 9, Burlington Gr. [Sig. an

acorn.]
gregaria, Rominger, 1876, Foss. Corals,

Niagara Gr. [Sig. in flocks.]
hecuba, Billings, 1875, Can. Nat. & Geo.,

Corniferous Gr. [Ety. mythological

name.]
ida, Winchell, 1863, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.,

Lithographic limestone. [Ety. proper

name.]
incondita, Billings, 1874, Pal. Foss., vol.

2, Devonian. [Sig. confused.]
invenusta, Billings, 1875, Can. Nat. &

Geo., Corniferous Gr. [Sig. not ele-
gant.]
macfarlani, Meek, 1868, Trans. Chi. Acad.

Sci., Devonian. [Ety. proper name.]
minas, Dawson, 1868, Acad. Geo. Low.

Carb. [Sig. proper name.]

64

POLYPI.

multilamella, Hall, 1852, Stans. Ex. to
Gt. Salt Lake, Coal Meas. [Sig. many
lamellae.]

multilamellafa, Nicholson, 1875, Ohio Pal.,
vol. 2, Corniferous Gr. Preoccupied
above.

nodulosa, Eominger, 1876, Foss. Corals,
Corniferous Gr. [Sig. full of knots.]

patens, Billings, 1865, Can. Nat. & Geo.,
2d ser., vol. 2, Mid. Sil. [Sig. spread-
ing-]

prolifica, Billings, 1859, Can. Nat, & Geo.,
vol. 4, Corniferous Gr. [Sig. prolific]

recta, Meek, 1868, Trans. Chi. Acad. Sci.,
Devonian. [Sig. straight]

rugatula, Billings, 1874, Pal. Foss., vol. 2,
Up. Sil. [Sig. covered with little
wrinkles.]

simplex, Hall, 1843. (Strombodes simplex)
Geo. Kep., 4th Dist. N. Y., Ham. Gr.
[Sig. simple.]

solida, Hall, 1873, 23d Reg. Rep., Che-
mung Gr. [Sig. solid.]

spatiosa, see Heterophrentis spatiosa.

spinulifera, Hall, 1858, Geo. Sur. Iowa,

Warsaw Gr. [Sig. bearing little

spines.]
spinulosa, Edwards & Haime, 1851, Pol.

Foss. Terr. Palgeoz., Low. Carb. [Sig.

covered with spines.]
stansburyi, Hall, 1852, Stans. Ex. to Gt.

Salt Lake, Coal Meas. [Ety. proper

name.]
stokesi, Edwards & Haime, 1851, Pol.

Foss. Terr. Palseoz., Niagara Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
subrecta, Billings, 1875, Can. Nat. & Geo.,

Corniferous Gr. [Sig. somewhat like

Z. recta.']
traversensis, Winchell, 1866, Rep. Low.

Penin. Mich., Ham. Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
turbinata, Hall, 1852, (Polydilasma turbi-

natum) Pal. N. Y., vol. 2, Niagara Gr.

[Sig. top-shaped.]
umbonata, Rominger, 1876, Foss. Corals,

Ham. Gr. [Sig. protuberant.]
ungula, Rominger, 1876, Foss. Corals,

Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. a talon.] .
wortheni, Nicholson, 1875, Ohio Pal., vol.

2, Corniferous Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

OOBRIQBlsrDA.

Brachiospcmgia, page 42, read, [Ety. brachi-

um, an arm.]
Cnemidium trentonensis, page 43, read, C. tren-

tonense.
Receptaculites infundibulus, page 44, read, R.

infundibulum.
Aulopora saxivadum, page 47, read, A. saxi-

vada. [Sig. creeping over stone.]
Axophyllum rudls, page 47, read, A. rude.
Campophyllum, page 48, read, [Ety. kampto,

to bend.]
Chonophyllum, page 48, read, [Sig. chonos, a

funnel.]
Chonograptus, page 48, read, Clonograptus.

[Ety. klon, a twig.]
Cladopora lichenoidea, page 49, read, C. lich-
enoides.
Cyathophyllum juvenis, page 50, read, C.

juvene.

Cyathophyllum maritima, page 51, read, C.

maritimum.
Dictyonema fenestrata, page 51, read, D. fenes-

tratum. —
Dictyonema gracilis, page 51, read, D. gracile.
Dictyonema grandis, page 51, read, D.grande.
Dictyonema irregularis, page 51, read, D.

irregulare.
Dictyonema, quadrangtdark, page 51, read,

D. quadr angular e.
Dictyonema retiformis, page 51, read, D. reti-

forme.
Dictyonema robusta, page 51, read, D. robustum.
Dictyostroma undulata, page 52, read, D. un-

dulatum.
Favosites plmrodictyloides, page 54, read, F.

pleurodictyoides.
Halysites catenulatus. page 56, read, [Ety.

catenula, a little chain.]
Leptopora typa, page 56, read, L. typm.

ECHINODERMATA

ORDER CRINOIDEA.

FAMILY CYATHOCRINIDvE. — Agassizocrinus, Anomalocrinus, Barycrinus, Belemno
crinus, Bursacrinus, Carabocrinus, Catillocrinus, Cleiocrinus, Closterocrinus, Cocco
crinus, Coeliocrinus, Cotyledonocrinus, Ctenocrinus, Cyathocrinus, Dendrocrinus,
Dichocrinus, Erisocrinus, Eucalyptocrinus, Eupachycrinus, Forbesocrinus, Glyptas-
ter, Glyptocrinus, Graphiocrinus, Hadlocrinus, Haplocrinus, Heterocrinus, Homo-
crinus, Hybocrinus, Ichthyocrinus, Lecanocrinus, Macrostylocrinus, Mariacrinus,
Myelodactylus, Myrtillocrinus, Nipterocrinus, Onychocrinus, Pachycrinus, Palseo-
crinus, Platocrinus, Porocrinus, Poteriocrinus, Pterotocrinus, Retiocrinus, Rhodo-
crinus, Scaphiocrinus, Schizocrinus, Scyphocrinus, Stephanocrinus, Synbathocrinus,
Taxocrinus, Technocrinus, Thysanocrinus, Zeacrinus.

FAMILY ACTINOCRINIDiE. — Acrocrinus, Actinocrinus, Agaricocrinus, Alloprosallo
crinus, Amphoracrinus, Batocrinus, Coelocrinus, Coronocrinus, Dolatocrinus, Dory-
crinus, Eretmocrinus, Gilbertsocrinus, Goniasteroidocrinus, Hadrocrinus, Lamptero
crinus, Lyriocrinus, Megistocrinus, Melocrinus, Mespilocrinus, Physetocrinus, Pygo
rhynchus, (?) Saccocrinus, Steganocrinus, Strotocrinus, Vasocrinus.

FAMILY CALCEOCRINID^E.— Calceocrinus.

FAMILY ANCYROCRINID.E. (?)— Ancyrocrinus.

FAMILY EDRIOCRINID.E. (?)— Aspidocrinus. Edriocrinus.

FAMILY BRACHIOCRINID^E. (?)— Brachiocrinus, Syringocrinus. (?)

ORDER PERISCHO-EOHINOIDEA.

FAMILY PALjECHINIDjE. — Lepidechinus, Lepidesthes, Melonites, Oligoporus,
Palsechinus.

FAMILY ARCH jEOCID ARID M.— Archseocidaris, Eocidaris, Lepidocidaris, Pholido-
cidaris.

ORDER CYSTOIDEA. — Amygdalocystites, Anomalocystites, Apiocystites, Ateleocystites,
Callocystites, Caryocrinus, Codaster, Comarocystites, Crinocystites, Cyclocystoides,
Cystocrinus, Dictyocrinus, Echinocystites, Echino-encrinites, Eocystites, Glyptocys-
tites, Gomphocystites, Hemicosmites, Heterocystites, Holocystites, Lepadocrinus,
Lichenocrinus, Malocystites, Palseocystites, Pleurocystites, Sphaerocystites, Strobilo-
cystites.

ORDER BLASTOIDEA. — Blastoidocrinus, Codonites, Eleutherocrinus, Granatocrinus,
Nucleocrinus, Pentremites. •

ORDER OPHIUROIDEA.— Protaster, Onychaster.

ORDER ASTEROIDE A. —Codaster, Eugaster, Palseaster, Palaeasterina, Palseocoma,
Petraster, Schoenaster, Stenaster, Taeniaster.

ORDER AGELAORINID^E .— Agelacrinus, Edrioaster, Hemicystites,

ECHINODERMATA.

Acrocrixus, Yandell, 1855, Am. Jour. Sci.,

vol. 20. [Ety. akros, the summit;

krinon, lily.]
shumardi, Yandell, 1855, Am. Jour. Sci.,

vol. 20, Kaskaskia Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
urniformis, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,

Kaskaskia Gr. [Sig. urn-shaped.]
Actixoi kin-us, Miller, 1821, Nat. Hist. Crin-

oidea. [Ety. aktin, a ray or thorn;

krinon, a lily.]
abnormis, see Megistocrinus abnormis. ,
segilops, see Strotocrinus regilops.
sequalis, see Batocrinus aequalis.
sequibrachiatw, see Batocrinus aequibrachi-

atus.
sequibrachiatus var. alatus, see Batocrinus

sequibrachiatus var. alatus.
agassizi, Troost, 1850, Catal. Not defined,
althea, Hall, 1861, Desc. New Crinoidea,

Burlington Gr. [Ety. mythological

name.]
amplus, Meek & Worthen, 1861, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Burlington Gr.

[Sig. full sized.]
andrewsianus, syn. for Eretmocrinus verne-

uilianus.
araneolus, see Steganocrinus araneolus.
asterias, McChesney, 1860, Desc. New

Pal. Foss., Burlington Gr. [Sig. in

the fashion of a star.]
asteriscus, see Batocrinus asteriscus.
biturbinatus, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,

Keokuk Gr. [Sig. double cone-
shaped.]
brevicornis, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,

Burlington Gr. [Sig. short-horned.]
brevis, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa, Bur-
lington Gr. [Sig. short.]
brontes, Hall, 1860, Supp. to Geo. Sur.

Iowa, Warsaw Gr. [Ety. mythologi-
cal name.]
cselatus, Hall, 1858, Geo. Sur. Iowa, Bur-
lington Gr. [Sig. carved in relief,

sculptured.]
calyculoides, see Eretmocrinus calycu-

loides.
calyculus, Hall, 1860, Supp. to Geo. Iowa,

Warsaw Gr. [Sig. a little cup or

flower-bud.]
calypso, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep. N. Y.,

Ham. Gr. [Ety. mythological name.]
cassedayi, Lyon, 1861, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci. Phil., Up. Held. Gr. [Ijjiy. proper

name.]
carica, see Batocrinus carica.
caroli, Hall, 1860, Supp. to Geo. Sur.

Iowa, Warsaw Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
cauliculus, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep. N.

Y., Ham. Gr. [Sig. the small stalk or

stem of a plant.]
chloris, Hall, 1861, Desc. New Crinoidea,

Burlington Gr. [Ety. mythological

name.]
christyi, Shumard, 1855, see Batocrinus

christyi.

christyi, Hall, 1863, see Saccocrinus
christyi.

clarus, Hall, 1861, Desc. New Crinoidea,
Burlington Gr. [Sig. brilliant, illus-
trious.]

clavigerus, see Batocrinus clavigerus.

clio, see Eretmocrinus clio.

clivosus, Hall, 1861, Jour. Bost. Soc. Nat.
Hist, vol. 7, Burlington Gr. [Sig.
hilly.]

clcelia, see Eretmocrinus clcelia.

clypeatus, Hall, 1860, Supp. Geo. Sur.
Iowa, Burlington Gr. [Sig. shield-
like.]

concavus, see Ccelocrinus concavus.

concinnus, Shumard, 1855, Geo. Rep.
Mo., Burlington Gr. [Sig. handsome.]

corbulis, see Batocrinus corbulis.

coreyi, Lyon & Casseday, 1859, Am. Jour.
Sci., Burlington Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]

corniculum, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,
Burlington Gr. [Ety. corniculum, a
little horn — from the urn-shaped body
below. ]

cornigerus, Hall, 1858, see Dorycrinus cor-
nigerus.

cornigerus, Lyon & Casseday, 1859, Am.
Jour. Sci., vol. 28. This name being
preoccupied, Shumard proposed for
this species A. kentuckiensis.

cornutus, Troost, 1850, Catal. Not defined.

coronatus, Hall, 1860, Supp. to Geo. Sur*.
Iowa, Burlington Gr. [Sig. crowned.]

daphne, Hall, 1863, Crin. Wav. Sands.
Ohio, Waverly Gr. [Ety. mythologi-
cal name.]

decornis, Hall, 1860, Supp. to Geo. Sur.
Iowa, Burlington Gr. [Sig. without
horns.]

delicatulus, Meek & Worthen, 1869, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. Burlington Gr.
[Sig. rather delicate.]

desMeratus, see Dorycrinus desideratus.

discoideus, see Batocrinus discoideus.

divarwatus, see Dorycrinus divaricatus.

divergent, see Amphoracrinus divergens.

dodecadactylus, see Batocrinus dodecadac-
tylus.

doris, see Batocrinus doris.

eicosidactylus, see Batocrinus icosidac-
tylus.

erodus, Hall, 1861, Desc. New Crinoidea,
Burlington Gr. [Ety. erosus, eroded,
having the parts jagged as if gnawed.]

eryx, Hall 1861, Desc. New Crinoidea,
Burlington Gr. [Ety. mythological
name.]

eucharis, Hall, 1862. 15th Reg. Rep. N.
Y., Ham. Gr. [Ety. eu, very ; charis,
beauty.] •

evansi, Owen & Shumard, 1850, Jour.

• Acad. Nat. Sci., 2d ser., vol. 2, Bur-
lington Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

excerptus, Hall, 1861, Desc. New Crin-
oidea, Burlington Gr. [Sig. picked
out, selected.]

fibula, Troost, 1850, Catal. Not defined.

ECHINODERMATA.

i;:

fiscellus, Hall, 1861, Desc. New Crinoidea,
Burlington Gr. [Sig. a small basket
for fruit, woven of slender twigs.]

fosteri, McChesney, 1860, syn. for A. cse-
latus.

formosus, see Batocrinus fromosus.

gemmiformis, see Batocrinus gemmiformis.

gibbosus, Troost, 1850. Not defined.

glans, Hall, 1860, Supp. to Geo. Sur.
Iowa, Burlington Gr. [Sig. an acorn.]

glyptus, see Strotocrinus glyptus.

gouldi, see Dorycrinus gouldi.

hageri, McChesney, 1860, New Pal. Foss.,
Burlington Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

lielice, Hall, 1863, Crin. Wav. Sands.
Ohio, Waverly Gr. [Ety. mythologi-
cal name.]

helice var. eris, Hall, 1864, 17th Reg. Rep.
N. Y., Waverly Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]

humboldti, Troost, 1850, Catal. Not de-
fined.

hurdianus, McChesney, 1860, New Pal.
Foss., Burlington Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]

indianensis, Lyon & Casseday, 1859, Am.
Jour. Sci., vol. 28, Warsaw Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]

inflatus, see Amphoracrinus inflatus.

infrequens, Hall, 1861, Desc. New Crin-
oidea, Burlington Gr. [Sig. not fre-
quent, rare.]

iimulptus, see Strotocrinus insculptus.

inornatus, see Batocrinus inornatus.

irregularis, see Batocrinus irregularis.

jugosus, Hall, 1860, Supp. Geo. Sur. Iowa,
Keokuk Gr. [Sig. yoked together.]

kentuckiensis, Shumard, Trans. St. Louis
Acad. Sci., Up. Held. Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]

konincki, see Batocrinus konincki.

lagena, Hall, 1861, Desc. New. Crinoidea,
Burlington Gr. [Sig. a flask or bottle.]

lagunculus, see Batocrinus lagunculus.

laura, see Batocrinus laura.

lepidus, see Batocrinus lepidus.

leucosia, Hall, 1861, Desc. New Crinoidea,
Burlington Gr. [Ety. mythological
name.]

limabrachiatus, Hall, 1861, Desc. New
Crinoidea, Burlington Gr. [Ety.
lima, a file ; brachiatus, armed.]

liratus, see Strotocrinus liratus.

lobatus, Hall, 1860, Supp. to Geo. Sur.
Iowa, Keokuk Gr. [Sig. lobate.]

locellus, Hall, 1861, Desc. New Crinoidea,
Burlington Gr. [Sig. a chest or
casket.]

longirostris, see Batocrinus longirostris.

longus, Meek & Worthen, Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci. Phil., Burlington Gr. [Ety.
longus, long.]

lowii, Hall, 1852, Geo. Rep. Iowa, Keo-
kuk Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

lucina, Hall, 1861, Desc. New Crinoidea,
Burlington Gr. [Ety. mythological
name.]

matuta, see Eretmocrinus matuta.

matuta var. attenuata, see Eretmocrinus
matuta var. attenuata.

Meeki, Lyon, 1861, Proc Acad. Nat. Sci.
Phil., Niagara Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]

minor, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep Iowa, Bur-
lington Gr. [Sig. less.]

mmissippiensis, see Dorycrinus mississip-
piensis.

mississippieiisis var. spiniger, see Dorycri-
nas mississipiensi8 var, spiniger.

missouriensw, see Dorycrinus missouriensis.

moniliformis. Miller, cited by Troost, but
the species does not exist in American
strata.

mortoni, Troost, 1850. Not defined.

multibrachiatus, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep.
Iowa, Burlington Gr. [Sig. many-
armed.]

multibrachiatus var. echinatus, Hall,
1861, Desc. New Crinoidea, Warsaw
Gr. [Ety. echinatus, prickly.]

multicornis, Lyon, 1860, Trans. Am.
Phil. Soc, vol. 13, Devonian. [Sig.
many-horned.]

mundulus, see Batocrinus mundulus.

multiradiatus, Shumard, 1857, Trans.
Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Burlington Gr.

[Sig. many-rayed.]
shvi"

nashvillse, Troost, 1850, Catal. in Proc.

Am. Ass'n, Ad. Sci., Keokuk Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
nash villas var. subtractus, White, 1862,

Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist, vol. 9,

Burlington Gr. [Sig. taken away

from.]
nyssa, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep. N. Y.,

Ham. Gr. [Ety. mythological name.]
oblatus, Hall, 1860, Supp. to Geo. Sur.

Iowa, Burlington Gr. [Sig. broader

than long.]
obpyramidalis, Winchell & Marcy, syn.

for Melocrinus verneuili.
oUiculus, syn. for Megistocrinus whitii.
olla, Hall, 1861, Desc. New Crinoidea,

Burlington Gr. [Sig. a pot or jar.]
opusculus, Hall, 1860, Supp. to Geo. Sur.

Iowa, Burlington Gr. [Sig. a little

fortification.]
ornatus, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa, Bur-
lington Gr. [Sig. ornamented.]
ovatus, Hall, 1861, Desc. New Crinoidea,

Burlington Gr. [Sig. egg-shaped.]
papiUatus, see Batocrinus papillatus.
parvus, Shumard, 1855, Geo. Rep. Mo., St.

Louis Gr. [Sig. small.]
pendens, Hall, 1860, Supp. to Geo. Sur.

Iowa, Burlington Gr. [Sig. hanging

down.]
penicillus, Meek & Worthen, 1869, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Burlington Gr.

[Sig. a painter's brush or pencil.]
peniagonus, see Steganocrinus pentagon us.
pentaspinus, Lyon, 1860, Trans. Am.

Phil. Soc, vol. 14, Devonian. [Sig.

five-spined.]
pernodosus, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,

Keokuk Gr. [Sig. very knotty.]

ECHINODERMATA.

perumbrosm, see Strotocrinus perumbro-
sus.

pigtUliformis, see Batocrinus pistilliformis.

pistillus, see Batocrinus pistillus.

planobasalis, see Amphoracrinus plano-
basalis.

planodiscus, see Batocrinus planodiscus.

plumosus, see Glyptocrinus plumosus.

pocillum, Hall. 1862, 15th Reg. Rep. N.
Y., Ham. Gr. [Sig. a little cup.]

polydaclylm, Schenectady Reflector, 1835,
see Mariacrinus pachydactylus.

precursor, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep. N.
Y., Ham. Gr. [Sig. a forerunner.]

proboscidialis, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,
Burlington Gr. [Sig. having a pro-
boscis].

pyriformu, Shumard, see Batocrinus pyri-
formis.

pyriformis var. rudis, Meek & Worthen,
1861, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Bur-
lington Gr. [Sig. rough.]

pyramidatus, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,
Burlington Gr. [Ety. from pyramidal
summit.]

quadrispinus, see Amphoracrinus quadri-
spinus.

quaternarius, Hall, 1860, Supp. to Geo.
Sur. Iowa, Burlington Gr. [Sig. con-
taining four, quaternary.]

quaternarius var. spiniferus, Hall, 1861,
Desc. New Crinoidea, Burlington Gr.
[Sig. spine-bearing.]

quinquelobus, see Dorycrinus quinque-
lobus.

ramulosus, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,
Keokuk Gr. [Sig. branchy.]

regalis, see Strotocrinus regalis.

remibrachiatw, see Batocrinus remibrachi-
atus.

reticulatus, Hall, 1861, Desc. New Crino-
idea, Burlington Gr. [Sig. reticulated
like net- work.]

rotundus, Yandell & Shumard, 1855, Geo.
Rep. Mo., Burlington Gr. [Sig.
round.]

rudis, see Strotocrinus radis.

rusticus, Hall, 1861, Desc. New Crinoidea,
Burlington Gr. [Sig. coarse, rough.]

scitulus, Meek & Worthen, 1860, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Burlington Gr.
[Sig. handsome, pretty.]

sculptus, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,
Burlington Gr. [Sig. engraved, sculp-
tured.]

securis, Hall, 1861, Desc. New Crinoidea,
Burlington Gr. [Sig. an axe or hatchet
with a broad edge.]

semiradiatus, see Saccocrinus semiradiatus.

senarius, Hall, 1860, Supp. to Geo. Sur.
Iowa, Burlington Gr. [Sig. consisting
of six.]

sexarmatus, Hall, 1860, Supp. to Geo.
Sur. Iowa, Burlington Gr. [Sig. six-
armed.]

sillimani, syn. for A. rusticus.

similis, Hall, 1860, Supp. to Geo. Sur.
Iowa, Warsaw Gr. [Sig. similar.]

zinousus, see Batocrinus sinuosus.

speciosus, syn. for Strotocrinus regalis.

spinobrachiatus, see Amphoracrinus spino-
brachiatus.

spinotentaculus, Hall, 1860, Supp. to Geo.
Sur. Iowa, Burlington Gr. [Ety. spina,
a spine; tentaculm, a feeler.]

spinulosus, Hall, 1860, Supp. to Geo. Sur.
Iowa, Keokuk Gr. [Sig. full of little
spines.]

steropes, Hall, I860, Supp. to Geo. Sur.
Iowa, Warsaw Gr. [Ety. mythologi-
cal name.]

subaculeatus, see Dorycrinus subaculeatus.

subiequalis, see Batocrinus subsequalis.

subturbinatus, see Dorycrinus subturbi-
natus.

subumbrosus, Hall, 1860, Supp. to Geo.
Sur. Iowa, Burlington Gr. [Sig. some-
what umbrella-like.] Syn. ~(?) for
Strotocrinus liratus.

subveniricosus, see Physetocrinus subveh-
tricosus.

superlatus, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,
Burlington Gr. [Sig. very wide.]

symmetrkus, see Dorycrinus symmetricus.

tenuidiscus, Hall, 1861, Desc. New Crinoi-
dea, Burlington Gr. [Sig. slender
disc.]

tenuiradiatus, Hall, 1847, see Palseocystites
tenuiradiatus.

tenuiradiatus, Hall, 1861, Desc. New
Crin. Burlington Gr. [Sig. slender-
rayed.]

tenuisculptus, syn. for Actinocrinus sculp-
tus.]

thalia, Hall, 1861, Desc. New Crinoidea,
Burlington Gr. [Ety. mythological
name.]

them is, Hall, 1861, Desc. New Crinoidea,
Burlington Gr. [Ety. mythological
name.]

thetis, Hall, 1861, Desc. New Crinoidea,
Burlington Gr. [Ety. mythological
name.]

thoas, Hall, 1861, Desc. New Crinoidea,
Burlington Gr. [Ety. mythological
name.]

tholus, see Strotocrinus tholus.

tricornis, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,
Burlington Gr. [Sig. three-horned.]

trinodus, see Dorycrinus trinodus.

turbinates, see Batocrinus turbinatus.

turbinatus var. elegans, see Batocrinus tur-
binatus var. elegans.

umbrosii8, Hall, see Strotocrinus umbrosus.

unicarinatus, Hall, 1860, Supp. to Geo.
Sur. low
keeled.]

Sur. Iowa, Keokuk Gr.

m tc
[Sig-

single

unicornis, see Dorycrinus unicornis.

unispinus, see Dorvcrinus unispinus.

urna, Troost, 1850. Not defined.

urniformis, McChesney, 1860, New Pal.
Foss., Burlington Gr. [Sig. urn-
formed.]

validus, Meek & Worthen; 1860, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci., Phil., Burlington Gr.
[Sig. stoutly built.]

ECHINODERMATA.

ventricosus, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,
Burlington Gr. [Sig. bulging out.]

ventricosus var. cancellatus, Hall, 1861,
Desc. New Crinoidea, Burlington Gr.
[Sig. cancellated.]

ventricosus var. internodus, Hall, 1861,
Desc. New Crinoidea, Burlington Gr.
[Ety. inter, between; nodus, a joint.]

verneuili, see Melocrinus verneuili.

verneuilianus, see Eretmocrinus verneuili-
anus.

verrucosus, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,
Burlington Gr. [Sig. full of warts,
warty.]

viaticus, White, 1874, Rep. Invert. Foss.,
Lower Carb. [Ety. riaticus, a parting
repast — application not evident.]

viminalis, Hall, 1863, Crinoidea in Wav.
Sandstone Ohio, Waverly Sandstone.
[Sig. bearing twigs for plaiting.]

wachsmuthi, White, 1862, Proc. Bost.
Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 9, Burlington Gr.
[Ety. proper name.]

whitfiebii, see sub-genus Saccocrinus whit-
fieldi.

whitii, see Megistocrinus whitii.

yandelli, Shumard, 1857, Trans. St. Louis
Acad. ScL, Lower Carb. [Ety. proper
name.]
Agaricocrinus, Troost, 1850, Catal. in Proc.
Am. Ass'n. [Ety. agarikon, a sort of
tree-fungus; krinon, a lily.]

americanus, Roemer, 1854, (Amphora-
crinus americanus) Bronn's Leth.
Geog., vol. 2, Warsaw Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]

bellatrema, see Amphoracrinus bellatrema.

bullatus, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,
Burlington Gr. [Sig. studded with
round knobs; bossed.]

calyculus, Hall, 1860, Supp. to Geo.
Iowa, Warsaw Gr. [Sig. the cup of
a flower.]

corrugatus, Hall, 1861, Desc. New Crin-
oidea, Burlington Gr. [Sig. corru-
gated.]

excavatus, see Amphoracrinus excavatus.

geometricus, Hall, 1860, Supp. to Geo.
Sur. Iowa, Burlington Gr. [Sig. geom-
etrical.]

gracilis, Meek & Worthen, 1861, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Burlington Gr.
[Sig. slender.]

inflatus, Hall, 1861, Desc. New Crinoidea,
Burlington Gr. [Sig. inflated.]

nodosus, Meek & Worthen, 1869, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Burlington Gr.
[Sig. knobbed.]

ornotrema, Hall, 1861, Desc. New Crin-
oidea, Burlington Gr. [Sig. not evi-
dent—the word may be a printer's
mistake for ornatotrema, having a
beautiful opening.]

planoconvexus, Hall, 1861, Desc. New
Crinoidea, Burlington Gr. [Ety
planus, flat ; convexus, convex.]

pentagonus, Hall, 1860, Supp. to Geo. Sur.
Iowa, Burlington Gr. [Sig. pentago-
nal.]

pentagonus var. convexus, Hall, I860,
Supp. to Geo. Sur. Iowa, Burlington
Gr. [Sig. convex.]

stellatus, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,
Burlington Gr. [Sig. covered with
stars.]

tuberoms, Troost, 1849, Catal. This is the
same species described by Roemer as
Amphoracrinus americanus in Bronn's
Leth. Geognostica, vol. 2, 1852-54, and
by the rules of priority it must bear
Roemer's name, for Troost did not
figure or describe it.

whitfieldi, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,
Keokuk Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

wortheni, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,
Keokuk Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Agassizocrinus, Troost, 1850, Ms. of Mon-
ograph Crinoidea. [Ety. Agassiz, the
eminent naturalist; krinon, a lily.]

carbonarius, Worthen, 1873, Geo. Sur. 111.,
vol. 5, Up. Coal Meas. [Ety. from
the Coal Measures."]

conicus, Owen & Shumard, 1851, Jour.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., 2d ser., vol. 2,
Chester Gr. [Sig. like a cone.]

dactyliformis, Troost, 1850, as identified
by Shumard, 1853, Marcy's Rep. Red.
Riv., Chester Gr. [Sig. finger-shaped.]

chesterensis, Worthen, 1873, Geo. Sur.
111., vol. 5, Chester Gr. [Ety. proper
• name.]

constrictus, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,
Kaskaskia Gr. [Sig. constricted.]

gibbosus, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,
Chester Gr. [Sig. gibbous.]

globosus, Worthen, 1873, Geo. Sur. 111.,
vol. 5, Chester Gr. [Sig. globose.]

gracilis, Troost, 1850. Not defined.]

occidentalis, Owen & Shumard, 1852,
( Poteriocrinus occidentalis) Jour.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Chester Gr.
[Sig. western.]

pentagonus. Worthen, 1873, Geo. Sur.
111., vol.5, Chester Gr. [Sig. pentag-
onal.]

tumidus, Owen & Shumard, 1852, (Poter-
iocrinus tumidus) Jour. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phil., Chester Gr. [Sig. tumid
or swollen.]
Agelacrinus, Vanuxem. 1842,( Agelacrinites)
Geo. Rep. 3rd Dist. N. Y. [Ety. agele,
a herd ; krinon, a lily.]

billingsi, Chapman, 1860, Can. Jour., vol.
5, Trenton Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

cincinnatiensis, Roemer, 1851, Verh.
' Naturh, Rhein. Westph., vol. 8, Cin-
cinnati Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

dicksoni, Billings, 1857. Rep. of Progr.,
Trenton Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

hamiltonensis, Vanuxem, 1842, Geo. Rep.
3rd Dist. N. Y., Ham. Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]

kaskaskiensis, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,
Kaskaskia Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

70

ECHINODERMATA.

pileus, Hall, 1866, Pamphlet, Cin'ti Gr.
[Ety. pileus, a felt cap or hat made to
fit close.]

squamosus, Meek & Worthen, 1868, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Keokuk Gr.
[Sig. covered with scales.]

stellalus, see Hemicystites stellatus.

vorticellatus, Hall, 1866, Pamphlet, Cin-
cinnati Gr. [Sig. whorled.]
Alloprosallocrinus, Casseday & Lyon,
1860, Proc. Am. Acad. Arts & Sci.,
vol. 5. [Ety. alloprosalhs, inclining
first to one side and then to another ;
krinon, a lily.]

conicus, Casseday & Lyon, 1860, Proc.
Am. Acad. Arts & Sci., vol. 5, Warsaw
Gr. [Sig. conical.]

euconus, Meek & Worthen, 1865, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Burlington Gr.
[Ety. eu, perfect; konos, cone.]

depressu3, Casseday & Lyon, 1860, Proc.
Am. Acad. Arts & Sci., vol. 5, Warsaw
Gr. [Sig. depressed.]

lex, Troost, 1850, (Conocrinus lese). Not
defined.

tufjerculosus, Troost, 1850, (Conocrinus
tuberculosus). Not defined.
Amphoracrinus, Austin, 1848, Quar. Jour.
Geo. Soc. Lond., vol. 4. Sub-genus of
Actinocrinus. [Ety. amphora, a cup
or goblet ; krinon, a lily.]

amerieanus, see Agaricocrinus americanus.

bellatrema, Hall, 1861, (Actinocrinus
bellatrema) Jour. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.,
vol. 7, Burlington Gr. [Sig. beautiful
opening.]

divergens, Hall, 1860, (Actinocrinus di-
vergens) Supp. Geo. Rep. Iowa, Bur-
lington Gr. [Sig. separating.]

excavatus, Hall, 1861, (Actinocrinus ex-
cavatus) Desc. New Crinoidea, Bur-
lington Gr. [Sig. hollowed out.]

inflatus, Hall, 1861, (Actinocrinus in-
flatus) Desc. New Crinoidea, Burling-
ton Gr. [Sig. inflated.]

planobasalis, Hall, 1858, (Actinocrinus
planobasalis) Geo. Rep. Iowa, Bur-
lington Gr. [Sig. flat-based.]

quadrispinus, White, 1862, (Actinocrinus
quadrispinus) Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat.
Hist., vol. 9, Burlington Gr. [Sig.
four-spined.]

spinobrachiatus, Hall, 1860, (Actinocri-
nus spinobrachiatus) Supp. Geo. Rep.
Iowa, Burlington Gr. [Sig. spiny
armed.]
Amygdalocystites, Billings, 1854, Can. Jour.,
vol. 2. [Ety. amygdalos, an almond;
kustis, a bladder.]

florealis, Billings, 1854, Can. Jour., vol.
2, Trenton Gr. [Sig. flower-like.]

radiatus, Billings, 1854, Can. Jour., vol.
2, Trenton Gr. [Sig. radiating from a
point.]

tenui8triatus, Billings, 1854, Can. Jour.,
vol. 2, Trenton Gr. [Sig. finely
striated.]

Ancyrocrinus, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep.

N. Y. [Ety. ankura, a grapnel ; krinon,

a lily.]
bulbosus, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep. N.

Y., Ham. Gr. [Sig. bulbous.]
spinosus, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep. N.

Y., Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. covered with

many spines.]
Anomalocrinus, Meek & Worthen, 1868,

Geo. of 111., vol. 3. [Ety. anomos, ir-
regular; krinon, a lily.]
incurvus, Meek & Worthen, 1865, (Heter-
ocrine incurvus) Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci. Phil. [Ety. from one incurved

arm.]
Anomalocystites, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y.,

vol. 3. [Ety. anomos, irregular ; kustis,

a bladder.] Prof. Billings regards

this genus as a synonym for Ateleocy-

stiies.
balanoides, Meek, 1872, Am. Jour. Sci.,

3rd ser., vol. 3. [Sig. resembling the

shell of the Balanus.]
cornutus, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. horned.]
disparilis, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Oriskany sandstone. [Sig. different.]
Apiocystites, Forbes, 1848, Mem. Geo. Sur.

Great Brit. [Ety. apion, a pear ; kustis,

a bladder.] A. syn (?) for Lepado-

crinus.
canadensis, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.

Antic, Niagara Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
elegans, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,

Niagara Gr. [Sig. elegant.]
huronensis, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil.

Foss. Antic, Niagara Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
imago, Hall, 1867, 20th Reg. Rep., Niagara

Gr. [Ety. imago, an image, likeness,

perfect state.]
tecumseth, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.

Antic, Niagara Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
Arch^ocidaris, McCoy, 1844, Carb. Foss.,

Ireland. [Ety. archaios, ancient;

cidaris, a turban.]
aculeatus, Shumard, 1858, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., Permian Gr. [Sig. armed

with sharp points.]
agassizi, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,

Kaskaskia Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
biangulatus, Shumard, 1858, Trans. St.

Louis, Acad. Sci., Coal Meas. [Sig.

double-angled.]
cratis, White, 1876, Geol. of Uinta Moun-
tains, Lower Aubrey Gr. [Sig. like a

basket.]
gracilis, Newberry, 1861, Ives, Col. Ex.

Ex., Up. Carb. [Sig. slender.]
keokuk, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa, Kas-
kaskia Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
longispinus, Newberry, 1861, Ives, Col.

Ex. Ex., Up. Carb. "[Sig. long-spined.]
megastylus, Shumard, 1858, Trans. St.

Louis, Acad. Sci., Up. Coal Meas. [Sig.

having large spines.]

ECHINODERMATA.

71

mucronatus, Meek & Worthen, 1860, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Chester Gr.
[Sig. sharp-pointed.]

norwoodi, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,
Kaskaskia Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

ornatus, Newberry, 1861, Ives, Col. Ex.
Ex., Up. Carb. [Sig. ornamented.]

shumardiana, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,
Kaskaskia Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

triserrata, Meek, 1872, Pal. E. Neb., Up.
Coal Meas. [Sig. three-notched.]

trudifera, White, 1874, Rep. Invert. Foss.,
Carb. [Sig. bearing a pike.]

verneuiliana, Swallow, 1858, Trans. St.Louis
Acad. Sci. This name was preoccu-
pied by King, and the species is now
known as A. aculeatus.

wortheni, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,
Kaskaskia Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Aspidocrinus, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3.
[Etv. aspis, shield ; krinon, a lilv.]

callosus, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,
Low. Held. Gr. [Sit?, thick-skinned.]

digitatus, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,
Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. fingered.]

scutelliformis, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol.
3, Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. from the
scutelliform base.]'
Asterias, Lamarck, 1815, Hist. Nat. Anim.
sans. Vert.

anllioni, see Palseaster jamesi.

antiqua, see Palseaster antiqua.

antiquata, see Palseaster antiquata.

matutina, see Palseaster matutina.
Asterocrinus, Lyon, 1857, Geo. Sur. Ky., vol.
3. This name was preoccupied by
Munster. See Pterotocrinus.

capital™, see Pterotocrinus capitalis.

coronarivs, see Pterotocrinus coronarius.
Astrios, Troost, 1850, Catalogue. Not defined.

tennesneezc, Troost, 1850. Not defined.
Astrocrinites, Conrad in Catalogue Ann. Geo.
Rep., 1840-'41. This name was pro-
posed but not defined, moreover the
name was preoccupied.

pachydactylus, see Mariacrinus pachydac-
tylus.
Ataxocrinw, Lyon, 1869, syn. for Anomalo-
crinus.

caponiformu, syn. for Anomalocrinus in-
curvus.
Ateleocystites, Billings, 1858, Can. Org.
Rem., Decade 3. [Ety. ateles, defective
or incomplete ; kustis, a bladder.]
Professor Billings regards Hall's genus
Anomaloei/xiitm, and DeKoninck's genus
Placocystites as congeneric with this
genus and therefore synonyms.

huxleyi, Billings, 1858, Can. Org. Rem.,
Decade 3, Trenton Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]
Balrmocrinvz, Troost, 1850. This name was
pre-occupied. See Lampterocrinus.

inftatm, see Lampterocrinus inflatus.
Barycrinus, Wachsmuth, 1868, Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci. [Ety. barm, heavy ; krinon,
a lily.]

geometricus, Meek & Worthen, 1873,
Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 5, Keokuk Gr. [Sig.
geometrical.]

hercules, Meek & Worthen, 1868, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Keokuk Gr.
[Ety. mythological name.]

hoveyi, Hall, 1861, (Cyathocrinus hoveyi)
Desc. New Crin., Keokuk Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]

magnificus, Meek & Worthen, 1868, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Keokuk Gr.
[Sig. large-sized.]

mammatus, Worthen, 1873, Geo. Sur.
111., vol. 5, Keokuk Gr. [Sig. covered
with protuberances.]

pentagonus, Worthen, 1873, Geo. Sur.
111., vol. 5, Keokuk Gr. [Sig. pentag-
onal.]
• spectabilis, Meek & Worthen, 1869, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., St. Louis Gr.
[Sig. notable or worth seeing.]

striatus, Worthen, 1875, Geo. Sur. 111.,
vol. 6. Keokuk Gr. [Sig. striated.]

subtumidus, Meek & Worthen, 1869,
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Keokuk
Gr. [Sig. somewhat tumid or as if
blown up.]

thomse, Hall, 1860, (Cyathocrinus thoma?)
Supp. Geo. Sur. Iowa, St. Louis Gr.
[Ety. proper name.]
Batocrinus, Casseday, 1869, Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci. Phil. [Ety. batos, a prickly
bush ; krinon, a lily.]

sequalis, Hall, 1858, (Actinocrinus
sequalis) Geo. Rep. Iowa, Burlington
Gr. [Sig. equal.]

sequibrachiatus, McChesney, 1860, (Acti-
nocrinus sequibrachiatus) New Pal.
Foss., Burlington Gr. [Sig. equal-
armed.]

sequibrachiatus var. alatus, Hall, 1861,
(Actinocrinus sequibrachiatus var. ala-
tus) Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist., vol. 7, Bur-
lington Gr. [Sig. winged.]

asteriscus, Meek & Worthen, 1860,(Actino-
crinus asteriscus) Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Phil., Burlington Gr. [Sig. little star.]

calyculoides, see Eretmocrinus calycu-
loides.

carica, Hall, 1861, (Actinocrinus carica)
Desc. New Crinoidea, Burlington Gr.
[Sig. a kind of dried fig.]

cassedayanus, Meek & Worthen, 1868,
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Burlington
Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

christyi, Shumard, 1855, (Actinocrinus
christvi) Geo. Sur. Mo., Burlington
Gr. fEty. proper name]

claviger, Hall, 1860, (Actinocrinus clavig-
erus) Supp. Geo. Sur. Iowa, Burlington
Gr. [Sig. club-bearing.]

cloelia, see Eretmocrinus cloelia.

corbulis, Hall, 1861, (Actinocrinus cor-
bulis) Desc. New Crinoidea, Burling-
ton Gr. [Sig. a little basket.]

discoideus, Hall, 1858, (Actinocrinus dis-
coideus) Geo. Rep. Iowa, Burlington
Gr. [Sig. quoit-shaped.]

72

ECHINODERMATA.

dodecadactylus, Meek & Worthen, 1861,
(Actinocrinus dodecadactylus) Proc.
Nat. Sci. Phil., Burlington Gr. [Sig.
twelve-fingered. ]

doris, Hall, 1861, (Actinocrinus doris)
Desc. New Crinoidea, Burlington Gr.
[Ety. a mythological name.]

formosus, Hall, 1860, (Actinocrinus for-
mosus) Supp. to Geo. Sur. Iowa, Bur-
lington Gr. [Sig. beautiful.]

gemmiformis, Hall, 1860, (Actinocrinus
gemmiformis) Supp. to Geo. Sur.
Iowa, Burlington Gr. [Sig. bud-like.]

icosidactylus, Casseday, 1854 (Actino-
crinus icosidactylus) Zeitsch.
Deutsch. Geol. Gesellsch, Warsaw
Gr. [Sig. twenty-fingered.]

inornatus, Hall, I860, (Actinocrinus in-
ornatus) Supp. to Geo. Sur. Iowa,
Burlington Gr. [Sig. not ornamented.]

irregularis, Casseday, 1854, Zeitsch.
Deutsch Geol. Gesell., Warsaw Gr.
[Sig. irregular.]

konincki, Shumard, 1855, (Actinocrinus
konincki) Geo. Rep. Mo., Burlington
Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

lagunculus, Hall, 1860, (Actinocrinus
lagunculus) Supp. to Geo. Sur. Iowa,
Warsaw Gr. [Sig. small flask, small
bottle.]

laura, Hall, 1861, (Actinocrinus laura)
Desc. New Crinoidea, Burlington Gr.
[Ety. proper name.]

lepidus, Hall, 1860, (Actinocrinus lepidus)
Supp. to Geo. Sur. Iowa, Burlington
Gr. [Sig. elegant.]

longirostris, Hall, 1858, (Actinocrinus
longirostris) Geo. Rep. Iowa, Burling-
ton Gr. [Sig. having a long probos-
cis.]

magnificus, see Eretmocrinus magnificus.

mundulus, Hall, 1860, (Actinocrinus
mundulus) Supp. to Geo. Sur. Iowa,
Warsaw Gr. [Sig. neat, trim, nice.]

neglectus, Meek & Worthen, 1868, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Burlington Gr.
[Sig. overlooked.]

papillatus, Hall, 1860. (Actinocrinus
papillatus) Supp. to Geo. Sur. Iowa,
Burlington Gr. [Sig. shaped like a
bud.]

pistilliformis, Meek & Worthen, 1865,
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Kinder-
shook Gr. [Sig. in the form of a
pestle.]

pistillus, Meek & Worthen, 1865, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Burlington Gr.
[Sig. a pestle.]

planodiscus, Hall, 1860, (Actinocrinus
planodiscus) Supp. to Geo. Sur. Iowa,
Warsaw Gr. [Sig. a plain disc]

pyriformis, Shumard, 1855, (Actinocri-
nus pyriformis) Geo, Sur. Mo., Bur-
lington Gr. [Sig. pear-shaped.]

quasillus, Meek & Worthen, 1869, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Burlington Gr.
[Sig, a small basket.]

remibrachiatus, see sub-genus Eretmocri-
nus remibrachiatus.

sinuosus, Hall, 1860, (Actinocrinus sinu-
osus) Supp. to Geo. Sur. Iowa, Bur-
lington Gr. [Sig. full of curves.]

subaequalis, McChesney, 1860, (Actinocri-
nus subeequalis) New Pal. Foss., Bur-
lington Gr. [Sig. somewhat equal.]

trochiscus, Meek & Worthen, 1868, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Burlington Gr.
[Sig. a little wheel.]

turbinatus, Hall, 1858, (Actinocrinus tur-
binatus) Geo. Rep. Iowa, Burlington
Gr. [Sig. top-shaped.]

turbinatus var. elegans, (Actinocrinus tur-
binatus var. elegans) Geo. Rep. Iowa,
Burlington Gr. [Sig. elegant.]

verneuilianus, see Eretmocrinus verneu-
ilianus.
Belemnocrinus, White, 1862, Proc. Bost.
Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 9. [Ety. belemnon,
a dart, javelin ; krincm, a lily.]

typus, White, 1862, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat.
Hist., vol. 9, Burlington Gr. [Ety.
type of the genus.]

whitii, Meek & Worthen, 1866, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Burlington Gr.

[Ety. proper *name. ]

Blastoidocrinus, Billings, 1859, Decade 4.

[Ety. blastos, bud ; eidos, form ; krinon,

my-]

carcharidens, Billings, 1859, Geo. Sur. of

Can., Decade 4, Chazy Gr. [Ety.

carcharuz, a shark ; den's, a tooth.]
Brachiocrinus, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3.

[Ety. brachium, an arm ; krinon, a lily.]
nodosarius, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. knotty.]
Bursacrinus, Meek & Worthen, 1861, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. [Ety. buna, a

purse; krinon, a lily.]
confirmatus, White, 1862, Proc. Bost. Soc.

Nat. Hist., vol. 9, Burlington Gr. [Sig.

very thick or firm.]
wachsmuthi, Meek & Worthen, 1861,

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Burlington

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Cacabocrinus, Troost, 1850. It was never

described. The fossils that have been

referred to it will be found under

Dolatocrinus.
Calathocrinus, Hall, 1861. This name was

preoccupied by Von Meyer, in 1848.
Calceocrinus, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2.

[Ety. calceus, a shoe; krinon, a lily.]
barrisi, Woithen, 1875, Geo. Sur. 111., vol.

6, Devonian. [Etv. proper name.]
bradleyi, Meek & Worthen, 1869, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Keokuk Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
chrysalis, Hall, 1859, (Cheirocrinus chry-
salis) 13th Reg. Rep. N. Y., Niagara

Gr. [Sig. chrysalis.]
clarus, Hall, 1862, (Cheirocrinus clarus)

15th Reg. Rep. N, Y., Hamilton Gr.

[Sig. distinct, remarkable.]

ECHINODERMATA.

73

dactylus, Hall, 1859, (Cheirocrinus dacty-
lus) 13th Reg. Rep. N. Y., Burlington
Gr. [Sig. a finger.]

lamellosus, Hall, 1859, (Cheirocrinus lam-
ellosus) 13th Reg. Rep. N. Y., Burling-
ton Gr. [Sig. in very thin plates.]

nodosus, Hall, 1859, ( Cheirocrinus nodo-
sus) 13th Reg. Rep. N. Y., Warsaw
Gr. [Sig. knobbed.]

perplexus, Shumard, 1866, (Cheirocrinus
perplexus) Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci.,
Keokuk Gr. [Sig. intricate, obscure.]

stigmatus, Hall, 1863, (Cheirocrinus stig-
matus) Trans. Alb. Inst., vol. 4, Niag-
ara Gr. [Sig. marked, branded.]

tunicatus, Hall, 1859, (Cheirocrinus tuni-
catus) 13th Reg. Rep. N. Y., Warsaw
Gr. [Sig. coated.]

ventricosus, Hall, 1859, (Cheirocrinus
ventricosus) 13th Reg. Rep. N. Y.,
Burlington Gr. [Sig. bulging out.]

wachsmuthi, Meek & Worthen, 186 9,

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Burlington

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

Callocystites, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2.

[Ety. kallos, beautiful ; kustis, bladder.]

jewetti, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2, Ni-
agara Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Campanvlites, Troost, 1850. Not defined.

tesselatus, Troost, 1850. Not defined.
Carabocrinus, Billings, 1857, Rep. of Progr.
[Ety. karabos, a crab; krinon, a lily.]

radiatus, Billings, 1857, Rep. of Progr.,
Trenton Gr. [Sig. radiating from a
point.]

tuberculatum Billings, 1859, Decade 4,
Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. covered with
tubercles.]

vancortlandti, Billings, 1859, Decade 4,
Trenton Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Caryocrinus, Say, 1825, Jour. Acad. Nat.
Sci., vol. 4. [Ety. hat-yon, a nut;
krinon, a lily.]

globosus, Troost, 1850. Not defined.

granulatus, Troost, 1850. Not defined.

hexagonns, Troost. Not defined.

insculptus, Troost. Not defined.

loricatus, Say, 1825, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
vol. 4, Clinton & Niagara Gr. Syn.
for C. ornatus.

meconoideus, Troost. Not defined.

ornatus, Say, 1825, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
vol. 4, Clinton & Niagara Gr. [Sig.
adorned.]
Caryocystites, Von Buch, as cited by Hall in
1861, in Geo. Rep. Wis. See Holo-
cystites.

alternatus, see Holocystites alternatus.

cylindricm, see Holocystites cylindricus.
Catillocrinus, Troost, 1850, Cat. Foss., de-
scribed by Shumard, 1866, Trans. St.
Louis Acad. Sci. [Ety. catillus, a
small bowl ; krinon, a lily.]

bradleyi, Meek & Worthen, 1868, -Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Keokuk Gr.
[Ety. proper name.]
10

tennessese, Troost, 1850, Catalogue, but
described by Shumard, in 1866, in
Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., Warsaw
Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

wachsmuthi, Meek & Worthen, 1866,
(Synbathocrinus wachsmuthi) Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Burlington Gr.
[Ety. proper name.]
Cheirocrixits, Hall, 1860, 13th Reg. Rep.
This name seems to have been pre-
occupied by Eichwald, in 1856, and
therefore cannot stand. Shumard
suggests the close affinity with Calceo-
crinus, and I have therefore referred
the species to that genus.

chrysalis, see Calceocrinus chrysalis.

darns, see Calceocrinus clarus.

dactylus, see Calceocrinus dactylus.

lamellosus, see Calceocrinus lamellosus.

nodosus, see Calceocrinus nodosus.

perplexus, see Calceocrinus perplexus.

xtightaftix, see Calceocrinus stigmatus.

tunicatus, see Calceocrinus tunicatus.

ventricosus, see Calceocrinus ventricosus.
Cleiocrinus, Billings, 1857, Rep. of Progr.
[Ety. kleio, I close ; krinon, a lily.]

grandis, Billings, 1859, Can. Org. Rem.,
Decade 4, Trenton Gr. [Sig. great.]

libanus, Safford, 1869, Geo. of Tenn. Not
defined.

magnificus, Billings, 1859, Can. Org. Rem.,
Decade 4, Trenton Gr. [Sig. magnifi-
cent.]

regius, Billings, 1857, Rep. of Progr.,

Trenton Gr. [Sig. royal, magnificent.]

Ci.osterocrinus, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol.

2. [Ety. blaster, a spindle ; krinon, a

Kly.j

elongatus, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,
Clinton Gr. [Sig. lengthened.]
Coccocrinus, Muller, 1855, Verhand,Natur-
hist. Vereins Rhein und Westph.,
Jahr. 12. [Ety. kokkos, a berry ; krinon,
a lily.]

bacca, Roemer, 1860, Sil. Fauna. West
Tenn., Niagara Gr. [Sig. a small
round fruit, a berry.]
Codaster, McCoy, 1849, Ann. & Mag. Nat.
Hist. 2d ser., vol. 3. [Ety. kodon, a
bell; aster, a star.]

alternatus, Lyon, 1857, Geo. Sur. Ky.,
vol. 3, Corniferous Gr. [Sig. alternat-
ing-]

americanus, Shumard, 1858, Trans. St.
Louis Acad. Sci., Up. Held. Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]

kentuckiensis, Shumard, 1858, Trans. St.
Louis Acad. Sci., Low. Carb. [Ety.
proper name.]

pvramidatus, Shumard, 1858, Trans. St.
Louis Acad. Sci., Up. Held. Gr. [Sig.
in the form of a pyramid.]

whitii, Hall, 1861, Desc. New Crinoidea,
Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist., vol. 7, Burling-
ton Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

7-1

ECHINODERMATA.

Codonites, Meek & Worthen, 1869, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. [Ety. kodon, a

bell; lithos, stone.]
gracilis, Meek & Worthen, 1873, Geo. Sur.

111., vol. 5, Burlington Gr. [Sig.

slender.]
stelliformis, Owen & Shumard, 1850, (Pen-

tremites stelliformis), Jour. Acad. Nat.

Sci. Phil., 2d series, vol. 2, Burlington

Gr. [Sig. star-shaped.]
Cceliocrinus, White, 1863, Jour. Bost. Soc.

Nat. Hist., vol. 7. [Ety. koilia, the

belly ; krinon, a lily.]
dilatatus, Hall, 1861, (Poteriocrinus dila-

tatus) Desc. New Crinoidea, Burling-
ton Gr. [Sig. widened, spread out.]
subspinosus, White, 1863, Jour. Bost. Soc.

Nat. Hist., vol. 7, Burlington Gr. [Sig.

somewhat covered with spines.]
ventricosus, Hall, 1861, (Poteriocrinus

ventricosus) Desc. New Crinoidea,

Burlington Gr. [Sig. bulging out.]
Cuslocrinus, Meek & Worthen. 1865, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. [Ety. koilos,

hollow ; krinon, a lily.]
concavus, Meek & Worthen, 1861, (Acti-

nocrinus concavus) Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci. Phil., Burlington Gr. [Sig. de-
pressed, concave.]
Comarocystites, Billings, 1854, Can. Jour.,

vol. 2. [Ety. komaron, a strawberry ;

kustis, a bladder.]
obconicus, Meek & Worthen, 1865, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Trenton Gr.

[Sig. inversely conical.]
punctatus, Billings, 1854, Can. Jour., vol.

2, Trenton Gr. [Sig. punctate.]
shumardi, Meek & Worthen, 1865, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Trenton Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
Conocrinus, Troost. Not defined.
Coronocrinus, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3.

[Ety. korone, a crown ; krinon, a lily.]
polydactylus, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. many-fingered.]
Cotyledonocrinus, Casseday & Lyon, 1860,

Proc. Am. Acad. Arts & Sci., vol. 5.

[Ety. kotyledon, any cup-shaped hollow

or cavity; krinon, a lily.]
pentalobus, Casseday & Lyon, 1860, Proc.

Am. Acad. Arts & Sci., vol. 5, Kaskas-

kia Gr. [Sig. five-lobed.]
Crinocystites, Hall, 1864, 20th Reg. Rep.

[Ety. krinon, a lily ; kustis, a bladder.]
chrysalis, Hall, 1864, 20th Reg. Rep., Ni-
agara Gr. [Sig. chrysalis.]
(?) rectus, Hall, 1864, see Rhodocrinus (?)

rectus.
Crumensecrinites, Troost, 1850. Not defined.

ovalis, Troost, 1850. Not defined.
Ctenocrinus, Bronn, 1840, Leonh. und
Bronn, Jahrb. [Ety. kten, comb ; kri-
non, a lily.] This genus may include
the species referred to Macrostylo-
crinus, if so, it would have priority,
bainbridgensis, Hall & Whitfield, 1875,

Ohio Pal., vol. 2, Portage Gr. [Ety

proper name.]

breviradiatus, Hall & Whitfield, 1872,
Ham. Gr. [Sig. having short rays.]
CupelUecrinus. This name was proposed by
Troost in his catalogue published in
1850, in Proc. Am. Ass'n, with the
following species, C. buchii, C. corru-
gdtus, C. injlatus, C. Isevis, C. magnificw,
C. pentagonalis, C. rosxformis, C. stellatus,
and C. striatus. As the words have
never been illustrated or defined; they
must be regarded as out of the list.
Cyathocrinus, Miller, 1821, Nat. Hist.
Crinoidea. [Ety. cyathos, a cup or
goblet; krinon, a lily.]

angulatus, Meek & Worthen, 1860, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Keokuk Gr.
[Sig. having angles, cornered.]

arboreus, Meek & Worthen, 1865, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Keokuk Gr.
[Sig. tree-like.]

bulbosus, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep. N.
Y., Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. bulbous.]

bullatus, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,
Keokuk Gr. [Sig. bossed, studded
with small round knobs.]

conglobalus, Troost. Not defined.

cora, Hall, 1864, 20th Reg. Rep. Niagara
Gr. [Ety. a Roman proper name.]

cornutus, Owen & Shumard, 1850, Jour.
Acad. Nat. Sci., 2d ser., vol. 2, Bur-
lington Gr. [Sig. horned.]

corrugatus, Troost. Not defined.

crassibrachiatus, Hall, 1860, Supp. to Geo.
Iowa, Burlington Gr. [Sig. thick-
armed.]

crassus, see Zeacrinus crassus.

crateriformis, Troost. ^ Not defined.

decadactylus, Lyon & Casseday, 1859,
Am. Jour. Sci. & Arts, vol. 28, Low
Carb. [Sig. ten-fingered.]

decadactylus, see Scaphiocrinus decadacty
lus. This name was preoccupied.

depressus, Troost, see Zeacrinus depressus

divaricatus, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa
Burlington Gr. [Sig. wide apart
diverging.]

enormis, Meek & Worthen, 1865, (Poterio
crinus enormis) Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci
Phil., Burlington Gr. [Sig. unusually
large.]

farleyi, Meek & Worthen, 1866, Proc
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Keokuk Gr
[Etv. proper name.]

fasciatus, Hall, 1876, 28th Reg. Rep. Ni-
agara Gr. [Sig. striped.]

florealis, see Zeacrinus florealis.

fragilis, Meek & Worthen, 1868, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Burlington Gr.
[Sig. frail, easily broken.]

globosus, Troost. Not defined.

granuliferus, Shumard, 1852, Red. Riv.
Expl. Louisiana, Kaskaskia Gr. [Sig.
bearing granules.]

hexadactylus, Lyon & Casseday, 1859,
Am. Jonr. Sci., vol. 29, Kaskaskia Gr.
[Sig. six-fingered.]

hoveyi, see Bary crinus hoveyi.

ECHINODERMATA.

7.-.

ineipiens, Hall, 1861, Desc. New Crinoi-
dea, Burlington Gr. [Sig. a begin-
ning.]

inflatus, Troost. Not denned.

inflexvx, Geinitz, 1866, syn. for Poteriocri-
nus hemispbericus.

insperatus, Lyon, 1860, Trans. Am. Phil.
Soc, vol. 13, Low. Carb. [Sig. unex-
pected.]

intermedius, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,
Keokuk Gr. [Sig. intermediate.]

iowensis, Owen & Shumard, 1850, Jour.
Acad. Nat. Sci., 2d ser., vol. 2, Bur-
lington Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

kelloggi, White, 1862, Proc. Bost. Soc.
Nat. Hist., vol. 9, Keokuk Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]

laeviculus, Lyon, 1861, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phil., Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. nearly
smooth.]

latus, Hall, 1861, Desc. New Crinoidea,
Burlington Gr. [Sig. wide.]

lamellosus, White, 1863, Jour. Bost. Soc.
Nat. Hist., vol. 7, Burlington Gr.
[Sig. in very thin plates.]

lyoni, Hall, 1861. Desc. New Crinoidea,
Warsaw Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

macropleurus, Hall, 1861, Desc. New
Crinoidea, Burlington Gr. [Sig. long-
sided.]

magister, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,
Keokuk Gr. [Sig. the master, chief.]

magnoliiformis, see Zeacrinus magnolii-
formis.

malvaceus, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,
Burlington Gr. [Sig. mallow-shaped.]

maniform'us, see Zeacrinus maniformis.

multibrachiatus, Lyon & Casseday, 1859,
Am. Jour. Sci., vol. 28, Warsaw Gr.
[Sig. many-armed.]

ornatissimus, Hall, 1843, Geo. Rep. 4th
Dist. N. Y., Portage Gr. [Sig. highly
ornamented.]

parvibrachiatus, Hall, 1861, Desc. New
Crinoidea, Keokuk Gr. [Sig. small-
armed.]

pentalobus, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,
Kaskaskia Gr. [Sig. five-lobed.]

planus, Troost. Not defined.

polyxo, Hall, 1863, Trans. Alb. Inst., vol.
4, Niagara Gr. [Ety. mythological
name.]

poterium, Meek & Worthen, 1870, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Keokuk Gr.
[Sig. a drinking vessel, a goblet,]

protuberans, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,
Keokuk Gr. [Sig. protuberant.]

pusillus, Hall, 1863, Trans. Alb. Inst. vol.
4, Niagara Gr. [Sig. very small.]

pyriformis, Murchison, Sil. Researches,
1839, as identified by Hall, but de-
scribed by Conrad as Ichthyocrinus
lsevis.

quinquelobus, Meek & Worthen, 1865,
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Keokuk
Gr. [Sig. five-lobed.]

rarus, Lyon, 1860, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc,
vol. 13, Low. Carb. [Sig. rare.]

rigidus, White, 1862, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat.

Hist., vol. 9, Burlington Gr. [Sig.

rigid, not flexible.]
robustus, Troost. Not defined.
roemeri, Troost. Not defined,
rotundatus, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,

Burlington Gr. [Sig. rounded.]
saffordi, Meek & Worthen, 1860, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Keokuk Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
sangamonensis, Meek & Worthen, 1860,

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Up. Coal

Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
scitulus, svn. for C. sculptilis.
sculptilis", Hall, 1860, Supp. to Geo. Rep.

Iowa, Burlington Gr. [Sig. carved,

engraved.]
sculptus, Troost. Not defined,
solidus, Hall, 1861, Desc. New Crinoidea,

Burlington Gr. [Sig. solid, dense,

compact.]
spurius, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,

Keokuk Gr. [Sig. spurious.]
stellatus, Troost, 1850, Cat. Crin. Proc.

Am. Assoc, Ad. Sci., Keokuk Gr.

[Sig. glittering with stars.]
subtumidus, Meek & Worthen, 1865,

Proc Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Warsaw

Gr. [Sig. somewhat tumid.]
tennesseese, Troost. Not defined,
tenuidactylus, Meek & Worthen, 1868,

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Burlington

Gr. [Sig. slender-fingered.]
thomx, see Barycrinus thomse.
tiarxformis, see Ichthyocrinus tiariformis.
tumidus, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,

Keokuk Gr. [Sig. tumid, or as if

swollen.]
viminalis, Hall, 1861, Desc. New Crinoi-
dea, Burlington Gr. [Sig. rod-like.]
waukoma, Hall, 1864, 20th Reg. Rep., Ni-
agara Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
wortheni, Lyon, 1861, Proc Acad. Nat.

Sci. Phil., Up. Held. Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
wachsmuthi, Meek & Worthen, 1861,

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Burlington

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Cyclaster, Billings, 1857, Rep. of Progr. This

name was preoccupied. See Edrio-

aster.
bigsbyi, see Edrioaster bigsbyi.
Cyclocystoides, Billings & Salter, 1858, Can.

Org. Rem., Decade 3. [Ety. kuklos, a

circle; kustis, a bladder ; eidos, form.]
anteceptus, Hall, 1866, Pamphlet, Trenton

& Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. anticipated,

comprehended before.]
halli, Billings, 1858, Can. Org. Rem.,

Decade 3, Trenton Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
huronensis, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss. vol.

1, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
salteri, Hall, 1866, Pamphlet, Trenton

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Cystocrinus, Roemer, 1860, Sil. Fauna. West

Tenn. [Ety. kustis, a bladder ; krinon,

a lily.]

70

ECHINODERMATA.

tennesseensis, Roemer, 1860, Sil. Fauna.

West Tenn., Niagara Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
Cytocrinus, Roemer, 1860, Sil. Fauna. West

Tenn. Syn. for Macrostylocrinus.
leevia, see Macrostylocrinus lsevis.
Dzemonocriniles, Troost. Not denned.
Decadactylocrinites, Owen. Not defined.
Dendrocrinus, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2.

[Ety. dendron, a tree ; krinon, a lily.]
acutidaetylus, Billings, 1857, Rep. of

Progr., Trenton Gr. [Sig. sharp-
fingered.]
angulatus, see Palseocrinus angulatus.
caduceus, Hall, 1866, Pamphlet, Cin'ti

Gr. [Sig. the herald's staff.]
cash, Meek, 1871, Am. Jour. Sci., 3d ser.,

vol. 2, Cin'ti Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
cincinnatiensis, Meek, 1872, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci. Phil., Cin'ti Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
conjugans, Billings, 1857, Rep. of Progr.,

Trenton Gr. [Sig. joined, united.]
cylindricus, Billings, 1859, Can. Org.

Rem., Decade 4, Trenton Gr. [Sig.

cylindrical.]
dyeri, Meek, 1872, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.

Phil., Cin'ti Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
gregarius, Billings, 1857, Rep. of Progr.,

Trenton Gr. [Sig. occuring in flocks

or masses.]
humilis, Billings, 1857, Rep. of Progr.,

Trenton Gr. [Sig. small.]
jewetti, Billings, 1859, Can. Org. Rem.,

Decade 4, Trenton Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
latibrachiatus, Billings, 1857, Rep. of Prog.,

Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. wide-armed.]
longidactylus, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol.

2, Niagara Gr. [Sig. long-fingered.]
modestus, Safford, 1869, Geo. of Tenn. Not

defined,
nucleus, Hall, 1876, 28th Reg. Rep., Niag-
ara Gr. [Sig. a kernel.]
oswegoensis, Meek & Worthen, 1868, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 3, Cin'ti Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
polydactylus, Shumard, 1857, (Homocri-

nus polydactylus) Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., Cin'ti Gr. [Sig. many-
fingered.]
posticus, Hall, 1866, Pamphlet, Cin'ti Gr.

[Sig. behind, posterior.]
proboscidiatus, Billings, 1857, Rep. of

Progr., Trenton Gr. [Sig. having a

proboscis.]
rusticus, Billings, 1857, Rep. of Progr.,

Trenton Gr. [Sig. rustic, coarse,

rough.]
similis, Billings, 1857, Rep. of Progr.,

Trenton Gr. [Sig. similar to D. acuti-
dactylus, and D. proboscidiahis.']
tener, 'Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.

Antic, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. delicate.]
Dichocrinus, Munster, 1839, Beitrag. Zur.

Petref. [Ety. dicha, in two parts;

kriiion, a lily.]

angustus, White, 1862, Proc. Bost. Soc.

Nat. Hist., vol. 9, Burlington Gr. [Sig.

narrow.]
diesteremis, see Pterotocrinus cbesterensis.
constrictus, Meek & Worthen, 1860, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., St. Louis Gr.

[Sig. constricted.]
conus, Meek & Worthen, 1860, Proc.

Acad. Sci. Phil., Burlington Gr. [Sig.

a cone.]
cornigerus, see Pterotocrinus cornigerus.
crassitestus, White, 1862, Proc. Bost.

Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 9, Burlington Gr.

[Sig. like a thick vessel or pot lid.]
crassus, see Pterotocrinus crassus.
dichotomus, Hall, 1860, Supp. to Geo.

Rep. Iowa, Warsaw Gr. [Sig. divid-
ing into two.]
elegans, Casseday & Lyon, 1860, Proc.

Am. Acad. Arts & Sci., vol. 5, Kas-

kaskia Gr. [Sig. elegant.]
expansus, Meek & Worthen, 1868, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Keokuk Gr.

[Sig. spread out.]
ficus, Casseday & Lyon, 1860, Proc. Am.

Acad. Arts & Sci., vol. 5, Keokuk Gr.

[Sig. a fig.]
lachrymosus, Hall, 1860, Supp. to Geo.

Rep. Iowa, Burlington Gr. [Sig. full

of tears.]
lsevis, Hall, 1860, Supp. Geo. Rep. Iowa,

Burlington Gr. [Sig. smooth.]
lineatus, Meek & Worthen, 1869, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Burlington Gr.

[Sig. marked with lines.]
liratus, Hall, 1861, Desc. New Crinoidea,

Burlington Gr. [Sig. lined, furrowed.]
ovatus, Owen & Shumard, 1850, Jour.

Acad. Nat. Sci., 2d ser., vol. 2, Bur-
lington Gr. [Sig. egg-shaped.]
pisum, Meek & Worthen, 1869, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Burlington Gr.

[Sig. a pea.]
plicatus, Hall, 1861, Desc. New Crinoidea,

Burlington Gr. [Sig. plaited.]
pocillum, Hall, 1861, Desc. New Crinoidea,

Burlington Gr. [Sig. a little cup.]
polydactylus, Casseday & Lyon, 1860,

"Proc. Am. Acad. Arts & Sci., vol. 5,

Keokuk Gr. [Sig. many-fingered.]
protuberans, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,

Kaskaskia Gr. [Sig. protuberant.]
scitulus, Hall, 1861, Desc. New Crinoidea,

Burlington Gr. [Sig. handsome, neat.]
sculptus, Casseday & Lyon, 1860, Proc.

Am. Acad. Arts & Sci"., vol. 5, Keokuk

Gr. [Sig. engraved.]
sexlobatus, see Pterotocrinus sexlobatus.
simplex, Shumard, 1857, Trans. St. Louis,

Acad. Sci., Warsaw Gr. [Sig.

simple.]
striatus, Owen & Shumard, 1850, Jour.

Acad. Nat. Sci., 2d ser., vol. 2, Bur-
lington Gr. [Sig. striated.]
symmetricus, Casseday & Lyon, 1860,

Proc. Am. Acad. Arts & Sci., vol. 5,

Kaskaskia Gr. [Sig. symmetrical.]

ECHINODERMATA.

77

Dictyocrinus, Conrad, 1841, (Dictuocrinites)
Ann. Rep. N. Y. [Ety. dlctyon, a net ;
krinon, a lily.]

squamifer, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. scale-bearing.]

Dolatocrinus, Lyon, 1857, Geo. Sur. Ky.,

vol. 3. [Ety. dolatus, hewn or tooled ;

krinon, a lily.]

glyptus, Hall, 1862, (Cacabocrinns glyp-
tus) 15th Reg. Rep., Ham. Gr. [Sig.
sculptured.]

glyptus var. intermedins, Hall, 1862, 15th
Reg. Rep. N. Y., Ham. Gr. [Sig. in-
termediate.]

lacus, Lyon, 1857, Geo. Sur. Ky., vol. 3,
Comiferous Gr. [Sig. a tub, a vat, a
basin.]

lamellosus, Hall, 1862, (Cacabocrinus
lamellosus) 15th Reg. Rep. N. Y., Up.
Held. Gr. [Sig. in very thin plates.]

liratus, Hall, 1862, (Cacabocrinus liratus)
15th Reg. Rep. N. Y., Ham. Gr. [Sig.
furrowed.]

liratus var. multilira, Hall, 1862, Cacabo-
crinus liratus var. multilira) 13th Reg.
Rep. N. Y., Ham. Gr. [Sig. many-
furrowed.]

marshi, Lyon, 1860, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc,
Devonian. [Ety. proper name.]

speciosus, Hall, 1862, (Cacabocrinus speci-
osus) 15th Reg. Rep. N. Y., Up, Held.
Gr. [Sig. beautiful.]

troosti, Hall, 1862, (Cacabocrinus troosti)
15th Reg. Rep. N. Y., Ham. Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]
Donacicrinites, Troost. Not defined.

simplex, Troost. Not defined.
Dorycrinus, Roemer, 1853, Wiegm. Arch.
[Ety. dory, a spear ; krinon, a lily.]

canaliculars, Meek & Worthen, 1869,
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Burlington Gr.
[Sig. channeled.]

cornigerus, Hall, 1858, (Actinocrinus cor-
nigerus) Geo. Rep. Iowa, Burlington
Gr. [Sig. horned.]

desideratus, Hall, 1861, (Actinocrinus de-
sideratus) Desc. New Crinoidea, Bur-
lington Gr. [Sig. wished for, desir-
able.]

divaricatus, Hall, 1860, (Actinocrinus di-
varicatus) Supp. to Geo. Sur. Iowa,
Burlington Gr. [Sig. wide apart.]

gouldi, Hall, 1858, (Actinocrinus gouldi)
Geo. Rep. Iowa, Keokuk Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]

kelloggi, Worthen, 1875, Geo. Sur. 111.,
vol. 6, Keokuk Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]

mississippiensis, Roemer, 1853, Archiv.
fur Nat., Jahr. 19, Keokuk Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]

mississippiensis var. spiniger, Hall, 1860,
Supp. to Geo. Sur. Iowa, Keokuk Gr.
[Sig. spiny.]

missouriensis, Shumard, 1858, (Actino-
crinus missouriensis) Geo. Rep. Mo.,
Burlington Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

quinquelobus, Hall, 1860 (Actinocrinus
quinquelobus) Supp. to Geo. Rep.
Iowa, Burlington Gr. [Sig. five-
lobed.]

quinquelobus rar. intermedius, Meek &
Worthen, 1868, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
Burlington Gr. [Sig. intermediate.]

roemeri, Meek & Worthen, 1868, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Burlington Gr.
[Ety. proper name.]

subaculeatus, Hall, 1858, (Actinocrinus
subaculeatus) Geo. Rep. Iowa, Bur-
lington Gr. [Sig. armed with points
somewhat sharp.]

subturbinatus, Meek & Worthen, 1860,
(Actinocrinus subturbinatus) Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Burlington Gr.
[Sig. somewhat top-shaped.]

symmetricus, Hall, 1858, (Actinocrinus
symmetricus) Geo. Rep. Iowa, Bur-
lington Gr. [Sig. symmetrical.]

trinodus, Hall, 1858, (Actinocrinus trino-
dus) Geo. Rep. Iowa, Burlington Gr.
[Sig. three-knobbed.]

unicornis, Owen & Shumard, 1850, (Acti-
nocrinus unicornis) Jour. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phil., vol. 2, new ser., Burlington
Gr. [Sig. single-horned.]

unispinus, Hall, 1861, (Actinocrinus uni-
spinus) Desc. New Crinoidea, Bur-
lington Gr. [Sig. one-spined.]
Echixocystites, Hall, 1864, 20th Reg. Rep.
N. Y. [Ety. echinos, the sea urchin ;
kustis, a bladder.]

nodosus, Hall, 1864, 20th Reg. Rep. Ni-
agara Gr. [Sig. knobbed.]
Echino-encrinites, Meyer, 1826, Karst.
Archiv. Nat., vol. 7. [Ety. echinos, the
sea urchin; krinon, a lily.]

anatiformis, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,
Trenton Gr. [Sig. resembling the
barnacle Anatifa.] I think this species
is not generically distinct from
Lepadocrinns moori.

fenestratus, Troost. Not defined.
Echinus drydenensis, see Eocidaris dryden-
ensis.

gyracanthus, see Tentaculitesgyracanthus.
Edrioaster, Billings, 1858, Can. Org., Rem.
[Ety. edrkm, a seat; aster, a star;
in allusion to the sessile condition of
the species. This name is a substitute
for Cyclaster, proposed in 1857, the
latter name having been preoccupied.]

bigsbyi, Billings, 1857, (Cyclaster bigsbyi)
Rep. of Progr., Trenton Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]
Edriocrinus, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3.
[Ety. edrion, a seat; krinon, a lily.]

pocill if ormis, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol.
3, Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. like a little
cup.]

pyriformis, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep. N.
Y., Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. pear-shaped.]

sacculus, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,
Oriskany sandstone. [Sig. a little bag.]

78

ECHINODERMATA.

EUeacrinus, Roemer, 1852, syn. for Nucleo-

crinus.]
kirkwoodensis, see Nucleocrinus kirkwood-
ensis.
verneutti, see Nucleocrinus verneuili.
Eleutherocrinus, Shumard & Yandell, 1856,

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., vol. 8.

[Ety. eleutheros, free ; krinon, a lily.]
f\, Shumard & Yandell, 1856,

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., vol. 8, Up.

Held. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
whitfiekli, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep. N.

Y., Ham. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Eocidaris, Desor, 1858, Synopsis des Echi-

nides Fossiles. [Ety. eos, the dawn ;

cidaris, a turban.]
drydenensis, Vanuxem, 1842, (Echinus

drydenensis) Geo. Rep. 3rd Dist. N.Y.,

Chemung Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
hallianus, Geinitz, 1866, Carb. und Dyas.

in Neb., Up. Coal Meas. [Ety. proper

name.]
squamosus, Meek & Worthen, 1869, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Burlington Gr.

[Ety,

[Sig. scaly.]
llii

Eocystites, Billings, 1868, Acad. Geol.
eos, dawn ; kuslis, a bladder.]

primsevus, Billings, 1868, Acad. Geol., St.
John's Gr. [Sig. in the first period of
life.]
Eretmocrinus, Lyon & Casseday, 1859, Am.
Jour. Sci., vol. 28. [Ety. eretmos, an
oar; krinon, a lily.]

calyculoides, Hall, 1860, (Actinocrinus
calyculoides) Supp. to Geo. Sur. Iowa,
Burlington Gr. [Sig. like a little cup.]

clio, Hall, 1861, (Actinocrinus clio) Desc.
New Crinoidea, Burlington Gr. [Ety.
mythological name.]

clcelia, Hall, 1861, (Actinocrinus clcelia)
Desc. New Crinoidea, Burlington Gr.
[Ety. mythological name.]

magnificus, Lyon & Casseday, 1859, Am.
Jour. Sci., vol. 28, Low. Carb. [Sig.
magnificent.]

matuta, Hall, 1861, (Actinocrinus matuta)
Desc. New Crinoidea, Burlington Gr.
[Ety. Matuta, the name of a goddess of
the morning.]

matuta var. attenuata, Hall, 1861, (Acti-
nocrinus matuta var. attenuata) Desc.
New Crinoidea, Burlington Gr. [Sig.
drawn out, attenuated.]

remibrachiatus, Hall, 1861, (Actinocrinus
remibrachiatus) Desc. New Crinoidea,
Burlington Gr. [Sig. paddle-armed.]

verneuilianus, Shumard, 1855, (Actinocri-
nus verneuilianus) Geo. Sur. Mo.,
Burlington Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Erisocrinus, Meek & Worthen, 1865, Am.
Jour. Sci., vol. 89. [Ety. eris, conten-
tion; krinon, a lily.] " The authors
have expressed their doubts about
this genus, because it is so closely
allied to Dr. De Koninck's genus,
Philocrinus.

antiquus, Meek & Worthen, 1869, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Burlington Gr.

[Sig. ancient.]
conoideus, Meek & Worthen, 1865, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Up. Coal Meas.

[Sig. somewhat conical.]
nebrascensis, Meek & Worthen, 1865,

Am. Jour. Sci., vol. 89, Up. Coal Meas.

[Ety. proper name.] This is regarded

as merely a variety of E. typus.
typus, Meek & Worthen, 1865, Am. Jour.

Sci., vol. 89, Up. Coal Meas. [Ety.

type of the genus.]
tuberculatm, see Eupachycrinus tubercu-

latus.
whitii, Meek & Worthen, 1869, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Burlington Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
Eucalyptocrinus, Goldfuss, 1826, Petref.

Gerni. [Ety. eu, well ; kalyptos, covered;

krinon, a lily.]
armosus, see Glyptocrinus armosus.
cselatus, Hall, 1843, (Hypanthocrinites

cselatus) Geo. Rep., 4th Dist., N. Y.,

Niagara Gr. [Sig. carved in relief,

sculptured.]
chicagoensis, Winchell & Marcy, 1865,

Mem. Bos. Soc. Nat. Hist., Niagara

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
conicus, Troost. Not defined,
cornutus, Hall, 1864, 20th Reg. Rep., Ni-
agara Gr. [Sig. homed.]
cornutus var. excavatus, Hall, 1864, 20th

Reg. Rep., N. Y., Niagara Gr. [Sig.

hollowed out.]
crassus, Hall, 1863, Trans. Alb. Inst., vol.

4, Niagara Gr. [Sig. thick, stout.]
decorus, Phillips, 1839, (Hypanthocrinites

decorus) Murch. Sil. Syst., Niagara

Gr. [Sig. ornamented in relief.]
extensus, Troost. Not defined.
gibbosus, Troost. Not defined.
goldfussi, Troost. Not defined.
laevis, Troost. Not defined,
magnus, Worthen, 1875, Geo. Sur. 111.,

vol. 6, Up. Sil. [Sig. large.]
nashvilhe, Troost. Not defined,
obconicus, Hall, 1864, 20th Reg. Rep.,

Niagara Gr. [Sig. inversely conical.]
ornatus, Hall, 1861, Rep. of Progr. Sur.

of Wis., Niagara Gr. [Sig. adorned.]
ovatus, Troost, as figured by Hall, 1876,

28th Reg. Rep., Niagara Gr. [Sig.

ovate.]
papulosus, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,

Niagara Gr. [Sig. covered with pim-
ples.]
phillipsii, Troost. Not defined,
ramifer, Roemer, 1860, Sil. Fauna. West

T e n n . , Niagara Gr. [Sig. bearing

branches.]
splendidus, Troost, Catal. Hall & Whit-
field, 1875, Ohio Pal., vol. 2, Niagara

Gr. [Sig. splendid.]
tennesscete, Troost. Not defined.
Eugaster, Hall, 1868, 20th Reg. Rep. [Ety.

euge, pre-eminent, remarkable; aster,

a star.]

ECHINODERMATA.

79

logani, Hall, 1868, 20th Reg. Rep., Ham.

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Eupachycrinus, Meek & Worthen, 1865,

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. [Ety. eu, very ;

pachys, thick ; krinon, a lily.]
bassetti, Worthen, 1875, Geo. Sur. 111.,

vol. 6, Coal Meas. [Ety. proper

name.]
boydi, Meek & Worthen, 1870, Proc.

Acad. Nat, Sci. Phil., Chester Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
craigi, Worthen, 1875, Geo. Sur. 111., vol.

6, Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
fayettensis, Worthen, 1873, Geo. Sur. 111.,
" vol. 5, Up. Coal Meas. [Ety. proper

name.].
platybasis, White, 1876, Geo. Uinta Moun-
tains, Low. Aubrey Gr. [Sig. having

a flat base.]
tuberculatus, Meek & Worthen, 1865,

(Erisocrinus tuberculatus) Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci. Phil., Coal Meas. [Sig.

tuberculated.]
verrucosus, White & St. John, 1869, Trans.

Chi. Acad. Sci., Coal Meas. [Sig.

covered with tubercles.]
Forbesocrinus, DeKoninck & LeHon, 1S54,

Resch. Crin. Carb. Belg. [Ety. proper

name ; krinon, a lily.]
agassizi, Hall, 1858 & 1860, Geo. Sur. of

Iowa & Supp., Burlington Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
agassizi ear. giganteus, Meek & Worthen,

1861, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Bur-
lington Gr. [Sig. very large.]
asteriformis, Hall, 1861, Desc. New Cri-

noidea, Burlington Gr. [Sig. star-
shaped.]
cestriensis, Hall, 1860, Supp. to Geo.

Iowa, Burlington Gr. [Ety. proper

name.)
communis, Hall, 1863, Crin. Waverly

sandstone Ohio, Waverly Gr. [Sig.

of frequent occurrence.]
giddingi, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,

Keokuk Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
juvenis, Hall, 1861, Desc. New Crinoidea,

Burlington Gr. [Sig. young.]
kelloggi, Hall, 1863, Crin. Wav. Sands.

Ohio, Waverly Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
lobatus, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep. N. Y.,

Ham. Gr. [Sig. lobate.]
lobatus var. tardus, Hall, 1863, Crin. Wav.

Sands. Ohio, Waverly Gr. [Sig.

sluggish.]
meeki, see Onychocrinus meeki.
monroensis, see Onychocrinus monroensis.
multibrachiatus, Lyon & Casseday, 1859,

Am. Jour. Sci., Vol. 28, Kaskaskia Gr.

[Sig. many-armed.]
norwoodi, see Onychocrinus norwoodi.
nuntius, see Taxocrinus nuntius.
pratteni, see Melocrinus pratteni.
ramulosus, Lyon & Casseday, 1859, Am.

Jour. Sci., vol. 28, Kaskaskia Gr. [Sig.

full of branches.]

ramulosus, Hall, 1860, see F. subramu-

losus.
saffordi, Hall, 1860, Supp. to Geo. Sur.

Iowa, Burlington Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
semiovatus, see Taxocrinus semiovatus.
shumardianus, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep.

Iowa, St. Louis Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
spiniger, Hall, 1861, Desc. New Crinoidea,

Burlington Gr. [Sig. thorny.]
subramulosus, Shumard, 1866, (Hall, 1860,

F. ramulosus) Supp. to Geo. Sur. Iowa,

Burlington Gr. The specific name

ramulosus being preoccupied Shumard

proposed subramulosus, in Trans. St.

Louis. Acad. Sci. [Sig. somewhat

branchy.]
iliirmei, see Taxocrinus thiemii.
whit field! , see Onychocrinus whitfieldi.
wortheni, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,

Keokuk Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Glyptaster, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2.

[Ety. ghjptos, sculptured; aster, a star.]
brachiatus, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,

Niagara Gr. [Sig. having arms.]
inornatus, Hall, 1863, Trans. Alb. Inst.,

vol. 4, Niagara Gr. [Sig. not adorned.]
occidentalis, Hall, 1863, Trans. Alb. Inst.,

vol. 4, Niagara Gr. [Sig. western.]
pentangularis, Hall, 1867, 20th Reg. Rep.,

Niagara Gr. [Sig. five-cornered ; pen-
tagonal.]
Glyptocrinus, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1.

[Ety. ghjptos, sculptured; krinon, a

lily-]

armosus, McChesney, 1861, (Eucalypto-
crinus armosus) New Pal. Foss., Ni-
agara Gr. [Sig. many-armed.]

baeri, Meek, 1872, Am. Jour. Sci., 3rd
series, vol. 3, Cin'ti Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]

carleyi, Hall, 1862, Trans. Alb. Inst., vol.
4, Niagara Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

decadactylus, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol.
1, Cin'ti Gr. [Ety. ten-fingered, but
the fossil has twenty fingers.]

dyeri, Meek, 1872, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Phil., Cin'ti Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

fimbriatus, Shumard, 1855, Geo. Rep. Mo.,
Trenton Gr. [Sig. fringed.]

fornshelli, S. A. Miller, 1874, Cin. Quar.
Jour. Sci., Cin'ti Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]

lacunosus, Billings, 1857, Rep. of Progr.,
Trenton Gr. [Sig. having deep de-
pressions.]

libanus, Safford, 1869, Geo. of Tenn. Not
defined.

marginatus, Billings, 1857, Rep. of Progr.,
Trenton Gr. [Sig. margined — from
the border on the margin of the plates.]

nealli, Hall, 1866, Pamphlet, Cin'ti Gr.
[Ety. proper name.]

nobilis, Hall, 1861, Rep. of Progr. Sur of
Wis., Niagara Gr. [Sig. remarkable.]

ornatus, Billings, 1857, Rep. of Piogr.,
Trenton Gr. [Sig. adorned.]

so

ECHINODERMATA.

parvus, Hall, 1866, Pamphlet, Cin'ti Gr.

(Sig. small.]
plumosus, Hall, 1843, (Actinocrinus plu-

mosus) Geo. Rep., 4th Dist. N. Y.,

Clinton Gr. [Sig. feathery.]
priscus, Billings, 1857, Rep. of Progr. Geo

Sur. Can., Black Riv. & Trenton Gr

[Sig. ancient.]
quinquepartitus, Billings, 1859, Can. Org

Rem., Decade 4, Trenton Gr. [Sig

five-parted.]
ramulosus, Billings, 1856, Can. Nat. Geo.,

vol. 1, Trenton Gr. [Sig. full of little

branches.]
shafferi, S. A. Miller, 1875, Cin. Quar,

Jour. Sci., vol. 2, Cin'ti Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
siphonatm, Hall, 1861, syn. for Glyptocri-

nus armosus.
subglobosus, Meek, 1873, Pal. Ohio, vol.

1, Cin'ti Gr. [Sig. somewhat globose.]
Glyptocystites, Billings, 1854, Can. Jour.,

vol. 2. [Ety. glyptos, sculptured ; kustin,

a bladder.]
forbesi, Billings, 1857, Rep. of Progr.

Chazy Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
gracilis, "Billings, 1858, Can. Org. Rem.,

Decade 3, Trenton Gr. [Sig. slender.]
logani, Billings, 1857, Rep. of Progress,

Trenton Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
logani var. gracilis, "Billings, 1858, Can.

Org. Rem., Decade 3, Trenton Gr.

[Sig. slender.]
multiporus, Billings, 1854, Can. Jour.,

vol. 2, Trenton Gr. [Sig. having

many passages.]
Gomphocystites, Hall, 1864, 20th Reg. Rep.

[Ety. gomphos, nail or rudder ; kustis, a

bladder.]
clavus, Hall, 1864, 20th Reg. Rep., Niagara

Gr. [Sig. a club.]
glans, Hall, 1864, 20th Reg. Rep., Niagara

Gr. [Sig. an acorn.]
tenax, Hall, 1864, 20th Reg. Rep., Niagara

Gr. [Sig. holding on — the arm plates

appear to have been fringed with

tentacles.]
Goniasteroidocrinus, Lyon & Casseday,

1859, Am. Jour. Sci., vol. 28. [Ety.

like the recent genus Goniaster ;

krinon, a lily.]
fiscellus, Meek & Worthen, 1861, (Tre-

matocrinus fiscellus) Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci. Phil., Burlington Gr. [Sig. a

small basket made of twigs.]
obovatus, Meek & Worthen, 1869, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Burlington Gr.

[Sig. egg-shaped, with large end up-
permost.]
papillatus, Hall, 1860, (Trematocrinus

papillatus) Supp. to Geo. Rep. Iowa,

Burlington Gr. [Sig. bud-shaped.]
reticulatus, Hall, 1861, (Trematocrinus

reticulatus) Desc. New Crinoidea,

Burlington Gr. [Sig. reticulated.]
robustus, Hall, 1860, (Trematocrinus ro-

bustus) Supp. to Geo. Rep. Iowa,

Keokuk Gr. [Sig. robust.]

spinigerus, Hall, 1862, (Trematocrinus

spinigerus) 15th Reg. Rep. N. Y.,

Ham. Gr. [Sig. bearing spines.]
tenuiradiatus, Meek & "Worthen, 1869,

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Burlington

Gr. [Sig. slenderly rayed.]
tuberculosus, Hall, 1860, (Trematocrinus

tuberculosus) Supp. to Geo. Rep.

Iowa, Burlington Gr. [Sig. covered

with tubercles.]
tuberosus, Lyon & Casseday, 1859, Am.

Jour. Sci., vol. 28, Kaskaskia Gr. [Sig.

knobby.]
typus, Hall, 1860, (Trematocrinus typus)

Supp. to Geo. Rep. Iowa, Burlington

Gr. [Sig. the type — the type of the

genus Trematocrinus.']
Granatocrinus, Troost, 1850, Cat. Foss., and

described by Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep.

N. Y. [Ety. granatos, granular ; krinon,

a lily.]
cidariformis, Troost. Not defined,
cornutus, Meek & Worthen, 1861,

(Pentremites cornutus) Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci. Phil., St. Louis Gr. [Ety.

from the horn-like interradial pieces.]
curtus, Shumard, 1855, (Pentremites cur-

tus) Geo. Rep. Mo., Warsaw Gr. [Sig.

short.]
glaber, Meek & Worthen, 1869, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., St. Louis Gr.

[Sig. smooth.]
granulatus, Roemer, 1852, (Pentremites

granulatus) Monog. Blast., Warsaw

Gr. [Sig. granulated.]
granulosus, Meek & Worthen, 1865, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Keokuk Gr.

[Sig. covered with small granules.]
lotoblastus, White, 1874, Rep. Invert.

Foss., Low. Carb. [Ety. lotos, the Lotos

plant ; blastos, a bud.]
melo, Owen & Shumard, 1850, (Pentre-
mites melo) Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil.,

2d ser., vol. 2, Burlington Gr. [Sig.

a melon.]
melo var. projedus, see Granatocrinus pro-

jectus.
melonoides, Meek & Worthen, 1869, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Burlington, Gr.

[Sig. resembling a melon.]
missouriensis, Shumard, 1866, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., Chemung Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
neglectus, Meek & Worthen, 1869, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Burlington Gr.

[Sig. overlooked.]
norwoodi, Owen & Shumard, 1850, (Pen-
tremites norwoodi) Jour. Acad. Nat.

Sci. Phil., 2d series, vol. 2, Burlington

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
pisum, Meek & Worthen, 1869, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Burlington Gr.

[Sig. a pea.]
projectus. Meek & Worthen, 1861, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Burlington Gr.

[Sig. projected, thrown out.]

ECHINODERMATA.

81

roemeri, Shumard, 1855, (Pentremites

roemeri) Geo. Rep. Mo., Chemung

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
sayi, Shumard, 1855, (Pentremites sayi)

Geo. Rep. Mo., Burlington Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
shumardi, Meek & Worthen, 1866, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Burlington Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
Graphiocrixus, De Koninck & Le Hon, 1854,

Rech. Crin. Carb. Belg. [Ety. graphion,

writing instrument ; krinon, a lily.]
brachialis, Lyon, 1857, Geo. Sur. Ky., vol.

3, Low. Carb. [Sig. having arms.]
dactylus, Hall, 1860, Supp. to Geo. Rep.

Iowa, St. Louis Gr. [Sig. fingered.]
quatuordecem brachialis, Lyon, 1857, Geo.

Sur. Ky., vol. 3, Burlington Gr. [Sig.

having fourteen arms.]
Hadrocrinus, Lyon, 1869, Trans. Am. Phil.

Soc, vol. 13. [Ety. adros, full grown ;

krinon, a lily.]
discus, Lyon, 1869, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc,

vol. 13, Devonian. [Sig. a dish.]
pentagonus, Lyon, 1869, Trans. Phil. Soc,

vol. 13, Devonian. [Sig. pentagonal.]
plenissimus, Lyon, 1869, Trans. Phil. Soc,

vol. 13, Devonian. [Sig. the largest.]
Haplocrinus, Steininger, Bui. Soc. Geol.

France t. 8, 1st series. [Ety. haploos,

simple; fo-inon, a lily.]
clio, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep. N. Y.,

Marcellus shale. [Ety. mythological

name.]
granulatus, Troost. Not defined.
liemispliericus, Troost. Not defined.
ma.rimus, Troost. Not defined.
oralis, Troost. Not defined.
Hemicosmites, Von Buch, 1840, Monatsber

d. Berlin Akad. [Ety. hemi, half;

cosmites, sphere.]
subglobosus, Hall, 1864, in 20th Reg.

Rep., Niagara Gr. [Sig. somewhat

globose.]
Hemicystites, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2.

[Ety. hemi, half; faistis, a bladder.]
alius, a synonym for H. granulatus.
granulatus, Hall, 1872, Pamphlet, Cin'ti

Gr. [Ety. from the granulated appear-
ance of the upper surface.]
parasiticus, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,

Niagara Gr. [Sig. parasitic]
stellatus, Hall, 1866, Pamphlet, Cin'ti Gr.

[Sig. star-shaped.]
Heterocrine, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1.

[Ety. heleros, irregular ; krinon, a lily.]
articulosus, Billings, 1859, Can. Org. Rem.,

Decade 4, Trenton Gr. [Sig. full of

joints.]
canadensis, Billings, 1859, Can. Org.

Rem., Decade 4, Trenton Gr. [Ety.

proper name.] This species can hardly

be separated from H. simplex, by spe-
cific differences, and it is doubtful

whether it constitutes more than a

variety,
constrictus, Hall, 1866, Pamphlet, Cin'ti

Gr. [Sig. constricted.]

constrictus var. compactus, Meek, 1873,

Ohio Pal., vol. 1, Cin'ti Gr. [Sig.

compact.]
crassus, Meek & Worthen, 1865, Proc

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Cin'ti Gr. [Ety.

from the thick arm plates.]
exilis, Hall, 1866, Pamphlet, Trenton &

Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. small, slender.]
exiguus, syn. for H. exilis.
gracilis, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1.

Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. slender.]
heterodactylus, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y,

vol. 1, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. irregularly

fingered.]
insequalis, Billings, 1859, Can. Org. Rem.,

Decade 4, Trenton Gr. [Sig. unequal.]
incurvus, see Anomalocrinus incurvus.
isodactylu.% syn. for Heterocrinus con-
strictus var.- compactus.
juvenis, Hall, 1866. Pamphlet, Cin'ti Gr.

[Sig. voung.]
laxus, Hall, 1866, Pamphlet, Trenton &

Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. loose.]
poly.ro, syn. for H. subcrassus.
simplex, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,

Trenton & Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. simple.]
simplex var. grandis, Meek, 1873, Pal.

Ohio, vol. 1, Cin'ti Gr. [Sig. great.]
subcrassus, Meek & Worthen, 1865, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Cin'ti Gr. [Sig.

somewhat like H. crassus.']
tenuis, Billings, 1857, Rep. of Progr.,

Trenton Gr. [Sig. slender.]
Heterocystites, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol.

2. [Ety. heteros, irregular; kustis, a

bladder.]
armatus, ' Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y, vol. 2,

Niagara Gr. [Sig. having arms.]
Holocystites, Hall, 1864, in 20th Reg.

Rep. [Ety. holes, entire; kustis, a

bladder.]
abnormis, Hall, 1864, in 20th Reg. Rep.,

Niagara Gr. [Sig. abnormal, out of

the usual order.]
alternatus, Hall, 1861, (Caryocystites

alternatus) Rep. of Prog. Geo. Sur.

Wis., Niagara Gr. [Ety. from the

alternating plates.]
cylindricus, Hall, 1861, (Caryocystites

cylindricus) Ann. Rep. Geo. Wis.,

Niagara Gr. [Sig. cylindrical.]
ovatus, Hall, 1864, in 20th Reg. Rep.,

Niagara Gr. [Sig. egg-shaped.]
scutellatus, Hall, 1864, in 20th Reg.

Rep., Niagara Gr. [Sig. a salver or

waiter of a nearly square form.]
sphsericus, Winchell & Marcy, 1865, Mem.

Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 1, Niagara Gr.

[Sig. round-bodied.]
winchelli, Hall, 1864, in 20th Reg. Rep.,

Niagara Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Homocrinus, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2.

[Ety. homos, like ; krinon, a lily.]
alternatus, Hall, 1847, (Poteriocrinus al-
ternatus) Pal. N. Y., vol. 1, Trenton

Gr. [Sig. from the alternating plates.]

82

ECHINODERMATA.

angustus, Meek & Worthen, 1870, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Cin'ti Gr. [Sig.

narrowed, contracted.]
cylindricus, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,

Niagara Gr. [Sig. cylindrical.]
gracilis, Hall, 1847, (Poteriocrinus gra-
cilis) Pal. N. Y., vol. 1, Trenton Gr.

[Sig. slender.]
parvus, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,

Niagara Gr. [Sig. small.]
polydactylus, see Dendrocrinus polydac-

tylus.
proboscidialis, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol.

3, Oriskany sandstone. [Ety. from

the proboscis.]
scoparius, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. a sweeper.]
Hybocrinus, Billings, 1857, Rep. of Progr.

[Ety. hubos, hump-backed; krinon, a

My-] ' .

conicus, Billings, 1857, Rep. of Progr.,

Trenton Gr. [Sig. conical.]
pristinus, Billings, 1859, Decade 4, Chazy

Gr. [Sig. primitive, early.]
tumidus, Billings, 1857, Rep. of Progr.,

Trenton Gr. [Sig. tumid, swollen

out.]
Hydreionocrinus (?) verrucosus, White & St.

John, 1868, Trans. Chi. Acad. Sci.

See Eupachycrinus verrucosus.
Hypanthocrinites, Phillips, 1839, Murch. Sil.

Syst. [Ety. upo, under; anthos, a

flower; krinon, a lily.]
cselatus, see Eucalyptocrinus cselatus.
decorus, see Euclayptocrinus decorus.
Ichthyoceinus, Conrad, 1842, Jour. Acad.
• Nat. Sci. Phil., vol. 8. [Ety. ichthys, a

fish ; krinon, a lily.]
burlingtonensis, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep.

Iowa, Burlington Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
clintonensis, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol.

2, Clinton Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
corbis, Winchell & Marcy, 1865, Mem.

Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., Niagara Gr.

[Sig. a basket.] Prof. Hall regards

this as a syn. for I. subangularis.
laevis, Conrad, 1842, Jour. Acad. Nat.

Sci., vol. 8, Niagara Gr. [Sig. smooth.]
subangularis, Hall, 1862, Trans. Alb. Inst.,

vol. 4, Niagara Gr. [Sig. somewhat

angular.]
tiariformis, Troost, 1850, (Cyathocrinus

tiariformis) Catal. Low. Carb. [Sig

like a turban.]
Icosidactylocrinites. Not defined.
Lampterocrinus, Roemer, 1860, Sil. Fauna

West Tenn. [Ety. lampter, a lamp

krinon, a lily.]
inflatus, Hall, 1861, (Balanocrinus infla-

tus) Rep. of Progr. Sur. of Wis., Ni

agara Gr. [Sig. inflated.]
sculptus, syn. for L. tennesseensis.
tennesseensis, Roemer, 1860, Sil. Fauna

West Tenn., Niagara Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]

Lecanocrinus, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2..
[Ety. lekane, a basin, from the bowl-
shaped form of the calyx in the typical
species; krinon, a lily.]

caliculus, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,
Niagara Gr. [Sig. a little cup.]

elegans, Billings, 1857, Rep of Progr.,
Trenton Gr. [Sig. elegant.]

laevis, Billings, 1857, Rep. of Progress,
Trenton Gr. [Sig. smooth.]

macropetalus, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol.
2, Niagara Gr. [Sig. having long-
flower leaves ; from the wide scapular
plates.]

ornatus, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,
Niagara Gr. [Sig. adorned.]

pusillus, syn. for Cyathocrinus pusillus.

simplex, "Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y, vol. 2,

Niagara Gr. [Sig. simple.]

Lepadocrinus, Conrad, 1840, Ann. Rep. N.

i Y. [Ety. from the resemblance to

the Lepas or Barnacle Anatifa ; krinon,

a lily.]

gebhardi, Conrad, 1840, Ann. Rep. N.
Y., Low. Held. Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]

moorii, Meek, 1871, (Lepocrinites moorii)
Am. Jour. Sci., 3rd ser., vol. 2, Cin'ti
Gr. [Ety. proper name.] I think
this species is not generically distinct
from Echino-encrinites anatiformis.
Lepidechinus, Hall, 1861, Desc. New Spec.
Crinoidea. [Ety. lepis, scale ; echinus,
the sea urchin.]

imbricatus, Hall, 1861, Desc. New Cri-
noidea, Burlington Gr. [Sig. imbri-

rarispinus, Hall, 1867, 20th Reg. Rep.,
Chemung Gr. [Sig. having few
spines.]

Lepidesthes, Meek & Worthen, 1868, Geo.
Sur. 111., vol. 3. [Ety. lepis, a scale;
esthes, a garment.]
coreyi, Meek & Worthen, 1868, Geo. Sur.
111., vol. 3, Keokuk Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]

Lepidocidaris, Meek & Worthen, 1873, Geo.
Sur. 111., vol. 5. A proposed sub-
genus of Eocidaris.

Lepidodiscus, Meek & Worthen, 1873, Geo.
Sur. 111., vol. 3. [Ety, lepis, a scale;
diskos, a quoit.] A proposed subgenus
of Agelacrinus.

Lepocrinites, Conrad, 1840. The correct
orthography seems to be Lepado-
crinus.
moorei, Meek, see Lepadocrinus moorii.

Lichenocrinus, Hall, 1866, Pamphlet. [Ety.
lichen, a tree moss; krinon, a lily.]
crateriformis, Hall, 1866, Pamphlet, Tren-
ton & Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. having
the form of a cup.]
dyeri, Hall, 1866, Phamphlet, Cin'ti Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
tuberculatus, S. A. Miller, 18 74, Cin.
Quar. Jour. Sci., vol. 1, Cin'ti Gr.
[Ety. from the tuberculated plates.]

ECHINODERMATA.

S3

Lyriocrinus, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2.

[Ety. lyrion, small lyre, a musical

instrument ; krinon, a lily.]
dactylus, Hall, 1843, (Marsupiocrinites (?)

dactylus) Geo. Rep. 4th Dist. N. Y.,

Niagara Gr. [Sig. fingered.]
sculptilis, Hall, 1864, 20th Reg. Rep.,

Niagara Gr. [Sig. produced by carv-
ing.]
Macrostylocrinus, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y.,

vol. 2. [Ety. makros, long ; stylos, an

arm; krinon, a lily.]
lsevis, Roemer, 1860, (Cytocrinus lsevis)

SO. Faun. West Tenn., Niagara Gr.

[Sig. smooth.]
ornatus, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y, vol. 2,

Niagara Gr. [Sig. adorned.]
striatus, Hall, 1868, Trans. Alb. Inst., vol.

4, Niagara Gr. [Sig. striated.]
Malocystites, Billings, 1858, Can. Org. Rem.

Decade 3. [Ety. malum, an apple;

kustis, a bladder. )
barrandi, Billings, 1858, Can. Org. Rem.,

Decade 3, Chazy Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
murchisoni, Billings, 1858, Can. Org.

Rem., Decade 3, Chazy Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
Mariacrinus, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3.

[Ety. Maria, Mary — a proper name;

krinon, a lily.] See also subgenus

Technocrinus.
macropetalus, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol.

3, Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. having long

flower leaves; from the wide basal

and radial plates.]
nobilissimus, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol.

3, Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. most remark-
able.]
pachydactylus, Conrad, 1841, (Astrocrin-

ites pachydactylus) Ann. Rep. N. Y.,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. thick-fingered.]

Syn. (?) for M. polydactylus.
paucidactylus, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol.

3, Low' Held. Gr. [Sig. few-fingered.]
plumosus, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. feathery.]
polydactylus, Bonny, 1837, (Actinocrinus

polydactylus) Am. Jour., vol. 31, Up.

SO. [Sig. many-fingered.]
ramosus, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y, vol. 3,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. branching.]
stoloniferus, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol.

3, Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. bearing

branches.]
Marsupiocrinites, Phillips, 1839, Murch., SO.

Syst. [Sig. a purse or bag ; krinon, a

%•]

dactylus, see Lyriocrinus dactylus.
Megistocrixus, Owen & Shumard, 1852,

Geo. Sur. Wis., Iowa and Minn. [Ety.

megistos, very great ; krinon, a lily.]
abnormis, Lyon, 1857, (Actinocrinus ab-

normis) Geo. Sur. Ky., vol. 3, Up.

Held. Gr. [Sig. abnormal.]
crassus, White, 1862, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat.

Hist., vol. 9, Burlington Gr. [Sig.

thick.]

depressus, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep. N.

Y., Hamilton Gr. [Sig. depressed.]
evansi, Owen & Shumard, 1852, Geo. Sur.

Wis., Iowa and Minn., Burlington Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
farnsworthi, White, 1876, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci., Devonian. [Ety. proper

name.]
infelix, Winchell & Marcy, Mem. Bost.

Soc. Nat. Hist., Niagara Gr. Prof.

Hall regards this species as the young

of Saccocrinus christyi. [Sig. miser-
able.]
knappi, Lyon & Casseday, 1861, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Up. Held. Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
latus, Hall, 1858, Geo. of Iowa, Ham, Gr.

[Sig. broad.]
marcouanus, Winchell & Marcy, see Sac-
cocrinus christyi.
necis, Winchell & Marcy, 1865, Mem.

Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., Niagara Gr. [Sig.

doubtful.] Prof. Hall regards this

species as a synonym for Saccocrinus

christyi.
olliculus, Hall, 1861, Desc.New Crinoidea,

Burlington Gr. [Sig. a little pot.]
Ontario, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep. N. Y.,

Ham. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
parvirostris, Meek & Worthen, 1869, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Burlington Gr.

[Sig. small-beaked.]
plenus, White, 1862, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat.

Hist,, vol. 9, Burlington Gr. [Sig.

full, large.]
rugosus, Lyon & Casseday, 1859, Am.

Jour. Sci., vol. 28, Up. Held. Gr. [Sig.

rugose.]
spinosus, Lvon, 1861, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci. Phil., Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. covered

with spines.]
spinulosus, Lyon, 1861, Jour. Acad. Nat.

Sci. Phil ., Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. covered

with little spines.]
whitii, Hall, 1861, Jour. Bost. Soc. Nat.

Hist., vol. 7, Burlington Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
Melocrinus, Goldfuss, 1826, Petref. Germ.

[Ety. melo, a melon ; krinon, a lily.]
bainbridgensis, see Ctenocrinus bainbrid-

gensis.
breviradiatus, see Ctenocrinus breviradi-

atus.
nodosus, Hall, 1861, Geo. Rep. Wis., De-
vonian. [Ety. nodosus, knobbed.]
obconicus, Hall, 1863, Trans. Alb. Inst.,

vol. 4, Niagara Gr. [Sig. inversely

conical.]
pratteni, McChesney, 1860, (Forbeso-

crinus pratteni) New Pal. Foss., War-
saw Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
sculptus, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y, vol. 2,

Niagara Gr. [Sig. engraved, sculp-
tured.]
verneuili, Troost, 1850, (Actinocrinus

verneuili) Proc. Am. Assoc. Sci.,

Niagara Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

84

ECHINODERMATA.

Melonites, Owen & Norwood, 184G, Am.

Jour. Sci., 2d series, vol. 2. [Ety.

melon, a melon ; lithos, stone.]
danse, see Oligoporus danse.
multiporus, Owen & Norwood, 1846, Am.

Jour. Sci., 2d series, vol. 2, St. Louis

Gr. [Sig. having many pores.]
stewarti, Safford, 1869, Geo. of Tennessee,

Low. Carb. [Ety. proper name.]
Mespilocrinus, DeKoninck & LeHon, 1854,

Rech. Crin., Terr. Carb. Belg. [Ety.

mespilum, a medlar; krinon, a lily.]
konincki, Hall, 1860, Supp. to Geo. Rep.

Iowa, Burlington Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
scitulus, Hall, 1861, Desc. New Crinoi-

dea, Burlington Gr. [Sig. handsome,

pretty.]
Myelodactylus, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol.

2. [Ety. myelos, the inside pith, from

the foramen or medullary canal pen-
etrating the column of joints ; dactylus,

a finger.]
brachiatus, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,

Niagara Gr. [Sig. having arms.]
convolutus, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,

Niagara Gr. [Sig. convoluted, rolled

as it were together.]
Myrtillocrinus, Sandberger, 1856, Verst.

der Rhein. Schi. Syst. in Nassau.

[Ety. myrtillus, a myrtle; krinon, a

lily-]

americanus, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep.

N. Y., Up. Held. [Ety. proper name.]
Nipterocrinus, 'Wachsmuth, 1868, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. [Ety. nipter, a

washing vessel ; krinon, a lily.]
arboreus, Worthen, 1863, Geo. Sur., 111.,

vol. 5, Burlington Gr. [Sig. branched

like a tree.]
wachsmuthi, Meek & Worthen ; 1868,

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Burlington

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Nucleocrinus, Conrad, 1842, Jour. Acad.

Nat. Sci. Phil., vol. 8. [Ety. nucleus, a

little nut ; krinon, a lily.]
angularis, Lyon, 1857, (Olivanites angu-
laris) Geo. Sur. Ky., vol. 3, Cornifer-

ous Gr. [Sig. angular.]
conradi, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep. N. Y.,

Up. Held. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
ins, Conrad, 1842, Jour. Acad. Nat.

Sci. Phil., Ham. Gr. [Sig. elegant.]
hallii, syn. for Nucleocrinus elegans.
kirkwoodensis, Shumard, 1863, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., St. Louis Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
lucina, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep. N. Y.,

Ham. Gr. [Ety. mythological name.]
verneuili, Troost, 1841, (Pentremites ver-

neuili) 6th Rep. on the Geo. of Tenn.,

Corniferous Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Oligoporus, Meek & Worthen, 1860, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. [Ety. oligos, few ;

poros, a passage.]
danae, Meek & Worthen, 1860, (Melon-
ites danae) Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil.,

Keokuk Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

nobilis, Meek & Worthen, 1869, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Burlington Gr.

[Sig. remarkable.]
Olivanites, syn. for Nucleocrinus.

angularis, see Nucleocrinus angularis.

verneuili, see Nucleocrinus verneuili.

Onychaster, Meek & Worthen, 1868, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 3. [Ety. onyx, a claw;

aster, a star.]
barrisi, Hall, 1861, (Protaster barrisi)

Desc. New Crinoidea, Burlington Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
flexilis, Meek & Worthen, 1868, Geo. Sur.

111., vol. 3, Keokuk Gr. [Sig. pliant.]
Onychocrinus, Lyon & Casseday, 1859, Am.

Jour. Sci., 2d series, vol. 29. [Ety.

onyx, a claw ; krinon, a lily.]
diversus, Meek & Worthen, 1866, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Burlington Gr.

[Sig. separated.]
exculptus, Lyon & Casseday, 1859, Am.

Jour. Sci., Keokuk Gr. [Sig. carved-

out.]
magnus, Worthen, 1875, Geo. Sur. 111.,

vol. 6,. St. Louis Gr. [Sig. large.]
meeki, Hall, 1858, (Forbesiocrinus meeki)

Geo. Sur. Iowa, Chester Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
monroensis, Meek & Worthen,' 1861,

(Forbesiocrinus monroensis) Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci., Keokuk Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
norwoodi, Meek & Worthen, 1860, (For-
besiocrinus norwoodi) Proc. Acad

Nat. Sci., Keokuk Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
whitfieldi, 1858, (Forbesiocrinus whit-

fieldi) Geo. Sur. Iowa, Chester Gr

[Ety. proper name.]
Pachycrinus, Billings, 1859, Decade 4. [Ety

pachys, thick ; krinon, a lily.]
crassibasalis, Billings, 1859, Decade 4,

Chazy Gr. [Ety. from the thick basal

plates.]
Pal^aster, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2.

[Ety. palaios, ancient ; rnttr, a star.]
antiquatus, Locke, 1846, (Asterias anti-

quata) Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., vol.

3, Cin'ti Gr. [Sig. ancient.]
antiquus, Troost, 1835, (Asterias antiqua)

Trans. Geo. Soc. Penn., vol. 1, Hud.

Riv. Gr. [Sig. ancient.]
dyeri, Meek, 1872, Am. Jour. Sci., 3rd

series, vol. 3, Cin'ti Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
eucharis, Hall, 1868, 20th Reg. Rep.,

Ham. Gr. [Sig. very graceful.]
granulosus, Hall, 1868, 20th Reg. Rep.,

Cin'ti Gr. [Sig. granular.]
incomptus, Meek, 1872, Am. Jour. Sci.,

3rd ser., vol. 3, Cin'ti Gr. [Sig. un-
adorned.]
jamesi, Dana, 1863, (Palseasterina (?)

jamesi) Am. Jour, of Sci., 2d series,

vol. 35, Cin'ti Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
matutinus, Hall, 1847, (Asterias matu-

tina) Pal. N. Y., vol. 1, Trenton Gr.

[Sig. in the morning.]

ECHINODERMATA.

parviusculus, Billings, 1860, Can. Nat. &

Geo., vol. 5, Mid. SO. [Sig. very

small.]
niagarensis, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,

Niagara Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
pulchellus, see Stenaster pnlchellus.
shafferi, Hall, 1868, 20th Reg. Rep., Cin'ti

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
wilberianus, Meek & Worthen, 1861,

(Petraster wilberianus) Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci. Phil., Cin'ti Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
Pal.easterina, McCoy, 1851, Brit. Pal. Foss.,

but first defined by Salter, 1857, Ann.

Mag. Nat. Hist. [Ety. palaios, ancient ;

aster, a star; inus, resemblance.]
fimbriata, see Schsenaster fimbriatus.
jamesi, see Palseaster jamesi.
rigida, see Petraster rigidus.
rugosa, Billings, 1857, Rep. of Progr.,

Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. rugose.]
stellata, Billings, 1857, Rep. of Prog.,

Trenton Gr. [Sig. star-shaped.]
Pal^echinus, McCoy, 1844, Carb. Foss.,

Ireland. [Ety. palaios, ancient;

echinus, the sea urchin.]
burlingtonensis, Meek & Worthen, 1860,

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Burlington

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
gracilis, Meek & Worthen, 1869, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Burlington Gr.

[Sig. slender.]
Pal.eocoma, Salter, 1857, Ann. & Mag. Nat.

Hist., 2d series, vol. 17. [Ety. palaios,

ancient ; coma, hair.]
cylindrica, see Tseniaster cylindricus.
princeps, Hall, 1868,' (Ptilonaster prin-

ceps) 20th Reg. Rep. Chemung Gr.

[Sig. early, ancient.]
spinosa, see Tamiaster spinosus.
Pal^ockincs, Billings, 1859, Decade 4. [Ety.

palaios, ancient; krinon, a lily.]
angulatus, Billings, 1857, (Dendrocrinus

angulatus) Rep. of Progr., Trenton

Gr. [Sig. cornered, angular.]
pulchellus, Billings, 1859, Can. Org. Rem.,

Decade 4, Trenton Gr. [Sig. minutely

pretty.]
rhombiferous, Billings, 1859, Can. Org.

Rem., Decade 4, Trenton Gr. [Sig.

bearing rhombs.]
striatus, Billings, 1859, Can. Org. Rem.,

Decade 4., Chazy Gr. [Sig. striated.]
mlcatus, Safford, 1869, Geo. of Tenn. Not

defined.
Paljeocystites, Billings, 1858, Can. Org.

Rem., Decade 3. [Ety. palaios,

ancient; kustis, a bladder.]
chapmani, Billings, 1858, Can. Org. Rem.,

Decade 3, Chazy Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
davvsoni, Billings, 1858, Can. Org. Rem.,

Decade 3, Chazy Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
pulcher, Billings, 1859, Can. Nat. Geo.,

vol. 4, Chazy Gr. [Sig. beautiful.]

tenuiradiatus, Hall, 1847, (Actinocrinus

tenuiradiatus) Pal. N. Y., vol. 1, Chazy

Gr. [Sig. slender-rayed.]
Pentacrinites hamptoni, Emmons, 1842, Geo.

Rep. N. Y., Trenton Gr. This is

merely the plate of a crinoid column.
Pentagonites, proposed by Rafinesque for a

crinoid column.
Pentremites, Say, 1820, Am. Jour. Sci., vol.

2. [Ety. pente, five ; retnos, a board or

plate.]
angularis, Lyon, 1860, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., Low. Carb. [Sig. angular.]
bipyramidalis, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,

Keokuk Gr. [Sig. doubly-pyramidal.]
burlingtonensis, Meek & Worthen, 1869,

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Burlington

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
calyce, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep. N. Y.,

Ham. Gr. [Sig. a cup.]
calycinus, Lyon, 1860, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., KaskaskiaGr. [Sig. a small

cup.]
cervinus, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,

Kaskaskia Gr. [Sig. deer-like.]
cherokeus, Troost, 1850, Catal. Proc. Am.

Assoc. Ad. Sci., Kaskaskia Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
conoideus, Hall, 1856, Trans. Alb. Inst.,

vol. 4, Warsaw Gr. [Sig. shaped like

a cone.]
cornutus, see Granatocrinus cornutus.
curtus., see Granatocrinus curtus.
decussatus, Shumard, 1858, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., Low. Carb. [Sig.

cross marked — arranged in pairs that

alternately cross each other.]
elegans, Lyon, 1860, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., Kaskaskia Gr. [Sig. ele-
gant.]
elongatus, Shumard, 1855, Geo. Rep. Mo.,

Encrinital limestone. [Sig. length-
ened.]
florealis, Schlotheim, 18 20, syn. for P.

godoni.
globosus, Say, as identified by Troos^ 1850,

probably Pentremites sulcatus.
godoni, DeFrance, 1818, Diet. Sci. Nat.,

Kaskaskia Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
granulatus, see Granatocrinus granulatus.
grosvenori, Shumard, 1858, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., Warsaw Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
koninckianus, Hall, 1856,Trans. Alb. Inst.,

vol. 4, Warsaw Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
laterniformis, Owen & Shumard, 1850,

Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., 2d series, vol. 2,

Chester Gr. [Sig. lantern-formed.]
leda, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep. N. Y,

Ham. Gr. [Ety. mythological name.]
lineatus, Shumard, 185*8, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., Burlington Gr. [Sig.

marked with lines.]
longicostalis, Hall, 1860, Supp. to Geo.

Iowa, Warsaw Gr. [Sig. long-ribbed.]
lycorias, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep. N. Y.,

Ham. Gr. [Ety. mythological name.]

ECHINODERMATA.

maia, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep. N. Y.,

Ham. Gr. [Ety. mythological name.]
melo, see Granatocrinus melo.
missouriensis, Swallow, 1863, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., Low. Carb. [Ety.

proper name.]
norwoodi, see Granatocrinus norwoodi.
obesus, Lyon, 1857, Geo. Sur. Ky., vol. 3,

Kaskaskia Gr. [Sig. fat, plump in

form.]
obliquaius, syn. for P. laterniformis.
oralis, Owen. Not defined,
pyriformis, Say, 1825, Jour. Acad. Nat.

Sci. Phil., vol. 4, Kaskaskia Gr. [Sig.

from the pyriform body.]
. reinwardti, Troost, 1835, Trans. Geo. Soc.

Penn., vol. 1, Niagara Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
robustus, Lyon, 1860, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., Low. Carb. [Sig. robust.]
roemeri, see Granatocrinus roemeri.
sayi, see Granatocrinus sayi.
sirius, White, 1862, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat.

Hist., vol. 9, Burlington Gr. [Ety.

sirius, the dog star.]
stelliformn, see Codonites stelliformis.
subconoideus, Meek, 1872, Hayden's Geo.

Rep. Low. Carb. [Sig. somewhat

cone-like.]
subcylindricus, Hall & AVhitfield, 1875,

Ohio Pal., vol. 2, Niagara Gr. [Sig.

somewhat cylindrical.]
subtruncatus, Hall, 1858, Geo. of Iowa,

Ham. Gr. [Sig. somewhat truncated.]
sulcatus, Roemer, 1852, Monog. Blastoid.,

Kaskaskia Gr. [Sig. furrowed.]
symmetricus, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,

Kaskaskia Gr. [Sig. symmetrical.]
tennesseese, Troost. Not defined,
troosti, Shumard, 1866, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci , Kaskaskia Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
truncatus, Conrad, 1843, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci. Phil., Warsaw Gr. [Sig. trun-
cated.]
-v^rsouviensis, Worthen, 1875, Geo. Sur.

111., vol. 6, St. Louis Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
verneuili, see Nucleocrinus verneuili.
whitii, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep. N. Y.,

Ham. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
woodmani, Meek & Worthen, 1868, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Keokuk Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
wortheni, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,

Keokuk Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Petraster, Billings, 1858, Can. Org. Rem.,

Decade 3. [Ety. petros, a stone; aster,

a star.] Prof. Hall regards this genus

as a synonym for Palseaster.
bellulus, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Niagara Gr. [Sig. pretty.]
rigidus, Billings, 1857, (Palaeasterina rigi-

dus) Rep. of Progr., Trenton Gr. [Sig.

rigid.]
wilberianus, see Palseaster wilberianus.
Philocrinus, Koninck, 1863. [Ety. philos,

favorite ; krinon, a lily.]

pelvis, Meek & Worthen, 1865, Am. Jour.

Sci., 2nd series, vol. 39. Syn. for

Erisocrinus typus.
Pholidocidaris, Meek & Worthen, 1869,

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. [Ety.

pholidos, a scale ; kideris, a turban.]
irregularis, Meek & Worthen, 1869, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Keokuk Gr.

[Sig. irregular.]
Physetocrinus, Meek & Worthen, 1869,

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. [Ety.

j)hysetos, blown up, inflated ; krinon, a

liiy-J

asper, Meek & Worthen, 1869, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Burlington Gr.
[Sig. rough.]

dilatatus, Meek & Worthen, 1869, (Stro-
tocrinus dilatatus) Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phil., Burlington Gr. [Sig. spread
out.]

subventricosus, McChesney, 1860, (Acti-
nocrinus subventricosus) Desc. New
Pal. Foss., Burlington Gr. [Sig. some-
what ventricose.]
Platycrinus, Miller, 1821, Nat. Hist., Cri-
noidea. [Ety. platys, flat; krinon, a

lily-]

eequalis, Hall, 1861, Desc. New Crin.,
Burlington Gr. [Sig. equal.]

americanus, Owen & Shumard, 1852, Jour.
Acad. Nat. Sci., 2d ser., vol. 2, Bur-
lington Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

anndixoni, Troost. Not defined.

asper, Meek & Worthen, 1861, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Burlington Gr.
[Sig. rough.]

bedfordensis, Hall & Whitfield, 1875, Ohio
Pal., vol. 2,»Erie shales. [Ety. proper
name.]

brevinodus, Hall, 1861, Desc. New Cri-
noidea, Keokuk Gr. [Sig. short-
knotted.]

burlingtonensis, Owen & Shumard, 1850,
Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., 2d ser., vol. 2,
Burlington Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

calyculus, Hall, 1861, Desc. New Crinoi-
"dea, Burlington Gr. [Sig. a little cup.]

canaliculars, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,
Burlington Gr. [Sig. channeled,
grooved.]

cavus, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa, vol. 1,
pt. 2, Burlington Gr. [Sig. hollow,
concave.]

clytis, Hall, 1861, Desc. New Crinoidea,
" Burlington Gr. [Sig. remarkable.]

contritus, Hall, 1863, Crin. Wav. Sands.
Ohio, Waverly Gr. [Sig. worn out.]

corrugatus, Owen & Shumard, 1850, Jour.
Acad. Nat. Sci. 2d ser., vol. 2, Burling-
ton Gr. [Sig. corrugated, wrinkled.]

depressus, Owen. Not defined.

discoideus, Owen & Shumard, 1850, Jour.
Acad. Nat. Sci., 2d series, vol. 2, Bur-
lington Gr. [Sig. quoit-shaped, disc-
like.]

eboraceus, Hall, 18 2. 15th Reg. Rep. N.
Y., Ham. Gr. [Ety. eboracum, Latin
name for York.]

ECHINODERMATA.

87

elegans, Hall, 1861, Desc. New Crinoiclea,

Burlington, Gr. [Sig. elegant.]
eminulus, Hall, 1861, Desc. New Crinoi-

dea, Burlington Gr. [Sig. projecting

a little.]
eriensis, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep. N.

Y., Ham. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
excavatus, Hall, 1861, Desc. New Crinoi-

dea, Burlington Gr. [Sig. hollowed

out.]
exsertus, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,

Burlington Gr. [Sig. projecting, thrust

forth.]
georgii, Hall, 1860, Supp. to Iowa Geo.

Rep., Warsaw, Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
glyptus, Hall, 1861, Desc. New Crinoidea,

Burlington, Gr. [Sig. sculptured.]
graphicus, Hall, 1863, Crin. Wav. Sands

Ohio, Waverly Gr. [Sig. written on.]
halli, Shumard, 18(56, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., vol. 2, Burlington Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
haydeni, Meek, 1872, Hayden's Geo. Rep.,

Low. Carb. [Ety. proper name.]
hemisphericus, Meek & AVorthen, 1865,

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phil., Keokuk

Gr. [Sig. hemispherical.]
huntsvillse, Troost. Not defined,
incomptus, White, 1863, Jour. Bost. Soc.

Nat. Hist., vol. 7, Burlington Gr. [Sig.

unadorned.]
inornatm, syn. for P. burlingtonensis.
insculptus, Troost. Not defined,
leai, Lyon, 1860, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc,

Low. Held. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
lodensis, Hall & Whitfield, 1875, Ohio

Pal., vol. 2, Waverly Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
montanaensis, Meek, 1871, Hayden's Geo.

Rep. Low. Carb. [Ety. proper name.]
multibrachiatus, Meek & Worthen, 1861,

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Warsaw

Gr. [Sig. many-armed.]
niotensis, Meek & Worthen, 1865, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Keokuk Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
nodobrachiatus, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep.

Iowa, Burlington Gr. [Sig. having

knotty arms.]
nodulosus, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,

Burlington Gr. [Sig. covered with

small knots.]
nucleiformis, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep.

Iowa, Burlington Gr. [Sig. in the

shape of a kernel.]
olla, Hall, 1861, Desc. New Crinoidea,

but the name was preoccupied and

Shumard proposed for the species, P.

halli.
ornogranulus, McChesney, Syn. for P.

americanus.
oweni, Meek & Worthen, 1861, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci., Phil., Burlington Gr.
[Ety. proper name.]
papillatus, Hall, 1861, Desc. New Crinoi-
dea, Burlington Gr. [Sig. shaped like

a bud.]

parvinodus, Hall, 1861, Desc. New Crin-
oidea, Burlington Gr. [Sig. having

small knots.]
parvulus, Meek & Worthen, 1865, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil.; Chester Gr.

[Sig. very small.]
parvus, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. small.]
penicillus, Meek & Worthen, 1860, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., St. Louis Gr.

[Sig. a small brush.]
perasper, Meek & Worthen, 1865, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Burlington Gr.

[Sig. very rough.]
pileiformis, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,

vol. 1, pt. 2, Burlington Gr. [Sig. like

a small cap.]
planus, Owen & Shumard, 1850, Jour.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., 2d ser., vol. 2,

Burlington Gr. [Sig. plain, level.]
plenus, Meek & Worthen, 1860, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci., Phil., St. Louis Gr.

[Sig. full, large.]
pleurovimineus, White, 1862, Proc. Bost.

Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 9, Burlington Gr.

[Ety. pleuron, the side; vimineus, made

of wicker work.]
plumosus, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. feathery.]
pocilliformis, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,

vol. 1, pt. 2, Burlington Gr. [Sig. like

a little cup.]
polydactylm, Troost. Not defined,
prpematurus, Hall & Whitfield, 1875, Ohio

Pal., vol. 2, Niagara Gr. [Sig. prema-
ture.]
prattenianus, Meek & Worthen, Sept. 1860,

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phil., St. Louis

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
pumilis, Hall, 1860, Supp. to Geo. Iowa,

Warsaw Gr. [Sig. a dwarf.]
quinquenodus, AVhite, 1862, Proc. Bost.

Soc. Nat. Hist, vol. 9, Burlington Gr.

[Sig. five-noded.]
ramulosus, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. full of branches.]
regalis, Hall, 1861, Desc. New Crinoidea,

Burlington Gr. [Sig. royal, splendid.]
richfieldensis, Hall & Whitfield, 1875,

Ohio Pal., vol. 2, Waverly Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
saffordi, Troost, 1850, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep.

Iowa, Keokuk Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
sarfe, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa, St,

Louis Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
scobina, Meek & Worthen, 1861, Proc.

Acad. Nat, Sci., Phil., Burlington Gr.

[Sig. a rasp.]
sculptus, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,

Burlington Gr. [Sig. engraved.]
shumardianus, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep.

Iowa, vol. 1, pt. 2, Burlington Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
striobrachiatus, Hall, 1861, Desc. New

Crinoidea, Burlington Gr. [Sig. hav-
ing striated arms.]

ECHINODERMATA.

subspinosus, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,
Burlington Gr. [Sig. somewhat spiny.]

subspinulosus, Hall, 1860, Supp. to Geo.
Iowa, Burlington Gr. [Sig. somewhat
full of little spines.]

tennesseensis, Roemer, 1860, 80. Fauna
West Tenn., Niagara Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]

tentaculatus, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol.
3, Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. having
feelers.]

tenuibrachiatus, Meek & Worthen, 1869
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sei. Phil., Burling-
ton Gr. [Sig. slender-armed.]

truncatulus, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,
Burlington Gr. [Sig. somewhat trun
cated.]

truncatus, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa
Burlington Gr. [Sig. truncated, cut
short.]

tuberosus, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,
Burlington Gr. [Sig. covered with
protuberances. ]

verrucosus, White, 1863, Jour. Bost. Soc.
Nat. Hist., vol. 7, Burlington Gr.
[Sig. covered with wart-like projec-
tions.]
wortheni, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa, vol.

1, pt. 2, Burlington Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]

yandelli, Owen & Shumard, 1850, Jour.
Acad. Nat. Sci., 2d ser., vol. 2, Bur-
lington Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Pleurocystites, Billings, 1854, Can. Jour.,
vol. 2. [Ety. pleuron, the side ; kustis,
a bladder.]

anticostiensis, Billings, 1857, Rep. of
Progr. Hud. Riv. Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]

elegans, Billings, 1857, Rep. of Progr.,
Trenton Gr. [Sig. elegant.]

exornatus, Billings, 1857, Rep. of Progr.,
Trenton Gr. [Sig. adorned.]

filitextus, Biljings, 1854, Can. Jour., vol.

2, Trenton Gr. [Sig. woven like
thread.]

robustus, Billings, 1854, Can. Jour., vol.

2, Trenton Gr. [Sig. robust.]
squamosus, Billings, 1854, Can. Jour.,

vol. 2, Trenton Gr. [Sig. scaly.]
Pokocrinus, Billings, 1857, Rep. of Progr.

[Ety. from the poriferous areas sim-
ilar to the pectinated rhombs of the

cystidea.]
conicus, Billings, 1857, Rep. of Progr.,

Trenton Gr. [Sig. conical.]
crassus, Meek & Worthen, 1868, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 3, Cin'ti Gr. [Sig. thick.]
pentagonus, Meek & Worthen, 1865, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci., Phil., Cin'ti Gr. [Sig.

five-cornered.]
Poteriocrinus, Miller, 1821, Nat. Hist. Cri-

noidea. [Ety. poterion, a goblet ;

krinon, a lily.]
aequalis, Hall, 1860, Supp. to Geo. Iowa,

Burlington Gr. [Sig. equal.]
alternatus, see Homocrinus alternatus.

barrisi, Hall, 1861, Desc. New Crinoidea,

Burlington Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
bayensis, see Scaphiocrinus bayensis.
bisselli, Worthen, 1873, Geo. Sur. 111.,

vol. 5, Chester Gr. [Ety. proper

name. ]
bursiformis, White, 1862, Proc. Bost. Soc.

Nat. Hist., vol. 9, Burlington Gr.

[Sig. purse-shaped.]
caducms, see Dendrocnnus caduceus.
calyculus, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,

Burlington Gr. [Sig. a little cup.]
carbonarius, see Scaphiocrinus carbona-

rius.
carinatus, Meek & Worthen, 1861, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Burlington Gr.

[Sig. keeled.]
concinnus, Meek & Worthen, 1870, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Keokuk Gr.

[Sig. handsome.]
coreyi, AVorthen, 1875, Geo. Sur. 111., vol.

6, Keokuk Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
corycia, Hall, 1863, Crin. Wav. Sands.

Ohio, Waverly Gr. [Ety. mythologi-
cal name.]
crineus, Hall, 1863, Crin. Wav. Sands.

Ohio, Waverly Gr. [Sig. hairy.]
cultidactylus, Hall, 1860, Supp. to Geo.

Iowa, Burlington Gr. [Sig. elegantly

fingered.]
cylindricus, Lyon, 1860, Trans. Am. Phil.

Soc, vol. 13, Devonian. [Sig. cylin-
drical.]
decadactyhw, see Scaphiocrinus decadac-

tylus.
diffusus, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep. N. Y.,

Ham. Gr. [Sig. spread-out.]
dilatatus, see Coeliocrinus dilatatus.
divaricatus, Hall, 1860, Supp. to Geo.

Iowa, Warsaw Gr. [Sig. spread-out.]
enormis, see Cyathocrinus enormia.
florcalis, see Zeacrinus florealis.
fusiformis, Hall, 1861, Desc. New Crinoi-
dea, Burlington Gr. [Sig. spindle-
shaped.]
gracilis, see Homocrinus gracilis,
hardinensis, Worthen, 1873, Geo. Sur.

111., vol. 5, St. Louis Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
hemisphericus, Shumard, 1858, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., Coal Meas. [Sig.

hemispherical.]
hoveyi, Worthen, 1875, Geo. Sur. 111.,

vol. 6, Keokuk Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
indentus, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep. N.

Y., Ham. Gr. [Sig. indented.]
indianensis, Meek & Worthen, 1865,

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Keokuk

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
keokuk, Hall. 1860, Supp. to Geo. Rep.

Iowa, Keokuk Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
lasallensis, AVorthen, 1875, Geo. Sur. 111.,

vol. 6, Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
lepidus, Hall, 1861, Desc. New Crinoidea,

Burlington Gr. [Sig. elegant.]

ECHINODERMATA.

longidactylus, Shumard, 1855. This name

was preoccupied, and the species is

now named P. missouriensis.
macoupinensis, Worthen, 1873, Geo. Sur.

111., vol. 5, Up. Coal Meas. [Ety.

proper name.]
manifbrmis, see Zeacrinus maniformis.
meekianus, Shumard, 1855, Geo. Rep.

Mo., Encrinital limestone. [Ety.

proper name.]
missouriensis, Shumard, 185 7, Trans.

St. Louis Acad. Sci., St. Louis Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
montanaensis, Meek, 1872, Hayden's

Geo. Rep., Low. Carb. [Ety. proper

name.]
municipalis, Troost. Not defined,
nassa, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep. N. Y.,

Ham. Gr. [Sig. a wicker basket with

a narrow neck.]
nereus, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep. N. Y.,

Ham. Gr. [Ety. mythological name.]
norwoodi, Meek & Worthen, 1865, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Kaskaskia Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
nvcteus, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep. N. Y.,

Ham. Gr. [Ety. mythological name.]
obuncus, White, 1862, Proc. Bost. Soc.

Nat. Hist., vol. 9, Burlington Gr.

[Sig. bent in, hooked.]
occhdentalis, see Agassizocrinus occiden-

talis.
perplexus, Meek & Worthen, 1869, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci., Phil., Burlington Gr.

[Sig. intricate.]
pisiformis, Roemer, 1860, Sil. Fauna

West Tenn., Niagara Gr. [Sig. pea-
shaped.]
pleias, Hall, 1863, Crin.Wav. Sands. Ohio;

Waverly Gr. [Ety. Pleias, one of the

seven stars, a Pleiad.]
posticus, Hall, 1866, Pamphlet, Cin'ti Gr.

[Sig. posterior, the back part.]
proboscidialis, Worthen, 1875, Geo. Sur.

111., vol. 6, St. Louis Gr. [Sig. having

a proboscis.]
rhombiferus, Owen & Shumard, 1852,

Geo. Sur. Wis., Iowa & Minn., Bur-
lington Gr. [Sig. bearing rhombs.]
rugosus, Shumard, 1858, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., Coal Meas. [Sig. wrinkled.]
salignoides, White, 1862, Proc. Bost, Soc.

Nat. Hist., vol. 9, Burlington Gr. [Sig.

like willow-work.]
simplex, Lyon, 1860, Trans. Am. Phil.

Soc. vol. 13, Devonian. [Sig. simple.]
solidus, Meek & Worthen, 1861, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci., Phil., Burlington Gr.

[Sig. solid, compact.]
spinosus, see Zeacrinus spinosus.
subimpressus, Meek & Worthen, 1861,

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phil., Burling-
ton Gr. [Sig. slightly indented.]
subtumidus, Meek & Worthen, 1865,

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phil., Kaskaskia

Gr. [Sig." somewhat swollen or tumid.]

swallovi, Meek & Worthen, 1860, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci., Phil., Burlington Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
tenuibrachiatus, Meek & Worthen, 1861,

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phil., Burling-
ton Gr. [Sig. slender-armed.]
ienuidactylus, see Scaphiocrinus tenuidac-

tylus.
tumidus, see Agassizocrinus tumidus.
vanhornei, Worthen, 1875, Geo. Sur. 111.,

vol. 6, St. Louis Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
ventricosus, see Cceliocrinus ventricosus.
verticillus, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep. N.

Y., Ham. Gr. [Sig. whorled, verti-

cillate.]
wachsmuthi, see Scaphiocrinus wachs-

muthi.
Protaster, Forbes, 1849, Mem. Geo. Sur.

Great Britain, Decade 1. [Ety. protos,

first; aster, star.]
barrisi, see Onychaster barrisi.
forbesi, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Low. Held. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
granuliferus, Meek, 1872, Am. Jour. Sci.,

3rd ser., vol. 3, Cin'ti Gr. [Sig. bear-
ing granules.]
gregarius, Meek & Worthen, 1869, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Keokuk Gr.

[Sig. found in flocks.]
Pterotocrinus, Lyon & Casseday, 1860, Am.

Jour. Sci., vol. 29. [Ety. pterotos,

feathered ; krinon, a lily.]
capitalis, Lyon, 1857, (Astrocrinus capi-

talis) Geo. Sur. Ky., vol. 3, Chester

Gr. [Sig. relating to the head.]
chesterensis, Meek & Worthen, I860, (Ac-

tinocrinus chesterensis) Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci. Phil., Chester Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
cornigerus, Shumard, 1857, (Dichocrinus

cornigerus) Trans. St. Louis, Acad. Sci.

Kaskaskia Gr. [Sig. horned.]
coronarius, Lyon, 1857, (Asterocrinus cor-

onarius) Geo. Sur. Ky., vol. 3, Chester

Gr. [Sig. wreathed, crowned.]
crassus, Meek & Worthen, 1860, (Dicho-
crinus crassus) Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.

Phil., Chester Gr. [Sig. thick.]
depressus, Lyon & Casseday, 1860, Am.

Jour. Sci., vol. 29, Chester Gr. [Sig.

depressed.]
pyramidalis, Lyon & Casseday, 1860, Am.

Jour. Sci., vol. 29, Kaskaskia Gr. [Sig.

pointed like a pyramid.]
rugosus, Lyon & Casseday, 1860, Am.

Jour. Sci., vol. 29, Kaskaskia Gr. [Sig.

wrinkled.]
sexlobatus, Shumard, 1857, (Dichocrinus

sexlobatus) Trans. St. Louis Acad.

Sci., Kaskaskia, Gr. [Sig. six-lobed.]
Ptilonaster, Hall, 1868, syn. for Palseocoma.

princeps, see Palseocoma princeps.
Pygorhynchus, Agassiz, 1839. [Ety. pygos,

solid ; rhynchos, beak.]
gouldi, Bonve, 1846, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat.

Hist., Kaskaskia (?) Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]

90

ECHINODERMATA.

Retiocrinus, Billings, 1858, Can. Org. Rem.

Decade 4. [Ety. retium, net ; krinon,

a lily.]
fimbriatus, Billings, 1859, Can. Org. Rem.

Decade 4, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. fringed.]
stellaris, Billings, 1859, Can. Org. Rem.

Decade 4, Trenton Gr. [Sig. rayed

like a star.]
Rhodocrinus, Miller, 1821, Nat. Hist. Crin-

oidea. [Ety. rhodon, a rose ; krinon, a

lily-]

asperatus, Billings, 1859, Can. Org. Rem.

Decade 4, Chazy Gr. [Sig. made

rough, uneven.]
barrisi, Hall, 1861, Desc. New Crinoidea,

Burlington Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
barrisi var. divergens, Hall, 1861, Desc.

New Crinoidea, Burlington Gr. [Sig.

divergent, separating.]
gracilis, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep. N. Y.,

Ham. Gr. [Sig. slender.]
halli, Lyon, 1861, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.,

Phil., Low. Held. Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
melissa, Hall, 1863, Trans. Alb. Inst., vol.

4, Niagara Gr. [Ety. mythological

name.]
microbasalis, see Thysanocrinus microba-

salis.
nanus, Meek & Worthen, 1866, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci., Phil., Burlington Gr.

[Sig. dwarfish.]
nodulosus. Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep. N.

Y., Ham. Gr. [Sig. covered with

small knots.]
pyriformis, see Thysanocrinus pyriformis.
rectus, Hall, 1867, 20th Reg. Rep., Niag-
ara Gr. [Sig. straight.]
spinosus, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep. N.

Y., Ham. Gr. [Sig. covered with

many spines.]

varsoviensis, Hall, 1860, Supp. Geo. Rep.
Iowa,
name.]

Iowa, Warsaw Gr. [

p. <j<

Ety.

proper

wachsmuthi, Hall, 1861, Desc. New Crin-
oidea, Burlington Gr. [Sig. proper
name.]

whitii, Hall, 1861, Desc. New Crinoidea,
Burlington Gr: [Ety. proper name.]

whitii var. burlingtonensis, Hall, 1861,
Desc. New Crinoidea, Burlington Gr.
[Ety. proper name.]

wortheni, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,

Burlington Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

Saccocrinus, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2.

[Ety. sakkos, a bag or sack ; krinon, a

my-]

christyi, Hall, 1863, (Actinocrinus chris-
tyi) Trans. Alb. Inst., vol. 4, Niagara
Gr. This species was called by Win-
chell & Marcy, 1865, Megistocrinus
marcouanus, and again by Hall, in
1865, Saccocrinus whitfieldi.

ornatus, Hall & Whitfield, 1875, Ohio Pal.,
vol. 2, Niagara Gr. [Sig. adorned.]

semiradiatus, Hall, 1867, 20th Reg. Rep.,
Niagara Gr. [Sig. half-rayed.]

speciosus, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,
Niagara Gr. [Sig. beautiful.]

tennesseensis, Troost, Ms., Hall & Whit-
field, 1875, Ohio Pal., vol. 2, Niagara
Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

whitfieldi, Hall, 1867, (Actinocrin.us chris-
tyi, 1863) 20th Reg. Rep., Niagara Gr.
This name must be regarded as a syn-
onym for Saccocrinus christyi as well
as Megistocrinus marcouanus, unless
the fossil should be referred to the
genus Actinocrinus, in which case, the
specific name christyi being preoccu-
pied, marcouanus would have the
preference.
Scaphiocrinus, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa.
[Ety. scaphion, a skiff; krinon, a lily.]

abnormis, Worthen, 1875, Geo. Sur. 111.,
vol. 6, St. Louis Gr. [Sig. abnormal.]

aegina, Hall, 1863, Desc. New Crin. Wav-
erly sandstone, Waverly Gr. [Ety.
mythological name.]

sequalis, Hall, 1861, Desc. New Crin.,
Keokuk Gr. [Sig. equal.]

bayensis, Meek & Worthen, 1865, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Chester Gr.
[Ety. proper name.]

carbonarius, Meek & Worthen, 18 61,
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Up. Coal
Meas. [Sig. from the coal measures.]

carinatus. Hall, 1861, Desc. New Crin.,
Burlington Gr. [Sig. keeled.]

clio, Meek & Worthen, 1869, Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci. Phil., Burlington Gr. [Ety.
mythological name.]

coreyi, Meek & Worthen, 1869, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Keokuk Gr.
[Ety. proper name.]

dactyliformis, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,
St. Louis Gr. [Sig. finger-shaped.]

decabrachiatus, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep.
Iowa, KaskaskiaGr. [Sig. ten-armed.]

decadactylus, Meek & Worthen, 1860,
(Poteriocrinus decadactylus) Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Keokuk Gr.
[Ety. ten-fingered.] P. decadactylus
was preoccupied.

delicatus, Meek & Worthen, 1869, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Burlington Gr.
[Sig. delicate.]

depressus, Meek & Worthen, 1870, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Keokuk Gr.
[Sig. depressed.]

dichotomus, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,
Burlington Gr. [Sig. dividing into
two.]

divaricatus, Hall, 1860, Supp. to Geol.
Iowa. Burlington Gr. [Sig. wide
apart.]

doris, Hall, 1861, Desc. New Crinoidea,
Burlington Gr. [Ety. mythological
name.]

fiscellus, Meek & Worthen, 1869, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Burlington Gr.
[Sig. a small basket of woven slender
twigs.]

halli, Hall, 1861, Desc. New Crinoidea,
Burlington Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

ECHINODERMATA.

91

huntsvillje, Worthen, 1873, Geo. Sur. 111.,
vol. 5, St. Louis Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]

internodius, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,
Kaskaskia Gr. [Sig. from the length
of the joints.]

juvenis, Meek & Worthen, 1869, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Burlington Gr.
[Sig. young.]

liriope, Hall, 1863, (spelled lyri'ope as
published,) Crin. Wav. Sands. Ohio,
Waverly Gr. [Ety. mythological
name.]

longidactylus, McChesney, 1860, New
Pal. Foss., Kaskaskia Gr. [Sig. long-
fingered.]

macadamsi, Wortlien,1873, Geo. Sur. 111.,
vol. 5, Keokuk Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]

macrodactylus, Meek & Worthen, 1869,
Proc. Acad. Nat Sci. Phil., Burling-
ton Gr. [Sig. long-fingered.]

nanus, Meek & "Worthen, 1869, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Burlington Gr.
[Sig. dwarfish.]

nodobrachiatus, Hall, 1861, Desc. New
Crinoidea, Warsaw Gr. [Sig. arms
nodose.]

notabilis, Meek & Worthen, 1869, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Burlington Gr.
[Sig. noteworthy, extraordinary.]

orbicularis, Hall, 1861, Desc. New Crin-
oidea, Keokuk Gr. [Sig. orb-shaped.]

penicillus, Meek & Worthen, 1869, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Burlington Gr.
[Sig. a little brush.]

ramulosus, Hall, 1861, Desc. New Crinoi-
dea, Burlington Gr. [Sig. full of little
branches.]

randolphensis, Worthen, 1873, Geo. Sur.
111., vol. 5, Chester Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]

robustus, Hall, 1861, Desc. New Crinoi-
dea, Keokuk Gr. [Sig. robust.]

rudis, Meek & Worthen, 1869, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Burlington Gr.
[Sig. rude, rough, coarse.]

rusticellus, White, 1863, Proc. Bost. Soc.
Nat. Hist., vol.7, Burlington Gr. [Sig.
a little rough, rustic]

scalaris, Meek & Worthen, 1869, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Burlington Gr.
[Sig. resembling a ladder.]

scoparius, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,
Kaskaskia Gr. [Sig. a sweeper.]

simplex, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa, Bur-
lington Gr. [Sig. simple.]

spinobrachiatus, Hall, 1861, Desc. New
Crinoidea, Burlington Gr. [Sig.
spiny-armed.]

striatus, Meek & Worthen, 1869, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Burlington Gr.
[Sig. striated.]

subcarinatus, Hall, 1863, Crin. Wav.
Sands. Ohio, Waverly Gr. [Sig. some-
what keeled.]

subtortuosus, Hall, 1863, Crin. Wav.

Sands., Waverly Gr. [Sig. somewhat

twisted.]
tenuidactylus, Meek & AVorthen, 1865,

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Burlington

Gr. [Sig. slender-fingered.]
tethys, Meek & AVorthen, 1869, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Burlington Gr.

[Ety. mythological name.]
tortuosus, Hall, 1861, Desc. New Crin-
oidea, Burlington Gr. [Sig. twisted.]
unicus, Hall, 1861, Desc. New Crinoidea,

Keokuk Gr. [Sig. unique.]
wachsmuthi, Meek & Worthen, 1861,

(Poteriocrinus wachsmuthi) Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Burlington Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
whitii, Hall, 1861, Desc. New Crinoidea,

Burlington Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Schizocrinus, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1.

[Ety. schiza, a cleft, in allusion to the

cleft or double interscapular plates;

krinon, a lily.]
nodosus, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,

Trenton Gr. [Sig. knobbed.]
striatus, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y, vol. 1,

Trenton Gr. [Sig. striated.]
Sch^enaster, Meek & AVorthen, 1866, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 2. [Ety. schoinos, a rope ;

aster, a star.]
fimbriatus, Meek & AVorthen, 1860, (Pal-

seasterina fimbriatus, )Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci. Phil., St. Louis Gr. [Sig. fringed.]
wachsmuthi, Meek & Worthen, 1866,

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Barling-
ton Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Scyphocrinus, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1.

[Ety. scyplws, a little cup; krinon, a

lily-]
heterocostalis, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y,

vol. 1, Trenton Gr. [Ety. heteros, ir-

regalar; costalis, ribbed.]
SpJuvrocrinus, Meek & Worthen, 1866. The

name was preoccupied by Roemer,

and the authors substituted Coelocrinus

for it.
Sph.erocystites, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol.

3. [Ety. sphaira, a sphere from the

spheroidal form of the body ; kustis, a

bladder.]
multifasciatus, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y,

vol. 3, Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. many

banded.]
Steganocrinus, Meek & Worthen, 1866,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 2. [Ety. steganos,

covered ; krinon, a lily.]
araneolus, Meek & AVorthen, 1860, (Acti-

nocrinus araneolus) Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci. Phil., Burlington Gr. [Sig. a

small spider.]
pentagonus, Hall, 1858, (Actinocrinus

pentagonus) Geo. Sur. Iowa, vol. 1, pt.

2, Burlington Gr. [Sig. pentagonal.]
Stenaster, Billings, 1858, Can. Org. Rem.,

Decade 3. [Ety. stenos, narrow, in al-
lusion to the contracted body ; aster, a

star.]

92

ECHINODERMATA.

grandis, Meek, 1872, Am. Jour. Sci., 3rd
series, vol. 3, Cin'ti Gr. [Sig. great.]

huxleyi, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,
Quebec Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

pulchellus, Billings/1857, (Palseaster pul-
chella) Eep. of Progr. Trenton Gr.
[Sig. minutely beautiful.]

salteri, Billings, 1858, Can. Org. Rem.,
Decade 3, Trenton Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]
Stephanocrinus, Conrad, 1842, Jour. Acad.
Nat. Sci., vol. 8. [Ety. Stephanos, a cor-
onet; krinon, a lily.]

angulatus, Conrad, 1842, Jour. Acad. Nat.
Sci., vol. 8, Niagara Gr. [Sig. angular.]

gemmiformis, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol.
2, Niagara Gr. [Sig. bud-shaped.]
Strobilocystites, White, 1876, Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci.. [Ety. strobiios, a pine cone ;
kustis, a bladder.]

calvini, White, 1876, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
Devonian. [Ety. proper name.]
Strotocrinus, Meek & Worthen, 1866, Geo.
Sur. 111., vol. 2. [Ety. strotos, spread;
krinon, a lily.]

segilops, Hall, 1860, ( Actinocrinus segilops)
Supp. to Geo. Sur. Iowa, Burlington
Gr. [Sig. a sweet acorn.]

asperrimus, Meek & Worthen, 1869, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Burlington Gr.
[Sig. extremely rough.]

dUatatus, see Physetocrinus dilatatus.

ectvpus, Meek & Worthen, 1869, Proc.
'Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Burlington Gr.
[Sig. engraved in relief, embossed.]

glyptus, Hall, 1860, (Actinocrinus glyp-
tus) Supp. to Geo. Sur. Iowa, Bur-
lington Gr. [Sig. sculptured.]

insculptus, Hall, 1861, (Actinocrinus in-
sculptus) Desc. New Crinoidea, Bur-
lington Gr. [Sig. engraved.]

liratus, Hall, 1860, (Actinocrinus liratus)
Supp. Iowa Geo. Rep., vol. 1, pt.
2, Burlington Gr. [Sig. furrowed,
ridged.]

perumbrosus, Hall, 1860, (Actinocrinus
perumbrosus) Supp. to vol. 1, pt. 2,
Iowa Geo. Rep., Burlington Gr. [Sig.
very shady.]

regalis, Hall, 1860, (Actinocrinus regalis)
Supp. to Geo. Rep. Iowa, Burlington
Gr. [Sig. regal, splendid.]

rudis, Hall, 1860, (Actinocrinus rudis)
Supp. to Geo. Sur. Iowa, Burlington
Gr. [Sig. rude.]

tenuiradiatus, Hall, 1861, (Actinocrinus
tenuiradiatus) Desc. New Crinoidea,
Burlington Gr. [Sig. slender-armed.]

tholus, Hall, 1860, (Actinocrinus tholus)
Supp. to Geo. Iowa, Burlington Gr
[Sig. a dome, a rotunda.]

umbrosus, Hall, 1858, (Actinocrinus um-
brosus) Geo. Rep. Iowa, vol. 1, pt. 2,
Burlington Gr. [Sig. shady, umbrella-
like.]
Synbathocrinus, Phillips, 1836, Geol. York-
shire. [Ety. syn, together; baden,
walking ; krinon, a lily.]

brevis, Meek & Worthen, 1869, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci. Phil., Burlington Gr. [Sig.

short.]
dentatus, Owen & Shumard, 1852, Geo.

Sur. Wis., Iowa & Minn., Burlington

Gr. [Sig. toothed.]
granulatm, Troost. Not defined,
matutinus, Hall, 1858, Geo. of Iowa,

Ham. Gr. [Sig. in the morning.]
oweni, Hall, 1860, 13th Reg. Rep. N. Y.,

Ham. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
papillatus, Hall, 1861, Desc. New Crin-
oidea, Burlington Gr. [Sig. bud-like.]
swallovi, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa, St.

Louis Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
tennesseex, Troost. Not defined,
tennesseensis, Roemer, 1860, Sil. Fauna

West Tenn., Niagara Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
robustus, Shumard, 1866, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., Warsaw Gr. [Sig. robust.]
wachsmuthi, Meek & Worthen, 1866, see

Catillocrinus wachsmuthi.
wachsmuthi, Meek & Worthen, 1869,

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Burling-
ton Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
wortheni, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,

Burlington Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Syringocrinus, Billings, 1859, Can. Org.

Rem., Decade 4. [Ety. syrinx, a pipe;

krinon, a lily.]
paradoxicus, Billings, 1859, Can. Org.

Rem., Decade 4, Trenton Gr. [Sig.

puzzling, questionable.]
T.ENi aster, Billings, 1858, Can. Org. Rem.,

Decade 3. [Ety. tainia, a ribbon ; aster,

a star.]
cylindricus, Billings, 1857, (Palseocrinus

cylindrica) Rep. of Progr., Trenton

Gr. [Sig. cylindrical.]
spinosus, Billings, 1857, (Palseocrinus

spinosa) Rep. of Progr., Trenton Gr.

[Sig. covered with many spines.]
Taxocrinus, Phillips, 1843, Morris Cat. Brit.

Foss. [Ety. taxus, the yew tree ;

krinon, a lily.]
gracilis, Meek & Worthen, 1865, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Ham. Gr. [Sig.

slender.]
interscapularis, Hall, 1858, Geo. of Iowa,

Ham. Gr. - [Sig. spaced between the

shoulder pieces.]
nuntius, Hall, 1862, (Forbesiocrinus nun-

tius) 15th Reg. Rep. N. Y., Ham. Gr.

[Sig. a messenger, an interpreter.]
semiovatus, Meek & Worthen, 18 60,

(Forbesiocrinus semiovatus) Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., St. Louis Gr.

[Sig. half-ovate.]
thiemii, Hall, 1861, (Forbesiocrinus thie-

mei) Desc. New Crinoidea, Burlington

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Technocrinus, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

proposed as a subgenus of Mariacrinus.

[Ety. techne, art ; krinon, a lily.]
andrewsi, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Oriskany sandstone. [Ety. proper

name.]

ECHINODERMATA.

sculptus, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,
Oriskany sandstone. [Sig. engraved,
sculptured.]

spinulosis, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,
Oriskany sandstone. [Sig. covered
with little spines.]

striatus, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,
Oriskany sandstone. [Sig. striated.]
Thysanockinus, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2.
[Ety. thysanos, fringed ; from the fim-
briated arms or fingers of the species ;
krinon, a lily.]

aculeatus, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,
, Niagara Gr. [Sig. armed with sharp
points.]

canaliculars, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y.,
vol. 2, Niagara Gr. [Sig. channeled,
grooved.]

immaturus, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,
Niagara Gr. [Sig. not mature, not
full grown.]

liliiformis, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,
Niagara Gr. [Sig. lily-shaped.]

microbasalis, Billings, 1857, (Rhodocrinus
microbasalis) Rep. of Progr., Trenton
Gr. [Sig. having a small base.]

pyriformis, Billings, 1857, (Rhodocrinus
pyriformis) Rep. of Progr., Trenton
Gr. [Sig. pear-shaped.] —
Trematocrinus, syn. for Goniasteroidocrinus.

fiscellus, see Goniasteroidocrinus fiscellus.

papillatus, see G. papillatus.

reticulatus, see G. reticulatus.

robustus, see G. robustus.

spinigei-us, see G. spinigerus.

tubercvlatm, see G. tuberculatus.

typus, see G. typus.
Vasocrinus, Lyon, 1857, Geo. Sur. Ky., vol.
3. [Ety. vas, a vessel ; krinon, a lily.]

sculptus, Lyon, 1857, Geo. Sur. Ky.,vol. 3,
Corniferous Gr. [Sig. sculptured.]

valens, Lyon, 1857, Geo. Sur. Ky., vol. 3,
Corniferous Gr. [Sig. strong, vigor-
ous.]
Zeackinus, Troost, Catal. Foss., 1850, and
described by Hall, 1858, Geo. Iowa.
[Ety. zea, indian corn; krinon, a lily.]

acanthophorus, Meek & Worthen, 1870,
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Coal Meas.
[Sig. spine-bearing.]

arboreus, Worthen, 1873, Geo. Sur. 111.,
vol. 5, St. Louis Gr. [Sig. tree-like.]

armiger, Meek & Worthen, 1870, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Chester Gr.
[Sig. armed.]

asper, Meek & Worthen, 1869, Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci. Phil., Burlington Gr. [Sig.
rough.]

bifurcatus, McChesney, 1860, New Pal.
Foss., Kaskaskia Gr. [Sig. bifur-
cated.]

cariniferus, Worthen, 1873, Geo. Sur.
111., vol. 5, St. Louis Gr. [Sig. keel-
bearing.]

compactilis, Worthen, 1873, Geo. Sur.
111., vol. 5, St. Louis Gr. [Sig. com-
pact, pressed together.]

crassus, Meek & Worthen, 1860, (Cyath-
ocrinus crassus) Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Phil., Low. Coal Meas. [Sig. thick.]

crateriformis, Troost. Not defined.

depressus, Troost, as defined by Hall,
1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa, Chester Gr.
[Sig. depressed.]

discus, Meek & Worthen, 1860, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Up. Coal Meas.
[Sig. a quoit.]

elegans, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa, Bur-
lington Gr. [Sig. elegant.]

florealis, Yandell & Shumard, 1847, (Cy-
athocrinus florealis) Cont. to Geol. Ky.
Kaskaskia Gr. [Sig. flower-like.]

formosus, Worthen, 1873, Geo. Sur. 111.,
vol. 5, Chester Gr. [Sig. beautiful.]

intermedius, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,
Kaskaskia Gr. [Sig. intermediate.]

lyra, Meek & Worthen, 1869, Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci. Phil., Burlington Gr. [Sig.
a lute, a stringed instrument.]

magnoliaformis, Owen & Norwood, 1846,
(Cyathocrinus magnoliaformis) Re-
search Pot. Carb. Rocks Ky., Kaskas-
kia Gr. [Sig. magnolia-like.]

maniformis, Yandell & Shumard, 1847,
(Poteriocrinus maniformis) Contribu-
tions to the Geo. of Ky., Kaskaskia
Gr. [Sig. like a hand.]

merope, Hall, 1863, Extract from 17th
Reg. Rep. N. Y, Waverly Gr. [Ety.
mythological name.]

mucrospinus, McChesney, 1859, New
Pal. Foss., Coal Meas. [Sig. sharp-
spined.]

ovalis, Lyon & Casseday, 1859, Am. Jour.
Sci., vol. 28, Kaskaskia Gr. [Sig. egg-
shaped.]

paternus, Hall, 1863, Crin.'Wav. Sands.
Ohio, Waverly Gr. [Sig. paternal.]

perangulatus, White, 1862, Proc. Bost.
Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 9, Burlington Gr.
[Sig. very angular.]

planobrachiatus, Meek & Worthen, 1860,
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Keokuk
Gr. [Sig. smooth-armed.]

ramosus, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,
Burlington Gr. [Sig. branching.]

sacculus, White, 1862, Proc. Bost. Soc.
Nat. Hist., vol.9, Burlington Gr. [Sig.
a little bag.]

sacculus var concinnus, White, 1862,
Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 9,
Burlington Gr. [Sig. beautiful.]

scobina, Meek & Worthen, 1869, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Burlington Gr.
[Sig. a rasp.]

scoparius, Hall, 1861, Desc. New Crinoi-
dea, Burlington Gr. [Sig. a sweeper.]

serratus, Meek & Worthen, 1861, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Burlington Gr.
[Sig. serrated.]

spinosus, Owen & Shumard, 1852, (Pote-
riocrinus spinosus,) Jour. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phil., Kaskaskia Gr. [Sig. spiny.]

94

ECHINODERMATA.

stimpsoni, Lyon, 1869, Trans. Am. Phil.
Soc, vol. 13, Low. Carb. [Ety. proper
name.]

subtumidus, Worthen, 1873, Geo. Sur.
111., vol. 5, Chester Gr. [Sig. some-
what tumid or swollen.]

troostianus, Meek & Worthen, 1860, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Burlington Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
wortheni, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,

Kaskaskia, Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

Belemnocrinus florifer, Wachsmuth & Springer, 1877, Am. Jour. Sci. & Arts, 3rd series,
vol. 13, Burlington Gr. [Sig. flower-bearing — the appearance is that of a bouquet
of flowers in a conical vase.]
pourtalesi, Wachsmuth & Springer, 1877, Am. Jour. Sci. & Arts, 3d series, vol. 13,
Burlington Gr. [Ety. proper name.] These authors have pointed out the family
relationship of the genus Belemnocrinus with Apiocrinus and the genus should
therefore be classed with the Apiocrinida?.

Eucladocrinus, Meek, 1871, proposed as a subgenus of Platycrinus and founded upon P.
montanaensis.

SUB-KINGDOM MOLLUSCA.

First Class,
Second Class,
Third Class,
Fourth Class,
Fifth Class,
Sixth Class,

BRYOZOA.

BRACHIOPODA.

PTEROPODA.

GASTEROPODA.

CEPHALOPODA.

LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.

CLASS BRYOZOA.

FAMILY CELLEPORID.E.— Flustra, Paleschara, Sagenella.

FAMILY ESCHARID^E. — Arthroclema, Clathropora, Coscinium, Eschara, Escharopora,

Glauconome, Helopora, Intricaria, Phsenopora, Ptilodictya, Semicoscinium,

Stictopora.
FAMILY CRISIDjE.— Alecto, Hippothoa.
FAMILY RETEPORID^E.— Archimedes, Botryllopora, Carinopora, Cryptopora, Evaeti-

nopora, Fenestella, Fenestralia, Gorgonia, (?) Hemitrypa, Ichthyorachis, Lyropora,

Phyllopora, Polypora, Ptilopora, Retepora, Septopora, Synocladia, Tteniopora.
FAMILY THAMNISCIDiE.— Thamniscus.
FAMILY TUBULIPORID^E.— Callopora, Ceramopora, Ceriopora, Cyclopora, Hornera,

Lichenalia, Rhinopora, Trematopora.

Alecto, Lamouroux, 1821, Exposi. Method.
[Ety. mythological name.]

auloporoides, Nicholson, 1875, Ohio Pal.,
vol. 2, Cin'ti Gr. [Sig. like AuloporaJ]

canadensis, Nicholson, 1875, Can. Nat.
& Geol., Corniferous Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]

confusa, Nicholson, 1875, Ohio Pal., vol.
2, Cin'ti Gr. [Sig. confused.]

frondosa, James, 1875, Ohio Pal., vol. 2,
Cin'ti Gr. [Sig. branchy.]

inflata, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,
Trenton & Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. in-
flated.]

nexilis, James, 1875, Int. to Catal. Cin.
Foss., Cin'ti Gr. [Sig. wreathed to-
gether.]
Archimedes, LeSueur, 1842, (Retepora arch-
imedes) Am. Jour. Sci., vol. 43. [Ety.
from its resemblance to the machine
for raising water, consisting of a tube
rolled in a spiral form round a cylin-
der, invented by Archimedes, a Greek
mathematician.]

laxa, Hall, 1857, Proc. Am. Ass'n Ad.

Sci., vol. 10, Kaskaskia Gr. [Sig.

loose.]
meekiana, Hall, 1857, Proc. Am. Ass'n

Ad. Sci., vol. 10, Kaskaskia Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
oweniana, Hall, 1857, Proc. Am. Ass'n

Ad. Sci., vol. 10, Keokuk Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
reversa, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa, War-
saw Gr. [Ety. from the reversed direc-
tion of the spiral frond.]
swalloviana, Hall, 1857, Proc. Am. Ass'n

Ad. Sci., vol. 10, Kaskaskia Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
wortheni, Hall, 1857, Proc. Am. Ass'n

Ad. Sci., vol. 10, Warsaw Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
Archimedipora, D'Orb., 1849, Prod, de Pal.

Syn. for Archimedes.
archimedes, see Archimedes.
Arthroclema, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol.

1. [Ety. arthron, a joint; Mema, a

twig.]

96

BRYOZOA.

pulchella, Billings, 1862. Pal. Foss. vol.,

1, Trenton Gr. [Sig. beautiful.]
Botkyllopora, Nicholson, 1874, Geo. Mag.

Lond., n. s., vol. 1. [Ety. boti-ylfos, a

cluster; poros, a pore.]
socialis, Nicholson, 1874, Geo. Mag.

Lond., n. s., vol. 1, Ham. Gr. [Sig.

living in groups or flocks.]
Callopora, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2.

[Ety. hallos, beautiful ; poros, a pore.]
aspera, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y, vol. 2, Ni-
agara Gr. [Sig. rough.]
elegantula, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,

Niagara Gr. [Sig. elegant.]
florida,'Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2, Ni-

agai-a Gr. [Sig. adorned.]
heteropora, Hall, 1874, 26th Reg. Rep.,

Low. Held. Gr. [Ety. heteros, irregu-
lar; poros, a pore.]
hyale, Hall, 1874, 26th Reg. Rep., Low.

Held. Gr. [Ety. mythological name.]
incrassata, Nicholson, 1874, Geo. Mag.

Lond., n. s., vol. 1, Corniferous and

Ham. Gr. [Sig. stout, thickened.]
laminata, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,

Niagara Gr. [Sig. composed of thin

plates.]
macropora, Hall, 1874, 26th Reg. Rep.,

Devonian. [Sig. having long pores.]
missouriensis, Rominger, 1866, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Keokuk Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
nummiformis, Hall, 1852, Pal.N.Y., vol.

2, Niagara Gr. [Sig. in the form of
small coins.]

perelegans, Hall, 1874, 26th Reg. Rep.
Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. very elegant.]

ponderosa, Hall, 1874, 26th Reg. Rep.,
Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. heavy, bulky.]

punctata, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,
Warsaw Gr. [Sig. punctated.]

punctillata, Winche'll, 1866, Rep. Low.
Peninsula Mich., Ham. Gr. [Sig. a
little dot.]

singularis, Hall, 1876, 28th Reg. Rep.,
Niagara Gr. [Sig. singular.]

unispina, Hall , 1874, 26th Reg. Rep.,
Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. one-spined.]

venusta, Hall, 1874, 26th Reg. Rep., Low.
Held. Gr. [Sig. elegant.]
Carinopora, Nicholson, 1874, Ann. Mag.
Nat. Hist., 4th series, vol. 13. [Ety.
carina, a keel ; poros, a pore.]

hindi, Nicholson, 1874, Ann. Mag. Nat.
Hist., 4th series, vol. 13, Corniferous
Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Ceramopora, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2.
[Ety. keramis, imbricated like roof
tile , poros, a pore. ]

agellus, Hall, 1876, 28th Reg. Rep., Ni-
agara Gr. [Sig. a small field.]

confluens, Hall, 1876, 28th Reg. Rep., Ni-
agara Gr. [Sig. colonies blended to-
gether.]

foliacea, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,
Niagara Gr. [Sig. leaf -like.]

huronensis, Nicholson, 1875, Geo. Mag.,

n. s., vol. 2, Ham. Gr. [Ety proper

name.]
imbricata, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol! 2,

Niagara Gr. [Sig. imbricated, like

shingles on a roof.]
incrustans, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,

Niagara Gr. [Sig. incrusting other

SllbstilllCGS "1

labecula, Hall, 1876, 28th Reg. Rep., Ni-
agara Gr. [Sig. a little spot.]
maculata, Hall, 1874, 26th Reg. Rep.,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. forming macu-
lae or small clusters.]
maxima, Hall, 1874, 26th Reg. Rep., Low.

Held. Gr. [Sig. largest.]
nicholsoni, James, 1875, Int. to Catal.

Cin. Foss., Cin'ti Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
ohioensis, Nicholson, 1875, Ohio Pal.,

vol. 2, Cin'ti Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Ceriopora, Goldfuss, 1826, Germ. Petref.

[Ety. kerion, a honey-comb ; poros, a

pore.]
hamiltonensis, Nicholson, 18 74, Geo.

Mag. Lond. n. s., vol. 1, Ham Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
Clathropora, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2.

[Ety. dathrum, a lattice ; pora, a pore.]

This genus is regarded by some as a

synonym for Coscinium.
alcicornis, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,

Niagara Gr. [Sig. elk-horned.]
clintonensis, Hall & Whitfield, 1875, Ohio

Pal., vol. 2, Clinton Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
flabellata, Hall, 1851, Foster & Whitney's

Rep., vol. 2, Trenton Gr. [Sig. spread

out like a fan.]
frondosa, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,

[Sig. branchy.]
intertexta, Nicholson, 1874, Geo. Mag.

Lond., n. s., vol. 1, Corniferous Gr.

[Sig. inter-woven!]
Coscinium, Keyserling, 1846. [Ety. koskinon,

a sieve.]
asterium, Prout, 1860, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., Keokuk Gr. [Sig. like a

star.]
cribriforme, Prout, 1858, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., Up. Held. Gr. [Ety. full

of openings like a sieve.]
cyclops, Keyserling, 1846, Up. Held. Gr.

[Ety. mythological name.]
elegans, Prout, 1860, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., Lower beds of St. Louis

Gr. [Sig. elegant]
escharoides, Prout, 1860, Trans. St. Louis

Acad, Sci., erroneously written eschar-

ense, Keokuk Gr. [Sig. like the genus

eschar u.~\
keyserlingi, Prout, 1858, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., Warsaw Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
michelinia, Prout, 1860, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., St. Louis Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]

BRYOZOA.

97

plumosum, Prout, 1860, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., St. Louis Gr. [Sig. feath-
ery.]
sagenella, Prout, 1860, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., St. Louis Gr. [Sig. from

its resemblance to the genus Sagenella.'}
tuberculatum, Prout, 1860, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., Keokuk Gr. [Sig.

covered with tubercles.]
wortheni, Prout, 1860, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., Keokuk Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
Ckyptopoka, Nicholson, 1874, Ann. Mag.

Nat. Hist., 4th ser., vol. 13. [Ety.

kryptos, concealed; poros, a pore.]
mirabilis, Nicholson, 1874, Ann. Mag.

Nat. Hist., 4th ser., vol. 13, Cornifer-

ous Gr. [Sig. wonderful.]
Cycxofora, Prout, 1860, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci. [Ety. kuklos, circle ; poros,

a pore.]
discoidea, Prout, 1860, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., Keokuk Gr. [Sig. disc-
like, quoit-shaped.]
fungia, Prout, 18 60, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., Keokuk Gr. [Ety. from

its resemblance to the genus FungiaJ]
jamesi, Prout, 1860, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., Cin'ti Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
polymorpha, Prout, 1860, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., Chester Gr. [Sig. many-

fermed.]
Diamesopora, Hall, 1852. Not defined.

dickotoma, see Trematopora dichotoma.
Eschaka, Lamarck, 1801, Syst. An. sans.

Vert. [Ety. eschar, a scar.]
(?) concentrica, Prout, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., Carb. [Sig. in concentric

lines.]
ovatipora, Troost, 1840, 5th Geo. Rep.

Tenn., Low. Sil. [Ety. ovatus, ovate;

pora, a pore.]
reticulata, Troost, 1840, 5th Geo. Rep.

Tenn., Low. Sil. [Sig. reticulated.]
tuberculata, Prout, 1858, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., Carb. [Sig. tuberculated.]
Escharopora, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y. vol. 1.

[Ety. esclmr, a scar ; poros, a pore or

cell.]
lirata, Hall, 1874, 26th Reg. Rep., Low.

Held. Gr. [Sig. lined.]
nebulosa, Hall, 1874, 26th Reg. Rep., Low.

Held. Gr. [Sig. misty, foggy.]
recta, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1, Tren-
ton Gr. [Sig. straight.]
recta var. nodosa. Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y.,

vol. 1, Trenton Gr. [Sig. nodose,

knotty.]
tenuis, Hall, 1874, 26th Reg. Rep., N. Y.,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. slender.]
Evactinopora, Meek & Worthen, 1865, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. [Ety. evactinos,

with beautiful rays ; poros, a pore. ]
grandis, Meek & Worthen, 1868, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 3, Burlington Gr. [Sig.

grand, large.]
13

radiata, Meek & Worthen, 1865, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Burlington Gr.
[Sig. rayed.]

sexradiata, Meek & Worthen, 1868, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 3, Burlington Gr. [Sig.

six-rayed.]

Fenestella, Lonsdale, 18 39, Murch. Sil.

Syst. [Ety. fenestella, a little window.]

acmea, Hall, 1876, 28th Reg. Rep., Niag-
ara Gr. [Sig. pointed,]

acuticosta, Roemer, 1860, Sil. Fauna
West Tenn., Niagara Gr. [Sig. sharp-
ribbed.]

aspera, Hall, 1847, (Gorgonia aspera) Pal.
N. Y., vol. 1, Chazy Gr. [Sig. rough.]

banyana, Prout, 1859, Trans. St. Louis
Acad. Sci., Low. Carb. [Ety. from
its resemblance to the rootlets of the
banyan-tree of India.]

bifurcata, Prout, 1866, Trans. St. Louis
Acad. Sci., Ham. Gr. [Sig. bifurcated,
forked.]

corticata, Prout, 1858, Trans. St. Louis
Acad. Sci., Low. Carb. [Sig. having
rind or bark.]

crebripora, Hall, 1874, 26th Reg. Rep.,
Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. having the
openings very close.]

cribrosa, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,
Niagara Gr. [Sig. like a sieve.]

dawsoni, Nicholson, 1875, Geo. Mag. vol.
2, n. s. Ham. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

delicata, Meek, 1871, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phil., vol. 23, Waverly Gr. [Sig.
delicate, thin.]

dilata, Prout, 1866, Trans. St. Louis
Acad. Sci., Ham. Gr. [Sig. spread
out.]

elegans, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,
Niagara Gr. [Sig. elegant.]

eximia, Winchell, 1866, Rep. Low. Pen-
insula Mich., Ham. Gr. [Sig. ex-
cellent, select.]

filiformis, Nicholson, 1874, Geo. Mag.,
vol. 1, n. s., Corniferous Gr. [Sig.
thread-like.]

filitexta, Winchell, 1866, Rep. Low. Pen-
insula Mich., Ham. Gr. [Sig. woven
like threads.]

flabellata, Phillips, 1836, Geo. York. pt. 2,
Coal Meas. or Permian. [Sig. fan-
like.]

gracilis, Hall, 1847, (Retepora gracilis)
Pal. N. Y., vol. 1, Chazy Gr. [Sig.
slender.]

hemitrypa, Prout, 1859, Trans. St. Louis
Acad. Low. Carb. [Sig. from half-
closed fenestrules.]

idalia, Hall, 1874, 26th Reg. Rep., Low.
Held. Gr. [Ety. mythological name.]

incepta, Hall, 1847, (Retepora incepta)
Pal. N. Y., vol. 1, Chazy Gr. [Sig.
incipient.]

intermedia, Prout, 1858, Trans. St. Louis
Acad. Sci., Carb. [Sig. intermediate.]

lyelli, Dawson, 1868, Acad. Geol., Low,
Carb. [Ety. proper name.]

BRYOZOA.

magnifica, Nicholson, 1874, Geo. Mag.,

vol. 1, n. s., Corniferous Gr. [Sig.

magnificent.]
marginalis, Nicholson, 1874, Geo. Mag.,

vol. 1, n. s., Corniferous Gr. [Sig.

pertaining to the margin.]
multiporata, var. lodiensis, Meek, 1875,

Ohio Pal., vol. 2, Waverly Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
nervata, Nicholson, 1875, Ohio Pal., vol.2,

Niag. Gr. [Sig. full of nerves or fibers.]
nervia, Hall, 1874, 26th Reg. Rep., Low.

Held. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
nodosa, Prout, 1866, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., Ham. Gr. [Sig. nodose,

knotty.]
norwoodiana, Prout, 1858, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., Coal Meas. [Ety.

proper name.]
parvulipora, Hall, 1876, 28th Reg. Rep.,

Niagara Gr. [Sig. having very small

pores.]
plebeia, Geinitz, 1866, Carb. und Dyas.

Neb., Upper Coal Meas. This name

was preoccupied by McCoy, and the

species is distinct,
plumosa, Prout, 1858, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci.,Warsaw Gr. [Sig. feathery.]
popeana, Prout, 1858, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., Permian Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
precursor, Hall, 1874, 26th Reg. Rep.,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. forerunner.]
prisca, Lonsdale, 1839, Murch. Sil. Syst.,

Clinton Gr. [Sig. ancient.]
puncto-striata,Hall, 1876,28th Reg. Rep.,

Niagara Gr. [Sig. dotted and striated.]
shumardi, Prout, 1858, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., vol. 1, Up. Coal Meas.

[Ety. proper name.]
subretiformis, Prout, 1858, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., Carb. [Sig. some-
what net-shaped.]
sylvia, Hall, 1874, 26th Reg. Rep., Low.

Held. Gr. [Ety. mythological name.]
tenuiceps, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,

Niagara Gr. [Sig. slender-headed.]
tenuis, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,

Clinton Gr. [Sig. thin, slender.]
trituberculata, Prout, 1858, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., Carb. [Sig. having

three tubercles.]
variabilis, Prout, 1858, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., Carb. [Sig. variable,

changing.]
Fenestralia, Prout, 1858, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci. [Ety. from the genus

Fenestella.]
st. ludovici, Prout, 1858, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., St. Louis Gr. [Ety. proper

name.] Sanctus Ludovicus, Latin for

St. Louis.
Flustea, Linnaeus, 1745, Amaenitates acad-
emics. [Sig. calm.]
carbaseoides, Eaton, 1832, Geo. Text

Book, Devonian. [Ety. from a sup-
posed resemblance to the recent

Flustra carbasea.]

spatulata, Prout, 1859, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., Low. Carb. [Sig. spatula-
shaped.]
tuberculata, Prout. 1859, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., Low. Carb. [Sig. tubercu-

lated.]
Glauconome, Goldfuss, 1826, Germ. Petref.

[Ety. mythological name.]
nereidis, White, 1874, Rep. Invert. Foss.,

Carb. [Ety. nerium, a tree; eidos,

like.]
trilineata, Meek, 1872, Pal. E. Neb., Coal

Meas. [Sig. three lined or striated.]
Gorgonia, Linnaeus, 1745, Amaenitates acad-

emica?. [Ety. mythological name.]
(?) aspera, see Fenestella aspera.
dubia, Goldfuss, 1826, Petref. Germ. Per-
mian. [Sig. doubtful.]
perantiqua, see Retepora perantiqua.
Helopora, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2.

[Ety. helos, a club ; poros, a perforation.]
armata, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.

Antic, Anticosti Gr. [Sig. furnished

with defenses.]
bellula, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.

Antic, Anticosti Gr. [Sig. pretty,

neat.]
circe, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.

Antic, Anticosti Gr. [Ety. mytho-
logical name.]
concava, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.

Antic, Anticosti Gr. [Sig. concave.]
formosa, Billings, 1865, Catal. Sil. Foss.

Antic, Anticosti Gr. [Sig. beautiful.]
fragilis, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,

Clinton Gr. [Sig. frail, easily broken.]
fragilis var. acadiensis, Hall, 1860, Can.

Nat. & Geo., vol. 5, Anticosti Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
irregularis, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.

Antic, Anticosti Gr. [Sig. irregular.]
lineata, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.

Antic, Anticosti Gr. [Sig. lined,

striated.]
lineopora, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.

Antic, Anticosti Gr. [Sig. lined with

perforations.]
nodosa, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.

Antic, Anticosti Gr. [Sig. full of

knots.]
striatopora, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.

Antic, Anticosti Gr. [Sig. striated

co ml 1
strigosa, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.

Antic, Anticosti Gr. [Sig. thin,

meagre.]
varipora, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.

Antic, Anticosti Gr. [Sig. cells vary-
ing in size.]
Hemitrypa, Phillips, 1841, Pal. Foss. of

Cornwall, Devon, and West Somerset.

[Ety. hemitrypa, half-foramen.]
dubia, Hall, 1876, 28th Reg. Rep., Niag-
ara Gr. [Sig. doubtful.]
prima, Hall, 1874, 26th Reg. Rep., Low.

Held. Gr. [Sig. first.]

BRYOZOA.

Heterodictya, Nicholson, 1875, Geo. Mag.,
vol. 2, n. s. [Ety. Iieteros, irregular;
dictyon, a net.] The correct ortho-
graphy is Heterodictyon.
gigantea, Nicholson, 1875, Geo. Mag., vol.
2, Low. Carb. [Sig. large, gigantic]
Hippothoa, Lamouroux, 1821, Expos, method.

inflata, see Alecto inflata.
Hornera, Lamouroux, 1821, Expos, method.
des genres de l'Ordre des Pol. [Ety.
proper name.]
dichotomy Hall,' 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,
Niagara Gr. [Sig. divided into two;
forked.]
Ichthyoraciiis, McCoy, 1844, Carb. Foss.
Ireland. [Ety. ichthys, a fish ; rachu,
a backbone.]
nereis, Hall, 1874, 26th Reg. Rep., Low.
Held. Gr. [Ety. mythological name.]
Intricaria, Defrance, 1823, Dictionnaire des
Sciences Naturelles. [Ety. intrico, to
entangle.]
reticulata, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y, vol. 1,
Trenton & Cin'ti Gr. [Sig. net-
worked.]
Lichen alia, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2.
[Sig. from resemblance to a marine
lichen.]
concentrica, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,
Niagara Gr. [Sig. concentrically
wrinkled.]
concentrica var. parvula, Hall, 1876, 28th
Reg. Rep. N.Y., Niag. Gr. [Sig. small.]
Lyropora, Hall, 1857, Proc. Am. Assoc. Ad.
Sci., vol. 10. [Ety. lyra, a lute ; pora,
a pore.]
lyra, Hall, 1857, Proc. Am. Ass. Ad. Sci.,
vol. 10, Kaskaskia Gr. [Sig. a lute.]
quincuncialis, Hall, 1857, Proc. Am. Ass.
Ad. Sci., vol. 10, Kaskaskia Gr. [Sig.
in the form of a quincunx ; an oblique
arrangement.]
retrorsa, Meek & Worthen, 1868, Geo.Sur.
111., vol. 3, Burlington Gr. [Sig.
turned back.]
subquadrans, Hall, 1857, Proc. Am. Ass.
Ad. Sci., vol. 10, Kaskaskia Gr. [Sig.
somewhat square.]
Paleschara, Hall, 1874, 26th Reg. Rep.
[Sig. ancient Eschara.~\
aspera, Hall, 1876, 28th Reg. Rep., Ni-
agara Gr. [Sig. rough.]
bifoliata, Hall, 1874, 26th Reg. Rep., Low.

Held. Gr. [Sig. two-leaved.]
incrustans, Hall, 1874, 26th Reg. Rep.,
Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. incrusting other
objects.]
maculata, Hall, 1876, 28th Reg. Rep., Ni-
agara Gr. [Sig. spotted.]
offula, Hall, 1876, 28th Reg. Rep., Niag-
ara Gr. [Sig. a small piece.]
sphserion, Hall, 1876. 28th Reg. Rep.,
Niagara Gr. [Sig. a little ball.]
Ph^nopora, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2.
[Ety. phaino, to open or make a
window; poros, a pore.]
constellata, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,
Clinton Gr. [Sig. starred.]

ensiformis, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,

Clinton Gr. [Ety. like a sword.]
expansa, Hall & Whitfield, 1875, Ohio

Pal., vol. 2, Clinton Gr. [Sig. spread

out.]
explanata, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,

Clinton Gr. [Sig. spread out.]
multipora, Hall, 1851, Geo. Lake Sup.

Land. Dist,. vol. 2, Trenton Gr. [Sig.

having many pores.]
Phyllopora, King, 1849, Ann. Nat. Hist.,

2d ser., vol. 3. [Ety. phyllon, a leaf ;

poros, a pore.]
ehrenbergi, Geinitz, 1846, (Gorgonia

ehrenbergi) Grundriss, Permian Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
Polypora, McCoy, 1845, Carb. Foss. Ireland.

[Ety. polys, many ; poros, a pore.]
biarmica, (?) Keyserling, 1846, Russia

and the Ural Mts., Geinitz referred a

form from the Coal Meas. to this

species, and Prout referred a form

from the Chester Gr. to it. [Sig.

strong-jointed.]
elegans, Hall, 1874, 26th Reg. Rep., Low.

Held. Gr. [Sig. elegant.]
gracilis, Prout, 1860, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., Keokuk Gr. [Sig. slender.]
halliana. Prout, 1860, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., St. Louis Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
hamiltonensis, Prout, 1866, Geo. Sur. 111.,

vol. 2, Ham. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
imbricata, Prout, 1866, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., Devonian. [Sig. imbri-

incepta, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,

Niagara Gr. [Sig. incipient.]
intermedia, Prout, 1858, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. inter-
mediate.]
lilia, Hall, 1874, 26th Reg. Rep., Low.

Held. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
mexicana, Prout, 1858, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., Permian Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
(?) psyche, Billings, 1874, Pal. Foss.,

vol. 2, Devonian. [Ety. mythological

name.]
pulchella, Nicholson, 1874, Geo. Mag.

Lond., n. s., vol. 1, Corniferous Gr.

[Sig. beautiful.]
rigida, Prout, 1866, Trans. St. Louis Acad.

Sci., Ham. Gr. [Sig. rigid.]
shumardi, Prout, 1858, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., Up. Held. Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
stragula, White, 1874, Rep. Invert. Foss.,

Carb. [Sig. outward covering or gar-
ment.]
submarginata, Meek, 1872, Pal. E. Neb.,

Coal Meas. [Sig. somewhat like P.

marginata.] This species was referred

by Geinitz to P. marginata of McCoy,
tenella, Nicholson, 1874, Geo. Mag. Lond.

n. s., vol. 1, Corniferous Gr. [Sig.

delicate.]

100

BRYOZOA.

tuberculata, Prout, 1859, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., Low. Carb. [Sig. tubercu-

lated.]
tuberculata, Nicholson, 1874, Geo. Mag.

Lond., vol. 1, Corniferous Gr. This

name was preoccupied by Prout in

1859.
varsoviensis, Prout, 1858, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., Warsaw Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
Ptilodictya, Lonsdale, 1839, Murch. Sil.

Syst. [Ety. ptilon, a wing ; dictyon, a

net.] The correct orthography is

Ptilodictyon.
acuminata, James, 1876, Int. Catal. Cin.

Foss., Cin'ti Gr. [Sig. sharp-pointed.]
alcyone, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.

Antic, Anticosti Gr. [Ety. mytho-
logical name.]
arctipora, Nicholson, 1875, Ohio Pal.,

vol. 2, Cin'ti Gr. [Sig. having narrow

pores.]
arguta, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.

Antic, Anticosti Gr. [Sig. very dis-
tinct.]
canadensis, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil.

Foss. Antic, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
carbonaria, see Stictopora carbonaria.
cosciniformis, Nicholson, 1875, Geo. Mag.,

n. s., vol. 2, Ham. Gr. [Sig. resembling

Coscinium.]
dictyota, Meek, 1872, Hayden'sGeo. Rep.,

Low. Carb. [Sig. net-worked.]
emacerata, Nicholson, 1875, Ohio Pal.,

vol. 2, Cin'ti Gr. [Sig. thin, lean.]
excellens, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.

Antic, Anticosti Gr. [Sig. excellent.]
explicam, Safford, 1869, Geo. of Tenn.

Not defined,
falciformis, Nicholson, 1875, Ohio Pal.,

vol. 2, Cin'ti Gr. [Sig. sword-shaped.]
fenestelliformis, Nicholson, 1875, Ohio

Pal., vol. 2, Cin'ti Gr. [Ety. from re-
semblance to Fenestella.}
flagellum, Nicholson, 1875, Ohio Pal., vol.

2, Cin'ti Gr. [Sig. a small whip.]
fragilis, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.

Antic. Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. frail.]
gladiola, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.

Antic, Anticosti Gr. [Sig. sword-
grass.]
libana, Safford, 1869, Geo. of Tenn.,

Trenton Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
meeki, Nicholson, 1874, Geo. Mag., n. s.,

vol. 1, Corniferous &Ham. Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
multiramis, Safford. Not defined,
nitidula, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.

Antic, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. neat.
pavonia, see Monticulipora pavonia.
rustica, Billings, 1865, Catal. Sil. Foss.

Antic, Anticosti Gr. [Sig. rough.]
sereata, see Stictopora sereata.
sulcata, Billings, 1 866, Catal. Sil. Foss.

Antic. , Anticosti Gr. [Sig. furrowed . ]

superba, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.

Antic, Anticosti Gr. [Sig. superb.]
Symmetrel, Safford. Not defined,
tarda, Billings, 1874, Pal. Foss., vol. 2,

Devonian. [Sig. thick.]
tenera, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.

Antic, Anticosti Gr. [Sig. tender.]
Ptilopora, McCoy, 1844, Syn. Carb. Foss.,

Ireland. [Ety. ptilon, a plume ; poros,

a pore.]
prouti, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa, War-
saw Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Retepoka, Lamarck, 1801, Syst. An. sans.

Vert. [Ety. reie, a net; poros, a pore.]
angulata, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,

Clinton Gr. [Sig. angular.]
antiqua, as identified by d'Archiac & Ver-

neuil. Not American.
archimedes, Lesueur, see Archimedes,
asperato-striata, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y.,

vol. 2, Niagara Gr. [Sig. rough and

striated.]
clintoni, Vanuxem, 1842, Geo. Rep. 3d

Dist. N. Y., Clinton Gr. [Ety. proper

name. ]
diffusa, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,

Niagara Gr. [Sig. diffused, extended.]
fenestrata, Hall, 1850, 3d Reg. Rep., Clin-
ton Gr. [Sig. having open windows.]
foliacea, Hall, 1847. This name Prof.

Hall says may be erased from the list

of

ivs
ils.

gracilis, see Fenestella gracilis,
hamiltonensis, Prout, 1866, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., Ham. Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
incepta, see Fenestella incepta.
perantiqua, Hall, 1847, (Gorgonia (?) per-

antiqua) Pal. N. Y., vol. 1, Trenton

Gr. [Sig. very ancient.]
phillipsi, Nicholson, 1874, Geo. Mag., n.

s., vol. 1, Corniferous Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
trentonensis, Nicholson, 1875, Geo. Mag.,

vol. 2, n. s., Trenton Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
Rhinopora, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2.

[Ety. rhine, a file ; poros, a pore. ]

Better orthography would be Rkini-

pora.
frondosa, Hall & Whitfield, 1875, Ohio

Pal., vol. 2, Clinton Gr. [Sig. branchy.]
tuberculosa, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,

Niagara Gr. [Sig. abounding in tuber-
cles.]
tubulosa, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,

Clinton Gr. [Sig. abounding in

tubes 1
verrucosa, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,

Clinton Gr. [Sig. covered with wart-
like projections.]
Sagenella, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,

Niagara Gr. [Ety. sagenella, a little

drag net.]
elegans, Hall, 1876, 28th Reg. Rep., Niag-
ara Gr. [Sig. elegant.]
membranacea, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol.

2, Niagara Gr. [Sig. membrane-like.]

BRYOZOA.

101

Semicoscinium, Prout, 1859, Trans. St. Louis
Acad. Sci. [Sig. somewhat like fossils
of the genus Coscinium.]
eriense, Prout, I860, Trans. St. Louis
Acad. Sci., Devonian. [Ety. proper
name.]
rhomboideum, Prout, 1859, Trans. St.
Louis Acad. Sci., Up. Held. Gr. [Sig.

rhomboidal.]
tuberculatum, Prout, 1860, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., Up. Held. Gr. [Sig.

tuberculated.]
Septopora, Prout, 1859, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci. [Ety. septum, partition or

division ; para, a pore.]
cestriensis, Prout, 1850, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., Chester Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
Stictopoka, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1.

[Ety. stictos, spotted or punctured ;

poros, a pore.]
acuta, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1, Tren-
ton Gr. [Sig. sharp.]
carbonaria, Meek, 1871, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci. Phil., Coal Meas. [Sig. from the

Coal Measures.]
crassa, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2, Clin-
ton Gr, [Sig. thick.]
elegantula, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,

Trenton Gr. [Sig. quite elegant.]
fenestrata, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol

1, Chazy Gr. [Sig. open, having

windows.]
gilberti, Meek, 1871, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci

Phil., Corniferous Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
glomerate, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,

Chazy Gr. [Sig. confused, out of

order.]
labyrinthica, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol

1, Birdseye Gr. [Sig. intricate.]
lichenoides. Meek, 1873, Pal. Ohio, vol

1, Corniferous Gr. [Sig. resembling

a Lichen.']
magna, Hall & Whitfield, 1875, Pal. Ohio,

vol. 2, Clinton Gr. [Sig. great, large.]
punctipora, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,

Niagara Gr. [Sig. punctus, a puncture ;

pora, a pore.]
ramosa, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,

Birdseye Gr. [Sig. branching.]
raripora, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol, 2,

Clinton Gr. [Sig. cells distant.]
serrate, Meek, 1875, Pal. Ohio, vol. 2,

Coal Meas. [Sig. serrated.]
shafferi, Meek, 1872, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.

Phil., Cin'ti Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
similis, Hall, 1876, 28th Reg. Rep., Niag-
ara Gr. [Sig. similar.]
sulcata, Winchell, 1866, Rep. Low. Penin.

Mich., Ham. Gr. [Sig. furrowed.]
variabilis, Prout, 1866, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., Up. Sil. [Sig. variable,

not always the same.]
Synocladia, King, 1849, Trans. Geol. Soc.

Lond., 2d Ser., vol. 3. [Ety. syn. to-
gether; Mados, a young branch.]

biserialis, Swallow, 1858, Trans. St. Louis
Acad. Sci., Up. Coal Meas. [Sig. in
allusion to the two rows of cellules ]
T^niopora, Nicholson, 1874, Geo. Ma<"
Lond., n. s., vol. 1. [Ety. tainia, a rif>
bon; poros, a pore.]
exigua, Nicholson, 1874, Geo. Mag. Lond.,
n. s., vol. 1, Ham. Gr. [Sig. little,
small.]
penniformis, Nicholson, 1874, Geo. Mag.
Lond. n. s., vol. 1, Ham. Gr. [Sig.
resembling a feather.]
Thamniscus, King, 1849, Perm. Foss. [Ety.
thamniskos, a little shrub.]
niagarensis, Hall, 1876, 28th Reg. Rep.,
Niagara Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Trematopora, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2.
[Ety. trema, a hole ; poros, a pore.]
aspera, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2, Ni-
agara Gr. [Sig. rough.]
coalescens, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,
Niagara Gr. [Sig. uniting together.]
constricta, Hall, 1874, 26th R<?g Rep.,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. constricted.]
corticosa, Hall, 1874, 26th Reg. Rep.,
Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. like thick bark.]
densa, Hall, 1874. 26th Reg. Rep., Low.

Held. Gr. [Sig. thick, close.]
dichotoma, Hall, 1852, (Diamesopora
dichotoma) Pal. N. Y., vol. 2. Niagara
Gr. [Sig. dividing into two.] >
echinata, Hall, 1876, 28th Reg. Rep., Ni-
agara Gr. [Sig. set with spines.]
fragilis, Winchell, 1863, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci., Chemung Gr. [Sig. frail.]
granulifera, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol.
2, Niagara Gr. [Sig. bearing granules.]
The same species is marked " n. sp."
in 28th Reg. Rep., probably by mis-
take,
infrequens, Hall, 1876, 28th Reg. Rep.,

Niagara Gr. [Sig. not frequent.]
maculosa, Hall, 1874, 26th Reg. Rep.,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. spotted.]
minute, Hall, 1876, 28th Reg. Rep., Ni-
agara Gr. [Sig. very small.]
osculum, Hall, 1876, 28th Reg. Rep., Ni-
agara Gr. [Sig. pretty mouth.]
ostiolata, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,
Niagara Gr. [Sig. having small open-
ings.]
ponderosa, Hall, 1874, 26th Reg. Rep.,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. heavy.]
punctata, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,

Niagara Gr. [Sig. dotted.]

regularis, Hall. 1874, 26th Reg. Rep.,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. in allusion to

the regular arrangement of the cells.]

rhombifera, Hall, 1874, 26th Reg. Rep.,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. rhomb-bearing.]

signatus, Hall, 1874, 26th Reg. Rep.,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. marked.]
solida, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y, vol. 2, Ni-
agara Gr. [Sig. solid.]
sparsa, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2, Ni-
agara Gr. [Sig. scattered.]
spinulosa, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,
Niagara Gr. [Sig. full of little spines.]

102

BRYOZOA.

spinulosa, Hall, 1876, 28th Reg. Rep., Ni-
agara Gr. The name was preoccupied.
Possibly the species are identical.

striata, Hall, 1852, Pal. X. Y., vol. 2, Ni-
agara Gr. [Sig. striated.]

superba, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.
Antic, Clinton & Niagara Gr. [Sig.
splendid.]

tuberculosa, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol.
2, Niagara Gr. [Sig. full of tubercles.]

tubulosa, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,
Niagara Gr. [Sig. full of tubes.]

varia, Hall, 1876, 28th Reg. Rep., Niagara
Gr. [Sig. different; from the variable
cell mouths.]

variolata, Hall, 1876, 28th Reg. Rep., Ni-
agara Gr. [Sig. from the distant and
variable cell mouths.]

vesiculosa, Winchell, 1863, Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci., Chemung Gr. [Sig. full of
vesicles.]

CLASS BRACHIOPODA

FAMILY CALCEOLID.E.— Calceola.

FAMILY CRANIID^E. — Crania, Pholidops, Pseudocrania, Schizocrania.

FAMILY DISCTNID.E.— Discina, Trematis.

FAMILY KONINCKIID.E.— Koninckia.

FAMILY LINGULIDyE.— Kutorgina, Leptobolus, Lingula, Lingulella, Lingulepis, Lin-

gulops, Obolus, Obolella.
FAMILY ORBICULID.E.— Acrotreta, Iphidea, Orbicula.
FAMILY ORTHID.E.— .Egilops, Meekella, Orthis, Orthisina, Skenidium, Tropidoleptus,

Vitulina.
FAMILY PENTAMERID.E.-— Amphigenia, Anastrophia, Camarella, Camarophoria,

Gypidula, Pentamerella, Pentamerus, Stricklandinia.
FAMILY PORAMBONITID.E.— Porambonites.

FAMILY PRODUCTIVE.— Aulosteges, Chonetes, Productella, Productus, Strophalosia.
FAMILY RHYNCHONELLID.E.— Acambona, Eatonia, Leiorhynchus, Rhynchonella,

Stenoschisma.
FAMILY SPIRIFERID.E. — Ambocoelia, Athyris, Atrypa, Camarium, Cryptonella,

Cyrtia, Cyrtina, Eichwaldia, Martinia, Merista, Meristella, Meristina, Nucleospira,

Pentagonia, Retzia, Rhynchospira, Spirifera, Spiriferina, Syntrielasma, Syringo-

tbyris, Trematospira, Trigonotreta, Waldheimia, Zygospira.
FAMILY STROPHOMENLILE. — Leptsena, Streptorhynchus, Strophodonta, Stro-

pbomena.
FAMILY TEREBRATULID^:. — Centronella, Coelospira, Leptocoelia, Rensselseria,

Terebratula.
FAMILY TRIMERELLID.E,— Dinobolus, Monomerella, Trimerella.

Acambona, White, 1862, Proc. Bost. Soc.

Nat. Hist., vol. 9. [Ety. aka, a point ;

umbona, umbo.]
prima, White, 1862, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat,

Hist., vol. 9, Burlington Gr. [Sig. first.]
Acrotreta, Kutorga, 1848, Uber die Siphon-

otretse aus den Verhandlungen der

Kaiserlichen Mineralogischen Gesell-

scaft fur Jahr. [Ety. akros, the top or

summit; tretos, perforated.]
attenuata^ Meek, 1872, Hayden's Geo.

Rep., Potsdam Gr. [Sig. drawn out.]
gemma, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Quebec Gr. [Sig. a young bud.]
pyxidicula, White, 1874, Rep. Invert.

Foss., Quebec Gr. [Sig. a little box.]
subsidua, White, 1874, Rep. Invert. Foss.,

Potsdam Gr. [Sig. sinking down.]
^Egilops, Hall, 1850, 3rd Reg. Rep. [Ety.

segibps, an acorn.]
subcarinata, Hall, 1850, 3rd Reg. Rep.,

Trenton Gr. [Sig. somewhat keeled.]

Ambocoslia, Hall, 1860, 13th Reg. Rep.
[Ety. ambon, umbo ; koUos, the belly.]

gemmula, syn. for Spirifera planoconvexa.

gregaria, see Amboccelia umbonata var.
gregaria.

minuta, White, 1862, Proc. Bost. Soc.
Nat. Hist., vol. 9, Chemung Gr. [Sig.
very small.]

nucleus, syn. for Amboccelia umbonata.

pneumbona, Hall, 1857, (Orthis praeum-
bona) 10th Reg. Rep., Ham. Gr. [Sig*
very protuberant.]

mbumbona., see Spirifera, subumbona.

umbonata, Conrad, 1842, (Orthis Umbo-
nata) Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. 8,
Marcellus shale & Ham. Gr. [Sig.
protuberant, bossed.]

umbonata var. gregaria, Hall, 1860, (Am-
boccelia gregaria) 13th Reg. Rep.,
Chemung Gr. [Sig. in a common
flock.]

104

BRACHIOPODA.

Amphigenia, Hall, 1867, Pal. N. Y., vol. 4.
[Ety. amphi, on both sides; genea,
growth.]

curta, Meek & Worthen, 1868,(Strickland-
inia elongata var. curta) Geo. Sur. 111.,
vol. 3, Oriskany sandstone. [Sig.
short.]

elongata, Vanuxem, 1842, (Pentamerus
elongata) Geo. 3rd Dist. N. Y., Scho-
harie grit & Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. elon-
gated.]

elongata var. undulata, Hall, 1867, Pal. N.
Y., vol. 4, Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. waved.]

elongata var. subtrigonalis, Hall, 1857,
(Meganteris subtrigonalis) 10th Reg.
Rep., Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. somewhat
triangular.]
Anastrophia, Hall, 1867, Pal. N. Y., vol. 4.
[Ety. ana, with ; strophe, a turning
round; the relation of the valves is
the reverse of that of Pentamerus.]

interplicata, Hall, 1852, (Atrypa interpli-
cata) Pal. N. Y., vol. 2, Niagara Gr.
[Sig. from the interplications.]

reversa, Billings, 1857, (Pentamerus re-
versus) Rep. of Prog. Mid. Sil. [Sig.
reversed; the dorsal valve being
largest.]

verneuili, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,
Low. Held. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Anomia, Linnseus, 1767, Syst. Nat., 12th Ed.
[Ety. anomios, unequal.]

biloba, see Orthis biloba.

pecten, see Strophomena pecten.

reticularis, see Atrypa reticularis.
Anomites, Wahlenberg, 1821, Act., Upsal.

exporrectus, see Cyrtia exporrecta.

glaber, see Spirifera glabra.

punctatm, see Productus punctatus.

resupinatus, see Orthis resupinatus.

reticularis, see Atrypa reticularis.

rhomboidalis,- see Strophomena rhomboi-
dalis.

scabriculus, see Productus scabriculus.

semireticulatus, see Productus semireticu-
latus.
Athvris, McCoy, 1844, Carb. Foss. Ireland.
[Ety. a, without ; thuris, a small door ;
in allusion to the absence of a deltidi-
um or door. But the name is erro-
neous.]

americana, Swallow, 1863, Trans. St.
Louis Acad. Sci., Low. Carb. [Ety.
proper name.]

angelica, Hall, 1861, 14th Reg. Rep., Che-
mung Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

.argentea, Shepard, 1838, Am. Jour. Sci.,
Up. Coal Meas. [Sig. pertaining to
silver.]

biloba, Winchell, 1865, (Spirigera biloba)
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Kinderhook Gr.
[Sig. double-lobed.]

caput-serpen tis, Swallow, 1863, Trans. St.
Louis Acad. Sci., Up. Coal Meas.
[Ety. caput, head; serpens, a, serpent.]

charitonensis, Swallow, 1860, (Spirigera
charitonensis) Trans. St. Louis Acad.
Sci., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]

chloe, Billings, 1860, Can. Jour., vol. 5.
Devonian. [Ety. proper name.]

clara, syn. for Meristella nasuta.

clintonensis, Swallow, 1863, Trans. St.
Louis Acad. Sci., Low. Carb. [Ety.
proper name.]

cora, Hall, 1860, 13th Reg. Rep., Ham. &
Chemung Gr. [Ety. mythological
name.]

corpulenta, Winchell, 1863, (Spirigera
corpulenta) Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Che-
mung Gr. [Sig. corpulent.]

crassicardinalis, AVhite, 1860, Bost. Jour.
Nat. Hist,, vol. 8, Waverly Gr. [Sig.
thick on the hinge.]

eborea, Winchell, 1866, Rep. Low. Pen-
insula Mich., Ham. Gr. [Sig. made
of ivory.]

euzona, Swallow, 1863, Trans. St. Louis
Acad. Sci., Low. Carb. [Sig. beauti-
fully girdled.]

differentis, McChesnev, I860, New Pal.
Foss., Carb. [Sig. different.]

formosa, Swallow, 1863, Trans. St. Louis
Acad. Sci., Low. Carb. [Sig. beauti-
ful.]

fultonensis, Swallow, 1860, (Spirigera
fultonensis) Trans. St. Louis Acad.
Sci., Ham. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
hannibalensis, Swallow, 1860, (Spirigera
hannibalensis) Trans. St. Louis Acad.
Sci., Chemung Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]

hawni, Swallow, 1860, (Spirigera hawnii)
Trans. St. Louis Aca<J. Sci., Coal Meas.
[Ety. proper name.]

headi, see Zygospira headi.

headi var. anticmtiensis, see Zygospira
headi var. anticostiensis,

headi var borealis, see Zygospira headi var.
boreal is.

hirsuta, Hall, 1858, Trans. Alb. Inst., vol.
4, Warsaw Gr. [Sig. rough, prickly.]

incrassata, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,
Burlington Gr. [Sig. thickened.]

jacksoni, Swallow, 1860, (Spirigera jack-
soni) Trans^St. Louis Acad. Sci., Coal
Meas. [Ety. proper name.]

julia, see Meristella julia.

junia, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.
Antic, Anticosti Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]

lamellosa, Leveille, 1835, (Spirifer lamel-
losus) Mem. Geol. Soc. France, Wav-
erly Gr. [Sig. in very thin plates.]

lara, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss. Antic,
Anticosti Gr. [Ety. mythological
name.]

maconensis, Swallow, 18 60, (Spirigera
maconensis) Trans. St. Louis Acad.
Sci., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]

maia, see Spirifera maia.

minima, Swallow, 1860, (Spirigera min-
ima) Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., Ham.
Gr. [Sig. the least.]

missouriensis, Swallow, 1860, (Spirigera
missouriensis) Trans. St. Louis Acad.
Sci., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]

BRACHIOPODA.

105

mmouriemU, Winchell, I860, (Spirigera

mi8Souriensis) Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.,

Lithographic limestone. This name

was preoccupied,
monticola, White, 1874, (Spirigera mon-

ticola) Rep. Invert. Foss., Low. Carb.

[Sig. inhabiting a mountain.]
papilioniformis, McChesney, 1865, Desc.

New Pal. Foss., Chester "Gr. [Sig. re-
sembling a butterfly.]
parvirostris, Meek & Worthen, 1860, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Keokuk Gr.

[Sig. little-beaked.]
pectinifera, Swallow, 1863, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., Low. Carb. [Sig.

comb-bearing.]
ohioensis, Winchell, 1865, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci., Chemung Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
orbicularis, McChesney, 1860, New Pal.

Foss., Coal Meas. [Sig. orbicular.]
planosulcata, Phillips, 1836, Geol. York.,

vol. 2, Keokuk Gr. [Sig. plain-fur-
rowed.]
plattensis, Swallow, 1863, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., Up. Coal Meas. [Ety.

proper name.]
polita, Hall, 1843, (Atrypa polita) Geo.

4th Dist. N. Y., Chemung Gr. [Sig.

smoothed.]
prinstana, see Meristella prinstana.
prouti, Swallow, 1860, (Spirigera Proutii)

Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., Chemung

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
reflexa, Swallow, 1863, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., Low. Carb. [Sig. turned

back.]
singletoni, Swallow, 1863, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., Low. Coal Meas. [Ety.

proper name.]
solitaria, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.

Antic, Anticosti Gr. [Sig. alone, sol-
itary.]
spiriferoides, Eaton, 1831, (Terebratula

spiriferoides) Am. Jour. Sci., vol. 21,

Cornif. & Ham. Gr. [Sig. resembling

a Spirifera.]
sublamellosa, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,

Kaskaskia Gr. [Sig. somewhat like

A. iameUosa.]
subquadrata, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,

Kaskaskia Gr. [Sig. somewhat

squared.]
subtilita, Hall, 1852, Stansbury's Exped.

to Great Salt Lake, Coal Meas. [Sig.

fine, thin.]
tumida, Dalman, 1827, (Atrypa tumida)

Niagara Gr. [Sig. tumid, swollen out.]

The fossil usually referred to this

species is Meristella maria.
tumidula, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.

Antic, Anticosti Gr. [Sig. diminutive

of tumidus; from its resemblance to

A. tumida and smaller size.]
umbonata, see Meristella umbonata.
vittata, Hall, 1860, 13th Reg. Rep., Cornif.

& Ham. Gr. [Sig. banded.]

turgida, Shaler, 1865, Bulletin No. 4, M.

C. Z., Anticosti Gr. [Sig. swollen,

inflated.]
Atrypa, Dalman, 1827, Vet. Acad. [Ety.

a, without; trypa, a hole or perfora-
tion. It was supposed the shells had

no foramen under the beak. The

name is erroneous.]
actiiiplicata, see Leptoccelia acutiplicata.
acutirostra, see Rhynchonella acutirostra.
aequiradiata, Conrad, 1842, Jour. Acad.

Nat. Sci., vol. 8, Low. Held. Gr. [Sig.

equal-rayed.]
sequiradiata, see Rhynchonella aequira-
diata.
affinis, syn. for Atrypa reticularis.
aUUis, see Rhynchonella altilis.
ambigua, see Camarella ambigua.
aprinis, see Rhynchonella aprinis.
arata, see Pentemerella arata.
aspera, Schlotheim, 1813, (Terebratula

aspera) Petrefactenkunde, Ham. Gr.

[Sig. rough.]
aspera var. occidentalis, Hall, 1858, Geo.

Rep. Iowa, vol. 1, pt. 2, Ham. Gr.

[Sig. western.]
bidens, see Rhynchonella bidens.
bimlcata, see Camarella bisulcata.
borealis, Schlotheim, as identified by

d'Archiac & Verneuil. Not American.
brevirostris, as identified by Hall. See

Pentamerus brevirostris and Anastro-

phia verneuili.
camura, see Trematospira camura.
capax, see Rhynchonella capax.
camdea, as identified by d'Archiac &

Verneuil. Not American,
chemungensis, Conrad, 1842, Jour. Acad.

Nat. Sci., vol. 8, Chemung Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
circulus, see Camarella circulus.
concinna, see Nucleospira concinna.
comis, see Pentamerus comis.
concentrica, syn. for Athyris spiriferoides.
congesta, see Camarella congesta.
congregate,, see Stenoschisma congregata.
conlracta, see Stenoschisma contracte.
corallifera, see Eichwaldia corallifera.
crassirostra, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol.

2, Niagara Gr. [Ety. crassus, thick ;

rostra, heak.]
crentdata, see Terebratula crenulata.
cuboides, as identified by Hall and others,

see Rhynchonella venustula.
cuneata, see Rhynchonella cuneata.
cuspidata, see Camarella cuspidata.
cyhndrica, see Meristella cylindrica.
deflecta, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,

Trenton Gr. [Sig. bent or turned

aside.]
dentata, see Rhynchonella dentate.
disparilis, see Coelospira disparilis.
dubia, see Rhynchonella dubia.
dumosa, Hall, 1843, Geo. Rep., 4th Dist.

N. Y., Chemung Gr. [Sig. bushy.]
duplicata, see Stenoschisma duplicate.
dongata, syn. for Rensseleeria ovoidee.
cmaccrata, see Rhynchonella emacerate.

106

BRACHIOPODA.

exigua, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,

Trenton Gr. [Sig. small.]
eximia, see Stenoschisma eximia.
extans, see Camarella extans.
flabella, syn. for Leptocoelia hemispherica.
flabellites, see Leptocoelia fiabellites.
galeata, see Pentamerus galeatus.
gibbosa, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,

Clinton Gr. [Sig. gibbous, tumid.]
globuliformis, see Leiorhynchus globuli-

formis.
Jiemiplicata, see Camarella hemiplieata.
hemispherica, see Leptocoelia hemispher-
ica.
hirsuta, see Trematospira hirsuta.
hystrix, Hall, 1843, Geo. Rep. 4th Dist.

N. Y., Chemung Gr. [Sig. covered

with spines.]
impressa, Hall, 1857, 10th Peg. Pep.,

Schoharie grit. [Sig. impressed.]
impressa, Shaler. The name was preoc-
cupied.
increbescens, syn. for Rhynchonella capax.
inflata, Conrad, 1843, Geo. Rep. 3rd Dist.

N. Y., Catskill Gr. [Sig. inflated.]
intermedia, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y, vol. 2,

Clinton Gr. [Sig. intermediate.]
interplicata, see Anastrophia interplicata.
lasevis, see Merista laevis.
lamellata, see Rhynchonella lamellata.
latkosta, Phillips, 1841, (Terebratula lati-

costa) Pal. Foss. Devonian. [Sig.

wide-ribbed.] This species is not

clearly identified in America.
lentiformis, syn. for Atrypa reticularis.
limilaris, see Leiorhynchus limitaris.
marginalis (?), Dalman, 1827, (Terebra-
tula marginalis) Vet. Acad., Niagara

Gr. [Sig. bordered.]
medialis, see Eatonia medialis.
mesacostalis, see Leiorhynchus mesacos-

talis.
modesta, see Zygospira modesta.
nasuta, see Meristella nasuta.
naviformis, Hall, 1843, Geo. 4th Dist. N.

Y., Clinton Gr. [Sig. resembling a

boat.]
neglecta, see Rhynchonella neglecta.
niiida, see Meristina nitida.
nitida var. oblata, see Meristina nitida var.

oblata.
nodostriata, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol.

2, Niagara Gr. [Sig. rough and

striated.]
nucleolata, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,

Coralline limestone. [Ety. nucleus, a

kernel; latus, wide.]
nucleus, see Camarella nucleus,
oblata, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,

Medina Gr. [Sig. oblate.]
obtusiplicata, see Rhynchonella obtusipli-

cata.
octocostata, see Pentamerella arata.
peculiaris, see Eatonia peculiaris.
planoconvexa, see Leptocoelia planocon-

■ vexa.
plebeia, Conrad, 1843, Geo. Rep. 3rd Dist.
' N. Y., Ham. Gr. Preoccupied name.

pleiopleura, see Rhynchonella pleiopleura.

plena, see Rhynchonella plena.

plicata, see Rhynchonella plicata.

plicatella (?), see Rhynchonella plicatella.

plicatula, see Rhynchonella plicatula.

plicifera, see Rhynchonella plicifera.

poliia, see Athyris polita.

prisca, syn. for Atrypa reticularis.

pseudomarginalis, Hall, 1860, 13th Reg.
Rep., Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. false-
. • marginecl.]

quadricostata, Hall, 1843, see Rhyncho-
nella quadricostata.

quadricostata, Hall, 1852, see Rhyncho-
nella quadricostata.

rectiplicata, Conrad, 1842, Jour. Acad.
Nat. Sci., vol. 8, Low. Held. Gr. [Sig.
straight-plicated.]

recurvirostra, see Rhynchonella recurvi-
rostra.

reticularis, Linnaeus, 1767, (Anomia reti-
cularis) Syst. Nat., ed. 12. It occurs
with its varieties in all the Groups of
the Upper Silurian and Devonian
formations except the Oriskany sand-
stone. Some of its varieties or syn-
onyms are Atrypa affinis, A. lenti-
formis, A. prisca, A. tribulis, Hippari-
onyx consimilaris, etc. [Sig. reticu-
lated.]

robusta, see Rhynchonella robusta.

rostrata, see Meristella rostrata.

rugosa, see Rhynchonella rugosa.

scitula, see Meristella scitula.

semiplicata, see Rhynchonella semiplicata.

singularis, see Eatonia singularis.

soi-dida, see Rhynchonella sordida.

spinosa, Hall, 1843, Geo. 4th Dist. N. Y.,
Cornif., Ham., Tully & Chemung Gr.
Equal to Atrypa aspera var. occiden-
talis.

subcuboides, D'Orbigny, see Rhynchonella
venustula.

subtrigonalis, see Rhynchonella subtrigon-
ahs.

sulcata, see Merista sulcata.

tenuilineata, Hall, 1843, Geo. 4th Dist.
N. Y., Chemung Gr. [Ety. tenuis,
fine ; lineatus, lined.]

tribidis, syn. for Atrypa reticularis.

iumida, see Athyris tumida.

unguiformis, syn. for Orthis hipparionyx.

unisulcata, see Meristella unisulcata.
Aulosteges, Helmerson, 1847, Bull, de la
Classe Physi. Math. Acad. Sci. St.
Petersburg. [Ety. aulos, a tube;
stege, a chamber.]

guadalupensis, Shumard, 1858, Trans. St.
Louis Acad. Sci., Permian Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]

spondyliformis, White & St. John, 1868,
Trans. Chi. Acad. Sci., Up. Coal Meas.
[Sig. vertebra-formed.]
Brachymerus,. Shaler. The name was pre-
occupied for a genus of Coleoptera.
See Anastrophia.

BRACHIOPQDA.

107

Brachyprion geniculatum, see Strophomena

geniculate.
leda, see Strophomena leda.
ventricosum, see Strophomena ventricosa.
Calceola, Lamarck, 1801, Syst. des Anim.

sans. Vert. [Ety. calceola, a slipper.]
americana, Safford, syn. for C. tennes-

seensis.
plicata, Conrad, 1840, Ann. Rep. N. Y.,

Held. Gr. [Ety. from the plications

toward the aperture.]
sandalina, Lamarck, as identified by

Troost, see C. tennesseensis.
tennesseensis, Roemer, 1852, Lethse.Geog-

nost., Niagara Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Camarella, Billings, August, 1859, Can. Nat

& Geol., vol.4. [Ety. kamara, arching

chamber; eUa, diminutive.]
ambigua, Hall, 1847, (Atrypa ambigua)

Pal. N. Y., vol. 1, Trenton Gr. [Sig.

doubtful.]
antiquata, Billings, 1861, Pal. Foss., vol.

1, Potsdam Gr. [Sig. very ancient.]
bisulcata, Emmons, 1842, (Orthis bisul-

cata) Geo. Rep. N. Y., Trenton Gr.

[Sig. double-furrowed.]
breviplicata, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol.

1, Quebec Gr. [Sig. short-plicated.]
calcifera, Billings, 1861, Can. Nat. &Geo.,

vol. 6, Calcif. Gr. [Ety. from the Cal-

ciferous Group.]
circulus, Hall, 1847, (Atrypa circulus)

Pal. N. Y., vol. 1, Trenton Gr. [Sig.

circular.]
congesta, Conrad, 1842, (Atrypa congesta)

Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. 8, Clinton

Gr. [Sig. a heap.]
costata, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Quebec Gr. [Sig. ribbed.]
cuspidata, Hall, 1847, (Atrypa cuspidata)

Pal. N. Y., vol. 1, Trenton Gr. [Sig.

pointed.]
extans, Emmons, 1842, (Atrypa extans)

Geo. Rep. N. Y., Trenton Gr. [Sig.

standing out.]
hemiplicata, Hall, 1847, (Atrypa hemi-

plicata) Pal. N. Y., vol. 1, Trenton Gr.

[Sig. half-plicated.]
lenticularis, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil.

Foss. Antic, Anticosti Gr. [Sig. len-
ticular.]
longirostra, Billings, 1859, Can. Nat. and

Geo., vol. 4, Chazy Gr. [Sig. long-
beaked.]
nucleus, Hall, 1847, (Atrypa nucleus)

Pal. N. Y., vol. 1, Trenton Gr. [Sig.

ops, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol. 1, Mid.
Sil. [Ely. mythological name.]

ortoni, Meek, 1872, (Dicraniscus ortoni)
Am. Jour. Sci., 3rd ser., vol. 4, Clin-
ton Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

panderi, Billings, 1859, Can. Nat. and
Geo., vol. 4, Black Riv. Gt. [Ety.
proper name.]

parva, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,
Quebec Gr. [Sig. small.]

polita, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Quebec Gr. [Sig. smoothed.]
reverm, see Anastrophia reversa.
varia-ns, Billings, 1859, Can. Nat. and

Geo., vol. 4, Chazy Gr. [Sig. variable.]
volborthi, Billings, 1859, Can. Nat. and

Geo., vol. 4, Black Riv. Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
Camarium, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y, vol. 3.

[Ety. kamara, arching septum.]
elongatum, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. elongated.]
typum, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y, vol. 3,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. type of the

genus.]
Cajierophoria, King, 1844, Ann: & Mag.

Nat. Hist., vol. 14. [Ety. kamara, an

arched chamber ; phoreo, I carry.]
bisulcata, Shumard, 1858, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., Permian Gr. [Sig. double

furrowed.]
eucharis, Hall, 1867, Pal. N. Y, vol. 4,

Corniferous Gr. [Sig. graceful.]
globulina, Phillips, 1844, as identified by

Geinitz, is Rhynchonella uta.
schlotheimi, Von Buch, 1834, (Terebra-

tulitesschlotheimi) Ueber Terebratel.,

Permian Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

This is the type of the genus,
subtrigona, Meek & Worthen, 1860,

(Rhynchonella subtrigona) Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Keokuk Gr.

[Sig. somewhat three-cornered.]
swalloviana, Shumard, 1859, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., Permian Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
Centroxella, Billings, 1859, Can. Nat. &

Geo., vol. 4. [Ety. a little point.]
allii, Winchell, 1865, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci., Chemung Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
alveata, Hall, 1857, (Rhynchonella al-

veata) 10th Reg. Rep., Onondaga Gr.

[Sig. channeled.]
anna, Hartt, 1868, Acad. Geol., Low.

Carb. [Ety. proper name.]
billingsiana, Meek & Worthen, 1868, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 3, Niagara Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
glansfagea, Hall, 1857, (Rhynchonella

glansfagea) 10th Reg. Rep., Schoharie

grit, Cornif. Gr. and Oriskany sand-
stone. [Ety. glans, an acorn ; fagea,

beech tree.]
glaucia, Hall, 1867, Pal. N. Y, vol. 4,

Ham. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
hecate, Billings, 1861, Can. Jour. vol. 6,

Up. Held. Gr. [Ety. mythological

name.]
impressa, Hall, 1861, 14th Reg. Rep.,

Ham. Gr. [Sig. impressed.] Prof.

Billings says this is a syn. for C. hecate.
julia, Winchell, 1862, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci., vol. 14, Marshall Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
ovata, Hall, 1867, Pal. N. Y., vol. 4, Up.

Held. Gr. [Sig. egg-shaped.]

108

BRACHIOPODA.

CharioneUa, Billings, 1861, Can. Jour. Ind.

Sci. and Art. Prof. Hall regards this

name as a syn. for Meristella.
circe, syn. for Meristella seitula.
doris, see Meristella doris.
(?) hyale, see Meristella hyale.
Chonktes, Fischer, 1837, G-ryckt. Moscou.

[Ety. chone, a little cup. J
acutiradiata, Hall, 1843, (Strophomena

acutiradiata) Geo. Rep. 4th Dist. N.

Y., Cornif. Gr. [Sig. sharp-radiated.]
antiope, Billings, 1874, Pal. Foss., vol. 2,

Low. Devonian. [Ety. mythological

name.] «
arcuata, Hall, 1857, 10th Reg. Rep.,Cornif.

Gr. [Sig. bent.]
armata, DeKoninck, the specimens re-
ferred to this species belong to C.

pusilla.]
canadensis, Billings, 1874, Pal. Foss., vol.

2, Devonian. [Ety. proper name.]
carinata, Conrad, 1842, (Strophomena

carinata) Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. 8,

Ham. Gr. [Sig. carinated.]

" Reg. Kep.,
Oriskany sandstone. [Sig. smoothed.]

complanata, Hall, 1857, 10th Reg. Rep.,

cornuta, Hall, 1843, (Strophomena cor

nuta) Geo. Rep. 4th Dist. N. Y., Clin-
ton Gr. [Sig. horned.]
dawsoni, Billings, 1874, Pal. Foss., vol. 2,

Low. Devonian. [Ety. proper name.]
deflecta, Hall, 1857, 10th Reg. Rep., Ham.

Gr. [Sig. bent down.]
emmetensis, Winchell, 1866, Rep. Low.

Peninsula Mich., Ham. Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
fischen, Norwood & Pratten, 1854, Jour.

Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. 3, Kinderhook Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
flemingi, Norwood & Pratten, 1854, Jour.

Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. 3, Permian Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
geniculata, White, 1862, Proc. Bost. Soc.

Nat. Hist., vol. 9, Chemung Gr. [Sig.

bent, geniculated.]
gibbosa, syn. for C. deflecta.
glabra, Hall, 1857, 10th Reg. Rep., Up.

Held. Gr. [Sig. smooth.]
glabra, Geinitz, 1866, Carb. und Dyas.

The name was preoccupied,
granulifera, Owen, 1852, Geo.' Rep. Wis.,

Iowa and Minn., Coal Meas. [Sig.

granule-bearing. ]
hemispherica, Hall, 1857, 10th Reg. Rep.,

Schoharie grit and Cornif. Gr. [Sig.

hemispherical.]
illinoisensis, Worthen, 1860, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., Chester Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
iowensis, Owen, 1852, Geo. Rep. Iowa,

Wis. and Minn., Carb. [Ety. proper

name.]
koninckiana, Norwood & Pratten, 1854,

Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. 3, Devonian.

[Ety. proper* name.]
laticosta, syn. for C. mucronata.
lepida, Hall, 1857, 10th Reg. Rep. Mar-

cellus shale & Ham. Gr. [Sig. pretty.]

lineata, Conrad, 183 9, ( Strophomena

lineata) Ann. Geo. Rep. N. Y., Cor-
nif erous Gr. [Sig. lined.]
littoni, Norwood & Pratten, 1854, Jour.

Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. 3, Ham. Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
logani, Norwood & Pratten, 1854, Jour.

Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. 3, Burlington Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
logani var. aurora, Hall, 1867, Pal. N. Y.,

vol. 4, Tully limestone & Ham. Gr.

[Sig. the morning.]
maclurii, Norwood & Pratten, 1854, Jour.

Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. 3, Ham. Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
martini, Norwood & Pratten, 1854, Jour.

Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. 3, Ham. Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
melonica, Billings, 1874, Pal. Foss., vol.

2, Devonian. [Sig. a small melon.]
mesoloba, Norwood & Pratten, 185 4,

Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. 3, Coal

Meas. [Sig. middle-lobed.]
michiganensis, Stevens, 1858, Am. Jour.

Sci., vol. 25, Low. Carb. [Ety. proper

name.]
millepunctata, Meek & Worthen, 1870,

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Coal Meas.

[Sig. many-dotted.]
minima, Hall, 1876, 28th Reg. Rep. Ni-
agara Gr. [Sig. least.]
mucronata, Hall, 1843, Geo. Rep. 4th

Dist. N. Y., Cornif erous & Ham. Gr.

[Sig. sharp-pointed.]
mucronata, Meek & Hayden, 1858, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci., Coal Meas. This

name was preoccupied, moreover it

is a syn. for C. granulifera.
multicosta, Winchell, 1863, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci., Chemung Gr. [Sig. many-
ribbed.]
muricata, Hall,' 1867, Pal. N. Y., vol. 4,

Chemung Gr. [Sig. like the shell

Murex.]
nova-scotica, Hall, 1860, Can. Nat. &Geo.,

vol. 5, Up. Sil. [Ety. proper name.]
ornata, Shumard, 1855, Geo. of Mo., Che-
mung Gr. [Sig. ornamented.]
parva, Shumard, 1855, Geo. of Mo., Coal

Meas. [Sig. small.]
permiana, Shumard, 1858, Trans. St.Louis

Acad. Sci., Permian Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
planumbona, Meek & Worthen, 1860,

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Keokuk Gr.

[Sig. smooth on the umbo.]
platynota, White, 1874, Rep. Invert.

Foss., Low. Carb. [Ety. platys, broad;

notos, ridge.]
pulchella, Winchell, 1862, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci., Marshall Gr. [Sig. beauti-
ful.]
pusilla, Hall, 1857, 10th Reg. Rep., Ham.

Gr. [Sig. very small.]
seitula, Hall, 1857, 10th Reg. Rep., Ham.

Gr. [Sig. pretty.]

BRACHIOPODA.

109

setigera, Hall, 1843, (Strophomena seti

gera) Geo. Rep. 4th Dist. N. Y.,Ham

& Chemung Gr. [Sig. having bristles."
shumardiana, DeKoninck, 1847, Recher

ches sur les Anim. Foss., Low. Carb

[Ety. proper name.]
smithi, Norwood & Pratten, 1854, Jour

Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. 3, Coal Meas,

[Ety. proper name.]
syrtalis, syn. for C. carinata.
tenuistriata, Hall, 1860, Can. Nat. and

Geo., vol. 5, Up. Sil. [Sig. fine-lined.]
tuomeyi, Norwood & Pratten, 1854, Jour.

Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. 3, Ham. Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
variolata, DeKoninck, 1847, Recher.

Anim. Foss., Coal Meas. [Sig. spotted

with pimples.]
verneuiliana, Norwood & Pratten, 1854,

Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. 3, Coal

Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
yandelliana, Hall, 1857,10th Reg. Rep.,

Corniferous Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Ccelospira, Hall, 1858, Trans. Alb. Inst.,

vol. 4. [Ety. kailos, hollow ; spira, a

spire.]
concava, Hall, 1859, (Leptoccelia concava)

Pal. N. Y., vol. 3, Corniferous Gr.

[Sig. concave.]
dichotoma, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Oriskany sandstone. [Sig. dividing

into two.]
disparilis, Hall, 1852, (Atrypa disparilis)

Pal. N. Y., vol. 2, Niagara Gr. [Sig.

different, unequal.]
Crania, Retzius, 1781, Schriften der Berliner

Gesellschaft Naturforschende Freund.

[Ety. kranicm, the upper part of a

skull.]
acadiensis, Hall, 1860, Can. Nat. & Geo.,

vol. 5, Up. Sil. [Ety. proper name.]
aurora, Hall, 1863, 16th Reg. Rep. Scho-
harie Grit. [Sig. morning.]
bella, Billings, 1874, Pal. Foss., vol. 2,

passage beds between Upper Sil. &

Devonian. [Sig. beautiful.]
bordeni, Hall, 1872, 24th Reg. Reg., De-
vonian. [Ety. proper name.]
corrugata, Hall, 1843, (Orbicula corru-

gatus) Geo. Rep. N. Y., Niagara Gr.

[Sig. corrugated.]
crenistriata, Hall, 1860, 13th Reg. Rep.,

Ham. Gr. [Sig. convex-lined.]
deformata, Hall, 1847, (Orbicula deform-

ata) Pal. N. Y., vol. 1, Chazy Gr.

[Sig. deformed.] Is it a Crania ?
dyeri, S. A. Miller, 1875, Cin. Quar. Jour.

Sci., vol. 2, Cin'ti Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
excentrica, Emmons, 1856, (Orbicula ex-

centrica) Am. Geol., Quebec Gr. [Sig.
. from the center.]
famelica, Hall, 1873, 23rd Reg. Rep., Che-
mung Gr. [Sig. famished.]
gregaria, Hall, 1863, 16th Reg. Rep., Ham.

Gr. [Sig. occurring in flocks.]
hamiltonise, Hall, 1860, 13th Reg. Rep.,

Ham. Gr. LEty. proper name.]

Mia, Hall, 1866, Pamphlet, Cin'ti Gr.
[Ety. proper name.]

leoni. Hall, I860, 13th Reg. Rep. N. Y.,
Chemung Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

modesta, White & St. John, 1868, Trans.
Chi. Acad. Sci., Coal Meas. [Sig. not
large, modest.]

multipunctata, S. A. Miller, 1875, Cin.
Quar. Jour. Sci.,vol. 2, Cin'ti Gr. [Sig.
many-dotted.]

permiana, Shumard, 185 9, Trans. St.
Louis Acad. Sci., Permian Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]

prima, Owen, 1852, (Orbicula prima) Geo.
Sur. Iowa, Wis. & Minn., Potsdam
Gr. [Sig. first.]

quadricostata, Vanuxem, 1842, (Orbicula
quadricostata) Geo. Rep. 3rd Dist. N.
Y., Genessee slate. [Sig. four-ribbed.]

radicans, Winchell, 1866, Rep. Low. Pen-
insula Mich., Ham. Gr. [Sig. rooting;
in allusion to the spines on the exte-
rior.]

reposita, White, 1866, Proc. Bost. Soc.
Nat. Hist., vol. 9, Ham. Gr. [Sig.
remote, distant.]

reticularis, S. A. Miller, 1875, Cin. Quar.
Jour. Sci., vol. 2, Cin'ti Gr. [Sig. ret-
iculated.]

scabiosa, Hall, 1866, Pamphlet, Cin'ti
Gr. [Sig. scabby.]

setifera. Hall, 1863, Trans. Alb. Inst., vol.
4, Niagara Gr. [Sig. bearing bristles.]

setigera, Hall, 1866, Pamphlet, Trenton
Gr. [Sig. having bristles.]

sheldoni, White, 1862, Proc. Bost. Soc.
Nat. Hist., vol. 9, Ham. Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]

siluriana, Hall, 1863, Trans. Alb. Inst.,
vol. 4, Niagara Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]

tenuilamellata, Hall, 1852, (Orbicula ten-
uilamellata) Pal. N. Y., vol. 2, Niag-
ara Gr. [Sig. having very thin plates.]
This species is also classed with the
Discina.

trentonensis, Hall, 1866, Pamphlet, Tren-
ton Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

truncata, Emmons, 1856, (Orbicula trun-
cata) Am. Geol., Trenton Gr. [Sig.
truncated.]
Cryptonella, Hall, 1861, 14th Reg. Rep.
[Sig. a little cavity.] Prof. Billings
regarded this as a synonym for Chari-
onella.]

calvini, Hall, 1870, 23rd Reg. Rep. N. Y,
Chemung Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

eudora, Hall, 1867, Pal. N. Y, vol. 4,
Chemung Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

iphis, Hall, 1867, Pal. N. Y, vol. 4, Cor-
niferous Gr. [Ety. mythological
name.]

lens, see Terebratula lens.

UnckUeni, see Terebratula lincklaeni.

planirostra, Hall, 1860, (Terebratula
planirostra) 13th Reg. Rep., Ham. Gr.
[Sig. smooth-beaked.]

110

BRACHIOPODA.

rectirostra, Hall, 1860, (Terebratula reeti-
rostra) 13th Reg. Rep. Ham. Gr. [Sig.
straight-beaked.]
Cyetia, Dalman, 1827, Kongl. Vet. Acad.
Handl. [E t y . kyrtia, a fishing
basket.]

acutirostris, see Cyrtina acutirostris.

biplicata, see Cyrtina biplicata.

curvilineata, see Cyrtina curvilineata.

dalmani, see Cyrtina dalmani.

exporrecta, Wahlenberg, 1821, Nova.
Acta. Regise. Soc. Sci., vol. 8, Niagara
Gr., as identified by Hall in 24th Reg.
Rep. [Sig. smooth, without wrinkles.]

exporrecta var. arrecta, Niagara Gr., as
identified by Hall in 24th Reg. Rep.
[Sig. erected, steep.]

hamiltonensis, see Cyrtina hamiltonensis.

rnissouriemis, see Cyrtina missouriensis.

myrtea, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,
Mid. Sil. [Ety. proper name.]

occidentalis, see Cyrtina occidentalis.

rostrata, see Cyrtina rostrata.

triquetra, see Cyrtina triquetra.

umbonata, see Cyrtina umbonata.

Cyrtina, Davidson, 1858, Monog. Brit. Carb.

Brach. [Ety. the dimniutive of Cyrtia

is Cyrtidium, but the author said he

preferred bad Greek to a long name.]

acutirostris, Shumard, 1855, (Cyrtia
acutirostris) Geo. Rep. Mo., Chemung
Gr. [Sig. sharp-beaked.]

affinis, Billings, 1874, Pal. Foss., vol. 2,
Devonian. [Sig. near to.]

billingsi, Meek, 1868, Trans. Chi. Acad.
Sci., Ham. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

biplicata, Hall, 1857, (Cyrtia biplicata)
10th Reg. Rep., Schoharie grit and
Cornif. Gr. [Sig. double-plicated.]

crassa, Hall, 1867, Pal. N. Y., vol. 4,
Cornif. Gr. [Sig. thick.]

curvilineata, White, 1865, (Cyrtia curvi-
lineata) Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.,
vol. 9, Ham. Gr. [Sig. having bent
lines.]

dalmani, Hall, 1857, (Cyrtia dalmani)
10th Reg. Rep., Low. Held. Gr. [Sig.
proper name.]

hamiltonensis, Hall, 1857, (Cyrtia hamil-
tonensis) 10th Reg. Rep., Schoharie
grit, Cornif. and Ham. Gr. [Ety.
from the Hamilton group.]

hamiltonensis var. recta, Hall, 1867, Pal.
N. Y.,vol. 4, Ham. Gr. [Sig. straight.]

missouriensis, Swallow, 1860, (Cyrtia mis-
souriensis) Trans. St. Louis Acad.
Sci., Ham. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

occidentalis, Swallow, 1860, (Cyrtia occi-
dentalis) Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci.,
Ham. Gr. [Sig. western.]

panda, Meek, 1868, Trans. Chi. Acad.
Sci., Ham. Gr. [Sig. bent downwards.]

pyramidalis, Hall, 1852, (Spirifer pyra-
midalis) Pal. N. Y., vol. 2, Niagara
Gr. [Sig. pointed like a pyramid.]

rostrata, Hall, 1857, (Cyrtia rostrata) 10th
Reg. Rep., Oriskany sandstone. [Sig.
beaked.]

triquetra, Hall, 1858, (Cyrtia triquetra)
Geo. Rep. Iowa, vol. 1, pt. 2, Ham.
Gr. [Sig. a triangle.]

umbonata, Hall, 1858, (Cyrtia umbonata)
Geo. Rep. Iowa, vol. 1, pt. 2, Ham.
Gr. [Sig. protuberant, bossed.]
Delthyris, Dalman, 1827, syn. for Spirifera.

acanthoptera, syn. for Spirifera disjuncta.

acuminata, Conrad, see Spirifera acumi-
nata.

acuminata, Hall, syn. for Spirifera mesa-
costalis.

acutilirata, see Orthis acutilirata.

arenosa, see Spirifera arenosa.

audacula, see Spirifera audacula.

bialveata, see Spirifera bialveata.

bilobata, see Orthis bilobata.

brachynota, see Spirifera brachynota.

chemungensis, syn. for Spirifera disjuncta.

congesta,. see Spirifera congesta.

cuspidata, syn. for Spirifera disjuncta.

decemplicata, see Spirifera decern plicata.

deltoidea, syn. for Orthis lynx.

disjuncta, see Spirifera disjuncta.

duodenaria, see Spirifera duodenaria.

duplicata, see Spirifera duplicata.

euruteines, see Spirifera euruteines.

expansa, see Pterotheca expansa.

jimbriata, see Spirifera fimbriata.

granulifera, see Spirifera granulifera.

granulosa, see Spirifera granulosa.

inermis, see Spirifera disjuncta.

Isevis, see Spirifera kevis.

macronota, see Spirifera macronota.

macropleura, see Spirifera macropleura.

medialis, see Spirifera medialis.

mesacostalis, see Spirifera mesacostalis.

mesastrialis, see Spirifera mesastrialis.

microptera, syn. for Orthis lynx.

mucronata, see Spirifera mucronata.

niagarensis, see Spirifera niagarensis.

pachyoptera, see Spirifera pachyoptera.

perlata, see Spirifera disjuncta.

prolata, see Spirifera prolata.

prora, see Spirifera prora.

radiatus, see Spirifera radiata.

raricosta., see Spirifera raricosta.

rugatina, see Spirifera rugatina.

sculptilis, see Spirifera sculptilis.

staminea, see Spirifera staminea.

triloba, see Spirifera triloba.

undulatus, see Spirifera undulata.

varica, see Orthis varica.

ziezac, see Spirifera ziczac.
Dicraniscus, Meek, syn. for Camarella.

ortoni, see Camarella ortoni.
Dinobolus, Hall, March, 1871, notes on
Brachiopoda. [Ety. dis, twice ; Obolus,
a genus of shells.]

canadensis, Billings, 1857, (Obolus cana-
densis) Rep. of Progr. Can. Sur., Black
Riv. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

conradi, Hall, 1868, (Obolus conradi) 20th
Reg. Rep. N. Y., Niagara Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]

galtensis, Billings, 1872, (Obolellina galt-
ensis) Guelph Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]

BRACHIOPODA.

Ill

magnificus, Billings, 18 72, (Obolellina

magnifica) Canadian Naturalist, vol.

7, Black Riv. Gr. [Sig. magnificent.]
Discina, Lamarck, 1819, Hist. Nat. Anim.

sans. Vert. [ Ety. discus, a flat round

plate ; the termination inns, imply-
ing resemblance.]
acadica, Hartt, 18(58, Acad. Geol., St.

John's Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
alleghania, Hall, 1860, 13th Reg. Rep.,

Chemung Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
ampla, Hall, 1867, Pal. N. Y., vol. 4,

Oriskany sandstone. [Sig. full sized.]

Proposed instead of D. grandis of Hall,
capax, White, 1862, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat.

Hist., vol. 9, Chemung Gr. [Sig.

capacious.]
caputiformis, syn. for D. nitida.
circe, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Trenton Gr. [Ety. mythological

name.] See remarks on D. lamellosa.
conradi, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Low. Held. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
convexa, Shumard, 1858, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., Coal Meas. [Sig. convex.]
discus, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3, Low.

Held. Gr. [Sig. a quoit.]
doria, Hall, 1863, 16th Reg. Rep., Ham.

Gr. [Ety. mythological name.]
elmira, Hall, 1863, 16th Reg. Rep., Che-
mung Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
gallaheri, Winchell, 1865, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci., Marshall Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
grandis, Vanuxem, 1842, Geo. Rep. 3rd

Dist. N. Y., Cornif. & Ham. Gr. [Sig.

great.]
grandis, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3.

The name was preoccupied. See D.

ampla.
humilis, Hall, 1863, 16th Reg. Rep.,

Marcellus slate & Ham. Gr. [Sig.

dwarfish.]
inutilis, Hall, 1863, 16th Reg. Rep., Pots-
dam Gr. [Sig. trifling.]
lamellosa, Hall, 1847, (Orbicula lamellosa).

The name was preoccupied by Brod-

erick in 1833. Billings has described

it as D. circe.
lodensis, Vanuxem, 1842, (Orbicula lo-

densis) Geo. Rep. 3rd Dist. N. Y.,

Genessee slate. [Ety. proper name.]
media, Hall, 1863, 16th Reg. Rep., Ham.

and Chemung Gr. [Sig. intermediate.]
minuta, Hall, 1843, (Orbicula minuta)

Geo. Rep. 4th Dist. N. Y., Marcellus

shale. [Sig. very small.]
missouriensis, Shumard, 1858, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., Coal Meas. Syn. for

D. nitida.
neglecta, Hall, 1863, 16th Reg. Rep.,

Chemung Gr. [Sig. overlooked.]
newberryi, Hall, 1863, 16th Reg. Rep.,

Chemung Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
nitida, Phillips, 1836, (Orbicula nitida)

Geo. of York., Coal Meas. [Sig. neat,

smooth.]

patellaris, Winchell, 1863, Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci., Chemung Gr. [Sig. a small
plate.]

pelopea, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,
Trenton Gr. [Ety. mythological
name.]

pleuritis, Meek, 1875, Ohio Pal., vol. 2,
Waverly Gr. [Ety. from pleuron, the
side.]

randalli, Hall, 1863, 16th Reg. Rep., Ham.
Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

seneca, Hall, 1863, 16th Reg. Rep., Ham.
Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

subtrigonalis, McChesney, 1865, Desc.
New Pal. Foss., Coal Meas. [Sig.
somewhat triangular.]

tenuilamellata, Hall, 1852, (Orbicula ten-
uilamellata) Pal. N. Y., vol. 2, Niag-
ara Gr. [Sig. having very thin plates.]

tenuilamellata, var. subplana, Hall, 1860,
Can. Nat. and Geol., vol. 5, Up. Sil.
[Sig. somewhat smooth.]

trigonalis, syn. for D. subtrigonalis.

truncata, Hall, 1862, 16th Reg. Rep.,
Chemung Gr. and Genessee slate.
[Sig. truncated.]

tullia, Hall, 1863, 16th Reg. Rep., Tully
limestone. [Ety. proper name.]

vanuxemi, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,
Low. Held. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Eatonia, Hall, 1857, 10th Reg. Rep., [Ety.
proper name.]

eminens, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,
Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. eminent, stand-
ing out.]

medialis, Vanuxem, 1843, (Atrypa medi-
alis) Geo. Rep. 3rd Dist. N. Y., Low.
Held. Gf. [Sig. middle.]

peculiaris, Conrad, 1841, (Atrypa peculi-
aris) Ann. Rep. N. Y., Oriskany and
Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. peculiar.]

pumila, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,
Oriskany sandstone. [Sig. a dwarf or
pigmy.]

singularis, Vanuxem, 1843, (Atrypa sin-
gularis) Geo. Rep. 3rd Dist. N. Y.,
Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. singular.]

sinuata, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,
Oriskany sandstone. [Sig. marked
with depressions.]

whitfieldi, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,
Oriskany sandstone. [Ety. proper
name.]
Eichwaldia, Billings, 1858, Rep. of Progr.
[Ety. proper name.]

anticostiensis, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil.
Foss. Antic, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]

concinna, Hall, 1868, 20th Reg. Rep., Ni-
agara Gr. [Sig. beautiful.]

coralifera, Hall, 1852, (Atrypa coralifera)
Pal. N. Y., vol. 2, Niagara Gr. Prof.
Davidson regards this shell as identi-
cal with E. Capewelli, which was de-
scribed in 1848, in Bull. Soc. Geol.
France, vol. 3. [Sig. coral-bearing.]

gibbosa, Hall, 1868, 20th Reg. Rep., Ni-
agara Gr. [Sig. gibbous.]

112

BRACHIOPODA.

reticulata, Hall, 1862, (Rhynchonella (?)
reticulata) Trans. Alb. Inst., vol. 4,
Niagara Gr. [Sig. reticulated.]

subtrigonalis, Billings, 1858, Rep. of Prog.,
Black Riv. Gr. [Sig. somewhat three-
cornered.]
Gonioccelia, syn. for Pentagonia.
Gypidula, Hall, 1867, Pal. N. Y., vol. 4.
[Ety. gyps, vulture ; in allusion to the
strongly incurved beak.]

laeviuscula, Hall, 1867, Pal. N. Y., vol. 4,
Devonian. [Sig. slightly smooth.]

obsolescent, see Pentamerella obsolescens.

occidentalis, Hall, 1858, (Pentamerus oc-
cidentalis) Geo. Rep. Iowa, vol. 1, pt.
2, Ham. Gr. [Sig. western.]
Hemipronites, Pander, 1830. This name, never
having been defined, has been super-
seded by Streptorhynchus, if the two
names refer to the same form.
Hipparionyx, Vanuxem, 1842, Geo. 3rd Dist.
N. Y. [Sig. colts hoof.] Syn. for Or-
this. The genus was founded on a
cast.

comimilis, Vanuxem, syn. for Atrypa ret-
icularis.

proximm, syn. for Orthis hipparionyx.

similaris, Vanuxem, 1842, Geo. Rep. 3rd
Dist. N. Y., Oriskany sandstone. [Sig.
similar.]
Iphidea, Billings, 1874, Pal. Foss., vol. 2.
[Ety. proper name.]

bella, Billings, '1874, Pal. Foss., vol. 2,
Potsdam Gr. [Sig. beautiful.]

labradoricus, Billings, 1861, (Obolus lab-
radoricus) Pal. Foss., vol. 1, Potsdam
Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

sculptilis, Meek, 1872, Hayden's Geo.
Rep., Quebec Gr. [Sig. carved.]
Koninckia, Suess, 1853. MS. published by
Woodward, 1854, in Manual of Mol-
lusca. [Ety. proper name.]

americana, Swallow, 1863, Trans. St. Louis
Acad. Sci., Low. Carb. [Ety. proper
name.]
Kutobgina, Billings, 1861, Pal. Foss., vol. 1.
[Ety. proper name.]

cingulata, Billings, 1861, Pal. Foss, vol. 1,

Potsdam Gr. [Sig. encircled with

lines.]

Lkioehynchus, Hall, 1860, 13th Reg. Rep.

[Ety. leios, smooth ; rhynchos, a beak.]

dubius, Hall, 1867, Pal. N. Y., vol. 4,
Marcellus shale. [Sig. doubtful.]

globuliformis, Vanuxem, 1842, (Atrypa
globuliformis) Geo., 3rd Dist. N. Y.,
Chemung Gr. [Sig. in the form of a
globe.]

huronensis, Nicholson, 1874, Geo.
Lond., n. s., vol. 1, Ham. Gr.
proper name.]

iris, Hall, 1867, Pal. N. Y., vol. 4
mung Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

kelloggi, Hall, 1867, Pal. N. Y., vol. 4,
Chemung Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

limitaris, Vanuxem, 1842, (Orthis limi-
taris) Geo. 3rd Dist. N. Y., (Atrypa
limitaris, 4th Dist. N. Y.) Marcellus

Mag.

[Ety.

Che-

shale. [Ety. supposed to be limited

to, and to characterize, the Marcellus

shale.]

mesacostalis, Hall, 1843, (Atrypa

costalis) Geo. 4th Dist.

Che-

mung Gr. [Sig. middle-ribbed.]
multicosta, Hall, 1860, 13th Reg. Rep.,

Ham. Gr. [Sig. many-ribbed.]
mysia, Hall, 1867, Pal. N. Y., vol. 4, Mar-
cellus shale. [Ety. proper name.]
newberryi, Hall, 1873, 23rd Reg. Rep.,

Chemung Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
quadricostatus, Vanuxem, 1842, (Orthis

quadricostata) Geo. 3rd Dist. N. Y.,

Genessee slate. [Sig. four-ribbed.]
sesquiplicatus, Winchell, 1866, Rep. Low.

Penin. Mich., Ham. Gr. [Sig. a pli-
cation and a half.]
sinuatus, Hall, 1867, Pal. N. Y., vol. 4,

Chemung Gr. [Sig. wavy.]
Lept^na, Dalman, 1827, Kongl. Vet. Acad.

Handl. [Ety. leptos, thin.]
alternata, see Strophomena alternata.
alternistriata, see Strophomena alternis-

triata.
analoga, see Strophomena analoga.
aspera, James, syn. for L. sericea.
bipartite, see Strophomena bipartita.
earner ata, see Strophomena camerata.
concava, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. concave.]
decipiens, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Quebec Gr. [Sig. doubtful.]
deflecta, see Streptorhynchus deflecta.
deltoidea, see Strophomena deltoidea.
depressa, see Strophomena depressa.
fasciata, see Strophomena fasciata.
filitexta, see Strophomena filitexta.
frugaria, syn. for Prod uctella subaculeata.
incrassata, see Strophomena incrassata.
indenta, see Strophodonta indenta.
laticosta, syn. for Tropidoleptus carinatus.
membranacea, see Productella hirsuta.
mesacosta, Shumard, 1855, Geo. Rep.

Mo., Trenton Gr. [Sig. middle-

ribbed.]
nasuta, see Strophomena nasuta.
nucleata, Hall, 1857, 10th Reg. Rep., Or-
iskany sandstone. [Sig. kerneled.]
obscura, see Strophomena obscura.
orthididea, see Strophomena orthididea.
planoconvexa, see Streptorhynchus plano-

convexa.
planumbona, see Streptorhynchus plan-

umbona.
plicifera, see Strophomena plicifera.
profunda, see Strophodonta profunda.
punctulifera, see Strophodonta punctuli-

fera.
quadrilatera, syn. for Strophomena rhom-

boidalis.
recta, see Streptorhynchus recta.
rugosa, see Strophomena rugosa.
semiovalis, syn. for L. sericea.
sericea, Sowerby, 1839, Murch. Sil. Syst.,

Trenton to Clinton Gr. [Sig. silky.]
sordida, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Quebec Gr. [Sig. paltry.]

BRACHIOPODA.

113

subtenta, see Streptorhynchus subtentus.
tenuilineata, see Strophomena tenuiline-

ata.
tenuistriata, see Strophomena tenuistriata.
transversalis, Dalman, 1827, Vet. Acad.

Handl., Anticosti Gr. [Sig. crosswise.]
trilobata, see Strophomena trilobata.
Lbptobolub, Hall, 1871, Pamphlet. [Sig.

minute Obolus.]
insignis, Hall, Pamphlet, Utica slate.

[Sitr. marked naturally.]
lepis, Hall, 1871, Pamphlet, Cin'ti Gr.

[Sig. a scale.]
occidentalis, Hall, 1871, Pamphlet, Hud.

Riv. Gr. [Sig. western.]
Leptocxklia, Hall, 1857, 10th Reg. Rep., and

1859, 12th Reg. Rep. [Ety. leptos, min-
ute ; koilia, belly ; in allusion to the

shallow visceral cavity.]
acutiplicata, Conrad, 1841, (Atrypa acuti-

plicata) Ann. Rep. N. Y., Up. Held.

Gr. [Sig. sharply-plicated.]
concava, see Ccelospira concava.
dichotoma, see Coelospira dichotoma.
disparills, see Coelospira disparilis.
fimbriate, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Oriskany sandstone. [Sig. fringed.]
flabellites, Conrad, 1841, (Atrypa flabel-

lites) Ann. Rep. N. Y., Oriskany

sandstone. [Sig. a fan.]
hemispherica, Sowerby, 1839, (Atrypa

hemispherica) Murch. Sil. Syst., Clin-
ton Gr. [Sig. hemispherical.]
imbricata, Hall, 1857, 10th Reg. Rep., Low.

Held. Gr. [Sig. imbricating lamellae

of growth.]
intermedia, Hall, 1860, Can. Nat. & Geo.,

vol. 5, Up. Sil. [Sig. intermediate.]
planoconvexa, Hall, 1852, (Atrypa piano-
con vexa) Pal. N. Y., vol. 2, Clinton Gr.

[Ety. planus, level ; convexus, convex.]
propria, syn. for Leptoccelia flabellites.
Lingula, Bruguiere, 1792, Encyc. Meth.

[Ety. lingula, a little tongue.]
acuminata, Conrad, 1839, Ann. Rep. N.

Y., Potsdam and Calcif. Gr. [Sig.

terminating sharply.]
acutirostra, Hall, 1843, Geo. Rep. 4th

Dist. N. Y., Clinton Gr. [Sig. sharp-

aequalis, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y, vol. 1,
Trenton Gr. [Sig. equal.]

alveata, Hall, 1863, 16th Reg. Rep., Ham.
Gr. [Sig. channeled.]

ampla, Owen, 1852, Geo. Sur. Wis., Iowa
and Minn., Potsdam Gr. [Sig. full-
sized.]

antiqua, Emmons, 1842, Geo. Rep. N. Y.,
Potsdam Gr. [Sig. ancient.]

antiquata, Emmons, 1856, Am. Geol.,
Trenton Gr. [Sig. ancient.]

artemus, Billings, 1874, Pal. Foss., vol. 2,
Passage beds between Up. Sil. and
Devonian. [Ety. proper name.]

attenuata, Sowerby. The fossil referred
by Hall to this species, is described by
Billings under the name of L. Daphne.

aurora, see Lingulella aurora.
15

belli, Billings, 1859, Can. Nat. Geo., vol.

4, Chazy Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
briseis, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol. 4,

Trenton Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
canadensis, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol.

1, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
carbonaria, Shumard, 1858, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., Coal Meas. [Sig.

pertaining to the Coal Measures.]
centrilineata, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol.

3, Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. the central

line from beak to base.]
ceryx, Hall, 1863, 16th Reg. Rep., Scho-
harie grit. [Sig. a herald.]
clintoni, Vanuxem, 1842, Geo. Rep. N. Y.,

Clinton Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

Syn. for L. oblonga"
cobourgensis, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss.,

vol. 1, Trenton Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
concentrica, Conrad, 1839, Ann. Rep. N.

Y, Genessee slate. [Sig. arranged in

concentric lines.]
covingtonensis, Hall & Whitfield, 1875,

Ohio Pal., vol. 2, Cin'ti Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
crassa, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1, Tren-
ton Gr. [Sig. thick.]
cuneata, Conrad, 1839, Geo. Rep. N. Y.,

Medina sandstone. [Sig. wedge-
shaped.]
curta, Conrad, 1842, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci.,

vol. 8, Trenton Gr. [Sig. short.]
cuyahoga, Hall, 1863, 16th Reg. Rep.,

Green shales, upper part of Chemung

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
cyane, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Quebec Gr. [Ety. mythological

name.]
daphne, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Trenton Gr. [Ety. mythological

name.] See L. attenuata.
delia, Hall, 1863, 16th Reg. Rep., upper

part of Ham. Gr. [Ety. mythological

name.]
densa, Hall, 1867, Pal. N. Y, vol. 4, upper

part of Ham. Gr. [Sig. thick.]
desiderata, Hall, 1863, 16th Reg. Rep.,

Corniferous Gr. [Sig. longed for,

rare.]
elegantula, syn. for Lingula quadrata.
,-n'iptica, Hall, 1843, Geo. Rep. 4th Dist.

N. Y, Clinton Gr. The name was

preoccupied by Phillips in 1836.
clliptica, Emmons, 1856, Am. Geol. The

name was preoccupied,
elongata, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,

Trenton Gr. [Sig. elongated.]
exilis, Hall, 1860, 13th Reg. Rep., Mar-

cellus shale. [Sig. thin, fine.]
eva, Billings, 1861, Can. Nat. Geo., vol. 6,

Black Riv. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
forbesi, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss. vol. 1,

Hud. Riv. & Mid. Sil. Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
halli, White, 1862, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat.

Hist., vol. 9, Burlington Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]

114

BRACHIOPODA.

huronensis, Billings, 1859, Can. Nat. Geo.,

vol. 4, Chazy & Black Riv. Gr. [Ety

proper name.]
insularis, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.

Antic, Anticosti Gr. [Sig. upon an

island.]
iole, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Quebec Gr. [Ety. mythological

name.]
irene, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Quebec Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
iris, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1, Que-
bec Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
kingstonensis, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss.,

vol. 1, Black Riv. Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
lamellata, Hall, 1843, Geo. Rep. 4th Dist,

N. Y., Clinton & Niagara Gr. [Sig.

composed of thin plates.]
leaena, Hall, 1863, 16th Reg. Rep., Ham.

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
ligea, Hall, 1860, 13th Reg. Rep., upper

part of Ham. Gr. [Ety. mythological

name.]
ligea var. Hall, 1867, Pal. N. Y., vol. 4,

Portage Gr.
lucretia, Billings, 1874, Pal. Foss., vol. 2,

Passage beds between Up. Sil. and

Devonian. [Ety. proper name.]
lyelli, Billings, 1859, Can. Nat. Geo., vol.

4, Calcif. & Chazy Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
maida, Hall, 1863, 16th Reg. Rep., Ham.

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
manni, Hall, 1863, 16th Reg. Rep., Up.

Held. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
mantelli, Billings, 1859, Can. Nat. Geo.,

vol. 4, Calcif. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
manticula, White, 1864, Rep. Invert.

Foss., Quebec Gr. [Sig. a small wal-
let.]
mathewi, Hartt, 1868, Acad. Geol., St.

Johns Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
melie, Hall, 1867, Pal. N. Y., vol. 4,

Chemung Gr. [Ety. mythological

name.]
membranacea, Winchell, 1863, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., vol. 15, Low.

Carb. [Sig. like a membrane.]
minuta, Meek, 1868, Trans. Chi. Acad.

Sci., Devonian. [Sig. very small.]
mosia, Hall, 1863, 16th Reg. Rep., Pots-
dam Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
murrayi, Billings, 1874, Pal. Foss., vol. 2,

Potsdam Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
mytiloides, Sowerby, 1812, Min. Conch.,

Tab. 19, Coal Meas. [Sig. like the

Mytilus, or mussel shell.]
nebrascensis, Meek, 1872, Pal. E. Neb.,

Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
norwoodi, James, 1875, Cin. Quar. Jour.

Sci., vol. 2, Cin'ti Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
nuda, Hall, 1863, 16th Reg. Rep., Ham.

Gr. [Sig. naked.]
nympha, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Quebec Gr. [Ety. mythological

name.]

oblata, Hall, 1843, Geo. Rep. 4th Dist. N.

Y., Clinton Gr. [Sig. oblate.]
oblonga, Conrad, 1839, Ann. Rep. N. Y.,

Clinton Gr. [Sig. rather oblong.]
obtusa, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,

Trenton Gr. [Sig. obtuse.]
ovata, McCoy, 1844, Syn. Sil. Foss., Ire-
land. Not clearly identified in Amer-
ica,
paliformis, Hall, 1860, 13th Reg. Rep.,

Ham. Gr. [Sig. shovel-like.]
papillosa, Emmons, 1856, Am. Geol.,

Trenton Gr. [Sig. covered with pim-
ples.]
perlata, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. very wide.]
perovata, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,

Clinton Gr. [Sig. very ovate or nearly

round.]
perryi, Billings, 1861, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Black Riv. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
philomela, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol.

1, Trenton Gr. [Ety. mythological

name.]
pinniformis, see Lingulepis pinniformis.
polita, see Obolella polita.
prima, see Lingulepis prima.
prima, Emmons, 1856, Am. Geol. This

name was preoccupied,
progne, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Trenton Gr. [Ety. mythological

name.]
punctata, Hall, 1863, 16th Reg. Rep., Ham.

Gr. [Sig. dotted.]
quadrata, Eichwald, 1829, Zool. Specialis.,

vol. 1, Trenton to Mid. Sil. [Ety. in

allusion to the somewhat four-sided

shape.]
quebecensis, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss.,

vol. 1, Quebec Gr. [Ety. proper

name. ]
redilatera, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. straight-sided.]

This name was preoccupied,
rectilateralis, Emmons, 1842, Geo. Rep.

N. Y., Utica slate. [Sig. straight-
sided.]
riciniformis, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,

Trenton Gr. [Sig. like a tike or tick.]
scotica, Davidson, 1860, Monogr. Scot.

Carb. Brach., Waverly Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
spathata, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. spatula-shaped.]
spatiosa, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. large.]
spatulata, Vanuxem, 1842, Geo. Rep. 3rd

and 4th Dist. N. Y., Genessee slate.

[Sig. spatula-shaped.]
subspatulata, Meek & Worthen, 1868,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 3, Ham. Gr. [Sig.

somewhat spatula-shaped.]
trentonensis, Conrad, 1842, Jour. Acad.

Nat. Sci., vol. 8, Trenton Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
umbonata, Cox, 1857, Geo. Sur. Ky., vol.

3, Coal Meas. [Sig. protuberant.]

BRACHIOPODA.

115

vanhorni, S. A. Miller, 1875, Cin. Quar.

Jour. Sci., vol. 2, Cin'ti Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
winona, Hall, 1863, 16th Reg. Rep., Pots-
dam Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Lingulella, Salter, 1861, Mem. Geo., North

Wales. TEty. dinimutive of JAngula.]
(?) affinis, Billings, 1874, Pal. Foss., vol.

2, Potsdam Gr. [Sig. near to.]
aurora, Hall, 1861, (Lingula aurora) Geo.

Rep. Wis., Potsdam sandstone. [Sig.

morning.]
cincinnatiensis, Hall & Whitfield, 1875,

Ohio Pal., vol. 2, Cin'ti Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
lamborni, Meek, 1871, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci., Potsdam Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
(?) spissa, Billings, 1874, Pal. Foss., vol.

2, Potsdam Gr. [Sig. thick.]
Lingulepis, Hall, 1863, 16th Reg. Rep. [Ety.

lingula, a little tongue; lepis, a scale.]
morsii, N. H. Winchell, 1876, (Lingula

morsensis) Geol. Fillmore Co., Minn.,

St. Peters sandstone. [Ety. proper

name — in honor of Mr. Morse.]
pinniformis, Owen, 1852, (Lingula pinni-

formis) Geo. Rep. Iowa, Wis. & Minn.

Potsdam Gr. [Sig. like the Pinna.]
prima, Conrad, 1847, (Lingula prima)

Pal. N. Y., vol. 1, Potsdam Gr. [Sig.

first.]
Lingulops, Hall, 1871 notes on Brachiopoda.

[Ety. lingula, a genus of shells ; opsis,

appearance.]
whitfieldi, Hall, 1871, notes on Brachi-
opoda, Low. Sil. [Ety. proper name.]
Maktinia, McCoy, 1844, syn. Carb. Foss.,

Ireland. [Ety. proper name.]
athyroides, Winchell, 1866, Rep. Low.

Peninsula Mich., Ham. Gr. [Ety.

resembling an athyris.]
planoconvexa, syn. for Spirifera planocon-

vexa.
Meekella, White & St. John, 1868, Trans.

Chi. Acad. Sci. [Ety. proper name.]
striato-costata, Cox, 1857, (Plicatula stri-

ato-costata) Geo. Rep. Ky., vol. 3,

Coal Meas. [Ety. striatus, lined; costa-

tus, ribbed.]
Meganteris aequiradiata, see Rensseheria aequi-

radiata.
cumberlandise, see Rensseleeria cumber-

landiae.
elliptica, see Rensselaeria elliptica.
elongata, see Amphigenia elongata.
Isevis, see Rensseleeria lsevis.
mutabilis, see Rensselaeria mutabilis.
ovalis, see Rensselaeria ovalis.
ovoides, see Rensselaeria ovoides.
subtrigonalis, see Amphigenia elongata

var. subtrigonalis.
suessiana, see Rensselseria suessiana.
Merista, Suess, 1851, Jahrb. Geol. Reichs.

Austalt. [Ety. mews, a part.]
arcuata, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. bent or arched.]

barrisi, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep., Mar-
cell us shale. [Ety. proper name.]
bella, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3, Low.

Held. Gr. [Sig. beautiful.]
bisulcata, Vanuxem, 1843, (Atrypa bisul-

cata) Geo. Rep. 3rd Dist. N. Y., Low.

Held. Gr. [Sig. double-depressed.]
doris, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep., Marcel-

lus shale. [Ety. mythological name.]
haskinsi, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep., Ham.

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
houghtoni, Winchell, 1862, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci., Portage Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
laevis, Vanuxem, 1843, (Atrypa lsevis)

Geo. Rep. 3rd Dist. N. Y., Low. Held.

Gr. [Sig. smooth.]
lata, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3, Oris-

kany sandstone. [Sig. broad.]
lens, Winchell, 1866, Rep. Low. Penin-
sula Mich., Ham. Gr. [Sig. a lentil,

here signifying a double convex Mer-
ista.]
meeki, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3, Low.

Held. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
princeps, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. primitive.]
subquadrata, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol.

3, Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. somewhat

four-cornered.]
sulcata, Vanuxem, 1842, (Atrypa sulcata)

Geo. Rep. N. Y, Water Lime Gr.

[Sig. wavy.]
Meristella, Hall, 1860, 13th Reg. Rep.

[Ety. diminutive of Merista.]
barrisi, Hall, 1860, 13th Reg. Rep., Mar-

cellus shale & Ham. Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
cylindrica, Hall, 1852, (Atrypa cylin-

drica) Pal. N. Y., vol. 2, Clinton &

Niagara Gr. [Sig. cylindrical.]
doris, 1860, Hall, 13th "Reg. Rep., Scho-
harie Grit & Coriiiferous Gr. [Ety.

mythological name.]
elissa, syn. for Meristella nasuta.
haskinsi, Hall, 1860, 13th Reg. Rep.,

Ham. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
(?) hyale, Billings, 18 62, (Charionella

(?) hyale) Pal. Foss., vol. 1, Guelph

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
julia, Billings, 1862, (Athyris julia) Pal.

Foss., vol. 1, Mid. Sil. [Ety. proper

name.]
lenta, Hall, 1867, Pal. N. Y., vol. 4, Oris-

kany sandstone. [Sig. heavy.]
maria, see Meristina maria.
meta, Hall, 1867, Pal. N. Y, vol. 4, Ham.

Gr. [Sig. having a conical form.]
multicosta, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep.,

Ham. Gr. [Sig. having many costse.]
nasuta, Conrad, 1840, (Atrypa nasuta)

Ann. Rep. N. Y., Schoharie Grit, Up.

Held. Corniferous & Ham. Gr. [Sig.

having a prominent nose.]
prinstana, Billings, 1862, (Athyris prins-

tana) Pal. Foss., vol. 1, Mid. Sil.

[Ety. proper name.]

116

BRACHIOPODA.

rostrata, Hall, 1843, (Atrypa rostrata)

Geo. Rep. 4th Dist. N. Y., Ham. Gr.

& Tully limestone. [Sig. beaked.]
scitula, Hall, 1843, (Atrypa scitula) Geo.

4th Dist. N. Y., Corniferous Gr. Prof.

Hall regards Charionella circe as a

syn. for this species. [Sig. pretty.]
umbonata, Billings, 1862, (Athyris urn-

bonata) Pal. Foss., vol. 1, Mid. Sil.

XSig. protuberant.]
unisulcata, Conrad, 1841, (Atrypa uni-

sulcata) Ann. Rep. N. Y., Up. Held.

& Ham. Gr. [Sig. having one de-
pression.]
Meristina, Hall, 1867, 20th Reg. Rep. N. Y.

[Ety. Merista, a genus of shells ; inus,

implying resemblance.]
maria, Hall, 1863, (Meristella maria)

Trans. Alb. Inst., vol. 4, Niagara Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
nitida, Hall, 1852, (Atrypa nitida) Pal.

N. Y., vol. 2, Niagara Gr. [Sig.

smooth.]
nitida var. oblata, Hall, 1852, (Atrvpa

nidita var. oblata) Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,

Niagara Gr. [Sig. oblate.]
Monomerella, Billings, 1861, Can. Nat. &

Geo., vol. 6. [Ety. monos, one ; meros,

apart; ella, diminutive termination.]
newberryi, Hall & Whitfield, 1875, Ohio

Pal., voL 2, Niagara Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
orbicularis, Billings, 1871, Can. Nat., vol.

6, Guelph Gr. [Sig. orbicular.]
prisca, Billings, 1871, Can. Nat. & Geol.,

vol. 6, Guelph Gr. [Sig. ancient.]
Nucleospira, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3.

[Ety. nucleus, a kernel ; spira, aspire.]
barrisi, White, 1860, Bost. Jour. Nat.

Hist., Kinderhook Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
concentrica, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. concentrically

lined.]
concinna, Hall, 1843, (Atrypa concinna)

Geo. 4th Dist. N. Y., Hamilton Gr.

[Sig. handsome.]
elegans, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. elegant.]
pisiformis, Hall, 1859,(Ortbis pisum, 1851,

Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,) Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Niagara Gr. [Ety. from its resem-
blance to Spirifer pimm of Murchison.]
ventricosa, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Low. Held. Gr. This species was first

described in 1856, in 9th Reg. Rep., as

Spirifer a ventricosa. [Sig. bulging out.]
Obolella, Billings, 1861, Pal. Foss., vol. 1.

[Ety. diminutive of Obolus, a small

Greek coin.]
cselata, Hall, 1847, (Orbicula c^elata) Pal.

N. Y., vol. 1, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig.

sculptured.]
chromatica, Billings, 1861, Pal. Foss., vol.

1, Potsdam Gr. [Sig. colored.]
cingulata, Billings, 1861, Pal. Foss., vol.

1, Potsdam Gr. [Sig. encircled with

lines.]

circe, Billings, 1871, Can. Nat. and Geol.,

Potsdam . Gr. [Ety. mythological

name.]
crassa, Hall, 1847, (Orbicula crassa) Pal.

N. Y., vol. 1, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig.

thick.]
desiderata, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol.

1, Quebec Gr. [Sig. rare.]
desquamata, Hall, 1847, (Avicula desqua-

mata) Pal. N. Y., vol. 1, Hud. Riv. Gr.

[Sig. scaled off.]
gemma, Billings, 1871, Can. Nat. & Geol.,

Potsdam Gr. [Sig. a young bud.]
ida, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol. 1, Que-
bec Gr. [Ety. mythological name.]
miser, Billings, 1874, Pal. Foss., vol. 2,

Low. Potsdam Gr. [Sig. paltry.]
nana, Meek & Hayden, 1861, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci. Phil., Potsdam Gr. [Sig.

dwarfish.]
nitida, Ford, 1863, Am. Jour. Sci. & Arts,

3rd ser., vol. 5, Low. Potsdam Gr.

[Sig. neat.]
polita, Hall, 1861, Geo. Rep. Wis., (Lin-

gula polita) Potsdam Gr. [Sig.

smoothed.]
pretiosa, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Quebec Gr. [Sig. valuable, precious.]
transversa, Hartt, 1868, Acad. Geol., St.

John's Gr. [Ety. from the trans-
versely oval form.]
Obolellina, Billings, Dec, 1871, syn. for Din-

obolus.
canadensis, see Dinobolus canadensis.
galtensis, see Dinobolus galtensis.
magnifica, see Dinobolus magnificus.
Obolus, Eichwald, 1829, Zoologia Specialis,

vol. 1. [Ety. obolus, a small coin.]
canadensis, see Dinobolus canadensis.
conradi, see Dinobolus conradi.
galtemis, see Trimerella galtensis.
labradoricus, see Iphidea labradorica.
(?) murrayi, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss.,

vol. 1," Quebec Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
Orbicula, Cuvier, 1808, syn. for Crania.
cselata, see Obolella cselata,
cancellata, see Trematis cancellata.
corrugata, see Crania corrugata.
crassa, see Obolella crassa.
deformata, see Crania deformata.
excentrica, see Crania excentrica.
filosa, see Schizocrania filosa.
grandis, see Discina grandis.
larnellosa, see Discina lamellosa.
lodensis, see Discina lodensis.
minuta, see Discina minuta.
nitida, see Discina nitida.
prima, see Crania prima.
quadricoslata, see Crania quadricostata.
squamiformis, see Pholidops squamiformis.
subtruncata, see Pholidops subtruncatus.
, tenuilamellata, see Crania tenuilamellata.
terminalis, see Trematis terminalis.
truncata, see Crania truncata.
Orthis, Dalman, 1827, Kongl. Vet. Acad.

Handl. [Ety. orthos, straight, in allu-
sion to the straight hinge li ne.]

BRACHIOPODA.

117

acuminata, Billings, 1859, Can. Nat. Geo.,

vol. 4, Chazy Gr. [Sig. sharp-pointed.]
acutilirata, Conrad, 1842, (Delthyris acut-
ilirata) Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. 8,

Cin'ti Gr. [Sig. sharply ridged.]
sequivalvis, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,

Trenton Gr. [Sig. equal- valved.]
zequivalva, Shaler. The name was pre-
occupied.
xquivalvis, Hall, 1857, syn. for Orthis eryna.

Moreover the name was preoccupied.
alata, Shaler. The name was preoccu-
pied,
alsus, Hall, 1863, 16th Reg. Rep., Scho-
harie Grit. [Sig. cold. (?)]
anticostiensis, syn. for Orthis porcata.
apicalis, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Quebec Gr. [Sig. sharp-pointed.]
arctostriata. Hall, I860, 13th Reg. Rep.,

Ham. Gr. [Sig. closely striated.]
armanda, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol.

1, Quebec Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
assimilis, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. very-like.]
aurelia, Billings, 1874, Pal. Foss., vol. 2,

Devonian. [Ety. proper name.]
barabuensis, Winched, 1864, Am. Jour.
j Sci. & Arts, 2nd ser., vol. 37, Potsdam

Gr. [Etv. proper name.]
battis, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Quebec Gr. [Ety. mythological

name.]
bellarugosa, Conrad, 1843, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci. Phil., vol. 1, Trenton Gr.

*[Sig. beautifully wrinkled.]
bellula, James, 1873, Ohio Pal., vol. 1,

Cin'ti Gr. [Sig. pretty.]
biforata, Schlotheim, 1820, (Terebratu-

lites biforatus) Petrefact, Trenton

& Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. two-holed or

double-doored.]
billingsi, Hartt, 1868, Acad. Geol., St.

John's Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
biloba, Linnaeus, 1749, (Anomia biloba)

Linne. Syst., Niagara Gr. [Sig. two-

lobed.]
bilobata, Conrad, 1838, (Delthyris bilo-

bata) Ann. Rep. N. Y., Low. Held.

Gr. The name was preoccupied by

Sowerby.
bisulcata, see Camarella bisulcata.
borealis, Billings, 1859, Can. Nat. Geo.,

vol. 4, Chazy & Trenton Gr. [Sig.

northern.]
carbonaria, Swallow, 1858, syn. for Orthis

pecosi.
carinata, Hall, 1843, Geo. Rep. 4th Dist.

N. Y., Portage & Chemung Gr. [Sig.

keeled.]
carleyi, svn. for Orthis retrorsa.
centrilineata, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol.

1, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Ety. centrum,

center; lineatus, striated.]
circulus, Hall, 1843, Geo. Rep. 4th Dist.

N. Y., Clinton Gr. [Sig. a circle.]
clarkensis, Swallow, 1863, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., Keokuk Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]

cleobis, Hall, 1863, 16th Reg. Rep., Onon-
daga limestone & Up. Held. Gr. [Ety.
mythological name.]

clytie, Hall, 1861, 14th Reg. Rep., Cin'ti
Gr. [Ety. mythological name.]

coloradoensis, Shumard, 1860, Trans. St.
Louis Acad. Sci., Potsdam Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]

coloradoensis, Meek, 1870, see 0. desmo-
pleura.

concinna, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,
Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. handsome.]

cooperensis, Swallow, 1863, Trans. St.
Louis Acad. Sci., Low. Carb. [Ety.
proper name.]

corinna, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,
Quebec Gr. [E«ty. mythological
name.]

costalis, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,
Chazy Gr. [Sig. ribbed.]

costata, Hall, 1845. This name was pre-
occupied by Sowerby in 1839.

crassa, Meek, 1874, Cin. Quar. Jour. Sci.,
vol. 1, Cin'ti Gr. [Sig. thick.]

crispata, Emmons, 1842, Geo. Rep. N. Y.,
Trenton Gr. [Sig. curled.]

cumberlandia, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol.

3, Oriskany sandstone. [Ety. proper
name.]

cuneata, Owen, 1852, Geo. Sur. Wis.,

Iowa and Minn., Devonian. [Sig.

wedge-shaped. ]
cyclas, Hall, 1860, 13th Reg. Rep., Ham.

Gr. [Sig. of a round form.]
cyclus, syn. for Orthis multisecta.
cypha, syn. for Orthis crassa.
davidsoni, Verneuil, 1840, Bull. Geol.

Soc. France, vol. 5, Up. Sil. [Ety.

proper name.]
deflecta, see Streptorhynchus deflectus.
deformis, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. deformed.]
delicatula, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol.

1, Quebec Gr. [Sig. quite delicate.]
dentata, Pander, 1830, (Porambonites

dentatus) Bietr. Geogn. Russl., Trent.

and Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. toothed.]
desmopleura, Meek, 1870, Hayden's Geo.

Rep., Silurian. [Ety. desmos, a band ;

pleura, the side.]
dichotoma, syn. for Orthis fissicosta.
discus, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3, Low.

Held. Gr. [Sig. a quoit.]
disparilis, Conrad, 1843, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci., vol. 1, Black Riv. & Trenton Gr.

[Sig. different.]
dubia, Hall, 1858, Trans. Alb. Inst., vol.

4, Warsaw Gr. [Sig. doubtful.]
electra, Billings. 1862, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Quebec Gr. [Ety. mythological

name.]
elegantula, Dalman, 1827, Kongl. Yet.

Acad. Handl., Clinton & Niagara Gr.

[Sig. quite elegant.]
ella, Hall, 1861, 13th Reg. Rep., Cin'ti

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
emacerata, Hall, 1860, 13th Reg. Rep.,

Cin'ti Gr. [Sig. made- lean.]

118

BRACHIOPODA.

emarginata, see Orthis oblata var. emargi-
nata.l

eminens, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,
Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. conspicuous.]

erratica, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,
Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. wandering.]

eryha, Hall, 1867, (Corrigenda, eryna)Pal.

x N. Y., vol. 4, Cornif. Gr. [Ety. my-
thological name.] Named instead of

0. sequivalvis in 10th Reg. Rep.
eudocia, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Quebec Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

euryone, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,
Quebec Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

evadne, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,
Quebec Gr. [Ety. mythological name.]

fasciata, Hall* 1852, Pal. N. Y, vol. 2,
Niagara Gr. [Sig. striped.]

fissicosta, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,
Cin'ti Gr. [Sig. having divided costse. ]

fissiplica, Roemer, 1860, Sil. Fauna West
Tenn., Niagara Gr. [Sig. having di-
vided plications.]

flabellum, Hall, 1843. This name was pre-
occupied by Sowerby in 1839.

flava, Winchell, 1865, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci., Chemung Gr. [Sig. yellow.]

gemmicula, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol.

1, Quebec Gr. [Sig. a little bud.]
gibbosa, Billings, 1857, Rep. of Progr.,

Black Riv. Gr. [Sig. gibbous, tumid.]
hipparionyx, Vanuxem, 1843, (Hippa-
rionyx proximus) Geo. Rep. 3rd Dist.

N. Y., Oriskany sandstone. [Sig. a

colt's hoof.]
hippolyte, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol.

1, Quebec Gr. [Ety. mythological

name.]
hybrida, Sowerby, 1839, Murch. Sil. Syst.,

Niagara Gr. [Sig. a hybrid.]
idonea, Hall, 1867, Pal. N. Y., vol. 4,

Ham. Gr. [Sig. suitable.]
imperator, Billings, 1859, Can. Nat. Geo.,

vol. 4, Chazy Gr. [Sig. chief.]
impressa, Hall, 1843, Geo. Rep. 4th Dist.

N. Y., Chemung Gr. [Sig. impressed.]
insequalis, Hall, 1858, Geo. of Iowa, Ham.

Gr. [Sig. unequal.]
insculpta, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y, vol. 1,

Trenton & Cin'ti Gr. [Sig. engraved.]
insignis, see Skenidium insignis.
interlineata, Sowerby, see Orthis tioga.
interstrialis, Phillips, 1841, Pal. Foss., De-
vonian. [Sig. interstriated.] This

species is probably foreign to America,
iowensis, Hall, 1858, Geo. of Iowa, Ham.

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
iowensis var. furnarius, Hall, 1858, Geo.

of Iowa, Ham. Gr. [Sig. (?).]
iphigenia, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol.

1, Trenton Gr. [Ety. mythological

name.]
jamesi, Hall, 1861, 14th Reg. Rep., Cin'ti

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
kankakensis, McChesney, 1860, Desc.

New Pal. Foss., Hud. Riv. Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]

keokuk, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,
Keokuk Gr. [Ety. .proper name.]
This species was referred to Orthis
umbraculum of DeKoninck by Owen.
lasalknsis, McChesney, 1860, New Pal.
Foss. Prof. Meek regards this as a
syn. for Streptorhynchus crassus.
laticosta, James, 1873, Pal. Ohio, vol. 1,

Cin'ti Gr. [Sig. broad-ribbed.]
laurentina, Billings, 1857, Rep. of Geo.
Sur. Can., Mid. Sil. [Ety. proper
name.]
lentieularis, Vanuxem, 1842, Geo. Rep.
3rd Dist. N. Y., Cornif. Gr. [Sig. len-
ticular.]
lentiformis, Vanuxem, 1842, Geo. Rep.
3rd Dist. N. Y, Cornif. Gr. [Sig.
lens-shaped.]
leonensis, Hall, 1867, Pal. N. Y., vol. 4,
Chemung Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
lepida, Hall, 1860, 13th Reg. Rep., Ham.

Gr. [Sig. pretty.]
lepis, as identified by d'Archiac & Ver-

neuil. Not American,
leptamoides, Emmons. 1842, Geo. Rep.
N. Y., Trenton Gr. [Sig. in the form
of a Leptaena.]
leucosia, Hall, 1860, 13th Reg. Rep.,

Ham. Gr. [Ety. proper name.] '
limitaris, see Leiorhynchus limitaris.
livia, Billings, 1860, Can. Jour. Ind. Sci.
and Art, Cornif. Gr. [Ety. Roman
proper name.]
lucia, Billings, 1874, Pal. Foss., vol. 2,

Devonian. [Ety. proper name.]
lynx, Eichwald, 1830, (Terebratula lynx)
Nat. Kizze von Podol., Trenton and
Hud. Riv. Gr. [Ety. the name of
a quadruped of the genus Felis.}
maria, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,
Mid. Sil. [Ety. Maria, Mary a proper
name.]
macfarlani, Meek, 1868, Trans. Chi. Acad.
Sci., vol. 1, Ham. Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]
media, Shaler, 1865, Bui. No. 4, M. C. Z.,
Anticosti Gr. This is probably only a
variety of 0. elegantula.
meeki, S. A. Miller, 1875, Cin. Quar. Jour.
Sci., vol. 2, Cin'ti Gr. [Ety. proper
name.] A variety of O. testudinaria.
merope, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,
Trenton Gr. [Ety. mythological
name.]
michelini, (Terebratula michelini)
L'Eveille, 1835, Mem. Soc. Geol.
France, vol. 2, Low. Carb. [Ety.
proper name.]
michelini var. burlingtonensis, Hall, 1858,
Geo. Rep. Iowa, Burlington Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]
minna, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Quebec Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
missouriensis, Shumard, 1855, Geo. Rep.
Mo., Trenton Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
missourienm, Swallow, 1860, Trans. St.
Louis Acad. Sci., Chemung Gr. This
name was preoccupied.

BRACHIOPODA.

119

mitis, Hall, 1863, 16th Reg. Rep., Scho-
harie grit. [Sig. moderate.]

morrowensis, syn. for Orthis ella (?)

multisecta, James, 1873, Ohio Pal., vol. 1,
Cin'ti Gr. [Sig. having manv paths.]

multistriata, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,
Low Held. Gr. [Sig. many-striated.]

musculosa, Hall, 1857, Pal. Foss., Oris-
kanv sandstone. [Sig. full of muscles.]

mycale, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,
" Quebec Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

nisis, Hall, 1872, 24th Reg. Rep., Niagara
Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

nucleus, svn. for Amboccelia umbonata.

oblata, Hall, 1859, Pal. X. Y., vol. 3, Low.
Held. Gr. [Sig. broader than long.]

oblata var. eniarginata, Hall, 1859, Pal.
N. Y., vol. 3, Low. Held. Gr. [Sig.
notched at the end.]

occasus, Hall, 1860, 13th Reg. Rep., Ham.
Gr. [Sig. the west.]

occidentalis, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol.
1, Trenton to Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig.
western.]

orbicularis, Sowerbv, 1839, Murrh. Sil.
Syst., Up. Sil. [Sig. orbicular.]

orthambonites, Pander, as figured by
Murchison & Verneuil, 1845, Russia
and Ural mountains, Quebec Gr.
[Sig. straight-umbo.]

pecosi, Marcou, 1858, Geo. N. America,
Coal Meas. This species was subse-
quently described by Swallow under
the name of Orthis carbonaria. [Ety.
proper name.]

pecten, as identified by d'Archiac & Ver-
neuil. Not American.

pectinella, Conrad, 1840, Ann. Rep. N.
Y., Black Riv. & Trenton Gr. [Sig. a
little comb.]

pectinella var. semiovalis, Hall, 1847,
Pal. N. Y., vol 1, Trenton Gr. [Sig.
half-oval.]

peduncularis, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol.

3, Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. a little foot.]
peloris, Hall, 1863, 16th Reg. Rep., Scho-
harie grit. [Sig. Peloris, an existing
shell fish.]

penelope, Hall, 18 60, 13th Reg. Rep.,
Ham. Gr. [Etv. mvthological name.]

pepina, Hall, 1863," 16th Reg. Rep., Pots-
dam Gr. [Etv. proper name.]

perelegans, Hall," 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,
Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. very elegant.]

perversa, see Streptorhynchus perversus.

pervetus, Conrad, 1843, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci., vol. 1, Black Riv. & Trenton Gr.
[Sig. very old.]

pigra, Billings, 1859, Can. Nat. Geo., vol.

4, Chazy Gr. [Sig. sluggish.]
pisnm, see Nucleospira pisiformis.
planoconvexa, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol.

3, Low. Held. Gr. [Ety. planus, level ;
convexus, convex.]

platys, Billings, 1859, Can. Nat. Geo., vol.

4, Chazy Gr. [Sig. broad.]

plicata, Vanuxem, see Spirifera vanuxemi.

plicatella, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,

Trenton & Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. a little

fold or plait.]
porcata, McCoy, 1846, Sil. Foss. of Ire-
land, Trenton, Hud. Riv. & Mid. Sil.

[Sig. ridged.]
porcia, Billings, 1859, Can. Nat. Geo., vol.

4, Chazy Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
prteumbona, see Ambocoelia prseumbona.
pratteni, McChesney, 1860, New Pal.

Foss., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
prava, Hall, 1858, Geo. of Iowa, Ham.

Gr. [Sig. crooked.]
propinqua, Hall, 1857, 10th Reg. Rep. N.

Y., Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. related to.]
punctostriata, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol.

2, Niagara Gr. [Sig. punetus, pricked ;

striatus, striated.]
pyramidalis, see Skenidium pyramidalis.
quadricostata, see Leiorhynchus quadri-

costatus.
resupinata, Martin, 1809, Petref. Derb.

Carb. [Sig. upside down.]
resupinoides, Cox, 1857, Geo. Sur. Ky.,

vol. 3, Coal Meas. [Sig. like 0. resup-
inata.
retrorsa, Salter, 1858, Geo. Sur. of G. B.,

Trenton & Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. turned

backwards.]
rhynchonelliformis, Shaler, 1865, Bui.

No. 4, M. C. Z., Anticosti Gr. [Sig.

like a shell of the genus Rhyncho-

nella.]
richmonda, syn. for Streptorhynchus cras-

sus.
robusta, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,

Coal Meas. [Sig. robust]
rugiplicata, Hall, 1872, 24th Reg. Rep.,

Niagara Gr. [Sig. wrinkled and pli-

edited 1
ruida, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.

Antic, Anticosti Gr. [Sig. rough.]
semele, Hall, 1863, 16th Reg. Rep., Onon-
daga & Up. Held. Gr. [Ety. mytho-
logical name.]
sinuata, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,

Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. waved.]
sola, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss. Antic,

Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. alone.]
solitaria, Hall, 1860, 13th Reg. Rep., N.

Y., Ham. Gr. [Sig. alone.]
stonensis, Safford, 1869, Geo. of Tenn.,

Trenton & Nashville Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
ttriatiila, Emmons, 1842, Geo. Rep. N. Y.

This name was preoccupied by Schlot-

heim.
strophomenoides, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y.,

vol. 3, Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. like

Strophomena.
subcarinata, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y.,vol. 3,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. somewhat

keeled.]
subsequata, Conrad, 1843, Proc Acad.

Nat. Sci., vol. 1, Chazy to Trenton Gr.

[Sig. somewhat equal.]
subjugata, syn. for Orthis occidentalis.

120

BRACHIOPODA.

suborbicularis, Hall, 1858, Geo. of Iowa,
Ham. Gr. [Sig. somewhat orbicular.]

subquadrata, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol.
1, Trenton to Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig.
somewhat quadrate.]

subumbona, see Spirifera subumbona.

swallovi, Hall, 1858, Geo. Eep. Iowa, Bur-
lington Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

tenuidens, Hall, 1852, Pal. X. Y., vol. 2,
Clinton Gr. [Sig. slender-toothed.]

tenuistriata, Hall, 1843, Geo. Rep. 4th
Dist. N. Y., Portage Gr. [Sig. fine-
striated.]

testudinaria, Dalman, 1827, Vet. Acad.
Hand., Trenton & Hud. Riv.Gr. [Sig.
arched like a tortoise shell.]

thiemii, White, 1860, Jour. Bost. Soc.
Nat. Hist., vol. 7, Kinderhook Gr.
[Ety. proper name.]

tioga, Hall, 1867, Pal. N. Y., vol. 4, (O.
inter! ineata, Sow., Geo. Rep. 4th Dist.
N. Y.) Portage & Chemung Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]

tricenaria, Conrad, 1843, Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci., vol. 1, Trenton Gr. [Sig.
of or belonging to thirty.]

trinucleus, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,
Clinton Gr. [Sig. a triple-nut.]

triplicatella, Meek, 1873, Ohio Pal., vol.
1, Cin'ti Gr. [Sig. having three plica-
tions in one-fold.

tritonia, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,
Quebec Gr. [Ety. mythological
name.]

tubulostriata, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol.
3, Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. having tube-
like striae.]

tulliensis, Vanuxem, 1843, Geo. Rep. 3rd
Dist. N. Y., Tully limestone. [Ety.
proper name.]

uberi, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.
Antic, Anticosti Gr. [Sig. abundant,
fruitful.]

umbonata, see Ambocoelia umbonata.

umbraculum, DeKoninck, see Orthis Keo-
kuk and Streptorhynchus umbracu-
lum.

unguiculus, Phillips, as identified by Hall
in 1843, see Ambocoelia umbonata var.
gregaria.

unguiformis, syn. for Orthis hipparionyx.

vanuxemi, Hall, 1857, 10th Reg. Rep.,
Ham. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

vanuxemi, Winchell, 1862, Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci., Portage Gr. The name was
preoccupied.

vanca, Conrad, 1842, (Delthyris varica)
Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. 8, Low.
Held. Gr. [Sig. straddling.]
Ortiiisina, D'Orbigny, 1849. [Ety. orthis,
a genus of shells; inus, implying re-
sembling to.]

alternata, see Streptorhynchus perversus.

arcto8triata, see Streptorhynchus arctos-
triatus.

crassa, see Streptorhynchus crassus.

diversa, Shaler, syn. for Orthisina ver-
neuili.

festinata, Billings, 1861, Pal. Foss., vol.

1, Potsdam Gr. [Sig. hasty.]
grandseva, Billings, 1859, Can. Nat. Geo.,

vol. 4, Calcif. Gr. [Sig. primeval.]
mmouriensis, Swallow, 1858. Syn. for

Meekella striato-costata.
occidentalis, Swallow, 1863, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., Permian Gr. [Sig.

western.]
shumardiana, Swallow, 1858, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., Permian Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
verneuili, Eichwald, as identified by

Billings, Trenton & Anticosti Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
Pentagonia, Cozzens, 1846, Ann. N. Y. Ly-
ceum, vol. 3. [Ety. pcnte, five; gonia,

an angle.]
peersi, Cozzens, 1846, Ann. N. Y. Lyce-
um, vol. 3, Devonian. [Ety. proper

name.]
Pentamerella, Hall, 1867, Pal. N. Y., vol. 4.

[Ety. diminutive of Pentamerus,']
arata, Conrad, 1841, (Atrypa arata and

Atrypa octo-costata) Ann. Rep. N. Y.,

Schoharie grit and Up. Held. Gr.

[Sig. plowed, furrowed.]
dubia, Hall, 1860, (Spirifer dubius) 13th

Reg. Rep., Ham. Gr. [Sig. doubtful.]
micula", Hall, 1867, Pal. N. Y., vol. 4,

Ham. Gr. [Sig. a very small crumb.]
obsolescens, Hall, 18(57, Pal. N. Y., vol. 4,

Devonian. [Sig. obsolete.]
papilionensis, Hall, 1858, (Pentamerus

papilionensis) Geo. Rep. Iowa, vol. 1,

pt. 2, Ham. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Pentamerus, Sowerby, 1814, Min. Conch.,

vol. 1. [Ety. penta, five ; meros, apart-
ments.]
aratus, see Pentamerella arata.
arcuosus, McChesney, 1861, New Pal.

Foss., Niagara Gr. [Sig. arched, bent

over.]
barrandi, Billings, 1857, Rep. of Progr.,

Mid. Sil. [Ety. proper name.]
bisinuatus, McChesney, 1861, New Pal.

Foss., Niagara Gr. [Sig. baving two

depressions.]
borealis, Meek, 1868, Trans. Chi. Acad.

Sci., Ham. Gr. [Sig. northern.] This

name was preoccupied by Eichwald

in 1840.
brevirostris, Sowerby, 1839, (Terebratula

brevirostris) Murch. Sil. Syst., Niagara

Gr. [Sig. short-beaked.]
chicagoensis, Winchell & Marcy, 1865,

Mem. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., Niagara

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
comis, Owen, 1852, (Atrypa comis) Geo.

Sur. Wis., Iowa and Minn., Ham. Gr.

[Sig. nice, delicate.]
crassiradiatus, McChesney,1861,New Pal.

Foss., Niagara Gr. [Sig. thick-rayed.]
elongatus, see Amphigenia elongata.
fornicatus, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,

Clinton Gr. [Sig. arched or vaulted

over.]

BRACHIOPODA.

121

galeatiformis, Meek & Worthen, syn. for
P. galeatus.

galeatus, Dalman, 1827, (Atrypa galeatus)
Vet. Acad. Handl., Low. Held. Gr.
[Sig. helmet-shaped.]

intralineatus, Winchell, 1866, Rep. Low.
Penin. Mich., Ham. Gr. [Sig. marked
with lines on the inside.]

knappi, Hall, 1872, 24th Reg. Rep., Ni-
agara Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

knighti, Sowerby, 1812, Min. Conch., vol.
1, Devonian. [Etv. proper name.]

littoni, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,
Low. Held. & Niagara. Gr. LEty.
proper name.]

multicostatus, Hall, 1861, Rep. of Progr.
"Wis. Sur., Niagara Gr. [Sig. many-
ribbed.]

nucleus, Hall, 1872, 24th Reg. Rep., Clin-
ton Gr. [Sig. a kernel.]

nysius, Hall, 1872, 24th Reg. Rep., Niag-
ara Gr. [Ety. mythological name.]
There are two varieties, one having
coarse and the other finer radii.
These are designated P. nysius car.
eratsicostus and P. nysius var.tenuicostus.

oblongus, Sowerby, 1839, Murch. Sil.
Syst., Clinton & Niagara Gr. [Sig.
longer than broad.]

oblongus WW. cylindricus, Hall, 1872. 24th
Reg. Rep., Niag. Gr. [Sig. cylindrical.]

occidentalis, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,
Guelph Gr. [Sig. western.]

u<xi(i''nt«lL% Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,
Ham. Gr. This name was preoccupied.
The species is now referred to the
genus Gypidula, bv the author.

ovalis, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2, Clin-
ton Gr. [Sig. egg-shaped.]

jKipilionrnsis. see Pentamerella papilron-
ensis.

pergibbosus, Hall & "Whitfield, 1875, Ohio
Pal., vol. 2, Niagara Gr. [Sig. very
gibbous.]

pseudogaleatus, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y.,
vol. 3, Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. false
galeatus.]

revenue, see Anastrophia reversa..

salinensis, Swallow, 1860, Trans. St.
Louis Acad. Sci., Devonian. [Ety.
proper name.]

similior, "Winchell & Marcy, 1865, (Spiri-
fera similior) Mem. Bost. Soc. Nat.
Hist., Niagara Gr. [Ety. from its re-
semblance to Spirifera bicontata.]

>ul>globosus, Meek & Worthen, 1868, Geo.
Sur. 111., vol. 3, Ham. Gr. [Sig. some-
what globose.]

trisinuatus, McChesney, 1861, Desc.
New Pal. Foss., Niagara Gr. [Sig.
marked with three depressions.]

ventricosus, Hall, 1861, Rep. Progr. Wis.
Sur., Niagara Gr. [Sig. bulging out.]

verneuili. sec Anastrophia vcrneuili.
PnoLinops, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y, vol. 3,
[Etv. pholis, pholidos. a scale.]

arenaria, Hall, 1867, Pal. N. Y., vol. 4,
Oriskany sandstone. [Sig. sandy.]
16

areolata, Hall, 1863, 16th Reg. Rep., Scho-
harie grit. [Sig. divided into irregular
squares or angular spaces.]

cincinnatiensis, Hall, 1872, Pamphlet,
Cin'ti Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

hamiltonise, Hall, 1860, 13th Reg. Rep.
N. Y., Ham. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

linguloides, Hall, 1867, Pal. N. Y., vol. 4,
Ham. Gr. [Sig. like a LingvJa.]

oblata, Hall, 1867, Pal. N. Y, vol. 4, Ham.
Gr. [Sig. oblate.]

ovalis, Hall, 1863, Trans. Alb. Inst., vol.
4, Niagara Gr. [Sig. oval.]

ovata, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3, Low.
Held. Gr. [Sig. egg-shaped.]

squamiformis, Hall, 1843, (Orbicula
squamiformis) Geo. Rep. 4th Dist. N.
Y., Niagara Gr. [Sig. in the form of
a scale.]

subtruncata, Hall, 1847, (Orbicula sub-
truncata) Pal. N. Y., vol. 1, Hud. Riv.
Gr. [Sig. somewhat shortened.]

tenninalis, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol.
3, Oriskany sandstone. [Sig. termin-
ating.]

trentonensis, Hall, 1866, Pamphlet, Tren-
ton Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Platystrophia, syn. for Orthis.

regularis, syn. for Orthis lynx.
Plcctambonites area, syn. for Leptsena trans-
versalis.

glabra, syn. for Leptsena sericea.

tenera, syn. for Leptsena transversalis.
Plicatula, Lamarck, 1809.

striatocostata, see Meekella striatocostata.
Porambonites, Pander, 1830, Beitrage zur
Geog. des Russichen Reiches. [Ety.
poros, opening ; ambon, umbone.]

dentatus, see Orthis dentata.

ottawsensis, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol.
1, Black Riv. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Productella, Hall, 1867, Pal. N. Y., vol. 4,
[Sig. diminutive of Productus.]

arctirostrata, Hall, 1857, (Productus arcti-
rostratus) 10th Reg. Rep., Chemung
Gr. [Sig. narrow-beaked.]

bialveata, Hall, 1867, Pal. N. Y., vol. 4,
Chemung Gr. [Sig. double-chan-
neled.]

bovdi, Hall, 1857, (Productus bovdii)
*10th Reg. Rep., Chemung Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]

concentrica, Hall, 1857, (Productus con-
centricus) 10th Reg. Rep., Kinder-
hook Gr. [Sig. concentrically lined.]

cqstatula, Hall, 1867, Pal. N. Y., vol. 4,
Chemung Gr. [Sig. small-ribbed.]

costatula rar. strigata, Hall, 1867, Pal. N.
Y., vol. 4, Chemung Gr. [Sig. fur-
rowed.]

dumosa, Hall, 1861, (Productus dumosus)
14th Reg. Rep., Ham. Gr. [Sig.
bushy.]

eriensis, Nicholson, 1874, Geo. Mag., n.
s., vol. 1, Corn if. Gr, [Ety. proper
name.]

122

BRACHIOPODA.

exanthemata, Hall, 1857, (Produetus ex-

anthematus) 10th Reg. Rep., Hani.

Gr. [Sig. covered with eruptions.]
hirsuta, Hall, 1857, (Produetus hirsutus)

10th Reg. Rep., Chemung Gr. [Sig.

rough, hairy.]
hirsuta var. rectispina, Hall, 1867, Pal.

N. Y., vol. 4, Chemung Gr. [Sig.

straight-spined.]
hystricula, Hall, 1867, Pal. N, Y., vol. 4,

Chemung Gr. [Sig. somewhat cov-
ered with spines.]
lachrymosa, Conrad, 1842, (Strophomena

lachrymosa) Jour. Acad. Nat. 8ci.,

vol. 8, Chemung Gr. [Sig. full of

tears.]
lachrymosa var. lima, Conrad, 1842,

(Strophomena lima) Jour. Acad. Nat.

Sci., vol. 8, Chemung Gr. [Sig.

crooked or rough.]
laychrymosa var. stigmata, Hall, 1867, Pal.

N. Y., vol. 4, Chemung Gr. [Sig.

marked, branded.]
navicella, Hall, 1857, (Produetus navi-

cella) 10th Reg. Rep., Cornif. & Ham.

Gr. [Sig. a small boat.]
newberryi, Hall, 1857, (Produetus new-

berryi) 10th Reg. Rep., Chemung Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
onusta, Hall, 1867, Pal. N. Y., vol. 4,

Chemung Gr. [Sig. filled.]
papulata, Hall, 1867, Pal. N. Y., vol. 4,

Ham. Gr. [Sig. pimpled.]
pyxidata, Hall, 1858, (Produetus pyxi-

datus) Geo. of Iowa, Ham. Gr. [Sig.

made like a box.]
rarispina, Hall, 1857, (Produetus raris-

pinus) 10th Reg. Rep., Chemung Gr.

[Sig. having few spines.]
shumardiana, Hall, 1858, (Produetus

shumardianus) Geo. Rep. of Iowa, vol.

1, pt. 2, Cornif. Gr., Marcellus shale,

Ham. Gr., Burlington and Tully lime-
stone. [Ety. proper name.]
speciosa, Hall, 1857, (Produetus specio-

sus) 10th Reg. Rep., Chemung Gr.

[Sig. beautiful.]
spinulicosta, Hall, 1857, (Produetus spin-

ulicostus) 10th Reg. Rep., Marcellus

shales & Ham. Gr. [Sig. spined and

ribbed.]
striatula, Hall, 1867, Pal. N. Y., vol. 4,

Chemung Gr. [Sig. somewhat stri-
ated.]
subaculeata, Murchison, 1840, (Produetus

subaculeatus) Bui. Soc.Geo. de France,

vol. 5, Cornif. Gr. [Sig. somewhat

prickly.]
subalata, Hall, 1857, (Produetus subala-

tus) 10th Reg. Rep., Ham. Gr. [Sig.

somewhat winged.]
truncata, Hall, 1857, (Produetus trunca-

tus) 10th Reg. Rep., Marcellus shales

& Ham. Gr. [Sig. cut short]
tullia, Hall, 1867, Pal. N. Y., vol. 4, Ham.

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

Productus, Sowerby, 1814, Min. Conch.,

vol. 1. [Ety. productus, produced — so

named from one valve of the shell

being prolonged beyond the other,

and often to a great extent.]
sequicostatus, Shumard, 1855, Geo. Rep.

Mo., Coal Meas. [Sig. equal-ribbed.]
alternatus, Norwood & Pratten, 1854,

Jour. Acad. Nat, Sci., 2d series, vol. 3,

Keokuk Gr. [Sig. alternating.]
altonensis, Norwood & Pratten, 1854,

Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., 2d series, vol. 3,

Chester Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
americanus, Swallow, 1863, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., Up. Coal Meas.

[Ety. proper name.]
arctirostratus, see Productella aretirostrata.
areuatus, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,

Kinderhook Gr. [Sig. arched, bent

over.]
asper, McChesney, syn. for P. nebrascen-

sis.
auriculatus, Swallow, 1863, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., Coal Meas. [Sig.

having ear-like appendages.]
biseriatus, Hall, 1858, Trans. Alb. Inst.,

vol. 4, Warsaw Gr. [Sig. in double

rows or series.]
boonensis, Swallow, 1858, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper

name.]
boudi, see Productella boydi.
calhounianus. Swallow, 1858, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., Coal Meas.. [Ety.

proper name.] Prof. Meek regarded

this name as a synonym for P. semi-

reticulatus.
callawayensis, Swallow, 1860, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., Low. Devonian.

[Ety. proper name.]
cancrini, as identified by Geinitz, is P.

pertenuis of Meek.
capaci, D'Orbigny, 1843, as identified by

early authors, is referred to P. longi-

spinus.
cestriensis, Worthen, 1860, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., Chester Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
clavus, Norwood & Pratten, 1854, Jour.

Acad. Nat. Sci., 2nd series, vol. 3, Coal

Meas. [Sig. club-shaped.]
comoides, as identified by d'Archiac &

Veneuil. Not American.
concentricus, see Productella concentrica.
confragosus, Harlan, 1835, Trans. Geo.

Soc. Penn., Carb. [Sig. rough, un-
even.]
cooperensis, Swallow, 1860, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., Chemung Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
cora, d'Orbigny, 1842, Geol.Voy. Amer.,

Coal Meas. [Ety. mythological name.]
cora var. mogoyoni, Marcou, 1858, Geo.

N. Amer., Low. Carb. [Ety. proper

name.]
coriformis, Swallow, 1863, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., Low. Carb. [Sig. like

Produetus cora.}

BRACHtOPOkA.

123

costatoides, Swallow, 1858, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., Up. Coal Meas. [Sig.

resembling P. costatm.}
costatus, Sowerby, 1827, Min. Conch.

vol. 6, Coal Meas. [Sig. ribbed.] It

is doubtful whether this species has

been identified in America.]
curtirostratus, Winchell, 1865, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci., Chemung Gr. [Sig.

short-beaked.]
delawari, Marcou, 1858, Geol. N. Arner.,

Low. Carb. [Ety. proper name.]
depressus, Sowerby, 1825, see Strophomena

depressa.
depressus, Swallow, 1863, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., Low. Carb. [Sig.

depressed.]
dissimilis, Hall, 1858, Geo. of Iowa, Ham.

Gr. [Sig. unlike, various.]
dolorosus, Winchell, 1865, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci., Chemung Gr. [Sig.

wretched.]
dumosus, see Productella dumosa.
duplicostatus, Winchell, 1865, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci., Marshall Gr. [Sig. double-
plicated.]
eltgans, Norwood & Pratten, 1854. This

name was preoccupied, and the fossil

is now named P. cestriemis.
exanihematus, see Productella exanthem-
ata,
fasciculatus, McChesney, 1860, New Pal.

Foss., Coal Meas. [Sig. bundled.]
fentonensis, Swallow, 1863, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., Low. Carb. [Ety.

proper name.]
flemingi, Sowerby, 1814, Min. Conch.,

vol. 1, Low. Carb. [Ety. proper

name.]
flemingi var. burlingtonensis, Hall, 1858,

Geo. Rep. Iowa, Burlington Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
gracilis, Winchell, 1865, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci., Cuyahoga shale. [Sig. slender.]
gradatus, Swallow, 1863, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., Keokuk Gr. [Sig. made

with steps.]
hildrethianus, Norwood & Pratten, 1854,

Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., 2nd ser., vol. 3,

Coal Meas. , [Ety. proper name.]
hirsutus, see Productella hirsuta.
horridus, Geinitz, 1866. This name was

preoccupied; moreover Prof. Meek

regarded the fossil as P. hngispinus.
indianensis, Hall, 1858, Trans. Alb. Inst.,

vol. 4, Warsaw Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
inflatus, syn. for P. semireticulatus.
ivesi, Newberry, 1861, Ives' Col. Ex.

Exped., Mid. Carb. [Ety. proper

name.]
lasallensis, Worthen, 1873, Geo. Sur. 111.,

vol. 5, Up. Coal Meas. [Ety. proper

name.]
kevicostus, White, 1860, Bost. Jour. Nat.

Hist., Kinder hook Gr. [Sig. smooth-
ribbed.]

latissimus, Sowerby, 1822, Min. Conch.,

Carb. [Sig. very wide.]
longispinus, Sowerby, 1814, Min. Conch.,

vol. 1, Coal Meas. [Sig. long-spined.]
lobatus, as identified by d'Archiac & Ver-

neuil. Not American,
magnicostatus, Swallow, 1860, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., Coal Meas. [Sig.

large-ribbed.]
magnus, Meek & Worthen, 1861, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Keokuk Gr.

[Sig. large.]
marginicinctus, Prout, 1857, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., St. Louis Gr. [Sig.

encircled with a depression near the

margin.]
mesialis, Hall, 185 8, Geo. Rep. Iowa,

Keokuk Gr. [Sig. middle-parted.]
mexicanus, Shumard, 1858, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., Permian Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
morbillianus, Winchell, 1865, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci., Burlington Gr. [Sig. measly,

spotted.]
multistriatus, Meek, 1860, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci., Coal Meas. [Sig. many-
lined.]
muricatus, Norwood & Pratten, 1854,

Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Coal Meas.

Prof. Meek regarded this as a syn. for

P. longispinm. [Sig. full of sharp

points.]
natricella, see Productella navicella.
nebrascensis, Owen, 1852, Geo. Rep. Wis.,

Iowa & Minn., Coal Meas. [Ety.

proper name.]
nodosus, Newberry, 1861, Ives' Col. Ex.

Exped. Carb. [Sig. knotty.]
norwoodi, Swallow, 1858, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., Permian Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
occidentalis, Newberry, 1861, Ives' Col.

Ex. Exped., Up. Carb. [Sig. western.]
orbignyanus, Geinitz, 1866. This nanio

was preoccupied by Sowerby in 1822.
ovatus, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa, St.

Louis Gr. [Sig. egg-shaped.]
parvulus, Winchell, 1863, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci., Chemung Gr. [Sig. very

small.]
parvus, Meek & Worthen, 1860, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Chester Gr.

[Sig. small.]
pertenuis, Meek, 1872, Pal. E. Neb., Coal

Meas. [Sig. very thin.]
phillipsi, Norwood & Pratten, 1854, Jour.

Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. 3, 2nd series,

Low. Carb. [Ety. proper name.]
pUeiformis, syn. for Productus cora.
pileolus, Snumard, 1858, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., Permian Gr. [Sig.

a little bonnet or cap.]
popii, Shumard, 1858, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., Permian Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
portlockianus, Norwood & Pratten, 1854,

Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., 2nd series, vol.

3, Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]

124

BRACHTOPODA.

prattenianus, Norwood, 1854, Jour. Acad.

Nat. Sci. Phil., 2nd series, vol. 3, Coal

Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
punctatus, Martin, 1809, Petrif. Derb.,

Low. Carb. and Coal Meas. [Sig.

covered with points, dotted.]
pyxhdatus see Productella pyxidata.
rarispinus, see Productella rarispina.
rogersi, Norwood & Pratten, 1854, Jour.

Acad. Nat. Sci., Coal Meas. [Ety.

proper name.] Prof. Meek regarded

this as a synonym for P. iiebrascensis.
scabriculus, (Conchyliolithus Anomites

scabriculus) Martin, 1809, Petrif.

Derb., Carb. [Sig. rough.]
scitulus, Meek & Worthen, 1860; Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci., St. Louis Gr. [Sig.

neat, pretty.] :
semipunctatus, Hildreth, 1838, syn. for

P. punctatus.
semireticulatus, Martin, 1809, {Conchyli-
olithus Anomites semireticulatus) Petrif.

Derb., Keokuk Gr. [Sig. half-like a

net or lattice work.]
semistriatus, Meek, 1860, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci., Coal Meas. [Sig. half-striated.]
setigerus, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,

Keokuk Gr. [Sig. bearing bristles on

the back.]
setigerus var. keokuk, Hall, 1858, Geo.

Rep. Iowa, Keokuk Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
shumardianus, see Productella shumardi-

ana.
speciosus, see Productella speciosa.
spinulicostus, see Productella spinulicosta.
spinulosus, Sowerby, 1814, Min. Conch.,

vol. 1, Carb. [Sig. full of spines.]
splendens, Norwood & Pratten, 1854,

Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., vol. 3,

Coal Meas. [Sig. splendid.] Prof.

Meek regarded this as a synonym for

P. longispinus.
subaculeatus, see Productella subaculeata.
subalatus, see Productella subalata.
symmetricus, McChesney, 1860, Desc.

New Pal. Foss., Coal Meas. [Sig.

symmetrical.]
tenuicostus, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,

St. Louis Gr. [Sig. slender- ribbed.]
tenuistriatus, Verneuil, 1845, Geol. Rus-
sia & Ural Mountains, Carb. [Sig.

fine-lined.]
truncatus, see Productella truncata.
tubulospinus, McChesney. Syn. for P.

punctatus.
viminalis, White, 1862, Proc. Bost. Soc.

Nat. Hist., vol. 9, Burlington Gr.

[Sig. bearing twigs.]
vittatus, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa, Keo-
kuk Gr. [Sig. bound in a fillet or

hair-lace.]
wabashensis, Norwood & Pratten, syn. for

P. longispinus.
nilberianus, McChesney, syn. for P. ne-

brascerms.
wortheni, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,

Keokuk Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

Pseuoocrania, McCoy, 1851, Ann. & Mag.
Nat. Hist., 2d series, vol. 8. [Ety.
pseudo, false ; Crania, a genus of shells.

anomala, Winchell, 1866, Rep. Low. Pen.
Mich., Ham. Gr. [Sig. irregular.]
Renssel^ria, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3.
[Ety. proper name.]

sequiradiata, Conrad, 1842, ( A try pa
ajquiradiata) Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
vol. 8, Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. equal-
rayed.]

conradi, McChesney, 1861, New Pal. Foss.,
Oriskany sandstone. [Ety. proper
name.]

cumberlandipe, Hall, 1857, (Meganteris
cumberlandiaj) 10th Reg. Rep., Oris-
kany sandstone. [Ety. proper name.]

elliptica, Hall, 1857, (Meganteris elliptica)
10th Reg. Rep., Low. Held. Gr. [Sig.
elliptical. ]

elongata, see Amphigenia elongata.

intermedia, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,
Oriskany sandstone. [Sig. intermedi-
ate.]

johanni, Hall, 1867, Pal. N. Y., vol. 4, Up.
Held. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

laevis, Hall, 1857, (Meganteris kevis) 10th
Peg. Pep., Low. Held. Gr. [Sig.
smooth.]

lievis, Meek, 1868. This name was pre-
occupied.

marylandica, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol.
3, Oriskany sandstone. [Ety. proper
name.]

mutabilis, Hall, 1857, (Meganteris muta-
bilis) 10th Reg. Rep., Low. Held. Gr.
[Sig. changing, variable.]

ovalis, Hall, 1857, (Meganteris oval is)
10th Reg. Rep., Oriskanv sandstone.
[Sig. oval.]

ovoides, Eaton, 1832, (Terebratula ovoi-
des) Geo. Text-book, Oriskany sand-
stone. [Sig. ovoid.]

suessiana, Hall, 1857, (Meganteris sues-
siana) 10th Reg. Rep., Oriskany sand-
stone. [Ety. proper name.]
Retzia, King, 1850, Monograph of Permian
Foss. [Ety. proper name.]

altirostris, White, 1862, Proc. Bost. Soc.
Nat. Hist., vol. 9, Chemung Gr. [Sig.
high-beaked.]

compressa, Meek, 1864, Pal. California,
Coal Meas. [Sig. compressed.]

eugenia, Billings, 1861, Can. Jour., Ham.
Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

marcyi, Shumard, 1854, (Terebratula
marcyi) -Marcy's Exp. Red Riv., Coal
Meas. [Ety. proper name.]

meekiana, Shumard, 1858,Trans. St. Louis
Acad. Sci., Permian Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]

mormoni, Marcou, 1858, (Terebratula
mormonii) Geo. N. Amer., Coal Meas.
[Ety. proper name.] This species was
subsequently, though in the same
year, described by Shumard under
the name R. punctilifera.

BRACHtO-PODA.

125

osagensis, Swallow, 1860, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., Chemung Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
papillata, Shumard, 1858, Trans. St.Louis

Acad. Sci., Permian Gr. v[Sig. pim-
pled.]
popiana, Swallow, 1860, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., Chemung Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
punclili fm (, Shumard, 185S, syn. for

Retzia mormoni.
poly pleura, Winehell, 1862, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci., Portage Gr. [Sig. many-
sided.]
gubgloboea, McChesney, syn. for Retzia

mormoni.
vera, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa, Kas-

kaskia Gr. [Sig. true, natural.]
vera var, costata, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep.

Iowa, Kaskaskia Gr. [Sig. ribhed.]
verneuiliana, Hall, 1856,Trans. Alb. Inst.,

vol. 4, Warsaw Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
Riiync jionella, Fischer, 1809, Mem. Soc.

Imp. Mosc. [Ety. rhynchos, a beak ;

eOa, little.]
abriipta, Hall, 1S59, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. terminating

abruptly.]
acadiensis," Davidson, 1863, Quar. Jour.

Geo. Soc, vol. 19, Low. Carb. [Ety.

proper name.]
acinus, Hall, 1863, Trans. Alb. Inst., vol.

4, Niagara Gr. [Sig. a cherry stone.]
acutiplicata, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol.

3, Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. having pli-
cations acutely angular.]
acutirostris, Hall, 1847, (Atrypa acuti-

rostra) Pal. N. Y., vol. 1, Chazy Gr.

[Sig. sharp-beaked.]
requivalvis, Hall, 1857, 10th Reg. Rep.,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. equal- valved.]
sequiradiata, Hall, 1852, (Atrypa sequira-

diata) Pal. N. Y., vol. 2, Clinton Gr.

[Sig. equal-rayed.]
algeri, McChesney, I860, New Pal. Foss.,

Carb. [Etv. proper name.]
altilis, Hall, 1847, (Atrvpa altilis) Pal.

N. V., vol. 1, Chazy Gr. [Sig. fat,

fed.]
altiplicata, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. high plications.]
cdveata, see Centronella alveata.
angulata, Linnseus, as identified by Gei

nitz, syn. for Syntrilasma hemipli

catum.
anticostiensis, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss.

vol. 1, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
aprinis, DeVerneuil, 1845, (Terebratula

aprinis) Geo. Russia & Ural Mts., Ni-
agara Gr. [Sig. like a pig's head (?).]
arctirostrata, Swallow, 18 6 3, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., Low. Carb. [Sig.

narrow-beaked.]
argentea, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss,
Antic, Anticosti Gr. [Sig. glittering.]

argenturbica, White, 1874, Rep. Invert.
Foss., Cin'ti Gr. [Sig. from Silver
City.]

barquensis, Winehell, 1862, Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci., Marshall Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]

barrandi, Hall, 1857, 10th Reg. Rep., Oris-
kany sandstone. [Ety. proper name.]

bialveata, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,
Lower Held. G r . [Sig. double-
channeled.]

bidens, Hall, 1852. (Atrypa bidens) Pal.
N. Y., vol. 2, Clinton Gr. [Sig. having
two teeth.]

bidentata, Hisinger, 1826, (Terebratula
bidentata) Vet. Acad. Hftndl., Niagara
Gr. [Sig. having two teeth.]

billingsi, see Stenoschisma billingsi.

boonensis, Shumard, 1855, Geo. Rep. Mo.,
Trenton Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

brevirostris, Sowerby, 1839, (Terebratula
brevirostris) Murch. Sil. Syst., Niag-
ara Gr. [Sig. short-beaked.] This
species is probably Pentamerus brevi-
rostris.

campbelliana, Hall, 1859, Pal. N.Y., vol. 3,
Low. Held. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

camerifera, Winehell, 1862, Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci., Marshall Gr. [Sig. cham-
bered.]

capax, Conrad, 1842, (Atrvpa capax)
Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. 8, Hud.
Riv. Gr. [Sig. large, capacious.]

caput-testudinis, White, 1862, Proc. Bost.
Soc Nat. Hist., vol. 9, Burlington Gr.
[Sig. like a turtle's head.]

carica, see Stenoschisma carica.

carbonaria, McChesney, I860, New Pal.
Foss., Coal Meas. [Sig. from the Coal
Measures.]

Carolina, see Stenoschisma Carolina.

eastanea, Meek, 1868, Trans. Chi. Acad.
Sci., Devonian. [Sig. a chestnut.]

congregata, see Stenoschisma congrega-
tum.

contractu, see Stenoschisma contractum.

cooperensis, Shumard, 1855, Geo. Rep.
Mo., Chem. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

corinthia, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol.
1, Quebec Gr. [Sig. corinthian.]

cuboides, Sowerby, (Atrypa cuboides) see
R. venustula.

cuneata, Dalman, 1827, (Terebratula
cuneata) Vet. Acad. Handl., Niagara
Gr. [Sig. wedge-shaped.]

dawsoniana, Davidson, 1863, Quar. Jour.
Geo. Soc, vol. 19, Low. Carb. [Ety.
proper name.]

dentata, Hall, 1847, (Atrypa dentata) Pal.
N. Y., vol. 1, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig.
having teeth.]

dotit, see Stenoschisma dotis.

dryope, Billings, 1874, Pal. Foss., vol. 2,
"Devonian. [Ety. mythological name.]

dubia, Hall, 1847, (Atrypa dubia) Pal. N.
Y., vol. 1, Chazy Gr. [Sig. doubtful.]

duplicata, syn. for Stenoschisma contract-
urn.

126

BRACHIOPODA.

eatoniiformis, McChesney, 1860, New
Pal. Foss., Carb. [Ety. from a re-
semblance to Eatonia.]

emacerata, Hall, 1852, (Atrypa emacerata)
Pal. N. Y., vol. 2, Clinton Gr. [Sig.
made lean.]

eminens, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,
Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. eminent, re-
markable.]

endlichi, Meek, 1876, U. S. Geo. Sur. of
Colorado, Up. Devonian. [Ety. proper
name.]

eva, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.,
Antic., Anticosti Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]

evangelinft, Hartt, 1868, Acad. Geol.,
Low. Carb. [Ety. proper name.]

excellens, Billings, 1874, Pal. Foss., vol.
2, Devonian. [Sig. excellent.]

eximia, see Stenoschisma eximium.

explanata, McChesney, 1860, Desc. New
Pal. Foss., Chester Gr. [Sig. made
plane or smooth.]

iitchiana, Hall, 1857, 10th Reg. Rep.,Oris-
kanv sandstone. [Ety. proper name.]

formosa, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,
Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. beautiful.]

fringilla, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,
Mid. Sil. [Sig. a small bird.]

glacialis, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,
Mid. Sil. [Sig. icy.]

glansfagea, see Centronella glansfagea.

grosvenori, Hall, 1858, Trans. Alb. Inst.,
vol. 4, Warsaw Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]

guadalupse, Shumard, 1858, Trans. St.
Louis Acad. Sci., Permian Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]

heteropsis, Winchell, 1865, Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci., Chemung Gr. [Sig. of ir-
regular appearance.]

Ivorsfordi, see Stenoschisma horsfordi.

hubbardi, Winchell, 1862, Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci., Marshall Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]

huronensis, Winchell, 1862, Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci., Portage Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]

ida, Hartt, 1868, Acad. Geol., Low. Carb.
[Ety. proper name.]

increbescens, syn. for Rhynchonella capax.

indentata, Shumard, 1859, Trans. St.
Louis Acad. Sci., Permian Gr. [Sig.
indented.]

indianensis, Hall, 1863, Trans. Alb. Inst.,
vol. 4, Niagara Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]

insequiplicata, Hall, 1857, 10th Reg. Rep.,
Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. unequally pli-
cated.]

interplicata, Sowerby, 1839, (Terebratula
interplicata) Murch. Sil. Syst,, Niag-
ara Gr. [Sig. interplicated.]

inutilis, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,
Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. insignificant.]

janea, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.
Antic, Anticosti Gr. [Ety. mytho-
logical name.]

lacwnosa. Not an American species,
lamellata, Hall, 1852, (Atrypa lamellataj

Pal. N. Y., vol. 2, Coralline limestone.

[Sig. having thin plates.]
laura, Billings, syn. for Leiorhynchus

multicostus.
macra, Hall, 1858, Trans. Alb. Inst., vol.

4, Warsaw Gr. [Sig. long.]
marshallensis, AVinchell, 1862, Proc.Acad.

Nut. Sci., Marshall Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
metallica, White, 1874, Rep. Invert.Foss.,

Carb. [Sig. metallic]
mica, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss. Anti.,

Anticosti Gr. [Sig. a little crumb.]
micropleura, Winchell, 1865, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci., Chemung Gr. [Sig. small-
ribbed.] (
missouriensis, Shumard, 1855, Geo. of

Mo., Chemung Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
multistriata, Hall, 1857, 10th Reg. Rep.,

Oriskany sandstone. [Sig. many-
striated.]
inutabilis, Hall, 1857, 10th Reg. Rep.,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. variable.]
mutata, Hall,' 1858, Trans. Alb. Inst., vol.

4, AVarsaw Gr. [Sig. changing.]
neglecta, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,

Niagara Gr. [Sig. overlooked.]
neglecta var. scobina, Meek, 1872, Am.

Jour. Sci. & Arts, 3rd series, vol. 4,

Clinton Gr. [Sig. a file.]
nobilis, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3, Low.

Held. Gr. [Sig. notable.]
nucleolata, Hall, 1857, 10th Reg. Rep.,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. like a small nut.]
nutrix, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.

Antic , Anticosti Gr. [Sig. the breast,

the pap.]
oblata, Hall, 1857, 10th Reg. Rep., Oris-
kany sandstone. [Sig. oblate, broader

than long.]
obsolescens, Hall, 1860, 13th Reg. Rep.,

Ham. Gr. [Sig. old, obsolete.]
obtusiplicata, Hall, 1852, (Atrypa obtusi-

plicata) Pal. N. Y., vol. 2, Niagara Gr.

[Sig. having obtuse plications.]
orbicularis, see Stenoschisma orbiculare.
orientalis, Billings, 1859, Can. Nat. Geo.,

vol. 4, Chazy Gr. [Sig. eastern, in the

eastern provinces.]
osagensis, Swallow, 1858, syn. for Rhyn-
chonella uta.
ottumwa, AAThite, 1862, Proc Bost. Soc

Nat. Hist., vol. 9, St. Louis Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
parvini, McChesney, syn. for Camero-

phoria subtrigona.
perrostellata, Swallow, 1863, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., Low. Carb. [Sig.

having a very little beak.]
persinuata, AVinchell, 1865, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci., Chemung Gr. [Sig. very

sinuate.]
pisum, Hall & Whitfield, 1875, Ohio Pal.,

vol. 2, Niagara Gr. [Sig. a pea.]

BRACHIOPODA.

127

planoconvexa, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol.

3, Low. Held. Gr. [Ety. planus, level ;

convexus, convex.]
pleiopleura, Conrad, 1841, (Atrypa pleio-

pleura) Ann. Rep. N. Y., Oriskany

sandstone. [Sig. wide-ribbed.]
plena, Hall, 1847, (Atrypa plena) Pal. X.

Y., vol. 1, Chazy Gr. [Sig. full, large.]
plicata, Hall, 1852, (Atrypa plicata) Pal.

N. Y., vol. 2, Medina Gr. [Sis. plaited,

folded.]
plicatella, Hall, 1852, (Atrvpa plicatella)

Pal. X. Y., vol. 2, Niagara Gr. [Sig.

baving small plications.]
plicatula, Hall, 18*, (Atrypa plicatula)

Geo. Rep. 4th Dist. N, Y., Clinton

Gr. [Sig. having little plications.]
plicifera, Hall, 1847, (Atrypa plicifera)

Pal. N. Y., vol. 1, Chazy Gr. [Sig.

bearing plications.]
principalis, Hall, 1857, 10th Reg. Rep.,

Oriskany sandstone. [Sig. principal,

chief.]
prolifica, see Stenoschisma prolificum.
pugnus, Martin, 1809, Petrif. Derb., Low.

Carb. [Sig. the fist,]
pustulosa, White, 1860, Bost. Jour. Nat.

Hist., vol. 7, Burlington Gr. [Sig.

pustulose.]
pyramidata, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol.

3, Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. made like a

pyramid.]
pyrrha, Billings, 18(56, Catal. Sil. Foss.

Antic, Anticosti Gr. [Ety. mytho-
logical name.]
quadricostata, Hall, 1843, (Atrypa quadri-

costata) Geo. Rep. 4th Dist, X. Y.,

Genessee slate. [Sig. four-ribbed.]
quadricostata, Hall, 1852, (Atrypa quadri-
costata) Pal. N. Y., vol. 2, Clinton Gr.

This name was preoccupied,
ramsayi, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Oriskany sandstone. [Ety. proper

name.]
recurvirostra, Hall, 1847, (Atrypa recur-

virostra) Pal. X. Y., vol. 1, Black Riv.

to Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. bent-beaked.]
reticulata, see Eichwaldia reticulata,
ricinula. Hall, 1858, Trans. Alb. Inst.,

vol. 4, Warsaw Gr. [Sig. a little tick.]
ringens, Swallow, 1860, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., Low. Carb. [Sig. gaping,

having an open orifice.]
robusta, Hall, 1852, Pal. X. Y., vol. 2,

(Atrypa robusta) Clinton Gr. [Sig.

robust.]
royana, see Stenoschisma rovanum.
ri'dleyana, Safford, 1869, Geo. of Tenn.

Xot defined,
rudis, Hall, 1859, Pal. X. Y, vol. 3, Low.

Held. Gr. [Sig. rude, not fashioned.]
rugosa, Hall, 1852, (Atrypa rugosa) Pal.

X. Y., vol. 2, Niagara Gr. [Sig.

wrinkled.]
saffordi, Hall, 1860, Can. Nat. & Geo.,

vol. 5, Low. Held, Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]

sageriana, Winchell, 1862, Proc. Acad.
Xat. Sci., Marshall Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]

sappho, see Stenoschisma sappho.

semiplicata, Conrad, 1841, (Atrypa semi-
plica ta) Ann. Rep. X. Y., Low. Held.
Gr. [Sig. half-folded.]

septata, Hall, 1859, Pal. X. Y., vol. 3,
Oriskany sandstone. [Sig. divided by
septa or" partitions.]

sinuata, Hall, 1860, Can. Xat. & Geo., vol.
5, Up. Sil. [Sig. wavy.]

sordida, Hall, 1847, (Atrvpa sordida) Pal.
N. Y., vol. 1, Trenton Gr. [Sig. des-
picable, paltry.]

speciosa, Hall, 1857, 10th Reg. Rep., Oris-
kany sandstone. [Sig. beautiful.]

stepliani, see Stenoschisma stephani.

subcircularis, Winchell, 1862, Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci., Marshall Gr. [Sig. some-
what circular.]

subcuboides. Xot an American species.

subcuneata, Hall, 1856, Trans. Alb. Inst.,
vol. 4, Warsaw Gr. [Sig. somewhat
wedge-shaped.]

subtrigona, see Camerophoria subtrigona.

subtrigonalis, Hall, 1847, (Atrypa subtri-
gonalis) Pal. N. Y., vol. 1, Trenton
Gr. [Sig. somewhat triangular.]

sulcoplicata, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol.
3, Low. Held.Gr. [Sig. grooved along
the center of the plications.]

tennesseensis, Roemer, 1860, Sil. Fauna
West Tenn., Niagara Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]

tethys, see Stenoschisma tethys.

tetraptyx, Winchell, 1865, Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci., Kinderhook Gr. [Sig. hav-
ing four-folds.]

texiana, Shumard, 1859, Trans. St, Louis
Acad. Sci., Permian Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]

thalia, see Stenoschisma billingsi.

transversa, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,
Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. wider than
long.]

unica, Winchell, 1865, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci., Chemung Gr. [Sig. single, alone.]

unisulcata, see Meristella unisulcata.

uta, Marcou, 1858, (Terebratula uta) Geo.
X. Amer., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper
name.] This was subsequently de-
scribed by Swallow as R. osagensis.

vellicata, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,
Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. pinched.]

ventricosa, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,
Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. bulging out,
bellving.]

venustula, Hall, 1867, Pal. N. Y., vol. 4,
Tally limestone. This was identified
by Vanuxem, 1842, Geo. 3rd Dist. X.
Y., as Atrypa aiboidex of Sowerby. [Sig.
somewhat fair, handsome or pretty.]

vicina, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.
Antic, Anticosti Gr. [Sig. neighbor-
ing, near to.]

128

BRACHIOPODA.

warrenensis, Swallow, 1860, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., Low. Devonian.

[Ety. proper name.]
wasatchensis, White, 1874, Rep. Invert.

Foss., Carb. [Etv. proper name.]
whitii, Winchell, 1862, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci., Marshall Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
whilii, Hall, 1863, Trans. Alb. Inst., vol.

4, Niagara Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

This name was preoccupied.
■\\ilsoni, Sowerby, 1818, (Terebratula

wilsoni) Min. Conch., vol. 2, Niagara

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
wortheni, Hall, 1858, Trans. Alb. Inst.,

vol. 4, Warsaw Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
Rhynchospira, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

[Ety. rhynchos,a beak; spira, a spire.]
deweyi, Hall, 1856, (Waldheimia deweyi)

9th Reg. Rep., Low. Held. Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
evax, Hall, 1863, Trans. Alb. Inst., vol.

4, Niagara Gr. [Sig. a word of joy, a

hurra.]
formosa, Hall, 1856, ( Waldheimia for-

mosa) 9th Reg. Rep., Low. Held. Gr.

[Sig. beautiful.]
lepida, Hall, 1860, 13th Reg. Rep., Ham.

Gr. [Sig. pretty.]
nobilis, see Trematospira nobilis.
rectirostra, see Trematospira rectirostra.
subglobosa, Hall, 1867, Pal. N. Y., vol. 4,

Schoharie grit. [Sig. somewhat glob-
ular.]
sinuata, Dawson, 1868, Acad. Geol., Up.

Sil. [Sig. waved.]
Rhynobolus, Hall, 1871, syn. for Trimerella.
galtensis, Hall, see Trimerella galtensis.
Schizocrania, Hall & Whitfield, 1875, Ohio

Pal., vol. 2. [Ety. schiza, a cleft; Crania,

a genus of fossil brachiopods.]
filosa, Hall, 1847, (Orbicula (?) filosa) Pal.

N. Y., vol. 1, Cin'ti and Utica Gr.

[Sig. thread-like, thready.]
Skenidium, Hall, 1860, 13th Reg. Rep. [Ety.

a little tent]
halli, Safford, 1869, Geo. of Tenn. Not

defined,
insignis, Hall, 1859, (Orthis insignis) Pal.

N. Y., vol. 3, Low. Sil. [Sig. distin-
guished.]
pyramidalis, Hall, 1852, (Orthis pyramid-

alis) Pal. N. Y., vol. 2, Niagara Gr.

[Sig. pyramidal.]
Spirifera, Sowerby, 1815, Min. Conch., vol.

2. [Ety. spira, a spire;, fero, to bear.]
acanthoptera Conrad, 1842, (Delthyris

acanthoptera) Jour. Acad. Nat, Sci.,

vol. 8, Chemung Gr. [Ety. akantha,

a spine; pUron, a wing.]
acuminata, Conrad, 1839, (Delthyris

acuminata) Ann. Rep. N. Y., Cornif.

and Ham. Gr. [Sig. sharp-pointed.]
acuticostata, DeKoninck, 1843, Desc. An.

Foss. Terr. Carb. Belg., Low. Oarb.

[Sig. sharj>-ribbed.]

agelaia, Meek, 1872, Hayden's Geo. Rep.,
Low. Carb. [Sig. belonging to a herd,
common.]

alta, Hall, 1867, Pal. N. Y., vol. 4, Che-
mung Gr. [Sig. high, noble.]

amara, Swallow, 1860, Trans. St. Louis
Acad. Sci., Chemung Gr. [Sig. brack-
ish, salt.]

angusta, Hall, 1857, 10th Reg. Rep.,
Ham. Gr. [Sig. narrow, short,]

annse, Swallow, 1860, Trans. St. Louis
Acad. Sci., Ham. Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]

arata, syn. for S. granulifera.

archiaci, see S. disjtincta.

arctisegmenta, Hall, 1857, 10th Reg. Rep.,
Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. having narrow
segments or ribs.]

arenosa, Conrad, 1839, (Delthyris are-
nosa) Ann. Rep. N. Y., Oriskany
sandstone. [Sig. sandy.]

arrecta, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,
Oriskany sandstone. [Sig. erect,
steep.

aspera, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa, Ham.
Gr. [Sig. rough.]

audacula, Conrad, (Delthyris audacula)
1842, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. 8,
Ham. Gr. [Sig. rather bold.]

bialveata, Conrad, (Delthvris bialveata)
1842, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. 8, Ni-
agara Gr. [Sig. double-channeled.]

bicostata, Vanuxem, 1842, (Orthis bicos-
tatus) Geol. Rep. 3rd Dist. N. Y., Ni-
agara Gr. [Sig. double-ribbed.]

bidorsalis, Winchell, 18 66, Rep. Low.
Penin. Mich., Ham. Gr. [Sig. double-
backed.]

bifurcata, Hall, 1858, Trans. Alb. Inst.,
vol. 4, Warsaw Gr. [Sig. bifurcated,
forked.]

biloba, Linnaeus, 1768, (Anomia biloba)
Syst. Nat., Niagara Gr. [Sig. two-
lobed.]

bimesialis, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,
vol. 1, pt. 2, Ham. Gr. [Sig: having
two middle parts.]

biplicata, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,
vol. 1, pt. 2, Kinderhook Gr. [Sig.
two-folded or plaited.]

boonensis, Swallow, 1860, Trans. St.Louis
Acad. Sci., Low. Coal Meas. [Ety.
proper name.]

brachynota, Hall, 1843, (Delthyris
brachynota) Geo. 4th Dist. N. Y..
Clinton Gr. [Sig. short-ridged.]

calcarata, syn. for S. disjuncta.

camerata, Morton, 1836, Am. Jour. Sci.,
vol. 29, Coal Meas. [Sig. vaulted or
arched.]

camerata WW. kansasensis, Swallow, 1866,
Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. 2,
Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]

camerata var. percrassa, Swallow, 1866,
Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. 2,
Coal Meas. [Sig. very thick.] This
name was preoccupied as a species.

BRACHIOPODA.

129

capax, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa, vol.
1, pt. 2, Kinderhook Gr. [Sig. large,
capacious.]

carteri, Hall, 1857, 10th Reg. Rep., Wa-
verly Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

cedarensis, Owen, 1852, Geo. Sur. Wis.,
Iowa and Minn., Ham. Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]

centronata, Winchell, 1865, Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci., Cuyahoga shale. [Sig.
having knots or points.]
clara, Swallow, 1853, Trans. St. Louis
Acad. Sci., Low. Carb. [Sig. remark-
able.]

clavatula, McChesney, 1861, Desc. New
Pal. Foss., Burlington Gr. [Sig. little
club.]

clintoni, syn. for S. granulifera.

clio, syn. for S. ziczac.

compacta, Meek, 1868, Trans. Chi. Acad.
Sci., Ham. Gr. [Sig. joined, compact.]

concinna, Hall, 1857, 10th Reg. Rep.,
Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. handsome.]

congesta, syn. for S. granulifera.

consors, Winchell, 1866, Rep. Low. Pen-
insula Mich., Ham. Gr. [Sig. com-
mon.]

contracta, Meek & Worthen, 1866, Geol.
Snr. 111., vol. 2, Chester Gr. [Sig.
contracted, gathered.]

cooperensis, Swallow, 1860, Trans. St.
Louis Acad. Sci., Chemung Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]

corticosa, Hall, 1857, 10th Reg. Rep.,
Ham. Gr. [Sig. covered with thick
bark.]

crenistria, see Streptorhynchus crenistria.

crispa, Hisinger, 1826, (Terebratula
crispa) Act. Acad. Sci. Holm., Ni-
agara Gr. [Sig. curled.]

cumberlandire, Hall, 1857, 10th Reg. Rep.,
Oriskany sandstone. [Ety. proper
name.]

cuspidata, Sowerby, 1812, Min. Conch.,
vol. 1, Devonian. [Sig. pointed.]

cycloptera, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,
Low. Held. Gr. [Ety. kuklos, a circle ;
pteron, a wing.]

cyrtiniformis, Hall, 1873, 23rd Reg. Rep.,
Chemung Gr. [Sig. like a shell of the
genus Cyrtina.]

decemplicata, Hall, 1843, (Delthyris de-
cemplicata) Geo. Rep. 4th Dist. N. Y.,
Niagara Gr. [Sig. having ten plica-
tions.]

disjuncta, Sowerby, 1840, Trans. Geo.
Soc, 2nd ser., vol. 5, Chemung Gr.
[Sig. divided.]

disparilis, Hall, 1857, 10th Reg. Rep.,
Up. Held Gr. [Sig. unequal.]

distans, syn. for S. disjuncta.

divaricate, Hall, 1857, 10th Reg. Rep.,
Cornif. & Ham. Gr. [Sig. straddling.]

dubia, see Pentamerella dubia.

duodenaria, Hall, 1843, (Delthyris duod-
enaria) Geol. 4th Dist. N. Y., Scho-
harie grit & Cornif. Gr. [Sig. twelve.]

duplicata, Conrad, 1842, (Delthyris dupli-
cata) Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. 8,
Ham. Gr. [Sig. double-plicated.]

eatoni, see S. medialis var. eatoni.

engelmanni, Meek, 1860, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci., Oriskany sandstone. [Ety. proper
name.]

eudora, Hall, 1861, Rep. of Prog. Wis.
Sur., Niagara Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

euruteines, Owen, 1840, (Delthyris
euruteines) Report on Min. Lands,
Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. widely extended ;
from the long hinge line.]

euruteines var. fornacula, Hall, 1857, (S.
fornacula) 10th Reg. Rep., Ham. Gr.
[Sig. a little oven.]

exporrecta, see Cyrtia exporrecta.

exporrecta var. arrecta, see Cyrtia expor-
recta car. arrecta.

externa, syn. for S. disjuncta.

extenuate,, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,
Kinderhook Gr. [Sig. drawn out to
a thin edge.]

fasciger, Keyserling in Owen's report, see
Spirifera camerata.

fastigiata, Meek & Worthen, 1870, Proc.
Acad. Nat Sci. Phil., Keokuk Gr.
[Sig. pointed, peaked like a roof.]

filicosta, Winchell, 1866, Rep. Low. Pen-
insula Mich., Ham. Gr. [Sig. having
thread-like costse.]

fimbriate, Conrad, 1842, (Delthyris fim-
briate) Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. 8,
Oriskany sandstone, Schoharie grit,
Cornif. and Ham. Gr. [Sig. fringed.]

forbesi, Norwood & Pratten, 1854, Jour.
Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. 3, Burlington &
Chester Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

formosa, Hall, 1857, 10th Reg. Rep.,
Ham. Gr. [Sig. beautiful.]

fornax, Hall, 1857, 10th Reg. Rep., Ham.
Gr. [Sig. a furnace.]

franklini, Meek, 1858, Trans. Chi. Acad.
Sci., Ham. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

fultonensis, Worthen, 1873, Geol. Rep.
111., vol. 5, Low. Coal Meas. [Ety.
proper name.]

gaspensis, Billings, 1874, Pal. Foss., vol.
2, Devonian. [Ety. proper name.]

gibbosa, Hall, 1861, Rep. of Progr. Wis.
Sur., Niagara Gr. [Sig. gibbous,
tumid.]

gigantm, syn. for S. disjuncta.

glabra var". contracta, Meek & Worthen,
1861, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Chester
Gr. [Sig. contracted.]

glabra, Martin, 1809, (Anomites glabra)
Petrif. Derb., Low. Carb. [Sig.
smooth.]

glanscerasi, White, 1862, Proc. Bost. Soc.
Nat. Hist., Ham. Gr. [Sig. mast of
the cherry tree.]

grandseva, syn. for S. disjuncta.

granulifera, Hall, 1843, (Delthyris gran-
ulifera) Geol. 4th Dist. N. Y., Ham.
Gr. [Sig. bearing granules.]

130

BRACHIOPODA.

granulosa, Conrad, 1839, (Delthyris gran-
ulosa) Ann. Rep. N. Y., Low. Held.
Gr. [Sig. covered with small gran-
ules.]

gregaria, Clapp, 1857, 10th Reg. Rep. &
Can. Jour., Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. oc-
curring in flocks or masses.]

grieri, Hall, 1857, 10th Reg. Rep., Scho-
harie grit & Cornif. Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]

grimesi, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. of Iowa,
Burlington Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

guadalupensis, Shumard, 1858, Trans. St.
Louis Acad. Sci., Permian Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]

hannibalensis, Swallow, 1860, Trans. St.
Louis Acad. Sci., Low. Carb. [Ety.
proper name.]

hemicyclus, Meek & Worthen, 1868, Geo.
Sur. 111., vol. 3, Oriskany sandstone.
[Sig. a half circle.]

hemiplicata, see Syntrielasma hemiplica-
tum.

Jieteroclitus, syn. for S. granulifera.

hungerfordi, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,
vol. 1, pt. 2, Ham. Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]

huronensis, Winchell, 1862, Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci., Portage Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]

imbrex, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa, Bur-
lington Gr. [Sig. the gutter or roof
tile.]

incerta, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,
Burlington Gr. [Sig. uncertain,
doubtful.]

inconstans, syn. for Spirifera racinensis.

increbescens, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,
Kaskaskia Gr. [Sig. abundant.]

increbescens var. americana, Swallow,
1866, Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol.
2, Kaskaskia Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

increbescens var. transversalis, Hall, 1858,
Geol. Rep. Iowa, Kaskaskia Gr. [Sig.
transverse.]

insequicostata, Owen, 185 2, Geo. Rep.
Wis., Iowa & Min., Carb. [Sig. having
unequal costee or ribs.]

inornata, syn. for S. disjuncta.

insolita, Winchell, 1862, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci., Portage Gr. [Sig. unusual.]

intermedia, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,
Oriskany sandstone. [Sig. interme-
diate.] This name was preoccupied
by Brongniart in 1829.

inutilis, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa, vol.
1, pt. 2, Ham. Gr. [Sig. insignificant.]

iowensis, Owen, 1852, Geo. Sur. Wis.,
Iowa & Min., Ham. Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]

kelloggi, Swallow, 1863, Trans. St. Louis
Acad. Sci., Keokuk Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]

kennicotti, Meek, 1868, Trans. Chi. Acad.
Sci., Ham. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

kentuckiensis, see Spiriferina kentuckiensis.

kentuckiensis var. propatula, see Spiriferina
kentuckiensis var. propatula.

keokuk, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,

Keokuk Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
keokuk var. shelbyensis, Swallow, 1866,

Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. 2,

Keokuk Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
laevigata, Swallow, 1863, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., Keokuk Gr. [Sig.

smoothed.]
laevis, Hall, 1843, (Delthvris lsevis) Geol.

4th Dist. N. Y., Portage Gr. [Sig.

smooth.]
lamellosa, see Athyris lamellosa.
laminosus, McCoy, as identified by Gein-

itz, is Spiriferina kentuckiensis.
lateralis, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,

AVarsaw Gr. [Sig. belonging to the

side.]
latior, Swallow, 1863, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., Low. Carb. [Sig. wider.]
leidyi, Norwood & Pratten, 1854, Jour.

Acad. Nat. Sci., 2d series, vol. 3,

Chester Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
leidyi var. chesterensis, Swallow, 1866,

Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. 2,

Chester Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
leidyi var. merrimacensis, Swallow, 1866,

Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. 2,

Warsaw Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
ligvji, syn. for S. pinnata.
lineatoides, Swallow, 1860, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., Low. Carb. [Sig.

like 8. lineatus.]
lineata, Martin, 1809, Petrif. Derb., Coal

Meas. [Sig. marked with lines.]
lineatus var. striato-lineatus, Swallow,

1866, Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol.

2, Coal Meas. [Sig. striated and lined.]
littoni, Swallow, 1860, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., St. Louis Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
logani, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. -Iowa, Keo-
kuk Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
hnsdalii, svn. for S. disjuncta.
macra, Hall, 1857, 10th Reg. Rep. Scho-
harie grit & Cornif. Gr. [Sig. lean.]
macra, Meek. This name was preoc-
cupied,
macronota, Hall, 1843, (Delthyris macro-

nota) Geo. 4th Dist. N. Y., Ham. Gr.

[Sig. long-sided.]
macropleura, Conrad, 1840, (Delthyris

macropleura) Ann. Rep. N. Y., Low.

Held. Gr. [Sig. long-sided.]
macroptera, as identified by d'Archiac &

Verneuil, is S. mucronota.
macrothyris, Hall, 1857, 10th Reg. Rep.,

Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. having a long

foramen.]
maia, Billings, 1860, (Athyris maia) Can.

Jour. Ind. Sci. & Arts, Cornif. Gr.

[Ety. mythological name.]
manni, Hall, 1857, 10th Reg. Rep., Cornif.

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
marcyi, Hall, 1857, 10th Reg. Rep., Ham.

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
marionensis, Shumard, 1855, Geo. Rep.

Mo., Ham. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

BRACHIOPODA.

131

medialis, Hall, 1843, (Delthyris medialis)
Geo. 4th Dist. N. Y., Ham. Gr. [Sig.
middle.]

medialis var. eatoni, Hall, 1857, (Spirifer
eatoui) 10th Reg. Rep., Ham. Gr.
[Ety. proper name.]

meeki, Swallow, 1860, Trans. St. Louis
Acad. Sci., Low. Carb. [Ety. proper
name.]

meristoides, Meek, 1868, Trans. St. Louis
Acad. Sci., Ham. Gr. [Sig. in the
form of a shell of the genus Merista.]

mesocostalis, Hall, 1843, (Delthyris mes-
ocostalis and D. acuminata) Geo. 4th
Dist. N. Y., Chemung Gr. [Sig. hav-
ing middle costee.]

mesostrialis, Hall, 1843, (Delthvris mes-
ostrialis) Geo. 4th Dist. N. Y., Ham.
and Chemung Gr. [Sig. having mid-

rneta, Hall, 1867, 20th Reg. Rep., Niagara

Gr. [Sig. a pillar in the form of a

cone.]
meiisebachianus, syn.for Spirifera camerata.
mexicana, Shumard, 1858, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., Permian Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
missouriensis, Swallow, 1860, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., Chemung Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
modesta, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Low. Held. Gr. [Ety. in allusion to

its small size.]
mucronata, Conrad, 1841, (Delthyris mu-

cronata) Ann. Rep. N. Y., Marcellus

shale, Ham. Gr. [Sig. sharp-pointed.]
multutriata, see Trematospira multistriata.
mysticensLs, Meek, 1872, Hayden's Geo.

Rep., Low. Carb. [Ety. proper name.]
neglecta, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa.,

Keokuk Gr. [Sig. overlooked, neg-
lected.]
niagarensis, Conrad, 1842, Jour. Acad.

Sat. Sci., vol. 8, Niagara Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
niagarensis var. oligoptycha, Roemer,

1860, Sil. Fauna West Tenn., Niagara

Gr. [Ety. oligos, few; ptyche, a fold.]
norwoodiana, Hall, 1858, Trans. Alb.

Inst., vol. 4, Warsaw Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
norwoodi, Meek, 1860, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci., Devonian. [Ety. proper name.]
octocostata, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. having eight

costae or folds.]
octoplicata, Sowerby, 1827, as identified by

Hall, syn. for Spiriferina kentuckiensis.
opima, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa, Coal

Meas. [Sig. large.]
orestes, Hall, 1873, 23rd Reg. Rep., Che-
mung Gr. [Ety. mythological name.]
oregonensis, Shumard, 1863, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., Coal Meas. [Ety.

proper name.]
osagensis, Swallow, 1860, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., Chemung Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]

oweni, Hall, 1857, 10th Reg. Rep., Up.

Held. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
pachyptei'a, Goldfuss, as identified by

Conrad in 1839, (Delthyris pachyp-

tera). Not American,
parryana, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,

vol. 1, pt. 2, Ham. Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
peculiaris, Shumard, 1855, Geo. Rep. Mo.,

Chemung Gr. [Sig. peculiar, singu-
lar.]
perforata, see Trematospira perforata,
pinnata, Owen, 1852, Geo. Rep. Wis.,

Iowa & Min., Ham. Gr. [Sig. winged.]
percrassa, McCoy, 1855, Brit. Pal. Rocks.,

Sil. Not satisfactorily identified in

America,
perextensa, Meek & Worthen, 1868, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 3, Carb. [Sig. very ex-
extended.]
(?) perforata, see Trematospira perforata,
perlamellosa, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol.
i 3, Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. having very

thin plates.]
perplexa, McChesney, 1860, New Pal.

Foss., Coal Meas. [Sig. very perplex-
ing-]
pertenuis, Hall, 1857, 10th Reg. Rep.,

Ham. Gr. [Sig. very slender.]
pharovicina, Winchell, 1862, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci., Portage Gr. [Sig. close by

the light house.]
pinonensis, Meek, 1870, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci., Up. Held. Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
planoconvexa, Shumard, 1855, Geo. Rep.

Mo., Coal Meas. [Ety. planus, plane;

convexw, convex.]
plena, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa, Bur-
lington Gr. [Sig. full, large.]
plicata, Vanuxem, 1843, see S. vanuxemi.
prematura, Hall, 1867, Pal. N. Y., vol. 4,

Chemung Gr. [Sig. too early, ripe

before its time.]
prolata, Vanuxem, 1842, (Delthyris pro-

lata) Geo. Rep. N. Y., Chemung Gr.

[Sig. prolonged.]
propinqua, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,

Keokuk Gr. [Ety. related to; from

its resemblance to S. subcuspidata.]
prora, Conrad, 1842, (Delthyris prora)

Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. 8, Ham. Gr.

[Sig. the prow of a ship.]
protensa, syn. for S. disjuncta.
pseudolineata, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep.

Iowa, Keokuk Gr. [Sig. false-lined.]
pulchra, Meek, 1860, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci., Coal Meas. [Sig. beautiful.]
pyramidalw, see Cyrtina pyramidalis.
pyxidata, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Oriskany sandstone. [Sig. made like

a box.]
racinensis, McChesney, 1861, Pal. Foss.,

Niagara Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
radiata, Sowerby, 1825, Min. Conch., vol.

5, Niagara Gr. [Sig. radiated.]

132

BRACHIOPODA.

raricosta, Conrad, 1842, (Delthyris rari-
costa") Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. 8,
Schoharie grit and Cornif. Gr. [Sig.
with few costse.]

resupinata, as identified by d'Arehiac &
Verneuil. Not American.

richardsoni, Meek, 1868, Trans. Chi.
Acad. Sci., Ham. Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]

rockymontana, Marcou, 1858, Geo. N.
Amer., Low. Carb. [Ety. proper
name.]

rostellata, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa, Ke-
okuk Gr. [Sig. having a little beak.]

rostellum, Hall, 1872, 24th Reg. Rep.,
Niagara Gr. [Sig. a little beak.]

rugicosta, Hall, I860, Can. Nat. Geo., vol.
5, Up. Sil. [Sig. having furrowed or
wrinkled plaits or folds.]

rugatina, Conrad, 1842, (Delthyris ruga-
tina) Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. 8,
Niagara Gr. [Sig. having little folds.]

saffordi, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,
Low. Held. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

scobina, Meek, 1860, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci., Coal Meas. [Sig. a rasp.]

sculptilis, Hall, 1843, (Delthyris sculptilis)
Geo. Rep. 4th Dist. N. Y., Ham. Gr.
[Sig. carved or graven.]

segmentata, Hall, 1857, 10th Reg. Rep.,
Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. made up of seg-
ments or pieces.]

semiplicata, Hall, I860, 13th Reg. Rep.,
Ham. Gr. [Sig. half-plicated.]

setigera, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa, Kas-
kaskia Gr. [Sig. bristly.]

sillana, Winchell, 1865, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci., Cuyahoga shale. [Ety. proper
name.]

similior, see Pentamerus similior.

solidirostris, AVhite, 1860, Bost. Jour. Nat.
Hist., Kinderhook Gr. [Sig. solid-
beaked.]

spinosa, see Spiriferina spinosa.

staminea, Hall, 1843, Geo. Rep. 4th
Dist. N. Y., Niagara Gr. [Sig. made
of threads, thready.]

striatiformis, Meek, 1875, Ohio Pal., vol.
2, Waverly Gr. [Sig. like 8. striata.]

striata, Martin, 1809, (Anomites striatus)
Petrif. Derb., Carb. [Sig. striated.]

striata var. triplicata, Marcou, 1858, Geol.
North America, Low. Carb. [Sig.
three-plicated.]

striatulus, as identified by d'Archiac &
Verneuil. Not American.

subsequalis, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,
Warsaw Gr. [Sig. somewhat equal.]

subattenuata, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,
Ham. Gr. [Sig. somewhat attenu-
ated.]

subcardiformis, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep.
Iowa, Warsaw Gr. [Sig. somewhat
heart-shaped.]

subcuspidata, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,
Keokuk Gr. [Sig. somewhat-pointed.]

subelliptica, McChesney, 1860, New Pal.
Foss., Coal Meas. [Sig. somewhat
elliptical.]

sublineata, Meek, 1868, Trans. Chi. Acad.
Sci., Ham. Gr. [Sig. somewhat stri-
ated.]

submucronata, Hall, 1857, 10th Reg. Rep.,
Oriskany sandstone. [Sig. somewhat
sharp-pointed.]

submucr<mata,Y[&\\, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,
vol. 1, pt. 2, Ham. Gr. This name
was preoccupied. See S. subattenuata.

suborbiculanis, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep.
Iowa, Keokuk Gr. [Sig. somewhat
orb-shaped.]

subrotundata, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,
vol. 1, pt. 2, Kinderhook Gr. [Sig.
somewhat rounded.]

subsulcata, Hall, 1860, Can. Nat. and
Geol., vol. 5, Up. Sil. [Sig. somewhat
furrowed.] This name was preoccu-
pied by Dalman in 1828.

subumbonata, Hall, 1857, (Orthis sub-
urn bona) 10th Reg. Rep., (Ambocoelia
subumbona) 13th Reg. Rep., Ham.
Gr. and Tully limestone. [Sig. some-
what protuberant.]

subundifera, Meek & Worthen, 1868,
Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 3, Ham. Gr. [Sig.
somewhat wavy.]

subvaricosa, Hall, 1873, 23rd Reg. Rep..
Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. somewhat
varicose.]

subventricosa, syn. S. opima.

sulcata, Hisinger, 1837, (Delthyris sul-
catus) Petrif. Suecica, Niagara Gr.
[Sig. furrowed.]

sulcifera, Shumard, 1858, Trans. St. Louis
Acad. Sci., Permian Gr. [Sig. bearing
furrows.]

mperba, Billings, 1874, Pal. Foss., vol. 2,
Devonian. [Sig. superb.] The name
was preoccupied by Eichwald in 1842.

tenuicostata, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa.
Warsaw Gr. [Sig. slender-ribbed.]

tenuimarginata, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep.
Iowa, Keokuk Gr. [Sig. thin-mar-
gined.]

tenuis, Hall, 1857, 10th Reg. Rep., Ham.
Gr. [Sig. slender, thin.]

tenuistriata, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol.
3, Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. having fine
radiating striae.]

tenuistriata, Shaler, 1865. The name was
preoccupied.

texana, Meek, 1871, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]

texta. Hall, 1857, 10th Reg. Rep., Che-
mung Gr. [Sig. woven.]

translata, Swallow, 1863, Trans. St. Louis
Acad. Sci., Low. Carb. [Sig. trans-
ferred.]

transversa, McChesney, 1860, New Pal.
Foss., Chester Gr. " [Sig. transverse,
crosswise.]

tribulis, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y, vol. 3,
Oriskany sandstone. [Sig. one of the
same flock.]

BRACHIOPODA.

133

Iriplicala, svn. for Spirifera oamerata.

tullia, Hall, 1867, Pal. N. Y.,vol. 4, Ham.

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
uiiditlata, Vanuxem, 1843, (Delthvris un-
dulatus) Geo. 3rd Dist. N. Y., Onon-
daga Gr. [Sig. undulating.] The
name was preoccupied.

unica, Hall, 1867, Pal. N. Y., vol. 4,
Cornif. Gr. [Sig. excellent, chief.]

vanuxemi, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,
Low. Held. Gr., described as Orthis
plicata by Vanuxem in the Geo. Rep.
3rd Dist. N. Y., but that name was
preoccupied. [Etv. proper name.]

varicosa, Hall, 1857, 10th Reg. Rep., Up.
Held. Gr. [Sig. varicose.]

ventricosa, see Nucleospira ventricosa.

veniista, syn. for .Spirifera divaricata.

vernonensis, Swallow, 1860, Trans. St.
Louis Acad. Sci., Chemung Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]

verneuili, syn. for S. disjuncta.

whitneyi, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,
Ham. and Chemung Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]

wortheni, Hall, 1857, 10th Reg. Rep.,
Ham. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

ziczac, Hall, 1843, (Delthyris zigzag) Geo.
Rep. 4th Dist. N. Y., Ham. Gr. [Sig.
slanting in straight lines from side to
side.]
Spiriferina, D'Orbigny, 1847, Consid. Zool.
et Geol. Sur. les Brachiopodes, Comp-
tes rendus des Sciences de l'Acade-
mie des Sciences. [Ety. Spirifera, a
genus of shells ; inus, implying resem-
blance.]

billingsi, Shumard, 1858, Trans. St. Louis
Acad. Sci., Permian Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]

binacuta, Winchell, 1865, Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci., Burlington Gr. [Ety. bis,
double; acutus, acute.]

clarksvillensis, Winchell, 1865, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci., Low. Carb. [Ety.
proper name.]

kentuckiensis, Shumard, 1855, (Spirifera
kentuckiensis) Geo. Rep. Mo., Coal
Meas. [Ety. proper name.]

kentuckiensis car. propatula, Swallow,
1866, (Spirifera kentuckiensis var. pro-
patula) Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci.,
vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. open.]

spinosa, Norwood & Pratten, (Spirifera
spinosa) 1855, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
vol. 3, 2d series, Warsaw Gr. [Sig.
spiny.]

spinosa var. campestris, White, 1874, Rep.
Invert. Foss., Carb. [Sig. of or be-
longing to the plain fields, rustic]

subtexta, White, 1862, Proc. Bost. Soc.
Nat. Hist., vol. 9, Burlington Gr.
[Sig. somewhat woven.]
Spirigera, syn. for Athyris.

americana, syn. for A. americana.

bihba, syn. for A. biloba.

caput-serpentis, syn. for A. caput-serpentis.

charUonensis, syn. for A. charitonensis.

etmUmenm, syn. for A. clintonensis.

coitcmtfira, syn. for A. spiriferoides.

corpvlmta, syn. for A. corpulenta.

ebarea, syn. for A. eborea.

euzana, syn. for A. euzona.

formoxa, syn. for A. formosa.

fnltoiunxix, syn. for A. fultonensis.

hatmihaierms, syn. for A. hannibalensis.

hcnom, syn. for A. hawni.

jacksoni, syn. for A. jacksoni.

maconensis, syn. for A. maconensis.

minima, syn. for A. minima.

missouriensis, syn. for A. missouriensis.

monticola, syn. for A. monticola.

obma.cima, syn. for A. obmaxinia.

ohioensis, syn. for A. ohioensis.

pectinifera, syn. for A. pectinifera.

plattensis, syn. for A. plattensis.

prouti, syn. for A. prouti.

reftexa, syn. for A. reflexa.

singletoni, syn. for A. singletoni.

spiriferoides, syn. for A. spiriferoides.
Stexoschisma, Conrad, 1839, Ann. Rep. N.
Y. [Ety. stenos, narrow ; schisma, a
fissure.] Written Stenocisma by Con-
rad.

billingsi, Hall, 1867, Pal. N. Y., vol. 4,
Cornif. Gr. The same that Billings
called Rynchonella thalia, Can. Jour.,
1860, but the name was preoccupied.
[Ety. proper name.]

carica, Hall, 1S67, Pal. N. Y., vol. 4, Ham.
Gr. [Sig. a kind of drv fig.]

Carolina, Hall, 1867, Pal/ N. Y., vol. 4,
Cornif. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

congregatum, Conrad, 1841, (Atrypa con-
gregate) Ann. Rep. N. Y., Ham. Gr.
[Sig. gathered together.]

contractum, Hall, 18 43, (Atrypa con-
tracta) Geo. 4th Dist. N. Y., Chemung
Gr. [Sig. contracted, drawn together.]

contractum var. saxatile, Hall, 18(57, Pal.
ST. Y„, vol. 4, Chemung Gr. [Sig.
that lives among stone or rocks.]

dotis, Hall, 1867, Pal. N. Y., vol. 4, Ham.
Gr. [Sig. an ornament]

duplicatum, Hall, 1843, (Atrypa dupli-
cate) Geo. 4th Dist. N. Y., Chemung
Gr. [Sig. doubled.]

eximium, Hall, 1843, (Atrypa eximia)
Geo. 4th Dist. N. Y., Chemung Gr.
[Sig. choice, select]

horsfordi, Hall, 18 60, 13th Reg. Rep.,
Cornif. Gr., Marcellus shale & Ham.
Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

orbiculare, Hall, 1860, (Rhynchonella or-
bicularis) 13th Reg. Rep., Chemung
Gr. [Sig. orb-shaped.]

prolificum, Hall, 1867, Pal. N. Y., vol. 4,
Ham. Gr. [Sig. fruitful, prolific]

royanum, Hall, 1860, Pal. N. Y., vol. 4,
Cornif. Gr. [Etv. proper name.]

sappho, Hall, 1860, (Rhynahonella
sappho) 13th Reg. Rep., Marcellus
shale & Ham. Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]

stephani, Hall, 1867, Pal. N. Y., vol. 4,
Chemung Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

134

BRACHIOPODA.

tethys, Billings, 1860, (Rhynchonella
tethys) Can. Jour., Cornif. Gr. [Ety.
mythological name.]
Streptobhynchus, King, 1850, Monograph
of Permian Fossils. [Ety. strepto, I
bend or twist; rhynchos, a beak.]

antiquatus, Sowerby, 1839, (Strophomena
antiquata) Murch. Sil. Syst, Mid. Sil.
[Sig. ancient.]

arctostriatus, Hall, 1843, (Strophomena
arctostriata) Geo. Rep. 4th Dist. N.
Y., Chemung Gr. [Sig. closelv striated.]

arctostriatm, Hall, 1860, 13th Reg. Rep.,
(Orthisina arctostriata) Ham. Gr.
This name was preoccupied.

chemungensis, Conrad, 1843, (Stropho-
mena chemungensis) Jour. Acad.
Nat. Sci., Chemung Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]

crassus, Meek & Hayden, 1858, (Orthis-
ina crassa) Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil.,
Coal Meas.. [Sig. thick.]

crenistriatus, Phillips, 1836,(Spirifera cre-
nistria) Geo. York., vol. 2, Waverly
Gr. [Sig. having crooked stria?.]

deflectus, Conrad, 1843, (Strophomena
deflecta) Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil.,
Trenton Gr. [Sig. bent down.]

elongatus, James, 1874, Cin. Quar. Jour.
Sci., Cin'ti. Gr. [Sig. from the long
cardinal line.]

filitextus, Hall, 1847, (Strophomena fili-
texta) Pal. N. Y., vol. 1, Trenton and
Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. woven like
thread.]

hallianus, S. A. Miller, 1874, Cin. Quar.
Jour. Sci., vol. 1, Cin'ti Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]

hemiaster, syn. for S. subplanum.

lens, White, 1862, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat.
Hist., vol. 9, Chemung Gr. [Sig. a
concavo-convex shell.]

nutans, James, 1873, (Hemipronites nu-
tans) Pal. Ohio, vol. 1, Cin'ti Gr. [Sig.
bent over.]

occidentalis, Newberry, 1861, Ives' Col.
Ex. Exped., Up. Carb. [Sig. western.]

pandora, Billings, 1860, Can. Jour., Scho-
harie grit and Cornif. Gr. [Ety.
mythological name.]

pectinaceus, Hall, 1843, (Strophomena
pectinacea and S. bifurcata) Geo. Rep.
4th Dist. N. Y., Chemung Gr. and
Waverly sandstone. [Sig. like a
Pecten.}

perversus, Hall, 1857, (Orthis perversa)
10th Reg. Rep. (Orthisina alternata,
1860, 13th Reg. Rep.) Cornif. and
Ham. Gr. [Sig. turned upside down.]

planoconvexus, Hall, 1847, (Leptsena
planoconvexa) Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,
Hud. River Gr. [Ety. planus, plane ;
convexus, convex.]

planumbonus, Hall, 1847, (Leptsena
planumbona) Pal. N. Y., vol. 1, Tren-
ton & Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. flat on the
umbo.]

pyramidalis, Newberry, 1861, Ives' Col.
Ex. Exped., Carb. [Sig. pointed like
a pyramid.]

radiatus, Vanuxem, 1843, (Strophomena
radiata) Geo. Rep. 3rd Dist. N. Y.,
Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. radiated.]

rectus, Conrad, 1843, (Strophomena
recta) Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. 1,
Black Riv. and Trenton Gr. [Sig.
straight.]

sinuatus, Emmons, 1855, Am. Geol.,
Cin'ti Gr. [Sig. marked with depres-
sions, wavy.]

subplanus, Conrad, 1842, Jour. Acad.
Nat. Sci., vol. 8, (Strophomena sub-
plana) Niagara Gr. [Sig. somewhat
flat.]

subtentus, Conrad, 1847, (Strophomena
subtenta) Pal. N. Y., vol. 1, Trenton &
Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. somewhat bent.]

sulcatus, Verneuil, 1848, (Leptrena sul-
cata) Bull. Geol. Soc. France, vol. 5,
Cin'ti Gr. [Sig. furrowed.]

tenuis, Hall, 1858, Trans. Alb. Inst, vol.
4, Niagara Gr. [Sig. slight, slender.]

umbraculum, V. Buch, (Orthis umbra-
culum) Ueber Delthyris, &c, Devon-
ian to the Permian Gr. [Sig. an um-
brella.]

vetustus, James, 1874, Cin. Quar. Jour.
Sci., vol. 1, Cin'ti Gr. [Sig. old.]

woolworthianus, Hall, 1859, (Stropho-
mena woolworthiana) Pal. N. Y., vol.

3, Low. Held. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
StricHandia, Billings, 1859, Can. Nat. Geo.,

vol. 4. This name having been pre-
viously applied to a genus of fossil
plants" the author abandoned it and
proposed Stricklandinia.
Stricklandinia, Billings, 1863, Can. Nat. &
Geo., vol. 8. [Ety. proper name.]

anticostiensis, Billings, 1863, Can. Nat.
Geo., vol. 8, Anticosti Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]

(?) arachne, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss.,
vol. 1, Quebec Gr. [Ety. mytho-
logical name.]

(?) arethusa, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss.,
vol. 1, Quebec Gr. [Ety. mythologi-
cal name.]

brevis, Billings, 1859, Can. Nat. Geo., vol.

4, Mid. Sil. [Sig. short.]
canadensis, Billings, 1859, Can. Nat. Geo.,

vol. 4, Clinton Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
castellana, White, 1876, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci., Niagara Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
davidsoni, Billings, 1868, Lond. Geo.

Mag., vol. 5, Up. Sil. [Ety. proper

name.]
deformis, Meek & Worthen, 1870, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Niagara Gr.

[Sig. deformed, ugly shaped.]
elongata, see Amphigenia elongata.
elongata var. curta, see Amphigenia curta.
gaspensis, Billings, 1859, Can. Nat. Geo.,

vol. 4, Mid. Sil. [Ety. proper name.]

BRACHIOPODA.

lens. The fossil referred to this species
was afterward described as S. david-
soni.

melissa, Billings, 1874, Pal. Foss., vol. 2,
Mid. Sil. [Ety. mythological name.]

salteri, Billings, 1874, Pal. Foss., vol. 2,
Mid. Sil. [Ety. proper name.]
Strophalosia, King, 1844, Ann. &Mag. Nat.
Hist., vol. 14. [Ety. stroplie, a bend-
ing; alos, a disc]

horrescens, Geinitz, 1866, Carb. und Dyas
in Neb. Prof. Meek regarded this
name as a syn. for Productus nebras-
censis.

numularis, Winchell, 1863, Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci., Chemung Gr. [Sig. like a
little coin.]

subaculeata, 5lurehison, 1845, Bui. Geol.
Soc. de France, Coal Meas. [Sig.
somewhat thorny or furnished with
prickles.]
Strophodonta, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2.
[Ety. strophos, bent; odous, tooth.]

sequicostata, Swallow, 1860, Trans. St.
Louis Acad. Sci., Ham. Gr. [Sig.
equal-ribbed.]

altidorsata, Swallow, 1860, Trans. St.
Louis Acad. Sci., Devonian. [Sig.
high backed.]

alveata, Hall, 1863, 16th Reg. Rep., Scho-
harie grit. [Sig. channeled.]

ampla, Hall, 1857, (Strophomena ampla)
10th Reg. Rep., Schoharie grit and
Cornif. Gr. [Sig. full, large.]

arcuata, Hall, 1858, Geo. of Iowa, Ham.
Gr. [Sig. bent, arched.]

becki, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3, Low.
Held. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

boonensis, Swallow, 1860, Trans. St. Louis
Acad. Sci., Low. Devonian. [Ety.
proper name.]

cfelata, Hall, 1867, Pal. N. Y., vol. 4,
Chemung Gr. [Sig. sculptured.]

callawayensis, Swrallow, 1860, Trans. St.
Louis Acad. Sci., Ham. Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]

callosa, Hall, 1863, 16th Reg. Rep., Scho-
harie grit. [Sig. having a thick shell.]

canace, Hall, 1873, 23rd Reg. Rep., Che-
mung Gr. [Ety. mythological name.]

cavumbona, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol.
3, Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. having a hol-
low umbo.]

cayuta, Hall, 1867, Pal. N. Y., vol. 4,
Chemung Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

cincta, Winchell, 1866, Rep. Low. Penin-
sula Mich., Ham. Gr. [Ety. ductus,
girdled ; in allusion to a ridge around
the border of the inside of the ventral
valve.]

concava, Hall, 1857, (Strophomena con-
cava) 10th Reg. Rep., Cornif. and
Ham. Gr. [Sig. concave.]

costata, Owen, 1852, Geo. Sur. Wis.,
Iowa and Minn., Devonian. [Sig.
ribbed.]

crebristriata, Conrad, 1842, (Strophomena
crebristriata) Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
vol. 8, Schoharie grit. [Sig. thickly
striated.]

cymbiformis, Swallow, 1860, Trans. St.
Louis Acad. Sci., Devonian. [Sig.
boat-shaped.]

demissa, Conrad, 1842, (Strophomena
demissa) Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. 8,
Schoharie grit, Cornif., Ham. and
Chemung Gr. [Sig. hanging down.]

erratica, Winchell, 1866, Rep. Low. Pen-
insula Mich., Ham. Gr. [Sig. wander-
ing, erratic]

fragilis, syn. for Strophodonta perplana.

geniculata, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,
Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. geniculated.]

headleyana, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,
Low. Held. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

hemispherica, Hall, 1857, (Strophomena
hemispherica) 10th Reg. Rep., Scho-
harie Grit & Cornif. Gr. [Sig. hemi-
spherical.]

hybrida, Hall, 1873, 23rd Reg. Rep.,
Chemung Gr. [Sig. a hybrid.]

imitata, Winchell, 1866, Rep. Low. Penin.
Mich., Ham. Gr. [Sig. imitating, like
S. insequistriata.~\

in?squiradiata, Hall, 1857, 10th Reg. Rep.,
Schoharie Grit & Cornif. Gr. [Sig.
unequal-rayed.]

inaequistriata, Conrad, 1842, (Strophomena
inaequistriata) Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
vol. 8, Cornif. & Ham. Gr., Moscow
shales. [Sig. having unequal stria?.]

indentata, Conrad, (Leptama indentata)
1838, Ann. Rep. N. Y., Low. Held.
Gr. [Sig. indented.] t

inflexa, Swallow, 1860, Trans. St. Louis
Acad. Sci., Devonian. [Sig. bowed,
made crooked.]

intermedia, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,
Oriskany sandstone. [Sig. interme-
diate.]

iowensis, Owen, 1852, Geo. Sur. Wis.,
Iowa & Minn., Devonian. [Ety.
proper name.]

junia, Hall, 1867, Pal. N. Y., vol. 4,
Cornif., Ham. & Tully Gr., (changed
from textilis, in the corrigenda and
index). [Ety. proper name.]

kemperi, Swallow, 1860, Trans. St. Louis
Acad. Sci., Devonian. [Ety. proper
name.]

leaven worthiana, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y.,
vol. 3, Low. Held. Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]

lepida, svn. for S. nacrea.

lincklami, Hall, 1857, 10th Reg. Rep.,
Oriskany sandstone. [Ety. proper
name.] "

magnirira, Hall, 1857, 10th Reg. Rep.,
Oriskany sandstone. [Sig. magnifi-
cent.]

magniventra, Hall, 1857, 10th Reg. Rep.,
Oriskany sandstone. [Sig. large
bellied.]

136

BRACHIOPODA.

mucronata, Conrad, 1842, (Strophomena

mucronata) Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol.

8, Chemung Gr. [Sig. sharp- pointed.]
nacrea, Hall, 1857, (Strophomena nacrea)

10th Reg. Rep., Cornif. and Ham.

Gr. [Sig. iridescent, like mother of

pearl.]
navalis, Swallow, 1860, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., Devonian. [Sig. like a

ship.]
parva, Owen, 1852, Geo. Sur. Wis., Iowa

and Minn., Ham. Gr. [Sig. small.]
parva, Hall, 1863, 16th Reg. Rep., Scho-
harie grit. This name was preoccu-
pied,
patersoni, Hall, 1857, (Strophomena pat-

ersoni) 10th Reg. Rep., Schoharie

grit and Cornif. Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
perplana, Conrad, 1842, (Strophomena

perplana) Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol.

8, Onondaga, Schoharie, Cornif., Ham.

and Chemung Gr. [Sig. very plain.]
perplana var. nervosa, Hall, 1843, (Stro-
phomena nervosa) Geo. Rep. 4th

Dist. N. Y., Chemung Gr. [Sig. full

of sinews.]
planulata, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. flat.]
plicata, Hall, 1860, 13th Reg. Rep., Ham.

Gr. [Sig. folded, plaited.]
prisma, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,

Clinton Gr. [Sig. ancient.]
profunda, Hall, 1852, (Leptaena profunda)

Pal. N. Y., vol. 2, Niagara Gr. [Sig.

deep.]
punctulifera, Conrad, 18 3 8, (Leptaena

punctulifera) Ann. Rep. N. Y., Low.

Held. Gr. .[Sig. hearing punctures.]
reversa, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa, Ham.

Gr. [Sig. reversed.]
semifasciata, Hall, 1863, Trans. Alh. Inst,

vol. 4, Niagara Gr. [Sig. half-handed.]
subcymbiformis, Swallow, 1860, Trans.

St. Louis Acad. Sci., Devonian. [Sig.

somewhat boat-shaped.]
varistriata, Conrad, 1842, (Strophomena

varistriata) Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol.

8, Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. differently

striated.]
varistriata var. arata, Hall, 1850, Pal. N.

Y., vol. 3, Low. Held. Gr. [Sig.

furrowed. ]
vascularia, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Oriskany sandstone. [Sig. vascular.]
Strophomkna, Rafinesque, 1825, Manuel de

Malacologie of Blainville. [Ety.

xtrophos, bent; mew, a crescent.]
acutiradiata, see Chonetes acutiradiata.
alternata, Conrad, 1838, (Leptaena alter-

nata) Ann. Rep. N. Y., Trenton and

Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. alternating.]
alterniradiata, Shaler, 1865, Bulletin, No.

4, M. C. Z., Anticosti Gr. [Sig. alter-
nately radiated.]
alternistriata, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol.

1, Trenton and Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig.

alternately striated.]

alternata var. loxorhytis, Meek, 1873,

Ohio Pal., vol. 1, Cin'ti Gr. [Sig.

cross-wrinkled.]
ampla, see Strophodonta ampla.
analoga, Phillips, 1836, Geol. Yorkshire,

vol. 2, Low. Carb. [Sig. like analo-
gous.]
anticodiensis, syn. for Strophomena alter-
nata.
antiquata, see Streptorhynchus antiqua-

tus.
arctostriata, see Streptorhynchus arctos-

triatus.
arcuata, Shaler, 1865. This name was

preoccupied,
arethusa, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Hud. Riv. Gr. [Ety. mythological

name.]
aurora, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Quebec Gr. [Sig. in the morning.]
bifurcata, syn. for Streptorhynchus pecti-

naceus.
bipartita, Hall, 1852, (Leptaena bipartita)

Pal. N. Y., vol. 2, Coralline limestone.

[Sig. double-partitioned.]
blainvilli, Billings, 1874, Pal. Foss., vol.

2, Up. Sil. [Ety. proper name.]
camerata, Conrad, 1842, Jour. Acad. Nat.

Sci., vol. 8, Trenton Gr. [Sig. arched

or vaulted.]
carinata, Conrad, 1838, see Tropidoleptus

carinatus.
carinata, Conrad, 1842, see Chonetes

carinata.
ceres, Billings, 1860, Can. Nat. & Geo.,

vol. 5, Hud. Riv. Gr. and Mid. Sil.

[Ety. mythological name.]
chemungensis, Conrad, 1842, Jour. Acad.

Nat. Sci., vol. 8, Chemung Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
conc.ava, see Strophodonta concava.
conracM, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Low. Held. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
convexa, Owen, 1840, Rep. on Mineral

Lands, Calcif. Gr. [Sig. convex.]
cornuta, see Chonetes cornuta.
corrugata, Conrad, 1842, Jour. Acad.

Nat. Sci., vol. 3, Clinton Gr. [Sig.

wrinkled.]
crebristrkita, see Strophodonta crebris-

triata.
crenistria, syn. for Strophodonta perplana.
declivis, syn. for Strophomena alternata.
deflecta, see Streptorhynchus deflectus.
deltoidea, Conrad, 1839, Ann. Rep. N. Y.,

Trenton Gr. [Sig. shaped like the

Greek letter Delta.']
delthyris, syn. for Strophodonta perplana.
demma, see Strophodonta demissa.
depressa, Sowerby, 1825, (Producta de-

pressa) vol. 6, Min. Conchology, Up.

Sil. [Sig. depressed.]
depressa var. 'ventricosa, see Strophomena

rugosa var. A^entricosa.
elegantula, Hall, 1843, Geo. Rep, 4th Dist.

N. Y., Clinton Gr. [Sig. quite ele-
gant.]

BRACHIOPODA.

137

elongata, Conrad, 1842, Jour. Acad. Nat-

Sci., vol. 8, Low. Held. Gr. [Sig.

elongated.]
elliptica, Conrad, 1839, Ann. Rep. N. Y.,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. elliptical.]
euglypha, syn. for Strophodonta punctu-

lifera.
fasciata, Hall, 1847, (Leptsena fasciata)

Pal. N. Y., vol. 1, Chazy Gr. [Sig.

swathed, banded.]
filitexta, see Streptorhynchus filitextus.
fluctuosa, Billings, 1860, Can. Nat. Geo.,

vol. 5, Trenton & Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig.

wavy.]
fontinalis, White, 18 74, Rep. Invert.

Foss., Quebec Gr. [Ety. fans, a

fountain or spring.]
fracta, Meek, 1873, Pal. Ohio, vol. 1,

Cin'ti Gr. [Sig. broken, weak.]
fragilis, syn. for Strophodonta perplana.
galatea, Billings, 1874, Pal. Foss., vol. 2,

Devonian. [Ety. mythological name.]
geniculate,, Shaler, (Brachyprion genicu-

latum). The name was preoccupied,
gibbosa, Conrad, 1841, Ann. Geo. Rep.

N. Y., Onondaga Gr. [Sig. gibbous.]
hecuba, Billings, 1860, Can. Nat. Geo.,

vol. 5, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Ety. mytho-
logical name.]
hemispherica, see Strophodonta hemis-

pherica.
imbecillis, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol.

1, Quebec Gr. [Sig. feeble.]
imbrex, Pander, 1845, in Russia & Ural

Mountains, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. im-
bricated.] The identification very

doubtful in America.
impressa, syn. for Strophodonta varistriata.
incrassata, Hall, 1847, (Leptsena incras-

sata) Pal. N. Y., vol. 1, Chazy to Hud.

Riv. Gr. [Sig. thickened.]
indentata, Conrad, 1842, Geo. Rep. 3rd

Dist. N. Y., Held. Gr. [Sig. indented.]
intequiradiata, see Strophodonta insequira-

diata.
insequktriata, see Strophodonta insequi-

striata.
interstrialk, Phillips, in Geo. 4th Dist. N.

Y., see Strophodonta cavuta.
irene, Billings, 1874, Pal. Foss., vol. 2,

Devonian. [Ety. proper name.]
ithacensis, Vanuxem, 1842, Geo. Rep. N.

Y., Portage Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
julia, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Mid. Sil. [Ety. proper name.]
lachrymosa, see Productella lachrymosa.
laevis, Emmons, 1842, Geo. Rep. N. Y.,

Birdseye Gr. [Sig. smooth.]
leda, Billings, 1860, Can. Nat. Geo., vol.

5, Mid. Sil. [Ety. mythological name.]
lepida, syn. for Strophodonta nacrea.
lima, see Productella lachrymosa var.

lima.
lineala, see Chonetes lineata.
macra, syn. for Strophodonta semifasciata.
magniventra, see Strophodonta magniven-

tra.
18

membranacea, of Phillips, as identified by
Vanuxem, 1842, Geo. 3rd Dist. N. Y.,
see Productella hirsuta.

modesta, Conrad, 1839, Ann. Rep. N. Y.,
Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. not large.]

mucronata, see Strophodonta mucronata.

nacrea, see Strophodonta nacrea.

nasuta, Conrad, 1842, Jour. Acad. Nat.
Sci., vol. 8, Trenton & Hud. Riv. Gr.
[Sig. having a prominent nose.]

nassula, Conrad, 1848, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci., vol. 3, Carb. [Sig. a little bag-net.]

nervosa, see Strophodonta perplana var.
nervosa.

niagarensis, syn. for Strophodonta pro-
funda.

nitens, Billings, 1860, Can. Nat. Geo.,
vol. 5, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. neat.]

nutans, see Streptorhynchus nutans.

obscura, Hall, 1852, (Leptsena obscura)
Pal. N. Y, vol. 2, Clinton Gr. [Sig.
obscure.]

orthididse, Hall, 1852, (Leptsena orthi-
didse) Pal. N. Y, vol. 1, Clinton Gr.
[Sig. like a shell of the genus Orthis.]

patenta, Hall, 1852, (Leptsena patenta)
Pal. N. Y., vol. 2, Clinton Gr. [Sig.
spreading.] patens would be better
orthography.

patersoni, see Strophodonta patersoni.

pecten, Linnseus, 1758, (Anomia pecten)
Syst. Nat., Niagara Gr. [Sig. comb-
like.] Not American.

pectinacea, see Streptorhynchus pectin-
aceus.

perplana, see Strophodonta perplana.

philomela, Billings, 1860, Can. Nat. Geo.,
vol. 5, Mid. Sil. [Ety. mythological
name.]

planoconvexa, see Streptorhynchus plano-

convexus.
'planumbona, see Streptorhynchus plan-
umbonus.

plicata, syn. for Streptorhynchus sub-
tentus.

plicifera, Hall, 1847, (Leptsena plicifera)
Pal. N. Y., vol. 1, Chazy Gr. [Sig.
bearing plications.]

pluristriata, syn. for Strophodonta per-
plana.

profunda, see Strophodonta profunda.

punctulifera, see Strophodonta punctuli-
fera.

pustulosa, syn. for Productella truncata.

radiata, see Streptorhynchus radiatus.

recta, see Streptorhynchus rectus.

rectilateris, syn. for Strophodonta vari-
striata.

rhomboidalis, Wahlenberg, 1821, Acta.
Soc. Sci., Upsaliensis. This species
ranges from the Trenton Group in
the Lower Silurian to the Hamilton
and Chemung Group, regarding S.
tenuistriata, S. depressa and S. rugosa
as varieties only. The type however
is the Devonian form. [Sig. rhom-
boidal.]

138

BRACHIOPODA.

reticulata, Shaler, 1865, Bulletin No. 4,
M. C. Z., Anticosti Gr. [Sig. reticu-
lated.]

rugosa, Dalman, 1827, (Leptsena rugosa)
Vet. Acad. Handlinger, Niagara &
Low. Held. Gr. This form is sup-
posed to be the type of Rafinesque's
genus Strophomena. The species is
usually regarded as merely a variety
of S. rhomboidalis. [Sig. wrinkled.']

rugosa var. ventricosa, Hall, 1857, (S. de-

Sressa var. ventricosa) 10th Reg. Rep.,
riskany sandstone. [Sig. bulging-
out.]

setigera, see Chonetes setigera.

semiovalis, Conrad, syn. for Leptsena ser-
icea.

semiovalis, Shaler. The name had been
twice preoccupied.

squamula, James, 1874, Cin. Quar. Jour.
Sci., vol. 1, Cin'ti Gr. [Sig. a little

striata, Hall, 1843, Geo. Rep. 4th Dist. N.

Y., Niagara Gr. [Sig. striated.]
subdemma, syn. for Strophodonta demissa.
subplana, see Streptorhynchus subpla-

nus.
subtenta, see Streptorhynchus subtentus.
syrtalis, syn. for Chonetes carinata.
tenuilineata, Conrad, 1842, Jour. Acad.

Nat. Sci., vol. 8, Trenton Gr. [Sig.

slender-lined.]
tenuistriata, Sowerby, 1839, (Leptsena

tenuistriata) Murch. Sil. Syst., Low.

Sil. [Sig. fine-lined.]
textilis, see Strophodonta junia.
thalia, Billings, 1860, Can. Nat. Geo., vol.

5, Trenton Gr. [Ety. mythological

name.]
transversalis, see Leptsena transversalis.
trilobata, Owen, 1852, (Leptsena trilobata)

Geo. par. Wis., Iowa & Minn., Trentop

Gr. [Sig. three-lobed.]
tullia, Billings, 1874, Pal. Foss., vol. 2,

Low. Devonian. [Ety. proper name.]
undulata, syn. for S. rhomboidalis.
undulosa, Conrad, 1841, Ann. Rep. N.

Y., Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. full of un-
dulations.]
unicostata, Meek & Worthen, 1868, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 3, Cin'ti Gr. [Sig.

single-ribbed.]
varistriata, see Strophodonta varistriata.
ventricosa, Shaler, (Brachyprion ventri-

cosum). The name was preoccupied.
wooltvorthana, see Streptorhynchus wool-
worth an us.
Syntrielasma, Meek & Worthen, 1865, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. [Ety. syn, together;

treis, three ; elasma, plate.]
hemiplicatum, Hall, 1852,(Spirifera hemi-

plicata) Stan's. Ex. to Great Salt Lake,

Coal Meas. [Sig. half-folded or

plaited.]
Syringothyris, Winchell, 1863, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci. [Ety. syrinx, a pipe or

channel; thyris] a small window or

orifice.]

halli, Winchell, 1863, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci., Low. Carb. [Ety. proper name.]
typus, Winchell, 1863, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci. Phil., Low. Carb. [Ety. type of

the genus.]
Terebratula, Llhwyd, 1696, Lith. Brit.

Ichn. [Ety. diminutive of terebrains,

perforated.]
affinis, syn. for Atrypa reticularis.
aprinis, see Rhynchonella aprinis.
arcuata, Swallow, 1863, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., Low. Carb. [Sig. bent or

arched.] The name was preoccupied

by Roemer in 1840.
argentea, see A thyris argentea.
aspera, see Atrypa aspera.
bidentata, see Rhynchonella bidentata.
bovidens, Morton, 1836, Am. Jour. Sci.,

vol. 29, Coal Meas. [Ety. bos, an ox ;

dens, a tooth.]
breviroslris, see Rhynchonella brevirostris.
brevilobata, Swallow, 1863, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., Low. Carb. [Sig.

short-lobed.]
burlingtonensis, White, 1860, Bost. Jour.

Nat. Hist., Kinderhook Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
concentrica, syn. for Athyris spiriferoides.
crenulata, Sowerby, 1840, (Atrypa crenu-

lata) Geo. Trans., 2nd series, vol. 5,

Devonian. [Sig. crenulated.]
cuneata, see Rhynchonella cuneata.
elia, Hall, 1867, Pal. N. Y., vol. 4, Up.

Held- Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
elongata, Schlotheim, 1817, Akad. Munich,

vol. 6, Permian Gr. [Sig. elongated.]
formosa, Hall, 1858, Trans. Alb. Inst.,

vol. 4, Warsaw Gr. [Sig. beautiful.]
geniculosa, syn. for Terebratula bovidens.
gracilis, Swallow, 1863, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., Low. Carb. [Sig. slender.]

The name was preoccupied by Von

Buch in 1834.
harmonia, Hall, 1867, Pal. N. Y., vol. 4,

Cornif. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
inornata, McChesney, 1860, New Pal.

Foss., Carb. [Sig. not ornamented.]
insperata, Phillips, 1841, Pal. Foss., De-
vonian. [Sig. unexpected.]
interplicata, see Rhynchonella interpli-

cata.
jucunda, Hall, 1867, Pal. N. Y., vol. 4,

Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. welcome.]
lens, Hall, 1860, 13th Reg. Rep., Cornif.

Gr. [Sig. convex on both sides.]
laticosta, see Atrypa laticosta.
lincklseni, Hall, 1860, 13th Reg. Rep.,

Ham. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
lynx, see Orthis lynx.
marcyi, see Retzia marcyi.
marginalia, see Atrypa marginalis.
michelini, see Orthis michelini.
millepunctata, syn. for T. bovidens.
mormoni, see Retzia mormoni.
navicella, Hall, 1867, Pal. N. Y., vol. 4,

Ham. Gr. [Sig. a little boat.]
Ontario, Hall, 1867, Pal. N. Y., vol. 4,

Ham. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

BRACHIOPODA.

139

oroides, see Rensselseria ovoides.
parva, Swallow, 1863, Trans. St. Louis
Acad. Sci., Low. Carb. [Sig. small.]
' The name was preoccupied by d'Arch-

iac in 1846.
perinflata, Shumard,. 1859,Trans. St. Louis
Acad. Sci., Permian Gr. [Sig. very

much inflated.]
planirostra, see Cryptonella planirostra.
rectirostra, see Cryptonella rectirostra.
reticularis, see Atrypa reticularis,
roemingeri, Hall, 1863, 16th Reg. Rep.,

Ham. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
sacculus, Martin, 18 09, Petrif. Derb.,

Low. Carb. [Sig. a little sack.]
schiotheimi, see Camerophoria schlotheimi.
simulator, Hall, 1867, Pal. N. Y., vol. 4,

Ham. Gr. [Sig. an imitator.]
gpiriferoides, see Athyris spiriferoides.
subtilita, see Athyris subtilita.
sullivanti, Hall, Pal. N. Y., vol. 4, Up.

Held. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
traversensis, Winchell, 1866, Rep. Low.

Penin. Mich., Ham. Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
trinuclea, Hall, 1858, Trans. Alb. Inst.,

vol. 4, Warsaw Gr. [Sig. three-

kerneled.]
turgida, Hall, 1858, Trans. Alb. Inst., vol.

4, Warsaw Gr. [Sig. swollen-out.]
uta, see Rhynchonella uta.
vrilsoni, see Rhynchonella wilsoni.
Terebratulites, Schlotheim, syn. for Spirifera.

biforatus, see Orthis biforata.
Tbemati8, Sharpe, 1847, Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc, vol. 13. [Ety. trema, an opening.]
cselata, see Obolella cselata.
cancellata, Sowerby, 1825, (Orbicula can-

cellata) Zool. Jour., vol. 2, Trenton Gr.

[Sig cancellated.]
crassa, see Obolella crassa.
dyeri, S. A. Miller, 1874, Cin. Quar. Jour.

Sci., vol. 1, Cin'ti Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
Jttosa, see Schizocrania filosa.
huronensis, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss.,

vol. 1, Black Riv. Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
montrealensis, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss.,

vol. 1, Trenton Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
millepunctata, Hall, 1866, Pamphlet,

Cin'ti Gr. [Sig. many dotted.]
ottawaensis, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol.

1, Trenton Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
pannulus, White, 1874, Rep. on Invert.

Foss., Potsdam Gr. [Sig. a small

piece of cloth.]
punctostriata, Hall, 1873, 23rd Reg. Rep.,

Trenton & Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. punc-
tured and striated. ]
(?) pustulosa, Hall, 1866, Pamphlet, Hud.

Riv. Gr. [Sig. covered with pustules.]
rudis, Hall, 1873, 23rd Reg. Rep., Tren-
ton Gr. [Sig. rough.]
terminalis, Emmons, 1842, (Orbicula ter-

minalis) Geo. Rep. N. Y., Trenton Gr.

[Sig. terminating.]

Trematospira, Ball, 1859, 12th Reg. Rep.

[Ety. trema, foramen ; spira, a spire ;

in allusion to the perforation in the

beak of the ventral valve.]
acadiae.Hall, 1860, Can. Nat. & Geo., vol.

5, Up. Sil. [Ety. proper name.]
camura, Hall, 1852, (Atrypa camura) Pal.

N. Y., vol. 2, Low. Held. Gr. [Sig.

an arch.]
costata, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. ribbed.]
deiveyi, see Rhynchospira deweyi.
formosa, see Rhynchospira formosa.
gibbosa, Hall, I860, 13th Reg. Rep., Ham.

Gr. [Sig. gibbous.]
globosa, Hall, 1856, 9th Reg. Rep., (Wald-

heimia globosa) Low. Held. Gr. [Sig.

globular.]
granulifera, Meek, 1872, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci. Phil., Cin'ti Gr. [Sig. bearing

granules.]
hirsuta, Hall, 1857, (Atrypa hirsuta) 10th

Reg. Rep., Cornif. and Ham. Gr.

[Sig. rough, hairy.]
imbricata, Hall, 1857, 10th Reg. Rep.,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. like one upon

another, as slates on a roof.]
mathewsoni, McChesney, 1861, New Pal.

Foss., Niagara Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
multistriata, Hall, 1857, 10th Reg. Rep.,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. many-striated.]
liniuscula, Winchell, 1866, Rep. Low.

Peninsula Mich., Ham. Gr. [Sig.

fine-lined.]
(?) nobilis, Hall, 1860, (Rhynchospira

nobilis) 13th Reg. Rep., Ham. Gr.

[Sig. remarkable, noted.]
perforata, Hall, 1857, 10th Reg. Rep.,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. perforated.]
(?) quadriplicata, S. A. Miller, 1875, Cin.

Quar. Jour. Sci., vol. 2, Cin'ti Gr.

[Sig. four-plicated ; in allusion to the

four plications on the mesial fold.]
rectirostris, Hall, 1856, (Waldheimia rec-
tirostra) 9th Reg. Rep., Low. Held.'

Gr. [Sig. straight-beaked.]
simplex, Hall, 1856, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. simple.]
Trigonotreta, Konig, 1825, Icon. Foss. Sect.

[Ety. trigonos, a triangle ; tretos per-
forated.] Subgenus of Spirifera.
Trimerella, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol. 1.

[Ety. treis, three; meros, part; ella,

diminutive.]
acuminata, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol.

1, Guelph Gr. [Sig. sharp-pointed.]
billingsi, Dall, 1871, Am. Jour. Conch.,

vol. 7, Guelph Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
dalli, Davidson & King, 1872, Brighton

Meeting Brit. Assoc, Guelph Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
galtensis, Billings, 1862, (Obolusgaltensis)

Pal. Foss., vol. 1, Guelph Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
grandis, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Guelph Gr. [Sig. large.]

140

BRACHIOPODA.

minor, syn. for T. galterfsis.

ohioensis, Meek, 1871, Am. Jour. Sci.,
2nd series, vol. 1, Niagara Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]
Triplegia, Hall, Oct., 1858. Camarella has
priority because it was published in
August, 1858.

congesta, see Camarella congesta.

cuspidata, see Camarella cuspidata.

extans, see Camarella extans.

nucleata, see Camarella nucleus.

ortoni, see Camarella ortoni.

Tropidoleptus, Hall, 1857, proposed in 10th

Reg. Rep., but described in 1859 in

12th Reg. Rep. [Ety. tropis, the keel

or bottom of a ship; leptos, slender.]

carinatus, Conrad, 1839, (Strophomena
carinata) Ann. Geo. Rep. N. Y., Ham.
Gr. [Sig. keeled.]

occidens, Hall, 1860, 13th Reg. Rep., Ham.
Gr. [Sig. western.]
Vitulina, Hall, 1860, 13th Reg. Rep. [Ety.
mythological name.]

pustulosa, Hall, 1860, 13th Reg. Rep.,
Tully limestone. [Ety. covered with
pustules; in allusion to the minute
papillae which cover the surface.] •
Waldheimia, King, 1849, Monograph of Per-
mian Fossils. [Ety. proper name.]

compacta, White & St. John, 1868, Trans.

Chi. Acad. Sci., Up. Coal Meas. [Sig.

compact, pressed together.]
deweyi, see Rhynchospira deweyi.
formosa, see Rhynchospira formosa.
globosa, see Trematospira globosa.
rectirostra, see Trematospira rectirostra.
Zygospira, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep. N. Y.

[Etv. zygos, a yoke ; spira, a spire.]
headi, Billings, 1862, ( Athyris headi) Pal.

Foss., vol. 1, Cin'ti & Hud. Riv. Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
headi rar. anticostiensis, Billings, 1862,

(Athvris headi var. anticostiensis)

Pal. Foss., vol. 1, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
headi var. borealis, Billings, 1862,

(Athyris headi var. borealis) Pal.

Foss., vol. 1, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig.

northern.]
modesta, Say, 1847, (Atrypa modesta)

Pal. N. Y., vol. 1, Trenton & Hud.

Riv. Gr. [Sig. not large.]
modesta var. cincinnatiensis, James, Pal.

Ohio, vol. 1, Cin'ti Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
paupera, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.

Antic, Anticosti Gr. [Sig. impover-
ished, small.]
subconcava, Meek & Worthen, 1868, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 3, Low. Held. Gr. [Sig.

somewhat concave.]

CLASS PTEKOPODA.

FAMILY CONULARIID^.—Conularia, Coleoprion.

FAMILY HYOLITHIDM— Hyolithellus, Hyolithes, Pterotheca, Stenotheca, Theca.

INCERT.E SEDIS.— Aspidella, Scenella, Tentaculites.

Aspidella, Billings, 1872, Am. Jour. Sci.,

3rd series, vol. 3. [Ety.' aspidella, a

little shield.]
terranovica, Billings, 1872, Am. Jour. Sci.,

3rd series, vol. 3, Huronian Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
Clioderma, Hall, 1861, syn. for Pterotheca.
attenuate, see Pterotheca attenuata.
expansa, see Pterotheca expansa.
Coleoprion, Sandberger, 1847, Jahrbuch.

[Ety. koleos, a sheath ; prion, a saw.]
tenuicinctum, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devoni-
an Foss., Cornif. & Ham. Gr. [Sig.

fine-girded.]
Conularia, Miller, 1818, in Sowerby's Min.

Conch., vol. 3. [Ety. conulus', a little

cone.]
asperata, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.

Antic, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. rough.]
byblis, White, 1862, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat.

Hist., vol. 9, Chemung Gr. [Ety.

mythological name.]
cayuga, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devonian Foss.,

Ham. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
congregata, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devonian

Foss., Portage Gr. [Sig. congregated

together.]
continens, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devonian

Foss., Marcellus shale. [Sig. holding

together.]
crebristriata, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devonian

Foss., Ham. Gr. [Sig. from the

crowded stria?.]
elegantula, Meek, 1871, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci. Phil., Cornif. Gr. [Sig. quite

elegant.]
gattingeri, Safford, 1869, Geo. of Tenn.,

Trenton Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
gracilis, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,

Trenton Gr. [Sig. slender.]
granulata, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,

Trenton Gr. [Sig. granulated.]
hudsoni, Emmons, 1856, Am. Geo., Utica

Gr. [Etv. proper name.]
huntana, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Low. Held. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
laqueata, Conrad, 1841, Ann. Rep. N. Y.,

Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. paneled.]
lata, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3, Oris-

kanv sandstone. [Sig. broad.]
longa, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2, Ni-
agara Gr. [Sig. long.]
marionensis, Swallow, 1860, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., Ham. Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]

micronema, Meek, 1871, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci. Phil., Waverly Gr. [Sig. small-
threaded or lined.]
missouriensis, Swallow, 1860, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., St. Louis Gr. [Etv.

proper name.]
molaris, White, 1876, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci., Devonian. [Sig. a grinder.]
newberryi, Winched, 1865, Proc. Acad.

Nat.Sci.,Wav. Gr. [Ety. propername.j
niagarensis, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,

Niagara Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
osagensis, Swallow, 1863, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., Low. Carb. [Ety. proper

name.]
papillata, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,

Tren. Gr. [Sig. covered with papilli.]
planocostata, Dawson, 1868, Acad. Geol.",

Carb. [Sig. plain-ribbed.]
pyramidalis, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol.

3, Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. pyramidal.]
quadrata, Walcott, 1876, Desc. New Sp.

Foss., Trenton Gr. [Sig. quadrate.]
quadrisulcata, (?) Miller, 1826, Min.

Conch., Niagara Gr. [Sig. having four

depressions.]
splendida, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.

Antic, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. splendid.]
subcarbonaria, Meek & AVorthen, 1873,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 5, Keokuk Gr.

[Sig. in Lower Carboniferous rocks.]
subulata, Hall, 1858, Trans. Alb. Inst,

vol. 4, Warsaw Gr. [Sig. awl-shaped.]
trentonensis, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol.

1, Trenton & Hud. Riv. Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
triplicata, Swallow, 1860, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., Ham. Gr. [Sig. three-
plicated.]
undulata, Conrad, 1842, Jour. Acad. Nat.

Sci., vol. 8, Ham. Gr. [Sig. wavy.]
victa, White, 1862, Proc. Bost. Soc. IN at.

Hist., vol. 9, Burlington Gr. [Sig.

conquered, suppressed.]
Hyolithellus, Billings, 1871, Can. Nat. &

Geol., vol. 6. [Ety. diminutive of

Hyolithes.}
micans, Billings, 1871, Can. Nat. & Geol.,

vol. 6, Potsdam Gr. [Sig. shining.]
Hyolithes, Eichwald.

aclis, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devonian Foss.,

Ham. Gr. [Sig. a small javelin.]
americanus, Billings, 1871, (Theca tri-
angularis, Hall) Can. Nat. & Geol.,

vol. 6, Pots. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

142

PTEROPODA.

centennialiB, Barrett, 1877, Ann. Lye.

Nat. Hist., vol. 11, Low. Held. Gr.

[Ety. the one hundredth year, because

the description was written in 1876.]
communis, Billings, 1871, Can. Nat. &

Geol., vol. 6, Potsdam Gr. [Sig. com-
mon.]
emmonsi, Ford, 1873, Am. Jour. Sci., 3rd

series, vol. 5, Potsdam Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
excellens, Billings, 1874, Pal. Foss., vol. 2,

Potsdam Gr. [Sig. excellent.]
gibbosus, Hall, 1873, 23rd Reg. Rep. N.

Y., Potsdam Gr. [Sig. gibbous.]
impar, Ford, 1872, Am. Jour. Sci., 3rd

series, vol. 3, Potsdam Gr. [Sig. un-
equal.]
ligea, Hall, 1863, (Theca ligea) 15th Reg.

Rep. N. Y., Up. Held. Gr. [Ety.

mythological name.]
micans, see Hyolithellus micans.
primordialis, Hall, 1861, (Theca primor-

dialis) Geo. Rep. Wis., Potsdam Gr.

[Sig. first in order.]
princeps, Billings, 1871, Can. Nat. & Geol.,

vol. 6, Potsdam Gr. [Sig. primitive.]
principalis, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devonian

Foss., Schoharie Grit. [Sig. principal,

large.]
striatus, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devonian Foss.,

Ham. Gr. [Sig. striated.]
Ptekotheca, Salter, 1852, Rep. Brit. Ass'n.

[Ety. Pterotheca, a winged Theca.']
anatiformis, Hall, 1847, (Tellinomya anat-

iformis) Pal. N. Y, vol. 1, Trenton

Gr. [Ety. like an Anatifa.']
attenuata, Hall, 1861, (Clioderma atten-

uata) 14th Reg. Rep., Trenton Gr.

[Sig. drawn out, attenuated.]
canaliculata, Hall, 1861, 14th Reg. Rep.,

Trenton Gr. [Sig. channeled.]
expansa, Emmons, 1842, (Delthyris ex-

pansus) Geo. Rep. N. Y., Black Riv.

& Trenton Gr. [Sig. spread out.]
saffordi, Hall, 1861, 14th Reg. Rep., Tren-
ton Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
transversa, Salter, 1852, Rep. Brit. Ass'n,

Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. crosswise.]
undulata, Hall, 1861, 14th Reg. Rep.,

Trenton Gr. [Sig. wavy.]
Pugiunculus acvleatus. see Theca aculeata.
Scenella, Billings, 1873, Can. Nat. & Geol.

and Pal. Foss., vol. 2. [Ety. scene, a

tent ; ella, diminutive.]
reticulata, Billings, 1873, Pal. Foss., vol.

2, Huronian Gr. [Sig. like net-work.]
retusa, Ford, 1873, Am. Jour. Sci. & Arts,

3rd series, vol. 5, Low. Potsdam Gr.

[Sig. blunted.]
Stenotheca, Hicks, 1872, Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc. [Ety. stenos, narrow ; Theca, a

genus of Pteropods.]
pauper, Billings, 1874, Pal. Foss. vol. 2,

Huronian Gr. [Sig. impoverished.]
Tentaculites, Schlotheim, 1820, Petrefacten.

[Ety. tentaculum, a feeler; lilhos, stone.]
arenosus, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devon. Foss.,

Oriskany sandstone. [Sig. sandy.]

attenuatus, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devonian

Foss., Ham. Gr. [Sig. attenuated.]
bellulus, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devonian

Foss., Ham. Gr. [Sig. beautiful.]
distans, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,

Clinton Gr. [Sig. distant.]
elongatus, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. lengthened.]
fissurella, Hall, 1843, Geo. Rep. 4th Dist.

N. Y., Marcellus shale. [Sig. a little

cleft]
flfxuosa, see Conchicolites flexuosus.
hoyti, White, 1876, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.,

Devonian. [Ety. proper name.]
gyracanthus, Eaton, 1832, (Echinus gy-

racanthus) Geo. Text-book, Low.

Held Gr. [Sig. round spine.]
incurvus, Shumard, 1856, Geo. Rep. Mo.,

Trenton Gr. [Sig. incurved.]
irregularis, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

syn. for Tentaculites gyracanthus.
minutus, Hall, 1843, Geo. Rep. 4th Dist.

N. Y., Clinton Gr. [Sig. small.]
niagarensis, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,

Niagara Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
ornatus, Sowerby, 1839, Murch. Sil. Syst.,

Water lime Gr. [Sig. adorned.]
oswegoensis, Meek & Worthen, 1865,

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Cin'ti Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
rich monden sis, S. A. Miller, 1874, Cin.

Quar. Jour. Sci., Cin'ti Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
scalariformis, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devonian

Foss., Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. like T.

scalaris.]
scalaris, Schlotheim, 1820, Petref. t. 29,

Cornif. Gr. [Sig. like a ladder.] Not

an American species,
sicula, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devonian Foss.,

Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. a little dagger.]
spicula, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devonian

Foss., Chemung Gr. [Sig. a dart.]
sterlingensis, Meek & Worthen, 1865,

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Cin'ti Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
subtilis, Winchell, 1866, Rep. Low. Pen-
insula Mich., Ham. Gr. [Sig. very

slender.]
tenuistriatus, Meek & Worthen, 1865,

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Cin'ti Gr.

[Sig. finely striated.]
Theca, Sowerby, 18 45, Morris' Memoir

Strezelscki's N. S. Wales. [Ety. a

sheath or case.]
aculeata, Hall, 1860, 13th Reg. Rep.,

Ham. Gr. [Sig. sharpened.]
gregaria, Meek & Hayden, 1861, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Potsdam Gr.

[Sig. occurring in masses.]
ligea, see Hyolithes ligea.
parviuscula, Hall, 1862, Geo. Rep. Wis.,

Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. very small.]
primordialis, see Hyolithes primordialis.
triangularis, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,

Hud. Riv. Gr. This name was pre-
occupied by Portlock in 1843. Billings

described it as Hyolithes americanus.

CLASS GASTEEOPODA.

FAMILY BELLEROPHONTID^E — Bellerophon, Bucania, Carinaropsis, Cyrtolites,

Ecculiomphalus, Microceras, Phragmostoma, Porcellia, Tremanotus.
FAMILY CALYPTR^ID^.— Capulus,Conchopeltis,Metoptoma, Pala3acma;a,Platyceras,

Trochita.
FAMILY CHITONIDtE.— Chiton.
FAMILY DENTALIID.E.— Dentalium.

FAMILY HELICID^S.— Dawsonella, Pupa, Streptaxis, Zonites.
FAMILY LITTORINID.E.— Xenophora.
FAMILY MACLUR^ID^.— Maclurea.
FAMILY MURICIDJE.— Fusispira.
FAMILY NATICID.E.— Naticopsis, Trachydomia.
FAMILY PLEUROTOMARIIDiE— Helicotoraa, Microdoma, Murchisonia, Pleuroto-

maria, Raphi stoma, Scalites.
FAMILY PYRAMIDELLID^E— Aclis, Chemnitzia, Loxonema, Macrocheilus, Polyphe-

mopsis, Soleniscus, Subulites.
FAMILY ROTELLID^E.-Anomphalus.
FAMILY SCALARIID.E.— Holopella.
FAMILY SOLARIDyE.— Euomphalus, Ophileta, Phanerotinus, Platyschisma, Platyos-

toma, Straparollus, Straparollina, Strophostylus.
FAMILY TURBINID^E.— Clisospira, Cyclonema, Cyclora, Eunema, Holopea, Isonema,

Orthonema, Orthostoma, Trochonema, Turbo.
FAMILY TURRITELLIDyE.— Turritella.

Aclis, Loven. [Ety. a, without; kleis, a

projection.]
minuta, Stevens, 1858, Am. Jour. Sci.,

vol. 25, Coal Meas. [Sig. minute.]
robusta, Stevens, 1858, Am. Jour. Sci.,

vol. 25, Coal Meas. [Sig. robust.]
swallovana, Geinitz, 18ti6, (Turbonella

swallovana) Carb. und Dyas in Neb.,

Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
Acrocidia, Phillips, 1841, syn. for Platyceras.
angtUata, see Platyceras angulata.
erecta, see Platyceras e recta.
ovalis, see Platyceras ovalis.
niagarcnxis, see Platyceras niagarensis.
ttjgonalis, see Platyceras trigonalis.
Ampullaria, Lamarck, 1801, Syst. An. sans

Vert. [Ety. ampulla, a flask.]

helicoides, see Platyschisma helicoides.

Anomphalus, Meek & Worthen, 1866, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. [Ety. Anomphalos,

without an umbilicus.]
meeki, see Dawsonella meeki.
rotulus, Meek & Worthen, 1866, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Coal Meas. [Sig.

a litttle wheel.]

Bkllkrophon, Montfort, 1808, Conch. Syst.,

vol. 1. [Etv. mythological name.]
acutilira, Ua\\", 1862, 15th Reg. Rep.,

Ham. Gr. [Sig. sharp-ridged.]
acutus, Sowerby, 1839, Murch. Sil. Syst.,

Low. Silurian. [Sig. sharp.]
allegoricus, White, 18 74, Rep. Invert.

Foss., Quebec Gr. [Sig. allegorical.]
angicstata, see Bucania angustata.
apertus, Sowerby, 1825, Min. Conch., vol.

5, Low. Carb. [Sig. an opening.]
argo, Billings, 1860, Can. Nat. & Geol.,

vol. 5, Black Riv. & Trenton Gr.

[Ety. mythological name.]
auriculatus, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,

Coralline limestone. [Sig. having ear-
like appendages.]
barquensis, Winchell, 1862, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci.,' Marshall Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
bidorsatus, see Bucania bidorsata.
bilobatus, Sowerby, 1839, Murch. Sil.

Syst., Black Riv. to Mid. Sil. [Sig.

two-lobed.]

144

GASTEROPODA.

bilobatus var. acutus, Hall, 1847, Pal. N.

Y., vol. 1, Trenton Gr. [Sig. sharp.]
bilobatus var. corrugatus, Hall, 1847, Pal.

N. Y., vol. 1, Trenton Gr. [Sig.

wrinkled.]
blaneyanus, syn. for. B. carbonarius.
bowmani, White, 1876, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci., Devonian. [Ety. proper name.]
brevilineatus, Conrad, 1842, Jour. Acad.

Nat. Sci., vol. 8, Up. Sil. [Sig. short-
lined.]
canadensis, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.

Antic, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
cancellatus, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y, vol. 1,

Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. cancellated.]
cancellatus, Hall, 1858, Trans. Alb. Inst.,

vol. 4, Warsaw Gr. The name was

preoccupied,
carbonarius, Cox, 1857, Geo. Rep. Ky.,

vol. 3, Coal Meas. [Sig. pertaining to

the Coal Measures.]
carbonarius var. subpapillosus, White,

1876, Geo. Uinta Mountains, Up. Au-
brey Gr. [Sig. somewhat papillose.]
carinatus, Sowerby, 1839, Murch. Sil.

Syst., Devonian. [Sig. keeled.]
charon, Billings, 1860, Can. Nat. & Geol.

vol. 5, Black Riv. & Trenton Gr. [Ety.

mythological name.]
con volutus, Eaton, 1832, Geo. Text-book,

Up. Sil. [Sig. spiral- whorled.]
crassus, Meek & Worthen, 1860, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci., Coal Meas. [Sig.

thick.]
crenistria, Hall, 1876. Illust, Devonian

Foss., Ham. Gr. [Sig. having wrin-
kled lines.]
curvilineatus, Conrad, 1842, Jour. Acad.

Nat. Sci., vol. 8, Onondaga, Schoharie

and Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. having curved

lines.]
cyrtolites, Hall, 1860, 13th Reg. Rep.,

Kinderhook Gr. [Sig. curved stone.]
declivis, Conrad, 1842, Jour. Acad. Nat.

Sci., vol. 8, Trenton Gr. [Sig sloping.]
disculus, Billings, 1860, Can. Nat. & Geo.,

vol. 5, Black Riv. & Trenton Gr. [Sig.

a little disc]
ellipticus, McChesney, 1860, Desc. New

Pal. Foss., Coal Meas. [Sig. elliptical.]
expansus, Hall, 1847. The name was pre-
occupied by Sowerby. See Bucania

expansa.
fraternus, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.

Antic, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. fraternal,

allied to B. expansus.]
galericulatus, Winch ell, 1862, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci., Marshall Gr. [Sig. small

capped.]
globosus, Stevens, 1858, Am. Jour. Sci.,

vol. 25, Coal Meas. [Sig. globose.]
hiulcus, Sowerby, Min. Conch. Not

American,
kansasensis, Shumard, 1858, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., Coal Meas. [Ety.

proper name.]

leda, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep. N. Y.,

Ham. Gr. [Ety. mythological name.]
lineolatus, Hall, 1860, 13th Reg. Rep., N.

Y., Ham. Gr. [Sig. finely lined.]
lindsleyi, Safford, 1869, Geo. of Tenn.,

Nashville Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
lyra, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep., Ham.

Gr. [Sig. a lyre.]
macer, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Calciferous Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
mtera, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devonian Foss.,

Chemung G r . [Ety. mythological

name.]
marcouanus, Geinitz, 1866, Carb. und

Dyas. in Neb., Coal Meas. [Ety.

proper name.]
meekanus, Swallow, 1858, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., Coal Meas. [Ety.

proper name.]
michiganensis, Winchell, 18 6 2, Proc

Acad. Nat. Sci., Marshall Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
miser, Billings, 18 66, Catal. Sil. Foss.

Antic, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. miser-
able.]
missouriensis, Swallow, 1863, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., Chester Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
mohri, S. A. Miller, 1874, Cin. Quar.

Jour. Sci., Cin'ti Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
montfortanus, Norwood & Pratten, 1855,

Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Coal Meas.

[Ety. proper name.]
nashvillensis, Troost, 1840, 5th Geo. Rep.

Tenn., Low. Sil. [Ety. proper name.]
nautiloides, Winchell, 1862, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci., Marshall Gr. [Sig. like a

nautilus.']
neleus, Hall & Whitfield, 1876, Illust.

Devonian Foss., Chemung Gr. [Ety.

mythological name.]
newberryi, Meek, 1871, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci., Corniferous Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
nodocarinatus, Hall, 185 8, Geo. Rep.

Iowa, Coal Meas. [Sig. knotty and

keeled.]
obsoletus, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devonian

Foss., Chemung Gr. [Sig. obsolete.]
otsego, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep., Ham.

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
palinurus, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol.

1, Quebec Gr. [Ety. mythological

name.]
panneus, White, 1862, Proc. Bost. Soc

Nat. Hist., vol. 9, Chemung Gr. [Sig.

ragged.]
patersoni, Hall, 1862, Geo. Rep. Wis.,

Hud. Riv. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
patulus, Hall, 1843, Geo. Rep. 4th Dist.

N. Y., Ham. Gr. [Sig. broad, spread

out.]
pelops, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep., Scho-
harie & Up. Held. Gr. [Ety. mytho-
logical name.]

GASTEROPODA.

145

percarinatus, Conrad, 1842, Jour. Acad.

Nat. Sci., vol. 8, Coal Meas. [Sig. very

strongly keeled.]
perforatus, syn. for Tremanotus alpheus.
perlatus, Conrad, 1842, Jour. Acad. Nat.

Sci., vol. 8, Coal Meas. [Sig. very

wide.]
platvstoma, Meek & AVorthen, 1868, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 3, Galena Gr. [Sig.

broad-mouthed.]
plenus, Billings, 1874, Pal. Foss., vol. 2,

Devonian. [Sig. full, large.]
profundus, Emmons, Geo. Rep. N. Y.,

Trenton Gr. [Sig. deep.]
propinquus, Meek, 1871, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci., Cornif. Gr. [Ety. from close re-
semblance to B. newberryi.]
punctifrons, Emmons, 1842, Geo. Rep.

N. Y., Black Riv. & Trenton Gr. [Sig.

dotted in front.]
rudis, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep., Ham.

Gr. [Sig. rude, rough.]
rugosiusculus, Winchell, 1862, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci., Marshall Gr. [Sig. covered

with small wrinkles.]
scriptiferus, White, 1862, Proc. Bost. Soc.

Nat. Hist., vol. 9, Chemung Gr. [Ety.

scriptum, writing; few, to carry.]
scissile, Conrad, 1846, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci., vol. 2, Carb. [Sig. cleft, rent.]
solitarius, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.

Antic, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. alone,

solitary.]
stamineus, Conrad, 1842, Jour. Acad. Nat.

Sci., vol. 8, Low. Carb. [Sig. thready.]
stevensanus, McChesney, 1860, Desc.

New Pal. Foss., Coal Meas. [Ety.

proper name.]
striatus (?), Sowerby, 1839, Murch. Sil.

Syst., Portage Gr. The name was

preoccupied by D'Orbigny.
sublsevis, Hall, 1856, Trans. Alb. Inst.,

vol. 4, Warsaw Gr. [Sig. somewhat

smooth.]
tukatimu, see Bucania sulcatina.
thalia, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep., Ham.

Gr. [Ety. mythological name.]
tricarinatus, Shumard, 1858, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., Coal Meas. [Sig.

three-keeled.]
trkarinata, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devonian

Foss., Chemung Gr. The name was

preoccupied,
troosti, Safford, 1869, Geo. Rep. Tenn.,

Nashville Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

This name was preoccupied by D'Or-

bignv in 1839.
tuber, Hall, 1876, 28th Reg. Rep., Niag-
ara Gr. [Sig. a bump or knob.]
urei, Fleming, 1828, British Animals, De-
vonian. [Ety. proper name.] Amer-
ican species. (?)
vittatus, svn. for B. carbonarius.
volutus, 'Eaton, 1832, Geol. Text-book,

Up. Sil. [Sig. whorled.]
whittleseyi, Winchell, 1865, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci., Cuyahoga shale. [Ety.

proper name.]

19

Bucaxella nana, Meek, 1870, Proc. Am.

Phil. Soc, vol. 11, Silurian. [Sig.

dwarfish.]
Bucania, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1. [Ety.

bukane, a trumpet.]
angustata, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,

Niagara & Guelph Gr. [Sig. narrowed

or constricted.]
bellipuncta, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,

Clinton Gr. [Sig. beautifully dotted.]
bidorsata, Hall, 1847, (Bellerophon bidor-

satus) Pal. N. Y., vol. 1, Trenton Gr.

[Sig. having a double back.]
chicagoensis, McChesney, 1860, New Pal.

Foss., Niagara Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
costata, James, 1872, (Cyrtolites costatus)

Am. Jour. Sci., 3rd ser., vol. 3, Cin'ti

Gr. [Sig. ribbed, having prominent

ridges.]
crassolaris, McChesney, 1861, New Pal.

Foss., Niagara Gr. [Ety. crassus,

thick.]
devonica, Hall, 187 2, 24th Reg. Rep.,

Low. Held. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
expansa, Hall, 1847, (Bellerophon ex-

pansus) Pal. N. Y., vol. 1, Trenton

Gr. [Sig. widely-spread.]
intexta, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,

Trenton Gr. [Sig. plaited, woven.]
lirata, Hall, 1862, Geo. Rep. Wis., Tren-
ton Gr. [Sig. furrowed.]
pervoluta, McChesney, 1861, New Pal.

Foss., Niagara Gr. [Sig. very much

rolled.]
profunda, Conrad, 1841, Ann. Rep. N.

Y., (Euomphalus profundus) Low.

Held. Gr. [Sig. deep.]
profunda, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Low. Held. Gr. This name was pre-
occupied,
punctifrons, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol.

1, Trenton Gr. [Sig. dotted in front.]
rotundata, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,

Chazy Gr. [Sig. rounded.]
rugosa, Emmons, 1856, Am. Geol., Utica

Gr. [Sig. rugose.]
stigmosa, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,

Clinton Gr. [Sig. full of marks.]
sulcatina, Emmons, 1842, (Bellerophon

sulcatinus) Pal. N. Y., vol. 1, Chazy,

Black Riv. & Trenton Gr. [Sig.

small-furrowed.]
trilobata, Conrad, 1838, (Planorbis tri-

lobatus) Ann. Rep. N. Y., Medina

sandstone & Clinton Gr. [Sig. three-

lobed.]
Bulimella, Hall, 1858, Trans. Alb. Inst., vol.

4. [Ety. a small Bulirnus.'] This name

was preoccupied by Pfeiffer in 1852.
bulimiformis, see Polyphemopsis bulimi-

formis.
canaiiculata, see Polyphemopsis canali-

culata.
dongata, see Polyphemopsis elongate.

146

GASTEROPODA.

Capulus, Montfort, 1810, Conch. Syst., vol.
2. [Ety. capulus, a coffin.]
acutirostris, Hall, 1856, Trans. Alb. Inst.,
vol. 4, Warsaw Gr. [Sig. sharp-

auriformis', Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,

Chazy Gr. [Sig. ear-shaped.]
parvus, Swallow, 1858, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., Coal Meas. [Sig. small.]
triplicatus, Swallow, 1858, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., Coal Meas. [Sig. three-
plicated.]
Carinaropsis, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,

[Ety. from its resemblance to Carin-

aria.]
carinata, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,

Trenton Gr. [Sig. keeled or having

ridges.]
orbiculata, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,

Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. orbicular.]
patelliformis, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol.

1, Trenton & Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig.

patella or limpet-shaped.]
Chemnitzia, D'Orbigny, 1837, Mollusques,

Echinoderm.es, Foraminiferes et Pol-

ypiers, etc. [Ety. proper name.]

Prof. Meek was of the opinion that

the species referred to this genus

from the palaeozoic rocks more prop-
erly belong to Loxonema and other

genera,
attenuata, Stevens, 1858, Am. Jour. Sci.,

vol. 25, Coal Meas. [Sig. drawn out,

attenuated.]
parva, Cox, 1857, Geo. Sur. Ky., vol. 3,

Coal Meas. [Sig. small.]
swallovana, Shumard, 1859, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., Permian Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
tenuilineata, Shumard, 1855, Geo. Rep.

Mo., Chemung Gr. [Sig. fine lined.]
Chiton, Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10.

[Ety. chiton, a coat of mail.]
canadensis, see Metoptoma canadense.
carbonarius, Stevens, 1859, Am. Jour.

Sci., vol. 25, Coal Meas. [Sig. from

the Coal Measures.]
parvus, Stevens, 1859, Am. Jour. Sci.,

vol. 25, Coal Meas. [Sig. small.]
Clisospira, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1.

[Ety. kleio, to lock; spira, a whorl.]
curiosa, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Quebec Gr. [Sig. curious.]
Conchopeltis, Walcott, 1876, Desc. New Sp.

Foss. [Ety. conche, shell ; pelte, shield.]
alternata, Walcott, 1876, Desc. New Sp.

Foss., Trenton Gr. [Sig. alternate.]
minnesotensis, Walcott, 1876, Desc. New

Sp. Foss., Trenton Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
Cyclonema, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,

[Ety. Jcuklos, a circle; nema, a thread.]
bellulum, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.

Antic, Anticosti Gr. [Sig. beautiful.]
bilix, Conrad, 1842, (Pleurotomaria bilix)

Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. 8, Trenton

and Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. woven with

a double thread.]

bilix rar. conicum, S. A. Miller, 1874,Cin.

Quar. Jour. Sci., vol. 1, Cin'ti Gr.

[Sig. conical.]
bilix var. fluctuatum, James, 1874,(Cyclo-

nema fluctuata) Cin. Quar. Jour. Sci.,

vol. 1, Cin'ti Gr. [Sig. wavy.]
cancellatum, Hall, 1843, (Littorina cancel-

lata) Geo. Rep. 4th Dist. N. Y., Clin-
ton Gr. [Sig. cancellated.]
commune, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.

Antic, Anticosti Gr. [Sig. common.]
concinna, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devonian

Foss., Chemung Gr. [Sig. beautiful.]
crenistriatum, Hall, 1876, IllustDevonian

Foss., Schoharie grit. [Sig. having

wrinkled striae.]
crenulatum, Meek, 1871, Proc Acad. Nat.

Sci., Cornif. Gr. [Sig. crenulated.]
decorum, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.

Antic, Anticosti Gr. [Sig. seemly.]
elevatum, Hall, 1868, 20th Reg. Rep., Ni-
agara Gr. [Sig. elevated J
hageri, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Trenton Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
hallanum, Salter, 1859, Can. Org. Rem.,

Decade 1, Black Riv. Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
hamiltonige, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep.,

Ham. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
humile, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.

Antic, Anticosti Gr. [Sig. poor,

small.]
liratum, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep., Ham.

Gr. [Sig. furrowed.]
mediocre, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.

Antic, Anticosti Gr. [Sig. ordinary,

middling.]
montrealense, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss.,

vol. 1, Trenton Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
multiliratum, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep.,

Ham. Gr. [Sig. many-furrowed.]
obsoletum, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,

Clinton Gr. [Sig. obsolete, from the

nearly obsolete spire.]
obsoleta, Hall, 1876, Illustr. Devonian,

Foss., Chemung Gr. The name was

preoccupied,
percarinatum, Hall, 1847, (Pleurotomaria

percarinata) Pal. N. Y., vol. 1, Trenton

& Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. very much

carinated.]
percingulatum, Billings, 1857, Rep. of

Progr., Clinton & Niagara Gr. [Sig.

encircled with many lines.]
phsedra, Billings, 1865 Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Quebec Gr. [Ety. mythological name.]
pyramidatum, James, 1874, Cin. Quar.

Jour. Sci., vol. 1, Cin'ti Gr. [Sig. pyra-
midal.]
rugfelineatum, Hall, 1872, 24th Reg. Rep.,

Niagara Gr. [Sig. rugose-lined.]
semicarinatum, Salter, 1859, Can. Org.

Rem., Decade 1, Black Riv. Gr. [Sig.

half-carinated.]
sulcatum, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y, vol. 2,

Guelph Gr. [Sig. furrowed.]

GASTEROPODA.

147

tennesseense, Roemer, 18 60, (Turbo

tennesseensis) Sil. Fauna, des West

Tenn., Niagara Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
varians, Billings, 1857, Rep. of Progr.,

Mid. Sil. [Sig. variable.]
varieosum, Hall, 1870, 24th Reg. Rep. N.

Y. (Published by mistake in 14th Reg.

Rep., 1861, as C. ventricosa) Cin'ti Gr.

[Sig. having the threads or lines en-
larged.]
ventricosum, Hall, 1852, Pal. N.Y., vol. 2,

Clinton Gr. [Sig. ventricose.]
Cyclora, Hall, 1845, Am. Jour. Sci., vol. 48.

[Ety. kuklos, a circle.]
hoffmanni, S. A. Miller, 1874, Cin. Quar.

Jour. Sci., Cin'ti Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
minuta, Hall, 1845, Am. Jour. Sci.,vol. 48

Cin'ti Gr. [Sig. minute.]
nana, syn. for Cyclora minuta.
parvula, Hall, 1845, (Turbo parvula) Am,

Jour. Sci., vol. 48, Cin'ti Gr. [Sig,

very small.]
Cyclostoma, Lamarck, 1801, Syst. An. sans

Vert. [Ety. kuklos, a circle; stoma,

mouth.]
pervetusta, see Pleurotomaria pervetusta.
Cybtolites, Conrad, 1838, Ann. Rep. N. Y.

[Ety. kurtos, curved ; lithos, stone,]
carinatus, S. A. Miller, 1874, Cin. Quar.

Jour. Sci., vol. 1, Cin'ti Gr. [Sig.

keeled ; from the ridges on the sides.]
compressus, Conrad, 1838, (Phragmolites

compressus) Ann. Rep. N. Y., Black

Riv. & Trenton Gr. [Sig. compressed.]
conradi, Hall,1862, Geo. Rep. Wis., Tren-
ton Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
costatus, see Bucania costata.
cristatus, Safford, 1869, Geo. of Tenn.,

Nashville Gr. [Sig. crested.]
desideratus, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil.Foss.

Antic, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. to be

desired.]
dyeri, Hall, 1871, Pamphlet, Cin'ti Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
elegans, S. A. Miller, 1874, Cin. Quar.

Jour. Sci., vol. 1, Cin'ti Gr. [Sig.

elegant.]
expansus. Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Oriskany sandstone. [Sig. spread

out.]
filosus, Emmons, 1842, Geo. Rep. N. Y.,

Trenton Gr. [Sig. thready.]
gillanus, White & St. John, 1868, Trans.

Chi. Acad. Sci., Coal Meas. [Ety.

proper name.]
imbricatus, Meek & Worthen, 1868, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 3, Cin'ti Gr. [Sig. im-
bricated.]
mitella, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep., Ham.

Gr. [Sig. a bandage.]
ornatus, Conrad, 1838, Ann. Rep. N. Y.,

Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. ornamented.]
pannosus, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.

Antic, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. ragged.]

pileolus, Hall, 1862,15th Reg. Rep., Ham.

Gr. [Sig. a small cap.]
sinuosus, Hall, 1876, 28th Reg. Rep., Ni-
agara Gr. [Sig. wavy.]
trentonensis, Conrad, 1842, Jour. Acad.

Nat. Sci., vol. 8, Trenton Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
Dawsonella, Bradley, 1874, Am. Jour. Sci.,

3rd series, vol. 7. [Ety. proper name.]
meeki, Bradley, 1872, (Anomphalus

meeki) Am. Jour. Sci., 3rd series, vol.

4, Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
Dentalium, Linnams, 1740, Svst. Nat., 2nd

Ed. [Ety. dens, a tooth.]
aciculatum, Hall, 1860, 13th Reg. Rep.,

Ham. Gr. [Sig. like a small needle.]
annulostriatum, Meek & Worthen, 1870,

Proc Acad. Nat. Sci., Coal Meas. [Sig.

annular and striated.]
barquense, Winchell, 1862, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci., Marshall Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
canna, White, 18J4, Rep. Invert. Foss.,

Carb. [Sig. a reed.]
granda?vum, Winchell, 1863, Proc Acad.

Nat. Sci., Chemung Gr. [Sig. very

ancient.]
meekanum, Geinitz, 1866, Carb. und

Dyas in Neb., Coal Meas. [Ety.

proper name.]
missouriense, Swallow, 1863, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., Chester Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
obsolelum, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,

Coal Meas. The name was preoc-
cupied by Schlotheim in 1832.
primarium, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,

Warsaw Gr. [Sig. primary.]
venustum, Meek & Worthen, 1861, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci., St. Louis Gr. [Sig.

elegant.]
Ecculiomphalus, Portlock, 1843, Geol. Rep.

Lond. [Ety. ecculiompludus, unrolled

umbilicus.]
atlanticus, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol.

1, Quebec Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
canadensis, Billings, 1861, Can. Nat. &

Geol., Quebec Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
distans, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Quebec Gr. [Sig. distant, standing

apart.]
intortus, Billings, 1861, Can. Nat. & Geol.,

Quebec Gr. [Sig. twisted, turned

round.]
spiralis, Billings, 1861, Can. Nat. & Geol.,

Quebec Gr. [Sig. spiral.]
superb us, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol.

1, Quebec Gr. [Sig. magnificent.]
trentonensis, Conrad, 1842, Jour. Acad.

Nat. Sci., vol. 8, Trenton Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
undulatus, Hall, 1861, Geo. Rep. Wis.,

Trenton Gr. [Sig. undulating.]
Eidima, Risso, 1826, Histoire Naturelle des

principales, etc. [Sig. ravenous

hunger.]
peracuta, see Polyphemopsis peracuta.

148

GASTEROPODA.

Eunema, Salter, 1859, Can. Org. Rem., Decade
1. [Ety. eu, beautiful; nema, a line.]

cerithioides, Salter, 1859, Can. Org. Rem.,
Decade 1, Black Riv. Gr. [Sig. like
the genus Cerithium.']

erigone, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,
Black Riv. Gr. [Ety. mythological
name. ]

pagoda, Salter, 1859, Can. Org. Rem.,
Decade 1, Black Riv. Gr. [Sig. an
image of a supposed deity.]

priscum, Billings, 1859, Can. Nat. & Geo.,
vol. 4, Corniferous Gr. [Sig. old or
ancient.]

safari, see Orthonema salteri.

strigillatum, Salter, 1859, Can. Org. Rem.,
Decade 1, Black Riv. Gr. [Sig. fur-
rowed, fluted.]

trilineatum, Hall, 1867, 20th Reg. Rep.,
Niagara Gr. [Sig. three-lined.]
Euomphalus, Sowerby, 1814, Min. Conch.,
vol. 1. [Ety. eu, wide ; omphalos, um-
bilicus.]

boonensis, Swallow, 1863, Trans. St. Louis
Acad. Sci., Low. Carb. [Ety. proper
name.]

catilloides, Conrad, 1842, (Inachus catil-
loides) Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. 8,
Coal Meas. [Sig. like E. catillus.]
The name was preoccupied by Ko-
ninck in 1841.

clymenioides, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep.,
Schoharie grit. [Sig. like a shell of
the genus Clymenia.']

comes, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devonian Foss.,
Ham. Gr. [Sig. an associate.]

conradi, syn. for Euomphalus decewi.

cyclostomus, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,
vol. 1, pt. 2, Ham. Gr. [Sig. having a
circular mouth.]

decewi, Billings, 1861, Can. Jour., Cornif.
Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

depressus, Hall, 1843, Geo. Rep. 4th Dist.
N. Y., Low. Carb. The name was
preoccupied by Goldfuss in 1832.

disjunctm, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,
Low. Held. Gr. The name was pre-
occupied by Goldfuss.

eboracensis, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep.,
Ham. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

exortivus, Dawson, 1868, Acad. Geol.,
Carb. [Sig. eastern.]

expansus, Conrad, 1842, Jour. Acad. Nat.
Sci., vol. 8, Up. Sil. [Sig. expanded.]

hecale, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devonian Foss.,
Chemung Gr. [Ety. mythological
name.]

hemispherica, see Platystoma hemispher-
icum.

inops, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devonian Foss.,
Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. meagre.]

latus, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa, Bur-
lington Gr. [Sig. broad.]

laxus, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep. N. Y,
Cornif. & Ham. Gr. [Sig. loose.]

lens, see Straparollus lens.

obtusus, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa, Kin-
der hook Gr. [Sig. obtuse.]

perspectivus, Swallow, 1863, Trans. St.
Louis Acad. Sci., Kaskaskia Gr. [Sig.
thoroughly viewed.]

pervetus, Conrad, 1843, (Inachus perve-
tus) Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. 1,
Trenton Gr. [Sig. very ancient.]

pervetustus, Conrad, 1839, (Cyclostoma
pervetusta) Ann. Rep. N. Y", Medina
sandstone. [Sig. very ancient.]

planidorsatus, see Straparollus planidor-

planispira, see Straparollus planispiratus.

planodiscus, Hall, 1860, 13th Reg. Rep.,
Ham. Gr. [Sig. having a plane disc]

profundus, see Bucania profunda.

quadrivolvis, see Straparollus quadrivolvis.

roberti, White, 1862, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat.
Hist., vol. 9, Burlington Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]

rotuliformis, Meek, 1870, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci., Calciferous Gr. [Sig. wheel -
shaped.]

rotundus, see Pleurotomaria rotunda.

rudis, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devonian Foss.,
Ham. Gr. [Sig. rough.]

rugselineatus,see Cyclonema rugselineatum.

rugosus, see Straparollus rugosus.

sinuatus, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,
Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. wavy.]

spergenensis, see Straparollus spergenensis.

spergenensis var. planorbifoi-mis, see Stra-
parollus spergenensis var. planorbi-
formis.

spirorbis, Hall, 1860, 13th Reg. Rep.,
Ham. Gr. [Sig. spiral- whorl.]

springvalensis, White, 1876, Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci., Kinderhook Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]

subplanus, Hall, 1852, Stans. Ex. to Gt.
Salt Lake, Coal Meas. [Sig. somewhat
flat.]

sulcatus, Hall, 1843, Geo. Rep. 4th Dist.
N. Y., Onondaga Gr. [Sig. furrowed.]

tioga, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devonian Foss.,
Chemung Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

triliratus, Conrad, 1843, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci., Trenton Gr. [Sig. three-lined.]

trochiscus, Meek, 1870, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci., Calciferous Gr. [Sig. wheel-
shaped.]

umbilicatus, see Straparollus umbilicatus.

uniangulatus, see Ophileta uniangulata.

vaticinus, Hall, 1863, 16th Reg. Rep. N.
Y., Potsdam Gr. [Sig. prophetical.]

whitneyi, see Straparollus whitneyi.
Fusispira, Hall, 1871, Pamphlet. [Ety.
fusus, a spindle; spira, a spire.]

elongata, Hall, 1871, Pamphlet, Trenton
Gr. [Sig. lengthened, drawn out.]

subfusiformis, Hall, 1847, (Murchisonia
subfusiforme) Pal. N. Y., vol. 1, Tren-
ton and Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. some-
what spindle-shaped.]

terebriformis, Hall, 1871, Pamphlet,Cin'ti
Gr. [Sig. like an auger or piercer.]

ventricosa, Hall, 1871, Pamphlet, Trenton
Gr. [Sig. bulging out.]

GASTEROPODA.

149

vittata, Hall, 1847, (Murchisonia vittata)

Pal. N. Y., vol. 1, Trenton Gr. [Sig.

banded.]
Fusus, Bruguiere, 1789, Encyc. Meth. TEty.

fusus, a spindle.] This genus is un-
known in the palaeozoic rocks.
inhabili.i, see Macrocheilus primigenius.
Heeicotoma, Salter, 1859, Can. Org. Rem.,

Decade 1. [Ety. Helix, a genus of

shells ; tome, a notch.]
declivis, Safford, 1809, Geo. of Tenn. Not

defined,
eucharis, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Quebec Gr. [Sig. beautiful.]
gorgonea, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Quebec Gr. [Ety. mythological name.]
larvata, Salter, 1859, "Can. Org. Rem.,

Decade 1, Black Riv. and Trenton Gr.

[Sig. a ghost, masked.]
miser, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Quebec Gr. [Sig. wretched.]
muricata, Salter, 1859, Can. Org. Rem.,

Decade 1, Black Riv. and Trenton Gr.

[Sig. like the shell Murex.]
perstriata, Billings, 1859, Can. Nat& Geo.,

vol. 4, Calciferous Gr. [Sig. very

much striated.]
planulata, Salter, 1859, Decade 1, Black

Riv. & Trenton Gr. [Sig. rather flat.]
proserpina, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol.

1, Quebec Gr. [Ety. mythological

name.]
serotina, Nicholson, 1874, Rep. Pal. Ont.

[Sig. backward.]
spinosa, Salter, 1859, Can. Org. Rem.,

Decade 1, Black Riv. Gr. [Sig. spiny,

from the spines on the whorls.]
tennesseensis, Safford, 1869, Geo. of Tenn.

Not defined,
tritonia, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Quebec Gr. [Ety. mythological name.]
Holopea, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1. [Ety.

holos, entire; ope, an aperture.]
antiqua, Yanuxem, 1843, (Littorina an-

tiqua) Geo. Rep. 3rd Dist, N. Y., Low.

Held. Gr. [Sig. ancient.]
antiqua var. pervetusta, Hall, 1859, Low.

Held. Gr. [Sig. very ancient.]
chicagoensis, Winchell & Marcy, 1865,

Mem. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., Niagara

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
conica, Winchell, 1863, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci., Chemung Gr. [Sig. conical.]
danai, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3, Low.

Held. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
dilucula, Hall, 1847, (Turbo dilucula) Pal.

N. Y., vol. 1, Calciferous Gr. [Sig.

very early, at break of day.]
(?) elongata, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol.

3, Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. elongated.]
eriensis, Nicholson, 1874, Rep. Pal. Ont.,

Devonian. [Ety. proper name.]
gracia, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Guelph Gr. [Sig. pleasant.]
guelphensis, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol.

1, Guelph Gr. [Etv. proper name.]
harmonia, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Guelph Gr. [Ety. mythological name.]

lavinia, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Trenton Gr. [Ely. mythological

name.]
leiosoma, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Quebec Gr. [Sig. smooth-bodied.]
nereis, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Trenton & Black Riv. Gr. [Ety. my-
thological name.]
niagarensis, Winchell & Marcy, 1865,

Mem. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist, Niagara

Gr. [Etv. proper name.]
obliqua, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,

Trenton & Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. ob-
lique.]
obscura, Hall, 1847, (Turbo obscura) Pal.

N. Y., vol. 1, Calciferous Gr. [Sig.

obscure, doubtful.]
occidentalis, Nicholson, 1875, Quar. Jour.

Geo. Soc. Lond., Guelph Gr. [Sig.

western.]
ophelia, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Quebec Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
ovalis, Billings, 1859, Can. Nat. & Geo.,

vol.4, Calciferous Gr. [Sig. oval.]
paludiniformis, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y.,

vol. 1, Trenton Gr. [Sig. like a Palu-

dina.]
proserpina, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol.

1, Calciferous & Chazy Gr. [Ety. my-
thological name.]
proutana, Hall, 1858, Trans. Alb. Inst.,

vol. 4, Warsaw Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
pyrene, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Black Riv. Gr. [Ety. mythological

name.]
reversa, Hall, 1860, Can. Nat. & Geo.,

vol.5, Silurian. [Sig. reversed.]
subconica, Hall, 1859, Can. Nat. & Geo.,

vol. 3, Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. subcon-

ical.]
subconica, Winchell, 1863. This name

was preoccupied.]
symmetrica, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol.

1, Black Riv. Gr. [Sig. svmmetrical.]
turgida, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,

Calciferous Gr. [Sig. turgid, swollen

out]
ventricosa, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,

Trenton Gr. [Sig. bulging out.]
Holopelea, McCoy, 1855. Brit. Pal. Foss.

[Ety. diminutive of Holopea.']
mira, Winchell, 1863, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci., Chemung Gr. [Sig. wonderful.]

Inachus catilloides,see Euoniphalus catilloides.

pervetustus, see Euoniphalus pervetustus.

undatus, see Lituites undatus.

Isonema, Meek & Worth en, 1866, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci. Phil. [Ety. isos, equal ; nema,

a thread.]
bellatulum, Hall, 1861, (Loxonema bella-

tula) 14th Reg. Rep. N. Y. [Sig. quite

handsome.]
depressum, Meek & Worthen, 1865, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Ham. Gr. [Sig.

depressed.]
huiitili.i, see Naticopsis humilis.

150

GASTEEOPODA.

lichas, Hall, 1861, (Platyostoma lichas)

14th Reg. Rep. N. Y., Up. Held. Gr.

[Ety. mythological name.]
Littvrina, Ferussac, 18 21, Tab. Syst. An.

Mollusques, etc.
antiqua, see Holopea antiqua.
cancellata, see Cyclonema cancellatum.
wlteeleri, see Naticopsis wheel eri.
Loxonema, Phillips, 1841, Pal. Foss. [Ety.

bxos, oblique; nema, a thread.]
aculeatum, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.

Antic, Anticosti Gr. [Sig. sharp-
pointed.]
acutulum, Dawson, 1868, Acad. Geol., Car-
boniferous. [Sig. somewhat sharp-
pointed.]
attenuatum, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. attenuated.]
bellatula, see Isonema bellatula.
bellona, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devonian Foss.,

Ham. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
boydi, see Murchisonia boydi.
carinatum, Stevens, 1858, Am. Jour. Sci.,

2d series, vol. 25, Coal Meas. [Sig.

keeled.]
cerithiforme, Meek & Worthen, 1860,

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Coal Meas.

[Sig. like a shell of the genus Cerith-

tttm.]
coaptum, Hall, 1876,Illust.DevonianFoss.,

Ham. Gr. [Sig. closely-joined.]
compactum, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. compact.]
danvillense, Stevens, 1858, Am. Jour.

Sci., vol. 25, Coal Meas. [Ety. proper

name.]
delphicola, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep.,

Ham. Gr. [Ety. mythological name.]
fasciatum, King, 1850, Permian Foss.,

Permian Gr. [Sig. banded.]
fitchi, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y, vol. 3, Low.

Held. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
halli, Norwood & Pratten, 1855, Jour.

Acad. Nat. Sci., 2d series, vol. 3, Coal

Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
hamiltoni&e, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep.,

Ham. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
hydraulicum, Hall, 1872, 24th Reg. Rep.,

Ham. Gr. [Ety. from the hydraulic

limestone.]
inornata, see Polyphemopsis inornata.
leda, Hall, 1868, 20th Reg. Rep. N. Y.,

Niagara Gr. [Ety. mythological name.]
minutum, Stevens, 1858, Am. Jour. Sci.,

2d series, vol. 25, Coal Meas. [Sig.

minute.]
multicostatum, Meek & "Worthen, 1861,

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Coal Meas. [Sig.

many-ribbed.]
murrayanum, Salter, 1859,Can.Org.Rem.,

Decade 1 , Black Riv. Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
newberryi, see Macrocheilus newberryi.
nexile, Phillips, 1841, Pal. Foss., Ham.

Gr. [Sig. interlaced.] American

species. (?)
nitidula, see Polyphemopsis nitidula.

nodosum, Stevens, 1858, Am. Jour. Sci., 2d

ser., vol. 25, Coal Meas. [Sig. knotted.]
obtusum, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

lx>w. Held Gr. [Sig. obtuse.]
oligospiratum, Winchell, 1863, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci., Chemung Gr. [Sig. having

few whorls.]
pexatum, Hall, 1861, 14th Reg. Rep., Up.

Held Gr. [Sig. clothed in a shell with

a nap on it.]
pexatum var. obsoletum, Hall, 1876,Ulust.

Devonian Foss., Up. Held. Gr. [Sig.

obsolete.]
planogyratum, Hall, 1839, Pal. N.Y., vol.3,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. flattened whorl ;

from the flattening of the upper side

of the last volution.]
politum, Stevens, 1858, Am. Jour. Sci., 2d

series, vol. 25, Coal Meas. [Sig.

smoothed.]
regulare, Cox, 1857, Geo. Sur. Ky., vol. 3,

Coal Meas. [Sig. regular.]
robustum, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep.,Scho-

harie grit. [Sig. robust.]
rugosum, Meek & Worthen, 1860, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci., Coal Meas. [Sig.

wrinkled.]
scitula, Meek & Worthen, 1860, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci., Coal Meas. [Sig.

neat, pretty.]
semicostatum, Meek, 1871, Proc.Aca. Nat.

Sci., Coal Meas. [Sig. half-ribbed.]
solidum, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep., Scho-
harie grit. [Sig. solid.]
styliola, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devon. Foss.,

Chemung Gr. [Sig. a truncated

column.]
subattenuatum, Hall, 1862,15th Reg. Rep.,

Schoharie grit. [Sig. somewhat atten-
uated.]
subulata, see Murchisonia subulata.
tenuicarinatum, Stevens, 1858, Am. Jour.

Sci., 2nd series, vol. 25, Coal Meas.

[Sig. fine-lined.]
terebra, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devon. Foss.,

Chemung Gr. [Sig. an auger.]
teres, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devonian Foss.,

Corniferous Gr. [Sig. well-rounded.]
turritiformie, Hall, 1860, 13th Reg. Rep.

N. Y., Ham. Gr. [Sig. tower-like.]
vincta, Hall, 1858, Trans. Alb. Inst., vol.

4, Warsaw Gr. [Sig. girded.]
yandellanum, Hall, 1858, Trans. Alb. Inst.

vol. 4, Warsaw Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Macxukea, LeSueur, 1818,(Maclurites) Jour.

Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. 1. [Ety. proper

name.]
acuminata, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol.

1, Quebec Gr. [Sig. pointed.]
affinis, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Quebec. Gr. [Sig. near to.]
atlantica, Billings, 1859, Can. Nat. & Geo.,

vol. 4, ChazyGr. [Ety. proper name.]
bigsbyi, Hall, 1861, Geo. Rep. Wis., Tren-
ton Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
crenulata, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol.

1, Quebec Gr. [Sig. crenulated.]

GASTEROPODA.

lol

emmonsi, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol

1, Quebec Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
labiata, see Raphistoma labiata.
logani, Salter, 1851, Rep. British Assoc.

Black Riv. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
magna, LeSueur, 1818, Jour. Acad. Nat.

Sci., vol. 1, Chazv Gr. [Sig. large.]
matutina, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,

Calciferous Gr. [Sig. in the morning.]
oceana, Billings, 18(55, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Quebec Gr." [Ety. mythological name.]
ponderosa, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol.

1, Quebec Gr. [Sig. heavy.]
psyche, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,
"Quebec Gr. [Ety. mythological name'.]
rotundata, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol.

1, Quebec Gr. [Sig. rounded.]
speciosa, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Quebec Gr. [Sig. beautiful.]
sordtda, see Ophileta sordida.
striata, Emmons, see Raphistoma striata.
striata, Troost, 1840. Not defined,
sylpha, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Quebec Gr. [Ety. mythological

name.]
transitionis, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol.

1, Quebec Gr. [Sig. a passing over,

or transition between M. affinis and

M. emmonsi.']
Machocheilus, Phillips, 1841, Pal. Foss.

[Ety. macros, long ; cheilos, lip.]
altonensis, Worthen, 1873, Geo. Sur. 111.,

vol. 5, Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
angulifera, White, 1874, Rep. Inverte-
brate Foss., Carboniferous. [Sig.

bearing angles.]
carinata, Stevens, 1858, Am. Jour. Sci.,

vol. 25, Coal Meas. [Sig. keeled.]
cooperensis, Swallow, 1863, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., Low. Carb. [Ety.

proper name.]
fusiformvs, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,

Coal Meas. The name was preoccu-

}>ied by Sowerby, see Morris' Cata-
ogue.
gracilis, Cox, 1857, Geo. Sur. Ky., vol. 3,

Coal Meas. [Sig. slender.]
haUanus, see Soleniscus hallanus.
hamiltonia?, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep.,

Ham. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
hebe, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep., Ham.

Gr. [Ety. mythological name.]
hildrethi, Conrad, 1842, (Plectostylus

hildrethi) Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol.

8, Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
inhabilis, see Macrocheilus primigenius.
intercalaris, Meek & Worthen, 1860, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci., Coal Meas. [Sig.
intercalated.]
kansasensis, Swallow, 1858, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., Coal Meas. [Ety.

proper name.] ,

klipparti, Meek, 1872, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
macrostomus, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep.,

Ham. Gr. [Sig. long-mouthed.]

medialis, Meek & Worthen, 1865, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci., Coal Meas. [Sig. from

its medium size.]
missouriensis, Swallow, 1858, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., Coal Meas. [Ety.

proper name.]
newberryi, Stevens, 1858, (Loxonema

newberryi) Am. Jour. Sci., 2d series,

vol. 25, Coal Meas. [Ety. proper

name.]
paludineeformis, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep.

Iowa, Coal Meas. [Sig. like a shell

of the genus Paludina.]
pinguis, AVinchell, 1863, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci., Chemung Gr. [Sig. fat, thick.]
ponderosus, Swallow, 1858, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., Coal Meas. [Sig.

heavy, bulky.]
primpevus, Hall, 1876. Illust. Devonian

Foss., Schoharie grit. [Sig. primeval.]
primigenius, Conrad, 1835, (Stylifer prim-

igenia) Trans. Geo. Soc. Penn., vol. 1,

Coal Meas. [Sig. first born.]
pulehellus, Meek & Worthen, 1860, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci., Coal Meas. [Sig.

beautiful.]
spiratus, McCoy, 1850, Brit. Pal. Foss.,

Coal Meas. [Sig. spiral.]
texanus, Shumard, 1859, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper

name.]
ventricosus, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa,

Coal Meas. [Sig. ventricose.]
Metoptoma, Phillips, 1836,Geo. of Yorkshire.

[Ety. mdopon, front; tome, incision.]
alceste, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Hud. Riv. Gr. [Ety. mythological

name.]
augusta, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Quebec Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
auomala, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Quebec Gr. [Sig. irregular.]
canadensis, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol.

1, (Chiton canadensis) Black Riv. Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
dubia, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1, Chazy

Gr. [Sig. doubtful.]
erato, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Black Riv. Gr. [Ety. mythological

name.]
estella, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Hud. Riv. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
eubele, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Calcif. & Black Riv. Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
hyrie, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Quebec Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
instabilis, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Quebec Gr. [Sig. not firm, changing.]
melissa, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Quebec Gr. [Ety. mythological

name.]
montrealensis, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss.,

vol. 1, Chazv Gr. [Etv. proper name.]
niobe, Billings", 1862, Pa"l. Foss., vol. 1,

Calcif. Gr. [Ety. mythological name.]
nycteis, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Calcif. Gr. [Ety. mythological name.]

«2

GASTEROPODA.

orithyia, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Calcif. Gr. [Ety. mythological name.]
orphyne, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Quebec Gr. [Ety. mythological name.]
quebecensis, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss.,

vol. 1, Quebec Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
rugosa, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. l,Hud.

Riv. Gr. [Sig. wrinkled.]
simplex, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Calcif. Gr. [Sig. simple.]
superba, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Black Riv. Gr. [Sig. magnificent.]
trentonensis, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss.,

vol. 1, Trenton Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
undata, Winchell, 1865, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci. Phil., Kinderhook Gr. [Sig.

wavy.]
umbella, Meek & Worthen, 1866, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Burlington Gr.

[Sig. umbrella-like.]
venilla, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Quebec Gr. [Ety. mythological name.]
Microceras, Hall, 1845, Am. Jour. Sci., vol.

48. [Ety. mikros, small; keras, horn.]
inornatus, Hall, 1845, Am. Jour. Sci., vol.

48, Cin'ti Gr. [Sig. not adorned,

smooth.]
Microdoma, Meek & Worthen, 1866, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. [Ety. mikros, small ;

domus, house.]
conica, Meek & Worthen, 1866, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Low. Coal Meas.

[Sig. conical.]
Murchisonia, D'Archiac & Verneuil, 1841,

Bull. Soc. Geo. Fr., vol. 12. [Ety.

proper name.]
abbreviata, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,

Chazy Gr. The name was preoccu-
pied by Koninck in 1841.
aciculata, Hall, 1860, Can. Nat. & Geo.,

vol. 5, Silurian. [Sig. needle-pointed.]
acrea, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Quebec Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
ada, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1, Cal-

ciferous Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
adelina, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Quebec Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
agilis, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Quebec Gr. [Sig. from the depths.]
alexandra, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol.

1, Black Riv. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
angulata, Phillips, 1836, (Rostellaria an-

gulata) Geol. of Yorkshire, Devonian.

[Sig. angulated.] Very doubtfully

identified in America,
angustata, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,

Birdseye Gr. [Sig. narrowed.]
anna, Billing3, 1859, Can. Nat. & Geol.,

vol. 4, Calciferous Gr. [Ety. St. Annis

in Canada.]
archimedea, McChesney, 1861, Desc.

New Pal. Foss., Coal Meas. [Sig. per-
taining to the machine invented by

Archimedes.]
arenaria, Billings, 1859, Can. Nat. & Geo.,

vol. 4, Calciferous Gr. [Sig. sandy.]

arisaigensis, Hall, 1860, Can. Nat. & Geo.,
vol. 5, Silurian. [Ety. proper name.]

artemisia, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol.
1, Calciferous Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

aspera, Billings, 1859, Can. Nat. & Geo.,
vol. 4, Chazy Gr. [Sig. rough.]

attenuata, Hall, 1858, Trans. Alb. Inst,,
vol. 4, Warsaw Gr. [Sig. drawn out,
attenuated.]

augustina, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol.
1, Quebec Gr. [Etv. proper name.]

bellicincta, Hall, 1847,*Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,
Trenton & Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. beau-
tifully banded.]

bicincta, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,
Trenton & Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. double-
banded.] This name was preoccupied
by McCoy in 1844.

bilirata, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,
Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. double-fur-
rowed.]

bivittata, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,
Guelph Gr. [Sig. double-banded.]

bowdeni, Safford, 1869, Geo. of Tenn.,
Nashville Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

boydi, Hall, 18 43, (Loxonema boydi)
Geo. Rep. 4th Dist. N. Y., Guelph Gr.
[Ety. proper name.]

boylii, Nicholson, 1875, Quar. Jour. Geo.
Soc. Lond., vol. 31, Guelph Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]

carinifera, Shumard, 1863, Trans. St. Louis
Acad. Sci., Calciferous Gr. [Sig. keel-
bearing.]

cassandra, Billings,. 1865, Pal. Foss., vol.
1, Quebec Gr. [Ety. mythological
name.]

catherina, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol.
1, Quebec Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

cicelia, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,
Quebec Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

conoidea, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,
Medina Gr. [Sig. somewhat conical.]

conradi, Hall, 1867, 20th Reg. Rep., Ni-
agara Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

desiderata, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep.,
Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. desired.]

egregia, Billings, 1874, Pal. Foss., vol. 2,
Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. excellent.]

elegantula, Hall, 1858, Trans. Alb. Inst.,
vol. 4, Warsaw Gr. [Sig. quite elegant.]

estella, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss. vol. 1,
Guelph Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

extenuata, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,
Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. thinned-out.]

funata, Billings, 1866r Catal. Sil. Foss.
Antic, Anticosti Gr. [Sig. corded.]

gigantea, Billings, 1857, Rep. of Progr.,
Mid. Sil. [Sig. unusually large.]

gracilis, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,
Trenton & Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. slen-
der.] ,

gypsea, Dawson, 1868, Acad. Geol., Car-
boniferous. [Sig. gvpsum.]

hebe, Billings, 1874, Pal. Foss., vol. 2,
Devonian. [Ety. mythological name.]

GASTEROPODA.

153

helicteres, Salter, 1859, Can. Org. Rem.,

Decade 1, Black Riv. and Trenton Or.

[Sig. a round, smooth spire.]

hercynia, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Guelph Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

The name was preoccupied by Roemer
in 1843.
hermione, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol.
1, Chazy or Black Riv. Gr. [Ety.

mythological name.]
hyale, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Chazy or Black Riv. Gr. [Ety. proper

name. ]
infrequens, Billings, 1859, Can. Nat. &

Geo., vol. 4, Chazy Gr. [Sig. rare.]
inornata, Meek & Worthen, 1866, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci., Coal Meas. [Sig. not

adorned.]
insculpta, Hall, 1858, Trans. Alb. Inst.,

vol. 4, Warsaw Gr. [Sig. engraved.]
Jessica, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Quebec Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
kansasensis, Swallow, 1858, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., Coal Meas. [Ety.

proper name.]
laphami, Hall, 1861, Rep. of Progr. Wis.,

Niagara Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
leda, Hall, 1861, 14th Reg. Rep. N. Y

Up. Held. Gr. [Ety. mythological

name.]
limitaris, Hall, 1860, 13th Reg. Rep. N.

Y., Ham. Gr. [Sig. limited.]
linearis, Billings, 1859, Can. Nat. & Geol.,

vol. 4, Calciferous Gr. [Sig. marked

with lines.]
logani, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,

Guelph Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
longispira, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,

Guelph Gr. [Sig. long-spired.]
macrospira, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,

Guelph Gr. [Sig. large or long-spired.]
maia, Hall, 1861, 14th Reg. Rep., Up.

Held. Gr. [Ety. mythological name.]
major, Hall, 1851, Geo. Lake Sup. Land

Dist.,vol. 2, Trenton Gr. [Sig. the

greater.]
melaniiformis, Shumard, 1855, Geo. Rep.

Mo., Calciferous Gr. [Ety. formed

like the Melania, a genus of shells.]
minima, Swallow, 1858, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., Middle Coal Meas. [Sig.

minute, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,
Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. small.]

missisquoi, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol.
1, Quebec Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

modesta, Billings, 1857, Rep. of Progr.,
Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. not large.]

mucro, Winchell, 1866, Rep. Low. Pen-
insula Mich., Ham. Gr. [Sig. a sharp
point.]

multivolvis, Billings, 1857, Rep. of Progr.,
Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. many rolled.]

mylitta, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,
Guelph Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

nebrascensis, Geinitz, 1866, Carb. und
Dyas in Neb., Coal Meas. [Ety.
proper name.]

neglecta, Winchell, 1863, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci., Chemung Gr. [Sig. neglected.]
obtusa, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2, Cor-
alline limestone. [Sig. obtuse.]
ozarkensis, Shumard, 1863, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., Calciferous Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
papillosa, Billings, 1857, Rep. of Progr.,

Mid. Sil. [Sig. covered with tubercles.]
perangulata, Hall, 1847, Pal. N.Y.,vol. 1,

Black Riv. and Trenton Gr. [Sig.

very angular.]
perversa, Swallow, 1858, Trans. St. Ixmis

Acad. Sci., Up. Coal Meas. [Sig.

turned around.]
petilla, Hall, 1872, 24th Reg. Rep., Niag-
ara Gr. [Sig. thin, slender.]
placida, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Quebec Gr. [Sig. placid, smooth.]
procris, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Black Riv. Gr. [Ety. mythological

name.]
quadricincta, Winchell, 1863, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci., Chemung Gr. [Sig. four-
girded.]
rugosa, Billings, 1857, Rep. of Progr.,

Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. wrinkled.]
serrulata, Salter, 1859, Can. Org. Rem.,

Decade 1, Black Riv. and Trenton Gr.

[Sig. minutely-serrated.]
shumardana, Winchell, 1863, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci. Phil., Chemung Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
simulatrix, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol.

1, Quebec Gr. [Sig. an imitator.]
sororcula, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Quebec Gr. [Sig. a little sister.]
mbfusiformis, see Fusispira subfusiformis.
mbtseniata, see Orthonema subtseniatum.
subulata, Conrad, 1842, (Loxonema subu-

lata) Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. 8,

Clinton Gr. [Sig. awl-shaped.]
sumnerensis, Safford, 1869, Geo. of Tenn.,

Nashville Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
sylvia, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Quebec Gr. [Ety. mythological name.]
terebrans, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,

Coralline limestone. [Sig. like an

auger.]
terebriformis, Hall, 1858, Trans. Alb.

Inst., vol. 4, Warsaw Gr. [Sig. in the

form of an auger or borer.]
teretiformis, Billings, 1857, Rep. of Progr.,

Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. of a long, round

shape.]
( texana, Shumard, 1860, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper

name.]
tricarinata, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,

Trenton Gr. [Sig. three-keeled.]
tricingulata, Dawson, 1868, Acad. Geol.,

Carboniferous. [Sig. three-banded.]
turricula, Billings, 1857, Rep. of Progr.,

Mid. Sil. [Sig. a little tower.]
turricula, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep. N.

Y., Ham. Gr. This name was pre-
occupied.

154

GASTEROPODA.

turritella, Hall, 1858, Trans. Alb. Inst.,

vol. 4, Warsaw Gr. [Sig. a little

tower.]
turritiformis, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol.

2, Guelph Gr. [Sig. like a tower.]
uniangulata, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol.

1, Trenton & Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig.

having one angular line.]
uniangulata var. abbreviata, Hall, 1847,

Pal. N. Y., vol. 1, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig.

comparatively shortened.]
varians, Billings, 1857, Rep. of Progr.,

Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. variable.]
varicosa, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,

Birdseve Gr. [Sig. varicose.]
ventricosa, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,

Black Riv. & Trenton Gr. [Sig. ven-

tricose.]
vermicula, Hall, 1858, Trans. Alb. Inst.,

vol. 4, Warsaw Gr. [Sig. worm-
shaped.]
vesta, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Calciferous Gr. [Ety. mythological

name.]
vitellia, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Guelph Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
vittala, see Fusispira vittata.
Xanthippe, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol.

1, Guelph Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Natica, Adanson, 1757, Histoire Naturelle

du Senegal, etc. [Ety. nato, to swim

with a fluctuating motion.] This genus

is unknown in Palaeozoic rocks.
altonensis, see Naticopsis altonensis.
carleyana, see Naticopsis carleyana.
chesterensis, see Naticopsis chesterensis.
littonana, see Naticopsis littonana.
magister, syn. for Naticopsis ventricosa.
shumardi, see Naticopsis shumardi.
ventricosa, see Naticopsis ventricosa.
Naticopsis, McCoy, 1844, Synop.Carb. Foss.,

Ireland. [Ety. from resemblance to

the genus Natica.~\
aequistriata. Meek, 1873, Ohio Pal., vol.

1, Cornif. Gr. [Sig. having equal

striae.]
altonensis, McChesney, 1865, (Natica

altonensis) Desc. New Pal. Foss., Coal

Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
carleyana, Hall, 1858, (Natica carleyana)

Trans. Alb. Inst., vol. 4, Warsaw Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
chesterensis, Swallow, 1863, Trans. St.
, Louis Acad. Sci., Kaskaskia Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
cretaeea, Hall, 1873, 23rd Reg. Rep. N. Y.,

Cornif. Gr. [Sig. chalk-like.]
depressa, Winchell, 1863, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci., Chemung Gr. [Sig. de-
pressed.]
dispassa, Dawson, 1868, Acad. Geol.,

Carbonif. [Sig. much spread out.]
gigantea, Hall, 1873, 23rd Reg. Rep. N.

Y., Chemung Gr. [Sig. unusually

large.]
hollidayi, see Trachydomia hollidayi.
howi, Hartt, 1868, Acad. Geol., Carboni-
ferous. [Ety. proper name.]

humilis, Meek, 1871, (Isonema humilis)

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Cornif.

Gr. [Sig. small, dwarfish.]
lsevis, Meek, 1871, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.,

Cornif. Gr. [Sig. smooth.]
littonana, Hall, 1858, (Natica littonana)

Trans. Alb. Inst., vol. 4, Warsaw Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
magvder, syn. for N. ventricosa.
nana, Meek & Worthen, 1860, (Platys-

toma nana) Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Coal

Meas. [Sig. dwarfish.]
nodosa, see Trachydomia nodosa,
pricei, Shumard, 1858, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., Up. Coal Meas. [Ety.

proper name.]
remex, White, 1876, Geo. Uinta Moun-
tains, Low. Aubrey Gr. [Sig. a rower.]
shumardi, McChesney, 1860, (Natica

shumardi) Desc. New Pal. Foss., Coal

Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
subovata, Worthen, 1873, Geo. Sur. 111.,

vol. 5, Coal Meas. [Sig. somewhat

ovate.]
ventricosa, Norwood & Pratten, 1855,

(Natica ventricosa) Jour. Acad. Nat.

Sci., Coal Meas. [Sig. ventricose.]
wheeleri, Swallow, 1860, (Littorina

wheeleri) Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci.,

Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
Omphalotrochus, Meek, 1864, Geo. California.

A name proposed as a subgenus of

Euomplialus or Straparollus.
Ophileta, Yanuxem, 1842, Geo. Rep. N. Y.

[Ety. ophis, a snake.]
abdita, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Quebec Gr. [Sig. concealed.]
(?) bella, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Quebec Gr. [Sig. beautiful.]
compacta, Salter, 1859, Can. Org. Rem.,

Decade 1, Calciferous Gr. [Sig. com-
pact.]
complanata, Vanuxem, 1842, Geo. Rep.

N. Y., Calciferous Gr. [Sig. smoothed.]
disjuncta, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Calciferous Gr. [Sig. disjoined.]
levata, Vanuxem, 1842, Geo. Rep. N. Y.,

Calciferous Gr. [Sig. polished,

smoothed.]
nerine, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Quebec Gr. [Ety. mythological name.]
ottawaensis, Billings, 1860, Can. Nat. &

Geol., vol. 5, Trenton Gr. [Ety. my-
thological name.]
owenana, Meek & Worthen, 1868, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 3, Galena Gr. [Ety.

proper name. ]
profunda, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Quebec Gr. [Sig. deep.]
sordida, Hall, 1847, (Maclurea sordida)

Pal. N. Y., vol. 1, Calciferous Gr. [Sig.

paltry.]
uniangulata, Hall, 1847, (Euomphalus uni-

angulatus) Pal. N. Y., vol. 1, Calcifer.

Gr. [Sig. one angled ; from the angu-
lar line on one whorl.]

GASTEROPODA.

155

Orthonema, Meek & Worthen, 1801, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. [Ety. orthos,
straight; nema, a thread.]

conicum, Meek & Worthen, 1866, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Coal Meas. [Sig.
a cone.]

newberryi, Meek, 1871, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phil., Corniferous Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]

salteri, Meek & Worthen, 1860, (Eunema (?)
salteri) Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil.,
Low. Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]

subtamiatum, Geinitz, 1866, (Murchisonia
subtseniata) Carb. und Dyas in Neb.,
Coal Meas. [Sig. somewhat banded.]
Orthanychia, Hall, 1843, syn. for Platyceras.
Orthostoma, Conrad, 1838, Ann. Rep. N.
Y. [Ety. orthos , straight ; stoma,
mouth.]

commune, Conrad, 1838, Ann. Rep. N.
Y., figured in 1841, Birdseye Gr. [Sig.
common.]
Pal,eacm;ea, Hall, 1873, 23d Reg. Rep.N. Y.
[Ety. palaios, ancient ; Acmxa, an ex-
isting genus of shells.]

typica, Hall, 1873, 23d Reg. Rep. N. Y.,
Potsdam Gr. [Ety. type of the genus.]
Phanerotixus, Sowerby, 1842, Min. Conch.
[Ety. phaneros, aperture ; teino, ex-
tended.]

paradoxus, Winchell, 1863, Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci., Chemung Gr. [Sig. para-
doxical.]
Phragmolites, syn. for Cyrtolites.

compressus, see Cyrtolites compressus.
Phragmostoma, Hall, 1861, 14th Reg. Rep.
[Ety. phragmos, a partition, stoma, the
mouth ; from the septum within the
aperture.]

cumulus, Hall, 1861, 14th Reg. Rep.,Hud.
Riv. Gr. [Sig. a heap.]

cymbula, Hall, 1861, 14th Reg. Rep., Hud.
Riv. Gr. [Sig. a small boat.]

natator, Hall, 1862, loth Reg. Rep., Por-
tage and Ham. Gr. [Sig. a swimmer.]
The same species Hall identified with
Bellerophon expansus of Sowerby, in
1843, Geo. Rep. 4th Dist. N. Y.
Pileopsis tubifer, syn. for Platyceras dumosum.

vetustus, Sowerby. Not American.
Planorbis, Guettard, 1756, Mem. Acad. Sc.
Paris.

trilobatus, see Bucania trilobatus.
Platyceras, Conrad, 1840, Ann. Rep. N. Y.
[Ety. plati/s, broad ; keras, horn.]

agreste, Hali, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,
Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. pertaining to
the fields, coarse.]

ammon, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep., Up.
Held. Gr. [Ety. mythological name.]

angulatum, Hall, 1852, (Acroculia angu-
lata) Pal. N. Y., vol. 2, Clinton and
Niagara Gr. [Sig. angulated.]

arcuatum, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,
Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. bent.]

argo, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep., Up.
Held. Gr. [Ety. mythological name.]

attenuatum, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep.,

Ham. Gr. [Sig. attenuated.]
attenuatum. Meek, 1871, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci. Phil., Cornif. Gr. This name was

preoccupied.]
auriculatum, Hall, 1876, Ulust. Devonian

Foss., Ham. Gr. [Sig. eared.]
billingsi, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Low. Held. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
biserialis, Hall, 1860, Supp. to Geo. Iowa,

vol. 1, pt. 2, Burlington Gr. [Sig. hav-
ing two rows.]
bisinuatum, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol.

3, Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. double-sin-

uated.]
bisulcatum, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol.

3, Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. double-
furrowed.]
bucculentum, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep.,

Ham. Gr. [Sig. large mouthed.]
calantica, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. like a covering

for the head.]
callosum, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y;, vol. 3,

Oriskany sandstone. [Sig. having a

thick skin.]
campanulatum, Winchell & Marcy, 1865,

Mem. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., Niagara

Gr. [Sig. bell-shaped.]
capulus, Hall, 1860, Supp. Geo. Iowa,

Burlington Gr. [Sig. a coffin.]
carinatum, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep.,

Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. keeled.]
cirriformis, Conrad, 1841, Ann. Rep. N.

Y. Not clearlv defined,
clavatum, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. club-like.]
concavum, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep.,

Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. concave.]
conicum, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep., Ham.

Gr. [Sig. conical.]
corniforme, Winchell, 1863, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci., Chemung Gr. [Sig. in the

form of a horn.]
crassum, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep., Up.

Held. Gr. [Sig. thick.]
curvirostrum, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol.

3, Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. bent-beaked.]
cymbium, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep.,

Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. a small drinking

vessel.]
cyrtolites, McChesney, 1859, Pal. Foss.,

Coal Meas. [Sig. curved stone.]
dentalium, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep.,

Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. a plough share.]
dilatatum, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. dilated.]
dumosum, Conrad, 1S40, Ann. Rep. N.

Y., Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. bushy.]
dumosum far. rarispinum, Hall, 1862, 15th

Reg. Rep., Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. few

spined.]
echinatum, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep.,

Ham. Gr. [Sig. set with spines.]
elongatum, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. lengthened.]

156

GASTEROPODA.

equilateralis, Hall, 1860, Supp. to vol. 1,

pt. 2, Iowa Rep., Keokuk Gr. [Sig.

equal-sided.]
erectum, Hall, 1843, (Acroculia erecta)

Geo. 4th Dist. N. Y., Cornif. & Ham.

Gr. [Sig. erect, straight.]
expanms, see Strophostvlus expansus.
fissurella, Hall, 1860, Supp. to Geo. Rep.

Iowa, vol. 1, pt. 2, Keokuk Gr. [Sig.

a little cleft.]
fornicatuin, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep.,

Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. arched.]
fornicatum var. contractum, Hall, 1876,

Illust. Devonian Foss., Up. Held. Gr.

[Sig. contracted.]
gebhardi, Conrad, 1840, Ann. Rep. N. Y.,

Low. Held, and Oriskany Gr. [Ety.

proper name..]
gibbosum, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. gibbous.]
haliotoides, Meek & Worthen, 1866, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Kinderhook Gr.

[Sig. like the Haliotus or ear-shell.]
incile, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3, Low.

Held. Gr. [Sig. having gutters.]
infundibulum, Meek & Worthen, 1866,

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Keokuk

Gr. [Sig. a funnel.]
intermedium, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol.

3, Low. Held. Gr. . [Sig. intermediate

in size.]
lamellosum, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol.

3, Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. with many

plates.]
lodiense, Meek, 1871, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci. Phil., Waverly Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
magnificum, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol.

3, Oriskany sandstone. [Sig. mag-
nificent.]
multisinuatum, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y.,

vol. 3, Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. having

many depressions.]
multispinosum, Meek, 1871, Pn:c. Acad.

Nat. Sci. Phil., Cornif. Gr. [Sig. hav-
ing many spines.]
nebrascense, Meek, 1872, Pal. E. Neb.,

Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
newberryi, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Low. Held. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
niagarense, Hall, 1852, (Acroculia niag-

arensis) Pal. N. Y., vol. 2, Niagara Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
nodosum, Conrad, 1841, Ann. Rep. N. Y.,

Oriskany sandstone. [Sig. knobbed.]
obesum, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. plump in form.]
ovale, Stevens, 1858, (Acroculia ovalis)

Am. Jour. Sci., vol. 25, Carboniferous.

[Sig. oval.]
patulum, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Oriskany sandstone. [Sig. spread out.]
pentalobus, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol.

3, Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. five-lobed.]
perlatum, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. very wide.]
perplexum, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devonian

Foss., Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. obscure.]

perplicatum, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol.
3, Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. very much
plicated.]

pileiforme, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,
Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. cap-shaped.]

platystoma, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,
Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. broad-mouthed.]

platystoma var. alveatum, Hall, 1859,
Pal. N. Y., vol. 3, Low. Held. Gr. [Sig.
channeled.]

plicatile, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,
Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. in small folds.]

plicatum, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y, vol. 3,
Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. folded.]

primsevum, Billings, 1871, Can. Nat. &
Geol., vol. 6, Quebec Gr. [Sig. first-
born.]

primordiale, Hall, 1863, 16th Reg. Rep.,
Potsdam Gr. [Sig. the first of all.]

pyramidatum, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol.
3, Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. pyramid-
formed.]

quincyense, McChesney, 1861, New Pal.
Foss., Burlington Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]

reflexum, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,
Oriskany sandstone. [Sig. turned
back.]

retrorsum, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y, vol. 3,
Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. turned back-
ward.]

retrorsum var. abnorme, Hall, 1859, Pal.
N. Y., vol. 3, Low. Held. Gr. [Sig.
out of the usual order or form.]

reversum, Hall, 1860, Supp. to Geo. Rep.
Iowa, vol. 1, pt. 2, Burlington Gr.
[Sig. turned or bent back.].

rictum, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep., Ham.
& Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. open-mouthed.]

robustum, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,
Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. robust.]

senex, Winchell & Marcy, 1865, (Porcel-
lia senex) Mem. Bost.'Soe. Nat. Hist.,
Niagara Gr. [Sig. old, wrinkled.]

sinuatum, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,
Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. marked with
depressions.]

spinigerum, Worthen, 1873, Geo. Sur.
111., vol. 5, Coal Meas. [Sig. spine-
bearing.]

spirale, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3, Low.
Held. Gr. [Sig. spiral.]

subnodosum, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol.
3, Oriskany sandstone. [Sig. some-
what knotty, or marked with short
projections.]

subplicatum, Meek & Worthen, 1866,
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Kinder-
hook Gr. [Sig. somewhat folded.]

subrectum, Hall, 1859, 12th Reg. Rep. N.
Y., Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. somewhat
straight.]

mbrectum, Hall, 1860, Supp. to Iowa Rep.
The name being preoccupied, Meek &
Worthen proposed P. infundibulum.

subundatum, Conrad, 1841, Ann. Rep.
N. Y., Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. somewhat
waved.]

GASTEEOPODA.

157

ettbundatum, Meek & Worthen. 1868, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 3, Low. Held. Gr. The

name was preoccupied,
sulcatum, Conrad, 1841, Ann. Rep. N, Y.,

Oriskanv sandstone. [Sig. furrowed.]
sulcoplicatiim, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol.

3, Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. thrown up in

plications.]
svmmetricum, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep.,

Ham. & Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. sym-
metrical.]
tenuiliratum, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol.

3, Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. fine-lined.]
thetis, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep., Ham.

Gr. [Ety. mythological name.]
thetis var. subspinosum, Hall, 1876, Illust.

Devonian Foss., Ham. Gr. [Sig.

somewhat spinv.]
tortum, Meek, 1871, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.,

Coal Meas. [Sig. twisted.]
tortuosum, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Oriskanv sandstone. [Sig. very much

twisted.]
trigonale, Stevens, 1858, (Acroculia tri-

gonalis) Am. Jour. Sci. & Arts, vol.

25, Carboniferous. [Sig. triangular.]
trilobatum, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. three-lobed.]
tubajforme, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. trumpet-shaped.]
uncum, Meek & Worthen, 1866, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci., Keokuk Gr. [Sig.

crooked, hooked.]
undatum, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devonian

Foss., Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. wavy.]
uudulostriatum, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y.,

vol. 3, Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. having

waved stria?.]
unguiforme, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol.

3, Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. claw-shaped.]
uniseriale, Nicholson, 1874, Rep. Pal.Ont.,

Devonian. [Sig. having a single row

or series.]
unisulcatum, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol.

3, Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. one-furrowed.]
ventricosum, Conrad, 1840, Ann. Rep. X.

Y., Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. bulging out.]
vomerium, Winchell, 1863, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci., Chemung Gr. [Sig. a plow

share.]
Platystoma, Conrad, 1842, Jour. Acad. Nat.

Sci., vol. 8. [Ety. platys, broad ;

stoma, mouth.]
affine, Billings, 1874, Pal. Foss., vol. 2,

Devonian. [Sig. related to.]
aplata, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devonian Foss.,

Schoharie grit. [Sig. without lines.]
arenosum, Conrad, 1842, Jour. Acad. Nat

Sci., vol. 8, Low. Held. Gr. [Sig.

sandy.]
defiguratum, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devonian

Foss., Ham. Gr. [Sig. disfigured.]
depressum, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. depressed.]
euomphaloides, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devo-
nian Foss., Ham. Gr. [Sig. like a

shell of the genus Euomphalus.]

hemisphericum, Hall, 1843, (Euomphalus

hemispherica) Geo. Rep. 4th Dist. N.

Y., Niagara Gr. [Sig. hemispherical.]
lichas, see Isonema lichas.
lineatum, Conrad, 1842, Jour. Acad. Nat.

Sci., vol. 8, Cornif. Gr. [Sig. lined.]
lineatum, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep. The

name was preoccupied,
lineatum var. amplum, Hall, 1876, Illust.

Devonian Foss., Ham. Gr. [Sig. full,

large.]
lineatum var. callosum, Hall, I876^111ust.

Devonian Foss., Ham. Gr. [Sig. thick,

hard.]
lineatum car. sinuosum, Hall, 1876, Illust.

Devonian Foss., Ham. Gr. [Sig. wavy,

sinuous.]
nana, see Naticopsis nana,
niagarense, . Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,

Niagara Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
peoriense, McChesnev, 1860, Desc. New

Pal. Foss., Up. Coal Meas. [Ety.

proper name.]
plebeium, Hall, 1876, 28th Reg. Rep. N.

Y., Niagara Gr. [Sig. common.]
pleurotoma, Hall, 1876, Illust, Devonian

Foss., Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. from the

genus Pleurotoma.']
strophium, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep.,

Cornif. Gr. [Sig. twisted or turned.]
subangulatum, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol.

3, Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. somewhat

angular.]
trigonostoma, Meek, 1871, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci., Niagara Gr. [Sig. triangu-
lar-mouthed.]
tumida, see Pleurotomaria tumida.
turbinatum, Hall, 1861, 14th Reg. Rep.,

Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. cone-shaped.]
turbinatum var. cochleatum, Hall, 1876,

Illust. Devonian Foss., Up. Held. Gr.

[Sig. spiral-formed.]
unisulcatum, Conrad, 1842, (Pleurotomaria

unisulcata) Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol.

8, Up. Held Gr. [Sig. having one

depression.]
ventricosum, Conrad, 1842, Jour. Acad.

Nat. Sci., vol. 8, Low. Held. Gr. [Sig.

ventricose.]
Platyschisma, McCoy, 1844,Syn.Carb. Foss.,

Ireland. [Ety. platys, wide ; schisma,

a slit.]
dubium, Dawson, 1868, Acad. Geol., Car-
boniferous. [Sig. doubtful.]
helicoides, (?) Sowerby, 1829, (Ampularia

helicoides) Min. Conch., vol. 8, Coal

Meas. [Sig. resembling a shell of the

genus Helix.]
Plectostylus, Conrad, 1842, Syn. for Macro-

cheilus.
hildrethi, see Macrocheilus hildrethi.
Plfarotomaria, Def ranee, 1826, Diet. Sci.

Nat., 41. [Ety. Pleura, side ; tome, cut

or notch.]
abrupta, Billings, 1859, Can. Nat. & Geo.,

vol. 4, Calciferous Gr. [Sig. terminat-
ing suddenly.]

158

GASTEROPODA.

advena, Winchell, 1864, Am. Jour. Sci. &

Arts, 2d series, vol. 37. Potsdam Gr.

[Sig. a stranger.]
agarista, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Quebec Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
agave, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Trenton Gr. [Ety. mythological

name.]
ambigua, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,

Trenton Gr. [Sig. doubtful.]
americana, Billings, 1860, Can. Nat. &

Geo., vol. 5, Trenton Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
amphitrite, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol.

1, Chazy or Black Riv. Gr. [Ety.

mythological name.]
angulata, Conrad, 1843, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci. Phil. This name was preoccupied

by Sowerby.
antiquata, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,

Chazy Gr. [Sig. antiquated.]
aperta, see Raphistoma apertum.
apicalis, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devonian Foss.,

Chemung Gr. [Sig. apical.]
arabella, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Calciferous Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
arachne, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Black Riv. Gr. [Ety. mythological

name.]
arata, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep., Scho-
harie grit. [Sig. furrowed.]
axion, Hall, 1867,20th Reg. Rep., Niagara

Gr. [Sig. furrowed.]
beckwithana, McChesney, 1860, Desc.

New Pal. Foss., Coal Meas. [Ety.

proper name.]
biangulata, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,

Chazy Gr. [Sig. double-angled, from

the two angular elevations on each

whorl.]
bicarinata, McChesney, 1860. This name

was preoccupied and the species is

now called P. turbiniformis.
Mix, see Cyclonema bilix.
bispiralis, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,

Guelph Gr. [Sig. two-whorled.]
bonharborensis, Cox, 1857, Geo. Sur. Ky.,

vol. 3, Coal Meas. [Ety. proper

name.]
brazoensis, Shumard, 1860, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., Coal Meas. [Ety.

proper name.]
calcifera, Billings, 1859, Can. Nat. & Geo.,

Calciferous Gr. [Ety. from the Cal-
ciferous Group.]
calphurnia, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol.

1, Quebec Gr. [Ety. mythological

name.]
calyx, Billings, 1859, Can. Nat. & Geo.,

vol. 4, Chazy Gr. [Sig. a cup.]
canadensis, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss.,

vol. 1, Calciferous Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
capillaria, Conrad, 1842, Jour. Acad. Nat.

Sci., vol. 8, Ham. Gr. [Sig. pertain-
ing to hair.]

carbonaria, Norwood & Pratten, 1855,

Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., 2d series, vol. 3,

Coal Meas. [Sig. pertaining to coal.]
casii, Meek & Worthen, 1868, Geo. Sur.

111., vol. 3, Niagara Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
cavumbilicata, Winchell, 1866, Rep. Low.

Peninsula Mich., Ham. Gr. [Sig.

having a hollow umbilicus.]
chesterensis, Meek & Worthen, 1860,

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Chester Gr.

[Ety. proper name.] •
cliesterensis, Swallow, 1863, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., Chester Gr. The name

was preoccupied,
circe, Billings, 1857, Rep. of Progr., Hud.

Riv. Gr. [Ety. mythological name.]
concava. Hall, 1858, Trans. Alb. Inst., vol.

4, Warsaw Gr. The name was pre-
occupied by Deshayes in 1824-'36.
conoides, Meek & Worthen, 1866, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci., Coal Meas. The

name was preoccupied by Deshayes

in 1831.
conulus, Hall, 1858, Trans. Alb. Inst., vol.

4, Warsaw Gr. [Sig. a little cone.]
coronula, syn. for P. sphaerulata.]
coxana, Meek & Worthen, 1866, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci., Coal Meas. [Ety.

proper name.]
crevieri, Billings, 1859. Can. Nat. &Geol.,

vol. 4, Chazy Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
cryptata, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.,

Antic, Anticosti Gr. [Sig. concealed.]
cyclonemoides, Meek & Worthen, 1868,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 3, Niagara Gr. [Sig.

like a Cyclonema.]
deiopea, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Guelph Gr. [Ety. mythological

name.]
delia, Billings, 1874, Pal. Foss., vol. 2,

Devonian. [Ety. mythological name.]
delicatula, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devonian

Foss., Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. very deli- •

cate.]
delphinuloides, Goldfuss, as identified by

d'Archiac & Verneuil. Not American,
depauperata, Hall, 1862, Geo. Rep. Wis.,

Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. impoverished.]
depressa, Cox, 1857, Geo. Sur. Ky., vol. 3,

Coal Meas. The name was preoccu-
pied by Passy in 1832, by Phillips in

1836, and by Koninck in 1841.
disjuncta, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devonian

Foss., Ham. Gr. [Sig. disjoined.]
dispersa, Dawson, 1868, Acad. Geol.,

Carboniferous. [Sig. dispersed.]
docens, Billings, 1859, Can. Nat. & Geol.,

vol. 4, Chazy Gr. [Sig. teaching.]
doris, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep., Scho-
harie & Cornif. Gr. [Ety. mythologi-
cal name.]
tlryope, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss, vol. 1,

Black Riv. Gr. [Ety. mythological

name.]
ella, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devonian Foss., .

Ham. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

GASTEROPODA.

159

elora, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Guelph Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
emrnetensis, Winchell, 1866, Rep. Low.

Peninsula Mich., Ham. Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
estella, Hall, 1872, 24th Reg. Rep., Up.

Held. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
etna, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Quebec Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
eugenia, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Black Riv. Gr. [Etv. proper name.]
euomphaloides, Hall, 186*2, 15th Reg.Rep.,

Ham. Gr. [Sig. like an Euomphalus.']
exigua, Winchell, 1862, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci., Marshall Gr. [Sig. small, scanty.]
fllitexta, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devonian

Foss., Ham. Gr. [Sig. woven like

threads.]
galtensis, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol.

1, Guelph Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
glandula, Shumard, 1860, Trans. St.Louis

Acad. Sci., Coal Meas. [Sig. a little

kernel.]
gonopleura, Winchell & Marcy, 1865,

Bost.Soc. Nat. Hist., Niagara Gr. [Sig.

having an angular rib.]
granulostriata, Meek & Worthen, 1860,

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Coal Meas.

[Sig. granular and striated.]
grayvillensis, Norwood & Pratten, 1855,

Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., 2nd series, vol.

3, Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
gregaria, Billings, 1859, Can. Nat. & Geo.,

vol. 4, Calciferous Gr. [Sig. occurring

in masses.] ,
halei. Hall, 1861, Rep. of Progr.Wis.Sur.,

Niagara Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
hallana, Shumard, 1859, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., Permian Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
halli, S. A. Miller, 1874, Cin. Quar. Jour.

Sci., vol. 1, Cin'ti Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
harpya, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Quebec Gr. [Ety. mythological name.]
haydenana, Geinitz, 1866, Carb. und

Dyas in Neb., Coal Meas. [Ety.
0 proper name.]
hebe, Hall, 1861, 14th Reg. Rep. N. Y.,

Up. Held. Gr. [Ety. mythological

name.]
helena, Billings, 1860, Can. Nat. & Geo.,

vol. 5, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
hickmanensis, Winchell, Geo. of Tenn.,

Low. Carb. [Ety. proper name.]
hortensia, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol.

1, Quebec Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
hoyi, Hall, 1861, Rep. of Progr. Wis. Sur.,

Niagara Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
humerosa, Meek & Hayden, 1858, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Coal Meas. [Sig.

humped.]
humilis, Hall, 1858, Trans. Alb. Inst., vol.

4, Warsaw Gr. [Sig. small.]
humilis, Winchell, 1862. This name was

preoccupied.

huronensis, Winchell, 1862, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci. Phil., Portage Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
hyale, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Quebec Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
ida, Hall, 1861, Rep. of Progr. Wis. Sur.,

Niagara Gr. [Ety.mythological name. ]
ignobilis, Dawson, 1868, Acad. Geol., Car-
boniferous. [Sig. ignoble.]
imitator, Hall, 1872, 24th Reg. Rep., Up.

Held. Gr. [Sig. resembler.]
immatura, Billings, 1859, Can. Nat. &

Geo., vol. 4, Chazy Gr. [Sig. imma-
ture.]
indenta, Hall, 1847? Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,

Trenton Gr. [Sig. notched.]
inexspectans, Hall & Whitfield, 18 75,

Ohio Pal., vol. 1, Clinton Gr. [Sig.

not expected.]
inornata, Meek, 1872, Pal. E. Neb., Coal

Meas. [Sig. not adorned.]
insolita, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devonian

Foss., Ham. Gr. [Sig. rare.]
isaacsi, Hall, 1873, 23rd Reg. Rep., Che-
mung Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
itys, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devonian Foss.,

Ham. Gr. [Ety. mythological name.]
kearneyi, Hall, 1861, 12th Reg. Rep., Up,

Held. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
labrosa, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3, Low.

Held Gr. [Sig. having lips.]
lapicida, see Raphistoma lapicidum.
laurentina, Billings, 1859,Can. Nat. &Geo.,

vol. 4, Calcif. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
leavenworthana, Hall, 1858, Trans. Alb.

Inst., vol. 4, Warsaw Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
lenticularis, see Raphistoma lenticulare.
lineata, Hall, 1843, (Turbo lineatus) Geo.

Rep. 4th Dist. N. Y. This name was

preoccupied, and the fossil is now

called P. itys.
litorea, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2, Me-
dina sandstone. [Sig. on the shore.]
lucina, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep., Cornif.

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
lucina var. perfasciata, Hall, 1876, Illust.

Devonian Foss., Ham. Gr. [Sig.

much banded.]
lydia, Billings, 1874, Pal. Foss., vol. 2,

Devonian. [Ety. proper name.]
marcouana, Geinitz, 1866. Carb. und

Dyas in Neb., Coal Meas. [Ety.

proper name.]
meekana, Hall, 1858, Trans. Alb. Inst.,

vol. 4, Warsaw Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
micula, Hall, 1862, Geo. Rep. Wis., Hud.

Riv. Gr. [Sig. very small.]
miser, Billings, 1859, Can. Nat. & Geo.,

vol. 4, Calcif. Gr. [Sig. paltry.]
missisquoi, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol.

1, Quebec Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
missouriensis, Swallow, 1860, (Trochus

missouriensis) Trans. St. Louis Acad.

Sci., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
mitigata, Hall, 1860, 13th Reg. Rep., Ham.

Gr. [Sig. lessened.]

160

GASTEROPODA.

inuralis, Owen, 1852, Geo. Sur. Wis.,

Iowa & Minn., Calciferous Gr. [Sig.

mural.]
nasoni, Hall, 1861, Geo. Rep. Wis., Tren-
ton Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
niota, Hall, 1861, Geo. Rep. Wis., Trenton

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
nodomarginata, McChesney, 1860, Desc.

New Pal. Foss., Ham. Gr. [Sig. hav-
ing a nodose margin.]
nodulosa, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1.

The name was preoccupied by Sand-

berger in 1842, and by King in 1844.
nodulostriata, Hall, 1848, Trans. Alb. Inst.,

vol. 4, Warsaw Gr. [Sig. nodulose

and striated.]
normani, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Quebec Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
nucleolata, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,

Birdseye Gr. [Sig. like a little nut.]
numeria, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Quebec Gr. [Ety. mythological name.]
obsoleta, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,

Birdseye Gr. [Sig. obsolete.]
obtusispira, Shumard, 1859, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., Coal Meas. [Sig.

having a blunt spire.]
occidens, Hall, 1867, 20th Reg. Rep., Ni-
agara Gr. [Sig. western.]
parvispira, Winchell, 1862, Rep. Low.

Peninsula Mich., Ham. Gr. [Sig.

having a small spire.]
pauper, Billings, 1859, Can. Nat. & Geol.,

vol. 4, Chazy Gr. [Sig. poor.]
pauper. Hall, 1865, 20th Reg. Rep. The

name was preoccupied.
percarinata, see Cyclonema percarinatum
perhumerosa, Meek, 1872, Pal. E. Neb.,

Coal Meas. [Sig. very humid.]
perlata, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,

Guelph Gr. [Sig. very wide.]
perornata, Shumard, 1859, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., Coal Meas. [Sig.

highly ornamented.]
pervetusta, Conrad, 18 38, (Cyclostoma

pervetusta) Ann. Rep. N. Y., Medina

sandstone. [Sig. very ancient.]
piasaensis, Hall, 1858, Trans. Alb. Inst.,

vol. 4, Warsaw Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
planidorsalis, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devonian

Foss., Ham. Gr. [Sig. plane-backed.]
plena, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devonian Foss.,

Ham. Gr. [Sig. full, large.]
postumia, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol.

1, Quebec Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
poulsoni, Conrad, 1842, Jour. Acad. Nat.

Sci., vol. 8, Onondaga Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
pratteni, Meek & Worthen, 1860, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci., Low. Coal Meas.

[Ety. pi-oper name.]
princessa, Billings, 1874, Pal. Foss., vol.

2, Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. a princess.]
progne, Billings, 1860, Can. Nat. & Geol.,

vol. 5, Black Riv. & Trenton Gr. [Ety.
mythological name.]

proutana, Shumard, 1859, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper

name.]
quadricostata, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y. vol.

1, Birdseye Gr. [Sig. four-ribbed.]
quebecensis, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss.,

vol. 1, Quebec Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
quinquesulcata, Winchell, 1865, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci., Chemung Gr. [Sig.

five-furrowed.]
ramsayi, Billings, 1859, Can. Nat. & Geol.,

vol. 4, Calciferous Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
regulata, Hall, 1860, 13th Reg. Rep., Ham.

Gr. [Sig. regular.]
riddlei, Shumard, 1860, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper

name.]
rota, Winchell, 1863, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.,

Chemung Gr. [Sig. a wheel.]
rotalia, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep., Ham.

Gr. [Sig. wheeled.]
rotuloides, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,

Black Riv. and Trenton Gr. [Sig. like

a little wheel.]
rotunda, Hall, 1843, (Euomphalus (?) ro-

tundus) Geo. Rep. 4th Dist. N. Y.,

Corniferous Gr. [Sig. rounded.]
rotundata, Hall, 1858, Trans. Alb. Inst.,

vol. 4, Warsaw Gr. This name was

preoccupied by Munster.
rotundispira, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss.,

vol. 1, Quebec Gr. [Sig. having a

round spire.]
scitula, Meek & Worthen, 1860, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Low. Coal

Meas. [Sig. pretty, neat.]
selecta, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Quebec Gr. -[Sig. choice, select.]
semele, Hall, 1861, Geo. Rep. Wis., Hud.

Riv. Gr. [Ety. mythological name.]
shumardi, Meek & Worthen, 1860, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Keokuk Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
sigaretoides, Winchell & Marcy, 1865,

Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist, vol. 1, Niagara

Gr. [Sig. like a shell of the genus

Sigaretus. ]
sinistrorsa, Swallow, 1858, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., Coal Meas. [Sig. turned

to the left.]
solarioides, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,

Guelph Gr. [Sig. like a shell of the

genus Solarium.]
speciosa, Meek & Worthen, 1860, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Low. Coal Meas.

[Sig. beautiful.]
sphserulata, Conrad, 1842, Jour. Acad.

Nat. Sci., vol. 8, Coal Meas. [Sig.

a widened sphere.]
spironema, Meek & Worthen, 1866, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Coal Meas. [Sig.

spiral-lined.]
sponsa, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Quebec Gr. [Sig. betrothed.]
stella, Winchell, 1862, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci., Marshall Gr. [Sig. a star.]

GASTEROPODA.

161

subangulata, Hall, 1858, Trans. Alb. Inst.,
vol. 4, Warsaw Gr. [Sig. somewhat
angular.]

subconica, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,
Black Riv., Trenton & Hud. Riv. Gr.
[Sig. somewhat conical.]

subconstricta, Meek & Worthen, 1860,
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Low. Coal
Meas. [Sig. somewhat constricted.]

subdecussata, Geinitz, 1866, Carb. und
Dyas in Neb., Coal Meas. [Sig. some-
what arranged in pairs that ci'oss each
other.]

subdepressa, Hall, 1852, Pal. N.Y., vol. 2,
Coralline limestone. [Sig. somewhat

g

subscalaris, Meek & Worthen, 1860, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Low. Coal Meas.

[Sig. somewhat ladder-shaped.]
subsinuata, Meek & Worthen, 1860, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Coal Meas. [Sig.

somewhat sinuated.]
subtilistriata, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol.

1, Trenton Gr. [Sig. finely shaped.]
subturbinata, Meek & Hayden, 1872,

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Coal Meas.

[Sig. somewhat top-shaped.]
sulcomarginata, Conrad, 1842, Jour.Acad.

Nat. Sci., vol. 8, Ham. Gr. [Sig. hav-
ing the margin deeply furrowed.]
supracingulata, Billings", 1857, Rep. of

Progr., Trenton Gr. [Sig. encircled

with lines on the upper part.]
swallovana, Hall, 1858, Trans. Alb. Inst.,

vol. 4, Warsaw Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
sybillina, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foes.

Antic, Anticosti Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
tabulata, Conrad, 1835, (Turbo tabulata)

Trans. Geo. Soc. Penn., vol. 1, Coal

Meas. [Sig. tabulated.]
tectoria, Winchell, 1863, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci., Chemung Gr. [Sig. rough cast.]
tenuicincta, Meek & Worthen, 1860, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci., Coal Meas. [Sig.

finely girded.]
tenuistriata, Shumard, 1860, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., Coal Meas. [Sig.

finely striated.]
textiligera, Meek, 1871, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci., Waverly Gr. [Sig. web-bearing.]
thalia, Billings," 1857, Rep. of Progr., Mid.

Sil. [Ety. mythological name.]
trilineata, Hall, 1858, Trans. Alb. Inst.,

vol. 4, Warsaw Gr. [Sig. three-lined.]
trilix, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep. N. Y.,

Ham. Gr. [Sig. three-lined.]
trochiformis, Swallow, 1863,Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., Chester Gr. [Sig. like the

Trochus, or wheel-shell.] The name

was preoccupied by Portlock in 1843.
tropidophora, Meek, 1872, Am. Jour. Sci.

& Arts, 3rd series, vol. 4, Cin'ti Gr.

[Sig. keel-bearing.]
tumida, Meek & Worthen, 1860, (Platy-

stoma tumida) Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.,

Coal Meas. [Sig. tumid.] The name

was preoccupied by Phillips in 1836.

turbiniformis, Meek & Worthen, I860,

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Coal Meas. [Sig.

top-shaped.]
turgida, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,

Calciferous Gr. [Sig. swollen.]
umbilicata, see Trochonema umbilicatum.
unimkata, see Platvceras unisulcatum.
vadosa, Hall, 1860, "l3th Reg. Rep., N. Y.,

Ham. Gr. [Sig. shallow.]
vagans, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Quebec Gr. [Sig. dispersed.]
Valeria, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Guelph Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
valvatiformis, Meek & Worthen, 1866,

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Coal Meas.

[Sig. like the genus ValvataJ]
viola, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Guelph Gr. [Sig. a violet.]
virgo, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Quebec Gr. [Sig. a virgin.]
virguncula, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol.

1, Quebec Gr. [Sig. a little maid.]
vitruvia, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Black Riv. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
voltumna, Billings, 1874, Pal. Foss., vol.

2, Devonian. [Ety. mythological
name.]

whitii, Winchell, 1862, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci., Marshall Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
wortheni, Hall, 1856, Trans. Alb. Inst.,

vol. 4, Warsaw Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
Polyphemopsis, Portlock, 1843, Geol. Lon-
donderry. [Ety. Polyphe>7ius, a genus

of shells; opsis, appearance.]
bulimiformis, Hall, 1858, (Bulimella buli-

miformis) Trans. Alb. Inst., vol. 4,

Warsaw Gr. [Sig. like a Bulimus.]
canaliculata, Hall, 1858, (Bulimella canal-

iculata) Trans. Alb. Inst., vol. 4, War-
saw Gr. [Sig. channeled or grooved.]
chrysalis, Meek & Worthen, 1866, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil, Coal Meas. [Sig.

chrysalis.]
ehngata, Hall, 1858, (Bulimella elongata)

Trans. Alb. Inst., vol. 4, Warsaw Gr.

[Sig. lengthened.] The name was

preoccupied by Portlock in 1843.
inornata, Meek & Worthen, 1860, (Lox-

onema inornata) Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.

Phil., Up. Coal Meas. [Sig. not

adorned.]
louisvillffi, Hall, 1872, 24th Reg. Rep.,

Up. Held. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
nitidula, Meek & Worthen, 1860, (Lox-

onema nitidula) Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.

Phil, Up. Coal Meas. [Sig. quite

neat.]
peracuta, Meek & Worthen, 1860, (Euli-

ma (?) peracuta) Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.

Phil., Up. Coal Meas. [Sig. very

sharp-pointed.]
Poecellia, Leveille, 1835, Mem. Soc. Geol.

France. [Etv. porcellus, a little pig.]
hertzeri, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devonian

Foss., Up. Held. Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]

162

GASTEROPODA.

nais, Hall, 1862, (Gyroceras nais) 15th

Reg. Rep. N, Y., Chemung Gr. [Ety.

mythological name.]

nodosa, Hall, 1860, Supp. to vol. 1, pt. 2,

Iowa Geo. Sur., Kinderhook Gr. [Sig.

knotty.]
obliquinoda, White, 1862, Proc. Bost.

Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 9, Chemung Gr.

[Sig. oblique-knotted.]
rectinoda, Winchell, 1863, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci., Chemung Gr. [Sig. straight-

noded.]
(?) rotatoria, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devonian

Foss., Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. whorled.]
sciota, Hall, 1873, 23rd Reg. Rep. N. Y.,

Up. Held. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
senex, see Platyceras senex.
Pupa, Humphrey, 1797, Museum Calonni-

anum. [Ety. Pupa, chrysalis shell.]
vermilionensis, Bradley, 4872, Am. Jour.

Sci., 3rd series, vol. 4, Coal Meas.

[Ety. proper name.]
vetusta, Dawson, I860, Quar. Jour. Geo

Soc, vol. 16, Coal Meas. [Sig. ancient.]
Raphistoma~ Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y, vol. 1

[Ety. raplie, seam or suture ; stoma

mouth.]
apertum, Salter, 1859, Can. Org. Rem., De-
cade 1, Black Riv. & Trenton Gr.

[Sig. open.]
labiatum, Emmons, 1842, (Maclurea labi-

ata) Geo. Rep. N. Y., Calciferous Gr.

[Sig. having lips.]
lapicida, Salter, 1859, Can. Org. Rem.,

Decade 1, Black Riv. & Trenton Gr.

[Ety. from its resemblance to Helix

lapicida."]
lenticulare, Emmons, 1842, (Pleuroto

maria lenticularis) Geo. Rep. N. Y.,

Trenton & Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. lens-
shaped.]
planistria, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,

Chazy Gr. [Sig. having plane striae.]
planistria var. parvum, Hall, 1847, Pal.

N. Y., vol. 1, Chazy Gr. [Sig. small.]
stamineum, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,

Chazy Gr. [Sig. thready; having refer-
ence to the thread like striae on the

surface.]
striatum, Emmons,! 842, (Macluria striata)

Geo. Rep. N. Y, Chazy Gr. [Sig.

striated.]
subplanum, Shumard, 1863, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., Calciferous Gr. [Sig.

somewhat flat.]
Scalites, Conrad, 1842, Geo. Rep. N. Y. by

Emmons. [Ety. scala, a stair case.]
angulatus, Conrad, 1842, Geo. Rep. N. Y.

by Emmons, Chazy Gr. [Sig. an-

gular.]
Solarium, Lamarck, 1801, Syst. An. sans

Vert.
leai, one of Troost's catalogue names.
Soleniscus, Meek & Worthen, 1860, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. [Ety. soUniskos,

a little channel or gutter.]

hallanus, Geinitz, 1866, (Macrocheilus

hallanus) Carb. und Dyas in Neb.,

Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
typicus, Meek & Worthen, 1860, Proc,

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Up. Coal Meas.

[Ety. the type of the genus.]
Straparollina, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss.,

vol. 1. [Ety. from the resemblance

to shells of the genus Straparollus.']
asperostriata, Billings, 1860, (Straparol-

lus asperostriatus) Can. Nat. & Geol.,

vol. 5, Black Riv. Gr. [Sig. roughly

striated.]
circe, Billings, 1860, (Straparollus circe)

Can. Nat. & Geol., vol. 5, Black Riv.

Gr. [Ety. mythological name.]
eurydice, Billings, 1860, (Straparollus

eurydice) Can. Nat. & Geol., vol. 5,

Black Riv. Gr. [Ety. mythological

name.]
pelagica, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Quebec Gr. [Sig. belonging to the

deep sea.]
remota, Billings, 1874, Pal. Foss-., vol. 2,

Potsdam Gr. [Sig. remote, at a dis-
tance.]
Straparollus, Montfort, 1810, Conch. Syst.,

vol. 2. [Ety. strabos, turned about.]
angulatus, Emmons, 1856, Am. Geo.

Chazy Gr. [Sig. angular.]
asperostriatus, see Straparollina asperos-
triata.
barrisi, Winchell, 1863, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci. Phil., Chemung Gr. [Ety. proper

name.T,
canadensis, Billings, 1861, Can. Jour.,

Devonian. [Ety. proper name.]
circe, see Straparollina circe.
clymenioides, see Euomphalus clymehioi-

des.
cornudanus, Shumard, 1859, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., Coal Meas. [Ety.

proper name.]
daphne, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Guelph Gr. [Ety. mythological

name.]
eurydice, see Straparollina eurydice.
hippolyte, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss.,vol. 1,

Guelph Gr. [Ety. mythological name.]
labiatus, Emmons, 1856, Am. Geo., Chazy

Gr. [Sig. lipped.]
lens, Hall, 1860, (Euomphalus lens) 13th

Reg. Rep., Kinderhook Gr. [Sig. lens-
shaped.]
macromphalus, Winchell, 1863, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Chemung Gr.

[Sig. having a large umbilicus.]
magnificus, Shumard, 1863, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., Carboniferous. [Sig.

magnificent.]
minnesotensis, Owen, 1852, Geo. Sur.

Wis., Iowa and Minn., Calcif. Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
mopsus, Hall, 1867, 20th Reg. Rep., Ni-
agara Gr. [Ety. mythological name.]
niagarensis, Hall & Whitfield, 1875, Ohio

Pal., vol. 2, Niagara Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]

GASTEROPODA.

163

pernodosus, Meek & Worth en, 1870, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Coal Meas. [Sig.

very nodose.]
planidorsatus, Meek & Worthen, 1860,

(Euomphalus planidorsatus) Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Chester Gr. [Sig.

flat-hacked.]
planispira, Hall, 1858, (Euomphalus

planispira) Trans. Alb. Inst., vol. 4,

Warsaw Gr. [Sig. having a flat spire.]
primordialis, Winchell, 1864, Am. Jour.

Sci. & Arts, 2nd series, vol. 37, Pots-
dam Gr. [Sig. first in order.]
quadrivolvis, Hall, 1858, (Euomphalus

quadrivolvis) Trans. Alb. Inst., vol. 4,

Warsaw Gr. [Sig. having four volu-
tions.]
similis, Meek & Worthen, 1861, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., St. Louis Gr.

[Sig. similar.]
similis var. planus, Meek & Worthen,

1861, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., St.

Louis Gr. [Sig. level, flat.]
spergenensis, Hall, 1858, (Euomphalus

spergenensis) Trans. Alb. Inst., vol.

4, AVarsaw Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
spergenensis var. planorbiformis, Hall,

1858, (Euomphalus spergenensis var.

planorbiformis) Trans. Alb. Inst., vol.

4, Warsaw Gr. [Sig. like a shell of

the genus Planorbis.
subquadratus, Meek & Worthen, 1870,

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Coal Meas. [Sig.

somewhat squared.]
subrugosus, Meek & Worthen, 1873, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 5, Coal Meas. [Sig.

somewhat rugose.] Proposed instead

of Euomphalus rugosus of Hall, which

was preoccupied,
umbilicatus, Meek & Worthen, 1860, (Eu-
omphalus umbilicatus) Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci. Phil., Coal Meas. [Ety.

from the large umbilicus.]
valvatiformis, Shumard, 1863, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., Calciferous Gr. [Sig.

like the genus Valvata.]
whitneyi, Meek, 1864, Pal. California,

Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
Streptaxis, Gray, 1837, in Mag. Nat. Hist.,

[Ety. stroptes, twisted ; axis, axis.]
whitfieldi, Meek, 1871, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci. Phil., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper

name.]
Strophostylus, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3.

[Ety. strophe, turning round ; stylos,

column.]
andrewsi, Hall, 1859, Pa*. N. Y., vol. 3,

Oriskany sandstone. [Ety. proper

name.]
cancellatus, Meek & Worthen, 1868, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 3, Oriskanv sandstone.

[Sig. latticed.]
cyclostomus, Hall, 1863, Trans. Alb. Inst.,

vol. 4, Niagara Gr. [Sig. circular-
mouthed.]
depressus, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. depressed.]

elegans, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. elegant,]
expansus, Conrad, 1841, (Platyceras ex-

pansus) Ann. Rep. N. Y., Oriskany

sandstone. [Sig. spread out,]
fitchi, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3, Low.

Held. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
globosus, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. globular.]
matheri, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Oriskany sandstone. [Ety. proper

name.]
obliquus, Nicholson, 1874, Rep. Pal. Ont.,

Devonian. [Sig. oblique.]
obtusus, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. obtuse.]
Novatus, Nicholson, 1874, Rep. Pal. Ont.,

Devonian. [Sig. egg-shaped.]
rotundatus, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. rounded.]
subglobosus, Nicholson, 1874, Rep. Pal.

Ont., Devonian. [Sig. somewhat

globose.]
transversus, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Oriskany sandstone. [Sig. crosswise.]
unicus, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep., Scho-
harie grit. [Sig. single, alone.]
varians, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devonian

Foss., Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. variable.]
Stylifer, Broderip, 1829, in Sowerby, Gen.

Shells.
primigenia,see Macrocheilus primigenium.
Subulites, Conrad, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1.

[Ety. subulites, awl-shaped — subulate.]
abbreviatus, Hall, 1850, 3rd Reg. Rep.,

Trenton Gr. [Sig. shortened.]
brevis, Winchell & Marcy, 1865, Mem.

Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., Niagara Gr.

[Sig. short.]
calciferus, Billings, 1859, Can. Nat. & Geo.,

vol. 4, Calciferous Gr. [Ety. from

the Group.]
daphne, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Quebec Gr. [Ety. mythological name.]
elongatus, Emmons, 1842, Geo. Rep. N.

Y., Trenton Gr. [Sig. lengthened.]
inflatus, Meek & Worthen, 1869, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Cin'ti Gr. [Sig.

inflated, swollen.]
notatus, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.

Antic, Anticosti Gr. [Sig. marked.]
parvulus, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Black Riv. Gr. [Sig. very small.]
psyche, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Quebec Gr. [Ety. mythological name.]
richardsoni, Billings, 1857, Rep. of Progr.,

Hud. Riv. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
terebriformis, Hall & Whitfield, 1875,

Ohio Pal., vol. 2, Niagara Gr. [Sig.

auger-shaped.]
ventricosus, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,

Niagara and Guelph Gr. [Sig. bulg-
ing out.]
Trachydomia, Meek & Worthen, 1866, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 2. [Ety. trachys, rough ;

doma, a house.]

164

GASTEROPODA.

hollidayi, Meek & Worthen, 1860, (Nati-

copsis hollidayi) Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.

Phil., Low. Coal Meas. [Ety. proper

name.]
nodosum, Meek & Worthen, 1860, (Nati-

copsis nodosa) Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.

Phil., Low. Coal Meas. [Ety. from

the nodes on the surface.]
Tbkmanotus, Hall, 1868, 20th Reg. Rep.

[Ety. trema, a hole ; notus, the back.]
alpheus, Hall, 1864, 18th Reg. Rep., Niag-
ara Gr. [Ety. mythological name.]
trigonostoma, Hall & Whitfield, 1875,Ohio

Pal., vol. 2, Niagara Gr. [Sig. triangu-
lar-mouthed.]
Tbochita, Schumacher, 1817, Essai N. Syst.

[Ety. trochus, a wheel.]
antiqua, see Xenophora antiqua.
carbonaria, Meek, 1866, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci., Coal Meas. [Sig. pertaining to

coal.]
Tbochonema, Salter, 1859, Can. Org. Rem.,

Decade 1. [Ety. troches, a wheel ; nema,

a thread.]
emaceratum, Hall, 1872, 24th Reg. Rep.,

Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. thin, lean.]
fatua, Hall, 1867, 20th Reg. Rep., Niagara

Gr. [Ety. mythological name.]
pauper, Hall, 1867, 20th Reg. Rep., Niag-
ara Gr. [Sig. paltry, poor.]
pauper var. ohioense, Hall & Whitfield,

1875, Ohio Pal., vol. 2, Niagara Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
rectilatera, Hall, 1872, 24th Reg. Rep.,

Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. straight-sided.]
tricarinatum, Billings, 1859, Can. Nat. &

Geo., vol. 4, Calciferous Gr. [Sig.

three-keeled.]
tricarinata, Meek, 1871, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci. Phil., Corniferous Gr. The name

was preoccupied,
umbilicatum, Hall, 1847, (Pleurotomaria

umbilicata) Pal. N. Y., vol. 1, Chazy

to Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. navel-shaped.]

yandellanum, Hall, 1872, 24th Reg. Rep.,

Up. Held. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Trochus, Adanson, 1757, Voy. Senegal. [Ety.

trochus, a hoop.]
mwourienm, see Pleurotomaria missouri-

ensis.
Turbo, Klein, 1753, Tent. Meth. Ostr. [Ety.

turbo, a top.]
bicarinatus, Troost, 1840. Not defined.
dUumla, see Holopea dilucula.
guadalupensis, Shumard, 1859, Trans.

St. Louis Acad. Sci., Permian Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
limatus, see Pleurotomaria lineata.
obesus, Shumard, 1858, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., Up. Coal Meas. [Sig.

plump in form.]
(?) obscura, see Holopea obscura.
tabulate, see Pleurotomaria tabulata.
tennesseerum, see Cyclonema tennesseense.
texanus, Shumard, 1859, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper

name.]
TurbonUla, Leach, 1826, Risso Eur. Merid. 4.

[Ety. diminutive of Turbo, a genus of

shells.]
swaltovana, see Aclis swallovana.
Tubritella, Lainarck, 1801, Syst. An. sans

Vert. [Ety. turriiella, a little tower.]
stevenana, Meek & Worthen, 1866, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 2, Up. Coal Meas. [Ety.

proper name.]
Xenophoba, Fischer, 1806, Museum Demi-

dovianum. [Ety. xenos, a log or body ;

phoros, bearing.]
antiqua, Meek, 1871, (Trochita antiqua)

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Cornifer-
ous Gr. [Sig. ancient.]
Zonites, Montfort, 1810, Conch. Syst. [Ety.

zone, a belt.]
priscus, Carpenter, 1867, Quar. Jour.Geo.

Soc, vol. 23, Coal Meas. [Sig. ancient.]

CLASS CEPHALOPODA.

FAMILY ASCOCERATID.E — Ascoceras, Conoceras, Glossoceras.

FAMILY CERIOLIDjE.— Beatrkea.

FAMILY CYRTOCERATID.E.— Cyrtoceras, Cyrtocerina, Oncoceras.

FAMILY GOMPHOCER A.TID,E.-^Gomphoceras.

FAMILY GONIATITID,E.— Goniatites.

FAMILY GYROCERATID.E.— Gyroceras.

FAMILY NAUTILID.E.— Discites, Lituites, (?) Nautilus, Pteronautilus, Solenocheilus,

Temnocheilus, Trematodiscus, Trocholites. (?)
FAMILY ORTHOCERATID^E.— Actinoceras, Cameroceras, Colpoceras, Diploceras,

Endoceras, Gonioceras, Huronia, Orruoceras, Orthoceras, Piloceras.
FAMILY PHRAGMOCERATID.E.— Phragmoceras, Streptoceras.
FAMILY TROCHOCERATID.E.— Trochoceras.
INCERTJE SEDIS.— Discosorus, Seerichnites.

Actinoceras, Bronn, 1837, Lethaea Geognos-

tica. [Ety. aktin, a ray; keras, a horn.]
bigsbyi, Stokes, 1840, Trans. Geo. Soe.,

2nd series, vol. 5, Chazy Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
inops, Dawson, 1868, Acad. Geol., Carb.

[Ety. meagre.]
lyoni, Stokes, 1840, Trans. Geol. Soc, vol.

5, Black Riv. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
richardsoni, Stokes, 1840, Trans. Geol.

Soc., 2nd series, vol. 5, Silurian. [Ety.

proper name.]
simmsi, Stokes, 1840, Trans. Geo. Soc,

2nd series, vol. 5, Sil. [Ety. proper

name.]
Ascoceras, Barrande, 1848, Haidinger's Ber-

ichte. [Ety. askos, a leather bottle;

keras, horn.]
anticostiense, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil.

Foss. Antic, Anticosti Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
canadense, Billings, 1857, Rep. of Progr.,

Hud. Riv. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
newberryi, Billings. 1862, Pal. Foss., vol.

1, Hud. Riv. & Anticosti Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
Beatricea, Billings, 1857, Rep. of Progr.

[Ety. proper name.] This genus is

supposedly Hyatt, (Am. Jour. Sci. &

Arts, 1865)* to belong to the class

Cephalopoda, and he proposed a new

order for the genus, to wit: Cerioliles,

from kerkm, a honey comb; lithos, a

stone, and a new family Ceriolidx.
nodulosa, Billings, 1857, Rep. of Progr.,

Hud. Riv. & Mid. Sil. [Sig. having

small knots.]

undulata, Billings, 1857, Rep. of Progr.,
Mid. Sil. [Sig. wavy.]
Cameroceras, Conrad, 1842, Jour. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phil., vol. 8. [Ety. kamara, a
chamber; keras, horn.]
trentonense, Conrad, 1842, Jour. Acad.
Nat. Sci. Phil., vol. 8, Trenton Gr.
[Ety. proper name.]
Colpoceras, Hall, 1850, 3rd Reg. Rep. N.Y.
[Ety. kolpos, a furrow; keras, horn.]
virgatum, Hall, 1850, 3rd Reg. Rep.
N. Y., Birdseye and Black Riv. Gr.
[Sig. wand-like.]
Clymenia, Munster, 1832. [Ety. mythologi-
cal name.]
complanata, see Goniatites complanatus.
erato, see Goniatites erato.
Comities, Schlotheim, 1820, Petrefactenkunde,
etc. [Ety. konos, a cone ; lithos, stone.]
capricornulm, Troost, 1840, 5th Geo. Rep.
Tenn. Not satisfactorily denned.
Conoceras, Bronn, 1835, Leth. Geogn.
[Ety. konos, a cone ; keras, horn.]
angulosum, Bronn, 1834, Leth. Geogn.,
Black Riv. Gr. [Sig. full of corners.]
Conotubvlaria, Troost, syn. for Orthoceras.
brongniarli, see Orthoceras brongniarti.
cuvieri, see Orthoceras cuvieri.
defrancii, see Orthoceras defrancii.
goldfussi, see Orthoceras goldfussi.
Convlites, Cozzens, 1848. Not satisfactorily
defined.
angulosum, Cozzens, 1848. Not satisfac-
torily defined. It may be a plant.

166

CEPHALOPODA.

Cryptoceras, D'Orbigny, 1850. [Ety. kryptos,
concealed; kerns, horn.] This name
was preoccupied by Latreille for a
genus of insects, and had been previ-
ously used by Barrande for a genus
ot Cephalopods.

capax, see Solenocheilus capax.
Cybtocekas, Goldfuss, 1832, in De la Beche's
Handbuch der Geognosie bearbeitet
von v. Deschen. [Ety. kurtos, curved ;
keras, horn.]

absens, Hall, 1876, Must. Devonian Foss.,
Schoharie grit. [Sig. absent, distant.]

alethes, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., Quebec
Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

amplicorne, Hall, 1867, 20th Reg. Rep.,
Niagara Gr. [Sig. a large horn.]

annulatum, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol.

1, Black Riv. & Trenton Gr. [Sig.
ringed.] This name was preoccupied
by Goldfuss in 1832.

arcticameratum, Hall, 1852, Pal. X.Y.,vol.

2, Guelph Gr. [Sig. close-chambered.]
arcuatum, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,

Trenton Gr. [Sig. bent ; in allusion

to the arched chambers.] The name

was preoccupied by Steininger in 1830,

see D'Archiac & Verneuil, Memoir on

Pal. Foss., 1842.
aristides, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., Quebec

Gr. [Ety. mythological name.]
beta, Hall, 1862, (Gomphoceras beta) 15th

Reg. Rep., Schoharie grit. [Sig. a

Greek letter.]
billingsi, Salter, 1859, Can. Org. Rem.,

Decade 1, Chazy or Black Riv. Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
bondi, Safford, 1869, Geo. of Tenn., Nash-
ville Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
brevicorne, Hall, 1867, 20th Reg. Rep.,

Niagara Gr. [Sig. short-horned.]
camurum, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,

Trenton Gr. [Sig. crooked.]
cancellatum, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,

Niagara Gr. [Sig. cancellated.] The

name was preoccupied by Roemer in

1844.
carrollense, Worthen, 1875, Geo. Sur. 111.

vol. 6, Galena Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
clavatum, Hall, 1876, Must. Devonian

Foss., Schoharie grit. [Sig. club-
shaped.]
clitus, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.

Antic, Niagara Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
conicum, Owen, 1840, Rep. on Min. Lands,

Up. Magnesian Gr. [Sig. conical,

tapering to a point.]
conradi, Hall, 1860, (Gomphoceras con-

radi) 13th Reg. Rep., Ham. Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
constrictostriatum, Hall, 1847, Pal. N.Y.,

vol. 1, Trenton Gr. [Sig. constricted

and striated.]

corniculum, Hall, 1862, Geo. Rep. Wis.,
Trenton Gr. [Sig. a little horn.] The
name was preoccupied by Barrande in
1848, and again by Eichwald in 1860.

corydon, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.
Antic, Niagara Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]

curtum, Meek & Worthen, 1860, Proc
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Up. Coal Meas.
[Sig. short.] Was this name preoccu-
pied by Eichwald ?

dardanus," Hall, 1861, Rep. of Progr. Geo.
Sur. of Wis., Niagara Gr. [Ety. my-
thological name.]

dictys, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., Quebec
Gr. [Ety. mythological name.]

dictyum, White, 1876, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci., Devonian. [Sig. a net.]

dilatatum, Meek & Worthen, 1860, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Up. Coal Meas.
[Sig. widened, spread out.]

dorsatum, Swallow, 1858, Trans. St. Louis
Acad. Sci., Permian Gr. [Sig. high-
backed.]

eugenium, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep.,
Schoharie grit. [Ety. proper name.]

eugium, Hall, 1861, Rep. of Progr. Wis.,
Chazy & Black Riv. Gr. [Sig. fertile.]

exiguum, Billings, 1860, Can. Nat. & Geo.,
vol. 5, Trenton Gr. [Sig. little, small.]

falx, Billings, 1857, Rep. of Progr., Black
Riv. & Trenton Gr. [Sig. a sickle.]

filosum, Emmons, 1842, Nat. Hist. N. Y.,
vol. 4, Trenton Gr. [Sig. covered with
thread-like markings.]

fosteri, Hall, 1861, Rep. of Progr. Geo.
Sur. Wis., Niagara Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]

fragile, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.
Antic, Anticosti Gr. [Sig. frail, easily
broken. ]

gibbosum, Hall, 1876, Must. Devonian
Foss., Ham. Gr. [Sig. gibbous.]

giganteum, McChesney, Jan. 1860, New
Pal. Foss., Niagara Gr. In 1861
McChesney referred this species to
the genus Lituites, and proposed for it
the name Lituites cancellatux. Prof.
Hall, in the meantime, described it
as Lituites occiderdalls. It is now re-
ferred to the genus Nautilus, and as
both the earlier names were preoccu-
pied, McChesney's name cancellatus
has precedence.

hercules, Winchell & Marcy, 1865, (Lit-
uites hercules) Mem. Bost. Soc Nat.
Hist., Niagara Gr. [Ety. mythological
name.]

hertzeri, Hall & Whitfield, 1875, Ohio
Pal., vol. 2, Niagara Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]

huronense, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss.,
Black Riv. or Trenton Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]

isidorus, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., Black
Riv. or Trenton Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]

CEPHALOPODA.

187

jaws, see Streptoceras jarlus.

jason, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep., Scho-
harie grit. [Ety. mythological name.]

juvenalis, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., Tren-
ton Gr. [Etv. proper name.]

lamellomm, Hall* 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,
Trenton Gr. [Sig. having many thin
plates.] The name was preoccupied
by D'Archiac & Yerneuil in 1842.

laterale, Hall, 1867, 20th Reg. Rep., Ni-
agara Gr. [Sig. lateral.]

ligarius, Billings, 1875, Pal. Foss., Hud.
Riv. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

liratum, Hall, 1862,15th Reg. Rep., Ham.
Gr. [Sig. furrowed.]

loculosum, Hall, 1861, Rep. of Prog. Wis.,
Trenton Gr. [Sig. partitioned.]

lucillus, Hall, 1867, 20th Reg. Rep., Niag-
ara Gr. [Etv. proper name.]

lysander, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., Hud.
Riv. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

macrostomum, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol.
1, Black Riv. and Trenton Gr. [Sig.
long-mouthed.]

magister, S. A. Miller, 1875, Cin. Quar.
Jour, of Sci., vol. 2, Gin'ti Gr. [Sig.
the chief.]

marginale, Conrad, 1843, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. [Sig. bordered.] The name was
preoccupied by Phillips in 1841.

massiense, Saftbrd, 1869, Geo. of Tenn.,
Nashville Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

matheri, see Gyroceras matheri.

maccoyi, Billings, 1859, Can. Nat. & Geo.,
vol." 4, Chazy Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

maximum, see Nautilus maximus.

mercurius, see Cyrtocerina mercurius.

metellus, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., Que-
bec Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

metula, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep., Up.
Held. Gr. [Sig. a little obelisk.]

missisquoi, Billings, 18 65, Pal. Foss.,
(Orthoceras missisquoi) Quebec Gr.
[Etv. proper name.]

morsum, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep., Up.
Held. Gr. [Sig. bitten off.]

multicameratum, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y.,
vol. 1, Black Riv. & Trenton Gr. [Sig.
many-chambered.]

niyrice,Hall & Whitfield, 1875, Ohio Pal.,
vol. 2, Niagara Gr. [Ety. mythologi-
cal name.]

neleus, Hall, 1861, Rep. of Progr. Wis.,
Chazy & Black Riv. Gr. [Ety. my-
thological name.]

obscumm, S. A. Miller, changed to magister
because obscumm was preoccupied.

ohioense, Meek, 1871, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phil., Corniferous Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]

orcas, Hall, 1861, Rep. of Progr. Geo. Sur.
Wis., Niagara Gr. Subsequently re-
ferred by Hall to the genus Oncoceras,
see 20th Reg. Rep.

orestes, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., Niagara
Gr. [Ety. mythological name.]

orion, Hall, 1876, Ulust. Devonian Fobs.,

Schoharie grit, [Ety. mythological

name.] This name was preoccupied

by Barrande.
orodes, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., Guelph

Gr. [Ety. mythological name.]
postumius, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., Hud.

Riv. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
pusillum, Hall, 1867, 20th Reg. Rep., Ni-
agara Gr. [Sig. very small.]
regulare, Billings, 1857, Rep. of Progr.

Black Riv. and Trenton Gr. [Sig.

regular.]
rigidum, Hall, 1867, 20th Reg. Rep., Ni-
agara Gr. [Sig. rigid.]
rockfordense, Winchell, 1865, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci., Kinderhook (?) Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
sacculus, Meek & Worthen, 1866, (Gom-

phoceras sacculum) Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci. Phil., Ham. Gr. [Sig. a little sack.]
sepfora, Hall, see Gomphoceras septore.
simplex, Billings, 1857, Rep. of Progr.,

Black Riv. &Trenton Gr. [Sig. simple.]
sinuatum, Billings, 1857, Rep. of Progr.,

Black Riv. Gr. [Sig. marked with

depressions.]
gpinosum, see Gyroceras spinosum.
stonense, Safford, 1869, Geo. of Tenn.,

Trenton Gr. [Etv. proper name.]
subrectum, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol.

3, Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. somewhat

straight,]
subturbinatum, Billings, 1857, Rep. of

Progr., Chazy & Black Riv. Gr. [Sig.

somewhat top-shaped.]
surgens, Barrande, 1869, Syst. Sil. de

Boh., 4me serie, Quebec Gr. [Sig.

rising.]
syphax, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., Quebec

Gr. [Ety. mythological name.]
tesselatum, de Koninck. Not American.
transversum, see Gyroceras transversuin.
trentonense, Emmons, 1842, (Orthoceras

trentonensis) Geo. Rep. N.Y., Trenton

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
trivohig, see Gyroceras trivolve.
typicum, see Cyrtocerina typica.
undulatum, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devonian

Foss., Schoharie grit. [Sig. wavy.]
undulatum, Vanuxem, see Gyroceras un-
dulatum.
unicorne, Winchell, 1863, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci., Chemung Gr. [Sig. one-
horned.]
vallandighami, S. A. Miller, 1874, Cin.

Quar. Jour. Sci., Cin'ti Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
ventricosum, S. A. Miller, 1875, Cin.

Quar. Jour. Sci., vol. 2, Cin'ti Gr.

[Sig. bulging out; rapidly enlarging.]
whitnevi, Hall, 1861, Rep. of Progr. Wis.,

Hud. Riv. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Cyrtocerina, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss. [Ety.

from the termination inus, signifying

resemblace to Cyrtoceras.]
mercurius, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., Que-
bec Gr. [Ety. mythological name.]

CEPHALOPODA.

typica, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., Black

Riv. Gr. [Sig. type of the genus.]
Diplockras, Conrad, 1842, Jour. Acad. Nat.

Sci., vol. 8. [Ety. diploos, double;

keras, horn.]
vanuxemi, Conrad, 1842, Jour. Acad.

Nat. Sci., vol. 8, Trenton Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
Discites, DeHaan, 1825, Mongr. Amnion.,

etc. [Ety. diskos, a quoit.]
disciformis, Meek & Worthen, 1865, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Keokuk Gr.

[Sig. in the shape of a quoit.]
highlandensis, Worthen, 1875, Geo. Sur.

111., vol. 6, Coal Meas. [Ety. proper

name.]
ornatus, syn. for Nautilus marcellensis.
tuberculatus, Owen, 1852, Geo. Sur. Wis.,

Iowa and Minn., Low. Carb. [Sig.

covered with tubercles.]
Discosorus, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. ¥., vol. 2.

[Ety. diskos, a quoit; sows, a heap or

pile.]
conoideus, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,

Clinton & Niagara Gr. [Sig. conical.]
Endoceras, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1.

[Ety. eridos, within; keras, horn.]

This genus seems to be founded upon

the same fossils that Conrad previ-
ously founded his genus Diploceras

upon,
angusticameratum, Hall, 1847, Pal. N.Y.,

vol. 1, Trenton Gr. [Sig. narrow-
chambered.]
annulatum, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol.

1, Trenton Gr. [Sig. ringed.]
approximatum, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y.,

vol. 1, Trenton Gr. [Sig. approximat-
ing-]
arctiventrum, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol.

1, Trenton Gr. [Ety. arctus, close;

venter, a cavity.]
atlanticum, Barrande, 1869, Syst. Sil. de

Boh., 2d ser., 4me, Quebec Gr. [Sig.

Atlantic]
distans, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,

Trenton Gr. [Sig. distant.]
duplicatum, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol.

1, Trenton Gr. [Sig. doubled.]
gemelliparum, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol.

1, Black Riv. Gr. [Sig. twins, in allu-
sion to the two embryo-tubes enclosed

within the siphuncle.]
insulare, Barrande, 1869, Syst. Sil. de

Boh., 2d ser., 4me, Quebec Gr. [Sig.

belonging to an island.]
lativentrum, Hall, 1850, 3rd Reg. Rep.

N. Y., Trenton Gr. [Ety. lotus, broad ;

venter, cavity.]
longissimum, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol.

1, Black Riv. & Trenton Gr. [Sig.

of unusual length.]
magniventrum, Hall, 1847, Pal. <S. Y.,

vol. 1, Trenton Gr. [Ety. magnus,

large ; venter, cavity.]
marcoui, Barrande, 1869, Syst. Sil. de

Boh., 2d ser., 4me, Quebec Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]

multitubulatum, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y.,

vol. 1, Black Riv. & Trenton Gr. [Sig.

having manv pipes.]
proteiforme, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol.

1, Hud. Riv. and Trenton Gr. [Sig.

having many shapes.]
proteiforme var. elongatum, Hall, 1847,

Pal. N. Y., vol. 1, Trenton Gr. [Sig.

lengthened.]
proteiforme var. lineolatum, Hall, 1847,

Pal. N. Y., vol. 1, Trenton Gr. [Sig.

marked with fine lines.]
proteiforme var. strangulatum, Hall, 1847,

Pal. N. Y., vol. 1, Trenton Gr. [Sig.

constricted.]
proteiforme var. tenuistriatum, Hall, 1847,

Pal. N. Y., vol. 1, Trenton Gr. [Sig.

fine-lined.]
proteiforme var. tenuitextum, Hall, 1847,

Pal. N. Y., vol. 1, Trenton Gr. [Sig.

finely woven.]
rapax, Billings, 1860, (Orthoceras rapax)

Can. Nat. & Geol., vol. 5, Black Riv.

Gr. [Sig. ravenous.]
rottermundi, Barrande, 1866, (Orthoceras

rottermundi) S3'st. Sil. de Boh., 2d

ser., 2me, Trenton Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
subcentrale, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,

Black Riv. Gr. [Sig. nearly central.]
Endolobus, Meek & Worthen, 18 65, Proc.

Acad. Nat, Sci. Phil. [Ety. endos,

within; lobos, a lobe.] Prof. Meek

said later that this genus is not distinct

from TemnocJieilus, and if distinct it

would probably be a synonym for

Montfort's genus Bisiphites.
peramplus, see Temnocheilus peramplum.
spectabUis, see Temnocheilus spectabile.
Glossoceras, Barrande, 1865, Cephalopoda

of Bohemia, vol. 2. [Ety. glosse, the

tongue ; keras, a horn.]
desideratum, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil.

Foss. Antic, Clinton Gr. [Sig. rare.]
Gomphoceras, Sowerby, 1839, Murch. Sil.

Syst. [Ety. gomplios, a club ; keras, a

horn.]
beta, see Cyrtoceras beta.
conradi, see Cyrtoceras conradi.
eos, Hall & Whitfield. 1875, Ohio Pal.,

vol. 2, Cin'ti Gr. [Sig. the dawn.]
eximium, Hall, 1861, 14th Reg. Rep., Up.

Held. Gr. [Sig. choice, unparalleled.]
fischeri, Hall, 1860, 13th Reg. Rep., Ham.

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
marcyse, Winchell & Marcy, 1865, Mem.

Bost. Soc Nat. Hist., Niagara Gr.

Syn. for G. scrinium.
obesum, Billings, 1857, Rep. of Progr.,

Utica Gr. [Sig. plump in form.]
omicron, Winchell, 1866, Rep. Low. Pen-
insula Mich., Ham. Gr. [Ety. a letter

of the Greek alphabet.]
oviforme, Hall, 1860, 13th Reg. Rep.

N. Y., Ham. Gr. [Sig. egg-shaped.]
saccidum, see Cvrtoceras sacculum.
scrinium, Hall, 1864, 20th, Reg. Rep.

N. Y., Niagara Gr. [Sig. a casket.]

CEPHALOPODA.

septore, Hall, 1867, 20th Peg. Rep., Ni-
agara Gr. [Ety. septern, seven ; os-oris,
a mouth.]
subgracile, Billings, 1857, Rep. of Progr.,

Up. Sil. [Sig. somewhat slender.]
turbiniforme, Meek & AVorthen, 1866,
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Ham. Gr.
[Sig. formed like a top.]
Goniatites, DeHaan, 1825, Monogr. Am-
monites et Goniatites. [Ety. gcmia,
an angle : lithos, stone.] This name, it
seems, should be spelled Gonialites.
allei, Winchell, 1862, Am. Jour. Sci., 2nd
series, vol. 33, Marshall Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]
bicostatus, Hall, 1843, Geo. Rep. 4th
Dist. N. Y., Portage Gr. [Sig. double-
ribbed.]
chemungensis, Vanuxem, 1843, Geo.
Rep. 3rd Dist. N. Y., Chemung Gr.
[Ety. proper name.]
chemungensis car. jequicostatus, Hall,
1875, 27th Reg. Rep. N. Y., Chemung
Gr. [Sig. equal-ribbed.]
. choctawensis, Shumard, 1863, Trans. St.
Louis Acad. Sci., Coal Meas. [Ety.
proper name.]
compactus, Meek & Worthen, 1875, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Coal Meas. [Sig.
compact.]
complanatus, Hall, 1843, (Clymenia (?)
complanatus) Geo. Rep. 4th Dist, N.
Y., Chemung Gr. [Sig. smoothed.]
complanatus var. perlatus, Hall, 1875,
27th Reg. Rep. N. Y., Chemung Gr.
[Sig. very wide.]
discoideus, *Hall, 1860, 13th Reg. Rep.

N.Y.,Ham. Gr. [Sig. disc-like.]
discoideus var. ohioensis, Hall, 1874,
27th Reg. Rep. N. Y., Up. Held. Gr.
[Ety. proper name.]
entogonus, Gabb, 1861, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci., Carboniferous. [Sig. angular
within.]
erato, Hall, 1862, (Clymenia erato) 15th
Reg. Rep., Ham. Gr. [Ety. mytho-
logical name.]
expansus, Vanuxem, 1842, Geo. Rep.
3rd Dist. N. Y., Marcellus shale. [Sig.
expanded.]
globulosus, Meek & AVorthen, 1860, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Up. Coal Meas.
[Sig. like a small ball.]
hathawayanus, McChesney, 1860, Desc.
New Pal. Foss., Coal Meas. [Ety.
proper name.]
holmesi, Swallow, 1860, Trans. St. Louis
Acad. Sci., Chemung Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]
houghtoni, Winchell, 1862, Am. Jour.
Sci., 2d ser.,vol. 33, Marshall Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]
hyas, Hall, Dec, 1860, 13th Reg. Rep.,
Low. Carb. [Ety. mythological name.]
. iowensis, Meek & Worthen, 1860, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Coal Meas.
[Ety. proper name.]

ixion, Hall, 1860, 13th Reg. Rep., Ham.
Gr. This species is founded on the
form which has been identified with
the European species O. rotatoriim.
[Ety. mythological name.]
lyoni, Meek & Worthen, 1860, Proc
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Kinderhook (?)
Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
marcellenm, see Nautilus marcellensis.
marshallensis, Winchell, 1862, Am Jour
Sci., 2d ser., vol. 33, Marshall Gr.'
[Ety. proper name.]
minimus, Shumard, 1858, Trans. St. Louis
Acad. Sci., Coal Meas. [Sig. very
small.]
mithrax, Hall, 1860, 13th Reg. Rep. N.Y.,
Up. Held. Gr. [Ety. mithrax, a preci-
ous stone.]
morganensis, Swallow, 1860, Trans. St.
Louis Acad. Sci., Chouteau or Che-
mung Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
nolinensis, Cox, 1857, Geo. Sur. Ky.
vol. 3, Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name 1
nundaia, Hall, 1875, 27th Reg. Rep. N.
Y., Portage Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
orbicella, Hall, 1860, 13th Reg. Rep.
N. Y., Ham. Gr. [Sig. a little circle.]
osagensis, Swallow, 1860, Trans. St. Louis
Acad. Sci., Chemung Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]
oweni, Hall, 1860, 13th Reg. Rep. N. Y.,

Ham. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
oweni var. parallelus, Hall, 1860, 13th
Reg. Rep., Ham. Gr. [Sig. parallel.]
parvus, Shumard, 1858, Trans. St. Louis
Acad. Sci., Coal Meas. [Sig. small ]
patersoni, Hall, 1860, 13th Reg. Rep. N.
Y, Portage Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
peracutus, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devonian
Foss., Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. very acute.]
planorbiformis, Shumard, 1855, Geo. Sur.
Mo., Coal Meas. [Sig. like a shell of
the genus Planvrbis.]
politus, Shumard, 1858, Trans. St. Louis
Acad. Sci., Coal Meas. [Sig. smoothed.]
propinquus, Winchell, 1862, Am. Jour.
Sci. & Arts, 2nd series, vol. 33, Mar-
shall Gr. [Sig. related.]
punctatus, Conrad, 1838, Ann. Rep. N

Y., Ham. Gr. [Sig. dotted.]
pygmseus, Winchell, 1862, Am. Jour. Sci.
and Arts, 2nd series, vol. 33, Marshall
Gr. [Ety. mythological name.]
rotatorius, DeKoninck, 1843, Desc. des
Anim. Foss. du Terr. Carb. See G.
ixion.
shumardanus, AVinchell, 1865, Am. Jour.
Sci. & Arts, 2nd series, vol. 33, Mar-
shall Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
simulator, Hall, 1875, 27th Reg. Rep.,

Chemung Gr. [Sig. a dissembler.]
sinuosus, Hall, 1843, Geo. Rep. 4th Dist.
N. Y., Portage Gr. [Sig. full of fur-
rows.]
suMferus, Winchell. Not defined,
texanus, Shumard, 1863, Trans. St. Louis
Acad. Sci., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper
name.]

170

CEPHALOPODA.

uniangularis, Conrad, 1842, Jour. Acad,

Nat. Sci., vol. 8, Ham. Gr. [Sig. one

angled.]
unilobatus, Hall, 1875, 27th Reg. Eep.

N.Y., Ham. Gr. [Sig. one-lobed.]
whitii, Winchell, 1862, Proc. Acad. Nat,

Sci., Portage Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Gonioceras, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1.

[Ety. gonia, an angle; kera.% a horn.]
anceps, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,

Black Riv. Gr. [Sig. doubtful.]
occidentale, Hall, 1861, Rep. of Progr.

Wis., Trenton Gr. [Sig. western.]
Gykoceras, DeKoninck, 1841, Desc. An.

Foss. Belg. [Ety. gyros, circle; km-as,

a horn.] Not Gyroceratites of Meyer,

1829.
americanum, Billings, 1857, Rep. of Progr.

Can. Geo. Sur., Up. Sil. [Ety. proper

name.]
bannisteri, Winchell & Marcy, 1865, Mem.

Bost. Soc Nat. Hist. See Trochoceras

bannisteri.
burlingtonense, Owen, 1852, Geo. Sur.

Wis., Iowa& Minn., Low. Carb. [Ety.

proper name.]
constrictum, Meek & Worthen, 1868, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 3, Ham. Gr. [Sig. con-
stricted.]
cornutum, Owen, 1840, Rep. on Min.

Lands, Devonian. [Sig. horned.]
cyclops, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep., Up.

Held. Gr. [Ety. mythological name.]
eryx, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep., Up.

Held. Gr. [Ety. mythological name.]
expansum, Saeman, Dunker & Von Meyer,

1853, Palaeontographica, vol. 4, Mar-

cellus shale. See Nautilus buccinum.
gracile, Hall, 1860, 13th Reg. Rep. N. Y.,

Ham. Gr. [Sig. slender.]
hartti, Dawson, 1868, Acad. Geol., Car-
boniferous. [Ety. proper name.]
inelegans, Meek, 1871, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci. Phil., Corniferous Gr. [Sig. not

elegant.]
jason, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devonian Foss.,

Schoharie grit. [Ety. proper name.]
liratum, Hall, 1860, 13th Reg. Rep., Mar-

cellus shale. [Sig. furrowed.]
logani, Meek, 1868, Trans. Chi. Acad.

Sci., Devonian. [Ety. proper name.]
magnijicum, see Lituites magnificus.
matheri, Conrad, 1840, Ann. Rep. N. Y.,

(Cyrtoceras matheri) Low. Held. Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
nais, see Porcellia nais.
nereus, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep., Cornif-
erous Gr. [Ety. mythological name.]
numa, Billings, 1875, Can. Nat: & Geol.,

Corniferous Gr. [Ety. mythological

name.]
ohioense, Meek, 1871, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci. Phil., Corniferous Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
paucinodum, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devonian

Foss., Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. having few

knots.]

(?) rockfordense, Meek & Worthen, 1866,

(Nautilus (Cryptoceras) rockfbrdensis)

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Kinder-
hook Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
spinosum, Conrad, 1840, (Phragmoceras

spinosum) Ann. Rep. N. Y., Schoharie

grit. [Sig. spiny.]
subliratum, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devonian

Foss., Ham Gr. [Sig. somewhat like

G. Kratum.]
transversum, Hall, 1860, (Cyrtoceras

transversum) 13th Reg. Rep., Ham. Gr.

[Sig. crosswise.]
trivolve, Conrad, 1840, (Cyrtoceras tri-

volvis) Ann. Rep. N. Y., Low. Held.

Gr. [Sig. three-whorled.]
undulatum, Vanuxem, 1843, (Cyrtoceras

undulatum) Geo. Rep. N. Y, Low-
Held. Gr. [Sig. wavy.]
vagans, Billings, 1857, Rep. of Progr.

Can. Geo. Sur., Black Riv. Gr. [Sig.

wandering.]
validum, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devonian

Foss., Schoharie grit. [Sig. strong.]
Huronia, Stokes, 1823, Geo. Trans., n. s., vol.

1. [Ety. proper name.] When this

genus was proposed, the author

thought he was describing a coral.

Prof. Billings says that the name was

proposed for the siph uncle of an Or-

thoceras, and is, therefore, merely a

synonym.
annulata,vHall, 1851, Lake Superior Land

Dist. by Foster & Whitney, Niagara

Gr. [Sig. ringed.]
bigsbyi, Stokes, 1823, Trans.Geo. Soc.,vol.

1, Clinton Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
minuens, Barrande, 1869, Syst. Sil. de

Boh., 2d series, vol. 4, Clinton Gr.

[Sig. diminished.]
obliqua, Stokes. 1823, Trans. Geo. Soc.,

2nd series, vol. 1, Clinton Gr. [Sig.

oblique.]
portlocki, Stokes, 1840, Trans. Geo. Soc,

2nd series, vol. 5, Clinton Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
sphseroidalis, Stokes, 1823, Trans. Geo.

Soc, 2nd series, vol. 1, Clinton Gr.

[Sig. spherical.]
turbinata, Stokes, 1823, Trans. Geo. Soc,

2nd series, vol. 1, Clinton Gr. [Sig.

top-shaped.]
vertebralis, Stokes, 1823, Trans. Geo. Soc,

2nd series, vol. 1, Niagara and Clinton

Gr. [Sig. vertebra-like.] See Ortho-

ceras canadense.
Hydnoceras, Conrad, 1842, Jour. Acad. Nat.

Sci., vol. 8. [Ety. hydnm, a truffle;

keras, a horn.] See Dictyophyton, a

plant.
tuberosum, see Dictyophyton tuberosum.
Lituites, Montfort, 1808, Conch. Syst. [Ety.

lituus, a trumpet.]
apollo, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., Calcif.

Gr. [Ety. mythological name.]

CEPHALOPODA.

in

cancellatus, McChesney, 1861, New Pal.
Fos8., Niagara Gr. See L. occidentalis
and Nautilus cancellatus and N. occiden-
talis. If this species, as Prof. Hall
suggests, is a true Nautilus, McChes-
ney's name has precedence.

capax, Hall, 1860, Rep. of Progr. Geo.
Sur. Wis. See Nautilus capax.

complanatus, Shumard, 1863, Trans. St.
Louis Acad. Sci., Calciferous Gr. [Sig.
smoothed.]

convolvans, (?) Schlotheim, 1813, in Jahr-
buch, (Hall, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1) Black
Riv. Gr. [Sig. wrapping together.]

farnsworthi, Billings, 1861, Pal. Foss., vol.

1, Calciferous Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
graftonensis, Meek & Worthen, 1869,

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Niagara
Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

hercules, Winchell & Marcy, 1865, Mem.
Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., Niagara Gr.
Syn. for Cyrtoceras amplicorne. See
20th Reg. Rep. N. Y.

imperator, Billings, 1861, Pal. Foss., Cal-
ciferous Gr. [Sig. the chief.]

magnificus, Billings, 1857, (Gyroceras
magnificum) Rep. of Progr., Hud.
Riv. Gr. [Sig. magnificent.]

marshi, Hall, 1867, 20th Reg. Rep., Niagara
Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

occidentalis, Hall, 1861, Rep. of Progr. Geo.
Sur. Wis., Niagara Gr. This species
is now referred by Prof. Hall to the
genus Nautilus, see 20th Reg. Rep.
It was first described by McChesney,
Jan. 1860, as Cyrtoceras giganteum, but
that name being preoccupied, in 1861
he proposed Lituites cancellatus. If it
is a Nautilus, the word occidentalis be-
ing preoccupied, McChesney's name
cancellatus has precedence.

ortoni, Meek, 1873, Ohio Pal., vol. 1, Ni-
agara Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

palinurus, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., Cal-
ciferous Gr. [Ety. mythological name.]

pluto, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., Quebec
Gr. [Ety. mythological name.]

robertsoni, Hall, 1861, Rep. of Progr.
Wis., Chazy & Black Riv. Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]

undatus, Emmons, 1842, (Inachus un-
datus) Geo. Rep. N.Y., Black Riv. and
Trenton Gr. [Sig. wavy.]

undatus var. occidentalis, Hall, 1861, Rep.

of Progr. Wis., Black Riv. & Trenton

Gr. [Sig. western.]

Nautilus, Breynius, 1732, Dissert. Polyth.

[Ety. Naidilos, a sailor or navigator.]

avonensis, Dawson, 1868, Acad. Geol.,
Carboniferous. [Ety. proper name.]

avus, Barrande, 1869, Syst. Sil. de Boh.,
vol. 4, Quebec Gr. [Sig. an ancestor.]

barrandi, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devonian
Foss., Ham. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

biserialis, Hall, 1860, Supp. to vol. 1, pt.

2, Iowa Geo. Sur., Coal Meas. [Sig. in
two series.] This is probably a syn.
for N. occidentalis.

buccinum, Hall, 1876, Illust, Devonian

Foss., Ham. Gr. [Sig. a sea-trumpet.]

This species was referred to Gyroceras

expaiuum.
calciferus, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., Calcif-
erous Gr. [Ety. from the Calciferous

Group.]
cancellatus, McChesney, 1861, (Lituites

cancellatus) New Pal. Foss., Niagara

Gr. [Sig. cross-barred.]
canaliculars, Cox, 1857, Geo. Sur. Ky.,

vol. 3, Coal Meas. [Sig. grooved.]
capax, Hall, 1860, (Lituites capax) Rep.

of Progr. Geo. Sur. Wis., Niagara Gr.

[Sig. large.]
capax, Meek & Worthen, 1865. This

was preoccupied and must yield unless

it can be retained in the subgenus

Solenoclieilus, which see.
chesterensis, Meek & Worthen, 1860,

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Chester

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
clarkanus, Hall, 1858, Trans. Alb. Inst.,

vol. 4, Low. Carb. [Ety. proper name.]
colltctus, see Solenocheilus collectum.
cornulum, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devonian

Foss., Ham. Gr. [Sig. a little horn.]
coxanus, see Temnocheilus coxanum.
decoratus, Cox, 1857, Geo. Sur. Ky., vol.

3, Coal Meas. [Sig. decorated.]
desertus, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., Que-
bec Gr. [Sig. deserted.]
digonus, Meek & Worthen, 1860, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Kinderhook Gr.

[Sig. two-cornered.]
disciformis, see Discites disciformis.
discoidalw, see Trematodiscus discoidalis.
divisus, White & St. John, 1868, Trans.

Chi. Acad. Sci., Up. Coal Meas. The

name was preoccupied by Meyer in

1831.
eccentricus, Meek& Hayden, 1858, Trans.

Alb. Inst., vol. 4, Permian Gr. [Ety.

ek, from ; kentron, center.]
ferox, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., Calcifer-
ous Gr. [Sig. fierce.]
ferratus, Cox, 1857, Geo. Sur. Ky., vol. 3,

Coal Meas. [Sig. covered with iron.]
forbesanus, McChesney, 1860, Desc. New

Pal. Foss., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper

name.]
gilpini, Swallow, 1860, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper

name.]
globatus, Sovverby, 1825, Min. Conch.,

Chester Gr. [Sig. made round.]
hercules, Billings, 1857, Rep. of Progr.

Can. Geo. Sur., Hud. Riv. Gr. [Ety.

mythological name.]
highlandensis, see Discites highlandensis.
illinoisensis, McChesney, 1860, Desc. New

Pal. Foss., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper

name.]
ingentior, Winchell, 1862, Am. Jour. Sci.,

2nd series, vol. 33, Marshall Gr. [Sig.

larger, enormous.]
insolens, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., Que-
bec Gr. [Sig. rare, unusual.]

172

CEPHALOPODA.

jason, Billings, 1859, Can. Nat. & Geol.,

vol. 4, Chazy Gr. [Ety. mythological

name.]
lasellensis, Meek & Worthen, 1866, Proc

Acad. Nat. Sci., Phil., Up. Coal Meas

[Ety. proper name.]
latus, see Temnocheilus latum,
lawsi, Swallow, 1860, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., Ham. Gr. {Ety. proper

name.]
leidyi, see Solenocheilus leidyi.
marcellensis, Vanuxem, 1842, i Goniatites

marcellensis) Geo. Rep. N. Y., Ham.

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
maximus, Conrad, 1838, (Cyrtoceras max-

imus) Ann. Rep. N. Y., Ham. Gr.

[Sig. the largest.]
meekanus, see Trematodiscus meekanus.
missouriensis, Swallow, 1858, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., Coal Meas. [Ety.

proper name.]
natator, Billings, 1859, Can. Nat. & Geo.,

vol. 4, Chazy Gr. [Sig. a swimmer.]
niotensis, see Temnocheilus niotense.
nodocarinatus, McChesney, syn. for N.

occidentalis.
nodoso-dorsatus, Shumard, 1858, Trans.

St. Louis Acad. Sci., Coal Meas. [Ety.

nodosus, knotty; dorsatus, high-backed.]
occidentalis, Swallow, 1858, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., Permian Gr. [Sig.

wfistern "I
occidentalis, Hall, 1860, 20th Reg. Rep.,

Niagara Gr. This name being preoc-
cupied, McChesney's name, cancellatus,

has precedence. See Lituites cancel-
latus.
oriens, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devonian Foss.,

Marcellus shale. [Sig. the east.]
ornatus, Hall, 1860, 13th Reg. Rep. See

Discites ornatus.
permianus, Swallow, 1858, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., Permian Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
planidorsalis, see Trematodiscus planidor-

salis.
planorbiformis, Meek & Worthen, 1860,

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Coal Meas.

[Sig. shaped like a shell of the genus

PlanorbisJ]
planovolvis, Shumard, 1858, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., Coal Meas. [Sig.

plane-whorled.]
pomponius, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., Cal-

ciferousGr. [Ety.mythological name.]
ponderosus, White, 1872, Pal. of E. Neb.,

Coal Meas. [Sig. heavy.]
quadrangularis, McChesney, 1860, Desc.

New Pal. Foss., Coal Meas., syn. for

N. occidentalis.
rockfordensis, Meek & Worthen, 1866,

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Kinder-
hook Gr. [Ety. proper name.] Prob-
ably a Gyroceras. See 111. Geo. Sur.',

vol. 3.
sangamonensis, Meek & Worthen , 1860

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Coal Meas.

[Ety. proper name.]

seebachanus, Geinitz, 1866, Carb. und Dyas

in Neb., Permian Gr. [Ety. proper

name.] This species was made the

type by Prof. Meek of the new genus

Pteronautilus, which see.
spectabilis, see Temnocheilus spectabile.
springeri, White & St. John, 1868, Trans.

Chi. Acad. Sci., Coal Meas. [Ety.

proper name.]
striatidus, see Trematodiscus striatulus.
subglobosus, Meek & Worthen, 1860, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil.. Chester Gr.

Syn. for N. globatus, see Geo. Sur. 111.,

vol. 3.
subsulcatus, Phillips, 1836, Geol.. York.

Not clearly identified in this country.
trigonus, see Trematodiscus trigonus.
trimlcatus, see Trematodiscus trisulcatus.
tyrans, Billings, 1859, Can. Nat. & Geol.,

vol. 4, Chazy Gr. [Sig. a tyrant.]
versutus, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., Que-
bec Gr. [Sig. complicated.]
winslouri, see Temnocheilus winslowi.
Oncockras, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1.

[Ety. onkos, a swelling; keras, horn.]
abruptum, Hall, 1861, Rep. of Progr. Wis.,

Trenton Gr. [Sig. abrupt.]
alceus, Hall, 1861, Rep. of Progr. Wis.,

Chazy & Black Riv. Gr. [Ety. my-
thological name.]
amator, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.

Antic, Clinton Gr. [Sig. a lover.]
clitus, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.

Antic, Niagara Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
constrictum, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol.

1, Black Riv. & Trenton Gr. [Sig.

constricted.]
corydon, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.

Antic, Niagara Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
dilatatum, Hall, 1860, 13th Reg. Rep.,

Ham. Gr. [Sig. spread out.]
expansum, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,

Coralline Gr. [Sig. expanded.]
futile, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.

Antic, Clinton Gr. [Sig a water jar,

fusiform.]
gibbosum, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,

Medina sandstone. . [Sig. gibbous.]
lycus, Hall, 1861, Rep. of Progr. Wis.'

Chazy & Black Riv. Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
orcas, Hall, 1861, (Cyrtoceras orcas) Rep.

of Progr. Geo. Sur. of Wis., Niagara

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
ovoides, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. egg-like.]
pandion, Hall, 1861, Rep. of Progr. Wis.,

Chazy & Black Riv. Gr. [Ety. my-
thological name.]
pettiti, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.

Antic, Niagara Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
plebeium, Hall, 1861, Geo. Rep. Wis.,

Trenton Gr. [Sig. the common sort.]
subrectum, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,

Clinton Gr. [Sig. nearly straight. J

CEPHALOPODA.

173

teucer, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Fobs.

Antic, Niagara Gr. [Ety. mytholog-
ical name.]
thales, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Fpss.

Antic, Niagara Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
Ormoceras, Stokes, 1840, Trans. Geo. Soc,

2nd series, vol. 5. [Ety. ormos, a chain

or necklace ; keras, horn ; from the

appearance of the siphuncle.]
backi, Stokes, 1840, Trans. Geo. Soc, 2nd

series, vol. 5, Clinton Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
bayfleldi, Stokes, 1840, Trans. Geo. Soc,

2nd series, vol. 5, Clinton Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
crebriseptum, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol.

1, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. having many

septa.]
(?) gracile, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,

Black Eiv. Gr. [Sig. slender.]
moniliforme, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol.

1, Chazy Gr. [Sig. like a string of
heads.]

remotiseptum, Hall, 1850, 3rd Reg. Rep.,
Trenton Gr. [Sig. having distant
septa.]

tenuifilum, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,
Black Riv. & Trenton Gr. [Sig. fine-
lined.]

tenuifilum var. distans, Hall, 1847, Pal.
N. Y, vol. 1, Black Riv. Gr. [Sig.
distant.]

vertebratum, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol.

2, Clinton Gr. [Sig. like a back-bone.]
whitii, Stokes, 1840, Trans. Geo. Soc,

2nd series, vol. 5, Clinton Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
Ortiioceras, Breynius, 1732, Dissert. Polyth.

[Ety. ortlws, straight; keras, horn.]
abnorme, Hall, 1867, 20th Reg. Rep.,

Niagara Gr. [Sig. out of the usual

order.]
abruptum, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol.

2, Clinton Gr. [Sig. terminating

suddenly.]
acicula, Hall, 1843, 4th Dist. Rep. N. Y.,

Portage Gr. [Sig. a little needle.]
aculeatum, Swallow, 1858, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., Coal Meas. [Sig. armed

with a sharp point.]
segea, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep., Ham.

Gr. [Ety. mythological name.]
sequalis, Emmons, 1842, Geo. Rep. N. Y.,

Trenton Gr. [Sig. equal.]
: alienum, Hall, 1867, 20th Reg. Rep.,

Niagara Gr. [Sig. another sort.]
allumettense, Billings, 18 57, Rep. of

Progr., Chazy & Black Riv. Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
amplicameratum, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y.,

vol. 1, Black Riv. & Trenton Gr. [Sig.

large-chambered. ]
anax, Billings, 1875, Can. Nat. & Geol.,

Corniferous Gr. [Ety. mythological

name.]

angulatum, (?) Wahlenberg, 1821, Nova.

Acta., Niagara Gr. See remarks on

this species by Prof. Hall in 20th Reg.

Rep. *

anellum, Conrad, 1843, Proc Acad. Nat.

Sci. Phil., Black Riv. & Trenton Gr.

[Sig. a little ring.]
annulatum, Sowerby, 1818, Min. Conch.,

vol. 2, Clinton & Niagara Gr. [Sig.

ringed.]
annulato-costatum, Meek & Worthen, 1861,

Proc Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Chester

Gr. [Ety. annulatus, ringed ; costatus,

ribbed.] This name was preoccupied

by Boll in 1857.
antenor, Billings, 1859, Can. Nat. & Geo.,

vol. 4, Chazy Gr. [Ety. mythological

name.]
anticostiense, Billings, 1857, Rep. of

Progr., Hud. Riv. Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
arcuatellum, Winchell, 1862, Am. Jour.

Sci., 2nd series, vol. 33, Marshall Gr.

[Sig. small and arched.]
arcuoliratum, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol.

1, Black Riv. & Trenton Gr. [Sig.

in arched ridges.]
arenosum, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Oriskany sandstone. [Sig. sandy.]
atticus, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., Quebec

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
autolycus, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., Que-
bec Gr. [Ety. mythological name.]
backi, Stokes, 1840, Geo. Trans., 2nd ser.,

vol. 4, Trenton Gr. See Geo. Sur.

111., and see Ormoceras backi.
baculum, Meek, 1860, Proc Acad. Nat.

Sci., Low. Carb. [Sig. a staff or

cudgel.]
baculum, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep.,

Schoharie grit. The name was pre-
occupied,
balteatum, Billings, 1857, Rep. of Progr.,

Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. belted.]
barquianum, Winchell, 1862, Am. Jour.

Sci., 2nd series, vol. 33, Marshall Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
bebryx, Hall, 1876, Illust, Devonian Foss.,

Ham. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
becki, Billings, 1859, Can. Nat. & Geol.,

vol. 4, Calciferous Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
bellatulum, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil.Foss.

Antic, Clinton Gr. [Sig. pretty, neat.]
bilineatum, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1>

Chazy, Black Riv., Trenton and Hud.

Riv. Gr. [Sig. double-lined.]
bilineatum var. a, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y.,

vol. 1, Trenton Gr.
brongniarti, Troost, 1838, (Conotubularia

brongniarti) Mem. Soc. Geo. de France,

3, Low. Sil. [Ety. proper name.]
brontes, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.

Antic, Niagara Gr. [Ety. mytho-
logical name.]
bucklandi, Billings, 1857, Rep. of Progr.,

Up. Sil. [Ety. proper name.]

174

CEPHALOPODA.

bullatum, (?) Sowerby, 1839, Murch. Sil.

Syst., Trenton Gr. [Sig. puffed up.]

byrnesi, S. A. Miller, 1875, Cin. Quar.

Jour. Sci., vol. 2, Cin'ti Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]

cadmus, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.
Antic, Niagara Gr. [Ety. mytho-
logical name.]

cameolare, McChesney, 1861, New Pal.
Foss., Niagara Gr. [Ety. (?).]

canadense, Billings, 1857, Rep. of Progr.,
Mid. Sil. [Ety. proper name.] Prof.
Billings proposed this name as a sub-
stitute for Huronia vertebralis for the
reason that Huronia is a syn. for Ortho-
ceras, and there is one O". vertebralis.

cancellatum, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,
Niagara Gr. The name was preoccu-
pied by Eichwald in 1842.

capitolinum, Safford, 1869, Geo. of Tenn.,
Trenton Gr. [Sig. a great tower.]

carleyi, Hall & Whitfield, 1875, Ohio Pal.,
vol. 2, Cin'ti Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

catilina, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., Que-
bec Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

cato, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., Quebec Gr.
[Ety. proper name.]

catullus, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., Quebec
Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

chemungense, Swallow, 1860, Trans. St.
Louis Acad. Sci., Chemung Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]

chesterense, Swallow, 1863, Trans. St.
Louis Acad. Sci., St. Genevieve Gr.
[Ety. proper name.]

chouteauense, Swallow, 1860, Trans. St.
Louis Acad. Sci., Chouteau Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]

eincinnatiense, S. A. Miller, 1875, Cin.
Quar. Jour. Sci., vol. 2, Cin'ti Gr.
[Ety. proper name.]

clathratum, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,
Trenton Gr. [Sig. cross-barred.]

clavatum, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,
Clinton Gr. [Sig. club-shaped.]

clavatum, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,
Low. Held. Gr. The name was ap-
propriated.

clinocameratum, Winchell, 1862, Am.
Jour. Sci., 2d series, vol. 33, Marshall
Gr. [Ety. clino, bent ; cameratus,
chambered.]

clouei, Barrande, 1869, Syst. Sil. de Boh.,
4me series, Quebec Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]

colon, White, 1874, Rep. Invert. Foss.,
Quebec Gr. [Ety. colon, the great in-
testine.]

columnare, Hall, 1860, Rep. of Progr. Geo.
Sur. Wis., Niagara Gr. [Sig. colum-
nar.] The name was preoccupied bv
Mark, in 1857.

eonstrictum, Conrad, 1838, Ann. Rep. N.
Y., Ham. Gr. [Sig. constricted.]

constrictum, Hall, see Oncoceras con-
strictum.

coralliferum, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,
Utica and Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. bear-
ing a coral.]

cornuum, Billings, 1857, Rep. of Progr.,
Chazy Gr. [Sig. a horn.]

crebescens, Hall, 1867, 20th Reg. Rep., Ni-
agara Gr. [Sig. frequent, increasing.]

crebristriatum, Meek & Worthen, 1865,
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Niagara
Gr. [Sig. closely-striated.]

cribrosum, Geinitz, 1866, Carb. und Dyas
in Neb., Coal Meas. [Sig. full of holes,
like a seive.]

crotalum, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep.,Ham.
Gr. [Sig. a rattle.]

crocus, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.
Antic, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Ety. mytho-
logical name.]

cuvieri, Troost, 1838, (Conotubularia
cuvieri) Mem. Soc Geo. de France 3,
Low. Sil. [Ety. proper name.]

darwini, Billings, 1868, Pal. Foss., Guelph
Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

decrescens, Billings, 1857, Rep. of Progr.,
Black Riv. and Trenton Gr. [Sig.
decreasing, growing lessj

defrancii, Troost, 1838, (Conotubularia
defrancei) Mem. Soc. Geo. de France

3, Low. Sil. [Ety. proper name.]
deparcum, Billings, 1859, Can. Nat. &

Geo., vol. 4, Calciferous Gr. [Sig.

very scarce.]
diffidens, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., Chazy

Gr. [Sig. diffident.]
dolatum, Dawson, 1868, Acad. Geol.,

Carb. [Sig. hewed.]
drummondi, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss.,

Chazv Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
duseri, Hall & Whitfield, 1875, Ohio Pal.,

vol. 2, Cin'ti Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
dyeri, S. A. Miller, 1875,*Cin. Quar. Jour.

Sci., vol. 2, Cin'ti Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
edax, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., Calcif.

Gr. [Sig. voracious.]
elegantulum, Dawson, 1860, Can. Nat. &

Geo., vol. 4, Low. Sil. [Sig. elegant.]
emaceratum, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep.

N. Y., Ham. Gr. [Sig. thin.]
epigrus, Hall, 1858, Trans. Alb. Inst, vol.

4, Low. Carb. [Sig. a wooden pin.]
eriense, Hall, 1877. The name is pro

posed here instead of 0. robustum.

Ham. Gr. [Etv. proper name.]
exile, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep., Ham.

Gr. [Sig. small, slender.]
exornatum, Dawson, 1860, Can. Nat. &

Geo., vol. 5, Up. Sil. [Sig. adorned.]
expansum, Meek & Worthen, 1860, Proc

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., St. Louis Gr.

[Sig. spread out.]
explorator, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., Que-
bec Gr. [Sig. a scout, an examiner.]
ferum, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.

Antic, Hud. Riv. & Anticosti Gr.

[Sig. wild, cruel.]
rlavius, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., Quebec

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

CEPHALOPODA.

175

foliatum, syn. for Cyrtoceras eugenium.
formosum, Billings, 1857, Rep. of Progr.,

Trenton, Hud. Riv. & Anticosti Gr.

[Sig. beautiful.]
fosteri, S. A. Miller, 1875, Cin. Quar.Jour.

Sci., vol. 2, Cin'ti Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
foxense, Safford, 1869, Geo. of Tenn. Not

defined,
fulgur, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.

Antic, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. a thunder

bolt.]
furtivum, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., Calcif.

Gr. [Sig. hard to find.l
fusiforme, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,

Black Riv. and Trenton Gr. [Sig.

tapering at both ends.]
glaucus, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., Calcif-

erous Gr. [Ety. mythological name.]
goldfussi, Troost, 1838, (Conotubularia

goldfussi) Mem. Soc. Geo. de France

3, Low. Sil. [Ety. proper name.]
gracilius, Winchell, 1862, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci., Portage Gr. [Sig. more

slender.]
gregarium, Hall, 1861, Rep. of Progr. Wis.,

Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. occuring in flocks

or masses.] This name was preoccu-
pied bv Sowerby in 1839, Murch. Sil.

Syst.
hajsitans, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., Que-
bec Gr. [Sig. doubtful.]
hageri, Hall, 1861, Geol. of Vermont,

Calciferous Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
halli, S. A. Miller, 1875, Cin. Quar. Jour.

Sci., vol. 2, Cin'ti Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
harperi, S. A.Miller, 1875, Cin. Quar.

Jour. Sci., vol. 2, Cin'ti Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
hastatum, Billings, 1857, Rep. of Progr.,

Black Riv. and Trenton Gr. [Sig.

formed like a spear.]
helderbergise, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol.

3, Low. Held. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
heterocinctum, Winchell, 1863, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci., Kinderhook Gr. [Sig.

irregularly girdled.]
hoyi, McChesney, 1861, New Pal. Foss.,

Niagara Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
huronense, Billings, 1857, Rep. of Progr.,

Trenton Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
hyas, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep., Scho-
harie grit. [Ety. mythological name.]
imbricatum, Sowerby, 1839, Murch. Sil.

Syst., Niagara Gr. [Sig. lapping over.]
indagator, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., Cal-
ciferous Gr. [Sig. a diligent hunter.]
indianense, Hall, 1860, 13th Reg. Rep.,

Ham. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
infelix, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.

Antic, Clinton Gr. [Sig. miserable,

useless.]
irreguktre, McChesney, 1861, New Pal.

Foss., Niagara Gr. The name was

preoccupied, and is a syn. for O. wood-

worthi.

jamesi, Hall & Whitfield, 1875, Ohio Pal.,

vol. 2, Clinton Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
jolietense, Meek & Worthen, 1865, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Niagara Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
junceum, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,

Trenton Gr. [Sig. rush-stem-like.]
kickapooense, Swallow, 1858, Trans. Acad.

Sci. St. Louis, vol. 1, Up. Permian Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
knoxense, McChesney, 1860, New Pal.

Foss., Coal Meas. [Etv. proper name.]
Imr, Hall, 1843, Geo. Rep. 4th Dist. N.

Y., Onondaga Gr. [Sig. smooth.]

The name was preoccupied by Flem-
ing in 1825.
lamarcki, Billings, 1859, Can. Nat. & Geo.,

vol. 4, Calciferous Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
lamellosum, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol.

1, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. in thin plates.]
laphami, McChesney, 1861, New Pal.

Foss., Niagara Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
laqueatum, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,

Calciferous to Trenton Gr. [Sig.

adorned.]
laqueatum var. a, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y.,

vol. 1, Trenton Gr.
laqueatum, Hartt, 1868, Acad. Geol. The

name was preoccupied,
latiannulatum, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol.

1, Trenton Gr. [Sig. widely annu-

lated.]
lineohium, McChesney, 1861, New Pal.

Foss., Niagara Gr. The name was

preoccupied by Phillips in 1841.
longicameratum, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y.,

vol. 3, Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. long-
chambered.]
loxias, Hall, 1867, 20th Reg. Rep., Low.

Sil. [Ety. mythological name.]
luxum, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devonian Foss.,

Schoharie grit. [Sig. dislocated.]
lyelli, Billings, 1857, Rep. of Progr., Hud.

Riv. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
magnisulcatum, Billings, 1857, Rep. of

Progr., Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. deeply

furrowed.]
marcellense, Vanuxem, 1842, Geo. Rep.

N.Y., Ham. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
marginale, Owen, 1840, Rep. on Min.

Lands, Up. Magnesian Gr. [Sig. mar-
gined.]
maro, Billings, 1859, Can. Nat. & Geol.,

vol. 4, Chazy Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
marshallense, Winchell, 1862, Am. Jour.

Sci., 2nd series, vol. 33, Marshall Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
medon, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.

Antic, Clinton Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
medullare, Hall, 1860, Rep. of Progr.

Geo. Sur. Wis., Niagara Gr. [Sig. like

a pith.]

176

CEPHALOPODA.

meeki, S. A. Miller, 1875, Cin. Quar.
Jour. Sci., vol. 2, Cin'ti Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]

menelaus, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., Black
Riv. Gr. [Ety. mythological name.]

minganense, Billings, 1857, Rep. of Progr.,
Chazy & Black Riv. Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]

missisquoi, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., Que-
bec Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

mohri, S. A. Miller, 1875, Cin. Quar. Jour.
Sci., vol. 2, Cin'ti Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]

molestum, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devonian
Foss., Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. difficult.]

moniliforme, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,
Chazy Gr. [Sig. necklace-like.]

monilifwme, Swallow, 1858, Trans. St.
Louis Acad. Sci., vol. 1, Coal Meas.
The name was preoccupied.

montrealense, Billings, 1859, Can. Nat.
& Geo., vol. 4, Calciferous Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]

multicameratum, Emmons, 1842, Geo.
Rep. N. Y., Birdseye Gr. .[Sig. many-
chambered.]

multicinctum, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep.,
Schoharie grit. [Sig. many-banded.]

multicinctum, Winchell, 1862, Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci., Marshall Gr. [Sig. many-
banded.] It is not clear which of
these authors is entitled to his name.

multilineatum, Emmons, 1842, Geo. Rep.
N. Y., Trenton Gr. [Sig. many-lined.]

multiseptum, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,
Medina Gr. [Sig. having many di-
visions.]

murrayi. Billings, 1857, Rep. of Progr.,
Black Riv. and Trenton Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]

niagarense, Hall, 1867, 20th Reg. Rep.,
Niagara Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

nodocostum, McChesney, 1861, New Pal.
Foss., Niagara Gr. [Ety. nodus, a knot ;
costa, a rib.]

novamexicanum, Marcou, 185S, Geol.
North America, Low. Carb. [Ety.
proper name.]

nummularium, (?) 1839, Murch. Sil. Syst.,
Up. Sil. [Sig. like a coin.]

nuntium, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep.,
Ham. Gr. [Sig. news, a messenger.]

oberon, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.
Antic, Niagara Gr. [Ety. the king
of fairies in Midsummer Night's Dream/]

occidentale, Swallow, 185 8, Trans. St.
Louis Acad. Sci., Coal Meas., Permian
Gr. [Sig. western.]

occidentale, Winchell, 1862, Am. Jour. Sci.,
Marshall Gr. This name was preoc-
cupied.

ommanei, Salter, 1868, Bigsby, Thesaurus
Siluricus, Niagara Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]

ordinatum, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., Cal-
ciferous Gr. [Sig. well arranged.]

ortoni, Meek, 1872, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Phil., Cin'ti Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

ottawaense, Billings, 1857, Rep. of Progr.,

Black Riv. & Trenton Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
ozarkense, Shumard, 18 6 3, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., Calciferous Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
pauciseptum, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol.

3, Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. having few

septa.]
pelops, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Kep., Scho-
harie grit. [Ety. mythological name.]
pelops var. ohioense, Hall, 1876, Illust.

Devonian Foss., Up. Held. Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
perannidatum, Billings, 1857, Rep. of

Progr., Hud. Riv. Gr. This name was

preoccupied by Portlock in 1843. The

species is now named 0. crocus.
perelegans, Salter, 1848, Mem. Geo. Sur.

Gr. Brit., vol. 2, Ham. Gr. [Sig. very

elegant.]
perparvum, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss.,

Black Riv. Gr. [Sig. very small.]
perseus, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., Que-
bec Gr. [Ety. mythological name.]
persiphonatum, Billings, 1857, Rep. of

Progr., Mid. Sil. [Sig. having a very

large siph uncle. ] If the genus Huronia

is valid, this species will belong to it.
perstriatum, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol.

3, Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. many-lined.]
perstrictum, Dawson, 1868, Acad. Geol.,

Carb. [Sig. very much banded.]

The name was preoccupied by Bar-

rande.
pertinax, Billings, 1860, Can. Nat. & Geo.,

vol. 5, Black Riv. Gr. [Sig. persistent,

constant.]
pileolum, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.

Antic, Medina Gr. [Sig. a little cap.]
piscator, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., Que-
bec Gr. [Sig. a fisherman.]
piso, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., Hud. Riv.

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
planoconvexum, Hall, 1861, Rep. of Progr.

Wis., Black Riv. & Trenton Gr. [Ety.

planus, flat, plain; convexus, convex.]
pressum, Rogers, 1868, Bigsby, Thesaurus

Siluricus, Trenton Gr. [Sig. pressed.]
priamus, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss.,Quebec

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
primigenium, Vanuxem, 1842, Geo. Rep.

N. Y., Calciferous Gr. [Sig. original,

first born.]
procerus, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devonian

Foss., Schoharie grit. [Sig. long.]
profundum, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep.

N.Y., Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. deep.]
propinquum, Billings, 185 7, Rep. of

Progr., Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. related to.]
punctostriatum, Hall, 1860, Can. Nat. &

Geo., vol. 5, Low. Sil. [Sig. dotted

and striated.]
pustulosum, Winchell, 1866, Rep. Low.

Peninsula Mich., Ham. Gr. [Sig;

covered with pustules.]

CEPHALOPODA.

177

pylades, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.

Antic, Niagara Gr. [Ety. mytho-
logical name.}
python, Billings, 1857, Kep. of Progr.,

Trenton Gr. [Ety. mythological

name.]
rapax, see Endoceras rapax.
raptor, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.

Antic, Medina Gr. [iSig. a robber.]
recedens, Barrande, 1869, Syst. Sil. de

Boh., 4me ser., Quebec Gr. [Sig.

receding.]
rectiannulatum, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y.,

vol. 1, Chazy & Birdseye Gr. [Ety.

rectus, straight; annulatus, ringed.]
recticameratum, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y.,

vol. 1, Birdseye Gr. [Ety. rectus,

straight; cameratus, chambered.]
rectum, Worthen, 1875, Geo. Sur. 111.,

vol. 6, Niagara Gr. [Sig. straight.]
remus, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.

Antic. Niagara Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
repens, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., Quebec

Gr. [Sig. creeping.]
rdindatwm, Phillips, 1836, Geol. York.,

Chemung Gr. Not clearly identified

in this country,
richardsoni, Stokes, 1840, Trans. Geo. Soc,

2nd series, vol. 5, Black Riv. Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
rigidum, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. rigid.]
robustum, Winchell, 1862, Am. Jour.

Sci., 2nd series, vol. 33, Marshall Gr.

[Sig. robust.]
robustum, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devonian

Foss., Ham. Gr. The name was pre-
occupied. See 0. eriense.
rotulatum, Billings, 1857, Rep. of Progr.,

Niagara Gr. [Sig. rounded.]
rude, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y, vol. 3, Low.

Held. Gr. [Sig. rude, not polished.]
rudicula, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devonian

Foss., Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. a spatula.]
rushense, McChesney, 1860, New Pal.

Foss., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name]
sayi, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., Quebec

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
scammoni, McChesney, 1861, New Pal.

Foss., Niagara Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
sedgwicki, Billings, 1857, Rep. of Progr.,

Hud. Riv. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
selwyni, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss.,Guelph

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
servile, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., Quebec

Gr. [Sig. paltry.]
shumardi, Billings, 1859, Can. Nat. and

Geo., vol. 4, Chazy Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
sieboldi, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.

Antic, Hud. Riv. and Anticosti Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
simpsoni, Billings, 1859, Rep. of Progr.

Assiniboine & Saskatchewan Ex. Exp.,

Silurian. [Ety. proper name.]
simulator, Hall, 1876, 28th Reg. Rep.,

Niagara Gr. [Sig. an imitator.]

sordidum, Billings, 1859, Can. Nat. and
Geo., vol. 4, Calciferous Gr. [Sig.
coarse.]

striatum, (?) Sowerby, 1812, Min. Conch.,
Devonian. [Sig. striated.]

striatolineatum, McChesney. 1861, New
Pal. Foss., Niagara Gr. [Ety. ftriatw,
striated ; lineatus, lined.] Syn. (?) for

0. medullare.

strigatum, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,
Trenton Gr. [Sig. furrowed.]

strix, Hall & Whitfield, 1875, Ohio Pal.,
vol. 2, Niagara Gr. [Sig. a channel.]

subarcuatum, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol.

1, Chazy Gr. This name was preoc-
cupied by Portlock in 1843.

subbaculum, Worthen, 1866, Geo. Sur. 111.,

vol. 1, Niagara Gr. N >t defined.
subtextile, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. somewhat like

net-work.]
subulatum, Hall, 1843, 4th Dist. Geo.

Rep. N. Y., Marcellus shale. [Sig.

awl-shaned.]
tenerum, Billings, 1860, Can. Nat. & Geo.,

vol. 5, Black Riv. Gr. [Sig. tender.]
tenui-annulatum, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y.,

vol. 3, Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. having

slight annulations.]
tenuiseptum, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol.

1, Chazy Gr. [Sig. having slender

partitions.]
teretiforme, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y, vol. 1,

Trenton Gr. [Sig. long, round and

smooth.]
tetricum, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep.,Scho-

harie grit. [Si* rude, rough.]
textile, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,

Trenton Gr. [Sig. woven, like a web.]
thoas, Hall, 1862,15th Reg.Rep., Schoharie

grit. [Kty. mythological name.]
tityrus, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., Quebec

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
transversum, S. \. Miller, 1875, Cin.

Quae. Jour. Sci., vol. 2, Cin'ti Gr.

[Ety. from the transverse lines on the

shell.]
trentonense, see Cvrtoceras trentonense.
turbidum, Half & Whitfield, 1875, Ohio

Pal., vol. 2, Cin'ti Gr. [Sig. dis-
ordered.]
typus, Saemann, as identified by Hall,

1876, Illust. Devonian Foss., Marcellus

shale. [Sig type of the genus.]
undulalum., Owen, 1840, Rep. on Min.

Landft Niagara Gr. [Sig. wavy.] The

name was preoccupied by Sowerby

in 1812.
undulostriatum, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y.,

vol. 1, Trenton Gr. [Sig. wavy-lined.]
unionense, Worthen, 1875, Geo. Sur. 111.,

vol. 6, Niagara Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
varro, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.

Antic, Niagara Gr. [Ety. proper

name]
velox, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., Chazy

Gr. [Sig. fitted for motion.]

178

CEPHALOPODA.

vertebrate, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,

Trenton Gr. This name was preoc-
cupied by Schlotheim in 1820, and by

Eichwald in 1840.
veterator, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., Cal-

ciferous Gr. [Sig. old.]
vindobonense, Dawson, 1868, Acad. Geol.,

Carboniferous. [Ety. proper name.]
virgatum, (?) Sowerbv, 1839, Murch. Sil.

Syst., (Hall, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,) Niagara

Gr. [Sig. rod-like.]
virgulatum, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y, vol. 2,

Clinton & Niagara Gr. [Sig. like a

small rod.]
vittatum, Sandberger. Not American,
vulgatum, Billings, 1857, Rep. of Progr.,

Trenton Gr. [Sig. common.]
whitii, Winchell, 1863, Proc. Acad. Nat.'

Sci., Kinderhook Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
winchelli, Meek & Worthen, 1866, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Devonian. [Ety.

proper name.]
woodworthi, McChesney, 1861, New Pal.

Foss., Niagara Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
xerxes, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., Quebec

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
xiphias, Billings, 1857, Rep. of Progr.,

Trenton Gr. [Sig. having a point like

a sword.]
Phragmoceras, Broderip, 1839, Murch. Sil.

Syst. [Ety. phragmos, a partition;

keras, a horn.]
byronense, Worthen, 1875, Geo. Sur. 111.,

vol. 6, Niagara Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
ellipticum, Hall & Whitfield, 1875, Ohio

Pal., vol. 2, Niagara Gr. [Sig. ellip-
tical.]
expansum, Winchell, 1863, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci., Kinderhook Gr. [Sig. ex-
panded.]
hector, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., Guelph

Gr. [Etv. proper name.]
nestor, Half, 1867, 20th Reg. Rep., Niag-
ara Gr. [Ety. mythological name.]
parvum, Hall & Whitfield, 1875, Ohio

Pal., vol. 2, Niagara Gr. [Sig. small.]
prsetnaturum, Billings, 1866, Can. Nat. &

Geo., vol. 5, Black Riv. & Trenton Gr.

[Sig. premature.]
spiniyci^m, see Gyroceras spinosum.
walshi, Meek & Worthen, 1866, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Ham. Gr. [Ety.

proper name.] .

Piloceras, Salter, 1859, Quar. Psur. Geo.

Soc, vol. 15. [Ety. pilum, a pounder

or pestle; keras, a horn.]
canadense, Billings, 1860, Can. Nat. and

Geol.. vol. 5, Calciferous Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
gracile, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., Quebec

Gr. [Sig. slender.]
triton, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., Quebec

Gr. [Ety. mythological name.]
wortheni, Billings, 18«5, Pal. Foss., Que-
bec Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

Polycroniles haani, Troost, 1840, 5th Geo. Rep.

Tenn., Devonian. Not clearly defined,

but probably a Gyroceras.
Pteronautilus, Meek, 1864, Pal. of Up. Mo.

[Ety. pteron, a wing ; Nautilus, a genus

of shells.]
seebachanus, Geinitz, (Nautilus seebach-

anus) Carb. und Dyas, Permian Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
S.erichxites, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.

Antic. [Ety. sairo, to show the teeth ;

ichnos, a footstep.] The author sup-
posed the tracks might have been

made by a species of Cephalopoda,
abruptus, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.

Antic, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. from the

more abrupt termination and deeper

impression at one end than the other.]
Solenocheilus, Meek & Worthen, 1870, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., vol. 20. [Ety.

solen, a channel ; cheilos, a lip.]
capax, Meek & Worthen, 1865, (Crypto-

ceras capax) Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.

Phil., Coal Meas. [Sig. large.]
collectum, Meek & Worthen, 1870, Proc-

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., St. Louis Gr.

[Sig. gathered together.]
leidyi, Meek & Worthen, 1865, (Nautilus

leidyi) Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil.,

Keokuk Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Spirula, Lamarck, 1801, Syst. An. sans Vert.
mortoni, Troost, 1840, 5th Geo. Rep. Tenn.,

Niagara Gr. Not clearly defined.
Streptoceras, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.

Antic. [Ety. streptos, twisted; keras,

horn.]
heros, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.

Antic, Niagara Gr. [Ety. mytho-
logical name.]
janus, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.

Antic, Niagara G r . [Ety. proper

name.]
Temmocheilus, McCoy, 1844, Synop. Carb.

Foss. Ireland. [Ety. temno, I divide;

cheilos, a lip.]
coxanum, Meek & Worth on, 1869, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., St. Louis Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
latum, Meek &Worthen,1870, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci. Phil., Coal Meas. [Sig. wide.]
niotense, Meek & Worthen, 1865, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Keokuk Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
peramplum, Meek & Worthen, 1865, (en-

dolobus peramplus) Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci. Phil., Chester Gr. [Sig. very

large.]
spectabile, Meek & Worthen, 1860, (Nau-
tilus spectabilis) Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.

Phil., Chester Gr. [Sig. showy, worth

seeing.]
winslowi, Meek & Worthen, 1870, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Coal Meas.

[Ety. proper name.]

V

CEPHALOPODA.

179

Trematodiscus, Meek & Worthen, 1861,

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. [Ety.

trema, a hole; diskos, a quoit.]
altidorsalis, Winchell, 1862, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci., Marshall Gr. [Sig. high-
backed.]
discoidalis, Winchell, 1862, Am. Jour.

Sci., vol. 33, 2d series, Marshall Gr.

[Sig. discoidal.]
meekanus, Winchell, 1862, Am. Jour.

Sci., 2nd series, vol. 33, Marshall Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
planidorsalis, Winchell, 1862, Am. Jour.

Sci., 2nd series, vol. 33, Marshall Gr.

[Sig. smooth-backed.]
striatulus, Winchell, 1862, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci., 2nd series, vol. 33, Marshall

Gr. [Sig. small-channeled.]
strigatus, Winchell, 1862, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci., Marshall Gr. [Sig. grooved.]
trigonus, Winchell, 1862, Am. Jour. Sci.,

2nd series, vol. 33, Marshall Gr. [Sig.

three-cornered.]
trisulcatus, Meek & Worthen, 1860, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Kinderhook Gr.

[Sig. three-furrowed.]
Trochoceras, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2.

[Ety. trochos, a hoop; keras, a horn.]

This name was proposed by Barrande

at about the same time,
baeri, Meek & Worthen, 1865, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci. Phil., Cin'ti Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
bannisteri, Winchell & Marcy, 1865, (Gy-

roceras bannisteri) Mem. Bost. Soc.

Nat. Hist., vol. 1, Niagara Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]

clio, Hall, 1861, 14th Reg. Rep., Schoharie

grit. [Etv. mvthological name.]
costatum, Hall, 1861, Geo. Rep. of Wis.,

Niagara Gr. [Sig. ribbed.]
desplainense, McChesney, 186 0, New

Pal. Foss., Niagara Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
discoideum, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep.,

Schoharie grit. [Sig. disc-like.]
eugenium, Hall, 1861, 14th Reg. Rep.,

Schoharie grit. [Etv. proper name.]
gebhardi, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,

Coralline Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
incipiens, Barrande, 1869, Syst. Sil. de

Boh., 4me ser., Quebec Gr. [Sig.

beginning.]
notum, Hall, 1867, 20th Reg. Rep. N. Y.,

Niagara Gr. [Sig. well known.]
obliquatum, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devonian

Foss., Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. bent.]
pandion, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devonian

Foss., Schoharie grit. [Ety. mytho-
logical name.]
turbinatum, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol.

2, Coralline Gr. [Sig. top-shaped.]
waldronense, Hall, 1876, 28th Reg. Rep.

N.Y., Niagara Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Trocholites, Conrad, 1838, Ann. Geo. Rep.

N. Y. [Ety. Irockos, a hoop; lithos,

stone.]
ammonius, Conrad, 1838, Ann. Geo. Rep.

N. Y., Trenton, Utica & Hud. Riv. Gr.

[Ety. mythological name.]
planorbiformis, Conrad, 1842, Jour. Acad.

Xat. Sci. Phil., Utica and Hud. Riv.

Gr. [Sig. like a shell of the genus

Planorbis.]

CLASS LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.

FAMILY AMBONYCHIIDJS. — Ambonychia, Anomalodonta, Eopteria, Euchasma,

Limoptera, Mytilarca.
FAMILY ANATINIDiE. — Allorisma, Amphicoelia, Anatina, Chsenomya, Chsenocardia,

Clinopistha, Cuneamya, Dexiobia, Ilionia, Leptodomus, Promacrus, Prothyris,

Sedgwickia.
FAMILY ARCIDiE. — Carbonarca, Dystactella, Macrodon, Megalomus, Megambonia,

Ptychodesma, Solenomya, Tellinomya.
FAMILY AVICULIDiE. — Actinodesma, Avicula, Aviculopinna, Bakevellia, Entolium,

Eucbondria, Gervillia, Inoceramus, Leiopteris, Monopteria, Monotis, Posidonia,

Posidonomya, Pseudomonotis.
FAMILY CARDIIDvE. — Cardiola, Cardiopsis, Cardium, Conocardium, Lunulacardium.
FAMILY CARDIOMORPHID^E.— Cardiomorpha, Edmondia.
FAMILY CYPRINIDiE.— Astarte, Astartella, Cardinia, Cleidophorus, Cycloconcha,

Cypricardella, Cypricai'dia, Cypricardinia, Cypricardites, Isocardia, Matheria,

Pleurophorus.
FAMILY CYTHERODONTID.E.— Cytherodon, Schizodus.
FAMILY GRAMMYSIDyE.— Grammysia.
FAMILY LUC1NID,E.— Axinus, Lucina, Paracyclas.
FAMILY MODIOMORPHID.E.— Goniopbora, Modiomorpha.
FAMILY MYACIDJS.— Anthracoinya.
FAMILY MYTILID^E. — Anodontopsis, Anthracoptera, Lithopbaga, Modiola, Modiolop-

sis, Myalina, Mytilus.
FAMILY NUCULIDiE.— Nucula, Nuculana, Nuculites, Pyrenomceus, Yoldia.
FAMILY NYASSID^.— Nyassa.

FAMILY ORTHONOTID^.-Orthodesma, Orthonota.
FAMILY OSTREIDiE.— Lima, Ostrea, Placunopsis.
FAMILY PALANATINID.E.-Palanatina.

FAMILY PECriNIDiE.— Aviculopecten, Lyriopecten, Pernopecten, Streblopteria.
FAMILY PHOLADELLID/E.— Cimitaria, Palteoneilo, Pholadella, Phthonia.
FAMILY PINNIID^E.— Pinna, Pinnopsis.
FAMILY PTERINIID/E.— Pterinea, Pteronites, Pteronitella.'
FAMILY SANGULNOLITILLE.— Sanguinolites.
FAMILY SOLENID,E.— Solen, Solenopsis.
FAMILY TELLINID,E.— Sanguinolaria, Tellinopsis.
FAMILY TRIGONIID^E.— Dolabra, Iscbyrinia, Lyrodesma.
FAMILY UNIONID^E.-Anthracosia.

Actinodesma, Hall, 1877, Pal. N. Y., vol. 5.

[Ety. akin, a beam ; desma, a ligament. ]
crueiforme, Conrad, 1841, (Avicula cruci-

formisi Ann. Rep. N. Y., Ham. Gr.

[Sig. cross-sbaped.]
erectum, Conrad, 1842, (Avicula erecta)

Jour. Acad. Nat. ScL, vol. 8, Ham. Gr.

[Sig. erect.]

Allorisma, King, 1844, Ann. Mag. Nat.
Hist., vol. 14. [Ety. alios, variable;
ereisma, support, expressive of the va-
riable nature of the cartilage support
or fulcrum.]

altirostrata, see Sedgwickia altirostrata.

antiqua, Swallow, 1863, Trans. St. Louis
Acad. Sci., Low. Carb. [Sig. ancient.]

LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.

181

^ capax, Newberry, 1861, Ives' Col. Ex.

Exped., Coal Meas. [Sig. capacious,

large.]
clavata, McChesney, 1860, New Pal. Foss.,

Chester Gr. [Sig. club-shaped.]
cooped, see Chsenomya cooperi.
costata, Meek & Worth en, 1869, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Coal Meas. [Sig.

ribbed.]
cuneata, Swallow, 1858, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., Mid. Coal Meas. [Sig.

wedge-shaped.]
curta, Swallow, 1858, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., Permian Gr. [Sig. short.]
elegans, King, as identified by Geinitz.

See A. geinitzi.
ensiformis, Swallow, ^.860, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., Coal Meas. [Sig. in

the form of a sword.]
geinitzi, Meek, 1S67, Am. Jour. Sci., vol.

44, Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
granosa, Shumard, 1858, (Leptodomus

granosus) Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci.,

Coal Meas. [Sig. full of grains.]
hannibalensis, see Grammysia hannibal-

ensis.
hybrida, Meek & Worthen, 1865, (Chae-

nomya hybrida) Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.

Phil., Keokuk Gr. [Sig. a hybrid.]
lanceolata, Swallow, 1858, Trans.'St. Louis

Acad. Sci., Permian Gr. [Sig. spear-
shaped.]
lata, Swallow, 1858, Trans. St. Louis Acad.

Sci., Mid. Coal Meas. [Sig. broad.]
leavenworthensis, see Chsenomya leaven-

worthensis.
marionensis, White, 1876, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci., St. Louis Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
minnehaha, see Chsenomya minnehaha.
pleuropistha, Meek, 1871, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci. Phil., Waverly Gr. [Ety.

■pleuron, the side ; opisthe, behind.]
reflexa, Meek, 1872, Pal. E. Neb., Coal

Meas. [Sig. turned back.]
sinuata, McChesney, 1860, New Pal. Foss.,

Chester Gr. [Sig. wavy.]
subcuneata, Meek & Havd'en, 1858, Proc.

Acad. Nat, Sci. Phil., Coal Meas.

[Sig. somewhat wedge-shaped.]
subelegans, Meek, 1872, Pal. E. Neb.,

Coal Meas. [Sig. somewhat elegant.]
terminalis, Hall, 1852, Stans. Ex. to Gt,

Salt Lake, Coal Meas. [Sig. terminal.]
ventricosa, Meek, 1871, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci. Phil., Waverly Gr. LSig. bulging

out.]
winchelli, Meek, 1871, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci. Phil.,' Waverly Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
Amboxychia, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1.

[Ety. ambon, the boss of a shield;

onyx, a claw or talon.]
acutirostra, Hall, 1867, 20th Reg. Rep.,

Niagara Gr. [Sig. acute-beaked.]
alata, see Anomalodonta alata.
amygdalina, see Cypricardites amygda-

linus»

aphsea, Hall, 1867, 20th Reg. Rep., Niag-
ara Gr. [Ety. mythological name.]
attenuata, Hall, 1861, Geo. Rep. Wis.,

Trenton Gr. [Sig. diminished, drawn

out,]
bellistriata, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,

frenton Gr. [Sig. beautifully striated.]
cancellosa, Hall, 1861, Geo. Rep. Wis.,

Trenton Gr. [Sig. made crosswise,

like net work.]
carinata, Goldfuss, 1826, (Pterinea carin-

ata) Germ. Petref., Trenton & Hud.

Riv. Gr. [Sig. keeled.]
casii, Meek & Worthen, 1866, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci. Phil., Cin'ti Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
costata, James, 1873, Ohio Pal., vol. 1,

Cin'ti Gr. [Sig. ribbed.]
erecta, Hall, 1861, Geo. Rep. Wis., Tren-
ton Gr. [Sig. erect, straight.]
illinoisensis, Worthen, 1875, Geo. Rep.

111., vol. 6, Cin'ti Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
intermedia, Meek & Worthen, 1868, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 3, Galena Gr. [Sig. in-
termediate, between .1. bellistriata and

A. radiata.
lamellosa, Hall, 1861, Geo. Rep. Wis.,

Trenton Gr. [Sig. made of many thin

plates.]
maxima, Safford, 1869, Geo. of Tenn. Not

defined,
mytiloides, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,

Chazy Gr. [Sig. resembling a Mytilus.~\
net lecla, see Amphiecelia neglecta.
nitida, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.

Antic, Anticosti Gr. [Sig. neat,

pretty.]
obtmu, see Cypricardites obtusus.
orbicularis, Emmons, 1842, (Pterinea or-
bicularis) Geo. Rep. N. Y., Trenton

Gr. [Sig. orb-shaped.]
planistriata, Hall, 1861, Geo. Rep. Wis.,

Trenton Gr. [Sig. plane-striated.]
radiata, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y, vol. 1,

Trenton, Hud. Riv. Gr. & Mid. Sil.

[Sig. radiated.]
struecostata, see Pterinea striaecostata.
superba, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.

Antic, Anticosti Gr. [Sig. superb,

large and fine.]
swanana, Safford, 1869, Geo. of Tenn.

Not defined,
undata, Emmons, 1842, (Pterinea undata)

Geo. Rep. N. Y., Black Riv. & Trenton

Gr. [Sig. wa\v.]
Amphiccelia, Hall, 1868, 20th Reg. Rep. N.

Y. [Ety. amphi, both ; koilos, hollow.]
costata, Hall & Whitfield, 1875, Ohio Pal.,

vol. 2, Niagara Gr. [Sig. ribbed.]
leidyi, Hall, 1867, 20th Reg. Rep. N. Y.,

Niagara Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
neglecta, McChesney, 1861, (Ambonychia

neglecta) Pal. Foss., Niagara Gr. [Sig.

neglected, overlooked.]
Anatina, Lamarck, 1809, Phil. Zool. [Ety.

pertaining to the duck, or like the

duck's bill.]

182

LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.

leda, Hall, 1860, 13th Reg. Rep. N. Y.,

Ham. Gr. [Ety. mythological name.]
sinuata, see Ilionia sinuata.
Anodontopsis, McCoy, 1851, Ann. & Mag.

Nat. Hist., 2nd series, vol. 7. [Ety.

from the resemblance to the shells of

the genus Anodonta.~\
(?) milleri, Meek, 1871, Am. Jour. Sci.,

3rd series, vol. 2, Cin'ti Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
(?) unionoides, Meek, 1871, Am. Jour.

Sci., 3rd series, vol. 2, Cin'ti Gr. [Sig.

like a Unio.~\ This species is probably

a Modiolopsis.
ventricosa, Billings, 1874, Pal. Foss., vol.

2, Devonian. [Sig. bulging out.]
Anomalodonta, S. A. Miller, 1874, Cin.

Quar. Jour. Sci., vol. 1. [Sig. anom-
alous-toothed.]
alata, Meek, 1872, (Ambonychia alata)

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Cin'ti Gr.

[Sig. winged.]
gigantea, S. A. Miller, 1874, Cin. Quar.

Jour; Sci., vol. 1, Cin'ti Gr. [Sig.

very large.]
Anthracomya, Salter, 1861, Mem. Geo. Sur.

Gr, Brit. [Ety. anthrax, coal; Mya,

a genus of shells.]
angulata, Dawson, 1860, (Naiadites angu-

lata) Acadian Geology, Coal Meas.

[Ety. from the angular outline of the

posterior extremity.]
arenacea, Dawson, 1860, (Naiadites are-

nacea) Acadian Geology, Coal Meas.

[Ety. from the arenaceous shale.]
carbonaria, Dawson, 1860, (Naiadites car-

bonaria) Acadian Geology, Coal Meas.

[Ety. from the Coal Measures.]
elongata, Dawson, 1860, (Naiadites elon-

gata) Acadian Geology, Coal Meas.

[Ety. from the elongation laterally.]
lsevis, Dawson, 1860, (Naiadites lsevis)

Acadian Geology, Coal Meas. [Sig.

smooth.]
obtusa, Dawson, 1860, (Naiadites obtusa)

Acadian Geology, Coal Meas. [Ety.

from the obtuse anterior end.]
ovalis, Dawson, 1860, (Naiadites ovalis)

Acadian Geology, Coal Meas. [Sig.

oval.]
Anthracoptera, Salter, 1862, Mem. Geo.

Sur. Gr. Brit. [Ety. anthrax, coal;

pteron, a wing.]
carbonaria, see Anthracomya carbonaria.
fragilis, Meek & Worthen, 1866, Proc.

Chi. Acad. Sci., Keokuk Gr. [Sig.

easily broken.]
hems, see Anthracomya lsevis.
Area, Linne, 1758. This genus is unknown

in the palaeozoic rocks.
carbonaria, Cox, 1857, Geo. Sur. Ky., vol.

3. See Macrodon carbonarius.
cuspidata, Swallow, 1858, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., Up. Coal Meas. [Sig.
pointed.]
modesta, Winchell, 1863, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci., Chemung Gr. [Sig. modest,
small.]

striata, Schlotheim, as identified by

Geinitz, is Macrodon tenuistriatus.
punctifera, Dawson, 1868, Acad. Geol.,

Carb. [Sig. bearing dots.] The name

was preoccupied by Deshayes in his

work, 1824-1836.
Anthracosia, King, 1844, in Mag. Nat. Hist.

[Ety. anthrax, coal.]
bradorica, Dawson, 1868. Acad. Geol.,

Carb. [Ety. proper name.]
Astarte, Sowerby, 1818, Min. Conch., vol. 2.

[Ety. mythological name.]
mortonensis, Geinitz, 1866, Carb. und

Dyas in Neb., Coal Meas. [Ety.

proper name.]
nebrascensis, Geinitz, 1866, Carb. und

Dyas in I^b., Coal Meas. [Ety.

proper name.]
sublextilis, see Cardiomorpha subtextilis.
Astartella, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa.

[Ety. diminutive of Astarte.']
concentrica, McChesney, 1860,(Edmondia

concentrica) Descr. New Pal. Foss.,

Coal Meas. [Sig. from the concentric

wrinkles or folds.]
newberryi, Meek, 1875, Ohio Pal., vol. 2,

Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
varica, McChesney, 1860, Descr. New Pal.

Foss., Coal Meas. [Sig. straddling.]
vera, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa, Coal

Meas. [Sig. true, genuine.]
Avicula, Klein, 1753, Ostrac. [Ety. avicula,

a little bird.]
acanthoptera, Hall, 1843, Geo. Rep. 4th

Dist. N. Y., Chemung Gr. [Ety.

akantha, a spine ; pteron, a wing.]
acosta, Cox, 1857, Geo. Sur. Ky., vol. 3,

Coal Meas. [Sig. without ribs.] The

correct etymology would make this

word incosta.
seqwUatera, see Aviculopecten sequilaterus.
sequiradiata, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol.

3, Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. having equal

radiating striae.]
sesopus, Conrad, 1842, Jour. Acad. Nat.

Sci., vol. 8, Up. Sil. [Ety. proper

name.]
angustirostra, Conrad, 1842, Jour. Acad.

Nat. Sci., Up. Sil. [Sig. narrow-
beaked.]
antiqua, see Bakevellia antiqua.
armaria. Not American,
aviformis, Conrad, 1842, Jour. Acad. Nat.

Sci., vol. 8, Low. Sil. [Sig. bird-like:']
bella, Conrad, 1841, Ann. Rep. N. Y.,

Devonian. [Sig. beautiful.]
bellula, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. quite beautiful.]
boydi, see Pterinea boydi.
chemungensis, see Pterinea chemungensis.
circulus, Shumard, 1855, Geo. Rep. Mo.,

Kinderhook Gr. [Sig. a circle.]
communis, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. a common form.]
cooperensis, see Entolium cooperense.
corrugata, James, 1874, Cin. Quar. Jour.

Sci., vol. 1, Cin'ti Gr. [Sig. wrinkled.]
cruciformis, see Actinodesma truciforme.

LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.

183

custa, (a misprint) see Eumicrotis curta.
damnoniensis, Sowerby, as identified in

the early N. Y. Reports, see Pteronites

chemungensis.
decussata, Hall, 1843, see Pteronites de-

cussatus. Not Minister, 1834.
demissa, Conrad, 1842, Jour. Acad. Nat.

Sci., vol. 8, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. hang-
ing down.]
desquamata, see Obolella desquamata.
elliptica, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,

Trenton Gr. [Sig. elliptical.]
emacerata, Conrad, 1842, Jour. Acad. Nat.

Sci., Clinton & Niagara Gr. [Sig.

made thin.]
erecta, see Actinodesma erecta.
ferruginea, Conrad, 1848, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci., vol. 3, Up. Sil. [Sig. rusty.]
flabella, see Pterinea flabellum.
fragilis, see Aviculopecten fragilis. The

name was preoccupied bv DeFrance.

" rdi, Conrad, 1841, Ann." Rep. N. Y.,

Oriskany sandstone. [Ety. proper

name.]
hermione, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Trenton Gr. [Ety. mythological

name.]
honeymani, Hall, 1860, Can. Nat. & Geo.,

vol. 5, Sil. [Ety. proper name.]
insueta, Emmons, 1842, Geo. Rep. N. Y.,

Hud. Riv. and Cin'ti Gr. [Sig. un-
usual.]
1-sevis, see Pteronites leevis.
leptonota, Hall, 1843, Geo. Rep. 4th Disk

N. Y., Clinton Gr. [Ety. leptos, slen-
der; notos, back.]
limiformis, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,

Coralline limestone. [Sig. resembling

the genus Lima.]
longa, Geinitz, 1866, (Gervillia longa)

Carb. und Dyas in Neb., Coal Meas.

[Sig. long.]
longispina, see Pterinea longispina.
magna, Swallow, 1863, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., Low. Carb. [Sig. large.]
manticula, Conrad, 1842, Jour. Acad. Nat.

Sci., vol. 8, Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. a

little wallet.]
morganensis, Meek & Worthen, 1866,

(Pterinea morganensis) Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper

name.]
multilineata, Conrad, 1842, Jour. Acad.

Nat. Sci., vol. 8, Chemung Gr. [Sig.

many-lined.]
muricata, see Pteronites muricatus.
naviformis, Conrad, 1842, Jour. Acad.

Nat, Sci., Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. boat-
shaped.]
obliquata, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. oblique, slant-
ing.]
oblonga, see Aviculopecten oblongus.
obscura, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. obscure.]
orbicularis, Stevens, 1858, Am. Jour. Sci.,

vol, 25, 2d ser.,Coal Meas. The name

was preoccupied by Sowerby in 1839.

orbicidata, Hall, 1843, see Lyriopecten or-
bicularis.

orbiculata, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,
Niagara Gr. [Sig. orbicular.]

parilis, see Aviculopecten parilis.

pauciradiata, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol.
3, Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. few-rayed.]

pectiniformis, see Aviculopecten pectini-
formis.

perobliqua, Conrad, 1842, Jour. Acad.
Nat. Sci., vol. 8, Ham. Gr. [Sig. very
oblique.]

pleuroptera, Conrad, 1842, Jour. Acad.
Nat. Sci., vol. 8, Ham. Gr. [Sig. side-
winged.]

protexta, see Pterinea protexta.

quadnda, see Pterinea quadruln.

rectalaterarea, see Aviculopecten rectila-
terarius.

recticosta, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,
Oriskany sandstone. [Sig. having
straight cos tee.]

rhomboidea, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol.
2, Clinton Gr. [Sig. lozenge-shaped.]

rugosa, Conrad, 1841, Ann. Geo. Rep. N.
Y., Water Lime Gr. The name was
preoccupied by Munster in 1826.

scoharise, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,
Low. Held. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

securiformis, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol.

2, Coralline limestone. [Sig. axe-
shaped.]

securiformis, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3.

This name was preoccupied,
semielliptica, Shumard, 1858, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., Up. Coal Meas.

[Sig. half-elliptical.]
shawneensis, Shumard, 1858, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., Up. Coal Meas.

[Ety. proper name.]
shumardi, see Entolium shumardi.
signata, see Aviculopecten signatus.
speciosa, Hall, 1843, Geo. Rep. 4th Dist.

N. Y., Portage Gr. [Sig. beautiful.]
spinigera, see Pteronites spinigerus.
spinulifera, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. bearing spines.]
subaequilatera, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol.

3, Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. somewhat
equal-sided.]

subfalcata, Conrad, 1842, Jour. Acad.
Nat. Sci., vol. 8, Ham. Gr. [Sig.
somewhat sickle- shaped.]

subplana, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,
Niagara Gr. [Sig. somewhat flat.]

subquadrans, Conrad, 1842, Jour. Acad.
Nat. Sci., vol. 8, Up. Sil. [Sig. some-
what squared.]

mbrecta, Conrad, 1841, Ann. Rep. N. Y.,
Corralline limestone. See Pterinea
subrecta,

subrecta, Hall, 1852. See Aviculopecten
subrecta.

sulcata, Geinitz, 1866, (Gervillia sulcata)
Carb. und Dyas in Neb., Coal Meas.
If this form is properly referred to the
genus Avicula, then the name was
preoccupied by Reuss in 1843.

184

LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.

tenuilamellata, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y.,

vol. 3, Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. very thin-
plated.]
textilis, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3, Low.

Held. Gr. [Sig. woven.]
textilis var. arenaria, Hall, 1859, Pal. N.

Y., vol. 3, Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. sandy.]
trentonensis, Conrad, 1842, Jour. Acad.

Nat. Sci., vol. 8, Trenton Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
tricostata, Yanuxem, 1842, Geo. Pep. N.

Y., Chemung Gr. [Sig. three-ribbed.]
trilobata, Conrad. 1842, Jour. Acad. Nat.

Sci., vol. 8, Up. Sil. [Sig. three-lobed.]
triplistriata, Stevens, 1858, Am. Jour.

Sci., vol. 25, Coal Meas. [Sig. three-
lined.]
triquetra, Hall, 1843, Geo. Rep. N. Y.,

Onondaga Gr. [Sig. a triangle or

three-cornered figure.]
triradiata, Conrad, 1842, Geo. Rep. 3rd

Dist. N. Y., Portage Gr. [Sig. three-
plicated.]
tuberculata, .Conrad, 1838, Ann. Rep. N.

Y., Corniferous Gr. [Sig. tubercu-

lated.]
umbonata, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. protuberant.]
undata, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,

Niagara Gr. [Sig. wavy.]
welchi, James, 1874, Cin. Quar. Jour. Sci.,

vol. 1, Cin'ti Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
whitii, Winchell, 1863, Proc. Acad. Nat,

Sci., Chemung Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
Aviculopecten, McCoy, 1851, Ann. Mag.

Nat. Hist, 2nd series, vol. 7. [Ety.

Aviculopecten, from the resemblance to

the shells of the genera Avicula and

Pecten.]
acadicus, Hartt, 1868, Acad. Geol., Carb.

[Ety. proper name.]
acutialatus, Swallow, 1858, (Avicula acu-

tialata) Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci.,

Permian Gr. [Sig. sharp-winged.]
eequilaterus, Hall, 1843, (Avicula sequila-

tera) Geo. Rep. 4th Dist. N. Y., Up.

Held. Gr. and Marcellus shale. [Sig.

equal-sided.]
amplus, Meek & Worthen, 1860, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Keokuk Gr.
■ [Sig. full, large.]
armigerus, Harlan, 1835, (Pecten armige-

rus) Trans. Geo. Soc. Penn., Carb.

[Sig. armed.]
aviculatus, Swallow, 1858, (Pecten avicu-

latus) Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., Coal

Meas. [Sig. spread out like an Avicula.']
burlingtonensis, Meek & Worthen, 1860,

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Burlington Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
cancellatus, Hall, 1843, (Pecten cancel-

latus) Geo. Rep. 4th Dist. N. Y.,

Chemung Gr. [Sig. cancellated.]
carboniferus, Stevens, 1858, (Pecten car-

boniferus) Am. Jour. Sci. & Arts, Coal

Meas. [Sig. from the coal formation.]

caroli, Winchell, 1863, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci., Chemung Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
clevelandicus, Swallow, 1858, (Pecten

clevelandicus) Trans. St. Louis Acad.

Sci., Permian Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
coloradoensis, Newberry, 1861, Ives' Col.

Ex. Exped., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper

name.]
convexus, Hall, 1843, (Pecten convexus)

Geo. Rep. 4th Dist". N. Y., Chemung

Gr. [Sig. convex.]
cora, Dawson, 1868, Acad. Geol., Carb.

[Ety. mythological name.]
coreyanus, White, 1874, Rep. Invert.

Foss. [Ety. proper name.]
coxanus, Meek & Worthen, 1860, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Coal Meas.

[Ety. proper name.]
crassicostatus, Hall, 1872, 24th Beg. Rep.,

Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. thick-ribbed.]
crenistriatus, Meek, 1871, Proc. Acad.

'Nat. Sci. Phil., Waverly Gr. [Sig.

having crenulated strise.]
debertanus, Dawson, 1868, Acad. Geol.,

Carboniferous. [Ety. proper name.]
dolabriformis, Hall, 1843, (Pecten (?)

dolabriformis) Geo. Rep. 4th Dist. N.

Y., Chemung Gr. [Sig. resembling

a mattock or pick axe.]
duplicatus, Hall, 1843, (Pecten duplicatus)

Geo. Rep. 4th Dist. N. Y., Chemung

Gr. [Sig. doubled, folded in two.]
fra<rilis, Hall, 1843, (Avicula fragilis)

Geo. Rep. 4th Dist. N. Y., Genessee

slate. [Sig. frail, easily broken.]
glnber, see Pernopecten glaber.
gradicostus, White, 1862, Proc. Bost,

Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 9, Chemung Gr.

[Sig. ribbed in steps.]
halli, Swallow,1860, (Avicula halli) Trans.

St. Louis Acad. Sci., Coal Meas. [Ety.

proper name.]
hertzeri, Meek, 1875, Ohio Pal., vol. 2,

Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
indianensis, Meek & Worthen, 1866, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Keokuk Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
intercostalis, Winchell, 1866, Rep. Low.

Peninsula Mich., Ham. Gr. [Sig.

lined between costse.]
interlineatus, Meek & Worthen, 1860,

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Low. Coal

Meas. [Sig. interlined.]
konincki, Meek & Worthen, 1860, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Coal Meas.

[Ety. proper name.]
limaformie, see Pernopecten limiformis.
lyel'li, Dawson, 1868, Acad. Geol., Carb.

[Ety. proper name.]
maccoyi, Meek & Hayden, 1865, Pal.,Up.

Mo., Permian Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
missouriensis, Shumard, 1855, (Pecten

missouriensis) Geo. Rep. Mo., St. Louis

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
neglectus, Geinitz, 1866, (Pecten neglec-

tus) Carb. und Dyas in Neb., Coal

Meas. [Sig. overlooked.]

LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.

185

oblongus, Meek & Worthen, 1860, (Avic-
ula oblonga) Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Phil., Keokuk Gr. [Sig. oblong.]
occidentalis, Shumard, 1855, (Pecten oc-
cidentalis) Geo. Rep. Mo., Carbonifer-
ous & Permian. [Sig. western.]

occidentalis, Wincbell, 1863, Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci., Chemung Gr. This name
was preoccupied.

orbicidatus, see Lyriopecten orbiculatus.

oweni, Meek & Worthen, 1860, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Keokuk Gr.
[Ety. proper name.]

parilis, Conrad, 1842, (Avicula parilis)
Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., vol. 8,
Cornif. Gr. [Sig. equal, like.]

pecteniformis, Conrad, 1842, (Avicula
pecteniformis) Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
vol. 8, Up. Held. Gr. and Marcellus
shale. [Sig. like a Pecten.]

pellucidus, Meek & Worthen, 1860, Proc
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Coal Meas. [Sig
clear, transparent]

princeps, Conrad, Ham. Gr. [Sig. prin-
cipal.]

providencensis. Cox, 1857, (Pecten pro-
videncensis) Geo. Sur. Ky., vol. 3,
Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]

rectilaterarius, Cox, 1857, (Avicula rec-
talaterarea) Geo. Sur. Ky., vol. 3,
Coal Meas. [Sig. straight-sided.]

reticulatus, Dawson, 1868, Acad. Geol.,
Carboniferous. [Sig. reticulated.]

ringens, Swallow, 1858, (Pecten ringens)
Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., Permian
Gr. [Sig. gaping.]

rugfestriatus, Hall, 1843, (Lima rugse-
striata) Geo. Rep. 4th Dist. N. Y.,
Chemung Gr. [Sig. having wrinkled
strise.]

sanduskyensis, syn. for Aviculopecten par-
ilis.

signatus. Hall, 1843, (Avicula signata)
Geo. Rep. 4th Dist. N. Y., Chemung
Gr. [Sig. marked.]

simplex, Dawson, 1868, Acad. Geol., Car-
boniferous. [Sig. simple.]

striatus, Hall, 1843, (Pecten striatus) Geo.
Rep. 4th Dist. N. Y., Chemung Gr.
[Sig. striated.]

suborbicularis, Hall, 1843, (Pterinea sub-
orbicularis) Geo. Rep. 4th Dist. N. Y.,
Chemung Gr. [Sig. somewhat orbic-
ular.]

subrectus,Conrad, 1841, (Avicula subrecta)
Ann. Rep. N. Y., Coralline limestone.
[Sig. somewhat-straight.]

tenuicostus, Winchell, 1863, Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci., Chemung Gr. [Sig. slender-
ribbed.]

undulatus, Hall, 1877, Pal. N. Y, vol. 5,
Ham. Gr. [Sig. wavy.]

unionensis, Worthen, 1875, Geo. Sur. 111.,
vol. 6, Corniferous Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]

utahensis, Meek, 1860, (Pecten utahensis)
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Coal Meas.
[Ety. proper name.]
whitei, Meek, 1872, Pal. E. Neb., Coal

Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
williamsi, Meek, 1871, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci., Chouteau limestone. [Ety.
proper name.]
winchelli, Meek, 1875, Ohio Pal., vol. 2,
Waverly Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Aviculopinna, Meek, 1867, Am. Jour. Sci.,
vol. 44. [Ety. from the resemblance
to the genera Avicula and Pinna.']
americana, Meek, 1867, Am. Jour. Sci.,
vol. 44, Coal Meas. [Ety. proper
name.]
Axinus, Sowerby, 1821, Min. Conch., vol. 3.
[Ety. axine, battle-axe.] This genus
is unknown in palaeozoic rocks.
ovatus, see Schizodus ovatus.
securis, Shumard, 1859, Trans. St. Louia
Acad. Sci., Permian Gr. [Sig. axe or
hatchet-shaped.]
Bakevellia, King, 1849, Perm. Fobs. [Ety.
proper name.]
antiqua, Munster, 1826, (Avicula antiqua)
GoldfussGerm.Petref. Not American,
parva, Meek & Hayden, 1858, Trans. Alb.
Inst., vol. 4, Permian Gr. [Sig. small.]
(?) pulchra, Swallow, 1858, Trans. St.
Louis Acad. Sci., Permian Gr. [Sig.
beautiful.]
Cabbonarca, Meek & Worthen, 1870, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. [Ety. carbo,
coal; Area, a genus of shells; from
the minute teeth on the cardinal mar-
gin, as in Area.]
gibbosa, Meek & Worthen, 1870, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Coal Meas. [Sig.
gibbous.]
Cardinia, Agassiz, 1838, in Societ. Basil.
[Ety. cardo, the hinge of a door.]
sequimarginalis, Winchell, 1862, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci., Marshall Gr. [Sig.
equal-margined.]
antigonesensis, Dawson, 1868, Acad.Geo.,

Carb. [Ety. proper name.]
complanata, Winchell, 1862, Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci., Portage Gr. [Sig. smoothed.]
concentrica, Winchell, 1862, Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci., Marshall Gr. [Sig. con-
centric]
cordata, Swallow, 1858, Trans. St. Louis
Acad. Sci., Permian Gr. [Sig. heart-
like.]
(?) fragilis, Cox, 1857, Geo. Sur. Ky., vol.
3, Coal Meas. [Sig. frail, easily
broken.]
occidentalis, Swallow, 1860, Trans. St.
Louis Acad. Sci., Chemung Gr. [Sig.
western.]
subangulata, Swallow, 1858, Trans. St.
Louis Acad. Sci., Permian Gr. [Sig.
somewhat angular.]
subangidata, Dawson, 1868, Acad. Geol
This name was preoccupied.

186

LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.

Cardiola, Broderip, 1834, Trans. Geo. Soc.

[Ety. kardia, the heart.]
ckl

lincklaeni, Hall, 1877, Pal. N. Y., vol. 5,
Ham. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

radians, Hall, 1877, Pal. N. Y., vol. 5,
Ham. Gr. [Sig. radiated.]

speciosa, Hall, 1877, Pal. N. Y, vol. 5,
Genessee slate. [Sig. beautiful.]

ventricosa, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice
Lam. shells, Goniatite limestone. [Sig.
ventricose.]

vetusta, Hall, 1843, (Cardium vetustum)
Geo. Rep. 4th Dist. N. Y., Portage Gr.
[Sig. ancient.]
Cardiomorpha, DeKoninck, 1844, Anim.
Foss. Carb. Belg. [Ety. kardia, heart;
morphe, form.]

archiacana, Koninck, 1843, Desc. An.
Foss. Belg., Carboniferous. [Ety.
proper name.]

bellatula, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice Lam.
shells, Ham. Gr. [Sig. small and
beautiful.]

capuloides, Winchell, 1862, Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci., Marshall Gr. [Sig. resem-
bling a shell of the genus Capulus.}

eriopia, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice. Lam.
shells, Ham. Gr. [Ety. mytho. name.]

julia, Winchell, 1862, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci., Marshall Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

kansasensis, Swallow, 1858, Trans. St.
Louis Acad. Sci., Permian Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]

missouriensis, Shumard, 1858, Trans. St.
Louis Acad. Sci., Coal Meas. [Ety.
proper name.]

modiolaris, Winchell, 1862, Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci., Marshall Gr. [Sig. like a
shell of the genus Modiola.~\

(?) obliquata, Meek, 1872, Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci. Phil., Cin'ti Gr. [Sig. ob-
lique, slanting.]

ovata, see Dexiobia ovata.

parvirostris, White, 1862, Proc. Bost. Soc.
Nat. Hist, vol. 8, Kinderhook Gr.
[Sig. small-beaked.]

radiata, see Cardiopsis radiata.

(?) rhomboidea, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep.
Iowa, vol. 1, pt. 2, Kinderhook Gr.
See Cardiomorpha subrhomboidea.

(?) rhomboidea, Swallow, 1858, Trans. St.
Louis Acad. Sci., Permian Gr. [Sig.
rhomboidal.]

subglobosa, Meek, 1875, Ohio Pal., vol. 2,
Waverly Gr. [Sig. somewhat globose.]

suborbicularis, Hall, 1840,(Ungufina sub-
orbicularis) Geo. Rep. 4th Dist. N. Y.,
PortageGr. [Sig. somewhat orbicular.]

subrhomboidea, Hall, 1877, (Proposed
instead of Cypricardites rhomboidea,
in Geo. Rep. Iowa, which was preoc-
cupied) Kinderhook Gr. [Sig. some-
what rhomb-like.]

subtextilis, Hall, 1843, (Astarte subtex-
tilis) Geo. Rep. 4th Dist. N. Y., Port-
age Gr. [Sig. somewhat woven.]

textilis, Hall, 1877, Pal. N. Y, vol. 5,
Chemung Gr. [Sig. woven.]

triangulata, Swallow, 1860, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., Chemung Gr. [Sig.

three-cornered, triangular.]
trigonalis, Winchell, 1863, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci., Chemung. Gr. [Sig. tri-
angular.]
(?) vetusta, see Cypricardites vetustus.
vindobonensis, Hartt, 1868, Acad. Geol.,

Carboniferous. [Ety. proper name.]
Cardiopsis, Meek & Worthen, 1861, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. [Ety. kardia,

the heart; mm, appearance.]
• crassieostata, Hall, 1873, 24th Reg. Rep.

N. Y., Schoharie grit and Corniferous

limestone. [Sig. thick-ribbed.]
crenistriata, Winchell, 1862, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci., Marshall Gr. [Sig. having

wrinkled striae. ]
jejuna, Winchell, 1862, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci., Marshall Gr. [Sig. poor, con-
temptible.]
megambonata, Winchell, 1862, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci., Marshall Gr. [Sig.

having a great umbone.]
parvirostris, White, 1862, Proc. Bost.Soc.

Nat. Hist., vol. 9, Chemung Gr. [Sig.

small-beaked.]
radiata, Meek & Worthen, 1860, (Cardi-
omorpha radiata) Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci. Phil., Kinderhook Gr. [Ety.

from radiating strise.]
robusta, Hall, 1877, Pal. N. Y., vol. 5,

Schoharie grit and Portage Gr. [Sig.

robust.]
Cardium, Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., 10th

Ed. [Ety. kardia, the heart.]
iowensis, see Cypricardites iowensis.
lexingtonense, Swallow, 1858, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., Mid. Coal Meas.

[Ety. proper name.]
napoleonense, Winchell, 1862, Proc.Acad.

Nat. Sci., Marshall Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
(?) vetustum, see Cardiola vetusta.
Ch^enocardia, Meek & Worthen, 1869, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. [Ety. chaino, to gape ;

kardia, the heart.]
ovata, Meek & Worthen, 1869, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Coal Meas. [Sig.

ovate.]
Chjenomya, Meek, 1864, Pal. of Up. Mo.

[Ety. chaino, to open or gape ; Mya, a

genus of shells.]
cooperi, Meek & Hayden, 1858, (Panopsea

cooperi) Trans. Alb. Inst., vol. 4, Coal

Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
hybnda, see Allorisma hybrida.
leaven worthensis, Meek & Hayden, 1858,

(Allorisma leavenworthensis) Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Coal Meas.

[Ety. proper name.]
minnehaha, Swallow, 1858, (Allorisma (?)

minnehaha) Trans. St. Louis Acad.

Sci., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
rhomboidea, Meek & Worthen, 1865,

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., St. Louis

Gr. [Sig. rhomboidal — lozenge-
shaped.]

LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.

187

Cimitaria, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice Lam,
shells. [Ety. from resemblance to a
Cimitar.]

corrugata, Conrad, 1842, (Cypricardites
corrugata) Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol.
8, Ham. Gr. [Sig. corrugated.]
elongata, Conrad, 1841, (Cypricardites
elongatus) Ann. Rep. N. Y., Ham. Gr.
[Sig. elongated.]
recurva, Conrad, 1842, (Cypricardites re-
curva) Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. 8,
Ham. Gr. [Sig. recurved.]
Cleidophokus, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1.
[Ety. kleidos, a clavicle ; phoros, bear-
ing ; in allusion to the depression on
the side of the cast, anterior to the
beak, indicating an interior ridge in
each valve.]
concentricus, Hall, 1860, Can. Nat. & Geo.,
vol. 5, Low. Sit [Sig. marked with
concentric lines.]
concentricus, Dawson, 1868. The name

was preoccupied,
cuneatus, Hall, 1860, Can. Nat. & Geo.,
vol. 5, Low. Sil. [Sig. wedge-shaped.]
elongatus, Hall, 1860, Can. Nat. & Geo.,

vol. 5, Low. Sil. [Sig. elongated.]
erectus, Hall, 1860, Can. Nat. & Geo.,

vol. 5, Up. Sil. [Sig. erect.]
erectus, Dawson, 1868. The name was

preoccupied.

fabula, Hall, 1845, Am. Jour. Sci. & Arts,

vol. 43, (Nucula fabula) Cin'ti Gr.

[Sig. a little bean.]

macclwsneyanus, syn. for Modiolopsis recta.

neglectus, Hall, 18«2, Geo. Rep. Wis.,

Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. overlooked.]
nuculiformis, Hall, 1860,Can. Nat. & Geo.,
vol. 5, Up. Sil. [Sig. like a shell of
the genus Nuctda.]
oblongus, Hall, 1843, (Nucula oblonga)
Geo. Rep. 4th Dist. N. Y., Ham. Gr.
[Sig. oblong.]
planulatus, Conrad, 1841, (Nuculites
planulatus) Ann. Rep. N. Y., Hud.
Riv. Gr. [Sjg. flattened.]
semiradiatus, Hall, 1860, Can. Nat. & Geo.,

vol. 5, Low. Sil. [Sig. half-rayed.]
solenoides, see Solenopsis solenoides.
subovatus, Hall, 1860, Can. Nat. & Geo.,
vol. 5, Low. Sil. [Sig. somewhat ovate.]
Clixopistha, Meek & Worthen, 1870, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. [Ety. klino, I
lean ; opisihe, backwards.]
antiqua, Meek, 1871, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Phil., Corniferous Gr. [Sig. ancient.]
kevis, Meek & Worthen, 1870, Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci. Phil., Coal Meas. [Sig.
smooth.]
radiata, Hall, 1858, (Edmondia radiata)
Geo. Rep. Iowa, Coal Meas. [Sig. ra-
diated.]
Conocardium, Bronn, 1835, Leth. Geo. [Ety.
konos, a cone; kardia, the heart.]
acadianum, Hartt, 1868, Acad. Geol., Carb.

[Ety. proper name.]
sequilaterale, Hall, 1858, Trans. Alb. Inst,
vol. 4, Warsaw Gr. [Sig. equal-sided, j

attenuatum, Conrad, 1842, (Pleurorhyn-

chus attenuatus) Jour. Acad. Nat.Sci.,

vol. 8, Up. Sil. [Sig. drawn out.]
bifarium, Winchell, 1856, Rep. Low. Pen-
insula Mich., Ham. Gr. [Sig. double.]
blumenbachium, see Euchasma blumen-

bachi.
carinatum, Hall, 1858, Trans. Alb. Inst.,

vol. 4, Warsaw Gr. [Sig. keeled.]
catastomum, Hall, 1858, Trans. Alb. Inst.,

vol. 4, Warsaw Gr. [Sig. gaping at

the lower end.]
crassifrons, Conrad, 1842, (Pleurorhyn-

chus crassifrons) Jour. Acad. Nat.Sci.,

vol. 8, Ham. Gr. [Sig. thick front.]
cuneatum, Hall, 1858, Trans. Alb. Inst.,

vol. 4, Warsaw Gr. [Sig. wedge-
shaped.]
cuneus, Conrad, 1840, (Pleurorhynchus

cuneus) Ann. Rep. N. Y., Up. Held.

Gr. [Sig. a wedge.]
eboraceum, Hall, 1860, 13th Reg. Rep.,

Ham. Gr. [Ety. Eboracum, York.]
elegantulum, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil.

Foss. Antic, Anticosti Gr. [Sig. quite

handsome.]
emmetense, Winchell, 1866, Rep. Low.

Peninsula Mich., Ham. Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
immaturum, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss.,

vol. 1, Black Riv. Gr. [Sig. immature.]
inceptum, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. a beginning.]
meekanum, Hall, 1858, Trans. Alb. Inst.,

vol. 4, Warsaw Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
niagarense, Winchell & Marcy, 1865,

Mem. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist, Niagara

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
obliquum, Meek & Worthen, 1865, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Coal Meas. [Sig.

oblique, slanting.]
ohioense, Meek, 1871, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci. Phil., Corniferous Gr. [Ety.

proper name.] .

ornatum, Winchell & Marcy, 1865, Mem.

Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., Niagara Gr. [Sig.

adorned.]
prattenanum, Hall, 1858, Trans. Alb.

Inst., vol. 4, Warsaw Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
trigonale, Hall, 1843, (Pleurorhynchus tri-

gonalis) Geo. Rep. 4th Dist. N. Y.,

Corniferous Gr. [Sig. triangular.]
ventricosum, Hall, 1860, 13th Reg. Rep.

N. Y., Ham. Gr. [Sig. ventricose.]
vomer, Conrad, 1842, (Pleurorhynchus
vomer) Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. 8,

Devonian. [Sig. a plough-share.]
Ctenodonta, Salter, 1851. Syn. for Tellinomya.
abrupta, see Tellinomya abrupta.
angela, see Tellinomya angela.
astartiformis, see Tellinomya astartiformis.
contracta, see Tellinomya contracta.
gibberula, see Tellinomya gibberula.
hartsvillensis, see Tellinomya hartsvillensis.
hubbardi, syn. for Nuculites sulcatinus.
iphigenia, see Tellinomya iphigenia.
logani, see Tellinomya logani.

LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.

Cucullza, Lamarck, 1801, Syst. An. [Ety.

Cucullus, a hood.]
opima, syn. for Nucula lirata.
Cuneamya, Hall & Whitfield, 1875, Ohio

Pal., vol. 2. [Ety. cuneus, a wedge ;

Mva, a genus of shells.]
miamiensis, Hall & Whitfield, 1875, Ohio

Pal., vol. 2, Cin'ti Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
scapha, Hall & Whitfield, 1875, Ohio Pal.,

vol. 2, Cin'ti Gr. [Sig. a skiff or boat]
Cvcloconcha, S. A. Miller, 1874, Cin. Quar.

Jour. Sci., vol. 1. [Ety. in allusion

to the nearly circular form of the

shell.]
mediocardinalis, S. A. Miller, 1874, Cin.

Quar. Jour. Sci., vol. 1, Cin'ti Gr.

[Ety. in allusion to the position of the

cardinal teeth near the middle of the

hinge line.]
Cypbicardia, Lamarck, 1801, Syst. An. sans

Vert. [Ety. from the two genera

Oyprina and Cardium.}
aiata, see Modiomorpha alata.
angusta, see Cypricardites angustus.
angustata, see Cypricardites angustatus.
chouteauensis, Swallow, 18(53, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., Chemung Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
contracts, see Cypricardites contractus,
indianensis, Hall, 1858, Trans. Alb. Inst,

vol. 4, Warsaw Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
insecta, Dawson, 1868, Acad. Geol., Car-
boniferous. [Sig. cut into.]
leidyi, Lea, see Leaia leidyi.
obsokta, see Cypricardites obsoletus.
occidentalis, Hall, 1»52, Statis. Ex. to

Great Salt Lake, Coal Meas. [Sig.

wpstcrn "1
occidentalis, Swallow, 18 6 3, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., Carb. This name

was preoccupied,
pikensis, Swallow, 1863, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper

name.]
plicatula, Swallow, 1858, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., Mid. Coal Meas. [Sig.

having small plications.]
rhembea, see Cypricardites rhombeus.
rigidi, see Sanguinolites rigidi.
Bhumardana, Swallow, 1863, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., Low. Carb. [Ety.

proper name.]
subplana, Hall, 1858, Trans. Alb. Inst.,

vol. 4, Warsaw Gr. [Sig. somewhat

flat]
ventricosa, Hall, 1860, 13th Reg. Rep.

N. Y., Ham. Gr. [Sig. ventricose.]
wheeleri, see Schizodus wheeleri.
Cypbicardella, Hall, 1858, Trans. Alb.

Inst, vol. 4. [Ety. diminutive of

Oypricardia.}
nucleata, Hall, 1858, Trans. Alb. Inst,

vol. 4, Warsaw Gr. [Sig. like a kernel.]
oblonga, Hall, 1858, Trans. Alb. Inst.,

vol. 4, Warsaw Gr. [Sig. oblong.]

plicata, Hall, 1858, Trans. Alb. Inst., vol.
4, Warsaw Gr. [Sig. folded, plicated.!

subelliptica, Hall, 1858, Trans. Alb. Inst.^
vol. 4, Warsaw Gr. [Sig. somewhat
elliptical.]
Cypricardinia, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol.
3. [Ety. Cypricardinia, from its re-
semblance to Cypricardia.}

arata, Hall, 1867. 20th Reg. Rep. N. Y.,
Niagara Gr. [Sig. plowed.]

carbonaria, Meek, 1871, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phil., Coal Meas. [Sig. pertain-
ing to coal.]

concentrica, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,
Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. from the con-
centric ridges that mark the surface.]

crassa, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol.3, Low.
Held. Gr. [Sig. thick, from the thick

(?) cylindrica, Hall, 1872, 24th Reg. Rep.
N. Y., Corniferous Gr. [Sig. cylin-
drical.]

distincta, Billings, 1874, Pal. Foss., vol. 2,
Devonian. [Sig. distinct.]

dorsata, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,
Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. high-backed.]

indenta, Conrad, 1842, (Cypricardites in-
denta) Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. 8,
Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. indented.]

inflata, Emmons, 1842, (Nuculitesinflata)
Emmons' Geo. Rep. N. Y., Trenton
Gr. [Sig. swollen out, inflated.]

inflata war. subsequivalvis, Hall, 1872, 24th
Reg. Rep. N. Y., Up. Held. Gr. [Sig.
valves somewhat equal.]

lamellosa, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,
Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. in allusion to
the distant lamellae on the surface.]

planulata, Conrad, 1842, (Pterinea planu-
lata) Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. 8, Low.
Held. Gr. [Sig. flattened.]

pygmsea, Conrad, 1842, (Pterinea pyg-
msea) Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. 8, Up.
Held. Gr. [Sig. a pigmy, very small.]

sublamellosa, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol.
3, Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. somewhat
lamellose; from the concentric strise
on the surface.]
Cypricardites, Conrad, 1841, Ann. Geo. Rep.
N. Y. [Ety. from resemblance to the
genus Cypricardia.]

acutumbonus, Billings, 1866, (Cyrtodonta
acutumbona) Catal. Sil. Foss. Antic,
Anticosti Gr. [Ety. from the strongly
carinatetl, or sharp-keeled umbones.]

alta, see Modiomorpha alta.

alveatus,Conrad, 1843,Geo. Rep. 3rd Dist.
N. Y., Ham. Gr. [Sig. hollowed out.]

amygdalinus, Hall, 1847, (Ambonychia
amygdalina) Pal. N. Y., vol. 1, Black
Riv. and Trenton Gr. [Sig. like an
almond.]

angustus, Hall, 1843, (Cypricardia angus-
ta) Geo. Rep. 4th Dist. N. Y., Clinton
Gr. [Sig. narrow, slender.]

angustatus, see Modiomorpha angustata.

angustifrons, syn. for Modiolopsis modiol-

LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.

anodontoides, see Modiolopsis anodon-

toides.
anticostiensis, Billings, 1866, (Cyrtodonta

(?) anticostiensis) Catal. Sil. Foss.

Antic, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
bayfieldi, Billings, 1858, (Vanuxemia bay-

fieldi) Can. Nat. & Geo. vol. 4, Hud.

Riv. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
bimlcata, see Grammysia bisulcata.
breviusculus, Billings, 1859, (Cyrtodonta

breviuscula) Can. Nat. & Geo., vol. 4,

Chazy Gr. [Sig. very sbort.]
canadensis, Billings, 1858, (Cyrtodonta

canadensis) Can. Nat. & Geo., vol. 3,

Black Riv. & Trenton Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
carinatus, see Sanguinolites carinatus.
cannabis, Meek, 1872, (Dolabra carinata)

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Cin'ti Gr.

This name was preoccupied,
cariniferus, Conrad, 1842, Jour. Acad.

Nat. Sci., vol. 8, Chemung Gr. [.Sig.

bearing a ridge; from the strongly

carinated umbonal slope.]
catekillensis, see Modiomorpha catskill-

ensis.
chemungensis, see Sanguinolites chemung-

ensis.
ccmcntrica,see Modiomorpha concentrica.
contractus, Hall, 1843, (Cvpricardia con-

tracta) Geo. Rep. 4th Dist. N. Y.,

Low. Carb. [Sig. contracted.]
cordiformis, Billings, 1858, (Cyrtodonta

cordiformis) Can. Nat. & Geo., vol. 3,

Black Riv. & Trenton Gr. [Sig. heart-
shaped.]
corrugatus, Conrad, 1842, Jour. Acad.

Nat. Sci., vol. 8, Ham. Gr. [Sig.

wrinkled.]
curtus, Conrad, 1841, Ann. Rep. N. Y.,

Cin'ti Gr. [Sig. short,]
dixonensis, Meek & Worthen, 1866, Proc.

Chi. Acad. Sci., vol. 1, Trenton Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
elongatus, Conrad, 1841, Ann. Rep. N.

Y., Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. elongated.]
emma, Billings, 1862, (Cvrtodonta emma)

Pal. Foss., vol. 1, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
ferrugineus, Hall & Whitfield, 1875, Ohio

Pal., vol. 2, Clinton Gr. [Sig. of the

color of rusty iron; from iron ore beds.]
ganti, Saffbrd, 1869, (Cvrtodonta ganti)

Geo. of Tenn., Trenton & Hud. Riv.

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
hainesi, S. A. Miller, 1874, Cin. Quar.

Jour.Sci.,vol. 1, Cin'ti Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
harrietta, Billings, 186 2, (Cyrtodonta

harrietta) Pal. Foss., vol. 1, Hud. Riv.

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
haynanus, Safford, 1869, (Cyrtodonta

hayniana) Geo. of Tenn., Trenton &

Hud. Riv. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
hindi, Billings, 1862, (Cyrtodonta hindi)

Pal. Foss., vol. 1, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]

huronensis, Billings, 1858, (Cyrtodonta
huronensis) Can. Nat. & Geo., vol. 3,
Black Riv. and Trenton Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]

inconstans, Billings, 1858, (Vanuxemia
inconstans) Can. Nat. & Geo., vol. 3,
Chazy Gr. [Sig. changing.]

indenta, see Cypricardinia indenta.

inflatus, Conrad, 1842, Jour. Acad. Nat.
Sci., vol. 8, Onondaga Gr. [Sig. in-
flated.]

insularis, Billings, 1866, (Cyrtodonta in-
sularis) Catal. Sil. Foss. Antic, Hud.
Riv. Gr. [Sig. belonging to an island.]

islandicus, Hall, 1877, (Proposed here in-
stead of Cypricardites ventricosus, Hall,
1859) Low*. Held. Gr. [Ety. from the
type locality, St. Joseph's Island.]

iowensis, Owen, 1840, Rep. on Mineral
lands, Calciferous Gr. [Ety. proper
name.] '

latus, Hall, 1847, (Modiolopsis latus) Pal.
N. Y, vol. 1, Trenton Gr. [Sig. wide.]

leucothea, Billings, 18 62, (Cyrtodonta
leucothea) Pal. Foss., vol. 1, Black
Riv. Gr. [Ety. mythological name.]

marcellensis, see Lunulacardium marcell-
ense.

modiolaris, Emmons, syn. for Modiolopsis
nasuta.

montrealensis, Billings, 1859, (Vanux-
emia montrealensis) Can. Nat. & Geo.,
vol. 4, Chazy Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

mytiloides, Conrad, 1841, Ann. Rep. N.
Y., Ham. Gr. [Ety. from the resem-
blance to Mytilns.']

nasutus, see Modiolopsis nasuta.

niota, Hall, 1861, Geo. Rep. Wis., Trenton
Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

obliquus, Meek & Worthen, 1868, Geo.
Sur. 111., vol. 3, Galena Gr. [Sig. ob-
lique, slanting.]

oblongus, syn. for Modiomorpha concen-
trica.

obsoletus, Hall, 1843, (Cvpricardia obso-
leta) Geo. Rep. 4th Dist. N. Y., Clin-
ton Gr. [Sig. obsolete.]

obtusus, Hall, 1847, (Ambonychiaobtusa)
Pal. N. Y., vol. 1, Black Riv. and
Trenton Gr. [Sig. obtuse.]

ovata, syn. for Modiolopsis modiolaris.

plebeius, Billings, 1866, (Cyrtodonta ple-
beia) Catal. Sil. Foss. Antic, Hud.
Riv. Gr. [Sig. common.]

ponderosus, Billings, 1862, (Cyrtodonta
ponderosa) Pal. Foss., vol. 1, Hud.
Riv. Gr. [Sig. thick, heavy.]

quadrilateralis, Hall, 1867, 20th Reg. Rep.
N. Y., Niagara Gr. [Sig. four-sided.]

radiatus, Conrad, 1841, Ann. Rep. N. Y.,
Ham. Gr. [Ety. from the radiating
striae.]

rectus, Conrad, 1841, Ann. Rep. N. Y.,
Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. straight.]

rectirostris, Hall, 1861, Geo. Rep. Wis.,
Trenton Gr. [Sig. straight-beaked.]

recurvus, Conrad, 1842, Jour. Acad. Nat.
Sci., vol. 8, Ham. Gr. [Sig. recurved.]

190

LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.

rhombeus, Hall, 1843,(Cypricardia rhom-

bea) Geo. Rep. 4th Dist. N. Y., Low.

Carb. [Sig. rhomboidal.]
rotundatus, Hall, 1861, Geo. Rep. Wis.,

Trenton Gr. [Sig. rounded.]
rugosus, Billings, 1858, (Cyrtodonta ru

gosa) Can. Nat. & Geo., vol. 3, Black

Riv. Gr. [Sig. wrinkled.]
rugosa, see Goniophora rugosa.
saffordi, Hall, 1852, (Pakearca saffordi

12th Reg. Rep., Low. Held. Gr. [Ety

proper name.]
sectifrons, see Phthonia sectifrons.
sigmoideus, Billings, 1859, (Cyrtodonta

sigmoidea) Can. Nat. & Geo., vol. 3,

Black Riv. Gr. [Sig. like the Greek

letter Sigma.] [toides.

sinuata, syn. for Modiolopsis anodon-
spiniferus, Billings,1858, (Cyrtodonta spi-

nifera) Can. Nat. & Geo., vol. 3, Black

Riv. Gr. [Sig. bearing spines.]
sterlingensis, Meek & Worthen, 1866,

(Dolabra sterlingensis) Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci. Phil.,Cin'tiGr. [Ety. proper

name.]
subalatus. see Modiomorpha subalata.
subangulatus, Hall, 1847, (Edmondia

subangulata) Pal. N. Y., vol. 1, Black

Riv. and Trenton Gr. [Sig. somewhat

angular.]
subcarinatus, Billings, 1858, (Cyrtodonta

subcarinata) Can. Nat. & Geo., vol. 3,

Black Riv. Gr. [Sig. somewhat cari-

nated.]
subspatulatus, Hall, 1847, '(Modiolopsis

subspatulata) Pal. N. Y., vol. 1, Black

Riv. & Trenton Gr. [Sig. somewhat

spatula-shaped.]
subtentus, Conrad, 1843, Geo. Rep. 3rd

Dist. N. Y., Ham. Gr. [Sig. some-
what curved.]
subtruncatus, Hall, 1847, (Edmondia sub-
. truncata) Pal. N. Y., vol. 1., Black

Riv. & Trenton Gr. [Sig. somewhat

truncated.]
truncatus, see Sanguinolites truncatus.
ungulatus, Billings, 186 6, (Cyrtodonta

ungulata) Catal. Sil. Foss. Antic,

Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. having claws.]
ventricosus, Hall, 1847, (Edmondia ven-

tricosa) Pal. N. Y., vol. 1, Trenton Gr.

[Sig. bulging out,]
ventricosus, Hall, 1859, (Palrearca ventri-

cosa) Pal. N.Y, vol. 3, Low. Held. Gr.

This name was preoccupied. See

Cypricardites islandicus.
vetustus, Hall, 1847, (Cardiomorpha ve-

tusta) Pal. N. Y., vol. 1, Trenton Gr.

[Sig. ancient,]
winchelli, Safford, 1869, (Cyrtodonta

winchelli) Geo. Tenn., Trenton and

Hud. Riv. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Cyrtodonta, syn. for Cypricardites.

acutumbona, see Cypricardites acutum

bonus.
anticostiensis, see C. anticostiensis.
brevimcula, see C. breviusculus.
canadensis, see C. canadensis.

cordiformis, see C. cordiformis.
emma, see C. em ma.
ganti, see C. ganti.
harrietta, see C. harrietta.
hayniana, see C. haynanus.
hindi, see C. hindi.
huronensis, see C. huronensis.
insularis, see C. insularis.
leueothea, see C. leucothea.
normanensis, Safford. Not defined.
plebeia, see Cypricardites plebeius.
ponderosa, see C. ponderosus.
rugosa, see C. rugosus.
saffordi, see C. saffordi.
sigmoidea, see C. sigmoideus.
• spinifera, see C. spiniferusr
subcarinata, see C. subcarinatus.
ungulata, see C. ungulatus.
urinchelli, see C. winchelli.
Cytherodon, Hall. 1873, in 23rd Reg. Rep.

N. Y. [Ety. Cythere, a genus of shells ;

odous, a tooth.]
appressus, Conrad, (Nuculites appressa)

1842, Jour. Acad. Nat, Sci., vol. 8,

Ham. Gr. [Sig. pressed together.]
(?) placidus, Billings, 1874, Pal. Foss.,

vol. 2, Up. Sil. [Sig. smooth.]
socialis, Billings, 1874, Pal. Foss., vol. 2,

Up. Sil. [Sig. social, clustered to-
gether.]
tumidus, Hall, 1870, (Schizodus tumidus)

Prelim. Notice Lam. shells, etc., Up.

Held. Gr. [Sig. swollen, tumid.]
Dexiobia, Winchell, 1863, Proc. Acad. Nat,

Sci. [Ety. dexios, on the right side ;

bia, strength.]
halli, Winchell, 1863, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci., Chemung Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
ovata, Hall, 1858, (Cardiomorpha ovata)

Geo. Rep. Iowa, Kinderhook Gr.

[Sig. ovate.]
whitei, Winchell, 1863, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci., Chemung Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
Dolabra, McCoy, 1844, Syn. Carb. Foss.

Ireland. [Ety. dolabra, a mattock or

pick axe.]
alpina, Hall, 1858, Geo. Rep. Iowa, Coal

Meas. [Sig. alpine.]
carinata, see Cypricardites carinatus.
sterlingensis, see Cypricardites sterling-
ensis.
Dystactella, Hall, 1877, Pal. N. Y., vol. 5.

[Ety. dijstaLios, hard to arrange.]
subnasuta,' Hall, 1877, Pal. N. Y., vol. 5,

Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. somewhat nasute.]
Edmondia, DeKoninck, 1844, Desc. Anim.

Foss., Carb. Belg. [Ety. proper name.]
anomala, Dawson, 1868, Acad. Geo., Carb.

[Sig. irregular, out of order.]
aspen wallensis, Meek, 1871, Hayden's

Rep. Sur. Wyoming, Coal Meas. [Ety.

proper name.]
bicarinata, Winchell, 1863, Proc. Acad.

Nat, Sci., Chemung Gr. [Sig. double-
keeled.] Prof. Hall regards this as a

syn. for Sanguinolites rigidus.

LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.

191

binumbonata, Winchell, 1862, Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci., Marshall Gr. [Sig. having
double umbones.]

burlingtonensis, White & Whitfield, 1802,
Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 8,
Kinderhook Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

caUiouni, see Pleurophorus calhouni.

concentrica, see Astartella concentrica.

depressa, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice Lam.
shells, Waverlv Gr. [Sig. depressed.]

elliptica, Winchell, 1803, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci., Chemung Gr. [Sig. elliptical.]

gibbosa, Swallow, 1858, Trans. St. Louis
Acad. Sci., Permian Gr. [Sig. gib-
bous, tumid.]

glabra, Meek, 1872, Pal. E. Neb., Coal
Meas. [Sig. smooth.]

hartti, Dawson, 1808, Acad. Geol., Carb.
[Ety. proper name.]

hawni, Swallow, 1858, Trans. St. Louis
' Acad. Sci., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper
name.]

inlesi, Winchell & Marcy, 1805, Proc.
Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., Niagara Gr.
[Ety. proper name.]

ledoides, Winchell, 1800, Eep. Low. Pen-
insula Mich., Ham. Gr. [Sig. re-
sembling a shell of the genus Leda.]

mactroides, Winchell, 1800, Rep. Low.
Peninsula Mich., Ham. Gr. [Sig. re-
sembling a shell of the genus Mactra.]

marionensis, Swallow, 1800, Trans. St.
Louis Acad. Sci., Chemung Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]

nebrascensis, Geinitz, 1806, Carb. und
Dyas in Neb., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper
name.]

nilesi, Winchell & Marcy, 1865, Proc.
Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., Niagara Gr.
[Ety. proper name.]

nitida, Winchell, 1863, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci., Chemung Gr. [Sig. smooth,
neat.]

nuptialis, Winchell, 1863, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci., Chemung Gr. [Sig. nuptial.]

otoensis, Swallow, 1858, Trans. St. Louis
Acad. Sci., Permian Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]

peroblonga, Meek& Worthen, 1866, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Coal Meas. [Sig.
somewhat oblong.]

philipi, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice Lam.
shells, Chemung Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]

radiata, see Clinopistha radiata.

reflexa, Meek, 1872, Pal. E. Neb., Coal
Meas. [Sig. turned back, reversed.]

rhomboidea, Hall, 1877, Pal. N.Y., vol. 5,
Chemung Gr. [Sig. rhomboidal.]

semiorbiculata, Swallow, 1858, Trans. St.
Louis Acad. Sci., Permian Gr. [Sig.
half orb-shaped.]

strigillata, Winchell, 1863, Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci., Chemung Gr. [Sig. fur-
rowed.]

subangulata, see Cypricardites subangu-
latus.

subtruncata, Hall, 1847, see Cypricardites
subtruncatus.

subtruncata, Meek, 1872, Pal. E. Neb.,
Coal Meas. [Sig. somewhat trun-
cated.]

tapetiformis, Meek, 1875, (E. tapesiformis)
Ohio Pal., vol. 2, Waverly Gr. [Ety.
tapet, a carpet; formis, like.]

undulata, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice Lam.
shells, Chemung Gf. [Sig. undulated.]

unioniformis, Phillips, 1830, (Isocardia
unioniformis) Geol. Yorkshire, vol. 2,
Carboniferous. [Sig. resembling the
shell of the genus Unio.']

ventricosa, Hall, see Cypricardites ventri-
cosus.
Extolium, Meek, 1804, Cal. Geo. Sur., vol.
2. [Ety. enlos, inside; Irion, smooth.]

avicula, Swallow, 1858, (Pecten avicu-
lus) Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., Coal
Meas. [Sig. like a shell of the genus
Avicula.~\

cooperensis, Shumard, 1855, (Avicula
cooperensis) Low. Carb. [Ety. proper
name.]
Eoptkria, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1.
[Ety. eos, dawn ; pteron, a wing.] Prof.
Billings says if Euchasma is the same
as Eopteria, then he desires Eopteria to
be withdrawn from science.

(?) ornata, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol.
1, Quebec Gr. [Sig. adorned.]

richardsoni, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss.,vol.
1, Quebec Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

typica, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,
Quebec Gr. [Ety. type of the genus.]
Euchasma, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1.
< [Ety. eu, well ; chasma, a hollow.]

blumenbachi, Billings, 1859, (Conocar-
dium blumenbachi) Can. Nat. & Geo.,
vol. 4, Quebec Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]
ErciioxnKiA, Meek, 1874, Am. Jour. Sci.,
3rd series, vol. 7, a subgeneric name
proposed for Avicidopecten neglectus, on
account of its peculiar hinge line.
Eumkrotis, syn. for Pseudomonotis.

curia, see Pseudomonotis curta.

hawni, see Pseudomonotis hawni.

Imwni var. ovata, see Pseudomonotis
hawni var. ovata.

limuni var. sinuata, see Pseudomonotis
hawni var. sinuata.
Exochorhynchus, Meek, 1864, Pal. Up. Mo.
[Ety. exochos, prominent ; rhynchos,
beak.] This name was suggested as
a probable genus or subgenus to in-
clude iSedyivtckia altirodratu.
Gervillia, DeFrance, 1820, Diet. Sci. Nat.,
xviii. [Ety. proper name.] This
genus is probably unknown in the
palaeozoic rocks.

auricula, Stevens, 1858, Am. Jour. Sci.,
vol. 25, Coal Meas. [Sig. the ear lap.]

longa, see Avicula longa.

Umgispina, see Monopteria longispina.

192

LAMELLIBRA NCHI ATA.

strigosa, White, 1862, Proc. Bost. Soc.

Nat, Hist., vol. 9, Chemung Gr. [Sig.

lean, thin.] This species may belong

to the genus Bakevellia.
sulcata, see Avicnla sulcata.
Goniophora, Phillips, 1848. [Ety. gonia, an

mgle; phoros, bearing.] Ooniophorus
was used by Agassiz for a genus of
Echinoderms in 1840.

acuta, Hall, 1877, Pal. N. Y., vol. 5, Ham.
Gr. [Sig. acute.]

bellula, Billings, 1874, Pal. Foss., vol. 2,
"Up. Sil. [Sig. small and beautiful.]

consimilis, Billings, 1874, Pal. Foss., vol.
2, Up. Sil. [Sig. very like, just such
another.]

glabra, Hall, 1877, Pal. N. Y., vol. 5,
Chemung Gr. [Sig. smooth.]

hamiltonensis, Hall, 1870, (Sanguinolites
hamiltonensis) Prelim. Notice Lam.
Shells, Ham. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

mediocris, Billings, 1874, Pal. Foss., vol.
2, Up. Sil. [Sig. middling.]

perangulata, Hall, 1877, Pal. N. Y., vol. 5,
Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. very angular.]

rugosa, Conrad, 1841, (Cypricardites ru-
gosa) Ann. Rep. N. Y., Ham. Gr.
[Sig. wrinkled.]

transiens, Billings, 1874, Pal. Foss., vol.
2, Up. Sil. [Sig. transient, passing.]
Gkammysia, DeVerneuil, 1847, Bull. Soc.
Geo. France. [Ety. gramme, a line of
writing; Mys, a mussel shell, in allu-
sion to the transverse furrows which
cross the valves from the umbones to
the middle of the ventral margin.]

acadica, Billings, 1874, Pal. Foss., vol. 2,
Up. Sil. [Ety. proper name.]

alveata, Conrad, 184l,(Posidonia alveata)
Ann. Rep. N. Y., Ham. Gr. [Sig.
hollowed out.]

arcuata, Conrad, 1841, (Posidonia arcuata)
Ann. Rep. N. Y., Ham. Gr. [Sig.
arched.]

bisulcata, Conrad, 1838, (Pterinea bisul-
cata, 1841,) (Cypricardites bisulcata)
Ann. Rep. N. Y. , Ham. Gr. [Sig. two-
furrowed.]

canadensis, Billings, 1874, Pal. Foss., vol.
2, Up. Sil. [Ety. proper name.]

chemungensis, Pitt, 1874, Buff. Soc. Nat.
Hist., Chemung Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]

circularis, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice Lam.
shells, Ham. and Chemung Gr. [Sig.
circular.]

constricta, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice Lam.
shells, Ham. Gr. [Sig. constricted.]

elliptica, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice Lain.
shells, Chemung Gr. [Sig. elliptical.]

erecta, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice Lam.
shells, Ham. Gr. [Sig. erect.]

globosa, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice Lam.
shells, Ham. Gr. [Sig. globose.]

hamiltonensw, syn. for G. bisulcata.

hannibalensis, Shumard, 1855, (Allorisma
hannibalensis) Geo. Sur. Mo., Kinder-
hook Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

lirata, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice Lam.

shells, Ham. Gr. [Sig. furrowed.]
magna, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice Lam.

shells, Ham. Gr. [Sig. large.]
nodocostata, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice

Lam. shells, Ham. Gr. [Sig. having

nodes on the ribs.]
obsoleta, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice Lam.

shells, Ham. Gr. [Sig. obsolete.]
parallela, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice Lam.

shells, Ham. Gr. [Sig. parallel.]
precursor, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice Lam.

shells, Schoharie grit. [Sig. a fore-
runner.]
remota, Billings, 1874, Pal. Foss., vol. 2,

Up. Sil. [Sig. remote.]
rhomboidalis, Meek & Worthen, 18G5,

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Ham. Gr.

[Sig. rhomboidal.]
rhomboides, Meek, 1871, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci. Phil., Waverly Gr. [Sig. rhomb-
like.]
rustica, Billings, 1874, Pal. Foss., vol. 2,

Up. Sil. [Sig. rough, rustic]
secunda, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice Lam.

shells, Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. following.]
subarcuata, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice

Lam. shells, Chemung Gr. [Sig.

somewhat like G. arcuata.']
ventricosa, Meek, 1871, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci. Phil., Waverly Gr. [Sig. ventri-

cose.]
Gryphorhynchus, Meek, 1864, Am. Jour. Sci.

Not denned.
Ilionia, Billings, 1875, Can. Nat. & Geol.

[Ety. proper name.]
canadensis, Billings, 1875, Can. Nat. &

Geol., Corniferous Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
sinuata, Hall, 1859, (Anatina sinuata) Pal.

N. Y., vol. 3, Low. Held. Gr. [Sig.

wavy.]
Inoceramus, Sowerby, 1818, Min. Conch., vol.

2. This genus is unknown in Amer-
ican palaeozoic rocks.
chemungensis, see Mytilarca chemungensis.
mytilimeris, see Mytilarca mytilimeris.
oviformis, see Mytilarca oviform is.
Ischyrinia, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.

Antic. [Ety. kchyros, strong.]
plicata, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.

Antic, Anticosti Gr. [Sig. folded.]
winchelli, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.

Antic, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
Isocardia, Klein, 1753, Tent. Meth. Ostr.

[Ety. isos, like; kardia, the heart.]

This is an existing littoral genus that

burrows in the sand. It is not known

in the palaeozoic rocks.
(?) curta, Shumard, 1858, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Nat. Sci., Chemung Gr. [Sig.

short.]
jenme, Winchell, 1863, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci., Chemung Gr. [Ety. * proper

name.]
unioniformis, see Edmondia unioniformis,

LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.

193

Leda, Schumacher, 1817, syn. for Nuculana.
barrisi, see Palseoneilo barrisi.
beUistriala, see Nuculana bellistriate.
breinrostris, see Nuculana brevirostris.
carta, see Nuculana curta.
dens-mamillata, see Nuculana dens-mam-

illata.
gibbom, see Yoldia gibbosa.
knoxensis, see Yoldia knoxensis.
leristriata, see Yoldia levistriata.
nuculiformis, see Nuculana nuculiformis.
oweni', see Yoldia oweni.
pandoriformis, see Nuculana pandori-

forinis.
polita, see Nuculana polite.
rmhmsis, see Yoldia rushensis.
toccata, see Nuculana saccate.
mbecittda, see Yoldia subscitula.
Leiopteris, Hall, 1877, Pal. N. Y., vol. 5.
[Ety. lews, smooth ; pteron, a wing.] A
proposed genus in the family Awculidse.
Leptodomus, McCoy, 1844, Synopsis Carb.
Foss. Ireland. [Ety. leptos, slender;
dornus, house.]
arata, Hall, 1860, Can. Nat. & Geo., vol.

5, Silurian. [Sig. furrowed.]
canadensis, Billings, 1874, Pal. Foss., vol.

2, Devonian. [Ety. proper name.]
clavate, Winch ell, 1862, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci., Portage Gr. [Sig. club-shaped.]
granosnx, see Allorisma granosum.
topekaensis, see Sedgwickia topekaensis.
Lima, Brugueire, 1791, Encycl. Meth. and
Deshayes, 1824, Descrip. de Coquilles
fossiles des environs de Paris. [Ety.
lima, a file.]
glabra, see Pernopecten glaber.
macroptera, see Limoptera macroptera.
ofisolcta, see Pernopecten obsoletus.
retifera, Shumard, 1858, Trans. St. Louis
Acad. Sci., Coal Meas. [Sig. net-
bearing.]
rugscstriata, see Aviculopecten rugsestri-
atus.
Limoptera, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice Lam.
shells, Up. Held. Gr. [Ety. Lima, a
genus of shells ; pteron, a wing.]
cancellata, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice Lam.
shells.Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. cancellated.]
curvate, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice Lam.

shells, Ham. Gr. [Sig. curved.]
macroptera, Conrad, 1838, (Lima macrop-
tera) Ann. Rep. N. Y., Ham. Gr. [Sig.
long-winged.]
obsolete, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice Lam.

shells, Ham. Gr. [Sig. obsolete.]
pauperate, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice
Lam. shells,Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. poor.]
triquetra, Conrad, Ham. Gr. [Sig. a
triangle.]
Litiiophaga, Lamarck, 1812, Hist. An. sans
Vert. [Ety. litJios, stone; phago, I eat.]
lingualis, Phillips, 1836, (Modiola lin-
gualis) Geol. Yorkshire, vol. 2, Keo-
kuk Gr. [Sig. tongue-like.]
pertenuis, Meek & Worthen, 1865, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil, St. Louis Gr.
[Sig. very slender.]

Lucina, Bruguiere, 1792, Encyclop. Meth.
[Ety. mythological name.]
elliptica, see Paracyclas elliptica.
elliptica var. occidentals, see Paracyclas

elliptica var. occidentalis.
hamiltonensis, Winchell, 1866, Rep. Low.

Peninsula Mich., Ham. Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
liraia, see Paracyclas lirato.
occidentalis, Billings, 1859, Assiniboine &

Saskatchewan Ex. Exped., Devonian.

This name was preoccupied by Con-
rad for an Eocene species.
ohioensis, see Paracyclas ohioensis.
retusa, Hall, 1843, Geo. Rep. 4th Dist.

N. Y., Portage Gr. [Sig. blunt.]
Lunulacardium, Munster, 1840, Beitrage

zur Petrefaktenkunde. [Ety. lunula,

a little moon; Cardium, a genus of

shells.]
acutirostrum, Hall, 1843, (Pinnopsis acu-

tirostra) Geo. Rep. 4th Dist. N. Y.,

Portage Gr. [Sig. acute-beaked.]
curtum, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice Lam.

shells, Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. short.]
fragilis, Hall, 1877, Pal. N. Y., vol. 5,

Ham. Gr. [Sig. frail.]
marcellense, Vanuxem, 1843, (Cypricar-

dites marcellensis) Geo. Rep. 3rd Dist.

N. Y., Marcellus shale. [Ety. proper

name.]
ornatum, Hall, 1843, (Pinnopsis ornate)

Geo. Rep. 4th Dist. N. Y., Portage Gr.

[Sig. adorned.]
Lyonsia, Turton, 1822. Not found in palaeo-
zoic rocks.
concava, see Sedgwickia concava.
Lyriopecten, Hall, 1877, Pal. N. Y., vol. 5.

[Ety. lyrion, a lyre ; Pecten, a genus of

shells.]
anomifeformis, Hall, 1877, Pal. N.Y., vol.

5, Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. like a shell of

the genus Anomxa.~\
macrodonta, Hall, 1877, Pal. N. Y., vol-

5, Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. from the large

teeth-like ridges.]
orbiculatus, Hall, 1843, (Avicula orbicu-

lata) Geo. Rep. 4th Dist. N. Y., Ham.

Gr. [Sig. orbicular.]
parallelodonte, Hall, 1877, Pal N. Y.,

vol. 5, Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. from the

broad straight hinge line.]
Lyrodesma, Conrad, 1841, Ann. Geo. Rep.

N. Y. [Ety. lyra, a harp; desma, a

ligament.]
cincinnatiense, Hall, 18 71, Pamphlet,

Cin'ti Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
planum, Conrad, 1841, Ann. Geo. Rep.,

Hud. Riv. Gr. [Ety. planus, flat.]
poststriatum, Emmons, 1842, (Nuculana

poststriata) Geo. Rep. N. Y., Black

Riv. Gr. [Ety. striated posteriorly.]
pulchellum, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,

Hud. Riv. Gr. [Ety. pulcheUus, beau-
tiful.]

194

LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.

M acrodon, Lycett, 1845, Murch. Geo. Chelt.
[Ety. macros, long; odous, a tooth.]

carbonarius, Cox, 1857, (Area carbona-
rius) Geo. Sur. Ky., vol. 3, Coal Meas.
[Sig. pertaining to coal.]

chemungensis, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice
Lam. Shells, Chemung Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]

cochlearis, Winchell, 1863, Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci., Chemung Gr. [Sig. spoon-
shaped.] Prof. Hall suggests that it is
a syn. for M. parvus.

curtus, Dawson, 1868, Acad. Geol., Carb.
[Sig. short.]

delicatus, Meek & Worthen, 1870, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci., Coal Meas. [Sig.
delicate.]

hamiltonise, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice
Lam. shells, Ham. Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]

hardingi, Dawson, 18 68, Acad. Geol.,
Carb- [Ety. proper name.]

micronema, Meek & Worthen, 1866,
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Chester Gr.
[Sig. a small thread.]

obsoletus, Meek, 1871, Reg. Rep. Univer-
sity W. Va., Coal Meas. [Sig. ob-
solete.]

ovatus, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice Lam.
shells, Waverly Gr. [Sig. ovate.]

parvus, White & Whitfield, 1862, Proc.
Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 8, Kinder-
hook Gr. [Sig. small.]

shubenacadiensis, Dawson, 1868, Acad.
Geo., Carb. [Ety. proper name.]

tenuistriata, Meek & Worthen, 1867, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci., Coal Meas. [Sig. fine-
lined.]
Matheria, Billings, 1858, Can. Nat. & Geo.,
vol. 3. [Ety. proper name.]

tenera, Billings, 1858, Can. Nat. & Geo.,
vol. 3, Trenton Gr. [Sig. tender, del-

Megalomus, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2.

[Ety. megale, great ; omos, shoulder.]
canadensis, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,

Guelph Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Megambonia, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3.

[Ety. mega, great; ambon, the boss of

a shield.]
aviculoidea, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. like an Avicula.]
bellistriata, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Oriskany sandstone. [Sig. beautifully

striated.]
cancellata,-Hall, 1860, Can. Nat. & Geo.,

vol. 5, Silurian. [Sig. cancellated.]
cardiiformis, Hall, 1843, (Pterinea cardii-

formis) Geo. Rep. 4th Dist. N. Y.,

Cornif. Gr. [Sig. like a Cardium.~\
cordiformis, see Mytilarca cordiformis.
jamesi, Meek, 1872, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.

Phil., Cin'ti Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

This shell probably belongs to the

genus Ambonychia.
lamellosa, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Oriskany sandstone. [Sig. made of

thin plates.]

lata, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3, Low.

Held. Gr. [Sig. wide, expanded on

the posterior slope.]
lyoni, syn. for Cardiopsis radiata.
mytiloidea, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. like the MytUm.l
oblonga, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. oblong.]
obscura, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. characters ob-
scure.]
ovata, syn. for Mytilarca mytilimeris.
ovoidea, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3, Low.

Held. Gr. [Sig. ovoidal.]
rhomboidea, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol.

3, Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. rhomboidal ]
spinneri, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Low. Held. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
' striata, Hall, 1860, Can. Nat. & Geo., vol.

5, Silurian. [Sig. striated.]
subcordiformis, Hall, 1877, Pal. N. Y.,

vol. 5, Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. some-
what like M. cordiformis.]
suborbicularis, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol.

3, Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. somewhat

orbicular.]
Megaptera, Meek & Worthen, 1866. The

name was preoccupied.
Microdon, Conrad, 1842, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci.,

vol. 8. This name was applied by

Agassiz to a genus of fish in 1833, and

was also preoccupied for a genus of

insects.
bellistriata, Conrad, 1842, Jour. Acad. Nat.

Sci., vol. 8, Ham. Gr. [Sig. beautifully

lined.]
complanatus, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice

Lam. shells, Ham. Gr. [Sig. smoothed.]
gregaria, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice Lam.

shells, Ham. Gr. [Sig. gregarious.]
reservatus, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice Lam.

shells, AVaverly Gr. [Sig. preserved.]
tenuistriata, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice

Lam. shells, Ham. Gr. [Sig. finely

lined.]
Modiola, Lamarck, 1801, Syst. An. sans

Vert. [Ety. modiolus, a small measure

or drinking vessel.]
avonia, Dawson, 1868, Acad. Geol., Low.

Carb. [Ety. proper name.]
concentrica, see Modiomorpha concentrica.
lingualis, see Lithoj)haga lingualis.
metella, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice Lam.

shells, Chemung Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
minor, Lea, 1852, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci.,

2nd series, vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig.

less.]
obtusa, see Modiolopsis obtusa.
pooli, Dawson, 1868, Acad. Geol., Low.

Carb. [Ety. proper name.]
prsecedens, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice

Lam. shells, Chemung Gr. [Sig. sur-
passing, going before.]
wyomingensis, Lea, 1852, Jour. Acad.

Nat. Sci., 2d series, vol. 2, Coal Meas.

[Ety. proper name.]

LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.

195

Modiolopsis, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1.
[Ety. Modiola, a genus of shells ; opsis,
appearance; from its resemblance to

Modiola.]
adrastia, Billings, 18G2, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,
Black Kiv. Gr. [Ety. mythological

name.]
anodontoides, Conrad, 1847, (Cypricardites

anodontoides) Pal. N. Y., vol. 1, Hud.

Riv. Gr. [Ety. from its resemblance

to the genus Anodonta.']
arcuata, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,

Trenton Gr. [Sig. bent, bow-shaped.]
aviculoides, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,

Trenton Gr. [Sig. resembling an

Avicula.]
carinata, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,

Trenton Gr. [Sig. keeled.]
cincinnatiensis, Hall & Whitfield, 1875

Ohio Pal., vol. 2, Cin'ti Gr. [Ety

proper name.]
concentrica, Hall & Whitfield, 1872, Ohio

Pal., vol. 2, Cin'ti Gr. [Sig. concen-
tric]
curta, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1, Hud.

Riv. Gr. [Sig. short.]
dicteus, Hall, 1807, 20th Reg. Rep. N. Y.,

Niagara Gr. [Ety. mythological

name.]
(?) dubia, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. doubtful.]
exilis, Billings, 1874, Pal. Foss., vol. 2,

Up. Sil. [Sig. slender.]
faba, Conrad, 1842, in Emmons' Geo.

Rep. N. Y., Black Riv., Trenton and

Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. a bean.]
gesneri, Billings, 1802, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Trenton and Black Riv. Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
latus, see Cypricardites latus.
maia, Billings, 1802, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Trenton Gr. [Ety. mythological

name.]
meyeri, Billings, 1802, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Trenton Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
modiolaris, Conrad, 1838, (Pterinea mod-

iolaris) Ann. Geo. Rep. N. Y., Hud.

Riv. Gr. [Sig. like a Modiola.']
modioliformis, Meek & Worth en, 1808,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 3, Trenton Gr. [Sig.

like a Modiola.']
mytiloides, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y, vol. 1,

Black Riv. & Trenton Gr. [Sig. like

a shell of the genus Mytilus.~\
nais, Billings, 1802, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Black Riv. Gr. [Ety. mythological

name.]
nasuta, Conrad, 1841, (Cypricardites

nasutus) Ann. Rep. N. Y., Trenton &

Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. nasute.]
nuculiformis, seeTellinomya nuculiformis.
obtusa, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,

Birdseye Gr. [Sig. obtuse.]
orthonota, Conrad, 1839, (Unio orthono-

tus) Ann. Rep. N. Y., Medina sand-
stone. [Sig. straight-backed.]

orthonota, Meek & Worthen, 1808, Geo.
Sur. 111., vol. 3, Trenton Gr. This
name was preoccupied.

ovata, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2, Clin-
ton Gr. [Sig. ovate.]

parallela, Conrad, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,
Trenton Gr. [Sig. parallel.]

parviuscula, Billings, 1859, Can. Nat. &
Geo., vol. 4, Chazy Gr. [Sig. very
small.]

perlata, Hall, 1870, 28th Reg. Rep. N.
Y., Niagara Gr. [Sig. very wide.]

perovata, see Modiomorpha perovata.

pholadiformis, Hall, 1851, Lake Sup.
Land Dist., vol. 2, Hud. Riv. Gr.
[Sig. like the Plu>la$.~\

plana, Hall, 1801, Geo. Rep. Wis., Tren-
ton Gr. [Sig. smooth.]

primigenia, Conrad, 1838, (Unio primi-
genius) Ann. Rep. N. Y., Medina
sandstone. [Sig. first-born.]

recta, Hall, 1807, 20th Reg. Rep. N. Y.,
Niagara Gr. [Sig. straight.]

rhomboidea, Hall, 1800, Can. Nat. & Geo.,
vol. 5, Up. Sil. [Sig. rhomboidal.]

rudis, Billings, 1874, Pal. Foss., vol. 2,
Up. Sil. [Sig. rude.]

striata, Billings, 1800, Catal. Sil. Foss.
Antic, Anticosti Gr. [Sig. striated.]

subalata, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,
Clinton & Niagara Gr. [Sig. some-
what winged.]

subcarinata, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol.
2, Clinton Gr. [Sig. somewhat cari-
nated.]

subnasuta, Hall, 1800, Can. Nat. & Geo.,
vol. 5, Up. Sil. [Sig. somewhat nasute.]

mbnamta, Meek & Worthen, 1870. This
name was preoccupied.

subspatulata, Hall, 1847. See Cypricar-
dites subspatulatus.

superba, Hall, 1801, Geo. Rep. Wis.,
Trenton Gr. [Sig. grand.]

terminalis, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,
Cin'ti Gr. [Sig. terminating.]

trentonensis, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol.

1, Trenton Gr. [Ety. proper name]
truncata, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y, vol. 1,

Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. cut short.]
undulostriata, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y, vol.

2, Niagara Gr. [Sig. having waved
stricG 1

varia, Billings, 1874, Pal. Foss., vol. 2,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. different.]
versaillesensis, S. A. Miller, 1874, Cin.

Quar. Jour. Sci., Cin'ti Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
Modiomorpha, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice

Lam. shells. [Ety. contracted from

Modiola, a genus of shells; morphe,

form.]
alta, Conrad, 1841, (Cypricardites alta)

Ann. Rep. N. Y., Ham. Gr. [Ety.

from the elevation of the hinge

margin.]
alata, Hall, 1843, (Cypricardites alata)

Geo. Rep. N. Y., Chemung Gr. [Sig.

winged.]

196

LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.

angustata, Vanuxem, 1842, (Cvpricardites

angustata) Geo. Rep. N. Y., Catskill

Gr. [Sig. narrowed.]
catskillensis, Vanuxem, 1842, (Cypricar-

dites catskillensis) Geo. Rep. N. Y.,

Catskill Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
complanata, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice

Lam. shells, Up. Held. Gr. [Sig.

smooth.]
concentrica, Conrad, 1838, (Cypricardites

concentrica) Geo. Rep. 4th Dist. N.

Y., Ham. Gr. [Sig. marked with con-
centric lines.]
cymbula, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice Lam.

shells, Ham. Gr. [Sig. a small boat.]
hyalea. Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice Lam.

shells, Waverly Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
inornata, Billings, 1874, Pal. Foss., vol.

2, Devonian. [Sig. unadorned.]
macilenta, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice

Lam. shells, Ham. Gr. [Sig. lean,

meager.]
perovata, Meek & Worthen, 1865, (Modi-

olopsis perovata) Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.

Phil., Ham. Gr. [Sig. very ovate.]
planulata, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice

Lam. shells, Ham. Gr. [Sig. flattened.]
ponderosa, Hall, 1877, Pal. N. Y., vol. 5,

Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. large.]
quadrula, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice

Lam. shells, Chemung Gr. [Sig. a

small square.]
subalata, Conrad, 1841, (Cypricardites

subalata) Ann. Rep. N. Y., Ham. Gr.

[Sig. somewhat winged.]
Monoptekia, Meek & Worthen, 1866, Proc.

Chi. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. 1. [Ety.

monos, single ; pteron, a wing. ]
gibbosa, Meek & Worthen, 1866, Proc.

Chi. Acad. Sci., Coal Meas. [Sig. gib-
bous, tumid.]
longispina, Cox, 1857, (Gervillia longi-

spina) Geo. Sur. Ky., vol. 3, Coal

Meas. [Sig. long-spined.]
marian, White, 1874, Rep. Invert. Foss.,

Carboniferous. [Ety. proper name.]
Monotis, Bronn, 1824, System Urweltlicher

Konchylien. [Ety. monos, one ; ous-

otos, ear.]
elevata, Conrad, 1848, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci., vol. 3, Chemung Gr. [Sig.

elevated.]
gregaria, Meek & Worthen, 1870, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci., Phil., Coal Meas.,
[Sig. clustered together, found in

flocks.]
halli, Swallow, 1858, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., Permian Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
hawni, see Eumicrotis hawni.
poulsoni, Conrad, 1848, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci., vol. 3, Chemung Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
princeps, Conrad, 1838, Ann. Rep. N. Y.,

Ham. Gr. [Sig. primitive, original.]

radialis, Phillips, 1834, (Pecten radialis)

Permian Gr. See Pseudomonotis

radialis.
radians, Conrad, 1842, (Pterinea radians)

Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. vol. 8, Ham. Gr.

[Sig. radiating.]
speluncaria, Schlotheim, 1816, (Gryphites

speluncarius) Permian Gr. [Sig. like

a cave, den, or hole in a rock.]
variabilis, Swallow, 1858, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., Permian Gr. [Sig. varia-
ble, changing.]
Myalina, Koninck, 1844, Desc. Anim. Foss.

Carb. Belg. [Ety. Mya, a genus of

shells ; inns, like.]
angulata, Meek & Worthen, 1860, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Chester Gr. [Sig.

angulated.]
apachei, Marco u, 1858, Geol. North

America, Carboniferous. [Ety. proper

name.]
aviculoides, Meek & Hayden, 1860, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Permian Gr.

[Sig. like an Avicula.]
aviculoides, Winchell, 1862. This name

was preoccupied,
concentrica, Meek & Worthen, 1860, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., St. Louis Gr.

[Sig. having concentric lines.]
deltoidea, Gabb, 1859, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci. Phil., Low. Carb. [Sig. like the

Greek letter Delta.']
imbricaria, Winchell, 1862, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci., Marshall Gr. [Sig. imbri-
cated.]
iowensis, Winchell, 1865, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci., Chemung Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
kansasensis, Shumard, 1858, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., Coal Meas. [Ety.

proper name.]
keokuk, Worthen, 1875, Geo. Sur. 111., vol.

6, Keokuk Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
meliniformis, Meek & Worthen, 1866,

Proc. Chi. Acad. Sci., Coal Meas. [Sig.

in the form of a purse.]
michiganensis, Winchell, 18 6 2, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci., Marshall Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
mytiliformis, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol.

2, Clinton Gr. [Sig. like a Mytilus.']
perattenuata, Meek & Hayden, 18 62,

Trans. Alb. Inst., vol. 4. Coal Meas.

[Sig. very much drawn out, attenu-
ated.]
permiana, Swallow, 1858, (Mytilus per-

mianus) Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci.,

Permian Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
perniformis, Cox, 1857, Geo. Sur. Ky.,

vol. 3, Coal Meas. [Sig. in the form

of a PernaJ]
pterineseformis, Winchell, 1862, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci., Marshall Gr. [Sig.

in the form of a Pterinea.]
recta, Shumard, 1858, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., Permian Gr. [Sig. straight.]

LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.

197

recurvirostris, Meek & Worthen, 1860,

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Up. Coal

Meas. [Sig. beaked, recurved.]
squamosa, Sowerby, 1827, Trans. Geo.

Soc. Lond., 2d ser., vol. 3, Permian

Gr. [Sig. rough, scaly.]
subquadrata, Shumard, 1855, Geo. Rep.

Mo., Coal Meas. [Sig. somewhat qua-
drate.]
st. ludovici, Worthen, 1873, Geo. Sur. 111.,

vol. 5, St. Louis Gr. [Ety. proper

name; Sanctus Ludovicus, St. Louis.]
swallovi, McChesney, 1860, New Pal.

Foss., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
Mytilarca, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice Lam.

shells. [Ety. from the two genera

Mytilus and Area.}
arenacea, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice Lam.

shells, Schoharie grit. [Sig. sandy.]
attenuata, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice

Lam. shells, Chemung Gr. [Sig.

elongated.]
canadensis, Billings, 1874, Pal. Foss., vol.

2, Devonian. [Ety. proper name.]
carinata, Hall, 1877, Pal. N. Y., vol. 5,

Chemung Gr. [Sig. carinated.]
chemungensis, Conrad, 1842, (Inoceramus

chemungensis) Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci.

Phil., vol. 8, Chemung Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
cordiformis, Hall, 1859, (Megambonia cor-

diformis) Pal. N. Y., vol. 3, Low. Held.

Gr. [Sig. heart-shaped.]
fibristriata, White & Whitfield, 1862,

(Mytilus fibristriatus) Proc. Bost. Soc.

Nat. Hist, Kinderhook Gr. [Sig.

fibre-lined.]
mytilimeris, Conrad, 1842, (Inoceramus

mvtilimeris) Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci.,

vol. 8, Low. Held. Gr. [Ety. Mytilus

a genus of shells; meros, a part.]
nitida, Billings, 1874, Pal. Foss., vol. 2,

Devonian. [Sig. neat, pretty.]
occidentalis, White & Whitfield, 1862,

(Mytilus occidentalis) Proc. Bost. Soc.

Nat. Hist., vol. 8, Kinderhook Gr.

[Sig. western.]
oviformis, Conrad, 1842, (Inoceramus

oviformis) Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol.

8, Ham. Gr. [Sig. egg-shaped.]
ponderosa, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice

Lam. shells, Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. large,

heavy.]
radiata, Hall, 1877, Pal. N. Y., vol. 5,

Chemung Gr. [Sig. radiated.]
sigillum, Hall, 1876, 28th Reg. Rep., Niag-
ara Gr. [Sig. a seal.]
triquetra, Conrad, 1838, (Pterinea tri-

quetra) Ann. Rep. N. Y., Ham. Gr.

[Sig. a triangle.]
Mytilus, Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., 10th ed.

[Ety. Mytilus, the fish mussel.] This

genus does not, so far as known, ex-
ist in palaeozoic rocks. Most of the

species referred to it belong to the

genus Myalina.

concavus, Swallow, 1858, Trans. St. Louis
Acad. Sci., Permian Gr. [Sig. con-
cave.]

fibrhtratus, see Mvtilarca fibristriata.

occidentalis, see Mytilarca occidentalis.

ottawensis, Shumard, 1858, Trans. St.
Louis Acad. Sci., Up. Coal Meas.
[Ety. proper name.]

permianus, see Myalina permiana.

squamosus, Sowerby, 1839, Trans. Geol.
Soc. Lond., vol. 4, Permian Gr. [Sig.
rough, scaly.]

tenuiradiatus, Shumard, 1858, Trans. St.
Louis Acad. Sci., Up. Coal Meas. [Sig.
slender-rayed.]

whitfieldanus, Winchell, 1862, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci., Marshall Gr. [Ety.
proper name.] Prof. Hall suggests
that this is a syn. for Mytilarca fibris-
triata.
Naiadites, Dawson, 1860, Acad. Geol., but
not defined. The name was used for
a gentis of plants by Buckman in
1843. The fossils were defined by
Salter in 1861, under the name of
Anthracomya.

angulata, see Anthracomya angulata.

arenaceus, see A. arenacea.

carbonarius, see A. carbonaria.

elongata, see A. elongata. ,

Ixvis, see A. lsevis.

obtusa, see A. obtusa.

oralis, see A. ovalis.
Nucula, Lamarck, 1815, Hist. Nat. des An.
sans Vert. [Ety. nucula, a little nut.]

anodontoides, Meek, 1871, Reg. Rep. Uni-
versity W. Va., Coal Meas. [Sig. like
an Anodonta.]

arata, Hall, 1852, Stansbury's Ex. to Gr.
Salt Lake, Coal Meas. [Sig. furrowed.]

bellatula, syn. for N. bellistriata.

bellistriata, Conrad, 1841, (Nuculites
bellistriatus) Ann. Rep. N. Y., Ham.
Gr. [Sig. beautifully striated.]

beyrichia, Schlotheim, as identified by
Geinitz. See Nucula parva.

corbuliformis, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice
Lam. shells, Ham. & Chemung Gr.
[Sig. resembling a Corbula.}

cylindricus, syn. for Cardiomorpha mis-
souriensis.

donaciformis see Tellinomya donaciformis.

fabula, see Cleidophorus fabula.

hians, Hall, 1860, 13th Reg. Rep., Ham.
Gr. [Sig. gaping.]

houghtoni, Stevens, 1858, Am. Jour. Sci.,
vol. 25, Coal Meas. [Ety. proper
name.]

hubbardi, Winchell, 1862, Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci., Marshall Gr. Syn. for Nu-
culites sulcatinus.

iowensis, White & Whitfield, 1862, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci., Marshall Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]

kazanensis, as identified by Geinitz is Nu-
culana bellistriata.

levata, see Tellinomya levata.

lineata, see Tellinomya lineata.

198

LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.

lineolata, Hall, 1843, Geo. Rep. 4th Dist.

N. Y., Portage Gr. [Sig. marked with

small lines.]
lirata, Conrad, 1842, (Nuculites liratus)

Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. 8, Ham.

Gr. [Sig. furrowed.]
machierseformis, see Tellinomya machse-

rseformis.
mactrseformis, see Tellinomya mactne-

formis.
merceremis, syn. for Cardiomorpha mis-

souriensis.
microdonta, Winchell, 18G3, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci., Chemung Gr. [Sig. small-
toothed.]
minuta, Owen, 1840, Rep. on Min. Lands,

Devonian. The name was preoccu-
pied by De France in 182").
nasuta, Hall, 1858, Trans. Alb. Inst., vol.

4, Warsaw Gr. [Sig. nasute.]
neda, Hall, 1872, 24th Reg. Rep. N. Y.,

Up. Held. Gr. [Ety. proper name]
niotica, Hall, 1872, 24th Reg. Rep. N. Y.,

Up. Held. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
obliqua, see Tellinomya obliqua.
oblonga, see Cleidophorus oblongus.
parva, McChesney, 1860, New Pal. Foss.,

Coal Meas. [Sig. small.]
poststriata, see Lyrodesma poststriatum.
randalli, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice Lam.

shells, Ham. and Chemung Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
rectangula, McChesney, 1860, Desc. New

Pal. Foss., Ham. Gr. [Sig. rectan-
gular.]
sectoralis, Winchell, 1862, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci., Marshall Gr. [Sig. like a

sector.]
shumardana, Hall, 1858, Trans. Alb.

Inst., vol. 4, Warsaw Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
Stella, Winchell, 1862, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci., Marshall Gr. [Sig. a star.]
subnasuta, Hall, 1872, 24th Reg. Rep.

N. Y., Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. somewhat

nasute.]
varicosa, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice Lam.

shells, Ham. Gr. [Sig. varicose.]
ventricosa, Hall, 1858, Geo. Sur. Iowa,

Coal Meas. [Sig. bulging out.]
Nuculana, Link, 1807, Rost. Samml., vol. 3.

[Ety. like a shell of the genus Nu-
cula.']
bellistriata, Stevens, 1858, (Leda bellis-

triata) Am. Jour. Sci., vol. 25, Coal

Meas. [Sig. beautifully striated.]
bellistriata var. attenuata, Meek, 1872,

Pal. E. Neb., Coal Meas. [Sig. drawn

out, attenuated.]
brevirostris, Hall, 1870, (Leda (?) brevi-

rostris) Prelim. Notice Lam. shells,

Ham. Gr. [Sig. short-beaked.]
curta, Meek, 1861, (Leda curta) Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., St. Louis Gr.

[Sig. short.]
dens-mamillata, Stevens, 1858, Am. Jour.

Sci., vol. 25, Coal Meas. [Sig. having

mammillated teeth.]

nuculiformis, Stevens, 1858, Am. Jour.

Sci., vol. 25, Coal Meas. [Ety. from

the resemblance to Nucula.]
pandoriformis, Stevens, 1858, Am. Jour.

Sci., vol. 25, Coal Meas. [Sig. like a

shell of the genus Pandora.}
saccata, Winchell, 1863. (Leda saccata)

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Chemung Gr.

[Sig. like a little bag.]
vaseyana, McChesney, 1860, (Nuculites

vaseyana) Desc. New Pal. Foss., Ham.

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Nuculites, Conrad, 1841, Ann. Geo. Rep. N.

Y. [Ety. Nucula, a genus of shells.]
altus, Conrad, 1842, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci.,

vol. 8, Devonian. [Sig. high.]
appressus, see Cytherodon appressus.
bellislriatus, see Nucula bellistriata.
carinatus, Hall, 1860, Can. Nat. & Geol.,

vol. 5, Up. Sil. [Sig. keeled.]
cJiemungcnsis, see Schizodus chemungensis.
concentricus, Conrad, 1842, J.our. Acad.

Nat. Sci., vol. 8, Coal Meas. [Sig.

concentric]
constrictus, see Palreoneilo constricta.
cuneiformis, Conrad, 1841, Ann. Rep. N.

Y., Ham Gr. [Sig. wedge-shaped.]
emargiuatus, see Palaxmeilo emarginata.
faba, see Modiolopsis faba.
filosus, see Palseoneilo filosa.
inflatus, see Cypricardinia inflata.
lamellosus, Conrad, 1841, Ann. Geo. Rep.

N. Y., Up. Sil. [Sig. having lamellae]
liratus, see Nucula lirata.
mactroides, Conrad, 1842, Jour. Acad.

Nat. Sci., vol. 8, Low. Carb. [Sig.

like a shell of the genus Mactra.~\
maxima, see Palaeoneilo maxima,
multilineatus, Conrad, 1842, Jour. Acad.

Nat. Sci., vol. 8, Ham. Gr. [Sig. many-
lined.]
nyssa, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice Lam.

shells, Ham. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
oblongus, see Cleidophorus oblongus.
oblongatus, Conrad, 1841, Ann. Geo. Rep.

N. Y., Ham. Gr. [Sig. oblong.]
planulatus, see Cleidophorus planulatus.
poststriata, see Lyrodesma poststriatum.
radiatus, see Pholadella radiata.
rostellatus, Conrad, 1841, Ann. Rep. N.

Y., Ham. Gr. [Sig. little-beaked.]
scitula, syn. for Cleidophorus planulatus.
subemarginata, see Tellinopsis subemargi-

nata.
sulcatinus, Conrad, 1842, Jour. Acad. Nat.

Sci., vol. 8, Low. Carb. [Sig. furrowed.]
triqueter, Conrad, 1841, Ann. Rep. N. Y.,

Ham. Gr. [Sig. triangular.]
vaseyana, see Nuculana vaseyana.
Nyassa, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice Lam.

shells. [Ety. proper name.]
arguta, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice Lam.

shells, Ham. Gr. [Sig. clearly

marked.]
elliptica, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice Lam.

shells, Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. ellipticaUJ

LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.

recta, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice Lam.

shells, Ham. Gr. [Sig. from the

straight umbonal ridge.]
subalata, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice Lam.

shells, Ham. Gr. [Sig. somewhat

winged.]
Opisthoptera, Meek. Not defined.
Orthodesma, Hall & Whitfield, 1875, Ohio

Pal., vol. 2. [Ety. ortfws, straight;

desma, a ligament.]
contractum, Hall, 1847, (Orthonota con-

tracta) Pal. N. Y., vol. 1, Hud. Riv.

Gr. [Sig. contracted.]
curvatum, Hall & Whitfield, 1875, Ohio

Pal., vol. 2, Cin'ti Gr. [Sig. curved.]
parallelum, Hall, 1847, (Orthonota paral-
lel) Pal. N. Y., vol. 1, Hud. Riv. Gr.

[Sig. parallel.]
rectum, Hall & Whitfield,1875, Ohio Pal.,

vol. 2, Cin'ti Gr. [Sig. straight.]
Orthonota Conrad, 1841, Ann. Rep. N. Y.

[Ety. ortJws, straight; notos, the back.]
angulifera, (?) McCoy, 1850, Brit, Pal.

Rocks, Up. Sil. [Sig. having angles.]
carinata, Conrad, 1841, Ann. Rep. N. Y.,

Ham. Gr. [Sig. keeled.]
contmcta, see Orthodesma contractum.
curta, Hall, 1843, Geo. Rep. 4th Dist, N.

Y., Clinton and Niagara Gr. [Sig.

short,]
ensiformis, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice

Lam. shells, Ham. Gr. [Sig. ensi-

form.]
incerta, Billings, 1874, Pal. Foss., vol. 2,

Up. Sil. [Sig. doubtful.]
parallda, see Orthodesma parallelum.
parvula, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice Lam.

shells, Ham. Gr. [Sig. very small.]
phaselia, Winchell, 1863, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci., Chemung Gr. [Sig. a kid-
ney bean.]
pholadis, Conrad, 1838, (Pterinea phola-

dis) Ann. Geo. Rep. N. Y., Hud. Riv.

Gr. [Sig. like a shell of the genus

Pholas.-]
rectidorsalis, AVinchell, 1862, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci., Marshall Gr. [Sig. straight-
backed.]
siliquoidea, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice

Lam. shells, Ham. Gr. [Sig. like a

pod.]
simulans, Billings, 1874, Pal. Foss., vol.

2, Up. Sil. [Sig. resembling.]
(?) speciosa, Billings, 1874, Pal. Foss.,

vol. 2, Up. Sil. [Sig. beautiful.]
undulata, Conrad, 1841, Ann. Rep. N.

Y., Ham. Gr. [Sig. wavy.]
venusta, Billings, 1874, Pal. Foss., vol. 2,

Up. Sil. [Sig. elegant.]
Ostrea, Linmeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., 10th ed.

[Ety. ostrea, an oyster.]
patercula, Winchell, 1865, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci., Burlington Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
Palxarca, syn. for Cypricardites.
saffordi, see Cypricardites saffordi.
ventrfcosa, see Cypricardites veutricosus

Pal^ocardia, Hall, 1867, 20th Reg. Rep. N.

Y. [Ety. palaois, ancient; kardia, a

heart.]
cordiformis, Hall, 1867, 20th Reg. Rep. N.

Y., Niagara Gr. [Sig. heart-shaped.]
Pal^oneilo, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice Lam.

shells. [Ety. palaios ancient ; Neilo, a

genus of shells.]
attenuata, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice Lam.

shells, AVaverly Gr. [Sig. attenuated. ]
barrisi, White & Whitfield, 1862, (Leda

barrisi) Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.,

vol. 8, Kinderhook Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
bedfordensis, Meek, 1875, Pal. Ohio, vol.

2, Waverly Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
bisulcata, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice Lam.

shells, Ham. Gr. [Sig. double-sul-

cated.]
brevis, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice Lam.

shells, Chemung Gr. [Sig. short.]
carbonaria, see Yoldia carbonaria.
constricta, Conrad, 1842, (Nuculites con-

stricta) Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. 8,

Chemung Gr. [Sig. constricted.]
emarginata, Conrad, 18 41, (Nuculites

emarginata) Ann. Rep. N. Y., Ham.

Gr. [Sig. emarginated.]
filosa, Conrad, 1842, (Nuculites filosa)

Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. 8, Chemung

Gr, [Sig. thready.]
fcecunda, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice Lam.

shells, Ham. Gr. [Sig. abundant.]
maxima, Conrad, 1841, (Nuculites max-
ima) Ann. Rep. N. Y., Ham. Gr. [Sig.

the largest.]
muta, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice Lam.

shells, Ham. Gr. [Sig. inconspicuous.]
parallela, Hall, 1870, 23rd Reg. Rep. N.

Y., Waverly Gr. [Sig. parallel.]
perplana, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice Lam.

shells, Ham. Gr. [Sig. very flat.]
plana, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice Lam.

shells, Ham. Gr. [Sig. flat.]
tenuistriata, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice

Lam. shells, Ham. Gr. [Sig. fine-
lined.]
Pal.eanatina, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice

Lam. shells. [Ety. palaios, ancient;

Anatina, a genus of shells.] The

family name at the head of this class

should be spelled Pabeanatinidsc in-
stead of PalanatinicUe.
quadrata, Hall, 1877, Pal. N. Y., vol. 5,

Chemung Gr. [Sig. quadrate.]
typus, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice Lam.

shells, Chemung Gr. [Ety. the type

of the genus.]
Panopxa, Menard de la Groye, 1807, Ann.

du Mus. 9. [Ety. mythological name.]
cooperi, see Chsenomya cooperi.
Paracvclas, Hall, 1843, Geo. Rep. 4th Dist.

N. Y. [Ety. para, allied to ; Cyclas, a

genus of shells.]
elliptica, Hall, 1843, Geo. Rep. 4th Dist.

N. Y., Comif. Gr. [Sig. elliptical,]

200

LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.

elliptica var. occidentalis, Hall, 1872, 24th
Reg. Rep., Up. Held. Gr. [Sig
western.]

lirata, Conrad, 1838, (Posidonia lirata)
Ann. Rep. N. Y., Corniferous Gr
[Sig. furrowed.]

ohioensis, Meek, 1871, Proc. Acad. Nat
Sci. Phil., Cornif. Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]

sabini, White, 1876, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
Devonian. [Ety. proper name.]
Pectcn, Mueller, 1776. This genus is un-
known in the Palaeozoic rocks.

acxdialatus, see Aviculopecten acutialatus.

armigerus, see A. armigerus.

aviculatm, see A. aviculatus.

broadfieadi, syn. for Aviculopecten car-
bon if er us.

cancdlatus, see Aviculopecten cancellatus.

carboniferus, see A. carboniferus.

clevelartdicus, see A. clevelandicus.

cohradoensis, see A. coloradoensis.

convexus, see A. convexus.

crenulatus, see Pernopecten crenulatus.

dolabriformis, see Aviculopecten dolabri-
formis.

duplicatus, see A. duplicatus.

hatti, see A. halli.

havmi, syn. for A. carboniferus.

missouriensis, see A. missouriensis.

neglectus, see A. neglectus.

occidentalis, see A. occidentalis.

providencensis, see A. providencensis.

radialis, see Pseudomonotis radialis.

ringens, see Aviculopecten ringens.

striatus, see A. striatus. [ata.

tenuilineatus, see Streblopteria tenuiline-

utahensis, see Aviculopecten utahensis.
Pernopecten, Winchell, 1865, Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci. Phil. [Ety. from the shells
Perna and Pecten.]

crenulatus, Hall, 1843, (Pecten crenula-
tus) Geo. Rep. 4th Dist. N. Y., Che-
mung Gr. [Sig. crenulated.]

fasciculatus, Hall, 1877, Pal. N. Y., vol.
5, Chemung Gr. [Sig. fasciculated.]

glaber, Hall, 1843, (Lima glaber) Geo.
Rep. 4th Dist. N. Y., Chemung Gr.
[Sig. smooth.]

limiformis, White & Whitfield, 1862,
(Aviculopecten limaformis) Proc.
Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 8, St. Louis
Gr. [Sig. like a shell of the genus
Lima."]

limatus, Winchell, 1865, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci., Chemung Gr. [Sig. polished.]

obsoletus, Hall, 1843, (Lima obsoleta)
Geo. Rep. 4th Dist. N. Y., Chemung
Gr. [Sig. obsolete.]

shumardanus, Winchell, 1865, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Kinderhook
Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Pholadella, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice
Lam. shells. [Ety. diminutive of the
recent genus Photos.]

cuneata, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice Lam.
shells, Kinderhook Gr. [Sig. wedge-
shaped.]

newberryi, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice

Lam. shells, WaverlyGr. [Ety. proper

name.]
ornata, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice Lam.

shells, Chemung Gr. [Sig. orna-
mented.]
radiata, Conrad, 1842, (Nuculites radiata)

Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. 8, Ham.

Gr. [Sig. radiated.]
truncata, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice Lam.

shells, Ham. Gr. [Sig. truncated.]
Phthonia, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice Lam.

shells,
nodicostata, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice

Lam. shells, Ham. Gr. [Sig. from the

nodes on the costa;.]
sectifrons, Conrad, 1842, (Cypricardites

sectifrons) Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Ham.

Gr. [Sig. having a divided front.]
Pinna, Linmeus, 1758, Syst. Nat, 10th Ed.

[Ety. pinna, a feather.]
adamsi, syn. for Pinna peracuta.
binrichsana, White & St. John, 1868,

Trans. Chi. Acad. Sci., St. Louis Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
marshallensis, Winchell, 1865, Proc.Acad.

Nat. Sci., Marshall Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
missouriensis, Swallow, 1863, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., Low. Carb. [Ety.

proper name.]
peracuta, Shumard, 1858, Trans. St.Louis

Acad. Sci., Coal Meas. [Sig. very

acute.]
subspatulata, Worthen, 1875, Geo. Sur.

111., vol. 6, Warsaw Gr. [Sig. some-
what spatulate or blade-shaped.]
Pinnopsis, syn. for Lunulacardium.

acutirostra, see Lunulacardium acutirost-

rum.
ornatus, see Lunulacardium ornatum.
Placunopsis, Morris & Lycett, 1853, Monogr.

Foss. Great Oolite. [Ety. Placuna, a

genus of shells; opsk, resemblance.]
carbonaria, Meek & Worthen, 1866, Proc.

Chi. Acad. Sci., vol. 1, Up. Coal Meas.

[Sig. pertaining to coal.]
recticardinalis, Meek, 1875, Ohio Pal.,

vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. straight on

the cardinal line.]
Pleurophorus, King, 1844, Ann. Mag. Nat.

Hist., vol. 14. [Ety. pleuron, a rib ;

phoros, bearing.]
angulatus, Meek & Worthen, 1865, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Coal Meas. [Sig.

angulated.]
calhouni, Meek & Hayden, 1858, (Ed-

monia calhouni) Trans. Alb. Inst.,

vol. 4, Permian Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
costatiformis, Meek & Worthen, 1865,

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Keokuk

Gr. [Sig. like P. costatus.]
oblongus, Meek, 1872, Pal. E. Neb., Coal

Meas. [Sig. oblong.]
occidentalis, Meek & Hayden, 1862, Trans.

Alb. Inst., vol. 4, Coal Meas. [Sig.

western.]

LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.

201

pallasi, as identified by Geinitz, is P.

oblongus.
permianus, Swallow, 1858, Trans. St. Louis
Acad. Sci., Permian Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]
quadricostatus, Dawson, 18G8, Acad. Geo.,

Carboniferous. [Sig. four-ribbed.]
simplus, as identified by Geinitz, is P.

subcuneatus.
subcostatus, Meek & Worthen, 1865, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Up. Coal Meas.
[Sig. somewhat costated.]
subcuneatus, Meek & Harden, 1858,Trans.

Alb. Inst., vol. 4, Permian Gr. [Sig.

somewhat wedge-shaped.]
(?) subellipticus, Meek, 1867, Am. Jour.

Sci., vol. 4-i, Coal Meas. [Sig. some-
what elliptical.]
tropidophorus, Meek, 1875, 'Ohio Pal., vol.

2, Coal Meas. [Sig. keel- bearing.]
Pleurorhynchns, Phillips, syn. for Conocar-

dium.
attenuatus, see Conocardium attenuatum.
crassifrons, see Conocardium crassifrons.
cuneus, see Conocardium cuneus.
trigonalis, see Conocardium trigonale.
vomer, see Conocardium vomer.
PoeiDONiA, Bronn, 1824, Syst. Urweltlicher

Konchvlien. [Etv. proper name.]
alata, Hall, 1843, Geo. Rep. 4th Dist. N.

Y., Clinton Gr. [Sig. winged.]
aiveQta, see Grammysia alveata.
arcuata, see Grammysia arcuata.
clathrata, Lea, 1852, Jour. Acad. Nat.

8d., 2d ser., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig.

latticed.]
distans, Lea, 1852, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci.,

2d ser., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. dis-
tant.]
Urata, see Paracyclas lirata.
moorei, Gabb, 1859, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.,

Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
perstriata, Lea, 1852, Jour. Acad. Nat.

Sci., Coal Meas. [Sig. closely lined.]
Posidonomya, Bronn, 1837, Leth. Geogn.

[Ety. Poseidon, a proper name ; Mya,

a genus of shells.]
ambigua, Winchell, 1863, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci., Chemung Gr. [Sig. doubtful.]
fracta, Meek, 1875, Ohio Pal., vol. 2, Coal

Meas. [Sig. frail, easily broken.]
mesambonata, Winchell, 18 62, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci., Marshall Gr. [Ety.

mesos, middle; ambon, umbone.]
rhomboidea. Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol.

2, Niagara Gr. [Sig. rhomboidal.]
romingeri, Winchell, 1862, Proc. Acad.

Nat-. Sci., Marshall Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
striata, Stevens, 1858, Am. Jour. Sci., vol.

25, Coal Meas. [Sig. striated.]
whiteana, Winchell, 1862, Proc. Acad.Nat.

Sci., Marshall Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Pkomacrus, Meek, 1871. [Ety. pro, forward;

makros, long.]
andrewsi, Meek, 1871, Am. Jour. Conch.,

vol. 7, Waverly Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]

missouriensis, see Sanguinolites missouri-

ensis.
nasutus, see Sanguinolites nasutus.
Pkothyris, Meek, 1869, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci. Phil. [Ety. pro. forward ; thyris,

an orifice.]
elegans, Meek, 1871, Am. Jour. Conch.,

vol. 7, Coal Meas. [Sig. elegant.]
meeki, Winchell, 1875, Ohio Pal., vol. 2,

Waverly Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Pseudomoxotis, Beyrich, 1862, Zeit. der

Deutsch., Geol. Gesselsch., vol. 14.

[Ety. pseucbs, false; Monotis, a genus

of shells.]
curta, Hall, 1852, (Avicula custa, a typo-
graphical error) Stansbury'sEx. Ex. to

Gt.Salt Lake, Coal Meas. [Sig. short.]
hawni, Meek & Hayden, 1858, (Monotis

hawni) Trans. Alb. Inst., vol. 4, Up.

Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
hawni var. ovata, Meek & Hayden, 1865,

(Eumicrotis hawni var. ovata) Pal.

Up. Mo., Permian Gr. [Sig. ovate.]
hawni var. sinuata, Meek & Worthen,

1866, (Eumicrotis hawni var. sinuata)

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 2, Up. Coal Meas.

[Sig. sinuated.]
radialis, (?) Phillips, 1834, (Pecten radi-

alis) Encyc. Meth., vol. 4, Coal Meas.

[Sig. radiated.]
Ptekixea, Goldfuss, 1826, Germ. Petref.

[Ety. pteron, a wing.]
appressa, Conrad, 1838, Ann. Rep. N. Y.,

Ham. Gr. [Sig. pressed together.]
arenacea, Hall, 1877, Pal. N. Y., vol. 5,

Chemung Gr. [Sig. sandy.]
bellilineata, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.

Antic. Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. beautifully

lined.]
bisulcata, see Grammysia bisulcata.
brisa, Hall, 1867, 20th Reg. Rep. N. Y.,

Niagara Gr. [Sig. pressed.]
boydi, Conrad, 1842, (Avicula boydi)

Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., vol. 8,

Ham. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
cardiiformis, see Megambonia cardiiformis.
cardinata, Winchell, 1862, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci., Marshall Gr. [Sig. hinged.]
carinata, Goldfuss, see Ambonychia cari-

nata.
chemungensis, Conrad, 1842, (Avicula

chemungensis) Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci.,

vol. 8, Chemung Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
concentrica, Conrad, 1838, Ann. Rep. N.

Y., Ham. Gr. [Sig. concentrically

lined.]
cuneata, see Sanguinolites cuneatus.
curiosa, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.

Antic, Anticosti Gr. [Sig. curious.]

cyrtodontoides, Winchell & Marcy, 1865,

Mem. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., Niagara

Gr. [Sig. like a shell of the genus

Cyrtodonta.]
flabellum, Conrad, 1842, (Avicula flabella)
Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. 8, Up. Held,
and Ham. Gr. [Sig. a little fan.]

LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.

longispina, Hall, 1843, (Avicula longi-

spina) Geo. Rep. 4th Dist. N.Y., Ham.

and Chemung Gr. [Sig. long-spined.]
modiolaris, see Modiolopsis modiolaris.
morganensis, see Avicula morganensis.
orbicularis, see Ambonychia orbicularis.
pholadis, see Orthonota pholadis.
planulata, see Cypricardinia planulata.
prolifica, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.

Antic, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. abundant.]
protexta, Conrad, 1842,( Avicula protexta)

Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. 8, Chemung

Gr. [Sig. closely- woven.]
punctulata, Conrad, 1838, Ann. Rep. N.

Y., Ham. Gr. [Sig. marked with

small dots.]
pygmsea, see Cypricardinia pygmsea.
quadrula, Conrad, 1842, (Avicula quad-

rula) Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. 8,

Ham. Gr. [Sig. a small square.]
radians, see Monotis radians,
revoluta, Winchell & Marcy, 1865, Mem.

Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., Niagara Gr. [Sig.

curled back.]
striato-costata, McChesney, 1861, (Am-
bonychia strieecosta) New Pal. Foss.,

Niagara Gr. [Sig. striated and ribbed. ]
suborbicularis, see Aviculopecten suborbi-

cularis.
subpapyracea, Meek & Worthen, 1866,

Proc. Chi. Acad. Sci., Ham. Gr. [Sig.

somewhat like papyrus.]
thebesensis, Meek & Worthen, 1868, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 3, Niagara Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
thisbe, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.

Antic, Anticosti Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
triquetra, see Mytilarca triquetra.
undata, see Ambonychia undata.
undulata, Meek & Worthen, 1868, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 3, Kinderhook Gr. [Sig.

wavy.]
variostriata, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil.

Foss. Antic, Anticosti Gr. [Sig. va-
riably-lined.]
volans, Winchell & Marcy, 1865, Mem.

Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., Niagara Gr.

[Sig. winged.]
Ptekonitklla, Billings, 1874, Pal. Foss., vol.

2. [Ety. diminutive of Pteronites.]
curta, Bilhngs, 1874, Pal. Foss., vol. 2,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. short.]
oblonga, Billings, 1874, Pal. Foss., vol. 2,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. oblong.]
venusta, Billings, 1874, Pal. Foss., vol. 2,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. beautiful,

lovely.]
Ptkronites, McCoy, 1844, Syn. Carb. Foss.

Ireland. [Ety. Pteron, a wing.]
(?) chemungensis, Hall, 1843, Geo. Rep.

4th Dist. N. Y., Chemung Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
decussata, Hall, 1843, (Avicula decussata)

Geo. Rep. 4th Dist. N. Y., Ham. Gr.

[Sig. arranged in pairs that cross each

other.]

gayensis, Dawson, 1868, Acad. Geo., Low.

Carb. [Ety. proper name.]
lsevis, Hall, 1843, (Avicula lams) Geo.

Rep. 4th Dist. N., Y., Ham. Gr. [Sig.

smooth.]
muricatus, Hall, 1843,(Avicula muricata)

Geo. Rep. 4th Dist. N. Y., Ham. Gr.

[Sig. spiny like a Murex.]
spinigerus, Conrad, 1842, (Avicula spini-

gera) Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. 8,

chemung Gr. [Sig. bearing spines.]
subdecussata, Hall, 1877, Pal. N. Y., vol.

5, Ham. Gr. [Sig. somewhat like

P. decussata.']
Ptychodesma, Hall, 1872, 24th Reg. Rep.

[Ety. ptychos, a folding ; desma, a liga-
ment or band.]
knappanum, Hall, 1872, 24th Reg. Rep.,

Corniferous Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Pykenomceus, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2.

[Ety. pyrenos, Nucula; omoios, similar;

from its resemblance in general form

to the shells of the genus Nucula.]
cuneatus, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,

Clinton Gr. [Sig. wedge-shaped.]
Sanguinolaria, Lamarck, 1801, Syst. An.

sans Vert. [Ety. Sanguinolarius, hav-
ing blood.]
leptogaster, Winchell, 1863, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci., Chemung Gr. [Ety. leptos,

thin ; gaster, belly.]
rostrata, Winchell, 1865, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci., Marshall Gr. [Sig. beaked.]
sectoralis, Winchell, 1862, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci., Marshall Gr. [Sig. like a

sector.]
septentrionalis, Winchell, 1862, Proc

Acad. Nat. Sci., Marshall Gr. [Sig.

northern.]
similis, Winchell, 1862, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci., Marshall Gr. [Sig. similar.]
Sanguinolites, McCoy, 1844, Synop. Carb.

Foss. Ireland. [Ety. Sanguinolaria,

a genus of shells ; lithos, stone.]
acutus, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice Lam.

shells, Ham. Gr. [Sig. acute.]
seolus, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice Lam.

shells, Waverly Gr. [Ety. mytho-
logical name.]
amygdalinus, Winchell, 1863, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci., Chemung Gr. [Sig. like an

almond.]
arcsefornris, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice

Lam. shells, Ham. Gr. [Sig. like a

shell of the genus Area.]
borealis, Winchell, 1862, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci., Marshall Gr. [Sig. northern.]
carinatus, Conrad, 1841, (Cypricardites

carinata) Ann. Rep. N. Y., Ham. Gr.

[Sig. carinated.]
chemungensis, Vanuxem, 1842, (Cypri-
cardites chemungensis) Geo. Rep. N.

Y., ChemungGr. [Ety. proper name.]
clavulus, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice Lam.

shells, Chemung Gr. [Sig. a small

nail.]

LAMELLIBRANCHIAfA.

203

cuneatus, Conrad,1838, (Pterinea cuneata)
Ann. Rep. N. Y., Ham. Gr. [Sig.
wedge-shaped.]
cylindricus, Winchell, 1863, Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci., Marshall Gr. [Sig. cylin-
drical.]
flavius, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice Lam.
shells, Waverly Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]
glaucus, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice Lam.
shells, Ham. Gr. [Ety. mythological
name.]
Jtamiltonemis, see Goniophora hamilton-

ensis.
ida, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice Lam.
shells, Ham. Gr. [Ety. mythological
name.]
iowensis, Winchell, 1863, Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci., Chemung Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]
jejunus, Winchell, 1863, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci., Chemung Gr. [Sig. scanty, poor.]
marshallensis, Winchell, 1862, Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci., Marshall Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]
missouriensis, Swallow, 1860, (Solen (?)
missouriensis) Trans. St. Louis Acad.
Sci., Low. Carb. [Ety. proper name.]
nasutus, Meek, 1871, Am. Jour. Conch.,
vol. 7, Low. Carb. [Sig. having a
prominent nose.]
obliquus, Meek, 1871, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci., Waverly Gr. [Sig. oblique.]
perangulatus, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice
Lam. shells, Schoharie grit. [Sig. very
angular.]
ponderosus, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice
Lam. shells, Up. Held. Gr. [Sig.
bulky, heavv.]
rigidus, White & Whitfield, 1862, (Cypri-
cardia rigidi) Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat.
Hist., Kinderhook Gr. [Sig. rigid.]
sanduskyensis, Meek, 1871, Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci., Corniferous Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]
solenoides, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice
Lam. shells, Ham. Gr. [Sig. like a
shell of the genus Solen.']
strigatus, Winchell, 1865, Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci., Chemung Gr. [Sig. fur-
rowed.]
subtortuosus, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice
Lam. shells, Ham. Gr. [Sig. some-
what twisted.]
sulcifer, Winchell, 1866, Rep. Low Pen-
insula Mich., Ham. Gr. [Sig. bearing
furrows.]
tethys, Billings, 1874, Pal. Foss., vol. 2,
Devonian. [Ety. mythological name.]
truncatus, Conrad, 1842, (Cypricardites
truncatus) Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol.
8, Ham. Gr. [Sig. truncated.]
undatus, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice Lam.

shells, Chemung Gr. [Sig. wavy.]
unioniformis, Winchell, 1862, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci., Marshall Gr. [Sig.
like a shell of the genus Unto.]

valvulus, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice Lam.
shells, Waverly Gr. [Sig. having
small valves, a pod.]
ventricosus, White & Whitfield, 1862,
Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., Chemung
and Kinderhook Gr. [Sig. ventricose.]
Sciiizodus, King, 1844, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.,
vol. 14. [Ety. sckizo, I split ; odous, a
tooth.] v

amplus, Meek & Worthen, 1870, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Coal Meas. [Sig.
full, large.]
appressus, see Cytherodon appressus.
cayuga, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice Lam.
shells, Ham. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
chemungensis, Conrad, 1842, (Nuculites
chemungensis) Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
vol. 8, Chemung Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]
chesterensis, Meek & Worthen, 1865,
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Chester
Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
cuneatus, Meek, 1875, Ohio Pal., vol. 2,

Coal Meas. [Sig. wedge-shaped.]
curtus, Meek & Worthen, 1866, Proc: Chi.

Acad. Sci., Coal Meas. [Sig. short.]
ellipticus, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice Lam.

shells, Ham. Gr. [Sig. elliptical.]
gregarius, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice Lam.

shells, Ham. Gr. [Sig. gregarious.]
medinaensis, Meek, 1871, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phil., vol. 23, Waverly Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]
oblatus, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice Lam.

shells, Chemung Gr. [Sig. oblate.]
obscw-us, see Schizodus wheeled,
ovatus, Meek & Hayden, 1858, (Axinus
ovatus) Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil.,
Permian Gr. [Sig. ovate.]
perelegans, Meek & Worthen, 1870, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Coal Meas. [Sig.
very elegant.]
quadrangularis, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice
Lam. shells, Chemung Gr. [Sig.
quadrangular.]
rhombeus, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice
Lam. shells, Ham. Gr. [Sig. rhomb-
shaped.]
rossicus, Verneuil, 1845, Geo. Russ., vol.
2, Permian Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
triangularis, Swallow, 1858, Trans. St.
Louis Acad. Sci., Permian Gr. [Sig.
triangular.]
tumid us, see Cytherodon tumid us.
wheeled, Swallow, 1862, (Cypricardia (?)
wheeleri) Trans. St. Louis. Acad. Sci.,
Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
Sedgwickia, McCoy, 1844, Synop. Carb. Foss.
Ireland. [Ety. proper name.]
altirostrata, Meek & Hayden, 1858, (Al-
lorisma (?) altirostrata) Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci. Phil., Coal Meas. [Sig. high-
beaked.]
(?) compressa, Meek, 1872, Proc. Acadi
Nat. Sci. Phil./ Cin'ti Gr. [Sig. com-
]

204

LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.

concava, Meek & Hayden, 1858, (Lyonsia

concava) Trans. Alb. Inst., vol. 4, Coal

Meas,. [Sig. concave.]
divaricata, Hall & Whitfield, 1875, Ohio

Pal., vol. 2, Cin'ti Gr. [Sig. from the

diverging plications.]
(?) fragilis, Meek, 1872, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci., Phil., Cin'ti Gr. [Sig. frail, easily

broken.]
(?) neglecta, Meek, 1872, Proc. Acad. Nat

Sci. Phil., Cin'ti Gr. [Sig. neglected,

overlooked.]
subarcuata, Meek & Worthen, 1865, Proc

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Keokuk Gr

[Sig. somewhat arched.]
topekaensis, Shumard, 1858, (Leptodo-

mus topekaensis) Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper

name.]
Solemya, Lamarck, 1818, Hist. Nat. An. sans

Vert., vol. 5. See Solenomya — the

correct orthography, first used by

Menke, 1828, Syn. Meth. Edit.
Solen, Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., 10th ed.

[Ety. Solen, a tube or pipe.]
Scalpriformis, Winch ell, 1862, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci., Marshall Gr. [Sig. lancet-
shaped.]
missouriensis, see Sanguinolites missouri-

ensis.
permianus, Swallow, 1858, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., Permian Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
priscus, Winchell, 1862, Proc. Aead. Nat.

Sci., Portage Gr. [Sig. ancient.]
quadrangularis, Winchell, 1862, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci., Marshall Gr. [Sig.

quadrangular.]
Solenomya, Lamarck, 1818, (Solemya) Hist.

Nat. Anim. sans Vert., vol. 5. [Ety.

from the resemblance to the two

genera Solen and My a.]
anodontoides, Meek, 1875, Ohio Pal., vol.

2, Coal Meas. [Sig. like a shell of the

genus Anodonta.]
biarmica, Verneuil, 1845, Geo. Russ. and

Ural Mountains, Permian Gr. This

species has not been satisfactorily

identified in this country,
radiata, Meek & Worthen, 1860, (Solemya

radiata) Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil.,

Coal Meas. [Sig. radiated.]
recurvata, Swallow, 1858, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., Up. Coal Meas. [Sig.

curved backward.]
soleniformis, Cox, 1857, Geo. Sur. Ky.,

vol. 3, Coal Meas. [Sig. like a shell of

the genus Solen.']
vetusta, Meek, 1871, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.

Phil., Corniferous Gr. [Sig. ancient.]
Solenopsis, McCoy, 1844, Carb. Foss. Ire-
land. [Ety. Solmopsis, resembling a

shell of the genus Solen.]
solenoides, Geinitz, 1866, (Clidophorus

solenoides) Carb. und Dyas in Neb.,

Coal Meas. [Sig. like a shell of the

genus Solen.]

Steeblopteria, McCoy, 1851, Ann. Mag.
Nat. Hist., 2d series, vol. 7. [Ety.
streblos, turned the wrong way ; pteron,
a wing.]

tenuilineata, Meek & Worthen, 1860,
(Pecten tenuilineatus) Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci. Phil., Coal Meas. [Sig. fine-
lined.]
Tellina, Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., 10th ed.
[Ety. telline, a sort of mussel.] This
genus is unknown in the palaeozoic
rocks

(?) ovata, Hall, 1843, Geo. Rep. 4th Dist.
N. Y., Ham. Gr. Syn. for Palseoneilo
maxima.
Tellinomya, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1.
[Ety. from a resemblance to the genera
Tellina and My a.]

abrupta, Billings, 1862, (Ctenodonta ab-
rupta) Pal. Foss., vol. 1, Black River
Gr. [Sig. abrupt.]

sequilatera, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,
Coralline limestone. [Sig. equal-
sided.]

alta, Hall, 1861, Geo. Rep. Wis., Trenton
Gr. [Sig. high.]

anatiniformis, see Pterotheca anatini-
formis. .

angela, Billings, 1865, (Ctenodonta an-
gela) Pal. Foss., vol. 1, Quebec Gr.
[Ety. proper name.]

angustata. Hall, I860, Can. Nat. & Geo.,
vol. 5, Low. Sil. [Sig. narrowed.]

astartiformis, Salter, 1859, (Ctenodonta
astartoeforaiis) Can. Org. Rem., De-
cade 1, Black Riv. Gr. [Ety. like an

attenuata, Hall, 1860, Can. Nat. & Geo.,
vol. 5, Silurian. [Sig. attenuated.]

contracta, Salter, 1859, (Ctenodonta con-
tracta) Can. Org. Rem., Decade 1,
Black Riv. & Trenton Gr. [Sig. con-

curta, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2, Clin-
ton Gr. [Sig. short.]

donaciformis, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y-, vol.
1, Trenton Gr. [Sig. like a shell of
the genus Donax.]

dubia, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1, Black
Riv. & Trenton Gr. [Sig. doubtful.]

elliptica, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,
Clinton Gr. [Sig. elliptical.]

gibberula, Salter, 1859, (Ctenodonta gib-
berula) Can. Org. Rem., Decade 1,
Black Riv. & Trenton Gr. [Sig. a
little hunch-backed.]

gibbosa, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,
Black Riv. & Trenton Gr. [Sig.
gibbous.]

hartsvillensis, Safford, 1859, (Ctenodonta
hartsvillensis) Geo. of Tenn., Nash-
ville Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

hilli, S. A. Miller, 1874, Cin. Quar. Jour.
Sci., Cin'ti Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

inflata, Hall, 1861, Geo. Rep. Wis., Tren-
ton Gr. [Sig. inflated.]

LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.

205

iphigenia, Billings, 1862, (Ctenodonta

iphigenia) Pal. Foss., vol. 1, Hud. Biv.

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
lata, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2, Clin-
ton Gr. [Sig. wide.]
levata, Hall, 1847, (Nucula levata) Pal.

N. Y., vol. 1, Black Riv., Trenton and

Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. smoothed.]
lineata, Phillips, 1836, (Nucula lineata)

Pal. Foss., Ham. Gr. [Sig. lined.]
logani, Salter, 1851, (Ctenodonta logani)

Rep. Brit. Assoc, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
machaeriformis, Hall, 1843,(Nucula mach-

ariformis) Geo. Rep. 4th Dist. N. Y.,

Clinton Gr. [Sig. sword-shaped.]
mactrseformis, Hall, 1843, (Nucula mac-

trseformis) Geo. Rep. 4th Dist. N. Y.,

Clinton Gr. [Sig. trough-like.]
nasuta, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,

Black Riv. & Trenton Gr. [Sig. hav-
ing a prominent nose.]
nucleiformis, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol.

3, Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. nut-shaped.]
nuculiformis, Hall, 1847, (Modiolopsis

nuculiformis) Pal. N. Y., vol. 1, Hud.

Riv. Gr. [Sig. like a Nucula.]
ohliqua, Hall, 1845, (Nucula obliqua)

Am. Jour. Sci., vol. 43, Cin'ti Gr.

[Sig. oblique.]
ovata, Hall, 1861, Geo. Rep. Wis., Trenton

Gr. [Sig. ovate.]
pectunculoides, Hall, 18 71, Pamphlet,

Cin'ti Gr. [Sig. like a shell of the

genus Pectunculus.~\
protensa, Hal), 1852, Stans. Ex. to Gt.

Salt Lake, Coal Meas. [Sig. stretched

out.]
sanguinolarioidea, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y.,

vol. 1, Trenton Gr. [Sig. like Sangui-

nolaria.~\
subnasuta, Hall, 1872, 24th Reg. Rep. N.

Y., Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. somewhat

nasute.]
ventricosa, Hall, 1861, Geo. Rep. Wis.,

Trenton Gr. [Sig. ventricose.]

Tellinopsis, Hall, 1870, Prelim. Notice Lam.
shells. [Ety. tellinopsis, resembling a
shell of the genus Tellina.]

subemarginata, Conrad, 1"842, (Nuculites
submarginatus) Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
vol. 8, Ham. Gr. [Sig. slightly emar-
ginated.]
Ungulina, Daudin, 1802, Bosc. Hist. Nat.
Coq. 3. [Ety. ungulina, like a hoof.]

suborbicularis, see Cardiomorpha suborbi-
cularis.
Vanuxemia, syn. for Cypricardites.

bayfieldi, see Cypricardites bayfieldi.

inconstans, see Cypricardites inconstans.

montrealensis, see Cypricardites montreal-
ensis.

dixonensis, see Cypricardites dixonensis.
Yoldia, Muller, 1842, Kroyer's Nat. Tid.
[Ety. proper name.]

carbonaria, Meek, 1871, Rep. Reg. Uni-
versity W. Va., Coal Meas.- [Sig. per-
taining to coal.]

gibbosa, McChesney, 1859, (Leda gibbosa)
Pal. Foss., Coal Meas. [Sig. gibbous.]

knoxensis, McChesney, 1865, (Leda knox-
ensis) Expl. Pal. Foss., Coal Meas.
[Ety. proper name.]

levistriata, Meek & Worthen, 1860, (Leda
levistriata) Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil.,
St. Louis Gr. [Sig. small-lined.]

oweni, McChesney, 1860, (Leda oweni)
Desc. New Pal. Foss., Coal Meas.
[Ety. proper name.]

polita, McChesney, 1859, (Leda polita)
Pal. Foss., Coal Meas. [Sig. smoothed.]

rushensis, McChesney, 1865, (Leda rush-
ensis) Expl. Pal. Foss., Coal Meas.
[Ety. proper name.]

stevensoni, Meek, 1871, Rep. Reg. Uni-
versity W. Va., Coal Meas. [Ety.
proper name.]

subscitula, Meek & Hayden, 1858, (Leda
subscitula) Trans. Alb. Inst., vol. 4,
Permian Gr. [Sig. somewhat pretty.]

valvulus, Hall, 1872, 24th Reg. Rep.,
Corniferous Gr. [Sig. like the shell
of a bean.]

SUB-KINGDOM ARTICULATA.

First Class,
Second Class,
Third Class,
Fourth Class,
Fifth Class,

ANNELIDA.

CRUSTACEA.

ARACHNIDA.

MYRIAPODA.

INSECTA.

CLASS ANNELIDA.

GENERA. — Arenicolites, Conchicolites, Cornulites, Salterella, Serpulites, Spirorbis.

Arenicolites, Salter, 1856, Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc. [Ety. arena, sand ; colo, I inhabit ;

lithos, stone; circular boles which

appear in twos on the surface of sand-
stones, and having the appearance of

worm-burrows like those of the Areni-

cola.~\
spiralis, as identified by Billings, and

others, Pal. Foss., vol. 2, Huronian

Gr. [Sig. spiral.]
Conchicolites, Nicholson, 1872, Am. Jour.

Sci. [Ety. concha, a shell ; colo, I

dwell ; lithos, a stone.]
corrugatus, Nicholson, 1872, Lond. Geo.

Mag.,vol. 9,Cin'ti Gr. [Sig. corrugated.]
flexuosus, Hall, 1847, (Tentaculites flex-

uosus) Pal. N. Y., vol. 1, Trenton &

Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. flexuous.l
intermedius, Nicholson, 1874, (Ortonia

intermedia) Geo. Mag., n. s., vol. 1,

Ham. Gr. [Sig. intermediate.]
minor, Nicholson, 1873, (Ortonia minor)

Lond. Geo. Mag., vol. 10, Cin'ti Gr.

[Sig. less.]
Cornulites, Schlotheim, 1820, Petrefacten-

kunde. [Ety. cornu, horn ; lithos,

stone.]
arcuatus, Conrad, 1848, Jour. Acad. Nat.

Sci., vol. 8, Niagara Gr. [Sig. bent,

bow-shaped.]
flexuosus, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,

Clinton Gr. [Sig. wavy.]
flexuosus ear. gracilis, Hall, 1860, Can.

Nat. & Geo., vol. 5, Silurian. [Sig.

slender.]
proprius, Hall, 1876, 28th Reg. Rep. N. Y.,

Niagara Gr. [Sig. peculiar, lasting.]

Ortonia, Nicholson, 1872, Lond. Geo. Mag.,
vol. 9. This is a synonym for Conch-
icolites, if indeed both are not syn-
onyms for Cornulites.

conica, syn. for Conchicolites flexuosus.

intermedia, see Conchicolites intermedius.

minor, see Conchicolites minor.
Salterella, Billings, 1861, Pal. Foss., vol.
1. [Ety. proper name.]

billingsi, Safford, 1869, Geo. of Tenn.,
Trenton Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

obtusa, Billings, 1861, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,
Potsdam Gr. [Sig. obtuse.]

pulchella, Billings, 1861, Pal. Foss., vol.
1, Potsdam Gr. [Sig. very beautiful.]

rugosa, Billings, 1861, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,
Potsdam Gr. [Sig. wrinkled.]
Serpida, Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., 10th ed.
[Ety. serpo, to creep.]

omphalodes, see Spirorbis omphalodes.

valvata, see Spirorbis valvatus.
Serpulites, McLeay, 1839, Murch. Sil. Syst.
[Ety. Serpula, a genus of annelids.]

anhulatus, Dawson, 1868, Acad. Geol.,
Carboniferous. [Sig. ringed.]

dissolutus, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol.
1, Trenton Gr. [Sig. weak, broken.]

hortonensis, Dawson, 1868, Acad. Geol.,
Carboniferous. [Ety. proper name.]

inelegans, Dawson, 1868, Acad. Geol.,
Carboniferous. [Sig. not elegant.]

murchisoni, Hall, 1861, Geo. Rep. Wis.,
Potsdam Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

splendens, Billings, 1859, Can. Nat. and
Geo., vol. 4, Chazy Gr. [Sig. splendid. ]

ANNELIDA.

207

Spirokbis, Lamarck, 1801, Syst. An. sans
Vert. [Sig. spiral-whorl.]

ammon, Winchell, 1866, Rep. Low. Pen-
insula Mich., Ham. Gr. [Ety. mytho-
logical name.]

angulatus, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep.
N.Y., Ham. Gr. [Sig. angular.]

angulatus, Dawson, 1868. The name was
preoccupied.

annulatus, Hall, 1858, Trans. Alb. Inst.,
vol. 4, Warsaw Gr. [Sig. ringed.]

annulatus var. nodulosus, Hall, 1858,
Trans. Alb. Inst., vol. 4, Warsaw Gr.
[Sig. full of knots.]

arietinus, Dawson, 1869, Rep. of Progr.,
Coal Meas. [Sig. resembling a ram's
horn.]

arkonensis, Nicholson, 1874, Geo. Mag.,
vol. 1, Ham. Gr, [Ety. proper name.]

carbonarius, Dawson, 1845, Quar. Jour.
Geo. Soc., vol. 1, Coal Meas. [Sig.
pertaining to coal.]

flexuosus, Hall, 1863, Trans. Alb. Inst.,
vol. 4, Niagara Gr. [Sig. bent.]

inornatus, Hall, 1863, Trans. Alb. Inst.,
vol. 4, Niagara Gr. [Sig. not orna-
mented.]

laxus, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3, Low.
Held. Gr. [Sig. loose.]

obesus, Winchell, 1866, Rep. Low. Pen-
insula Mich., Ham. Gr. [Sig. plump
in form.]

orbiculostoma, Swallow, 1858, Trans. St.
Louis Acad. Sci., Permian Gr. [Sig.
orbicular-mouthed . ]

valvatus, Goldfuss, 1826, (Serpula valvata).
Not American.

CLASS CKUSTACEA.

FAMILY ACIDASPID^E.— Acidaspis, Terataspis.

FAMILY AGLASPIDiE— Aglaspis.

FAMILY AGNOSTID^E.— Agnostus, Shumardia.

FAMILY ASAPHID^E. — Asaphus, Bathyurellus, Bathyurus, Dolichometopus, Ilkenus,

Illsenurus, Isotelus, Megalaspis, Nileus, Ogygia.
FAMILY BRONTEIDyE.-Bronteus.

FAMILY CALYMENID.E.— Arges, Calymene, Homalonotus.
FAMILY CERAURIDiE. — Amphion, Ceraurus, Encrinurus, Sphserexochus.
FAMILY CONOCEPHALIDJE.— Conocephalites, Conocoryphe, Crepicephalus, Dicello-

cephalus, Ptychaspis, Solenopleura.
FAMILY CYPHxYSPID^.— Cyphas.

FAMILY CYTHERID/E.— Cythere, Cytherina, Cytheropsis.

FAMILY ETJRYPTERIDiE.— -Anthraconectes, Dolichopteris, Eurypterus, Pterygotus.
FAMILY HARPEDID.E.— Harpes, Harpides.

FAMILY LEPERDITIID^E.— Beyrichia, Isochilinia, Leperditia, Primitia.
FAMILY LICHASID.E.— Lichas.
FAMILY PARADOXIDiE— Agraulos, Anapolenus, Arionellus, Bathynotus, Chario-

cephalus, Loganellus, Menocephalus, Olenellus, Olenus, Paradoxides, Remopleu-

rides, Telephus, Triarthrella, Triarthrus.
FAMILY PHACOPID^E.— Dalmanites, Phacops, Thaleops.

FAMILY PROETID^E.— Phillipsia, Prcetus. [cleus.

FAMILY TRINUCLEIDvE. — Ampyx, Endymionia, Holometopus, Microdiscus, Trinu-
ORDER AMPHIPODA.— Diplostylus.
ORDER CIRRHOPODA.— Plumulites.
ORDER ISOPODA— Acanthotelson.

ORDER MACRURA. — Anthraeopalsemon, Archseocaris, Palseocaris.
ORDER PHYLLOPODA. — Ceratiocaris, Dithyrocaris, Leaia, Solenocaris.
ORDER STOMAPODA.— Amphipeltis.
ORDER XYPHOSURA.— Euproops.
INCERTyE SEDIS. — Climachtichnites, Diplichnites, Helminthoidichnites, Protichnites,

Rusichnites.

Acantfwloma, syn. for Acidaspis.

gpinosa, syn. for Acidaspis tuberculata.
Acanthotelson, Meek & Worthen, 1860,

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. [Ety. akantha,

a spine; telson, the end.]
eveni. Meek & Worthen, 1868, Am. Jour.

Sci., vol. 46, Coal Meas. [Ety. proper

name.]
iruequalis, syn. for Palseocaris typus.
stimpsoni, Meek & Worthen, 1865, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci., Coal Meas. [Ety.

proper name.]

Acidaspis, Murchison, 1839, Sil. Syst. [Ety.

akis, a spear-point; aspis, a shield.]
anchoralis, S. A. Miller, 1875, Cin. Quar.

Jour. Sci., Cin. Gr. [Sig. anchor-like.]
ceralepta, Anthony, 1838, (Ceratocephala

ceralepta) Am. Jour. Sci., Cin'ti Gr.

Not clearly denned,
cincinnatiensis, Meek, 1873, Ohio Pal.,

vol. 1, Cin'ti Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
crosotus, Locke, 1843, Am. Jour. Sci., vol.

44, Cin'ti Gr. [Ety. crossotos, fringed.]

The word is misspelled— it should be

crossota.

CRUSTACEA.

209

danai, Hall, 1862, Geo. Sur. Wis., Niagara

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
criopis, see Terataspis eriopis.
qrcmdis, see Terataspis grandis.
halli, Shumard, 18 55, Geo. Sur. Mo

Trenton Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
haniata, Conrad, 1841, (Dieranurus luuu-

atus) Ann. Rep. N. Y., Low. Held.

Gr. [Sig. hooked.]
horani, Billings, 185 9, Rep. of Progr.,

Trenton Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
iila, svn. for Aeidaspis danai.
onealli, S. A. Miller, 1875, Cin. Quar.

Jour. Sci., vol. 2, Cin'ti Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
parvula, Walcott, 1877, 29th Reg. Rep.

N. Y., Trenton Gr. [Sig. very small.]
tpiniger, see Bathvurus spiniger.
trentonensis, Hail, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol.

1, Trenton Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
tuberculata, Conrad, 1840, Ann. Rep. N.

Y., Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. tubercu-

lated.]
Aglaspis, Hall, 1863, 16th Reg. Rep. & 1862,

Can. Nat. & Geo., vol. 6. [Ety. Aglaos,

bright; swu, shield.]
barrandi, Hall, 1863, 16th Reg. Rep. N.

Y., Potsdam Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
A.GNOST0S, Brongniart, 1822, Hist. Nat. Crust.

Foss. [Ety. agnostos, obscure.]
acadicus, Hartt, 1868, Acad. Geol., St.

John's Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
americanus, Billings, 1860, Can. Nat. &

Geol., vol. 5, Quebec Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
bidens, Meek, 1872, Hayden's Geo. Rep.,

Potsdam Gr. [Sig. two-pronged.]
canadensis, Billings, 1860, Can. Nat. &

Geol., vol. 5, Quebec Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
coloradoensis, Shumard, 1861, Am. Jour.

Sci. & Arts, Potsdam Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
disparilis, Hall, 1863, 16th Reg. Rep. N.

Y., Potsdam Gr. [Sig. unequal.]
fabius, Billings, 186-5, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Quebec Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
galba, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Quebec Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
interstrictus, White, 1874, Rep. Invert.

Foss., Potsdam Gr. [Sig. drawn to-
gether.]
josepha, Hall, 1863, 16th Reg. Rep. N. Y.,

Potsdam Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
fate*, see Beyrichia lata,
lobatus, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,

Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. lobate.]
maladensis, Meek, 1872, Hayden's Geo.

Rep., Calciferous Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
nobilis, Ford, 1872, Am. Jour. Sci., 3rd

series, vol. 3, Potsdam Gr. [Sig. ex-
cellent.]
orion, Billings, 1860, Can. Nat. & Geol.,

vol. 5, Quebec Gr. [Ety. mythological

name.]
parilis, Hall, 1863, 16th Reg. Rep. N. Y.,

Potsdam Gr. [Sig. like, equal.]

similis, Hartt, 1868, Acad. Geol., St. John's

Gr. [Sig. similar, from resemblance

to A. acadicus.']
A(.k.ulos, Corda, 1847, Bohemian Trilobites.

[Ety. proper name.]
affinis, Billings, 1874, Pal. Foss., vol. 2,

Potsdam Gr. [Sig. near to; closely

allied to A. socialis.]
oweni, Meek & Hayden, 1861, (Arionel-

lus oweni) Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil.,

Potsdam Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
socialis, Billings, 1874, Pal. Foss., vol. 2,

Potsdam Gr. [Sig. living in groups.]
strenuus, Billings, 1874, Pal. Foss., vol.

2, Potsdam Gr. [Sig. vigorous.]
Amimiiox, Pander, 18:50, Beitrage zur Geog-

nosie des Russischen Reiches. [Ety.

mythological name.]
barrandi, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Quebec Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
canadensis, Billings, 1859, Can. Nat. and

Geol., vol. 4, Chazy Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
convexus, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol.

1, Quebec Gr. [Sig. convex.]
insularis, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Quebec Gr. [Sig. on an island.]
julius, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Quebec Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
matutinus, Hall, 1863, 16th Reg. Rep. N.

Y., Potsdam Gr. [Sig. in the morning.]
multkegmentatus, see Encrinurus multiseg-

mentatus.
salteri, Billings, 1861, Can. Nat. & Geol.,

vol. 6, Calciferous Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
westoni, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Quebec Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Amphipeltis, Salter, 1863, Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc, vol. 19. [Ety. amphi, doubtful :

peliis, provided

buckler.]

with a shield or

paradoxus, Salter, 1863, Quar. Jour. Geo.
Soc, vol. 19, Devonian. [Sig. extra-
ordinary.]
Ampyx, Dalman, 1827, Monograph of Trilo-
bites. [Ety. mythological name.]

halli, Billings, 1861, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,
Chazy Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

laeviusculus, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss.,
Quebec Gr. [Sig. quite smooth.]

normalis, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol.

1, Quebec Gr. [Sig. according to the
square.]

rutilius, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Quebec Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
semicostatus, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss.,

vol. 1, Quebec Gr. [Sig. half-ribbed.]
AxopoLExrs, Salter, 1864, Geo. Mag., vol. 1.

[Ety. a, without ; ops, an eye ; olena,

convexity.]
venustus, Billings, 1874, Pal. Foss., vol.

2, Low. Potsdam Gr. [Sig. beautiful.]
Axthraconectes, Meek & Worthen, 1868,

Am. Jour. Sci., vol. 46. [Ety. anthrax,
coal ; nectos, swimming.] A subgenus
of Eurypterus, founded upon E.
mazontnsis, as the type.

210

CRUSTACEA.

Anthracopal^emon, Salter, 1861, Quar. Jour.

Geo. Soc. Lond., vol. 17. [Ety. an-
thrax, coal ; pakemon, ancient prawn

or shrimp.]
gracilis, Meek & Worthen, 1865, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Coal Meas. [Sig.

slender.]
hillanus, Dawson, 1877, Geo. Mag., Coal

Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
Arciijeocaris, Meek, 1872, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci. Phil. [Ety. archaios, ancient;

karis, a shrimp.]
vermiformis, Meek, 1872, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci. Phil., Low. Carb. [Sig. worm-
shaped.]
Arges, Goldfuss, 1839, Nova Acta Phys.

Acad. Caes. Leop. Nat. Cur. [Ety.

mythological name.]
phlyctainodes, Green, 1837, (Calymene

phlyctainodes) Am. Jour. Sci., vol. 32,

Niagara Gr. [Sig. pimplj', pustulous.]
Arionellus, Barrande, 1852, Syst. Sil. Boh.

[Ety. diminutive of Arion, a generic

name.]
bipunctatus, Shumard, 1863, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., Potsdam Gr. [Sig.

double-dotted.]
cylindricus, Billings, 1860, Can. Nat. &

Geo*, vol. 5. Quebec Gr. [Sig. cylin-
drical.]
oweni, see Agraulos oweni.
planus, Shumard, 1861, Am. Jour. Sci.,

Potsdam Gr. [Sig. flat.]
pustulatus, Walcott, 1877, 29th Reg. Rep.

N. Y., Chazy Gr. [Sig. pustulated.]
subclavatus, Billings, 1860, Can. Nat. &

Geo., vol. 5, Quebec Gr. [Sig. some-
what club-shaped.]
texanus, Shumard, 1861, Am. Jour. Sci.,

Potsdam Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
tripunctatus, Whitfield, 1876, Rep. Recon.

Up. Mo. to Yel. Nat. Park, Potsdam

Gr. [Sig. three-dotted.]
Asaphiscm, Meek. Syn. for Bathyurellus.

wheeleri, see Bathyurellus wheeleri.
Asaphus, Brongniart, 1822, Hist. Nat. Crust.

Foss. [Ety. asaphus, uncertain, ob-
scure.]
acantholeurus, see Dalmanites acantholeu-

rus.
alacer, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.

Antic, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. lively,

quick.]
aspectans, Conrad, see Dalmanites aspect-

ans.
astragalotes, Green, 1834, Am. Jour. Sci.,

vol. 25, (?) Gr. [Sig. having vertebras.]
barrandi, Hall, 1851, Lake Sup. Land.

Dist., Birdseye Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
canadensis, Chapman, 1856, Can. Jour.,

vol. 2, Trenton Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
canalis, see Isotelus canalis.
cory<xms, see Proetus corycceus.
crypturus, Green, 1827, Am. Jour. Sci.,

vol. 13, Up. Sil. [Sig. concealed tail.]

curiosus, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,
Quebec Gr. [Sig. curious.]

dentieulatus, see Dalmanites denticulatus.

diurus, Green, 1840, Am. Jour. Sci., vol.
37, Niagara Gr. Probably the frag-
ment of a Dalmanite.

extans, see Bathyurus oxtans.

gigas, see Isotelus gigas.

goniocercus, Meek, 1872, Hayden's Geo.
Rep., Quebec Gr. [Sig. angular-tailed.]

goniurus, Billings, 18(i8, Can. Nat., vol.
5, Quebec Gr. [Sig. angular-tailed.]

halli, Conrad, 1840, syn. for Dalmanites
boothi.

halli, Chapman, 1858, Ann. & Mag. Nat.
Hist., 3rd ser., vol. 2, Trenton Gr.
[Ety. proper name.]

hausmani, Brongniart, as identified by
D'Archiac and Verneuil. Not Amer-
ican.

hincksi, Salter, 1859, Ann. & Mag. Nat.
Hist., 3rd series, vol. 4, Trenton Gr.
[Ety. proper name.]

homalonotoides, Walcott, 1877, 29th Reg.
Rep. N. Y., Trenton Gr. [Sig. like
Homalonotns.~]

huttoni, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., Quebec
Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

illaanoides, Billings, 1860, Can. Nat., vol.
5, Quebec Gr. [Sig. like an Ulaenus.]

iowensis, Owen, 1852, Geo. Wis., Iowa
and Minn., Trenton Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]

laticostatus, syn. for Dalmanites anchiops.

latirnarginatus, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y.,
vol. 1, Trenton and Hud. Riv. Gr.
[Sig. broad-margined.]

limulurus, see Dalmanites limulurus.

marginalis, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,
Chazy Gr. [Sig. having a margin.]

megalopthalmus, Troost, 1840, 5th Geo.
Tenn., Niagara Gr. Not clearly de-
fined, but probably a Dalmanites.

meghtos, see Isotelus megistos.

micrurus, see Dalmanites micrurus.

morrisi, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., Que-
bec Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

myrmecopltorus, see Dalmanites myrme-
cophorus.

nasutus, see Dalmanites nasutus.

notans, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.
Antic, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. marked.]

obtusus, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y, vol. 1,
Chazy Gr. [Sig. obtuse.]

pelops, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., Quebec
Gr. [Ety. mythological name.]

platycephalus, Stokes, 1823, Geo. Trans.,
vol. 1, Trenton Gr. [Sig. flat-headed.]

platypleurus, Green, 1837, Am. Jour. Sci.,
vol. 32, Low. Sil. [Sig. flat-sided.]

pleuropteryx, see Dalmanites pleuropteryx.

polypleurus, Green, 1838, Am. Jour. Sci.,
vol. 34, Keokuk Gr. [Ety. many-
ribbed.] Probably a Phittipsia.

quadraticaudatus, Billings, 1865, Pal.
Foss., Quebec Gr. [Sig. square-tailed.]

CRUSTACEA.

211

romingeri, Waloott, 1876, Desc. New Pal.
Foss., Black Riv. & Trenton Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]

selenurus, see DalirJanites selenurus.

stokesi, see Proetus stokesi.

tetragonocephalus,Green, 1834,Arn. Jour.
Sci., vol. 25. [Sig. square-headed.]

trentonensis, see Lichas trentonensis.

trimblii, Green, 1837, Jour. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phil., vol. 7, Niagara Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]

vetustus, Hall, 1847, (Ogvgia vetustus)
Pal. N. Y., vol. 1, Trenton & Hud.
Riv. Gr. [Sig. ancient.]

wisconsinensis, Walcott, 1876, Desc. New
Sp. Foss., Trenton Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]
Atops, Emmons. Syn. for Triarthrus.

trilineatus, see Triarthrus trilineatus.
Barrandia, Hall, 1860. The name was pre-
occupied by McCov 1849, and Ole-
nellus was afterwards substituted.

thompsoni, see Olenellus thompsoni.

vermontana, see Olenellus vermontanus.
Bathyxotu.s, Hall, 1860, 18th Reg. Rep. N.
Y. [Ety. bathys, ample; notos, the
back ; in allusion to the ample central
lobe or axis of the typical species.]

holopvga, Hall, 1859, (Olenellus holo-
pyga) 12th Reg. Rep. N. Y., Potsdam
Gr. [Ety. holos, entire, all ; pygos,
rump.]
BathyUKEllus, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss.
[Ety. diminutive of Batkt/urut,oi which
it is a subgenus.]

abruptus, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., Que-
bec Gr. [Sig. abrupt.]

bradleyi, Meek, 1872, Hayden'sGeo. Rep.,
Quebec Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

expansus, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., Que-
bec Gr. [Sig. spread out.]

formosus, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., Que-
bec Gr. [Sig. beautiful.]

fraternus, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., Que-
bec Gr. [Sig. fraternal.]

litoreus, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., Que-
bec Gr. [Sig. occurring on the beach.]

marginatus, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., Que-
bec Gr. [Sig. bordered.]

nitidus, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., Quebec
Gr. [Sig. neat, pretty.]

rarus, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., Quebec
Gr. [Sig. rare.]

truncatus, Meek, 1872, Hayden's Geo.
Rep., Potsdam Gr. [Sig. truncated.]

validus/Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., Quebec
Gr. [Sig. strong.]

wheeleri, Meek, 18 72, Hayden's Geo.

Rep., Quebec Gr. [Ety. propername.]

BATiiYtRus, Billings, 1859, Can. Nat. &

Geo., vol. 4. [Ety. bathys, deep; oura,

the tail.]

amplimarginatus, Billings, 1859, Can.
Nat. & Geo., vol. 4, Calciferous Gr.
[Sig. full-bordered.]

angelini, Billings, 1859, Can. Nat. &
Geol., vol. 4, Chazy Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]

arcuatus, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Quebec Gr. [Sig. bent.]
armatus, Billings, 1860, Can. Nat. &

Geo., vol. 5, Quebec Gr. [Sig. armed.]
bituberculatus, Billings, 1860, Can. Nat

& Geol., vol. 5, Quebec Gr. [Sig.

double-tuberculated. ]
breviceps, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol.

1, Quebec Gr. [Sig. short-headed.]
capax, Billings, 1860, Can. Nat. & Geol.,

vol. 5, Quebec Gr. [Sig. large.]
caudatus, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol.

1, Quebec Gr. [Sig. having a tail.]
conicus, Billings, 1859, Can. Nat. & Geo.,

vol. 4, Calciferous Gr. [Sig. conical.]
cordai, Billings, 1860, Can. Nat. & Geol.,

vol. 5, Calciferous Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
cybele, Billings, 1859, Can. Nat. & Geol.,

vol. 4, Calciferous Gr. [Ety. mytho-
logical name.]
dubius, Billings. 1860, Can. Nat. & Geol.,

vol. 5, Quebec Gr. [Sig. doubtful.]
extans, Hall, 1847, (Asaphus extans) Pal.

N. Y., vol. 1, Trenton Gr. [Sig. stand-
ing up.]
gregarius, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol.

1, Potsdam Gr. [Sig. occurring in

flocks.]
haydeni, Meek, 1872, Hayden's Geo. Rep.,

Potsdam Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
longispinus, Walcott, 1876, Desc. New

Sp. Foss., Black Riv. & Trenton Gr.

[Sig. long-spined.]
minganensis, Billings, 1S65, Pal. Foss.,

vol. 1, Calciferous Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
nero, Billings. 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Quebec Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
oblongus, Billings, 1860, Can. Nat. &

Geol., vol.5, Quebec Gr. [Sig. oblong.]
parvulus, Billings, 1861, Pal. Foss., vol.

1, Potsdam Gr. [Sig. very small.]
perplexus, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol.

1, Potsdam Gr. [Sig. intricate, per-
plexing.]
perspicator, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol.

1, Quebec Gr. [Sig. sharp-sighted;

from the large eyes.]
quadratus, Billings, 1860, Can. Nat. &

Geo., vol. 5, Quebec Gr. [Sig. square-
shaped.]
saffordi, Billings, 1860, Can. Nat. &Geo.,

vol. 5, Quebec Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
senectus, Billings, 1861, Pal. Foss., vol.

1, Potsdam Gr. [Sig. extreme age.]
serratus, Meek, 1872, Hayden's Geo. Rep.,

Potsdam Gr. [Sig. serrated. ]
smithi, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Black Riv. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
solitarius, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol.

1, Quebec Gr. [Sig. solitary.]
spiniger, Hall, 1847, (Acidaspis spiniger)

Pal. N. Y, vol. 1, Black Riv. & Tren-
ton Gr. [Sig. spiny.]
strenuus, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol.

1, Quebec Gr. [Sig. vigorous.]

212

CRUSTACEA.

timon, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss. vol. 1,

Quebec Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
vetulus, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Potsdam Gr. [Sig. old.]
Belinurus, Konig, 1825, Icones Fossilium

Sectiles. [Ety. belos, a dart ; oura, the

tail.]
danse, see Euproops danse.
Beyrichia, McCoy, 1850, Syn. Sil. Foss. Ire-
land. [Ety. proper name.]
sequilatera, Hall, 1860, Can. Nat. & Geo.,

vol. 5, Silurian. [Sig. equal sided.]
atlantica, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol.

1, Quebec Gr. [Ety. mythological

name.]
chambersi, S. A. Miller, 1874, Cin. Quar.

Jour. Sci., vol. 1, Cin'ti Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
ciliata, Emmons, 1855, American Geo.,

Cin'ti Gr. [Sig. haired on the margin.]
cincinnatiensis, S. A. Miller, 1875, Cin.

Quar. Jour. Sci., vol. 2, Cin'ti Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
clathrata, Jones, 1858, Ann. & Mag. Nat.

Hist., 3rd series, vol. 1, Niagara Gr.

[Sig. latticed.]
decora, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.

Antic, Anticosti Gr. [Sig. suitable.]
duryi, S. A. Miller, 1874, Cin. Quar. Jour.

Sci., vol. 1, Cin'ti Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
foetoidea, White & St. John, 1868, Trans.

Chi. Acad. Sci., Up. Coal Meas. [Sig.

like a tumor.]
granulosa, Hall, 1876, 28th Reg. Rep. N.

Y., Niagara Gr. [Sig. granular.]
granulata, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. granulated.]
jonesi, Dawson, 1868, Acad. Geol., Car-
boniferous. [Ety. proper name.]
lata, Vanuxem, 1842, (Agnostus latus)

Geo. Rep. N. Y., Clinton Gr. [Sig.

wide.]
lithofactor, White & St. John, 1868, Prel.

Notice of New Foss.,Coal Meas. [Sig.

made of stone.]
logani, Jones, 1858, Ann. Nat. Hist., 3rd

ser., vol. 1, Chazy Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
logani var. leperditoides, Jones, 1858,

Can. Org. Rem., Decade 3, Chazy Gr.

[Sig. like the genus Leperditia.]
reniformis, Jones, 1858, Can. Org. Rem.,

Decade 3, Chazy Gr. [Sig. kidney-
shaped.]
maccoyana, Jones, 1855, Ann. & Mag. Nat.

Hist., 2d ser., vol. 16, Onondaga Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
notata, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. marked.]
notata var. ventricosa, Hall, 1859, Pal. N.

Y., vol. 3, Low. Held. Gr. [Sig.

bulged out.]
oculifera, Hall, 1871, Pamphlet.Cin'ti Gr.

[Sig. bearing eyes.]
oculina, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. having eyes.]

pennsylvanica, Jones, 1858, Ann. & Mag.

Nat. Hist., 3rd ser., vol. 1, Onondaga

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
petrifactor, White & St. John, 1868, Trans.

Chi. Acad. Sci., St. Louis Gr. [Sig.

made of stone.]
petrifactor var. velata, White & St. John,

1868, Trans. Chi. Acad. Sci., St. Louis

Gr. [Sig. covered.]
plagosa, Jones, 1858, Ann. & Mag. Nat.

Hist., 3rd ser., vol. 1, Niagara Gr.

[Sig. full of stripes.]
punctulifera, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep.

N. Y., Ham. Gr. [Sig. bearing punc-
tures.] •
pustulosa, Hall, 1860, Can. Nat. & Geo.,

vol. 5, Silurian. [Sig. covered with

pustules. ]
quadrilirata, syn. for Beyrichia regularis.
regularis, Emmons, 1855, Am. Geol.,

Cin'ti Gr. [Sig. formed in bars.]
richardsoni, S. A. Miller, 1874, Cin. Quar.

Jour. Sci., vol. 1, Cin'ti Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
rugulifera, Jones, 1858, Ann. & Mag. Nat.

Hist., 3rd series, vol. 1, Niagara Gr.

[Sig. bearing wrinkles.]
sigillata, Jones, 1858, Ann. & Mag. Nat.

Hist., 3rd series, vol. 1, Niagara Gr.

[Sig. adorned with figures.]
spinosa, Hall, 1852, (Cytherina spinosa)

Pal. N. Y., vol. 2, Niagara Gr. [Sig.

covered with spines.]
striato-marginata, S. A. Miller, 1874, Cin.

Quar. Jour. Sci., vol. 1, Cin'ti Gr.

[Sig. having a striated margin.]
symmetrica, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,

Niagara Gr. [Sig. symmetrical.]
trisulcata, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. three-furrowed.]
tumifrom, syn. for Beyrichia ciliata.
venusta, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.

Antic, Anticosti Gr. [Sig. beautiful.]
Brongniartia, Eaton, 1832, Geo. Text Book.

Syn. for Asaphus.
Bronteus, Goldfuss, 1843, in Burmeister,

Mon. Tri. [Ety. mythological name.]
acamas, Hall, 1865, 20th Reg. Rep. N. Y,

Niagara Gr. [Ety. mythological

name.]
barrandi, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Low. Held. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
insularis, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.

Antic, Anticosti Gr. [Sig. upon an

island.]
lunatus, Billings, 1857, Rep. of Progr.,

Trenton Gr. [Sig. crescent-formed.]
niagarensis, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y., vol. 2,

Niagara Gr. [Ety. proper name]
occasus, syn. for Bronteus acamas.
Bumastus, Murchison, 1839, Sil. Syst. See

Ulsenus.
barriensis, see Illamus barriensis.
trentonemis, see Illsenus trentonensis.

CRUSTACEA.

213

Calymene, Brongniart, 1822, Hist. Nat.
Crust. Foss. [Ety. kekalymenos, con-
cealed.]

anchiops, see Dalmanites, anchiops.

becki, see Triarthrus becki.

blumenbachi, Brongniart, 1822, Hist. Nat.
Crust. Foss., Niagara Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]

bucklandi, syn. for Ceraurus pleurexan-
themus.

bufo, see Phacops bufo.

callicephala, Green, 1832, Monograph
Trilobites, Cin'ti Gr. [Sig. beautiful
head.]

camerata, Conrad, 1842, Jour. Acad. Nat.
Sci., vol. 8, Coralline limestone. [Sig.
arched.]

christyi, Hall, 1800, 13th Reg. Rep. N.Y.,
Cin'ti Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

clintoni, Vanuxem, (Hemicrypturus clin-
toni) Geo. Rep. 3rd Dist. N. Y., Clin-
ton Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

crassimarginata, see Proetus crassimargi-
natus.

mammillata, Hall, 1801, Geo. Rep. Wis.,
Trenton Gr. [Sig. covered with nip-
ples.]

jnarginalis, see Proetus marginalis.

multicosta, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,
Trenton Gr. [Sig. having many ribs.]

niagarensis, Hall, 1843, Geo.Rep. 4th Dist.
N. Y., Niagara Gr. [Ety. proper
name.] This is the American variety
of C. blumenbachi.

mipera, see Phacops nuperus.

odontocephala, syn. for Dalmanites selenu-
rus.

phlyctainodes, see Arges phlyctainodes.

platys, Green, 1832, Monograph of Trilo-
bites, Schoharie grit. [Sig. broad.]

roirii, see Proetus rowii.

rugosa, Shumard, 1855, Geo. Rep. Mo.,
Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. wrinkled.]

senaria, Conrad, 1841, Ann. Rep. N. Y.,
Trenton & Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. is
said to be in allusion to six tubercles
on the buckler, but the application is
not evident.] It is a syn. for C. calli-
cephala.

spiaifera. Not defined.

trisulcata, Hall, 1843, Geo. Rep. 4th Dist.
N. Y., Clinton Gr. [Sig. three-fur-
rowed.]
Ceratiocaris, McCoy, 1849, Ann. & Mag.
Nat. Hist., 2d ser., vol. 4. [Ety. kera-
tion, a pod ; karis, shrimp.]

aculeata, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,
Waterlime Gr. [Sig. armed with
sharp points.]

acuminata, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol.
3, AVaterliine Gr. [Sig. sharp-pointed.]

armata, Hall, 1803, 10th Reg. Rep. N.
Y., Ham. Gr. [Sig. armed.]

bradleyi, Meek, 1872, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phil., Low. Carb. [Ety. proper
name.]

deweyi, Hall, 1859, (Onchus deweyi) Pal.
N. Y., vol. 2, Niagara Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]

elytroides, Meek, 1872, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phil., Low. Carb. [Sig. like the
elytra of Beetles.]

longicauda, Hall, 1803, 10th Reg. Rep.
N. Y., Genesee slate. [Sig. long-
tailed.]

maccoyana, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol.
3, Waterlime Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

punctata, Hall, 1803, 10th Reg. Rep. N.
Y., Ham. Gr. [Sig. punctured.]

sinuata, Meek & Worthen, 1808, Am.
Jour. Sci., vol. 40, Coal Meas. [Sig.
marked with depressions.]

strigata, Meek, 1872, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phil., Low. Carb. [Sig. furrowed,
grooved.]
Ceratocephala, Warder. Not defined so as to
be recognized.

ceralepta, Anthony, a fragment of the tail
of a Ceraurus pleurexanthemus or of an
Acidaspis.

goniata, Warder, a fragment of a Dalman-
ites or an Acidaspis.
Ceraurus, Green, 1832, Monograph Trilob-
ites. [Ety. keras, a horn; oura, the
tail.]

apollo, Billings, 1800, Can. Nat. & Geol.,
vol. 5, Quebec Gr. [Ety. mythological
name.]

bimucronatus, see Ceraurus niagarensis.

crosotus, see Acidaspis crosotus.

eryx, Billings, 1800, Can. Nat. & Geo.,
vol. 5, Quebec Gr. [Ety. mythologi-
cal name.]

glaucus, Billings, 1805, Pal. Foss., Quebec
Gr. [Ety. mythological name,]

icarus, Billings, 1850, Can. Nat. & Geol.,
vol. 5, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Ety. mytho-
logical name.]

insignis, see Ceraurus niagarensis.

mercurius, Billings, 1805, Pal. Foss., Que-
bec Gr. [Ety. mythological name.]

niagarensis, Hall, 1807, 20th Reg. Rep.,
Niagara Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

numitor, Billings, 1800, Catal. Sil. Foss.
Antic, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Ety. mytho-
logical name.]

nuperus, Billings, 1800, Catal. Sil. Foss.
Antic, Anticosti Gr. [Sig. late, re-
cent.]

perforator, Billings, 1805, Pal. Foss., Que-
bec Gr. [Sig. a borer through.]

pleurexanthemus, Green, 1832, Monog.
Trilobites, Trenton and Hud. Riv. Gr.
[Ety. pleura, a side ; exanthema, break-
ing out.]

polydorus, Billings, 1805, Pal. Foss., Que-
bec Gr. [Ety. mythological name.]

pompilius, Billings, 1805, Pal. Foss.,
Chazy & Black Riv. Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]

prolificus, Billings, 1805, Pal. Foss., Que-
bec Gr. [Sig. prolific, common.]

pustulosus, syn. for Ceraurus pleurexan-
themus.

214

CRUSTACEA.

rarus, Walcott, 1877, 29th Reg. Rep. N.Y.,

Trenton Gr. [Sig. rare.]
satyrus, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., Chazy

Gr. [Ety. mythological name.]
-sol, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., Quebec Gr.

[Ety. mythological name.]
solitarius, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., Que-
bec Gr. [Sig. solitary, alone.]
vigilans, see Encrinurus vigilans.
vulcanus, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., Que-
bec Gr. [Ety. mythological name.]
Chariocephalus, Hall, 1863, 16th Reg. Rep.

[Ety. charis, charming or graceful;

kephale, head.]
whitfieldi, Hall, 1863, 16th Reg. Rep.,

Potsdam Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Clieirurus, Beyrich, syn. for Ceraurus.
Climachtichnites, Logan, 1860, Can. Nat. &

Geo., vol. 5. [Ety. klirnax, ladder ;

ichnos, a foot step.]
wilsoni, Logan, 1860, Can. Nat. & Geo.,

vol. 5, Potsdam Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
Colpocaris, Meek, 1872, a subgenus of Ceratio-

caris.
Conocephalus, Zenker, 1833, Beitr. Naturg.

Preoccupied for a genus of Orthoptera.
Conocephalites, Adams, 1848, Am, Jour.

Sci., 2d series, vol. 5. [Ety. konos, a

cone; kepliale, head.]
adamsi, Billings, 1861, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Potsdam Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
anatinus, Hall, 1863, 16th Reg. Rep. N.

Y., Potsdam Gr. [Sig. duck-like.]
antiquatus, Salter, 1859, Jour. Geo. Soc,

vol. 15, Potsdam Gr. [Sig. very

ancient.]
arenosus, Billings, 1861, Pal. Foss., Pots-
dam Gr. [Sig. sandy.]
aurora, Hartt, 1868, Acad Geol., St. John's

Gr. [Sig. morning.]
baileyi, Hartt, 186 8, Acad. Geol., St.

John's Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
billingsi, Shumard, 1861, Am. Jour. Sci.,

vol. 32, Potsdam Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
binodus, Hall, 1863, 16th Reg. Rep. N.

Y., Potsdam Gr. [Sig. two-knotted.]
pewensis, Owen, 1852, (Lonchoce-

phalus chippewaensis) Geo. Iowa,

Wis. & Minn., Potsdam Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
depressus, Shumard, 1861, Am. Jour. Sci.,

vol. 32, Potsdam Gr. [Sig. depressed.]
diadematus, Hall, 1863, 16th Reg. Rep.N.

Y., Potsdam Gr. [Sig. adorned with

a diadem.]
dorsalis, Hall, 1863, 16th Reg. Rep. N. Y.,

Potsdam Gr. [Sig. from the back.]
elegans, Hartt, 18 68, Acad. Geol.. St.

John's Gr. [Sig. elegant]
eos, Hall, 1863, 16th Reg. Rep. N. Y.,

Potsdam Gr. [Sig. the dawn.]
eryon, Hall, 1863, 16th Reg. Rep. N. Y.,

Poisdam Gr. [Sig. from the genus

Eryon.']
formosus, Hartt, 1868, Acad. Geol., St.

John's Gr. [Sig. beautiful.]

chippe

gemini-spinosus, Hartt, 1868, Acad. Geol.,

St. John's Gr. [Sig. covered with twin-
spines.]
halli, Hartt, 1868, Acad. Geol., St. John's

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
hamulus, Owen, 1852, (Lonchocephalus

hamulus) Geo. Iowa, Wis. & Minn.,

Potsdam Gr. [Sig. a little hook.]
iowensis, Owen, 1852, (Dikelocephalus

iowensis) Geo. Iowa, Wis. & Minn.,

Potsdam Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
mathewi. Hartt, 1868, Acad. Geol., St.

John's Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
minor, Shumard, 1863, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., Potsdam Gr. [Sig. less.]
minutus, Bradley, 1860, Am. Jour. Sci.,

vol. 30, Potsdam Gr. [Sig. small.]
miser, Billings, 1861, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Potsdam Gr. [Sig. wretched, poor.]
nasutus, Hall, 1863, 16th Reg. Rep. N.

Y, Potsdam Gr. [Sig. having a prom-
inent nose.]
neglectus, Hartt, 1868, Acad. Geol., St.

John's Gr. [Sig. overlooked.]
optatus, Hall, 1863, 16th Reg. Rep. N. Y,

Potsdam Gr. [Sig. desired.]
orestes, Hartt,1868, Acad. Geol., St. John's

Gr. [Ety. mythological name.]
ouangondianus, Hartt, 1868, Acad. Geol.,

St. John's Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
oweni, Hall, 1863, 16th Reg. Rep. N. Y.,

Potsdam Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
pattersoni, Hall, 1863, 16th Reg. Rep. N.

Y., Potsdam Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
perseus, Hall, 1863, 16th Reg. Rep. N. Y.,

Potsdam Gr. [Ety. mythological

name.]
quadratus, Hartt, 1868, Acad. Geol., St.

John's Gr. [Sig. squared.]
robbi, Hartt, 1868, Acad. Geol., St. John's

Gr. [Etv. proper name.]
shumardi, Hall, 1863, 16th Reg. Rep. N.

Y., Potsdam Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
tener, Hartt, 1868, Acad. Geol., St. John's

Gr. [Sig. delicate.]
teucer, Billings, 1861, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Potsdam Gr. [Ety. mythological

name.]
thersites, Hartt, 1868, Acad. Geol., St.

John's Gr. [Ety. mythological name.]
vulcanus, Billings, 1861, Pal. Foss., vol.

1, Potsdam Gr. [Ety. mythological

name.]
winona, Hall, 1863, 16th Reg. Rep. N. Y.,

Potsdam Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
wisconsinensis, Owen, 1852, (Crepicepha-

lus wisconsinensis) Geo. Iowa, Wis.

& Minn., Potsdam Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
zenkeri, Billings, 1860, Can. Nat. & Geol.,

vol. 5, Quebec Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Conocoryphe, Corda, 1847, Prodr. [Ety.

konos, a cone ; koryphe, the top of the

head.]
kingi, Meek, 1870, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.,

Potsdam Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
gallatinensis, Meek, 1872, Hayden's Geo.

Rep., Pots. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

CRUSTACEA.

215

Crepicephalus, Owen, 1852, Geo. Sur. Wis.,

Iowa & Minn. [Ety. krepis, a horse-
shoe ; kephale, head.]
miniscaensis, Owen, 1852, Geo. Sur.Wis.,

Iowa & Minn., Potsdam Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
montanensis, Whitfield, 1876, Rep. Recon.

Up. Mo. to Yel. Nat. Park, Potsdam

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
wixotuiMnm, see Conocephalites wiscon-

sinensis.
Oryphxw, Green, 1837> Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci.,

vol. 7, syn. for Dalmanites. This

name has priority over Dalmanites,

hut the definition has not given satis-
faction.
boothi, Green, 1837, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci.,

vol. 7. See Dalmanites hoothi.
callitehis, see Dalmanites calliteles.
greeni, syn. for Dalmanites boothi.
Cryptolithus, syn. for Trinucleus.

tesselatus, see Trinucleus concentricus.
Cybelc, Loven, 1845, in Ofversigt of Vetensk.

Acad. Handl.
punctata, Hall, 1852. This species belongs

to the genus Encrinurus, and the spe-
cific name being preoccupied, the

name is changed to E. ornatus.
Cyphaspis, Burmeister, 1843, Monograph of

Trilobites. [Ety. cypJios, convex ;

aspis, a shield.]
christyi, Hall, 1863, Trans. Alb. Inst.,

vol. 4, Niagara Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
girardeauensis, Shumard, 1855, Geo. Rep.

Mo., Up. Sil. [Ety. proper name.]
Cythere, Muller, 1785, Entomostraca sue

Insecta, etc. [Ety. proper name.]
americana, Shumard, 1858, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., Up. Coal Meas.

[Ety. proper name.]
carbonaria, Hall, 1858, Trans. Alb. Inst.,

vol. 4, Warsaw Gr. [Sig. from the

Carboniferous Group.]
cineinnatiensis, Meek, 1872, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci., Cin'ti Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
crassimarginata, Winchell, 1862, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci., Marshall Gr. [Sig.

thick-margi n ed . ]
nebrascensis, Geinitz, 1866, Carb. und

Dyas in Neb., Coal Meas. [Ety.

proper name.]
okeni, see Leperditia okeni.
simplex, White & St. John, 1868, Trans.

Chi. Acad. Sci., St. Louis Gr. [Sig.

simple.]
subkcvis, see Leperditia subkevis.
mbrecta, see Leperditia subrecta.
Cytherixa, Lamarck, 1818, Anim. sans

Vert. [Ety. diminutive of Cythere.]
alta, see Leperditia alta.
crenulata, Emmons, 1856, Am. Geol.,

Trenton Gr. [Sig. crenulated.]
cylindrka, see Isochilina cylindrica.
fabulites, see Leperditia fabulites.

spinosa, Hall, 1852, see Beyrichia spinosa.
Not Reuss in 1844.

subcylindrica, Emmons, 1856, Am. Geol.,
Trenton Gr. [Sig. somewhat cylin-
drical.] This name was preoccupied
by Munster in 1830.

subelliptica, Emmons, 1856, Am. Geol.,
Black Riv. Gr. [Sig. somewhat ellip-
tical.]
Cytiierops[s, McCoy, 1849, Ann. & Mag.
Nat. Hist., 2d series, vol. 4. [Ety.
Oytheropsis, resembling Cythere.]

concinna, Jones, 1858, Ann. Nat. Hist.,
3rd series, vol. 1, Black Riv. Gr. [Sig.
neat, pretty.] In 1865 Jones estab-
tablished the genus Primitia,' in which
he included this species.

rugosa, Jones, 1858, Ann. Nat. Hist., 3rd
series, vol. 1, Black Riv. Gr. [Sig.
wrinkled.]

siliqua, Jones, 1858, Ann. Nat. Hist., 3d
series, vol. 1, Black Riv. Gr. [Sig. a
pod.]
Dalmania, Emmrich, 1845. This name hav-
ing been preoccupied, Dalmanites has
been substituted, though many au-
thors prefer to use Odontochile, a name
proposed by Corda.
Dalmanites, Emmrich, 1845, (Dalmania)
Barrande, 1852, Sil. Syst. Boh. [Ety.
proper name.]

acantholeurus, Conrad, 1841, (Asaphus
acantholeurus) Ann. Rep. N. Y., On-
ondaga limestone. [Sig. smooth-
spined.]

achates Billings, 1860, Can. Nat. •& Geo.,
vol. 5, Trenton Gr. [Ety. mythologi-
cal name.]

segeria, Hall, 1861, 15th Reg. Rep. N. Y.,
Up. Held. Gr. [Ety. mythological
name.]

anchiops, Green, 1832, (Calymene anchi-
ops) Monograph, Schoharie grit. [Sig.
from the closeness of the eyes.]

anchiops var. armatus, Hall, 1861, 15th
Reg. Rep. N. Y., Schoharie grit. [Sig
armed.]

aspectans, Conrad, 1841, (Asaphus aspec-
tans) Ann. Rep. N. Y., Up. Held. Gr.
[Sig. seeing at a glance.]

bebryx, Billings, 1860, Can. Nat. & Geol.,
vol. 5, Trenton Gr. [Ety. mythologi-
cal name.]

bifidus, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep. N. Y.,
Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. divided.]

boothi, Green, 1837, (Cryphasus boothi)
Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. 7, Ham. Gr.
[Ety. proper name.]

bicornis, Hall, 1876,28th Reg. Rep. N.Y.,
Niagara Gr. [Sig. two-horned.]

breviceps, Hall, 1866, Pamplet, Cin'ti Gr.
[Sig. short-headed.]

callicephalus, Hall, 1847, (Phacops calli-
cephalus) Pal. N. Y., vol. 1, Trenton
Gr. [Sig. beautiful head.]

calliteles, Green, 1837, (Cryphseus calli-
telus) Am. Jour. Sci. & Arts, Ham, Gr.
[Ety. proper name.]

216

CRUSTACEA.

calypso, Hall, 1861, 15th Reg. Rep. N. Y.

Up. Held. Gr. [Ety. mythological

name.]
carleyi, Meek, 1872, Am. Jour. Sci., 3rd

ser., vol. 3, Cin'ti Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
candatus, see Dalmanites limulurus.
concinnus, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devonian

Foss., Schoharie grit. [Sig. handsome.]
coronatus, Hall, 1861, 15th Reg. Rep. N.

Y., Ham. Gr. [Sig. crowned.]
danre, Meek & Worthen, 1865, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci. Phil., Niagara Gr. [Ety

proper name.]
dentatus, Barrett, 1876, Am. Jour. Sci

& Arts, vol. 11, Low. Held. Gr. [Ety

from the dentate margin of the cepha

lie shield.]
denticulatus, Conrad, 1841, (Asaphus

denticulatus) Ann. Rep. N. Y., Up

Held. Gr. [Ety. from the denticulate

termination of the ribs.]
emarginatus, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devonian

Foss., Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. emargi-

nated.]
erina, Hall, 1861, 15th Reg. Rep. N. Y.,

Up. Held. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
helena, Hall, 1861, 15th Reg. Rep. N. Y,

Corniferous Gr. [Ety. mythological

name.]
intermedius.Walcott, 1877, 29th Reg. Rep.

N.Y., Trenton Gr. [Sig. intermediate.]
laticaudatus, Hall, 1847. Prof. Hall says

this name may be erased from the list

of fossils,
limulurus, Green, 1832, (Asaphus limu

lurus) Monograph Trilobites, Niagara

Gr. [Ety. having a pointed tail like

Limulm or king crab.]
logani, Hall, 1860, Can. Nat. & Geo., vol.

5, Silurian. [Ety. proper name.]
macrops, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep. N.

Y., Up. Held. Gr. [Ety. makros, large ;

ops, the eye.]
micrurus, Green, 1832, (Asaphus mieru-

rus) Monograph Trilobites, Low. Held.

Gr. [Sig. small-tailed.]
myrmecophorus, Green, 1835, (Asaphus

myrmecophorus) Supp. to Monograph

of Trilobites, Up. Held. Gr. [Sig.

wart-bearing.]
nasutus, Conrad, 1841, (Asaphus nasutus)

Ann. Rep. N. Y., Low. Held. Gr.

[Sig. having a prominent nose.]
ohioensis, Meek & Worthen, 1871, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Corniferous Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
pleione, Hall, 1861, 15th Reg. Rep. N. Y.,

Up. Held. Gf. [Ety. mythological

name.]
pleuropteryx, Green, 1832, (Asaphus

pleuropteryx) Monograph Trilobites,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. side- winged.]
regalis, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devonian Foss.,

Schoharie grit. [Sig. regal.]
selenurus, Eaton, 1832, (Asaphus selenu-

rus) Geo. Text Book, Corniferous Gr.

[Sig. from the crescent-shaped tail.]

tridens, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3, Low.

Held. Gr. [Sig. three-toothed.]
tridentiferus, Shumard, 1855, Geo. Rep.

Mo., Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. bearing

three teeth.]
troosti, Safford. Not defined,
verrucosus, Hall, 1863, Trans. Alb. Inst.,

vol. 4, Niagara Gr. [Sig. warty.]
vigilans, Hall, 1861, Rep. Progr. Wis.Sur.,

Niagara Gr. [Sig. watchful, eyes

opened.]
DicELLOCEniALus, Owen, 1852, Geo. Sur.

Wis., Iowa ct Min., (written by Owen,

Dikelocephalus). [Ety. dikella, a mat-
tock; kephale, head.]
affinis, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foas., Quebec

Gr. [Sig. related to.]
belli, Billings, 1860, Can. Nat. & Geol.,

vol. 5, Quebec Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
(?) corax, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., Que-
bec Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
cristatus, Billings, 1860, Can. Nat. <fc

Geo. vol. 5, Quebec Gr. [Sig. crested.]
devinei, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., Quebec

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
flagricaudus, White, 1874, Rep. Invert.

Foss., Quebec Gr. [Sig. whip-tailed.]
granulosus, see Ptychaspis granulosa,
hisingeri, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., Que-
bec Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
imcensis, see Conocephalites iowensis.
latifrons, Shumard, 1863, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., vol. 2, Potsdam Gr. [Sig.

broad-fronted.]
limbatus, Hall, 1863, 16th Reg. Rep. N.

Y., Potsdam Gr. [Sig. bordered.]
magnificus, Billings, 1860, Can. Nat. &

Geo., vol. 5, Quebec Gr. [Sig. mag-
nificent.]
megalops, Billings, 1860, Can. Nat. &,

Geo., vol. 5, Quebec Gr. [Sig. large-
eyed.]
miniscaensis, see Ptychaspis miniscaensis.
minnesotensis, Owen, 1852, Rep. Wis.,

Iowa & Minn., Potsdam Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
minnesotensis, rar. limbatus, Hall, 1863,

16th Reg. Rep. N. Y., Potsdam Gr.

[Sig. bordered.]
misa, Hall, 1873, 16th Reg. Rep. N. Y.,

Potsdam Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
missisquoi, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss.,

Quebec Gr. [Ety. proper name. ]
osceola, Hall, 1863, 16th Reg. Rep. N. Y.,

Potsdam Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
oweni, Billings, 18(50, Can. Nat. & Geo.,

vol. 5, Quebec Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
pauper, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., Quebec

Gr. [Sig. poor, small.]
pepinensis, Owen, 1852, Rep. Wis., Iowa

and Minn., Potsdam Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
planifrons, Billings, 1860, Can. Nat. &

Geo., vol. 5, Quebec Gr. [Sig. having

a plane front.]

CRUSTACEA.

217

roemeri, Shumard, 1861, Am. Jour. Sci.,

vol. 32, Potsdam Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
selectus, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., Que-
bec Gr. [Sig. select.]
sesostris, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., Que-
bec Gr. [Etv. proper name.]
spiniger, Hall, 1863, 16th Reg. Rep. X.

Y., Potsdam Gr. [Sig. bearing spines.]
Dicraniirus, syn. for Acidaspis.

hamatux, see Acidaspis hamata.
Dioxide, Barrande, 1847, in Lith. Proc.

[Ety. from the mythological name

Dione.}
(?) perplexa, Billings, 1866, Catal. SO.

Foss. Antic, Anticosti Gr. [Sig. diffi-
cult, perplexing.]
Diplexira, Green, syn. for Homalonotus.

dekayi, see Homalonotus dekayi.
Diplichnites, Dawson, 1863, Am" Jour. Sci.

and Arts, 3rd series, vol. 5. [Ety.

diplos, double; ichnos, foot-print or

track.]
senigma, Dawson, 1863, Am. Jour. Sci. &

Arts, 3rd series, vol. 5, Coal Meas.

[Sig. obscure, perplexing.]
Diplostylus, Salter, 1863, Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc.,vol. 19. [Ety. Diplostylus, double-
tail ; in allusion to the two pairs of

appendages to the last segment or

telson.]
dawsoni, Salter, 1863, Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc, vol. 19, Coal Meas. [Ety. proper

name.]
Dithyrocaris, Scouler, 1855, British Pal.

Rocks. [Ety. dithros, having two

valves; carts, shrimp.]
belli, H.Woodward, 1870, Geo. Mag., vol.

8, Mid. Devonian. [Ety. proper name.]
carbonaria, Meek & Worthen, 1869, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Coal Meas. [Sig.

from the Coal Measures.]
neptuni, Hall, 1863, 16th Reg. Rep. N. Y.,

Chemung Gr. [Ety. mythological

name.]
Dolichometopus, Angelin, 1852, Palaeonto-

logia Scandinavica. [Ety. doliclws,

long ; metope, panel, or space between

two hollows.]
(?) convexus, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss.,

Quebec Gr. [Sig. convex.]
gibberrulus, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss.,

Quebec Gr. [Sig. somewhat humped

or convex.]
rarus, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Calciferous Gr. [Sig. rare.]
Dolichopterus, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3.

[Ety. dolichos, long; pteron, a wing.]
macrocheirus, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol.

3, Waterlime Gr. [Sig. long-handed.]
Elliplocephrtla, Emmons, 1844, syn. forOlenus.

amphoides, see Olenellus asaphoides.]
Encrinurus, Emmrich, 1844, Zur Naturge-

schicte der Trilobiten, im Pruefungs-

Prog. der Real-Schule, etc. [Ety. (?).
deltoideus, Shumard, 1855, Geo. Sur. Mo.,

Up. Sil. [Sig. shaped like the Greek

letter Delta.']

elegantulus, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Fobs.
Antic, Anticosti Gr. [Sig. quite ele-
gant.]

excedrensis, Safford. Not defined.

lsevis, Angelin, 1852, Palseontologia Scan-
dinavica, Up. Sil. [Sig. smooth.]

mirus, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,
Quebec Gr. [Sig. extraordinary.]

multisegmentatus, Portlock, 1843, (Am-
phion multisegmentatus) Rep. Geo. of
Londonderry, etc., Anticosti Gr. [Sig.
having many segments.]

nereus, Hall, 1867, 20th Reg. Rep. N. Y..
Niagara Gr. [Ety. mythological
name.]

ornatus, Hall & Whitfield, 1875, Ohio Pal.,
vol. 2, Niagara Gr. [Sig. ornamented.]

punctatus, Wahlenberg, 1821, Nova Acta
Soc. Upsal., Anticosti Gr. [Sig. punc-
tated.]

raricostatus, Walcott, 1877, 29th Reg.
Rep. N. Y., Trenton Gr. [Sig. few-
ribbed.]

trentonensis, Walcott, 1877, 29th Reg.
Rep. N. Y., Trenton Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]

vigilans, Hall, 1847, (Ceraurus vigilans)
Pal. N. Y., vol. 1, Black Riv. & Tren-
ton Gr. [Sig. vigilant.]
Endymion, Billings, 1862. The name being
preoccupied for a genus of plants the
author proposed Endymionia.

meeki, see Endymionia meeki.
Endymionia, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol.
1. [Ety. proper name.]

meeki, Billings, 1862, (Endymion meeki)
Pal. Foss., vol. 1, Quebec Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]
Eupboops, Meek, 1867, Am. Jour. Sci., vol.
43. [Ety. eu, very ; pro, forward ; opt,
an eye.]

danse, Meek & Worthen, 1865, (Bellinurus
danas) Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Coal
Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
Eurypterus, DeKav, 1825, Ann. Lye. Nat.
Hist. N. Y.,voI. 1. [Ety. euros, breadth;
pteron, wing or fin.]

dekayi, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,
Waterlime Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

lacustris, Harlan, 1834, Trans.' Geo. Soc.
Penn., vol. 1, Waterlime Gr. [Sig.
pertaining to a lake or swamp.]

lacustris var. robustus, Hall, 1859, Pal. N.
Y, vol. 3, Waterlime Gr. [Sig. robust]

mazonensis, Meek & Worthen, 1868, Am.
Jour. Sci., vol. 46, Coal Meas. [Ety.
proper name.]

micropthalmus, Hall, 1855, Pal. N. Y.,
vol. 3, Waterlime Gr. [Sig. having
small eyes.]

pachycheirus, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y, vol.
3, Waterlime Gr. [Sig. thick-handed.]

pulicaris, Salter, 1863, Quar. Jour. Geo.
Soc, vol. 19, Coal Meas. [Ety. pulis,
a little gate ; karis, a shrimp.]

pustulosus, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,
Waterlime Gr. [Sig. covered with
pustules.]

218

CRUSTACEA.

remipes, DeKay, 1825, Ann. Lye. Nat.
Hist. N. Y., Waterlime Gr. [Sig. oar-
footed.]

tetragonopthalmus, Fischer, 1839, Bull.
Soc. Imper. Nat. Moscou., Waterlime
Gr. [Sig. having square eyes.]
Harpes, Goldfuss, 1839, Nova ActaPhysico-
medicaAcademise Ceesarese Leopoldino
Carolina? Naturae Curiosorum, vol. 19:
[Ety. harpe, a hook or sickle.]

antiquatus, Billings, 1859,Can.Nat. &Geo.,
vol. 4, Chazy Gr. [Sig. ancient, old.]

consuetus, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.
Antic, Anticosti Gr. [Sig. related to,
from its close alliance to H. otta-
wsensis.]

dentoni, Billings, 1863, Can. Nat. & Geo.,
Hud. Riv. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

escanabise, Hall, 1851, Geo. Lake Sup.
Land Dist., vol. 2, Trenton Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]

granti, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., Quebec
Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

ottawensis, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss.,
Trenton Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Harpides, Beyrich, 1846, Untersuchungen
Trilobiten als Fort. [Ety. from re-
semblance to the genus Harpes.]

atlanticus, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., Que-
bec Gr. [Ety. mythological name.]

concentricus, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss.,
Quebec Gr. [Sig. con centrical.]

desertus, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., Que-
bec Gr. [Sig. deserted, solitary.]
Helminthoidichnites, Fitch, 1848, Geo. Sur.
Wash. Co. [Sig. like little worm
tracks.] See Gordia marina.

marinus, Fitch, 1848, Geo. Sur. Wash. Co.,
Potsdam Gr. [Sig. marine.]

tenuis, Fitch, 1848, Geo. Sur. Wash. Co.,
Potsdam Gr. [Sig. slender.]
Hemicrypturus, Green, syn. for Asaphus.

clintoni, Vanuxem, 1843, Geo. Rep. 3rd
Dist. N. Y., Clinton Gr.

rasoumowski, syn. for Asaphus expansus.
Holometopus, Angelin, 1852, Palseontologia
Scandinavica. [Ety. holm, entire ; me-
topon, space between the eyes.]

angelini, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., Quebec
Gr. *[Ety. proper name.]
Homalonotus, Konig, 1825, Icones. Foss.
Sectiles. [Ety. homalos, on the same
level; notos, the back.]

dawsoni, Hall, 1860, Can. Nat. & Geo.,
vol. 5, Silurian. [Ety. proper name.]

dekayi, Green, 1832, (Dipleura dekayi)
Monograph of Trilobites, Ham. Gr.
[Ety. proper name.]

delphinocephalus, Green, 1832, (Tri-
merus delphinocephalus) Monograph
of Trilobites, Clinton & Niagara Gr.
[Sig. dolphin-headed.]

jacksoni, Green, 1837, (Trimerus jacksoni)
Am. Jour. Sci., vol. 32, Up. Sil. [Ety.
proper name.]

knighti, Koninck, 1825, Icones. Foss.
Sectiles, Low. Held. Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]

vanuxemi, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Low. Held. Gr. [Etv. proper name.]
Ill^nurus, Hall, 1863, 16th Reg. Rep. N. YT

[Ety. from the genus Illsenus; oura

the tail.]
quadratus, Hall, 1863, 16th Reg. Rep. N.

Y., Potsdam Gr. [Sig. square-shaped.]
Illjenus, Dalman, 1828, ueber die Palseaden

oder die sogenannten Trilobiten.

[Ety. Ulaino, to look awry, to squint.]
americanus, Billings, 1859, Can. Nat. &

Geo., vol. 4, Trenton Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
angusticollis, Billings, 1859, Can. Nat. &

Geo., vol. 4, Black Riv. Gr. [Sig.

having a narrow neck or column.]
arcturus, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., vol. 1,

Chazy & Black. Riv. Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
arcuatus, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., Que-
bec Gr. [Sig. arched.]
armatus, Hall, 1867, 20th Reg. Rep., Ni-
agara Gr. [Sig. armed.]
barriemis, Murch, 1839, Sil. Syst. The

species formerly identified with this

one is described by Prof. Hall as i/fe-

nus ioocus.
bayfieldi, Billings, 1859, Can. Nat. & Geo.,

vol. 4, Chazy Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
clavifrons, Billings, 1859, Can. Nat. &

Geo., Chazy & Black Riv. Gr. [Sig.

club-fronted.]
conifrons, Billings, 1859, Can. Nat. &

Geo., Black Riv. Gr. [Sig. having

a conical front.]
conradi, Billings, 1859, Can. Nat. & Geo.,

vol. 4, Black Riv. Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
consimilis, Billings, 1865, Pal: Foss.,

Quebec Gr. [Sig. similar in all parts.]
consobrinus, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss.,

Quebec Gr. [Sig. nearly allied.]
cornigerus, Hall, 1872, 24th Reg. Rep. N.

Y., Niagara Gr. [Sig. horned.]
crassicauda, Wahlenberg, 1821,(Entomos-

tracites crassicauda) Nov. Act. Soc.

Upsal., vol. 8, Trenton & Galena Gr.

[Sig. thick-tailed.]
cuniculus, Hall, 1867, 20th Reg. Rep.

N. Y., Niagara Gr. [Sig. a cradle.]
daytonensis, Hall & Whitfield, 1875, Ohio

"Pal., vol. 2, Clinton Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
fraternus, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., Que-
bec Gr. [Sig. fraternal.]
globosus, Billings, 1859, Can. Nat. & Geo.,

vol. 4, Chazy Gr. [Sig. globose.]
graftonensis, Meek & Worthen, 18 6 9,

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Niagara

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
grandis, Billings, 1859, Can. Nat. & Geo.,

vol. 4, Hud. Riv. Gr. & Mid. Sil. [Sig.

grand.]
imperator, Hall, 1861, Rep. of Progr.Wis.,

Niagara Gr. [Sig. commander-in-
chief.]
incertus, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., Que-
bec Gr. [Sig. uncertain.]

CRUSTACEA.

219

indeterminatus, Walcott, 1877, 29th Reg.

Rep. N. Y., Black Riv. Gr. [Sig. not

determined.]
insignis, Hall, 1867, 20tli Reg. Rep. N.Y.

Niagara Gr. [Sig. distinguished by a

mark.]
ioxus, Hall, 1847, 20th Reg. Rep. N. Y.,

Niagara Gr. [Ety. mythological

name.]
latidorsatus, Hall, 1847, Pal. N.Y., vol. 1,

Trenton Gr. [Sig. broad-backed.]
milleri, Billings, 1859, Can. Nat. & Geo.,

vol. 4, Black River and Trenton Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
orbicaudatus, Billings, 1859, Can. Nat. &

Geo., vol. 4, Hud. Riv. Gr. &Mid. Sil.

[Sig. having a circular tail.]
ovatus, Conrad, 1843, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci. Phil., vol. 1, Black Riv. Gr. [Sig.

egg-shaped.]
simulator, Billings, 1805, Pal. Foss., Que-
bec Gr. [Sig. imitator.]
taurus, Hall, 1861, Rep. of Progr. Wis.

Sur., Trenton & Galena Gr. [Ety.

mythological name.]
trentonensis, Emmons, 1842, (Bumastus

trentonensis) Geo. Rep. N. Y., Tren-
ton Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
tumidifrons, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss.,

Quebec Gr. [Sig. swollen out in front.]
vindex, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., Chazy

Gr. [Sig. a defender, a revenger.]
worthenanus, syn. for Illsenus insignis.
Isociiilixa, Jones, 1858, Can. Org. Rem.,

Decade 3. [Ety. isos, equal ; cheilos, lip.]
cylindrica, Hall, 1852, (Cytherina cylin-

drica) Pal. N. Y., vol. 2, Medina Gr.

[Sig. cylindrical.]
gracilis, Jones, 1858, Can. Org. Rem.,

Decade 3, Black Riv. Gr. [Sig.

slender.]
Ottawa, Jones, 1858, Can. Org. Rem., De-
cade 3, Black Riv. Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
Isotelus, DeKay, 1825, Annals Lyceum Nat.

Hist. N. Y., vol. 1. [Ety. isos, equal;

telos, end.] A subgenus of Asaphus.
canalis, Conrad, 1847, Pal. N. Y., Trenton

& Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. a groove or

channel.]
gigas, DeKav, 1825, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist.

N. Y., vol. 1, Trenton & Hud. Riv. Gr.

[Sig. a giant]
maximus, see Isotelus megistos.
megistos, Locke, 1841, Proc. Am. Assoc,

Trenton & Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. very

large.]
vigilans, Meek & Worthen, 1870, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Cin'ti. Gr. [Sig.

watching.]
Leaia, Jones, 1862, App. to Mon. Foss.,

Estherise. [Ety. proper name.]
leidyi, Lea, 1856, (Cypricardia leidyi)

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. 7, Coal

Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
tricarinata, Meek & Worthen, 1868, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 3, Coal Meas. [Sig.

three-keeled.]

Leperditia, Roualt, 1851, Bull. Soc. Geo.

France, 2nd series, t. 8. [Ety. lepis,

a scale ; dittos, double.]
alta, Conrad, 1843, (Cytherina alta) Geo.

Rep. 3rd Dist. N. Y., Low. Held. Gr.

[Sig. high.]
amygdalina, Jones, 1858, Can. Org. Rem.,

Decade 3, Black Riv. Gr. [Sig. like an

almond.]
anna, Jones, 1858, Can. Org. Rem., De-
cade 3, Calciferous Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
anticostiana, Jones, 1858, Can. Org. Rem.,

Decade 3, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
arctica, Jones, 1856, Ann. & Mag. Nat.

Hist., 2nd series, vol. 17, Up. Sil.

[Sig. northern, arctic]
bivia, White, 1874, Rep. Invert. Foss.,

Quebec Gr. [Sig. having two ways or

passages.]
byrnesi, S. A. Miller, 1874, Cin. Quar.

Jour. Sci., vol. 1, Cin'ti Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
canadensis, Jones, 1858, Ann. Nat. Hist.,

3rd series, vol. 1, Chazy to Trenton

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
capax, Safford. Not defined,
cayuga, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep. N. Y.,

Cornif. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
concinnula, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss.,

vol. 1, Quebec Gr. [Sig. small and

beautiful.]
cylindrica, Hall, 1871, Pamphlet, Cin'ti

Gr. [Sig. cylindrical.]
faba, Hall, 1876, 28th Reg. Rep. N. Y.,

Niagara Gr. [Sig. a bean.]
fabulites, Conrad, 1843, (Cytherina fabu-

lites) Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil.,

Trenton Gr. [Sig. a small bean.]
fonticola, Hall, 1867, 20th Reg. Rep. N.

Y., Niagara Gr. [Sig. fountain-dwell-
ing.]
gibbera, Jones, 1856, Ann. & Mag. Nat.

Hist., 2nd series, vol. 17, Niagara Gr.

[Sig. humpbacked.]
gracilis, see Isochilina gracilis,
hudsonica, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Low. Held. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
jonesi, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3, Low.

Held. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
josephana, Jones, 1858, Can. Org. Rem.,

Decade 3, Black Riv. to Trenton Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
labrosa, Jones, 1858, Can. Org. Rem., De-
cade 3, Chazy Gr. [Sig. having a rim

or border.]
louckana, Jones, 1858, Can. Org. Rem:,

Decade 3, Black Riv. Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
marginata, Keyserling, 1846, Wissen-

schaftliche Beobachtungen, etc., Ni-
agara Gr. [Sig. bordered.]
minutissima, Hall, 1871, Pamphlet, Cin'ti

Gr. [Sig. very small.]
rnorgani, Safford. Not defined,
nana, Jones, 1858, Can. Org. Rem., De-
cade 3, Calciferous Gr. [Sig. dwarfish.]

CRUSTACEA.

okeni, Munster, 1830, (Cythere okeni)

Jahrbuch fur Min., Geo. und Petrif.,

Carboniferous. [Ety. proper name.]
Ottawa, see Isochilina Ottawa,
ovata, Jones, 1858, Ann. & Mag. Nat.

Hist, 3rd ser., vol. 1, Black Riv. Gr.

[Sig. egg-shaped.]
paquettana, Jones, 1858, Can. Org. Rem.,

Decade 3, Black Riv. Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
parasitica, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. parasitic]
parvula, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. very small.]
pennsylvanica, Jones, 1858, Ann. & Mag.

Nat. Hist., 3rd ser., vol. 1, Clinton Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
punctulifera, Hall, 1860, 13th Reg. Rep.

N. Y., Ham. Gr. [Sig. bearing dots.]
scalari8, Jones, 1858, Ann. & Mag. Nat.

Hist., 3rd ser., vol. 1, Waterlime Gr.

[Sig. like a ladder.]
seneca, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep. N. Y.,

Ham. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
sinuata, Hall, 1860, Can. Nat. & Geo.,

vol. 5, Silurian. [Sig. marked with

depressions.]
troyensis, Ford, 1863, Am. Jour. Sci. &

Arts, 3rd ser., vol. 6, Low. Potsdam

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
turgida, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Quebec Gr. [Sig. swollen out.]
ventralis, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol.

1, Quebec Gr. [Sig. ventral.]
spinulifera, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep. N.

Y., Cornif. Gr. [Sig. bearing spines.]
sublsevis, Shumard, 1855, (Cythere sub-

lsevis) Geo. Rep. Mo., Low. Magnesian

Gr. [Sig. somewhat smooth.]
Lichas, Dalman, 1826, Monograph of Trilo-

bites. [Ety. mythological name.]
armatus, Hall, 1862. Being preoccupied,

the name is changed to L. eriopia.
bigsbyi, Hall, 1859, Pal. N.Y., vol. 3, Low.

Held. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
boltoni, Bigsby, 1825, (Paradoxides bol-

toni) Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. 4,

Niagara Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
boltoni var. occidentalis, Hall, 1863, Trans.

Alb. Inst., vol. 4, Niagara Gr. [Sig.

wG8t6rn.l
breviceps, Hall, 1863, Trans. Alb. Inst.,

vol. 4, Niagara Gr. [Sig. short-headed.]
canadensis, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.

Antic, Antic Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
cucullus, Meek & Worthen, 1865, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Trenton Gr.

[Sig. a cap.]
decipiens, Winchell & Marcy, 1865, Mem.

Bost. Soc Nat. Hist., Niagara Gr.

[Sig. doubtful.]
eriopia, see Terataspis eriopia.
grandis, see Terataspis grandis.
Jukesi, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Quebec Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
minganensis, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss.,

vol. 1, Chazy and Black Riv. Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]

nereus, Hall, 1863, 16th Reg. Rep. N. Y.,

Niagara Gr. [Ety. mythological

name.]
pugnax, AVinchell & Marcy, 1865, Mem.

Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.," Niagara Gr.

[Sig. war-like.]
pustulosus, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. covered with

pustules.]
superb us, Billings, 1875, Can. Nat. &

Geol., Cornif erous Gr. [Sig. superb.]
trentonensis, Conrad, 1842, (Asaphus

trentonensis) Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci.,

vol. 8, Black Riv., Trenton and Hud.

Riv. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
LoganeUus, Devine, 1863, Can. Nat. & Geo.,

vol. 8. [Ety. proper name.]
quebecensis, see Olenus (?) logani.
Lonchocephalus, syn. for Conocephalites.
chippewensis, see Conocephalites chippe-

wensis.
hamulus, see Conocephalites hamulus.
Megalaspis, Angelin, 1852, Palseontologia

Scandinavica. [Ety. megale, great ;

aspis, shield.]
belemnurus, White, 1874, Rep. Invert.

Foss., Quebec Gr. [Ety. belemnon, a

dart; oura, a tail.]
Menocephalus, Owen, 1852, Geo. Sur. Wis.,

Iowa & Minn. [Ety. menos, strength ;

kephale, head.]
globosus, Billings, 1860, Can. Nat. & Geo.,

vol. 5, Quebec Gr. [Sig. globose.]
minnesotensis, Owen, 1852, Rep. Iowa,

Wis. and Minn., Potsdam Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
salteri, Devine, 1863, Can. Nat. & Geo.,

vol. 8, Quebec Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
sedgwicki, Billings, 1860, Can. Nat. & Geo.,

vol. 5, Quebec Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
Microdiscus, Emmons, 1856, Am. Geol.

[Ety. mikros, small; diskos, a quoit.]
dawsoni, Hartt, 1868, Acad. Geol., St.

John's Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
lobatus, Hall, 1847, (Agnostus lobatus)

Pal. N. Y., vol. 1, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig.

divided into segments.]
meeki, Ford, 1876, Am. Jour. Sci. & Arts,

Low. Potsdam Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
quadricostatus, Emmons, 1856, Am. Geo.,

Quebec Gr. [Sig. four-ribbed.]
speciosus, Ford, 1863, Am. Jour. Sci. &

Arts, 3rd series, vol. 6, Low. Potsdam

Gr. [Sig. beautiful.]
Nileus, Dalman, 1826, Monograph of Tri-

lobites. [Ety. mythological name.]
affinis, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Quebec Gr. [Sig. near to, related.]
macrops, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Quebec Gr. [Sig. having large eyes.]
scrutator, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Quebec Gr. [Sig. a searcher.]
Nuttainia, syn. for Trinucleus.

concentrica, see Trinucleus concentricus.
sparsa, syn. for Homalonotus dekayi.

CRUSTACEA.

Odontocephalns, Conrad, 1840, Ann. Geo.
Rep. N. Y.

selenurus, see Dalmanites selenurus.
Odontochile, syn. for Dalmanites.
Ogygia, Brongniart, 1822, Hist. Nat. Crust.
Foss. [Ety. mythological name.]

vetusta, see Asaphus vetustus.
Olenellus, Hall, 1861, 14th Reg. Rep. N.
Y. [Ety. diminutive of Olenus.']

asaphoides, Emmons, 1844, (Ellipto-
cephalus asaphoides) Geo. Rep. N.Y.,
Potsdam Gr. [Sig. like an Asaplms.]

gilberti, Meek, 1874, Rep. Invert. Foss.,
Potsdam Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

howelli, Meek, 1874, Rep. Invert. Foss.,
Potsdam Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
- thompsoni, Hall, 1859, (Olenus thomp-
soni) 12th Reg. Rep. N. Y., (Barrandia
thompsoni) 13th Reg. Rep., (Paradox-
ides thompsoni) Emmons, Man. Geo.,
Potsdam Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

vermontanus, Hall, 1859, (Olenus ver-
montana) 13th Reg. Rep. N. Y., Pots-
dam Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Olenus, Dalman, 1826, Monograph of Tri-
lobites. [Ety. mythological name.]

asaphoides, see Olenellus asaphoides.

(?) logani, Devine, 1863, Can. Nat. & Geo.,
vol. 8, Quebec Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

thompsoni, see Olenellus thompsoni.

undulostriatus, Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y.,
vol. 1, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. having
waved striae.]

vermontana, see Olenellus vermontanus.
Pai^eocaris, Meek & Worthen, 1865, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. [Ety. palaios,
ancient; hart*, a shrimp.]

typus, Meek & Worthen, 1865, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Coal Meas.
[Ety. type of the genus.]
Paradoxioes, Brongniart, 1822, Hist. Nat.
Crust. Foss. [Ety. paradoxos, marvel-
ous, paradoxical.]

arcuatus, Harlan, 1835, Trans. Geo. Soc.
Penn., Potsdam Gr. [Sig. arched.]

becki, see Triarthrus becki.

bennetti, Salter, 1859, Quar. Jour. Geo.
Soc, vol. 15, Potsdam Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]

boltoni, see Lichas boltoni.

decorus, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,
Potsdam Gr. [Sig. beautiful.]

eatoni, syn. for Triarthrus becki.

harlani, Green, 1834, Am. Jour. Sci., vol.
25, Potsdam Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

lamellatus, Hartt, 1868, Acad. Geol., St.
John's Gr. [Sig. from the laminai on
the anterior lobe of the glabella.]

micmac, Hartt, 1868, Acad. Geol., St.
John's Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

nevadensis, Meek, 1870, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci., Potsdam Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

tenellus, Billings, 1874, Pal. Foss., vol.
2, Potsdam Gr. [Sig. very delicate.]

thompsoni, see Olenellus thompsoni.

triarthrus, Harlan, 1835, Trans. Geo. Soc.
Penn., Potsd. Gr. [Sig. three-jointed.]

vermontana, see Olenellus vermontanus.

Peltura, M. Edwards, 1840, Crustaces, etc.
holopyga, Hall, 1859, see Bathynotus

holopyga.
Pemphigaspis, Hall, 1863, 16th Reg. Rep. N.

Y. [Ety. pemphix; a pustule ; aspis, a

shield.]*
bullata, Hall, 1863, 16th Reg. Rep. N.

Y., Potsdam. Gr. [Sig. studded,

bossed.]
Phacops, Emmrich, 1839, de Trilobites.

[Ety. phakos, a lens; ops, the eye.]
bufo, Green, 1832, (Calymene bufo) Mon-
ograph of Trilobites, Ham. Gr. [Sig.

a toad.]
bombifrons, Hall, 1861, 15th Reg. Rep.

N. Y., Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. a hollow-
sounding front.]
cacapona, Hall, 1861, 15th Reg. Rep. N.

Y, Up. Held. Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
callicephala, see Dalmanites callicephalus.
cristata, Hall, 1861, 15th Reg. Rep. N.Y.,

Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. tufted.]
hudsonica, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y, vol. 3,

Low. Held. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
laticaudus, see Dalmanites laticaudus.
logani, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y, vol. 3, Low.

Held. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
nupera, Hall, 1843, (Calymene nupera)

Geo. Rep. 4th Diet. N. Y., Chemung

Gr. [Sig. late, recent.]
orestes, Billings, 1860, Can. Nat. & Geo.,

vol. 5, Mid. Sil. [Ety. mythological

name.]
rana, Green, 1832, (Calymene bufo var.

rana) Monograph of Trilobites, Ham.

Gr. [Sig. a frog.]
trisulcata, Hall, 1843, (Calymene (?) tri-

sulcatus) Geo. Rep. 4th Dist. N. Y.,

Clinton Gr. [Sig. three-furrowed.]
Phillipsia, Portlock, 1843, Rep. Geol. Lon-
donderry. [Ety. proper name.]
bufo, Meek & Worthen, 1870, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci., Keokuk Gr. [Sig. a toad.]
cliftonensis, Shumard, 1858, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., Coal Meas. [Ety.

proper name.]
coronata, Hall, 1877, Ham. Gr. Pro-
posed instead of P. ornata, which was

preoccupied. [Sig. crowned.]
howi, Billings, 1863, Can. Nat. & Geol.,

vol. 8, Carboniferous. [Ety. proper

name.]
insignis, Winchell, 1863, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci., Burlington Gr. [Sig. marked.]
laevis, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devonian Foss.,

Tully limestone. [Sig. smooth.]
lodiensis, Meek, 1875, Ohio Pal., vol. 2,

Waverly Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
major, Shumard, 1858, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., vol. 1, Coal Meas. [Sig.

larger.]
meramecensis, Shumard, 1855, Geo. Rep.

Mo., Archimedes limestone. [Ety.

proper name.]
minuscula, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devonian

Foss., Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. rather

small.]

222

CRUSTACEA.

missouriensis, Shumard, 1858, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., Coal Meas. [Ety.

proper name.]
ornata, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devonian Foss.,

Ham. Gr. The name was preoccupied

by Portlockjn 1843. See P. coronata.
perannulata, Shumard, 1858, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., Permian Gr. [Sig.

very annulated.]
portlocki, Meek & Worth en, 1865, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci., Keokuk Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
rockfordensis, Winchell, 1865, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci., Kinderhook (?) Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
wmgamonensis, Meek & Worthen, 1865,

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Coal Meas.

[Ety. proper name.]
scitula, Meek & Worthen, 1865, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci., Coal Meas. [Sig.

pretty.]
stevensoni, Meek, 1871, Reg. Rep. Uni-
versity W. Va., Chester Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
vindobonensis, Ilartt, 1868, Acad. Geol.,

Carboniferous. [Ety. proper name.]
Piliolites, Cozzens, 1848. Not sufficiently de-
fined to be identified.
ohioensis, Cozzens, 1848. Not sufficiently

defined to be identified, but probably

the fragment of a Dalmanites.
Platynotus, syn. forLichas.
boltoni, see Lichas boltoni.
trentonensis, see Lichas trentonensis.
Plumulites, Barrande. [Ety. plumula, a

feather; lithos, stone.]
jamesi, Hall & Whitfield, 1875, Pal. Ohio,

vol. 2. [Ety. proper name.]
Primitia, Jones, 1865, Ann. & Mag. Nat.

Hist., 3rd series, vol. 16. A subgenus

of Beyrichia, founded upon B. logani

and Cytheropsis concinna.
Proetus, Steininger, 1830, Bemerkungen

uber die Versteinerungen welche im

Uebergangs-Gebirge der Eifel. [Ety.

mythological name.]
alaricus, Billings, 1860, Can. Nat. & Geo.,

vol. 5, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. winged.]
angustifrons, Hall, 1861, 15th Reg. Rep.

N. Y., Schoharie grit. [Sig. having a

front. ]
auriculatus, Hall, 1861, 15th Reg. Rep.

N. Y., Chemung Gr. [Sig. eared.]
canaliculars, Hall, 1861, 15th Reg. Rep.

N.Y.,Up. Held.Gr. [Sig. channeled.]
clarus, Hall, 1861, 15th Reg. Rep. N. Y.,

Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. clear, manifest.]
conradi, Hall, 1861, 15th Reg. Rep. N. Y.,

Schoharie grit. [Ety. proper name.]
corycceus, Conrad, 1842, (Asaph us cory-

cceus) Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. 8,

Niagara Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
crassimarginatus, Hall, 1843, (Calymene

crassimarginata) Geo. Rep. 4th Dist.

N. Y., Corniferous Gr. [Sig. thick-
margined.]
doris, Hall, 1860, 13th Reg. Rep. N. Y.,

Ham. Gr. [Ety. mythological name.]

ellipticus, Meek & Worthen, 1865, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci., Kinderhook Gr. [Sig.

elliptical.]
haldemani, Hall, 1861, 15th Reg. Rep. N.

Y., Ham. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
hesione, Hall, 1861, 15th Reg. Rep. N.Y.,

Schoharie grit. [Ety. mythological

name.]
longicaudus, Hall, 1861, 15th Reg. Rep.

N. Y., Ham. Gr. [Sig. long-tailed.]
macrocephalus, Hall, 1861, 15th Reg.Rep.

N. Y., Ham. Gr. [Sig. long-headed.]
marginalis, Conrad, 1839, (Calymene

marginalis) Ann. Geo. Rep. N. Y.,

Tully limestone. [Sig. margined.]
missouriensis, Shumard, 1855, Geo. Rep.

Mo., Low. Carb. [Ety. proper name.]
occidens, Hall, 1861, 15th Reg. Rep. N.

Y., Ham. Gr. [Sig. western.]
parviusculus, Hall, 1866, Pamphlet,

Cin'ti Gr. [Sig. very small.]
phocion, Billings, 1874, Pal. Foss., vol. 2,

Devonian. [Ety. proper name.]
planimarginatus, Meek, 1871, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci. Phil., Corniferous Gr. [Sig.

flat-margined.]
protuberans, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol.

3, Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. protuberant.]
prouti, Shumard, 1863, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., Ham. Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
rowii, Green, 1838, (Calymene rowii) Am.

Jour. Sci., vol. 38, Ham Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
spurlocki, Meek, 1872, Am. Jour. Sci.,

3rd series, vol. 3, Cin'ti Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
stokesi, Murchison, 1839, (Asaphus

stokesii) Sil. Syst., Niagara Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
swallovi, Shumard, 1855, Geo. Rep. Mo.,

Chemung Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
verneuili, Hall, 1861, 15th Reg. Rep. N.

Y., Up. Held. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Protichnites, Owen, 1852, Jour. Geo. Soc,

vol. 8. [Ety. protos, first ; ichnos, foot-
print or track ; lithos, stone.]
acadicus, Dawson, 1863, Am. Jour. Sci.

& Arts, 3rd ser., vol. 5, Coal Meas.

[Ety. proper name.]
alternans, Owen, 1852, Jour. Geo. Soc,

vol. 8, Quebec Gr. [Sig. alternating.]
carbonarius, Dawson, 1863, Am. Jour.

Sci. & Arts, 3rd ser., vol. 5, Coal Meas.

[Sig. pertaining to coal.]
latus, Owen, 1852, Jour. Geo. Soc, vol. 8,

Quebec Gr. [Sig. wide.]
lineatus, Owen, 1852, Jour. Geo. Soc, vol.

8, Quebec Gr. [Sig. lined.]
logananus, Marsh, 1869, Am. Jour. Sci.

& Arts, 2d ser., vol. 48, Potsdam Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
multinotatus, Owen, 1852, Jour. Geo. Soc,

vol. 8, Quebec Gr. [Sig. many marks

or tracks.]
octo-notatus, Owen, 1852, Jour. Geo. Soc,

vol. 8, Quebec Gr. [Sig. having eight

marks or tracks.]

CRUSTACEA.

223

septem-notatus, Owen, 1852, Jour. Geo.

Soc., vol. 8, Quebec Gr. [Sig. having

seven marks.]
Ptekygotus, Agassiz, 1839, in March. Sil.

Svst, [Ety. pteron, wing ; ous, ear.]
cobbi, Hall, " 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 8,

Waterlime Gr. [Etv. proper.]
macrophthalmus, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y.,

vol. 3, Waterlime Gr. [Sig. long-
eyed.]
osborni, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. 3,

Waterlime Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Ptychaspis, Hall, 1863, 16th Reg. Rep. N. Y

[Ety. ptyche, folding or doubling;

aspis, a shield.]
barabuensis, Winehell, 1864, Am. Jour.

Sci. & Arts, 2d series, vol. 37, Potsdam

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
granulosa, Owen, 1852, (Dikelocephalus

granulosus) Rep. Iowa, Wis. & Minn.,

Potsdam Gr. [Sig. covered with

granules.]
miniscaensis, Owen, 1852, i Dikelocepha-
lus miniscaensis) Rep. Wis., Iowa &

Minn., Potsdam Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
sesostris, Billings, 1865, (Dikelocephalus

sesostris) Pal. Foss., vol. 1, Quebec Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
Remoplecrides, Portlock, 1843, Rep. Geol.

Lond. [Ety. remus, an oar ; pleura, a

rib.]
affinis, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Quebec Gr. [Sig. related to.]
canadensis, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol.

1, Chazy Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
panderi, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Quebec Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
schlotheimi, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol.

1, Quebec Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
striatums, Walcott, 1875, Cin. Quar. Jour.

Sci., vol. 2, Trenton Gr. [Sig. having

little striae.]
Rhabdichnites, Dawson, 1875, Can. Nat. & Geo.

Name proposed.
Rusichxites, Dawson, 1861, Can. Nat. &Geo.

[Ety. ru.sos, wrinkled ; ichnos, a track.]

Supposed track of a small Limulus.
acadicus, Dawson, 1861, Can. Nat. & Geo.,

Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
Shumardia, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol. 1.

[Ety. proper name.]
glacialis, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Quebec Gr. [Sig. icy, frozen.]
granulosa, Billings, 1862, Pal. Foss., vol. 1,

Quebec Gr. [Sig. covered with gran-
ules.]
Solenocaris, Meek, 1872, subgenus of Cerati-

ocaris.
Solenopleura, as used by Billings, 1874, Pal.

Foss., vol. 2. [Ety. Solen, the razor

fish ; pleura, a rib.]
communis, Billings, 1874, Pal. Foss., vol.

2, Potsdam Gr. [Sig. common, in
large numbers.]

Sph^rexochus, Beyrich, 1845, Monograph
of Trilobites." [Ety. sphaira, a ball;
exochos, prominent."]

canadensis, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil.
Foss. Antic, Anticosti Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]

minis, Beyrich, see Sphserexochus rom-
ingeri.

parvus, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., Chazy
& Black Riv. Gr. [Sig. small.]

romingeri, Hall, 1867, 20th Reg. Rep. N.

Y., Niagara Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

Sph^erocoryphe, Angelin, 1852, Palseonto-

logia Scandinavica. [Ety. sphaira, a

ball; koryphe, the top of the head.]

robustus, Walcott, 1875, Cin. Quar. Jour.
Sci., vol. 2, Trenton Gr. [Sig. robust.]

salteri, Billings, 1866, Catal. Sil. Foss.
Antic, Anticosti Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]
Telephus, Barrande. [Ety. mythological
name.]

americanus, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol.
1, Quebec Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Terataspis, Hall, 1863, 16th Reg. Rep. N. Y.
[Ety. teras, a marvel; aspis, shield.]
A subgenus of Acidaspis.

grandis, Hall, 1862, 15th Reg. Rep. N.
Y., (Lichas grandis) Schoharie grit.
[Sig. grand.]

eriopia, Hall, 1863, (Lichas eriopis) 16th
Reg. Rep. N. Y., Up. Held. Gr. [Ety.
mythological name.]
Thaleops, Conrad, 1843, Proc Acad. Nat.
Sci., vol. 1. [Ety. thalos, a stalk; ops,
an eye.]

ovata, Conrad, 1843, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
vol. 1, Trenton Gr. [Sig. ovate.]
Triarthrella, Hall, 1863, 16th Reg. Rep.
N. Y. [Ety. diminutive of Triarthrus.]

auroralis, Hall, 1863, 16th Reg. Rep. N.
Y., Potsdam Gr. [Sig. in the morning. ]
Triarthrus, Green, 1832, Monograph of
Trilobites. [Ety. triarthrus, three-
jointed.]

becki, Green, 1832, Monograph of Trilo-
bites, Trenton & Hud. Riv. Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]

spinosus, Billings, 1857, Rep. of Progr.,
Trenton Gr. [Sig. full of spines.]

trilineatus, Emmons, 1844, (Atops trilin-
eatus) Taconic Syst., Potsdam Gr.
[Sig. three-lined.]
Trimerus, syn. for Homalonotus.

delphinocephalus, see Homalonotus del-
phinocephalus.

jacksoni, see Homalonotus jacksoni.
Trinucleus, L h w y d , (or as he spelt it
Llhwydd) 1698, Phil. Trans., vol. 20.
[Ety. trinucleus, three-kerneled.]

concentricus, Eaton, 1832, (Nuttainia
concentrica) Geo. Text Book, Trenton
& Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. from the con-
centrical arrangement of the punc-
tures.]

tessellatus, Green, 1832, (Cryptolithus tes-
sellatus) syn. for Trinucleus concen-
tricus.

CLASS AEACHNIDA.

GENERA. — Architarbus, Arthrolycosa, Eoscorpius, Mazonia.

Abchitarbus, Scudder, 1868, Geo. Sur. 111.,
vol. 3. [Ety. arche, beginning ; tarbos,
object of alarm.]
rotundatus, Scudder, 1868, Geo. Sur. 111.,
vol. 3, Coal Meas. [Sig. rounded.]

Arthrolycosa, Harger, 1874, Am. Jour. Sci.,

3rd series, vol. 7. [Ety. arthron, a

joint ; lykos, a spider.]

antiqua, Harger, 1874, Am. Jour. Sci., 3d

ser., vol. 7, Coal Meas. [Sig. ancient.]

Eoscorpius, Meek & Worthen, 1868, Am.

Jour. Sci., vol. 45. [Ety. eos, dawn ;

scorphts, a scorpion.]
carbonarius, Meek & Worthen, 1868, Am.

Jour. Sci., vol. 45, Coal Meas. [Sig.

pertaining to coal.]
Mazonia, Meek & Worthen, 1868, Geo. Sur.

111., vol. 3. [Ety. proper name.]
woodana, Meek & Worthen, 1868, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 3, Coal Meas. [Ety.

proper name.]

CLASS MYEIAPODA.

GENERA. — Anthracerpes, Archiulus, Euphoberia, Xylobius.

Axthracerpes, Meek & Worthen, 1865, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. [Ety. anthrax,
coal ; erpo, to creep ; in allusion to its
Carboniferous age and probable
habits.]
typns, Meek & Worthen, 1865, Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci., Coal Meas. [Ety. type of
the genus.] This is probably a worm.

Archiulus, Scudder, 1868, Mem. Bost. Soc.
Nat, Hist., vol. 2. [Ety. arche, begin-
ning ; ioulos, a wood louse.]

xylobioides, Scudder, 1868, Mem. Bost.
Soc. Nat. Hist,, vol. 2, Coal Meas.
[Ety. from its resemblance to the
genus Xylobius.]
Euphoberia, Meek & Worthen, 1868, Am.
Jour. Sci., vol. 45. [Ety. eu, very;
plujberas, formidable.]

armigera, Meek & Worthen, 1868, Am.

Jour. Sci., vol. 45, Coal Meas. [Sig.

armed.]
major, Meek & Worthen, 1868, Am. Jour.

Sci., vol. 45, Coal Meas. [Sig. large.]
Xylobius, Dawson, 1860, Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc, vol. 16. [Ety. xylobius, living in

wood.]
dawsoni, Scudder, 1868, Mem. Bost, Soc.

Nat. Hist,, vol. 1, Coal Meas. [Ety.

proper name.]
fractus, Scudder, 1868, Mem. Bost. Soc.

Nat. Hist, vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig.

frail.]
sigillariae, Dawson, 1860, Quar. Jour. Sci.,

vol. 16, Coal Meas. [Sig. from the

Sigillaria in which it was found.]
similis, Scudder, 1868, Mem. Bost. Soc.

Nat. Hist., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig.

similar.]

CLASS INSECTA,

ORDER NEUROPTERA.— Chrestotes, Dyscritus, Ephenierites, Gerephemera, Haplo-
phlebium, Hemeristia, Homothetus, Libellula, Lithentomum, Megathentomum,
Miamia, Paolia, Platephemera, Xenoneura.

ORDER ORTHOPTERA.— Archegogryllus, Archimylacris, Blattina, Mylacris.

INCERT.E SEDIS — Palseocampa.

Archegogryllus, Scudder, 1868, Proc. Bost.

Soc. Nat. Hist. [Ety. archegos, first in

time; gryttus, a cricket]
priscus, Scudder, 1868, Proc. Bost. Soc.

Nat. Hist, Coal Meas. [Sig. ancient.]
Archimylacris, Scudder, 1868, Acad. Geol.

[Ety. arche, beginning; Mylacris, cock-
roach.]
acadica, Scudder, 1868, Acad. Geol., Low.

Carb. [Ety. proper name.]
mantis, Scudder, 1868, Geo. Sur. Ul.,vol. 3,

Coal Meas. [Ety. Mantis, a genus of

insects.]
Blattixa, Burmeister, 1838, Handbuch der

Entomologie. [Ety. Blatta, a cock-
roach.]
bretonensis, Scudder, 1875, Can. Nat., n.

s., vol. 7, Carboniferous. [Ety. proper

name.]
heeri, Scudder, 1868, Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 3,

Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
sepulta, Scudder, 1876, Can. Nat. & Geo.,

vol. 8, Carboniferous. [Sig. lulled to

sleep, buried.]
venusta, Lesquereux, 1860, Geo. Ark.,

vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. handsome.]
Chrestotes, Scudder, 1868, Geo. Sur. 111., vol.

3. [Etv. chrestotes, good of its kind.]
lapidea, Scudder, 1868, Geo. Sur. 111., vol.

3, Coal Meas. [Sig. stony.]
Dyscritcs, Scudder, 1868, Geo. Mag., vol. 5.

[Etv. dyscritos, hard to determine,

doubtful.]
vetustus, Scudder, 1868, Geo. Mag., vol.

5, Devonian. [Sig. ancient.]
Ephemerites, Scudder, 1868, Geo. Sur. 111.,

vol. 3. [Ety. from resemblance to the

Ephemera.]
aflinis, Scudder, 1868, Geo. Sur. 111., vol.

3, Coal Meas. [Sig. related to.]
gigas, Scudder, 1868, Geo. Sur. 111., vol.

3, Coal Meas. [Sig. large.]
simplex, Scudder, 1868, Geo. Sur. 111., vol.

3, Coal Meas. [Sig. simple.]

Gerephemera, Scudder, 1868, Geo. Mag.,

vol. 5. [Ety. geros, old; Ephemera, a

genus of insects.]
simplex, Scudder, 1868, Geo. Mag., vol. 5,

Devonian. [Sig. simple.]
Haplophlebium, Scudder, 1867, Can. Nat.

& Geo., 2d ser., vol. 3. [Ety. haplos,

simple ; phlebion, a vein.]
barnesi, Scudder, 1867, Can. Nat. & Geo.,

2d ser., vol. 3, Coal Meas. [Ety.

proper name.]
Hemeristia, Dana, 1864, Am. Jour. Sci. &

Arts, 2d ser., vol. 37. [Ety. hemera,

day.]
occidentalis. Dana, 1864, Am. Jour. Sci.

& Arts, '2d ser., vol. 37, Coal Meas.

[Sig. western.]
Homothetus, Scudder, 1867,Can. Nat. & Geo.,

2d series, vol. 3. [Ety. homos, similar ;

thesis, placed.]
fossilis, Scudder, 1867, Can. Nat. & Geo.,

2nd series, vol. 3, Ham. or Chemung

Gr. [Sig. fossil, extinct.]
Libellula, Fabricius, 1776, as identified by

Scudder.
carbonaria, Scudder, 1876, Can. Nat. &

Geo., vol. 8, Coal Meas. [Sig. pertain-
ing to coal.]
Lithentomum, Scudder, 1867,Can. Nat. &Geo.

2d series, vol. 3. [Ety. lithos, stone ;

entomon, an insect.]
harti, Scudder, 1867, Can. Nat. & Geo.,

2nd series, vol. 3, Ham. or Chemung

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Megathentomum, Scudder, 1868, Geo. Sur.

111., vol. 3. [Ety. megathos, largeness ;

entomon, an insect.]
pustulatum, Scudder, 1868, Geo. Sur. 111.,

vol. 3, Coal Meas. [Sig. covered with

pustules.]
Miamia, Dana, 1864, Am. Jour. Sci. & Arts,

2d ser., vol. 37. [Ety. proper name.]
bronsoni, Dana, 1864, Am. Jour. Sci. St

Arts, 2d ser., vol. 37, Coal Meas. [Ety.

proper name.]

INSECTA.

danse, Scudder, 1868, Geo. Sur. 111., vol.
3, Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
Mylackis, Scudder, 1868, Geo. Sur. 111., vol.
3. [Ety. mulakris, a kind of cock-
roach.]

anthracophila, Scudder, 1868, Geo. Sur.
111., vol. 3, Coal Meas. [Ety. anthrax,
coal ; philo, I like.]
Pal.<eocampa, Meek & Worthen, 1865, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. [Ety. palaios, ancient;
kampe, a caterpillar.]

anthrax, Meek & Worthen, 1865, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci., Coal Meas. [Ety.
anthrax, coal ; in allusion to the Car-
boniferous age of the species.]

Paolia, Smith, 1871, Am. Jour. Sci. & Arts,

3rd series, vol. 1. [Ety. proper name.]
vetusta, Smith, 1871, Am. Jour. Sci., 3rd

series, vol. 1, Coal Meas. [Sig. ancient.]
Platephemera, Scudder, 1867, Can. Nat. &

Geo., 2nd series, vol. 3. [Ety. platys,

flat; epliemera, an insect.]
antiqua, Scudder, 1867, Can. Nat. & Geo.,

2d series, vol. 3, Ham. or Chemung Gr. *

[Sig. ancient.]
Xenoneura, Scudder, 1867, Can. Nat. & Geo.,

2nd series, vol. 3. [Ety. xenos, new,

strange'; wwra, a nerve.]
antiquorum, Scudder, 1867, Can. Nat. &

Geo., 2nd series, vol. 3, Ham. or Che-
mung Gr. [Sig. ancient.]

SUB-KINGDOM VERTEBRATA.

First Class,
Second Class,

PISCES.
REPTILIA.

CLASS PISCES

ORDER GANOIDEI. — Acanthaspis, Acantholepis, Acrolepis, Amblypterus, Anaclitacan-
thus, Aspidichthys, Asterosteus, Catopterus, Cephalaspis, Coccosteus, Coelacanthus,
Conchodus, Ctenodus, Cyrtacanthus, Dinichthys, Dipterus, Eurylepis, Heliodus,
Holoptychius, Liognathus, Macropetalichthys, Mecolepis, Onychodus, Palseoniscus,
Peplorhina, Platysomus, Pterichthys, Pygopterus, Rhizodus, Rhynchodus.

ORDER SELACHII. — Acondylacanthus, Agassizodus, Amacanthus, Antliodus, Apedodus,
Aspidodus, Asteroptychius, Batacanthus, Bathycheilodus, Bythiacanthus, Calopo-
dus, Carcharopsis, Cheirodus, Cholodus, Chomatodus, Cladodus, Climaxodus,
Cochliodus, Compsacanthus, Ctenacanthus, Ctenopetalus, Ctenoptychius, Cymato-
dus, Dactylodus, Deltodus, Desraiodus, Diplodus, Drepanacanthus, Edestes, Erisma-
canthus, Fissodus, Gampsacanthus, Geisacanthus, Glymmatacanthus, Gyracanthus,
Harpacodus, Helodus, Hybocladodus, Lambdodus, Lecracanthus, Leiodus, Lepto-
phractus, Lisgodus, Listraeanthus, Macheeracanthus, Marracanthus, Mesodmodus,
Oracanthus, Orodus, Orthacantbus, Peltodus, Periplectrodus, Peripristis, Petalodus,
Petalorhyncbus, Petrodns, Phcebodus, Physonemus, Platyodus, Pleuracanthus,
Pnigeacanthus, Pcecilodus, Polyrhizodus, Pristicladodus, Pristodus, Psammodus,
Psephodus, Ptyctodus, Sandalodus, Stemmatodus, Stenacanthus, Tanaodus, Thrina-
codus, Trigonodus, Venustodus, Xystracanthus, Xystrodus.

Acanthaspis, Newberry, 1875, Ohio Pal., vol.

2. [Ety. akantha, spine ; aspis, a shield.]
armata, Newberry, 1875, Ohio Pal., vol.

2, Corniferous Gr. [Sig. armed.]
Acantholepis, Newberry, 1875, Ohio Pal.,

vol. 2. [Ety. akantha, a spine ; lepis,

a scale.]
pustulosa, Newberry, 1875, Ohio Pal.,

vol. 2, Corniferous Gr. [Sig. covered

with pustules.]
Acondylacanthus, St. John & Worthen,

1875, Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6. [Ety.

akondyloH, without bony knobs;

akantha, a spine.]
sequicostatus, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, Keokuk Gr.

[Sig. equal ribbed.]

gracilis, St. John & Worthen, 1875, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 6, Kinderhook Gr. [Sig.

slender.]
occidentalis, Newberry & Worthen, 1866,

(Leptacanthus occidentalis) Geo. Sur.

111., vol. 2, St. Louis Gr. [Sig. western.]

Acrolepis, Agassiz, 1843, Recherches Poiss.
Foss. [Ety. akros, sharp; lepis, a
scale.]
hortonensis, Dawson, 1868, Acad. Geol.,
Carboniferous. [Ety. proper name.]

Agasskhthys, syn. for Macropetalichthys.
manni, see Macropetalichthys manni.
sullivanti, see Macropetalichthys sulli-
vanti.

PISCES.

Agassizodus, St. John & Worthen, 1875

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6. [Ety. proper

name; odous, tooth.]
corrugatus, Newberry & Worthen, 1870,

(Orodus corrugatus) Geo. Sur. 111.,

vol. 4, Coal Meas. [Sig. wrinkled.]
scitulus, St. John & Worthen, 1875, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 6, Coal Meas. [Sig.

pretty, neat.]
variabilis, Newberry & Worthen, 1870,

(Lophodus variabilis) Geo. Sur. 111.,

vol. 4, Coal Meas. [Sig. variable.]
virginianus, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, Coal Meas. [Ety.

proper name.]
Amacanthus, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6. [Ety. anakanthos,

destitute of prickles.]
gibbosus, Newberry & Worthen, 1866,

(Homacanthus gibbosus) Geo. Sur. 111.,

vol. 2, St. Louis Gr. [Sig. gibbous.]
Amblypterus, Agassiz, 1833, Recherches sur

les Poissons Fossiles. [Ety. amblys,

blunt ; pteron, fin.]
macropterus, Agassiz, 1835, Recherch.

Poiss. Foss., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig.

large-finned.]
Anaclitacanthus, St. John & Worthen,

1875, Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6. [Ety.

anaklitos, leant upon ; akantha, a spine.]
semicostatus, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, Burlington Gr.

[Sig. half-ribbed.]
Antliodus, Newberry & Worthen, 1866,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 2. [Ety. antlia, a

depression; odous, a tooth.]
cucullus, Newberry & Worthen, 1866,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 2, Keokuk Gr. [Sig.

a covering.]
gracilis, St. John & Worthen, 1875, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 6, Warsaw Gr. [Sig.

slender.]

minutus, Newberry & Worthen, 1866,
~.,vol.
small.]

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 2, Keokuk Gr. [Sig.

mucronatus, Newberry & Worthen, 1866,

Geo. Suf. 111., vol. 2, St. Louis Gr.

[Sig. sharp-pointed.]
parvulus, Newberry & Worthen, 1866,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 2, Burlington Gr.

[Sig. very small.]
perovalis, St. John & Worthen, 1875, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 6, Warsaw Gr. [Sig.

very ovate.]
robustus, Newberry & Worthen, 1866,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 2, Chester Gr. [Sig.

robust.]
politus, Newberry & Worthen, 1866, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 2, Keokuk Gr. [Sig.

smoothed.]
sarcululus, Newberry & Worthen, 1870,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 4, Burlington Gr.

[Sig. a little hoe.]
similis, Newberry & Worthen, 1866,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 2, Keokuk Gr.

[Sig. similar.]

simplex, Newberry & Worthen, 1866,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 2, Burlington Gr.

[Sig. simple.]
sulcatus, Newberry & Worthen, 1866,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 2, Keokuk Gr. [Sig.

furrowed.]
Apedodus, Leidy, 1856, Jour. Acad. Nat.

Sci., 2d ser., vol. 3. [Ety. apedos, level,
, smooth ; odous, tooth.]
priscus, Leidy, 1856, Jour. Acad. Nat.

Sci., 2d ser., vol. 3, Chemung Gr.

[Sig. ancient]
Aspidichthys, Newberry, 1873, Ohio Pal.,

vol. 1. [Ety. axpis, a shield; ichthys,

a fish.]
clavatus, Newberry, 1873, Ohio Pal., vol.

1, Portage Gr. [Sig. club-shaped.]
Aspidodus, Newberry & Worthen, 1866, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 2. [Ety. aspis, a shield ;

odous, tooth.]
convolutus, Newberry & Worthen, 1866,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 2, Chester Gr. [Sig.

rolled as it were together.]
crenulatus, Newberry & Worthen, 1866,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 2, Chester Gr. [Sig.

crenulated, zigzag.]
Asteeacanthus, Agassiz, 1837, Recherches

sur les Poissons Fossiles. [Ety. aster,

star ; akantha, spine.]
siderius, Leidy, see Bythiacanthus siderius.
Asteroptychius, Agassiz, 1843, Recherches

sur les Poissons Fossiles. [Ety. aster,

a star ; ptyche, a wrinkle.]
bellulus, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, Coal Meas. [Sig.

pretty, neat.]
keokuk, St. John & Worthen, 1875, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 6, Keokuk Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
st. ludovici, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, St. Louis Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
tenuis, St. John & Worthen, 1875, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 6, Chester Gr. [Sig.

slender.]
triangularis, Newberry & Worthen, 1870,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 4, Burlington Gr.

[Sig. triangular.]
vetustus, St. John & Worthen, 1875, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 6, Kinderhook Gr. [Sig.

ancient.]
Asterosteus, Newberry, 1875, Ohio Pal.,

vol. 2. [Ety. aster, a star; osteon, a

bone.]
stenocephalus, Newberry, 1875, Ohio Pal.,

vol. 2, Corniferous Gr. [Sig. narrow-
headed.]
Batacanthus, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6. [Ety. batos, a

prickly bush ; akantha, a spine.]
baculiformis, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, Keokuk Gr.

[Sig. staff-shaped.]
stellatus, Newberry & Worthen, 1866,

(Drepanacanthus (?) stellatus) Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 2, Keokuk Gr. [Sig.

starred.]

PISCES.

Bathycheilodus, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6. [Ety. bathys,

deep; cheilos, lip; odous, tooth.]
macisaacsi, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, Devonian. [Ety.

proper name.]
Bythiacanthus, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6. [Ety. bythios,

deep ; akantha, a spine.]
siderius, Leidy, 1873, (Asteracanthus

siderius) Ext. Vert. Fauna, Low.

Carb. [Sig. starred.]
vanhornei, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, St. Louis Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
Calopodus, St. John & Worthen, 1875, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 6. [Sig. a shoemaker's

last.]
apicalis, St. John & Worthen, 1875, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 6, Coal Meas. [Sig.

sharp-pointed.]
Carchakopsis, Agassiz, 1843, Recherches

sur les Poissons Fossiles. [Ety. car-

charopsis, shark -like.]
wortheni, Newberry, 1866, Geo. Sur. 111.,

vol. 2, Low. Carb. [Ety. proper name.]
Catopterus, Redfield, 1841, Annals N. Y.

Lyceum, vol.. 4. [Ety. kata, on the

lower side ; pteron, a fin.]
macrurus, Redfield, 1841, Am. Jour. Sci.,

vol. 41, Carboniferous. [Sig. large-
finned.]
Cephalaspis, Agassiz, 1835, Recherch. Pois.

Foss. [Ety. kephale, head; aspis, a

shield.]
dawsoni, Lankester, 1870, London Geo.

Mag., Devonian. [Ety. proper name.]
Cheirodis, McCoy, 1848, Ann. & Mag. Nat.

Hist. [Ety. cfieir, the hand; odous,

tooth.]
acutus, Newberry, 1857, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci., vol. 8, Coal Meas. [Sig. sharp-
pointed.]
Cholodus, St. John & Worthen, 1875, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 6. [Ety. cholos, defec-
tive; odous, tooth.]
insequalis, St. John & Worthen, 1875, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 6, Coal Meas. [Sig. un-
equal.]
Chomatodus, Agassiz, 1838, Recherches sur

les Poissons Fossiles. [Ety. choma, a

pile or heap ; odous, tooth.]
affinis, Newberry & Worthen, 1866, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 2, Keokuk Gr. [Sig.

near to.]
angularls, see Tanaodus angularis.
arcuatus, St. John, 1870, Proc. Am. Phil.

Soc, vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. arched.]
chesterensis, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, Chester Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
comptus, St. John & Worthen, 1875, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 6, Burlington Gr. [Sig.

elegant.]
costatus, Newberry & Worthen, 1866, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 2, Chester Gr. [Sig.

ribbed.]

cultellus, Newberry & Worthen, 1866,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 2, Chester Gr. [Sig.

a small knife.]
elegans, Newberry & Worthen, 1866, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 2, Keokuk Gr. [Sig.

elegant.]
ffracillimw, see Tanaodus gracillimus.
inconstans, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, St. Louis Gr.

[Sig. not constant in form or size.]
incrassatus, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, St. Louis Gr.

[Sig. thickened.]
insignis, Leidy, 1856, Trans. Am. Phil.

Soc., vol. 11, St, Louis Gr. [Sig.

marked.]
linearis, Agassiz, 1838, (Psammodus line-
aris) Recherches Pois. Foss., Low.

Carb. [Sig. lined.]
loriformis, Newberry & Worthen, 1866,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 2, Keokuk Gr.

[Sig. like a thong or whip.]
molaris, Newberry & Worthen, 1866, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 2, Keokuk Gr. [Sig. like

a molar or grinder.]
multiplicatus, see Tanaodus multiplicatus.
obscurus, see Tanaodus obscurus.
parallelus, St. John & Worthen, 1875, Geo,

Sur. 111., vol. 6, Warsaw Gr. [Sig.

parallel.]
pusillus, Newberrv & Worthen, 1866,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 2, Keokuk Gr. [Sig.

very small.]
varsoviensis, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, Warsaw Gr.

[Ety. proper name.J
venustm, Leidy, see \enustodus leidyi,

where the specific name is made to

designate the genus, and the author

the specific name, contrary to the

rules of nomenclature; also see Venus-

todus venustus.
Cladodus, Agassiz, 1843, Recherches sur les

Poissons Fossiles. [Ety. klados, a

twig; odous, tooth.]
acuminatus, Newberry, 1857, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci. Phil., vol. 8, Low. Carb. [Sig.

sharp-pointed; from the extreme

sharpness of the central and lateral

denticles.]
alternatus, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, Kinderhook Gr.

[Sig. alternating.]
^hgulatus, Newberry & Worthen, 1866,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 2, Keokuk Gr.

[Sig. angular.]
bellifer, St. John & Worthen, 1875, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 6, Burlington Gr. [Sig.

war-like, martial.]
carinatus, St. John & Worthen, 1875, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 6, Coal Meas. [Sig.

keeled.]
concinnus, Newberry, 1875, Ohio Pal.,

vol. 2, Portage Gr. [Sig. handsome.]
costatus, Newberry & Worthen, 18 66,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 2, Chester Gr. [Sig.

ribbed, having prominent ridges.]

230

PISCES.

deflexus, Newberry & Worthen, 18 70,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 4, Burlington Gr.

[Sig. downward, turned aside.]
eccentricus, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, St. Louis Gr.

[Sig. eccentric]
elegans, Newberry & Worthen, 1870,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, St. Louis Gr.

[Sig. elegant.]
Kb ■

euglypheus, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, St. Louis Gr.

[Sig. well carved, distinctly marked.]
exiguus, St. John & Worthen, 1875, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 6, Kinderhook Gr. [Sig.

small.]
exilis, St. John & Worthen, 1875, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 6, Kinderhook Gr. [Sig.

small, slender.]
ferox, Newberry & Worthen, 1866, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 2, St. Louis Gr. [Sig.

fierce, sharp-pointed.]
fulleri, St. John & Worthen, 1875, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 6, Coal Meas. [Ety.

proper name.]
gomphoides, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, Burlington Gr.

[Sig. like a club.]
gracilis, Newberry & Worthen, 1866, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig.

slender.]
grandis, Newberry & Worthen, 1866, Geo.

Sur. Ill.,vol. 2, Chester Gr. [Sig. great.]
hertzeri, Newberry, 1875, Ohio Pal., vol.

2, Portage Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
intercostatus, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, Burlington Gr.

[Sig. intercostated, ridge within ridge.]
ischypus, Newberry & Worthen, 1870,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 4, St. Louis Gr.

[Sig. strong-footed.]
lamnoides, Newberry & Worthen, 1866,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 2, Kinderhook Gr.

[Ety. from resemblance to the teeth

of the living Lamna.]
magnificus, Tuomey, 1858, 2d Rep. Geo.

Ala., Low. Carb. [Sig. magnificent.]
micropus, Newberry & Worthen, 1866,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 2, Keokuk Gr.

[Sig. small footed.]
mortifer, Newberrv & Worthen, 1866,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig.

death dealing, deadly.]
newmani, Tuomey, 1856, Geo. Alabama,

Low. Carb. [Ety. proper name.]*
pandatus, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, Coal Meas. [Sig.

bent downward.]
parvulus, Newberry, 1875, Ohio Pal., vol.

2, Portage Gr. [Sig. very small.]
pattersoni, Newberry, 1875, Ohio Pal.,

vol. 2, Waverly Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
politus, Newberrv & Worthen, 1875, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 2, Chester Gr. [Sig.

smoothed.]
prsenuntius, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, Burlington Gr.

[Sig. a foreteller, harbinger.]

raricostatus, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, Keokuk Gr.

[Sig. having few ridges; from a few

diverging thread-like striae on the

outer face of the principal cone.]
robustus, Newberry & Worthen, 1866,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 2, Keokuk Gr.

[Sig. robust.]
romingeri, Newberry, 1875, Ohio Pal., vol.

2, Waverly Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
spinosus, Newberry & Worthen, 1866,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 2, St. Louis Gr.

[Sig. full of spines.]
springeri, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, Kinderhook Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
stenopus, Newberry & Worthen, 1866,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 2, St. Louis Gr.

[Sig. narrow-footed.]
subulatus, Newberry, 1875, Ohio Pal.,

vol. 2, St. Louis Gr. [Sig. awl-shaped,

subulate.]
succinctus, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, Kinderhook Gr.

[Sig. girded, contracted, short.]
turritus, Newberry & Worthen, 1866, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 2, Keokuk Gr. [Sig.

fortified, turreted.]
vanhornei, St. John" & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, St. Louis Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
wachsmuthi, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, Kinderhook Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
zygopus, Newberrv & Worthen, 1866,Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 2, Chester Gr. [Sig.

with joined feet.]
Climaxodus, McCoy, 1848, Ann. & Mag. Nat.

Hist. [Ety. klimax, a ladder; odous, a

tooth.]
brevis, Newberry, 1857, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci., vol. 8, Coal Meas. [Sig. short.]
Coccosteus, Agassiz, 1843, Recherch. Pois.

Foss., vol. 2. [Ety. kokkos, a berry ;

osteon, a bone.]
occidentals, Newberry, 1874, Ohio Pal.,

vol. 2, Corniferous Gr. [Sig. western.]
Cochliodus, Agassiz, 1838, Recherches sur

les Poissons Fossiles. [Ety. kochlias, a

cockle; odous, a tooth.]
costatus, Newberry & Worthen, 1870,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 4, Burlington Gr.

[Sig. ribbed.]
crassus, Newberry & Worthen, 1866, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 2, Keokuk Gr. [Sig.

thick.]
nobilis, Newberry & Worthen, 1866, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 2, Keokuk Gr. [Sig.

noble.]
Ccblacanthus, Agassiz, 1843, Recherches

sur les Poissons Fossiles. [Ety. koilos,

hollow ; akantha, spine.]
elegans, Newberry, 1857, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci. Phil., vol. 8, Coal Meas. [Sig.

elegant.]
ornatus, Newberry, 1857, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci. Phil., vol. 8, Coal Meas. [Sig.

adorned.]

PISCES.

231

robustus, Newberrv, 1857, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci. Phil., vol. 8, Coal Meas. [Sig.

robust.]
Compsaca.vthus, Newberry, 1857, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci., vol. 8. [Ety. compsos, ele-
gant ; akantha, a spine.]
lajvis, Newberry, 1857, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci. Phil., vol. 8, Coal Meas. [Sig.

smooth.]
Cvitchiopsis, syn. for Coelacanthus.

anguliferus, syn. for Coelacanthus elegans.
exanthematicus, syn. for Peplorhina an-

thracina.
Jiliferus, syn. for Coelacanthus elegans.
Conchodus, McCoy, 1848, Ann. & Mag. Nat.

Hist., 2d ser., vol. 2. [Ety. conchos, a

shell ; odoux, a tooth.]
plicatus, Dawson, 1808, Acad. Geol., Coal

Meas. [Sig. plicated.]
Ctenacanthus, Agassiz, 1837, Recherches

sur les Poissons Fossiles. [Ety. ktenos,

a comb ; akantha, a spine.]
angulatus, Newberrv & Worthen, 1866,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol" 2, Chester Or. [Sig.

angular.]
burlingtonensis, St. John & Worthen,

1875, Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, Burlington

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
costatus, Newberry & Worthen, 1866,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 2, St. Louis, Gr.
• [Sig. ribbed.]
elegans, Tuomey, 1858, Geo. Ala., Low.

Carb. [Sig. elegant.]
excavatus, St. John & AVorthen, 1866,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, Keokuk Gr.

[Sig. excavated.]
formosus, Newberry, 1873, Ohio Pal., vol.

1, Waverly Gr. [Sig. beautiful.]
furcicarinatus, Newberry, 1875, Ohio Pal.,

vol. 2, Waverly Gr. [Sig. forked and

keeled.]
gemmatus, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, St. Louis Gr.

[Sig. having buds.]
gracillimus, Newberry & Worthen, 1866,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 2, St. Louis Gr.

[Sig. very slender.]
grado-costatus, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, Burlington Gr.

[Sig. having steps and ribs.]
keokuk, St. John & Worthen. 1875, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 6, Keokuk' Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
marshi, Newberry, 1873, Ohio Pal., vol. 1,

Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
mayi, Newberry & Worthen, 1866, Ohio

Pal., vol. 1, Burlington Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
parvulus, Newberry, 1875, Ohio Pal., vol.

2, Cleveland shale. [Sig. very small.]
pugiunculus, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, St. Louis Gr.
[Sig. a small dagger.]
sculptus, St. John & Worthen, 1875, Geo.
Sur. 111., vol. 6, Kinderhook Gr. [Sig.
engraved.]

similis, St. John & Worthen, 1875, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 6, Chester Gr. [Sig.

similar.]
speciosus, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, Kinderhook Gr.

[Sig. beautiful.]
spectabilis, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, Kinderhook Gr.

[Sig. remarkable.]
triangularis, Newberry, 1873, Ohio Pal.,

vol. 1, AVaverly Gr. [Sig. triangular.]
varians, St. John & AVorthen, 1875, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 6, Kinderhook Gr. [Sig.

variable.]
vetustus, Newberry, 1873, Ohio Pal., vol.

1, Portage Gr. [Sig. ancient.]
Ctenodus, Agassiz, 1838, Recherches sur les

Poissons Fossiles. [Ety. ktenos, a
comb ; odous, a tooth.]

ohioensis, Cope, 1874, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phil., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper
name.]

reticulatus, Newberry, 1875, Ohio Pal.,
vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. like net-
work.]

serratus, Newberry, 1875, Ohio Pal., vol.

2, Coal Meas. * [Sig. saw-edged, ser-
rated.]

Ctenopetalus, Agassiz, 1869, Catal. Foss.

Fish, Collection of Earl of Enniskillen.

[Ety. ktenos, a comb ; petalos, broad,

full grown.]
bellulus, St. John & AVorthen, 1875, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 6, St. Louis Gr. [Sig.

very beautiful.]
limatulus, St. John & Worthen, 1875, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 6, Chester Gr. [Sig. like

a little file.]
medius, St. John & Worthen, 1875, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 6, Chester Gr. [Sig.

intermediate.]
occidentalis, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, Coal Meas. [Sig.

western.]
vinosus, St. John & Worthen, 1875, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 6, Keokuk Gr. [Sig.

full of wine.]
Ctenoptychius, Agassiz, 1838, Recherches

sur les Poissons Fossiles. [Ety. ktenos,

a comb ; ptyche, a wrinkle.]
cristatus, Dawson, 186 8, Acad. Geol.,

Coal Meas. [Sig. tufted.]
pertenuis, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, Chester Gr.

[Sig. very slender.]
semicircularis, Newberry & AVorthen,

1866, Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 2, Coal Meas.

[Sig. half-circular.]
stevensoni, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, Coal Meas. [Ety.

proper name.]
Cyrt acanthus, Newberry, 1873, Ohio Pal.,

vol. 1. [Ety. kurtos, curved; akantha,

a spine.]
dentatus, Newberry, 1873, Ohio Pal., vol.

1, Corniferous Gr. [Sig. toothed.]

232

PISCES.

Cymatodus, Newberry & Worthen, 1870,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 4. [Ety. a/mates,

wavy ; odous, tooth.]
oblongus, Newberry & Worthen, 1870,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 4, Up. Coal Meas

[Sig. oblong.]
Dactylodus, Newberry & Worthen, 1866

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 2. [Ety. daktylos, a

finger ; odous, a tooth.]
concavus, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, St. Louis Gr,

[Sig. concave.]
excavatus, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, Chester Gr. [Sig.

hollowed out.]
inflexus, Newberry & Worthen, 1866,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 2, Chester Gr. [Sig.

bent, curved.]
lobatus, Newberry & Worthen, 1866,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 2, St. Louis Gr.

[Sig. lobate.]
minimus, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. III., vol. 6, St. Louis Gr.

[Sig. very small.]
princeps, Newberry & Worthen, 1866,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 2, St. Louis Gr.

[Sig. chief.]
Deltodus, Newberry &. Worthen, 1866,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 2. [Ety. delta, tri-
angular ; odous, tooth.]
alatus, Newberry & Worthen, 1870, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 4, Keokuk Gr. [Sig.

winged.]
angularis, Newberry & Worthen, 1866,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig.

angular.]
angustus, Newberry & Worthen, 1870,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 4, Chester Gr.

[Sig. narrow.]
cingulatus, Newberry & Worthen, 1866,

Goo. Sur. 111., vol. 2, Chester Gr. [Sig.

encircled with lines.]
complanatus, Newberry & Worthen, 1866,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 2, Burlington Gr.

[Sig. smoothed.]
fasciatus, Newberry & Worthen, 1870,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 4, Keokuk Gr.

[Sig. banded, girded.]
grandis, Newberry & Worthen, 1866, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 2, Keokuk Gr. [Sig.

grand.]
littoni, Newberry & Worthen, 1870, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 4, Low. Carb. [Ety.

proper name.]
rhomboideus, Newberry & Worthen, 1866,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 2, St. Louis Gr. [Sig.

lozenge or diamond-shaped.]
spatulatus, Newberry & Worthen, 1866,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 2, Burlington Gr.

[Sig. spatulate, blade-shaped.]
stellatus, Newberry & Worthen, 1866,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 2, Keokuk Gr.

[Sig. starred.]
undulatus, Newberry & Worthen, 1866,
•Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 2, Keokuk Gr.

[Sig. undulated, waved.]

Desmiodus, St. John & Worthen, 1875, Geo.
Sur. 111., vol. 6. [Ety. desmos, a liga-
ment ; odous, tooth.] This name was
applied to a genus of bats, in 1826, by
Prinz, Neu. Wied. in Beitrage zur
Naturg. Brasilieus.

costelliferus, St. John & Worthen, 1875,
Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, St. Louis Gr.
[Sig. bearing faint ribs.]

flabellum, St. John & Worthen, 1875,
Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, Keokuk Gr.

[Sig. a little fan.]
~}hn

ig. a
iform

ligoniformis, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo." Sur. 111., vol. 6, Keokuk Gr.

[Sig. like a mattock.]
minusculus, Newberry & Worthen, 1866,

(Orodus minusculus) Geo. Rep. 111.,

vol. 2, Keokuk Gr. [Sig. rather small.]
tumidus, St. John & Worthen, 1875, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 6, St. Louis Gr. [Sig.

swollen out.]
Dinichthys, Newberry, 1873, Ohio Pal., vol. 1.

[Ety. demos, terrible ; khthys, a fish.]
hertzeri, Newberry, 1873, Ohio Pal., vol.

1, Corniferous Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
terrelli, Newberry, 1873-75, Ohio Pal.,

vol. 1 and 2, Corniferous Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
Diplodus, Agassiz, 1843, Recherches sur les

Poissons Fossiles. [Ety. diploos,

double; odous, a tooth.] This name

was used by Rafinesque for a genus of

Sparidse in 1810, Indice d'Littologia

Siciliana.
acinaces, Dawson, 1860, Acad. Geol.,

Coal Meas. [Sig. a short saber.]
compressus, Newberry, 1857, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci.Phil., vol. 8, Coal Meas. [Sig.

compressed.]
diqjlicatus, see Thrinacodus duplicatus.
gracilis, Newberry, 1857, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci. Phil., vol. 8, Coal Meas. [Sig.

slender.]
incurvus, see Thrinacodus incurvus.
latus, Newberry, 1857, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci. Phil., vol. 8, Coal Meas. [Sig.

broad.]
penetrans, Dawson, 1860, Acad. Gepl.,

Coal Meas. [Sig. piercing, penetrat-
ing-]
Diptkrus, Sedgwick & Murchison, 1828, Geo.

Trans. , 2d series, vol. 3. [Ety. dipteros,

two winged.] Diptera is an order of

insects established by Linnaeus?
sherwoodi, Newberry, 1875, Ohio Pal.,

vol. 2, Catskill Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
Drepanacanthus, Newberry & Worthen,

1866, Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 2. [Ety.

drepane, a sickle ; akantha, a spine.]
anceps, see Xystracanthus anceps.
gemmatus, Newberry & Worthen, 1866,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 2, Keokuk Gr.

[Sig. budded or having knots.]
reversus, St. John & Worthen, 1875, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 6, St. Louis Gr. [Sig.

reversed.]
stellatus, see Batacanthus stellatus.

PISCES.

Edestes, Leidy, 1856, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci.,

2nd series, vol. 3. [Ety. edestes, a de-

vourer.]
heinrichsi, Newberry & Worthen, 1870,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 4, Coal Meas. [Ety.

proper name.]
minor, Newberry, 1866, Geo. Sur. 111., vol.

2, Coal Meas. [Sig. less.]
vorax, Leidy, 1856, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci.

Phil., vol. 3, 2d series, Coal Meas.

[Sig. ravenous, voracious.]
Elonkhthys peltigerus, see Palaeoniscus pelti-

gerus.
Erismacanthus, McCoy, 1848, Ann. & Mag.

Nat. Hist., 2d series, vol. 2. [Ety.

ereisma, a prop or stay; akantha, a

spine.]
maccoyanus, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, St. Louis Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
Eubylepis, Newberry, 1856, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci. Phil. [Ety. eurys, broad ; lepis,

scale.]
corrugata, Newberrv, 1856, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci. Phil.," Coal Meas. [Sig.

corrugated.]
granulata, Newberry, 1856, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci. Phil., Coal Meas. [Sig.

granular.]
insculpta, dewberry, 1856, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci. Phil., Coal Meas. [Sig.

carved, engraved.]
lineata, Newberry, 1856, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci. Phil., Coal Meas. [Sig.

lined.]
minima, Newberry, 1873, Ohio Pal., vol.

1, Coal Meas. [Sig. very small.]
ornatissima, Newberry, 1856, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci. Phil., Coal Meas. [Sig.

highly ornamented.]
ovoidea, Newberry, 1856, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci. Phil., Coal Meas. [Sig. egg-
shaped.]
striolata, Newberry, 1873, Ohio Pal., vol.

1, Coal Meas. [Sig. very minutely

striated.]
tuberculata, Newberry, 1856, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci., Coal Meas. [Sig. tuber-

culated.]
Fissodus, St. John & Worthen, 1875, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 6. [Ety. fissus, split;

odous, tooth.]
bifidus, St. John & Worthen, 1875, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 6, Chester Gr. [Sig.

divided into two parts.]
tricuspidatus, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, Chester Gr.

[Sig. three-pointed.]
Gampsacanthus, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6. [Ety. gampsos,

curved; akantha, a spine.]
(?) latus, St. John & Worthen, 1875, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 6, Keokuk Gr. [Sig.

wide.]
squamosus, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, St. Louis Gr.

[Sig. scaly.]

typus, St. John & Worthen, 1875, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 6, St. Louis Gr. [Ety.

the type of the genus.]
Geisacanthus, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6. [Ety. geison, a

border ; akantha, a spine.]
bullatus, St. John & Worthen, 1875, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 6, Chester Gr. [Sig.

bossed, studded.]
stellatus, St. John & Worthen, 1875, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 6, St. Louis Gr. [Sig.

starred.]
Glymmatacanthus, St. John & Worthen,

1875, Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6. [Ety.

glymmatos, engraved; akantha, a spine.]
irishi, St. John & Worthen, 1875, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 6, Kinderhook Gr. [Ety.

proper name.] t
Gyracanthus, Agassiz, 1837, Recherches

sur les Poissons Fossiles. [Ety. gyros,

a circle; akantha, a spine.]
alleni, Newberry, 1873, Ohio Pal., vol. 1,

Cuyahoga shale. [Ety. proper name.]
compressus, Newberry, 1873, Ohio Pal.,

vol. 1, Cuyahoga shale. [Sig. com-
pressed.]
duplicatus, Dawson, 1868, Acad. Geol.,

Coal Meas. [Sig. doubled.]
magnificus, Dawson, 1868, Acad. Geol.,

Low. Carb. [Sig. magnificent, splen-
did.]
Harpacodus, Agassiz, 1869, Catal. Foss.

Fish,Collection of Earl of Enniskillen.

[Ety. harpe, a hook; odous, a tooth.]
compactus, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, Chester Gr.

[Sig. compact.]
occidentalis, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, St. Louis Gr.

[Sig. western.]
Heliodus, Newberry, 1875, Ohio Pal., vol.

2. [Ety. helios, the sun; odous, a

tooth.]
lesleyi, Newberry, 1875, Ohio Pal., vol. 2,

Chemung Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Helodus, Agassiz, 1838, Recherches sur les

Poissons Fossiles. [Ety. helos, a nail

or rudder; odous, a tooth.]
angulatus, Newberry & Worthen, 1866,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, Burlington Gr.

[Sig. angular.]
biformis, Newberry & Worthen, 1866,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 2, Kinderhook Gr.

[Sig. double-formed.]
carbonarius, Newberry & Worthen, 1866,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig.

pertaining to coal.]
compressus, Newberry & Worthen, 1870,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 4, Burlington Gr.

[Sig. compressed.]
compressus, see Hybocladodus compressus.
coniculus, Newberry & Worthen, 1866,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 2, Burlington Gr.

[Sig. a little cone.]
consohdatus, Newberry & Worthen, 1866,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 2, Keokuk Gr.

[Sig. consolidated.]

234

PISCES.

crenulatus, Newberry & Worthen, 1866,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 2, Keokuk Gr.

[Sig. crenulated.]
• lenshumani, Newberry & Worthen, 1866,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 2, Keokuk Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
denticulatus, Newberry & Worthen, 1866,

Geo. Sur. III., vol. 2, Keokuk Gr.

[Sig. denticulated.]
elytra, Newberry & Worthen, 1866, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 2, Keokuk Gr. [Ety.

elytron, the wing covering as the elytra

of the beetle.]
gibbosus, Newberry & Worthen, 1866,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 2, Keokuk Gr. [Sig.

gibbous.]
Umax, Newberry & Worthen, 1866, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 2, Burlington Gr. [Sig.

a slug, dew-snail.]
nobilis, Newberry & Worthen, 1866, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 2, Keokuk Gr. [Sig.

noble, excellent.]
placenta, Newberry & Worthen, 1866,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 2, Kinderhook Gr.

[Sig. a cake.]
politus, Newberry & Worthen, 1866, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 2, Keokuk Gr. [Sig.

smooth.]
rngosus, Newberry & Worthen, 1866,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 4, Coal Meas. [Sig.

wrinkled.]
sulcatus, Newberry & Worthen, 1866,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 2, Keokuk Gr,

[Sig. furrowed.]
ldulati

undulatus, Newberry & Worthen, 1866,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 2, Keokuk Gr

[Sig. waved.]
Holoptychius, Agassiz, 1843, Recherches sur

les Poissons Fossiles. [Ety. holos,

entire ; ptyclie, a wrinkle.]
americanus, Leidy, 1856, Jour. Acad. Nat.

Sci., 2nd series, vol. 3, Catskill Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
nobilissimus, Agassiz, as identified by

Hall, 1843, Geo. Rep. 4th Dist. N. Y.,

is described as H. americanus.
taylori, Hall, 1843, (Sauripteris taylori)

Geo. Rep. 4th Dist. N. Y., Catskill

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Homacanthus, Agassiz, 1845, Mon. Pois. Foss.

Syst., Devonian.
gibbosus, see Amacanthus gibbosus.
rectus, see Marracanthus rectus.
Hybocladodus, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6. [Ety. hybos, a

hump ; Cladodus, a genus of fossil fish.]
compressus, Newberry & Worthen, 1866,

(Helodus compressus) Geo. Sur. 111.,

vol. 2, Burlington Gr. [Sig. com-
pressed.]
intermedius, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, Keokuk Gr.

[Sig. intermediate.]
nitidus, St. John & Worthen, 1875, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 6, Chester Gr. [Sig.

neat, pretty.]

plicatilus, St. John & Worthen, 1875r
Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, Burlington Gr.
[Sig. in small folds.]

tenuicostatus, St. John & Worthen, 1875,
Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, Keokuk Gr.
[Sig. finely lined.]
Lambdodus, St. John & Worthen, 1875, Geo.
Sur. 111., vol. 6. [Ety. Lambda, a
Greek letter; odous, a tooth.]

calceolus, St. John & Worthen, 1875, Geo,
Sur. 111., vol. 6, Burlington Gr. [Sig,
a sandal, a slipper.]

calceolus var. robustus, St. John & Wor-
then, 1866, Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, Keo
kuk Gr. [Sig. robust.]

costatus, St. John & Worthen, 1875, Geo

Burlington Gr. [Sig,

Sur. 111., vol

ribbed.]
hamulus, St. John & Worthen, 1875, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 6, Chester Gr. [Sig. a

small hook.]
reflexus, St. John & Worthen, 1875, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 6, Chester Gr. [Sig.

turned back.]
transversus, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, St. Louis Gr.

[Sig. crosswise.]
Lecbacanthus, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6. [Ety. lekroi, the

antlers of a stag ; akantha, a spine.]
unguiculus, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, St. Louis Gr. [Sig.

furnished with claw-like processes.]
Leiodus, St. John & Worthen, 1875, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 6. [Ety. lelos, smooth ;

odous, tooth.]
calcaratus, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, Burlington Gr.

[Sig. spurred, spur-shaped.]
calcaratus var. grossipunctatus, St. John

& Worthen, 1875, Geo. Sur. 111., vol.

6, Keokuk Gr. [Sig. thick-punctured.]
Leptacanthus, Agassiz, 1837, Poiss. Foss.,vol.3,

[Ety. leptos, slender; akantha, spine.]
occidentalis, see Acondylacanthus occi-

dentalis.
Leptophbactus, Cope, 1873, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci. Phil. [Ety. leptos, thin ; phraktos,

walled.]
obsoletus, Cope, 1873, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci. Phil., Coal Meas. [Sig. obsolete.]
Liognathus, Newberry, 1873, Ohio Pal., vol.

1. [Ety. lis, smooth; gnathos, the jaw.]
spatulatus, Newberry, 1873; Ohio Pal.,

vol. 1, Corniferous Gr. [Sig. spatulate,

blade-shaped.]
Lisgodus, St. John& Worthen, 1875,Geo. Sur.

111., vol. 6. [Ety. lisgos, a spade ; odous,

a tooth.]
curtus, St. John & Worthen, 1875, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 6, Burlington Gr. [Sig.

short.]
selluliformis, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, St. Louis Gr.

[Sig. like a little seat or stool.]
serratus, St. John & Worthen, 1875, Geo.

Sur. Ill, vol. 6, Burlington Gr. [Sig.

saw-edged.]

PISCES.

Listracanthus, Newberry & Worthen, 1870.

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 4. [Ety. listron, a

shovel ; akantha, a spine.]
hildrethi, Newberry, 1875, Ohio Pal., vol.

2, Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
hystrix, Newberry & Worthen, 1870, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 4, Burlington Gr. [Sig.

covered or beset with spines.]
Lopliodm, Newberry & Worthen, 1870, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 4. This name was pre-
occupied by Romanowsky in 1864.
variabilis, see Agassizodus variabilis.
Mach^racanthus, Newberry, 1853, Annals

of Science, vol. 1, and 1857, Bull. Nat.

Inst. [Ety. machaira, a sabre ; akan-
tha, a spine.]
major, Newberry, 1857, Bull. Nat. Inst.,

Corniferous Gr. [Sig. greater.]
peracutus, Newberry, 1857, Bull. Nat.

Inst., Corniferous Gr. [Sig. very

sharp-pointed.]
sulcatus, Newberry, 1857, Bull. Nat. Inst.,

Corniferous Gr. [Sig. furrowed.]
Macropktalichthys, Norwood & Owen,

1846, Am. Jour. Sci., 2d ser., vol. 1.

[Ety. makros, large ; petalos, expanded

or spread out ; icMhys, a fish.]
manni, Newberry, 1853, (Agassichthys

manni) Annals of Science, vol. 1, and

1857, Bull. Nat. Inst., Corniferous Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
rapheidolabis, Norwood & Owen, 1846,

Am. Jour. Sci., 2d ser., vol. 1, Up.

Held. Gr. [Ety. raphis, a needle ;

eidos, form ; labis, forceps.]
sullivanti, Newberry, 1857, (Agassichthys

sullivanti) Bull.Nat. Inst., Corniferous

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Marracanthus, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6. [Ety. marron, a

spade ; akantha, a spine. ]
rectus, Newberry & Worthen, 1866, (Ho-

macanthus (?) rectus) Geo. Sur. 111.,

vol. 2, St. Louis Gr. [Sig. straight.]
Mkcolepis, Newberry, 1857, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci., vol. 8. [Ety. mekos, large ; lepis,

a scale.]
corrugata, Newberry, 1857, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci., vol. 8, Coal Meas. [Sig.

wrinkled.]
granulata, Newberry, 1857, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci., vol. 8, Coal Meas. [Sig.

granulated.]
insculpta, Newberry, 1857, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci., vol. 8, Coal Meas. [Sig. en-
graved.]
lineata, Newberry, 1857, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci., vol. 8, Coal Meas. [Sig.

lined.]
ornatissima, Newberry, 1857, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci., vol. 8, Coal Meas. [Sig.

highly ornamented.]
ovoidea, Newberry, 1857, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci., vol. 8, Coal Meas. [Sig.

ovoidal.]
serrata, Newberry, 1857, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci., vol. 8, Coal Meas. [Sig.

serrated.]

tuberculata, Newberry, 1857, Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci., vol. 8, Coal Meas. [Sig.
tuberculated.]
Mesodmodus, St. John & Worthen, 1875,
Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6. [Ety. mesodme,
something between; odous, a tooth.]

explanatus, St. John & Worthen, 1875,
Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, Kinderhook Gr.
[Sig. spread out.]

exculptus, St. John & Worthen, 1875,
Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, Kinderhook Gr.
[Sig. deeply sculptured.]

ornatus, St. John & Worthen, 1875, Geo.
Sur. 111., vol. 6, Burlington Gr. [Sig.
ornamented.]
Onchus, Agassiz, 1837, Recherches sur les
Poissons Fossiles. [Ety. onchos, bent
or hooked like a talon or arrow-barb.]

deweyi, see Ceratiocaris deweyi.
Onychodus, Newberry, 1853, Annals of Sci-
ence, vol. 1, and 1857, Bull. Nat. Inst.
[Ety. onyx, a claw ; odous, tooth.]

hopkinsi, Newberry, 1853, Annals of Sci-
ence, vol. 1, and 1857, Bull. Nat. Inst.,
Corniferous Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

sigmoides, Newberry, 1853,Annals of Sci-
ence, vol. 1, and 1857, Bull. Nat. Inst.,
Corniferous Gr. [Sig. like the letter
Sigma.}
Oracanthus, Agassiz, 1837, Recherches sur
les Poissons Fossiles. [Ety. oraios,
beautiful; akantha, spine.]

abbreviatus, Newberry, 1853, Annals of
Science, vol. 1, Corniferous Gr. [Sig.
abbreviated.]

consimilis, St. John & Worthen, 1875,
Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, St. Louis Gr.
[Sig. wholly similar.]

(?) obliquus, St. John & Worthen, 1875,
Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, Keokuk Gr.
[Sig. oblique.]

pnigeus, Newberrv & Worthen, 1866, Geo.
Sur. 111., voh 2, Keokuk Gr. This
species is made the type of the genus
Pnigeacanthus, see P. deltoides.

vetustus, Leidy, 1856, Jour. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phil., 2d ser., vol. 3, Low. Carb.
[Sig. ancient.]

fragilis, Newberry, 1853, Annals of Sci-
ence, vol. 1, Corniferous Gr. [Sig.
frail, easily broken.]

granulatus, Newberry, 1853, Annals of
Science, vol. 1, Corniferous Gr. [Sig.
granulated.]

multiseriatus, Newberry, 1853, Annals of
Sci., vol. 1, Corniferous Gr. [Sig. in
many series.]
Orodus, Agassiz, 1838, Recherches sur les
Poissons Fossiles. [Ety. oraios, beau-
tiful; odous, tooth.]

alleni, St. John & Worthen, 1875, Geo.
Sur. 111., vol. 6, Coal Meas. [Ety.
proper name.]

carinatus, St. John & Worthen, 1875,
Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, Keokuk Gr.
[Sig. keeled.]

corrugatus, see Agassizodus corrugatus.

PISCES.

dffidaleus, St. John & Worthen, 1875, Geo,

Sur. 111. , vol. 6, Kinderhook Gr. [Ety,

mythological name.]
decussatus, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, Kinderhook Gr.

[Sig. arranged in pairs that alternately

cross each other.]
elegantulus, Newberry & Worthen, 1866,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 2, Burlington Gr.

[Sig. very elegant.]
fastigiatus, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, Burlington Gr.

[Sig. pointed.]
major, St. John & Worthen, 1875,Geo. Sur.

111., vol. 6, Burlington Gr. [Sig. large.]
mammillaris, Newberry & Worthen, 1866,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 2, Keokuk Gr.

[Sig. pap-shaped.]
minusculus, see Desmiodus minusculus.
minutus, Newberry & Worthen, 1866,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 2, Keokuk Gr.

[Sig. very small.]
multicarinatus, Newberry & Worthen,

1866, Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 2, Kinderhook

Gr. [Sig. many-keeled.]
neglectus, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, St. Louis Gr.

[Sig. overlooked.]
ornatus, Newberry & Worthen, 1866, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 2, Keokuk Gr. [Sig.

ornamented.]
parallelus, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, Kinderhook Gr.

[Sig. parallel.]
parvulus, St. John & Worthen, 1875, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 6, St. Louis Gr. [Sig.

very small.]
plicatus, Newberry & Worthen, 1866, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 2, St. Louis Gr. [Sig

folded.]
tuberculatus, Newberry & Worthen, 1866,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 2, Burlington Gr.

[Sig. tuberculated.]
turgidus, St. John & Worthen, 1875, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 6, Chester Gr. [Sig.

turgid, swollen out.]
variabilis, Newberry, 1875, Ohio Pal., vol.

2, Waverly Gr. [Sig. variable.]
variocostatus, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, Burlington Gr.

[Sig. variably ribbed.]
whitei, St. John & Worthen, 1875, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 6, Kinderhook Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
Orthacanthus, Agassiz, 1843, Poiss. Foss.,

vol. 3. [Ety. orthos, straight ; akantha,

spine.]
arcuatus, Newberry, 1857, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci. Phil., Coal Meas. [Sig.

bent, bow-shaped.]
gracilis, Newberry, 1875, Ohio Pal., vol.

2, Coal Meas. [Sig. slender.]
PALiEONiscus, Agassiz, 1833, Recherches sur

les Poissons Fossiles. [Ety. palaios,

ancient; oniscus, a wood louse.]
alberti, Jackson, 1851, Rep. on the Albert

Coal Mine, New Brunswick, Coal

Meas. [Ety. proper name.]

brainardi, Thomas, 1853, Bost. Soc. Nat.

Hist., vol. 4, Ohio Pal., vol. 1, Berea

grit. [Ety. proper name.]
browni, Jackson, 1851, Rep. on Albert

Coal Mine, Coal Meas. [Ety. proper

name.]
cairnesi, Jackson, 1851, Rep. on Albert

Coal Mine, New Brunswick, Coal

Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
gracilis, Newberry & Worthen, 1870, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 4, Coal Meas. [Sig.

slender.]
leidyanus, Lea, 1852, Jour. Acad. Nat.

Sci., 2d series, vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Ety.

proper name.]
peltigerus, Newberry, 1857, (Elonichthys

peltigerus) Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol.

8, Coal Meas. [Sig. bearing a small

shield.]
scutigerus, Newberry, 1857, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci. Phil., Coal Meas. [Sig.

shield-bearing. ]
Peltodus, Newberry & Worthen, 1870, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 4. [Ety. pelte, a half-
moon shield ; odous, a tooth.]
plicomphalus, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, Chester Gr. [Sig.

folded in the middle.]
quadratus, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, St. Louis Gr.

[Sig. square-shaped.]
transversus, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, Coal Meas. [Sig.

crosswise.]
unguiformis, Newberry & Worthen, 1870,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 4, Coal Meas. [Sig.

claw-shaped.]
Peploehina, Cope, 1873, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci. Phil. [Ety. peplos, a robe ; Rhine,

a kind of dog-fish.]
anthracina, Cope, 1873, Proc. Acad. Nat,

Sci. Phil., Coal Meas. [Ety. anthrax,

coal.] Prof. Newberry says this species

is an amphibian and not a fish.
Periplectrodus, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6. [Ety. peri, near

by; Plectrodw, a genus of fish.]
compressus, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, St. Louis Gr.

[Sig. compressed.]
expansus, St. John & Worthen, 1875, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 6, Chester Gr. [Sig.

expanded.]
warreni, St. John & Worthen, 1875, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 6, Burlington Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
Petalodus, Owen, 1840, Odontography.

[Ety. petalos, spread out; odous, a

tooth.]
alleghaniensis, Leidy, 1856, Jour. Acad.

Nat. Sci., 2nd series, vol. 3, Coal Meas.

[Ety. proper name.]
curtus, Newberry & Worthen, 1866, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 6, Keokuk Gr. [Sig.

short.]
destructor, Newberry & Worthen, 1866,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig.

a destroyer.]

PISCES.

237

hybridus, St. John & Worthen, 1875,
Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, St. Louis Gr.
[Sig. hybrid; intermediate between
two species.]

linguifer, Newberry & Worthen, 1856,
Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 2, Chester Gr. [Sig.
tongue-bearing.]

parvulus, Newberry & Worthen, Carbon-
iferous. [Sig. very small.]

politus, Newberry & Worthen, Carbon-
iferous. [Sig. smooth.]

sulcatus, Newberry & Worthen, Carbon-
iferous. [Sig. furrowed.]

proximus, St. John & Worthen, 1875,
Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, Coal Meas. [Sig.
approaching, near to.]
Petalorhynchus, Agassiz, 1855, in British

Pal. Rocks. [Ety. petalos, spread out;

rhynclws, a beak.j
distortus, St. John & Worthen, 1875, Geo.

Sur. HI., vol. 6, St. Louis Gr. [Sig.

distorted, twisted.]
pseudosagittatus, St. John & Worthen,

1875, Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, St. Louis

Gr. [Sig. false sagittatw, a species of

Petalorhynchus. ]
spatulatus, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, St. Louis Gr.

[Sig. spatulate, blade-shaped.]
striatus, Newberry & Worthen, 1866, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 2, Burlington Gr. [Sig.

striated.]
Pktbodus, McCoy, 1848, Ann. & Mag. Nat.

Hist., 2d series, vol. 2. [Ety. petros, a

rock ; odous, a tooth.]
acutus, Newberry & Worthen, 1866, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig.

sharp-pointed.]
occidentalis, Newberry & Worthen, 1866,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig.

western.]
pustulosus, Newberry & Worthen, 1870,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol" 4, Burlington Gr.

[Sig. covered with pustules.]
Phcebodus, St. John & Worthen, 1875, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 6. [Ety. mythological

name; odous, a tooth.]
sophise, St. John & Worthen, 1875, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 6, Devonian. [Ety.

proper name.]
Physonemus, Agassiz, 1843, Recherches sur

les Poissons Fossiles. [Ety. physa, a

bladder ; nema, a thread.]
altonensis, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, St. Louis Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
carinatus, St. John & Worthen, 1875, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 6, Kinderhook Gr. [Sig.

keeled.]
chesterensis, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, Chester Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
depressus, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, Kinderhook Gr.

[Sig. depressed.]
gigas, Newberry & Worthen, 1870, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 4, Burlington Gr. [Sig.

large.]

parvulus, St. John & Worthen, 1875, Geo

Sur. 111., vol. 6, Keokuk Gr. [Sig!

very small.]
proclivis, St. John & Worthen, 1875, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 6, Kinderhook Gr. [Sig.

sloping, going downward.]
Platyodus, Newberry, 1875, Ohio Pal., vol.

2. [Ety. platys, broad ; odous, a tooth.]
lineatus, Newberry, 1875, Ohio Pal., vol.

2, Waverly Gr. [Sig. lined.]
Platysomus, Agassiz, 1833, Recherches sur

les Poissons Fossiles. [Ety. platys,

broad ; soma, body.]
circularis, Newberry & Worthen, 1870,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 4, Coal Meas. [Sig.

circular.]
Plevracanthus, Agassiz, 1837, Poiss. Foss.,

vol. 3. [Ety. pleura, side ; akantha,

spine.]
arcuatus, Newberry, 1857, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci., vol. 8, Coal Meas. [Sig. bent.]
biserialis, Newberry, 1857, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci., vol. 8, Coal Meas. [Sig.

having two series.]
dilatatus, Newberry, 1857, Proc. Acad.Nat.v

Sci., vol. 8, Coal Meas. [Sig. dilated.]
Pnigeacanthus, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6. [Ety. from the

specific name in Oracanthus pnigeus ;

akantha, a spine.]
deltoides, St. John & Worthen, 1875, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 6, Keokuk Gr. [Sig.

like the Greek letter Delta.] But why

should this species not be Pnigeacan-
thus pnigeus f
Pcscilodus, Agassiz, 1843, Recherches Poiss.

Foss., vol. 3. [Ety. poikilos, variegated ;

odous, tooth.]
convolutus, Newberry & Worthen, 1870,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 4, Keokuk Gr.

[Sig. rolled together.]
ornatus, Newberry & Worthen, 1866,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 2, Keokuk Gr.

[Sig. ornamented.]
rugosus, Newberry & Worthen, 1866,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 2, Keokuk Gr.

[Sig. wrinkled.]
Polyrhizodus, McCoy, 1848, Ann. & Mag.

Nat. Hist., 2nd series, vol. 2. [Ety.

polys, many ; rhiza, root ; odous, tooth.]
amplus, St. John & Worthen, 1875, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 6, St. Louis Gr. [Sig.

full-sized.]
carbonarius, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, Coal Meas. [Sig.

pertaining to coal.]
dentatus, Newberry & Worthen, 1866,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 2, Chester Gr. [Sig.

toothed.]
littoni, Newberry & Worthen, 1870, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 4, St. Louis Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
modestus, Newberry, 1875, Ohio Pal.,

vol. 2, Cleveland shale. [Sig. mode-
rate.]
nanus, St. John & Worthen, 1875, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 6, Keokuk Gr. [Sig.

dwarfish.]

\

PISCES.

piasaensis, St. John & Worthen, 1875,
Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, Chester Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]
ponticulus, Newberry & Worthen, 1866,
Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 2, Chester Gr. [Sig.
a little bridge.]
porosus, Newberry & Worthen, 1866,Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 2, Burlington Gr. [Sig.

full of pores, porous.]
truncatus, Newberry & Worthen, 1870,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 4, Burlington Gr.

[Sig. truncated, cut off.]
williamsi, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, Keokuk Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
Pristicladodus, McCoy, 1855, British Pal.

Rocks. [Ety. from the two genera

Pristis and Cladodus.']
springeri, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, Kinderhook Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
Pristodus, Agassiz. [Ety. pristis, a saw ;

odious, a tooth.]
acuminatus, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, Kinderhook Gr.

[Sig. sharp-pointed.]
Psammodus, Agassiz, 1838, Recherches sur

les Poissons Fossiles. [Ety. psammos,

sand ; odous, tooth.]
angularis, Newberry & Worthen, 1866,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 2, Chester Gr. [Sig.

angular.]
antiquus, Newberry, 1853, Annals of

Science, vol. 1, and 1857, Bull. Nat.

Inst., Corniferous Gr. [Sig. ancient.]
porosus, Agassiz, 1838, Recherch. Poiss.

Foss., Chester Gr. [Sig. full of pores. ]
reticulatus, Newberry & Worthen, 1866,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 2, Chester Gr. [Sig.

reticulated, net work.]
rhomboideus, Newberry & Worthen, 1866,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 2, Keokuk Gr. [Sig.

like a rhomb, lozenge-shaped.]
rugosus, Agassiz, 1838, Recherch. Poiss.

Foss., St. Louis Gr. [Sig. wrinkled.]
semicylindricus, Newberry & Worthen,

1866, Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 2, Keokuk

Gr. [Sig. half cylindrical.]
Psephodus, Agassiz. [Ety. psepkos, a peb-
ble; odous, a tooth.]
reticulatus, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, Kinderhook Gr.

[Sig. reticulated, like net work.]
Ptkrichthys, Miller, 1840, in British Rep.

[Ety. pteron, a fin ; ichthys, a fish.]
norwoodensis, Owen, 1846, Am. Jour.

Sci., 2nd series, vol. 1, "Op. Held. Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
Ptyctodus, Pander, Uber die Ctenodipteri-

nen des Devonischens Systems. [Ety.

ptyktos, folded ; odous, a tooth.]
calceolus, Newberry & Worthen, 1866,

(Rinodus calceolus) Geo. Sur. 111.,

vol. 2, Ham. Gr. [Sig. a sandal or

slipper.]

Pygopterus, Agassiz, 1833, Poiss. Foss., vol.

2. [Ety. pyge, rump ; pteron, a fin.]
scutellatus, Newberry, 1857, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci., vol. 8, Coal Meas. [Sig.

shielded.]
Rhizoous, Owen, 1840, Odontography. [Ety.

rhiza, a root ; odous, a tooth.]
angustus, Newberry, 1857, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci. Phil., vol. 8, Coal Meas. [Sig.

narrow.]
hardingi, Dawson, 1868, Acad. Geol.,

Carboniferous. [Ety. proper name.]
incurvus, ^-Newberry, 1857, Proc, Acad.

Nat. Sci., vol. 8, Coal Meas. [Sig. in-
curved.]
lancifer, Newberry, 1857, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci. Phil., vol. 8, Coal Meas. [Sig.

bearing a lance.]
occidentalis, Newberry & Worthen, 1866,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig.

western.]
quadratus, Newberry, 1873, Ohio Pal.,

vol. 1, Coal Meas. [Sig. square-shaped.]
reticulatus, Newberry & Worthen, 1870,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 4, Coal Meas. [Sig.

reticulated, net-work.]
Rhynchodus, Newberry, 1873, Ohio Pal., vol.

1. [Ety. rhynchos, a beak; odous, a

tooth.]
crassus, Newberry, 1873, Ohio Pal., vol.

1, Corniferous Gr. [Sig. thick.]
frangens, Newberry, 1873, Ohio Pal., vol.

1, Corniferous Gr. [Sig. broken.]
secans, Newberry, 1873, Ohio Pal., vol. 1,

Corniferous Gr. [Sig. divided up.]
Rinodus, syn. for Ptyctodus.

calceolus, see Ptyctodus calceolus.
Sandalodus, Newberry & Worthen, 1866,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 2. [Ety. sandalon,

a sandal ; odous, a tooth.]
angustus, Newberry & Worthen, 1866,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 2, Keokuk Gr. [Sig.

narrow.]
carbonarius, Newberry & Worthen, 1866,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig

pertaining to coal.]
crassus, Newberry & Worthen, 1870, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 4, St. Louis Gr. [Sig.

thick.]
grandis, Newberry & Worthen, 1866, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 2, Keokuk Gr. [Sig.

large.]
laevissimus, Newberry & Worthen, 1866,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 2, Keokuk Gr. [Sig.

very smooth.]
parvulus, Newberry & Worthen, 1866,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 2, St. Louis Gr. [Sig.

very small.]
spatulatus, Newberry & Worthen, 1866,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 2, St. Louis Gr. [Sig.

spatulate, blade-shaped.]
SauHpteris, Hall, 1843, Geo. Rep. 4th Dist.

N. Y. [Ety. sauros, a lizard ; pteron,

a wing.]
taylori, see Holoptychius taylori.

PISCES.

Stemmatodus, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6. [Ety. stemmatos,

a wreath ; odous, a tooth.]
bicristatus, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, Burlington Gr.

[Sig. double-peaked.]
bifurcatus, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, Burlington Gr.

[Sig. forked.]
cheiriformis, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6. Burlington Gr.

[Sig. like a hand.]
compactus, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, Chester Gr. [Sig.

compact.]
keokuk, St. John & Worthen, 1875, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 6, Keokuk Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
simplex, St. John & Worthen, 1875, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 6, Burlington Gr. [Sig.

simple.]
symmetricus, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, Burlington Gr.

[Sig. symmetrical.]
Stenacanthus, Leidy, 1857, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci., vol. 8. [Ety. stems, nar-
row; akantha, a spine.]
nitidus, Leidy, 1857, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci., vol. 8, Devonian. [Sig. neat,

smooth.]
Tanaodus, St. John & Worthen, 1875, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 6. [Ety. tanaos, long;

odous, a tooth.]
angularis, Newberry & Worthen, 1866,

(Chomatodus angularis) Geo. Sur. III.,

vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. angulated.]
bellicinctus, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, Chester Gr. [Sig.

beautifully banded.]
depressus, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, Chester Gr. [Sig.

depressed.]
gracillimus, Newberry & Worthen, 1866,

(Chomatodus gracillimus) Geo. Sur.

111., vol. 6, Burlington Gr. [Sig. very

slender.]
grossiplicatus, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, Chester Gr. [Sig.

thick-folded.]
multiplicatus, Newberry & Worthen,

1866, (Chomatodus multiplicatus) Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 2, Burlington Gr. [Sig.

many folded.]
obscurus, Leidy, 1856, (Chomatodus ob-

scurus) Trans. Am. Phil. Soc, vol. 11,

Keokuk Gr. [Sig. obscure.]
polymorphus, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, Chester Gr. [Sig.

many formed.]
praenuntius, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, St. Louis Gr.

[Sig. forboding.]
pumilus, St. John & Worthen, 1875, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 6, St. Louis Gr. [Sig. a

dwarf.]
sculptus, St. John & Worthen, 1875, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 6, St. Louis Gr. [Sig.

engraved, sculptured.]

sublunatus, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, St. Louis Gr.

[Sig. somewhat lunate.]
Thbinacodus, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6. [Ety. thrinakos,

three-pronged ; odous, a tooth.]
nanus, St. John & Worthen, 1875, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 6, Kinderhook Gr. [Sig.

dwarfish.]
duplicatus, Newberry & Worthen, 1866,

(Diplodus duplicatus) Geo. Sur. 111.,

vol. 2, Keokuk Gr. [Sig. folded in

two.]
incurvus, Newberry & Worthen, 1866,

(Diplodus incurvus) Geo. Sur. 111.,

vol. 2, Keokuk Gr. [Sig. incurved.]
Tbigonodus, Newberry & Worthen, 1866,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 2. [Ety. trigonos,

three-cornered ; odous, tooth.]
major, Newberry & Worthen, 1866, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 2, Burlington Gr. [Sig.

large.]
minor, Newberry & Worthen, 1866, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 2, Keokuk Gr. [Sig.

small.]
Venustodus, St. John & Worthen, 1875, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 6. [Ety. venustus, beau-
tiful ; odous, tooth.]
argutus, St. John & Worthen, 1875, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 6, Chester Gr. [Sig.

pretty.]
kidyi, St. John & Worthen, 1875, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 6, St. Louis Gr. This

name is a syn. for V. venustus.
robustus, St. John & Worthen, 1875, Geo.

Sur. 111., vol. 6, Burlington Gr. [Sig.

robust.]
tenuicristatus, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, Keokuk Gr. [Sig.

slender-peaked.]
variabilis, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, Burlington Gr.

[Sig. variable.]
venustus, Leidy, 1856, (Chomatodus ve-
nustus) Trans.Am. Phil. Soc. Phil., vol.

11, St. Louis Gr. [Sig. beautiful.]
Xystkacanthus, Leidy, 1859, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci. Phil. [Ety. xystra, a tool

for scraping; akantha, a spine.]
acinaciformis, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, Coal Meas. [Sig.

scimitar-shaped.]
anceps, Newberry & Worthen, 1866,

(Drepanacanthus anceps) Geo. Sur.

111., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. doubtful.]
arcuatus, Leidy, 1859, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci. Phil., Up. Coal Meas. [Sig. bent,

bow-shaped.]
mirabilis, St. John & Worthen, 1875,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 6, Coal Meas. [Sig.

wonderful.]
Xystrodus, Agassiz. [Ety. xystra, an instru-
ment for scraping ; odous, tooth.]
occidentalis, St. John, Coal Meas. [Sig.

western.] ■ -

CLASS EEPTILIA.

SUB-CLASS BATKACHIA,

FAMILY COLOSTEID^E.— Amphibamus, Colosteus, Sauropleura.

FAMILY MOLGOPHID.E.— Molgophis, Pleuroptyx.

FAMILY PHLEGETHONTIIDiE.— Phlegethontia.

FAMILY PTYONIID.E.— Hyphasma, Oestocephalus, Ptyonius.

FAMILY TUDITANIDiE.— Brachydectes, Ceraterpeton, Dendrerpeton, Eurythorax,

Hylerpeton, Hylonomus, Leptophractus, Pelion, Tuditanus.
ORDER PROTEIDA.— Cocytinus, Thyrsidium.
INCERTJS SEDIS. — Baphetes, Cheirotherium, Clepsysaurus, Collettosaurus, Eosaurus,

Ornithichnites, Sauropus, Spheropezium, Thenaropus.

Amphibamus, Cope, 1865, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phil. [Ety. amphi, both; bama,
a step; from its two modes of pro-
gressing— swimming and walking.]

grandiceps, Cope, 1865, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phil., Coal Meas. [Sig. big-
headed.]
Baphetes, Owen, 1853, Jour. Geo. Soc.
London, vol. 9. [Ety. bapto, I dip or
dive — a diving animal.]

minor, Dawson, 1870, Can. Nat. & Geol.,
Coal Meas. [Sig. less.]

planiceps, Owen, 1853, Jour. Geo. Soc.
London, vol. 9, Coal Meas. [Ety.
flat-headed.]
Bkachydectes, Cope, 1868, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phil. [Ety. brachys, short ; dekles,
a biter.]

newberryi, Cope, 1868, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
Ceraterpeton, Huxley. [Ety. keras, horn ;
erpeton, reptile.]

punctolineatum, Cope, 1875,OhioPal.,vol.
2, Coal Meas. [Sig. puncture-lined.]

tenuicorne, Cope, 1875, Ohio Pal., vol. 2,
Coal Meas. [Sig. slender-horned.]
Cheirotherium, Kaup, 1835, in Leonhard
und Bronn, Neues Jahrbuch fur Min-
eralogie. [Ety. cheir, the hand ;
therion, beast.]

reiteri, Moore, 1863, Am. Jour. Sci. &
Arts, 3rd ser., vol. 5, Coal Meas. [Ety.
proper name.]

Clepsysaurus, Lea, 1852, Jour. Acad. Nat.
Sci., vol. 2. [Ety. klepsydra, a sand-
glass ; saurm, a lizard ; from the com-
pression laterally of the vertebra?
towards the center.]

peiinsylvanicus, Lea, 1852, Jour. Acad.
Nat. Sci., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Ety.
proper name.]
Cocytinus, Cope, 1871, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc.
[Ety. kokytos, mythological name.]

gyrinoides, Cope, 1874, Trans. Am. Phil.

Soc, Coal Meas. [Sig. like a tadpole.]

Collettosaurus, Cox, 1873, Geo. Sur. Ind.

[Ety. proper name; sauras, a lizard.]

indianensis, Cox, 1873, Geo. Sur. Ind.,
Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
Colosteus, Cope, 1869. Trans. Am. Phil.
Soc. [Ety. kolos, short; osteon, a bone.]

crassiculatus, syn. for C. scutellatus.

foveatus, 1869, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc,
Coal Meas. [Sig. pitted.]

marshi, see Ptyonius marshi.

pauciradiatus, Cope, 1874,Trans. Am.Phil.
Soc, Coal Meas. [Sig. few-lined.]

scutellatus, Newberry, 1856, (Pygopterus
scutellatus) Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil.,
Coal Meas. [Sig. having a shield.]
Dendrerpeton, Owen, 1853, Quar. Jour.
Geo. Soc, vol. 9. [Ety. dendron, a
tree ; erpeton, a lizard ; from the pe-
culiar circumstances under which the
fossil reptile was found.]

REPTILIA.

241

acadianum, Owen, 1853, Quar. Jour. Geo.
Soc, vol. 9, Coal Meas. [Ety. from
Acadia, the ancient name of Nova
Scotia.]
oweni, Dawson, 1863, Quar. Jour. Geo.
Soc, vol. 19, -Coal Meas. [Ety. proper
name.]
Eosaukus, Marsh, 1862, Can. Nat. & Geo.,
vol. 7. [Ety. eos, the dawn ; gauros,
a lizard.]
acadianus, Marsh, 1862, Can. Nat. & Geo.,
vol. 7, Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
Eurythorax, Cope, 1875, Ohio Pal., vol. 2.
[Y,ty. curi/s, broad; thorax, the breast.]
subkevis, Cope, 1871, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc,
Coal Meas. [Sig. somewhat smooth.]
Hylerpeton, Owen, 1862, Quar. Jour. Geo.
Soc, vol. 18. [Ety. hyle, wood ; erpekm,
reptile.]
curtidentatum, Dawson, 1876, Am. Jour.
Sci. & Arts, vol. 12, Coal Meas. [Sig.
short-toothed.]
dawsoni, Owen, 1862, Quar. Jour. Geo.
Soc, vol. 18, Coal Meas. [Ety. proper
name.]
longidentatum, Dawson, 1876, Am. Jour.
Sci. & Arts, vol. 12, Coal Meas. [Sig.
long-toothed.]
Hylonomus, Dawson, 1860, Quar. Jour. Geo.
Soc, vol. 16. [Ety. hyle, wood; nomos,
an abode ; forest dweller.]
aciedentatus, Dawson, 1860, Quar. Jour.
Geo. Soc, vol. 16, Coal Meas. [Sig.
needle-toothed, sharp-toothed.]
lyelli, Dawson, 1860, Quar. Jour. Geo.
Soc, vol. 16, Coal Meas. [Ety. proper
name.]
hymani, Dawson, 1860, Quar. Jour. Geo.
" Soc, vol. 16, Coal Meas. [Ety. proper
name.]
Hyphasma, Cope, 1875, Proc Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phil. [Ety. hyphasma, a web.]
laevis, Cope, 1875, Ohio Pal., vol. 2, Coal
Meas. [Sig. smooth.]
Leptophractus, Cope, 1873, Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci. Phil. [Ety. teptos, stripped ;
pliraktos, defence.]
obsoletus, Cope, 1873, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phil., Coal Meas. [Sig. obsolete.]
Molgophis, Cope, 1868, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. [Ety. molgos, a skin; aphis, a
serpent.]
brevicostatus, Cope, 1875, Ohio Pal., vol.

2, Coal Meas. [Sig. short-ribbed.]
macrurus, Cope, 1868, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci., Coal Meas. [Sig. long-tailed.]
wheatleyi, Cope, 1874, Trans. Am. Phil.
Soc, Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
Oestocephalus, Cope, 1868, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phil. [Ety. oistos, an arrow ;
kephale, the head.]
amphiuminus, Cope, 1868, Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci., Coal Meas. [Ety. from re
semblance to Amphiuma.]
pectinatus, see Ptyonius pectinatus.
rectidens, Cope, 1874, Trans. Am. Phil
Soc, Coal Meas. [Sig. straight
toothed.]

remex, Cope, 1868, (Sauropleura remex)
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Coal Meas. [Sig.
an oarsman, a rower.]
rinchdlanns, see Ptyonius vinchellanus.
Ornithiciinites, Hitchcock, 1832, Am. Jour.
Sci. & Arts. [Ety. . omithos, a bird ;
ichnos, a foot step.]
culbertsoni, King, 1845, Am. Jour. Sci.,
vol.48,Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
gallinuloides, King, 1845, Am. Jour. Sci.,
vol. 48, Coal Meas. [Sig. similar to a
pullet.]
Pelion, Wynian, 1868, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Phil. [Ety. proper name.]
lyelli, Wyman, 1858, (Baniceps lyelli)
Am. Jour. Sci. & Arts, Coal Meas.
[Ety. proper name.]
Phlegethontia, Cope, 1871, Proc Am. Phil.
Soc. [Ety. phlegetho, to scorch, to
burn.]
linearis, Cope, 1874, Trans. Am. Phil.

Soc, Coal Meas. [Sig. lined.]
serpens, Cope, 1874, Trans. Am. Phil.
Soc, Coal Meas. [Sig. a serpent.]
Pleuroptyx, Cope, 1875, Ohio Pal., vol. 2.
[Ety. pleura, a rib; ptyx, a fold, a wing.]
clavatus, Cope, 1875, Ohio Pal., vol. 2,
Coal Meas. [Sig. club-shaped.]
Ptyonius, Cope, 1874, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc
[Ety. ptyon, a fan.]
marshi, Cope, 1875, (Colosteus marshii)
Ohio Pal., vol. 2, Coal Meas. * [Ety.
proper name.]
nummifer, Cope, 1875, Ohio Pal., vol. 2,

Coal Meas. [Sig. coin-bearing.]
pectinatus, Cope, 1868, (Sauropleura pec-
tinata) Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Coal
Meas. [Sig. pectinated, toothed like
a comb.]
serrula, Cope, 1874, Trans. Am. Phil.

Soc, Coal Meas. [Sig. a saw.]
vinchellanus, Cope, 1871, {Oestocephalus
vinchellanus) Proc. Am. Phil. Soc,
Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
Pygopterus, Agassiz, 1833, Recherch. Poiss.
Foss.
scutellatus, see Colosteus scutellatus.
lianice])s, Wyman, 1858, Am. Jour. Sci. &
Arts. [Sig. frog-headed.] Name was
preoccupied.
lyellii, see Pelion lyelli.
Sauropleura, Cope, 1868, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phil. [Ety. sauros, a lizard ; pleura,
a rib.]
digitata, Cope, 1868, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Phil., Coal Meas. [Sig. having fingers
or toes.]
newberryi, Cope, 1875, Ohio Pal., vol. 2,

Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
pectinata, see Ptyonius pectinatus.
remex, Cope, 1868, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
Coal Meas. [Sig. a rower.]
Sauropus, Lea, 1849, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc,
vol. 10. [Ety. sauros, a lizard; pons,
a foot.]
primsevus, Lea, 1849, Trans. Am. Phil.
Soc, vol. 10, Coal Meas. [Sig. first.]

242

REPTILIA.

sydenensis, Dawson, 1868, Acad. Geol.,
Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]

unguifer, Dawson, 1872, Geo. Mag., vol.
9, Coal Meas. [Sig. claw-bearing;
from the peculiar appendages to the
hind foot.]
Spheropezium, King, 1845, Am. Jour. Sci.,
vol. 48. [Ety. sphaira, sphere ; pezia,
sole of the foot.]

leptodactylum, King, 1845, Am. Jour.
Sci., vol. 48, Coal Meas. [Sig. slender-
fingered or slender-toed.]

ovoidactylum, King, 1845, Am. Jour. Sci.,
vol. 48, Coal Meas. [Sig. having egg-
shaped toes.]

pachydactvlum, King, 1845, Am. Jour.
Sci., vol. 48, Coal Meas. [Sig. thick-
toed.]

thserodactylum, King, 1845, Am. Jour.
Sci., vol. 48, Coal Meas. [Sig. hinge-
toed.)
Thenaropus, King, 1846, Am. Jour. Sci., vol.
48. [Ety. thenaros, palm of the hand ;
pous, foot.]

heterodactvlus, King, 1845, Am. Jour.
Sci., vol. 48, Coal Meas. [Sig. irreg-
ular-toed.]

leptodactylus, King, 1846, Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig.
slender-toed.]

ovoidactylus, King, 1846, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci., vol. 48, Coal Meas. [Sig.

ovoid-toed.]
pachydactvlus, King, 1846, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci., vol. 48, Coal Meas. [Sig.

thick-toed.]
sphserodactylus, King, 1846, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci., vol. 48, Coal Meas. [Sig.

spherical-toed.]
Thyrsidium, Cope, 1875, Ohio Pal., vol. 2.

[Ety. thyrsos, light shaft.]
fasciculare, Cope, 1875, Ohio Pal., vol. 2,

Coal Meas. [Sig. a small bundle.]
Tuditanus, Cope, 1871, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc.

[Ety. proper name.]
brevirostris, Cope, 1874, Trans. Am. Phil.

Soc, Coal Meas. [Sig. short-beaked.]
huxleyi, Cope, 1874, Trans. Am. Phil.

Soc., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
longipes, Cope, 1874, (Sauropleura lon-

gipes) Trans. Am. Phil. Soc, Coal

Meas. [Sig. long-footed.]
mordax, Cope, 1875, Ohio Pal., vol. 2,

Coal Meas. [Sig. given to biting.]
obtusus, Cope, 1868, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci. Phil., Coal Meas. [Sig. obtuse.]
punctulatus, Cope, 1874, Trans. Am.

Phil. Soc, Coal Meas. [Sig. well

punctured.]
radiatus, Cope, 1874, Trans. Am. Phil.

Soc, Coal Meas. [Sig. radiating from

a point.]

ADDENDA

Prof. James Hall, of New York, has proposed new names for his species, that were
found preoccupied in the course of this work. Part of these new names were received
in time to fall in their proper places, others are added here.

Amplexus hamiltonise, Hall, 1876, Illust.
Devonian Foss., Ham. Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]
intermittens, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devonian
Foss., Ham. Gr. [Sig. interrupted,
left at intervals.]
Bellerophon textilis, Hall, 1877, Warsaw
Gr. [Sig. woven.] Proposed instead
of B. cancellatus, Hall, 1858, which
was preoccupied,
triliratus, Hall, 1877, Chemung Gr. [Sig.
three-lined.] Proposed instead of B.
tricarinatus, Hall, 1876, which was pre-
occupied.]
Bucania euomphaloides, Owen, 1862, Geo.
Sur. Ind. [Ety. from its resemblance
to an Euomphalus.'] Not very satis-
factorily defined.
•profunda, Hall, 1859, is the same as B.
(Euomphalus) profunda, Conrad, 1841.
Ch.etetes fruticosus, Hall, 1876, Illust. De-
vonian Foss., Ham. Gr. [Sig. bushy.]
furcatus, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devonian

Foss., Ham. Gr. [Sig. forked.]
humilis, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devonian

Foss., Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. small.]
tabulatus, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devonian
Foss., Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. tabulated.]
tenuis, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devonian Foss.,
Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. slender.]
Conularia crawfordsvillensis, Owen, 1862,
Geo. Sur. Ind., Keokuk Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]
Cyathophyllum conatum, Hall, 1876, Illust.
Devonian Foss., Ham. Gr. [Sig. an
effort.]
galerum, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devonian

Foss., Ham. Gr. [Sig. a cap.]
gradatum, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devonian
Foss., Ham. Gr. [Sig. made with
steps.]
nanum, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devonian

Foss., Ham. Gr. [Sig. a dwarf.]
nepos, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devonian Foss.,

Ham* Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
palum, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devonian Foss.,
Ham. Gr. [Sig. a stake.]

perlamellosum, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devo-
nian Foss., Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. hav-
ing many lamellae]

robustum, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devonian
Foss., Ham. Gr. [Sig. robust.]

subcaespitosum, Meek, 1872, Hayden's
Geo. Rep., Low. Carb. [Ety. from
a resemblance to C. caespitomm.]

validum, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devonian
Foss., Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. stout.]
Cyclonema obsolescens, Hall, 1877, Che-
mung Gr. [Sig. grown old.] Pro-
posed instead of C. obsolete,, Hall, 1876,
which was preoccupied.
Cyrtoceras hallanum, D'Orbigny, 1850,
Prodrome de Pal., Trenton Gr. [Ety.
proper name.] Proposed instead of
C. lamellosum, Hall, 1847, which was
preoccupied.]

olenus, Hall, 1877, Schoharie grit. [Ety.
mythological name.] Proposed in-
stead of C. orion, Hall, 1876, which
was preoccupied.]

subannulatum, D'Orbigny, 1850, Prodr.
de Pal., Black Riv. & Trenton Gr.
[Sig. somewhat annulated.] Proposed
instead of C. annulatum, Hall, 1847,
which was preoccupied.

subarcuatum, D'Orbigny, 1850, Prodr.
de Pal., Trenton Gr. [Sig. somewhat
arched.] Proposed instead of C. ar-
cuatum, Hall, 1847, which was pre-
occupied.

subcancellatum, Hall, 1877, Niagara Gr.
[Sig. somewhat cancellated.] Pro-
posed instead of C. cancellatum, Hall,
1852, which was preoccupied.

tenuistriatum, Hall, 1877, Trenton Gr.
[Sig. finely lined.] Proposed instead
of C. corniculum, Hall, 1862, which
was preoccupied.
Cystiphyllum conifollis, Hall, 1876, Illust.
Devonian Foss., Ham. Gr. [Sig. an
inflated cone.]

corrugatum, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devonian
Foss., Ham. Gr. [Sig. corrugated.]

244

ADDENDA.

varians, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devonian Foss.,
Ham. Gr. [Sig. variable.]
Dentalium sublseve, Hall, 1877, Coal Meas.
[Sig. somewhat smooth.] Proposed
instead of D. obsoletum, Hall, 1858,
which was preoccupied.
Discina saffordi, Winchell, 1869, Geo. Tenn.,

Low. Carb. [Ety. proper name.]
Eodon, Hall, 1877. Proposed instead of
Microdon, Conrad, which was preoc-
cupied. [Ety. eos, beginning; odous, a
tooth ; from "the rudimentary teeth.]

bellistriatus, Conrad, 1842, (Microdon
bellistriata) Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol.
8, Ham. Gr. [Sig. beautifully lined.]

complanatus, Hall, 1870, (Microdon com-
planatus) Prelim. Notice Lam. shells,
Ham. Gr. [Sig. smoothed.]

gregarius, Hall, 1870, (Microdon gre-
garia) Prelim. Notice Lam. shells,
Ham. Gr. [Sig. gregarious.]

reservatus, Hall, 1870, (Microdon reser-
vatus) Prelim. Notice Lam. shells,
Waverly Gr. [Sig. reserved.]

tenuistriatus, Hall, 1870, (Microdon ten-
uistriata) Prelim. Notice Lam. shells,
Ham. Gr. [Sig. finely lined.]
Euomphalus decollatus, Hall, 1877, Low.
Held. Gr. [Sig. decollated, behead-
ed.] Proposed instead of E. disjunctus,
Hall, 1859, which was preoccupied.

hecale, Hall, 1876, is the same species
described by Hall, 1843, as E. dqpres-
ms, which was preoccupied.
Eusarcus, Grote & Pitt, 1876, Buff. Acad.
Nat. Sci., vol. 3. [Ety. eusarkos, fleshy.]
This belongs to the family Eurlpteridx.

scorpionis, Grote & Pitt, 1876, Buff. Acad.
Nat. Sci., Waterlime Gr. [Sig. a scor-
pion.]
Favosites arbuscula, Hall, 1876, Illust. De-
vonian Foss., Ham. Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]

argus, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devonian Foss.,
Ham. Gr. [Ety. mythological name.]

emmonsi, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devonian
Foss., Up. Held. Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]

epidermatus var. biloculi, Hall, 1876,
Illust. Devonian Foss., Up. Held. Gr.
[Sig. having a double receptacle.]

epidermatus var. corticosus, Hall, 1876,
Illust. Devonian Foss., Up. Held. Gr.
[Sig. covered with a crust.]

explanatus, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devonian
Foss., Ham. Gr. [Sig. spread out.]

hamiltoniae, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devonian
Foss., Ham. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

hemisphericus var. distortus, Hall, 1876,
Illust. Devonian Foss., Up. Held. Gr.
[Sig. distorted.]

hemisphericus var. rectus, Hall, 187 6,
Illust. Devonian Foss., Up. Held. Gr.
[Sig. straight.]
Graptolithus subtenuis, Hall, 1877, Hud.
Riv. Gr. [Sig. somewhat slender.]
Proposed instead of G. tenuis, Hall,
which was preoccupied.

Gyroceras rhombolineare, Owen, 1862,
Geo. Sur. Indiana. [Sig. from the
rhomb-like markings.]
Halysites sexto-attenuatus, Owen, 1862,
Geo. Sur. Indiana, Niagara Gr. [Sig.
having six contracted places.]
Heliophyllum arachne, Hall, 1876, Illust.
Devonian Foss., Ham. Gr. [Ety. my-
thological name.]

confluens, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devonian
Foss., Ham. Gr. [Sig. confluent,
running together.]

degener, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devonian
Foss., Ham. Gr. [Sig. degenerated.]

halli var. reflexum, Hall, 1876, Illust.
Devonian Foss., Ham. Gr. [Sig.

reflexed.]

halli var. obconicum, Hall, 1876, Illust.
Devonian Foss., Ham. Gr. [Sig. in-
versely conical.]

irregulare, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devonian
Foss., Ham. Gr. [Sig. irregular.]

proliferum, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devonian
Foss., Ham. Gr. [Sig. prolific]
Lingula perplexa, Hall, 1877, Clinton Gr.
[Sig. perplexing.] Proposed instead
of L. elliptica, Hall, 1843, which was
preoccupied.
Loxonema emaceratum, Hall, 1877, Low.
Held. Gr. [Sig. thin, emacerated.]
Proposed instead of L: attenuatum,
Hall, 1859, which seems to have been
preoccupied by Stevens, 1858, under
the name Chemnitzia attenuata.

semicostata, Meek, is a syn. for L. (Chem-
nitzia) attenuata of Stevens.
Macrocheilus attenuatum, Hall, 1877,
Chazy Gr. [Sig. attenuated.] Pro-
posed instead of M. fusiforme, Hall,
1858, which was preoccupied.
Michelinia dividua, Hall, 1876, Illust. Devo-
nian Foss., Ham. Gr. [Sig. divisible.]

stylopora, Eaton, 1832, (Astrea stvlopora)
Geo. Text Book, Ham. Gr. [Sig. hav-
ing pointed cells.]
Murchisonia decurta, Hall, 1877, Chazy Gr.
[Sig. cut off.] Proposed instead of
M. abbreviata, Hall, 1847, which was
preoccupied.

micula, Hall, 1877, Ham. Gr. [Sig. a
little crumb.] Proposed instead of
3/. tarricula, Hall, 1862, which was
preoccupied.

milleri, Hall, 1877, Trenton & Cin'ti Gr.
[Ety. proper name.] Proposed in-
stead of M. bieincta, Hall, 1S47, which
was preoccupied.
Ortiioceras clintoni, Hall, 1877, Chazy Gr.
[Ety. proper name.] Proposed instead
of 0. subarcuatum, Hall, 1847, which
was preoccupied.

desideratum, Hall, 1877, Low. Held. Gr.
[Sig. to be desired.] Proposed instead
of O. davatum, Hall, 1859, which was
preoccupied.

ADDENDA.

hallanum, S. A. Miller, 1877, Cin'ti Gr.
[Ety . proper name. ] Proposed instead
of 0. halli, in Cin. Quar. Jour. Sci.,
which was preoccupied by Barrande.

olorus, Hall, 1877, Trenton Gr. [Ety.
mythological name.] Proposed instead
of 0. vertebrate, Hall, 1847, which was
preoccupied.

orus, Hall, 1877, Niagara Gr. [Ety. my-
thological name.] Proposed instead
of 0. columnare, Hall, 1860, which was
preoccupied.

socialis, Hall, 1877, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig.
social.] Proposed instead of 0. gre-
'garium, Hall, 1861, which was pre-
occupied.

stylus, Hall, 1877, Schoharie grit. [Sig.
" an upright pointed body.] Proposed
instead of 0. baculwn, Hall, 1862, which
was preoccupied.

subcancellatum, Hall, 1877, Niagara Gr.
[Sig. somewhat cancellated.] Pro-
posed instead of 0. caneellatum, Hall,
1852, which was preoccupied.

sublaeve, D'Orbigny, 1850, Prodrome de
Pal., Onondaga Gr. [Sig. somewhat
smooth.] Proposed instead of 0. Ueve,
Hall, 1843, which was preoccupied.
Phillipsia tennesseensis, Winchell, 1869,
Geo. of Tenn., Low. Carb. [Ety.
proper name.
Platyceras pabulocrinus, Owen, 1862, (Pile-
opsis pabulocrinus) Geo. Sur. Indiana,
Keokuk Gr. [Ety. from an erroneous
idea that the species subsisted on the
crinoid.]
Phitystoma lineatum, Hall, is identical with

P. lineatum Conrad.
Plkurotomaria subglobosa, Hall, 1877,
Warsaw Gr. [Sig. somewhat globose.]
Proposed instead of P. rotundata,
Hall, 1858, which was preoccupied.

nodulma, Hall, 1847, is probably a poor
specimen of Trochonema umbilicata.

tenuimarginata, Hall, 1877, Warsaw Gr.
[Sig. slender-margined.] Proposed
instead of P. concava, Hall, 1858,
which was preoccupied.

Polyphemopsis teretiformis, Hall, 1877, War-
saw Gr. [Sig. of a long round-shape.]
Proposed instead of P. elxmgata, Hall,
1858, which was preoccupied.

Productus incurvatus, Shepard, 1838, Am.
Jour. Sci., vol. 34, Coal Meas. [Sig.
from the incurved basal margin.]
pectenoideus, Shepard, 1838, Am. Jour.
Sci., vol. 34, Coal Meas. [Sig. like a
shell of the genus Pecten.]
semipunctatus, Shepard, 1858, Am. Jour.
Sci., vol. 34, Coal Meas. [Sig. half-
punctated.]

Quenstedtia, a genus, on page 60, was pre-
occupied in the Class Lamellibran-
chiata, by Morris & Lycett, in 1853.

Streptelasma ungula, Hall, 1876, Illust.
Devonian Foss., Ham. Gr. [Sig. a
hoof.]
profundum, Hall, is probably identical
with S. (Cyathophyllum) profundum,
Conrad.

Striatopora limbata, Eaton, 1832, (Madre-
pora limbata) Geo. Text Book, Ham.
Gr. [Sig. bordered.]

Terebratula argentea, see Athyris argentea.

Trematopora spiculata, Hall, 1877, Niagara
Gr. [Sig. having little points.] Pro-
posed instead of T. spinidosa, Hall,
1876, which was preoccupied.

Zaphrentis ampla, Hall, 1876, Illust. De-
vonian Foss., Ham. Gr. [Sig. full,
large.]
cannonensis, Winchell, 1869, Geo. Tenn.,

Low. Carb. [Ety. proper name.]
eccentrica, Meek, 1871, Hayden's Geo.
Rep., Low. Carb. [Sig eccentric,
from the center.]
halli, Edwards & Haime, 1851, Polyp.
Foss. Terr. Palseoz., Ham. Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]

COKKIGKENDA.

In addition to the facilities offered in the Preface, in the article of Prof. Claypole,
and in the Index of Genera for correcting specific names, the following corrections are
deemed worthy of notice :

Read horny fracture for corny fracture, on page 13.

Read opusculum for opusculus, on page 67.

Read pistillum for pistillus, on page 72.

Read rhombiferus for rhombiferous, on page 85.

Read remus for remos, on page 85.

Read varsoviensis for varsouviensis, on page 86.

Read pumilus for pumilis, on page 87.

Read differens for differentis, on page 104.

AMERICAN

PALAEOZOIC FOSSILS

A CATALOGUE

OF THE

GENERA AND SPECIES,

NAMES OF AUTHOBS, DATES, PLA0E8 OF PUBLICATION, GEOUPS OF BOOKS IN WHICH.
FOUND AND THE ETYMOLOGY AND SIGNIFICATION OF THE WOBDS,

AN INTRODUCTION

DEVOTED TO THE STBATIGEAPHICAL GEOLOGY OF THE PAL2E0Z0IC BOCKS.

SECOND EDITION— JANUARY, 1883.

BY S. A. HUCILLEIR,.

CINCINNATI, OHIO:
PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOE, No. 8 W. THIRD ST.

I883.

Entered according to act of Congress, in the year 1882, by

S. A. MILLER,
In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington.

PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION.

The first edition of this work was published by the author in 1877. No
work of the kind had ever appeared, and no encouragement for the undertaking
had been received. The author had confidence in its value to science, and
published it himself. This condition of affairs is well expressed by the
distinguished Prof. Leo. Lesquereux, in a letter addressed to the author, while
the work was in press, on the 28th of March, 1877. He said:

" Your kind favor of the 25th, and the page of prospectus of your cata-
logue are received. You will please allow me to say freely, that when I re-
ceived your first letter advising me of the preparation or publication of a
catalogue of the American Palaeozoic Fossils, I did not think much of a work
of the kind, for the reason that I knew by experience what amount of time and
research would be necessary for the preparation of such a work as the one you
were about to publish, and could not suppose that in this country, where
science is so generally considered under a remunerative point of view, there
was a naturalist disposed to make the researches you have so well done for
mere love of science. But after the perusal of your first proof sheets, my
opinion was fully reversed, and I recognized immediately the great value of
your catalogue, the assistance which it will afford to all the palaeontologists,
and the accuracy with which you have pursued the immense amount of re-
searches necessitated for its preparation. For what concerns myself person-
ally, I thank you sincerely tor this production, and I am certain that every
palaeontologist will do the same."

After he had received a copy of the work, he again wrote as follows :

" I am sincerely glad to have the whole catalogue, though I have also good
use of the separate copy of the botanical part, which, bound with intermixed
blank leaves, serves me as a very commodious referendum, especially for new
American species of coal plants. Your excellent, most useful catalogue, in its
fullness receives a degres of interest from the Introductory remarks, those on
the construction of systematic names, and the Geological introduction. The
work is, indeed, one of devotion to science. It may not bring you pecuniary
reward, but you will have the satisfaction to know that it has helped many,
and been of great use, or will be hereafter, for the advancement of palaeonto-
logical science. For, indeed, it is a true dictionary, and should be in the hands
of every American geologist."

No testimonials of the value of the work .were ever solicited, but they
came, nevertheless, from all parts' of this country. and from abroad. Only a
few more will be selected. Prof. James. Hall, of New York, wrote:

" You have done a valuable work, for which the thanks of every describer

PKEFACE.

of fossils are due; indeed, I do not recall the publication of a single book within
the past twenty years so necessary and useful to the geologist and palaeontolo-
gist."

Prof. John H. Klippart, of Columbus, Ohio :

"I like the work very much. It is just such a work as I have long since
very much needed. It will prove to the student of fossils what Webster's un-
abridged proves to the scholar — that it is simply indispensable. There is no
work to take its place, or that can be substituted for it."
Prof. G. C. Broadhead, of Missouri :

" I find it a useful book for a student of palaeontology, and it supplies a
necessity which experience has demanded."

Prof. Henry G. Hanks, of California :

"I am very much pleased with the work. It is just what I want."

Prof. R. H. Holbrook, of New Jersey :

"I consider it a valuable work worth many times the price."

Rev. J. Allen, President Alfred University, Pa. :

"We find your book a very valuable production — a great aid."

Prof. J. W. Dawson, of Montreal:

" I have found the book very useful, and hope you will follow it up with
supplements as new species are described."

Prof. G. Lindstrom, of Stockholm, Sweden :

"I bought your excellent catalogue of the North American Palaeozoic
Fossils, for use in the Museum, and I dare say that scarcely a day passes by
without my consulting it."

The notices this book has received in scientific periodicals have been no less
flattering, as will be observed in the Annals and Magazine of Natural
History, 1878, 5th ser., vol. i., p. 99, and the Geological Magazine of London,
for October 1877, p. 472.

Under these circumstances, I have been induced to prepare a supplement,
for the unbound copies remaining on hand, and to publish it in this form for
a second edition. The supplement contains the genera and species de-
scribed since 1877, those that were overlooked in the first edition, corrected
references of species to genera, corrections of the more serious mistakes and
typographical errors, and a new index of the genera. The Vegetable Kingdom
is arranged in orders and classes, the Class Echinodermata is re-subdivided,
some new orders and new families are briefly defined, and a few specific names
have been proposed by the author for those preoccupied, which constitute the
new features of the supplement. In addition to the corrections, the fossils
described in the 23d and 24th Reports of the Reg. of the Univ. of N. Y., on the
condition of the St. Cab. of Nat. Hist., should be accredited to Hall and
Whitfield, instead of to Hall alone, and the Cincinnati Group should, in all
Cases, be stricken out, and, in nearly every instance, the Hud. Riv. Gr. inserted,
a few species only being referable to the Trenton and Utica Slate.

S. A. MILLER.
Cincinnati, Ohio, December, 1882.

SUPPLEMENT.

VEGETABLE KINGDOM.

In the first edition of this work, no attempt was made to arrange the fossils of the
vegetable kingdom, represented in the palaeozoic rocks, into classes, orders, or families,
for reasons then expressed; since that time, however, the work of Leo Lesquereux on
the coal flora of Pennsylvania has rendered possible a classification which will be of
some utility, though only approximately correct.

CELLULAR CRYPTOGAMOUS PLANTS.

CLASS FUXGL— Rhizomorpha.

CLASS THALASSOPHYTES — Arthraria, Arthrophycus, Asterophycus, Blastophy-
cus, Buthotrephis, Calamophycus, Chondrites, Conostichus, Cruziana, Dactylb-
phycus, Diseophycus, Dystactophycus, Eophyton, Heliophycus, Hippodophycus,
Iehnophyeus, Licrophyeus, Palaeochorda, Pabeophycus, Phytopsis, Protostigma,
Rusophycus, Sphenothallus, Taonurus, Trichophyeus.

VASCULAR CRYPTOGAMOUS PLANTS.

CLASS EQUISETACE^E. — Anarthrocanna, Annularia, Arthrostigma, Asterophyl-

lites, Beehera, Bornia, Calamites, Calamodendron, Calamocladus, Calainostachys,

Equisetitt's. Macrostachya, Nematophvllum, Solenoula, Sphenophyllum.
CLASS FILICACE^E (ferns).
ORDER NEUROPTERIDS. — Danaeites, Dictyopteris, Idiophyllum, Lesleya, Lon-

chopteris, Megalopteris, Neriopteris, Neuropteris, Odontopteris, Orthogoniopteris,

Tseniopteris.
ORDER ALETHOPTERIDS. — Alethopteris, Callipteris, Callipteridium, Lescurop-

teris, Protobleehnum.
ORDER PSEUDOPECOPTERIDS.— Pseudopecopteris.
ORDER PECOPTERIDS.— Asterocarpus, Cymoglossa, Goniopteris, Oligocarpia, Pe-

copteris.
ORDER SPIIENOPTERIDS.— Asplenites, Eremopteris, Sphenopteris.
ORDER ADIANTITES. — Aneimites, Arclueopteris, Cyclopteris, Triphyllopteris.
PERNS OF UNCERTAIN AFFINITY.— Crematopteris, Hymenophyllites, Pachyp-

teris, Rhacophvlhun.
BACHIS OF FERN^S.— Rhaehiopteris.
RHIZOMAS OF FERNS.— Rhizomopteris, Stigmarioides.
SEPARATE FRUCTIFICATIONS OF FERNS.— Sorocladus.
STEMS OR TRUNKS OF FERNS.— Caulopteris, Megaphytum, Psaronius, Stemma-

topteris.
CLASS LYCOPODIACE.E.— Arthrostigma, Cyclostigma, Dechenia, Diplostegium,

Glyptodendron, Halonia, Knorria, Lepidocystis, Lepidodendron, Lepidophloios,

Lepidophyllum, Lepidostrobus, Leptophloeum, Lycopodites, Psilophyton,

Polyporites, Sporocvstis, Sternbergia, telodendron.
ORDER T^ENIOPHYLLE^.— Taiiiophvllum.
ORDER SIGILLARUE.— Didymophyllum, Pinnularia, Rhizolithes, Sigillaria, Sigil-

larioides, Sthrmaria, Syringodendron,
ORDER NOEGGE R ATII I M .— Nu'ggerathia, Whittleseya.
(LASS CORDAITEJE. — Antholithes, Cardiooarpon, Carpolithes, Cordaianthus, Cordai-

earpue, Cordaites, Cordaistrobus, Desmiophyllum, Dicranophyllum, Guilielmites.

Lepidoxylon, Rhabdocarpus, Trigonocarpum.
(ONIFER^E (?) — Araucarites, Baiera, Dadoxylon, Nematoxylon, Ormoxylon, Proto-

taxites, Saportaea, Svringoxvlon, Walchia.
PLANTS OF UNCERTAIN AFFINITY. — Aranthophyton, Asteropteris, Cellu-

loxylon, Palseoxyrirf, Spirangium, Sporangites.

248

VEGETABLE KINGDOM.

Alethopteris acuta is Pecopteris acuta,
ambigua, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora of

Pa., Coal Meas. [Sig. uncertain.]
aquilina was first called Filicites aquilinus

by Schlotheim in his Flor. d. Vorw.
crenulata, as identified by Lesquereux, in

the Geo. Sur., 111., vol. 2, is now de-
' scribed as Pseudopecopteris sub-

crenulata.
cristata is Pecopteris cristata.
distans is a variety of A. lonchitica.
emarginata is, Pecopteris emarginata.
erosa is Pecopteris erosa.
gibsoni, Lesquereux, 1S80, Coal Flora of

Pa., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
halli is Pecopteris halli.
helense, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Floi*a of

Pa., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
holdeni is Protoblechnum holdeni.
hymenophylloides is Pseudopecopteris

hy menophy lloide s .
inflata is Callipteridium inflatum.
lanceolata is Pecopteris lanceolata.
lonchitica instead of A. lonchitidis.
longifolia is Pecopteris longifolia.
• macrophylla is Danseites macrophyllus.
massillonis is Callipteridium massillon-

eum.
mazonana is Pseudopecopteris mazonana.
muricata is Pseudopecopteris muricata.
nervosa is Pseudopecopteris nervosa.
obscura, syn. for Callipteridium rugosum.
oweni is Callipteridium oweni.
pluckeneti is Pseudopecopteris pluck-

eneti.
pteroides is Pecopteris pteroides.
rugosa is Callipteridium rugosum.
serrula is Pecopteris serrula.
solida is Pecopteris solida.
stellata is Pecopteris stellata.
tceniopteroides is Pecopteris tseniopter-

oides.
virginiana, Fontaine and White, 1880,

Perm, or Up. Carb. Flora, Coal Meas.

or Permian. [Ety. proper name.]
Annularia was described by Sternberg, in

1820, Essai d'un expose Geognostico-

botanique de la flore du monde

primitif, 2d cahier.
acuminata is Sporangites acuminatus.
dawsoni is Asterophyllites dawsoni.
emersoni, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora

of Pa., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper

name.]
romingeri, Lesquereux, 1877, Trans.

Am. Phil. Soc.,Low. Held. Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
Antholithes priscus was described in 1873,

in Ohio Pal., vol. 1.
Aphlebia adnascens, see Rhacophyllum

adnascens.
flabellata, see Rhacophyllum flabellatum.
irregularis, see Rhacophyllum irregulare.
Arch^eopteris bockschiana, Lesquereux,

1858 (Nceggerathia bockschiana), Geo.

of Penn., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Ety.
. proper name.]
gaspensis, Dawson, 1881, Can. Nat. &

Geo., vol. 10, Devonian. [Ety.
proper name.]
Arch^eopteris hallana instead of Cyclop-
teris hallana.

hybernica, Forbes, 1852 (Cyclopteris
hybernica), Proc. Brit. Assoc,
Chemung Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

jacksoni instead of Cyclopteris jacksoni.

minor instead of Nceggerathia minor.

obliqua instead of Noeggerathia obliqua.

rogersi instead of Cyclopteris rogersi.
Aristophycus, Miller & Dyer, 1878, Cont.
to Pal., No. 2. [Ety. aristos,
excellent; phukos, a sea plant.] Prob-
ably inorganic.

ramosum, Miller & Dyer, 1878, Cont. to
Pal., No. 2, Hud. Puv. Gr. [Sig.
branchy.] Probably inorganic.

ramosum var. germanum, Miller & Dver,
1878, Cont. to Pal., No. 2, Hud. Riv.
Gr. [Sig. near of kin.] Probably
inorganic.
Asolanus, Wood, 1860, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. This genus is not recognized by
botanists, and is generally regarded as
a synonym for Sigillaria. A. campto-
tcenia, is classed by Lesquereux as a
synonym for Sigillaria monostigma,
and the other two names mentioned
by Wood, A. manephleeus, and A.
ornithicnoides, are referred to Sigill-
aria.
Asterophycus simplex, Lesquereux, 1880,
Coal Flora of Pa., Coal Meas. [Sig.
simple.]
Asterophyllites anthracinus, Heer, 1877,
Fl. Foss. Helv., vol. 4, Coal Meas.
[Sig. coal black.]

aperta, syn. for Macrostachya infundibu-
liformis.

equisetiformis was called by Schlotheim,
Casnarinites equisetiformis, in 1804.

fasciculatus, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal
Flora of Pa., Coal Meas. [Sig.
bundled.]

lanceolatus syn. for A. foliosus.

latifolius should be restored.

longifolius was called Bruckmannia
longifolia, by Sternberg, in Tent,
flor. prim.

radiatus, Brongniart, 1822, Class, d. Veg.
Foss. Coal Meas. [Sig. rayed.]

rigidus was called Bruckmannia rigida,
by Sternberg, in Tent. flor. prim.
Asteropteris, Dawson, 1881, Lond. Quar.
Jour. Geo. Soc, vol. 37. [Ety. aster,
a star ; pteris, a fern.]

novoboracensis, Dawson, 1881, Lond.
Quar. Jour. Geo. Soc, vol. 37, Port-
age Gr. [Ety. proper name]
Baiera, Fr. Braun, 1840, Die Petrefakten
d. Naturalien Samml. [Ety. proper
name.]

virginiana, Fontaine and White, 1880,
Perm, or Up. Carb. Flora, Coal Meas.
or Permian. [Ety. proper name.]
Bergeria rhombica, see Lepidodendron
rhombicum.

VEGETABLE KINGDOM.

Blastophycus, Miller & Dyer, 1878, Jour.
Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 1. [Ety.
t>last08, a bud; pJmkos, a sea weed.]
diadematum, Miller & Dyer, 1878, Jour.
Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 1, Utiea
Slate Gr. [Sig. diademed.]
Bokxia, F. A. Roemer, 1854, Palseonto-
graphica, vol. 3. [Ety. proper name.]
radiata, Brongniart, 1828 (Catamites ra-
diatus), Hist. d. Veg. Foss., Sub-car-
boniferous. [Sig. radiated.]
Brachyphyllum obtuaum is Lepidocystis

obtusus.
Bruckmannia longifolia, see Asterophyl-
lites longifolius.
rigida, see Asteropbyllites rigidus.
Buthotrephis asteroides, Fitch, 1849,
Trans. Ag. Soc, Quebec Gr. [Sig.
star like.]
rigida, Emmons, 1844 (Fucoides rigidus)
Taconic Syst., Quebec Gr. [Sig.
rigid.]
Calamites ari'naceus is a Triassic species.
decoratu8 may be erased,
dubius, was published in 1825.
major, Weiss, 1872, Fossil Flora d. jung-
sten steinkohlen formation, Coal
Meas. [Sig. large.]
radiatus, see Bornia radiata.
ramifer, Stur, 1875, Culm. Flora d.
Mahriseh-SehlesischenDachsehiefers,
Coal Meas. [Sig. bearing brandies.]
ramosus, was published in 1825.
sulcatvs may be erased,
transitionisis Goeppert's species, as iden-
tified by Dawson,
undulatus was described by Brongniart
in 1828, in Hist. d. Yeg. Fobs., vol. 1.
Calamodexdrox is Brongniart's Genus.
Calamophycus, Lesquereux, 1877, Proc.
Am. Phil. Soc. [Ety. calamus, a reed;
phukos, a sea plant.]
septus, Lesquereux, 1877, Proc. Am.
Phil. Soc, Devon. [Sig. enveloped.]
Calamostachys, Schimper, 1869, Traite de
Paleontologie Vege tale, vol. 1, p. 328.
• [Ety. Calamus, a reed; Stachys, a plant].
prselongus, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora
of Pa., Coal Meas. [Sig. very long.]
Callipteridium, Weiss, 1872, Foss. Flora
d. jungsten steinkohlen formation.
[Ety. from the genus (.'alh'i>t<'ris.]
aldrichi, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora of
Pa., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name]
dawsonanum, Fontaine & White, 1880,
Perm, or Up. Carb. Flora, Coal Meas.
or Permian. [Ety. proper name.]
grandifolium, Fontaine & White, 1880,
Perm, or Up. Carb. Flora, Coal Meas.
or Permian. [Sig. large leaved.]
intlatum, Lesquereux, 1870 (Alethopteris
inflate), Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 4. Coal
Mens. [Sig. inflated.]
ina-quale, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora

of Pa., Coal Meas. [Sig. unequal.]
mansfieldi, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora
of Pa., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper
name]

Callipteridium massilloneum instead of
Alethopteris massillonis.
membranaceum, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal
Flora of Pa., Coal Meas. [Sig. mem-
branaceous],
neuropteroides, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal
Flora of Pa., Coal Meas. [Sig. like
Neuropteris.]
oblongifolium, Fontaine & White, Perm,
or Up. Carb. Flora, Coal Meas. or
Perm. [Sig. oblong leaved.]
odontopteroides, Fontaine & White, 1880,
Perm, or Up. Carb. Flora, Coal Meas.
or Perm. [Sig. like Odontoptcris.]
oweni instead of Alethopteris oweni.
pardeei, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora
of Pa., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper
name.]
rugosum instead of Alethopteris ru-

gosa.
sullivanti instead of Callipteris Sulli-
van ti.
unitum, Fontaine & White, 1880, Perm,
or Up. Carb. Flora, Coal Meas. or
Permian. [Sig. united.]
Callipteris conferta, Sternberg (Sphen-
opteris conferta), Tent. fior. prim.,
Coal Meas. or Permian. [Sig. close
together.]
pilosa instead of Sphenopteris pilosa.
Cardiocarpon annulatum, C. elongatum,
C. latum, C. minus, C. orbiculare,
and C. samaraeforme, were described
in 1873, in Ohio Pal., vol. 1.
apieulatum, Goeppert & Berger, 1848,
De fructibus et seminibus, Coal
Meas. [Sig. having a pointed ter-
mination.]
bicornutum instead of Pilocarpus bicor-

nutus.
congruens, Grand'Eury, 1877, Flore Car-
bonifere, Coal Meas. [Sig. running
together.]
diminutivum, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal
Flora of Pa., Coal Meas. [Sig,
diminutive.]
fasciculatum, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal
Flora of Pa., Coal Meas. [Sig. bundled.]
late-alatum, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal
Flora of Pa., Coal Meas. [Sig. broad
winged.]
mamillatum instead of Rhabdoearpus

maniillatus.
marginatum was described in 1825.
ovatum, Grand'Eury, 1877, Flore Car-

bonifere, Coal Meas. [Sig. ovate.]

pachytesta, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora

of Pa., Coal Meas. f Sig. having thick

testa.]

regulare, Sternberg, 1821-38, Flor. d.

Vorwelt., Coal Meas. [Sig. regular.]

simplex, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora

of Pa., Coal Meas. [Sig. simple]
zonulatum, Lesquereux. 1880, Coal Flora
of Pa.. Coal Meas. [Sig. small girded.]
Cardiopteris, Schimper, 1809, Traite de
Paleontologie Vegetale, vol. 1. p. 451.
[Ety. Jcardia, heart; pteris, a fern.]

250

VEGETABLE KINGDOM.

Cardiopteris eriana, Dawson, 1881, Quar.
Jour. Geo. Soc. Lond., vol. 37, De-
vonian. [Ety. proper name.]
Carpolithes acuminatus, Sternberg, 1821-

38, Flor d. Vorw., Coal Meas. [Sig.

pointed.]
bicarpus, Fontaine & White, 1880, Perm.

or Up. Carb. Flora, Coal Meas. or

Permian. [Sig. two fruited.]
bullatus is Lepidocystis bullatus.
disjunctus is a syn. for Trigonacarpon

dawesi.
jacksonensis is Rhabdocarpus jacksonen-

sis.
limatus, read C. lunatus.
marginatus, Fontaine & White, 1880,

Perm, or Up. Carb. Flora, Coal Meas.

or Permian. [Sig. margined. This

name was preoccupied by Artis in

1825.
vesicularis is Lepidocystis vesicularis.
Casuarinites equisetiformis is Astero-

phyllites equisetiformis.
Caulerpites was described by 3rongniart in

1828, Prodr. d. Hist. d. Veg. Foss.
marginatus is Taonurus marginatus.
Caulopteris acanthophora is, probably, Ulo-

dendron punctatum.
elliptica, Fontaine & White, 1880, Perm.

or Up. Carb. Flora. Coal Meas. or

Perm. [Sig. elliptical.]
giffordi, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora of

Pa., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
gigantea, Lesquereux, is Stemmatopteris

gigantea.
gigantea, Fontaine & White, 1880, Perm.

or Up. Carb. Flora, Coal Meas. or

Permian. [Sig. large.]
insignia is Stemmatopteris insignis.
lacoei, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora

of Pa., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper

name.]
mansfieldi, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora

of Pa., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper

name. J
punctata is Stemmatopteris punctata.
wortheni is Stemmatopteris wortheni.
Celluloxylon, Dawson, 1881; Lond. Quar.

Jour. Geo. Soc, vol. 37. [Ety. cell-

ula, a small apartment; xylon, wood.]
primaevum, Dawson, 1880, Lond. Quar.

Jour. Geo. Soc, vol. 37, Ham. Gr.

[Sig. in the first period of life]
Chloepthycus, Miller & Dyer, 1878, Cont.

to Pal. No. 2. [Ety. chlce, young

grass ; phukos, a sea plant.] This

is probably inorganic.
plumosum, Miller & Dyer, 1878, Cont. to

Pal., No. 2, Hud. Eiv. Gr. [Sig.

feathered.] This is probably inor-
ganic.
Chondrites colletti is Taonurus colletti.
CoNOSTiCHUSbroadheadi, Lesquereux, 1880,

Coal Flora of Pa., Coal Meas. [Ety.

proper name.]
prolifer, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora of

Pa., Coal Meas. [Sig. bearing off-
spring.]

Cordaianthx's, Grand'Eury, 1877, Flore

Carbonifere. [Ety. Cordaites, a genus ;

anthos, a flower.]
dichotomus, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal

Flora of Pa., Coal Meas. [Sig. di-
vided.]
ovatus, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora of

Pa., Coal Meas. [Sig. ovate]
simplex, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora

of Pa., Coal Meas. [Sig. simple.]
Cordaicarpus, Grand'Eury, 1877, Flore

Carbonifere. [Ety. Cordaites, a genus;

karpos, fruit.]
apiculatus, Lesquereux, 18S0, Coal Flora

of Pa., Coal Meas. [Sig. pointed.]
costatus, see Cordaites costatus.
gutbieri, Grand'Eury, 1877, Flore Car-
bonifere, Coal Meas. [Ety. proper

name.]
ovatus, Grand'Eury, 1877, Flore Car-
bonifere, Coal Meas. [Sig. ovate.]
Cordaistrobus, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal

Flora of Pa. [Ety. Cordaites, a genus;

strobus, a cone.]
grandeuryi, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora

of Pa., Coal Meas. [Ety. prop, name.]
Cordaites communis, Lesquereux, 1878,

Proc Am. Phil. Soc, Coal Meas.

[Sig. common.]
costatus, Lesquereux, 1879, Proc. Am.

Phil. Soc, Coal Meas. [Sig. costate.]
crassinervis, Fontaine & White, 1880,

Perm, or Up. Carb. Flora, Coal Mens.

or Permian. [Sig. thick nerved.]
crassus, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora of

Pa., Coal Meas. [Sig. thick.]
diversifolius, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal

Flora of Pa., Coal Meas. [Sig. di-
verse leaved.] Proposed instead of L.

angustifolius, Lesquereux.
gracilis, Lesquereux, 1878, Proc. Am.

Phil. Soc, Coal Meas. [Sig. slender.]
grandifolius, Lesquereux, 1878, Proc.

Am. Phil. Soc, Coal Meas. [Sig.

grand leaved.]
lacoei, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora of

Pa., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
lingulatus, Grand'Eury, 1877, Flore

Carbonifere, Coal Meas. [Sig. tongue

shaped.]
mansfieldi, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora

of I'a., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper

name.]
radiatus, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora

of Pa., Coal Meas. [Sig. radiated.]
serpens, Lesquereux, 1878, Proc

Am. Phil. Soc, Coal Meas. [Sig.

creeping.]
validus, Lesquereux, 1878, Proc. Am.

Phil. Soc, Coal Meas. [Sig. strong.]
Cyclopteris alleghaniensis, syn. for Arch-

seopteris rogersi.
browni is Rhacophyllum browni.
elongata, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora

of Pa., Coal Meas. [Sig. elongated.]
germari is Neuropteris germari.
hallana is Arehreopteris hallana.
jacksoni is Arehax>pteris jacksoni.

VEGETABLE KINGDOM.

251

Cyclopteris laciniata is Neuropteris laci-

niata.
lescuriana is Triphyllopteris leseuriana.
probleinatica, Dawson, 1871, Foss.
Plants, Dev. & Up. 811., Middle

Devonian. [Sig. problematical.]
rogersi is Archa?opteris rogersi.
trichomanoides is Neuropteris triehoman-

oides.
oirginiana is Pseudopeeopteris vii'giniana.
Ctclostigma aftine, Dawson, 1881, Quar.

Jour. Geo. Soc., Lond., vol. 37, De-
vonian. [Sig. near to.]
kiltorkense, Haughton, 1860, Ann. &

Mae. Nat. Hist., 3d ser., vol. 5, Sub-
carboniferous. [Ety. proper name.]
< ymoglossa, Sehimper, 1869, Traite de

Paleontologie Vegetale, vol. l,p. 553.

[Ety. kumo, wavy: glossa, a tongue.]
breviloba, Fontaine & White, 1880,

Perm. & Up. Garb. Flora, Coal

Meas. or Permian. [Sig. short lobed.]
formosa, Fontaine & White, 1880, Perm.

& Up. Carb. Flora, Coal Meas. or

Permian. [Sig. beautiful.]
lobata, Fontaine & White, 1880, Perm.

A: Up. Carb. Flora, Coal Meas. or

Permian. [Sig. lobed.]
• obtusifolia, Fontaine & White, 1880,

Perm. & Up. Carb. Flora, Coal Meas.

or Permian. [Sig. obtuse leaved.]
Dactylophycus, Miller & Dyer, 1878,

Cont. to Pal., No. 2. [Ety. dactylos,

a finger; phukos, a sea plant.]
quadripartitum, Miller & Dyer, 1878,

Cont. to Pal., Xo. 2, Utica Slate Gr.

[Sig. four parted.]
tridigitatuiu, Miller & Dyer, 1878, Cont.

to Pal., No. 2, Utica Slate Gr. [Sig.

three fingered.]
Dax.eites emersoni, Lesquereux, 1880,

Coal Flora of Pa., Coal Meas. [Ety.

proper name.]
macrophyllus instead of Alethopteris

macrophylla.
Deciiexia, Goeppert, 1841-48, Die Gattun-

gen der fossilen Pflanzen. [Ety.

proper name.]
striata, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora of

Pa., Coal Meas. [Sig striated.]
Obsmiophtllvu, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal

Flora of Pa. [Etv. desmos, a band;

phylUm, a leaf.]
gracile, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora of

Pa., Coal Meas. [Sig. slender.]
Dicraxophyliam, Grand'Eury, 1877,

Flore Carbonifere. [Ety. dikranOs,

two pointed; phyllon, a leaf.]
dichotomum, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal

Flora of Pa., Coal Meas. [Sig. divided.]
dimorphum, Lesquereux, 1878, Proc.

Am. Phil. Soc, Coal Meas. [Sig.

double formed. ]
Dtctyophyton is not a plant. It is sup-
posed to be a sponge.
Didymophyeixm oweni, Lesquereux, 1880,

Coal Flora of Pa.. Coal Meas. [Ety.

proper name. J

Discophycus, Walcott, 1879, Trans. Alb.

Inst., vol. 10. [Ety. diskos, a disk;

phukos, a sea weed.]
typieale, Walcott, 1879, Trans. Alb. Inst.

vol. 10, Utica Slate. [Sig. the type.]
Dystactophycus, Miller & Dyer, 1878,

Cont. to Pal., No. 2. [Ety. dystaktos,

hard to arrimge; phukos, a sea plant.]
mamillanum, Miller & Dyer, 1878, Cont.

to Pal., No. 2, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig.

protuberant.]
Equisetites macrodontus, Wood, 1860,

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Coal Meas. Not

satisfactorily defined,
wrightanus, Dawson, 1880, Lond. Geo.

Mag., n. s. vol. 7, Up. Devonian.

[Ety. proper name.]
Eremopteris crenulata, Lesquereux, 1876,

Geo. Rep. of Ala., Coal Meas. [Sig.

erenulated.]
dissecta, Lesquereux, 1876, Geo. Rep. of

Ala., Coal Meas. [Sig. cut up.]
elegans, Ettingshausen, 1852 (Asplenites

elegans), Die Steinkohlen flora, v.

Stradonitz in Bohmen, Coal Meas.

[Sig. elegant.]
flexuosa, Lesquereux, 1876, Geo. Rep.

of Ala., Coal Meas. rSig. flexuous.]
microphylla, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal

Flora of Pa., Coal Meas. [Sig.

small leaved.]
missouriensis, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal

Flora of Pa., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper

name.]
Ficoidltes scabrosus, Hildreth, 1837, Am.

Jour. Sci. & Arts, vol. 31, Lower

Coal Meas. Not recognized.
Filicites arborescens, see Pecopteris ar-

borescens.
miltoni, see Pecopteris miltoni.
plumosus, see Pecopteris plumosa.
Glyptodexdron, Claypole, 1878, Am. Jour.

Sci. & Arts, 3d ser., vol. 15, [Ety.

glyptos, sculptured; dendron, a tree.]
eatonense, Claypole, 1878, Am. Jour.

Sci. & Arts, 3d ser., vol. 15, Niagara

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Ghniopterte newberryana, see Pecopteris

newberryana.
oblonga, see Pecopteris oblonga.
Guilielmites, Geinitz, 1858, Leitpflanzen

d. Rothleig. u. d. Zechstein ; Sachsen.

[Ety. from the genus GulMma.]
orbicularis, Fontaine & White, 1880,

Perm. & Up. Carb. Flora, Coal

Meas. or Permian. [Sig. orbicular.]
Haloxia flexuosa, Goldenburg, 1855 (Ulo-

dendron flexuosum), Flora Sarrae-

pontana fossilis, Coal Meas. [Sig.
flexuous.]
mansfieldi, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal

Flora of Pa., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper

name.]
secreta, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora of

Pa., Coal Meas. {Sig. concealed.]
tortuosa, Lindley & Hutton, 1835, Foss.

Flora, vol. 2, p. 11, Coal Meas.

[Sig. tortuous.]

252

VEGETABLE KINGDOM.

Heliophycus, Miller & Dyer, 1878, Cont

to Pal., No. 2. [Ety. helios, the sun;

phukos, a sea plant.]
stelliforme, Miller & Dyer, 1878, Cont.

to Pal., No. 2, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig.

star shaped.]
Hymenophyllites adnascens, refer to Rha-

cophyllum adnascens.
arborescens, refer to Rhacophyllum ar-

borescens.
ballantini, refer to Sphenopteris ballan-

tini.
clarki, refer to Rhacophyllum clarki.
fiexicaulis, refer to Sphenopteris fiexi-

caulis.
furcatus, refer to Sphenopteris furcata.
hildrethi, refer to Sphenopteris hildrethi.
inflatus, see Rhacophyllum inflatum.
lactuca, see Rhacophyllum lactuca.
mollis, see Rhacophyllum mollis.
spinosus, refer to Sphenopteris spinosa.
strongi, see Rhacophyllum strongi.
thalliformis, see Rhacophyllum thalli-

forme.
trichomanoides, refer to Sphenopteris

trichomanoides.
tridactylites, refer to Sphenopteris tri-

dactylites.
Idiophyixum, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora

of Pa. [Ety. idios, peculiar; phyllon,

a leaf.]
rotundifolium, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal

Flora of Pa., Coal Meas. [Sig. round

leaved. ]
Lepidocystis, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora

of Pa. [Ety. lepis, a scale; kustis, a

bladder.]
angularis, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora

of Pa., Coal Meas. [Sig. angular.]
bullatus instead of Carpolithes bullatus.
fraxiniformis, Goeppert & Berger, 1848

(Carpolithes fraxiniformis), De fruct.

et sem., Coal Meas. [Sig. like Frax-

inus.J
lineatus, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora of

Pa., Coal Meas. [Sig. lined.]
obtusus instead of Brachyphyllum ob-

tusum.
pectinatus, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora

of Fa., Coal Meas. [Sig. pectinated.]
quadrangularis, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal

Flora of Pa., Coal Meas. [Sig. quad-
rangular.]
vesicularis instead of Carpolithes ves-

icularis.
Lepidodendron was described by Stern-
berg in' 1820, in Essai d'un expose

Geognostico-botanique de la flore du

monde primitif, 1st Cahier. Also L.

aeuleatum, L. crenatum, L. dichoto-

mum, L. obovatum, L. rimosum, L.

selaginoides and L. undulatum.
andrewsi, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora

of Pa., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper

name.]
alveolare, see Sigillaria alveolaris.
brittsi, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora of

Pa., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name

Lepidodexdeon chilallce.um, syn. for L.

distans.
cuspidatum, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal

Flora of Pa., Coal Meas. [Sig. point-
ed.]
cyclostigma, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal

Flora of Pa., Coal Meas. [Sig. round

dotted.]
drepanaspis, Wood, 1860, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci., Coal Meas. [Sig. sickle

shield.]
dubium, syn. for L. rimosum.
elegans, was Lycopodiolithes elegans of

Sternberg in Tent. Flor. Prim,
icthyolepis, Wood, 1S60, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci., Coal Meas. [Sig. fish scale.]
inyens, syn. for L. aeuleatum.
lanceolatum, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal

Flora of Pa., Coal Meas. [Sig. lan-

ceolated.]
latifolium, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora

of Pa., Coal Meas. [Sig. wide leaved.]
lesquereuxi, Wood, syn. forL. aeuleatum.
longifolium, Brongniart, 1828, Prodr.

Hist. Veg. Foss., Coal Meas. [Sig.

long leaved.]
* magnum, Wood, 1860, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci., Coal Meas. [Sig. large.]
mammillatum syn. for L. veltheimanum.
mekiston syn. for L. modulatum.
oculatum syn. for L. distans.
oweni syn. for L. vestitum.
politum syn. for L. modulatum.
quadrangulatum, Schlotheim, 1821-23,

Petrefactenkunde, Coal Meas. [Sig.

quadrangular.]
quadrilaterale, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal

Flora of Pa., Coal Meas. [Sig. quad-
rilateral.]
rhombicum, Presl., 1833 (Bergeria

rhombica), in Sternberg, Flor. d.

Vorw., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig.

rhombic]
rugosum syn. for L. dichotomum.
scutatum, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora

of Pa., Coal Meas. [Sig. bearing

shields.]
squamiferum, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal

Flora of Pa., Coal Meas. [Sig. scale

bearing.]
tetragonum, Sternberg, 1821, Essai d'un

expose Geognostico-botanique de la

flore du monde primitif, 2 Cahier,

Coal Meas. [Sig. quadrangular.]
venustum, syn. for L. obtusum.
Lepidophloios ichthyoderma, Lesquereux,

1880, Coal Flora of Pa., Coal Meas.

[Sig. fish skinned.]
ichthyolepis , see Lepidodendron iehthyo-

lepis.
sigillarioides, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal

Flora of Pa., Coal Meas. [Sig. like

Sigillaria.]
Lepidophyllum foliaceum is Lepidostrobus

foliaceus.
lanceolatum is Lepidostrobus lanceola-

tus, and is Brongniart's species

1828, in Prodr. d. Hist. Veg. Foss.

VEGETABLE KINGDOM.

253

Lepipophyllum linearifolium, Lesquereux,

1880, Coal Flora of Pa., Coal Meas.

[Sig. having lined leaves.]
mansneldi, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora

of Pa., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper

name.]
morrisannra, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal

Flora of Pa., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper

name.]
trinerve is Brongniart's species, 1828, in

Prodr. d. Hist. d. Veg. Foss.
Lepidostrobvs aldrichi, Lesquereux,

1880, Coal Flora of Pa., Coal Meas.

[Ety. proper name.]
foliacvus instead of Lepidophyllum foli-

aceum.
goldenbergi, Schimper, 1872, Traite de

Pakeontologie Vegetale, vol. 2, p. 61.

Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name . ]
hastifulius should be L. hastatus. The

mistake is in Geo. Sur., 111., vdl. 2,

p. 45G.
ineertus, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora

of Pa., Coal Meas. [Sig. uncertain.]
lacoei, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora of

Pa., Coal Meas. [Ety proper name.]
lanceolatus instead of Lepidophyllum

lanceolatum.
mansneldi, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora

of Pa., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper

name.]
mirabilis, Newberry, 1873 (Polysporia

mirabilis), Ohio Pal., vol. 1, Lower

Coal Meas. [Sig. extraordinary.]
praelongus, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora

of Pa., Coal Meas. [Sig. very long.]
quadratus, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora

of Pa., Coal Meas. [Sig. quadrate.]
salisburyi, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora

of Pa., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper

name.]
spectabilis, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora

of Pa., Coal Meas. [Sig. remark-
able.]
Stachyoides, Wood, 1860, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci., Coal Meas. [Sig. like the

plant St achy s.]
Lepidoxylox, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal

Flora of Pa. [Ety. lepis, a scale;

xylon, wood.]
anomalum, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora

of Pa., CoalMeas. [Sig. anomalous.]
Lesccropteris adiantites instead of Neu-

ropteris adiantites.
Lesleya, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora of

Pa., CoalMeas. [Ety. proper name.]
grandis, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora

of Pa., Coal Meas. [Sig. grand.]
Licrophycus flabellum, Miller & Dyer,

1878, Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol.

1, Hud. Kiv. Gr. [Sig. a fan.]
Lycopodiolith.es eleaans, see Lepidoden-

dron elegans.
Lycopodites cavifolius instead of Selagin-

ites cavifolius.
ortoni, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora of

Pa., CoalMeas. [Ety. proper name. J
pendulus, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora

of Pa., Coal Meas. [Sig. hanging

down.]
Lycopodites strictus, Lesquereux, 1880,

Coal Flora of Pa., Coal Meas. [Sig.

pressed together.]
uncinnatus instead of Selaginites uncin-

natus.
vanuxemi, syn. for Plumalina plumaria,

which is a Graptolite.
Macrostachya, Shimper, 1869, Traite de

Palseontologie Vegetale, vol. 1, p. 332.

[Ety. makros, long ; Stachys, a plant.]
infundibuliformis, Brongniart, 1828

(Equisetum infundibuliforme). Hist.

Veg. Foss., Coal Meas. [Sig. funnel

shaped.]
Megalopteris abbreviata, Lesquereux,

1880, Coal Flora of Pa., Coal Meas.

[Sig. abbreviated.]
fasciculata, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora

of Pa., Coal Meas. [Sig. bundled.]
marginata, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora

of Pa., Coal Meas. [Sig. margined.]
southwelli, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora

of Pa., CoalMeas. [Ety. propername.]
Megaphyton goldenbergi, Weiss, 1860,

Zeitsch d. deutsch geol. Gesellsh

XII., CoalMeas. [Ety. proper name.]
grandeuryi, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal

Flora of Pa., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper

name.]
Myrianites is a trail.
Nemapodia is a trail.
Nematophyllum, Fontaine & White, 1880,

Perm, or Up. Carb. Flora. [Ety.

nema, thread; phyllon, a leaf.]
angustum, Fontaine & White, 1880,

Perm, or Up. Carb. Flora, Coal Meas.

or Permian. [Sig. narrow.]
Nereites is a trail.
Neuropteris acuminata, Schlotheim, 1820

(Filicites acuminatus), Petref., Coal

Meas. [Sig. acuminated ]
adiantites is Lescuropteris adiantites.
agassizi, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora

of Pa., Coal Meas. [Ety. propername.]
anomala, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora

of Pa., CoalMeas. [Sig. anomalous.]
aspera, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora of

Pa., Coal Meas. [Sig. rough.]
biformis, Lesquereux, 1880. Coal Flora

of Pa., Coal Meas. [Sig. two formed.]
callosa, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora of

Pa., Coal Meas. [Sig. thick skinned. ]
cordato-ovata, Weiss, 1877, Fossile Flora,

Coal Meas. [Sig. cordate-ovate.]
decipiens, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora

of Pa., Coal Meas. [Sig deceiving.]
dictyopteroides, Fontaine & White, 1880,

Perm, or Up. Carb. Flora, Coal

Meas. or Permian. [Sig. like

Dictyopteris .]
dilatata, Lindley & Hutton, 1835 (Cyclop-

teris dilatata), Foss. Flora, vol. 2,

CoalMeas. [Sig. dilated ]
elrodi, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora of

Pa., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
germari, Goeppert, 1836 (Adiantites

254

VEGETABLE KINGDOM.

germari), Systema Filicum fossilium,

Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
Neuropteris laciniata instead of Cyclop-

teris laciniata.
linnceifolia is a Triassic species,
missouriensis, Lesqnereux. 1880, Coal

Flora of Pa., Coal Meas. [Ety.

proper name.]
obscura, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora

of Pa., Coal Meas. [Sig. obscure.]
odontopteroides, Fontaine & White, 1880,

Perm, or Up. Carb. Flora, Coal Meas.

or Permian. [Sig. like Odontopteris.]
platynervis, Fontaine & White, 1880,

Perm, or Up. Carb. Flora, Coal

Meas. [Sig. flat nerved.]
smithsi, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora of

Pa., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
subfalcata, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora

of Pa., Coal Meas. [Sig. subfalcate.]
tenuinervis is Odontopteris tenuinervis.
Nosggerathia was described by Sternberg,

in 1820, in Essai d'un expose Geognos-

tico-botanique de la Flore du monde

primitif, 2 Cahier.
bockschiana is Archaeopteris bockschiana.
minor is Archaeopteris minor.
obliqua, Lesquereux, is Archaeopteris

obliqua.
obliqua, Gceppert is not an American

species.
obtusa is Archaeopteris obtusa.
Odontopteris abbreviata, Lesquereux,

1880, Coal Flora of Pa., Coal Meas.

[Sig. shortened.]
alpina, Sternberg, 1821-38 (Neuropteris

alpina), Versuch einer Geognost.-

botan. Darstellung der Flora der Vor-

welt., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Ety. proper

name.]
brardiis Ad., Brongniart's species, 1822,

in Class d. Veg. Foss.
cornuta, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora

of Pa., Coal Meas. [Sig. horned ]
crenulata, as first identified by Lesque-
reux, see O subcrenulata
deformata, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora

of Pa., Coal Meas. [Sig. deformed.]
densifolia, Fontaine & White, 1880, Perm.

or Up. Carb. Flora. Coal Meas. or

Perm. [Sig. dense leaved.]
lescurei, Wood, I860, Trans. Am. Phil.

Soc, vol. 13, Coal Meas. [Ety.

proper name ]
nervosa, Fontaine & White, 1880, Perm.

or Up Carb. Flora, Coal Meas. or

Perm. [Sig. full of veins.]
newberryi, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora

of Pa., Coal Meas [Ety. proper name.]
neuropteroides, being preoccupied by Roe-

mer, Lesquereux proposed O. new-
berryi, 1880, Coal Flora of Pa.
pachyderma. Fontaine & White, 1880,

Perm, or Up. Carb. Flora, Coal Mens.

or Permian. [Sig. thick skinned.]
rotundifolia. Wood. 18(56. Trans. Am.

Phil. Soc. vol. 13, Coal Meas. [Sig.

round leaved.]

Odontopteris sphenopteroides, Lesque-
reux, 1880, Coal Flora of Pa., Coal
Meas. [Sig. like Sphenopteris ]

squamosa, Dawson, 1881, Quar. Jour.
Geo. Soc , Lond., vol. 37, Devonian.
[Sig. scaly.]

subcrenulata, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal
Flora of Pa., Coal Meas. [Sig. some-
what crenulated.]

tenuinervis, instead of Neuropteris tenui-
nervis.
Oligocarpia, Gceppert, 1841-48, Die
Gattungen der fossilen Pflanzen.
[Ety. oligos, few; carpus, fruit.]

alabamensis, Lesquereux, 1875, Geol.
Rep. Ala., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper
name.]

flagellaris instead of Sphenopteris
flagellaris.

gutbieri, Gceppert, 1841-48, Die Gattun-
gen der fossilen Pfianzen, Coal Meas.
[Ety. proper name.]
Paljsochorda prima, Whitfield, 1877, Rep.
on the Pal. of the Black Hills, Pots-
dam Gr. [Sig. first.]
Pai^eophycus plumosuni, Whitfield, 1878,
Ann. Rep. Geo. Sur. Wis., Potsdam
Gr. [Sig. feathered.]

occidentale, Whitfield, 1877, Rep. on the
Pal. of the Black Hills, Potsdam Gr.
[Sig. western.]
PALiEOXYRis appendiculata is Spirangium
appendiculatum.

corrugata is Spirangium corrugatum.

prendeli is Spirangium prendeli.
Palmacites oculatus, see Sigillaria oeulata.

nceggerathi, see Trigonocarpum na*gger-
athi.
Pecopteris angustipinna, Fontaine &
White, 1880, Perm, or Up. Carb.
Flora, Coal Meas. or Permian. [Sig.
having narrow pinnae.]

arborescens is Schlotheim's species,
1820 (Filicites arborescens) Petref.

arguta is Sternberg's species in Tent.
Flor. Primord.

aspera, Brongniart, 1828, Prodr. d. Veg.
Foss., Coal Meas. [Sig. rough.]

asplenioides, Fontaine & White, 1880,
Perm, or Up. Carb. Flora, Coal Meas.
or Permian. [Sig. like A$ple»ium.]

bullata is a Triassic species.

clarki, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora of
Pa., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]

clintoni, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora
of Pa., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper
name.]

elliptica, Fontaine & White (Goniopteris
elliptica). The name was preoccupied.

germari, Weiss, 1869-72 (Cyatheites ger-
mari), Foss. Flora d. Jungsten Steink.
Form., Up. Coal Meas. or Permian.
[Ety. proper name.]

germari var. crassinervis, Fontaine &
White, 1880, Perm, or Up. ( 'arh. Flora,
Coal .Mens, or Permian. [Sig. thick
nerved.]

germari var. cuspidata, Fontaine &

VEGETABLE KINGDOM.

25.1

White, 1880, Perm, or Up. Carb.
Flora, Coal Meas. or Permian. [Sig.
toothed.]
Pecopteris goniopteroides, Fontaine &

White, 1880, Perm, or Up. Carb.
Flora, Coal Meas. or Permian. [Sig.
like Ooniopteris.]
halli instead of Alethopteris, halli.
heerana. Fontaine & White, 1880, Perm,
or Up. Carb. Flora, Coal Meas. or

Permian. [Ety. proper name.]
imbricate, Fontaine & White, Perm, or

Up. Carb. Flora, Coal Meas. [Sig.

imbricated.]
inclinata, Fontaine & White, 1880, Perm.

or Up. Carb. Flora, Coal Meas. [Sig.

inclined.]
lanceolate, Lesquereux, instead of

Alethopteris lanceolate.
Wmeeolata, Fontaine & White. The name

was preoccupied,
latifolia, Fontaine & White, 1880, Perm.

or Up. Carb. Flora, Coal Meas. [Sig.

wide leaved.]
lyratifolia, Goeppert, 1841-48 (Sphenop-

teris lyratifolia), Die Gattungen d

Foss. Pflanzen, Coal Meas. [Sig

having lyre-shaped leaves.]
marginata, see Alethopteris marginata.
merianopteroides, Fontaine & White,

1880, Perm, or Up. Carb. Flora, Coal

Meas. or Permian. [Sig. like Mer-

ianopteris.]
microphylla, Brongniart, 1828, Prodr. d.

Hist. Veg. Foss., Coal Meas. [Sig.

small leaved.]
miltoni, Artis, 1825 (Filicites miltoni),

Anted. Phytol., Coal Meas. [Ety.

proper name.]
murrayana is identified by Lesquereux,

Geo. Sur., Ill , vol. 2, see Sphenop-

teris pseudo-murrayana.
newberryana, Fontaine & White, 1880

(Goniopteris newberryana), Perm, or

Up. Carb. Flora, Coal Meas. or

Permian. [Ety. proper name.]
newberryi. refer to Pseudopecopteris

newberryi.
nodosa, Goeppert, 1836 (Aspidites no-

dosus), Systema Filicum Fossilium,

Upper Coal Meas. [Sig. nodose.]
oblonga, Fontaine & White, 1880 (Goni-
opteris oblonga), Perm, or Up. Carb.

Flora, Coal Meas. or Perm. [Sig. ob-
long.]
oroides, Fontaine & White, 1880, Perm.

or Up. Carb. Flora, Coal Meas. or

Permian. [Sig. somewhat ovoid.]
pachypteroides, Fontaine & White, 1880,

Perm, or Up. Carb. Flora, Coal Meas.

or Permian. [Sig. like Pachypteris.}
platynervis, Fontaine & White. 1880,

Perm, or Up. Carb. Flora, Coal Meas.

or Permian. [Sig. fiat nerved.]
platvrachis. Brongniart, 1828, Prodr. d.
Hist. d. Veg. Foss., Coal Meas. [Sig.

bavins; a fiac rachis.l

Pecopteris plumosa is Artis' species (Fili-
cites plumosa), 1825, Anted. Phytol.
pteroides instead of Alethopteris pter-

oides.
pzisilla is Pseudopecopteris pusilla.
quadratifolia, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal
Flora of Pa., Coal Meas. [Sig. quad-
rate leaved.]
rarinervis, Fontaine & White, 1880,
Permian or Up. Carb. Flora, Coal
Meas. or Permian. [Sig. rare veined.]
robusta, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora of

Pa., Coal Meas. [Sig. robust.]
rotundifolia, Fontaine & White, 1880,
Perm, or Up. Carb. Flora, Coal Meas.
or Permian. [Sig. round leaved.]
rotundiloba, Fontaine & White, 1880,
Perm, or Up. Carb. Flora, Coal Meas.
or Permian. [Sig. round lobed.]
schimperana. Fontaine & White, 1880,
Perm, or Up. Carb. Flora, Coal Meas.
or Permian. [Ety. proper name.]
serpillifolia, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal
Flora of Pa., Coal Meas. [Sig. thyme
leaved.]
serrula, Lesquereux, instead of Alethop-
teris serrula.
shcefferi is Pseudopecopteris shaefferi.
sillimani is Pseudopecopteris sillimani.
solida instead of Alethopteris solida.
stellata instead of Alethopteris stellata.
subfalcata, Fontaine & White, 1880,
Perm, or Up. Carb. Flora, Coal Meas.
or Permian. [Sig. somewhat falcate.]
tenuinervis, Fontaine & White, 1880,
Perm, or Up. Carb. Flora, Coal Meas.
or Permian. [Sig. fine veined.]
venulosa, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora
of Pa., Coal Meas. [Sig. full of small
veins.]
vestita, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora of
Pa., Coal Meas. [Sig. clothed.]
Physophycus marginatus is Taonurus mar-

ginatus.
Phytolithus cancellatus is Lepidodendron

veltheimianum.
Polyporites mirabilis is a mistake and may be
erased.
polysporus is a mistakeand may be erased.
Polyspora is a syn. for Lepidostrobus.

mirabilis is Lepidostrobus mirabilis.
Protoblechxum, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal
Flora of Pa. [Ety. protos, first;
Blechnum, a genus.]
holdeni instead of Alethopteris holdeni.
Protostigma, Lesquereux, 1877, Proc. Am.
Phil. Soc. [Sig. protos, first; stigma,
a brand or dot.]
sigillarioides, Lesquereux, 1877, Proc.
Am. Fhil. Soc, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig.
like Sigillaria.]
Pseudopecopteris, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal
Flora of Pa. [Ety. pseudos, false;
Pecopteris, a genus.]
abbreviate instead of Sphenopteris. ab-
breviate,
acuta instead of Sphenopteris acuta,

256

VEGETABLE KINGDOM.

Pseudopecopteris anceps, Lesquereux,
1880, Coal Flora of Fa., Coal Meas.
[Sig. double.]

eallosa instead of Fecopteris eallosa.

cordato-ovata, Weiss, 1869-22 (Neurop-
teris cordata-ovata) , Foss. Flor. d.
jungst. steink. form., Coal Meas.
[Sig. cordate ovate.]

decipiens instead of Sphenopteris de-
cipiens.

decurrens instead of Fecopteries de-
currens, Lesquereux.

denudata, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora
of Pa., Coal Meas. [Sig. denuded.]

dimorpha, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora
of Pa., Coal Meas. [Sig. two-formed.]

glandulosa instead of Sphenopteris
glandulosa.

hymenophylloides instead of Alethop-
teris hymenophylloides.

irregularis instead of Sphenopteris irreg-
ularis.

latifolia instead of Sphenopteris latifolia.

macilenta instead of Sphenopteris ma-
cilenta.

mazonana instead of Alethopteris ma-
zonana.

muricata instead of Alethopteris muri-
cata.

nervosa instead of Alethopteris nervosa.

newberryi instead of Sphenopteris new-
berry i.

pluckeneti instead of Alethopteris
pluckeneti.

polyphylla instead of Sphenopteris
polyphylla.

pusilla instead of Pecopteris pusilla.

shaefferi instead of Pecopteris shaefferi.

sillimani instead of Pecopteris sillimani.

speciosa, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora
of Pa., Coal Meas. [Sig. beautiful.]

spinulosa instead of Alethopteris spinu-
losa.

subcrenulata, Lesquereux, 1830, Coal
Flora of Pa., Coal Meas. [Sig. some-
what crenulated.]

subnervosaRcemer, F. A., 1860, Palaeon-
tographica, vol 9, Coal Meas. [Sig.
somewhat veiny.]

trifoliata instead of Sphenopteris tri-
foliata, and credit to Artis, 1825 (Fili-
cites trifoliatus) Anted. Phytol.

virginiana instead of Cyclopteris virgin-
iana.
Fsilophyton cornutum, Lesquereux, 1877,
Proc. Am. Phil. Soc, Low. Held.Gr.
[Sig. horned.]

gracillimum, see Dendrograptus gracilli-
mus.

princeps, var. ornatum, Dawson, 1871,

Foss. Plants, Devonian. [Sig. ornate.]

1'tilocarpus bicornutus, see Cardiocarpon bi-

cornutum.
Ptilophyton, Dawson, 1878, Scottish Devo-
nian Plants. [Ety. ptUon, a wing;

, phi/ton, a plant.] This name is pro-
posed for Lycopodites vanuxemi, which
is Plumalina plumaria, and L. plumu-

la. If the types are not Graptolites,

the genus may stand.
Rhabdocarpus apiculatus, syn. for R. cari-

natus.
costatus, syn. for R. acuminatum,
cornutus, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora

of Pa., Coal Meas. [Sig. horned.]
howardi, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora

of Pa., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper

name.]
insignis, Lesquereux, 1880. The name

having been preoccupied by Dawson,

see R. lescuriana.
jacksonensis instead of Carpolithes jack-

sonensis.
lescurianus, n. sp. Coal Meas. Proposed

instead of R. insignis, Lesquereux,

1880, Coal Flora of Pa., p. 575, pi. 85,

fig. 26.
mammillatus is Cardiocarpon mammilla-
turn,
multistriatus instead of Carpolithes mul-

tistriatus.
oblongus, Fontaine & White, 1880, Perm.

or Up. Carb. Flora, Coal Meas. or

Perm . [ Sig. oblong . ]
platimarginatus instead of Carpolithes

platimarginatus .
Rhachiopteris affinis instead of Stigmari-

oides affinis.
selago instead of Stigmarioides selago.
Rhacophyllum adnascens instead of

Hymenophyllites adnascens.
arborescens instead of Hymenophyllites

arborescens.
clarki instead of Hymenophyllites clarki.
cornutum, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora

of Pa., Coal. Meas. [Sig. horned.]
corallum, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora

of Pa., Coal Meas. [Sig. a coral.]
expansum, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora

of Pa., Coal Meas. [Sig. expanded.]
filiciforme, Gutbier, 1842 (Fucoides fili-

ciformis). Abdr. u. Verst. d. zwick-

aur schwarzk, u. sein. Ungeb., Coal

Mens. [Sig fern like.]
flabellatum, Sternberg, 1821-38 (Aphle-

bia fiabellata), Flora der Vorwelt,

vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. fan like.]
fucoideum, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora

of Pa , Coal Meas. [Sig. fucus like.]
hamulosum, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal

Flora of Pa., Coal Meas. [Sig. full

of hooks ]
inflatum instead of Hymenophyllites in-

flatus.
irregulare, Germar, 1844 (Aphlebia

irregularis), Verst d. Steink. v.

Wettin u Lobejiin, Coal Meas. [Sig.

irregular.]
laciniatum, Fontaine & White, 1880,

Perm, or Up. Carb. Flora, Coal

Meas. or Permian. [Sig. jagged.]
membranaceum, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal

Flora of Pa.. Coal Meas. [Sig. mem-
branaceous.]
molle, instead of Hymenophyllites mollis.

VEGETABLE KINGDOM.

2.->;

Ehacophylum scolopendrites instead of

Scolopendrites dentatus.

spinosum, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora

of Pa., CoalMeas. [Sig. full of spines. J

strongi instead of Hymenophyllites

strongi.
thalliforme instead of Hymenophyllites

thalliformis.
trichoideum, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal
Flora of Pa., Coal Meas. [Sig. hair-
like.]
truncatum, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora
of Pa., Coal Meas. [Sig. truncated.]
Hhizomorpha sigillarle, Lesquereux,

1877, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., CoalMeas.
[Sig. of Sigillaria.]

Rusophycus asperum, Miller & Dyer,

1878, Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol.
1, Utica Slate. [Sig. rough. J

Sapori\ea, Fontaine & White, 1880, Perm.

or Up. Carb. Flora. [Ety. proper

name.]
grandifolia, Fontaine & White, 1880,

Perm, or Up. Carb. Flora, Coal Meas.

or Permian. [Sig. large leaved.]
salisburioides, Fontaine & White, 1880,

Perm, or Up. Carb. Flora, Coal Meas.

or Permian. [Sig. like Salisburia.]
Schutzia bracteata refer to Cordaianthus

bracteatus.
Scolithus has no place among the plants. It

represents the work of a borer, and is

referred therefore to the Annelida.
Scolopendrites dentatus is Rhacophyllum

scolopendrites.
Sdaginites cavifolius is Lycopodites cavi-
folius.
crassus is a syn. for Lycopodites cavi-
folius.
forrnosus is not a plant. It was founded

upon fragments of a crustacean.

uncinnatus is Lycopodites uncinnatus.

Sigillaria acuminata, Newberry, 1874,

Proc. Cleveland Acad. Sci., Coal

Meas. [Sig. pointed.]
alveolaris is Sternberg's species (Lepi-

dodendron alveolare), 1820 in essai

d'un expose Geognostico-botanique

de la Flore du monde primitif. 1st

cahier.
approximata, Fontaine & White, 1880,

Perm, or Up. Carb. Flora, Coal Meas.

or Permian.. [Sig near to.]
bieroei, syn. for S. ichthyolepis.
brardi was described in 1822. Class d.

Veg. Foss.
brongniarti, Geinitz, 1855. Die Verst.

d. Steink. form. Sachsen , Coal Meas.

[Ety. proper name ]
cancellata, syn. for Lepidodendron vel-

theimianum.
chemungensis is Lepidodendron chemung-

ense.
eortei, Brongniart, 1828, Prodr. d. Hist.

d. Veg. Foss., Coal Meas. [Ety. prop-
er name.]
cuspidate, Brongniart, 1828, Prodr. d.

Hist. d. Veg. Foss., Coal Meas. [Sig.

pointed.]
Sigillaria dentate, Newberry, 1874, Proc.

Cleveland Acad. Sci., Coal Meas.

[Sig. toothed.]
elegans is Sternberg's species (Favularia

elegans) in Tent. flor. primord.
hexagona, Schlotheim, 1820 (Palmacites

hexagonatus), Petref., Coal Meas.

[Sig. hexagonal.]
ichthyolepis, Sternberg, 1821-38, Flor.

d. Vorw., Coal Meas. [Sig. fish-
scaled.]
lacoei, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora of

Pa., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
leioderma, Brongniart, 1828-44, Hist. d.

Veg. Foss., Coal Meas. [Sig. smooth

skinned.]
leptoderma, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora

of Pa., CoalMeas. [Sig. thin skinned.]
lorenzi, Lesquereux, 1^80, Coal Flora of

Pa., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
mammillaris, Brongniart, 1828-44, Hist.

d. Veg. Foss. Coal Meas. [Sig. mam-

illated.]
marginata, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora

of Pa., Coal Meas. [Sig. margined.]
marineria, Hildreth, 1837, Am Jour.

Sci. & Arts, vol. 31, Low. Coal Meas.

[Ety. proper name.]
martini may be erased,
oculata is Schlotheim's species (Palm-
acites oculatus), 1820, Petref.
orbicularis, Brongniart, 1828, Prodr. d.

Hist. d. Veg. Foss., Coal Meas. [Sig.

orbicular.]
ornithicnoides, Wood, 1866, Trans. Am.

Phil. Soc, vol. 13, Coal Meas. [Sig.

like bird tracks.]
ovalis, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora of

Pa., Coal Meas. [Sig. oval.]
oweni, see Didymophyllum oweni.
perplexa, Wood, 1866, Trans. Am. Phil.

Soc, vol. 13, Coal Meas. [Sig. per-
plexing. ]
pittstonana, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal

Flora of Pa., Coal Meas. [Ety.
' proper name.]
pulchra, Newberry, 1874, Proc. Cleve-
land Acad. Sci., Coal Meas. [Sig.

beautiful.]
reticulata, Steinhaur, may be erased and

reticulata, Lesquereux, restored.
solanus, Wood, 1860, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci., Coal Meas [solanus, in text;

solenotus, on plate ; solena, in Trans.

Am. Phil. Soc. vol. 13.]
tes6ellata, Steinhaur, is correct, but tess-

ellata. Brongniart, may be struck out

as he did not claim the name,
voltzi, Brongniart, 1828, Prodr. d. Hist.

d. Veg Foss., Coal Meas. [Ety.

proper name.]
williamsi, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora

of Pa., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper

name ]
yardleyi was described by Lesquereux.

in 1858, in Catal. Potts. Foss.

258

VEGETABLE KINGDOM.

Sigillarioides stellatus, refer to Stigmaria

stellata.
Solenoula, Wood, 1860, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci., vol. 2. [Ety. solen, a channel;

oulos, entire.]
psilophloeus, Wood, 1860, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci., Coal. Meas. [Sig. smooth

barked.]
Sokocladus, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora

of Pa. [Ety. soros, a heap, one of

the fruit dots on the back of the

frond; klado, to break in pieces.]
asteroides instead of Staphylopteris

asteroides.
ophioglossoides, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal

Flora of Pa., Coal Meas. [Sig. like

Ophioglossus.]
sagittatus instead of Staphylopteris

sagittata.
stellatus instead of Staphylopteris stell-
ata.
wortheni instead of Staphylopteris

wortheni.
SrHENOPHYLLUM densifoliatum, Fontaine &

White, 1880, Perm, or Up. Curb.

Flora, Coal Meas. or Permian. [Sig.

dense leaved. ]
fontainianum, n. sp., Upper Coal Meas.

or Permian. Proposed instead of

S. latifolium of Fontaine & White,

in Perm, or Up. Carb. Floi'a, p. 36,

pi. 1, figs. 10 & 11.
latifolium, Wood, 1866, Trans Am. Phil.

Soc, vol. 13, Coal Meas. [Sig. wide

leaved.]
latifolium, Fontaine & White, 1880,Perm.

or Up. Carb. Flora. The name was

preoccupied. See S. fontainianum.
primcevum, Lesquereux, 1877, Proc. Am.

Phil. Soc, Hud. Riv. Gr. I think there

is no probability that this is a plant,
tenuifolium, Fontaine & White 1880,

Perm, or Up. Carb. Flora. Coal Meas.

or Permian. [Sig. slender leaved.]
Sphenopteris abbreviate/,, refer to Pseudo-
pecopteris abbreviata.
acrocarpa, Fontaine & White, 1880,

Perm, or Up. Carb. Flora, Coal Meas.

or Permian. [Sig. pointed fruit]
acuta, refer to Pseudopecopteris acuta.
alabamensis , refer to Oligocarpia alabam-

ensis.
auriculata, Fontaine & White, 1880,

Perm, or Up. Carb. Flora. Coal Meas.

or Permian. [Sig. auriculated.]
ballantini instead of Hymenophyllites

ballantini.
britsi, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora of

Pa., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name. ]
chaerophylloides instead of Pecopteris

chaerophylloides .
coriacea, Fontaine & White. 1880, Perm.

or Up. Carb. Flora, Coal Meas. or Per-
mian. [Sig. coriaceous.]
cristata, Sternberg, 1821-38, Flor. d.

Vorw., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig. tufted.]
decipiens, refer to Pseudopecopteris de-

cipiens.

Sphkxopteris dentata, Fontaine & White,

1880, Perm, or Up. Carb. Flora, Coal

Meas. or Permian. [Sig. toothed.]
flaecida, Crepin, 1874, Bull. Acad. Roy.

of Belgium, Sub-carboniferous. [Sig.

flaccid.]
flagellaris refer to Oligocarpia flagellars,
flexicaulis instead of Hymenophyllites

flexicaulis. .

foliosa, Fontaine & White, 1880, Perm.

or Up. Carb. Flora, Coal Meas. or

Permian. [Sig. leafy.]
fui-cata instead of Hymenophyllites fur-

catus
glandulosa, refer to Pseudopecopteris

glandulosa.
goniopteroides, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal

Flora of Pa., Coal Meas. [Sig. like

Goniopteris .]
hastata, Fontaine & White. 1880. Perm.

or Up. Carb. Flora, Coal Meas. or

Permian. [Sig. armed with a spear.]
hildrethi instead of Hymenophvllites

hildrethi.
intermedia, Lesquereux, The name was

preoccupied in 1852 by Ettingshausen.

It is now described as S. mediana.
irregularis, refer to Pseudopecopteris

irregularis,
larischi, Stur, 1877 (Calymmotheca

larischi), Culm. Flor. d. Ostr. u.

Waldenburger Sehichten, Coal Meas.

[Ety. proper name.]
lati folia, refer to Pseudopecopteris lati-

folia.
laxa, Hall, is Archax>pteris hallana.
lescuriana, Fontaine & White, 1880,

Perm, or Up. Carb. Flora, Coal Meas.

or Permian. [Ety. proper name.]
linearis, Sternberg, Tent. flor. prim. p.

15, tab. 42, flg. 4, Lower Coal Meas.

[Sig. lined.]
maoilenta, refer to Pseudopecopteris

niaeilenta.
mediana, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora

of Pa., Coal Meas. [Sig middle.]

Proposed instead of S. intermedia,
microearpa. Lesquereux, 1880, Coal

Flora of Pa., Coal Meas. [Sig. small

fruited.]
minutisecta, Fontaine & White, 1880,

Perm or Up. Carb. Flora, Coal

Meas. or Permian. [Sig. finely

marked.]
newberryi refer to Pseudopecopteris

newberryi.
pachynervis, Fontaine & White, 1880,

Perm, or Up. Carb. Flora, Coal Meas.

or Permian. [Sig. thick veined.]
pilosa, refer to Callipteris pilosa.
polyphylla, refer to Pseudopecopteris

polyphylla.
pseudomurrayana, Lesquereux, 1880,

Coal Flora of Pa., Coal Meas. [Sig.

from its resemblance to Pecopteris

murrayana.]
pterota, Wood, 1866, Trans. Am. Phil.

VEGETABLE KINGDOM.

Soc., vol. 13, Coal Meas. [Sig.

feathered.]
M'iJK.voPTEBis quercifolia, Gceppert, 1836,

Systema Filicum fossilium, Coal
•■is. [Sig. oak leaved.]
spinosa instead of Hymenophyllites

r-pinosus.
squamosa is Pseudopecopteris anceps.
x subalata, Weiss, 1869-72, Foss. Flor.

d. jungst. Steink. form., Coal Meas.

[Sig. somewhat alate.]
trichomanoides instead of Hymen-
ophyllites trichomanoides.
tridaetjiites instead of Hymenophyllites

tri dactylites.
Etete, refer to Pseudopecopteris tri-

foliata and to Artis (Filicites tri-

foliatus), 1825, Antediluvian Phy-

tology.
Sn&Ajreifaf, Schimper, 1874, Traite de

Palaeontologie Vegetale. [Ety. from

the coiled and twisted marking

around the pod or vegetable sub-
stance.]
appendieulatum instead of Palaeoxyris

appendiculata.
corrugatum instead of Palaeoxyris cor-

rugata.
intermedium, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal

Flora of Pa., Coal Meas. [Sig. in-
termediate.]
multiplicatum, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal

Flora of Pa., Coal Meas. [Sig. many

plicated.]
prendeli instead of Palaeoxyris prendeli.
SpirophyUm, Hall, is classed by Prof. Les-
quereux as a synonym for Taonurus.
Sporaxgites acuminatum instead of Annu-

laria acuminata,
huronensis, Dawson, 1871, Am. Jour. Sci.

& Arts, Ham. Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
Sporoc YSTis, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora

of Pa. [Ety. sporos, seed; kustis,

bladder.]
planus, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora of

Pa., Coal Meas. {Sig. even.]
Staph vloptekis nsteroides, S. sagittata, 8.

stelloto, and 8. irortheni, are referred

to the genus Sorocladus.
>jemmatopteris, Corda, 1845, Beitrage zur

Flora der Vorwelt. [Ety. stemmatos,

a wreath: ptf/ris, a fern-]
angustata, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora

of Pa., Coal Meas. [Sig. narrowed.]
eyclostigma, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal

Flora of Pa , Coal Meas. [Sig. round

dotted.]
emarginata, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal

Flora of Pa.. Coal Meas. [Sig.emar-

ginated.]
gigantea. instead of Caulopteris gigantea.
liir-utii. Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora of

Pa., Coal Meas. [Sig. hairy.]
insignis. instead of Caulopteris insignis.
mimica, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora of

Pa., Coal Meas. [Sig. mimic.]

Stemmatopteris polita, Lesquereux, 1880,

Coal Flora of Pa., Coal Meas. [Sig.

polished.]
punctata, instead of Caulopteris punc-
tata,
schimperi, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora

of Pa., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper

name.]
squamosa, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora

of Pa., Coal Meas. [Sig. scaly.]
wortheni, instead of Caulopteris worth-

eni.
Stiomaria amoena, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal

Flora of Pa., Coal Meas. [Sig.

charming.]
stellaris instead of Sigillarioides stellaris.
Stigmarioides affinis, refer to Rhachiop-

teris affinis.
selago, refer to Rhachiopteris selago.
Strobilus caryophyllus, Hildreth, 1837, Am.

Jour. Sci. & Arte, vol. 31, Coal Meas.
Syrestgodexdrox was described by Stern-
berg in 1820 in Essai d'un expose

Geognostico-botanique de la Flore

du monde primitif. 1st cahier, and S.

pes-capreoli was also described,
brongniarti, Geinitz, 1855 (Sigillaria

brongniarti), Verst. d. Steink. form.

in Sachsen, Coal Meas. [Ety. proper

name.]
gracile is from the Waverly Group,
kirtlandium, Hildreth, 1837, Am. Jour.

Sci. & Arts, vol. 31, Coal Meas. [Ety.

proper name.]
magnificum, Wood, 1866, Trans. Am.

Phil. Soc., vol. 13, Coal Meas. [Sig.

magnificent.]
pachyderma instead of Sigillaria pachy-

derma.
T^ExioPHYLLfM, Lesquereux, 1878, Proc.

Am. Phil. Soc. [Ety. tainia, a ribbon ;

phyllon, a leaf.]
contextum, Lesquereux, 1878, Proc.

Am. Phil. Soc., Coal Meas. [Sig.

entwined.]
decurrens. Lesquereux, 1878, Proc. Am.

Phil. Soc., Coal Meas. [Sig. extend-
ing downward.]
deflexum, Lesquereux, 1878, Proc. Am.

Phil. Soc., Coal Meas. [Sig. bent

down ward, j
T.EXIOPTKRIS lescuriana, Fontaine & White, '

1880, Perm, or Up. Carb. Flora, Coal

Meas. or Permian. [Ety. proper

name.]
magnifolia is a Jurassic species,
newberryana, Fontaine & White, 1880,

Perm, or Up. Carb. Flora, Coal Meas.

or Permian. [Ety. proper name.]
smithi, Lesquereux, 1875, Geol. Rep. of

Ala., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper

name.]
Taoxurus, Fisher-Ooster, 1858, Foss.

Fucoiden d. Schweizer Alpen. [Ety.

toon, a peacock; oura, tail.]
cauda-galli instead of Spirophyton cauda-

galli. according to Lesquereux.
colletti instead of Chondrites eolletti.

PROTISTA.

Taonurus crassus instead of Spirophyton

crassum.
marginatus instead of Caulerpites marg-

inatus.
typus instead of Spirophyton typus.
velum instead of Spirophyton velum.
Trichophycus, Miller & Dyer, 1878, Jour.

Cin. Soc. Nat Hist., vol. 1. [Ety.

trichos, hair; phukos, sea weed.]
lanosum, Miller & Dyer, 1878, Jour.

Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 1, Hud.

Riv. Gr. [Sig. woolly.]
sulcatum, Miller & Dyer, 1878. Cont. to

Pal., No. 2, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig.

furrowed.]
venosum, S. A. Miller, 1879, Jour. Cin.

Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 2, Hud. Riv. Gr.

[Sig. veiny.]
Trigonocarpum giffordi, Lesquereux, 1880,

Coal Flora of Pa., Coal Meas. [Ety.

proper name.]
nceggerathi is Sternberg's species (Palma-

cites noeggerathi), Tent. nor. primord.
saffordi, Lesquereux,. 1880, Coal Flora of

Pa., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
Triphyllopteris, Schimper, 1874, Traite

de Pal. Veg. [Ety. tria, three ; phyllon,

a leaf; pteris, a fern.]
lescuriana instead of Cyclopteris lescu-

riana.

Trochophyllum was used by Edwards &

Haime for a genus of Corals in 1851 ,

and hence was preoccupied before

Wood suggested its use instead of

Annularia.
clavatum, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal

Flora of Pa., Coal Meas. [Sig.

knotted.]
lineare, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora

of Pa., Coal Meas [Sig. linear.]
Ulodendron commutatum, Schimper,

1874, Traite de Pal. Veg., Coal Meas.

[Sig. changed.]
flexuosum, see Halonia flexuosa.
Uphantosnia is referred to the Class Porifera.
Walchia gracilis was published in 1863,

Can. Nat., vol. 8, and is the same as

Araucarites gracilis. W robusta in

1871, in Rep. on Prince Edward's

Island. *

Whittlesey a was described as well as W.

elegans, in 1874, in Proc. Cleveland

Acad. Nat. Sci.
integrifolia, Lesquereux, 1830, Coal

Flora of Pa., Coal. Meas. [Sig.

whole leaved.]
undulata, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora

of Pa., Coal Meas. [Sig. undulated.]
Zamites gramineus and Z. obtusifolius are

Triassic species.

ANIMAL KINGDOM.

SUBKINGDOM PROTISTA.

Arch^ocyathellus, Ford, 1873, Am.
Jour. Sci. & Arts, 3d ser., vol. 6. A
proposed subgenus of Archaeocya-
thus, founded upon A. rensselsericus.

Astroconia, Sollas 1881, Lond. Quar. Jour.
Geo. Soc, vol. 37. [Ety. aster, a
star; konia, dust.]
granti, Sollas, 1881, Lond. Quar. Jour.
Geo. Soc, vol. 37, Niagara Gr. [Ety.
proper name ]

Astylospongia, prsemorsa, var. nuxmo-
schata, Hall, 1876, 28th Reg. Rep.,
Niagara Gr. [Sig. nutmeg.]

Beatricea (p. 165) is a sponge, and should
have been placed in this subkingdom.

Calcarina, D'Orbigny, 18262 Tableau Me-
thodique de la classe des Cephalo-
podes in Annales des Sciences Natur-
elles,Tome 7. [Ety. calcis, limestone.]
ambigua, Brady, 1876, Monograph of
Carboniferous and Permian foramin-
ifera, Carboniferous. [Sig. ambigu-
ous.]

Calcisph^era, Williamson, 1880, Mem. Org.

of the Plants of the Coal Meas., pt.

10. [Ety. calcis, limestone; sphtera,

a sphere.]

robusta, Williamson, 1880, Mem. Org.

Plnnts, Coal Meas., Corniferous Gr.

[Sig. robust.]
Cyathophycus, Walcott, 1879, Trans. Alb.

Inst., vol. 10. [Ety. kuatkos, a cup;

phukos, a sea weed.] This genus is

now supposed to represent sponges,
reticulatum, Walcott, 1879, Trans. Alb.

Inst., vol. 10, Utica Slate Gr. [Sig.

reticulated.]
subsphericum, Walcott, 1879, Trans.

Alb Inst., vol. 10, Utica Slate Gr.

[Sig. somewhat spherical.]
Cyathospongia, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals,

Niagara and Up. Held. Gr. [Ety.

kuathos, a cup; spongia, a sponge.]
excrescens, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals, Ni-
agara and Up. Held. Gr., Niagara Gr.

[Sig. growing up preternaturally.]
Dictyophyton catilliforme. Whitfield, 1881,

Bull. No. 1, Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.,

Keokuk Gr. [Sig. dish like]
cylindricum, Whitfield, 1881, Bull No.

1, Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., Keokuk Gr.

[Sig. cyclindrical.]
Dystactospoxgia, S. A. Miller, 1882, Jour.

Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 5. [Ety.

dystaktos, hard to arrange; spongia, a

sponge]

PROTISTA.

261

Dystactospoxgia insolens, S. A. Miller,

1882, Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol.

5, Hud. Eiv. Gr. [Sig. unusual.]
Exdothyra, Phillips, 1845, Proc. Geol. &

Polytech, Soc. W. Riding Yorks, vol.

2. [Ety. endo», within; thura, a

door.]
haileyi instead of Rotalia baileyi.
FusiLiXAhyperborea, Salter, 1855, Belcher's-

last Arctic Voyage, vol. 2, Carbonifer-
ous. [Sig. very far north.]
Hixdsia, Duncan, 1879, Ann. & Mag. Nat.

Hist., 5th ser., vol. 4. [Ety. proper

name ]
sphaeroidalis, Duncan, 1879, Ann. & Mag.

Nat. Hist., 5th ser.,. vol. 4, Low. Held.

Gr. [Sig. sphaeroiclal.]
Ischadites tessellatus see Receptaculites

tessellatus.
Lepidolites, Ulrich, 1879, Jour. Cin. Soc.

Nat. Hist., vol. 2. [Ety. lepis, scale;

lit has, stone.]
dickhauti. Ulrich, 1879, Jour. Cin. Soc.

Nat. Hist., vol. 2, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Ety.

proper name.] Another specimen he

called L. elonyatus, without charac-
ters to distinguish it. The Specimens

are very poor, and unless they are

spongoid and related to Cyathophy-

cus, the name may as well be erased

for want of definition.
Loftusia, Carpenter & Brady, 1869, Trans

Royal Soc. [Ety. proper name.]
columbiana, Dawson, 1879, Quar. Jour.

Geo. Soc, vol. 35, Up. Carb. [Ety.

proper name.]
Microspoxgia, Miller & Dyer, 1878, Jour.

Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist , vol. 1. [Ety.

mikros, small; spongia,& sponge.]
gregaria, Miller & Dver, 1878, Jour.

(in. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 1, Hud.

Riv. Gr. [Sig. belonging to a flock.]
Nodosixelea, Brady, 1876, Monograph,

Carb. & Perm, foraminifera. [Ety.

nodus, a knot.]
priscilla instead of Dentalina priscilla.
Pae.eacis cuneiformis, Milne-Edwards,

1860, Hist. Nat. d. Corollaires, vol. 3,

Warsaw Gr. [Sig. wedge formed.]
cuneatus is a syn. for P. cuneiformis,

and P. compressus and P. enormis,

should be dated 1860.
Pal.eomanox craters should be referred to

the Niagara Gr.
Pattersoxia, S. A. Miller, 1882, Jour. Cin.

Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 5 [Ety. proper

name.]
diflicilis, S. A. Miller, 1882, Jour. Cin.

Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 5, Hud. Riv. Gr.

[Sig. difficult ]
Protocyathus, Ford, 1878, Am. Jour. Sci.

& Arts, 3d ser., vol. 15. [Ety. pro-

tos, first; kuathos, a cup.]
raruB, Ford, 1878, Am. Jour. Sci. &

Arts, 3d ser., vol. 15, Low. Potsdam

Gr. [Sig. rare.]

Receptaculites arcticus, Etheridge, 1878,
Quar. Jour. Geo. Soc, vol. 34, Siluri-
an. [Sig. arctic]
circularis, Emmons, 1856, Am. Geol.,

Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. circular.]
devonicus, Whitfield, 1882, Desc. new
species Foss. from Ohio, Up. Held.
Gr. [Sig Devonian.]
iowensis, should be referred to the Tren-
ton Gr.
sacculus, Hall, 1879, Desc. new species
Foss. from Waldron, Ind., Niagara
Gr. [Sig. a little bag.]
tessellatus, Winchell & Marcy, 1865,
Mem. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 1,
Niagara Gr. [Sig. checkered.]

Rotalia baileyi refer to Endothyra baileyi.

Saccammixa, Sars, 1868, Vidensk-Selsk.
Forhandl. [Ety. diminutive of sakkos,
a bag.]
eriana, Dawson, 1881, Can. Nac, vol. 10,
syn. for Calcisphsera robusta.

Strom atocerium richmondense, S. A.
Miller, 1882, Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat.
Hist., vol. 5, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]

Stromatopora should be referred to this
subkingdom. In 1867, Proc. Am.
Ass. Ad. Sci., Winchell proposed the
subgenus Cainostroma to include S.
monticulifera, S. polymorpha, S. pus-
tulosa, S. radiosa, and S. ramosa; and
the subgenus Idiostroma to include
S. ccespitosa, and a proposed species
S. gordiaceum.
hindi is from the Niagara Gr.
nulliporoides, Nicholson, 1875, Pal.
Prov. Ont., Ham. Gr. [Sig. like
Nullipora.]

Textilaria pakeotrochus see Valvulina palseo-
trochus.

Uphaxtjexia, dawsoni, Whitfield, 1881,
Am. Jour. Sci. & Arts; hIso, Bull.
No. 1, Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., Keokuk
Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

Valvtjlixa, D'Orbigny, 1826, Tabl. Method,
d. 1. Classe d. Cephalopodes. [Ety.
valva, a door. ]
bulloides, Brady, 1876, Monog. Carb. &
Perm, foraminifera, Carboniferous.
[Sig. like a bubble.]
decurrens, Brady, 1878, Mem. Geo. Sur.
Scotland, Carboniferous. [Sig. ex-
tending down.]
palaeotrochus, Ehrenberg. 1857 (Texti-
laria palaeotrochus), Mikrogeologie,
Carboniferous. [Sig. ancient Tro-
chus.]
plicata, Brady, 1873, Mem. Geo. Sur.
Scotland, Carboniferous. [Sig. pli-

rudis, Brady, 1876, Monog. Carb. &
Perm, foraminifera, Carboniferous.
[Sig. rude ]

262

POLYPI.

SUBKINGDOM RADIATA.

CLASS POLYPI.

Acanthograptus, Spencer, 1878, Can. Nat.
vol. 8. [Ety. akantha, spine; grapho,
to write.]

granti, Spencer, 1878, Can. Nat., vol. 8,
Niagara Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Acervtjlaria adjunctive, White, 1880,
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 2, Car-
boniferous. [Sig. joined.]

pentagona, Goldfuss, 1826 (Cyathophyl-
lum pentagonum), Petref. Germ., De-
vonian. [Sig. pentagonal.]
Acrophyllum clarki, Davis (In press),
Foss. Corals of Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky.
St. Geo. Sur., Upper Devonian. [Ety.
proper name.]

ellipticum, Davis (In press), Foss. Corals
of Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St. Geo.
Sur., Lower Devonian. [Sig. ellip-
tical].
Alveolites arctica, Woodward, 1879, Lond.
Geo. Mag. n. s. vol. 5, Devonian.
[Sig. arctic]

constans, Davis (In press), Foss. Corals
of Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St. Geo.
Sur., Lower Devonian. [Sig. reg-
ular, unchangeable.]

exsul, refer to Callopora exsul.

fibrosus, Davis (In press), Foss. Corals
of Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St. Geo.
Sur., Niagara Gr.[Sig. fibrous.]

fischeri (which is Pachypora fischeri),
A. goldfussi, and A. roemeri, should
be dated 1860, Can. Jour. vol. 5, and
are from Ham. Gr.

frondosus, refer to Pachypora frondosa.

irregularis, Whitfield, 1878, Ann. Rep.
Geo. Sur. Wis., Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig.
irregular.]

louisvillensis, Davis (In press) Foss.
Corals of Ky , in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St.
Geo. Sur., Niagara Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]

minimus, Davis (In press), Foss. Corals
ofKy.,in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St. Geo.
Sur., Lower Devonian. [Sig. small-
est.]

mordax, Davis (In press), Foss. Corals
ofKy.,in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St. Geo.
Sur., Lower Devonian. [Sig. rough
as a rasp.] \

multilamella, Meek, 1877, U. S. Geo.
Sur., 40th Parallel, vol. 4, Devonian.
[Sig. having many lamellae.]

niagarensis, Nicholson & Hinde, 1874,
Can. Jour., Niagara Gr. [Ety. prop-
er name.]

niagarensis, Rominger, see Alveolites
undosus.

scandularis, Davis (In press), Foss. Cor-
als of Ky., in vol. 1 Pal. Ky. St. Geo.

Sur., Upper Devonian. [Sig. covered

as with shingles.]
Alveolites undosus, n. sp.,Niag. Gr. [Sig.

wavy.] This name is proposed for

the species described by Rominger in

1876, in his Foss. Corals, p. 40, pi. 16,

figs. 1 and 2, under the name of A.

niagarensis, as his name was pre-
occupied by Nicholson & Hinde.
Amplextjs annulatus, Whitfield, 1878. Ann.

Rep. Geo. Sur. Wis., Niagara Gr.

[Sig. annulated.]
feildeni, Etheridge, 1878, Quar. Jour.

Geo. Soc. vol. 34, Upper Silurian.

[Ety. proper name.]
fenestratus, Whitfield, 1878, Ann. Rep.

Geo. Sur. Wis., Niagara Gr. [Sig.

having open windows.]
junctus, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals, Niag-
ara and Up. Held. Gr., Niagara Gr.

[Sig. joined.] ,
laxatus, Billings, Can. Nat. Cor-

niferous ( ?) limestone. [Sig. spread

out.]
uniformis, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals,

Niagara and Up. Held. Gr., Niagara

Gr. [Sig. uniform.]
Anisophyllum, Edwards and Haime, 1851,

Mon. d. Pol. foss. d. Terr. Pal. [Ety.

anisos, unequal; phyllon, a leaf.]
agassizi, Edwards & Haime, 1851, Mon.

d. Pol. foss. d. Terr. Pal., Low.

Held. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
bilamellatum, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals,

Niagara and Up. Held. Gr., Niagara

Gr. [Sig. having two lamellae.]
trifurcatum, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals,

Niagara and Up. Held. Gr., Niagara

Gr. [Sig. three forked.]
unilargum, Hall. 1882, Foss. Corals,

Niagara and Up. Held. Gr., Niagara

Gr. [Sig. one large.]
Arachnophyllum, Dana, 1848, Zoophytes,

U. S. Expl. Exped., vol. 8. [Ety.

arachne, a spider; phyllon, a leaf.]
richardsoni, Salter, 1852, Sutherland's

Jour., vol. 2, Upper Sil. [Ety.

proper name.]
Astraea hennahi, see Smithia hennahi.
ASTR.EOPHYLLIM, Nicholson & Hinde,

1874, Can. Jour., vol. 14. [Ety. aster,

a star; phyllon, a leaf.]
gracile, Nicholson & Hinde, 1874, Can.

Jour., vol. 14, Niagara Gr. [Sig.

slender.]
Atjlacophyllum, Edwards & Haime, 1854,

British Fossil Corals. [Ety. aulas, a

furrow; phyllon, a leaf.]
bilaterale, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals

POLYPI.

2G3

Niagara and Up. Held. Gr., Cornifer-
ous limestone. [Sig. bilateral.]
Aulacophyli.um coiiigeruui, Davis (In
press). Foss. Corals of Ky., in vol. 1,
Pal. Ky. St. Geo. Sur., Upper De-
vonian. [Sig. bearing a cone.]

convergent, Hall, 1882. Foss. Corals,
Niagara and Up. Held. Gr., Cornifer-
ous limestone. [Sig. converging.]

crnciforme, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals,
Niagara and Up. Held. Gr., Cornifer-
ous limestone. [Sig. cruciform.]

mntabile, Davis (In press), Foss. Corals
of Ky.. in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St. Geo.
Sur., Middle Devonian. [Sig. change-
ful.]

parvum, Davis (In press), Foss. Corals
of Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St. Geo.
Sur., Middle Devonian. [Sig. small.]

pinnatum, Hall. 1882, Foss. Corals,
Niagara and Up. Held. Gr., Cornifer-
ous limestone. [Sig. plumed.]

poculum, Hall. 1882. Foss. Corals,
Niagara and Up. Held. Gr., Cornifer-
ous limestone. [Sig. a cup.]

prseciptum, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals.
Niagara and Up Held. Gr., Cornifer-
ous limestone [Sig. anticipated.]

prateriforme. Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals,
Niagara and Up. Held. Gr., Cornifer-
ous limestone. [Sig. prateriform?]

princeps. Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals,
Niagara and Up. Held. Gr., Cornifer-
ous limestone. [Sig. first.]

reflexum. Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals,
Niagara and Up. Held. Gr.. Cornifer-
ous limestone. [Sig. turned back.]

sulcatum. D'Orbigny. 1850. Prodr. d.
Pal., vol. 1. p. 105, Corniferous lime-
stone. [Sig. furrowed.]

tripinnatum. Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals.
Niagara and Up. Held. Gr., Cornifer-
ous limestone. [Sig. three pinnated.]

trisuleatum, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals,
Niagara and Up. Held Gr., Cornifer-
ous limestone. [Sig. three furrowed.]

unguloideum. Davis (In press), Foss.
Corals of Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St.
Geo. Sur., Lower Devonian. [Sig.
like a hoof.]
Aulopora canadensis, 1875 (Alecto cana-
densis). Can. Nat. and Geo., vol. 7,
Corniferous limestone. [Ety. proper
name.]

culmula, Davis (In press), Foss. Corals
of Ky.. in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St Geo.
Sur.. Devonian. [Sig. a little stalk.]

procumbens, Davis (In press), Foss.
Corals of Ky.. in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St.
Geo. Sur., Middle Devonian. [Sig.
prostrate.]
Baryphyliam fungulus. White, 1878, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci., Niagara Gr. [Sig.
a small mushroom.]
verneuilanum. Edwards & Ilainie,
1851, Mon. d. Pol. foss. d. Terr. Pal.,
Niagara Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

Blothrophyllim cinctutum, Davis (In
press), Foss. Corals of Ky., vol. 1,
Pal. Ky. St. Geo. Sur., Middle
Devonian. [Sig. girt.]

corium, Davis (In press), Foss. Corals of
Ky., vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St. Geo. Sur.,
Middle Devonian. [Sig. bark, skin.]

louisvillense, Davis (In press), Foss.
Corals of Ky., vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St.
Geo. Sur., Middle and Upper
Devonian. [Ety. proper name ]

multicalicatum, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals,
Niagara and Up. Held. Gr., Cornifer-
ous limestone. [Sig. many plastered.]

niagarense. Davis (In press), Foss.
Corals of Ky., vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St.
Geo. Sur., Niagara Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]

papulosum, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals,
Niagara and Up. Held. Gr., Cornifer-
ous limestone. [Sig. pustulecl.]

parvulum, Davis (In press), Foss.
Corals of Ky.. vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St.
Geo. Sur., Middle Devonian. [Sig.
very small.]

promissum. Hall., 1882, Foss. Corals,
Niagara and Up. Held. Gr., Cornifer-
ous limestone. [Sig. hanging down.]

sessile, Davis (In press), Foss. Corals of
Ky.. vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St. Geo. Sur.,
Middle Devonian. [Sig. dwarfish,
seeming to sit.]

sinuosum. Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals,
Niagara and Up. Held. Gr., Cornifer-
ous limestone. [Sig. sinuous.]
Calamopora cellulata, see Favositescellulata.

goldfussi, see Favosites goldfussi.

minuta, see Favosites minute.

uunutissima, see Favosites minutissima.

radians, see Favosites radians.

verneuili, see Favosites verneuili.
Calceola should be removed from the
Brachiopoda to this class.

attenuate, Lyon, 1879, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci., Niagara Gr. [Sig. attenuated.]

corniculum, Lyon, 1879, Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci., Niagara Gr. [Sig. a little
horn.] Is it a syn. for C tennesseen-
sis?

coxi, Lyon, 1879, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
Niagara Gr. [Ety. proper name.] Is
it a syn. for C. tennesseensis ?

proteus, Davis (In press), Foss. Corals
of Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St. Geo.
Sur., Niagara Gr. [Ety. mythological
name.]
pusilla, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals, Niagara
and Up. Held. Gr., Niagara Gr. [Sig.
very small.]
Callograptis niagarensis, Spencer, 1878,
(an. Nat., vol. 8, Niagara Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]
Calophyllum, Dana, 1848, Zoophytes U.S.
Expl. Exped., vol. 8. [Ety. kalos,
beautiful; phyllon, a leaf.]
phragmoceras, Salter, 1852, Sutherland's
.Jour., vol. 2. Up. Sil. [Sig. a parti-
tioned horn.]

264

POLYPI.

Calyptograptus, Spencer, 1878, Can. Nat.,

vol. 8. [Ety. kalyptos, covered;

grapho, to write,]
cyathiformis, Spencer, 1878, Can. Nat.,

vol. 8, Niagara Gr. [Sig. cup shaped.]
subretiformis, Spencer, 1878, Can. Nat.,

vol. 8, Niagara Gr. [Sig. somewhat

net formed]
Cannapora annulate, Nicholson & Hinde.

1874, Can. Jour., Niagara Gr. [Sig.

ringed.]
Caryophyllia cornicula, see Zaphrentis cor-

riicula.
gigantea, see Zaphrentis gigantea.
pulmonea, see Zaphrentis pulmonea.
Catenipora michelini, Castlenau, syn. for

Halysites catenulatus.
Chetetes sequidistans. Hall, 1881. Bryozo-

ans of the Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. equi-
distant.]
arcticus, Haughton, 1857, Jour. Roy.

Dub. Soc, vol. 1. [Sig. arctic]
compressus, Ulrich, 1879. Jour. Cin. Soc.

Nat. Hist., vol. 2. Hud. Riv. Gr.

[Sig. compressed.] This is a bryozoan.
crebrirama. Hall, 1881, Bryozoans of the

Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. having dense

branches.]
egenus. Hall, 1881, Bryozoans of the Up.

Held. Gr. [Sig. destitute of.]
elegans, Ulrich, see Monticulipora ele-

gans.
internascens, Hall, 1881. Bryozoans of

the Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. growing be-
tween.]
irregularis, see Monticulipora irregularis.
filiasa, see Monticulipora fili >sa.
fusiformis, Whitfield. 1878, Ann. Rep.

Geo. Sur. Wis., Hud. Riv Gr. [Sig.

fusiform.]
granuliferus, see Monticulipora granu-

lifera .
milleporaceus. Edwards & Haime, 1851,

Mon. d. Pol. foss. d. Terr. Pal. Car-
boniferous. [Sig. having innumer-
able pores.]
moniliformis, refer to Monticulipora

moniliformis.
ramosus, see Monticulipora ramosa.
subglobosus, Ulrich, see Monticulipora

subglobosa.
undulatus. see Monticulipora undulata.
venustus, see Monticulipora venusta.
Chonophyllum capax, Hall, 1882, Foss.

Corals, Niagara and Up. Held. Gr.,

Niagara Gr. [Sig. capacious.]
magnificum, was published in Can. Jour.,

vol. 5, in 1860.
nanum, Davis (In press), Foss. Corals of

Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St. Geo. Sur.,

Upper Devonian. [Sig. a dwarf.]
sedaliense, White, 1880, 12th Rep. U S.

Geo. Sur, Terr., Choteau Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
vadum, Hall, 1882, Fobs. Corals, Niagara

and Up. Held. Gr., Niagara Gr. [Sig.

shallow.]

Chonostegites, Edwards & Haime, 1851,

Pol. Foss. des Terr. Pal., p. 299. [Ety.

konos, a cone; stege, a covering.]
clappi, Edwards & Haime, 1851, Pol.

Foss. des Terr. Pal. p. 299, Up. Held.

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Cladopora alcicornis, Davis (In press),

Foss. Corals of Ky., in vol. 1, Pal.

Ky. St. Geo. Sur., Up. Devonian.

[Sig. elk's horn.]
aculeata, Davis (In press), Foss Corals

of Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St. Geo.

Sur., Niagara Gr. [Sig. having

prickles or spines.]
acupicta, Davis (In press), Foss. Corals

of Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St. Geo.

Sur , Low. Devonian [Sig. punctured

as with a needle.]
bifurca, Davis (In press), Foss. Corals of

Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St. Geo. Sur.

Low. Devonian. [Sig. two pronged,

forked.]
canadensis, Rominger, is a syn. for Pachy-

pora frondosa.
crassa, Davis (In press), Foss. Corals of

Ky., in vol. 1, Pal Ky. St. Geo. Sur.,

Low. Devonian. [Sig. thick.]
dentata, Davis (In press), Foss. Corals

of Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St. Geo.

Sur., Low. Devonian. [Sig. having

teeth.]
desquamata, Davis (In press), Foss.

Corals of Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St.

Geo. Sur., Low. Devonian. [Sig.

scaled, peeled.]
dispansa, Davis (In press), Foss. Corals

ofKy., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St. Geo.

Sur., Low. Devonian. [Sig. spread

out flat]
equisetalis, Davis (In press), Foss. Cor-
als of Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St. Geo.

Sur., Niagara Gr. [Sig. from the plant

Equisetum.]
fibrata, Davis (In press), Foss. Corals of

Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St. Geo. Sur.,

Low. Devonian. [Sig. fibrous.]
foliata, Davis (In press), Foss Corals of

Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St. Geo. Sur.,

Low Devonian. [Sig. arranged in

leaves.]
gracilis. Davis (In press), Foss. Corals of

Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St. Geo. Sur.,

Mid. Devonian. [Sig. slender.]
gulielmi. Davis (In press), Foss. Corals
. of Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St. Geo.

Sur., Up. Devonian. [Ety. proper

name.]
knappi. Davis (In press), Foss. Corals

of Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St Geo.

Sur., Low Devonian. [Ety. proper

name.]
lichenoides, Rominger, 1876. This name

was preoccupied by Winchell &

Marcy, in 1865. See C. winchellana.
menis, Davis (In press), Foss. Corals of

Ky., in vol 1, Pal. Ky. St. Geo. Sur.,

Niagara Gr. [Sig. a crescent.]
ordinata, Davis (In press), Foss. Corals

POLYPI.

2G5

of Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St. Geo.
Siii'., Niagara Gr. [Sig. from the
arrangement in rows.]
Cladopopa proboseidalis, Davis (In press),
Foss. Corals of Ky., in vol. 1, Pal.
Ky. St. Geo. Bur.. Niagara Gr. [Sig.
having a proboscis.]

ricta, Davis (In press), Foss. Corals of
Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St. Geo. Sur.,
Low. Devonian. [Sig. open month.]

robnsta var. tela, Davis (In press), Foss.
Corals of Ky , in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St.
Geo. Sur.,- Low. Devonian. [Sig a
„web.]

sarmentosa, Hall, 1876, Desc. new
species of fossils from Waldron,
Niagara Gr. [Sig full of branches.]

striata, Davis (In press), Foss. Corals of
Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St. Geo. Sur.,
Niagara Gr. [Sig. striped.]

undosa, Davis (In press), Foss. Corals
of Ky., in vol. 1, P«l. Ky. St. Geo.
Sur., Low. Devonian. [Sig. wavy.]

winchellana, n. sp.. Up. Held. Gr. This
name is proposed for the species de-
scribed by Rominger, under the pre-
occupied name of C. lichenoides, in
his Fossil Corals, p. 47, pi. 17, figs. 1
and 4. Named in honor of Alexander
Winchell.
Clisiophyllum austini, Salter, 1852
(Strephodes austini), Sutherland's
Jour., vol. 2, Devonian [Ety. proper
name.]

danaanum, Edwards & Haime, 1851,
Mon. d. Pol. foss. d. Terr. Pal., Low.
Held. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

pluriradiale, Nicholson, 1874, Pal. Prov.
Ontario, Corniferous limestone. [Sig.
many radiated]

tumulus, Salter, 1855, Belcher's last of
the Arctic Voyages, vol. 2, Car-
boniferous. [Sig. a mound.]
Ccenites lunata, see Limaria lunata.
Columnakia halli, Nicholson, 1879, Tabu-
late Corals, syn for C. alveolata.

mamillaris, and C. multiradiata, Castel-
nau, 1843, are not recognized by
palaeontologists.

sutherlandi, Salter, 1852, Sutherland's
Jour., vol 2, Devonian. [Ety. proper
name.]
Columnopora rayi, Davis (In press),
Foss. Corals of Ky., in vol. 1, Pal.
Ky. St. Geo. Sur., Hud. Riv. Gr.
[Ety. proper name.]
Ceaspedophyllum, Dybowski, 1873,
Beschreibung neuen aus Nordamer-
ika, Stammenden Devonischen, art
der Zoaniharia rugosa. [Ety. kras-
pedos, an edge; phyllon, a leaf.]

americanum, Dybowski, 1873, Beschr.
n a. Norda. s. Dev. a. d. Zoanth.
rugosa., Up. Held. Gr., at Columbus,
O. [Ety. proper name.]
Crepidophyllum, Nicholson & Thompson,
1877, Proc. Royal Soc. Edinburgh, vol.

9. A proposed name to include
Diphyphylhun archiaci.
Cyathaxonia columellata, Hall, 1882, Foss.
Corals, Niagara and Up. Held. Gr.,
Niagara Gr. [Sig. pillared.J

cynodon, Rafinesque & Clifford, 1820,
Monographic d. Turbinolides, in
Ann. d. Phys. d. Brux., t. 5, Waverly
Gr. [Sig. dog tooth.]

gainesi, Davis (In press), Foss. Corals
of Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St. Geo.
Sur., Hud. Riv. Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]

herzeri, Hall? 1882, Foss. Corals, Ni-
agara and Up. Held. Gr., Niagara
Gr. [Ety. proper name.}

profunda, Edwards & Haime, 1851,
Mon. d. Pol. foss. d. Terr. Pal., Car-
boniferous. [Sig. profound.]

wisconsinensis, Whitfield, 1878, Ann.
Rep. Geo. Sur. Wis., Niagara Gr.
[Ety. proper name.]
CYATHOPHYLLUM.a</</Zomera£wm, C. ammonis,
C. arborescens, C. atlas, C. conicum,
C. distincturn, G. d'orbignyi, C. gold-
fussi, C. goliath, C. michelini, C. pli-
catulum, C. rollini, G. striatulum, and
C. vicinum, are Castlenau's species
imperfectly described in 1843, in his
Systeme silur. de l'Amerique sep-
tentr. They are not recognized by
American authors.

articulatum, Wahlenberg (Madreporites
articulatus), Nov. Act. Upsal., vol.
8, Up. ttil. This, though identified
by some from America, is probably
not an American species.

arctifossa, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals Ni-
agara and Up. Held. Gr., Corniferous
limestone. [Sig. close wrinkled.]

brevicorne, Davis (In press), Foss. Cor-
als of Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St. Geo.
Sur., Devonian. [Sig. short horn.]

bullatum, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals, Ni-
agara and Up. Held. Gr., Corniferous
limestone. [Sig. vesicled.j

bullulatum, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals, Ni-
agara and Up. Held. Gr., Niagara Gr.
[Sig. little vesicled.]

canaliculatum, Hall 1882, Foss. Corals,
Niagara and Up. Held. Gr., Cornifer-
ous limestone. [Sig. canaliculated.]

cohjerens, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals, Ni-
agara and Up. Held. Gr., Corniferous
limestone. [Sig. coherent.]

concentricum, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals,
Niagara and Up. Held. Gr., Cornifer-
ous limestone. [Sig. concentric]

depressum. Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals, Ni-
agara and Up. Held. Gr., Corniferous
limestone. [Sig. depressed.]

exfoliatum, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals, Ni-
agara and Up Held. Gr., Corniferous
limestone. [Sig. exfoliated.]

fimbriatum. Davis (In press), Foss. Cor-
als of Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St. Geo.
Sur., Mid. Devonian. [Sig. fringed.]

flos, Davis (In press), Foss. Corals of

2G6

POLYPI.

Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St. Geo. Sur.,
Niagara Gr. and Devonian. [Sig.
a flower.]
Cyathophyllum gemmiferum, Davis (In
press), Foss Corals of Ky., in vol.
1, Pal. Ky. St. Geo. Sur., Devoni-
an. [Sig. bearing buds.]

(jigas is a syn. for Zaphrentis gigantea.

impositum, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals,, Ni-
agara and Up. Held. Gr., Corniferous
limestone. [Sig. laying over.]

infoveatum, Davis (In press), Foss. Cor-
als of Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St. Geo.
Sur., Devonian [Sig. without a
fovea.]

intertrium, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals, Ni-
agara and Up. Held. Gr., Niagara Gr.
[Ety. from the three smaller lamellae
between the larger ones.]

intervesiculum, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals,
Niagara and Up. Held. Gr . , Cornifer-
ous limestone. [Sig. having vesicles
between.]

juvenis, is without letter j in part of
the 1st edition of this work.

lesueuri, should be accredited to Ed-
wards & Haime, 1851, Mon. d. Pol.
Foss. d. Terr. Pal.

multicrena, Davis (In press), Foss. Cor-
als of Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St. Geo.
Sur., Devonian. [Sig. many notched.]

nevadense. Meek, 1877, U. S. Geo. Sur.,
„ 40th parallel, Carboniferous. [Ety.
proper name.]

oedipus, Davis (In press), Foss. Corals
of Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St. Geo.
Sur., Low. and Mid. Devonian. [Sig.
having a club foot.]

palmeri, Meek, 1877, U. S. Geo. Sur.,
40th parallel, Devonian. [Ety. prop-
er name.]

perfossulatum. Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals,
Niagara and Up. Held. Gr., Cornifer-
ous limestone. [Sig. having many
little ditches.]

perplicatum, Hall, 1882. Foss. Corals,
Niagara and Up. Held. Gr., Cornifer-
ous limestone. [Sig. many plicated.]

pickthorni, Salter, 1852 (Strephodespick-
thorni), Sutherland's Jour., vol. 2,
Devonian. [Ety. proper name.]

plication, Goldfuss, 1826. Germ. Petref.
This specific name is condemned as
American, because Goldfuss applied
it to two distinct species at the same
time — one from America and the
other from Sweden.

pocillum, Davis (In press), Foss. Corals
of Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St. Geo.
Sur., Mid. and Up. Devonian. [Sig. a
little cup.]

pumilus, Davis (In press), Foss. Corals
of Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St. Geo.
Sur., Mid. Devonian. [Sig. a dwarf ]

jiustulatum, Conrad, 1848. Not clearly
defined.

robustum. Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals, Ni-

agara and Up Held. Gr., Corniferous
limestone. [Sig. robust.]
Cyathophyllum scalenum, Hall, 1882,
Foss. Corals, Niagara and Up. Held.
Gr., Corniferous limestone. [Sig.
having unequal sides.]

septatum, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals, Nia-
gara and Up. Held. Gr., Corniferous
limestone. [Sig. partitioned.]

tornatum. Davis 'In press) Foss. Corals
of Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St. Geo.
Sur., Up. Devonian. [Sig. rounded
as in a lathe.]

vesiculatum, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals,
Niagara and Up. Held. Gr., Cornifer-
ous limestone. [Sig. vesicled.]

zenkeri, Billings, 1860, Can. Jour., vol.
5, Corniferous limestone. [Ety. prop-
er name.]
CYSTiPHYLLUMbifurcatum, Hall, 18S2, Foss.
Corals, Niagara and Up. Held. Gr.,
Corniferous limestone. [Sig. bifur-
cated.]

bipartitum, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals,
Niagara and Up. Held. Gr., Cornifer-
ous limestone. [Sig. two parted.]

cicatriciferum, Davis (In press), Foss.
Corals of Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St.
Geo. Sur., Up. Devonian. [Sig. bear-
ing a scar.]

crateriforme. Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals,
Niagara and Up. Held. Gr., Cormfer-
ous limestone. [Sig. crateriform.]

granilineatum, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals,
Niagara and Up- Held. Gr., Niagara
Gr. [Sig. granule lined.]

hispidum, Davis (In press), Foss. Corals
of Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St. Geo.
Sur., Low. Devonian. [Sig. prickly,
thorny.]

incurvum, Davis (In press), Foss. Cor-
als of Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St. Geo.
Sur., Niagara Gr. [Sig. crooked.]

infundibulum, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals,
Niagara and Up. Held. Gr., Cornifer-
ous limestone. [Sig. a funnel.]

latiradius, Hall, 18S2, Foss. Corals. Nia-
gara and Up. Held. Gr., Corniferous
limestone. [Sig. wide rayed.]

limbatum, Davis (In press), Foss. Corals
of Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St. Geo.
Sur., Low Devonian. [Sig. bordered,
like a garment with flounces.]

lineatum, Davis (In press), Foss. Corals
of Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St. Geo.
Sur., Niagara Gr. and Low. Devon-
ian. [Sig. lined.]

muricatum, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals,
Niagara and Up. Held. Gr., Cor-
niferous limestone. [Sig. pointed.]

nanum, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals, Niagara
and Up. Held. Gr., Corniferous lime-
stone. [Sig. a dwarf.]

nettlerothi, Davis (In press), Foss.
Corals of Ky., in vol, 1. Pal. Ky. St.
Geo. Sur., Low. Devonian. [Ety.
proper name.]

POLYPI.

267

CtSTIPHTixum obliquum, Hall, 1882, Foss.
Corals, Niagara and Up. Held. Gr.,
Corniferous limestone [Sig. ob-
lique.]
os, Davis (In press), Foss. Corals of Ky.,
in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St. Geo. Sur.,
Low. Devonian. [Sig. a bone.]
plicatum, Davis (In press), Foss. Corals
of Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St. Geo.
Sur.,' Low. and Mid. Devonian. [Sig.
folded in plaits.]
pustulatum, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals,
Niagara and Up. Held. Gr., Cor-
niferous limestone. [Sig. pustulated.]
quadrangulare, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals,
Niagara and Up. Held. Gr., Cor-
niferous limestone. [Sig. quad-
rangular.]
scalatum. Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals,
Niagara and Up. Held. Gr., Cor-
niferous limestone. [Sig. having
stairs.]
striatum. Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals, Ni-
agara and Up. Held. Gr., Cornifer-
ous limestone. [Sig. channeled.]
sulcatum was described in 1858, in

Can. Xat. & Geol., vol. 3.
supraplanum, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals,
Niagara and Up. Held. Gr., Cor-
niferous limestone . [Sig. very level.]
tenuiradius, Hall, 1S82, Foss. Corals,
Niagara and Up. Held. Gr., Cor-
niferous limestone. [Sig. fine rayed. ]
theissi, Davis (In press), Foss. Corals in
Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St. Geo. Sur.,
Mid. Devonian. [Ety. proper name.]
zaphrentiforme, Davis (In press), Foss.
Corals of Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky.
St. Geo. Sur., Low Devonian. [Sig.
formed like Zaphrentis.]
Cystostylis, Whitfield, 1880, Ann. Eep.
Geo. Sur. Wis. [Ety. kustis, a blad-
der; stylos, a stalk.]
typicus, Whitfield, 1880, Ann. Rep. Geo.
Sur., Wis., Niagara Gr. [Sig. the
type.]
Daxia, Edwards & Haime, 1849, Comptes
Eendus, t. 29, p. 261. [Ety. proper
name.]
huronica, Edwards & Haime. 1849,
Comptes Eendus, t. 29, Up. Silurian.
[Ety proper name.] ^.

Dekayia, Edwards & Haime, 1851, Mon. d.
Pol. foss. d. Terr. Pal., p. 277. [Ety.
proper name.]
aspera, Edwards & Haime, 1851 , Mon.
d. Pol. foss. d. Terr. Pal., Hud. Eiv.
Gr. [Sig. rough.]
attrita,. Nicholson (Chetetes attritus),
syn. for D. aspera.
Dexdrograptls compactus, Walcott, 1S79,
Utiea Slate and related formations,
Utica Slate. [Sig. compact.]
gracillimus, Lesquereux, 1877, Proc.
Am. Phil. Soc. (Psilophyton gracilli-
mum), Hud. Eiv. Gr. [Sig. very
slender.]

Dexdrograptvs novellus, Hall, 1879, Desc.
New Spec. Foss., Niagara Gr. [Sig.
young.]
simplex, Walcott, 1879, Utica Slate and
related formations, Utica Slate. [Sig.
simple.]
tenuiramosus, Walcott, 1879, Utica Slate
and related formations, Utica Slate.
[Sig. very branchy.]
Dexdropora ornata refer to Trachypora
ornata.
osculata, Davis (In press), Foss. Corals
of Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St. Geo.
Sur., Devonian. [Sig. kissed, joined
by contact.]
Dictyoxema fenestrata was described in
1851, in Foster & Whitney's Eep. on
the Lake Superior Land District,
pergracilis, Hall and Whitfield, 1872,
24th Eeg. Eep., Niagara Gr. [Sig.
very slender.]
tenella, Spencer, 1878, Can. Nat., vol.

8, Niagara Gr. [Sig. delicate.]
websteri was described in 1860, Can.
Nat. & Geo., vol. 5.
Diorrychopora Davis (In press), Foss.
Corals of Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St.
Geo. Sur. [Ety. diorrusso, to dig a
canal; pora, a tube.]
tenuis, Davis (In press), Foss. Corals of
Ky. in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St. Geo. Sur.,
Niagara Gr. [Sig. slender.]
Diphyphyllum adnatum, Hall, 1882, Foss.
Corals, Niagara and Up. Held Gr.,
Corniferous limestone. [Sig. adnate.]
apertum, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals, Ni-
agara and Up. Held. Gr., Cornifer-
ous limestone. [Sig. opened.]
bellis, Davis (In press), Foss. Corals of
Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St. Geo. Sur.,
Mid. Devonian. [Sig. a daisy.]
breve, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals, 'Niagara
and Up. Held. Gr., Corniferous
limestone. [Sig. short.]
coagulatum, Davis (In press), Foss.
Corals of Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St.
Geo. Sur., Mid. Devonian. rSi"-.
thickened.]
coalescens, Davis (In press), Foss.
Corals of Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St.
Geo. Sur., Mid. Devonian. [Sig.
growing together.]
conjunctum, Davis (In press), Foss.
Corals of Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St.
Geo. Sur., Mid Devonian. [Sig.
joined intimately.]
cylindraceum, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals,
Niagara and Up. Held. Gr., Cornifer-
ous limestone. [Sig. like cylinders.]
dividuum, Davis (In press), Foss. Corals
of Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St. Geo.
Sur., Niagara Gr. [Sig. separable.]
fasciculum, Aleek, 1877, U. S. Geo. Sur.,
40th parallel, Devonian. [Sig. a small
bundle.]
gracile, McCoy, 1854, Brit. Pal. Foss.,
Corniferous limestone. [Sig. slender.]
tumidulum, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals,

POLYPI.

Niagara and Up. Held. Gr., Cornifer-
ous limestone. [Sig. tumid.]
Diplograptus hudsonicus, Nicholson, 1875,
Pal. Prov. Ont., Hud. Riv. Gr. [Ely.
proper name.]
hypniformis, White, 1874 (Graptolithus
hypniformis', Rep. Invert. Foss.,
Trenton Gr. [Sig. like Hypmim, from
the moss-like aspect of the stipes.]
Diplotrypa, Nicholson, 1879, Tabulate Cor-
als. A subgeneric name, founded
upon Monticulipora petropolitana.
Drymopoea, Davis (In press), Foss. Corals
of Ky., in vol, 1, Pal. Ky. St. Geo.
Sur. [Ety. drumos, a thicket; pora,
a tube.]
auloporoidea, Davis (In press), Foss.
Corals of Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St.
Geo. Sur., Up. Devonian. [Sig. re-
sembling Aulopora.]
commensahs, Davis (In press), Foss.
Corals of Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St.
Geo. Sur., Mid. Devonian. [Sig.
living at the same table.]
frutectosa, Davis (In press), Foss. Cor-
als of Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St. Geo.
Sur., Up. Devonian. [Sig. shrubby,
bushy.]
Elasmophyllum, Hall, 1882. Foss. Corals,
Niagara and Up. Held. Gr. [Ety.
elasma, lamella; phyllon, a leaf.]
attenuatum, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals,
Niagara and Up. Held'Gr., Cornifer-
ous limestone. [Sig. attenuated.]
Eridophyllum simcoense is from the Cor-

niferous limestone.
Favistella calicina, Nicholson, 1874, Rep.
Brit. Assoc, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. a
little cup.]
franklini, Salter, 1852, Sutherland's
Jour., vol. 2, Up. Sil. [Ety. proper
name.]
reticulata, Salter, 1852. Sutherland's
Jour., vol. 2, Up. Sil. [Sig. reticu-
lated ]
Favosites alveolaris may be stricken out as
not an American species,
amplissimus, Davis (In press). Foss.
Corals of Ky.. in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St.
Geo. Sur., Low. and Mid. Devonian.
[Sig. very large or ample.]
arbor, Davis (In press), Foss. Corals
of Ky.. in vol. 1 Pal Ky. St. Geo.
Sur., Low. Devonian. [Sig. a tree ]
baculus, Davis (In press), Foss. Corals
of Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St. Geo.
Sur., Low. Devonian. [Sig. a staff',
a scepter.]
canadensis, Billings, 1858, Can. Nat. &
Geol., vol. 3, instead of Fistulipora
canadensis,
cariosus, Davis (In press), Foss. Corals
of Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St. Geo.
Sur., Low. & Mid. Devonian. [Sig.
worm eaten.]
cellulata, Castelnau. 1843 (Calamopora
cellulata), Syst. Sil. From Point La-
tour, northeast of Lake Huron, but

not recognized by later authors for

some reasons not known to the author.
Favosites clelandi, Davis (In press). Foss.

Corals of Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St.

Geo. Sur., Low. Devonian. [Ety.

proper name.]
convexus, Davis (In press). Foss. Corals

of Ky., in vol. 1. Pal. Ky. St. Geo.

Sur., Low. and Mid. Devonian. [Sig.

convex.]
cymosus, Davis (In press), Foss. Corals

of Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St. Geo.

Sur., Low. and Mid. Devonian. [Sig.

full of sprouts.]
chapmani, Nicholson, 1874, Pal. Prov.

Ont., Corniferous limestone. [Ety.

proper name.]
divergens, Winchell, 1862, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci., Low. Carb. [Sig. diverg-
ing.]
emmonsi, Rominger, syn. for P. helioliti-

formis.
eximius, Davis (In press), Foss. Corals

of Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St. Geo.

Sur., Up. Devonian. [Sig. uncom-
mon, remarkable.]
flabelliformis, Troost, 1843. Not satis-
factorily defined,
forbesi, var. occidentalis. Hall, 1876, 2£th

Reg. Rep., Niagara Gr. [Sig. western.]
forbesi var. waldronensis, Nicholson, syn.

for F. forbesi, var. occidentalis.
frutex, Davis (In press), Foss. Corals of

Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St. Geo. Sur.,

Low. Devonian. [Sig. a shrub, a

bush.]
fustiformis, Davis (In press), Foss.

Corals of Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St.

Geo. Sur., Low. Devonian. [Sig.

club shaped.] •
goldfussi. Castelnau, 1843, Syst. Sil.

(Calamopora goldfussi , Up. Sil.

[Ety. proper name.]
goodwyni, Davis (In press), Foss. Corals

of Ky., in vol. 1, Pal Ky. St. Geo.

Sur., Up. Dev. [Ety. proper name.]
hamiltonensis, Rominger, syn. for F.

dumosus.
impeditus, Davis (In press), Foss.

Corals of Ky., in vol 1, Pal.

Ky. St. Geo. Sur., Low. Devonian.

[Sig. hindered, of stunted growth.]
louisvillensis, Davis (In press), Foss.

Corals of Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St.

Geo. Sur., Niagara Gr. [Ety. proper

name . ]
mamillaris, Castelnau, 1843, Syst. Sil.

Not recognized,
mancus instead of F. manus.
minuta and F. minutissima, Castelnau.

Not recognized,
mundus, Davis (In press), Foss. Corals

of Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St. Geo.

Sur., Low, and Mid Devonian. [Sig.

neat, pretty.]
mundus var. placentoideus, Davis (In

press), Foss. Corals of Ky., in vol. 1,

Pal. Ky. St. Geo. Sur., Low. De-

POLYPI.

vonian. [Sig. resembling F. pla-
centa]
Favosites occiclens, Whitfield, 1878, Ann.
Rep. Geo. Sur. Wis., Niagara Gr.
[Sig. western ]

parvo, Davis (In press), Foss. Corals of
Ky , in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St. Geo. Sur.,
Low. Devonian. [Sig. a peacock,
in allusion to the resemblance be-
tween the larger round tubes regular-
ly interspersed among the smaller
polygonal tubes of the fossil and the
dotted circles or ''eyes" of a pea-
cock's tail.]

pirum, Davis (In press), Foss. Corals of
Ky.. in vol. 1. Pal. Ky. St. Geo. Sur.,
Mid. Devonian. [Sig. a pea.]

proximus, Davis (In press), Foss. Corals
of Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St. Geo.
Sur., Low Devonian. [Sig. a near
neighbor. ]

quercus, Davis (In press), Foss. Corals
of Ky.. in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St. Geo.
Sur., Low. Devonian. [Sig. an oak.]

radians. Castelnau, 1843. Not recog-
nized.

ramulosus, Davis (In press), Foss. Cor-
als of Ky., in vol. 1. Pal. Ky. St. Geo.
Sur., Low. Devonian. [Sig. having
small branches.]

rotundituba. Davis (In press), Foss. Cor-
als of Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St. Geo.
Sur., Niagara and Devonian. [Sig.
round tubed.]

spiculatus, Davis (In press), Foss. Cor-
als of Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St. Geo.
Sur., Low. Devonian. [Sig bearing
spicules or spikes.]

spinigerus instead of F. niagarensis, var.
spinigerus. '

spongilla, Rominger, syn. for F. spini-
gerus.

troosti, Edwards & Haime, 1851, Mon.
d. Pol. foss d. Terr. Pal., Devonian.
[Ety. proper name.]

verneuili, Castlenau. 1843, syn. forMon-
ticulipora fibrosa.
Favositopora palaiozoica, Kent, 1870, Ann. &
Mag Nat. Hist., 4 ser., vol. 6. Not
recognized.
Fistulipora canadensis, refer to Favosites
canadensis. *

flabellata, Ulrich, 1879, Jour. Cin. Soc.
Nat. Hist., vol. 2, Hud. Eiv. Gr.
[Sig. from flal/ellum, a fan.]

lens, Whitfield. 1878, Ann. Rep. Geo.
Sur. Wis., Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. a
lentil.]

rugosa, Whitfield, 1880, Ann. Rep. Geo.
Sur. Wis., Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig.
rugose.]

solidissima, Whitfield. 1878, Ann. Rep.
Geo. Sur. Wis., Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig.
very solid.]
Geaptolithus annectans, Walcott, 1879,
Utica Slate and related formations,
Utica Slate Gr. [Sig. connected
together.]

Graptouthus whitianus, n. sp. Hud. Riv.
Gr., from five miles north of Belmont,
Nevada. Proposed instead of G. nimu-
lus of White, 1874, Exp. and Sur., W.
100th merid.. Prelim. Rep. Invert.
Foss. p. 13. and vol. 4, pt. 1, p. 62, pi.
iv., figs. 3a, 3b and 3c. The name was
preoccupied by Hall, for a distinct
species in the same genus.
Hadrophyllum glans, instead of Zaphrentis

glans.
Haixia, Edwards & Haime, 1851, Mon. d.
Pol. foss. d. Terr. Pal. [Ety. proper
name ]

divergens, Hall. 1882. Foss. Corals,
Niagara and Up. Held. Gr., Niagara
Gr. [Sig. diverging.]

divisa, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals, Niagara
and Up. Held. Gr., Niagara Gr. [Sig.
dividing.]

insignis, Edwards & Haime, 1851, Mon.
d. Pol. foss. d. Terr. Pal., Up. Held.
Gr. [Sig. marked.]

pluma. Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals Niagara
and Up. Held. Gr,. Niagara Gr. [Sig.
a small, soft feather.]

scitula. Hall. 1882, Foss. Corals, Niagara
and Up. Held. Gr., Niagara Gr. [Sig.
handsome.]
Halysites catenulatus, var. feildeni, Eth-
eridge, 1878, Quar. Jour. Geo. Soc,
vol. 34, Upper Silurian. [Ety. proper
name.]

catenulatus, var. harti. Etheridge, 1878,
Quar. Jour. Geo. Soc, vol. 34, Up.
Sil. [Ety. proper name.]

labyrinthica, Goldfuss, 1826 (Catenipora
labyrinthica), Petref. Germ. Niagara
Gr. [Sig. labyrinthine]

nexus, Davis (In press), Foss. Corals of
Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St. Geo. Sur.,
Niagara Gr. [Sig. linked together.]

parryi, Konig, 1824 (Catenipora parryi),
Supp. to App. of Capt. Parry's Voy-
age for the Discovery of a Northwest
Passage, Up. Sil. [Ety. proper name.]
Heliolites should be credited to Guettard,

Mem. 3, p. 454.
Heliophyllum acuminatum, Hall, 1882.
Foss. Corals, Niagara and Up. Held.
Gr., Corniferous limestone. [Sig.
acuminated.]

aequale, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals, Niagara
and Up. Held. Gr., Corniferous
limestone. [Sig. equal.]

aequum, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals, Nia-
gara and Up. Held. Gr., Corniferous
limestone. [Sig. even, level.]

alternatum, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals,
Niagara and Up. Held. Gr., Cornifer-
ous limestone. [Sig. alternated.]

annulatum. Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals, Nia-
gara and Up. Held. Gr., Corniferous
limestone. [Sig. annulated.]

campaniforme, Hall, 1S82, Foss. Corals,
Niagara and Up. Held. Gr., Cornifer-
ous limestone. [Sig. bell formed.]

canadense, Billings, 1859, Can. Jour.,

270

POLYPI.

vol. 4, Corniferous limestone. [Ety.
proper name.]
Heliophyllum cancellatum, Hall, 1882,
Fobs. Corals, Niagara and Up. Held.
Gr., Corniferous limestone. [Sig. can-
cellated.]
cayugaense, Billings, 1859, Can. Jour,
vol. 4, Corniferous limestone. [Ety.
proper name.]
compactum, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals,
Niagara and Up. Held. Gr., Cornifer-
ous limestone. [Sig. compact.]
dentatum, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals, Ni-
agara and Up. Held. Gr., Cornifer-
ous limestone. [Sig. toothed.]
denticulatum, Hall, 1882, Foss Corals,
Niagara and Up. Held. Gr., Cornifer-
ous limestone. [Sig. denticulated ]
dentilineatum, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals,
Niagara and Up. Held. Gr., Niagara
Gr. [Sig. tooth lined.]
distans, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals. Niagara
and Up. Held. Gr., Corniferous lime-
stone. [Sig. distant.]
fasciculatum, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals,
Niagara and Up. Held. Gr , Cor-
niferous limestone. [Sig. fasciculated.]
fecundum, Hall, 1882, Foss. ,. Corals,
Niagara and Up. Held. Gr., Cornifer-
ous limestone. [Sig. fruitful.]
fissuratum, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals,
Niagara and Up. Held. Gr., Cor-
niferous limestone. [Sig. fissured.]
gemmatum, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals,
Niagara and Up. Held. Gr., Cornifer-
ous limestone. [Sig. hudded.]
gemmiferum, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals,
Niagara and Up. Held. Gr., Niagara
Gr. [Sig. hud bearing.]
imhricatum, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals,
Niagara and Up. Held. Gr., Cor-
niferous limestone. [Sig. imbri-
cated.]
incrassatum, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals,
Niagara and Up. Held. Gr., Cor-
niferous limestone. [Sig. thickened.]
invaginatum, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals,
Niagara and Up. Held. Gr., Cornifer-
ous limestone [Sig. invaginated.]
latericrescens, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals,
Niagara and Up. Held. Gr., Cornifer-
ous limestone. [Sig. side growing.]
lineolatum, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals, Ni-
agara and Up. Held. Gr., Corniferous
limestone. [Sig. fine lined.]
initella, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals, Niagara
and Up. Held. Gr., Niagara Gr. [Sig.
a head hand.]
nettlerothi. Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals, Ni-
agara and Up. Held. Gr., Corniferous
limestone. [Ety. proper name.]
pocillatum, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals, Ni-
agara and Up. Held. Gr., Corniferous
limestone. [Sig. little cupped.]
pravum, Hall, 18a2, Foss. Corals, Ni-
agara and Up. Held. Gr., Niagara Gr.
[ttig. cooked.]
puteatum, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals, Ni-

agara and Up. Held. Gr., Niagara Gr.
[Sig. having a little well.]
Heliophyllum scyphulus, Hall, 1882. Foss.
Corals, Niagara and Up. Held. Gr.,
Corniferous limestone. [Sig. a small
cup.]
sordidum. Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals Nia-
gara and Up. Held. Gr., Corniferous
limestone. [Sig. poor ]
tenuimurale, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals,
Niagara and Up. Held. Gr., Cornifer-
ous limestone. [Sig. thin walled.]
venatum, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals, .
Niagara and Up. Held. Gr., Cor-
niferous limestone. [Sig. veined.]
verticale, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals,
Niagara and Up. Held. Gr., Cor-
niferous limestone. [Sig. vertical.]
Heterotrypa, Nicholson, 1879, Pal. Tab. Cor.,
p. 293. Proposed as a subgenus of
Monticulipora.
Ikocaexis arbuscula, Ulrich, 1879 Jour.
Gin. Soc. Nat Hist ,vol. 2, Hud. Riv.
Gr. [Sig. a little shrub.]
divaricatus, Hall, 1879, Desc New
Species Foss., Niagara Gr. [Sig.
spread apart.]
problematicus, Spencer, 1878, Can. Nat.,
vol. 8, Niagara Gr. [Sig. problem-
atic]
Leptopora typa should be referred to the
Marshall or Kinderhook Gr.
winchelli, White, 1879, Bull. U. S. Sur.,
vol. 5, No. 2, Carboniferous. [Ety.
proper name.]
Limaria lunata, Nicholson & Hinde, 1874
(Coenites lunata), Can. Jour., Ni-
agara Gr. [Sig. lunate.]
Llndstromia, Nicholson & Thompson,
1877, Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb., vol. 9.
[Ety. proper name.]
columnaris, Nicholson & Thompson,
1877, Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb., vol. 9,
Devonian. [Sig. columnar.]
Lithostrotion harmodites, Edwards &
Haime, 1851, Mon. d. Pol. foss. d.
Terr. Pal., Carboniferous. [Sig.
well-fitting stone.]
junceum, Fleming, 1828 (Caryophyllsea
juncea). Brit. Anim., Subcarbonifer-
ous. From Feilden Isthmus, the
most northern point of land. [Sig.
r made of rushes.]

microstylum, White, 1880, 12th Rep.,
U. S. Sur. Terr., Kinderkook Gr.
[Sig. having small stalks.]
stokesi, Edwards & Haime, 1851, Mon.
d. Pol foss. d. Terr. Pal., Carbonifer-
ous. [Etv. proper name.]
whitneyi. Meek. 1875, Wheeler's Sur.
W. 100th meridian, vol. 4, Coal Meas.
[Ety. proper name.]
Lophophyllum calceula, see Zaphrentis cal-

ceola.
Lyellia americana is from the Niagara
Group.
qlahra, Owen. 1840 (Sarcinula glabra),
Rep. on Mineral Lands, Devonian.

POLYPI.

271

[Sig. smooth.] This species was too

poorly defined for identification,
puella, Davis (In press). Foss. Corals of

Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St. Geo. Sur.,

Niagara Gr. [Sig. a young thing.]
Michelixia clappi, refer to Chonostegites

clappi. •
expansa, White, 1880. 12th Rep., U. S.

Geo. Sur. Terr., Kinderhook Gr.

[Sig. exp mded.J
niagarensis. Davis (In press). Foss.

Corals of Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St.

Geo. Sur., Niagara Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
placenta, White, 1880, 12th Pep., U. S.

Geo. Sur. Terr., Kinderhook Gr.

[Sig. a cake.]
plana, Davis (In press), Foss. Corals of

Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St. Geo. Sur.,

Up. Devonian. [Sig. flat, from the

flat tabulae.]
prima, Davis (In press), Foss. Corals of

Ky., in vol. l,Pal. Ky. St. Geo. Sur.,

Niagara Gr. [Sig. first.]
trochiscus, Rominger, is a syn. for Pleu-

rodictyum americanum.
Milleria, Davis (In press), Foss. Corals of

Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St. Geo. Sur.

[Ety. proper name.]
laminata, Davis (In press), Foss. Corals

of Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St. Geo.

Sur., Niagara Gr. [Sig arranged in

thin plates.]
Moxograptus convolutus var. coppingeri,

Etheridge. 1878, Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc, vol. 34, Silurian. [Ety. proper

name.]
Monotrypa, Nicholson, 1879, Pal. Tab. Cor.,

p. 320. Proposed as a subgenus of

Monticnlipora.
Monticulipora andrewsi, Nicholson, 1881,

Struct, and Affin. of Montic, Hud.

Riv. Gr. [Ety. proper name.] This

is supposed to be the type of M.

fibrosa,
barrandei should be referred to the Ham.

Gr.
briareus belongs to the Utica Slate Gr.,

and so far as known, does not pass up

into the Hud. Riv. Gr.
calceolus. Miller & Dyer, 1878, Jour.

Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 1, Hud. Riv.

Gr. [Sig. a little shoe.]
dawsoni, Nicholson, 1881, Struct, and

Affin. of Montic, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
elegans, Ulrica, 1879 (Chetetes elegans),

Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 2,

Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. elegant.]
filiasa, D'Orbigny, 1850, Prodr. de Pal.

Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. having off-
shoots.]
fietcheri is not an American species,
granulifera, Ulrich, 1879 (Chetetes gran-

uliferus). Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist.,

vol. 2, Trenton Gr. [Sig. grain bear-
ing-]
implicata, Nicholson, 1881, Struct, and

Affin. of Montic, Hud. Riv. Gr.
[Sig. implicated.]
Monticulipora irregularis, Ulrich, 1879,
(Chetetes irregularis,) Jour. Cin. Soc.
Nat. Hist., vol. 2, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig.
irregular.]

molesta, Nicholson, 1881, Struct, and
Affin. of Montic, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig.
troublesome.] Syn. for M. mammu-
lata(?).

moniliformis, instead of Chetetes moni-
liformis.

multituberculata, Whitfield, 1878. Ann.
Rep. Geo. Sur. Wis.. Hud. Riv. Gr.
[•Sig. having many tubercles.]

petasiformis, Nicholson, 1881, Struct,
and Affin. of Montic, Hud. Riv. Gr.
[Sig. like a broad-brimmed hat.]

punctata, Whitfield, 1878, Ann. Rep.
Geo. Sur. Wis., Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig.
punctured.]

ramosa, D'Orbigny, 1850, Prodr. d.
Pal., t. 1, .p. 25, Hud. Riv. Gr.
[Sig. ramose.]

rectangularis, Whitfield, 1878, Ann. Rep.
Geo. Sur. Wis., Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig.
rectangular.]

selwyni, Nicholson, 1881, Struct, and
Affin. of Montic, Trenton Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]

selwyni, var. hospitalis, Nicholson, 1881,
Struct, and Affin. of Montic, Hud.
Riv. Gr. [Sig. relating to a guest.]

subglobosa,, Ulrich, 1879 (Chetetes sub-
globosus), Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist.,
vol. 2, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. subglo-
bosc]

trentonensis, Nicholson, 1881, Struct, and
Affin. of Montic, Trent. Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]

ulrichi, Nicholson, 1881, Structure and
Affinities of the genus Monticulipora,
Hud. Riv. Gr. [Ety. proper name]
Nicholson subdivided the genus Mon-
ticulipora in the above mentioned
work into six subgenera, viz. : He-
terotrypa, Diplotrypa, Monotrypa, Pras-
opora, and Peronopora. I endeavored
to show, in a notice of the work, pub-
lished in the Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat.
Hist., vol. 5, that this subdivision of
the genus is of very little if any value.

undulata, Nicholson, 1875 (Chetetes un-
dulatus) Pal. of Ontario, Hud. Riv.
Gr. [Sig. undulated.]

venusta, Ulrich, 1878 (Chetetes venus-
tus), Jour. Cin. Soc Nat. Hist., vol.
1, Utica Slate Gr. [Sig. beautiful.]

whiteavesi, Nicholson, 1881, Struct, and
Affin. of Montic, Trenton Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]
Nicholsonia, Davis (In press), Foss. Cor-
als of Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St. Geo.
Sur. [Ety. proper name ]

angulata, Davis (In press), Foss. Corals
ofKy.,in vol 1, Pal. Ky. St. Geo.
Sur., Mid. Devonian [Sig. having
angles.]

272

POLYPI.

Omphyma verrucosa, should be credited to
Rafinesque and Clifford, 1820, Monog.
d. Turbinolides in Ann. d. phys. d.
Brux., t. 5.

Pachypora, Lindstrom 1873, Ofversigt af
K. Vetensk. Akad. Forhandl. [Ety.
pachys, thick; poros, a pore.]
fischeri instead of Alveolites flscheri.
frondosa instead of Alveolites frondosus.

Pal^eocyclus was defined in Comptes ren-
dus, t. 29.

Peronopora, Nicholson, 1881, Struct, and
Affln. of Montic. Proposed as a sub-
genus of Monticulipora.

Phillipsastrea ingens Davis, (In press),
Foss. Corals of Ky., in vol. 1, Pal.
Ky. St. Geo. Sur., Niagara Gr. [Sig.
very large.]
mamillaris refer to Strombodes maniill-
aris.

PLEURODiCTYUMamericanum. Rcemer, 1876,
Lethsea Palaeozotea, pi. 33, figs. 2a and
2b, Ham. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

Plxjmalina is refered by Prof. Hall to the
family Plumularidae.
densa, Hall, 1879, 30th Rep., N. Y.
State Museum, Ham. Gr. [Sig.
dense.]

Prasopora, Nicholson & Etheridge, 1877,
Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 4th ser.,
vol. 20, p. 38. A subgenus of Mon-
ticulipora including M. selwyni, and
M. selwyni var. hospi talis.

Procteria, Davis (In press,), Foss. Corals
of Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St. Geo.
Sur. ' [Ety. proper name.]
inichelinoidea, Davis (In press), Foss.
Corals of Ky.. in vol. 1. Pal. Ky. St.
Geo. Sur., Mid. Devonian. [Sig. re-
sembling Michelinia.]
papulosa, Davis (In press), Foss. Corals
of Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St. Geo.
Sur., Mid. Devonian. [Sig. having
small prominences.]

Ptilograptus foliaceus, Spencer, 1878,
Can. Nat., vol. 8, Niagara Gr. [Sig.
leafy.]

Ptychophyllum coniferum, Davis (In
press), Foss. Corals of Ky., in vol. 1,
Pal. Ky. St. Geo. Sur., Low. Devon-
ian. [Sig. cone bearing.]
diaphragma, Davis (In press), Foss
Corals of Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St.
Geo. Sur., Low. Devonian. [Sig. a
diaphragm.]
floriforme, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals, Ni-
agara and Up. Held. Gr., Niagara Gr.
[Sig. flower formed.]
fulcratum, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals, Ni-
agara and Up. Held. Gr., Niagara Gr.
[Sig. stayed with props.]
infundibulum, Meek, 1877, U. S. Geo.
Sur., 40th parallel, Devonian. [Sig.
a funnel.]
invaginatum, Davis (In press). Foss.
Corals of Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St.
Geo. Sur , Niagara Gr. [Sig. in-
cased, cup in cup.]

Ptychophyllum ipomoea, Davis (In press),
Foss. Corals of Ky., in vol. 1, Pal.
Ky. St. Geo. Sur., Niagara Gr. [Sig.
a morning glory.]
striatum, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals, Ni-
agara and Up. Held. Gr., Cornifer-
ous limestone. [Sig. striated.]
tropceum. Davis (In press), Foss.
Corals of Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St.
Geo. Sur.. Low. Devonian. [Sig.
returning.]
typicum, Davis (In press), Foss. Corals
of Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St. Geo.
Sur., Mid. Devonian. [Sig. typical.]
versiforme, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals, Ni-
agara and Up. Held. Gr., Cornifer-
ous limestone. [Sig. changeable.]
Quenstedtia, Rominger, 1876, being pre-
occupied by Morris & Lycett, in
1853, Nicholson proposed Rom-
ingeria.
Rhizograptus, Spencer, 1878, Can. Nat.,
vol. 8. [Ety. riza, a root; grapho,
to write.]
bulbosus, Spencer, 1878, Can. Nat., vol.
8, Niagara Gr. [Sig. bulbous.]
Romingeria, Nicholson, 1879, Tabulate
Corals. Proposed instead of Quen-
stedtia, Rominger, which was pre-
occupied,
fascieulata, Davis (In press), Foss.
Corals of Ky.. in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St.
Geo. Sur., Mid. Devonian. [Sig.
arranged in little bundles.]
inerustans, Davis (In press), Foss.
Cords of Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St.
Geo. Sur., Low. and Mid. Devonian.
[Sig. incrustating.]
uva, Davis (In press), Foss. Corals of
Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St. Geo. Surv
Niagara Gr. and Devonian. [Sig.
a bunch or cluster of grapes.]
vannula, Davis (In press), Foss. Corals
of Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St. Geo.
Sur., Niagara Gr. [Sig. a little fan.]
Sarcinula glabra, see Lyellia glabra.
Smithia hennahi, Lonsdale, 1840 (Astraea
hennahi), Geo. Trans., vol. 5, Devon-
ian. [Ety. proper name.]
Stellipora limitaris, Ulrich, syn. for S.

antheloidea.
Strephodes austini, see Clisiophyllum aus-
tini.
pickthorni, see Cyathophyllum pick-
thorni.
Streptelasma aequidistans, Hall, 1882, Foss.
Corals, Niagara and Up. Held. Gr.,
Corniferous limestone. [Sig. equi-
distant.]
ampliatum, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals, Ni-
agara and Up. Held. Gr., Corniferous
limestone. [Sig. enlarged.]
coarctatum, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals, Ni-
agara and Up. Held. Gr., Corniferous
limestone. [Sig. compressed.]
conspicuum, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals,
Niagara and Up. Held. Gr., Cornifer-
ous limestone. [Sig. conspicuous.]

POLYPI.

273

Streptelasma crateriforme, Hall, 1882,
Foss Corals, Niagara and Up. Held.
Gr., Corniferous limestone. [Sig.
crateriform]

dissimile, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals, Ni-
agara and Up. Held. Gr., Schoharie
Grit. [Sig. dissimilar.]

exstans. Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals, Niagara
and Up. Held. Gr., Niagara Gr. [Sig.
projecting.]

fossnla, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals, Niag-
ara and Up. Held. Gr., Corniferous
limestone. [Sig. a little ditch. 1

inflatum, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals, Ni-
agara and Up. Held. Gr., Corniferous
limestone. [Sig. inflated.]

involutum, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals, Ni-
agara and Up. Held. Gr., Corniferous
limestone. [Sig. involuted.]

lamellatum, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals, Ni-
agara and Up. Held. Gr., Corniferous
limestone. [Sig. lamellated.]

laterarium, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals, Ni-
agara and Up. Held. Gr., Corniferous
limestone. [Sig. belonging to the
side.]

limitare, Hall. 1882, Foss. Corals, Ni-
agara and Up. Held. Gr., Niagara Gr.
[big. that is on the border.]

mammiferum, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals,
Niagara and Up. Held. Gr., Cornifer-
ous limestone. [Sig. mamma bear-
ing-]

minimum, syn. for Duncanella borealis.

papillatum, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals, Ni-
agara and Up. Held. Gr., Corniferous
limestone. [Sig. papillated.]

simplex, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals, Ni-
agara and Up. Held. Gr., Corniferous
limestone. [Sig. simple.]

tenue, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals Niagara
and Up. Held. Gr., Corniferous lime-
stone. [Sig. slender.]
Striatopora alba, Davis (In press) Foss.
Corals of Ky. in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St.
Geo. Sur., Mid. and Up. Devonian.
[Sig. White.]

formosa, Billings, 1860, Can. Jour., vol.
5, Corniferous Gr. [Sig. beautiful.]
Stromatocerium is a sponge, and belongs to

the Protista.
Stromatopora is a sponge, and belongs to the
Protista.

alternata is Stomatopora alternata.

hindei belongs to the Niagara Gr.
Strombodes incertus, Davis (In press),
Foss. Corals of Kv-., in vol. 1, Pal.
Ky. St. Geo. Sur, Niagara Gr. [Sig.
of doubtful affinity.]

intermedins, Davis (In press), Foss.
Corals of Ky. in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St.
Geo. Sur., Niagara Gr. [Sig. inter-
mediate, between S.*pentagonus and
S. mammillatus.]

knotti, Davis (In press), Foss. Corals of
Ky. in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St. Geo. Sur.,
Low. and Mid. Devonian. lEty.
proper name.]

Strombodes mammillatus should be written

5. mamillaris, Owen, 1840 (Astrsea
mamillaris), Rep. on Min. Lands, Ni-
agara Gr.

quadrangularis, Davis (In press). Foss.

Corals of Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St.

Geo. Sur. Niagara Gr. [Sig. four

angled.]
sinemurus, Davis (In press), Foss Corals

of Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St. Geo.

Sur., Niagara Gr. [Sig. without a

wall.]
unicus, Davis (In press), Foss. Corals of

Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St. Geo. Sur.,

Niagara Gr. [Sig. single.]
Stylastrea, Lonsdale, 1845, Geol. and Pal.

of Russia and the Ural Mountains.

[Ety. stylos, a pillar; aster, a star.]
anna, Whitfield, 1882, Ann. N. Y. Acad.

Sci., vol. 2. Up. Held. Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
Syringolites, Hinde, 1879, Geo. Mag. vol.

6. [Ety. syrinx, a pipe ; lithos, stone.]
huronensis, Hinde, 1879, Geo. Mag.,

vol. 6, Niagara Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]
Syringopora aulopora, Salter, 1855, Bel-
cher's last of the Arctic Voyages,
vol. 2. Carboniferous. [Sig. a porous
pipe.]

harveyi belongs to the Choteau or Kin-
derhook Gr.

infundibulum, Whitfield, 1878, Ann.
Rep. Geo. Sur. Wis., Niagara Gr.
[Sig. a funnel.]

intermedia is from the Ham. Gr.

parallela, Etheridge, 1878, Quar. Jour.
Geo. Soc, vol. 34, Up. Sil. [Sig.
parallel.]

stramine*, Davis (In press), Foss Corals
of Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St. Geo.
Sur., Low. Devonian. [Sig. a bundle
of straws.]
THAMNOGRAPTUsbartonensis, Spencer, 1878,
Can. Nat., vol. 8, Niagara Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]
Trachypora ornata instead of Dendropora

ornata.
Trochophyllum, Edwards & Haime, 1851,
Mon. d. Pol. foss. d. Terr. Pal. [Ety.
trochos, a wheel; phyllon, a leaf.]

verneuilianum, Edwards & Haime, 1851,
Mon. d. Pol. foss. d. Terr. Pal., Sub-
carboniferons. [Ety. proper name.]
Zaphrentis acuta, White & Whitfield,
1862, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol.
9, Marshall or Choteau Gr. [Sig.
acute.]

annulata, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals, Ni-
agara and Up. Held. Gr., Corniferous
limestone. [Sig. annulated.]

calcariformis, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals,
Niagara and Up. Held. Gr., Cornifer-
ous limestone. [Sig. spur formed.]

calceola, White and Whitfield, 1862 (Lo-
phophvllum calceola), Proc. Bost.
Soc, Nat. Hist., vol. 9, Marshall or
Choteau Gr. [Sig. a little shoe.]

274

POLYPI.

Zaphrextis cannonensis, Winchell, is from
the Choteau or Kinderhook Gr.

casssedayi, Milne-Edwards, 1860, Hist,
d. Corallaires, t. 3, Warsaw Gr.
[Ety. proper name ]

centralis, Edwards & Haime, 1851, Mon.
d. Pol. Foss. cl. Terr. Pal., Carbon-
iferous. [Sig. central.]

cliffordana, Edwards & Haime, 1>51,
Mon. d. Pol. Foss. d. Terr. Pal., Car-
boniferous. [Ety. proper name.]

colletti, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals. Niagara
and Up. Held. Gr., Corniferous lime-
stone. [Ety. proper name.]

complanata, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals,
Niagara and Up. Held. Gr., Cornifer-
ous limestone. [Sig. made even.]

compressa, Milne-Edwards, 1860, Hist,
d. Corallaires, t. 3, Warsaw Gr. [Sig.
compressed.]

concava, Hall. 1882, Foss. Corals, Ni-
agara and Up. Held. Gr., Corniferous
limestone. [Sig. concave.]

constricta, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals, Ni-
agara and Up. Held. Gr., Corniferous
limestone. [Sig. constricted.]

contorta, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals, Ni-
agara and Up. Held. Gr., < orniferous
limestone. [Sig. contorted.]

convoluta, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals, Ni-
agara and Up. Held. Gr., Corniferous
limestone. [Sig. convoluted.]

cornalba, Davis (In press), Foss. Corals
of Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St. Geo.
Sur.. Up. Devonian. [Sig. white
horn.]

cornicula, Lesueur, 1820, Mem. du
Museum, vol. 1, instead of cornicu-
lum, Edwards & Haime.

corrugata, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals, Ni-
agara and Up. Held. Gr., Schoharie
Grit. [Sig. corrugated.]

cristulata, Hall, 1882. Foss. Corals, Ni-
agara and Up. Held. Gr., Niagara Gr.
[Sig. small crested.]

curvata, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals, Ni-
agara and Up. Held. Gr., Corniferous
limestone. [Sig. curved.]

cyathiformis, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals,
Niagara and Up. Held. Gr., Cornifer-
ous Gr. [Sig. cup-shaped.]

dalei, Edwards & Haime, 1851, Mon. d.
Pol. Foss. d. Terr. Pal., Subcarbon-
iferous. [Ety. proper name.]

denticulata, d'Eichwald, 1857. Probably
not American.

desori, Edwards & Haime, 1851, Mon.
d. Pol. Foss. de Terr. Pal., Low.
Held. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

duplicata, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals, Ni-
agara and Up. Held. Gr., Corniferous
limestone. [Sig. duplicated.]

elegans, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals, Ni-
agara and Up. Held. Gr., Cornifer-
ous limestone. [Sig. elegant.]

elliptica, Davis (In press), Foss. Corals
ofKy.,in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St. Geo.

Sur., Low. Devonian.. [Sig. ellip-
tical.]
Zaphrextis excentrica, Meek, 1872, Hay-
den's U. S. Geo. Sur. Terr., Coal
Meas. [Sig. excentric]

exigua, var. elongata, Davis (In press),
Foss Corals of Ky., in vol. 1, Pal.
Ky., St. Geo. Sur., Low. Devonian.
[Sig. lengthened.]

exilis. Davis (In press), Foss. Corals of
Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St. Geo. Sur.,
Mid. Devonian. [Sig. thin, fragile.]

explanata, Davis (In press), Foss. Corals
of Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St. Geo.
Sur., Up Devonian. [Sig. spread
out.]

fastigata, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals, Ni-
agara and Up. Held. Gr., Cornifer-
ous limestone. [Sig. pointed.]

foliata. Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals, Ni-
agara and Up. Held. Gr., Cornifer-
ous limestone. [Sig. leafy.]

frequentata, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals,
Niagara and Up. Held. Gr., Cornifer-
ous limestone. [Sig. frequent. j

fusiformis, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals,
Niagara and Up. Held. Gr., Cor-
niferous limestone. [Sig. fusiform.]

gallicalcar, Davis (In press), Foss.
Corals of Ky., in vol. 1. Pal Ky. St.
Geo. Sur., Up. Devonian. [Sig.
cock's spur.]

genitiva, Billings, 1875, Can. Nat. and
Quar. Jour., vol. 7, Corniferous Gr.
[Sig. original.]

gigantea, Lesueur, 1820, Mem. du
Museum, vol. 6, instead of Kafinesque.

glans refer to Hadrophyllunrglans.

gravis, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals, Ni-
agara and Up. Held. Gr., Cornifer-
ous limestone. [Sig. ponderous.]

halli, Edwards & Haime, Mon. d. Pol.
foss. d. Terr. Pal., Ham. Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]

haysi, Meek, 1865, Am. Jour. Sci. &
Arts, 2d ser., vol. 40, Low. Held. Gr.
[Ety. proper name.]

herzeri, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals, Ni-
agara and Up. Held. Gr., Cornifer-
ous limestone. [Ety. proper name.]

immanis, Davis (In press), Foss. Corals
of Ky., in vol. 1, Pal Ky. St. Geo.
Sur., Mid. Devonian. [Sig. im-
mense.]

insequalis, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals,
Niagara and Up. Held. Gr., Cor-
niferous limestone. [Sig. unequal.]

inclinata, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals, Ni-
agara and Up. Held. Gr., Cornifer-
ous limestone. [Sig. inclined.]

irregularis, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals,
Niagara and Up. Held. Gr., Cor-
niferous limestone. [Sig. irregular.]

knappi, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals, Ni-
agara and Up. Held. Gr., Cornifer-
ous limestone. [Ety. proper name.]

latisinus, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals, Ni-

POLYPI.

275

agara and Up. Held. Gi\, Niagara
Gr [Sig. having a wide sinus.]
Zaphrextis linneyi, Davis (In press), Foss.
Corals of Ky., in vol. 1. Pal. Ky. St.
Geo Sur., Devonian. [Ety. proper
name.]

niaconathi, Davis (In press). Foss. Cor-
als of Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St. Geo.
Sur., Low. and Mid. Devonian. [Ety.
proper name.]

marcoui, Edwards & Haime, 1851, Mon.
d. Pol: Foss. d. Terr. Pal., Niagara
Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

nettlerotni, Davis (In press), Foss.
Corals of Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St.
Geo. Sur., Up. Devonian. [Ety.
proper name.]

nitida, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals, Ni-
agara and Up. Held. Gr., Cornifer-
ous limestone. [Sig. neat.]

obliqua, Davis (In press), Foss. Corals
of Ky.. in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St. Geo.
Sur., Niagara Gr. [Sig. oblique, in-
clined.]

offleyensis, Etheridge, 1878, Quar. Jour.
Geo., vol. 34, Up. Sil. [Ety. proper
name.]

ovalis, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals, Niagara
and Up. Held. Gr., Corniferous lime-
stone. [Sig. oval.]

ovibos, Salter, 1855, Belcher's last of the
Arctic voyages, vol. 2, Carboniferous.
[Sig. the musk ox.]

patella, Davis (In press), Foss. Corals of
Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St. Geo. Sur.,
Hud. Kiv. and Niagara Gr. [Sig. a
dish.]

planima, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals, Ni-
agara and Up. Held. Gr., Corniferous
limestone. [Sig. plane.]

ponderosa, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals, Ni-
agara and Up. Held. Gr., Corniferous
limestone. [Sig. ponderous.]

pressula, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals, Ni-
agara and Up. Held. Gr., Niagara Gr.
[Sig. somewhat compressed.]

profunda, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals, Ni-
agara and Up. Held. Gr., Corniferous
limestone. [Sig. profound.]

prona, Milne-Edwards, 1860, Hist. d.
Corollaires, Warsaw Gr. [Sig. bent
forward.]

pulmonea, Lesueur, 1820 (Caryophyllia
pulmonea, Mem. du Museum, vol. 6,
Carboniferous. [Sig. spongy.]

racinensis, Whitfield, 1880, Ann. Kep.
Geo. Sur. Wis., Niagara Gr. [Ety.
proper name ]

rafinesquei, Edwards & Haime, 1851,

Mon. d. Pol. foss. d. Terr. Pal., Up,
Held. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Zaphrextis rigida, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals,
Niagara and Up. Held. Gr., Niagara
Gr. [Sig. rigid.]

roemeri, Edwards & Haime, 1851, Mon.
d. Pol. foss. d. Terr. Pal., Delthyris
shale. [Ety. proper name.]

scutella, Davis vln press), Foss. Corals
of Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St. Geo.
Sur., Hud.Eiv. and Niagara Gr. [Sig.
a saucer.]

sentosa, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals, Niagara
and Up. Held. Gr., Corniferous lime-
stone. [Sig. thorny.]

socialis, Davis (In press), Foss. Corals of
Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St. Geo. Sur.
Niagara Gr. [Sig. gregarious, soci-
able.]

spissa, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals, Niagara
and Up. Held. Gr., Corniferous lime-
stone. [Sig. dense.]

subcompressa, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals,
Niagara and Up. Held. Gr., Cornifer-
ous limestone. [Sig. somewhat com-
pressed. 1

subvada, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals, Ni-
agara and Up. Held. Gr., Niagara Gr.
[Sig. somewhat shallow.]

subvesicularis, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals,
Niagara and Up. Held. Gr., Niagara,
Gr. [Sig. somewhat vesicular.]

tabulata, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals, Ni-
agara and Up. Held. Gr., Cornifer-
ous limestone. [Sig. tabulated.] '

torquata, Davis (In press), Foss. Corals
ofKy., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St. Geo.
Sur., Mid. Devonian. [Sig. twisted.]

torta, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals, Niagara
and Up. Held. Gr., Corniferous
limestone. [Sig. twisted.]

transversa, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals, Ni-
agara and Up. Held. Gr., Cornifer-
ous limestone. [Sig. transverse.]

trigemma, Davis (In press). Foss. Corals
of Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St. Geo.
Sur., Low. and Mid. Devonian. [Sig.
bearing three buds.]

trisutura, Hall, 1882, Foss Corals, Ni-
agara and Up. Held. Gr., Cornifer-
ous limestone. [Sig. having three
sutures.]

unica, Davis (In press), Foss. Corals of
Ky., in vol. 1, Pal. Ky. St. Geo. Sur.,
Low. Devonian. [Sig. unique, ex-
traordinary.]

venusta, Hall, 1882, Foss. Corate, Ni-
agara and Up. Held. Gr., Cornifer-
ous limestone. [Sig. beautiful.]

276 ECHINODERMATA.

CLASS ECHINODERMATA.

ORDER CRINOIDEA.

FAMILY ACROCRINID^.— Acrocrinus.

FAMILY ACTINOCRINID^E.— Actinocrinus, Agaricocrinus, Alloprosallocrinus, Am-

phoraerinus, Batocrinus, Ctelocrinus, Dorycrinus, Eretmocrinus, Gennseocrinus,

Megistocrinus, Physetocrinus, Saccocrinus, Steganocrinus, Stereocrinus, Stroto-

crinus, Teleiocrinus.
FAMILY ALLAGECRINID^E.— Allagecrinus.
FAMILY ANCYROCRINID^E.— Ancyrocrinus.
FAMILY BELEMNOCRINID^.-Belemnocrinus.
FAMILY CALCEOCRINLTLE.— Calceocrinus, Eucheirocrinus.
FAMILY CALYPTOCRINID^E.— Eucalyptocrinus, Hypanthocrinus.
FAMILY CUPRESSOCRINID^E.— Aspidocrinus, Edriocrinue, Synbathocrinus.
FAMILY CYATHOCRINID^E.— Ampheristocrinus, Arachnocrinus, Barycrinus, Cara-

bocrinus, Cyathocrinus, Mpterocrinus, Pachyocrinus, Palfeocrinus, Vasocrinus.
FAMILY DIMEROCRINID^E.— Cytocrinus, Dolatocrinus, Macrostylocrinus.
FAMILY GASTEROCOMID^E.— Myrtillocrinus.
FAMILY GLYPTOCRINID.E.— Archadocrinus, Cupulocrinns, Glyptaster, Glypto-

crinus, Lampterocrinus, Retiocrinus, Xenocrinus.
FAMILY HAPLOCRINID^.— Coccocrinus, Haplocrinus.

FAMILY HETEROCRLNTD^E.— Erisocrinus, Graphiocrinus, Hetei*ocrinus, Iocrinus.
FAMILY HYBOCRLSriDJE.— Anomalocrinus, Hybocrinus.
FAMILY ICHTHYOORINID^E.— Cleiocrinus, Homalocrinus, Ichthyocrinus, Lecan-

ocrinus, Mespilocrinus.
FAMILY MELOCRINTD^E. — Ctenocrinus, Mariacrinus, Melocrinus, Technocrinus.
FAMILY PISOCRINID^E.— Catillocrinus, Pisocrinus.
FAMILY PLATYCRINID./E.— Cordylocrinus, Cotyledonocrinus, Dichocrinus, Euclad-

ocrinus, Marsupiocrinus, Platycrinus, Pterotocrinus, Talarocrirms.
FAMILY POTERIOCRINIDJE— Agassizocrinus, Bursacrinus, Coeliocrinus, Cromyo-

crinus, Decadocrinus, Dendrocrinus, Eupachycrinus, Homocrinue, Hydreiono-

crinus, Pachy Iocrinus, Parisocrinus, Porocrinus, Poteriocrinus, Scaphiocrinus,

Scytalocrinus, Zeacrinus.
FAMILY RHODOCRINIDiE. — Goniasteroidocrinus, Hadrocrinus, Lyriocrirms, Rho-

docrinus, Thysanocrinus.
FAMILY STELIDOCRINID^.— Schizocrinus.

FAMILY TAXOCRINID^E.— Forbesiocrinus, Onychocrinus, Taxocrinus.
FAMILY AFFINITY UNCERTAIN.— Brachiocrinus, Closterocrinus, Cystocrinus,

Dictyocrinus, Syringocrinus.

ORDER CYSTOIDEA.

FAMILY AMYGDALOCYSTID^E.— Amygdalocystites, Malocystites, Palseocystites.
FAMILY ANOMALOCYSTID^E.— Anomalocystites, Ateleocystites.
FAMILY CARYOCRINID^E.— Caryocrinus, Heterocystites.
FAMILY COMAROCYSTIDJE.— Comarocystites.
FAMILY ECHINOCYSTID^E.— Echinocystites.

ECHIXODERMATA. 277

FAMILY GOMPHOCYSTIL^E.— Gomphocystites.

FAMILY HOLOCYSTTD^.— Crinoeystites, Holocystites.

FAMILY HYBOCYSTID^E.— Hybocystites.

FAMILY LEPADOCRIXID^E.— Apiocystites, Callocystites, Echino-encrinites, Glyp-

tocystites, Lepadocrinus, Pleurocystites, Sphaerocystites.
FAMILY UXCERTAIX.— Eoeystites.

ORDER BLASTOIDEA.

FAMILY XUCLEOCRIXID^E.— Xucleocrinus.

FAMILY PEXTREMITID^E.— Blastoidocrinus, Granatocrinus, Pentremites, Troosto-

crinus.
FAMILY STEPHAXOCRIXID^E — Codaster, Codonites, Eleutherocrinus, Stephan-

ocrinus.

ORDER PERISHO-ECHINID^E.

FAMILY ARCHyEOCIDARID^E.— Archaeocidaris, Eocidaris, Lepidocldaris, Pholido-

eidaris.
FAMILY LEPIDECHIXID^.— Lepidechinus, Lepidesthes.
FAMILY PAL^ECHIXID^.— Melonites, Oligoporus, Palaechinus.

ORDER ASTEROIDEA.

FAMILY P A L^E A STERTD^B , — Onychaster, Palaeaster, Palaeasterina, Petraster,
Schaenaster, Stenaster.

ORDER OPHIUROIDEA.

Eugaster, Palaeocoma, Protaster, Ptilonaster, Teeniaster.

ORDER AGELACRINOIDEA, n. ord. and n, fam.

This order is proposed to include, so far as known, only the family Agelacrinidae, and
each may, therefore, be defined as follows :

Body thin, circular and parasitic upon other objects. The lower side consists of a
thin, smooth, attaching membrane or plate. The upper side is more or less convex, and
composed of thin, squamiform or imbricating plates, usually much smaller at the per-
iphery than toward the center. Ambulacra constituting part of the convex surface
furrowed on the interior, and composed of a double series of transverse alternating plates,
sometimes having smaller, middle, intercalated ones. Two or more rows of ambulacral
pores connect the exterior with the interior of each ambulacrum. The so-called ovarian
or anal aperture is situated in one of the inter-ambulacral areas, and is usually surrounded
by cuneiform plates forming a depressed circular prominence. The genera belonging to
this order and family are Agelacrinus, Edrioaster and Hemicy6tites.

ORDER LICHENOCRINOIDEA, n. ord. and n. fam.

This division of the fossil Echinodermata, and the family Lichenocrinidae, are
established upon the genus Lichenocrinus.

The definition of the order and family will be the same, as both are founded on a
single genus.

The body attached during part or all of its life to foreign objects. It is circular, con-
vex upon the upper side, and more or less crateriform surrounding the central stalk-like
appendage. The lower side at some period of life possessed a thin attaching plate. The
upper side is covered with numerous polygonal plates, without any evidence of the
presence of ambulacra, arms, mouth, pectinated rhombs or pores connecting the exterior
with the internal cavity. The interior of the visceral. cavity contains numerous radiating

278 ECHIXODEEMATA.

upright lamellae that support the polygonal plates of the upper side, and often leave their
impression, like the radiations of a star, upon the object to which it was attached. The
stalk rises from the central depressed area, and consists, at first, of interlocking plates,
hut, afterward, of circular ones, like those of a crinoid column, and finally tapers to a
point. It was flexible and perforated with a longitudinal channel, though the perforation
has not been satisfactorily ascertained at the upper terminating point.

ORDER MYELODA.CTYLOIDEA, n. ord.
This division of the fossil Echinodermata is established as follows :
Body free, discoidal, and possessed of an internal radiating system of pores, which
increase, by division, from the center to a tubular channel in the circular margin or sur-
rounding coil. There are two families referred to this order, the Myelodactylidae and
the Oyclocystoididae. In the former, the radiating and circular systems become com-
plicated, by the connection, between succeeding coils and through the flattened connect-
ing finger-like processes ; in the latter, the arrangement is more simple, as the interior
radiations connect with a single marginal circular system. The external form and in-
ternal structure are so essentially distinct from other well defined orders, that the tech-
nical names, used in description, have no ascertained application. That is, we can not
intelligently apply the words calyx, ambulacra,- arm, etc., to any part of these peculiar
organisms. This order has been suggested with hesitation, because there still exists a
possibility that My elodaetylus belongs, in some manner, to the vault of a crinoid, but
the author thinks there is not much probability of such connection.

FAMILY MYELODACTYLIDGE, n. /am.
This family is founded upon the single genus Myelodactylus, and defined as follows :
Body free, discoidal, and resembling a coil rolled in the same plane, and covered
upon either side by finger-like processes from each succeeding turn overlapping the
next inner one. The whorls are composed of a series of plates, having a tubular channel
within, and perforated and finger-like processes upon the exterior, directed toward the
center, and flattened down upon the next inner whorl to which they are attached, and
form a porous connection from the tubular channel of one Avhorl to the next inner one.
The cast of the pores of the inner whorl resemble the radiating spokes of a wheel : they
are multiplied in connecting the tubular channels of each succeeding whorl, thus making
the internal radiating system doubly complicated. The central aperture, if one exists,
has not been discovered, and the structure of the terminal end of the anonnlous coil is
wholly unknown. The internal radiating system of pores may be compared with that
of the family Cyclocystoididfe, and here the analogy in structure, with other families in
the class Echinodermata, so far as known, ceases. The terminal end of the coil being
unknown hus led to the suggestion of the possibility of its having been connected with
the vault of a crinoid, but as no genus is known having any such appendage, and some
classification seeming desirable, this family has been proposed. '

FAMILY CYCLOCYSTOIDID^E, n. fam.
~ This family is founded upon the single genus Cyclocystoides, and defined as follows :
Body free, consisting of a circular disk, and having a margin composed of a series of
perforated plates. Within this marginal series the disk is covered with an integument of
small plates, except, possibly, a small central aperture. The rim or marginal series
contains a tubular channel, making the complete circle, which is connected with the in-
terior, by numerous pores, that radiate from the center, and repeatedly bifurcate be-
fore reaching it. The inner side of the rim is grooved, for the reception of the internal
part of the disk, and the outer side depressed and scarred, either by mammillary eleva-
tions or concave depressions, as if for the attachment of ossicular or other processes.
The tubular channel is connected with the exterior by minute circular pores which were
probably analagous, in their purpose, to the calycine pores in the Cystidese.

ECHIXODERMATA.

271)

Acrocrixus wortheni, Waehsmuth, 1S82,
Bull. Xo. 1, 111. St. Mug. Xat. Hist.,
Coal Mess. [Ety. proper name.]
Actixocrixus andrewsanus, McChesney,
1860, Xew Pal. Foss., Up. Burling-
ton Gr. [Ety proper name.] Waehs-
nmth refers it to Batoerinus.
biturbinatus, refer to Batoerinus bitur-

binatus.
brevis, refer to Agaricocrinus brevis.
ruhjculus, refer to Batoerinus ealyculus.
co.h/culus var. hardinensis, refer to Bato-

crinus ealyculus var. haixlinensis.
caroJi, refer to Batoerinus caroli.
dfpeatus} refer to Batoerinus clypeatus.
concinnus, refer to Steganocrinus eon-

cinnus.
copei, S. A. Miller, 1881, Jour. Cin. Soc.
Xat. Hist., vol. 4, Burlington Gr.
[Ety. proper name.]
coreyils from the Keokuk Gr., and was

described in 1860.
coronatus, refer to Eretmocrinus corona-

tus.
dalyanus, S. A. Miller, 1881, Jour. Cin.
Soc. Xat. Hist., vol. 4, Burlington
Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
ectypus instead of -Strotocrinus ectypus.
jiscellus, refer to Agaricocrinus fiscellus.
hageri, refer to Batoerinus hageri.
helice, refer to Agaricocrinus helice.
helice var. eris, refer to Agaricocrinus

eris.
indianensis is from the Keokuk Gr. It
was described in 1860, and should
be referred to Batoerinus indianensis.
leucosia, refer to Eretmocrinus leucosia.
meeki, refer to Macrostylocrinus meeki.
multicornis was described in 1869, from

the Up. Held. Gr.
nashcillce, refer to Batoerinus nashvillse.
nashvillce var. subtractus, refer to Bato-
erinus nashvillae var. subtractus.
obpyramidalis, refer to Melocrinus ob-

pyramidalis.
pentaspinus was described in 1869, from

the Up. Held. Gr.
pyramidatus, refer to Agaricocrinus pyra-

midatus.
pyriformis var. rudis, being preoccupied
the fossil was afterward named Bato-
erinus pistilliformis.
ramulosus, refer to Eretmocrinus ramu-

losus.
rotundas, refer to Batoerinus rotundus.
sculptus, refer to Steganocrinus sculptus.
sillimani, is a syn. for A. scitulus.
similis, refer to Batoerinus similis.
steropes, refer to Batoerinus steropes.
tenuisculptus, McChesney, 1867, Chi.,
Acad. Sci., vol. 1, Low. Burlington
Gr. [Sig. finely sculptured.]
ventricosus, refer to Physetocrinus ven-
tricosus.
ventricosus var. cancellatus, refer to Phy-
setocrinus ventricosus var. cancella-
tus.
ventricosus var. internodus, refer to Phy-

setocrinus ventricosus var. interno-
dus.
Actixocrixus icachsmuthi, White, 1862,
syn. for A. scitulus.
wachsmuthi, White, 1880, 12th Pep. U.
S. Geo. Sur. Terr., Keokuk Gr. Ety.
proper name.]
yandelli, is from the Keokuk Gr.
Agaricocrixus americanus is found in the
Burlington and Keokuk Groups,
brevis instead of Actinocrinus brevis.
crassus, Wetherby, 1881, Jour. Cin. Soc.
Xat. Hist., vol. 4, Keokuk Gr. [Sig.
thick.]
elegans, Wetherbv, 1881, Jour. Cin. Soc.
Xat. Hist., vol. 4, Keokuk Gr. [Sig.
elegant ]
eris, Hall, 1864, 17th Kep.X. Y. St. Cab.
Xat. Hist. (Actinocrinus helice var.
eris), Waverly Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]
fiscellus instead of Actinocrinus fiscell-
us.
helice instead of Actinocrinus helice.
pyramidatus instead of. Actinocrinus

pyramidatus.
springeri, White, 1882, 11th Kep. Geo.
& Xat. Hist. Indiana, Keokuk Gr.
[Ety. proper name.]
Agassizocrixus hemisphericus, Worthen,
1882, Bull. Xo. 1, 111. St. Mus. Xat.
Hist., Kaskaskia Gr. [Sig. hemi-
spherical.]
papillatus, Worthen, 1882, Bull Xo. 1,
111. St. Mus. Xat. Hist., Kaskaskia
Gr. [Sig. shaped like a bud.]
Agelacrixus septembrachiatus, Miller &
Dyer, 1878, Jour. Cin. Soc. Xat. Hist.,
vol. 1, Hud. Eiv. Gr. [Sig. seven
armed.]
Allagecrixus, Etheridge & Carpenter,
1881, Ann. & Mag. Xat. Hist. [Ety.
allage, a change; krinon, a lily.]
carpenteri, Wachsmuth, 1882, Bull. Xo.
1, 111. St. Mus. Xat. Hist., Kaskaskia
Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Alloprosallocrixus euconus, see Bato-
erinus euconus.
Ampheristocrixus, Hall, 1879, Desc. Xew.
Spec. Foss. [Ety. ampheristos, doubt-
ful, disputed; krinon, a lily.]
typus, Hall, 1879, Desc. Xew Spec. Foss.,
Xiagara Gr. [Sig. the type.]
Amphoracrixus planobasalis was described
in 1860, in Supp. to Geo. Kep. Iowa.
quadrispinus is a syn. for A. divergens.
Amygdalocystites huntingtoni, Wether-
by, 1881, Jour. Cin. Soc. Xat Hist.,
vol. 4, Trenton Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]
Axomalocrixus caponiformis, Lyon, 1S69,
Trans. Am. Phil. Soc, vol. 13, Hud.
Riv. Gr. [Sig. capon formed.]
incurvus is from the Hud. Riv. Gr.
vxo.mai.ocystites balanoides is from the
Hud. Riv. Gr.

2S0

ECHINOBERMATA.

Anomaloides. Ulrich, 1878, Jour. Gin. Soc.

Nat. Hist., vol. 1. This is a poorly

constructed word for a generic name,

beside the fossil is a fragment and

not understood.
reticulates, Ulrich, 1878, Jour. Cin. Soc.

Nat. Hist., vol. 1, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig.

reticulated.]
Arachxocrlxus, Meek & Worthen, 1866,

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 2. [Ety. arachne,

a spider; krinon, a lily.]
bulbosus, instead of Cyathocrinus bul-

bosus.
extensus, Wachsmuth & Springer, 1879,

Revision of the Palaeocrinoidea, Ham.

Gr. [Sig. extended.]
knappi, Wachsmuth & Springer, 1879,

Rev. of the Palaeocrinoidea, Ham. Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
pisiformis, instead of Poteriocrinus pisi-

f or mis.
Arch^eocidaris dininni, White, 1880, Proc.

U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 2, Up. Coal

Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
keokuk is from the Keokuk Gr.
triplex, White, 1882, Rep. Carb. Invert.

Foss. New Mex., Coal Meas. [Sig.

three-fold.]
Arcteeocrixus, Wachsmuth & Springer,

1881, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. [Ety.

archaios, ancient; krinon, a lily.] A

generic name proposed for the pur-
pose of including Glyptocrinus lacu-

nosus, G. marginatus, Thysanocrinus

microbasilis and T. pyriformis.
Barycrinus angulatus instead of Cyatho-
crinus angulatus.
bullatus instead of Cyathocrinus bulla-

tus.
cornutu6 instead of Caythocrinus cor-

nutus.
crassibrachiatus instead of Cyathocrinus

crassibrachiatus.
kelloggi instead of Cyathocrinus kel-

loggi.
magister instead of Cyathocrinus mag-

ister.
multibrachiatus instead of Cyathocrinus

multibrachiatus.
rhombiferus instead of Poteriocrinus

rhombiferus.
sculptilis instead of Cyathocrinus sculp-

ilis.
solidus instead of Cyathocrinus solidus.
spurius instead of Cyathocrinus spurius.
stellatus instead of Cyathocrinus stellat-

us.
tumidus instead of Cyathocrinus tumid-

us.
wachsmuthi instead of Cyathocrinus

wachsmuthi.
Batocrixus was described in 1854, by

Casseday, in Deutsche Zeitscher d.

Geol. Gesellsch, vol. 6.
andrewsanus instead of Actinocrinus

andrewsanus.
biturbinatus instead of Actinocrinus

biturbinatus.

Batocrixus calyculus instead of Actino-
crinus calyculus.

calyculus var. hardinensis instead of
Actinocrinus calyculus var. hardin-
ensis.

caroli instead of Actinocrinus caroli.

cType*tus instead of Actinocrinus clype-
atus.

euconus instead of Alloprosallocrinus
euconus

hageri instead of Actinocrinus hageri.

indianensis instead of Actinocrinus in-
dianehsis.

lovei, Wachsmuth & Springer, 1881,
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Burlington
Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

nashvillae instead Actinocrinus nash-
villae.

nashvillae var. subtractus, instead of Ac-
tinocrinus nashvillae var. subtractus.

rotundus instead of Actinocrinus ro-
tundus.

similis instead of Actinocrinus similis.

steropes instead of Actinocrinus steropes.

whitei, Wachsmuth & Springer, 1881,
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Keokuk Gr.
[Ety. proper name.]

yandefli instead of Actinocrinus yan-
delli.
Belemxocrixus fiorifer, Wachsmuth &
Springer, 1877, Am. Jour. Sci. & Arts,
3d ser., vol. 13, Burlington Gr. [Sig.
flower bearing.]

pourtalesi, Wachsmuth & Springer, 1877,
Am. Jour. Sci. & Arts, 3d ser., vol.
13, Burlington Gr. [Ety. proper
name.
Calceockixus radiculus. Ringueberg, 1882.
Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 5, Ni-
agara Gr. [Sig. a small root.]
Centrocrinus, Wachsmuth & Springer. 1881,
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Proposed as a
subgenus under Actinocrinus to in-
clude A. multicornis and A. pentas-
pinus, but the name was preoccupied
by Austin, in 1843.
Codaster gratiosus, S. A. Miller, 18S0,
Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 2,
Keokuk Gr. [Sig. agreeable ]

hindei, Etheridge & Carpenter, 1882,
Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., Ham. Gr.
[Ety. proper name.]

kentuckiensis is from the Burlington Gr.

pentalobus, see Stephanocrinus pentalo-
bus.

pulchellus, see Stephanocrinus pulchell-
us. *

Codoxites was described in 1869, in Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. It is classed by Zit-
tel, Ludwig. Carpenter, and other
European authors, as a syn. for Oro-
phocrinus, described by Von See-
bach in 1864, in Nachr. k. Gesellsch.
zu Gottingen.

gracilis should bear the same date as the
genus.
Co2liocrixus cariniferus instead of Zea-
crinus cariniferus.

ECHINODERM AT A .

Cceliocrixus lyra instead of Zeacrinus

lyra.
Comarogystites shumardi, var. obconicus,

Meek & Worthen, 1865, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci., Trenton Gr. [Sig. obcon-

ical.]
Cordylocrixus, Angelin, 1878, Icon. Crin.

Suec. [Ety. kordyle, a cudgel; krinon,

a lily.]
parvus instead of Platycrinus parvus,
plumosus instead of Platycrinus plum-

osus.
ramulosus instead of Platycrinus ram-

ulosus.
Crinosoma antiqua, Castelnau, 1843, Syst.

Sil. Probably a fucoid.
Cromyocrixus, Trautschold, 1867, Crin.

jung. Bergkalkes bei Moskaw. [Ety.

kromyon, an onion; krinon, a lily.]
gracilis, Wetherby, 1880, Jour. Cin. Soc.

Fat, Hist., vol. 2, KaskaskiaGr. [Sig.

slender.]
Cupulocrixus, D'Orbigny, 1850. Prodr. d.

Pal. Proposed instead of Seypho-

crinus, Hall, that was preoccupied,
heterocostalis instead of Scyphocrinus

heterocostalis.
Cyathocrixus aemulus, Hall, 1879, Desc.

new spec, foss., Niagara Gr. [Sig.

emulous.]
angulatus refer to Barycrinus angulatus.
barydactvlus, 'Wachsmuth & Springer,

1878/ Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Up.

Burlington Gr. [Sig. heavy fingered.]
bulbosus refer to Barycrinus bulbosus.
crassibrachiatus refer to Barycrinus cras-

sibrachiatus.
crassus refer to Eupachycrinus crassus.
crawfordsvillensis, S. A. Miller, 1882,

Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 5,

Keokuk, Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
decadactylus was described in 1860, Am.

Jour/ Sci., vol. 29, and from the

Keokuk Gr.
fasciatus refer to Macrostylocrinus fasci-

atus.
gilesi, "Wachsmuth & Springer, 1878,

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Burlington

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
hamiltonensis. Worthen, 1882, Bull. No.

1, 111. St. Mus. Nat. Hist., Keokuk

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
han-isi, S. A. Miller, 1880, Jour. Cin.

Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 2, Keokuk Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
harrod'i, Wachsmuth & Springer, 1879,

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Keokuk Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
hexadactylus was described in 1860, from

the Keokuk Gr.
inaequidactylus, Whitfield, 1882, Desc.

New Sp. Foss. from Ohio, Kaskaskia

Gr. [Sig. unequal fingered.]
inflexus, Geinitz, refer to Erisocrinus in-

flexus.
insperatus is from the Keokuk Gr.
kelloggi, refer to Barycrinus kelloggi.
magister, refer to Barycrinus magister.

Cyathocrixus marshallensis, Worthen,

1882, Bull. No. 1, 111. St. Mus. Nat.

Hist., Kinderhook Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]

multibrachiatus, refer to Barycrinus mul-

tibrachiatus.
nucleus instead of Dendrocrinus nucleus.
pusillus, refer to Lecanocrinus pusillus.
rarus was described in 1869, from the

Up. Held. Gr.
sangamonensis, refer to Eupachycrinus

sangamonensis.
sculptilis, refer to Barycrinus sculptilis.
solidus, refer to Barycrinus solidus.
somersi, Whitfield," 1882, Desc. New

Spec, from Ohio Coal Meas. [Ety.

proper name.]
spurius, refer to Barycrinus spurius.
stellatus, refer to Barycrinus stellatus.
stillativus, White, 1880, Proc. U. S. Nat.

Mus., vol. 2, Up. Coal Meas. [Sig.

dropping.]
tenuibrachiatus, Lyon, 1869, Trans. Am.

Phil. Soc, vol. 13, Up. Held. Gr.

[Sig. slender armed.]
tumidus, see Barycrinus, tumidus.
vanhornei, S. A." Miller, 1881, Jour. Cin.

Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 4, Niagara Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
wachsmuthi, see Barycrinus wachsmuthi.
waldronensis, Miller & Dyer, 1878, Cont.

to Pal. No. 2, Niagara Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
Cyclocystoides bellulus, Miller & Dyer,

1878, Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist , vol.

1, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. beautiful.]
magnus, Miller & Dver, 1878, Jour. Cin.

Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 1, Hud. Riv. Gr.

[Sig. large.]
minus, Miller & Dyer, Jour. Cin. Soc.

Nat. Hist., vol. 1, Hud. Riv. Gr.

[Sig. small.]
mundulus, Miller & Dyer, 1878, Jour.

Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 1, Hud.

Riv. Gr. [Sig. neat, trim.]
parvus, Miller & Dyer, 1878, Jour. Cin.

Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 1, Hud. Riv. Gr.

[Sig. little.]
C ytocrixus may be restored, as it is doubt-
ful about its being a syn. for Macro-
stylocrinus,
Dexdrocrixus ancilla, Hall, 1879, Desc.

New Spec. Foss., Niagara Gr. [Sig. a

hand-maid.]
curtus, Ulrich, 1879, Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat.

Hist., vol. 2, Utica Slate Gr. [Sig.

short.]
erraticus, S. A. Miller, 1881, Jour. Cin.

Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 4", Hud. Riv.

Gr. [Sig. a wanderer.] ,

navigiolum, S. A. Miller, 1880, Jour.

Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 3, Utica

Slate Gr. [Sig. a small vessel.]

nucleus, refer to Cyathocrinus nucleus.

Decadocrinus, Wachsmuth & Springer, 1879,

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. [Ety. dekas,
. number of ten ; krinon, a lily.] A

proposed subgenus of Poteriocrinus .

282

ECHIXODERMATA.

Dichocrinus constrictus is from the War-
saw Group.

coxanus, Worthen, 1882, Bull. No. 1, 111.
St. Mus. Nat. Hist., Keokuk Gr.
[Ety. proper name.]

elegans, Casseday & Lyon, was preoccu-
pied by De Koninck & Lehon in 1853,
but the species is referred to the ge-
nus Talarocrinus, by Wachsmuth &
Springer.

hamiltonensis, Worthen, 1882, Bull. No.
1, 111. St. Mus. Nat. Hist., Keokuk
Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

ornatus, Wachsmuth & Springer, 1881,
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Keokuk Gr.
[Sig. ornate.] This name was pro-
posed instead of D. sculptus, Casse-
day & Lyon, because the latter name
was preoccupied.

sculptus, Casseday & Lyon. The name
was preoccupied by De Koninck &
Lehon in 1853, see D. ornatus.
Dolatocrinus marshi was described in
1869, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc, vol. 13,
Up. Held. Gr.

ornatus, Meek, 1871, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci., Corniferous Gr. [Sig. ornament-
ed.]
Dorycrintts, Rcemer, 1854, Archiv. f.
Naturgesch Jahrg, vol. 19, p. 207.

lineatus, S. A. Miller, 1881, Jour. Cin.
Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 4, Burlington Gr.
[Sig. lined.]
Eretmocrixus adultus, Wachsmuth &
Springer, 1881, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
Keokuk Gr. [Sig. adult.]

coronatus instead of Actinocrinus cor-
onatus.

intermedins, Wachsmuth & Springer,
1881, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Keokuk
Gr. [Sig. intermediate.]

leucosia instead of Actinocrinus leucosia.

originarius, Wachsmuth & Springer,
1881, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Keokuk
Gr. [Sig. original.]

ramulosus instead of Actinocrinus ramu-
losus.

varsouviensis, Worthen, 1882, Bull. No.
1, 111. St. Mus Nat. Hist., Warsaw
Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Erisocrinus hemisphericus instead of
Poteriocrinus hemisphericus.

inflexus, Geinitz, 1866 (Cyathocrinus in-
flexus), Carb. und Dyas, Coal Meas.
[Sig. curving.]

planus, White, 1880, Proc. U. S. Nat.
Mus., Coal. Meas. [Sig. even.]
Eucalyptocrinus constrictus, Hall, 1879,
syn. for E. tuberculatus.

depressus, S. A. Miller, 1880, Jour. Cin.
Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 3, Niagara Gr.
[Sig. depressed ]

egani, S. A. Miller, 1880, Jour. Cin. Soc.
Nat. Hist., vol. 3, Niagara Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]

ovalis instead of ovatus.

proboscidalis, S. A. Miller, 1882, Jour.

Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 5, Niagara

Gr. [Sig. having a proboscis.]
Eucalyptocrixus rotundus, S. A. Miller,

1882, Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol.

5, Niagara Gr. [Sig. rotund.]
tuberculatus, Miller & Dyer, 1878, Jour.

Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 1, Niagara

Gr. [Sig. tuberculated.]
turbinatus, S. A. Miller, 1882, Jour. Cin.

Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 5, Niagara Gr.

[Sig. turbinate.]
Eucladocrixls, Meek, 1871, U. S. Geo.

Sur. Terr. [Ety. eu, very ; klados, a

branch; krinon, a lily.]
millebrachiatus, Wachsmuth & Springer,

1878, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Burling-
ton and Keokuk Gr. [Sig. many-
armed.]
montanensis, Meek, 1871, Hayden'sRep.

U. S. Geo. Sur. Terr., Subcarbonifer-

ous. [Ety. proper name.]
pleuroviminus instead of Platycrinus

pleuroviminus.
Eupachycrenus asperatus, Worthen, 1882,

Bull. No. 1, 111. St. Mus. Nat. Hist.,

Kaskaskia, Gr. [Sig. roughened.]
crassus instead of Cyathocrinus crassus.
formosus instead of Zeacrinus formosus.
germanus, S. A, Miller, 1879, Jour. Cin.

Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 2, Kaskaskia Gr.

[Sig. near of kin.]
monroensis, Worthen, 1882. Bull. No. 1,

St. Mus. Nat. Hist., Kaskaskia Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
quatnoi-decembrachialis instead of Gra-

phiocrinus quatnordecembrachialis,

and from Kaskaskia Gr.
sangamonensis instead of Cyathocrinus

sangamonensis.
spartarius, S. A. Miller, 1879, Jour. Cin.

Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 2, Kaskaskia Gr.

[Sig. of or belonging to a broom.]
subtumidus instead of Zeacrinus subtu-

midus.
Forbesiocrixus asteriformis, refer to Ony-

chocrinus asteriformis .
communis, refer to Taxocrinus communis.
giddingi, refer to Taxocrinus giddingi.
jnvenis, refer to Taxocrinus juvenis.
kelloggi, refer to Taxocrinus kelloggi.
lobatus, refer to Taxocrinus lobatus.
lobatus var. tardus, refer to Taxocrinus

lobatus var. tardus.
meeki, refer to Taxocrinus meeki, from

Keokuk Gr.
multibrachiatus, [refer to Taxocrinus rnul-

tibrachiatus.
parvus, Wetherby, 1879. Jour. Cin. Soc.

Nat. Hist., vol. 2, Kaskaskia Gr. [Sig.

small.]
ramulosus, refer to Onychocrinus rarnu-'

losus.
shumardanus, refer to Taxocrinus shu-

mardanus.
whitfieldi, refer to Taxocrinus whitfieldi.
Qennceocrinus, Wachsmuth & Springer, 1882,

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. [Ety. gennaios,

of noble origin ; krinon, a Yily.] This

ECHINODERMATA.

was proposed to include certain

species of Actinocrinus from the Ham-
ilton Group, to-wit: A. calypso, A.

caaaedayi, A. cauliculus, A. eucharis,

A. kentuckiensis, and A. nyssa.
Glyptastek egani, S. A. Miller, 1881, Jour.

Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 4, Niagara

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
occidentals, var. crebescens, Hall, 1879,

28th Eeg. Kep., Niagara Gr. [Sig.

abundant.]
Glyptocrlxus annularis, Miller & Dyer,

Jour. Cin. hoc. Nat. Hist., vol. 1,

Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. angular.]
cognatus, S. A. Miller, 1881, Jour. Cin.

Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 4, Hud. Riv. Gr.

[Sig. near to, cognate.]
dyeri, var. sublsevis, S. A. Miller, 1878,

Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 1,

Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. somewhat

smooth.]
gracilis, Wetherby, 1881 (Reteoerinus

gracilis), Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist.,

vol. 4, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. slender.]
harrisi, S. A. Miller, 1881, Jour. Cin.

Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 1, Hud. Riv.

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
iniamiensis, S. A. Miller, 1882, Jour.

Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 5, Hud. Riv.

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
pattersoni, S. A. Miller, 1882, Jour. Cin.

Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 5, Utica Slate

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
richardsoni, Wetherby, 1880, Jour. Cin.

Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 2, Hud. Riv. Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
eculptus, S- A. Miller, 1882, Jour. Cin.

Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 5, Hud. Riv. Gr.

[Sig. carved.]
shafteri var. germanus, S. A. Miller, 1880,

Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 3,

Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. near of kin.] I

believe this is a distinct species, and

will therefore become G. germanus.
Graxatocrixus missouriensis and G.

roemeri, should be referred to the

Choteau or Kinderhook Gr.
Graphiocrixus carbonarius instead of

Scaphiocrinus carbonarius.
mcadamsi instead of Scaphiocrinus

mcadamsi.
quatuordecembrachicUis, refer to Eupachy-

crinus quatiiordecembrachialis, and

to the Kaskaskia Gr.
rudis instead of Scaphiocrinus rudis.
simplex instead of Scaphiocrinus sim-
plex,
spinobrachiatus instead of Scaphiocrinus

spinobrachiatus\
striatus instead of Scaphiocrinus striatals.
tortuosus instead of Scaphiocrinus tor-

tuosus.
wachsmuthi instead of Scaphiocrinus

wachsmuthi.
Heterocrixus crassus, refer to Iocrinus

crass us.
geniculatus, Ulrich, 1879, Jour. Cin.

Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 2, Utica Slate

Gr. [Sig. genie ulatetl.]
Heterocrixus milleri, Wetherby, 1880,

Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 3,

Trenton Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
oehanus, Ulrich, 1882, Jour. Cin. Soc.

Nat. Hist., vol. 5, Hud. Riv. Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
pentagonus, Ulrich, 1882, Jour. Cin. Soc.

Nat. Hist., vol. 5, Hud. Riv. Gr.

[Sig. pentagonal.]
subcrassus, refer to Iocrinus subcrassus.
vaupeli, Wetherby, 1881. I am unable to

recognize this species. It appears to

be founded upon a fragment of H.

simplex.
Holocystites baculus, S. A. Miller, 1879,

Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 2, Ni-
agara Gr.' [Sig. a staff.]
brauni, S. A. Miller, 1878, Jour. Cin.

Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 1, Niagara Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
dyeri, S. A. Miller, 1879, Jour. Cin. Soc.

Nat. Hist., vol. 2, Niagara Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
elegans, S. A. Miller, 1878, Jour. Cin.

Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 1, Niagara Gr.

[Sig. elegant.]
globosus, S. A. Miller, 1878, Jour. Cin.

Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 1, Niagara Gr.

[Sig. globose.]
jolietensis, S. A. Miller, 1882, Jour. Cin.

Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 5, Niagara Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
ornatus, S. A. Miller, 1878, Jour. Cin.

Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 1, Niagara Gr.

[Sig. ornate.]
perlongus, S. A. Miller, 1878, Jour. Cin.

Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 1, Niagara Gr.

[Sig. verv long.]
plenus, S. A. Miller, 1878, Jour. Cin.

Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 1, Niagara Gr.

rSig. full, large.]
pustulosis, S. A. Miller, 1878, Jour. Cin.

Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 1, Niagara Gr.

[Sig. full of pustules.]
rotundus, S. A. Miller. 1879, Jour. Cin.

Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 2, Niagara Gr.

[Sig. rotund.]
subrotundus, S. A. Miller, 1879, Jour.

Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 2, Niagara

Gr. [Sig. subrotuud.]
tumidus, S. A. Miller, 1879, Jour. Cin.

Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 2, Niagara Gr.

[Sig. tumid.] /

turbinatus, S. A. Miller, 1880, Jour. Cin.

Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 2, Niagara Gr.

[Sig. turbinate.]
ventricosus, S. A. Miller, 1879, Jour.

Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 2, Niagara

Gr. [Sig. ventricose.]
wetherbyi, S. A. Miller, 1878, Jour. Cin.

Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 1, Niagara Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
Homocrixus, angustatus instead of an-

gustus, from Hud. Riv. Gr.
Hybocystites, Wetherby, 1880, Jour. Cin.

ECH INODERM ATA.

Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 3. [Ety. Jiubos,

hump-backed; kustis, a bladder.]
Hybocystites problematicus, Wetherby,

1880, Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol.

3, Trenton Gr. [Sig. problematical.]
Hydreioxocrixus, De Koninck, 1858, Bull.

Acad. Royale Belgique, 2me serie,

tome 3. Messrs. Wachsmuth & Spring-
er refer to this genus Zeacrinus

acanthophorus, Z. armiger, Z. de-

pressus, Z. discus and Z. mucrospinus.
Ichthyocrinus nobilis, Wachsmuth &

Springer, 1878, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci., Upper Burlington and Keokuk

Gr. [Sig. noble.]
Iocrinus, Hall, 1864, Advance sheets, 24th

Reg. Hep. N. Y. [Ety. io, in triumph ;

Jcrinon, a lily.]
crassus instead of Heterocrinus crassus.
subcrassus instead of Heterocrinus, sub-

crassus.
Lampterocrinus parvus, Hall, 1879, Desc.

New Spec. Foss., Niagara Gr. [Sig.

little.]
Lecanocrinus pusillus, Hall, 1863 (Cya-

thocrinus pusillus) Trans. Alb. Inst.,

vol. 4, Niagara Gr. [Sig. very small.]
pusillus, Winchell & Marcy, syn. for L.

pusillus. Hall.
Lecythiocrinus, White, 1880, Proc. U. S. Nat.

Mus., vol. 2. [Ety. lekuthion, a small

oil flask; krinon, a lily.] This name

was preoccupied by Muller in 1858,

and by Zittel in 1879.
. adarnsi, Worthen, 1882, Bull. No. 1, 111.

St. Mus. Nat. Hist., Coal Meas. [Ety.

proper name.]
olliculceformis, White, 1880, Proc. U. S.

Nat. Mus., vol. 2, Upper Coal Meas.

[Sig. like a little pot.]
Lepidesthes colletti, White, 1878, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci., Keokuk Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
formosus, S. A. Miller, 1879, Jour. Cin.

Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 2, Keokuk Gr.

[Sig. beautiful.]
Lichexocrixus affinis, S. A. Miller, 1882,

Jour., Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 5,

Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. related to, from

resemblance to L. crater iformis.]
dubius, S. A. Miller, 1880, Jour. Cin.

Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 3, Utica Slate Gr.

[Sig. doubtful.]
pattersoni, S. A. Miller, 1879, Jour. Cin.

Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 2, Utica Slate Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
Lyriocrixus melissa instead of Rhodo-

crinus melissa.
sculptus, S. A. Miller, 1882, Jour. Cin.

Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 5, Niagara or

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. sculptured.]
Macrostylocrixus fasciatus instead of

Cyathocrinus fasciatus.
fusibrachiatus, Ringueberg, 1882. Jour.

Cin. Soc. Nat. Wist., vol. 5, Niagara

Gr. [Sig. from the fusiform arms.]
meeki instead of Actinocrinus meeki.
striatus var. granulosus, Hall, 1879, 28th

Reg. Rep., Niagara Gr. [Sig. gran-
ulous.]
Marsupiocrixus tennesseensis instead of
Platycrinus tennesseensis.

tentaculatus instead of Platycrinus ten-
taculatus.
Megistocrixus infelix, refer to Saccocrinus
infelix.

marcouanus, refer to Saccocrinus mar-
couanus.

necis, refer to Saccocrinus necis.

nodosus, Barris, 1879, Proc. Davenport
Acad., Nat. Sci., Up. Held. Gr. [Sig.
nodose.]

parvirostris is a syn. for M. plenus.

pileatus, S. A. Miller, 1879, Jour. Cin.
Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 2, Up. Held.
Gr. [Sig. covered with a cap.]

spinosus should be stricken out.
Melocrintjs clarkei, Williams, 1882, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci., Chemung Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]

obpyramidalis, Winchell & Marcy, 1865
(Actinocrinus obpyramidalis), Mem.
Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 1, Niagara
Gr. [Sig. obpyramidal.]
Myelodactylus bridgeportensis, S. A.
Miller, 1880, Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat.
Hist., vol. 3, Niagara Gr. [Ety. prop-
er name.]
Oligoporus coreyi, Meek & Worthen, 1870,
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Keokuk Gr.
[Ety. proper name.]
Ollacrinus, Cumberland, 1826, Appendix to
Reliquiae Conservata. Figured with-
out description, and subsequently de-
clared by Koninck & Lehon to be a
Rhodocrinus. Wachsmuth & Springer
claim priority for this name over Go-
niasteroidocrinus, without good rea-
son, however, and contrary to the
laws of nomenclature, as shown by
Meek in 111. Geo. Sur., vol. 2, p. 217.
Oxychocrinus asteriaeformis instead of For-
besiocrinus asteriaeformis.

distensus, Worthen, 1882. Bull. No. 1,
111. St. Mus. Nat. Hist., Kaskaskia
Gr. [Sig. distended.]

meeki, refer to Taxocrinus meeki, and to
Keokuk Gr.

ramulosus instead of Forbesiocrinus ram-
ulosus.

whitfieldi, refer to Taxocrinus whitfieldi.
Pachy Iocrinus, Wachsmuth & Springer, 1879,
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. [Ety. pachylos,
thick; krinon, a lily.] A proposed
subgenus of Poteriocrinus, founded
upon the form of the body.
Pal2Easter elarkanus^ S. A. Miller, 1880,
Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol.' 3,
Hud. Riv. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

clarki, S. A. Miller, refer to Palaeaster
clarkanus.

crawfordsvillensis, S. A. Miller, 1880,
Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 2,
Keokuk Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

dubius, Miller & Dyer, 1878, Cont. to

ECHINODERMATA.

285

Pal., No. 2, Utica Slate Gr. [Sig.

doubtful.]
Pal^easter exculptus, S. A. Miller, 1881,

Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 4,

Hud. Riv. Gr. LSig. chiseled out.]
finei, Ulrich, 1879, Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat.

Hist., vol. 2, Utica Slate Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
harrisi, S. A. Miller, 1879, Jour. Cin. Soc.

Nat, Hist., vol. 2, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
longibrachiatus, S. A. Miller, 1878, Jour.

Cin. Soc. Xat. Hist., vol. 1, Hud. Riv.

Gr. [Sig. long armed.]
miamiensis, S. A. Miller, 1880, Jour.

Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 3, Hud. Riv.

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
simplex, S. A. Miller, 1878, Jour. Cin.

Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 1, Hud. Riv. Gr.

[Sig. simple.]
• spinulosis, Miller & Dyer, 1878. Jour.

Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 1, Hud.

Riv. Gr. [Sig. full of spines.]
Pal^easterixa approximata, Miller & Dyer,

1878, Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol.

1, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. near to.]
speciosa. Miller & Dyer, 1878, Jour. Cin.

Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 1, Hud. Riv. Gr.

[Sig. beautiful.]
Parisocrimts, Wachsmuth & Springer, 1879,

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. [Ety. parisos,

resembling ; krinon, a lily.] A pro-
posed subgenus under Poteriocrinus.
Pextremites angularis, and P. robustus,

are from the Kaskaskia Group,
bipyramidalis, P. clavatus, P. grosve-

nori, P. lineatus, P. reinwardti, P.

subcylindricus, P. subtruncatus , and

P. wortheni, are referred to the sub-
genus Troostocrinus.
abbreviatus, Hambach, 1880, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., vol. 4, Kaskaskia

Gr. [Sig. abbreviated.]
basilaris, Hambach, 1880, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., vol. 4, Kaskaskia

Gr. [Sig. relating to the base.]
broadheadi, Hambach, 1880, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., vol. 4, Kaskaskia

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
chesterensis, Hambach, 1880, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., vol. 4, Kaskaskia

Gr. [Ety. proper name ]
clavatus, Hambach, 1880, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci , vol. 4, Kaskaskia

Gr. [Sig. clavated.]
hemisphericus, Hambach, 1880, Trans.

St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. 4, Kaskas-
kia Gr. [Sig. hemispherical.]
nodosus, Hambach, 1880, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., vol. 4, Kaskaskia

Gr. [Sig. nodose.]
potteri, Hambuch, 1880, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., vol. 4, Burlington Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
-spinosus, Hambach, 1880, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., vol. 4, Kaskaskia

Gr. [Sig. spinous.]
sulcatus, is said by Hambach to be a

syn. for P. laterniformis. The latter
was founded upon a cast.
Pereichocrinus, Austin, 1843, Ann. & Mag.
Nat. Hist., vol. 11. Not denned so as
to be recognized,though some authors,
disregarding the rules of nomencla-
ture, have used the name in an at-
tempt to supplant, with it, Sacco-
crinus.
Physetocrinus ornatus instead of Actino-
crinus ornatus.

ventricosus instead of Actinocrinus ven-
tricosus.

ventricosus var. cancellatus instead of
. Actinocrinus ventricosus var. cancel-
latus.

ventricosus var. internodus instead of
Actinocrinus ventricosus var. inter-
nodus.

reticulatus instead of Actinocrinus retic-
ulatus.
Pisocrksus, DeKoninck, 1S58, Bull. Acad.
Roy. Belgique, 2meser.,tome3. [Ety.
pisos, a pea; krinon, a lily.]

gemmiformis, S. A. Miller, 1879, Jour.
Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 2, Niagara
Gr. [Sig. bud shaped.]
Platycrines bloomfleldensis, S. A. Miller,
1880, Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol.
2, Keokuk Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

bonoensis, White, 1878, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci., Keokuk Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

leai was described in 1869, Trans. Am.
Phil. Soc, vol. 13, from Up. Held. Gr.

monroensis, Worthen, 1882, Bull. No. 1,
111. St. Mus. Nat. Hist., St. Louis
Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

montanaensis, refer to Eucladocrinus
• montanensis.

multibrachiatus, is from the Burlington
Group.

ornigranulus, McChesney, 1860, Desc.
JNew Pal. Foss., Burlington Gr. [Sig.
having granules.]

parvus, refer to Cordylocrinus parvus.

pleurovimineus, refer to Eucladocrinus
pleurovimineus .

plumosus, refer to Cordylocrinus plumo-
sus.

poculum, S. A. Miller, 1881, Jour. Cin.
Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 4, Burlington Gr.
[Sig. a cup.]

praenuntius, Wachsmuth & Springer,
1878, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Burling-
ton Gr. [Sig. a harbinger.]

pratteni, Worthen, 1860, Trans. St.
Louis Acad. Sci., Burlington Gr.
[Ety. proper name.]

ramulosus, refer to Cordylocrinus ramu-
losus.

siluricus, Hall, 1879, Desc New Spec.
Foss., Niagara Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]

tennesseensis, refer to Marsupiocrinus
tenne6seensis.

tentaculatus, refer to Marsupiocrinus ten-
taculatus.

vexabilis, white, 1875, Wheeler's U. S.

286

ECHINODEEMATA.

Sur. W. 100th. Meridian, Subcarbon-

iferous. [Sig. disturbed.]
PoROCRraus crass us, is from the Hud. Eiv.

Gr., and P. pentagonus, from the

Trenton Gr.
smithi, Grant, 1831, Trans. Ottawa Field

Naturalists' Club, No. 2, Trenton Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
Poteriocrintjs anomalos, Wetherby, 1880,

Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 3, Kas-

kaskia Group. [Sig. anomalous.]
arachnseformis, Worthen, 1882, Bull.

No. 1, 111. St. Mus. Nat. Hist., Keo-
kuk Gr. [Sig. spider-like.]
asper, Worthen, 1882, Bull. No. 1, 111.

St. Mus. Nat. Hist., Keokuk Gr.

[Sig. rough.]
asperatus, Worthen, 1882, Bull. No. 1,

111. St. Mus. Nat. Hist., Keokuk Gr.

[Sig. made rough, uneven.]
briareus, Worthen, 1882, Bull. No. 1,

111., St. Mus. Nat. Hist., Keokuk Gr.

[Ety. mythological name.]
burketi, Worthen, 1882, Bull. No. 1, 111.,

St. Mus. Nat. Hist., Keokuk Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
calyx, Hall, 1879, Desc. New Spec. Foss.,

Niagara Gr. [Sig. a cup.]
clarkei, Williams, 1882, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci., Chemung Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
claytonensis, Worthen, 1882. Bull No. 1,

111. St. Mus. Nat. Hist., Warsaw Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
clytis, Worthen, 1882, Bull. No. 1, 111. St.

Mus. Nat. Hist., St. Louis Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
columbiensis, Worthen, 1882, Bull. No.

1, 111. St. Mus. Nat. Hist., Kaskaskia

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
cornellanus, Williams, 1882, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci., Chemung Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
coxanus, Worthen, 1882, Bull. No. 1,

111. St. Mus. Nat. Hist., Keokuk Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
cylindricus was described in 1869 from

the Up. Held. Gr.
davisanus, S. A. Miller, 1882, Jour. Cin.

Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 5, Up. Held. Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
fountainensis, Worthen, 1882, Bull. No.

1, 111. St. Mus. Nat. Hist., St. Louie

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
gregarius, Williams, 1882, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci., Chemung Gr. [Sig. gre-
garious.]
hamiltonensis, Worthen, 1882, Bull. No.

1, 111. St. Mus. Nat. Hist., Keokuk

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
hernisphericus, refer to Erisocrinws hem-

isphericus.
illinoisensis, Worthen, 1882, Bull. No. 1,

111. St. Mus. Nat. Hist., Warsaw Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
iowensis, Worthen, 1882, Bull. No. 1,

III. St. Mus. Nat. Hist., Keokuk Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]

Poteriocrinus iesupi, Whitfield, 1881,

Bull. No. 1, Ann. Mus. Nat. Hist.,

Burlington Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
kaskaskensis, Worthen, 1882. Bull. No.

1, 111. St. Mus. Nat. Hist., Kaskaskia

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
latidactylus. Worthen, 1882, Bull. No. 1,

111. St. Mus. Nat. Hist., Keokuk Gr.

[Sig. wide armed.]
millen, Wetherby, 1880, Jour. Cin. Soc.

Nat Hist., vol. 3, Kaskaskia Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
nauvooensis, Worthen, 1882, Bull. No. 1,

111. St. Mus. Nat. Hist., Keokuk Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
occidentalis, Worthen, 1882, Bull. No. 1,

111. St. Mus. Nat. Hist., Keokuk Gr.

[Sig. western.]
okawensis, Worthen, 1882, Bull. No. 1,

111. St. Mus. Nat. Hist.. Kaskaskia

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
orestes, Worthen, 1882, Bull. No. 1,

111. St. Mus. Nat. Hist., Keokuk Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
otterensis, Worthen, 1882, Bull. No. 1,

111. St. Mus. Nat. Hist., Keokuk Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
peculiaris, Worthen, 1882, Bull. No. 1, 111.

St. Mus. Nat. Hist., Kaskaskia Gr.

[Sig. peculiar.]
penicilliformis, Worthen, 1882, Bull. No.

1, 111. St. Mus. Nat. Hist., Keokuk

Gr. [Sig. like a painter's brush,]
pisiformis, refer to Arachnocrinus pisi-

fbrmis.
popensis, Worthen, 1S82, Bull. No. 1,

111. St. Mus. Nat. Hist., Kaskaskia

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
posticus, refer to Dendrocrinus posticus,
propinquus, Worthen, 1882, Bull. No. 1,

111. St. Mus. Nat. Hist., Kaskaskia

Gr. [Sig. near to.]
rhombiferus, refer to Barycrinus rhombi-

ferus.
richfieldensis, Worthen, 1832, Bull. No.

1, 111. St. Mus. Nat. Hist., Kinder-
hook Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
salteri, Worthen, 1882, Bull. No. 1, 111.

St. Mus. Nat. Hist., Kaskaskia Gr.

(Ety. proper name.]
sculptus, Worthen, 1882, Bull. No. 1,

111. St. Mus. Nat. Hist., Kaskaskia

Gr. [Sig. sculptured.]
similis, Worthen, 1882, Bull. No. 1, 111.

St. Mus. Nat. Hist., Keokuk Gr. [Sig.

similar.]
simplex was described in 1869 from the

Up. Held. Gr.
spinobrachiatus, Worthen, 1S82, Bull.

No. 1, 111. St. Mus. Nat. Hist.,

Kaskaskia Gr. [Sig. spine armed.]
subramulosus, Worthen, 1882, Bull. No.

1. 111. St. Mus. Nat. Hist., Keokuk

Gr. [Sig. somewhat full of branches.]
talboti, Worthen, 1882, Bull. No. 1, 111. St.

Mus. Nat. Hist., St. Louis Gr. [Ety..

proper name. J
tentaculatus, Worthen, 1882, Bull. No. 1,

ECHIXODERMATA.

111. St. Mus. Xat. Hist., Keokuk Gr.
[Sig. tentacled.]
Poteriocrixus tenuidactylus, Worthen,
1882, Bull. Xo. 1, 111. St. Mus. Nat.
Hist., Keokuk Gr. [Sig. slender-
fingered.]
validus, Worthen. 1882, Bull. Xo. 1,
111. St. Mus. Nat. Hist., Warsaw Gr.
[Sig strong.]
varsouviensis, Worthen, 1882, Bull. No.
1, 111. St. Mus. Xat. Hist., Warsaw
Gr. [Etv. proper name.]
venustus. Worthen, 1882, Bull Xo. 1,
111. St. Mus. Xat. Hist., Kaskaskia Gr.
[Sig. heautiful.]
wachsmuthi refer to Graphiocrinus

wachsmuthi.
wetherbyi, S. A. Miller, 1879, Jour.
Cin. Soc. Xat. Hist., vol. 2, Kaskaskia
Gr. rEty. proper name.]
zethus, Williams, 1882, Proc. Acad. Xat.
Sci., Chemung Gr. [Ety. mythologi-
cal name.]
Protaster flexuosus, Miller & Dyer, 1878,
Jour. Cin. Soc. Xat. Hist., vol. 1,
I'rica Slate and Hud. River Gr. [Sig.
full of turnings.]
miamiensis, S. A. Miller, 1882, Jour.
Cin. Soc. Xat. Hist., vol. 5, Hud.
Riv. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Protasterina, Ulrich, syn. for Protaster.
fimbriata, Ulrich, syn. for Protaster
flexuosus.
Pterotocrixus acutus, Wetherby, 1879,
Jour. Cin. Soc. Xat. Hist., vol. 2,
Kaskaskia Gr. [Sig. acute.]
bifureatus, Wetherby, 1879, Jour. Cin.
Soc. Xat. Hist., vol. 2, Kaskaskia Gr.
[Sig. bifurcated.]
cornigerus, refer to Talarocrinns corni-

gerus.
aexlobatus, refer to Talarocrinus sexlo-

batus.
spatulatus, Wetherby, 1879, Jour. Cin.
Soc. Xat. Hist., vol. 2, Kaskaskia Gr.
[Sig. spatulate.]
Retiocrixus gracilis, Wetherby, see Glyp-

tocrinus gracilis.
Rhodocrixus coxanns, Worthen, 1882,
Bull., Xo. 1, 111. St. Mus. Xat. Hist.,
Keokuk Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
melissa, refer to Lyrioerinus melissa.
vesperalis, White, 1880, Proc. U. S., Xat.
Mus., vol. 2, Upper Coal Meas. (?)
[Sig. belonging to evening.]
Saccocrixus egani, S. A. Miller, 1881,
Jour. Cin. Soc. Xat. Hist., vol. 4, Ni-
agara Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
infelix, AVinchell & Marcy, 1865 (Megis-
tocrinus infelix), Mem. Bost. Soc.
Xat. Hist., Xiagara Gr. [Sig. un-
happy.]
marcouanus, Winchell & Marcy, 1365
(Megistocrinus marcouanus), Mem.
Bost. Soc. Xat. Hist., Xiagara Gr.
[Ety. proper name.]
necis, Winchell & Marcy, 1865 (Megis-

tocrinus necis), Mem. Bost. Soc. Xat.
Hist., Niagara Gr. [Sig. death.]
Saccocrixus pyriformis, S. A. Miller,
1882, Jour. Cin. Soc. Xat. Hist., vol.
5, Niagara Gr. [Sig. pear shaped.]

urniformis, S. A. Miller, 1881, Jour. Cin.
Soc. Xat. Hist., vol. 4, Xiagara Gr.
[Sig. urn shaped.]
Scaphiocrixus ' carbonarius, refer to Gra-
phiocrinus carbonari us.

gibsoni, White, 1878, Proc. Acad. Xat.
Sci., Keokuk Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

gurleyi, White, 1878, Proc. Acad. Xat.
Sci., Keokuk Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

macadamsi, refer to Graphiocrinus mac-
adamsi.

rudis, refer to Graphiocrinus rudis.

simplex, refer to Graphiocrinws simplex. '

spinifer, Wetherby, 1880, Jour. Cin. Soc.
Xat. Hist., vol. 3, Kaskaskia Gr. [Sig.
spine bearing.]

spinobrachiatus, refer to Graphiocrinus
spinobrachiatus

striatus, refer to Graphiocrinus striatus.

tortuosus, refer to Graphiocrinus tortu-
osus.

wachsmuthi, refer to Graphiocrinus wach-
smuthi.
Scyphocrinus, Hall. This name was pre-
occupied by Zenker in 1833, andD'Or-
bigny proposed instead of it Cupulo-
crinus.

heterocostalis refer to Cupulocrinus heter-
ocos talis.
Scytalocrinus Wachsmuth & Springer, 1879,
Proc. Acad. Xat. Sci. [Ety. skutale,
a staff or club; krinon, a lily.] A
subgenus of Poteriocrinus of doubtful
utility.

wachsmuthi, Wetherby, 1880, Jour. Cin.
Soc. Xat. Hist., vol. 3, Kaskaskia Gr.
[Ety. proper name.]
Stegaxocrixus concinnus instead of Ac-
tinocrinus concinnus

sculptus. Hall, instead of Actinocrinus
sculptus.
Stephaxocrixus osgoodensis, S. A. Miller,
1879, Jour. Cin. Soc. Xat. Hist . vol.
2, Xiagara Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

pentalobus, Hall, 1879 (Codaster penta-
lobus), Uesc. XeAv Spec. Foss., Xi-
agara Gr. [Sig. five lobed.]

pulchellus, Miller & Dyer, 1878 (Codas-
ter pulchellus), Jour. Cin. Soc. Xat.
Hist., vol. 1, Xiagara Gr, [Sig. beau-
tiful.]
Stereocrixus, Barris, 1879, Proc. Daven-
port Acad. Sci., vol. 2. [Ety. stereos,
firm; krinon, a lily.]

triangularis, Barris, 1879, Proc. Daven-
port Acad. Sci., vol. 2, Upper Helder-
berg Gr. [Sig. triangular.]

triangulatus var. liberatus, Barris, 1879,
Proc. Davenport Acad. Sci., vol. 2.
Upper Helderberg Gr. [Sig. fur-
rowed.]

ECHINODERMATA.

STROTOCRiNUSbloomfieldensis, S. A. Miller,
1882, Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol.
2, Keokuk Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
ectypus, refer to Actinocrinus ectypus.

Synbathocrinus granuliferus, Wetherby,

1880, Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol.
2, Kinderhook Gr. [Sig. granule
bearing.]

oweni is from the Kinderhook Gr.
robustus is from the Keokuk Gr.
T^eniaster elegans, S. A. Miller, 1882, Jour.
Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 5, Hud. Riv.
Gr. [Sig. elegant.]
Talarocrinus, Wachsmuth & Springer,

1881, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. [Ety.
talaros, a basket; krinon, a lily.]

cornigerus instead of Dichocrinus cor-

nigerus.
elegans instead of Dichocrinus elegans.
ovatus, Worthen, 1882, Bull. No. 1, 111.

St. Mus. Nat. Hist., Kaskaskia Gr.

[Sig/ovate.]
sexlobatus instead of Dichocrinus sexlo-

batus.
symmetricus instead of Dichocrinus

symmetricus.
Taxocrinus communis instead of Forbesio-

crinus communis,
curtus, Williams, 1882, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci , Chemung Gr. [Sig. short.]
fletcheri, Worthen, 1882, Bull. No. 1, 111.

St. Mus. Nat. Hist., Keokuk Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
giddingi instead of Forbesiocrinus gid-

dingi.
ithacensis, Williams, 1882, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci., Chemung Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
juvenis instead of Forbesiocrinus juvenis.
kelloggi instead of Forbesiocrinus kel-

loggi.
lobatus instead of Forbesiocrinus lobatus.
lobatus var. tardus instead of Forbesio-
crinus lobatus var. tardus,
meeki instead of Forbesiocrinus meeki.
multibrachiatus instead of Forbesiocrin-
us multibrachiatus.

Taxocrinus multibrachiatus var. colletti,

White, 1881, 2d Ann. Rep. Bureau of

Statistics of Indiana, Keokuk Gr.

[Ety. proper name]
shumardanus instead of Forbesiocrinus

shumardanus.
whitfieldi Instead of Forbesiocrinus whit-

fieldi.
Teleiocrinus, Wachsmuth & Springer, 1881,

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. [Ety. teleios,

perfect; krinon, a lily.] A subgenus

of Strotocrinus, of doubtful utility.
Troostocrinus, Shumard, 1865, Trans. St.

Louis Acad. Sci., vol 2. [Ety. prop-
er name.] A proposed subgenus of

Pentremites.
Vasocrinus lyoni, instead of Cyathocrinus

lyoni.
macropleurus instead of Cyathocrinus

macropleurus.
Xenocrinus, S A. Miller, 1881, Jour. Cin.

Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 4. [Ety. xenos,

strange, new; krinon, a lily.]
penicillus, S. A. Miller, 1881, Jour. Cin.

Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 4, Hud. Riv. Gr.

[Sig. a painter's brush.]
Zeacrinus cariniferus, refer to Coeliocrinus

cariniferus.
compactilis is from the Kaskaskia Gr.
coxanus, Worthen, 1882, Bull. No. 1,

111. St. Mus. Nat. Hist., Keokuk Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
crassus, refer to Eupachycrinus crassus.
formosus, refer to Eupachycrinus for-

mosus.
keokuk, Worthen, 1882, Bull. No. 1, 111.

St. Mus. Nat. Hist., Keokuk Gr. [Ety.

proper name ]
lyra, refer to Coelioerinus lyra.
moorei, Whitfield, 1882, Desc.New Spec.

Foss. from Ohio, Coal Meas. [Ety.

proper name.]
pikensis, Worthen, 1882, Bull. No. 1, 111.

St. Mus. Nat. Hist., Burlington Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
subtumidus, refer to Eupachycrinus sub-

tumidus.

BRYOZOA.

SUBKINGDOM MOLLUSCA.

CLASS BRYOZOA.

Acaxthoceadia, King, 1849, Ann. & Mag.

Nat. Hist., 2d ser., vol. 3, p. 389.

[Ety. akantha, a spine; klados, a

branch.]
amerieana, Swallow, 1858, Trans.

St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. 1, Permian.

[Ety. proper name.]
Alecto was preoccupied by Leach in the

class Echinodermata, when Lam-

oureux used it, and hence Stomato-

pora is used in its place,
canadensis, see Aulopora canadensis.
Ami'i.exopora. Ulrich, 1882, Jour. Cin.

Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 5. [Ety. am-

plexus, an encircling; porus, a pore.]
cingulata, Ulrich, 1882, Jour. Cin. Soc.

Nat Hist, vol. 5, Hud. Riv. Gr.

[Sig. encircled.]
septosa, Ulrich, 1879, Jour. Cin. Soc.

Nat. Hist., vol. 2 (Atactopora sep-
tosa), Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. parti-
tioned.] Mr. Ulrich also refers to

this genus Monticulipora discoidea.
Arthroclema spiniforme, Ulrich, 1882,

Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 5,

Trenton Gr. [Sig. spiniform.]
Arthronema, Ulrich, 1882, Jour. Cin. Soc.

Nat. Hist., vol. 5. [Ety. arthron, a

joint; nema, a thread.]
curtum, Ulrich. 1882. Jour. Cin. Soc.

Nat. Hist., vol. 5, Hud. Riv. Gr.

[Sig. short.]
tenue. James, as figured by Ulrich, 1882

(Helopora tennis), Jour. Cin. Soc.

Nat. Hist., vol. 5, Trenton and Utica

Slate Gr. [Sig. thin.]
Ascodictyox, Nicholson, 1877, Ann. and

Mag. Nat. Hist., 4th ser., vol. 19.

[Ety. askos, a leather bottle ; dictyon,

a net.]
fusiforme, Nicholson, 1877, Ann. and

Mag. Nat. Hist , 4th ser., vol. 19,

Ham. Gr. [Sig. fusiform]
stellatum, Nicholson, 1877, Ann. and

Mag. Nat. Hist., 4th ser., vol. 19,

Ham. Gr. [Sig. starred.]
Atactopora. Ulrich. 1879, Jour. Cin. Soc.

Nat. Hist., vol. 2. [Ety. atactos,

without regularity ; porus, a pore.]
hirsuta, Ulrich, 1879. Jour. Cin. Soc.

Nat. Hist., vol. 2, Hud. Riv. Gr.

[Sig. rough.]
maculata, Ulrich, 1879, Jour. Cin. Soc.

Nat. Hist., vol. 2, Hud. Riv. Gr.

[Sig. spotted.]
multigranosa, Ulrich, 1879, Jour. Cin.

Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 2, Hud. Riv. Gr.

[Sig. many grained.]
mundula, Ulrich, 1879, Jour. Cin. Soc

Nat. Hist., vol. 2, Hud. Riv. Gr.

[Sig. neat.]
Atactopora septosa, see Amplexopora

septosa.
subramosa, Ulrich, 1879, Jour. Cin. Soc.

Nat. Hist., vol. 2, Hud. Riv. Gr.

[Sig. somewhat branchy.]
tenella, Ulrich, 1879. Jour. Cin. Soc.

Nat. Hist , vol. 2, Hud. Riv. Gr.

[Sig. neat.]
Batostoma, Ulrich, 1882, Jour. Cin. Soc.

Nat. Hist., vol. 5, founded upon Mon-
ticulipora jamesi, and M. implicate.
Batostomella, Ulrich, 1882, Jour. Cin.

Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 5, founded upon

Monticulipora gracilis, M. granuli-

fera, and Trematopora annulifera.
Berexicea, Lamoureux, 1821, Exp. Meth.

des. genres d. pol., p. 80. [Ety.

mythological name.]
primitiva. Ulrich, 1882, Jour. Cin. Soc.

Nat. Hist., vol. 5, Hud. Riv. Gr.

[Sig. primitive.]
vesiculosa, Ulrich, 1882, Jour. Cin. Soc.

Nat. Hist. , vol. 5, Utica Slate or Lower

part Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. vesiculous.]
Bythopora, Miller & Dyer, 1878, Cont. to

Pal., No. 2. [Ety. buthos, depths of

the sea; poros, a pore.]
arctipora instead of Ptilodictya arctipora.
fruticosa, Miller & Dyer, 1878, Cont.' to

Pal., No. 2, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig.

shrubby.]
nashvillensis. S. A. Miller, 1880, Jour.

Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 3, Trenton

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Callopora aculeolata, Hall, 1881, Bryozo-

ans of the Up. Held. Gr. [Sig.

thorny.]
cervicornis. Hall, 1879, Desc. New Spec.

Foss., Niagara Gr. [Sig stag horned.]
cincinnatensis, Ulrich, 1878. Jour. Cin.

Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 1, Hud. Riv. Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
diversa, Hall, 1879 Desc. New Spec.

Foss., Niagara Gr. [Sig. diverse.]
exsul instead of Alveolites exsul.
irregularis, Hall, 1881, Bryozoans of the

Up. Held. Gr. [Sig irregular.]
minutissima, Nicholson. 1875. Pal. Prov.

Ont , Ham Gr. [Sig. very minute.]
multiseriata, Hall, 1881, Bryozoans of

the Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. having many

series.]
subplana, Ulrich. 1882, Jour. Cin. Soc.

Nat. Hist., vol. 5, Hud. Riv. Gr.
[Sig. somewhat level] Mr. Ulrich

refers to this genus Monticulipora ra-
mosa, M. dalei, M. sigillarioides, M.
nodulosa, and M. andrewsi.

290

BKYOZOA.

Ceramopora explanata, Hall, 1879, Desc.

New Spec. Foss., Niagara Gr. [Sig.
spread out.]
nothiis, Hall, 1879, Desc. New Spec.

Foss., Niagara Gr. [Sig. spurious.]
raripora, Hall, 1879, Desc. New Spec.

Foss., Niagara Gr. [Sig. having few

pores.]
Clathropora intermedia, Nicholson &

Hinde, 1874, Can. Jour., Niagara

Gr. [Sig. intermediate.]
Cloxopora, Hall, 1881, Bryozoans of the

Up. Held. Gr. [Ety. klonos, confu-
sion; poros, pore.]
incurva, Hall, 1881, Bryozoans of the Up.

Held. Gr. [Sig. incurved ]
semireducta. Hall, 1881, Bryozoans of the

Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. half drawn back.]
Crateripora, Ulrich, 1879. C. erecta, C. line-

ata, and C. lineata var. expansa, repre-
sent basal fragments of Bryozoa, and

are not entitled to rank as species.
Crisina scrobiculata, Hall, 1881. Bryozoans

of the Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. having

small furrows.]
Cvstodictya, Ulrich, 1882, Jour. Cin. Soc.

Nat. Hist., vol. 5. [Ety. kustis, a

bladder; dictyon, a net.]
ocellata, Ulrich", 1882. Jour. Cin. Soc.

Nat. Hist., vol. 5, Keokuk Gr. [Sig.

having little eyes.]
Cystopora, Hall, 1881, Bryozoans of the

Up. Held. Gr. [Ety. kustis, a bladder ;

poros, a pore.]
geniculate, Hall, 1881, Bryozoans of the

Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. geniculated.]
Dicranopora, Ulrich, 1882, Jour. Cin. Soc.

Nat. Hist., vol. 5. [Ety. dikranos,

two pointed; poros, a pore.]
lata, Ulrich, 1882, Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat.

Hist., vol. 5, Hud. Biv. Gr. [Sig.

wide.]
trentonensis, Ulrich, 1882, Jour. Cin.

Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 5, Trenton Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
Eridopora, Ulrich, 1882, Jour. Cin. Soc.

Nat. Hist., vol. 5. [Ety. eridos, in dis-
pute; poros, a pore.]
macrostoma, Ulrich, 1882, Jour. Cin. Soc.

Nat. Hist., vol. 5, Kaskaskia Gr. [Sig.

long mouth.]
punctifera, Ulrich, 1882, Jour. Cin. Soc.

Nat. Hist., vol. 5, Kaskaskia Gr. [Sig.

bearing punctures ]
Escharopoea angusta, Hall, 1879, Desc.

New Spec. Foss., Niagara Gr. [Sig.

narrow. ]
Diplotrypa milleri, Ulrich, 1882, Jour.

Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 5, Niagara

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Discotrypa, Ulrich, 1882, Jour. Cin. Soc.

Nat. Hist., vol. 5, founded upon Che-

tetes elegans.
Fexestelea acaulis, Hall, 1881, Bryozoans

of the Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. without a

stem.]
aculeata, Hall, 1881, Bryozoans of the

Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. thorny.]

Fexestelea adnata, Hall, 1881, Brvozoans
of the Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. close to.]

sequalis, Hall, 1881, Bryozoans of the Up.
Held. Gr. [Sig. equal ]

ambigua, Hall, 1879, 28th Beg. Bep., Ni-
agara Gr. [ Sig. doubtful. ]

angulata, Hall, 1881, Bryozoans of the
Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. angular.]

anonyma, Hall, 1881, Bryozoans of the
Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. nameless.]

arctica, Salter, 1855, Belcher's last Arctic
Voyage, vol. 2, Carboniferous.' [Sig.

bellistriata, Hall, 1879, Desc. New Spec.

Foss., Niagara Gr. [Sig. beautifully

striated.]
bi-imbricaU. Hull, 1881, Bryozoans of the

Up Held. Gr. [Sig. double, im-
bricated.]
biseriata. Hall, 1881. Bryozoans of the

Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. having a double

series.]
biserrulata, Hall, 1881, Bryozoans of the

Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. double ser-
rulated.]
brevisulcata, Hall, 1881, Bryozoans of

the Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. having a

short furrow.]
celsipora, Hall, 1881, Bryozoans of the

Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. having high

pores.]
celsipora var. minima, Hall, 1881, Bryo-
zoans of the Up. Held. Gr. [Sig.

the least.]
celsipora var. minor, Hall, 1881, Bryozo-
ans of the Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. less.]
conferta, Hall, 1879, Desc. New Spec.

Foss., Niagara Gr. [Sig. pressed

together.]
conjunctiva, Hall, 1881, Bryozoans of

the Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. connecting.]
corticata. F. intermedia, F. subreti-

formis, F. trituberculata and F.

variabilis, are from the Coal Meas.
cribrosa, Hall, 1881, Bryozoans of the

Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. sieve like.]
cultellata, Hall, 1881, Bvyozoans of the

Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. being like a

little knife.]
cultrata, Hall, 1881, Brvozoans of the

Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. knife-formed.]
curvijunctura. Hall, 1881, Bryozoans of

the Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. curve junc-
ture.]
cylindracea, Hall, 1881, Bryozoans of the

Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. like a cylinder.]
davidsoni instead of F. dawsoni.
depressa, Hall, 1881. Bryozoans of the

Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. depressed]
distans, Hall, 1881, Bryozoans of the

Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. distant.]
elegantissima, Hall, 1881, Bryozoans of

the Up. Held.Gr. [Sig. most elegant.]
erectipora, Hall, 1881, Bryozoans of the

Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. having erect

pores.]
fastigata Hall, 1881, Bryozoans of the

Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. pointed.]

BBYOZOA.

291

Fexestella favosa, Hall, 1881, Bryozoans

of the Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. honey-
comb like. J
nabelliforniis, Hall, 1881, Bryozoans of

the Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. fan like.]
granifera, Hall, 1881, Bryozoans of the

Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. grain bearing.]
granilinea, Hall, 1881, Bryozoans of the

Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. grain lined.]
granulosa, Whitfield, 1878, Ann. Bep.

Geo. Sur. Wis., Hud. Biv. Gr. [Sig.

full of grains,]
hexagonah's, Hall,. 1881, Bryozoans of the

Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. hexagonal.]
hexagonalis var. foraminulosa, Hall,

1881, Bryozoans of the Up. Held. Gr.

[Sig. full of openings ]
interrupta, Hall, 1881, Bryozoans of the

Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. interrupted.]
largissima. Hall, 1881, Bryozoans of the

Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. largest.]
lata, Hall. 1881, Bryozoans of the Up.

Held. Gr. [Sig. wide.]
latijunctura, Hall, 1881, Bryozoans of

the Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. wide jointed.]
levinodata, Hall, 1881, Bryozoans of the

Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. having smooth

knots.]
lineanoda, Hall. 1881, Bryozoans of the

Up. Held. Gr. [Sig having lined

knots.]
lunulata, Hall, 1881, Bryozoans of the

Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. resembling a

small crescent.]
mutabilis, Hall, 1881, Bryozoans of the

Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. changeable.]
nervia. [Sig. having strong ribs, instead

of proper name.]
nexa Hall, 1881, Bryozoans of the Up.

Held. Gr. [Sig. interlaced.]
oxfordensis, Ulrich, 1882, Jour. Cin. Soc.

Nat. Hist., vol. 5, Hud. Biv. Gr.

[Ety. proper nnme.]
parallella, Hall, 1881, Brvozoans of the

Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. parallel.]
perangulata. Hall, 1881, Bryozoans of

the Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. very angu-
lar.]
permarginata, Hall, 1881, Bryozoans of

the Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. having a

large border.]
pernodosa, Hall, 1881, Bryozoans of the

Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. very nodose.]
perplexa, Hall, 1881, Bryozoans of the

Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. intricate.]
pertenuis, Hall, 1879, Desc. New Spec.

Foss., Niagara Gr. [Sig. very thin.]
pertenuis, Hall, 1881. The name "was pre-
occupied. See F. proutana.
perundata, Hall, 1881, Bryozoans of the

Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. very wavy.]
porosa, Hall, 1881, Brvozoans of the Up.

Held. Gr. [Sig full of pores.]
prolixa. Hall, 1879. Desc. New Spec.

Foss., Niag. Gr. [Sig. Stretched out.]
propria. Hall, 1881, Bryozoans of the Up.

Held. Gr. [Sig. proper.]
proutana, n. sp., Up. Held. Gr. Named

in respect for the work of Dr. Hiram
A. Prout. Proposed instead of F.
pertenuis, Hall, 1881, Bryozoans of
the Up. Held. Gr., page 29, which
was preoccupied.
Fenestella quadrangularis, Hall, 1881,
Bryozoans of the Up. Held. Gr. [Sig.
quadrangular.]

rhombifera, Hall, 1881, Bryozoans of the
Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. rhomb bearing.]

rigida, Hall, 1881, Bryozoans of the Up.
Held. Gr. [Sig. rigid.]

robusta. Hall, 1881, Bryozoans of the Up.
Held. Gr. [Sig. robust.]

semirotunda, Hall, 1881, Bryozoans of
the Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. half rotund.]

serrata, Hall, 1881, Bryozoans of the Up.
Held. Gr. [Sig. serrated.]

singularitas, Hall, 1S81, Bryozoans of the
Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. single.]

stellata, Hall, 1881, Bryozans of the Up.
Held. Gr. [Sig. starred.]

stipata, Hall, 1881, Bryozoans of the Up.
Held. Gr. [Sig. pressed together.]

striatopora, Hall, 1881, Bryozoans of the
Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. having striae
and pores. ]

submutans. Hall, 1881, Bryozoans of the
Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. somewhat chang-
ing.]

substriata. Hall, 1881, Bryozoans of the
Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. somewhat stri-
ated ]

tantulus, Hall, 1879, Desc. New Spec.
Foss., Niagara Gr. [Sig. so little.]

tegulata, Hall. 1881. Bryozoans of the
Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. tiled.]

torta, Hall, 1881, Brvozoans of the Up.
Held. Gr. [Sig. twisted.]

variopora, Hall, 1881, Bryozoans of the
Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. having different
pores.]
Glaucoxome nodata, Hall, 1881 , Bryozoans
of the Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. knotty.]

sinuosa, Hall, 1881, Bryozoans of the
Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. sinuous.]

tenuistriata, Hall, 1881, Bryozoans of
the "Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. fine lined.]
Gorgonia anticorum, Castelnau, 1843, Syst.
Sil. Not recognized.

retiformis, Hall, 1843, Geo. 4th Dist. N.
Y , Niagara Group. Supposed to be
a Graptolite.

siluriana, Castelnau, 1843, Syst. Sil. Not
recognized.
Graptodictya, Ulrich, 1882, Jour. Cin.
Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 5. [Ety. grapho,
to write; dictyon, a net.] I am un-
able to distinguish the generic differ-
ence between this and Stictopora.

nitida, Ulrich, 1882, Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat.
Hist., vol. 5, Hud. Biv. Gr. [Sig.
neat.]
Hemithypa duhia, Hall, 1876, is a Fenes-
tella, and the name dubia being pre-
occupied, the species is called F.
ambigua.

292

BRYOZOA.

Homotrypa, Ulrich, 1882, Jour. Cin. Soc.

Nat. Hist., vol. 5. [Ety. homos,

similar: try pa, a perf oration.]
curvata, Ulrich, 1882, Jour. Cin. Soc.

Nat. Hist., vol. 5, Hud. Riv. Gr.

[Sig. curved.]
obliqua, Ulrich, 1882, Jour. Cin. Soc.

Nat. Hist., vol. 5, Hud. Riv. Gr.

[Sig. oblique.]
Ixtrapora, Hall, 1881. Bryozoans of the

Up. Held. Gr. [Ety. intra, within ;

porus, a pore.]
puteolata, Hall, 1881, Bryozoans of the

Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. pitted.]
Ixtricaria clathrata, Miller & Dver, 1878,

Cont. to Pal., No. 2, Hud.* Riv. Gr.

[Sig. latticed.]
Leioclema, Ulrich, 1882 Jour. Cin. Soc.

Nat. Hist., vol. 5 [Ety. leios, smooth ;

klema, a twig.] Proposed to include

Callopora punctata, Hall.
Lichexalia alternata, Hall, 1881, Bryozo-
ans of the Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. alter-
nated.]
alveata. Hall, 1881, Bryozoans of the Up.

Held. Gr. [Sig. hollowed out.]
bistriata, Hall, 1881, Bryozoans of the

Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. double striated.]
carinata. Hall. 1881, Bryozoans of the

Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. carinated.]
circincta, Hall, 1881, Bryozoans of the

Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. encompassed.]
clivulata. Hall. 1881, Bryozoans of the

Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. having little

Hills.]
complexata, Hall, 1881, Bryozoans of the

Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. encircled.]
concentrica var. maculata, Hall, 1879,

28th Rep. N. Y. St. Mus., Niagara Gr.

[Sig. spotted.]
conul.ta, Hall, 1881, Bryozoans of the

Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. having little

cones.]
Crustacea, Hall, 1881, Bryozoans of the

Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. having a crust ]
denticulata, Hall, 1881. Bryozoans of the

Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. denticulated.]
granifera, Hall, 1881. Bryozoans of the

Up. Held. Gr. [Sig grain bearing.]
longispina, Hall, 1881, Bryozoans of the

Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. long thorned.]
lunata, Hall, 1881, Bryozoans of the

Up Held. Gr. [Sig. crescent shaped.]
paliformis, Hall, 1881, Bryozoans of the

Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. stake formed.]
permarginata, Hall, 1881, Bryozoans of

the Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. having a

large margin ]
pyriformis, Hall, 1881, Bryozoans of the

Up. Held Gr. [Sig. pear shaped ]
radiata, Hall, 1881, Bryozoans of the Up.

Held. Gr. [Sig. radiated],
subcava, Hall, 1881, Bryozoans of the

Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. somewhat ex-
cavated ]
substellata Hall, 1881, Bryozoans of the

Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. somewhat

starred.]

Mitocxema, Ulrich 1882, Jour. Cin. Soc.

Nat. Hist., vol. 5. [Ety. mitos, a

thread; klema. a twig.]
cinctosa. Ulrich, 1882. Jour. Cin. Soc.

Nat. Hist., vol. 5, Trenton Gr. [Sig.

girded.]
Moxotrypella, Ulrich, 1882, Jour. Cin.

Soc, Nat. Hist., vol. 5. [Ety. di-
minutive of Monotrypa ]
aequalis, Ulrich, 1882, Jour. Cin. Soc.

Nat. Hist., vol. 5, Hud. Riv. Gr.

[Sig. equal ]
subquadrata, Ulrich. 1882, Jour. Cin.

Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 5, Hud. Riv. Gr.

[Sig. subquadrate.] Mr. Ulrich also

refers to this genus Monticulipora

quadrata.
Moxticueipora consimilis. Ulrich, 18S2,

Jour. Cin. Soc Nat. Hist , vol. 5,

Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. entirely simi-
lar.] Mr. Ulrich refers this genus to

the Bryozoa.
laevis, Ulrich, 1882, Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat.

Hist., vol. 5, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig.

smooth.]
paiasitica. Ulrich, 1882. Jour. Cin. Soc.

Nat. Hist., vol. 5, Hud. Riv. Gr.

[Sig. parasitic]
wetherbyi. Ulrich. 1882, Jour. Cin. Soc.

Nat. Hist., vol. 5, Hud. Riv. Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
Pachydictya, Ulrich, 1882. Jour. Cin. Soc

Nat Hist., vol. 5. [Ety. pachys, thick,

dictyon, a net.]
robusta, Ulrich, 1882, Jour. Cin. Soc

Nat. Hist., vol. 5, Trenton Gr. [Sig.

robust.]
Paleschara incrassata. Hall. 1879, 28th Jteg.

Rep., Niagara Gr. [Sig. thickened.]
Peroxopora uniformis, Ulrich, 1882, Jour.

Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 5, Hud. Riv.

Gr. [Sig. one formed.] To this

genus Mr. Ulrich refers Monticu-
lipora compressa.
Petigopora, Ulrich, 1882, Jour. Cin. Soc.

Nat. Hist., vol. 5. Founded upon

Monticulipora petechialis.
Phyllodictya, Ulrich. 1882. Jour. Cin.

Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 5. [Ety. phyllon,

a leaf; dictyon, a net ]
frondosa, Ulrich, 1882. Jour. Cin.' Soc

Nat. Hist., vol. 5, Trenton Gr. [Sig.

frondose.]
Phractopora, Hall. 1881, Bryozoans of the

Up. Held Gr. [Ety. phraktos, en-
closed; poros, a pore.]
cristate. Hall, 1881, Brvozoans of the Up.

Held. Gr. [Sig. crested.]
Phyllopora, King, 1849, Ann. & Mag.

Nat. Hist., 2d ser. vol. 3 p. 389 [Ety.

phyllon, a leaf; poros. a perforation.]
variolata. Ulrich, 1882, Jour. Cin. Soc.

Nat Hist., vol. 5, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig.

variolated ]
Polypora arkonensis, n. sp., Ham. Gr.

[Ety. proper name.] Proposed in-

ste d of P. tuberculata, Nicholson, in

Geo. Mag. for Apr., 1874, and Rep.

BKYOZOA.

293

Pal. Prov. Ont., p. 100, figs. 37, a, b, c-

Found at Arkona, township of Bo-

sanquet, Canada.
Polypora grandis, Toula, 1875, X. Jahr-

buch. Carboniferous. [Sig. large.]
megastoma, DeKoninck, 1863, Quar.

Jour. Geo. Soc, vol. 19, Carbonifer-
ous. [Sig. large mouth.]
tuberculata, "Prout, is from the Kaskas-

kia Gr
tuberculata, Xicholson, see P. arkonensis.
Prasopora nodosa, Ulrieh. 1882, Jour. Cin.

Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 5, Hud. Kiv. Gr.

[Sig. nodose.]
Prismopora, Hall, 1881, Bryozoans of the

Up. Held. Gr. [Ety. prismas, the

hole made by a cylindrical saw ; poros,

a poie.]
paucirama, Hall, 1881, Bryozoans of the

Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. having few

branches.]
triquetra, Hall, 1881, Bryozoans of the

Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. three cornered.]
Ptilodictya acuminata, is Stictopora acum-
inata.
arctipora is Bythopora arctipora, from

the Hud. Riv. Gr.
briareus, Ulrieh, 1882. Jour. Cin. Soc.

Nat. Hist., vol. 5, Trenton Gr. [Ety.

mythological name.]
hilli, James, 1882 (as figured by Ulrieh),

Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist , vol. 5,

Trenton Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
intemodia, is Stictopora internodia.
niaculata, Ulrieh, 1882, Jour. Cin. Soc.

Nat. Hist., vol. 5, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig.

maculated.]
magnifies S. A. Miller, 1878, Jour. Cin.

Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 1, Hud. Riv. Gr.

[Sig. magnificent.]
nodosa, James, 1882 (as figured by Ul-
rieh), Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol.

5, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig nodose.]
perelegans, see Stictopora perelegans.
plumaria, James, 1882 (as figured by

Ulrieh), Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist',

vol 5, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. belonging

to a feather.]
punctata, Nicholson & Hinde, 1878, Can.

Jour., Clinton Gr. [Sig. having

punctures.]
ramosa, Ulrieh, 1882, Jour. Cin. Soc.

Nat. Hist., vol. 5, Trenton Gr. [Sig.

ramose.]
triangulata, White, 1878, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci., Coal Meas. [Sig. triangu-
lated.]
Ramipora, Toula, 1875, N. Jahrbuch. [Ety.

ramus, branch; porus, pore.]
hochstetteri, Toula, 1875, N. Jahrbuch,

Carboniferous. [Ety. proper name.]
Retepora fenestrata is from the Trenton

Gr.
Rhinidictya, Ulrieh, 1882, Jour. Cin. Soc.

Nat. Hist., vol. 5. [Ety. rhine, a file ;

dictyon, a net.]
nicholsoni, Ulrieh, 1882, Jour. Cin. Soc.

Nat. Hist., vol. 5, Trenton Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
Bopalonaria. Ulrieh, 1879, Jour. Cin. Soc.

Xat. Hist., vol. 2. [Ety. ropalon, a

club.]
venosa, Ulrieh, 1879, Jour. Cin. Soc.

Nat. Hist., vol. 2, Hud. Riv. Gr.

[Sig. veiny.]
Sagkxella ambigua, Walcott, 1S79, Utica

Slate and related formations, Utica

Slate. [Sig. ambiguous.]
Scalaripora, Hall, 1881, Bryozoans of the

Up. Held. Gr. [Ety. scalare, a stair-
case, ladder; porus, a pore.]
scalariformis, Hall, 1881, Bryozoans of

the Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. ladder

formed.]
subconcava, Hall, 1881, Bryozoans of

the Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. somewhat

concave.]
Scenellopora, Ulrieh, 1882, Jour. Cin.

Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 5. [Ety. scene,

a tent; ellus, diminutive; poros, a

pore.]
radiata, Ulrieh, 1882, Jour Cin. Soc.

Nat. Hist., vol. 5, Trenton Gr. [Sig.

radiated ]
Spatiopora, Ulrieh, 1882, Jour. Cin. Soc.

Xat. Hist., vol. 5. Founded upon

Monticulipora tuberculata.
Stictopora basalis, Ulrieh, 1882, Jour.

Cin. Soc. Xat. Hist., vol. 5, Trenton

Gr. [Sig. basal.]
fruticosa, Hall, 1881, Bryozoans of the

Up. Held Gr. [Sig. bushy.]
internodia, Miller and Dyer, 1878 (Ptilo-
dictya internodia). Cont. to Pal., No.

2, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. between

nodes.]
invertis, Hall. 1881, Bryozoans of the

Up. Held Gr. [Sig. inverted.]
linearis, Hall, 1881, Bryozoans of the

Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. linear.]
orbipora, Hall, 1879, Desc. Xew Spec.

Foss., XiagaraGr. [Sig. having round

pores ]
ovatipora, Hall, 1881, Bryozoans of the

Up. Held Gr. [Sig. having ovate

pores.]
perarcta, Hall, 1881, Bryozoans of the

Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. very close.]
perelegans, Ulrieh, 1878 (Ptilodictya

perelegans) Jour. Cin. Soc. Xat.

Hist , vol. 1, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. very

elegant.]
rhomboidea, Hall, 1881, Bryozoans of the

Up. Held. Gr. [Sig rhomb like ]
rigida. Hall 1881, Bryozoans of the Up.

Held. Gr. [Sig. rigid.]
semistriati, Hall, 1881, Brvozoans of the

Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. half striated ]
Stictoporella, Ulrieh, 1882, Jour. Cin. Soc.

Xat. Hist., vol. 5. [Ety. diminutive

of Stictopora.] I am unable to dis-
tinguish this from Stictopora.
interstincta, Ulrieh, 1882, Jour. Cin. Soc.

Xat. Hist., vol. 5, Utica Slate Gr. [Sig.

divided.]

294

BRACHIOPODA.

Stomatopora, Bronn, 1825, System d.
urwetl. Pflanzenthiere. [Ety. stoma,
mouth; poros, a perforation.] This
name is preferred to Alecto, because
the latter name had been used prior
to its application among the Bryozoa.
alternata instead of Stromatopora alter-
nate,.
proutana, S. A. Miller, 1882, Jour. Cin.
Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 5, Hud. Riv. Gr.
[Ety. proper name.]

Synocxadia rectistyla, Whitfield, 1882,
Desc. New Spec. Foss. from Ohio,
Kaskaskia Gr. [Sig. having straight
stiles.]

Thallistigma, Hall, 1881, Bryozoans of the
Up. Held. Gr. (Ety. thallos, a young
branch or twig; stigma, a spot]
intercellatum, Hall, 1881, Bryozoans of
the Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. being inter-
cellular. ]
lamellatum, Hall, 1881, Bryozoans of the

Up. Held. Gr. [Sig lamellated.J
sparsipora, Hall, 1881, Bryozoans of the
Up Held. Gr. [Sig. having few pores.]

Thamniscus multiramus, Hall, ,1881, Bryo-
zoans of the Up. Held.' Gr. [Sig.
many branched ]
nanus, Hall, 1881, Bryozoans of the Up.
Held. Gr. [Sig. a dwarf.]

Thamnopora, Hall, 1881, Bryozoans of the
Up. Held. Gr. [Ety. thamnos, a bush ;
poros, a pore.]
divaricata, Hall, 1881, Bryozoans of the
Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. divaricated.]

Tkhmatopora alternata. Hall. 1881, Bryo-
zoans of the Up. Held. Gr. Sig. al-
ternated.]

americana, S. A. Miller, 1881, Jour. Cin.
Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 4, Burlington
Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

annulifer, Whitfield, 1878, Ann. Rep.
Geo. Sur. Wis., Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig.
ring bearing.]

annulata, Hall, 1881, Bryozoans of the
Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. annulated.]

annulata var. pronaspina. Hall, 1881,
Bryozoans of the Up. Held. Gr. [Sig.
having the prickles bent forward.]

arborea, Hall, 1881, Brvozoansof the Up.
Held. Gr. [Sig. tree like.]

crebipora, Hall, 1879, Desc. New Spec.
Foss., Niagara Gr. [Sig. having close
pores.]

fragilis, refer to Kinderhook Gr.

granulata, Whitfield. 1878, Ann. Rep.
Geo. Sur. Wis., Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig.
granulated.]

macropora, Hall, 1879, Desc. New Spec.
Foss., Niagara Gr. [Sig. having long
pores.]

rectilinea, Hall, 1881, Bryozoans of the
Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. straight lined.]

scutulata, Hall, 1881, Bryozoans of the
Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. checkered.]

subimbricata, Hall, 1879, Desc. New
Spec. Foss., Niagara Gr. [Sig. some-
what imbricated ]

vesiculosa is from the Burlinston Gr.

CLASS BRACHIOPODA.

The Family Spiriferid^e in the 1st edition of this work should be subdivided as follows :
Family Athyrid^e — Athyris, Merista, Meristella, Meristina. Family Atrypid^e —
Atrypa, Ccelospira, Zygospira. Family Nucleospiri».e — Nucleospira, Retzia, Tremato-
spira. Family Spiriferid^; — Spirifera, Spiriferina, etc.

Aegilops, Hall. This name was preoccupied
for a genus in Botany, beside the
species is supposed to be founded
upon the cast of a Lamellibranch.
Anastrophia internascens. Hall, 1879,
28th Reg. Rep., Niagara Gr. [Sig.
growing between.]
Athyris americana, A. euzona and A.
formosa, are from the Kaskaskia Gr.

chloe is from the Ham. Gr.

claytoni, Hall & Whitfield, 1877, U. S.
Geo. Expl., 40th parallel, Waverly
Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

clusia, Billings, 1860, Can. Jour., vol. 5,
CorniferodS limestone. [Sig. per-
taining to Clusium, the name of a town
in Etruria.]

corpulenta, A. hannibalensis, and A.
prouti, are from the Kinderhook Gr.

obmaxima, Mc< hesnev, 1860, Desc. New

Pal. Foss , p. 80, Low. Carb. [Sig.

large in front.]
Athyris ohioensis is from the Waverly Gr.
papilioniformis, McChesney, 1867, Trans.

Chi. Acad. Sci., vol. 1, Kaskaskia

Gr. [Sig. butterfly formed ]
pectinifera is from the Keokuk Gr.
persinuata. Meek, 1877, U. S. Geo. Sur.,

40th parallel, Carboniferous. [Sig.

very sinuate.]
reflexa is from the Warsaw Gr.
trinuclea instead of Terebratula trinuclea.
Atrypa inflata was not defined.

mansoni, Salter, 1852 (Rhynchonelia

mansonij, Sutherland's Jour., vol. 2,

Devonian. [Ety. proper name.]
nustella, Castelnau, 1843, Syst. Sil. Not

recognized,
phoca, Salter, 1852 (Rhynchonella phoca),
Sutherland's Jour., vol. 2, Devonian.

[Sig. a sea dog.]

BRACHIOPODA.

Calceola. This genus belongs to the Polypi

and the family Cyathophyllinae.
Camarella ortoni is from the Niagara Gr.
primordialis, Whitfield, 1878 (Triplegia
primordialis), Ann. Rep. Geo. Sur.

Wis., Potsdam Gr. [Sig primordial.]
waldronensis, Miller & Dyer, 1878

(Spirifera (?) waldronensis). Jour.
Cin. Soc. N»t. Hist., vol. I, Niagara
Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
< amarophoria giftbrdi, Worthen, 1882,

Bull. No. 1, 111. St. Mus. Nat. Hist.,

Middle Coal Meas. [Ety. proper

name.]
occidentalis, S. A. Miller, 1881, Jour.

Cin. Soe. Nat. Hist , vol. 4, Burling-
ton Gr. [Sig. western.]
Ckxtroxella allei is from the Kinderhook

Gr.
erassieardinalis, Whitfield, 1882. Bull.

Ann. Mus. Nat. Hist., Xo. 3, War-
saw Gr. [Sig. from the thick eardind

edges.]
flora. Winchell, 1879, Notices and Desc.

Fogg., from the Marshall Gr. [Ety.

mythological name.]
Choxetes loganensis, Hall & Whitfield,

1877, tf. S. Geo. Expl. 40th parallel,

Waverly Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
michiganensis, C. multicosta. C. ornatus,

belong to the Marshall or Choteau

Group.
mint'inn, Hall, 1876, being preoccupied,

is now C. undulatus.
reversus, Whitfield, 1882, Desc. New

Spec. Foss., from Ohio, Marcellus

shale [Sig. reversed ]
striatellus, Dalman, 1827 (Orthis stri-

atella), Kongl. Svenska Ak. Handl.',

Up. Sil. [Sig. finely channeled.]
undulatus. Half, 1879^ 28th Reg. Rep.,

Niagara Gr. [Sig. undulated.]
verneuilanus var. utahensis, Meek, 1S76,

Simpson's Rep. on Gt. Basin of Utah,

Carboniferous. [Ety. proper name.]
Crania carbonaria, Whitfield, 1882, Desc.

New Spec. Foss., from Ohio, Coal

Meas. [Sig. from the Carboniferous.]
♦ granulosa, Winchell, 1880. 8th Rep. Geo.

Sur. Minn., Trenton Gr. [Sig. full

of granules]
paraUella, Ulrich, 1878. Jour. Cin. Soc.

Xat. Hist., vol. 1, Hud. Riv. Gr. A

doubtful species.
percarinata, Ulrich, 1878, Jour. Cin. Soc.

Nat. Hist , vol. 1, Hud. Riv. Gr. A

doubtful species,
socialis, Ulrich, 1878. Jour Cin. Soc.

Xat Hist., vol. 1, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig.

social.] Found upon crinoid columns.
gpinigera. Hall, 1879, Desc. New Spec.

Fogg., Niagara Gr. [Sig. spine bear-
ing.]
Cryptoxella lens instead of Terebratula

lens.
UnekUeni instead of Terebratula linck-

lseni.

Cyrtixa acutirostris is from the Choteau
Gr.
euphemia, Billings, 1863, Can. Nat. and
Geol., vol. 8, Corniferous Gr. [Sig.
of good omen.]
Discixa manhattensis, Meek & Hayden.
1859, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Coal
Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
marginalis, Whitfield, 1880, Ann. Rep.
Geo. Sur. Wis., Ham. Gr. [Sig. mar-
gined.]
meekana, Whitfield, 1882, Desc. New
Spec. Foss. from Ohio, Coal Meas.
[Ety. proper name. |
microscopica, Shumard,1861, Am. Jour.
Sci. and Arts., vol. 32, Potsdam Gr.
[Sig. microscopic]
newberryi and D. patellaris are from the

Waverly or Marshall Gr.
saffordi, Winchell, is from the Marshall

Gr.
sublamellosa, Ulrich, 1878, Jour. Cin.
Soc. Nat. Hist. Probably the cast of
a Trematis.
tenuilineata, Meek & Hayden, 1859, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci., Coal Meas. [Sig.
fine lined.]
tenuistriata, Ulrich, 1878, Jour. Cin. Soc.
Nat. Hist. Probably the cast of a
Trematis.
Gypidula munda, Calvin, 1878, Bull. U. S.
Geo. Sur., vol. 4, No. 3, Low. Devo-
nian. [Sig. elegant.]
Hemipronites americanus, refer to Streptor-

hynchus americanum.
Koxixckia americana is from the Kaskas-

kia Gr.
Kutorgixa minutissima, Hall & Whitfield,
1877, U. S. Geo. Expl. 40th parallel,
Potsdam Gr. [Sig. very small.]
Leiorhyxchus laura, Billings, May, 1860
(Rhynchonella laura), Can. Jour.,
Ham. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
multicosta was regarded by Billings as a
6yn. for L. laura.
Lept.exa melita, Hall & Whitfield, 1877,
U. S. Geo. Expl. 40th parallel, Pots-
dam Gr. [Ety. mythological name.]
plicatella, Ulrich, 1879, Jour. Cin. Soc.
Nat. Hist., vol. 2, Utica Slate Gr.
[Sig. having small folds.]
vicina, Castelnau, 1843, Syst. Sil. Not
recognized.]
Lixgula acutangula, Roemer, 1852, Kreid.
von Texas, Silurian. [Sig. acute
angled.]
billingsana, Whiteaves, 1878, Am. Jour.
Sci. & Arts, 3d ser., vol. 16, St.
John's Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
densa was described in 1863, in 16th Reg.

Rep.
elderi, Whitfield, 1880. Am. Jour. Sci. &
Arts 3d ser., vol. 19 Trenton Gr.
[Ety. proper name.]
gibbosa, Hall, 1879, Desc. New Spec.

Foss., Niagara Gr. [Sig. gibbous.]
hurlbuti, Winchell, 1880, Geo Sur.

BEACHIOPODA.

Minn., 8th Rep., Galena Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
Lixgula iowensis, Owen, 1840, Rep. Min.

Lands, Iowa. Wis., and 111., Galena

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
melie was described in 1863,'in 16th Reg.

Rep.
membranacea, is from the Marshall Gr.
rectilatera. Restore it.
striata, Emmons, 1856, Am. Geol., Que-
bec Gr. [Sig. striated.]
Lingulepis cuneolus, Whitfield, 1877, Pre-
lim. Rep. Pal., Black Hills, Potsdam

Gr. [Sig. a little wedge.]
ella, Hall & Whitfield, 1877, U. S. Expl.

40th parallel, Quebec Gr. [Sig.

small.]
msera, Hall & Whitfield, 1877, U. S.

Expl. 40th parallel, Potsdam Gr.

[Etjr. mythological name.]
minuta, Hall & Whitfield, 1877, U. S.

Expl. 40th parallel, Potsdam Gr.

[Sig. minute.]
perattenuata, Whitfield, 1877, Prelim.

Rep. Pal., Black Hills, Potsdam Gr.

[Sig. very attenuated.]
Mekistella rectirostra, Hall, 1879, Desc.

New Spec. Foss., Niagara Gr. [Sig.

straight beak.]
Nucleospira rotundata, Whitfield, 1882,

Desc. New Spec. Foss. from Ohio,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. rounded.]
OBOLELLAdesquamata,is founded according

to Ford on the dorsal valve of O.

crassa, and should be referred to the

Lower Potsdam Gr.
discoidea, Hall & Whitfield, 1877, U. S.

Geo. Expl. 40th parallel, Potsdam

Gr. [Sig. discoid.]
Okbiculoidea conica, Dwight, 1880, Am.

Jour. Sci. and Arts, 3d Ser., vol. 19,

Trenton Gr. [Sig. conical.]
Orthis altemans, Castelnau, 1843. Not

recognized.
amo3na, Winchell, 1880. Geo. Sur. Minn.
. 8th Rep., Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig.

pleasant]
charlottae, Winchell, 1880, Geo. Sur.

Minn. 8th Rep., Hud. Riv. Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
cincinnatensis, n sp Hud. Riv. Gr.,

Cincinnati, Ohio. Proposed instead

of Orthis costata, Hall, 1845, Am. Jour.

Sci. and Arts. This is a very small

species, found associated with other

minute fossils on -Vine street hill,
circularis, Winchell, 1880, Geo. Sur.

Min. 8th Rep., Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig.

circular.]
clytie is from the Trenton Gr.
conradi, Castelnau, 1843. Not recog-
nized,
conradi. Winchell. 1880, Geo. Sur. Minn.

8th Rep , H ud. Riv. Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
cooperensis is from the Warsaw Gr.
costata Hall, being preoccupied, see

Orthis, cincinnatensis.

Orthis dalyana, S. A. Miller, 1881, Jour.

Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol.4, Burling-
ton, Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
ella, O. emacerata, and O. jamesi, are

from the Hud. Riv. Gr.
eryna was described in 1863 in the 16th

Reg. Rep.
flabellurn, Sowerby, 1839, in Murch. Sil.

Syst., Niagara Gr. [Sig. a small fan.]
flava, and O. occasus are from the Kinder-
hook Gr.
huronensis, Castelnau, 1843, Syst. Sil.

Not recognized,
infera, Calvin, 1878, Bull. U. S. Geo.

Sur. Terr., vol. 4, No. 3, Low. De-
vonian. [Sig. underground.]
kassubae, Winchell, 1880, Geo Sur.

Minn. 8th Rep., Hud. Riv. Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
media, Winchell, 1880. Geo. Sur. Minn.

8th Rep., Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. in the

middle ]
minneapolis, Winchell, 1880, Geo. Sur.

Minn., 8th Rep., Hud. Riv. Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
pogonipensis, Hall & Whitfield, 1877,

U. S. Geo. Expl. 40th parallel, Chazy

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
schohariensis, Castelnau, 1843, Syst. Sil.

Not recognized,
scovillei, S. A. Miller, 1882, Jour. Cin.

Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 5, Hud. Riv. Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
sectostriata, Ulrich, syn. for O. ella.
■ striatella, see Chonetes striatellus.

subelliptica, White & Whitfield, 1862,

Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 8,

Kinderhook Gr. [Sig. subelliptical.j
suhnodosa. Hall, 1879, Desc. New Spec.

Foss., Niagara Gr. [Sig. subnodose.]
Pextamerus beaumonti, Castelnau, 1843,

Syst. Sil. Not. recognized,
coppingeri, Etheridge, 1878, Quar. Jour.

Geo. Soc, vol. 34, Up. Silurian. [Ety;

proper name.]
deshayesi, Castelnau, 1843, Syst Sil.

Not recognized,
lenticularis, White & Whitfield, 1862,

Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 8,

Kinderhook Gr. [Sig. lenticular.]
pesovis. Whitfield, 1882, Desc. New

Spec. Foss.. from Ohio, Low. Held.

Gr. [Sig. sheep foot.]
trisinuatus, McChesney, 1861, Desc.

New Pal. Foss., p. 86, Niagara Gr.

[Sig. three furrowed.]
Poramboxites obscurus, Hall & Whitfield,

1877, U. S. Geo. Expl. 40th parallel,

Quebec Gr. [Sig. obscure.]
Productus callawayensis, is from the Ham.

Gr.
cooperensis, P. cnrtirostratus, P. dolor-

osus, and P. parvulus, are from the

Choteau or Kinderhook Gr.
coriformis, is from the Kaskaskia Gr.
depressus, and P. fentonensis, are from

the Keokuk Gr.

BEACHIOPODA.

297

Prodcctus hepar, Morton, 1836, Am. Jour.

Sci. & Arts., vol. 29, Goal Mens. Not

recognized,
nanus, Meek & Worthen. 1860, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci., Coal Meas. [Sig. a

dwarf.]
nevadensis, Meek. 1877, U. S., Geo. Sur.,

40th parallel, Carboniferous. [Ety.

proper name.]
poallum, Morton, 1836, Am. Jour. Sci.

& Arts, vol. 29, Coal Meas. Not

recognized,
pyxidiformis, DeKoninck, 1847. Mono-

graphie du genre Productus, Sub-
carboniferous. [Sig. box like.]
subhorridus. Meek, 1877, IT. S. Geo. Sur.,

40th parallel, Carboniferous. [Sig.

somewhat like P. horridus.]
sulcata*, Castelnau, 1843, Syst. Sil. Not

recognized.
Ri.nssel.eria condoni instead|ofR.conradi.
Retzia evax instead of Rhynchospira evax.
, marcyi, is from the Kaskaskia Gr.
osagensis, angl R. popana, are from the

Choteau Gr.
sexplicata, White & Whitfield, 1862,

Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 8,

Kinderhook Gr. [Sig. having six

folds.]
woosteri, White, 1879, Bull. U. S. Sur.,

vol. 5, No. 2, Coal Meas. [Ety.

proper name.]
Rhyxciioxella ambigua, Calvin, 1878,

Bull. U. S. Geo. Sur., vol. 4, No. 3,

Low. Devonian. [Sig. ambiguous.]
arctirostrata and R. perrostellata are

from the Kaskaskia Gr.
boonensis and R. ringens are from the

Burlington Gr.
cooperensis. R heteropsis, R. micro-
pleura, R. missouriensis, R. obso-

lescens, R. persinuata and R. unica

are from the Choteau or Kinderhook

Gr.
cuneata, refer to Rhynchotreta cuneata

var. americana.
eatoniformis is a Syn for R. rocky-

montana.
emmonsi. Hall & Whitfield, 1877, U. S.

Geo. Expl. 40th parallel, Devonian.

[Etv. proper name.]
hydraulica. Whitfield, 1882, Desc. New

Spec. Foss. from Ohio, Low. Held.

Gr. [Sig. hydraulic, from the

hydraulic limestone ]
internodia, Barris, 1879, Proc. Daven-
port Acad. Sci., Corniferous Gr.

[Sig. between nodes.]
laura, see Leiorhynchus laura.
rnansoni. see Atrypa mansoni.
medea, Billings, 1860, Can. Jour., vol. 5,

Corniferous limestone. [Ety. mytho-
logical name.]
neenah, Whitfield, 1880, Ann. Rep. Geo.

Sur. Wis., Trenton Gr. Ety. proper

name.]
neglects var scobina is from the Niagara

Gr.

Rhyxchoxella nucula, Sowerby, 1839
(Terebratula nucula), Murch. Sil.
Syst., Up. Sil. [Sig. a small nut.]

oppositi, White & Whitfield, 1862, Proc.
Bost Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 8, Kinder-
hook Gr. [Sig. opposite.]

perlamellosa, Whitfield, 1878, Ann. Rep.
Geo. Sur. Wis., Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig.
very lamellose ]

phoca, see Atrypa phoca.

raricosta, Whitfield, 1882, Desc. New
Spec. Foss., from Ohio, Up. Held.
Gr. [Sig. having few costoe.]

rockymontana, Marcou, 1858 (Tere-
bratula rockymontana) , Geo. North
America, Coal Meas. [Ety. proper
name.]

sinuata may be erased.

stricklandi, Sowerby, 1839 (Terebratula
sticklandi), Murch. Sil. Syst., Ni-
agara Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

tuta, S. A. Miller, 1881, Jour. Cin. Soc.
Nat. Hist., vol. 4, Burlington Gr.
[Sig. examined.]

warrenensis is from the Ham. Gr.

whitii. Hall, 1863, being preoccupied, see
Rhynchonelbi whitiana.

whitiana, n. sp., Niagara Gr., from
Waldron, Indiana. Proposed instead
of R. whitii. Hall, 1863, Trans. Alb.
Inst., vol. 4, p. 216, and also in 28th
Rep. N.Y. St. Mns. Nat. Hist., p. 164,
pi. 26, figs. 23-33, and again in the
llth Ann. Rep. Geol. & Nat. Hist, of
Indiana, p. 307, pi. 26, figs. 23-33.
Rhynchospira is a syn. for Retzia.

evax, refer to Retzia evax.

sinuata was described by Hall, in 1860,
Can. Nat. & Geo., vol. 5.
Rhyxchotreta, Hall, 1879, 28th Reg. Rep.
[Ety. rhynchos, beak; tretos, with a
hole in it.]

cuneata var. americana. Hall. 1879, 28th
Reg. Rep , Niagara Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]

quadriplicata, S. A. Miller, instead of
Trematospira quadriplicata.
Spirifera alata, Castelnau, 1843, Syst. Sil.
Not recognized.

albapinensis, Hall & Whitfield, 1877, U.
S. Geo. Expl. 40th parallel, Waverly
Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

aldrichi, Etheridge, 1878, Quar. Jour.
Geo. Soc, vol. 34, Devonian. [Ety.
proper name.]

amara. S. cooperensis, S. hannibalensis,
S. marionensis, S. missouriensis, S.
semiplicata. and S. vernonensis, are
from the Choteau or Kinderhook Gr.

arctica, Haughton, 1857, Jour. Roy. Soc.
Dub , vol. 1. Devonian. [Sig. arctic]

argentaria, Meek, 1877, U. S. Geo. Sur.,
40th parallel, Devonian. [Sig. per-
taining to silver.]

atwaterana, S. A. Miller, 1878, Proc
Davenport Acad. Sci., Ham. Gr. [Ety.
proper name.] Proposed instead of
8. pennata, which was preoccupied.

BKACHIOPODA.

Spirifera bicostata var. petila, Hall, 1879,
Desc. New Spec. Foss., Niagara Gr.
[Sig. thin.]

clara and S. translata are from the Kas-
kaskia Gr.

conradana, n. sp, Oriskany, Up. Held,
and Ham. Gr. Proposed instead of
S. fimbriata of Conrad in Jour. Acad.
Nat Sci., vol. 8, p. 263, which was
preoccupied.

costalis, Castelnau, 1843, Syst. Sil. Not
recognized.

crispa var. simplex, Hall, 1879, Desc.
New Spec. Foss., Niagara Gr. [Sig.
simple.]

fastigata, Morton, 1836. Am Jour. Sci.
and Arts, vol. 29, Coal Meas. [Sig.
sloping up to a point.]

fastigata, Meek & Worthen. The name
was preoccupied by Morton. See S.
mortonana.

fimbriata, Morton, 1836, Am. Jour. Sci.
and Arts, vol. 29, Coal Meas. [Sig.
fringed.]

fimbriata, Conrad. The name was pre-
occupied. See S. conradana.

fischeri, Castelnau, 1843, Syst. Sil. Not
recognized.

hirtus, White & Whitfield, 1862, Proc.
Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 8, Kinder-
hook Gr. [Sig. hairy, rough ]

huronensis, Castelnau, 1843, Syst. Sil.'
Not recognized.

inaequivalvis Castelnau, 1843, Syst. Sil.
Not recognized.

ligus, Owen, 1852, Eep. Geo. Bur. Wis.,
Iowa and Minn., Ham. Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]

macropleura, Castelnau, 1843. The name
was preoccupied.

meeki, is from the Burlington Gr.

mortonana, n. sp., Keokuk Gr. Pro-
posed instead of S. fastigata, of Meek
and Worthen, 1870, in Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci., p. 36, and afterward in Geo.
Sur. 111., vol. 6, p. 521, pi. 30, fig. 3,
from Crawfordsville, Indiana.

mucronata, Conrad, syn. for S. pennata.

multicostata, Castelnau, 1843, Syst. Sil.
Not recognized.

murchisoni, Castelnau, 1843, Syst. Sil.
Not. recognized.

novamexieana, S. A. Miller, 1881, Jour.
Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 4, Burling-
ton Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
pennata, Atwater, 1820 (Terebratula
pennata) Am. Jour. Sci. & Arts, vol.
2, Ham. Gr. [Sig. winged.]

pennata, Owen. The name was preoc-
cupied, see S. atwaterana.
rostrata, Morton, 1836, Am. Jour. Sci. &
Arts, vol. 29, Coal Meas. [Sig.
beaked.]
semiplicata, is a syn. for S. cooperensis.
sheppardi, Castelnau, 1843, Syst. Sil.

Not recognized.
sowerbyi, Castelnau, 1843, Syst. Sil. Not
recognized.

Spirifera strigosa, Meek, 1860, Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci., Devonian. Proposed in-
stead of S. macra, Meek, which was
preoccupied. [Sig. thin.]

subvaricosa, is from the Chemung Gr.

taneyensis. SAvallow, 1860, Trans. St.
Louis Acad. Sci., vol. 1, Kinderhook
Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

temeraria, S. A. Miller, 1881, Jour. Cin.
Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 4, Burlington
Gr. [Sig. casual.}

troosti, Castelnau, 1843, Syst. Sil. Not
recognized.

utahensis, Meek, 1860, syn. for S. nor-
woodi.

icaldronensis, Miller & Dyer, refer to
Camarella waldronensis.

waverlyensis, Winchell, 1870, Notices
and" Desc. Foss., from Marshall Gr.
[Ety. proper name.]
Spiriferlna spinosa is from the Kaskaskia

Gr.
Streptorhynchus americanum. Whitfield,
1878 (Hemipronites americmns),
Ann. Kep. Geo. Sur. Wis., Hud. Kiv.
Gr. [Etv. proper name.]

cardinale, Whitfield, 1880, Ann. Eep.
Geo. S.ir. Wis., Hud. Kiv. Gr. [Sig.
cardinal.]

flabellum, Whitfield, 1882, Desc. New
Spec. Foss., from Ohio, Up. Held.
Gr. [Sig. a small fan.]

hydraulicnm, Whitfield, 1882, Desc. New
Spec. Foss., from Ohio, Low. Held.
Gr. [Sig. hydraulic, from the
hydraulic limestone.]

inflatum, White & Whitfield, 1862, Proc.
Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 8, Kin-
derhook Gr. [Sig. inflated.]

occidentalis, Newberry, syn. for Meekella •
striato-costata.

pyramidalis, Newberry, syn. for Meek-
ella striato-costata.
Stricklandinia multilirata, Whitfield,
1878, Ann. Rep. Geo. Sur. Wis., Ni-
agara Gr. [Sig. many furrowed.]
Strophalosia numularis, is from the Mar-
shall Gr.
Strophodonta altidorsata, S. boonensis,
S. cymbiformis. S. inflexa. S.kemperi,
S. navalis and S. subcymbiformis are
from the Ham. Gr.

calvini, n. sp. Upper Helderberg Gr.
Proposed instead of S. quadrata,
Calvin, 1878, in Bull. U. S. Geo. Sur.
Terr , vol. 4, No. 3, which was pre-
occupied.

feildeni, Etheridge. 1878, Qnar. Jour.
Geo. Soc, vol 34, Up. Sil. |Ety.
proper name ]

quadrata, Swallow, 1860, Trans. St.
Louis Acad. Sci., vol. 1, Ham. Gr.
[Sig. quadrate.]

quadrata, Calvin, 1878, Bull. U. S. Geo.
Sur. Terr., vol. 4, No. 3. The name
was preoccupied, see S. calvini.

sernifasciata, refer to Strophonella semi-
fasciata.

PTEROPODA.

299

Strophodoxta striata instead of Stropho-
mena striata.

varhbilis, Calvin, 1878, Bull. U. S. Geo.
Sur., vol. 4, No. 3, Up. Held. Gr.
[Sig. variable.]
Strophomexa donneti. Salter, 1852, 'Suther-
land's Jour , vol. 2, Devonian. [Ety.
proper name.]

kingi. Whitfield, 1878, Ann. Rep. Geo.
Sur. Wis., Hud. Riv. Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]

nemea. Hall & Whitfield, 1877, U. S.
Geo. Sur. 40th parallel, Quebec Gr.
[Ety. proper name.]

rhombbidalis, should be credited to
Wilckens. 1769 (Conchites rhomboid-
alis , Nachrieht von Seltener Verst.
Its range is from the Lower Silurian
to the Keokuk Gr.

striata refer to Strophodonta striata

wisconsinensis, Whitfield, 1880, Ann.
Rep. Geo. Sur. Wis., Hud. Riv. Gr.'
[Ety. proper name.]
Strophoxella, Hall, 1879. 28th Reg- Rep.
[Ety. diminutive of Strophos twisted.]
Hall refers to this genus Stropho-
donta ampla, S. eaelata, S. cavum
bona, S. leavenworthana. S. punctu-
lifera, S. revei sa and S. semifasciata.
Syrixgothyris lialli, is from the Kinder-
hook Gr., and S. typus is found in the
Kiuderhook and Keokuk Groups.
Terebratula acumfnatissima, Castelnau.
Not recognized.

arcuata. Swallow, see T. shumardana.

borealis, Castelnau. Not recognized.

brevilobata, is from the Kaskaskia Gr.

gracilis, Swallow, see T. swallovana.

lapillus, Morton, 1836, Am. Jour. Sci. &

Arts, vol. 29, Coal Meas. [Sig. a little

stone.]
Terebratula Zens,refer to Cry ptonella lens.
Knckkeni, refer to Cryptonella lincklaeni.
nuciformis, Morton, 1836, Am. Jour.

Sci. & Arts, vol. 29, Coal Meas. [Sig.

nut formed.]
nucula. see Rhynchonella nucula.
pennata, see Spirifera pennata.
rocky montana, see Rhynchonella rocky-

montana.
shumardana, n. sp., Kaskaskia Gr. Pro-
posed instead of T. arcuata, Swallow,

1863, Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci.,

vol. 2, p. 83. which was preoccupied.
stricklandi, see Rhynchonella stricklandi.
swallovana, n.'sp.. Kaskaskia Gr. Pro-
posed instead of T. gracilis, Swallow,

1863, Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol.

2, p. 83, which was preoccupied.
trinuclea, refer to Athyris trinuclea.
utah, Hall & Whitfield, 1877, U. S. Geo.

Expl. 40th parallel, Waverly Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
valenciennei, Castelnau, 1843, Syst. Sil.

Not recognized.
Trematis quincuncialis. Miller & Dyer,

1878, Cont. to Pal. No. 2, Hud. Riv.Gr.

[Sig. from the quincunx punctures.]
Trematospira quadriplicata, S. A. Miller,

refer to Rhynchotreta quadriplicata.
Triplesiaprimordialis, see Camarella primor-

dialis
putillus, Hall. 1879, Desc. New Spec. Foss.,

syn. for Camarella waldronensis.
Zygospira concentrica, Ulrich, 1879, Jour.

Cin. Soc! Nat. Hist., vol. 2, Niagara

Gr. [Sig. concentric]
minima, Hall, 1879, Desc. New Spec.

Foss., Niagara Gr. [Sig. the least.] '

CLASS PTEROPODA.

Clathroccelia. Hall, 1879, Pal. N. Y., vol.

5, pt. 2. [Ety. clathro, latticed; koilia,

the belly.]
eborica. Hall. 1879, Pal. N. Y., vol. 5,

pt. 2, Ham. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Coleolus, Hall, 1879, Pal. N. Y., vol. 5, pt.

2. [Ety. koleos. a sheath.]
acicula instead of Orthoceras acicula.
aciculatus instead of dentalium acicula-

tum.
crenatocinctus, Hall, 1879, Pal. N. Y.,

vol. 5. pt. 2, Up. Held. Gr. TSig

notched around.]
gracilis, Hall, 1879, Pal. N. Y., vol. 5,

pt. 2, Chemung Gr. [Sig. slender]
mohri, Hall, 1879, Pal. N. Y., vol. 5. pt.

2, Up. Held. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
spinulus, Hall, 1879, Desc. New Spec.

Foss., Niagara Gr. [Sig. a little

thorn.]
tenuicinctus instead of Coleoprion tenui-

cinctum.

Coleoprion, tenue. Hall, 1879, Pal. of

N. Y., vol. 5, pt. .2, Ham. Gr. [Sig.

thin.]
Coxularia continens var. rudis, Hall, 1879,

Pal. N. Y., vol. 5, pt. 2, Ham Gr.

[Sig. rude ]
crustula, White, 1880, 12th Rep. U. S.

Geo Sur. Terr., Coal Meas. [Sig.

a little crust.]
formosa, Miller & Dyer, 1878, Jour. Cin.

Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 1, Hud. Riv. Gr.

[Sig. beautiful.]
indentata, Conrad, 1854, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci., vol. 7, Trenton Gr. [Sig.

indented.]
infrequens. Hall. 1879, Desc. New Spec.

Foss.. Niagara Gr. [Sig. infrequent.]
multicostata, Meek & Worthen, 1865.

Proc. Acad. Nar. Sci., Waverly Gr,

[Sig. many ribbed.]
osagensis, is from the Kaskaskia Gr.
subcarbonaria, was first described in

1865, in Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.

300

GASTEROPODA.

CoNULARiAverneuilana, Emmons. 1846, Am.

Quar. Jour. Agr. & Sci., vol. 4, Low.

Carb. [Ety. proper name.]
whitei, Meek & Worthen, 1865, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci., Waverly Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
Hyolithes, Eichwald, 1840, Sil. Schicht.

Syst. in Ehstl.
aculeatus instead of Theca aculeata, and

it is from the Kinderhook Gr.
baconi, Whitfield, 1878, Ann. Rep. Geo.

Sur. Wis., Trenton Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
gregarius instead of Theca gregaria.
parviusculus instead of Theca parvius-

cula.
singulus, Hall, 1879, Pal. N.Y., vol. 5,

pt. 2, Ham. Gr. [Sig. single.]
triliratus, Hall, 1879, Pal. N.Y., vol. 5,

pt. 2, Ham. Gr. [Sig. three fun-owed.]
Styliola, Lesueur, 1826. [Ety. from stylos,

a pillar.]

Styliola fissurella, Hall, 1843, instead of

Tentaculites fissurellus.
fissurella var. intermittens, Hall, 1879,

Pal. N.Y., vol. 5, pt. 2, Gennessee

Slate. [Sig. intermitting.]
fissurella var. obsolescens, Hall, 1879,

Pal. N.Y., vol. 5, pt. 2, Ham. Gr.

[Sig. obsolete.]
fissurella var. strigata, Hall, 1879, Pal.

N. Y.. vol. 5, pt. 2, Marcellus shale.

[Sig. fluted.]
obtusa, Hall. 1879, Pal. X. Y., vol. 5, pt.

2, Ham. Gr. [Sig. obtuse.]
Tentaculites gracilistriatus, Hall, 1879.

Pal X. Y., vol. 5 pt. 2, Marcellus

shale. [Sig. slender furrowed.]
neglectus, Nicholson & Hinde, 1874,

Can. Jour., Clinton Gr. [Sig. ne-
glected.]
ornatus is not an American species.
Theca. The species under this genus may

be referred to Hyolithes.

CLASS GASTEROPODA.

Aclis, Loven, 1846, Index Mollusc, litora
Scandin. occid. habit. Refer A.
minuta, A. robusta, and A. swallo-
vana to the genus Aclisina.

stevensoni, see Aclisina stevensoni.

Aclisina DeKoninck, 1881, Faune du

Calcaire Carbonifere de la Belgique

Ann. d. Mus. Roy. d'Hist. Nat.,

tome 6. [Ety. from tne genus Aclis. ]

stevensoni, White, 1882 (Aclis steven-
soni). Rep. Invert. Foss. New Mex.,
Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
Anthracopupa, Whitfield, 1881, Am. Jour.
Sci. & Arts, 3d ser., vol. 21. [Ety.
anthrax, coal; Pupa, a genus.]

ohioensis, Whitfield, 1881, Am. Jour.
Sci. & Arts, 3d ser., vol 21, Coal
Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
Bellerophon alternodosus, Whitfield, 1882,
Desc. New Spec. Foss., from Ohio.
Kaskaskia Gr. [Sig. having alter-
nate nodes.]

antiquatus, Whitfield, 1878, Ann. Rep.
Geo. Sur. Wis., Potsdam Gr. [Sig.
antiquated ]

bilabiatus, White & Whitfield, 1862,
Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 8,
Kinderhook Gr. [Sig. two lipped.]

explanatus, Hall, 1879, Pal. N. Y., vol.
5, pt. 2, Chemung Gr. [Sig. spread
out.]

gibsoni, White, 1882. 11th Rep. Geol. &
Nat. Hist.. Indiana, St. Louis Gr.
[Ety. proper name.]

helena. Hall, 1879, Pal. N. Y.. vol. 5.
pt. 2, Ham. Gr. [Ety. mythological
name.]

hyalina, Hull, 1879, Pal. N. Y., vol. 5,
pt. 2, Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. of glass.]

inspeciosus, White, 18S2, Rep. Invert.

Foss., New Mex., Coal Meas. [Sig.

not handsome.]
Bellekophon lineolatus is from the Kinder-
hook Gr.
morrowensis, Miller & Dyer, 1878, Cont.

to Pal. No. 2, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
nactus, Hall, 1879, Pal. N. Y., vol. 5,

pt. 2, Chemung Gr. [Sig. stumbled

on.]
natator instead of Phragmostoma nata-

tor.
pelops var. exponens, Hall, 1879. Pal.

N. Y.. vol. 5, pt. 2, Up. Held. Gr.

[Sig. exposed.]
perelegans. White & Whitfield, 1862,

Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 8,

Kinderhook Gr. [Sig. very elegant.]
perforatus, Winchell & Marcy, 1866, syn.

for Bucania chicagoensis.
.punctifrons, refer to Bucania punctifrons.
repertus, Hall, 1879, Pal. N.Y., vol. 5,

pt. 2, Ham. Gr. [Sig discovered.]
rotalinea, Hall, 1879, Pal. N.Y., vol. 5,

pt. 2, Ham Gr. [Sig. round lined.]
rugosus, Emmons, 1856, Am Geol., Utica

Slate Gr. [Sig. rugose.]
subpapillosus, White, 1879, Bull. U. S.

Geo. Sur. Ter., vol. 5, Carboniferous.

[Sig. somewhat papillated.]
vinculatus, White and Whitfield, 1862,

Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 8,

Kinderhook Gr. [Sig. bound.]
wisconsinensis. Whitfield, 1878, Ann.

Rep. Geo. Sur. Wis., Trenton Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
Bucania buelli, Whitfield, 1878, Ann Rep.

Geo. Sur. Wis., Trenton Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
devonicais from the Upper Held. Gr.

GASTEROPODA.

301

Bucaxia punetifrons should be referred to
Emmons, 1842 (Bellerophon puneti-
frons), Geo. Rep. N. Y., Black River
and Trenton Grk
Bulimoepha, Whitfield, 1882, Bull. Am.
Mus. Nat. Hist., No. 3.
bulimiformis instead of Polyphemopsis

bulimiformis.
canalieulata instead of Polyphemopsis

canaliculate,
elongate instead of Polyphemopsis
elongate.
Caleonema, Hall, 1879, Pal. N.Y., vol. 5,
pt. 2. [Ety. kallos, beautiful ; nema,

thread.]
bellatulum instead of Loxonema bellatu-
lum, and from the Up. Held. Gr.
[Sig. pretty.]
imitator instead of Pleurotomaria imita-
tor, and from Ham. Gr.
liehas instead of Platystoma lichas.
Chemxjjzia tenuiiineata, is from the

Choteau Gr.
Chiton oecidentalis. Hildreth. 1837. Am.
Jour. Sci. & Arts, vol. 31, Coal Meas.
[Sig. western.]
Clisospira oecidentalis, Whitfield, 1878,
Ann. Rep. Geo. Sur. Wis., Trenton
Gr. [Sig. western.]
Cycloxema cincinnatense, S. A. Miller,
1882. Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol.
5. Utica Slate Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]
doris instead of Pleurotomaria doris.
leavenworthanum instead of Pleurotom-
aria leavenworthana,
subangulatum instead of Pleurotomaria
subangulata.
Cyclora depressa, Ulrich, 1879, Jour. Cin.
Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 2, Hud. Riv. Gr,
[Sig. depressed.!
pulcella, S. A. Miller, 1882, Jour. Cin.
Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 5, Hud. Riv. Gr.
[Sig. beautiful little.]
Cyrtolites magnus, S. A. Miller, 1878,
Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 1,
Bud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. large.]
nitidulus, Ulrich, 1878, Jour. Cin. Soc.
Nat. Hist., vol. 2, Utica Slate Gr.
[Sig. neat.]
sinuatus, Hall & Whitfield, 1877, U. S.
Geo. Expl. 40th parallel, Quebec Gr
[Sig. sinuated.]
Cyrtoxella, Hall. 1879, Pal. N. Y., vol. 5,
pt. 2. A subgenus under Cyrtolites
to include C. mitella and C. pileolus.
Dextalium aciculatum, refer to Coleolus
• acieulatns.
grandsevum is from the Marshall Gr.
martini, Whitfield, 1882, Desc. New
Spec. Foss., from Ohio, Up. Held.
Gr. [Ety. proper name]
Discolites, Emmons, syn. for Cyclora.

minutus, see Cyclora minute.
Euxkma priscum, is from the Calciferous
Gr.

Euomphalus amnion, White & Whitfield,
1862, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol.
8, Kinderhook Gr. [Ety. mythologi-
cal name.]
boonensis, is from the Burlington Gr.
decewi, refer to Pleuronotus decewi.
gyroceras Rcemer, 1852, Kreid. von Tex.,

Silurian. [Sig. a circular horn.]
hecale var. corpulens, Hall, 1879, Pal.
N. Y., vol. 5, pi. 27, Chemung Gr.
[Sig. corpulent.]
luxus, White, 1875, Expl. W. 100th me-
ridian, Low. Carb. [Sig. dislocated.]
macrolineatus, Whitfield, 1878, Ann.
Rep. Geo. Sur. Wis., Niagara Gr.
[Sig. long lined.]
minutissimus, Castelnau, 1843, Syst. Sil.
Not recognized.
• ophirensis, Hall & Whitfield, 1877, U. S.
Geo. Expl. 40th parallel, Waverly
Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
polygyratus, Rcemer, 1852, Kreid. von
Texas, Silurian. [Sig. many coiled.]
sanctisabae, Rcemer, Kreid. von Texas,

Silurian. [Ety. proper name.]
spirorbis, is from the Kinderhook Gr.
strongi, Whitfield, 1878, Ann. Rep. Geo.
Sur. Wis., Magnesian Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]
trochiscus, refer to Raphistoma trochis-

cus.
utahensis, refer to Straparollus utehensis.
verneuili, Castelnau, 1843, Syst. Sil. Not
recognized.
Eotrochus, Whitfield, 1882, Bull. Am.
Mus. Nat. Hist., No. 3. [Ety. eos,
dawn ; Trochus, a genus of shells.]
concavus, Hall, instead of Pleurotomaria
concava.
Fusispira compacta, Hall & Whitfield, 1877,
U. S. Expl. 40th parallel, Quebec Gr.
[Sig. compact.]
Helicotoma naresi, Etheridge, 1878, Quar.
Jour. Geo. Soc, vol. 34, Up. Sil.
[Ety. proper name.]
serotina, is from the Corniferous lime-
stone.
Holopea conica, is from the Marshall Gr.,
and H. eriensis from the Corniferous
limestone,
magniventra, Whitfield, 1878, Ann. Rep.
Geo. Sur. Wis., Niagara Gr. [Sig.
large bellied ]
newtonensis, Whitfield, 1882, Desc. New
Spec. Foss., from Ohio, Kaskaskia
Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
re versa, is from the Up. Silurian,
sweeti, Whitfield, 1880, Ann. Rep. Geo.
Sur. Wis , Potsdam Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]
Holopella mira, is from the Marshall Gr.
Inachus pervetus, see Euomphalus pervetus.
Isonema bellatulum, refer to Callonema bel-
latulum.
lichas. refer to Callonema lichas.
Lepetopsis, Whitfield. 1882. Bull. Am.
Mus. Nat. Hist., No. 3.

302

GASTEKOPODA.

levettei, White, 1882 (Patella levettei),
11th Pep. Geo. of Indiana, Warsaw
Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Loxonema attenuatum var. seinicostatum,
Meek, 1871, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
Coal Meas. [Sig. half ribbed.]
breviculum, Hall, 1879, Pal. N. Y., vol.

5, pt. 2, Ham. Gr. [Sig. somewhat
short.]

cotterana, Billings, 1861, Can. Jour., vol

6, Corniferous limestone. [Ety. prop-
er name.]

kanei, Meek, 1865, Am. Jour. Sci. &

Arts, 2d ser., vol. 40, Low. Held. Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
heviusculum, Hall, 1879, Pal. N. Y.,

vol. 5, pt. 2, Ham. Gr. [Sig. some-
what smooth.]
laxum. Hall, 1879, Pal. K. Y., vol. 5,

pt. 2, Chemung Gr. [Sig. wide.]
magnum, Whitfield, 1878, Ann. Rep.

Geo. Sur. Wis., Niagara Gr. [Sig.

large.]
macclintochi, Haughton, 1857. Jour. Roy.

Dub. Soc., vol. 1, Devonian. [Ety.

proper name.]
parvulum, Whitfield, 1882, Desc. New

Spec. Foss., from Ohio, Up. Held.

Gr. [Sig. small.]
plicatum, Whitfield, 1882, Desc. New

Spec. Foss., from Ohio, Coal Meas.

[Sig. plicated.]
postrenum, Hall, 1879, Pal. N. Y., vol.

5, pt. 2, Chemung Gr. [Sig. the

last.]
rectistriatum. Hall, 1879, Pal. N.

Y., vol 5, pt. 2, Ham. Gr. [Sig.

having straight furrows]
rossi, Haughton, 1857, Jour. Roy. Soc.

Dub., vol. 1, Devonian. [Ety. proper

name.]
sicula, Hall 1879, Pal. N. Y., vol. 5,

pt. 2, Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. a little

dagger.]
turriforme is from the Kinderhook Gr.
vincta, refer to Murchisonia vincta.
Maclurea cuneata, Whitfield, 1878, Ann.

Pep. Geo. Sur. Wis., Trenton Gr.

[Sig. wedge formed.]
minima, Hall & Whitfield. 1877, U. S.

Geo. Expl., 40th parallel, Chazy Gr.

[Sig. the least.]
subrotunda, Whitfield, 1878, Ann. Kep.

Geo. Sur. Wis., Trenton Gr. [Sig.

somewhat rotund.]
Mackocheilus. This generic name was

preoccupied by Hope, in 183S, for a

genus of Coleopterous insects. Bayle

has proposed Macrochilina, to which

all the species may be referred,
cooperense, is from the Kaskaskia Gr.
pinquis, is from the M .rshall or Kinder-
hook Gr.
priscum, Whitfield, 1882, Desc. New

Spec. Foss. from Ohio, Up. Held. Gr.

[Sig. ancient.]
" subcorpulentum, Whitfield, 1882, Desc.

New Spec. Foss. from Ohio, Kaskas-
kia Gr. [Sig. somewhat corpulent.]
Macrochilixa, Bayle, 1880, Journal de
Conchyliologie, 3me. ser., t. 19. Pro-
posed instead of Macrocheilus of
Phillips, which was preoccupied by
Hope. [Ety. diminutive of Macro-
cheilus.]
Metoptoma barabuensis, Whitfield, 1878,
Ann. Kep. Geo. Sur. Wis.. Low Mag-
nesian Gr [Ety. proper name.]
cornutiformis, Walcott, 1879, 33d Reg.
Kep., Calciferous Gr. [Sig. horn
shaped.]
perovalis, Whitfield, 1878, Ann. Kep.
Geo. Sur. Wis., Trenton Gr. [Sig.
oval.]
recurvus, Whitfield, 1S78, Ann. Rep.
Geo. Sur. Wis., Low. Mag. Gr. [Sig.
recurved.]
retrorsus, Whitfield, 1880, Ann. Rep.
Geo. Sur Wis., Potsdam Gr. Sig.
turned back.]
similis, Whitfield, 1878, Ann. Rep. Geo.
Sur. Wis., Low Mas;. Gr. [Sig. simi-
lar ]
Microceras minutiss.imtim, Ulrich, 1879,
Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 2,
Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. very small.] I
think this is identical with M. inorna-
tum.
Mxtrchisoxia aciculata, and M. arisaigen-
sis, are from the Upper Silurian,
chamberlini, Whitfield, 1878, Ann. Rep.
Geo. Sur. Wis., Niagara Gr. [Ety.
proper name,
copei, White, 1882, Rep. Invert. Foss.
New Mex., Coal Meas. [Ety. proper
name.]
elegantula, refer to Pleurotomaria elegan-

tula.
intercedens, Hall. 1879, Pal. N.Y., vol.
5, pt. 2, Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. inter-
vening.]
latifasciata, Etheridge, 1878, Quar. Jour.
Geo. Soc, vol. 34, Up. Sil. [Sig.
wide banded ]
limitaris is. from the Kinderhook Gr.
marcouana, Geinitz. 1S06, Carb. und
Dyas in Neb., Coal Meas. [Ety.
proper name.]
multigruma, S. A. Miller, 1878, Jour.
Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 1, Hud.
Riv. Gr. [Sig. much heaped up ]
neglecta, M. quadricincta and M. shu-
mardana, are from the Marshall or
Kinderhook Gr.
obsoleta, Meek, 1871, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci., Coal Meas. [Sig. obsolete.*]
prolixa, White & Whitfield, 1862, Proc.
Bost Soc. Nat Hist . vol. 8, Kin-
derhook Gr. [Sig. prolix.]
terebra, White, 1>79, Bull. U. S. Geo.
Sur. Terr., vol. 5, No. 2, Carbonifer-
ous. [Sig. an auger.]
vincta instead of Loxonema vincta.
worthenana, S. A. Miller, 18S2, Jour.

,-A-rzj;: : : a

Can. doe. Mat. Hist., voL 3, Mapn
Gr. lEty. prefer matte.]

in 1871, in Proe. Acad. Xat SeL
mperta. Hall, 1879, PaL X. Y., toL 5,

pt 2, pL 29, Up. Held. Gr. ISig-

Proe. Acad. Xat Sou,
Kasfcastaa Gr. TEtv. proper name.]
nOifera, White, 1880, 12th Sep. U. S-
Geo. Sur. Terr.. Up. Coal Meas. ISig.

'•-•.'. •-.-.:. . _

Whiineld.lS83.Dese.Xew Spec.

Foss. fhm Ohio, Coal Meas. [Ety.

proper name.]

neaae. WhitneJd. 1882, Dese. Xe w Spec.

Fobs, from Ohio, KaskaskiaGr. [sSg.1

Rep., Cakaferous Gr. ISig. the
|

PutTTCKKJLS natieoides, Etheridge, 1838,
Qaar. Joor. Geo. Sor., voL 34, Up. SiL
ISig. like a Jtofaa.]
paialium. White * Whitfield, 1S62, Proc.
Bost Soe. Xat Hist., voL 8, Kinder-
hook Gr. JSig. that grows by tit*

Ohio, Up. Held. Gr.
I*ig. a kind of fish tooth.]
suhsmuo&um, Worthen, 1882, BulL Xo.
1, HL St. Mas. Xat Hist., Low. HeM-
Gr. ISig. somewhat sinuous.] Pro-
posed instead of P. sobondatam, M
AW.
tribulosam, White, 1880, 12th Be]

•-- . - : I-;-:.: :.- _: :. •'.-,r. rvj
thorny.]
:':,:•:-■: :. _•■ ■•■- -• . v. •• - .>.»_.

BolL Xo. 1, HL St- Mus. Xat- Hist.,
Hayden's U. S. Geo. Sur. Terr., Coal Meas. Proposed instead of P.

CakiferousGr. ISig. a dwarf.] tanudum, M. & W., which

OaanrracHxrs. S. A.

Cm. Sac Xat Hist. voL 2. lEty. I Puxkoxotcs, HaU, 18S9, PaL X. Y

5. pt 2. lEty. jrieuru, '
a track.] Supposed to he me trail of
aGaateropod.
monfliformis, S. A. MiBer. 1880, Jour.
Cm. Soe. Xat- Hist., vol 2, Utka
State Gr. ISig fike a neekbee.]
PiLEioui irringi, Whitfield, 1878, Ann.
Sep. Geo. Sur. Wk, Potsdam Gr.

Pxi-BOTiaocHT-s, HaO, 1*79. PaL X.
voL 5, pt 2 JEty.

■eft
Paimia

E«. jw^//*, a dfch]
ImeffoC, White. 189, 11th Bep. GeoL A
iw Gr., re-

Puran m uin

m. y., tol

decewL
HaO, 1879, PaL
pt 2, Up. Held. Gr.

>._■ :. dpmtj

~ 1879, PaL X. Y.,
toL 5. pt 2. Up- HekL Gr.

9 Geo. Sur. Terr.

Difornus. Worthen, 1882. BuU. Xo. 1.
HL St Mas. Xat Hist-, Coal Meas.

I
[of P.

Pampas omaiiet, P. «MH»owi**, P. ram»-
fiatc. and P. ajirafia. Castemau, 1843,
Syst SB. Xotreeognimd.
PULTTCsxas hrfofcre, White A Whitfield,
1882, Proe. Bost Soe. Xat. Hist. roL
8, Kinderhook Gr. gSfe.

Meek, 187L Proc Acad. Xat

■. :•:-:.-. z- . : • ;.-: ■.:.:..-..

itys var. temrispira. HaB. 1879, PaL X.
Y.. toL 5, pt- 2. Ham. Gr. [Sag.

l: ■„■: . ;;. -..: • :,:: I-.-j Ii- : :■-:■: :

rta. Meek and Worthen, *«•, Proc.
Acad. Xat SeL, Keokuk Gr. ISig.

304

GASTEROPODA.

tectoria, and P. vadosa, are from the
Marshall or Kinderhook Gr.
Pleurotomaria muralis is from the Tren-r
ton Gr.
newportensis-, White, 1880, 12th Rep. U.
S. Geo. Sur. Terr., Coal Meas. [Ety.
proper name.]
nitela. Hall, 1879, Pal. N. Y., vol. 5, pt.

2. Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. brightness.]
perizomata. White, 1882, Rep. Invert.
Foss , New Mex., Coal Meas. [Sig.
girdled.]
quadricarinata instead of P. quadricos-

tata.
quadrilix, Hall, 1879, Pal. N.Y., vol. 5,
pt. 2, Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. having
four whorls (?).]
racinensis, Whitfield, 1878, Ann. Rep.
Geo. Sur. Wis., Niagara Gr. [Ety.
proper name ]
riddelli instead of P. riddlei.
rugulata, Hall. 1860, 13th Reg. Rep..
Ham. Gr [Sig. having wide furrows.]
subangulata, refer to Cyclonema suban-

gulatum.
taggarti, Meek, 1874, 7th Rep. Hayden's
U. S. Geo. Sur. Terr., Coal Meas.
[Ety. proper name.]
tenuimarginata, refer to Eotrochus con-

cavus.
tumida, refer to Platystoma grayvillense.
Polyphemopsi8 bulimiformis, refer to Buli-
morpha bulimiformis.
canaliculata, refer to Bulimorpha canali-

eulata.
elongata, refer to Bulimorpha elongata.
mel^noides, Whitfield, 1882, Desc. New
Spec. Foss., from Ohio, Kaskaskia
Gr. [Sig like a Melania.]
Porcellia crassinoda, White & Whitfield,
1-62 Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol.
8, Kinderhook Gr. [Sig. thick noded.]
rectinoda is from the Marshall or Kin-
derhook Gr.
rotatoria, refer to Goniatites plebei-
formis.
Pupa bigsbyi, Dawson, 1880, Am. Jour.
Sci. & Arts, 3d ser., vol. 20, Coal
Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
Rafhistoma acutmn. Hall & Whitfield,
1877, U. S. Geo. Expl., 40th parallel,
Chazy Gr. [Sig. acute.]
niagarense, Whitfield, 1878, Ann. Rep.
Geo. Sur. Wis., Niagara Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]
trochiscus, Meek, 1870 (Euomphalus
trochiscus), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Calciferous or Trenton Gr. [Sig.
a small round ball.]
Rotella verruculifera, White, 1882, Rep.
Invert. Foss.. New Mex., Coal Meas.
[Sig. bearing little eminences.]

Sc^vogyra, Whitfield, 1878, Ann. Rep.

Geo. Sur. Wis. [Ety. sccevus toward

the left; gyrus, a circle.]
elevata, Whitfield, 1878, Ann. Rep. Geo.

Sur. Wis., Low. Mag. Gr. [Sig.

elevated.]
obliqua, Whitfield, 1878, Ann. Rep. Geo.

Sur. Wis., Low. Mag. Gr. [Sig.

oblique.]
swezeyi, Whitfield. 1878, Ann. Rep.

Geo. Sur. Wis., Low. Mag. Gr. [Ety.

proper name ]
Soleniscus brevis, White, 1882, Rep. In-
vert. Foss., New Mex., Coal Meas.

J Sig. short.]
planus, White, 1882. Rep. Invert. Foss.,

New Mex., Coal Meas. [Sig. flat.]
Straparollus barrisi, and S. macrompha-

lus from the Marshall or Kinderhook

Gr.
planispira, S. quadrivolvis, S. spergen-

ensis, and 8.. spergenensis var. planor-

biformis, refer to Euomphalus.
utahensis, Hall & WThitfield. 1877, U. S.

Geo. Expl., 40th parallel, Waverly

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Strophites, Dawson. 1880, Am. Jour. Sci.

and Arts. [Ety. from the genus Stro-

phia.]
grandfevus, Dawson, 1880, Am. Jour. Sci.

and Arts, 3d ser., vol. 20, Devonian.

[Sig. old aged.]
Strophostylus cvclostomus var. disjunct-

us, Hall, 1879, 28th Reg. Rep.,

Niagara Gr. [Sig. disjoined.]
obliquus, S. ovatus, and S subglobosus,

are from the Corniferous limestone.
Subulites gracilis, S. A. Miller, 1882. Jour.

Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 5, Niagara

Gr. [Sig. slender.]
Tremanotus is a syn. for Bucania. The

supposed openings on the cast repre-
sent the spines upon the back of the

anterior part of the last whorl of the

shell, and the fossil is a true Bucania.
alpheus, syn. for Bucania chicagoensis.
Trochita carbonaria from the Kaskaskia

Gr.
Trochonema beloitense, Whitfield, 1878,

Ann. Rep. Geo. Sur. Wis., Trenton

Gr. [Etv. proper name.]
beachi. Whitfield, 1878, Ann. Rep. Geo.

Sur. Wis., Trenton Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
Turbo huronensis, Castelnau, 1843. Not

recognized,
shumardi, de Verneuil, 1846, Bulletin de

la Soc. Geol. de France, Up. Held.

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Turritella schokariensis, Castelnau, 1843.

Not recognized.

CEPHALOPODA.

305

CLASS CEPHALOPODA.

Actixoceras beaudaxti, Cast'enau, 1843,
.systeme Silurien, Niagara Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]

beaumonti, Castlenau, 1S43, Systeme Si-
lurien, Niagara Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]
blainvillei, Castelnau, 1843, Systeme Si-
lurien, Hud.Kiv. Gr.(?) [Ety. proper
name.]
cordieri, Castelnau, 1843, Systeme Silu-
rien, Hud. Riv. Gr. (?) [Ety. proper
name.]
deshayesi, Castelnau, 1843, Systeme Silu-
rien, Hud. Riv. Gr. ( '?) [Ety. proper
name.]

dufresnoyi, Castelnau, 1843, Systeme Si-
lurien, Niagara Gr. [Ety. proper
name.
Ammonites bellicosus. Morton. 1836, Am.
Jour. Sci. and Arts, vol. 29, Coal
lleas. Not recognized.

colubreUus, see Goniatites colubrellus..

hildrethi, see Goniatites hildrethi.
Bactrites, Sandberger, 1841, Leonh. u.
Bronn's Jabrb. [Ety. baktron, a staff.]

clavus, Hall, 1879, Pal. N.Y., vol. 5,
Ham. Gr. [Sig. a spike.]
Beatriceo. should be referred to the sponges.
Colpoceras clarkei. Wetherby, 1881, Jour,
tin Soc. Nat. Hist., vol 4, Trenton
Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Cyrtoceras absens, refer to Gomphoceras
absens.

aemulum. Hall, 1879, Pal. N. Y., vol. 5,
Up. Held. Gr [Sig. emulous.]

alternatum, Hall. 1879, Pal. N. Y., vol.
5, Marcellus Shale. [Sig. changed
by turns] Proposed instead of C.
undulatum of Hall.

amnion, Billings, 1861, Can. Jour., vol. 6,
Corniferous limestone. [Ety. mytho-
logical name.]

amoenum, S. A. Miller, 1878. Jour. Cin.
.Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 1, Hud. Riv. Gr.
[Sig. welcome.]

annulatum, Hall, see C. subannulatum.

arcuatum, Hall, see C. subarcuatum.

aristides is a proper name instead of
mythological.

bannisteri, Winchell & Marcy, see
Trochocei'as bannisteri.

belus, Billings, 1861, Can. Jour , vol. 6,
Corniferous Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

beta is Gomphocer s beta.

cancellation. Hall, see ('. subcancellatum.

cessator. Hall & Whitfield, 1877, U. S.
Expl. Exped , 40th parallel, Coal
Meas. [Sig a loiterer.]

citum, Hall, 1879. Pal. N. Y., vol. 5,
Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. speedy.]

clavatum, refer to Gompboeeras clavatum.

conoidale, Wetherby, 1881, Jour. Cin.
Soc. Nat Hist,, vol. 4, Hud. Riv, Gr.
[-ig. conoidal.]

Cyrtoceras conradi, Hall, is Gomphoceras
conr di.

corniculum, Hall, see C. tenuistriatum.

cretaceum, Whitfield, 1882, Desc. New-
Spec . Foss. from Ohio, Up. Held.
Gr. [Sig. chalky.]

densum, Hall, 1879, Pal. N. Y., vol. 5,
Ham. Gr. [Sig. thick J

formosum, Hall, 1879, Pal. NY., vol. 5,
Ham. Gr. [Sig. beautiful.]

gibbosum, Hall, is a syn. for Gomphocer-
as oviforme.

hallanum instead of C. lamellosum, Hall.

hector, Hall, 1879, Pal. N. Y., vol. 5,
Up. Chemung Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]

infundibulum, Whitfield, 1880, Ann.
Rep. Geo. Sur. Wis., Niagara Gr.
[Sig. a funnel.]

irregulare, Wetherby, 1881, Jour. Cin.
Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 4, Hud. Riv. Gr.
[Sig. irregular.]

jason, refer to Gyroceras jason.

niarkcei, Castelnau. 1843, Systeme Sil-
urien, Trenton Gr. ( ?) [Ety. proper
name.]

olenus, Hall, in the addenda to the 1st
edition of this work, may be stricken
out as the species is now referred
to Trochoceras.

orion, Hall, refer to Trochoceras orion.

planidorsatum, Whitfield, 1880. Ann.
Rep. Geo. Sur. Wis., Trenton Gr.
[Sig. having a level back.]

rectum, Whitfield, 1880, Ann. Rep. Geo.
Sur. Wis., Niagara Gr. [Sig. straight.]

saccuhts, Meek and Worthen, refer to
Gomphoceras sacculus.

unicorne is from the Marshall or Kinder-
hook Gr.
Discites ammonis, Hall, 1879, Pal. NY.,
vol. 5, Up. Held. Gr. [Sig of Amnion.]

inopinatus, Hall, 1879, Pal. N.Y., vol. 5,
Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. unexpected.]

marcellensis instead of Nautilus marcell-
ensis.
Endoceras bristolense, S. A. Miller, 1882,
Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 5,
Hud. Riv. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

egani, S. A. Miller. 188*2, Jour. Cin. Soc.
Nat. Hist., vol. 5, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]

inaequabile, S. A. Miller, 1882, Jour.
Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 5, Hud.
Riv. Gr. [Sig. unequal.]

lamarcki, Billings, instead of Orthoceras
lamareki.

moutrealense, Billings, instead of Ortho-
ceras montrealense.

subannulatum, Whitfield, 1880, Ann.

Rep. Geo. Sur. Wis., Trenton Gr.

[Sig. somewhat annulated.]

Gomphoceras abruptum, Hall, 1879, Pal.

X.Y., vol. 5, Ham. Gr. [s*Ig abrupt.]

306

CEPHALOPODA.

Gomphoceras absens instead of Cyrtoceras

ajax, Hall, 1879, Pal. N. Y., vol. 5,

Portage Gr. [Ety. mythological

name.]
amphora, Whitfield, 1882, Desc. New

Spec. Foss. from Ohio, Up. Held.

Gr. [Sig. a bottle.]
beta instead of Cyrtoceras beta,
cammarus, Hall, 1879, Pal. ST. Y., vol. 5,

Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. a lobster.]
clavatum instead of Cyrtoceras clavatnm.
conradi instead of Cyrtoceras conradi.
cruciferum, Hall, 1879, Pal. N. Y., vol.

5, Schoharie Grit. [Sig. cross bear-
ing.]
fax, Hall, 1879, Pal. N. Y., vol. 5, Scho-
harie Grit. [Sig. a torch.]
gomphus, Hall, 1879. Pal. N. Y., vol. 5,

Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. a club.]
hyatti, Whitfield, 1882, Desc. New Spec.

Foss. from Ohio, Up. Held. Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
illaenus, Hall, 1879, Pal. N. Y., vol. 5,

Schoharie Grit. [Ety. supposed to

be from the genus IUcmua, but

quere ?.] -

impar, Hall, 1879, Pal. N. Y., vol. 5, Up.

Held. Gr. [Sig. unequal.]
lunatum, Hall, 1879, Pal. N. Y., vol. 5,

Ham. Gr. [Sig. lunate]
manes, Hall, 1879, Pal. N. Y., vol. 5,

Genessee Slate. [Ety. mythological.]
mitra, Hall, 1879, Pal. N. Y., vol. 5,

Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. a head band.]
pingue, Hall, 1879, Pal N. Y., vol. 5,

Ham. Gr. [Sig. fat.]
planum, Hall, 1879, Pal. N. Y., vol. 5,

Ham. Gr. [Sig. even.]
poculum, Hall, 1879, Pal. N. Y., vol. 5,

Ham. Gr. [Sig. a cup.]
potens, Hall, 1879, Pal. N. Y., vol. 5,

Waverly Gr. [Sig. powerful.]
raphanus. Hall, 1879, Pal. N. Y., vol. 5,

Ham. Gr. [Sig. a radish.]
rude, Hall, 1879, Pal. N. Y., vol. 5,

Ham. Gr. [Sig. rough.]
sacculus instead of Cyrtoceras sacculus.
sciotoense, Whitfield, 1882, Desc New

Spec. Foss., from Ohio, Up. Held.

Gr. [Ety. proper name ]
solidum, Hall, 1879, Pal. N. Y., vol.5,

Marcellus Shale. [Sig. solid.]
tumidum, Hall, 1879, Pal. N. Y., vol. 5,

Chemung Gr. [Sig. tumid.]
Goniatites andrewsi, Winchell, 1870,

Notices and Desc, from Marsh all Gr.,

etc., Marshall Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
canadensis, Castelnau, 1843, Syst. Sil.

Probably a syn. for Bellerophon

bilobatus.
colubrellus, Morton, 1836 (Ammonites

colubrellus), Am. Jour. Sci. & Arts,

vol. 29, Waverly Gr. [Sig. a little

snake.]
txpansus, Vanuxem, being preoccupied

by von Buch, in 1838. G. vanuxemi
has been proposed instead of it.
Goniatites goniolobus, Meek, 1877, U. S.
Geo. Sur., 40th parallel. Carbonifer-
ous. [Sig having angular lobes.]

hildrethi, Morton, 1836 (Ammonites
hildrethi), Am. Jour. Sci. & Arts,
vol. 29, Waverly Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]

holmesi, G. ixion, G. morganensis, G.
osagensis. G. oweni, and G. oweni
var. parallelus, are from the Choteau
or Kinderhook Gr.

hyas is a syn. for G. lyoni.

k'ingi, Hall & Whitfield, 1877, U. S. Geo.
Expl. Expecl., 40th parallel, Coal
Meas. [Ety. proper name.]

nundaia is a syn. for G. sinuosus.

ohioensis, Winchell, 1870, Notices and
Desc. Foss. from Marshall Gr. x [Ety.
proper name.]
opimus, White & Whitfield, 1862. Proc.
Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 8, Kinder-
hook Gr. [Sig. plump.]

plebeiformis, Hall, 1879, Pal. N. Y., vol.
5, Marcellus Shale. [Sig. from re-
semblance to G. plebeius/\ Proposed
instead of Porcellia rotatoria, Hall,
which was preoccupied in this genus.

vanuxemi. Hall, 1879, Pal. N. Y., vol. 5,
Marcellus Shale. [Ety. proper name.]
Proposed instead of Q. expansus, of
Vanuxem, which was preoccupied
by Von Buch.
Gyroceras abruptum, Hall, 1879, Desc.
New Spec. Foss., Niagara Gr. [Sig.
abrupt.]

burlingtonense, may be referred to Nau-
tilus burlingtonensis.

columbiense, Whitfield, 1882, Desc New
Spec. Foss. from Ohio, Up. Held. Gr.
[Ety. proper name.]

duplicostatum, Whitfield, 1878, Ann.
Eep. Geo Sur. Wis., Trenton Gr.
[Sig. double ribbed.]

elrodi, White, 1882, 11th Ann. Kep.
Geol. and Nat. Hist. Indiana, Niagara
Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

gracile is from the Kinderhook Gr.

jason, was described by Hall in 1862, in
15th Keg Kep., under the name of
Cyrtoceras ]ason.

laciniosum, Hall, 1879. Pal. N. Y., vol.
5, Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. full of points.]

liratum, refer to Nautilus liratus.

matheri is from the Up. Held. Gr.

pratti, Barris, 1879, Proc. Dav. Acad.
Sci., vol. 2, Up. Held. Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]

seminodosum, Whitfield, 1882, Desc.
New Spec. Foss. from Ohio, Up. Held.
Gr. [Sig. half nodose. ]

subliratum, refer to Nautilus subliratus.

undulatum is from the Up. Held. Gr.,
and dated 1842.

vagrans instead of vagans.
Hortholus americanus, refer to Lituites
americanus.

CEPHALOPODA.

307

Huronia stokesi, Castelnau, 1843, Syst. Sil.

Schoharie Grit. Not recognized.
Lituites americanus, Emmons, 1856 (Hor-

tholus americanus) Am. Geol., Black

Riv. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
convolvans, as identified by Hall, in Pal.

N. Y., vol. 1, is described as L.

americanus.
multicostatus, Whitfield, 1880. Ann.

Rep. Geo. Sur. Wis., Niagara Gr.

[Sig. many ribbed]
murchisoni, Troost. Not defined so as to

be recognized.
Melia cancellatus, Emmons, 1856, Am. Geol.

Not defined so as to be recognized.
Nautilus acrseus. Hall, 1879, Pal. N.Y.,

vol. 5, Ham. Gr. [Sig. occupying a

height.]
barrandi, Hall, being preoccupied by Von

Hauer in 1850, N. magister has been

proposed in its place,
burlingtonensis instead of Gyroceras

burlingtonense .
cavus, Hall, 1879, Pal. N.Y., vol. 5,

Ham. Gr. [Sig. concave ]
danvillensis, White, 1878, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci , Coal Meas. [Ety. proper

name.]
digonus, refer to Trematodiscns digonus.
liratus instead of Gyroceras liratum.
liratus var juvenis, Hall. 1879, Pal. N.

Y., vol. 5, Ham. Gr. [Sig. young.]
magister, Hall, 1879, Pal. NY., vol 5,

Ham. Gr. [Sig. the chief.] Proposed

instead of N. barrandi, which was

preoccupied.
marcellensis, refer to Discites marcellen-

sis.
oceanus, Hall, 1879, Desc. New Spec.

Foss.. Niagara Gr. [Sig. the ocean.]
ortoni, Whitfield. 1882. Desc. New Spec.

Foss from Ohio, Coal Meas. [Ety.

proper name.]
pauper, Whitfield, 1882, Desc. New Spec.

Foss. from Ohio, Kaskaskia Gr. [Sig.

poor]
subliratus instead of Gyroceras sublira-

tum.
Nelimenia incognita, Castelnau, 1843. Syst.

Sil. Probably a fragment of Phrag-

moceras or Oncoceras.
Oncoceras brevicurvatum, Whitfield, 1880,

Ann. Pep. Geo. Sur. Wis., Trenton

Gr. [Sig. short curved ]
mummiforme, Whitfield, 18S0, Ann. Rep.

Geo. Sur. Wis. Trenton Gr. Sig.

mummiform.]
Orthoceras acicula, refer to Coleolus

acicula.
amycus, Hall, 1879, Desc. New Spec.

Foss., Niagara Gr. [Ety. mythologi-
cal name.]
anguis, Hall, 1879, Pal. N. Y.,'vol. 5,

Chemung Gr. [Sig. a serpent.]
annulato-costatum, Meek & Worthen, is

O. randolphense.
arcuatellum, Sandberger, identified by

Winchell, in Am. Jour. Sci. & Arts,
in 1862, is not an American species.
Orthoceras atreus, Hall, 1879, Pal. N. Y.,
vol. 5, Portage Gr. [Ety. mythological
name.]

aulax, Hall, 1879, Pal. N. Y., vol. 5,
Ham. Gr. [Sig. a furrow.]

bebryx var. cayuga, Hall, 1877, Pal. N.
Y., vol. 5, Chemung Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]

beloitense, Whitfield. 1878, Ann. Rep.
Geo. Sur. Wis., Trenton Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]

bipartitum, Hall, 1879, Pal. N.Y.,vol. 5,
Up. Chemung Gr. [Sig. two parted.]

cselamen, Hall, 1879, Pal. N. Y., vol. 5,-
Ham. Gr. [Sig. a bass relief.]

cancellation, Hall, refer to O. subcan-
ce Datum.

carltonense, Whitfield, 1878, Ann. Rep.
Geo. Sur. Wis., Niagara Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]

carnosum, Hall, 1879, Pal. N. Y., vol. 5,
Schoharie Grit. [Sig. fleshy.]

chemungense andO. indianense are from
the Kinderhook Gr.

cingulum, Hall, 1879, Pal. N. Y., vol. 5,
Schoharie Grit. [Sig. a zone.]

clavatum, Hall, refer to O. desideratum.

cochleatum. Hall. 1879, Pal. N. Y., vol.
5, Chemung Gr. [Sig. screw formed.]

collatum, Hall, 1879, Pal. N. Y., vol. 5,
Schoharie Grit. [Sig. collected.]

columnare. Hall, refer to O. orus.

conicum, Castelnau, 1843, Syst. Sil., Ni-
agara Gr. [Sig. conical.]

constrictum, Vanuxem, 1842, Geo. Rep.
3d Dist. N. Y., Ham. Gr. [Sig. con-
stricted.]

constrictum, Conrad. Not defined so as
to be recognized, and it may be strick-
en from the list.

creon, Hall, 1879, Pal. N. Y., vol. 5,
Schoharie Grit. [Ety. proper name.]

dawsonanum, n.sp , Carboniferous. Pro-
posed instead of O. perstrictum, Daw-
son, in Acadian Geology, p. 312, fig.
129, as the name was preoccupied by
Barrande.

demus, Hall, 1879, Pal. N. Y., vol. 5,
Chemung Gr [Sig. at Inst, solely.]

elegantulum is in vol. 5, Can. Nat., and
from the Up. Sil.

filiforme, Castelnau, 1843, Syst. Sil., Ni-
agara Gr. [Sig. filiform.]

fluctum, Hall. 1879, Pal. N. Y , vol. 5,
Schoharie Grit. [Sig. waved.]

fulgidum, Hall, 1879, Pal. N. Y., vol. 5,
Chemung Gr. [Sig. shining.]

fustis, Hall, 1879, Pal. N. Y., vol. 5,
Marcellus shale. [Sig. a club.]

griftithi, Haughton, 1857, Jour. Roy.
Dub. Soc, vol. 1, Devonian. ? [Ety.
proper name.]

harttanum, n. sp., Carboniferous. Pro-
posed instead of O. laqueatum, Hartt,

308

CEPHALOPODA.

in Acadian Geol., p. 312, fig. 128,

which was preoccupied.
Orthoceras herculaneum. Verneuil, 1846,

Bull, de la Soc. Geol. de France.

vol. 4, Low. Sil. [Sig. large of its

kind.]
hercules, Castelnau, 1843, Syst. Sil.

Up. Sil. [Ety. mythological name.]
hyas is a syn. for'O. thoas.
idmon, Hall, 1879, Pal. N. Y., vol. 5, p.

302, Ham. Gr. [Ety. mythological

name.]
inoptatum, Hall, 1879, Pal. N. Y., vol. 5,

Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. undesfred ]
isogramma. Meek, 1871, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci., Coal Meas. [Sig. equal

weight.]
jaculum, Hall, 1879, Pal N. Y:, vol. 5,

Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. a dart.]
' kingi, Meek, 1877, U. S. Geo. Sur., 40th

parallel, Devonian. [Ety. proper

name.]
Iceve, refer to O. sublaeve.
laqueatum. Hartt, refer to O. harttanum.
leander. Hall, 1879, Pal. N. Y., vol. 5,

Chemung Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
lima, Hall, 1879, Pal. N. Y., vol. 5,

Ham. Gr. [Sig. a file.]
linteum, Hall, 1879, Pal. N. Y., vol. 5,

Ham. Gr. [Sig. a girdle.]
masculum. Hall, 1879, Pal. N. Y., vol. 5,

Schoharie Grit. [Sig. masculine.]
medium, Hall, 1879, Pal. N. Y., vol. 5,

Schoharie Grit. [Sig. middle.]
michiganense. n. sp., Marshall Gr.. in

the Southern part of Michigan. Pro-
posed instead of O. multicinctum,

Winchell. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil.,

Sept.. 1862. p. 421.
moniliforme, Swallow, refer to O. swal-

lovanum.
multicinctum, Winchell, heing preoccu-
pied by Hall, I have proposed O.

michiganense.
nobile, Meek & Worthen, 1865, Proc.

Acad. Nat Sci., Kaskaskia Gr. [Sig.

famous, noted.]
occidentale, Winchell, heing preoccupied

by Swallow, I have proposed O. vin-

chellanum.
cedipus, Hall, 1879, Pal. N.Y.. vol. 5,

Ham. Gr. [Ety. mythological name.]
ohioense instead of O. pelops var. ohio-

ense.
ommaneyi, Salter, 1852, in Sutherland's

Jour., vol. 2, Devonian. [Ety. proper

name.]
oneidaense, Walcott, 1879, Trans.' Alb.

Inst., vol. x, Utica Slate Gr. [Ety.

proper name]
oppletum, Hall, 1879, Pal. N.Y., vol. 5,

Schoharie Grit. [Sig. filled up.]
pacator, Hall, 1879, Pal. N.Y.. vol. 5,

Portage Gr. [Sig. a peacemaker.]
palmatum, Hall. 1879, Pal. N.Y., vol. 5,
Chemung Gr. [Sig. marked with the
palm of a hand.]
pelops var. ohioense, refer to O. ohioense.

Orthoceras perstrictum, Dawson, being
preoccupied by Barrande I have pro-
posed O. dawsonanum.
pertextum, Hall, 1879. Pal. N. Y., vol.
5, Chemung Gr. [Sig. woven through-
out.]
pervicax, Hall, 1879, Pal. N. Y., vol. 5,

Schoharie Grit. [Sig. firm.]
pravum. Hall, 1879, Pal. N. Y., vol. 5,

Schoharie Grit. [Sig. crooked.]
punctostriatum is from the Up. Sil.
randolphense, Worthen, 1882, Bull. No.
1. 111. St. Mus. Nat Hist., Kaskaskia
Gr. [Ety. proper name.] Proposed
instead of O. annulato-costatum,
Meek & Worthen, which was preoc-
cupied.
scintilla, Hall, 1879, Pal. N. Y., vol. 5,

Ham. Gr. [Sig. a spark.]
sicinus, Hall, 1879, Pal. N. Y., vol. 5,
Marcellus Shales. [Ety. proper name.]
sirpus, Hall, 1879, Pal. N. Y., vol. 5,

Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. a bull rush.]
spissum, Hi.ll. 1879, Pal. N. Y., vol. 5,

Ham. Gr. [Sig. compact.]
swallovanum, n. sp., Coal Measures in the
Valley of Verdigris in Kansas. [Ety.
proper name.] Proposed instead of
O. moniliforme, Swallow, in Trans.
St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. 1, p. 200,
which was preoccupied by Hall,
tantalus, Hall, 1879, Pal. N. Y., vol. 5,
Schoharie Grit. [Ety. mythological
name.]
telamon, Hall, 1879, Pal. N. Y., vol. 5,
Ham. Gr. [Ety. mythological name.]
tenere, Hall, 1879, Pal. N. Y., vol. 5,

Ham. Gr. [Sig. delicate.]
tersum, Hall, 1879, Pal. N. Y., vol. 5,

Ham. Gr. [Sig. neat.]
textum, Hall, 1879, Pal. N. Y., vol. 5,
Ham. Gr. [Sig. that which is
braided ]
thestor, Hull, 1879, Pal. N. Y., vol. 5,
Marcellus Shales. [Ety. mythologi-
cal name.]
thyestes. Hall, 1879, Pal. N. Y., vol. 5,
Portage Gr. [Ety. mythological
name.]
varum, Hall, 1879, Pal. N. Y., vol. 5,

Schoharie Grit. [Sig bent.]
vastator, Hall, 1879, Pal. N. Y., vol. 5,
Schoharie Grit. [Sig. a destroyer.]
Correct in the index, but printed O.
obliquum, on page 243.
viator, Hall, 1879, Pal. N. Y., vol. 5,

Up. Held. Gr. [Sig. a traveller.]
vinchellanum, n. sp , Marshall Gr. in
Southern Michigan. [Ety. proper
name.] Proposed instead of O. occi-
dentale, Winchell, 1862. Am. Jour.
Sci. & Arts, 2d ser., vol. 33, p. 356,
which was preoccupied by Swallow,
wauwatosense, Whitfield, 1880, Ann.
Rep. Geo. Sur. Wis., Niagara Gr.
[Ety. proper name.]
woodworthi was proposed by Mc-
Chesney, in 1865, instead of O. irreg-

LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.

309

ulare of McChesney, which was

preoccupied.
Petalichxus, S. A. Miller, 1880, Jour. Cin.

Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 2. [Ety. petalos,

spread out; ichnos. track.]
multipartitus, S. A. Miller, 1880, Jonr.

Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 2, Utica

Slate Gr. [Sig. many parted.]
Phragmoceras hoyi, Whitfield, 1878, Ann.

Rep. Geo. Sur. Wis., Niagara Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
hoyi var. Compressum. Whitfield. 1878,

Ann. Rep. Geo. Sur. Wis., Niagara

Gr. [Sig. compressed.]
labiatum, Whitfield, 1878. Ann. Rep.

Geo. Sur. Wis., Niagara Gr. [Sig.

lipped.]
Piloceras amplum, Dawson, 1881, Can.

Nat., vol 10, Calciferous Gr. [Sig.

of large extent.]
Sklemina infundibuliforme, Castelnau, 1843,

Syst. Sil. Probably the fragment of

an Endoceras.
Teratichxus, S. A. Miller. 1880 Jour. Cin.

Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 2. [Ety. teras, a

wonder; ichnos, track.]
confertus, S. A. Miller, 1880, Jour. Cin.

Soc. Nat. Hist, vol. 2, Utica Slate

Gr. [Sig. pressed together.]
Traciiomatichxus, S. A. Miller, 1880,

Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist , vol. 2.

[Ety. trachoma, that which is made

rough; ichnos, track.]
cincinnatensis, S. A. Miller, 1880, Jour.

Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 2, Utica

Slate Gr [Ety. proper name.]
numerosus, S. A. Miller, 1880, Jour.

Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist , vol. 2, Utica

Slate Gr. [Sig. numerous.]

Trachomatichnus permultus, S. A. Miller,

1880, Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol.

2, Utica Slate Gr. [Sig. very many.]
Trematoceras, Whitfield, 1882, Desc. New

Spec. Foss., from Ohio. [Ety. trema,

a hole; keras, a horn.]
ohioense, Whitfield, 1882, Desc. New

Spec. Foss., from Ohio, Up. Held.

Gr. [Ety. prope*r name.]
Trematodiscus digonus instead of Nautilus

digonus.
konincki, Wetherby, 1881, Jour. Cin.

Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 4, Waverly Gr.

[Ety. proper name j
rocky montanus, S. A. Miller, 1881, Jour.

Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 4, Burling-
ton Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Trochoceras seneas, Hall, 1870, Rev. Ed.

20th Reg. Rep. Expl., pi. 25, Ni-
agara Gr. [Ety. mythological name.]
barrandei, Hall, 1879," Pal. N. Y., vol.

5, Schoharie Grit. [Ety. proper name.]
biton, Hall, 1879, Pal. N. Y., vol. 5,

Schoharie Grit. [Ety. mythological

name.]
expansum, Hall, 1879, Pal. N. Y., vol. 5,

Schoharie Grit. [Sig. expanded.]
orion instead of Cyrtoceras orion.
pandum, Hall, 1879. Pal. N. Y., vol. 5,

Schoharie Grit. [Sig. crooked.]
Trocholites circularis, Miller & Dyer,

1878, Cont. to Pal. No. 2, Hud. Riv.

Gr. [Sig. circular.]
minuscubis, Miller and Dyer, 1878,

Cont. to Pal. No. 2, Utica Slate Gr.

[Sig. rather small.]

CLASS LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.

Actixodesma subrectum, Whitfield, 1882,
Desc. New Spec. Foss. from Ohio,
Ham. Gr. [Sig. somewhat erect.]
Allorisma andrewsi, Whitfield. 1882. Desc.
New Spec. Foss. from Ohio, Kaskas-
kia Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

antiquum is from the Kaskaskia Gr.

elongatum, Morton, 1836 (Pholadomya
elongata), Am. Jour. Sci. & Arts,
vol. 29, Coal Meas. [Sig. elongated.]

gilberti. White, 1879, Bull. U. S. Geo.
Sur., vol. 5, No. 2, Carboniferous.
[Ety. proper name.]

maxvillense, Whitfield. 1882, Desc New
Spec. Foss from Ohio, Kaskaskia Gr.
[Ety. proper name.]
Amboxychia retrorsa, S. A. Miller, 1878,
Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 1,
Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. turned back.]

robusta. S. A. Miller, 1880, Jour. Cin.

Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 3, Hud. Riv.

Gr. [Sig. robust.]
Anatina leda is from the Kinderhook Gr.
Angellum, S. A. Miller, 1878, Jour.. Cin.

Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 1. [Ety. aggos,

a pail; ellus, diminutive.]
cuneatum, S, A. Miller, 1878, Jonr. Cin.

Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 1, Hud. Riv. Gr.

[Sig. wedge formed.]
Anthracoptera polita, White, 1880, 12th

Rep. U. S Geo. Sur. Terr., Coal

Meas. [Ety. polished.]
Area modesta is from the Kinderhook Gr.
Astartei.la gurleyi. White, 1878, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci., Coal Meas. TEty.

proper name.]
Avicula sesopus, A. angustirostra and A.

trilobata, from the Ham. Gr., A. mag-
na is from the Kaskaskia Gr., A. sub-

qnadrans is Devonian A. textilis var.

310

LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.

arenaria is from the Oriskany sand-
stone, and A. whitei is from the Kin-
derhook Gr.
Avicula cancellata, Barris, see Pterinea

pecteniformis, Hall, 1843, Geol. of N.Y.,
Chemung Gr The species is an Avi-
culopecten, and the name was preoc-
cupied by Conrad,
pinnaeformis. Geinitz, 1848 (Solen pinnae-
formis), Versteinerungen d. deutsch
Zechsteingebirg, Coal Meas. [Sig.
wing-formed.]
Aviculopecten caroli, and A. tenuicostus,
are from the Kinderhook Gr., and A.
oblongus is from the Warsaw Gr.
catactus, Meek, 1877, U. S. Geo. Expl.
40th par., Carboniferous. [Sig. frail.]
curtocardinnlis, Hall & Whitfield, 1877,
U. S. Geo. Expl. 40th parallel, Coal
Meas. [Sig. short cardinal.]
iowensis,n. sp., Marshall or Kinderhook
Gr., at Burlington, Iowa. Proposed
instead of A. occidentalis, of Win-
chell, in 1863, in Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci., Phil., p. 9, which was preoccu-
pied by Shumard.
newarkensis, Wincheli, 1870, Notices &
Desc. Foss. from Marshall Gr., Mar-
shall Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
nodocostatus, White & Whitfield, 1862,
Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 8,
Kinderhook Gr. [Sig. having nodes
and ribs.]
occidaneus, Meek, 1877, U. S. Geo. Expl.
40th parallel, Carboniferous. [Sig.
western ]
parvulus. Hall & Whitfield, 1877, U. S.
Geo. Expl. 40th parallel, Coal Meas.
[Sig. little.]
spinuliferus, Meek & Worthen, 1870,
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Keokuk Gr.
[Sig. spine bearing]
weberensis, Hall & Whitfield, 1877, U.
S., Geo. Sur., 40th parallel, Coal
Meas. [Ety. proper name ]
Cardinia aequimarginalis, refer to Ed-
mondia aequimarginalis.
occidentalis is from the Kinderhook or
Choteau Gr.
Cardiola salteri, Haughton, 1857, Jour.
Roy. Soc. Dub , vol. 1, Devonian.
[Ety. proper name.]
Cardiomorpha triangulata and C. trigon-
alis are from the Choteau or Marshall
Gr.
Cardiopsis crenistriata, refer to Pterinea

crenistriata.
Cardium nautiloides, Castelnau, 1843, Syst.
Sil., Seneca Lake, N. Y. [Sig. like a
Nautilus.]
Ch^enomya maria, Worthen, 1882, Bull.
No. 1, 111. St. Mus. Nat Hist., Up.
Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name. |
Cleidophorus chicagoensis, S. A. Miller,
1880, Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol
3, Niagara Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
ellipticus, Ulrich, 1879, Jour. Cin. Soc.

Nat. Hist., vol. 2, Hud. Riv. Gr.
[Sig. elliptical.]
Cleidophorus major, Ulrich, 1879, Jour.
Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 2, Hud.
Riv. Gr. [Sig. larger.]
semiradiatus and C. subovatus are
from the Arisaig series of the Upper
Silurian.
Conocardium antiquum, Owen, 1852, Geo.
Wis., Iowa & Minn., Silurian. [Sig.
ancient. ]
pulchellum, White & Whitfield, 1862,
Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist , vol. S,
Kinderhook Gr. [Sig. beautiful.]
Cuneamya curta, Whitfield, 1878, Jour.
Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 1, Hud. Riv.
Gr. [Sig. short. 1
elliptica, S. A. Miller, 1881, Jour. Cin.
Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 4, Hud. Riv. Gr.
[Sig. elliptical.]
neglecta instead of Sedgwiekia neglecta.
parva, S. A. Miller, 1880, Jour. Cin. Soc.
Nat. Hist., vol. 3, Hud. Riv. Gr.
[Sig. small.]
Cypricardella plicata, refer to Goniopho-
ra plicata.
quadrate, White & Whitfield, 1862, Proc.
Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 8, Kinder-
hook Gr. [Sig. quadrate.]
Cypricardia choteauensis and C. ven-
tricosa, are from the Choteau or
Kinderhook Gr., and C. shumardana,
from the St. Genevieve limestone or
St. Louis Group.
indianensis, refer to Cypricardinia (?)

indianensis.
subplana, refer to Edmondia subplana.
swallovana, n. sp., Coal Measures of
Harrison county, Missouri. Pro-
posed instead of C. occidentalis,
Swallow, 1863, in Trans. St. Louis
Acad. Sci.. p. 96.
Cypricardinia indianensis instead of
Cypricardia indianensis.
subovata. Miller & Dyer. 1878, Cont. to
Pal. No. 2, Niagara Gr. [Sig. sub-
ovate.]
Cypricardites biyfieldi, C. inconstans and
C. montrealensis may be restored to
the genus Vanuxemia, as it is proba-
bly distinct from this genus,
chemungensis, refer to Goniophora che-

mungensis.
megambonus, Whitfield, 1878, Ann. Rep.
Geo. Sur. Wis., Trenton Gr. [Sig.
having a large umbo.]
quadrangularis, Whitfield, 1878, Jour.
Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 1, Hud.
Riv. Gr. [Sig. quadrangular.]
sigmoideus is from the Hud. Riv. Gr.
Dexiobia halli, and D. whitei are from the

Marshall Gr.
Edmondia aequimarginalis, Wincheli, 1862
(Cardinia aequimarginalis)Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci., Marshall Gr. [Sig, equal
margined.]
bicarinate. E. elliptica. E. marionensis,
E. nitida, E. nuptialis, and E. stri-

L AMELLIBR ANC H I AT A .

311

gillata, are from the Marshall or Cho-
teau Gr.

Edmoxdia inlesi is a typographical error
for E. nilesi.
pinonensis, Meek, 1877, U. S. Geo. Expl.
40th parallel, vol. 4, Devonian. [Ety.
proper name.]
subplana instead of Cypricardia sub-
plana.

Goxiophora ehemungensis, Vanuxem, 1842
(Cvpricardites ehemungensis), Geo.
Hep. N. Y., Chemung Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]
plieata instead of Cypricardella plicata.
speeiosa, Hall, 1879, Desc. New Spec.
Foss., Niagara Gr. [Sig. beautiful.]

Isocardia, jennae is from the Marshall Gr.

Leptodomcs undulatus, Whitfield, 1878,
Ann. Rep. Geo. Sur. Wis., Niagara
Gr. [Sig. undulated.]

Lithophaga illinoisensis, Worthen, 1882,
Bull. No. 1, 111. St. Mus. Nat. Hist.
[Ety. proper name.] Proposed instead
of the form identified as L. lingualis
of Phillips.
lingualis is not an American species.

Lucixa billingsana, n. sp. Devonian. This
name is proposed instead of L. occi-
dentalis, Billings. 1859, Assiniboine
& Saskatchewan, Ex. Exped., p. 187,
figs, b and c. It is from Snake Island,
Lake Winnipegosis. The specific
name octidentalia was preoccupied by
Morton for a Cretaceous species.

Luxulicardium fragosum, Meek, 1877
(Posidonomya fragosa), U. S. Geo.
Expl., 40th parallel, Carboniferous.
[Sig. rough.]

MaCRODox cochlearis is from the Marshall
Gr.

Megalomus compressus, Nicholson &
Hinile, 1874, Can. Jour., vol. 14,
Niagara Gr. [Sig. compressed.]

Modiolopsis cancellata, Waleott, 1879,
Trans. Alb. Inst., vol. 10, Utica Slate
Gr. [Sig. cancellated.]
carrollensisT Worthen, 1882, Bull. No. 1,
111. St. Mus. Nat. Hist., Galena Gr.
[Ety. proper name.] Proposed in-
stead of M. subnasuta of Meek &
Worthen, 1870, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
p. 41, which was preoccupied,
reetiformis, Worthen, 1882, Bull. No. 1,
111. St. Mus. Nat. Hist., Trenton Gr.
[Sig. straight formed.] proposed in-
stead of 31. orthonota, Meek &
Worthen, 1868, Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 3,
which was preoccupied.

Modiomorpha concentrica, should be Con-
rad, 1838 (Pterinea concentrica) Ann.
Pep. Geo. Sur., N. Y., etc.

Moxotis septentrionalis, Haughton, 1857,
Jour. Roy. Dub. Soc, vol. 1. [Sig.
northern.]

Myalixa apachesi is from the Subcarbon-
iferous ; M. concentrica from the War-
saw Gr., M. iowensis from the Mar-

shall Gr., and M. perattenuata was

described in 1858.
Myalixa iowensis, Winchell, 1865, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci., Burlington Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
Mytilarca percarinata, Whitfield, 1882,

Desc. New Spec. Foss. from Ohio,

Up. Held, Gr. [Sig. very carinate.]
Nucula was described in 1801 ; N. hians,

N. houghtoni and N. microdonta are

from the Marshall or Kinderhook Gr.
iowensis was described in the Proc. Bost.

Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 8, and is a Tel-

linomya. N. Stella is also a Tellin-

omya.
nasuta, refer to Nuculana nasuta.
perumbonata, White, 1879, Bull. U. S.

Geo. Sur., vol. 5, No. 2, Carbonifer-
ous. [Sig. having a very convex umbo.]
Nuculana dens-mamillata, N. nuculiformis,

N. pandoriformis, and N. saccata are

from the Marshall Gr.
nasuta instead of Nucula nasuta.
obesa, White, 1879, Bull. U. S. Geo. Sur.,
. vol. 5, No. 2, Carboniferous. [Sig.

plump.]
Nugulites mactroides is from the Marshall

Gr.
sulcatinus is from the Marshall Gr., and

is a Tellinomva.
triangularis, Hall & Whitfield. 1877, U.

S. Geo. Expl , 40th parallel, Devonian.

[Sig. triangular.]
yoldiiformis, Ulrich, 1879, Jour. Cin.

Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 2, Hud. Riv. Gr.

[Sig. shaped like a Yoldia.] It is not

a Nuculites.
Orthodesma byrnesi, S. A. Miller, 1881,

Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 4, Hud.

Riv. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
cuneiforme, S. A. Miller, 1880, Jour.

Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist , vol. 3, Hud. Riv.

Gr. [Sig. wedge formed.]
mickelboroughi, Whitfield. 1878, Jour.

Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 1, Hud. Riv.

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
occidentale, S. A. Miller, 1880, Jour.

Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 3, Hud. Riv.

Gr. [Sig. western.]
subovale, Cliich, 1879, Jour. Cin. Soc.

Nat. Hist., vol. 2, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig.

6uboval.]
Orthoxota phaselia i* from the Marshall Gr.
ventricosa, White & Whitfield, 1862,

Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 8,

Kinderhook Gr. [Sig. ventricose.]
Orthoxotella, S. A. Miller, 1882, Jour.

Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 5. [Ety.

orthos, straight ; notos, back ; ellus,

diminutive.]
faberi, S. A. Miller, 1882, Jour. Cin. Soc.

Nat. Hist., vol. 5, Hud. Riv. Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
Ostrea patercula, Winchell, is from the

Marshall Gr.
Pal^oxeilo similis, Whitfield, 1882, Desc.

New Spec. Foss. from Ohio, Erie

Shale, Portage ( ?) Gr. [Sig. similar.]

312

LAMELLIBRANCHIA TA.

Paracyclas peroccidens, Hall & Whitfield,-

1877, U. S. Geo. Expl., 40th parallel.

Devonian. [Sig. far western.]
sahini is from the Chemung Gr.
Pernopecten limatus is from the Marshall

Gr.
Pholadomya elonqata is Allorisma elongatum.
Pinna ludlovi, Whitfield, 1876, in Ludlow's

Carroll to Yellowstone Park, Coal

Meas.. [Ety. proper name.]
maxvillensis, Whitfield, 1882, Desc. New

Spec. Foss. from Ohio, Kaskaskia Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
missouriensis is from the St. Genevieve

limestone, or St. Louis Gr.
Pleurorhynchus antiqua is Conocardium an-
tiquum.
Posidonia clathrata, P. distans, and P. per-

striata were described in 1853.
Posidonomya ambigua is from the Marshall

Gr.
fragosa, Meek, 1877, U. S. Geo. Expl.,

40th parallel, refer to Lunulicardium

fragosum.
Prisconaia, Conrad, 1867, Am. Jour.

Conch., vol. 3. [Ety. proper name.]
ventricosa, Conrad, 1867, Am. Jour.

Conch., vol. 3, Coal Meas. [Sig. ven-

tricose.]
Pseudomonotis curia is Jurassic.
Pterinea brisa is probably a syn. for P.

strisecosta.
cancellata, Barris, 1879 (Avicula cancel-

lata) Proc. Dav. Acad. Sci. Cornifer-

ous limestone. [Sig. cancellated.]
concentrica is Modiomorpha concentrica.
crenistriata, Winchell, 1862 (Cardiopsis

crenistriata), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.,

Marshall Gr. [Sig. having wrinkled

striae.]
mucronata, Ulrich, 1879, Jour. Cin. Soc.

Nat. Hist., vol. 2, Hud. Riv. Gr.

[Sig. pointed.]
neglecta, McChesney, 1861, New Palaeo-
zoic Fossils, Niagara Gr. [Sig. over-
looked,
newarkensis, Meek, 1871, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci., Waverly Gr. [Ety. proper

name. ]
similis, Whitfield, 1882, Desc. New Spec.

Foss. from Ohio, Marcellus Shale.

[Sig. similar.]
spinalata, Winchell, 1865, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci., Burlington (?) Gr. [Sig.

spine winged.]
Pteronites spergenensis, Whitfield, 1882,

Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., No. 3,

Warsaw Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

Pyanomya, S. A. Miller, 1881. Jour. Cin.
Soc. Nat. Hist., vol 4. .[Ety. pyanos,
a bean; Mya, a genus.]
gibbosa, S. A. Miller, 1881, Jour. Cin>
Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 4., Hud. Riv. Gr.
[Sig. gibbous.]
Ptychodesma knappanum is from the Ham.

Gr.
Sanguinolaria leptogaster is from the

Marshall or Kinderhook Gr.
Sanguinolites chemungensis, refer to
Goniophora chemungensis.
amygdalinus, S. iowensis, S. jejunus, S.
missouriensis, S. nasutus, S. strigatus
and S. sulciferus are from the Mar-
shall or Kinderhook Gr.
naiadiformis, Winchell, 1870, Notices &
Desc. Foss, from the Marshall Gr.
[Sig. like a water nymph.]
securis, Winchell, 1870, Notices & Desc.
Foss. from Marshall Gr. [Sig. broad-
edged axe.]
sulciferus is from Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
1863.
Schizodus subtrigonalis, Meek, 1871, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci., Waverly Gr., [Sig.
subtrigonal.]
Sedgwickia lunulata, Whitfield, 1878, Jour.
Cin. Soc. Nat Hist., vol. 1, Hud. Riv.
Gr. [Sig. resembling alittle crescent.]
neglecta, is Cuneamya neglecta.
Tellinomya angustata, and T. attenuata
are from the Upper Silurian,
cingulata, Ulrich, 1879, Jour. Cin. Soc.
Nat. Hist., vol. 2, Hud. Riv. Gr.
[Sig. girded.]
iowensis instead of Nucula iowensis.
stella instead of Nucula Stella.
sulcatina instead of Nuculites sulcatinus.
Unio orthonotus is Modiolopsis orthonota.
primigenius is Modiolopsis primigenia.
Vanuxemia, Billings, 1858, Can. Nat. &
Geol., vol. 3. [Ety. proper name.]
This genus may be restored as it is
probably distinct from Cypricardites
though related to it. The species are
V. bayfieldi, V. inconstans, V. dixon-
ensis, V. montrealensis and V. tom-
kinsi.
tomkinsi, Billings, 1860, Can. Jour , vol.
6, Corniferous limestone. [Ety. prop-
er name.]
Yoldia rushensis, McChesney, instead of
Y. gibbosa, McChesney, as the latter
was preoccupied. And Y. knoxensis
instead of Y. polita for like reason.

ANNELIDA.

313

SUBKINGDOM ARTICULATA.'

CLASS ANNELIDA.

Arabellites, Hinde, 1879, Quar. Jour. Geo.
Soc. Lond., vol. 35.
ascialis, Hinde, 1879, Quar. Jour. Geo.
Soc. Lond., vol. 35, Hud. Kiv. Gr.

[Sig. axe shaped.]
cervicornis, Hinde, 1879, Quar. Jour.
Geo. Soc Lond., vol. 35, Hud. Kiv.

Gr. [Sig. deer horned.]
cornutus, Hinde, 1879, Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc. Lond., vol. 35, Hud.. Riv. Gr.

[Sig. horned.]
crenulatus, Hinde, 1879, Quar. Jour.

Geo. Soc. Lond., vol. 35, Hud. Eiv.

Gr. [Sig. crenulated.]
cristatus, Hinde, 1879, Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc. Lond., vol. 35, Hud. Riv. Gr.

[Sig. tufted.]
cuspidatus, Hinde, 1879, Quar Jour. Geo.

Soc. Lond., vol. 35, Hud. Riv. Gr.

[Sig. pointed.]
elegans, Hinde, 1879, Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc. Lond., vol. 35, Clinton Gr. [Sig.

elegant.]
gibbosus. Hinde, 1879, Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc. Lond., vol. 35, Hud. Riv. Gr.

[Sig. gibbous.]
harnatus, Hinde, 1879, Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc. Lond., vol. 35, Hud. Riv. Gr.

[Sig. hooked ]
lunatus, Hinde, 1879, Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc. Lond., vol. 35, Hud Riv. Gr.

[Sig. lunate.]
obliquus, Hinde, 1879, Quar. Jour. Geo

Soc. Lond., vol. 35, Hud. Riv. Gr.

[Sig. oblique.]
ovalis, Hinde, 1879, Quar. Jour. Geo. Soc.

Lond., vol. 35, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig.

oval.]
pectinatus, Hinde, 1879, Quar. Jour.

Geo. Soc. Lond., vol. 35, Hud. Riv.

Gr. [Sig. pectinated.]
quadratus, Hinde, 1879, Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc. Lond., vol. 35, Silurian [Sig.

quadrate.]
rectus, Hinde, 1879, Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc. Lond., vol. 35, Hud. Riv. Gr.

[Sig. straight.]
scutellatus, Hinde, 1879, .Quar. Jour.

Geo. Stfc. Lond., vol. 35, Hud. Riv.

Gr. [Sig. scutellated.]
similis, Hinde, 1879. Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc. Lond., vol. 35, Niagara Gr. [Sig.

similar.]
Conchicolites is regarded by Prof. Hall

as a syn. for Cornulites.
Cornulites clintoni, Hall, 1879, 28th Reg.

Rep., Clinton Group. [Ety proper

name.] This name was proposed in-
stead of C. flexuosus which is preoc-
cupied,when Conchicolites is regarded

as synonymous with Cornulites.
Distacodus, Hinde, 1879, Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc. Lond., vol. 35. [Ety. distazo to

doubt; odous a tooth.] "
incurvus, Pander, 1856, (Machairodus

incurvus,) Monogr. d. foss. Fische. cl.

Silur. syst., Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig in-
curved.]
Drepanodus, Pander, 1856, Monogr. d.

foss. Fische. d. Silur. syst. [Ety. dre-

pane, a sickle; odous tooth.]
arcuatus, Pander, 1856, Monogr. d. foss.

Fische. d. Silur. syst., Hud. Riv. Gr.

[Sig. arcuate.]
Eotrophonia, Ulrich, 1878, Jour. Cin. Soc.

Nat. Hist., vol. 1. Not satisfactorily

defined.
setigera, Ulrich, 1878, Jour. Cin. Soc.

Nat. Hist., vol. 1. Not satisfactorily

defined, and specimen too poor for

definition.
Eunicites, Ehlers, 1868, Palaeontographica

vol. 17. [Ety. from the genus Eunice,

a Nereid; and lithos, stone.]
alveolatus, Hinde, 1879, Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc. Lond., vol. 35, Ham. Gr. [Sig.

hollowed out like a tray.]
chiromorphus, Hinde, 1879, Quar. Jour.

Geo. Soc. Lond. vol. 35, Clinton Gr.

[Sig. hand formed.]
clintonensis, Hinde, 1879, Quar. Jour.

Geo. Soc. Lond., vol. 35, Clinton Gr.

[Ety. proper name. J
compactus, Hinde, 1879, Quar. Jour.

Geo. Soc. Lond., vol. 35, Ham. Gr.

[Sig. compact.]
contortus, Hinde, 1879, Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc. Lond., vol., 35, Hud. Riv. Gr.

[Sig. contorted.]
coronatus, Hinde, 1879, Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc. Lond., vol. 35, Clinton Gr. [Sig.

coronated]
digitatus, Hinde, 1879, Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc. Lond., vol. 35, Hud. Riv. Gr.

[Sig. digitated.]
gracilis, Hinde, 1879, Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc. Lond., vol. 35, Hud. Riv. Gr.

[Sig. slender.]
major, Hinde, 1879, Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc. Lond., vol. 35, Hud. River. Gr.

[Sig. larger.]
nanus, Hinde, 1879, Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc. Lond., vol. 35, Ham. Gr. [Sig.

a dwarf.]

* Note.— I have included here the Conodonts, because there is no good reasorr'why they should be
placed in the Class Pisces.

314

ANNELIDA.

Eunicites palmatus, Hinde, 1879, Quar.

Jour. Geo. Soc. Lond., vol. 35, Ham.

Gr. [Sig. palmate.]
perdentatus, Hinde, 1879, Quar. Jour.

Geo. Soc. Lond., vol. 35, Hud. Riv.

Gr. [Sig. many toothed.]
politus, Hinde, 1879, Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc. Lond., vol. 35, Ham. Gr. [Sig.

polished.]
similis, var. arcuatus, Hinde, 1879, Quar.

Jour. Geo. Soc. Lond., vol. 35, Ham.

Gr. [Sig. arcuate.]
simplex, Hinde, 1879, Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc. Lond., vol. 35, Hud. Riv. Gr.

[Sig. simple.]
tumidus, Hinde, 1879, Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc. Lond., vol. 35, Ham. Gr. [Sig.

tumid.]
Glycerites, Hinde, 1879, Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc. Lond., vol. 35. [Ety. from the

genus Glyceris', and lithos, stone.]
calceolus, Hinde, 1879, Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc. Lond., vol. 35, Niagara Gr. [Sig.

a little shoe.]
sulcatus, Hinde, 1879, Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc. Lond., vol. 35, Hud. Eiv. Gr.

[Sig. furrowed.]
sulcatus, var. excavatus, Hinde, 1879,

Quar. Jour. Geo. Soc. Lond., vol. 35,

Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig. excavated.]
Lumbriconereites, Ehlers, 1868, Palaeon-

tographica, vol. 17. [Ety. from the

genera Lumbricus and Nereis • and

lithos, stone.]
armatus, Hinde, 1879, Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc. Lond., vol. 35, Clinton Gr. [Sig.

armed.]
hasalis, Hinde, 1879, Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc. Lond., vol. 35, Clinton Gr. [Sig.

pertaining to the base.]
dactylodus, Hinde, 1879, Quar. Jour.

Geo. Soc. Lond., vol. 35, Hud. Riv.

Gr. [Sig. finger-toothed.]
triangularis, Hinde, 1879. Quar. Jour.

Geo. Soc. Lond., vol. 35, Clinton Gr.

[Sig. triangular.]
Machairodus, Pander, 1856. This name was

preoccupied. See Distacodus.
incurvus, see Distacodus incurvus.
Moxocraterion, Torell, 1869, Acta univei1-

sitatis lundensis. [Ety monos, one ;

kraterion, a small basin.]
lesleyi, Prime, 1878, Geo. Sur. Pa. DD,

Calciferous (?). Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
Nereidavus, Grinnell, 1877, Am. Jour. Sci.

and Arts, 3d ser.. vol. 14. [Ety. Ne-
reis, a genus; avus, grandfather ]
solitarius, Hinde, 1879, Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc. Lond., vol. 35, Ham. Gr. [Sig.

solitary.]
varians, Grinnell, 1877, Am. Jour. Sci.

and Arts, 3d ser., vol 14, Hud. Riv.

Gr. [Sig. variable.]
Oexites, Hinde, 1879, Quar. Jour. Geo. Soc.

Lond., vol. 35. [Ety. Oenas, a genus ;

lithos, stone.]
amplus, Hinde, 1879, Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc. Lond., vol. 35, Clinton Gr. [Sig.

ample.]
Oenites carinatus, Hinde, 1879, Quar. Jour.

Geo. Soc. Lond., vol. 35, Hud. Riv.

Gr. [Sig. carinated.]
cuneatus, Hinde, 1879, Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc. Lond., vol. 35, Hud. Riv. Gr.

[Sig. wedged.]
curvidens, Hinde, 1879, Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc. Lond., vol. 35, Hud. Riv. Gr.

[Sig. bent toothed.]
fragilis, Hinde, 1879, Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc. Lond., vol. 35, Clinton Gr. [Sig.

fragile.]
inaequalis, Hinde, 1S79, Quar. Jour. Geo-

Soc. Lond., vol. 35, Hud. Riv. Gr-

[Sig. unequal.]
infrequens, Hinde, 1879, Quar. Jour.

Geo. Soc. Lond., vol. 35, Clinton Gr.

[Sig. infrequent.]
rostratus, Hinde, 1879, Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc. Lond., vol. 35, Hud. Riv. Gr.

[Sig. beaked.]
serratus. Hinde, 1879, Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc. Lond., vol. 35, Hud. Riv. Gr.

[Sig. serrated.]
Planolites, Nicholson, 1873, Proc. Roy. Soc.

[Ety. pianos, a wanderer; lithos,

stone.] Syn. for Pateeophycus.

vulgaris, Nicholson, a Palaoophycus.

Polygnathus, Hinde, 1879, Quar. Jour.

Geo. Soc. Lond., vol. 35. [Ety. polys,

many; gnathos, a jaw.]
coronatus, Hinde, 1879, Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc. Lond., vol. 35, Ham. Gr. [Sig.

coronated.]
crassus, Hinde, 1879, Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc. Lond., vol. 35, Ham. Gr. [Sig.

thick.]
cristatus, Hinde, 1879, Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc. Lond., vol. 35, Ham. Gr. [Sig.

tufted.]
curvatus, Hinde, 1879, Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc. Lond., vol. 35, Ham. Gr. [Sig.

curved.]
dubius, Hinde, 1879, Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc. Lond., vol. 35, Ham. Gr. [Sig.

doubtful.]
duplicatus, Hinde, 1879, Quar. Jour.

Geo. Soc. Lond., vol. 35, Ham. Gr.

[Sig. duplicated.]
eriensis. Hinde, 1879, Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc. Lond., vol. 35, Ham. Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
immersus, Hinde, 1879, Quar. Jour.

Geo. Soc. Lond., vol. 35, Ham. Gr.

[Sig immersed.]
linguiformis, Hinde, 1879, Quar. Jour.

Geo. Soc. Lond., vol. 35, Ham. Gr.

[Sig. tongue-shaped.]
nasutus. Hinde, 1879, Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc. Lond., vol. 35, Ham. Gr. [Sig.

nana be.]
palmatus, Hinde, 1879, Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc. Lond., vol. 35, Ham. Gr. [Sig.

palmate.]
pennatus, Hinde, 1879, Quar. Jour. Geo.

ANNELIDA.

315

Soc. Lond., vol. 35, Ham. Gr. [Sig.

winged.]
Polygnathus princeps, Hinde, 1879,

Quar. Jour. Geo. Soc. Lond., vol. 35.

Ham. Gr. [Sig. the chief.]
punctatus, Hinde, 1879, Quar. Jour.

Geo. Soc. Lond., vol. 35, Ham. Gr.

[Sig. punctated ]
radiatus, Hinde, 1879, Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc. Lond., vol. 35, Ham. Gr. [Sig.

radiated.]
serratus, Hinde, 1879, Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc. Lond., vol. 35, Ham. Gr. [Sig.

serrated.]
simplex, Hinde, 1S79, Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc. Lond., vol. 35, Ham. Gr. [Sig.

simple.]
solidus, Hinde, 1879, Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc. Lond., vol. 35, Ham. Gr. [Sig.

solid.]
truncatus, Hinde, 1879, Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc. Lond., vol. 35, Ham. Gr. [Sig.

truncated.]
tuberculatum, Hinde, 1879, Quar. Jour.

Geo. Soc. London, vol. 35, Ham. Gr.

[Sig. tuberculated.]
Prioniodus, Pander, 1856, Monogr. d. foss.

Fiscbe d. Silur. Syst. [Ety. ptionion,

a small saw; odous, a tooth.]
abbreviates, Hinde, 1879, Quar. Jour.

Geo. Soc. Lond., vol. 35, Ham. Gr.

[Sig. abbreviated.]
acicularis, Hinde, 1879, Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc. Lond., vol. 35, Ham. Gr. [Sig.

acicular.]
alatus, Hinde, 1879, Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc. Lond., vol. 35, Ham. Gr. [Sig.

winged.]
angulatus, Hinde, 1879, Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc. Lond., vol. 35, Ham. Gr. [Sig.

angulated.]
armatus, Hinde, 1S79, Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc. Lond., vol. 35, Ham. Gr. [Sig.

armed.]
elegfins. Hinde, 1879, Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc. Lond., vol. 35, Hud. Eiv. Gr.

[Sig. elegant.]
erraticus,. Hinde, 1879, Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc. Loud., vol. 35, Ham. Gr. [Sig.

erratic]
furcatus. Hinde, 1879, Quar. Jour. Geo.

Soc. Lond., vol. 35, Hud. Eiv. Gr.

[Sig. forked.]
panderi, Hinde, 1879, Quar. Jour. Geo.
Soc. Lond., vol. 35, Ham. Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]
politus, Hinde, 1879, Quar. Jour. Geo.
Soc. Lond., vol. 35, Hud. Eiv. Gr.
[Sig. polished.]

Pkixoidus radicans, Hinde, 1879, Quar.
Jour. Geo. Soc. Lond., vol. 35, Hud.
Eiv. Gr. [Sig. rooting.]
spicatus. Hinde, 1879, Quar. Jour. Geo.
Soc. Lond., vol. 35, Ham. Gr. [Sig.
spiked.]
Protoscolex, Ulrich, 1878, Jour. Cin Soc.
Nat Hist., vol. 1. [Ety. protos, first;
skolex, a worm.]
covingtonensis, Ulrich, 1878, Jour. Cin.
Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 1, Utica Slate Gr.
[Ety. proper name.]
ornatus, Ulrich, 1878, Jour. Cin. Soc.
Nat. Hist., vol. 1, Utica Slate Gr.
[Sig. ornate.]
simplex, Ulrich, 1878, Jour. Cin. Soc.
iSat. Hist., vol. 1, Utica Slate Gr.
[Sig. simple.]
tenuis, Ulrich, 1878, Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat.
Hist., vol. 1, Utica Slate Gr. [Sig.
slender.]
Scolithus is doubtless the work of some
kind of a borer,
tuberosus, Miller & Dyer, 1878, Cont.
to Pal. No. 2, Hud. Eiv. Gr. [Sig.
full of humps.]
woodi, Whitfield, 1880, Ann. Eep. Geo.
Sur. Wis., Potsdam Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]
Serpula insita, White, 1878, Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci., CoalMeas. [Sig. inserted.]
Spirorbis anthracosia, Whitfield, 1881,
Am. Jour. Sci. and Arts, 3d ser., vol.
21, Coal Meas.[Sig. pertaining to coal.]
cincinnatensis, Miller & Dyer, 1878,
Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 1,
Hud. Eiv. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
omphalodes, Goldfuss, 1826, Germ. Pe-
tref., Up. Held, and Ham. Gr. [Sig.
like a navel or boss.]
spinuliferus, Nicholson, 1875, Pal. Prov.
Ont., Ham. Gr. [Sig. spine bearing.]
Staurocephalites, Hinde, 1879, Quar.
Jour. Geo. Soc. Lond., vol. 35. [Ety.
stauros, a cross ; kephale, head ; lithos,
stone.]
niagarensis, Hinde, 1879, Quar. Jour.
Geo. Soc. Lond., vol. 35, Niagara Gr.
[Ety. proper name.]
Walcottia, Miller & Dyer, 1878, Jour. Cin.
Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 1. [Ety. proper
name.]
cookana, Miller & Dyer, 1878, Cont. to
Pal. No. 2, Hud. Eiv. Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]
rugosa, Miller & Dyer, 1878, Jour. Cin.
Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 1, Hud. Eiv. Gr.
[Sig. rugose.]

316

CKUSTACEA.

CLASS CRUSTACEA.

Acidaspis fimbriata, Hall, 1879, Desc. New

Spec. Foss. from Niagara Gr. [Sig.

fimbriated.]
parvula, Walcott, 31st Keg. Rep.
Aglaspis eatoni, Whitfield, 1880, Ann. Rep.

Geo. Sur. Wis., Potsdam Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
Agnostus communis, Hall & Whitfield,

1877, U. S. Geo. Expl. 40th parallel,

Potsdam Gr. [Sig. common.]
neon, Hall & Whitfield, 1877, U. S. Geo.

Expl. 40th parallel, Potsdam Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
prolongus, Hall & Whitfield, 1877, U. S.

Geo. Expl. 40th parallel, Potsdam Gr.

[Sig. prolonged.]
tumidosus, Hall & Whitfield, 1877, U. S.

Geo. Expl. 40th parallel, Potsdam Gr.

[Sig. high swelling.]
Agratjlos woosteri, Whitfield, 1878, Ann.

Rep. Geo. Sur. Wis., Potsdam Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
Amphipeltis is from Amphi, on both sides,

instead of doubtful.
Arctinurus, Castelnau, syn. for Lichas.
Arges, signifies bright or shining, instead

of a mythological name.
ARiONELLUSConvexuSjWhitfield, 1878, Ann.

Rep. Geo. Sur. Wis., Potsdam Gr.

[Sig. convex.]
pustulatus, Walcott, 31st Reg. Rep.
Asaphoidichnus, S. A. Miller, 1880, Jour.

Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 2. [Ety.

Asaphus, a genus; eidos, form; ichnos,

dyeri, S. A. Miller, 1880, Jour. Cin. Soc.

Nat. Hist., vol. 2, Utica Slate Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
trifidus, S. A. Miller, 1880, Jour. Cin.

Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 2, Utica Slate

Gr. [Sig. trifid.]
Asaphus caudatus, Green, syn. for Dalman-

ites limulurus. (?)
cordieri, Castelnau, syn. for Dahnanites

limulurus.
crypturus was described by Green in

1834, Trans. Geo. Soc. Penn., vol. 1,

pt. 1.
ditmarsiae, Honeyman, 1879, Proc. Nova

Scotia Inst., vol. 5, Lower Silurian.

[Ety. proper name.]
edwardsi, Castelnau, syn. for Dalmanites

limulurus.
homalonotoides is in 31st Reg. Rep. N.

Y.
murchisoni, Castelnau, syn. lor A. gigas.
nodostriatus, Hall. 1847," Pal. N. Y., vol.

1. Not defined so as to establish a

species,
triangulatus, Whitfield, 1880, Ann. Rep.

Geo. Sur. Wis , Trenton Gr. [Sig.

triangular.]

Atops, Emmons, 1844, Taconic System.
This genus should probably be re-
stored because it is distinct from Tri-
arthrus. There is only one species
defined. Atops trilineatus. It is re-
lated to Conocephalites, and as a ge-
neric name has priority.
Bathyurus pogonipensis, Hall and Whit-
field, 1877, U. S. Geo. Expl. 40th
parallel, Quebec Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]
Beyrichia lithofactor should be defined as
maker Of stone, and so also B. petri-
f actor,
persulcata, Ulrich, 1879, Jour. Cin. Soc.
Nat. Hist. vol. 2, Hud. Riv. Gr. [Sig.
very much furrowed.]
regularis was named from the regular
bars instead of "formed in bars."
Bronteus was defined by Goldfuss in 1839,
in Nova Act. Phys. Med. Csesarea;
Leop-Carol. Nat. Curios, xix., pt. 1,
p. 360.
canadensis, Logan, 1846, Rep. Geo. Sur.
Canada, Low. Held. Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]
flabellifer, Goldfnss, Nova. Acta Acad.
Caes. Leop. Nat. Cur. vol., 19 Up.
Silurian. [Sig a fan bearer.]
laphami, Whitfield, 1878, Ann. Rep. Geo.
Sur. Wis., Niagara Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]
Calymene christyi is from the Hud. Riv. Gr.
conradi, Emmons, 1856, Am. Geol., Lor-
raine Shales or Hud. Riv. Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]
nasuta, Ulrich, 1879, Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat.
Hist vol. 2, Niagara Gr. [Sig. nasute.]
rostrata, Vogdes. 1880, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci., Clinton Gr. [Sig. hooked.]
Ceratiocaris grandis, Pohlman, 1881, Bull.
Buf. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 4, Water-
lime Gr. [Sig. grand]
Ceraurus rarus is in 31st Reg. Rep.
Chariocephalus tumifrons, Hall & Whit-
field, 1877, U. S. Geo. Expl., 40th
parallel, Potsdam Gr. [Sig. having
a tumid front.]
Coxocephalites binodosus instead of C.
binodus.
calciferus, Walcott, 1879. 32 Reg. Rep.,
Calciferous Gr. [Sig. calcifer-
ous.]
calymenoides, Whitfield, 1878. Ann.
Rep. Geo. Sur. Wis., Potsdam Gr.
[Sig. like a Calymene.]
explanatus, Whitfield, 1880, Ann. Rep.
Geo. Sur. Wis., Potsdam Gr. [Sig.
spread out]
harti, Walcott, 1879, 32d Reg. Rep ,
Calciferous Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
laticeps, Hall & Whitfield, 1877, U. S.

CRUSTACEA.

317

Geo. Expl., 40th parallel, Potsdam

dr. [Sig. having a wide head.]
Coxocephalites quadratus, Whitfield, 1880,

Ann. Rep. Geo. Snr. Wis., Potsdam

Gr. [Sig. quadrate.]
subeoronatus, Hall & Whitfield, 1877,

U. S. Geo. Expl., 40th parallel, Que-
bec Gr. [Sig. somewhat coronated.]
Crepicephalcs angolatus, Hall & Whit-
field, 1877, U. S. Geo. Expl., 40th par-
allel, Potsdam Gr. [Sig. angulated.]
anytus, Hall & Whitfield, 1877, U. S.

Geo. Expl., 40th parallel, Potsdam Gr.

[Etv. proper name.]
centralis, Whitfield, 1877, Rep. on Pal.

of the Black Hills, Potsdam Gr. [Sig.

central.]
gibbesi, Whitfield. 1880, Ann. Kep. Geo.

Sur. Wis., Potsdam Gr. [Ety. proper

name.]
granulosus, Hall & Whitfield. 1877, U. S.

Geo. Expl., 40th parallel, Potsdam

Gr. [Sig. granulous.]
haguei, Hall & Whitfield, 1877, U. S.

Geo. Expl., 40th parallel, Potsdam

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
maculosufl, Hall & Whitfield, 1877, U. S.

Geo. Expl., 40th parallel, Potsdam

Gr. [Sig. spotted.]
nitidus. Hall & Whitfield, 1877, U. S.

Geo. Expl.. 40th parallel, Potsdam

Gr. [Sig. neat.]
onustus, Whitfield, 1878, Ann. Rep. Geo.

Sur. Wis., Potsdam Gr. [Sig. full.]
planus, Whitfield, 1877, Rep. on Pal. of

Black Hills, Potsdam Gr. [Sig. plane.]
' quadrans. Hall & Whitfield, 1877, U. S.

Geo. Expl., 40th parallel, Quebec Gr.

[Sig. a quarter.]
simulator. Hall & Whitfield, 1877, U. S.

Geo. Expl.. 40 parallel, Potsdam Gr.

[Sig. an imitator.]
unisulcatus, Hall & Whitfield, 1S77, U. S.

Geo. Expl., 40th parallel. Potsdam Gr.

[Sig. one furrowed.]
Cytherk carbonaria, refer to Leperditia car-

bonaria .
irregularis, S. A. Miller, 1878, Jour. Cin.

Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 1, Hud. Riv. Gr.

[Sig. irregular.] The species does not

belong to this genus.

f'YTHERELEIXA, JoiieS & Hall.

glandella. Whitfield, 1882, Bull. No. 3,

Am. Mus Nat. Hist., Warsaw Gr.

[Sig a small kernel ]
< 'ytheropsis ruffosa, is Primitia rugosa.
Dai.mamtks calliteles, signifies a beautiful

tail,
intermedins is in 31st Heg Rep.
Dkki-i.ocki'hai.ts, see Pterocephalia,

which has priority.
barabuensis, Whitfield, 1878, Ann. Rep.

Geo. Sur. AVis., Low. Magnesian Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
bilobatus, Hall & Whitfield, 1877, U. S.

Geo. Expl., 40th parallel, Potsdam

Gr. [Sig. two lobed.]
eatoni, Whitfield, 1878, Ann. Rep. Geo.

Sur. Wis., Low. Magnesian Gr.
[Ety. proper name. 1
DiCELLOCEPHOLcs flabellifer, Hall & Whit-
field, 1877, U. S. Geo. Expl., 40th par-
allel, Potsdam Gr. [Sig. a fan bearer.]

gothicus, Hall & Whitfield, 1877, U. S.
Geo. Expl., 40th parallel, Potsdam Gr.
[Sig. gothic]

lodensis, Whitfield, 1880, Ann. Rep. Geo.
Sur. Wis., Potsdam Gr. [Ety. proper
name.]

multicinctus, Hall & Whitfield, 1877, U.
S. Geo. Expl., 40th parallel, Potsdam
Gr. [Sig. many girded.]

quadriceps. Hall & Whitfield, 1877, U.
S. Geo. Expl., 40th parallel, Quebec
Gr. [Sig. square headed.]

sancti-sabse, Roemer, 1849, Texas Mit.
naturwissench Anhang. (Pter-
ocephalia sancti-sabae), and 1852,
Kreid von Texas, Potsdam Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]

wahsatchensis, Hall & Whitfield, 1877,
U. S. Geo. Expl., 40th parallel,
Quebec Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Doeichopterus mansfieldi, Hall, 1877,
Trans. Am. Phil. Soc, Lower Coal
Meas. [Ety. proper name.]
Echinocaris, Whitfield, 1880. Am. Jour.
Sci. and Arts, 3d ser., vol. 19. [Ety.
echinos, the sea urchin ; karis, a
shrimp.]

multinodosa, Whitfield, 1880, Am. Jour.
Sci. and Arts, 3d ser., vol. 19, Erie
Shales. [Sig. many noded.J

pustulosa, Whitfield, 1880, Am. Jour.
Sci. and Arts, 3d ser., vol. 19, Erie
Shales, [sig. pustulous.]

subkevis, Whitfield. 1880, Am. Jour.
Sci. and Arts, 3d ser., vol. 19, Erie
Shales. [Sig. somewhat smooth.]
Echinognathus, Walcott, 1882, Am. Jour.
Sci. and Arts, 3d ser., vol. 23. [Ety.
echinos, sea urchin; gnathos, the jaw.]

clevelandi, Walcott, 1882, Am. Jour.
Sci. and Arts, 3d ser., vol. 23, Utica
blate Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Elliptocephala curta is Olenellus cartas, and
K. asaphoides is O. asaphoides. Ole-
nellus is a syn. for Elliptocephala of
Emmons, but the latter name being
preoccupied, Olenellus must be used. J
Excrixurus egani. S. A. Miller, 1880, Jour.
Cin. Soc. Nat., Hist., vol. 2, Niagara
Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

minis. This is not an Encrinurus, but
I am not able to refer it satisfactorily
to any genus.

trentonensis, and E. varicostatus are in
the 31st Reg. Rep.
Enoploura, Wetherby, 1878, Jour. Cin. Soc.
Nat. Hist., vol. 1. Proposed instead
of Anomalocystites upon the ground
that it is a Crustacean instead of a
Cystidean.
Estheria, Ruppell and Straus-Durekheim,
1837, Mus. r-M'nckenberg. vol. 2, p.
119. [Ety. proper name.]

318

CKUSTACEA.

Estheria pulex, Clarke, 1882, Am. Jour.

Sci. and Arts, 3d ser., vol. 23, Ham.

Gr. [Sig. a flea.l
Eurypterus eriensis, Whitfield, 1882, Desc.

New Spec. Foss. from Ohio, Low.

Held. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
pennsylvanicus, Hall, 1877, Trans. Am.

Phil. Soc., Devonian. [Ety. proper

name.]
pulicaris, signifies like a flea.
Eusarcus, Grote and Pitt, 1877, Bull. Buf.

Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 4. [Ety. eu, well

off; sarkos, flesh.]
grandis, Grote and Pitt, 1877, Bull. Buf.

Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 4, Waterlime Gr.

[Sig. grand.]
scorpionis, Grote and Pitt, 1877, Bull.

Buf. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 4,Waterlime

Gr. [Sig. scorpion.]
Helminthoidichnites marinus, is Gordia mar-
ina, Emmons, 1844, Taconic Syst.
Homalonotus atlas, H. giganteus and H.

herculaneus of Castlenau are syn-
onyms for H. delphinocephalus, or

they are not recognized for want of

proper definition.
Ill^nurus convexus, Whitfield, 1878. Ann.

Rep. Geo. Sur. Wis., Low. Mag. Gr.

[Sig. convex.]
Ile^enus indeterminatus is in 31st. Peg.

Pep. N. Y.
niagarensis, Whitfield, 1880, Ann. Rep.

Geo. Sur. Wis., Niagara Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
pterocephalus, Whitfield, 1878, Ann.

Rep. Geo. Sur. Wis., Niagara Gr.

[Sig. winged head.]
Isochilina jonesi, Wetherhy, 1881, Jour.

Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 4, Trenton

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Isotelus canalis is from the Chazy Gr.
megistos was described in the Trans.

Assoc. Am. Geol. and Naturalists.
Leperditia angulifera, Whitfield, 1882,

Desc. New. Spec. Foss. from Ohio,

Low. Held. Gr. [Sig. hearing angles.]
hillingsi, Jones, 1881, Ann. & Mag.

Nat. Hist., 5th ser., vol. 18, Trenton

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
hivertex, Ulrich, 1879, Jour. Cin. Soc.

Nat. Hist., vol. 2, Utica Slate Gr.

[Sig. two headed.]
CEecigena, S. A. Miller, 1881, Jour. Cin.

Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 4, Hud. Riv. Gr.
i [Sig. born blind.]
carbonaria, instead of Cythere carbon-
aria,
crepiformis, Ulrich, 1879, Jour. Cin.

Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 2, Hud. Riv. Gr.

[Sig. boot form.]
radiata, Ulrich, 1879, Jour. Cin. Soc.

Nat. Hist., vol. 2, Utica Slate Gr.

[Sig. radiated.]
unicornis. Ulrich, 1879, Jour. Cin. Soc.

Nat. Hist., vol. 2, Utica Slate Gr.

[Sig. one horned.]
Lichas emarginatus, Hall, 1879, 28th Reg.

Rep., Niagara Gr. [Sig. einargin-

ated.]

Lichas harrisi, S. A. Miller, 1878, Jour. Cin.

Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 1, Hud. Riv. Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
Lisgocaris, Clarke, 1882, Am. Jour. Sci.

and Arts, 3d. ser., vol.23. [Syn. for

Spathiocaris.]
lutheri, Clarke, 1882, Am. Jour. Sci. and

Arts. 3d ser., vol. 23, Ham. Gr., refer

to Spathiocaris lutheri.
Microdiscus lobatus is from the Taconic or

Lower Potsdam, and M. speciosus was

described in 1873.
Ogygia parabola, Hall & Whitfield, 1877,

U. S. Geo. Expl., 40th parallel, Que-
bec Gr. [Sig. a parabola.]
producta. Hall & Whitfield, 1877, U. S.

Geo. Expl., 40th parallel, Quebec Gr.

[Sig. extended.]
Olenellus asaphoides was described in the

Taconic System.
curtus, Whitfield, 1878 (Elliptocephalus

curtus), Ann. Rep. Geo. Sur. Wis ,

Potsdam Gr. [Sig. short.]
PAi^:oPAL.EMON,Whitfiekl, 1880, Am. Jour.

Sci. and Arts, 3d ser., vol. 19. [Ety..

palaios, ancient; Pahemon, a genus.]
newberryi, Whitfield, 1880, Am. Jour.

Sci and Arts., 3d ser., vol. 19, Erie

Shales. [Ety. proper name.]
Phillipsia tennesseensis is from the Kin-

derhook Gr.
tuberculata, Meek & Worthen, 1870,

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Burlington

Gr. [Sig. tuberculated ]
Plumulites was described by Barrande,

1872, Syst. Sil. Boh. Instead of Plum-

ulites, English authors use Turrilepis,

proposed by Woodward in 1865, but

not defined so a6 to be understood,
devonicus, Clarke, 1882, Am. Jour. Sci.

and Arts, 3d ser., vol. 23, Ham. Gr.

[Sig. devonian.]
newberryi. Whitfield, 1882, Desc. New

Spec. Foss. from Ohio, Portage Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
Primitia rugosa instead of Cytheropsis ru-

gosa.
Proetus auriculatus, P. doris and P. swal-

lovi are from the Waverly, Choteau

or Kinderhook Gr.
davenportensis, Barris, 1879, Proc. Dav.

Acad. Sci., Corniferous limestone.

[Ety. proper name.]
denticulatus, Meek, 1877, U. S. Geo.

Expl., 40th parallel, Devonian. [Sig.

denticulated.]
granulatus, Wetherby, 1881, Jour. Cin.

Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 4, Kaskaskia Gr.

[Sig. granulated.]
loganensis, Hall & Whitfield, 1877, U.S.

Geo. Expl., 40th parallel, Waverly

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
parviusculus w*s described in the 13th

Reg. Rep. 1860, from the Hud. Riv.

Gr.
peroccidens, Hall & Whitfield, 1877, U.

S. Geo. Expl., 40th parallel, Waverly

Gr. [ Sig. from the far west.]

PISCES.

319

Protichxites alternans, P. latus, P. line-
atus, P. multinotatus, P. oeto-notatus
and P. septem-notatus are from the
Potsdam Gr.

Pterocephalia Roemer, 1849, Texas, Mit
naturwissench. Anhang. Bonn., and
afterward in 1852, Kreid von Texas.
[Ety. pteron wing: IcephaleheaA;] It
18 identical with Dicellocephalus, and
has priority of definition, and was
illustrated the same year.
sancti-sabaa, Roemer, 1849, Texas. Mit
naturwissench. Anhang., and in 1852,
Kreid von Texas., Potsdam Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]

Pterygotus buffaloensis. Pohlman, 1881,
Bull. Buf. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 4,
Waterlline Gr. [Etv. proper name.]
cummingsi, Grote & Pitt, 1877, Bull
Buf. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 4, Water-
lime Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

Ptychaspis rainuta, Whitfield, 1878, Ann.

Rep. Geo. Sur. Wis., Potsdam Gr.

[Sig. minute.]

pustulosa, Hall & Whitfield, 1877, U. S.

Geo. Expl.. 40th Parallel, Potsdim

/ Gr. [Sig. pustulous.]

speciosa, Walcott, 1879, 32d Reg. Rep.

[Sig beautiful.]
striata, Whitfield, 1878, Ann. Rep. Geo.
Sur; Wis., Potsdam, Gr. [Sig.
striated.]

Rhachura, Scudder, 1878, Proc. Bost. Soc.

Nat. Hist. [Ety. rachis, a ridge ; oura,
tail.]
Rhachura venosa, Scudder, 1878, Proc.
Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.. Coal Meas. [Sig.
full of veins.]
Rusichxites carbonarius, Dawson, 1868,
Acadian Geology, Carboniferous. [Sig.
pertaining to Carbon.]
grenvillensis, Dawson, Chazy Gr. [Ety.
proper name.]
Solexopleura nana, Ford, 1878, Am. Jour.
Sci. and Arts. 3d ser., vol. 15, Pots-
dam Gr. [Sig. a dwarf.]
Spathiocaris, Clarke, 1882, Am. Jour. Sci.
and Arts, 3d ser., vol. 23. [Ety.
spathe, a spathe; karis, a shrimp.]
emersoni, Clarke, 1882, Am. Jour. Sci.
and Arts, 3d ser., vol. 23, Portage
Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
lutheri instead of Lisgocaris lutheri.
Triarthrus becki is from the Utica Slate
Gr.
fischeri, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., Que-
bec Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
glaber, Billings, 1859, Can. Nat. and
Geol., vol. 4, Utica Slate Gr. [Sig.
smooth.]
spinosus is from the Utica Slate Gr.
tvilineatus should be referred to Atops
trilineatus.
Trixucleus bellulus, Ulrich, 1878, Jour.
Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 1, is from
the Utica Slate, and 6eems to be the
young of T. concentricus.

CLASS ARACHNIDA.

Eoscorpius was published in vol. 46, Am. Jour. Sci. and Arts.

CLASS MYRIAPODA.

Euphoberia was published in vol. 46, Am. Jour. Sci. and Arts.

CLASS INSECTA.

Archimylacris mantis is a typographical

or accidental mistake, and the name

should be stricken out.
Ephemerites primordialis. Scudder, 1878.

Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., Coal

Meas. [Sig. primordial.]

Termes, Linnaeus, 1748, Systema Naturae,
p. 610, and older authors. [Ety .termes,
a worm that eats wood]
contusus, Scudder, 1878, Proc. Bost. Soc.
Nat. Hist.. Coal Meas. [Sig. broken
or bruised]

CLASS PISCES.

Acoxdylacaxthus (?) mudgianus, St.
John & Worthen (In press), Geo Sur.
111., vol. 7. Up. Coal Meas. [Ety.
proper name.]
nuperus. St John & Worthen (In press),
Geo. Sur 111., vol. 7, Up. Coal Meas.
[Sig. new.]

Acoxdylacaxthus rectus, St. John <fc
Worthen (In press), Geo. Sur. 111.,
vol. 7, Up. Coal Meas. [Sig. straight.]
xiphias, St. John & Worthen (In press),
Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 7, Keokuk Gr.
[Sig. a sword fish.]

Amacaxthus can not be derived from ana-

320

PISCES.

kanthos, and its etymology is not ap.-

parent unless it is from arna, together ;

and kanthos, the felly of a wheel.
Asteroptychtus tenellus, St. John &

Worthen (In press), Geo. Sur. 111.,

vol. 7, Up. Coal Meas. [Sig. young,

delicate.]
Batacanthus (?) necis, St. John & Worth-
en (In press), Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 7,

Keokuk Gr. [Sig. death]
Gatopterus macrurus is from the Triassie,

and the specific name signifies long

tailed.
Chitonodus, St. John & Worthen fin

press), Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 7. [Ety.

chiton, a smock or coat ; odous. a tooth.]
antiquus, St. John & Worthen (In press).

Geo. Sur 111., vol. 7, Low. Burlington

Gr. [Sig. ancient]
latus, Leidy. 1856 (Cochliodus latus),

Trans. Am. Phil. Soc, vol. 11, p. 87.

PI. 5, fig. 17, Keokuk Gr. [Sig.

wide.]
liratus. St. John & Worthen (In press),

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 7, St. Louis Gr.

[Sig. furrowed ]
rugosus instead of Poecilodus rugosus,

P. ornatus and P. convolutns.
springeri, St. John & Worthen (In press),

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 7, Up. Burlington

Gr. [Ety. proper name. J
tribulis, St. John & Worthen (In press),

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 7, Keokuk Gr.

[Sig one of the same tribe.]
Cladodus occidentalis, Leidy, 1859, Proc.

Acad Nat Sci., Up. Coal Meas.

[Sig. western.]
Cochliodus is derived from kochlias, any-
thing spird; odous, a tooth.
crassus, Newberry & Worthen, is a syn.

for Sancfalodus lasvissimus.
latus. refer to Chitonodus latus.
nitidus, Leidy. 1856, refer to Delto-

ptychius nitidus.
nobilis, Newberry & Worthen, syn. for

Chitonodus latus.
obliquus, St. John & Worthen (In press),

Geo. Sur. Ill , vol. 7, St. Louis Gr.

[Sig. oblique ]
occidentalis, Leidy, 1856. refer to Del-

todus occidentalis.
validus, St. John & Worthen i In press),

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 7, Kaskaskia Gr.

[Sig. strong, stout]
vanhornii, St. John & Worthen (In

press), Geo Sur. 111., vol. 7, St. Louis

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Copodus pusillus, St. John & Worthen (In

press), Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 7, Kaskas-
kia Gr. [Sig. very small.]
vanhornii, St John & Worthen (In press),

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 7, St. Louis Gr.

[Ety proper name.]
Ctenacanthus buttersi, St. John & Worth-
en (In press), Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 7.

[Ety. proper n me.]
cannaliratus, St. John & Worthen (In

press), Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 7, Kaskas-
kia Gr. [Sig. reed furrowed.]
Ctenacanthus costatus, refer to Eunema-

canthus costatus.
coxanus. St. John & Worthen (In press),

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 7, Keokuk Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
deflexus, St. John & Worthen (In press),

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 7, St. Louis Gr.

[Sig. deflexed ]
harrisoni, St. John & Worthen (In press),

Geo. Sur 111., vol. 7, St. Louis Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
pellensis, St. John & Worthen (In press),

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 7, St. Louis Gr.

[Ety. proper name.]
Ctenodus dialophus, Cope, 1878. Pal.

Bull. No. 29, Permian. [Sig through

the neck.]
fossatus, Cope, 1S77, Proc. Am. Phil.

Soc, Permian. [Sig. dug out..]
gurleianus. Cope, 1877. Proc. Am. Phil.

Soc, Permian. [Ety. proper name.]
periprion. Cope. 1878, Pal Bull. No. 29,

Permian. [Sig. a round saw]
porrectus, Cope, 1878. Pal. Bull. No. 29,

Permian. [Sig. prolonged.]
pusillus, Cope, 1877, Pal. Bull. No. 26,

Permian [Sig. very small.]
Ctenoptychtus digit 'tus. Leidy, 1856,

Trans. Am. Phil. Soc , vol. 11, St.

Louis Gr. [Sig digitated.]
semicircularis, refer to Peripristis senii-

circularis.
Deltodopsis, St. John & Worthen (In

press), Geo. Sur. Ill , vol. 7. [Ety.

from the resemblance to the genus

Beltodus.]
afflnis, St. John & Worthen (In press),

Geo. S"r. 111., vol. 7, Warsaw Gr.

[Sig. near to.]
angusta, Newberry & Worthen, instead

of Deltodus angustus.
bialveata, St. John & Worthen (In

press), Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 7. Up.

Burlington Gr [Sig. twice hollowed

out.]
convexa, St. John & Worthen (In

press), Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 7, Up.

Burlington and Keokuk Gr. [Sig.

convex.]
convoluta, St. John & Worthen (In

press), Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 7. Up.

Burlington Gr. [Sig. convoluted.]
exornata, St. John & Worthen (In

press), Geo Sur. 111., vol. 7, Warsaw

Gr. [Sig. adorned.]
keokuk, St. John & Worthen (In press),

Geo. Sur 111., vol. 7, Keokuk Gr.

[Ety. proper name ]
stludovici, St. John & Worthen (In

press), Geo. Sur. III., vol. 7, St. Louis

Gr. [Ety. proper name ]
Deltodus alatus, Newberry & Worthen,

syn. for Chitonodus latus.
angularis. Newberry & Worthen, syn.

for Orthopleurodus carbonarius.
angustus, refer to Deltodopsis angusta.

PISCES.

321

Deltodus cinctulus, St. John & Worthen

(In press), Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 7, War-

saw Gr. [Sig. small girt]
fasciatus, refer to Taeniodus fasciatus.
intermedius, St. John & Worthen (In

press), Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 7, St. Louis

Gr. [Sig. intermediate.]
latior, St. John & Worthen (In press),

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 7, Keokuk Gr.

[Sig. to be concealed.]
occidentalis. Leidy, 1856 (Cochliodus

occidentals), Trans. Am. Phil. Soc.

vol. 11. Warsaw and Keokuk Gr.

[Sig. western.]
parvus, St. John & Worthen (In press),

Geo. Suit. 111., vol. 7, St. Louis Gr.

[Sig. small.]
powelli, St. John & Worthen (In press),

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 7, Up. Garb.

[Ety. proper name ]
propinquus, St. John & Worthen (In

press), Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 7, Coal

lieu [Sig. near.]
rhomboideu*, Newberry & Worthen, is a

syn. for Sandalodus spatulatus.
stellatus, Newberry & Worthen, syn.

for D. occidentalis.
trilohus, St. John & Worthen (In press),

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 7, Warsaw Gr.

[Sig. three lobed.]
Deltoptychius expansus, St. John &

Worthen (In press), Geo. Sur. 111..

, vol. 7, St. Louis Gr. [Sig. expanded ]

nitidus, Leidy, 1856 (Cochliodus nitidus),

Trans. Am. Phil. Soc, vol. 11, Kas-

kaskiiGr. [Sig. neat.]
primus, St. John & Worthen (In press).

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 7, Up. Burling-
ton Gr. [Sig. first.]
varsoviensis, St. John & Worthen (In

press), Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 7, War-
saw Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
wachsmuthi. St John & Worthen (In

press), Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 7, Keokuk

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
Diplodus penetrans is from the Can. Nat.

& Geol., vol. 5.
Ectosteorhachis, Cope, 1880. Pal. Bull.

No. 32. [Ety. ektos, without; rachis,

a ridge.]
nitidus. Cope, 1880. Pal. Bull. No. 32,

Permian. [Sig neat.]
Euxemacaxthus. St. John & Worthen (In

press), Geo Sur. 111., vol. 7. [Ety.

eu, well; nema, a line; akantha, a

spine.]
costatus, Newberry & Worthen, in-
stead of Ctenacanthus costatus.
Glymmatacaxthus petrodoides, St. John

& Worthen (In press). Geo. Sur. 111.,

vol. 7, Kaskaskia Gr. [Sig. like

Petrodus.]
rudis, St. John & Worthen (In press),

Geo. Sur. Ill , vol. 7, Keokuk Gr.

[Sig. a slender stick.]
GYRACAxruus cordatus, St. John &

Worthen (In press), Geo. Sur. 111.,

vol. 7, Keokuk Gr. [Sig. judicious.]

Helodus consolidates, Newberry & Worth-
en, syn. for Chitonodus la us.
gibbus, Leidy, 1856, Trans. Am.

Phil. Soc, vol. 11, Keokuk Gr. [Sig.

gibbous. 1
placenta, refer to Psephodus placenta.
Janassa. Minster, 1*39, Beitrage zur

Petrefakten-kunde, vol. 1. and in

Ag. Poiss. Foss.. vol. 3, p. 375. [Ety.

mythological name.]
gurleiana, Cope. 1877 (Strigilina gurlei-

ana) Proc Am. Phil. Soc, Permian.

[Ety. proper name.]
Leptophkactus was accidentally printed in

this class, but it also appeared cor-
rectly among the Reptilia.
Oracaxthus consimilis, St. John & Worth-
en, syn. for O. vet'istus.
rectus, St. John & Worthen (In press),

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 7, Kaskaskia Gr.

[sig. straight.]
vetustus, Leidy. 1856, Jour. Acad. Nat.

Sci., Coal Meas. [Sig. ancient.]
Orthacanthus quadriseriatus, Cope, 1877,

Pal. Bull., No. 26, Permian. [Sig.

having four series.]
Orthopleurodus, St. John & Worthen (In

press), Geo Sur. 111., vol. 7. [Ety.

orthos, straight; pleura, side; odous,

a tooth.]
carbonarius, Newberry & Worthen, in-
stead of Sandalodus carbonarius.
convexus, St John & Worthen (In

press), Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 7, Coal

Meas. [Sig. convex.]
novomexicanus, St. John & Worthen (In

press), Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 7, Low.

Carb. [Ety. proper name.]
Paljeobatis. Leidy. 1856, Trans. Am. Phil.

Soc, vol 11. [Ety. palaios, ancient;

batis, a prickly kind of roach or ray.]
insignis, Leidy, 1856 Trans. Am. Phil.

Soc, vol. 11, Keokuk Gr. [Sig.

marked ]
Pal^oxiscus alberti, refer to Rhadinichthys

alberti.
cairnsi, refer to Rhadinichthys cairnsi.
jacksoni, Dawson, 1877. Can. Nat. Quar.

Jour Sci., vol. 8, Carboniferous. [Ety.

proper name ]
modulus, see Rhadinichthys modulus.
Peripristis Agassiz, 1870, Proc. Am.

Phil. Soc , vol. 11. [Ety peri, around ;

pristis, a saw.]
semicircularis, Newberry & Worthen,

1S66 (Ctenoptichius semicircularis),

Geo. of III., vol. 2, Coal Meas. [Sig.

semicircular.]
Petalodus distructor is a syn. for P. al-

leghaniensis.
Petaloriiyxchus being neuter the specific

names should be made to correspond.
Physoxemus falcatns, St. John & Worthen

(In press), Geo. Sur., 111., vol. 7, St.

Louis Gr [Sig. scythe shaped.]
PxiCxEacaxthus trigona is, St. John &

Worthen (In press), Geo. Sur. 111.,

vol. 7, St. Louis Gr. [Sig. trigonal.]

:m

PISCES.

Pcecilodus carbonarius, St. John & Worth-
en (In press), Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 7,

Coal Meas. [Sig. pertaining to coal.]
cestriensis, St. John & Worthen (In

press), Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 7, Kaskas-

kia Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
convolutus, Newberry & Worthen, is a

syn. for Chitonodus rugosus.
ornatus, Newberry & Worthen, syn. for

Chitonodus rugosus.
springeri, St. John & Worthen In press),

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 7, Low. Carb.

[Ety. proper name.]
stludovici, St John & Worthen (In

press), Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 7, St.

Louis Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
varsoviensis, St. John & Worthen (In

press), Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 7, Warsaw

Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
wortheni, St. John (In press), Geo Sur.

111., vol. 7, Kaskaskia Gr. [Ety.

proper name.]
Psammodus caelatus, St. John & Worthen

(In press), Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 7. St.

Louis Gr. [Sig. sculptured.)
crassidens, St. John & Worthen (In

press), Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 7, St. Louis

Gr. [Sig. thick tooth.]
glyptus, St. Johi & Worthen (In press),

Geo. Sur.- 111., vol. 7, Up. Burlington

Gr. [Sig. sculptured.]
grandis, St. John & Worthen (In press)

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 7, Keokuk Gr.

[Sig. large.]
lovianus, St. John & Worthen (In

press), Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 7, Burling-
ton Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
plenus, St. John & Worthen (In press),

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 7, St. Louis Gr.

[Sig. large]
rhomboideus, Newberry & Worthen, syn.

for Sandaloclus Isevissimus.
semicylindricus, Newberry & Worthen,

syn. for Sandalodus laevissimus.
springeri, St. John & Worthen (In

press). Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 7, Up Bur-
lington Gr. [Ety. proper name.]
tumidus, St. John & Worthen (In

press), Geo. Sur 111 , vol 7, Up.

Burlington Gr. [Sig. tumid.]
turgidus, St. John & Worthen (In press),

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 7, Keokuk Gr.

[Sig. inflated.]
Psephodus latus, St. John & Worthen 'In

press) Geo Sur. 111., vol. 7, St. Louis

Gr. [Sig. wide.]
lunulatus, St. John & Worthen (In press),

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 7. Kaskaskia Gr.

[Sig. resembling a small crescent.]
obliquus. St. John& Worthen (In press),

Geo. Sur. 111., vol 7, Kinderhook Gr.

[Sig. oblique ]
placenta. Newberry & Worthen, instead

of Helodus placenta,
symmetricus, St. John & Worthen (In

press), Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 7, Kinder-
hook Gr. [Sig. symmetrical.]
PrERiCHTHYS canadensis, Whiteaves, 1880,

Am. Jour. Sci. & Arts, 3d ser., vol.
20, Devonian. [Ety. proper name.]
Ptekichthys norwoodensis is a syn. for

Macropetalichthys rapheidolabis.
Ptyoxodus, Cope, 1877, Proc. Am. Phil.
Soc. [Ety. ptyon, a fan; odous, a
tooth.]
paucicristatus, Cope, 1877, Proc. Am.
Phil. Soc., Permian. [Sig. few
crested.]
vinslovi. Cope, 1876. Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phil., Permian. [Ety. proper
name. I
Rhadinichthys, Traquair, 1877, Quar.
Jour. Geo. Soc. Lond.. vol. 33, p. 548.
[Ety. rhadinos, slender; ichthys. a
fish.]
alberti instead of Palaeoniscus alberti.
cairnsi instead of Palaeoniscus cairnsi.
modulus, Dawson, 1877 (Palaeoniscus
modulus), Can. Nat. and Quar. Jour.
Sci., vol. 8, Carboniferous. [Sig. a
small measure ]
Rhynchodus excavatus, Newberry, 1877,
Geo. of Wis., Ham. Gr. [Sig. excava-
ted. 1
Sandalodus complanatus, Newberry &
Worthen, instead of Deltodus com-
planatus.
crassus, Newberry. & Worthen, is a syn.

for S. spatulatus.
grandis, Newberry & Worthen, is a syn.
for S. laevissimus.
Sicarlus extinctus, Leidy, 1855, Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci., vol. 7, not satisfactorily de-
fined.
Stenacanthus nitidus was defined in 1856,
in the Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. 3,
and is from the Catskill Gr.
Stenopterodus, St. John & Worthen (In
press), Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 7. [Ety.
stenos, narrow ; pteron, a wing; odous,
tooth ]
e'ongatus, St. John & Worthen (In
press). Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 7, Warsaw
Gr. [Sig elongated.]
parvulus instead of Sandalodus parvulus.
planus, St. John & Worthen (In press),
Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 7, Up. Burlington
Gr. [Sig. fiat.]
Strigilina gurleiana, refer to Janassa gur-

Ieiana.
T.exiodus, DeKoninck, MSS., and in press
in Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 7. [Ety. tceiiia,
a ribbon; odous, a tooth.]
fasciatus instead of Deltodus fasciatus.
obliquus, St. John & Worthen (In
press), Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 7, Kas-
kaskia Gr. [Sig. oblique.]
regularis, St. John & Worthen (In press),
Geo. Sur. Ill , vol. 7, Warsaw Gr.
[Sig. regular.]
Tomodus limitaris, St. John & Worthen
(In press), Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 7,
Up. Burlington Gr. [Sig. that is on
the border.]
Trigonodus major. Newberry & Worthen,
is a syn. for Sandalodus complanatus.

KEPT ILIA.

323

Vaticinodus, St. John & Worthen (In
press), Geo. Sur 111., vol. 7. [Ety.
vatkinus, prophetical; odoits, a tooth.]

earbonarius, St. John & Worthen (In
press), Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 7, Coal
Meas. [Sig. pertaining to coal.]

discrepans, St. John & Worthen (In
press), Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 7, Up. Bur-
lington Gr. [Sig. varying.]

lepis, St. John & Worthen (In press),
Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 7, Up. Coal Meas.
[Sig. a scale.] .

similis, St. John & Worthen (In press),
Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 7, Kaskaskia Gr.
[Sig. similar]

simplex, St. John & Worthen (In press),
Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 7, St. Louis Gr.
[Sig. simple.]

vetustus, St. John & Worthen (In press),

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 7, Kinderhook Gr.

[Sig. ancient.]
Xystrodus and X. occidentalis were de-
fined in 1870, in Proc. Am. Phil. Soc,

vol. 11.
bellulus, St. John & Worthen (In press),

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 7, Coal Meas.

[Sig. elegant.]
imitatus, St. John & Worthen (In press),

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 7, St. Louis Gr.

[Sig. imitating.]
inconditus, St. John & Worthen (In

press), Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 7, Keokuk

Gr. [Sig. irregular.]
simplex, St. John & Worthen (In press),

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 7, Up. Burlington

Gr. [Sig. simple.]
verus, St. John & Worthen (In press),

Geo. Sur. 111., vol. 7, Kaskaskia Gr.

[Sig. genuine.]

CLASS REPTILIA.

Acheloma, Cope, 1882, Pal. Bull. Xo. 35.

[Ety. achos, trouble ; loma, the border.]
cumminsi, Cope, 1882, Pal. Bull. Xo. 35.

Permian. [Ety. proper name.]
Axisodexis, Cope, 1882, Pal. Bull. Xo. 35,

[Ety. anisos, unequal; dexios, on the

right. 1
imbricarius. Cope, 1882, Pal. Bull. Xo.

35, Permian. [Sig. having imbrica-
tions.]
Arch.eobelus, Cope, 1877, Proc. Am. Phil.

Soc. [Ety. archaios, ancient ; belos, the

house itself.]
vellicatus. Cope, 1877, Proc. Am. Phil.

Soc, Permian. [Sig. vellicated.]
Bapiietes and B. planiceps were defined in

Jour. Geo. Soc. Lond., vol. 10.
Bolosaurus. Cope, 1878, Pal. Bull. No. 29.

[VayJioIiis, the casting of teeth : sauros,

a sea fish.]
rapidens. Cope, 1878. Pal. Bull. Xo. 29,

Permian.- [Sig. rapid.]
Striatals, Cope, 1878. Pal. Bull. Xo. 29,

Permian. [Sig. striated.]
Clepsydrops. Cope. 1876, Proc. Acad. Xat.

Sci. [Ety. klepsydra, an hour glass ;

opt, view.]
eolletti, Cope, 1876, Proc. Acad. Xat.

Sci., Permian. [Ety. proper name ]
gigas refer to Dimetrodon gigas.
llmbatus, Cope, 1877, Proc. Am. Phil.

Soc, Permian. [Sig. bordered.]
natalis. Cope, 1878, Pal. Bull. Xo. 29,

Permian. [Sig. natal.]
peduneulatus, Cope, 1876, Proc Aoad.

Xat. Sci., Permian. [Sicr. peduncula-
ted.]
vinslovi, Cope, 1877, Proc. Am. Phil.

Soc, Permian. [Ety. proper name]
Clepsysaurcs pennsylvanicus is from the

Trias>,ic

Cricotus, Cope. 1876, Proc. Acad. Xat. Sci.

[Ety. krikotos, ringed.]
• discophorus, Cope, 1877, Pal. Bull. No 26,

Permian. [Sig. a dish benrer.J
gibsoni, Cope, 1877, Pal. Bull. Xo. 26,

Permian. [Ety. proper name. J
heteroclitus, Cope, 1876. Proc Acad.

Xat. Sci., Permian. [Sig. anomalous.]
Dexdrerpetox obtusum. Cope, 1868, Proc.

Acad. Xat. Sci., Coal Meas. [Sig.

obtuse.]
Diadectes, Cope, 1878, Pal. Bull. Xo. 29.

[Ety. dia, through; dektes, a biter.]
latibuccatus, see Empedocles latibucca-

tus.
molaris, see Empedocles molaris.
phaseolinus, Cope, 1880, Pal. Bull. Xo.

32, Permian. [Sig. resembling a

bean.]
sideropelicus. Cope, 1878, Pal. Bull. Xo.

29, Permian. [Sig. having great

strength.]
Dimetrodon, Cope. 1878, Pal. Bull. Xo. 29.

[Ety. dimeAros, of two measures ;

odous, tooth.]
cruciger, Cope, 1878, Am. Xat., Permi-
an. [Sig cross bearer.]

gigas. Cope, 1878 (Clepsydrops gigas),

Am. Xat., Permian. [Sig. large.]
incisivus. Cope, 1878, Pal. Bull. Xo. 29,

Permian. [Sig. having the quality of

cutting or biting.]
rectiformis, Cope, 1878, Pal. Bull. Xo.

29, Permian. [Sig. straight formed.]
semiradicatus, Cope, 1881, Bull. U. S.

Geo.Sur. Terr., vol. 6. No. 1, Permian.

[Sig. half radicated.]
Diplocaulus, Cope. 1877, Pal. Bull. No.

26. [Ety. diploos, double ; kaulos,

shaft.]

BEPTILIA.

Diplocaulus magnicomis, Cope, 1882, Pal.
Bull. No. 35, Permian. [Sig. large
horned.]
salamandroides, Cope, 1877, Pall. Bull.
No. 26, Permian. [Sig. like a sala-
mander.]
Ectocyxodox, Cope, 1878, Pal. Bull. No
29. [Ety. ektos, far from; kunos, dog;
odous, tooth.]
aguti. Cope, 1882, Pal. Bull. No. 35, Per-
mian. [Ety. proper name.]
ordinatus, Cope, 1878, Pal. Bull. No. 29,
Permian. [Sig. ordinated.J
Edaphosaurus, Cope, 1882, Pal. Bull. No.
35. [Ety.edaphos, a foundation; sau-
ros, a sea fish.]
pogonias, Cope, 1882, Pal. Bull. No. 35,
Permian. [Sig. bearded.]
Embolophorus, Cope, 1878, Pal. Bull. No.
29. [Ety. embolos, anything running
to a point; phoros, bearing.]
fritillus, Cope, 1878, Pal. Bull. No. 29,
Permian [Sig. a dice box.]
Empedocees, Cope, 1878, Pal. Bull. No. 29.
[Ety. proper name.]
alatus, Cope, 1878, Pal. Bull. No. 29.

Permian. [Sig. winged.]
Solaris, Cope, 1880, Pal. Bull., No. 32,

Permian. [Sig. a grinder.]
latibuccatus, Cope. 1878 (Diadectes
latibuccatus), Pal. Bull. No. 29,
Permian. [Sig. side cheeked.]
Epicordylus, Cope, 1878, Pal Bull. No.
29. [Ety. epi, upon; kordylos, a
water lizard.]
erythroliticus. Cope. 1878, Pal. Bull.
No. 29, Permian. [Sig. red stone.]
Eryops, Cope, 1877, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc.
[Ety. eryos, a shoot; ope, view.]
megacephalus. Cope, 1877, Proc. Am.
Phil. Soc, Permian. [Sig. large
headed.]
reticulatus, Cope, 1881, Am. Naturalist, p.
1020, Permian. [Sig. reticulated.]
Helodectes, Cope, 1880, Pal. Bull. No. 32.
[Ety. helos, a nail; dectes, a biter ]
isaaci. Cope, 1880, Pal. Bull. No. 32,

Permian. [Ety. proper name.]
paridens. Cope, 1880, Pal. Bull. No. 32,
Permian [Sig. equal toothed.]
Hyloxomus wymani instead of H. hymani.
Ichthycanthus, Cope, 1877, Pal. Bull No.
24, and Proc. Am. Phil. Soc. [Ety.
ichthys, a fish ; kanthos, the corner of
the eye.]
ohioensis, Cope, 1877. Proc. Am. Phil
Soc, Coal Meas. [Ety. proper name]
platypus, Cope. 1877. Proc Am. Phil.
Soc, Coal Meas. [Ety. broad footed.]
Leptophractus lineolatus, Cope, 1877,
Proc. Am. Phil. Soc, Coal Meas.
[Sig. fine lined.]
Lysorophus, Cope, 1877, Pal. Bull. No. 26.
[Ety. lysis, setting free; rophos,
supped up.]
tricarinatus, Cope, 1877, Pal. Bull. No.
26, Permian. [Sig. three oarinated.]

Metarmosaurus. Cope. 1878, Pal. Bull'
No. 29, p. 516.
fossatus, Cope, 1878, Pal. Bull. No. 29,
Permian. [Sig. dug. out.]
Ophiacodox, Marsh, 1878, Am. Jour. Sci.
and Arts, 3d. ser., vol. 15. [Ety;
ophiakos, belonging to serpents ; odous,
tooth.]
grandis, Marsh, 1878. Am. Jour. Sci. and
Arts, 3d. ser., vol. 15, Permian. [Sig.'
grand.]
niirus, Marsh, 1878. Am. Jour. Sci. and
Arts, 3d ser., vol. 15, Permian. [Sig.
wonderful ]
Paxtylus, Cope, 1881, Bull. U. S. Geo.
Sur. Terr. vol. 6, No. 1. [Ety. pan, all ;
tylos a knob. ]
cordatus, Cope, 1881, Bull. U. S. Geo. Sur.
Terr. vol. 6, No. 1, Permian. [Sig,
cordated.]
Pariotichus, Cope, 1878, Pal. Bull. No. 29,
[Ety .parios, parian ; tychos,a hammer.]
brachyops, Cope, 1878, Pal. Bull. No. 29,
Permian. [Sig. short sighted.]
Parioxys, Cope. 1878, Pal. Bull. No. 29.
[Ety. para, beside; oxi/s, sharp.]
ferricolus, Cope, 1878, Pal Bull. No. 29,
Permian. [Sig. iron distaff.]
Rhachitomus, Cope, 1878, Pal. Bull. No.
29. [Ety. rachis, bridge; tomos, sharp.]
valens, Cope, 1878, Pal. Bull. No. 29,
Permian. [Sig. vigorous.]
Sauropleura longipes, Cope, 1874, Trans.
Am. Phil. Soc, vol. 13, Coal Meas.
[Sig. long footed.]
Sphexacodox, Marsh, 1878, Am. Jour. Sci.
and Arts, 3d. ser., vol. 15. [Ety. sphen,
a wedge ; akis, a barb; odous, tooth.]
ferox, Marsh, 1878, Am. Jour. Sci. and
Arts, 3d. ser., vol. 15, Permian. [Sig.
fierce. 1
Theropleura, Cope, 1878, Pal. Bull. No.
29. . [Etv. theros, summer; pleura, a
rib.]
obtusidens, Cope, 1880, Pal. Bull. No. 32,
Permian. [Sig. having obtuse teeth.]
retroversa, Cope, 1878.. Pal Bull. No.

29, Permian. [Sig. turned back.]
triangulati, Cope, 1878. Pal. Bull. No.

29, Permian. [Sig. triangular.]
uniformis Cope, 1878, Pal. Bull. No.
29, Permian. [Sig. uniform.]
Trimerorhachis. Cope, 1878, Pal Bull.,
No. 29, Permian. [Ety. trhneres, tri-
partite; rachis. a ridge.]
insignis, «0pe. 1878, Pal. Bull. No. 29,
Permian. [Sig. marked.]
Tuditaxus mordax is a syn. for Ceraterpe-
ton punctolineatnni.
tabulatus. Cope, 1877, Proc. Am. Phil.
Soc, Coal Meas [Sig. tabulated.]
Zatrachys, Cope, 1878. Pal. Bull. No. 29.
[Ety. ea, an intensive ; traehys, rough.]
apicalis. Cope. 1881, Am. Naturalist, p.

1020, Permian. [Sig. apical.]
serratus, Cope, 1878, Pal. Bull., No. 29,
Permian. [Sig. serrated.]

OMISSION.

Poteriocrinus xetti.erothaxcs, S. A. Miller, 1882, Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist.
vol. 5, Up. Held. Gr. [Ety. proper name.]

The author has been informed that Mr. J. M. Clarke has described a new genus
and three new species of Phillocaridae, which will probably appear in the Am. Jour.
Sci. & Arts, for February, 1833, viz: Dipterocaris pescervae, D. pennidsedali, and
D. procne— all from the Chemung.

Prof. E. YV. Claypole says there is little or no classic ground for printing ce in the
beginning of the second part of a compound word, such as ruycestriatus. It should be
rwjistriatus. An exception occurs when the first part of the word is merely a prefix,
as in sitbcequalis. That nebraskensis should be written instead of nebrascensis , as there
is no ground for using the c instead of k. And that the generic name Chariocephalus
should be written Charitocephalus.

Mr. Henry Nettleroth has described, under the title of ,: Fossil Mollusca of
Kentucky," for vol. 1 of that State, which is now in press, Aviculopecten cancellatus,
A. concentricus, Paracyclas octerlonyi, Tellinomya striata, Modiomorpha charlestown-
ensis, Millerella (n. gen.) jonesi, Spirifera euruteines, var. erecta, S. euruteines, var.
elongata, S. byrnesi, S. hobbsi, S. davisi, S. mcconathyi, Rhynchonella gainesi, Eu-
omplialus protteri, Cyclonema clarki, Cyrtoceras hydraulicum, Murchisonia tubercu-
ata, Platyceras nodulosum, P. elongatum, P. compressnm, and Orthis goodwini, from
the Devonian formation; and Spirifera knotti, Pentamerella schwartzi, Rhynchonella
compressa, Pentamerus foggi, P. trigonalis, P. louisvillensis, and Stricklandia louis-
villensis, from the Niagara Group; and Cypricardites halli, from the Hudson River
Group.

INDEX OF GENERA.

In addition to indexing the Genera in the whole work, the gender of each genus is
designated — m, for masculine ; /, feminine ; n, neuter.

PAGE.

Acambona, /. 103

Acanthaspis, / 227

Acanthocladia, / 289

Acanthograptus, m.. 2^62

Acantholepis, / 227

Acantholoma 208

Aeanthophyton, n 21

Acanthotelson, n 208

Acervularia, / 46, 262

Aeheloma, n ... 323

Acidaspis, / 208, 316

Aclis 143, 300

Aclisina,/ 300

Acondylacanthus, m227, 319

Acrocrinus, m 66-279

Acroculia 143

Acrolepis. /. 227

Acrophyllum, n 46, 262

Acrotre'ta, /. 103

Actinoceras, n. . ... 165, 305

Actinocrinus, m 66, 279

Actinodesma, n 180, 309

Aegilops 103, 294

Agaricia 46

Agaricocrinus, m . . .69, 279

Agassiehthys . 227

Agassizocrinus, m . . .69, 279

Agassizodus, m 228

Agelacrinus, m 69, 279

Aglaspie, f 209, 316

Agnostus, m 209, 316

Agraulos, m 209,316

Alecto 95, 289

Alethopteris, /. 21, 248

Allagecrinus," m 279

Alloprosallocrinus, m 70, 279

Allorisma, n 180, 309

Alveolites, m 46, 262

Amacanthus, m 228, 319

Amblypterus, m 228

Ambocoelia, f. 103

Ambonyehia", / 181, 309

Ammonites 305

Ampheristocrinus, m.. . .279

Amphibamus, m 240

Amphicoelia, /. 181

Amphigenia, / 104

Amphion, m 209

Amphipeltis, / 209, 316

Amphoracrinus, in.. .70, 279
Amplexopora, /. 289

PAGE.

Amplexus, m . . .46, 243, 262

Ampullaria 143

Ampyx, m 209

Amygdalocystites,m. 70, 279

Anaclitacanthus, m 228

Anartbrocanna, ). 22

Anastrophia, /. . ... 104, 294

Anatina, /. 181, 309

Ancyrocrinus, m 70

Aneimites, m 22

Angellum, n 309

Anisodexis, m 323

Anisophvllum, n . ... 262

Annularia, /. 22, 248

Anodontopsis, /. 182

Anomalocrinus, m. . .70, 279
Anomalocystites, m 70, 279

Anomalodonta, / 182

Anomaloides 280

Anomia 104

Anomites 104

Anomphalus, m 143

Anopolenus, m 209

Antholithes, m 22,248

Anthophyllum, n. 46

Anthracerpes, m 224

Anthracomya,/ 182

Anthraconectes, m 209

Anthracopakemon, m.. 210
Anthracoptera, /.. ..182, 309

Anthracopupa, / 300

Anthracosia, / 182

Antliodus, m 228

Apedodus, m 228

Aphlebia./. 248

Apiocystites, m 70

Arabellites, m 313

Arachnocrinus, m . .. . 280
Arachnophyllum, n. . . 262

Araucarites, m 22

Area 182, 309

Archaeobelus, m 323

Archaeocaris, / 210

Archaeocidaris, f. . . .70, 280

Archseocrinus, m 2S0

Archaeopteris,/. ... .22, 248

Archegogryllus, m 225

Archaeocyathellus, m... .260

Archaeocyathus, »i 42

Arcbimedes, m 95

Archimedipora 95

PAGE.

Archimylacris,/ 225, 319

Architarbus, n 224

Archiulus, m 224

Arctinurus 316

Arenicolites, m 206

Arges, m 210, 316

Arionellus, m. 210,316

Aristophycus 248

Arthraria, /. 22

Arthroclema, n 95, 289

Arthrolycosa, /. 224

Arthronema, n 289

Arthrophycus, n. 23

Arthrostigma, n 23

Artisia, / 23

Asaphiscus 210

Asaphoidichnus, m 316

Asaphus, m 210,316

Ascoceras, n 165

Ascodictyon, n 289

Asolanus . 248

Aspidella, / 141

Aspidichthys, m 228

Aspidocrinus, m 71

Aspidodus, m 228

Asplenites, m 23

Astarte, f. 182

Astartella, / 182,309

Asteracanthus, m 228

Asterias 71

Asterocarpus, m 23

Asterocrinus 71

Asterophycus, n. . . 23, 248
Asterophyllites, m. . .23, 248

Asteropteris, /. 248

Asteropty chins, m. .228, 320

Asterosteus, m 228

Astrma 46,262

Astrgeophyllum, n 262

Astraeospongia, / 42

Antrios 71

Astrocerium, n 47

Astroconia, n. 260

Astrocrinites 71

Astylospongia, / ... .42, 260

Atactopora, / 289

Ataxocrinus 71

Ateleocystites, m 71

Athyris, / 104,294

Atops,/ 211, 316

Atrypa, /' 105, 294

INDEX OF GENERA.

PAGE.

Aulacophyllum, n 262

Aulocopina, / 42

Aulophyllum, n 47

Aulopora, / 47, 64, 263

Aulosteges, m 106

Avicula,/ 182,309

Aviculopecten, m. . 184, 310

Aviculopinna, /. 185

Axinura 47

Axinus . ■ . . 185

Axophyllum, n 47, 64

Bactrites, in 305

Baiera. f 248

Bakevellia,/ 185

Balanocrinus 71

Baphetes, m 240, 323

Barrandia 211

Barycrinus, m ...... .71, 280

Baryphyllum, n ... .47, 263

Batacanthus, m 228, 320

Bathyeheilodue, m 229

Bathynotus, m 211

Bathyurellus. m 211

Bathyurus, m 211, 316

Batocrinus, m 71, 280

Batostoma, n 289

Batostomella, / 289

Beatricea, /. . . .165, 260, 305

Bechera, / 23

Beinertia, /. 23

Belemnocrinus, in 72, 94, 280

Belinurus, 212

Bellerophon, m 143, 300

Berenicea, / 289

Bergeria, 248

Beyrichia,/ 212, 316

Blastoidocrinus, m 72

Blastophycus, n 249

Blattina, / 225

Blothrophyllum, n..47, 263

Blumenbachium 42

Bolboporites, m 47

Bolosaurus, m 323

Bornia,/ 249

Botryllopora, / 96

Brachiocrinus, m 72

Brachiospongia, / 42, 64

Brachydectes, m 240

Brachymerus 106

Brachyphyllum, n. . .23, 249

Brachyprion 107

Brongniartia 212

Bronteus, m 212, 316

Bruckmannia 249

Bucanella, / 145

Bucania,/ 145, 300

Bulime.Ua 145

Bulimorpha, / 301

Bumastus 212

Bursacrinus, in 72

Butiiograptiis, m 47

Buthotrephis,/ . ..23,249

Bythiacanthus, m 229

Bythopora,/ 2S9

Gacabocrinus 72

Calamites, m 24, 249

Calamocladus, in. . . 24

Calamodendron, it. . .24, 249

PAGE.

Calamophycus, n 249

Calamopora 47, 263

Calamostachy s, in 249

Calapoecia, /. 47

Calathium, n 43

Calathocrinus . 72

Calcarina, /. 260

Calceocrinug, m . .. 72,280

Calceola. / 107, 263, 295

Caleisphaera, / 260

Callipteridium, n 249

Callipteris, / 24, 249

Callocystites, m 73

Callograptus, m 47, 263

Callonema, n 301

Callopora,/. 96, 289

Calophyllum, n 263

Calopodus, m .229

Calymene,/ 213, 316

Calvptograptus, m 264

Caiiiarella, /. 107, 295

Camarium, n.. 107

Camaroceras, n 165

Camarophoria, / . . . 107, 295

Campanulites. 73

Campophyllum, n . . 48, 64

Caninia .. 48

Cannapora, / 48, 264

Capulus, m 146

Carabocrinus, m.. 73

Carbonarca. /. 185

Carcharopsis, /. 229

Cardinia,/. . . 185,310
Cardiocarpon, n. ..24, 249

Cardiola,/. 186, 310

Cardiomorpha, / 186, 310

Cardiopsis,/ 186, 310

Cardiopteris, / 249

Cardiuin, n 186, 310

Carinaropsi6,/ 146

Carinopora, / 96

Carpolitbes, m 25, 250

Oryocrinus, m 73

Caryocystites 73

Caryophi/llia 264

Catenipora . . .48, 264

Casuarinites 250

Catillocrinus, m 73

Catopterus, 229, 320

Caulerpites, m 25, 250

Caulopteris, /. 25, 250

Caunopora, / 48

Celluloxylon, n. 250

Centrocrinus 280

Centronella, / 107, 295

Cephalaspis, / 229

Cerainopora, /. ... 96, 290 i

Ceraterpeton, n 240

Ceratiocaris, / 213, 316

Ceratocephala 213

Ceraurus, m 213, 316 [

Ceriopora, /. 96 i

Chaenocardia, /. 186

Chaenomya, /. 186, 310 \

Chaetetes, m 48,264!

Chariocephalus, m. .214, 316

Charionella 108 j

Cheirocrinus 73 I

PAGE.

Cheirodus, m 229

Cheirotherium, n 210

Cheit-urus 214

Chemnitzia, / 146, 301

Chiton, m 141, 301

Chitonodus, ra 320

Chloephycus 250

Cholodus, m 229

Chomatodus, m 229

Chondrites, m. 25, 250

Chonetes, m 108.295

Chonograptus, m 48, 64

Chonophvllum, n 48, 64, 264

Chonostegites 48, 264

Chrestotes, /. ..225

Cimitaria, f. 187

UladoduB, m 229, 320

Cladogvaptus, m.. 49

CladopoiM,/. 49,64,264

Clatfaroccelia, f. 299

Clathropora. /. 96,290

Cleidophorue, m . . 187, 310

Cleiocrinus, m 73

Clepsydrops, / 323

Clepsysaurus, m. . . .240, 323

Cliinactichnites, in 214

Climacograptus, m 49

Climacodus, m 230

Clinopistha, /. 187

Clioderma 141

Clisiophyllum, n. ...49, 265

Clisospira,/ 146,301

Clonopora, / 290

Closterocrinus, m 73

Chi, iii-iiia.. 165

Cnemidium, n 43, 64

Coccocrinus, m 73

Coccosteus, m 230

L'ochliodus, m 230,320

CocjTtinus, m., 240

Codaster, m 73, 280

Codonites. m 74, 280

Coelacanthus, in 230

Coeliocrinus, in .... 74, 280

Coelocrinus, in. 74

Ccelospira, / 109

Coenites 265

Coleolus, in 299

Coleoprion, m 141, 299

Collettosaurus, m 240

Colosteus, in 240

Colpocaris 214

Colpoceras, n 165, 305

Columnaria, / ... 49, 265

Colnmnopora, /. 49, 265

Coinarocystites, m . .74, 281

Combophyllum, n 49

Compsacanthus, n 231

Conchicolites, m. . . .206, 313

Conchiopsis.. 231

Conchodus, m 231

Conchopeltis, / 146

C'lniliti's .165

Conocardium, n 187, 310
Conocephalites, in. .214, 316

Vonocephalua 214

Conoceras, n. 1 65

Conocoiyphe, / 214

INDEX OF GENERA.

329

PAGE.

ConocriuuB 74

Conophyllum 50

Conopterium, n 43

Conostichus, m 25, 250

Gonotubularia 165

Conttisllaria 50

Conularia,/ 141, 299

Gonulites 165

Copodus, m 320

Cordaianthus. m 250

Cordaicarpus, m 250

Cordaistrobus, m 250

Cordaites, m. .25, 250

Cordvlocrinus, m... . 281

Conmlites, m 206, 313

Coronocrinus, in 74

Coscinium, n 96

Coscinopora 43

Cotyledonocrinus, m 74

Crania,/. 109, 295

Cm -podophyllum, n 265

Crateripora 290

Crematopteris, /. 25

Crepicephalus, m. ...215, 317

Crepidophyllvm 265

Crieotus, m 323

Crinocystites, m 74

Crinotoma 281

Crisina, / 290

Cromyocrinus, m. .. . 281

rrrinites 74

Cruziana, / 26

Cryphceus . . 215

Cryptoceraa 1 66

Cryptolithus 215

Cryptonella, /. . .. 109,295

Cryptopora, / 97

Ctenacanthus, m . . 231, 320

Ctenocrinus, hi 74

CtenodotUa 187

Ctenodus, m 231, 320

Ctenopetalns. m 231

Ctenoptychius, m. .231, 320

Cucullcea .188

Cuneamya, /. 188, 310

Cupelkecrinu* 74

Cupulocrinus, m 281

Cyathaxonia,/ 50, 265

Cyathocrinusj m. .. 74,281

Cyathophycns, n 260

Cyathophyllum, n 50, 64, 265

Cyathopora 50

Cyathospongia,/ . . . 260

Cybele ' 215

Cffda8ter 75

Cycloconcha, /. 188

Cyclocystoidea, m ..75, 281
Cyclolites, m ... . 50

Cyclonema, n . . . . 146, 301

Cyclopora. /. 97

Cyclopteris,'/ 26, 250

Cyclora, / .../.. 147,301

Cyclostigma, n 26, 251

Cyclostoma 147

Cymatodus, m 232

Cymoglossa, / ... 2.">l

Cyphaspis f 215

Cypricardella, f .. .188, 310

PAGB.

Cvpvicardia, / 188, 310

Cypricardinia, /. . . .188, 310

Cypi-icardites, m 188, 310

CyrtacanthuB, m 231

Cvrtia,/ 110

Cvrtina, / 110, 295

Cyrtocevas, n 166, 305

Cyrtocerina, / 167

Gyrtodowta 190

Cyrtolitee, m 147, 301

Cyrtonella, f , . . 301

Cy.<ti])liyllum, n... .50,266

Cystocrinus, m 75

Cystodictya, / 290

Cystopora, / 290

Cyetostvlus, m 267

Cvthere, f 215, 317

Cy therelllna, / 317

Cytherina, / 215

Cytherodon, m 190

( yllH-ropsis, / 215, 317

CytocrinuB, m 76, 281

Dactylodus, m 232

DactVlophycus, n 251

Dadoxylon, n 26

Dcemojwcrinites 76

Daimania . 215

Dalnianites, m 215, 317

Danseites, m 26, 251

Dania, / 267

Dawsonella, / 147

Dawsonia, / 51

Decadactylocrinites 76

Decadocrinus 281

Decheni-t,/ 251

Dekayia,/ 267

Deltodopsis, f. 320

Deltodus, m 232, 320

Th'ltlnirls 110

Deltoptychius, m 321

Dendrerpeton, n. . . 240, 323

Dendrocrinus, m 76, 281

Dendrograptus, in. ...51, 267

Dendropora, / ,51, 267

Dentalina,/ 43

Dentalium, n 147, 301

Desmiodns, m 232

Desmiophyllum, n 251

Dexiobia,/ 190, 310

Diadectes, m 323

Diamesopora 97

Dicellocephalus, m. 216, 317

Dichoerinus, m 76, 282

Dichograptus .... 51

Dicraniscus 110

Dicranograptus, m 51

Dicranophyllum, n 251

Dicranopofa, / 290

Dicranurus . . 217

Dictyocrinus, m 77

Dictyolitea 26

Dictvonema, n. . . 51, 64, 267
Dictyophyton, n 26, 251, 260

Dicryopteris, / 26

! Dictyoitroma, n 52, 64

! Didymograptus, m . . . 52

Didymophyllum, n. .27, 251

; Dimetrodoii, m 323

PAGE.

Diniehthys, m 232

Dinobolus, m 110

Dionide, / 217

Diorrychopora,/ 267

Diphyphyllum, n 52, 267

Diplazites 27

Dipleura 217

Diplichnites, m 217

Diplocaulus, m 323

Diploceras, n 168

Diplodus, m 232, 321

Diplograptue, m 52, 268

Diplophyllum 52

Diplostegium, n: 27

Diplostylus, m 217

Diplotrypa, / 268, 290

Dipterocaris, / 325

Dipterus, m 232

Discina, / Ill, 295

Discites, m 168, 305

Discolites 301

Discophycus, n 251

Discophyllum, n 52

Discosorus, rn 168

Discotrypa, / 290

Distacodus, m 313

Dithyrocaris, / 217

Dolabra,/ 190

Dolatocrinus, m 77, 282

Dolichometopus, m 217

Dolichopterus, m . . 217, 317

Donacicrinites 77

Dorycrinus, m 77, 282

Drepanacanthus, m 232

Drepanodus, m 313

Drymopora,/ 268

Duncanella,/ 52

Dvscritus, m 225

Dystactella,/ 190

Dystactophycus, n 251

Dystactospongia, / 260

Eatonia,/ Ill

Ecculioraphalus, m .. ..147

Echinocaris, /. 317

Echinocystites, m 77

Echinoencrinites, m ... .77

Echinognathus, m 317

Echinus 77

Ectocynodon, m 324

Ectosteovachis, m . 321

Edaphosaurus, m 324

Edestes,»n 233

Edmondia, / 190-310

Edrioaster, m 77

Edriocrinus, m 77

Eichwaldia,/ Ill

Elceacrinus 78

Elasmophyllum, n 268

Eleutherocrinus, m 78

Elliptocephala 217, 317

Elonichthys 233

Embolophorus, m 324

Emmonsia, / 52

Erapedocles, m. . 324

Eucrinurus, m 217, 317

Endoceras, n 168, 305

Endolobus 168

Endothyra, n 861

330

INDEX OF GEXEEA.

Endymiou 913

Endyniionia, / 217 ;

Enoploura. f. 317 ;

Entoliuni, n 191

Eoeidaris. / 7$

Eoeystites, mi 7^

Eodon, m 244

Eophyton, n 27

Eopteria. 191!

Eosaurus, m 241

Eoeeorpius, m . . . . 224. 319

Eospongia. / . M

Eotroehus. in . 301

Eotrophonia . . 313

Eozoon, h 4>

Ephemerites, m
Epicordylus-, i» . . . 324
Equisetites, m. ... 27. 2" 1

Equisetum .27

Eremopteris, /
Eretnioerinus, m .
Eridophvllum, n..

Eridopofa. / .290

Erismacanthtis, m 23:3

Erisoerinus, m R M

Eryops. /. .324

Esehara. f , 97

Eseharopbra, / . .

Estheria./ . 317

Ethmophyllum, » S3

Euealyptocrinus, b. I

Euehasnia. « 191

Euehondria. f. 191

Eacladoerinus, m . . 94, 2S2

Eugaster, m 78

Eulima 147

Ewnicrotis 191

Ennema. » 148, 301

Eunemacanthus, i» 321

Eunieites. m 313

Euomphalus, m 148, 244, 301
Eupaehverinus, m .

Euphoberia, / 224. 319

Euproops. f 217

Eurvlepis. f 233

Eurypterus. m 217. 31S

Eurvthorax. m

Eusareus. ■ 244, 31S

Evactinopora, /. .

Exochorhynehus . . .191

Faviphvllum, » 53

Favistella. f. ....
Favorites, >/» 53, 64, 244 26S

Farositopora

Fenestella. / 97, 290

Fenestralia, /

Ficoidite* . .

Filicites .27. 54, 251

Fissodus, im

Fistulipora. f 54, 269

Flab*.llari.i 27

Flustra./ ... .98

Forbesdocrinus, in .79, 382

Fu&ndes 27

Fusbpira. f .. .

Fusilina. f

Fu»us 149

'jrtiitwN n

PAGB.

Gampeaeanthus, m

fllt»l ■lltliMl. m 233

Gennmocrintos. . . 2S2

Gerepheniera. .

Gervillia. f . * 191

Glaucoi 98,291

- 168

glimfrqp— I 54

Glyeerites. //*
GlVinniataeanthns./ -
Glyptaster. m .... I S
Glyptoerinus, m . . " ■
Glyptoeystites, ■
Glyptodendron. a .
Gomphoeeras «... 168, 305
Goniphoeystites. /». . . 80
Goniasteroidoerinus, m . SO
Goniatites. m . 169. 306

Gonioeeras. ■ 170

(t^oniocixlia .

Goniophora, / 193, 311

Gtmiopteris 351

Crordia 27

Gorgonia. / 98, 291

Grammy sia. /....... 192

Granatoerinns, m. .
Graphiocrinus, m.
Graptodietva
Graptolithas.'j/i 54. 244. MB

Gryphorhynehus 192

Guilielmites. m

Gypidola. /. . . . 112. 295
Gvraeanthus. m . .233. 321
Gyroeeras. n .170, 244, 306

Hadroerinut. m 81

Hadrophyllnm. n 56. 26: »

Haimeophvllum. n\.

Hallia. f 369

Halonia, f .' 1

Haly sites', m 56, 64. I

Haplocrinus. m SI

Haplophlebium. n.

Harlauia./ 27

Harpaeodus m

Harpes. m 2IS

Harpides, m

HeMcotoma. /. 149. 301

Heliodus. n

HelioUtes. m . -.

Heliophyeui. ». . . .
Heliophyllum. » 54. 244. 269
H elmi i» thoidichtute -

...318

Helodectes. in 334

Helodu-. 233, 331

Helopora. /"

Heterotrypa. f.

Hemerktia. /

Hemieosmites. m. B

Htmicrypturua U

Hemic vstites, m 81

Hemipronites

Hemitrypa, / . . 98, 391

Heteroerinns. m . . .
Heterocystites, n» .
Hererodictya.

Heterophrentii. / ^i

Hindsi:i

Homerti.
Horthol" -
Houghtonia .
Huronia.
Hybocladodag. m
Hvboerinus. m.

PaGK.

Hippariouyx . 112

Hippodophycu-.

.
- i:es. m
Holometopas, ;».... 2 IS

Holopea. f._

Holopella. /

Holoptyehias, m . .

_
Homaloaotus, m. . . .
Homoerinas, *».... - .
Homothettts, ra ....
Homotrypa. f. . .

1 I

I--. ■ :

- -

H

- -.

iBydneeera^. 170

-ioaocrmu-.

Hylerpeton, ». 241

Hylonomus. ■ 24".

Hymenophy Hate-. ...
Hvphasma. a

Hyolithellns. m 141

-hes. m 141, 300

■< .
-
IohthycantliiL-?. m . . .
Iohthyoerinus, i
Ichthyorachis. /

hyllum, a. .. .. .JSB

Ilionial f

Ulaenurus, m . .
Hlaenas.

Inachu*

Inoeaaliu. m .

■ HMU

Intrapora. . S

Iatriearia./ . .... », 298

Ioerinus-. ■

Iphidea. f 112

t3, 261
IsehArrinia.

\Mmeirdia.'.'. 192.311

Isoehilina. f 21

-

-

Janassa. f 321

^MMrria. t

Kaninekia. f 112 \

Knlorgina. / 11.

Lambdoltis, m

Lamellipor

Lampter«x'rinns. m .89

■!■■+

. . .jm

. -.

...24:3

Leiopceris. /

Leiorhynchu:?, n. . . .113, 396
Lepadocrinus, ■

Leojthiocrinua
Late
Leioelema, n.

i\i>i:\ of <.km;i:a.

PAGE.

Leperditia,/. ... .219. 919

LepetopsiB, / . . .901

Lepidecfafaras, m . .82

Lepidesthes./ 88, 384

82
Lepidodendron. i> . . . .28, 369

82

Lepidocystto, wt. 369

Lepidolites, m 261

Lepidophloios, m. . . .29, 359
Lepidopbylhun, *.. ..30, 352
Lepidoetrobas, ».. . .30, 2."):}

Lepidoxylon, «. 2."):}

82

331

LeptmuL / 112, 396

Leptobolas, m 119

. Ii;l. r\ 119

Leptodaauv, / 19:5. 311

Leptophlu'imi, ■ 2!)

Leptophraetas, m 234,241.

321.324

Leptopora. / 56, 94, 370

Lescaropteife,/. 90, 25:{

SOS

Libellnla, f.

Lirh.-is. „».' --

Liehenali.a./ 90, 999

Lirhenoerinus, m . . .88, 981

Lierophyeus, n 90, 969

Lima, f. 199

Lintm, / 5<>, 270

Limoptera,/ 199

Lindstromia, f 270

Lingula./ ..'..113,244, 295

Lin<rulella. f US

Lingulepis./. 115,296

Lingulops,/ 115

57

Liognathus, m 234

Litijocnris, 318

Lisgodu.s, m 234

Uatraeanthus, m 235

Lithentomum, n 225

Lithophaga,/ 193, 311

Lithostrotion, n.. . . 57, 270

Lir.uites, m 170, 307

Littnrina, 150

Loftusia. /. 261

Lfxjanellus 220

Loiifhorephalu.i 220

Lonchopteris, / 30

Lonsdaleia. / . . 57

LopAothu ... 235

Lophophyllum, n . . .57, 270
Loxonema, n... .150. 244. 302

Lueina, / .193, 311

Lumbrieonereites, m ...314

Lunatipora, / 57

Lunulieardium, n . .193, 311

Lunulites 43

L>jcopod!olithi>$ . . 253

Lyeopodites, m . .31,253

Lyellia,/ 57,270

£|MMfl 193

Lyrioerinua, m 83, 284

Lyriopeeten, »i 193

Lyrodesma, n 193

PAGK.

Lyropora./ 99

LfBorophm, m 324

Ma.li.eraeanthus. M 235

Maekmtrodmt 314

Maelurea./ 150, 302

Bfacrocbeuns, » 151,244,302

Ma.ro.hilina, /' 302

Uaorodon, m. 194, 31 1

Marropetalielitliys.

Ma. -rost.-h-hv.-i. / . . .253

Hacf osly luer baas, m 88, 984

>ra "7

Maloeystir.es, //* 89

Mariaerinus. m. 83

Marraeaur.hus. M . . 235

Marsupioerinus. „>.

Martinia/ 115

Matlieria'. /' 194

Ma/.onia. / 224

Bfeeokpte, f 235

HeekeDa, f . .. lis

Megabwpfe, / 220

llegalograptag, m 57

Megdomus, m 194, 311

Megalopteris,/. . . . 31, 253

Megambonia,/ 194

115

Megaplu roii. n, 31, 253

ra 194

■Tegatheutomuip, n 235

HegfstocrfanM, m ...83,284

MtHa 307

Mekwrinas, m 83, 284

Mtdonir.es, hi 84

Menoeephalus, m .... .220

Merfete, f lis

Meristella./ 115, 296

Meristina. / 116

.Mood 1 nod us, m 235

Mespiloerinus, m 84

MdMBWIMM, >ii 324

Metoptoma, / 151. 302

Miamia, f 225

Miehelinia./ ...57, 244, 271

Mieroeeras, n 152, 302

Mi. rocvolus, ■»» 57

Mirrodisciis, M 220. 318

Mierodoma, / 152

JBBTWHNi 194

Microspoiigia, / 261

MHItpvra 57

Milh'ivlla. f 325

Milleria,/ 271

Mitoclema, n 292

Modiola,/ 194

Modiolopais,/ 195, 311

Modiomorpha, / 195, 31 1

Molgophis, in. 241

Moiiorraterioa. n 314

Monograptus, m, . . 57, 271

Monom.T.dla./ 116

Monopteria, / 196

Mouotis,/ . ." 196, 311

Mnnntnipa, .. 271

Monotrypella, /. 292

Montieulipora. r'u, 271, 292
Mundiisoida, f 152. 244, 302
Myallna,/ 196,311

PAG«.

Myelodactylus. M, J-l

Mylarri.-./-

Myrianircs. m .'A. IXi

Mvrtillocrinus, m .. 84

Myrilarca,/ 197,311

Myrilus. m 197

NmmtHU$, 197

Xatica 154

^sticopeis,/ 154, 303

N'autilus, m 171, 307

Xehulipora, / 58

Xilinh-lliil 307

Xt'iiiagraptu.s, m 58

\.Miia{)odia./- 31, 253

Nt'inatophycus, n 31

Nematophyllum, n 253

Nematoxylon, n 31

WtpknmUrti 31

N't'i-.-idaviis. ;h 314

Nereites, m 31,253

Nereograptus, m 58

Neriopteris, / 31

N'curopteris,/. 31,253

N'ieholsonia, / 271

\ ileus, in 220

Nipterocrinus, »» 84

Xo.losinella, /. 261

N'd'ggerathia", / 32, 254

N'ueleocrinus, M 84

Xueleospira,/ 116,296

-Vuenla, f. 197, 311

Xueulana, f 198, 311

Xuedites, »» 198, 311

Nullipora,/. 43

Xntbtinia 220

Nyassa, /' 198

ObolellY,/ 116,296

ohnh-llina 116

Obolus, m 116

Odontocephalus 221

Od&ntochile 221

Odontopteria, / 33, 254

Oenites, in 314

( >e-r-i.ephalus:, m 211

OgTgfaL f 221, 318

Ol.Uiainia, f 58

Olenellus, M 221,318

Oleum, m 221

Oligoearpia, /

Oligoporus, m 84, 284

Olininiti's 84

<>/ /</<■>■ inns. 284

Ompkalotwvekus 154

Oinplivma,/. 58, 272

Onchus 235

Oneocerafl, n 172, 307

Onycha-ter, m 84

OnychocriniiH, ■».... 84, 284

OnyelioduH, n 235

I )pliia.-odon, m 324

Ophileta,/.. 154, 303

Opi.stfmpte.ra 199

Oracanthus. m 235, 321

Orbicula 116

Oi-hi.uloidea,/ 296

OrbituHteA 43

Onnatln.-hnus. m 303

Ormoceras, n 1 73

332

INDEX OF GENERA.

PAGE.

Ormoxylon, n . . 33

Ornithichnites, m 241

Orodus, m 235

Orthacanthus, m.. .236, 321

Orthis, f. 116, 296

Orthisina, /. 120

Orthoceras, n .173, 244, 307

Orthogoniopteris, /. 33

Orthodesnia, n 199, 311

Orthonema, n 155

Orthonota, f 199, 311

Orthonotella, / 311

Orthonychia 155

OrthopleuroduB, m. . .. 321

Orthostoma, n 155

Ortonia 206

Ostrea 199,311

Pachycrinus, m, 84

Pachydictya, / 292

Pachylocrinus 284

Pachyphyllum 33

Pachyphyllum, ri. 59

Pachypora, /. : 272

Pachypteris, /. 33

Palseacis,/ 43, 261

Palaeacmasa, / 155, 303

Palaeanatima, /. 199

Palcearca 199

Palseaster, m 84, 284

Palseasterina, / 85, 285

Palaechinus, m 85

Palaeobatis, m 321

Palaeocampa, / 226

Palaeocardia, / 199

Palseocaris, /. 221

Palaeochorda, / 33, 254

Palaeocoma, / 85

Palaeocrinus, m 85

Palaeocyclus, m 59, 272

Palaeocystites, m 85

Palseomanon. / . 43, 261

Palaaoneilo, /. 199, 311

Palseoniscus, m 236, 321

Palaeopalaamon, m. . 318
Palaeophycus, n . . . 33, 254

Palaeophyllum, n 59

Palceopteris 33

Palasotrochis 59

Palaeotrochus, m . . . 303

Palaeoxyris, /. 33, 254

Paleschara, / 99, 292

Palmacites, 254

Panopoea 199

Pantylus, m 324

Paolia, / 226

Paracyclas, f. 199, 312

Paradoxides, m 221

Pariotichus m 324

Parioxys, m 324

Parisocrinus 285

Pasceolus, m .43

Patella,/. 303

Pattersonia, /. 261

Pecopteris, / 34, 254

Pecten 200

Pelion, m, 241

Peltodus, m. 236

Peltura 221

PAGE.

Pemphigaspis,/. 221

Pentacrinites 85

Pentagonia, /. 120

Pentagonites 85

Pentamerella, /. 120

Pentamerus, m 120, 296

Pentremites, m 85, 285

Peplorhina, /. 236

Pereichocrinus 285

Periplectrodus, m 236

Peripristis, m 321

Pernqpect^n, m . . 200, 312

Peronopora,/ 272, 292

Petalichnus, m 309

Petalodus, m 236, 321

Petalorhynchus, n. .237, 321

Petigopora, / 292

Petraia, /. 59

Petraster, m 86

Petrodus, m 237

Phacops, f\ 221

Phaenopora, /. 99

Phanerotinus, m. . . .155, 303

Phoebodus, m 237

Phillipsia, /. ...221, 245, 318

Phillipsastrea, / 59, 272

Philocrinus 86

Phlegethontia, / 241

Pholadella, / 200

Pholadomya 312

Pholidocidaris, ?» 86

Pholidops, /. 121

Phraetopora, / 292

Phragmoceras, n. ...178, 309

Phragrnolites 155

Phragmostoma, n. . .155, 303

Phthonia, f 200

Phyllodictya, /. 292

Phyllograptus, m 59

Phyllopora, /. 99,292

Phyllopteris. /. 35

Physetocrinus, m . 86, 285
Physonemus. m ...237,321

Physophycus, n. 35, 255

Phytolithus 35, 255

Phytopsis, /. 35

Pileopsis 155, 303

Piliolites 222

Piloceras, n .... 178, 309

Pinna,/. 200,312

Pinnopsis ... 200

Plnnularia, / 35

Pisocrinus, m 285

Placunopsis, / 200

Planolites 314

Planorbis . . . 155

Plasmopora, / 59

Platephemera, / 226

Platyceras, W...155, 245, 303
Platyerinus, m . . . 86, 285

Platyodus. m 237

Platynotus 222

Platyschisma, it, 157

Platyeomus, m 237

Platystoma, n .157, 245, 303

Platystrophia 121

Plasmopora, /.. 59

Plectambonites... 121

PAGE.

Plectostylus 157

Pleuracanthus, m 237

Pleurocystites, m 88

Pleurodictyum, n... .59, 272

Pleuronotus, m 303

Pleurophorus, in 200

Pleuroptyx, /. 241

Pleurorhynchus .. . 201,312
Pleurotomaria,/.157, 245,303

Phcatula 121

Plumulina, / 59, 272

Plumulites, m 222, 318

Pnigeacanthus, m.. .237, 321

Poecilodus, m 237, 322

Polycronites 178

Polydilasma 59

Polygnathus, m. ...314
Polypheraopsis./.161,245,304

Polypora, /. 99, 292

Polyporites, m 35, 255

Polyrhizodus, m 237

Polyspora 255

Porambonites, m .. .121, 296

Porcellia, /. 161, 304

Pontes 59

Porocrinus, m 88, 286

Posidonia, / 201,312

Posidonomya, /. . . . .201, 312
Poteriocrinus, m 88, 286, 325

Prasopora, /. 272, 293

Primitia,/. 222, 318

Prioniodus, m 315

Prionotus 59

Prisconaia, /. 312

Pri-mopora,,/ 293

Pristicladodus, m 238

Pristodus, m 238

Procteria, /. 272

Productella, f. 121

Productus, m 122, 245, 296

Proetus, m 222, 318

Promacrus, m 201

Protaraea, f 60

Protaster, m. 89, 287

Protasterina 287

Prothvris,/. 201

Protiehnites, m 222, 319

Protoblechnum, n 255

Protocyathus, m 261

Protoscolex, m 315

Protostigma, / 255

Prototaxites, m 35

Psammodus, m 238, 322

Psaronius, m 35

Psephodus, m 238, 322

Pseudoci-ania, /. 124

Psetidomonotis, /.. 201, 312

Pseudopecopteris, /. 255

Psilophyton, n 35, 256

Pterichthys, m..V . 238, 322

Pterinea, f 201, 312

Pteroceptialia, / 319

Pieronautilus, m 178

Pteronitella, / 202

Pteronites, m 202, 312

Pterotheca, / 142

Pterotoerinus. rn ... .89, 287
Pterygotus, m 223, 319

INDEX OF GENERA.

333

PAGE.

Pilocarpus, m 35, 256

Ptilodictya, / 100, 293

Ptilograptus, m 60, 272

Ptilonaster 89

Ptilophyton 256

Ptilopora / 100

Ptychaspis, / 223, 319

Ptvchodesma. re . . 202, 312
Ptychophyllurn, n . ..60, 272

Ptyctodus, to 238

Ptyonius, to 241

Ptyonodus, in 322

Pugiunculus 142

Pupa,/ 162, 304

Pvanomva, / 312

Pygopterus, to .. ■ . . .238, 241

Pygorhynchus, re 89

Pyrenomoeus, m ... .202
Quenstedtia . . ..60, 245, 272

Ramipora,/ 293

Baniceps 241

Raphistoma, re 162, 304

Rastrites, f» 60

Receptaculites, m . 43, 261

Remopleurides, in 223

Rensseheria, / 124, 297

Retepora, / 100, 293

Retiocrinus, to 90, 287

Retiograptus, m . 60

Retiolites, m 60

Retzia. /. 124, 297

Rhabdaria, /. 44

Bhabdichnites 223

Rhabdocarpus, to. . . .36, 256

Rhachiopteris, / 36, 256

Rhachitomus, to 324

Rhaelmra. f 319

Rbacopbyl'lum, n . . .36, 256
Rbadinichthys, to . . .322

Rhinidictya./ 293

Rbinipora, f 100

Rhizodus, to 238

Rhizograptus, m .272

Bhizolithes 36

Rhizomopteris, /. 36

Rhizomorpha. / 257

Rhodocrinus, m . ... 90, 287

Rbombopora, / 60

Rhvnehodus. in 238, 322

Rbynchonella, / 125, 297

Bhynchospira 128, 297

Rhynchotreta, / 297

Hh'innliolus . 128

Ribeiria, / 44

Binmlus 238

Romingeria, / 272

Bnpalonaria . .293

Rotalia, f 44,261

Rotella,/ 304

Botularia 36

Rueichnites, m 223, 319

Rusophycus, n ... .r .36, 257

Saccammina, / 261

Saceocrinus to. ... .90, 287

Saeriebnites, m 178

Saqenaria 36

Sabnella. / 100, 293

Salterella, /. 206

PAGE.

Sandalodus, m 238, 322

Sanguinolaria, / 202, 312

Sanguiuolites, to . . .202, 312

Saportaea, / » 257

Sarcinula. / 60,272

Sauripteris 238

Sauropleura, / 241, 324

Sauropus, m. 241

SccBvogyra, / ... 304

Scalaripora, / 293

Scalites, m. ' 162

Scaphiocrinus, m 91, 287

Scenella,/ 142

Scenellopora, / 293

Schaenaster, m 91

Schizocrania, / 128

Schizocrinus, m 91

Schizodus, m 203, 312

Schizopteris 36

Schutzia, /. : 36, 257

Scolithus, to.. . .36, 257, 315
Scolopendrites, to . . 36, 257

Scyphia 44

Scyphocrinus, to 91, 287

Scytalocrinus 287

Sedgwickia, /. 203, 312

Selaginites, to 36,257

Selenoides 44

Semicoscinium, n 101

Serpula, / 206, 315

Serpulites, to.. 206

Septopora, / 101

Shumardia, /. 223

Sicarius 322

Sidemina 309

Sigillaria. / 37, 257

Sigillarioides, m 38, 258

Siphonia 44

Skenidium, n 128

Smithia,/. 60,272

Solenoula, /. 258

Solarium 162

Solemya 204

Solen m 204

Soleniscus, m .162, 304

Snlenocaris . 223

Solenocheilus, n 178

Solenoraya, /. 204

Solenopleura, f. . . 223, 319

Solenopsis,/ 204

Solenoula,/ 258

Sorocladus, to 258

Spathiocaris, / 319

Spatiopora,/ 293

Sphaerexochus, to 223

Sphaerocoryphe, f. 223

Sphcerocrinus 91

Sphaerocystites, to 91

Sphaerolites, in 60

Sphenacodon, in 324

Spbenophyllum, re.. . 38, 258

Sphenopterie, / 38, 258

Sphenopterium 44

Sphenotballus, in 39

Spheropezium, re 242

Spirangium, n. 259

Spirifera./ 128,297

Spiriferina, / 133, 29S

PAGE.

Spirigera... 133

Spirophyton, re 39, 259

Spirorbis, to 207, 315

Spirula 178

Spongia 44

Sporangites, to 39, 259

Sporocystis, to 259

Staphylopteris, /. 39, 259

Staurocepbalites, to 315

Staurograptus, to 60

Steganocrinus, to 91, 287

Stellipora, /. 60, 272

Stemmatodus, to 239

Stemmatopteris, /. 259

Stenacanthus, to 239, 322

Stenaster, to 91

Stenopora, /. 60

Stenopterodus, to 322

Stenoschisma, re 133

Stenotheca, /. 142

Stephanocrinus, to... 92, 287

Stereocrinus, m 287

Sternbergia,/ 39

Stictopora, / 101, 293

Stictoporella 293

Stigmaria. /. 40, 259

Stigmarioides, to 40, 259

Stomatopora, / 294

Straparollina, f. 162

Straparollus, to 162, 304

Streblopteria, /. 204

Strephodes 272

Streptaxis, m 163

Streptelasma, re. 61, 245, 272

Streptoceras, a 178

Streptorhynchus, re.. 134, 298
Striatopora, / . . 61, 245, 273

Stricklandia 134

Stricklandinia, f 134, 298

Strigilina 322

Strobiiocystites, to 92

Strobilus 259

Stromatocerium re 61, 261, 273
Strom ntopora, /. .61, 261, 273

Strombodes, m 62, 273

Strophalosia, / 135, 298

Stropbites, to 304

Stropbodonta, / 135, 298

Stropbomena, / 136, 299

Stropbonella, / 299

Strophostylus, to . . 163, 304

Strotocrinus, to 92, 288

Stvlastrea, / 273

Stylifer 163

Styliola./. 300

Subulite-, m 163, 304

Synbathocrinus, m. ..92, 288

Synocladia, /. 101, 294

Syntrielasma, re 138

Syringocrinus, to 92

Syringodendron, re... 40, 259

Syringolites, to 273

Syringopora, / 62, 273

Syringostroma, re 62

Syringotbyris, / . . 138, 299

Syringoxylon, re 40

Taeniaster, m 92, 288

Taeniodue, in 322

334

INDEX OF GENERA.

PAGE.

Taeniophyllum, n 259

Tseniopora, / 101

Taeniopteris, / 40, 259

Talarocrinus, in 288

Tanaodus, in 239

Taonurus, m 259

Taxocrinus, in. 92, 288

Technocrinus, in 92

Teleiocrinus 288

Telephus, m 223

Tellina 204

Tellinomya, / 204, 312

Tellinopsis, J 205

Temnocheilus, n 178

Tentaculites, in .... 142, 300

Terataspis, / 223

Teratichnus, in 309

Terebratula,/...138, 245, 299

TerebratuliUs 139

Termes, in 319

Tetradium, n 62

Tetragraptus, m 62

Textilaria. 261

Thaleops,/. 223

Thallistigma, n 294

Thamniscus, in 101, 294

Thamnograptus, m.. .63, 273

Thamnopora, f 294

Theca,/ 142,300

Thecia, /. ..63

Thecostegites, m 63

Thenaropus, m 242

Theropleura, / 324

Thrinacodue, in 239

Thyrsidium, n 242

PAGE.

Thysanocrinus, m 93

Tomodus, m 322

Trachomatichnus. in. 309

Trachydomia, n 163

Trachypora,/ 63, 273

Trachyum, ...... . .44

Tremanotus 164, 304

Trematis,/. 139, 299

Trematoceras, n 309

Trematocrinus 93

Trematodiscus, m.. .179, 309
Trematopora,/.. . 101,294
Trematospira, f... . .139, 299
Triarthrella, /. ... 223

Triarthrus, m. 223, 319

Trichomanites, m 40

Trichophycus, n 260

Trichospongia, /. 44

Trigonocarpum, n... .40, 260

Trigonodus, m 239, 322

Trigonotreta, / 139

Trimerella,/ 139

Trimerorhachis, /. 324~

Trirnerus . . 223

Trinucleus. m 223,319

Triphyllopteris, /. 260

Triplesia 140, 299

Trochita,/. 164, 304

Trochoceras, ».. . . 179, 309

Trochonema, n 164, 304

Trocholites, m 179, 309

Trochophyllum, ?i41, 260 273

Trochus 164

Troostocrinus, m 288

Tropidoleptus, m 140

PAGE.

Tubipora, / 63

Tuditanus,' m 242, 324

Turbo, m 164, 304

Turbonilla 164

Turritella, / 164, 304

Ulodendron, n 41, 260

Ungulina .... 205

Unto 312

Uphanttenia, /. .41,260,261

Valvulina,/. 261

Vanuxemia, / 205, 312

Vasocrinus, m 93, 288

Vaticinodus, m 323

Venustodus, m 239

Vermipora, /. 63

Vesicularia.'/ 63

Vitulina, / 140

Walchia, f. 41, 260

Walcottia, /. 315

Waldheimia, f. 140

Whittlesey a, '/. 41, 260

Xenocrinus, m 288

Xenoneura, /. 226

Xenopbora, /. 164

Xylobius, m 224

Xystracanthus, m 239

Xystrodus, m 239, 323

Yoldia,/. 205, 312

Zamites, in 41, 260

Zaphrentis, / 63, 245, 273

Zatrachys, n 324

Zeaerinus, m 93, 288

Zonites, m 162

Zygospira, / 140, 499

/^72-