UMASS/AMHERST

312066 0333 2933 6

1

ERICAN

ROSE ANNUAL

192 0

The American RoseSocjety

THE AMERICAN
ROSE ANNUAL

Plate I. New Unnamed American Hardy Everblooming Climbing Rose,
"66 H, 1916." Originated by Capt. George C. Thomas, Jr.

(See page 37)

THE AMERICAN
ROSE ANNUAL

THE 1920 YEAR-BOOK OF
ROSE PROGRESS

Edited fob the American
Robe Society by

J. HORACE McFARLAND

1920
AMERICAN ROSE SOCIETY

EDITOR'S OFFICE
HARRISBURG. PA.

TH£ American Rose Annual is supplied to all mem-
bers of the American Rose Society whose dues are
paid for the current year. Additional copies are sup-
plied to members only at $1 each, postpaid. When sold
separately, the price of the Annual is $2, and includes
annual membership. Members may obtain copies of the
1917, 1918 and 1919 Annuals, so long as in print, at $1
each, and of the 1916 Annual (the first issue), at $2.
Address, E. A. White, Secretary, Ithaca, N. Y.

3Z

Copyright, 1920
By J. Horace McFarland, Editor

The 1921 American Rose Annual vrill be issued in March, 1921

Completely prepared, illustrated and
printed by the

J. HOBAOE MoFABLAND OOMPAITK

JtSennt |^(ui<aRt Press
Harrisburg, Pa.

B OBreetmg

TO THE AMERICAN ROSE
SOCIETY:

THE great task of pioneering and bringing
the land under the plow has, for the most
part, been accomplished. The people of
this nation are no longer content with the
attainment of the three primary necessities —
food, clothing, and shelter. They demand in
addition that the food shall be the product of
many climes; that the clothing shall befit their
station and work; and that the shelter shall not
only provide bodily comforts, but that it shall
be surrounded by trees and shrubs, not alone for
the shade and protection they offer, but for the
pleasure they afford as they express life's great
drama in the passing of the seasons.

No decorative plant has been more closely
identified with the progress of western civilization
than the Rose. It is an insignia alike of joy,
of sorrow, of love, and of war. It is the flower
beloved by all. Certainly those who contribute
in any way to the propagation, development, and
culture of the Rose are adding much to the joys
and beauties of life.

EDWIN T. MEREDITH,

Secretary of Agriculture.
Washington, D. C,

March 5, 1920.

THE AMERICAN ROSE SOCIETY

Organized March 13, 1899

"7^0 increase the general interest in the cultivation and improve
the standard of excellence of the Rose for all peopW""

OFFICERS, 1919-1920

President Robert Pyle

Vice-President F. L. Atkins

Honorary Vice-Presidents E. M. Mills, D.D.

Dr. Robert Huet
E. G. Hill
John Cook

Treasurer Harry O. May

Secretary E. A. White, Ithaca, N. Y.

Executive Committee:

Louis J. Reuter (1920) James Boyd (1922)

Jesse A. Currey (1920) Dr. E. M. Mills (1922)

S. S. Pennock (1920) George H. Peterson (1922)

Wallace R. Pierson (1921) J. Horace McFarland

Robert Simpson (1921) O. P. Beckley
John H. Dunlop (1921)

Publication Committee:
E. A. White Robert Pyle Robert Simpson

Former Presidents:

*WiLLiAM C. Barry F. R. Newbold

Robert Craig Wallace R. Pierson

Benjamin Dorrance August F. Poehlmann

W. H. Elliott Robert Simpson

Adolph Farenwald S. S. Pennock

Alexander Montgomery Benjamin Hammond

MEMBERSHIP

Life Members ($50) and Annual Members ($2) receive all publica-
tions, tickets to all exhibitions, and are entitled to vote at all
meetings.

AflSliated membership can be secured for associations and societies
interested in rose culture, at the rate of $1 per member each year,
receiving in consequence the current American Rose Annual,
supplied through the secretary of the affiliating organization.

Remit, with full address, to E. A. White, Secretary, Ithaca, N. Y.

♦Deceased

EDITOR'S PREFACE

THAT the Rose in America is becoming American in char-
acter as well as in mere plant-growth is the dominating fact
recorded in this, the fifth issue of the American Rose Annual.
It is in no derogation of the great work of European rose-
hybridizers — also recorded with much particularity in the fol-
lowing pages — that this statement is made. England, Ireland,
and Scotland breed admirable roses for Great Britain's humid
and less extreme climatic range; France and Germany produce
roses reasonably right for Europe; and now America is striving
earnestly to grow varieties including all the qualities of those
produced across the Atlantic, plus the reserves of vigor and
endurance necessary for our climate of extremes in temperature
and humidity.

The Rose-Zone Map of the United States, experimentally
determined by the careful experts of the Bureau of Plant In-
dustry in the Federal Department of Agriculture, and first
published in this Annual, is a long step into concrete knowledge
of American rose possibilities, just as the original work of
Dr. Van Fleet and Captain Thomas adds other and very inter-
esting chapters of rose-lore important to all the world as well
as the United States.

Within the hampering space-limits of a pound's mailing
weight, anxious effort has been made to supply the members of
the American Rose Society with freshly gathered information
setting forth rose-progress in all the world as well as in America.
Hearty thanks are due to the kindly and cultured men and
women who have contributed to this purpose, and also apologies
are made to some of them for the contractions necessary by
reason of the space- weight limitation.

It is in consequence of the manifested preference of the mem-
bers of the American Rose Society that much space has been
given to the detailed tabular reports of the National Rose

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6 EDITOR'S PREFACE

Test-Garden and to certain interesting back-yard trials. The
closely accurate list of roses introduced in America, revised to
the month of publication, is presented without apology.

The list of new roses has been prepared with painstaking
care, in order that American rose-lovers may have information
as accurate and up-to-date as possible. The starred descrip-
tions are written from the American Rose Society's OflScial
Record Card as presented on page 112, and attention is sug-
gested to the full information thus provided. Interested mem-
bers can help in perfecting this record system if they will ask
for the necessary cards.

It would be ungracious to fail in acknowledging the courtesy
of Capt. George C. Thomas, Jr., through whose liberality has
been made possible the publishing in this Annual of the unique
color-pictures of his new creations in everblooming hardy
climbing roses.

Particular attention is urged to the expanded "Rose Notes,"
including in this Annual many items of large rose importance,
so handled only because of space limitations. To miss scanning
these pages will be to avoid acquaintance with much valuable
and interesting rose-lore.

Our foreign friends, in England, France, Norway and else-
where, have been most helpful in promoting the comprehen-
siveness of the rose-survey aimed at in this Annual.

The Dedication, by the Federal Secretary of Agriculture,
and President Pyle's inspiring message to the members of the
American Rose Society are especially commended to oiu*
readers.

The Society's members have expressed themselves interest-
ingly, as may be noted on page 77. One of the requests was
for more inclusive advertising of the newer roses. The Editor
refers with confidence to the pages following the text of the
Annual, including only such announcements as can be guaran-
teed with pride.

J. HORACE McFARLAND

Harrisburg, Pa.,

March 15, 1920

CONTENTS

Page
GREETING FROM SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE 3

EDITOR'S PREFACE 5

THE WORK AND AIMS OF THE AMERICAN ROSE SOCIETY

Robert Pyle, President 9

WHAT ARE OLD-FASHIONED ROSES ? Barbara 11

Author of "The Garden of a Commuter's Wife"

ROSE-GROWING AS A RECREATION . Rev. Edmund M. Mills, Litt. D. 17
THE HOME OF THE GLOIRE DE DIJON ROSE . John C. Wister 20

ROSE-BREEDING NOTES FOR 1919 Dr.W. Van Fleet 23

MAKING DR. VAN FLEET'S ROSES AVAILABLE . . The Editor 30

COLONEL ROOSEVELT'S FAVORITE ROSE The Editor 31

THE HARDY EVERBLOOMING CLIMBER . George C. Thomas, Jr. 33

NIGHT-GROWTH OF ROSES A.W. Greeley 40

ROSES IN RAILROAD ECONOMICS Edward G. Riggs 43

ROSES IN NORWAY Thoralf Bryne 45

CAN WE HAVE PLANT PATENTS ? J. Edward Moon 48

GROWING AND SHOWING CLIMBING ROSES . . . A.J. Fish. 51

THE NEW TRAILING ROSE, MAX GRAF W.C. Egan 55

THE STORY OF THE BABY RAMBLERS .... F. L. Mulford 57
EXPERIENCE WITH OWN-ROOT vs. BUDDED ROSES . Wm. P. Bentz 60
A SERIOUS MENACE TO GREENHOUSE ROSES . C. A. Weigel 66
STRAWBERRY ROOT-WORM INJURING ROSES . . J.G. Sanders 69

THE ROSE MIDGE Robert Matheson 71

MORE ABOUT MILDEW L. M. Massey 72

GETTING NEW ROSES FROM ABROAD The Editor 74

THE ROSE-ZONE MAP Department of Agriculture 76

WHAT AMERICAN ROSE SOCIETY MEMBERS WANT . The Editor 77

ROSES IN THE 1920 GARDENING MAGAZINES 80

THREE YEARS OF BACK- YARD BLOOM-RECORD . A. P. Greeley 28
THE IDEALS OF THE WORLD'S ROSE ORIGINATORS .... 90
POTTED ROSES IN SEASON AND OUT OF SEASON . The Editor 95

A HUNDRED MILLION CUT ROSES.? A Symposium 97

THE ROSE CITY— PORTLAND, OREGON . . Compiled from Letters 102

A JUNE DAY IN A GARDEN OF ROSES The Secretary 105

NEW ROSES SCIENTIFICALLY TESTED .... Jesse A. Currey 107

GETTING BETTER ROSE DESCRIPTIONS The Editor 110

NEW ENGLISH ROSES OF 1919 Courtney Page 114

NEW ROSES IN GREAT BRITAIN Herbert L. Wetter n 118

THE BAGATELLE NEW ROSE TRIALS Therese Turbat 122

THE NEW "HILL" ROSES The Editor 125

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CONTENTS

Page
NEW ROSE INTRODUCTIONS IN DETAIL, WITH INDEX . . 126

Great Britain \-26

France 130

United States and Canada . 132

Holland 134

Germany 136

Australia 136

THE NATIONAL ROSE TEST-GARDEN TO DATE . F. L. Mulford 137

THE PORTLAND ANNUAL ROSE SHOW .... Jesse A. Currey 145

ROSE NOTES The Editor and Others 147

A Better Way to Use the Hybrid Rugosas — The Rose-leaf Propagation Experi-
ment, 147; Getting Acquainted with the National Rose Society of England —
Good Fall Bloom in Auburn, N. Y., 148; California as a Source of Roses to
Replace Holland — Who Has the Same Experience? 149; Mrs. Aaron Ward
Reports on Willowmere Roses, 150; Hardy Roses in North Dakota — From
the Home of "La France" — -A Korean Yellow Rose, 151; An Australian "Spring"
Rose Show, 152; Roses in Utah — A Hint from Italy, 153; Rose Importations to
June 30, 1919 — Roses in New Zealand — What Was the Matter with Mr. Mann's
Roses? 154; Rose Potpourri — The Rose- A wakening of Rochester — Why Do
Rose Seeds Germinate So Slowly? 155; Some Own-Root Experiences —
"Never Too Old to Love Roses," 156; Impressions of Rose Los Angeles —
Preserving Cut-Roses, 157; An After-War English Rose-Garden — Getting the
Best of Mildew and Thrip in Texas — Rose-Culture in Oregon, 158; Another
Rose-bug Dope — Rose Thorns as Phonograph Needles — What Roses Do You
Give Away? — The Hardiness of Paul's Carmine Pillar Rose, 159; The Rose-
Zone Map — Specializing in Watering — A New European Red Rose, 160; How to
Prepare a Rose-Jar — Another Northwestern Rose Society — Does the Leopard
Change His Spots? 161; The High Cost of Roses in England — Standard
Roses in America — Candied Rose Petals, 162; Pruning Conrad F. Meyer —
Getting Definite Value from Rose-bloom Records, 163 ; The Story of One Rose —
Rose Beads — Long-Stemmed Roses, 164; Where Roses Produce Food—
The Northern Cherokee Rose — How to Make Rose- Water, 165.

THE WORK OF THE AMERICAN ROSE SOCIETY 166

NEW ROSES REGISTERED IN 1919 166

ROSES INTRODUCED IN AMERICA . . . Charles E. F. Gersdorff 169

INDEX 186

INDEX TO ADVERTISERS 3d cover

LIST OF PLATES Tr..n.n«

liacing page
I. Capt. George C. Thomas, Jr.'s New LTnnamed Hardy Everbloom-
ing Climbing Rose, "66H, 1916" (colored plate) . Frontispiece .

II. Dr. W. Van Fleet, Portrait 9

III. Unnamed Hardy Climbing Rose, Originated by Dr. W. Van Fleet 13

IV. The Chinese Species Rosa viultihracteata 20

V. Rosa Moyesii, the Deep Red Chinese Native Species 24

VI. New Hybrid Rose, "W. M. 5," Originated by Dr. W Van Fleet . 26
VII. New Hybrid Rose, "W. S. 18," Originated by Dr. W. Van Fleet . 31
VIII. New Hardy American Climbing Rose, Dr. Huey. Originated by

Capt. George C. Thomas, Jr. (colored plate) 33

IX to XVI. Nine New Roses Originated by Capt. Thomas in Sections 34 to 39
XVII. New Hardy Everblooming Climbing Rose, "357A, 1916," Ori-
ginated by Capt. Thomas (colored plate) 40

XVIII. The Climbing Rose, Goldfinch, Trained as a Lawn Shrub .... 56

XIX. Montgomery Co.'s New Hybrid Tea Rose, Crusader 105

XX. The Prize- Winning English Roses of 1919 •. . . 112

Copyright, 1919, by K. L. Crandall

Plate II. Dr. W. Van Fleet

Plant Physiologist, Department of Agriculture; originator of American Pillar,

Silver Moon, Dr. W. Van Fleet, Alida Lovett, Sir Thomas Lipton

and many other roses

(See page 23, and Plates III, V, VI, and VII)

The American Rose Annual

The Work and Aims of the American
Rose Society

A MESSAGE TO ITS MEMBERS BY THE
PRESIDENT, ROBERT PYLE

HISTORY, in the American Rose Society, has yet to be made.
Though much has been done by the pioneers who have laid
its foundations, its great work Hes ahead. Upon the foun-
dations laid we must build with vision.

What is this foundation, and what is the vision.?

1. The American Rose Society now includes a growing and
representative membership, both amateur and professional, ex-
ceeding 1,700 in number, and representing all parts of the
United States and much of the world. The work of the Society
is conducted by a group of unselfish rosarians whose loyalty and
ability have been abundantly proven.

2. Carefully planned rose-test gardens have been established
under the oversight of the American Rose Society at Washing-
ton, in cooperation with the Department of Agriculture; at
Ithaca, with Cornell University; and in cooperation with the
Park Departments of Hartford, St. Paul, and Portland (Ore.).
These test-gardens are each under direct charge of a selected
local committee appointed by the American Rose Society. The
reports from Washington and from Portland, published in this
volume, indicate the great value of these gardens.

3. There exists the beginning of a system of affiliated local
rose societies, each holding meetings and arranging lectures and
shows, to arouse wider and more intelligent interest in roses
among all types of people. These organizations profit in the
way of literature, prizes, and supervision by affiliation with the
American Rose Society.

4. A great inducement to membership in the American Rose
Society is the privilege, not otherwise obtainable, of receiving
this book, the American Rose Annual, edited by J. Horace
McFarland. This yearly volume is a noteworthy permanent
record of rose-progress and rose-thought. Mr. McFarland 's in-
dividual contribution of time and interest to the making of this

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10 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

Annual, as a labor of love, is the present high-water mark of
constructive rose-effort.

Thus, with a capable and enthusiastic personnel, with estab-
lished rose- test facilities for every important climatic zone of
America, with a developing equipment for promoting local
organized rose-effort, with the Rose Annual focusing the collec-
tion and distribution of up-to-date rose-information, it is
apparent that the American Rose Society is ready to adequately
serve in promoting a great rose-advance.

Now what is our rose- vision for America.?

Millions of homes throughout this land have not yet sensed
real rose-joy. Upon us is the duty of stimulating in them the
love of roses. Indeed, with the encouraging example of England,
we now know that we can, we must, nationalize the love for roses.

To realize this vision, personal effort is necessary. Therefore,
on behalf of the executive ofl&cers, I urge every member to work
for the accomplishment of the following definite aims :

First: That in every American city with a working park
department, there should be estabhshed a public rose-garden.
(Please write us if your town is interested.)

Second: That we should at least treble in 1920 the number
of local rose societies, and promote the holding, in that year at
least, of ten times as many local rose shows as have heretofore
been held. (If ten people in your community are interested,
please write our Secretary for suggestions.)

Third: That we should provide means to increase largely
the prizes and honoraria available to hybridizers of worthy new
roses, or to anyone making a noteworthy contribution to the
cause of the rose in America. (Rose-lovers with available funds
for this purpose are urged to consult officers of this Society in
reference to plans already formed in this direction.

Fourth, and most important: That we should at least double
our membership within the next year. (Every member would
profit by such increase, for increased income will make possible
the needed publication of an authoritative American rose
manual, and of a complete American rose catalogue.)

Will you not help to realize this vision for American rose-
prosperity by inviting to membership your friends who ought
to be interested?

What Are Old-Fashioned Roses?

By the Author of " The Garden of a Commuter's Wife"

The Editor of the Rose Annual asked this question of The Commuter's Wife,
and whether the following excursion into the Garden of Second Childhood is an
answer, is not for her to say. — "BARBARA."

WHEN talking of women's clothing, old-fashioned may-
mean only day before yesterday, and is a term of the
most withering contempt. With people, however, real
folks, and with flowers, old-fashioned means that they have been
with us until they are thoroughly acclimated, deep rooted in
the soil as well as in our affections, and, by an identity all their
own, have "made good."

Old-fashioned flowers in general have been coming into their
own these last few years, by means of the new blood of hybridiza-
tion that has added many branches and new vigor to what was
originally a dwarf family tree. We speak with affection of the
flowers in the gardens of our grandmothers, but we seldom
realize how few the species that were therein gathered, until we
chance upon some list in one of the careful diaries or letters of
the time, and when it comes to roses — though the rose was the
first flower mentioned in the literature of the Aryan race from
which we have all sprung — the rose as we know it is the result
of an education as careful in its way as that which has produced
any of the wonders of modern times.

When we use the term "old-fashioned roses," therefore, we
vaguely mean certain sorts that our forebears brought with them
from their Old- World gardens, which, being honestly grown on
their own roots, took hold on the less gracious soil of the new
land and became a part of our memory gardens. For the most
part these were June or summer roses, those that bloom but
once during the season, though the exact time may be varied
according to climate and location. Though they have given
place to offspring to which may be traced the best of modern
roses, yet the originals should have a place in every sizable
rose-garden of today, not only as a matter of rose-family
genealogy, but also because their flowers have a positive, if
short-lived, charm.

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12 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

In this group you will find the slender climbing Ayrshires of
English origin, and the Banksias, with small clustered blossoms
of violet fragrance, coming to us from China, via England, some-
thing over a hundred years ago, to make themselves entirely at
home in the charming gardens of the South, from which they
often strayed to naturalize themselves.

Then come the Damask roses, originally from Syria, the
giver of rose-water and attar of roses, and the vigorous founder
of the Hybrid Perpetual type; the China rose, from which the
Noisette and Bourbon types have sprung; the Moss roses, both
common and crested, going from Holland to England about the
time that the Pilgrim Fathers set sail, and believed to be kin of
the Provence rose because of a likeness in perfume. These are
the most beloved of the old-fashioned tribe, because of their
beautifully mossed cups and their general air of exquisite dis-
tinction.

We surely cannot do without the tightly furled cabbage or
Provence rose, that the French grace with the title of the "Rose
of a Hundred Leaves," or the Austrian Briar of southern
Europe that heralds the garden rose season with its wands of
single golden blossoms and picturesquely thorned stalks under
the name of "Harison's Yellow."

The old English sweetbrier, too, cannot be spared, even
though we have its children, the beautiful Penzance hybrids
that bear the names of Amy Robsart, Meg Merrilies, Anne of
Geierstein, Flora Mclvor, and EflSe Dean. We have a native
sweetbrier also that may well be used to carry an echo of the
June rose-garden fragrance up the picturesque, rough hillsides
of the wild garden to hobnob with our precious "true blue
through and through" American laurel.

We are as lacking in indigenous roses as we are in human
inhabitants, even though the native Prairie rose has proved
a useful parent and the Noisette tribe is said to have been at
least American-born, having sprung from a seed of a Musk
rose crossed with a China rose and first grown by Philippe
Noisette, in New Orleans, in 1817, who sent the result to his
brother in France, who further developed it.

No; when your Editor asked the question, "What are old-
fashioned roses.?" I was about to answer it offhand, but, stop-

Plate III. Unnamed Hardy Climbing Rose

{Rosa Wichuraiana X Duchess of Wellington) . Originated by Dr. W. Van Fleet ;

as Photographed in the Editor's Garden

(See page 22)

WHAT ARE OLD-FASHIONED ROSES? 13

ping to think for a moment, and then plunging deep into certain
rose genealogies, I found to my astonishment that, except as
a matter of origin, there are few old-fashioned roses worth
speaking about if we count merely by years, instead of estab-
lished worthiness !

There are very few roses that could stand the test demanded
for the entrance to our American patriotic societies, for to be a
Colonial Dame, Madame Rose must have arrived on the soil
prior to 1750, while the ancestor of a D. A. R. must have been
of fighting age in 1776 ! The Daughters of 1812 could drum up
a few recruits, for the first blush, tea-scented roses came from
China in 1810-12. But the roses that count the most belong to
the last half of the nineteenth century !

Do you realize that in 1867 La France (not then properly
classified) was the first Hybrid Tea rose, and that such wonderful
parent Hybrid Perpetual roses as General Jacqueminot and
Victor Verdier were not developed until after 1850?

Now that necessity, as well as prudence, are to force us to
grow American Roses for America, it is well before we cheer too
loudly and acclaim our ability, to read some accurate, but not
too technical, history of the progress of rose-growing* in Europe,
particularly in England, in order to see exactly what has been
done, and with what results.

With this wealth of experience upon which to build, just
as we colonists had England's civic laws as models, America,
with equal care, should be able to create a type of rose that will
grow for the poor as well as for those who have time and money
to expend — a People's Rose that shall equal the fragrant Gloire
de Dijon roses that climb about the cottage eaves of the Old
Land and enable every humble gardener to compete at the
exhibitions with the lords of the manor. But we must be more
careful in the breeding and keeping stock true than we have been
with our dogs and cattle, for, alack, we are more prone to achieve
than to continue.

Also, the love of roses must enter more universally the hearts
of the men as well as of the women of the country, and they
must not be ashamed to show it as something "unmanly."

*"The Rose," H. B. Ellwanger, and "Roses and Rose-Growing," by Rose G. Kingsley,
are such books.

14 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

My English-born Commuter can never understand why so
many men look askance at him because he carries flowers to
town all the growing season, to give away here and there as he
passes. It seems to me that it would be a very good thing if the
average American business man (labeled "tired," as he often is)
would give half as much energy to rose-growing as he does to
boasting how little coal it takes to run his furnace, to watch-
ing his electric-light meter in winter, and the stock reports,
baseball news, and the thermometer in summer. His soul would
expand and his horizon widen beyond belief, which would relieve
his mental eye-strain and cause the money-grubbing wrinkles
to fade from his tense American face, thus benefiting this too-
well-known human type.

This is a rambling excursion, you say ! Back to the question
— What are the old-fashioned roses ; those that we should plant
in the Garden of Second Childhood?

First come with me into this garden, and let me tell you what
it is, for very few understand. This second childhood, which one
can hardly enter before he is fifty, is not a time of dotage, old
age, and withered hopes, but the land that one may enter when
one has learned to know and love the things that are worth
while and lasting, the simple wholesome things that may be
enjoyed with the zest of youth strengthened by the wisdom of
maturity !

In the Garden of Second Childhood there is no time or room
for experiments, either in its flowers or architecture; every-
thing must be a tried, true friend, a real neighbor, while the
friendliest plot of all holds the roses of the "Has-beens-that-still-
are" type — the Silver Wedding Roses, without a sensationally
catalogued, exploited debutante among them.

Here we find some of the earliest Hybrid Perpetuals : General
Jacqueminot, Alfred Colomb, Beauty of Waltham, Black Prince,
Countess of Oxford, and Fisher Holmes, all glowing reds and
crimsons, with Camille de Rohan and Xavier Olibo (now difficult
to buy) for depth of hue. Of pinks. Magna Charta, Marie
Verdier, Paul Neyron, Gloire de Paris, Silver Queen, and Mrs.
John Laing, with Margaret Dickson and Merveille de Lyon
for a paler tone, and, if you like white outdoor roses, Kaiserin
Angus te Victoria and Frau Karl Druschki.

WHAT ARE OLD-FASHIONED ROSES? 15

Of Hybrid Teas not one is more satisfactory than La France,
the pioneer of the type. Professionals pass it by for newer
varieties, claiming that the color fades quickly in the sun, but
in more than one little tended garden it has proved itself "real
folks," and if on its own roots and planted in deep, heavy loam,
where tree-shadows (not overhead shade) fall on it in early
afternoon, it will make great, 6-foot-high bushes, like a hardy
shrub, and yield endless masses of fragrance. If you don't
believe it, such may be seen any summer on a hilltop garden at
Montmoor, state of New York.

A few Rugosa roses may be admitted. Supposedly a new
type, they entered England in the original form in 1784, being
only seen in white and pink. In 1900, crossed with Gloire de
Dijon, Conrad Ferdinand Meyer was the eldest son of a won-
derful race whose American career has only just begun, together
with that of the Rambler tribe, that, when its scentless, papery
quality has been hybridized away, may produce the American
rose of promise.

But in the Garden of Second Childhood no Crimson Rambler
may enter, for to the Commuter and his wife they represent
merely flaunting, vain heartlessness; for is not fragrance the
heart and soul of a rose.?

Tea roses there are in this garden — really old-fashioned Teas
— that are humored to real hardiness, all varieties of the last
century and all the more lovable for their elusiveness : Souvenir
d'un Ami, Devoniensis, dating back to 1846, Le Pactole,
Safrano, Papa Gontier, Bon Silene, the Cochet family, Perle des
Jardins, and Niphetos, the pointed buds of which, set stiffly
amid heliotrope, and edged with silver paper, figured in our
girlhood bouquets, together with Isabella Sprunt.

The white Bride and pink Bridesmaid of this century are
also favorites and have proven themselves prolific bud-yielders
if partly shaded after the manner of La France. In fact, all
Teas and Hybrid Teas, in this climate of intense sunlight,
should be shielded at some time of day and gathered when in
rather close bud.

In this garden there are also some roses that belong to various
tribes, that have place because they are memories of first
childhood: Souvenir de la Malmaison, a profuse bloomer, an

16 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

exquisite flesh-pink when in bud, but sometimes dubbed "pie-
face" when the flat, many-petaled flowers open; very prone to
lose its head on sHght provocation, yet very lovable for all that ;
old climbers like Baltimore Belle and Queen of the Prairies
and Felicity, with its white clusters.

Then there is the patient pink Hermosa, quite ordinary and
unexciting, but liberal in yield and cherished as being the first
"really own" rose the Commuter's wife possessed as a child,
having been an Easter plant given at Sunday-school.

Of the dainty Polyanthas, Cecile Brunner, and warm-
hearted Marie Pa vie have stood the "worth-while test," but
Clotilde Soupert was long since turned out of this Eden because
she was too lazy to tend and open her buds properly, and, after
much promise, presented dropsical yet constricted blossoms that
blighted instead of bloomed.

The Garden of Second Childhood that I ken so well is
getting over full, so that the gate is closing perforce; and yet,
being an American garden, it guesses that when the time comes
a place will be made therein for a few tried and true American-
bred and -born roses, since already inside the fence Silver Moon
is casting her alluring beams toward Dr. Van Fleet, while
American Pillar, looking out of the corners of her starry eyes,
maintains a discreet and blushing silence !

WHAT IS YOUR FAVORITE ROSE?

"Barbara" tells of roses that strike the chords of remem-
brance for the Editor. Sajrano, Hermosa, Devoniensis, Papa
Gontier, Prince Camille de Rohan, Fisher Holmes — all these
loom, bright in memory. And those she has not mentioned,
of the Editor's early rose-days — Sombreuil, which opened its
buds with a spring, and kept its perfect open flower for a
week; Comtesse Riza du Pare, from the one greenhouse plant
of which there might always be picked a bud for "the one girl!"

Readers of the Annual who are willing to admit to a rose-
experience of a generation of time. What are your roses
of precious memory? Won't you tell the Editor, and let him
tell your rose-friends ?

Outdoor Rose-Growing as a Recreation

By REV. EDMUND M. MILLS, Litt.D., Syracuse, N. Y.

Editor's Note. — If ever there is a university that gives degrees of the spirit
of roses. Dr. Mills will have its signifying letters follow his name, for sm-ely he is
a Doctor of Roses in the finest sense ! To have seen him greeting other grand old
men of the rose; to have attended a meeting of the Sjrracuse Rose Society with
him presiding; to have enjoyed his enjoyment upon such a great rose occasion
as that in Captain Thomas' garden in June, 1919 — these are the criteria that
would warrant such a degree.

Last year Mr. George R. Mann told us why he grew roses instead of playing
golf. Dr. Mills now gives us reason for his rose-love, but he does not mention
the way in which it provides him with energy-renewal as he puts his large district
"over the top" in a world-reaching Centenary campaign, or serves as acting
secretary of the General Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Nor
does he suggest his own proficiency as a swimmer, which would give him
athletic fame did he desire it.

IF THE way a man spends his money is an acid test of what
kind of man he is, then the way he spends his spare time —

the time that he calls his own — not only shows what manner
of man he is, but goes far in determining what he will become.
Our amusements or recreations indicate not only where we are
but also in what direction we are going. The spectators of the
ancient gladiatorial shows became almost as coarse and brutal
and cruel as the contestants themselves. What can be hoped
for from a nation, or from the individuals that compose it, whose
most prized and best patronized sport is bull-fighting?

I assume that everyone needs some kind of recreation.
Hardening of the arteries is no more fatal to physical health
than inability to talk or think of anything but "shop" is to
mental fruitfulness and freshness. He who would have "the
abundant life," if he is wise, must not only cultivate love for
the good and true, but also for the beautiful. Recreations
should nourish "body, soul, and spirit." The ideal recreation
must be inexpensive — that is, within reach of the average man
and woman — capable of enlisting and retaining interest, of
cultivating imagination and sentiment, and have the least
possible attendant dangers.

Some sports are so violent as to be perilous to the body;
others are so frivolous that only imbeciles can have any excuse
for wasting time on them; and still others have such an environ-

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18 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

ment of evil that those who indulge in them put their manners
and morals in jeopardy.

Cowley says, "God the first garden made; and the first city,
Cain !" Bacon also declares, "God Almighty first planted a
garden." There Adam was healthy and happy. The conditions
under which his Maker first placed him must still be favorable
to man's well-being. How many have found in a rose-garden a
hint of the far-off Eden ! The poet who asks or exclaims "What
is so rare as a day in June !" might have been more specific and
inquired, "What is so lovely as a perfect morning in June in a
rose-garden?" It probably was in a rose-garden that Wilber-
force wrote of "Roses, the smiles of God's goodness."

By these standards let us test garden rose-growing as a
recreation. Plenty of moderate outdoor exercise promotes physi-
ca,l well-being. An hour a day through the spring and summer,
digging in the earth and breathing good air, has in many
instances averted a painful and costly visit to a sanitarium.

Many recreations we soon tire of or outgrow, but who ever
knew a real rose-lover to lose his interest in rose-growing .f^
Gladstone and George Eliot and George Bancroft were as ardent
rose-lovers in old age as when "the passion of youth" was upon
them. Gladstone at eighty years of age seldom appeared in
public without his white rose. George Eliot has not only many
references to roses in her writings, but she had them in her heart
and her garden. She it was who wrote: "It never rains roses;
when we want more roses we must plant more trees." The dean
of American amateur rose-growing. Dr. Robert Huey, of Phila-
delphia, probably never vowed before witnesses to love the rose
"till death doth us part," but no earthly divorce court will
sever him from the love of his youth !

I have been writing of outdoor rose-growing by amateurs,
but the law "once a rose-lover always a rose-lover" holds good
of not a few who "make a business" of rose-growing for the
trade. The dean of American professional rose-growers, John
Cook, of Baltimore, and "Our Brother of the Roses," E. Gurney
Hill, of Richmond, Ind., are first of all rose-lovers and will
always be rose-lovers. Some recreations must be abandoned
when the eye grows dim and the step uncertain and slow, but
one can grow roses as long as he can do anything.

ROSE-GROWING AS A RECREATION 19

The by-products of rose-loving and rose-growing are many.
The rose has always been the favorite flower of preachers, poets,
painters, and lovers. Beginning with Luther, whose seal was a
rose, what a host of men like Dean Hole and Henry Ward
Beecher have been votaries of the rose! Where two or three
rose-lovers meet together, you will generally find a "man of the
cloth." It is impossible to name a great poet who has not sung
the praises of the rose. If all the good rose poems of the ages
were gathered in one collection it would make a large library.
A new volume of verse has been put on the market in 1920. The
poet speaks words of truth and soberness when he afl&rms :

"Oh, not a poet lives but knows
The laughing beauty of the rose."

Painters have not been one whit behind poets in their devotion
to the Queen of Flowers. Ever since Adam gave Eve a rose,
lovers have been "telling it with a rose."

But time will fail me to tell of the rose in history, the rose in
romance, the rose in strange customs. For two score and ten
years, nearly, the writer has lived in many parsonage homes,
but his rose-garden has always been his faithful fellow-pilgrim.
And when the days of rest come from active life, please God,
it is his dream, on the shore of that great ocean that "with its
solemn pulses feeds the arteries of the oldest and mightiest of
the nations of the old world," we shall not be divided!

There is nothing outside of Heaven as
beautiful as the rose; and in growing roses the
perjectness oj being is given — so innocent keeps
the heart, so raised and so sweet!

— Miss Jennie Long

(Who grows roses)

A Visit to the Home of the
Gloire de Dijon Rose

By JOHN C. WISTER, Germantown, Philadelphia, Pa.

Editor's Note. — It happens that one of the rose memories — a half -century
old, to be sm"e — of the Editor is of one wonderful Gloire de Dijon rose in his
father's greenhouse, and another great plant outdoors on a sheltered wall, lovely
in its blooming-time. Captain Thomas' article in the 1919 Annual, to which
Mr. Wister refers, renewed these memories, and it will be found, on reference
to page 46 of this Annual, that the same Gloire de Dijon is prized highly in
Norwegian gardens.

Some of the younger rose-lovers may not know this splendid old climbing
Tea rose, which seems to be far hardier than its class indicates. To make
acquaintance with it feasible, the description printed in the Catalogue of the
National Rose Society (of England) for 1917 is here reprinted:

"Gloire de Dijon (T.), Jacotot, 1850. — Buff, or salmon-yellow. Vigorous
climber. Garden, standard, bush, pergola, town, pegging dowTi, wall. A most
useful climbing rose. Very fragrant."

It will thus be noted that this seventy-year old friend is in England given
for about all known rose uses. Might it not prove a valuable parent for some
new climbing roses of the type Captain Thomas has described in this Annual?

THE article, "Wayside Roses in France," by Captain Thomas,
in the 1919 American Rose Annual, delighted me especially,
because I had so many similar experiences, in all parts of
France, during my eighteen months' service in the A.E.F., and
because my first visit to a French garden was to the home of
the famous rose which he found growing on the house of the
station gate-keeper, the Gloire de Dijon.

After two weeks in the steerage of an army transport, and
two weeks of quarantine in a bitterly cold French camp, the
last Sunday of December, 1917, found us in the railroad station
of Dijon, with five hours between trains. As soon as our eyes
lighted upon the sign "Dijon," one of my friends and I made up
our minds to visit the home of the rose, which I had grown and
admired for so many years, but when we started out I was dis-
mayed to find that I had forgotten the originator's name. It
did not occur to us, however, that we would have any trouble
finding such a famous place, until we had, in our very bad
French, asked the way of several shopkeepers. They were very
polite — "Yes, there were nurseries in Dijon; which one did we
want to see ? Roses ? Yes, they all grew roses ! " After getting

(20)

Plate IV. The Chinese Species, Rosa Multibracteata

(Photographed in the Editor's garden)

(See page 24)

THE HOME OF THE GLOIRE DE DIJON 21

these answers in four or five places, we gave it up and began to
search bhndly. Luck was with us, for after walking about
an hour, we turned a corner, and beheld, painted in large letters
on the brick wall of the house opposite, "Jacotot, Horticulteur."
Like a flash, the name I had been trying to remember came
back to me, and we crossed the street, entered the little gate,
and walked toward the house.

The brick walk leading from the gate to the house divided
the little enclosure in half. On the right was a formal rose-garden,
60 or 80 feet wide, and perhaps a hundred long, with little rec-
tangular beds, having standard (tree) roses marking their cor-
ners, and with occasional arches or posts for climbers, these two
types of roses standing out boldly while the dwarfer roses
were mostly hidden with snow. On the left were three green-
houses, about 18 by 50 feet each, and between them and
beyond them, roses and other plants in nursery rows.

Entering the little office, we announced that we were Ameri-
can soldiers, interested in roses, and that we would like to see
the original vine of Gloire de Dijon, which we knew well in
America. A woman, who told us she was Jacotot's daughter,
greeted us, and took us outside and showed us an old climbing
rose, which, however, hardly seemed old enough to be the
original vine, unless it had been pruned so severely as to leave
no trace of old wood. Then she took us into the greenhouses,
which were indeed a pitiable sight. They were of the steep-roof
type, with small glass, houses such as are now but seldom seen
in this country. The framework, and even the doors and
benches were of steel. Owing to fuel restrictions there was no
heat, and the houses were covered with straw mats, so that they
were as dark as a cellar, getting light from the ends only.

One could not imagine a worse place for plants, yet here was
a collection of plants better than one could find in most American
greenhouses. There were a few palms, rubber trees, and other
foliage plants; rhododendrons and azaleas for Easter forcing;
fuchsias and geraniums; a few chrysanthemums, still holding
their faded flowers; pots of bulbs, mostly of narcissi, for Easter
bloom (or earlier, if the warm sun should come in March);
many varieties of ferns, camellias, laurustinus, sweet olive, and
many plants entirely new to me. Most of them, of course, were

22 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

not in top-notch condition, but under the circumstances it was
marvelous that they had been kept ahve at all.

We came away marveling that from this little place could
have come a rose so fine, that, after more than sixty years' trial
in nearly every civilized country in the world, it is still so grown
and loved that it has made a place for itseK which but few other
roses have ever attained.

Since that cold Sunday in December, 1917, I have visited
many other gardens and greenhouses in France, and I know now,
as I did not understand then, that the establishment of
M. Jacotot is typical of the French nursery and florist business.
Possessed of a love for his plants, such as but few American
growers have, the Frenchman prefers to grow a few plants of
many species and varieties, rather than many plants of a few
varieties, and he is content to work all his life on a small place
and hand his small business down to his children, who in their
turn will hand it down to their children. If the business prospers
they may indeed procure a few acres out of the town on which
to grow their larger plants, but the old garden and greenhouse
will go down from generation to generation unchanged, as will
many of the varieties of plants which are being grown. It is
from gardens such as these that we have had, during the past
hundred years, an endless succession of fine varieties of roses,
herbaceous plants, greenhouse plants, fruits, vegetables, and
ornamental trees and shrubs. As our American plant-breeders
make us less and less dependent upon the Old World for our
supply of improved forms of plants, let us not forget that no
small part of their success is due to the improved forms they
have been able to use as parents, forms which we owe to the
Old- World gardeners like Jacotot of Dijon.

THE ROSE IN PLATE III

But to justify the picture shown facing page 13, the Editor
transcribes here the note recorded of it June 28, igig: "Lovely
large flowers, enduring hot sun well, and very double; color
delicate pink, with deeper center and salmon shades. By all
means the finest climber of its type." This yet unnamed rose
was originated by Dr. W. Van Fleet, and is a hybrid between
Rosa Wichuraiana and Duchess of Wellington.

Rose-Breeding Notes for 1919

By DR. W. VAN FLEET
Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.

Editor's Note. — It is not only the inherent interest of these notes, but their
continuity, that gives them unique value. They should be read in connection
with similar notes by Dr. Van Fleet in the Annuals for 1916, 1917, 1918, and
1919, in order to appreciate their relation to world-progress in rose improvement.
A recent comprehensive inquiry addressed to all the important knowp rose-
hybridists has convinced the Editor that Dr. Van Fleet alone is intelligently,
persistently, and scientifically adventiu-ing in the development of the dififerent
and important Chinese native species from which may arise, in earlier or later
succession, the improved hardy garden roses so much needed.

It is no derogation of the efforts of the commercial workers in roses primarily
bred for greenhouse growing, nor of the superb work of Captain Thomas toward
hardy everblooming climbing roses (fully reported and illustrated in this
Annual), to say that Dr. Van Fleet is the present and potential originator of
the varieties which may truly be called "American" roses.

Attention is directed, in illustration of this article, to Plates III, V, VI, and
VII, and to the portrait of this great hybridist, printed as Plate II.

Attention is also directed, in view of Dr. Van Fleet's last paragraph, to
the efforts of the American Rose Society, to suitably arrange for the dis-
semination of the fine new varieties referred to on page 29.

THE past season was far from ideal for rose-breeding. The
blooming period was interrupted by long rains, inter-
spersed with heat-waves that made pollination more than
ordinarily precarious, and, in addition, the rose-chafer, or beetle,
appeared in incredible numbers, destroying foliage and pol-
linated fruits as well as the flowers of many varieties much
desired for breeding. The most trying feature of the season was
the surprising amount of damage caused by the seventeen-year
locust or cicada, which appeared to specialize on the upright
canes of the new Chinese roses for their egg-laying operations,
with consequent splitting of the stems, stunting of growth, and
causing, in no inconsiderable number of cases, their breaking
down and the total loss of hybridized fruits before maturity.
This trouble was to a great extent avoided in the later pollina-
tions by selecting blooms on small and low branches less likely
to be attacked, but the net result of this invasion was a material
loss in the season's work and the total destruction of certain
combinations difficult to secure, which, however, we hope to
again effect in coming years. The seventeen-year locust pest is
not again due in this locality until 1936. The other troubles we

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24 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

always have with us, and full precautions will be taken to
minimize their effects in future work.

Notwithstanding the seasonal difficulties, a very considerable
number of pollinations among the new or little-used species and
rarer varieties have yielded good seeds and may favorably be
heard of in coming years. Best results were had with Rosa
Gentiliana, R. bella, R. Helenoe, R. sertata, R. Jackii, R. omeiensis,
R. banksiopsis, R. saturata, R. Sweginzowii, R. multiflora
cathayensis, R. filipes, and R. multibracteata* all from north or
central China, though quite a number of other varieties from
Asia and western North America matured hybridized fruits or
furnished a few successful pollinations with other species or
varieties. In all these crossings, habit of plant, quality and
season of bloom, and relative hardiness, or disease-resistance,
were taken into account in planning the matings, and in most
cases a variety with superior blooms for its class was used as
seed or pollen parent. It seems reasonable to expect useful
results from this basic work in the way of laying foundations
of future valuable hardy rose strains for America.

Of the new species mentioned, Rosa Gentiliana and R.
HelenoB appear to hold greatest promise. Rosa Gentiliana first
blossomed at Bell Experiment Plot, and possibly in the United
States, in 1918, and more profusely the past spring. It may be
claimed without qualification to be the most attractive wild
climbing rose with white flowers thus far introduced to culti-
vation. The plant is far from hardy in the latitude of Wash-
ington, and will scarcely find really congenial climatic conditions
north of the Carolinas, but has endured three winters at Bell
with varying loss of branches. It is a strong grower during the
warm months, making canes twelve to eighteen feet high in
a remarkably short time. It is not a trailer, and should be given
support on a south wall or other well-protected situation in
cold climates if its full characteristics are to be brought out.
In the milder southern states it should succeed anywhere that
its rambling growth can be supported, and may even naturalize
itself and become a local nuisance, as the Cherokee and Ma-
cartney roses have done along the irrigating ditches and levees
of Louisiana and Texas. The foliage is large, abundant, and

*See Plate IV, facing page 20 for Rosa multibracteata.

Plate V. Rosa Moyesii, the Deep Red Chinese Native Species
(See page 25)

ROSE-BREEDING NOTES FOR 1919 25

glossy, with a peculiar reddish reflex to the under surface of the
leaflets, and the fair-sized snow-white blooms are borne in
spring in such astonishing abundance as to give the plants the
appearance of a veritable snowdrift. The individual flowers
greatly resemble in form, size, and purity the blooms of the large
mock orange, Philadelphus grandiflorus, or, more correctly, P.
inodorus, and have, in addition, a pleasing fragrance that is
lacking in that scentless shrub. They are thickly placed in
large clusters all along the canes and are quite lasting in their
snowdrift effect, as the stamens are few and small and do not
disfigure the older blooms as do those of the white Wichuraiana
and Multiflora varieties. A good crop of deep red hips follow
and retain their bright color well through the winter. Whether
this fine species can be altered for the better by breeding into
it greater hardiness is a problem for the future.

Rosa HelencB is a climbing species of the Musk rose group,
but much hardier than R. Gentiliana, as it thrives vigorously
as far north as the Arnold Arboretum in Boston. The white
blooms are produced in June almost as freely as those of R.
Gentiliana, but are less pure in color-effect, as the abundant
yellow anthers in fading soon mar the clusters. It is, however,
a most desirable wild rose, fitted for culture over a wide area,
and appears to cross almost as readily with other species and
varieties as R. Wichuraiana. One hybrid, R. Helenoe pollinated
with the Tea rose, Isabella Sprunt, has bloomed, giving a pretty,
double white bloom with yellow base, in good-sized clusters.
The plant is a strong, healthy rambler, quite comparable to
Thalia; but something more striking in appearance than this
newcomer will be needed before R. Helence hybrids take a
conspicuous place on the map.

Of the newer species, R. bella and R. multihracteata are most
enticing, the former for its dwarf habit and profusion of bright
cherry-red blooms, and the latter for its fine, distinct foliage
and graceful sprays of late-opening pink flowers. Both are shy
seeders at Bell and reluctant to cross with other roses, but have
matured some hybrid seeds. The latter species is illustrated in
this issue of the Annual, facing page 20.

Of the more familiar species, R. Moyesii must take first place
on account of the superb deep red coloring of its blooms. It

THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

has been termed, in England, where it was first cultivated,
"an epoch-making rose," and in our view it well deserves the
title, as it is the most striking in color-effect of the Oriental wild
roses that has come to notice. It has flowered at Bell four
seasons, and each year deepens the impression of its great
possibilities. The few direct seedlings and hybrids of R. Moyesii
that flowered the past summer have shown no charms greater
than the type, except in the fine cinnamon-red color of the winter
canes in one variety; but the pollen hybrids of R. Moyesii with
R. arkansana, R. canina, R. Engelmannii, R. Fendleri, R.
Malyi, R. rugosa, and R. Wichuraiana open new visions of
beauty in garden roses of the more robust types. Of these the
crosses with R. canina, R. Engelmannii, and R. Wichuraiana
are the most alluring at the present outlook, though further
developments may change this rating. Rosa Wichuraiana X
R. Moyesii was described in the 1919 Rose Annual under the
tentative designation of "W. M. 5." Another season of bloom
confirms our estimate of the value of this novelty. There is
little indication of R. Moyesii in the plant except in the large
black-crimson blooms with deep red filaments, borne in the
greatest profusion in spring and again to a considerable extent
in autumn, followed by large and particularly glossy red fruits.
It is very healthy and hardy, and should make an exceptionally
attractive pillar rose*.

The hybrids of R. canina and R. Moyesii in their second
year show great promise, having a sturdy, arching habit, hand-
some foliage intermediate in form between the parents, and
large, fiery crimson, wide-opened flowers in open sprays near
the tips of the branches. The anthers and stamens are golden
yellow, relieving the blooms from the somber effect seen in the
extreme forms of R. Moyesii, such as the variety sent out in
England under the name of R. Fargesii, in which the filaments
are maroon and the anthers dull red-brown. The flowers of
the R. canina-R. Moyesii blends reflect more light and give a
far more brilliant effect than those of the typical R. Moyesii,
and may in older plants be more freely produced.

The finest of all the R. Moyesii hybrids, from present appear-
ance, are the R. Engelmannii crosses. Five excellent varieties,

♦See Plate, V, opposite, photographed from a plant growing in the Editor's garden.

Plate VI. New Hybrid Rose, "W. M. No. 5" (unnamed Wicliuraiana-Setigera
Hybrid X R. Moycsii). Originated by Dr. W. Van Fleet

(See page 26)

ROSE-BREEDING NOTES FOR 1919 27

differing in brilliancy of tint and habit of plant, have appeared
among the numerous seedlings under way. All were profuse
bloomers at two years from germination, bearing flowers of the
brightest reds imaginable, with conspicuous yellow stamens,
the bloom coming solitary or in pairs in short twigs over the
entire plant. The flowers are large, well-shaped, and lasting,
giving an especially glowing effect against the deep bluish
green foliage, which is in form more like that of R. Moyesii
than that of the seed parent. The succeeding fruits are
pear-shaped and remarkably large, becoming bright orange-
red in maturity. These varieties will probably form strong
clumps of canes five or more feet high in the next year or
two, and, in common with the Dog-Rose hybrids of R. Moyesii,
will readily be propagated by layers, which are already pro-
duced with freedom.

Rosa Engelmannii is a little-known Rocky Mountain wild
rose of neat, erect habit, and bears, in the form under cultivation
at Bell, the most cheerful red flowers of any American species.
All of the other R. Moyesii hybrids show promise for future
development, if not for immediate dissemination. Rosa Moyesii
itself is indispensable in any considerable rose collection, and
will always center attention when in bloom or fruit. It makes the
tallest growth of any non-climbing rose at Bell, the erect canes
reaching eight feet in height in a season, but is not especially
free in the production of its unique and elegant flowers, and, in
addition, is most difficult to propagate, except by grafting on
R. canina and R. Manettii stocks, which seems to render it
short-lived.

We are trying to extend the hybridizations through the
entire range of congenial species and highly developed garden
varieties that do not too greatly conflict in habit and coloring.
Flowers of R. Moyesii and all hybrids yet developed to the
blooming stage are devoid of fragrance, and their charms will
likely continue in the lively coloring and graceful forms. At-
tractive double blooms of the R. Moyesii type are scarcely to be
anticipated, but may eventually come to pass.

Rosa Hugonis continues a difficult subject. While fruiting
with the greatest freedom, few of the very numerous seeds
germinate, whether cross-, self- or chance-pollinated. We have,

28 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

however, about three hundred seedlings under way, the most
desirable from the present outlook being hybrids of R. altaica
and R. hispida, both geographical variants of the Scotch rose,
jR. spinosissima. The ultimate appearance of these newcomers
can only be imagined, as few are more than three years old. If
their growth continues after the general pattern of R. Hugonis,
we may anticipate luxuriant shrubs for hedging and specimen
planting, six to eight feet high, in early spring completely
wreathed with cream-white to canary-yellow flowers nearly
four inches across, and so thickly placed as to touch all over the
branches, being succeeded by glossy, fern-like foliage, and in
August by a profusion of red or black fruits, often of consider-
able size. A few of the hybrids have blooms of deeper yellow
than R. Hugonis, but the larger-flowered varieties run lighter
in color, like their pollen parents. There is considerable differ-
ence in habit, some having comparatively drooping branchlets
and others upright shoots, bearing gorgeous wands of bloom in
their season. These combinations are of iron-clad hardiness,
never losing even a terminal bud from zero weather, and we
appear justified in expecting from them some thoroughly worth-
while early garden varieties.

Hybrids of R. Hugonis with the Rugosa roses develop into
vigorous bushes with rank, green foliage and large, light yellow
or white blooms, double and single, rarely followed by fruits.
While fine and distinct plants, the flowers lack the texture and
finish of the R. Hugonis-R. spinosissima crosses, and must take
second rank. Hybrids of R. Hugonis with rose varieties of the
florist's types, as far as bloomed, bear flowers more curious
than beautiful and often are very poor growers. This may also
be said of the blends of R. Hugonis and the Persian Yellow
varieties, though much was expected from the combination of
these oriental types of hardy yellow roses.

Rosa xanthina, the late Frank N. Meyer's hardy Chinese
yellow rose, is even less encouraging than R. Hugonis. Seedlings
and hybrids give blooms ranging from white to sulphur-yellow,
with an occasional double form having flowers much like
Harison's Yellow, but they show little advance in the type.
The bush, however, is very sturdy, and the young shoots often
have showy, wide, dark red, translucent prickles like certain

ROSE-BREEDING NOTES FOR 1919 29

forms of R. sericea. Let us hope R. xanthina will do better in the
future.

Another seedling of Harison's Yellow has bloomed, the
flowers taking the form of an inferior, semi-double, salmon-pink
Scotch rose, thus carrying out the idea of the preponderance of
R. spinosissima rather than Persian Yellow on the parentage.
The seedling described in the 1919 Annual was very fine this
year, exceeding Harison's Yellow in abundance of bloom and
maturing several fruits, all carefully pollinated with other yellow
varieties. As noted, the color is a shade lighter and the texture
of petal firmer, but in other respects this promising variety
greatly resembles its seed-parent, though more fruitful.

This entire group of hardy Asiatic yellow roses has promise
for the garden, but except by extreme dilution — as in the case
of the R. Pernetiana type of bedding varieties — shows little
tendency to develop the ideal buttercup-yellow continuous-
blooming bush and climbing roses we all desire. When they
materialize, as in all probability they will in the fullness of time,
it will more likely be as mutations or developments of the Tea
and Musk rose groups, though at present these are generally
lacking in hardiness. Possibly the ideal yellow rose may be a
final blend of nearly all the species having yellowish blooms.

The utility of R. Soulieana has been mentioned in previous
notes. While the type of this vigorous, free-blooming member
of the Musk rose group is far from hardy, hybridization with
appropriate species gives progeny highly resistant to cold.
One desirable variety, "W. S. 18,"* was briefly described in 1919
and more than holds our good opinion. Another very dwarf
constant-blooming hybrid has appeared, rivaling the best of
the white-flowered "Baby Ramblers" in continuity, profusion,
and perfection of bloom. The flowers are double, white with
sulphur-yellow base to the petals, and cover the plant through-
out the whole growing season.

Of all species, however, R. Wichuraiana gives the most satis-
factory direct results when pollinated with superior florist's
and bedding roses. Several most attractive new varieties that
should measure up with the best of their class await at Bell
some equitable method of general introduction, and it is likely

*See Plate VII, facing page 31, for " W. S. 18"

30 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

more will follow; but the work here is primarily not in competi-
tion with professional and amateur rosarians in the production
of garden novelties, but in the ultilization of rare and little-
known species in laying the foundation of strains of disease-
resistant and hardy roses adapted for the diverse climatic and
soil conditions of our vast country. Although immediate results
may not be impressive, it is not without hope that development
of these new types will continue, and yield rich rewards as long
as civilization endures.

Making Dr. Van Fleet's Roses Available

By THE EDITOR

AS will be noted on page 29, Dr. Van Fleet speaks of certain
of his productions which are now awaiting a method of
dissemination. The existing plan for sending out the very
many valuable plants largely brought from abroad by the agents
of the Bureau of Plant Industry in the Federal Department of
Agriculture is to list these plants in bulletins which are sent to
all inquirers, and to supply plants, as far as practicable, to
those offering to take charge of them.

This method, which is of tried utility in respect to foreign
introductions, tends on the contrary to slow up the distribution
of a new rose produced in America. With the desire, therefore,
to make available Dr. Van Fleet's superb creations, many
consultations have been had with and much correspondence
has passed between the officials of the Bureau of Plant Industry
and the officers of the American Rose Society. The disposition
of the officials has been altogether that of cooperation, and the
only real obstacle to a satisfactory arrangement has been the
fear, justified by experience, of drastic political criticism based
on a narrow view of Congressional privilege.

That there is very distinct hope of effecting a new and satis-
factory arrangement is made evident by the subjoined letter from
Dr. William A. Taylor, Chief of the Bureau of Plant Industry,
who has jurisdiction under the Secretary of Agriculture :

DearMr.McFarland: Washington, D. C, February 11, 1920

Responding to your recent inquiry regarding the possibility of systematic
cooperation by the American Rose Society in the dissemination of new rose

Plate VII. New Hybrid Rose, "W. S. 18" {Rosa Wichvraiana X R. Sovlieana)
Originated hy Dr. W. Van Fleet

(See page 29)

DR. VAN FLEET'S ROSES 31

varieties which are being developed by the Bureau, particularly in the rose-
breeding work prosecuted by Dr. Walter Van Fleet, I would say that we have
for some time realized that it is very desirable that after the initial tests of
such new varieties have demonstrated their probable value for general planting,
there be developed some organized method through which the public can
readily obtain the new varieties true to name and at reasonable cost.

Theoretically, this could be accomplished by a free distribution by the
Department on a sufficiently large scale to make stock of a new variety avail-
able simultaneously to a large number of rose-growers and nurserymen. In
actual practice, however, it is recognized that the most prompt and eflfective
dissemination comes where a given desirable novelty is vigorously advertised
and given that type of publicity through which the public become promptly
and definitely interested in the variety.

It is, of course, not possible for the Department to enter into any exclusive
disseminating contract, even with such an altruistic and non-commercial
organization as the American Rose Society, but it appears probable that some
plan can be developed through which the Rose Society coxild take an active
part in the general propagation and dissemination of varieties that are ready to
disseminate.

Certain legal questions are involved which will need to be worked out, but
we are hopeful that this can be accomplished in a way that will permit of some
practical cooperative relation with yovu" Society in this matter.

Yours very truly,

WM. A. TAYLOR, Chief of Bureau.

Colonel Roosevelt's Favorite Rose

By THE EDITOR

AS the months go by since Theodore Roosevelt passed from
£\. active participation in the affairs of the land he loved and
served so well, the interest of the American people in every-
thing he said, wrote, or did, seems to increase rather than to
decrease. His vivid personality, his rugged honesty, his love
for the square deal, his willingness to see both sides of a case,
all now loom up much more strongly than they did when he
was in the heat of contest and conflict for the public welfare.
It has seemed to me, a printer and an admirer of Benjamin
Franklin, one of the very greatest Americans, that a curious
similarity exists between the characters of these two great men.
Benjamin Franklin, living two hundred years ago, came of
educated ancestry, as did Theodore Roosevelt. Franklin was an
omnivorous reader and chased knowledge all his long life, being,
therefore, not only a well-informed man of his time, but with

32 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

the deeply prophetic quaUty which we are now coming to
recognize as also characteristic of Theodore Roosevelt, who also
was an extraordinary reader, having probably a greater grasp
on the literature of the world at the time of his death, as well
as a more intimate acquaintance with its governmental meth-
ods and ideals, than any other man of his time. Both were
close observers; both given to frankness; both had a sense of
humor; each did notable and indispensable service to his country.

Upon one of the many memorable visits to the White House
while Roosevelt was President, I saw him take from a vase on
his desk a cluster of beautiful roses and present them graciously
to a lady who was among the callers of the day. The way he
handled these roses, inhaling their fragrance as he passed them
to his friend, convinced me that he loved roses. The story one
of my own intimate associates told me of his absolute familiarity
with every native plant about his home at Sagamore Hill added
to my feeling that while, of course, he loved roses in general,
he probably had a favorite rose.

Application was therefore made to Mrs. Roosevelt as to what
was the Colonel's favorite rose, and her reply, which follows,
will surely be interesting to all rose-lovers :

Dear Mr. McFarland: Sagamore Hill, January 21. 1920

My husband's favorite rose was a very old-fashioned one, which I have found
it impossible to get of late — the Duchesse de Brabant her name is. He associated
it with his mother's garden and mine. In White House days he usually wore
one in the buttonhole of his grey coat — as DeCamp painted him. In the por-
trait, a blue bowl of the same rose is on the table.

Many thanks for the Rose Annual. This countryside can never cease to
mourn Admiral Ward. Yours very sincerely,

EDITH KERMIT ROOSEVELT.

In explanation of Mrs. Roosevelt's last paragraph it ought
to be said that Admiral Aaron Ward, of famous rose memory,
whose memorial was presented in the 1919 American Rose
Annual, was a neighbor of the people who live at Sagamore
Hill, as well as a lifelong friend of the man whom Kipling properly
called "Greatheart."

It is believed that a substantial showing of Duchesse de
Brabant will be made somewhere in the public grounds of
Washington, as a memorial to Colonel Roosevelt. Why not
have a Roosevelt bed in every public rose-garden.?

Platk VIII New American Hardy Climbing Rose, Dr. Htjey

Originated by Capt. George C. Thomas, Jr.

(See page 37)

The Hardy Everblooming Climber

By GEORGE C. THOMAS, Jr.
Author of "The Practical Book of Outdoor Rose-Growing"

Editor's Note. — Captain Thomas has been an important contributor to
the American Rose Annual in each of its four previous issues. His succinct
account, illustrated so fully in color and sepia, of his adventure toward the hardy
everblooming climber for the Middle Atlantic States will be read, therefore, with
greater appreciation. He is doing great service to rose-growing in America.
Secretary White's account of the notable rose-day in June last at Captain
Thomas' magnificent gardens (see page 105) will but add to the interest of the
presentation. Elsewhere (page 107) will be found an account of the Portland
awards to one of the roses mentioned.

IN 1914, when the first edition of "The Practical Book of
Outdoor Rose-Growing" was pubUshed, two facts regarding

the hsts of roses available to the public were most apparent :
First, there were too many varieties offered which were of a
great sameness and many of which were inferior; second, there
was a decided need for one particular type of rose not then pro-
duced.

The book above referred to and its following editions were
designed to answer the first condition above noted by advising
which varieties to procure. To supply the second need was a
much harder proposition, and a brief sketch of the writer's
experiments to this end is the object of this article.

The type of rose needed and constantly asked for was that of
a climber which in the climate of the Middle Atlantic States
and other sections of like conditions would resist the cold of
winter and give a blooming season during the entire summer.

Such a production would be of no use in most parts of Cali-
fornia and the South, where the climbing Teas and Noisettes
already furnished the desired rose; nor would it likely be possible
that it would be of use too far North, because the blooming
season there is shorter and more spread out for existing hardy
climbers. Further, on account of the extreme cold of winter, the
chance of success in the northern sections would be smaller.
Presumably, parts of the Pacific Northwest could also grow
some of the strongest everblooming climbers noted.

The term "hardy everblooming climber" was in reality
a misnomer as applied to the rose world at large, for some

(33)

34 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

climates had it while other climates did not. Indeed, it was
only really needed in the Middle Atlantic States and places with
like conditions, including, however, the centers of American
rose-growing. In the southern part of this section, roses on the
order of Gloire de Dijon and the best of the Hybrid Tea climbers,
given some winter protection, came near fulfilling the require-
ments. There was, however, a very decided and extensive need
for a constant-blooming climbing rose that was hardy in this
one particular district. In the endeavor to breed such a rose,
the limitations of its usefulness, as explained, were thoroughly
understood.

Since 1914, a number of roses have been brought out by
foreign introducers, which, to a small extent, accomplish the
wished-for result, but many more have been bred which are
absolutely worthless, and none were the final word desired. The
climbing sport of Gruss an Teplitz, put out in America, alone
may be said to fulfil the conditions, and this rose is absolutely
indispensable for this purpose.

The experiments carried out by the writer cover a period
from 1912 to the present, with a lapse of two years of war
absence, during which earnest employees carried out carefully
prepared instructions.

With a garden combining everything obtainable — good, bad,
and indifferent — no lack of parents to forefather the new race
was present. The years 1912 and 1913 were spent in experiments
for the best methods of germination and care of the young rose
plant, and the decidedly original departures worked out have
been of the greatest value since that time. During the entire
process of breeding the method followed was one of elimination.
Every variety of climbing rose was used to produce the climbing
quality desired, and every kind of everblooming rose was used
to produce the everblooming quality desired. Not only were
all the newer roses in cultivation tried, but many old and
obsolete varieties were obtained from Europe, some of which
gave very important results. Furthermore, the list tested con-
tained many wild species.

The best varieties of each class of rose were hybridized, and
as soon as a seedling was bred which showed promise, the seed
parent which supplied it was used the following year in greater

Plate IX. New Unnamed Semi-Climbing Rose, "4A"

Originated by Capt. George C. Thomas, Jr., and to be Formally Named at

the 1920 Portland (Oregon) Rose Festival

(See page 35; also page 107)

Plate X. Above, on Right, Unnamed Hardy Everblooming Climbing
Rose "No. 7." (See page 35) Below, Unnamed Everblooming Semi-Climber,
"210A 1915." (Seepage 37). Both Hybridized by Capt. George C.Thomas, Jr.

THE HARDY EVERBLOOMING CLIMBER 35

quantity and the other seed parents of the same class which
produced nothing were ehminated. By this means, a number of
seedhngs were grown which showed improvement. These, in
their turn, were bred with the best seed parents, as noted above,
and also among themselves.

At first, seedlings which were everblooming were noticeably
lacking in growth, and seedlings which were strong in growth
were deficient in everblooming qualities; but gradually, as the
experiment worked out, these deficiencies improved until in such
a rose as "357A-16" the growth attains a height of seven feet
on the young wood, and the blooming season is constant. To a
lesser degree, difficulty was discovered in plants which gave fair
growth and fair blooming qualities but which were deficient in
hardiness; and to still lesser degree, other deficiencies were over-
come.

The result has not yet reached the ultimate perfection which
may be obtained, but the intricate work necessary to sort out
the first crosses from the maze of parents and seedlings is finished,
and although the varieties as listed herein closely approach the
conditions required, they may be still improved by careful
breeding.

In 1914, the first new seedlings of any real promise for the
new race were produced. These were four in number, out of a
total of several thousand, and contained characteristics which
not only stamped them as original, but gave promise that if
used in their turn as parents, they might transmit much better
qualities to their offspring. This they have since done. The
first of these, number "4A," has proved successful in several
amateur gardens, but tried for commercial purposes by nursery-
men in Connecticut, New Jersey, and California, it failed to come
up to their standards and will not be introduced at present. The
picture shows the plant as grown by Dr. J. E. Belville, Ger-
mantown, Philadelphia, on a trellis five feet high in the spring of
1919, the plant having been put out in 1917. It is only a semi-
climber, but if not cut back by pruning it grows to the height
noted and gives at times over one hundred blooms at one period,
while blooming continuously until heavy frost, besides being
very hardy.

Number "7," the second 1914 seedling, of which only the top

36 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

of the plant is shown in the illustration, grows to a height of eight
feet by early fall and gives three to four distinct periods of
bloom during the entire season, with scattering flowers between,
ending up in September with blooms at the top of the growth.
The picture was taken in September, and the plant is on its
own roots. The color of the bloom is bright pink. The variety
has never been tested elsewhere.

Lack of space prevents the showing of many other pictures
which have as distinctive merit as "4A" and "7," but which for
various reasons have not yet passed the final tests necessary to
introduction.

The third of these 1914 crosses is also only a semi-climber,
but found favor in the eyes of Messrs. Bobbink & Atkins,
Rutherford, N. J., and of A. N. Pierson, Inc., of Cromwell,
Conn. It has been named "Bloomfield Abundance," and, as
the illustration shows, is a most prolific bloomer. This rose has
grown to five feet when only thinned in pruning. It blooms con-
stantly from June to heavy frost, and is hardy. The illustration
shows a plant one year after setting out; the color of the flowers
is salmon-pink.

The last of these 1914 seedlings did well enough at Ruther-
ford, N. J., for Bobbink & Atkins to pass upon favorably, and
they are introducing it under the name of "Bloomfield Per-
petual," the descriptive part of the name referring to the con-
tinued blooms from spring to heavy frost, and not to the word
"perpetual" as used in the misleading combination "Hybrid
Perpetual." This is a hedge rose which attains a height of five
feet, and its pruning should only consist of thinning of dead
wood with a necessary cutting off of pods to insure continued
blooming. The perfume resembles that of the lovely Cherokee
rose, as does the bloom. It is hardy.

These four new varieties were the first steps in the work and
are in no way considered as typifying the title of this article;
but they are all absolutely distinct varieties, and the illustrations
should answer the question as to their decorative and distinctive
value.

While these were being tested, many other seedlings were
discarded, and a few new ones of merit, which did not bear on
the principal object sought after, but which had enough indi-

Plate XI. New Hardy Everblooming Hedge Rose, Bloomfield Perpetual
Originated by Capt. George C. Thomas, Jr.

(See page 36)

Plate XII. New Hardy Everblooming Semi-Climbing Rose,

Bloomfield Abundance, Originated by Capt. George C. Thomas, Jr.

(See page 36, and also 108)

Plate XIII. New Hardy Semi-Climbing Rose, "98A, 1916'

Originated by Capt. George C. Thomas, Jr.

(Seepages?)

l»i,ATK XIV. New American Hybrid Tea Rose, |{i.(..)MKIkm) Vhuuhkhh
OriKinuU'd l).y ('ai)l. (icorKC C. I'liDUias, Jr.

riginuU'd l)y ( aj)

vidujility to l)c very vuluiihlc, were kept. Of these, the dark
carmine cHinber naincd after Dr. lluey is heiii^ introduced by
the two growers mentioned. It has been tested for four years,
and is (hstinet as a hir<fe, semi-double, (K'ep red ehmber of one
period of bloom. It is hardy and the color illustration (facing
page 33) portrays its beauty. The name for it, "Dr. lluey,"
was announced at the meetin<f of the Ameri(;an Rosc^ Society
held in the Hloomfield (Jardens on June 4, 1911), when the rose
created great enthusiasm among Ihc^ many experts there,

A number of Hybrid Teas were also bred. Aft(*r repeated
tests, only one was considered as of enough special distinction
to be introduced, and this rose, a red Hybrid Tea named
"Bloomfield Progress," of the color elfect of (Jeneral MacArthur,
is being sent out by the Rutherford firm already not(><l.

In connection with the introduction of our four new roses,
it should be stated that the wood was given, not sold, to the
firms mentioned, with the provision that []\v phuits b(^ sold to
the i)ublic at the i)rice of other jilants of like kind soM by the
same firms, thus insuring the public against llu^ high prices ofl<>n
charged for new varieties. The j)ublic should ap|)reciate the
action of these firms in putting out th(^se varieties in this maimer.

During lJ)b'5 and lOlO olher seedlings were produccMl in our
experiment grounds which wen; all (listin(;t a(lvan<;es.

"210A, 1915," was planted in its present i)osition August,
1918, and th(» |)hotograph was made in June, 1919, with bloom
on the wood of tlu; |)revi<)us year. This variety gives blooms in
sprays and singly throughout th(; entire season, but the height
is restricted to four to five f(;et, although it is hoped it will
increase, and, if budded, should, undoubtedly, be stronger; the
color is cerise-pink. (Se(; IMat<i X, facing page 35.)

"98A, 1910," is so beautiful that, whiU; it does not comv, u|>
to some of the; otlu^rs, it merits (l(^scriJ)tion. The color is a deep
yellow which does not fade, and the foliage is dark green and
glossy. The plant grows to a height of over five feet, but its
bloom is not so continued as the remainder of the class — it gives
a fin(^spring bloom, which continues well through July, but only
scattering flowers are produced in August, and none later. JJud-
ding should imf)rove this rose. (See IMate XI H, facing page 31.)

"OGII, 191(5," as the color illustration (see frontispiece) shows,

38 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

is a large, semi-double, salmon-pink with orange base. The
plant on its own roots grows to a height of eight feet, and
blooms until the middle of September. This rose comes very
close to fulfilling all the required conditions.

As to the three other seedlings to be described, the first of
these is "45X, 1916," the photograph of which was taken in
September, and, if studied carefully, will reveal blooms at the
right, three quarters of the way up the post, and other buds at
the top of the two right-hand canes. This variety is silvery
pink, with a tinge of yellow, and it bloomed until November.
It was grown on its own roots and planted in its present position
in August, 1918.

Number "107, 1916," is another everblooming hardy climber,
and here again the September photograph shows buds at the
top of the canes. The plant is the same age as is "45X, 1916."
The double, salmon-pink flowers come in sprays. The plant
is on its own roots. (See Plate XVI.)

Last, but not least, is given a color photograph of "357A,
1916." The picture was taken in June, when the plant was
something over five feet high. This is the most profuse bloomer
of the lot. On its own roots, it grew, by September, to seven
feet and bloomed constantly until November. One character-
istic of all these varieties is that they bloom more than once on
both young and old wood, and are all hardy in the Philadelphia
climate. (See Plate XVII.)

The next process in order will be testing other seedlings still
further to secure the best. The ones described herein are only a
few of the entire number retained as having distinct merit and
approximately fulfilling the specifications. Arrangements have
been made with Mr. Jesse A. Currey, of Portland, Ore., to test
in the Far West, and it is hoped that in the course of the next
few years the best of these seedlings may be given to the rose
world.*

It should be realized that a hardy everblooming climber
cannot be expected to produce flowers in the profusion of the
climbers of one period of bloom; but these varieties provide

*Captain Thomas writes later as follows: "Since the article was written, the Andorra
Nurseries, of Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa., have taken all the new seedlings for test
and introduction in the East. After the Portland Test-Garden has tested them for Ore-
gon, any which give satisfactory results will be handled in Seattle by the Randall
McLoughlin Co., of that city." — Editor.

Plate XV. New Hardy Everblooming Climbing Rose, "45X, 1916,

Originated by Capt. George C. Thomas, Jr. Photographed in

September, 1919. See Blooms on Right

(See page 38)

Plate XVI. New Hardy Everblooming Climbing Rose, ''107, 1916,"
Originated by Capt. George C. Thomas, Jr. Photographed m
September, 1919. See Buds at Tips of Canes
(See page 38)

THE HARDY EVERBLOOMING CLIMBER 39

enough bloom to give distinct color throughout the entire season
to the climbing section of a garden in the Middle Atlantic States.

There is one difficulty which the producer of new varieties
must overcome in order to get his roses before the public.
Like the writer who must interest the publisher in his story, so
the man with the new rose must interest the nurseryman. The
nurseryman must see a profit before he will undertake the work
of propagating and selling a new variety. As a rule, he also
wants to be the only original introducer of the rose in question.
Under this arrangement, he can work up a large stock and bring
it before the public in his own good time, without competition,
and at his own price. Sometimes a man who overcomes all the
minor difficulties necessary to hybridize and grow a rose which he
considers needed, not to speak of major troubles relating to the
same, has almost the hardest part of the operation before him
in getting his product marketed, for although, after years of
patient effort, with the attendant expense, he secures what he
started out to evolve, his new rose may never be widely grown
if it does not hit the fancy of a nurseryman.

Yet, it is only fair to the nursery firms to say that they must
protect themselves, and see a possible profit in the same way as
any other business man before they take up new varieties
tendered them by amateurs, no matter how enthusiastic the
latter may be. In a way, the public is most to blame, because
the public buys what it considers is best for it, and very often
it is not capable of judging. If the public clamors for Crimson
Rambler, the grower must produce and deliver this rose in
order to do business, even if he knows it is inferior to some other
variety. If he grows a better rose, he may not sell it.

So, perhaps, the experiment of the hardy everblooming
climber, as above outlined, may even in its success be a failure.
In any event, it is hoped that the rough draft of the seven years'
experiment, as herein set forth, may be of interest to the rose
world.

Night- Growth of Roses

By A. W. GREELEY, Williamsport, Pa.

Editor's Note. — Last year's Annual included an article on "Winter Work
with Roses" by a busy newspaper editor, which attracted much attention. This
year the same busy editor gives us another fascinating story, based on his own
novel point of view, and adding interest to the work of the rose amateur who
cares to develop the idea. It it these "different" things which may be done
with roses, more especially by the thoughtful amateur, that give rose-growing
such a high rank as a recreation.

AN interrupted, and therefore incomplete, study of certain
L phases of rose-growth, made during the past summer, points
tentatively to the conclusion that from 60 to 80 per cent of
rose-cane growth is made during the night. The study was
begun with the object of finding the reason for the more favor-
able results obtained by watering rose-beds in the morning,
compared with the relatively unsatisfactory results alleged to
follow evening and night watering of roses. As planned, the
study involved, among other things, the systematic recording
of soil and atmospheric temperatures in two similar beds of
roses, one watered in the morning and the other at night and
the effect of varying application of fertilizers, sprays, etc., but
events made it impossible to carry out the plan in full. How-
ever, certain measurements of rose-cane and bud growth, inci-
dental to the general plan of study, but more or less complete in
themselves, are rather suggestive, and may prove of some little
interest to rosarians in general. These measurements also point
to a possible explanation of the fact that better results follow the
practice of morning watering of roses.

Measiu'ements of cane-growth and bud development were
made of a number of varieties of Hybrid Teas from the middle
of Jime to the first few days in July, including in the list a Lady
Pirrie, a Radiance, and a Killarney Queen. The growth-chart of
a cane of the Lady Pirrie is typical, and the tendencies shown
therein are also reflected in varying degrees in the growth-charts
of the other varieties. All the plants under observation were
vigorous, four-year-old, selected, Multiflora-budded stock, the
beds were standard (Thomas), and the cultivation normal. A
few days before measurements were made, liquid manure was
applied and the beds worked to a depth of three to four inches.

(40)

Plate XVII. New Hardy Everblooming Climbing Rose, "357 A, 1916'

Originated by Capt. George C Thomas, Jr.

(See page 3SJ

NIGHT-GROWTH OF ROSES

41

The measurements were begun with the first appearance of a
tiny bud on the growing cane.

The outstanding and important fact to be deduced from the
Lady Pirrie chart (see below) is that a fraction more than
63 per cent of the cane-growth was made at night, between the
recording hours of 7 p.m. and 7 a.m., leaving a fraction more
than 36 per cent for the total day -growth from June 19 to July 4.
The total growth of the cane, from the appearance of the bud

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until the perfected bud was ready for cutting, was 12^ inches,
of which ^}/2 inches was night-growth, and 4^ inches was
growth registered in the daytime. The greatest single night-
growth, \}/i inches, occurred June 20, following two cloudy days,
with rainfall of 0.71 inch, and following a mean temperature
on June 19 of 78.5° and a mean night temperature of 73°. The
greatest single day-growth, ^ inch, was also registered at this
time, June 20 and June 21.

The Radiance chart of growth, for the same period as that
of the Lady Pirrie, puts even greater emphasis on night-growth,
80 per cent of its growth in this time being made at night.
In nine days out of fourteen, it made no appreciable growth in

42 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

the daytime. The Killarney Queen, on the other hand, made
only 54 per cent of its total growth in the night-time. Never-
theless, every rose under observation made more growth dur-
ing the night than during the day.

Incomplete as are the observations, yet the fact is apparent
that the rose does not sleep at night. It knows no eight-hour
law, and the hours of darkness are the moments of its greatest
building activity. Is it not reasonable, then, to suppose that a
drenching at this time with cold hydrant water, by lowering the
soil and plant temperature, would have a retarding influence
upon plant-growth .f* And would not retarded growth mean,
other things being equal, lowered vitality, resulting in inferior
growth and reduced power of resistance to disease?

The Lady Pirrie chart is interesting from another point of
view. In the 1919 Annual certain charts were published which
tended to show that the optimum condition of rose-bloom occurs
when the temperature ranges between 60° to 85°. The Lady
Pirrie chart tends to confirm this deduction by showing that the
optimum condition for rose-cane growth is likewise dependent
upon this range of temperature. Whenever, as on June 22 and 23,
July 28, 29 and 30, the mercury drops below 60°, the growth-
curve flattens out into a "no-growth" or into a retarded growth
section. Likewise, when the temperature rises above 85° we find
a similar flattening of the curve indicative of retardation and
stoppage of growth. Furthermore, the temperature relation
appears to be so dominant that its influence persists regardless
of the influence of other factors such as sunshine, cloudy days,
and rainfall.

The chart suggests a number of other interesting leads for
speculation, but the data at present is so incomplete that it
would not be wise to draw hard and fast deductions. In fact,
the entire subject of this brief article is presented with some
diffidence and self-distrust, and its suggestive value to other
rosarians is very likely its main merit, if there be any such
quality concealed within its sentences.

Roses in Railroad Economics

By EDWARD G. RIGGS

Executive Assistant, New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad Company

Editor's Note. — On page 86 of the 1918 Annual, mention was made of the
show of Dorothy Perkins roses along a railroad cut near Philadelphia, and the
detail of the work — paid for by Mr. Edward Bok, of the Ladies' Home Journal
— was given. Later information received as to a similar display along the New
Haven railroad line was followed up, with the result of obtaining the subjoined
details. It is hoped that members of the American Rose Society will bring this
article to the attention of other railroad authorities. It is to the courtesy of
Mr. C. H. Bardo, general manager of the New York, New Haven and Hartford
Railroad Company, that we are indebted for the information.

THERE is an esthetic side to the railroad business as well
as a practical side. Attempts to beautify a railroad's right
of way, and to make the landscape pleasant for its patrons,
are evidences of this esthetic side, and the railroads of the country
are beginning to give recognition to it.

In 1909 the Board of Directors of the New York, New Haven
and Hartford Railroad Company, desirous of making some
experiments along this line, appropriated $5,000 for beautify-
ing the cut through which its main line runs at Mount Vernon,
N. Y. This cut extends for several miles, and in places is over
a hundred feet deep. Naturally it was not particularly attrac-
tive to travelers, wherefore it was thought to be good ground for
an experiment of this kind. Those in charge of the work decided
to use climbing or rambler roses as the basis of the improvement.

The work of beautifying was put in charge of C. D. Perkins,
then Division Engineer. The ditches along the track were
concreted, the long, sloping sides of the cut were planted with
Dorothy Perkins roses, and then the whole surface was strewn
with grass seed. The result has been a transformation of this
part of the line. For weeks this spring, travelers passing through
this cut saw the slopes above their heads a mass of pink roses
against a background of greensward . Each year the display grows
more beautiful. Many travelers have wondered where they came
from, thinking perhaps they were wild roses. On all sides have
been heard favorable comment of the scene presented to them.

From time to time, when it has been necessary to do trim-
ming, the company has made many thousands of cuttings, which

(43)

44 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

have been transplanted along the division between Mount
Vernon and South Norwalk, also at frequent intervals beyond.
The roses are planted on both sides of the embankment, at all
suitable places where it is expected they will flourish. It would
be a very difficult matter to estimate the number of rose-cuttings
or cuttings from other shrubbery, as they run well into the tens
of thousands. It may be stated that the roses serve two pur-
poses: First, the beautification of the road; second, the strong
roots of the bushes assist in keeping intact the sides of the cuts.

The cost of the initial setting out of the plants was approxi-
mately $1,700, this including all expenses in connection with
the necessary loam, as well as the plants, which were furnished
by the J. H. Troy Nursery Company, New Rochelle, N. Y.

The company also planted some roses in the cuts east of
Apponaug, R. I., on the New London Division, but these have
not done very well on account of poor soil conditions.

Not content with this, they have, in the last few years,
extended the rose-beds until now they are found at Stamford,
Riverside, Greenwich, Port Chester, and several other places
where the soil has been favorable.

Believing the members of the American Rose Society might
like to know the detail of this later wholesale rose-planting, done
by our own right-of-way force with plants or cuttings made
under the same conditions, Mr. Perkins was asked to outline
the methods used. He replied as follows:

"Our method of preparation for the planting of the rose bushes was of the
simplest.

"Generally speaking, we dug a hole about two feet deep and two feet in
diameter, just below the top of slope in the diflFerent cuts, filling same with top
soil obtained from between top of cut and our right-of-way fences. Of course
you will realize that in some cases this soil was much better than in others.
Generally the subsoil in cuts will not be as favorable in most locations as on the
New York Division, for there it is of a hard-pan formation and tends to hold
moisture, whereas if it was sandy or gravelly, and therefore more porous, it would
not hold the moisture, and pockets would have to be much larger and deeper.

"The cuttings, in most cases, were planted in a bed and allowed to root for
one season, being afterward transplanted. However, we had good success in a
great many instances by planting cuttings directly in these pockets."

It is evident that the appearance of this rambler rose along
the company's right-of-way is much appreciated by the travel-
ing public, as it has from time to time received complimentary
letters from its patrons.

Roses in Norway

By THORALF BRYNE, Stavanger, Norway

Editor's Note. — Cosmopolitan America, with its polyglot people, is inter-
ested in all the world. There are enough from the Norseland to make an account
of roses in Norway worth while; and the following article only emphasizes the
universality of the world-flower, the rose.

THE climate of Norway is often associated with ice and snow
by people living in warmer regions, and certainly we do
have ice-braes and snow-deserts, especially in the northern
part, but it must be remembered that, owing to the extension
of the coastline of Norway, there is a great variation in the
climate of the different parts of "The Land of the Midnight
Sun," ranging from temperate in the south and west to nearly
arctic in the farthest north.

American rosarians may be interested to know that in the
more temperate parts of Norway roses will not only grow but
thrive and give an abundance of perfectly developed blooms.
Two American ladies, on paying a visit to this locality last sum-
mer, exclaimed, when viewing the rows of roses in my nursery
and the bedding roses in my garden, that they had never seen
such large and beautiful roses in America. Whether their judg-
ment would agree with that of expert rosarians in America is
doubtful, but it is not the first time American visitors have told
me the same thing. I think, perhaps, that the secret of the per-
fect development of our individual rose blooms is this — our
moderately warm summers give the blooms more time to un-
fold their petals than where the blooming is hurried on by a hot
sun.

The only winter protection we give our roses here is to hoe up
the soil toward the plants before the cold gets too severe, usually
in December. In sections with more severe winters, an extra
cover of pine-brush or similar material may be desirable, but in
many gardens here nothing whatever is done in the way of
protection, and the hardier Hybrid Perpetuals will generally,
in such unprotected gardens, come through unharmed by frost.
In the spring, when the weather is mild enough, the cover of
soil is taken off and the roses pruned. This operation generally

(45)

46 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

takes place during the month of April, or, in northern and
eastern Norway, in May.

Climbing roses do well in sheltered gardens or where grown
on walls. In the open, on pillars, arches, pergolas, and the like,
in more exposed situations, they grow luxuriantly for several
years or so at a time, being often cut down to the ground in
severe winters. In order to make the culture of climbing roses
more of a success here in Norway, it is necessary to select only
the hardiest varieties of those now in commerce. For this
purpose, I planted, last spring, a collection of about seventy-
five different varieties of climbing roses, in addition to those
previously grown, and hope that a number of these may prove
sufficiently hardy. I cannot help thinking, though, that too
little has been done by our hybridizers to give us climbers
having a hardy constitution. Perhaps it is time for us north-
erners to take the matter in our own hands.

I have found, by years of observation, that the following
climbing roses are the hardiest in our climate: Electa, Rubin,
Mme. Sancy de Parabere, Ayrshire, Ruga, Ruby Queen,
Graf Zeppelin, Thoresbyana. The following will do well in
more sheltered positions: Dorothy Perkins, and its sport,
Excelsa; Sanders' White, American Pillar, Hiawatha, Dr. W.
Van Fleet, Blush and Crimson Rambler, Tausendschon. A
splendid climbing Hybrid Tea is Climbing Mme. Caroline
Testout. This, together, with Gloire de Dijon, Ards Rover,
Reine Marie Henriette, and Mme. Alfred Carriere make an
excellent quintette.

Of garden roses for bedding and cutting purposes, we grow
all the older and more common Hybrid Teas and Hybrid Per-
petuals, together with a sprinkling of the best of the newer
varieties which have found their way to Norway. The favorite
rose here is, undoubtedly, Mme. Caroline Testout. I believe
this rose can hardly be beaten in all-round good qualities. Be-
sides this, there are old acquaintances, as La France, General
Jacqueminot, Fisher Holmes, Frau Karl Druschki, Gruss an
Teplitz, Mrs. John Laing, Ulrich Brunner, Captain Christy,
Viscountess Folkestone, among the commonest in our gardens.
Several of these ought to be replaced by far newer and better
varieties, but we have practically no rose literature and Nor-

ROSES IN NORWAY 47

wegian periodicals treating of roses. It is only through the rose
catalogues of our nurseries that the newer varieties become
known. The standard roses, such as Hugh Dickson, Mme. Abel
Chatenay, General MacArthur, La Tosca, Pharisaer, Mme.
Leon Pain, Lieutenant Chaure, Mme. Ravary, and other good
sorts are found in all the better collections.

Radiance is an excellent rose for outdoor flower-cutting here;
it blooms longest of all the autumn-blooming roses — sometimes,
as last year (1918), up to the middle of December, keeping its
color to the last and opening well in spite of cold, rainy weather
and several frosty nights. Almost as satisfactory is Mme.
Edouard Herriot, a splendid rose for garden decoration and for
cutting. Another good bedding rose, a fine grower, hardy,
floriferous, and clean, is Mrs. Wemyss Quin, the best garden
yellow of all I have tried, including Rayon d'Or and Constance.
As a darker yellow of excellent qualities I must mention Marie
Adelaide de Luxembourg, a real beauty, well worth growing,
but not entirely mildew-proof. The following sorts have also
come up to their high reputation in this climate: Mme. Jules
Bouche, Mrs. Edward Powell, Crimson Emblem, and Ophelia.
The latter is a rose I cannot praise too much, for it blooms per-
fectly in our cool summers. I am intensely interested in the new
Ophelia sports originated in the United States, and also the
sports of Radiance.

On the other hand, rose varieties with too close petalage are
here generally unsatisfactory. For this reason I do not care for
Etoile de France, General-Superior Arnold Janssen, or Willow-
mere. The last-mentioned rose, although much praised, does
not bear sufficient blooms here, and the flowers have such brittle
stems that the heads fall off when shaken.

The Japanese Rugosa Hybrids are as hardy here as anywhere.
This is also true of the Rosa lutea varieties, R. centifolia, and the
Moss roses. Large, old specimen bushes of pink and white
Centifolia and Persian Yellow are to be found in old gardens.
They need no winter protection in this part of Norway, where
we have several large specimens of such trees as Cedrus Lihani,
C. atlantica, and Araucaria imbricata about sixty to seventy
years old, growing and braving the hardest winters.

Tea roses are not well adapted for culture here except Gloire

48 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

de Dijon and its hardy and vigorous race. This rose is, perhaps,
almost as common in our gardens as Mme. CaroHne Testout,
and is the earhest of all to flower. It is usually trained on walls,
but it is also grown as a bush.

I believe roses can be grown farther north in Norway than in
any other country in the world. They are grown in the open
ground under the polar circle and even farther north. This town,
Stavanger, where I have my rose nursery and bud about twenty-
five to fifty thousand roses every year, and sometimes more, is
50 degrees north of the Equator and is about the same latitude
as the southern point of Greenland. Very likely it is the most
northerly rose nursery in the world.

Note. — Apropos to the interesting article above is a note just received from Miss
Carrie Harrison, of Washington, D. C:

"On the fourth of July we were crossing middle Norway, about latitude 63°, that is
three degrees north of Petrograd. At the end of the Sognefjord we came to a little
village called Laerdal, and just outside our hotel window was the most magnificent bush
of Rosa lutea (the Persian Yellow) I ever saw. It was some twelve feet high, and more
than that in diameter. There were thousands of roses — more yellow roses than I ever
saw before of this species.

"In Christiania, about the middle of July, the Moss roses were the most loved and
were abundant."

Can We Have Plant Patents?

By J. EDWARD MOON
President American Association of Nurserymen

Editor's Note. — Complaint is constantly made of the slowness of American
nurserymen to take up good new plants for propagation and sale. Mr. Moon,
himself an active nurseryman in the third generation of successful work, and the
executive of the nurserymen's national organization, here makes answer upon
the situation.

HOW often we hear remarks like this: "If only we had in
the United States plant-breeders like those of Europe —
a Lemoine, a Waterer, or a Dickson!" Then follows a
sweeping condemnation of the nurserymen in a country whose
state and federal agencies are spending millions of dollars to
encourage horticulture and home-ground improvement.

Why are American nurserymen so slow to grow the best of
the plant productions and plant introductions of federal and
other introducers .f* Why are they so indifferent to originating
new plants themselves.'^

CAN WE HAVE PLANT PATENTS? 49

Here is the reason. If you are a manufacturer, before invest-
ing capital in a new article, you look first for the probable
market for the article, and then to the protection you have from
infringing patents or competing brands. Would you invest
much money in manufacturing an article you could not at least
secure with your trade-mark? Would you put an advertising
appropriation back of an unpatented, untrade-marked, un-
secured manufactured article of any kind? I don't think you
would !

If you were an author, wouldn't you insist on a royalty
from the publishers? If a publisher, wouldn't you protect
yourself with a copyright? I think you would !

If you invested your money to produce anything not agri-
cultural, wouldn't you protect yourself, at least, with a registered
trade-mark? Certainly, you would !

If, then, in order to attract and secure capital for the manu-
facture of an article, patents, registered brands, trade-marks,
or copyrights are necessary, how much more necessary is it
to secure similarly the capital one wishes to attract for the
dissemination of a new plant, which may be years in process of
propagation and preparation for market.

Take, for example, the splendid Hugonis rose, introduced
into America through the Arnold Arboretum, and to commerce
principally by the Conard & Jones Co. This company put at
least two years of time and invested considerable money
in building up a stock and in advertising this rose. During all
the time that they were making such preparations to market it,
other nurserymen could readily obtain available material with
which to produce Hugonis roses, in the confident expectation
that when the Conard & Jones Co. began advertising Hugonis
they would sell their quietly assembled Hugonis on a market
built by the Conard & Jones Co.'s advertising, and at lower
prices, if they were so inclined, for they were without adver-
tising expense.

But this is not all. Hugonis was expensively announced by
the Conard & Jones Co., but other nurserymen bought quite as
promptly as did the rose-lovers, and now, within three years of
that rose's introduction, many nurserymen have it, the Conard
& Jones Co. are no longer justified in a large expenditure to

50 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

keep it in American minds, and its dissemination is in conse-
quence actually retarded.

How much better it would have been for plant-lovers if the
laws had permitted and encouraged the sale to the Conard &
Jones Co. or other successful bidder of exclusive propagation
right to this rose for the ordinary patent term of seventeen years,
by the Arnold Arboretum, the Department of Agriculture, or
other original source ! The purchaser could then, with definite
protection to his investment, have afforded a liberal advertising
appropriation to make it known and secure its wide distribution.

The roses would not cost the American public any more,
for quantity production, and a desire to sell the rose would lead
the distributer to maintain a popular price, and the publicity
a nurserymen could afford to expend when given such legal
protection would put a Hugonis rose, or any other similarly
protected plant of merit, in every garden up and down the land
where a place could possibly be found for it.

But this would not be all. The Arnold Arboretum, or other
originator, would have a source of income it does not now have,
and plant-breeders and introducers would have a possibility
that from their experimenting and investment a comfortable
living for themselves and families might be obtained.

Don't condemn the nurseryman when he seems slow to put
new roses or new plants of any kind on the market. Protect
their investments as industries generally are protected by
patents, copyrights, royalties, etc., and the nurserymen of
America will satisfy the desires of the most enthusiastic rosarians
or lovers of plants of any kind with new and rare varieties, to
the limit of the public's capacity for planting them.

In view of the efforts of the American Rose
Society to arrange for the introduction of certain
new roses produced by Dr. Van Fleet, the question
raised by Mr. Moon is important. The Editor
would welcome expressions.

Growing and Showing Climbing Roses

By A. J. FISH, New Bedford, Mass.

Editor's Note. — It is by specializing that success is attained. Mr. Fish has
a passion for climbing roses, and he has been most successful in taking prizes
with his comprehensive exhibits of them. At the great shows of the Massa-
chusetts Horticultural Society he has taken Silver Medals in 1916 and 1919, as
well as similar honors elsewhere. Mr. Fish tells how he grows and how he
shows these newer climbers. (See, also, the article beginning on page 95.)

THE growing of climbing roses for exhibition is a very pleas-
ant hobby. To be successful, you must grow a little better
flowers than the other fellow. If you then pick them right
and set them up well, your hobby is justified.

Culture. — My soil is a sandy loam with a clay undersoil, on
high ground with a slight slope to the east, having good natural
drainage.

The roses are planted ten feet apart, in rows, and each tied
to a stout stake; this is all the support they ever have. By the
time the stake has rotted off, they are a tangled row, entwined
together, holding themselves up on a level about five or six feet
high. Grown this way, every joint will "break" with fiowering
shoots, and the branches will have good length stems, while
those underneath will send up longer ones that are strong
enough to hold up all the flowers they produce.

I do not believe in spading in stable manure when planting,
but put a mulch of it on top of the ground. When the buds are
forming I give them liquid manure dressing, using it weak and
often rather than too strong. Bone-meal, wood-ashes and soot
are also good if applied between times.

I have learned by experience that fall planting is better for
climbers than spring planting. They should be planted as early
in the fall as possible, leaving a considerable number of canes
on the top; the roots will grow fast, and well into the winter,
and there will be some bloom on the old canes the next year.

Pruning and Disbudding. — On the true ramblers that send
up new growth from the roots, cut out the old wood just as soon
as they are done blooming, providing they have enough new
shoots for a good bush for next season. Such ramblers are never
disbudded.

(51)

52 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

Do not prune the climbers that make their new growth on the
plant above ground, unless they get so crowded as to kill the
center of the bush.

As climbing roses seem to have vitality enough to perfect
all the buds formed, producing as large flowers as when dis-
budded, let them all bloom so that the display will be larger.
There is no gain in disbudding.

The Best Varieties. — For exhibition you can use any and all
kinds that bloom early enough. My list contains about thirty-
five, but the season must be exceptionally propitious to get them
all in at the right date. There are some good early bloomers
that are not included in my list. I am adding a few varieties
every year, and hope to have a good collection in time.

Here is the list of climbing roses exhibited in 1919. My dis-
plays were awarded Silver Medals at two shows — Boston
and Newport:

♦Silver Moon, *Dr. W. Van Fleet, *Christine Wright, *Mary Lovett, *Bess
Lovett, *Alida Lovett, *Climbing American Beauty, *Climbing Lady Ashtown,
*Tausendsch6n, May Queen, Ruby Queen, *Baroness von Ittersum, *tSource
d'Or, *Gerbe Rose, *Francois Guillot, *Carmine Pillar, *Le Mexique, *tAmerican
Pillar, Miss Helyett, Wedding Bells, Edwin Lonsdale, *Goldfincli, *Oriole,
Prof. C. S. Sargent, *Electra, Sanders' White Rambler, Climbing Clotilde
Soupert, Wm. C. Egan, Climbing La France, Robert Craig, Petit Louis, *Trier,
Jersey Beauty, Schiller, and Dawn.

How and When to Pick, and Keeping Qualities. — Roses for
exhibition should be picked early in the morning, before the
sun shines on them, and with as long stems as possible. As a
rule, a rose in full bloom is not suitable for showing, as it will
not stand up through the exhibit. As buds are not allowable,
the flowers must be just about half blown, so they will open
enough by the time of judging. There is a great difference in
the keeping qualities of different varieties, wherefore the ex-
hibitor should know the peculiarities of every kind he grows.
Some can be picked a day ahead of the show, if in the right
condition, and put in water in a cool, dark place; others may be
left on the bush until the morning of the exhibition, even if they
are full blown. For instance, the flowers of Baroness von Itter-
sum, used at Boston and Newport, had been fully open for a

♦Those starred are the best for exhibition.

tAmerican Pillar and Source d'Or are not always early enough.

GROWING AND SHOWING CLIMBING ROSES 53

week before the show, yet they stood two days without drop-
ping a petal.

The general belief that a double rose keeps better than a
single one does not always hold, for one of the best keepers is
the single American Pillar. The double yellow climber, Prof.
C. S. Sargent, will stand up after it has been open several days,
while Source d'Or (also a double yellow) does not keep as well,
even if picked in a less advanced state than the Sargent. Wm. C.
Egan should be picked early in the morning, when the buds are
just opening, to stand up through the show; on the other hand.
Climbing Clotilde Soupert, with its hard, globular buds, has
to be forced with liquid manure beforehand to get it to open
enough to exhibit. The large, single Silver Moon is a better
keeper than a good many of the double varieties, and so on
through the whole list. You should know them as parents do
their children.

Packing and Carrying to Exhibit. — Florists' corrugated boxes
are good carriers for the flowers, as they are light in weight,
and, when emptied, can be knocked down and brought home
flat to use again. Put some tissue paper in the bottom of the
box, commence with the hardiest buds and flowers at bottom,
then cover with oiled paper, then another layer of flowers and
so on. Fill the box full enough to ride well without crushing
when cover is on.

Put all of each variety together, so that when you open up
they can be put into the receptacles with one handling. If
jammed, give the flowers a little shake to straighten out the
petals.

Getting Ready for the Show. — Indeed, roses look better picked
and set up well than on the bushes. They also cover more table
space than anyone would think before they are picked, especially
if not crowded — crowding ruins your display.

When the time of the exhibition comes, fill out the entry
blank and send to the secretary of the show as early as possible,
so the committee can have your place all ready for you, as they
are always very busy the morning of the exhibit. Do not blame
the judges if you do not take the first prize; they go by the
rules in the schedule the same as you have to. Probably your
handling could be improved. A friend of mine spent over one

54 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

hour setting up five sprays in a vase because the stems were
weak and crooked, and then it did not suit him. That vase
took first prize, however.

The Art of Setting up an Exhibit, and Arranging the Color
Scheme. — Some exhibitors learn to set up very quickly, while
others make a long job of it. Some do not seem to ever get the
knack of doing it. Some exhibits have an indefinable something
about them that carries them through, while others with just
as good flowers lack it, and do not win out.

Use the longest stems for the back rows, and work down to
the shortest ones in front. Do not have too many sprays to a
vase; three sprays seems to be about right. Do not crowd
the vases.

There are more varieties in white and pink including a com-
bination of the two colors, than of other colors. These two
colors are always harmonious, and you can take care of the
different reds if you have plenty of white ones to intersperse.

There are really fewer colors that clash among climbing roses
than in the bush roses. The Blue Rambler is the worst, and
should only be used when surrounded by white, or, what is still
better, set up by itself as a novelty. Hauff, a variety interme-
diate in color between Blue Rambler and Crimson Rambler,
should not be exhibited.

Among the reds. Baroness von Ittersum is by far the best in
sight, being a clean color, semi-double, with ruffled petals — a
very taking variety. Ards Rover is of good color, and an early
bloomer, with poor stems generally.

After all the flowers are in water, change them around until
you get a good effect. To sum up, grow as good flowers as you
can, set up to the best of your ability, and take your chance. If
beaten, come back again and try until you win.

ROSE NOTES

The short articles printed under this beading,
beginyiing on page H7, are altogether worth Jull
attention. Length is not necessarily a criterion
oj value in rose-lore.

The New Trailing Rose, Max Graf

By W. C. EGAN, Highland Park, 111.

Editor's Note. — If there is a garden or a gardener in the whole wide world
more interesting than Egandale and its genius, Mr. W. C. Egan, that fact ought
to be made known. But should such a marvel be imcovered, Mr. Egan and
his doings would stUl remain unique. No one who has the good fortune to enter
this lake-shore paradise of green things, maintained by love against a winter
climate of polar intensity, can fail to count the visit as a memorable event.
Mr. Egan has produced pictm-es, broad and great toward the shimmering lake,
intimate and dainty in the nooks with ferns and shade-loving woods plants, and
brilliant and gay against the varied greens of a host of evergreens and deciduous
trees which he has conducted to their stately maturity. His observations are acute,
and his determinations as frank as they are accurate. It is the Editor's sorrow
that he cannot show the rose-lovers of the American Rose Society the good man
himself as he stood near the superb spread of the rose he has here all too briefly
described. (Mr. Bowditch has, by the way, registered this rose; see page 166.)

ONCE in a while the energies of bird and insect join forces
and a stray seed is dropped in fertile soil, producing in due
time a plant that is new to the world. This is called a
"chance seedling." Its parentage is always a matter of con-
jecture. The proximity of kindred plants may help the guess,
and a strong resemblance in leaf, flower, or habit of growth to
either of them may help the matter still more.

Such a chance seedling is the trailing rose, Max Graf, which
was discovered by the foreman, Mr. Graf, in the nursery at
Pomfret Center, Conn., owned by Mr. James H. Bowditch. In
the nursery were growing several species of roses, including
R. rugosa, R. setigera, and R. Wichuraiana. Mr. Bowditch writes
that the "most likely crosses are R. Wichuraiana and R. setigera,
or R. Wichuraiana and R. rugosa."

My guess is that the honor belongs to the two latter. The
foliage strongly resembles that of the Wichuraiana, at the same
time having suggestions of the ruggedness of the Rugosa foliage,
while the flower is a good pink, resembling the pink form of the
true Rugosa. The leaves are nearly as glossy as Dawson's rose.
Lady Duncan — a straight hybrid of Rugosa and Wichuraiana —
but not so large, while the flower is almost identical with those
of the Dawson hybrid.

Max Graf is a profuse June bloomer, some belated flowers
appearing during July. But if this rose had never a flower on

(55)

56

THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

it, it would take place as a most handsome ground-cover, be-
cause of its foliage of a rich dark green, unblemished by mil-
dew, black-spot, or kindred ailments. No leaf-eating insect has
yet discovered my plants, and I certainly will not advertise
their presence to the bugs !

These qualities explain why Max Graf is admirably adapted
for a ground-cover or for hanging over steep banks or stone

walls. Further, and import-
antly, it is reliably hardy with-
out winter protection, even here
at Egandale. It may also be
used as a climber, reaching a
height of ten or more feet,
though, as stated, it is essenti-
ally a trailing rose. Mr. Bow-
ditch writes that he has "a large
plant about ten feet high grow-
ing on a red cedar post with
side branches, making a thick,
handsome bush with long shoots,
that might easily be put up
another five or even ten feet, ap-
parently." In established plant-
ings, young canes emanating from the base rise up some eigh-
teen or twenty inches for light, and then, arching over, lie
prostrate upon their brethren. The growth is rapid and
vigorous.

This rose does not produce seed, which means that its splen-
didly rich appearance is not disfigured with more or less dis-
reputable seed-pods. Also, it has so far, unfortunately, escaped
the propagating nurseryman. Perhaps this note about it will
wake up some one or more of them.

Fig. 1.

Foliage of new trailing rose,
Max Graf

PLATE XVIII, OPPOSITE

These photographs, supplied by Mr. E. K. Butler, of Jamaica
Plain, Mass., show an excellent way of using a climbing rose as
a prominent and attractive lawn object. The winter view suf-
ficiently suggests the scheme, one which the Editor has found
to work well with several vigorous climbers.

-' '^ ' i '^'"^^ •...■-■ -':^ '^-i^Mftm^m^^^ .■

'i' ■'' •

»^; . ■

'.ri ■'*

i4-^. -,■ __y#<».. t*

-.. ■-'-. .«r B*. . . i-,-" -,- Igi ■ F^ '

o

"S.s

S '3

The Story of the Baby Ramblers

By F. L. MULFORD
Horticulturist, Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.

Editor's Note. — Visitors to the National Rose Test-Garden at Arlington
(Washington, D. C.) will remember the continuous beauty of the cluster-flowered
dwarf roses there in considerable quantity and in many varieties. Mr. Mulford,
who has charge of the Test-Garden, tells of these satisfactory and effective roses.

THE group of roses known generally in America as "Baby
Ramblers," in England as "Pompon Roses," and improperly
as "Dwarf Polyanthas," is a comparatively new one whose
value has not yet been generally recognized. In England they
are often spoken of as "Daisy Roses," while in this country the
names "Fairy Rose" and "Baby Rose" are sometimes applied.

The name "Polyantha" is not properly applicable to these
roses, which are generally hybrids of Rosa multiflora with R.
chinensis or with various Hybrid Perpetual varieties. The
dominant parent is therefore closely akin to Crimson Rambler,
itself a natural variation of R. multiflora cathayensis. The
name R. polyantha is a confusing trade name, probably hitched
on because Carriere first described some of these bushy hybrids
as Polyantha varieties in Revue Horticole in 1884.

It was Robert Fortune, the English plant collector, whose
years of travel in China and Japan resulted in the introduction
into Europeof many worth-while plants, who, about 1865, brought
home some of these Baby Ramblers from Japan. The French
growers seem to have obtained from them the first satisfactory
hybrids about 1884. Our yet most important American writer
on the rose, the late H. B. EUwanger, mentions, in the 1892
edition of "The Rose," that "the French rosarians appear to be
getting some satisfactory results by artificial crossing with
Teas and similar roses, as in the varieties 'Paquerette,' raised
by Guillot fils, and 'Anne-Marie de Montravel,' raised by
Rambaux and Dubreuil." In that year he saw a promising
seedling at Lyons that was later introduced as Cecile Brunner,
yet one of the best.

If the value of these roses was appreciated, they would be
much more widely grown than at present. They are persistent
bloomers through a long period; and their dwarf habit adapts

(57)

58 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

them well for bedding or border purposes. They succeed well
in the South, and also as far north as the Hybrid Teas do well.
They vary considerably in height, such varieties as Orleans,
Triomphe Orleanais, and R. polyantha grandiflora reaching a
height of three feet, while many of the other varieties grow but
little more than a foot high. In a climate with a rainfall of
thirty-six inches distributed well through the season, they should
have sufficient bloom at all times to be very attractive, and most
of the season they would be a mass of color.

Most of the varieties show the dominant parentage by flow-
ering in clusters like the Multiflora climbers, although Tip-Top
and Gruss an Aachen have much larger blooms, borne singly or
almost so, their habit of bloom more nearly approaching that
of the Tea rose, Isabella Sprunt, than the Polyantha type. The
color of the group ranges from white through pink to the crim-
son of Crimson Rambler. A few varieties are said to have yellow
flowers, but in most seasons the yellow tint is so fleeting as not
to be noted except in the opening buds.

The greatest weakness of this group is the tendency of many
of the varieties to lose much of their foliage in midsummer.
Like the climbing roses of Multiflora parentage, the leaves and
young buds are somewhat subject to mildew, and, under un-
favorable conditions, the leaves are subject to black-spot in the
same manner as are many of the Hybrid Teas. These troubles,
however, may be easily kept in check by the usual remedies.

Baby Ramblers should be pruned each spring by removing
the old wood. It is probably best to remove all the wood except
the past season's growth. The tips of the previous season's
growth may be shortened back if desired. The more pruning,
the more new growth from near the base of the plant. The most
satisfactory results are probably obtained by not shortening in
the past year's growth further than to remove any adhering
hips or seed-pods.

It is difficult to suggest varieties, as so much depends on
personal taste. Among the white ones, Katharina Zeimet,
Schneekopf, Yvonne Rabier, Marie Pa vie, and Paquerette are
all good. Marie Pa vie holds its foliage among the best; Schnee-
kopf has rather larger flowers than the others mentioned, and
holds its foliage well; it is an excellent variety; Gruss an Aachen

THE STORY OF THE BABY RAMBLERS 59

bears its flowers singly, has splendid foliage, and its blossoms are
tinged with a little yellow and pink under favorable conditions;
it does not produce the mass eflPect of the other varieties, but is
a lovely rose.

Among the varieties with more or less pink in them are Baby
Tausendschon, Cecile Brunner, Pink Soupert, Mrs. W. H. Cut-
bush, Ellen Poulsen, Baby Dorothy, ^nnchen Miiller. Of these,
Mrs. W. H. Cutbush and Baby Dorothy probably hold their
foliage the best of any. Tip-Top is one of the handsomest of the
Baby Ramblers; its blooms are rather large, the petals beauti-
fully crimped and white, with a broad margin of clear pink. It
is not as floriferous as many others, and its growth relatively
weak, not attaining a height of more than about eighteen inches.
The foliage is also small, which helps to give the plant an under-
nourished appearance.

Among the dark-flowered varieties are Mme. Jules Gouch-
ault. Baby Rambler, Erna Teschendorff, Triomphe Orleanais,
and Orleans. Of these Triomphe Orleanais is probably the
most satisfactory. Its blossoms are of the clearest and brightest
red, borne in abundance all through the season. The foliage is
the best of this group. Orleans is also good.

Two single red roses with white eyes are Rodhatte and Baby
Tom. Both are very promising.

In addition to the named varieties or hybrids of these roses,
seed of the species may often be purchased. Flowering plants
suitable for edging may readily be grown from this seed, the
plants, under favorable conditions, blooming in ten weeks from
the date of sowing.

Like other roses, the Baby Ramblers do best with clean culti-
vation, but otherwise they require a minimum of attention.
They respond, however, to liberal feeding with continuous
bloom, from the time the Tea and Hybrid Tea roses begin to
bloom in the spring until freezing weather comes in the fall.

For borders or edgings in a rose-garden, or where formal
lines of blooming plants are desired, the Baby Rambler roses
are admirable. No rose-garden of a hundred bushes is complete
without some of these varieties.

A Five- Years' Experience with Own-
Roots vs. Budded Roses

By WM. P. BENTZ, Philadelphia, Pa.

Editor's Note. — With the desire to give fullest expression to detail find-
ings of thoughtful experiments, this article is presented. Mr. Bentz speaks for
his climate and conditions. Mr. Greeley touches the subject on page 82, and
another friend gives his point of view on page 156. Will others tell also their
experiences?

THERE is always a difference of opinion regarding the
growing of roses in different localities. A certain grower
in the vicinity of New York or Philadelphia, for example,
may tell us that Constance, Mme. Melanie Soupert, or Joseph
Hill are weak growers and are liable to be winter-killed, although
in California or in the southern states they may grow quite
vigorously. A grower in South Carolina may be very success-
ful with Teas or Hybrid Teas on their own roots, but he could
not expect a purchaser in Massachusetts to have the same
success. Therefore it seems to me that when we read the
opinions of the different rose-lovers we must realize that they
refer chiefly to a particular locality and often do not apply to
other sections of the country.

My rose-growing has been on a very modest scale. I have
only about two hundred plants, but each one of them has a
distinct personality. Tags or labels are not necessary; I know
each one and have tried to study its likes and dislikes, its weak-
nesses and its strong points — its "psychology," in other words.
My experience is nothing compared with the experiences of such
great rosarians as Dr. Robert Huey and Capt. George C.
Thomas, of my own locality, who have thousands of plants and
who have made such an exhaustive and scientific study of this
delightful hobby. My little experience, however, may be help-
ful to amateurs who do not employ professional gardeners, but
who, like myself, care for their plants themselves; for them I have
recorded my experience with own-root and budded roses.

I am located on the Pennsylvania Main Line, about twenty
miles west of Philadelphia, on the brow of a hill overlooking the
five-mile-wide Chester Valley and Valley Forge, whose bleak-
ness is traditional, and we receive the full benefit of the biting

(60)

OWN-ROOT VS. BUDDED ROSES 61

north winds. My natural soil is hard yellow clay; at least two-
thirds of it is shale rock. To dig with a spade is impossible, and
my rose-beds have had to be dug inch by inch with a pick.
Therefore, I do not consider that I have an ideal spot for roses.
In the matter of winter protection I have tried to be sensible
and not make my plants tender by coddling them; nor do I
expose them unnecessarily to the sharp winter winds.

Having read for several years much of the controversy regard-
ing "own-root and budded roses," and possessing that typical
American "I'm from Missouri" spirit, I decided to find out for
myself, although I believe I learned more in favor of the "own-
root" than the other class of plants. In the fall of 1914 I made
four beds, exactly alike: two for "own-roots" and two for
"budded plants." I ordered roses from five different growers and
advocates of "own -root" plants in different parts of the country,
and from six growers of "budded stock," four in the United
States and two in Europe. Some of them were ordered in the
fall and the rest the following spring, as I found there was also
a difference of opinion as to the most favorable season for
planting.

Of the "own-roots," eighteen out of thirty succumbed the
first winter (1914-15), eight of them being Teas, six Hybrid
Teas, and four Hybrid Perpetuals. Of twenty-six budded (on
Manetti and Brier) plants I lost four — Hugo Roller, Joseph
Hill, Lady Hillingdon, and Robert Huey, all being rather
susceptible to extreme cold. The following spring (1915) I
put in twenty -four more "own-roots," ten of them being three-
year-old plants recommended by a certain firm as having special
merit, and for which I paid considerably more than for two-
year-old budded plants of the same varieties. Five of this plant-
ing did not even survive that summer — two Duchess of Welling-
tons, two Lady Hillingdons, and one Harry Kirk — while three
others of the previous fall planting were gone before the summer
was over. Of the budded plants set out that spring I lost seven
out of a planting of twenty-eight, but this loss was to some
extent my own fault. These plants were part of an order of
one dozen purchased from a very reliable firm, which sends out
its roses in pots, with roots curled up into a tight ball, and, in
most cases, with growth already started. It was a hot, dry day

62 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

early in May when I planted them, and I foolishly tried to
separate the roots and spread them out so that they could get
some food, — an impossible task, — and as a consequence seven
of them sooner or later went the "way of the just." Since that
time, when obliged to buy pot-grown roses (which is just as
infrequently as possible), I am careful not to disturb the roots
or the earth around them, but set the whole mould in the ground
and take my chances on the roots getting their nourishment.
I still have about two dozen plants of this kind, but they are
not doing so well as those whose roots have had freer access to
the source of their existence. The majority of these are on
Manetti stock, but a few, I believe, are on Canina or Brier
roots. I recently dug up a plant, originally potted, which was
set out in 1917 without disturbing the roots, and I found very
few little shoots which had found their way outside of the original
ball of earth, and the main roots were still in a tight coil.

The next fall (1915), on the advice of Capt. George C.
Thomas, I ordered all my roses from a firm in the northern part
of New Jersey, which buds entirely on Japanese Multiflora
stock, and out of twenty-eight plants I did not lose a single one
the following winter, although four of my previously planted
"own-roots" had been winter-killed. The next spring (1916)
I got forty more "own-root" plants, one and two year old, and
put most of them in a specially constructed bed composed of
the richest garden soil. I ordered only the strongest growing
varieties, such as Radiance, Lady Alice Stanley, Duchess of
Wellington, Mme. Jules Bouche, and Wm. R. Smith, and a
few of them are still giving a fairly good account of themselves.
At the same time I ordered fifteen more from Ireland, four of
which refused to show a leaf. The failure of this planting I
attributed to the long shipment, made especially long that year
on account of the war. The next fall (1916) I added twenty-four
more plants, all budded on Multiflora, from the American firm
just mentioned, and only one died — lona Herdman, a very weak
grower at best.

In the spring of 1917 I gave "own roots" a final trial, pur-
chasing about thirty of the most vigorous-growing varieties
obtainable, as well as a number of climbers. I made some new
beds and added twenty-six more budded plants, all on Multi-

OWN-ROOT VS. BUDDED ROSES

63

flora, with the exception of Los Angeles, which was budded, I
understand, on Ragged Robin stock, and is doing very well,
although the same rose, acquired since, budded on Multiflora,
seems to be a better bloomer. Realizing that it took "own roots"
longer to develop than budded plants, I had decided to wait until
1917 before making any bloom comparisons, but the difference
in blooming quality that season was so great that I felt real pity
for my poor little "own-root" plants, many of which, instead
of giving an abundance of bloom, as were their comparatively
giant sisters in the adjoining beds, were just about making a
struggle for existence. A very few, such as Lady Roberts,
Radiance, and Mme. Jules Bouche, compared favorably in
blooming quality with my budded plants, though not nearly so
vigorous in growth, and the flower-stems were often weak. It
is true, however, that some of the most beautiful blooms for
form and color I have cut from "own-root" plants, although it
has often taken the strength of the entire plant to produce those
one or two perfect blooms. Here is a partial bloom record for
the year 1917, all plants having had at least one previous bloom-
ing season, some of the "own roots" being three years old when
planted in the spring of 1915. When two or more plants of the
same kind are recorded, the number represents the average,
omitting the fractions. I did not disbud, but recorded every
bloom; this accounts for the large July bloom on some varieties.

1917

BLOOM-RECORD

Number
of Plants

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Observation

Variety

pi
d

"3

d

2
2

X

3
3
3
4
2

X

3

4
5
2

4

5

8
3

X

3

"3

d

"3

d

"3

d

"3

3
2
2
4
2
9.

2
1
1
2
0
2
2
1
1
1

1

4
2
1
2

1
4
2
4
1

General MacArthur ....
Duchess of Wellington . .
Jonkheer J. L. Mock . .
Lady Alice Stanley ....
Lady Hillingdon

6
6
3
4
5
5
10
4
2
5

3
2
2
3
2
4
2
5
4
4

6

7
4
5

8
6
7
5
6

7
10
4
7
6
10
6
9
7
7

4

X
X

4
3
5

X

4
3

7

5
9
3

8

14

10

5

3

12

6

14

5

9

8

18

14

6

4

15

u

a

o

£

o
iz;

3
D

1
2
3
4
D
4
2
2

4
6
3
4

6
3
3

5
3

6
9
4

7
4
5

1
3
1
91

Mme. Edouard Herriot .
Mme. Jules Bouch6 ....
Ophelia

4
5
6
5

Abbreviations: O.R., Own Root; M.B., Manetti or Brier; Mult., Multiflora; s, No
Blooms; D, Dead.

64 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

While this Hst gives but few varieties, it is enough to show the
relative blooming ability of the different kinds of plants. Some
of those which bloomed the best on their own roots were Lady
Roberts, Wm. R. Smith, and Grossherzog Friedrich, but I did
not have these varieties in budded stock, and could not include
them in the comparison.

In the 1918 Rose Annual is an article by Mr. A. P. Greeley,
of Washington, D. C, whose roses I notice are principally on
their own roots. While he is less than 150 miles farther south
than I am, I should think that his climate would be more
favorable to "own roots" than mine. But look at his bloom
record : Duchess of Wellington for the entire season, 13 blooms ;
Radiance 17; Willowmere, 9; Mme. Leon Pain, 5; and Pharisaer,
5. My own "own-root" record is much the same, but almost any
of my plants budded on Multiflora will give as many blooms in
a single month, and good blooms, too. [See page 82. — Editor.]

In the fall of 1917 I purchased all of my plants from the
American firm already mentioned (all budded on seedling Multi-
flora) and have continued to do so ever since. My losses of these
plants have been so slight that I have not kept a record since
1918. Those that have winter-killed, or have died back from
one cause or another, have usually been such varieties as Con-
stance, lona Herdman, Queen Mary, and Mme. Melanie
Soupert, while out of over one hundred and fifty "own-root"
plants purchased in three years I have less than three dozen at
the present time. My "own-root" losses have not all been the
result of winter-killing, although that has been the chief cause.
Many of them, after having been in for two seasons, have looked
so sickly that I have pulled them up and thrown them away.
Four successive planting seasons I tried Duchess of Wellington
on its own roots, planting sixteen in all, and not one of them
lived over the second year; of eleven budded plants of the
same variety (eight on Multiflora) I have lost only one, and
that was from root-gall. The others are the most vigorous-
growing plants in my garden. Of course, I believe there are
varieties difficult to establish, even on budded stock. Three
times I ordered Robert Huey from Ireland and lost every one.
In the fall of 1918 I bought some American-grown plants on
Multiflora and they are doing very well. I also have had

OWN-ROOT VS. BUDDED ROSES 65

difficulty in establishing Mme. Melanie Soupert, lona Herdman,
and Constance, even on Multiflora.

I would not say that "own roots" are more susceptible to
disease than budded plants, but it does seem to me that when
disease attacks them they are less able to withstand its ravages
and give up the fight more easily. Suckering seems to be a
point much spoken of as a drawback to budded plants. I have
frequently found Manetti and Brier suckers, sometimes to a
dangerous degree, especially on Holland-grown plants, a few of
which I still have; but on over one hundred and fifty American
field-grown plants on Multiflora Japonica, some of which I
have had for four years, I have yet to find my first sucker.
These comparisons refer only to outdoor culture of Teas and
Hybrid Teas. When it comes to climbers, especially those of
Wichuraiana blood, I believe that "own roots" are decidedly
the better, for I cannot see how their vigor can be improved by
putting them on another stock. I have about twenty different
varieties of climbers, and almost all of them are on their own
roots. For greenhouse culture I believe that the professional
florists prefer own-root plants, but of course growing roses under
glass is a different art altogether.

I realize that certain rootstocks flourish better in one kind
of soil than another, and this may also be true of "own roots."
My soil probably is not suited for them, but I have traveled
around my section of the country — in fact, have gone right to
the establishments of the "own-root" growers — in the hope that
I might see a model "own-root" garden which could compare
with such gardens as those of Dr. Robert Huey, Capt. George
C. Thomas, Dreer's Test-Garden, or the beautiful formal gar-
den of Bobbink & Atkins, and have been sadly disappointed.

My conclusion, therefore, at least so far as this locality is
concerned, is that Teas and Hybrid Teas on their own roots are
not generally a success, and that budded plants with their roots
curled and cramped in pots are little better. My preference is
most decidedly in favor of field-grown American stock, budded
on seedling Japanese Multiflora (until a better stock is dis-
covered), and planted in the fall.

A New Pest of Roses in Greenhouses

EDITOR'S PREFACE

Two statements follow, both of an authoritative nature, concerning a new
bug-bother for growers of roses under glass. The bother for the greenhouse
men is new, but the bug itself is an old outdoor offender which has seemingly
just discovered that roses indoors taste better, both root and leaf, than straw-
berry roots and leaves outdoors. As there is no certainty that Paria canella
may not discover a liking for outdoor roses, it is well for our garden friends to
be on the alert. It is an obvious suggestion that the use of soil from strawberry
beds be avoided in preparing outdoor rose-beds.

The Editor calls especial attention to the offer of aid by Mr. Weigel, and to
Dr. Sanders' expressions of regret that so many growers fail to avail themselves
of state and Federal agencies of aid, maintained by taxation, and anxious to be of
service. Every member of the American Rose Society is urged to use such
resources freely in the public interest.

Thanks are due to Dr. Sanders, through whose courtesy are presented the
accurate drawings showing this mean little beetle and his beginning as well as
his dirty work. The drawings are based on photographs by Mr. Weigel, and on
specimens in the office of the Pennsylvania Bureau of Plant Industry.

A Serious Menace to Greenhouse Roses

By C. A. WEIGEL, Collaborator

Bureau of Entomology, United States Department of Agriculture,
Washington, D. C.

DURING the past summer simultaneous reports were
received by the Office of Greenhouse Insect Investigations,
Bureau of Entomology, concerning two widely separated
occurrences of an insect injuring roses in greenhouses. The
specimens which accompanied these reports were found to be
the adult of the strawberry root-worm or leaf-beetle, Paria
canella Fab. This native pest has been long recognized as a
serious enemy of strawberries and raspberries, and occasionally
of the apple, crab-apple, juniper, and several other plants.
It has, however, hitherto not been authentically reported as
injurious to roses grown in greenhouses.

Since these preliminary reports were received a careful survey
has been inaugurated in order to establish its exact status under
greenhouse conditions. As a result, we have recently secured
positive evidence that this insect is now of prime importance to
many of the commercial rose-growers of the United States. At
present it is causing much anxiety in several of the largest rose-

(66)

A NEW PEST OF ROSES 67

growing establishments, and in some cases has practically ruined
their entire stock. While one or two florists report that they have
had experience with this pest for several years, the authentic
records indicate that it has been exceptionally injurious during
the last two seasons, only. As a result of this information the
Bureau of Entomology has immediately taken up the matter with
all of the State Entomologists, soliciting their cooperation by
furnishing any data relative to its status. This article is written,
at the request of the Editor of the American Rose Annual,
primarily for the purpose of bringing this matter to the timely
attention of the rose interests of the country.

It is most remarkable that a pest long known to both the wild
and cultivated strawberries should suddenly change its feeding
habit by adapting itself to a new host, as
the rose plant, which is grown under
entirely different conditions.

Nature of the Injury. — The damage to
rose foliage is caused mainly by the full-
grown beetle, and does not differ materi-
ally from the injury done to the straw-
berry. The entire foliage is badly per-
forated and ragged, presenting a shot-hole
appearance (Fig. 2) as a result of their
voracious feeding. These more or less
rounded holes, which vary in size and Fig. 2. Rose foliage infested

1 1 4. J.I. xl- J. 4.1, with strawberry root-worm.

shape, are so close together that the

plants look as though loads of shot had been fired into the
foliage at short range. The beetles show a marked preference
for the new and young shoots, which they badly scar by
their peculiar manner of feeding, giving them a very unsightly
appearance. Ultimately, the entire growth is badly stunted
from the gradual killing of the affected parts, thereby reducing
their commercial value.

Description. — The full-grown, adult beetle (Fig. 3) is about
one-eighth inch long, and oval in shape. It is quite variable in
color, so that several colored varieties are known, ranging from
wholly black to yellowish brown, but ordinarily it has four spots
on the wing covers. The common variety is brown in general
color, with black markings. The entire insect is highly polished.

68

THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

Fig. 3. On left, larva or grub, and on right,
mature beetle of the strawberry root-worm
(Paria canella Fa.h.) . The figures are much en-
larged; the beetle is about one-eighth inch in
length. The grub feeds on the roots of roses in
greenhouses, and the beetle on their leaves.

and the wing-covers are ornamented with longitudinal rows of
minute pits.

The larva (Fig. 3) or grub is about the same size, and when
full grown it resembles a white grub, the same as is found under
sod, except in size. They are found close to the surface of the

ground, feeding on the roots
of the rose plants.

When the larva is full
grown, transformation takes
place within a smooth-
walled cell which is con-
structed in the soil for that
purpose. Finally, it emerges
as the full-grown beetle, the
female of which lays the
eggs for the future genera-
tion. As far as is now
known, the adults hibernate
under mulch or other con-
venient shelter during the winter months. It has been noticed
by the florists who have reported damage that the beetles put in
their first appearance about the latter part of May, or early in
June, and reach their maximum numbers during July. Their
feeding may continue throughout the month of August or even
later. There may be several broods annually under glass.

The beetles are rarely seen, and have never been observed
feeding during the brighter hours of the day. Occasionally they
may be collected in dead or dried and curled-up leaves, or under
debris among the surface soil. Beginning at dusk and extending
to the early morning hours, they may readily be observed feeding
on the plants. On being disturbed they play "possum."

Control Recommendations. — In the preliminary control experi-
ments conducted by the writer, with the assistance of E. L.
Chambers, of the Federal Bureau of Entomology, it was found
that the arsenicals or stomach poisons, which are ordinarily
employed to control leaf-eating insects of this type, were quite
ineffective.

The best results thus far obtained were by the use of hydro-
cyanic-acid gas against the adult beetles. Until further prog-

A NEW PEST OF ROSES 69

ress has been made in the hfe-history studies and habits of this
new rose-pest in greenhouses, it is recommended to fumigate
at night only with the above gas, using two ounces of sodium
cyanide for every thousand cubic feet of space which is to be
fumigated, and giving exposure of two hours. The destruction of
the adults at this time should forestall a recurrence the following
spring and summer, since a very large percentage of the females
are killed many months prior to the normal time of egg-laying.
Incidentally, as the insects occur in their maximum numbers
during June and July, the above treatments fit in conveniently
in normal cultural methods.

Growers are also advised not to bring sod or soil into their
houses in which strawberries or raspberries, either wild or
cultivated, have been growing, because the larva or grub stage
occurs in the soil, and such soil is very likely to be the source of
an infestation in the greenhouses.

The Bureau of Entomology is now actively engaged in a
thorough study of the life-history, habits, and the best means of
controlling this new rose-pest. It is therefore requested that all
specimens of a suspicious nature, or which may conform with
the above description, be immediately mailed to the writer for
examination, addressed as at the head of this article.

Strawberry Root-Worm Injuring
Greenhouse Roses

By J. G. SANDERS
Director Pennsylvania Bureau of Plant Industry, Harrisburg, Pa.

Certain Pennsylvania rose-growers have suffered heavy losses
of greenhouse roses caused by the attacks of the so-called
strawberry root- worm, which has transferred its attentions
from native outdoor plants to tender roots and foliage of roses
growing under glass.

In the Philadelphia district especially severe losses have
occurred during the past three to four years, and various
mechanical means for capturing and killing the beetles have been
employed, but with poor results, and at considerable expense
for hand-labor.

70 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

The wonder is that these growers are content to use anti-
quated insect-control methods, and to suffer continued losses,
rather than to ask of their state or Government agricultural
officials advice and aid in control methods, which are often well
known to the expert, and quite satisfactory when properly
applied. The entomologists are interested at all times in reports
of serious damage by pests, and they will generally do all they
can to control the marauders.

This new rose-pest must be studied carefully from every
standpoint of its various life-stages, and the most vulnerable
stage determined in order to plan control methods. The writer
believes that the grub or larval stage, which destroys the roots,
and perhaps the pupal stage, will be found more available for
control under modern cultural methods than other stages. Soil
fumigation, or drenching with tobacco water, or this in combina-
tion with some soluble chemical, may be found most advisable.
Only by carrying out careful and extensive tests will the best
remedy be found.

Fumigation of the houses at night with cyanide to kill the
adult beetles is advisable only when the house construction is
very good, and where overhead space is limited. Fumigation
with tobacco gives no results. Soil treatment with tobacco
water, or with cyanide, or other solutions, may prove effective
in killing the underground stages, and tests will be made.

One grower seems to think that the beetles become more
abundant in those houses where the roses are permitted to dry
out during the resting period, but careful observations will be
needed to verify this statement.

The Pennsylvania Bureau of Plant Industry has made
arrangements for cooperative investigations of this rose
root-worm with the United States Bureau of Entomology.
Investigations are now under way in the Philadelphia district,
and every effort will be made to circumvent the new pest.
Mr. C. A. Weigel's article describes and discusses the several
stages of the pest and its principal damage to the plants.
The writer similarly proffers his services in consideration of any
suspected insects and will be glad to be advised of experiences
with damage or control.

The Rose Midge

By ROBERT MATHESON
Assistant Professor of Economic Entomology, Cornell University

Editor's Note. — A recent extensive and complete bulletin of the United
States Department of Agriculture (Bulletin No. 778), on the treatment of the
rose midge, one of the mean little bugs that bother roses in greenhouses, has been
condensed and summarized for us by Professor Matheson, to the end that its
conclusions may be easily available to members of the American Rose Society.
It should be noted that while this pest primarily attacks roses under glass, it
has the same possibility and probably the same disposition as the strawberry
root- worm to do business outdoors. Information concerning it, therefore, is
worth while to the outdoor amateur as well as to the grower of roses indoors.

THE rose midge (Dasyneura rhodophaga) is a small fly closely
related to and resembling the Hessian fly, a serious pest of
wheat. This insect has become widely distributed through-
out the country and is a serious pest in the production of roses
under glass. It also attacks roses grown in the open. In a recent
publication (Bulletin 778, United States Department of Agri-
culture) there appears a summarized account of this pest and
the brief outline presented herewith is largely drawn from this
source.

Life History. — The fly is a small midge measuring about one-
twenty-fifth inch in length. It is brownish in general color, and
may be seen in rose-houses at almost any season of the year.
However, it is most abundant in the spring and early summer
months. The female deposits her small yellowish eggs just under
the sepals of the flower-buds or between the folded leaves of
the leaf -buds.

The eggs hatch in about two days. The young maggots feed
on the buds, sucking out the sap, thereby causing the buds to
dry up and die. The maggots mature in about a week. The full-
grown larvae are about one-twelfth of an inch in length and are
reddish in color. They leave the buds and, entering the ground,
construct small silken cocoons in which they pupate. The adults
emerge in about five to seven days and within a very short time
begin depositing eggs for a new brood. The entire length of the
life cycle is from two to three weeks, so that there are many
broods each year. The usual seasons of severe outbreaks are
from May to July and September to December.

(71)

72 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

Food-plants. — This midge is restricted apparently to the rose
plant. Among roses it seems to prefer the Hybrid Teas. The
following varieties have been recorded as seriously injured by
this pest: Radiance, Hadley, Mrs. Charles Russell, Killarney,
Ophelia, Hoosier Beauty, Mrs. George Shawyer, Milady,
American Beauty, Uncle John, Joseph Hill, Miss Kate Moul-
ton. Bridesmaid, Liberty, Richmond, Mrs. John Laing, Meteor,
Mme. Abel Chatenay, Ivory, Golden Gate, Souvenir of Woot-
ton. La France, and a sport of the latter, the Duchess of Albany.

Control. — Under greenhouse conditions this pest can be
controlled by the following methods, if practised with any degree
of care. When the midge is abundant, the ground in the rose-
houses should be covered with a one-fourth to one-half-inch
layer of tobacco dust and the houses given nightly fumigation
with nicotine papers or volatile nicotine preparations. These
can be easily obtained from dealers in insecticides and full
directions for their use will be found on the packages. If the
infestation is severe, the nightly fumigation should be continued
for about two weeks or until no flies are found. Then the houses
should be fumigated every other night for another ten days.
By such methods all the flies should be killed before they can
deposit eggs. After the houses have been rid of the pest, care
should be exercised so that no infested plants are again intro-
duced. One infested plant will serve as a center and in a very
short time the whole cleaning-up process will have to be gone
over again.

More About Mildew and Other
Fungous Troubles

Reported by THE EDITOR

THE greater the prevalence of rose-growing, the greater
the interest in growing them to success, and, consequently,
in combating or preventing the recurrence of mildew and
other fungous troubles. In previous issues of the American Rose
Annual, the history and control suggestions, so far as these have
been determined for all fungous diseases, have been presented.

MILDEW AND OTHER FUNGOUS TROUBLES 73

Unfortunately, the scientific study of these pathological con-
ditions, instituted several years ago by the American Rose
Society, was discontinued for want of funds, and it still remains
a fact that despite the considerable number of plant pathologists
employed by the various state governments and the Federal
Government, no one of them has had opportunity to work to a
complete finish the control possibilities for fungous diseases.

During 1919, V. M. Johnson, of North Vancouver, British
Columbia, propounded certain queries in regard to mildew
which the Editor referred to Dr. L. M. Massey, who has done
such excellent work in rose pathology. These questions and
their answers illuminate the situation in respect to mildew
sufiiciently to here present.

The questions are given under number, with the answers
just below each:

1. Is mildew prevalent on roses all over the world.'* If not,
in what climates is it most troublesome?

Ans.: Mildew occurs wherever roses are grown.

2. Do roses in light soils suffer more than those in heavy
soils?

Ans.: Experimental data are not at hand to definitely answer this question,
but it is my opinion that the lightness of the soil, within the limits conducive
to normal growth, has no effect upon the prevalence and severity of mildew.

3. Is drought at root an established reason for mildew? If so,

why do some varieties get the disease while others in the same

bed are untouched?

Ans.: Mildew is caused by a fungus. Nothing is known concerning drought
at root being a contributing factor — it is not "an established reason for mildew."
Difference in susceptibility, and the fact that some plants escape the disease,
may account for some varieties not having the disease even though growing in a
bed with diseased plants.

4. Does overhead watering induce mildew, or, on the con-
trary, does the continual washing of the leaves tend to clean off
the spores?

Ans.: Moist conditions, as brought about by overhead watering, are
favorable for mildew. Continuous washing of the leaves might remove some
spores from them, but it is very probable that a sufficient number would be
lodged among the hairs on the leaf to initiate infection, after which the disease
would flom-ish. No experimental data are at hand.

5. Does suppressed mildew conduce to black-spot?

Ans.: Mildew and black-spot are caused by two distinct organisms (fungi).
One does not conduce to the other.

74 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

6. I would like to see a really reliable list of mildew-proof
roses.

Ans.: I know of no mildew-proof roses, as established by reliable experi-
ments.

7. Are cold nights or cold winds responsible?

Ans.: Cold nights and cold winds may be contributing factors, but the real
cause, as you know, is a fungus. Winds and drafts carry the spores, and it is
possible that a chilled plant is more susceptible, although there is no experi-
mental work to substantiate this supposition.

Ramblers and other climbers which are generally held to be very susceptible
to mildew will be found to suffer less severely from the disease when grown away
from walls so that they have free air-exposure. This is explained on the basis
of moisture relations, the air drying the plants quickly. Fungus spores, like
seeds of higher plants, require moisture to germinate, and it is characteristic
of most fimgi that they flourish under moist conditions.

Are you acquainted with results obtained in the control of mildew and
black-spot through the use of sulfur-lead dust.' These results were published in
the 1918 Annual of the American Rose Society.

Getting New Roses from Abroad

By THE EDITOR

IN the Annual of 1919 there was printed an article "Where
Are Our Roses Coming From.''" in which the whole situation

as to available rose plants in America was discussed, figures
being presented to show the importations to the end of June,
1918. There was also printed a letter from the Chairman of the
Federal Horticultural Board, Dr. C. L. Marlatt, making a
statement as to the probable method under which interested
amateurs could obtain new roses from abroad.

Much has happened since the publication of Dr. Marlatt's
letter last year. Federal Quarantine No. 37 was in force after
June 1, 1919. This quarantine order prohibits the importation
of all "finished" rose plants from abroad, save under special
permit and for special purposes. It permits the importation of
stocks for rose propagation.

The Editor has believed, and yet believes, that a very impor-
tant part of American rose-growing is the importation and test-
ing, under varied conditions and by many persons, of the roses
originated abroad. Barely 5 per cent of the garden roses of to-

GETTING NEW ROSES FROM ABROAD 7.5

day are of American origin, and while, as the successive issues
of this Annual will witness, there is a very important stimulation
of American origination proceeding, it is yet a fact that the
great foreign rosarians are producing, and will continue to
produce, new roses which it is most important for the United
States to avail of.

Particularly is this situation made the more critical and
difficult in the presence of the fact that European growers are
now presenting new varieties, many of which had been produced
during the war, but which could not be described or disseminated
in the troublous years of the great fight. The review elsewhere
given, which it is believed is quite complete, shows the available
foreign roses and gives the best available descriptions of them.
Many seem well worth trial in America. (See page 113.)

Much correspondence has been had with the Federal Horti-
cultural Board, with the aim of securing some modification
which would make it relatively easy for interested American
amateurs to obtain such foreign roses for testing as were deemed
desirable. The situation as it stands at the issuance of this
Annual is apparent in the following statement furnished by the
Pathologist in Charge of Foreign Plant Quarantines, which may
be accepted as authoritative:

How TO Import New or Unavailable Roses

An amateur who wishes to import, under Quarantine 37, Regulation 14,
small lots of new varieties of roses or of varieties not available in the United
States should proceed as follows:

(1) Secure from the Federal Horticultural Board, Washington, D. C, a
copy of the regulations and their explanatory circulars and an application blank
for a special permit.

(2) Fill out the application blank, giving all the information required
therein, designating specifically the varieties desired, and forward it to the
Federal Horticultiu-al Board.

(3) After receiving the permit, execute the bond which is sent with it and
return it promptly to the Federal Horticultural Board.

(4) After executing the bond send the foreign shipper the permit nimiber
with the order for the roses and include with the shipping instructions the ad-
dressed tag furnished by the Board which states that the roses are to be shipped
for inspection to the Office of Foreign Seed and Plant Introduction, Bureau of
Plant Industry, Washington, D. C.

R. KENT BEATTIE,
Pathologist in Charge, Foreign Plant Quarantines.
February 5, 1920.

5 2 ««< °o, Ss

CD 02 B5

(76)

What American Rose Society
Members Want

By THE EDITOR

COMPLIMENTARY references to the various preceding
issues of the American Rose Annual have not been wanting,
nor indeed have constructive references and suggestions.
In order that, if possible, the mind of the Society might be
studied, there was inserted in the 1919 Annual a post card on
which members were asked to express themselves in answer to
the following questions:

"What do you like most about the 1919 Annual? What about it do
you like least ? Is anything in it helpful to you? What would you like to
see in the 1920 Annual? Any other suggestions?"

The answers were considerable in number, and covered not
only the United States but some foreign countries. They show a
lively, acute, and important interest in rose-growing.

To the first question, "What do you like most about the
1919 Annual?" the replies were literally astonishing to the
Editor, in one respect and not in another. Dr. Van Fleet's
fascinatingly interesting production on rose hybridization was
generally approved, as might have been expected; but that the
relatively dull tabular information with respect to the success
of roses in various gardens and test-gardens should be heartily
approved was the unexpected item, by which the Editor is
duly admonished.

But few responses were made to the question, "What about
it do you hke least?" "No fault in it;" "It's all good;" "All
interesting;" "Its brevity;" "It should be five times as long;"
"Personalities;" "Should need a microscope to find it;" "The
Index;" "The finish;" "The apparent approval of excluding
foreign roses;" "Absence of practical advice for southern rose-
growers;" "The long wait for it;" "Not enough illustrations;"
"The roses I can't have;" "Sentimental opinions;" "No such
animal;" "That rose canker investigation was not continued;"
"Lack of experimental results with tests on control of mildew
and black-spot;" "That it is not published every month."

(77)

78 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

The answers to the question, "Is anything in it helpful to
you?" were all affirmative, and covered, in the majority, refer-
ences to the bloom records and similar detailed information,
one facetious rose brother even writing, "Couldn't keep house
without it!"

As to "What would you like to see in the 1920 Annual?"
the return was even more complete. A demand was made for
more information about rose diseases, and the Editor has been
doing his best to get it, but with minor success. A request was
made to provide for "the adoption of some kind of a color
chart or standard of description of roses because the descriptions
in catalogues are confusing and misleading." An article in this
issue shows progress that may be encouraging. Amateur and
city rose-gardens are of much interest to some people, and pic-
tures are wanted, which cost limitations prevent producing.

A definite want is for more and yet more lists of roses to
do well in small gardens in various sections. Very much is the
Editor moved by this request, and very much effort has he put
forth for this information. The plan that will be proposed to
members will undoubtedly result in getting it in some shape for
presentation in the 1921 book.

Among other answers to this question is the asking of another
question: "How to care for roses from pot-life before planting
to a permanent place, and whether own-root or grafted plants
are better?" This Annual presents some suggestions in both
directions.

"A vote to find most satisfactory roses for East, Middle
West, and Pacific Coast, with habit of growth in each district,"
is an acute inquiry, as is one for "A complete, classified, alphabet-
ical table of all the roses, with parentage, origination, date of
introduction, color, disease propensities, etc." Work has been
going on for two years on an attempt in this latter direction,
and the impatient Editor now has hopes, which incidentally
can be realized with more promptness if the membership
and when the cash resources of the Society are materially
increased.

Subjoined are other pertinent queries, all of which are taken
to heart by the Editor, and on many of which much effort has
been made:

WHAT MEMBERS WANT 79

I would like to know about raising roses from seed.

Something by Captain Thomas on his new roses.

A complete analysis of rose species.

A list of wild roses, both native and foreign, grown in the United States.

How to keep over Hybrid Tea roses where the thermometer sometimes
goes to 25 degrees below zero.

Explain why lime and cow-manure should be mixed.

A list of thirty roses every grower should have.

Something about rose-growing in California.

Give us more colored plates.

More research by Professor Massey to find remedies for other things.

More information as to the roses that do not succeed, and a discussion on the
bad as well as the good points of roses.

An article on new American roses; color description of the leaders.

More about actual methods in protection of roses where the climate is severe.

Advice for the amateur in the Far South.

Methods for combating pests.

An illustrated article on pruning.

A description of "special beds" as referred to by Captain Thomas, and
comments by competent observers on the proper handling of Pernetianas.

An article on old roses.

Information for novices as to bed-building and selection of varieties, protec-
tion, etc.

Something that will help to get rid of ground-moles in the rose-garden.

There are several inquiries as to advertisements of the rare
and new roses discussed in the Annual. The Editor wishes the
tradesmen were more nearly up to the procession, but they are
coming ! One facetious sister asks for "the name of some insecti-
cide that would put an end to all enemies with one good dose."
Anyone would become a great benefactor if he could ade-
quately answer this query.

An enthusiastic member proposes a rose-button for the
Society. Why not have one?

No member has proposed the much-needed additional sup-
port for the American Rose Society which would be available
if the yearly fee joined the upward flight of all costs ! Dues of,
say, $3 per annum would permit the expansion of the Annual,
as well as the publication of other much-needed helps to mem-
bers, including the catalogue asked for.

It will be observed that many of the things which character-
ize this Annual have been asked for. The Editor wishes he could
answer every query in person and fulfil all requests. Being
human he can only do his best, ask for patient tolerance, and
urge that further suggestions, commendations, and kicks come
his way.

Roses in the 1920 Gardening Magazines

AN EDITORIAL INQUIRY

MANY enthusiasts desire the pubHcation of a rose magazine,
but not enough, it is probable, to make such a magazine
commercially self-supporting. Indeed, it is the belief of
the Editor and of some of his friends that it is far better for the
prosperity of the rose in America to have it receive the attention
which is its queenly due from all the garden and horticultural
press, than to have the limited propaganda effort of one more or
less effective special publication.

Some effort has been made, consequently, to interest the
outdoor magazines, and those national newspapers known to
conduct a weekly garden section. A letter was written to each
editor, asking him to state briefly what his periodical would do
for roses in 1920. The response was decidedly interesting, for
certain editors were shy of any such expression for trade reasons,
and others had apparently not yet discovered the rose as a
subject worth special consideration. Educational work under-
taken upon several of these gardenless editors of garden maga-
zines was reasonably effective, however !

The result is here submitted for the guidance of members of
the American Rose Society. The small type statement at the
head of each item is our own, and purely for information.

HOUSE & GARDEN is published monthly at 19 West 44th Street, New York
City, at 35 cents per copy and $3 per year.

"House & Garden is thoroughly in sympathy with eflForts to increase the
already great popularity of roses for the home grounds. At present writing we
have definitely arranged for an article by J. Horace McFarland on the use of
roses as shrubs, to appear in the May issue, and several other short articles, on
general care, etc., for publication through the coming season. Just what material
on climbing roses we will publish during 1920 is undecided, but we shall un-
doubtedly give space to these forms of the family. In their climbing type roses
have an architectural value, which renders them peculiarly deserving of House
& Gardens consideration." — Richardson Wright, Editor.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE is published monthly at Garden City, N. Y., at 25
cents per copy and $3 per year.

"As occasion demands, according to season and circumstances, the Garden
Magazine discusses roses and rose-gardens, particularly with a view to their
enjoyment rather than for commercial interest. The April issue will present
a comprehensive review of American roses and American rose hybridizers, with
many illustrations." — Leonard Barron, Editor.

(80)

ROSES IN 1920 GARDENING MAGAZINES 81

COUNTRY LIFE is published monthly at Garden City, N. Y., at 50 cents per
copy and $5 per year.

"Country Life, during the summer months, plans to show several of the most
beautiful rose-gardens that can be found. With its long season of bloom, from
June to early frost, there are multitudes of subjects to select from. Of course,
such gardens as Mrs. Hugh Auchincloss', at Newport, are too well known for
us to reproduce, but we will endeavor to ferret out some new and not so well
known gardens." — Reginald T. Townsend, Managing Editor.

THE COUNTRY GENTLEMAN is published weekly at Philadelphia, Pa., at
5 cents per copy and $2 per year.

"The Country Gentleman, during 1920, will contain many articles and sug-
gestions on home planting and home beautifying. In these articles the rose is
recognized as an essential to any beautifying scheme of permanent value and
really artistic merit.

"Throughout the year we will seek to keep pace with the rapidly advancing
developments of American roses for America. We can promise our readers
among other articles on roses an important and notable discussion of the newer
climbing roses by J. Horace McFarland, editor of the American Rose Annual.
Mr. McFarland's article will be elaborately illustrated. The Country Gentleman
believes that every American home should have more and better hardy roses." —
Barton W. Currie, Editor.

HORTICULTURE is published weekly at 78 Devonshire Street, Boston, Mass.,
at 5 cents per copy and SI per year.

"While Horticulture devotes particular attention to roses of commercial
varieties, it also gives considerable space to those which are of value to the private
gardener. It plans to print accurate reports about all the new and worth-while
roses, as well as considering whatever new developments may appear in the
field of rose-growing. In short. Horticulture aims to publish whatever will be
of value and interest to commercial growers and expert gardeners." — E. I.
Farrington, Editor.

GARDENERS' CHRONICLE is published monthly at 286 Fifth Avenue, New
York City, at 25 cents per copy and S2 per year.

"During the year 1920 we shall endeavor to instill a lively interest in the
rose and to help create a place for it in every garden. We shall treat on its
culture, its charm as a garden flower, and its practical uses in the home. We
shall report on the merits of the novelties that have been recently introduced,
as outdoor plants. Special articles on the subject of the rose contributed by well-
known rosarians will be published, covering in detail such information as will
be of most practical value to those who grow the rose for the pleastu^e they derive
from it." — M. C. Ebel, Editor.

GRIT is published weekly at Williamsport, Pa., at 5 cents per copy, and $2
per year.

"Grit gives attention to beautifying the home within the expenditure limits
of families of average means. Among articles by experts, on flowers and shrubs
in the course of a year, will be found several on roses dealing with hardy va-
rieties, their culture and care. These articles are invariably illustrated." —
Frederic E. Manson, Managing Editor.

The Editor will be glad to know of other periodicals which
give more than incidental attention to the rose, so that the
list may be extended.

Three Years of Back -Yard
Bloom -Record

By A. P. GREELEY, Washington, D. C.

Editor's Note. — The referendum among members of the American Rose
Society, elsewhere referred to definitely, determined the acceptability of close
and accurate trials of varieties. Mr. Greeley has, therefore, in bringing up-
to-date his careful observations on the roses under his own eye in Washington,
provided data of much value for that climatic radius. We hope for similar obser-
vations in other climates. Readers should also consult Mr. Bentz's article on
page 60.

THE roses in my back yard, reported on in the 1918 and
1919 Annuals, showed improvement in growth and bloom-
ing for the season of 1919 over previous seasons, the total
number of blooms from Hybrid Tea and Tea roses (including
four Polyanthas and two Hybrid Perpetuals) being 2,859, as
compared with 2,362 in 1918, and 1,927 in 1917. They gave me
a good handful of blooms practically every morning from the
middle of May to the last of October, and a few blooms after
the first of November. The seventy-eight roses on the record
which follows, showing ten or more blooms for the season, are,
in my opinion, good roses for this climate and for the naturally
poor soil and other adverse conditions which my small back
yard affords. Many of the roses which gave less than ten blooms
for the season, as well as some of those not here recorded which
gave less than five, are also good roses, and will show much
better results next year. All of the seventy -eight are from good
to very good in color and form of bloom, and, except the
Polyanthas and a very few of the others, are from medium to
large in size of bloom.

I have tried out the roses which I had in 1917, most of
which were on their own roots (under not very favorable con-
ditions, it is true), and have given the roses acquired since
1917, both own-root and grafted, a shorter trial, but enough to
satisfy me as to many of them. I have found the following
varieties satisfactory on their own roots — some of them very
satisfactory — showing good growth and a fair number of
blooms after the second season, with indications of considerable
increase from year to year:

m

THREE YEARS OF BLOOM-RECORD 83

G. Nabonnand, Ecarlate, Eugenie Lamesch (Poly.), Mme. Eugene Marlitt
(Bout.), Antoine Rivoire, Lucullus (Bengal), Winter Gem, Gruss an Teplitz,
Gloire Lyonnaise (H.P.), Mme. Jules Bouche, Radiance, Harry Kirk, Mrs.
Herbert Stevens, Frau Karl Druschki (H.P.), Mrs. B. R. Cant, Joseph Hill,
Marie Van Houtte, La Tosca, White Maman Cochet, Mrs. A. R. Waddell,
President W. H. Taft, Mary, Countess of Ilchester, My Maryland, Hoosier
Beauty, Tip-Top (Poly.), Mrs. Hugh Dickson, Gorgeous, Mrs. George Shawyer,
G. Amedee Hammond, Lady Plymouth, Mrs. Aaron Ward, Mrs. Charles E.
Pearson, Etoile Poitevine, Lyon Rose, Baron Palm, Queens Scarlet, Irish
Fireflame, Paul Neyron (H.P.).

The following have not done well enough to warrant further
trial on their own roots :

Admiral Ward, Alexander Hill Gray, Blimienschmidt, British Queen,
Chrissie MacKellar, Colleen, Dean Hole, Edith Part, Etoile de Lyon, Farben-
konigen, Florence Pemberton, Francis Scott Key, George C. Waud, Golden
Emblem, Helen Good, lona Herdman, Kaiserin Auguste Victoria, Killarney
Brilliant, Lady AshtowTi, Lady Dunleath, Lady Mary Ward, Lady Roberts,
La France, Mrs. Sam Ross, Mrs. T. Hillas, Primerose, Prince E. C. d'Arenberg,
Souvenir du President Carnot, Sunburst.

Nearly all of these have been discarded or have died and have not been re-
placed. A few have been replaced by plants grafted on Multiflora.

Other roses which have not been satisfactory on their own
roots, but are retained for the present, are :

Cardinal, Charles Dingee (W. R. Smith), Comte G. de Rochemur, Duchess
of Wellington, Edward Mawley, Florence Forrester, George Dickson, Gross-
herzog Friedrich, Hadley, Hugo Roller, Jonkheer J. L. Mock, Lady Greenall,
Mme. Caroline Testout, Miss Alice de Rothschild, Mme. Jules Grolez, Mme.
Leon Pain, Mme. Melanie Soupert, Mrs. Forde, Mrs. Frank Bray, Mrs. Wake-
field Christie-Miller, Principal A. H. Pirie, Rhea Reid, Robin Hood, White
La France.

I have put in duplicates on Multiflora of many of these.

From my own records and observations I am satisfied
that for first-season results roses grafted on Multiflora are
better than those on their own roots, and that the roses on
Multiflora show improved results the second season and some
improvement the third season. Own -root roses show small
results in growth and blooming the first season, much better
results the second season, and a considerable improvement
in the third season over the second.

Of the roses of which I have complete records for the first,
second, and third seasons after planting, the following com-
parison of number of blooms fairly indicates what may be
expected :

84

THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

Own-root Roses : First season, average of 42, six blooms (0 to 20) ; second

season, average of 52, fourteen (2 to 87); third season, average of 42,

nineteen (2 to 165).
Grafted or Budded Roses: First season, average of 45, twenty-three (0 to

183); second season, average of 23, twenty-seven (1 to 117); third season,

average of 6, thirty (5 to 119).

Fifteen roses on own roots gave me, for the fourth season
after planting, an average of 28 blooms, and seven old roses on
own roots, planted in 1909 or 1910, gave me an average of 91
blooms each for each of the three years 1917, 1918, and 1919.

I have had comparatively little trouble the past season from
either mildew or black-spot, though I did not use either spray
or powder. I did, however, try to keep leaves showing black-
spot well picked off. I do not like to have blooms show either
spray or powder, and I do not want bordeaux mixture or sulphur
and arsenic on the lettuce which I grow among the rose bushes !
I find that Black-Leaf 40 (nicotine sulphate), in solution about
double the strength directed on the bottle, applied with a so-
called camel's-hair brush (two for a nickel), directly to the
colonies of aphides on the young shoots disposes of them
effectively and neatly, and is equally effective for the black
aphides on chrysanthemums, as well as for slugs and other
crawling pests — even for full-grown caterpillars.

ROSES GIVING OVER FIFTY BLOOMS

(O.R. signifies own-root plants; G. refers to those grafted or budded.)

,.v.

^ s

No. of blooms per plant

m O
h o

Total

<o a

feffl

^
S

a

3

1-5

3

P-

CO

15S

1910

G. Nabonnand. Coppery

O.R.

1917

May 21

22

112

138

103

27

80

482

yellow

1918

May 16

26

13

32

26

22

18

144

1919

May 8

24

27

34

40

41

25

193

1917

Ecarlate. Scarlet

O.R.

1917

June 29

1

8

6

1

1

17

1918

May 15

8

17

16

21

11

14

87

1919

May 20

27

26

34

34

18

26

165

1917

Lady Ursula. Flesh-pink .

G.

1917

June 9

7

7

7

3

24

1918

May 16

10

18

25

19

9

18

99

1919

May 27

5

40

34

20

16

4

119

1918

George Elger, Poly. Yellow .

G.

1918

May 18

41

32

39

35

20

18

183

1919

May 16

25

28

38

17

7

2

117

1916

Eugenie Lamesch, Poly. Yel-

O.R.

1917

May 29

3

9

21

8

4

5

50

low

1918

May 17

11

13

22

26

15

14

101

1909

Mme. Eugene Marlitt, Bour.

O.R.

1917

May 29

25

75

12

58

15

12

197

Carmine-red

1919

May 25

17

35

17

11

18

16

114

191

May 18

133

30

2

15

9

11

200

191

May 20

23

58

12

5

6

9

113

THREE YEARS OF BLOOM-RECORD

85

Roses Giving Over Fifty Blooms, c

ontinued

a3*J

Name

No. of blooms per plant

Total

£3

<

o o
OZ

1918
1916

1909

1909

1918

L e o n i e Lamesch, Poly.

Coppery red

Antoine Rivoire. Rosy flesh.

LucuUus, Bengal. Crimson. .

Winter Gem. Pink ....

General - Superior Arnold
Janssen. Carmine ....

G.
O.R.

O.R.

O.R.

G.

1918
1919
1917
1918
1919
1917
1918
1919
1917
1918
1919
1918
1919

May 14
May 20
May 23
May 18
May 22
May 18
May 10
May 5
May 29
May 20
May 17
May 21
May 24

19

16

1

3

10

52

49

26

1

3

14

4

12

17
16

5
15
28
12

3
14

6
11
19

8
19

33
16
15

8
11
11

14

7

20
7
9
7

28
14

8
11
16
21

5
10

1
33
10

7

7

20

16

7

3

7

21

1

4
9
2
5

14
9
3

10
8
3

5

1
3
6
5
2

131
86
39
50
80

120
71
66
11
47
65
35
52

ROSES GIVING TWENTY-FIVE OR MORE AND LESS
THAN FIFTY BLOOMS

Pi

Name

03 O

No. of blooms per plant

1916

1916
1918
1919
1919
1917

1918

1918

1916
1919
1910

1918
1916

1917

1916

1917

Gruss an Teplitz. Crimson-
scarlet

♦Ophelia,
pink .

No.

Salmon-

Ophelia. No. 2

Lady Pirrie. Coppery red-
dish salmon

Mme. Edmee Metz. Rosy
carmine

Mme. Maurice de Luze.

Rosy pink

♦Pharisaer. Rosy white . .

Gloire Lyonnaise, H.P. . .
Lemon-yellow

Mme. Jules Bouch6. White .
Radiance No. 1. Pink . . .

George C. Waud. Orange-
* vermilion

Harry Kirk. Sulphur-yellow

Mrs. Herbert Stevens
White

O.R.

O.R.
O.R.

G.

G.

G.

G.

G.

O.R.

G.

O.R.

O.R.
O.R.

O.R.

G.
O.R.

O.R.

1917
1918
1919
1917
1918
1919
1919
1917
1918
1919
1918
1919
1918
1919
1917
1919
1917
1918
1919
1918
1919
1917
1918
1919
1917
1918
1919
1917
1918
1919
1917
1918
1919

May 23
June 6
May 20
May 24
July 27
May 27
May 31
July 7
May 20
June 7
May 20
May 23
May 26
May 26
June 6
May 30
May 25
May 16
May 14
June 30
June 9
June 6
May 7
May 14
June 16
May 25
May 24
May 31
May 20
May 27
July 16
May 27
May 31

Note. — Some of the plants starred (*) on the above list winterkilled and others, I think,
died from too generous a supply of ground bone.

86

THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

Roses Giving Twenty-five or More and Less Than Fifty Blooms, con.

.•s

Name

No. of blooms per plant

ss

>>

o

^

Total

^«

03

3

10

1

0.
CO

1919

Killarney Queen. Pink . .

G.

1919

May 29

3

4

7

1

3

2S

1916

Frau Karl Druschki. H.P.

O.R.

1917

June 1

21

2

23

White

1918
1919

May 21
May 28

2
2

2
25

4

27

1917

Mrs. B. R. Cant. Carmine .

O.R.

1917

June 29

1

1

2

4

1918

May 16

3

2

7

3

2

1

18

1919

May 26

1

10

5

2

5

4

27

1916

Radiance No. 2. Pink . . .

O.R,

1917

June 18

1

5

1

■ 7

1918

May 20

2

3

3

3

2

2

15

1919

May 22

4

13

4

3

3

27

1918

White Maman Cochet No. 2

O.

1918

June 1

2

3

1

6

White

1919

May 25

4

6

6

7

2

25

1917

Joseph Hill. Salmon-pink .

O.R.

1917

Oct. 19

1

1

1918

May 22

2

2

4

3

3

2

16

1919

May 26

2

14

2

1

4

2

25

ROSES GIVING FIFTEEN OR MORE AND LESS
THAN TWENTY-FIVE BLOOMS

D a
>i-5

1917
1916
1910

1917
1919
1917

1918

1919

1916

1919
1917

1918
1918
1919
1917

Name

Marie Van Houtte.
yellow

Pale

La Tosca. Silvery pink . .

White Maman Cochet No. 1
White

*Farbenk6nigin. Rosy car-
mine

Mrs. A. R. Waddell. Rosy
salmon

President W. H. Taft.
Salmon-pink

Gustav Grunerwald. Car-
mine-pink

*Lady Ashtown. Carmine-
pink

Mary, Countess of Ilchester.
Carmine

My Maryland. Salmon-pink

Mme. Edmond Sablayrolles.

Yellow

Margaret Dickson Hamill.

Maize-straw

Hoosier Beauty No. 1.

Crimson-scarlet

O.R.

O.R.

O.R.

O.R.

G.

O.R.

O.R.

G.
O.R.

G.
O.R.

O.R.
G.

G.
O.R.

1917
1918
1919
1917
1918
1919
1917
1918
1919
1917
1919
1917
1918
1919
1918
1919

1919
1917
1918
1919
1917
1918
1919
1918
1919
1918
1919

1919
1917
1918
1919

June 16
May 15
June 28
May 21
May 25
June 3
May 25
May 22
July 27
June 2
Sept. 14
June 8
May 21
June 4
May 22

June 10
May 27
July 30
May 31
Sept. 18
May 27
May 30
June 24
May 29
May 31
May 27

June 5
Aug. 2
May 13
May 22

No. of blooms per plant

11

"►2

THREE YEARS OF BLOOM-RECORD

87

Roses Giving Fifteen or More and Less Than Twenty-five
Blooms, continued

o a

1917

1917

1917

1919
1918
1917

1917

Name

Tip-Top, Poly. Yellow-
carmine

Mrs. Hugh Dickson. Cream

Gorgeous. Orange-yellow .

Mrs. Franklin Dennison.

White

Mrs. George Shawyer. Rose

G. Amedee Hammond
Apricot-yellow

Lady Plymouth. Ivory-
cream

O.R.
O.K.
O.R.

G.
O.R.

O.R.
O.R.

1917
1918
1919
1917
1918
1919
1917
1918
1919

1919
1918
1919
1917
1918
1919
1917
1918
1919

00 o

-is o

June 16
May 22
May 29
July 22
May 26
May 19
July 24
May 13
May 17

June 2
Nov. 19
May 17
Aug. 5
June 3
June 3
July 31
June 7
May 26

No. of blooms per plant

1
1
1

ROSES GIVING TEN OR MORE AND
LESS THAN FIFTEEN BLOOMS

1918

1919
1916

1917

1917

1917
1919
1917

1918

1917

1918

1918
1919
1917
1919
1918

Name

Mme. Colette Martinet,

Golden yellow

Mme. Marcel Delanney. Pink
Mrs. Aaron Ward. Yellow

Mrs. Charles E. Pearson.
Orange

Etoile Poitevine. Red-
streaked

♦Chateau de Clos Vougeot.

Scarlet

Lyon Rose. Coral-red-yel-
low

National Emblem. Crimson

Baron Palm. Red

Tipperary. Yellow ....

*Mrs. F. W. Vanderbilt.
Orange-red

*Blumenschmidt. Citron-
yellow

Etoile de France. Crimson .

G.

G.
O.R.

O.R.

O.R.

G.

G.

O.R.

G.

O.R.

G.

G.
G.

O.R.
G.
G.

1918
1919
1919
1917
1918
1919
1917
1918
1919
1917
1918
1919
1917
1919
1917
1918
1919
1918
1919
1918
1919
1918
1919
1918
1919
1917
1919
1918
1919

^m

May 21
June 4
June 12
June 10
June 5
June 1
June 8
May 13
Jime 6
Aug. 22
May 16
May 23
June 2
May 30
July 7
May 23
June 5
May 17
May 20
Aug. 6
May 14
May 24
May 27
May 19
June 9
Aug. 29
May 30
May 25
May 30

No. of blooms per plant

O^

88

THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

Roses Giving Ten oh Moke and Less Than Fifteen Blooms, continued

-a

Name

^2
£§

No. of blooms per plant

>>

4)

c

"a

1-^

3
<

0.

4i

Total

1917

Autumn Tints. Coppery

G.

1917

June 14

1

9

2

4

1

17

red-orange

1918

May 13

1

6

2

9

1919

June 6

3

1

6

1

11

1917

♦Konigin Carola. Satiny rose

G.

1917

June 3

6

3

1

10

1918

G.

1918

June 20

6

2

2

1

11

1.
,1918

1919

June 7

6

3

2

11

Panama. Pink

O.R.

1918

June 10

4

1

2

4

1

12

>

1919

May 23

3

1

3

3

1

11

(1919

♦Viscountess Enfield. Cop-

pery old-rose

G.

1919

May 31

3

5

2

1

11

1916

♦Willowmere. Pink ....

O.R.

1917

May 28

1

3

5

9

1919

G.

1919

June 2

9

1

1

11

1917

*Iona Herdman. Yellow . .

O.R.

1917

Sept. 16

1

1

1919

*

G.

1919

June 3

7

4

11

1918

Irish Fireflame. Orange-

O.R.

1918

Aug. 9

3

3

6

crimson

1919

May 15

2

2

5

1

1

11

1919

Reine Marguerite d'ltalie.

Vermilion

G.

1919

June 6

4

2

1

3

1

11

1910

Paul Neyron, H.P. Pink . .

O.R.

1917
1918
1919

June 1
May 22
May 28

9
2

15

8

1

16

9

10

1917

Col. R. S. Williamson. Pink

O.R.

1917

July 31

1

1

2

1918

June 11

2

4

1

1

8

1919

June 8

5

3

1

1

10

1917

*Louise Catherine Breslau.

(}.

1917

June 24

6

1

4

11

1918

* Coral-red-yellow ....

G.

1918

June 26

3

3

1919

G.

1919

May 31

1

7

1

1

10

1917

Marquise de Querhoent.

O.K.

1917

June 30

1

4

6

5

4

20

Yellow and rose ....

1918

June 5

5

1

1

2

9

1919

May 23

2

2

2

1

3

10

1916

Mme. Edouard Harriot.

O.R.

1917

June 20

T

1

2

Coral-red-yellow ....

1918

June 5

5

3

1

1

4

14

1919

June 7

7

1

2

10

1917

*Queen Mary. Yellow . . .

G.

1917

June 8

1

5

1

7

1919

O.R.

1919

May 29

3

3

1

1

2

10

1917

Mme. Caroline Testout.

O.R.

1917

June 23

3

7

3

1

14

Satiny rose

1918

May 21

2

3

4

9

1919

May 25

1

V

1

1

10

ROSES GIVING FIVE TO TEN BLOOMS

Name

Gen. MacArthur. Scarlet

Mme. Charles Lutaud.
Chrome-yellow

Papa Gontier. Red . . .
Mme. Leon Pain. Salmon

Lady Alice Stanley No. 2.

Coral-rose

Duchess of Sutherland. Pink.

Olivia. Red

O.R.

O.R.

O.R.
O.R.

G.

G.

O.R.

1917
1918
1919
1917
1918
1919
1919
1917
1918
1919
1918
1919
1918
1919
1919

2^

S5

July 3
July 17
June 6
Aug. 15
June 15
May 31
May 12
June 10
June 12
May 21
June 5
June 2

May 23
June 14

No. of blooms per plant

02;

THREE YEARS OF BLOOM-RECORD

89

Roses Giving Five to Ten Blooms, continued

Name

Recuerdo de A. Peluffo.

Salmon-white

Hoosier Beauty No. 2.

Crimson-scarlet

Mrs. Frank Bray. Coppery

Mildred Grant. White.

Comte G. de Rochemur.
Rosy scarlet

Hugo Roller. Lemon-yellow,

Marquise de Sinety. Yellow
*Mrs. Ambrose Riccardo.

* Yellow

*Mrs. George Gordon. Rosy
Dink

White Killarney. White . .

Edward Mawley. Crimson

Friedrichsruh No. 2. Deep
red

Frances C. Seton. Rose-pink

Molly Sharman-Crawford.
White

Principal A. H. Pirie.

Silvery pink

Rhea Reid. Scarlet-carmine

Charles Dingee. Soft pink

Earl of Warwick. Salmon-
pink

Friedrichsruh No. 1. Deep
red

*Hadley. Crimson

Miss Alice de Rothschild.
Yellow

Rosy

Mrs. Glen Kidston.

carmine

Mrs. S. T. Wright. Cad-
mium-old-gold

Gloire des Beiges. Carmine

Lady Alice Stanley. Coral-

Grossherzog Friedrich. Car-
mine-rose-pink

O.R.
G.

O.R.

O.R.
O.R.

O.R.

G.
G.
G.

G.
O.R.

O.R.

G.

O.R.

O.R.

O.R.
O.R.

O.R.

G.
G.

O.R.
O.R.

O.R.

O.R.
G.

O.R.
G.

O.R.

1919
1918
1919
1917
1918
1919
1918
1919
1917
1918
1919
1917
1918
1919
1919
1917
1919

1919
1917
1918
1919
1917
1918
1919
1917
1918
1919
1917
1918
1919
1917
1918
1919
1918
1919
1917
1918
1919
1917
1918
1919
1918
1919
1917
1918
1919
1917
1918
1919
1917
1918
1919

1919
1918
1919
1919
1917
1918
1919
1918
1919

June 15
Aug. 2
June 1
June 14
June 7
June 6

May 31
July 23
May 31
June 1
July 31
June 3
June 6
May 30
May 27
June 2

June 13
May 27
May 22
May 27
June 19
May 24
May 22
July 15
May 22
May 27
June 7
May 27
May 31

May 25
May 29
Aug. 9
May 29
June 27
July 21
May 31
June 19
June 18
July 14
June 28
May 29
July 5
May 14
May 20
June 10
May 20
May 31
June 3
June 3
June 5

June 10
May 28
May 27
June 8
June 27
July 7
June 7
Aug. 9
May 28

No. of blooms per plant

The Ideals of the World's Rose
Originators

A Symposium Gathered by the Editor

WITH the keen interest in new varieties manifested by the
acute amateurs who make up the larger body of member-
ship in the American Rose Society, it has seemed worth
while to endeavor to discover the aims of the men who have
been producing the roses we buy. Inquiry was made of all
known producers of new roses in England and Ireland, of whom
five responded. In America the inquiry was made of nine
known producers, of whom three responded directly, and one,
whose productions are most important, indirectly. As another
of the American growers is not now at work on new roses, and
the ideals of two others are well known, it may be noted that
the return covers most of the American hybridizing field.
The first question was :

What in your opinion is the one ideal plant form for a rose (the rose
plant you would prefer if you could have but one) : dwarf bush, tree form,
tall bush, climber?

Messrs. Alexander Dickson & Sons (Ireland), Philip le Cornu
(Island of Jersey), and Alexander W. Montgomery, Jr. (Hadley,
Mass.), all answer "dwarf bush."

R. J. E. Green, Manager of Hobbies, Ltd. (Dereham), says:
"It would be invidious for us to name one rose only; we are so
enthusiastic that we literally love most of the beautiful roses
recently created."

Rev. J. H. Pemberton (Romford, England) prefers "A tall
bush requiring no pruning, only slight thinning out of the old
wood to admit light and air; but where space is restricted I
prefer a dwarf bush."

Walter Easlea (Essex, England) prefers tall bush.

The second question was :

In this one rose what would be your preference in flower form, in
flower habit (as to whether the bloom should be borne singly, several to-
gether, or in clusters), in color and in fragrance?

The answers may best be set forth separately :

(90)

IDEALS OF ROSE ORIGINATORS 91

Alexander Dickson & Sons: "The ideal rose should have good form, pure
color, and fragrant blooms, borne singly."

R. J. E. Green: "Our ideal rose must combine a clean and decided self-color
with fragrance, and all forms are welcome to us."

Rev. J. H. Pemberton: "In this one rose, form of flower should be deep
petaled, globular, or semi-single, with prominent, erect, golden stamens. Flowers
should be produced several on one stem, in corymbs. The color should be
crimson, with orange shading; the fragrance, a blend of damask and musk
perfume."

Walter Easlea: "Long, shapely, high center, full and carried erect, in clus-
ters of three to five; brilliant scarlet, or rich, blood red, with fragrance of
Mme. Abel Chatenay."

Alexander W. Montgomery, Jr. (Hadley, Mass., originator of Mrs. Charles
Russell) : "Clear, pure non-fading color, constant in all changes of weather;
large, long, pointed bud, with a mature flower; large, perfectly imbricated, high
center, of 50 petals, opening completely and freely in all seasons, these petals
large, long, and of heavy texture; fragrance, all possible."

E. G. Hill (Richmond, Ind.) : "A flower with a stiff stem, with 36 to 40 petals;
fragrant; not in clusters; any good self-color."

The third question was:

For your ideal rose would you prefer continuous bloom, crops of bloom,
or the one great burst of so-called June bloom?
Alexander Dickson & Sons: "Crops of bloom."

R. J. E. Green: "Certainly continuity of flower is a desirable attribute."
Philip le Cornu: "Continuous bloom."
Walter Easlea: "Continuous."

Rev. J. H. Pemberton: "Constantly in bloom from June to December."
Alexander Montgomery, Jr.: "Continuous."

E. G. Hill: "A variety that will produce fine flowers in June, then a good
quantity of flowers from the middle of August until frost."

The fourth question was:

What is the best character and appearance of rose foliage, in your
opinion?

Alexander Dickson & Sons: "Smooth, glossy foliage."

R. J. E. Green: "Foliage after the manner of that produced by American
Pillar, and the harmony of the foliage of many kinds of Chinas, Teas, and
Hybrid Teas, with the flowers produced by the several kinds equally pleasing."

Philip le Cornu: "Dark green, very smooth, so as to be mildew-resisting."

Walter Easlea: "In the style of Golden Emblem, Cissie Easlea, Louise Cathe-
rine Breslau; also the beet-root colored foliage of Lady Hillingdon."

Rev. J. H. Pemberton: "The foliage should be tough and shining, as if var-
nished, in order to resist mildew."

Alexander Montgomery, Jr.: "This wiU vary with the type."

E. G. Hill: "A medium-sized leaf, with good texture."

The fifth question was :

Referring now to prevailing classes of roses, please state which class —
Tea, Hybrid Tea, Perpetual, Hybrid Perpetual, Dwarf Polyantha, shrub
roses, climbers, single roses — has most engaged your attention as a rose-
breeder.

92 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

Dickson, Green, Montgomery and Hill all answer "Hybrid
Tea varieties," Philip le Cornu says: "Hybrid Teas and Per-
netianas. Would especially like to raise a cross having the form
and color of Juliet, with the habit of growth and freedom of
flowering of Queen Mary." Pemberton has been working for
"a race of perpetual flowering cluster roses, good in autumn,
suitable as shrubs and pillars, because there is lack of these in
the rose world."

The next question was:

If you have worked particularly with the so-called forcing roses to b&
grown under glass for flowers out of season, please state what one existing
variety is in your mind most nearly ideal, regardless of who originated it.

Alexander Dickson & Sons: "A very difficult question to answer. Much
depends on climatic conditions. In America, Killarney; in Great Britain,
Richmond."

R. J. E. Green: "Mme. Abel Chatenay is still prominent in our opinion as a
forcing rose. Increased hardiness and greater disease-resisting, with more per-
petual flowering habits, will undoubtedly be obtained."

Walter Easlea: "Ophelia."

Alexander W. Montgomery, Jr.: "Killarney, from the grower's standpoint."

E. G. Hill: "Ophelia for breeding purposes. Have made a specialty of
varieties for forcing under glass."

The next question read:

Have you reason to believe that increased hardiness, better plant forms,
greater disease resistance may be obtained, or that recurrence of bloom,
greater variety and perfection of color can be introduced into outdoor roses
for the temperate zone through the use in breeding of any rose species not
now generally used?

Alexander Dickson & Sons: "We cannot see what species could be used which
has not been already tried."

Walter Easlea: "I believe Rosa canina is capable of great results by cross-
breeding; also R. lucens, R. Jackii, R. Soulieana."

Rev. J. H. Pemberton: "There are doubtless possibilities in the attainment
of all these by breeding from rose species not generally used."

Alexander W. Montgomery, Jr.: "Yes."

E. G. Hill: "It stands to reason that the introduction of the blood of new
species with present types of roses will ultimately give us a type of rose suitable
for our middle tier of states."

The last question was:

// you have not previously stated your ideals for garden roses, both
dwarf and standard, for hardy climbers and for greenhouse roses, please
do so briefly.

Walter Easlea: "For dwarf, a General MacArthur of improved form of
flower, more elongated and brighter; for standard, roses similar to Mme. Caro-
line Testout in good rich crimsons and yellows; in climbers, we want American
Pillar and Lady Gay with golden yellow flowers, a Paul's Scarlet Climber with

IDEALS OF ROSE ORIGINATORS 93

fragrant flowers and perpetual ; ramblers of a true perpetual flowering character
are much required, but must be real ramblers, and hardy. For the greenhouse,
a fuller and more elongated Lady Hillingdon, and a Catherine Mermet of the
color of Hoosier Beauty."

Alexander W. Montgomery, Jr.: "If I were working on outdoor roses I would
confine myself to the production of tall bush varieties, using the Rugosa hybrids
as a base."

E. G. Hill: "There should and will be produced garden varieties by the per-
sistent efforts of the specialists who are seeking the commingling of the blood
of the natural species roses with the Tea and Hybrid Tea classes."

One English hybridist, Walter Easlea, has in a separate note
so succinctly stated the ideals he is working for that they are
here separately set forth:

I am working toward the following ideals :

We need immunity from fungoid pests, such as black-spot and mildew.

I want to improve on existing popular kinds; for instance, to obtain a Mme.
Caroline Testout with fragrance and with rich crimson or golden yellow color;
a Frau Karl Druschki of more compact growth, and fragrant; a Hugh Dickson
less vigorous in growth; a Hadley minus its tendency to blue; a General
MacArthiu- with expanded flowers of elongated form and more brilliant color;
a Mrs. Charles Russell in shades of salmon, pink, yellow, scarlet, white, and flame.

I would like to have Marechal Niel blooms on a Mme. Caroline Testout
plant, and as free-flowering. (Mme. Caristie Martel approaches it slightly, but
the rose must be good in all weathers.)

We need good crimson Hybrid Teas, with the size and fullness of such
Hybrid Perpetuals as Alfred Colomb and Mrs. John Laing. The blooms of all
must be carried erect, and be powerfully fragrant. I prefer the elongated form
of Mrs. George Shawyer and Mrs. A. E. Coxhead, and as full.

We need Polyantha roses with clusters like Orleans, but of Lady Hillingdon
color.

Other correspondents, who have not answered all the
questions, are working quite intelligently. For example, the
veteran John Cook seeks a rose of heavy petalage and high
fragrance, with pink tints, and the best form for the greenhouse
grower. Fred Howard, the producer of Los Angeles, is interested
most with the improvement of the yellow, bronze and orange
tones of the Pernetiana strain, and is trying to get good foli-
age and persistence into that class. A. J. Clarke, of Portland,
Ore., has a cross "between Ophelia and Hoosier Beauty" which
is, he thinks, of much promise for indoor use. F. R. M. Undritz,
who has raised several roses (registered by the American Rose
Society) possessing exceedingly good foliage, a rather low climb-
ing habit and very double flowers, is working toward the hardy
everblooming climber, and his rose Silver Star, registered with
the American Rose Society, a cross between Silver Moon and

94 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

Marie Van Houtte, unites Wichuraiana and Cherokee blood
with the Tea strain, which ought, if hardy, to give a most
attractive result.

Alexander B. Scott, long known as a most acute rose-grower,
and the distributor in America of the Dickson roses, is work-
ing first to produce roses that are profitable for cut-flower pur-
poses, and second for gardening roses. He has Cornelia, of
much promise, and Red Janet, of at least equal promise. In
a recent letter he writes:

"There is a fascination about hybridization of roses, and also a lot of dis-
appointment. I reached my ideal last year in a crimson-scarlet. When I saw
it, the thought came to my mind of the remark that George Dickson made to
me several times when inspecting new roses, to the purport that I was the most
severe critic who ever entered their grounds. I looked at that new rose of mine
last year and considered it my ideal of a perfect scarlet-crimson rose. I propa-
gated four plants from it, and now this year the blamed thing won't grow, so
all we can use it for is to keep the blood and try to get the same thing in one
that grows stronger."

Dr. W. Van Fleet's ideals are made quite plain in his recur-
ring notes on rose hybridization, as printed in the successive
Annuals. The admiration felt abroad and at home for American
Pillar, Silver Moon, and his other splendid climbers, will always
give him a high place in the rose world, regardless of present
efforts. Incidentally, attention is called to Plates III, VI and VII
showing yet unnamed hybrids of his origination. Captain
Thomas, in his article in this Annual, makes plain not only his
ideals but his definite approximation toward them, as illustrated,
and his painstaking work is continuing upon a large scale of en-
deavor. M. H. Walsh has implanted his ideals in the climbers of
the whole world through Lady Gay, Excelsa, Evangeline, and sim-
ilar roses. Hoopes, Bro. & Thomas Co. brought into the Ameri-
can rose world a new ideal in large-flowered climbers through
Climbing American Beauty, Christine Wright, and Purity.

This symposium is presented as indicating, though not very
completely, the efforts of the most progressive and active rose
producers. That others may come to help and to improve on
these ideals, and that also these workers may succeed in de-
veloping forms suited to the various climatic ranges of our
broad land, so that no part of America may fail to have roses
galore, is certainly the hope of the Editor.

Potted Roses in Season and Out
of Season

CompUed by THE EDITOR

THOSE who have visited any of the great national flower
shows held in the United States in the last ten years have
exclaimed with delight at the beauty of the roses in pots,
notably the climbers. For some reason, no one seems to have
discussed the methods used to prepare these roses for blooming
out of season, or, indeed, to have considered the importance of
what one might call a portable rose show.

True, several of the great rose-selling firms, including A. N.
Pierson, Inc., and Henry A. Dreer, make a point of selling
roses in pots, but there is no attempt to prepare these roses
so sold for the sort of use to which they might be put as seen in
the shows.

Correspondence with Thomas Roland, a noted grower of pot
roses at Nahant, Mass., has brought out some decided opinions
and some very interesting details. Mr. Roland believes that too
little has been done to encourage the great amateur class of rose-
growers to handle potted roses with success. From Mr. Roland's
correspondence the Editor gleans the following wheat of prac-
tical wisdom:

Pot-grown roses, I believe, will eventually become the most popular of all
plants for house decoration. They may be had in usable condition during eight
months of the year. After they have done service inside, they are in a suitable
condition for planting outside, where, if conditions are proper, they may con-
tinue to give pleasure for many years.

There are many fine varieties, equally useful as pot plants and for garden
pm-poses.

The various ramblers and the good Hybrid Perpetuals can be had in fine
condition from March 1 to July 1, while from July 1 to November 1 it would
always be possible, if desirable, to have well-grown Hybrid Teas and dwarf
ramblers blooming freely in pots.

Cultural methods are quite simple. All our plants used for potting are field-
grown. The ramblers are staked, and as they grow in the field are kept tied to
the stakes, the object being to get well-ripened canes. All late base growths are
removed, as they would not have time to ripen.

In lifting these field-grown plants, care must be taken not to permit the roots
at any time to get dry, and thus to lose vigor.

To have ramblers bloom during March and early April, field-grown plants
lifted in the spring are cut back to within several inches of the base of the plant,

(95)

96

THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

potted and "plunged"* outside in a good open position where they will receive

full sunshine.

As these plants grow and the pots become filled with roots, they should be

supplied liberally with liquid manure, because of their restricted root range.

In fact, when in active growth at the roots and tops, unless on wet or soggy

groimd, there will be not much to fear from over-watering or over-feeding.

They should be given plenty of space, so as not to crowd one another, and as

they grow the canes should be trained upon stakes, to somewhat the form

desired. There are many shapes avail-
able for easy handling with the pliant
young canes — fan-shape, pyramid, globe,
egg-shape, etc.

The plants intended for the earliest
flowering should not be allowed to make
growth so late that they cannot fully
ripen outside.

When autumn arrives, much less
water will be required. Indeed, if the
late autumn weather proves wet, it may
be found necessary to raise the pots so
that the plants will more quickly dry
out, and thus ripen their canes.

About December 1, according to
the weather conditions where the work
is done, the plants ought to be in suit-
able condition for repotting into the
pots in which they are intended to
flower. After potting they can be
pruned and tied down into shapes as
desired, always noting that the bloom
shoots will arise from the spurs on the
main canes of that year's growth.

If extra-large plants are desired,

several well-developed plants may be put into one large pot or into a tub,

according to the idea in mind.

The conditions suitable for growing roses for cut-flowers in a house are those

quite suitable for bringing into bloom the various ramblers, except that when

the plants are first brought in from the outside the temperature may be too high

for plants not having active feeding roots. This can easily be remedied; where a

cool house is not available, a cellar, pit or shed may be used to house the plants

until they have made some new roots and are ready to break out into growth

at the top.

About twelve weeks should be allowed to bring the earliest batches of plants

into flower, and as the season advances much less time will be necessary to bring

the different varieties into bloom.

All these remarks, I believe, will apply equally to the four principal groups

which may bloom to advantage in pots; namely, the tall ramblers, the dwarf

ramblers, the Hybrid Teas, and the Hybrid Perpetuals.
I add here a list of varieties suitable for different seasons :
From March 1 to April 1: Tausendschon, Hiawatha, Mrs. F. W. Flight,

George Elger (dwarf), Ellen Poulsen (dwarf), Mrs. W. H. Cutbush (dwarf),

Marie Pa vie (dwarf),

*"Plunging" is sinking the pot in the open ground to the full depth of the pot. —
Editob.

Fig. 4. A well-grown Rambler pot rose.

POTTED ROSES IN AND OUT OF SEASON 97

From April 1 into June: Tausendschon, Hiawatha, Mrs. F. W. Flight,
George Elger, Ellen Poulsen, Mrs. W. H. Cutbush, Marie Pavie, Dorothy
Perkins, Lady Gay, Excelsa, White Dorothy Perkins, American Pillar, Jessie
(dwarf), Maman Turbat (dwarf), Orleans (dwarf); also the following Hybrid
Perpetuals: Frau Karl Druschki, Magna Charta, Mrs. John Laing, TJlrich
Brunner.

From latter part of June to November: Orleans, Jessie, Ellen Poulsen, Marie
Pavie, Perle d'Or. Teas: Double White Killarney, Mrs. Aaron Ward, Mrs.
Charles Russell, Hadley, Mme. Caroline Testout, Lady Alice Stanley, Ophelia,
Mrs. George Shawyer.

A Hundred Million Cut Roses?

AN EDITORIAL INQUIRY

WE ARE so accustomed to accept the beautiful finished rose-
bud at the flower store as a casual, incidental, and inevitable
thing that few of the rose-lovers of the country consider
what is back of the service involved in having this rose at com-
mand all over America, and every day in the year.

A hundred millions of cut roses in America? Yet why not?
That would be not quite one a year for every man, woman, and
child in the land. Does there exist anyone so hard-hearted as
to either wish or believe that each free American should be
restricted to but one rose per annum?

Information has been sought as to the trend toward color,
habit, form and fragrance of the roses grown for cutting. A
formula of inquiry was prepared and submitted to several of
the ablest commercial men, whose criticisms were incorporated
in it. Then all the names of the important actual producers
were obtained, and to each one was sent the form, together with
a personal letter urging a reply to the questions asked, in the
general interest. A total of 111 inquiries brought 46 replies,
the actual leaders in cut-flower production responding for the
most part, wherefore it is believed to be fair to generalize from
these replies in certain of the conclusions.

Below most of the questions following will be found the
replies in order, stating the number of votes for the variety or
quality preferred.

The first question asked was Is the demand for cut roses in-

98 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

creasing or decreasing? The answer was uniformly "Increasing,"
save in two cases.

The second question read: What roses are now most popular
in your own experience? (Name three or four in order of pref-
erence, please.)

Replies :

Columbia 38 Killarney, Double White . . 6

Ophelia 33 American Beauty 4

Premier 25 Mrs. Aaron Ward 4

Mrs. Charles Russell .... 19 Mrs. George Shawyer ... 2

Hadley 7 Hoosier Beauty 1

Sunburst 7 My Maryland 1

Milady 6 Minnetonka 1

Question 3: As between the various colors available in winter-
grown roses, which do you find most in demand?
Replies :

Pink 10 Columbia 2

Dark Pink 5 Hadley 2

Light Pink 3 Killarney White 1

Mrs. Charles Russell .... 4 Red, Yellow and Pink ... 1

Premier 3 Red 1

Ophelia 3 Sunburst 1

Question 4 : As between the Ophelia type of rose and those with
many more petals, ivhich do you prefer for sale, and which do you
favor for growing?

Replies: Columbia 2

More petals 21 Premier 2

Ophelia 9 Sunburst 6

Mrs. Charles Russell .... 3 White • ■ '''

"Ophelia type and shorter stems." "Russell for sale; Columbia to grow."
"Ophelia type by all means; they grow more quickly and open more quickly."

Question 5 : Of the roses you are now growing, which produce

most satisfactorily —

In quantity?

Replies: Mrs. George Shawyer . . ,

Columbia 16 Hoosier Beauty

Ophelia 12 Killarney Pink

Premier 6 Milady

Mrs. Charles Russell .... 3 My Maryland

Killarney 3 Sunburst

Killarney White 3 Mrs. Aaron Ward . . . . ,

In quality?

Replies: Ophelia 8

Columbia 17 Hadley 3

Mrs. Charles Russell . . . .12 Sunburst 1

Premier 11 Mrs. Aaron Ward 1

A HUNDRED MILLION CUT ROSES?

99

In color?
Replies :

Columbia 15

Mrs. Charles Russell , . . .12

Premier 8

Ophelia 5

In shipping endurance?
Replies :

Mrs. Charles Russell .... 13

Ophelia 10

Columbia 8

Premier 6

Hadley 4

Milady 2

Pink 1

Sunburst 1

Mrs. Aaron Ward 1

Hadley 2

Milady 2

Sunburst 1

Mrs. Aaron Ward 1

An important question read: If you could have a rose "made to
order" for you, what would it be —
In form?

Dunlop 3

Mrs. George Shawyer ... 3
Mrs. Charles Russell .... 3
Kaiserin Auguste Victoria . 1

American Beauty 1

"A large, pointed flower that will open

Premier ....
Richmond . . .

Red

Dark velvety red
Clear rose-pink .
Yellow

Replies:

Premier 7

Hadley 6

Long, pointed bud 5

Ophelia 4

Columbia 3

"A good yellow, also a good red."
perfectly." "A perfect Milady."

In color?
Replies :

Pink 7

Hadley 4

Ophelia 4

Mrs. Charles Russell .... 4

Columbia 3

White 3

"Any but white or yellow." "Between Milady and Hadley." "Red or
yellow."

In fragrance?
Replies :

American Beauty 9

Premier 8

Hadley 4

Ophelia 3

Tea 3

In foliage?
Replies :

Ophelia 9

Columbia 8

Premier 7

Richmond 1

Mrs. Charles Russell .... 1

Columbia 2

Hoosier Beauty 2

Perle des Jardins 2

Mrs. George Shawyer ... 1

Sunburst 1

Sweet 1

Sunburst 1

American Beauty 1

Ample, good size 1

Big, green 1

Hadley 1

100 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

In blooming habit?

Replies: KUlarney 3

Columbia 11 Mrs. George Shawyer ... 2

Ophelia 6 Sunburst 2

Premier 5 My Maryland 1

"Free, producing both short and long stems." "Non-cropper."

In certain eastern markets there seems to have been a con-
siderable demand for the so-called "midget" roses. The inquiry
concerning their importance developed the fact that they were
a very minor matter, forming no serious part of the great
rose movement.

The inquiry as to quantity reads thus : Please give, if at all
possible, an approximate statement, or even an estimate or guess, of
the actual number of rose blooms you have cut during the year of 1919.

Some of the growers evidently did not know, because they
didn't reply. Yet there were 34 responses out of 46 returned
blanks, and these total a cut or production during 1919 of
35,468,860 roses. The smallest number reported was 60,000;
the largest 4,600,000. Twelve growers reported a million or
more; eleven produced between 50,000 and 1,000,000; and eleven
grew less than a half -million each. The average would indicate
the production of at least a hundred million of cut-roses in
the commercial establishments of the United States during the
year 1919, and it is possible that the actual number of roses cut
exceeded this figure by 50 per cent.

In order to ascertain the insect and disease situation, this
question was asked: What troubles, if any, have you had with
insects and diseases during 1919? The replies follow:

"Have not had any." "Very small." "No special troubles beyond those
usually met in growing roses under glass." "None." "Nothing serious."
"None." "None."

"A little trouble with rose midge, but steady fumigating remedied it."

"Hardly any save some thrip and green fly." "Have some leaf-rollers and
have foimd some canker in Milady."

"None, thank God." "Crown-gall." "Rose midge." "The midge insect."
"Black-spot." "No uncontrollable diseases." "Thrip and black-spot." "Black-
spot is oiu- greatest trouble." "A touch of black-spot." "Green fly and red
spider only."

"None but the usual mildew, black-spot, green fly and some scale on Cecile
Brunner." "Thrip." "The rose-midge is the worst trouble, but it is easy to
overcome."

"Thrip and black-spot." "Leaf -roller, not very bad." "Black-spot, thrip
and green fly." "Our worst trouble is mildew." "Strawberry beetle."

"A devil of a time with the new insect pest, the strawberry beetle."

A HUNDRED MILLION CUT ROSES? 101

As might be expected among the men who could grow an
average of a million roses apiece, there were expressed "on the
side" many opinions and desires. A man whose cut was 4,600,000
says, "I am inclined to guess that Columbia is the most satis-
factory rose. We have over a hundred thousand plants."

Other glimpses into this correspondence follow :

"We are in need of a good yellow to take the place of Sunburst, which is a
good grower and producer, but subject to weak stem."

"Hadley fills the bill as a rose, but has not been a commercial success be-
cause it is not prolific. Among the newer varieties of red roses I do not see one
to fill the bill."

"There is a strong call at this time for a good white to take the place of
White Killarney, and a good yellow as large and vigorous as Columbia."

"We need a red like Hadley in color, form of flower and fragrance, with the
habit and growth of Shawyer and the keeping qualities of Columbia."

"The greatest need in our business is new roses, as we do not have either a
good forcing red, yellow, pink or white rose today, and the only way to get them
is for every rose-grower to study and practise hybridizing. The scale for judg-
ing new roses should be changed, and 50 points be given for productiveness;
awards of merit should not be given to new roses unless they are more produc-
tive than our present varieties, no matter what other qualities they have."

"I personally think a Red Columbia would be the greatest achievement
right now for both producer and seller."*

"We also need an enlightenment on the best fertilizers to use for roses, as
this commodity is getting scarcer."

"Although oiu" experience with Premier is still very limited, we believe it is
an ideal type of rose. It is very double, with fine foliage, and makes a very
quick growth. The form of the bud is good because the petals do not reflex
like Columbia, making it a better shipper."

"What we need mostly today is a good white and a good yellow rose."

Expressions concerning other than rose qualities appeared in
several cases. They are distinctly worth quoting from:

"There is need of a more perfect accounting system in the growing end of
the florist business."

"We need more advertising with the public. In other words, we need
publicity, salesmanship and education."

"With respect to rose-selling there is needed a standard system of grading
roses. It seems that no two growers have the same method of grading. There
are some who do not pick out crippled or deformed flowers, nor crooked-
stemmed ones."

"Rose-growing for cut-floAvers would be as good as ever if the three branches
of the florist business would cooperate. The grower, the wholesaler, and the
retailer must work together without distrust."

Such is the hundred-million rose story ! Read with the ideals
of the hybridizers, and with the record of their progress, it is a
great possibility that 1920 and 1921 present.

*This desire runs parallel with the coming of the Red Columbia, aa reported on page
125. — Editor.

The Rose City— Portland, Oregon

Compiled by THE EDITOR from Letters

FAVORED by a climate unexcelled for rose-culture, with
soils varying from sandy loam to hard clay over gravel
beds, and with a range of elevations from practically sea-
level to an altitude of 1,200 feet, Portland, Ore., offers its
citizens unusual opportunities for rose culture. To such an
extent have they taken advantage of these gifts of nature that
they have earned for Portland its title, "The Rose City."

As long ago as 1899, a handful of the rose-growers organized
the Portland Rose Society. Since that time Portland has had its
yearly rose show in which amateurs only have exhibited. In
this show, there are usually about 500 displays made by between
250 and 300 individual exhibitors. In general, the English
plan of exhibition is followed by displaying specimen blooms in
boxes. Probably these box displays are the largest of their kind
in America. To encourage the cultivation and showing of speci-
men blooms the Portland Rose Society lends the exhibitors
whatever equipment they need.

During the past year, the Portland Rose Society has become
affiliated with the American Rose Society and has now about 375
members enrolled. At the present time an active membership
campaign is being conducted by President H. J. Blaesing, who
predicts that Portland will eventually have a membership of
1,000 in the American Rose Society.

Although rose shows had been held for years in Portland, it
was not until 1905, the year of the Lewis and Clark Exposition,
that the citizens awakened to the realization that its roses were
to be counted among the city's real assets — for the thousands
of strangers who visited Portland during the exposition were
unreserved in their praise of the wonderful blooms. In 1906 the
citizens organized the first rose festival, and since that time
the greater part of a week in June has been devoted to paying
homage to the Queen of Flowers.

Much has been written about the great number of roses used
during the festival week, but one has to visit Portland to com-
prehend the lavishness of the display. In the vehicle parade

(102)

THE ROSE CITY— PORTLAND, OREGON 103

alone 2,000,000 roses were used. These figures can be more
readily understood when one learns that at least 3,000 roses are
required to decorate an ordinary automobile so that it meets
the conditions of the competition. For one parade 80,000 roses
were used to decorate a single piece of fire apparatus. Last year
a certain shipyard used over 100,000 roses in constructing a
model of one of the ships it had built during the war. Visitors
to the city are met at the train and are presented with not one
bloom alone but a whole bouquet of blooms. At the rose show,
and also in the Festival Center, where the city's florists and
nurserymen make their display, roses are distributed with the
greatest freedom.

In past years the Rose Festival, with which the annual rose
show is now combined, was financed by private subscriptions
from the business men of the city. Now that the Portland Rose
Festival is a national institution which attracts thousands of
people to Portland and thereby benefits the entire city, the
Oregon Legislature, at its last session, passed a law permitting
the county commissioners of any county in the state having a
population of more than 100,000 to levy a special tax to pay the
expenses of a county rose festival. The officials of the county in
which Portland is located have levied a tax this year of nine
one-hundredths of a mill, which will produce between $30,000
and $40,000. As the Rose Festival costs between $50,000 and
$60,000, the balance of the fund for this year will be raised out-
side of the tax levy. Portland is possibly the only city in the world
where such an entertainment as its Rose Festival is paid for
from the public funds. The money is expended through a board
of twelve directors who are chosen at a general convention
made up of two delegates each from over 200 organizations.

It would be impossible to tell just how extensive is rose-
growing in Portland. There are 838 miles of streets in Portland,
and probably 200 miles of rose-hedges, for a favorite way of
growing Mme. Caroline Testout, the popular rose of the city,
is as hedges between the sidewalk and the curb. Visitors to the
city can always have cut roses for the asking, and, indeed,
sight-seeing cars have certain routes on which the property-
owners have granted the passengers the privilege of cutting all
the roses they desire.

104 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

The city government, through its Park Bureau, under the
direction of Commissioner S. C. Pier and Park Superintendent
C. P. Keyser, is progressive in rose-culture. In Peninsula Park
is one of the finest show gardens in the country. It covers about
four acres and contains 14,000 rose plants and approximately
1,100 separate named varieties. In Mt. Tabor Park is a nursery
at which are grown annually thousands of roses from slips.
These are distributed each spring to citizens making requests for
them. In Washington Park the Park Bureau has put in the
first unit of what will be, in their opinion, the finest and most
comprehensive rose-garden, either in the United States or
Europe. It was originated by Jesse A. Currey, and the work
was started under the direction of Portland's mayor, Hon.
George L. Baker, who was Park Commissioner at that time.
This garden, which will cover nine acres, will have among its
many features a test section for trying out, in competition,
all the new roses, a collection of the best roses, a botanical and
historical section, a section of highly fragrant roses, a rose
theatre covering about two acres, greenhouses and an experi-
ment station, and a large unit to be known as a "cutting gar-
den," where visitors may have as many blooms as they desire.

No review of rose-growing in Portland would be complete
without mention of the Royal Rosarians, an organization prob-
ably without a parallel in this country. It is composed of one
hundred of the leading men of the city who, during the Rose
Festival and at other times when the city is entertaining dis-
tinguished visitors, act as the official host of the city. Each
member of the society stands sponsor for one rose on the
ojflScial list and is supposed to grow that particular rose in his
garden.

To sum up, rose culture has been the forerunner of democ-
racy in Portland. The butcher, the baker, the lawyer, and the
banker, all grow roses and exhibit them side by side. Only last
year, for instance, one of the highest prizes for the best rose
exhibited was captured by a cobbler's son and the other by the
wife of a retired capitalist. The Portland Rose Society has been
the ruling factor in the promotion of this rose-growing demo-
cratic atmosphere.

Plate XIX. Montgomery Co.'s New Hybrid Tea Rose, Crusader

(See page 133.) (Registered with American Rose Society, 1919)

A June Day in a Garden of Roses

By THE SECRETARY

TOO rare it is in the United States to find anywhere
"A beautiful garden of roses,
Kissed by the morning dew,"

and when one discovers such a spot it gives keen enjoyment.

Few of the members of the American Rose Society reaHzed,
as they traveled to Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa., on the
intensely hot June 4, 1919, the wonderful show of beauty which
Capt. George C. Thomas, Jr., had for them. Previous to the
general meeting, which was held in the rose-garden at 2 p.m.,
Captain and Mrs. Thomas entertained the officers, Executive
Committee, and a few friends at a delightful luncheon.

Captain Thomas took advantage of this occasion to christen
his seedling "720," a beautiful rich red, semi-double climber,
"Dr. Huey," in honor of his friend Dr. Robert Huey, of Phila-
delphia.* In his address, he brought to mind that it was Dr.
Huey who first interested him in roses and rose-breeding. It
was in this rose atmosphere that Dr. E. M. Mills, of Syracuse,
N. Y., on behalf of the Executive Committee, presented to the
retiring president, Benjamin Hammond, a beautifully embossed,
leather-bound copy of Captain Thomas' "The Practical Book
of Outdoor Rose-Growing," as a token of appreciation from the
officers and Executive Committee for his fourteen years of
valuable service to the Society — twelve years as secretary and
two years as president. Mr. Hammond responded, voicing the
pleasure which the expression of esteem gave him, speaking also
of how highly he should value the book because of the associa-
tions it would recall to him, and because it was presented to
him in the wonderful rose-garden of the author.

The rose-garden was at its best, and exclamations of surprise
and joy were many as the members greeted their favorites or
saw new beauties. They were all there, from the old, well-known
varieties to the rarer, more recent introductions. On their
smiling faces were expressions of welcome as unmistakable as if
from spoken words. Notable were Captain Thomas' own new

*See Plate VIII, facing page 33.

(105)

106 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

seedlings. It was with difficulty that the visitors were lured
from the living beauties in the garden to the seats in the shade
of the trees, where ex-President Hammond introduced Captain
Thomas, who spoke a few words of welcome. He expressed the
pleasure it gave him to share his roses with others and he hoped
the guests would make the garden theirs for the afternoon. Mr.
J. Horace McFarland discussed "American Roses," emphasizing
the value of the work Dr. Van Fleet and Captain Thomas are
doing in introducing types of roses suited for all American
conditions. He was followed by the "silver-tongued orator from
Indiana," the rosarian who is universally known and loved,
Mr. E. G. Hill. He also paid a tribute to Dr. Van Fleet's,
Captain Thomas' and John Cook's work in rose-breeding, stat-
ing that the infusion of the hardy blood of the Rugosas and
Wichuraianas with that of the Teas and Hybrid Teas was sure
to develop new varieties suited for outdoor growing in the
Middle West.

Mr. Robert Pyle, the newly elected president, closed the
formal program of the afternoon, emphasizing the value of the
work the Society is doing in reaching a large number of rose-
lovers and in carrying to them information which is of inesti-
mable value in rose-growing.

The remainder of the afternoon was spent among the roses.
Among the seedlings a single white was accurately described by
Captain Thomas as a hardy "bush Cherokee;" the flowers were
pure white and nearly four inches across; "46 A" was a very
promising single white climber; "51 A," a single vermilion;
"96C," of the shadeof Crimson Champion; "36M," a pink, free-
flowered variety with long-pointed buds in large clusters; and
"89 A," a single pink climber. In the garden of standard varie-
ties, Frau Melanie Niedick, a salmon-yellow with long-pointed
buds, was exquisite. Other beautiful varieties were Constance,
an intense canary -yellow; Frau Bertha Kiese, a pink on yellow
ground; and Donald Macdonald, an intense orange-carmine.

The combination of gracious hospitality, of a wonderful
garden of old and new roses, and a group of men and women
devoted to the Queen of Flowers made this June day one
never to be forgotten by those present.

New Roses Scientifically Tested

Awards Made by the Portland National Rose Test-Garden

By JESSE A. CURREY

READERS of the Annual will be interested in the result of
the scientific two-year test of all the newer rose seedlings
and sports which has been made at the Portland National
Rose Test-Garden at Portland, Ore.

Columbia, the new silver-pink rose originated by E. G. Hill,
of Richmond, Ind., has been found to be the best variety for
outdoor culture. It therefore received the Gold Medal oJBFered
by the American Rose Society, as well as the Medal of the City
of Portland. It has also been accorded the highest American
rose honor in the award of the Hubbard Gold Medal, given by
the American Rose Society once each five years.

Second honors, and also the special prize of the Portland Rose
Society for the best rose produced by an amateur, were awarded
to seedling "4A" (see plate IX), entered by Capt. George C.
Thomas, Jr., of Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia. This rose will be
formally named at the Portland Rose Festival next June.

The Portland test is probably the most comprehensive of
all those given to new roses and sports. The method of scoring*
used is that described in the 1917 Annual, and was originated by
Dr. Robert Huey, Captain Thomas, and the writer.

The methods of testing differ from those used in other
gardens. The testing-ground is here divided into three sections.
In the first, all roses are given special care and attention to
insure their fullest development. In the second, they are given
the same treatment that the average gardener gives his roses.
In the third section, which is purposely placed at a considerable
distance from the others, the plants receive no care, except
minor cultivation. To ascertain the natural disease-resisting
qualities of the plants, they are neither sprayed nor protected
from insects. The scores of all three sections are averaged.

This system of scoring was highly commended by the judges,
who were Rev. S. S. Sulliger, of Kent, Wash., a judge at the
Portland Rose Show for the past twelve years, a representative

*Method of scoring used by National Rose Society of Australia is given on page 152.

(107)

108 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

of both the American Rose Society and the Portland Rose
Society at the London Show in 1910, and one of the best posted
rosarians of the Pacific Northwest; J. P. Todd, of Seattle, a
leading amateur; and Arthur Bowman, of Portland, an experi-
enced rose-buyer of the Portland Seed Company.
The full list of prize-winners is as follows :

Best rose for general outdoor cultivation. Gold and Silver Medals by the
American Rose Society: First, Columbia, produced by E. G. Hill, of Richmond,
Ind. Second, Seedling "4A," produced by Capt. George C. Thomas, of
Philadelphia.

Best dwarf hush for general outdoor cultivation. — Medals by the city of Port-
land: First, Columbia, produced by E. G. Hill, of Richmond, Ind. Second, Miss
Lolita Armour, produced by Howard & Smith, of Los Angeles, Calif.

Best climbing rose for general outdoor cultivation. — Medals by the city of Port-
land: First, Climbing Lady Hillingdon, produced by Elisha J. Hicks, Hurst,
Berks, England. Second, Bonnie Prince, produced by Thomas J. Cook, of
Boston, Mass.

Best rose for outdoor cultivation produced by an amateur. Special prizes by the
Portland Rose Society: First, Seedling "4A" produced by Capt. George C.
Thomas. Second, Bonnie Prince,* produced by Thomas J. Cook, of Boston.

Best rose for outdoor cultivation produced on the Pacific Coast. Special prize by
the Portland Test-Garden Association: First, Miss Lolita Armour, produced
by Howard & Smith, of Los Angeles, Calif. Second, Oregon Ophelia, produced
by Clarke Bros., Portland, Ore.

Altogether thirty -five seedlings and sports were under test,
and as no rose was scored which had been planted since the
spring of 1918, all had at least two growing seasons. Some of the
roses received from England and Ireland which have been slow
in developing will be tested another season. The only rose to
receive a perfect mark for novelty was Miss Lolita Armour,
which was the sensation of the test.

The average number of blooms produced by the different
varieties scoring more than 80 points follows :

Columbia 74

Seedling "4A" 189

Miss Lolita Armour 44

Mary Hill 73

Bloomfield Abundance 301

Oregon Ophelia 127

Los Angeles 74

Rose Premier 69

Mrs. Walter T. Sumner .... 97

Mrs. Dunlop Best 81

Felicity 133

Climbing Lady Hillingdon .... 104

T. F. Crozier 52

Rose Victory 71

Bonnie Prince 150

Double Ophelia 87

May Martin 149

Teresa Morley 55

H. D. M. Barton 53

Seedling "601" 58

H. P. Pinkerton 44

Golden Spray 53

*Bloomfield Abundance, produced by Captain Thomas made a higher score, but
Xinder the rules of the garden no one can win two prizes in one class.

NEW ROSES SCIENTIFICALLY TESTED 109

The scores made by the varieties which received an average
of more than 80 points, and giving the number of average points
each scored for the various individual quahties, follow:

PORTLAND NATIONAL ROSE TEST-GARDEN— 1919

Points scored on individual qualities by all roses with a total score of 80 points or
more in 1918 and 1919. Compiled at Portland, Ore., by Jesse A. Currey, Jan. |12. 1920.

tt

NAME

OF ROSE

Xi

h

►^

*:>

II

Individual

.2

(3

Quality

a

O

si

Cm

8
§

M
m
u

o

T3 g

'Si a

n

<

o

►-5

s

u

PL,
O

2c»

Q

5

Novelty . . .

4.33

4.

5.

3.33

4.

2.33

4.

2.66

3.33

3.

.66

10

Color . .

10.

8.33

10.

9.33

7.

10.

9.

10.

9.33

9.33

8.

5

Fragrance

5.

5.

3.66

4.66

5.

5.

4.

4.66

4.66

3.

4.66

10

Lasting

10.

10.

9.33

10.

10.

9.33

8.66

10.

9.

9.

9.

10

Shape . .

9.66

8.

9.33

8.66

9.

10.

8.33

9.66

8.33

10.

8.

.5

Substance

5.

4.33

5.

3.66

4.

5.

5.

5.

5.

5.

5.

5

Petalage .

5.

5.

5.

5.

5.

3.66

4.66

5.

2.66

4.33

5.

5

Size . . .

5.

4.66

5.

5.

4.66

4.66

0.

5.

4.66

4.66

4.66

15

Blooming .

15.

15.

12.33

15.

15.

14.66

14.33

14.

15.

14,

15.

10

Hardiness

10.

10.

10.

10.

10.

10.

10.

10.

10.

9.33

10.

10

Foliage . .

10.

10.

9.

9.

10.

9.

9.66

7.

10.

10.

10.

5

Growth

5.

5.

5.

5.

5.

5.

5.

5.

5.

5.

5.

5

Stem . .

4.66

4.66

5.

4.66

4.66

4.66

4.66

4.33

5.

4.33

4.66

100

Total .

98.66

94.

93.66

93.33

93.33

93.33

92.33

92.33

92.

91.

89.66

i-t

NAME OF ROSE

B

35

Individual
Quality

a
o
•a

c

1
O

>>

a

s

J3

a
O

a

o

a
o

«

o

a
2

<u
a
S

>>

1

s

«
s

o

>

§

P

H

Q

a,

2

"o

a

5

Novelty . . .

2.66

3.66

1.66

4.

1.66

.66

2.33

1.33

1.66

2.

10

Color . .

10.

10.

9.33

9.

8.33

9.33

9.

8.66

5.5

9.33

8.66

b

Fragrance

4.

2.33

4.33

3.

4.

4.

5.

2.66

5.0

4.66

4.33

10

Lasting

8.66

8.

8.66

8.33

8.33

7.

8.33

8.33

10.

7.33

5.66

10

Shape . .

9.33

8.

9.33

7.66

8.33

8.33

9.

7.33

7.5

8.33

7.33

b

Substance

3.66

5.

4.66

3.66

3.33

3.66

4.66

4.33

4.

4.33

4.33

b

Petalage .

3.33

4.66

3.33

3.66

5.

4.

5.

5.

5.

3.33

2.33

6

Size . . .

4.33

5.

9.66

4.33

4.

3.33

3.33

4.66

5.

4.33

5.

lb

Blooming .

15.

12.66

13.

13.33

15.

15.

14.

11.66

11.

9.33

13.33

10

Hardiness

8.33

10.

10.

10.

9.33

10.

10.

10.

10.

10.

10.

10

Foliage . .

10.

9.

8.66

8.33

8.

9.66

5.

10.

10.

8.66

9.

6

Growth

4.

4.66

5.

5.

5.

5.

4.33

3.33

4.

4.66

4.

b

Stem . .

5.

4.33

4.66

5.

4.66

4.66

4.33

4.66

4.5

4.66

4.66

100

Total .

88.33

87.33

87.33

85.33

85.

84.66

84.33

82.

81.5

80.66

80.66

Getting Better Rose Descriptions

By THE EDITOR

A KIND correspondent in Illinois, a member of the Ameri-
can Rose Society, writes me under date of Jan. 24, 1920,
as follows:

"From a leading 1920 rose catalogue I cull the following 'descriptive' terms
as aids to the amateur buyer. These apply to a list of 113 Hybrid Teas:

finest
enormous
perfectly hardy
great
greatest
remarkably
magnificent
extremely hardy
wonderful
immense in size
most delightfully
splendid substance
ideal variety
striking efifect
model of perfection
very popular
very large
very fine
very unique
very lovely
very free-flowering
very distinct
very full
very sweetly
very vigorous
very attractive

very strong
very fragrant
very graceful
very best
superb build
marvelous profusion
gorgeous sight
magnificent showing
delightfully fragrant
most remarkable
extremely large
bold and massive
in constant bloom
most brilliant
blooming constantly
delightful fragrance
perfect finish
strong, robust grower
phenomenally strong
very largest size imaginable
produced a sensation
monster blooms
constantly in flower
large, bold, double bloom
most popular
creates a sensation

simply immense

particularly handsome

full and magnificent forma-
tion

magnificent, large, full,
double blooms

profuse bloomer

without a superior

perfection in every line

absolutely hardy

exceedingly free-blooming

hardy everywhere

most beautiful

highly fragrant

unusual attractiveness

magnificent giant

marvels of beauty

extra hardy

even more dazzling

massive petals
highly double
perfectly double
magnificent formation

"Some of the roses would blush from mere modesty could they read their
own descriptions. The terms are used over and over again, presenting on the
whole a dead level of indiscriminate praise from which the untutored but hope-
ful amateur will try to select.

"I learned more about roses from the praise that one prominent dealer left
out of his book than from all the other catalogues put together. A few good
varieties, clearly described, with such faults as they have admitted, would be
more instructive than to try to find place in the catalogue for all the roses
propagated in the last twenty years, with such lavish praise.

"Respectfully,

"W. A. ROEBUCK."

Mr. Roebuck voices picturesquely a very real disadvantage
which amateur rose-growers now endure. True, not all cata-
logue men describe with the aid of flamboyant adjectives, but
very few indeed of the descriptions are accurate to the extent
of stating the disadvantages as well as the advantages of the
roses they offer. For several years there has existed the desire

(110)

GETTING BETTER ROSE DESCRIPTIONS 111

to prepare a catalogue of roses in American commerce which
would accurately describe those roses. At first this did not seem
to be a great task, but when it was taken up with the thought
of completion, its complexity soon became apparent.

To begin with, when is a rose in American commerce? Is its
presentation, quoted from a foreign description, in one cata-
logue, which thereafter forgets it, sufficient to give it a per-
manent place.? If not, what is the criterion which could entitle
it to a place in a catalogue of roses issued by the American
Rose Society?

Then, the next difficulty appeared in scanning existing avail-
able descriptions. Not many who describe roses tell all about
their own pets. Too often essential items are omitted, because
the describer has taken them for granted. Too often, also,
descriptions are flagrantly astray or obscure.

As the best way to begin a catalogue, more comprehensive
and more accurate than any existing in the world today, a
card of inquiry was prepared, and this card was sent to a dozen
or more acute amateur and professional rose-growers and rose-
lovers for suggestions and criticisms. The result was finally the
preparation of the standard card reproduced on page 112,
which on its two sides will present all there is to know about a
rose, provided the describer checks it carefully.

Some thousands of these cards have been sent out. It is now
the rule, when a new rose is learned of, to send to its originator,
if he can be found, this card, and to urge him to fill it out. Some
of our foreign friends were quite reluctant to do this, referring
us instead to their adjectival catalogue descriptions, but, upon
plainly saying that we would not mention a rose so described,
they have usually "come across" with the checked descriptions
on the standard card. On pages 126 to 136 will be found many
descriptions prepared directly from these checked cards, all
such descriptions having an asterisk preceding the name.

In 1920 it is hoped to place many of these cards in the hands
of observers who have access to many varieties, and to have
them come back with descriptions accurately checked. There
would then be, where duplicate descriptions occurred, as would
be and ought to be the case, a careful scanning and combination
so that the resulting description would either be a composite or

112

THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

would be varied in respect to the behavior of a particular rose
in various climates and locations and for various uses.

The members of the American Rose Society who are inter-
ested are asked to write the Editor for these cards, which, if
there is a promise to return them with reasonable promptness,
will gladly be supplied free of cost to responsible inquirers.

AMERJCAW ROSE SOCIETYS OPnClAL RECOgb CARP 0> ROSE IKFORMaTIGN

OnginatoT-
Paenlage-

Typ*~

BVD— 5tM. Vtryluse. Lvov Mvdiuia. SoiaO. Pont^ Loat-pouildd. Ovoid. Clobulw.

Cob*: (It dtSotenl trok UkU ot okicsi.t

BLOOM — btooiKi benu. 8iii^7- 8*r*Dnl UtgcUicf Iti iluatrrk

Sim.- Very Urfti. Lwaa MMfinm. BiiutU. Onmwm: Loar Mediuo.. Btaorv Sirooft. NmisbI Wchk.

Form. PulL Open. Copped. H«t>o«Dt«t. Olobolv. Piakut** 3iQ«i«. benu-daiibUt. Double \**y <li.t)blfe.

LaUM>n ^taa/ifv. V»> «ood. Good. Fw. Poor. Pttoi-vvrritunn*: Drop od cIbkJjt. BUng ou

^ofrranca. SbcbL. Moderate. 8iron£. iNdI« m^t i«oDi>ai'iii i

Cotar. I

OVER

A plan has been devised under which it is hoped to present
in the 1921 Annual certain standards for color description, using
a novel method of no complexity by which the hues of any rose
may be accurately described. This method contemplates the
use of rose texture as well as rose colors in descriptions.

Let us get rid of the guff and gush and stuff and nonsense in
rose descriptions, so that American rose catalogues will come to
be closely accurate, stating the facts upon which good people
will buy many more roses than they now buy upon "hot air."

Plate XX. The Prize-winning English Roses of 1919

1, Mrs. Henry Morse; 2, Mrs Arthur Johnson; 3, Martha Drew; 4, Mrs. Charles Laniplough;

5, Victory; 6, Miriam; 7, Rose Berkeley; 8, Evelyn Thornton; 9, Irene Thompson.
(Photographs by courtesy of Courtney Page, Hon. Sec. National Rose Society of England)

(See page 115)

The New Roses

AN EDITORIAL SURVEY

To acquaint the members of the American Rose Society with rose
progress the world over is a function of the American Rose Annual. This
year the showing is rather extensive, due to the natural activity abroad
following the war. It is believed the survey which follows includes all
or nearly all varieties offered in commerce in Europe or America, as
well as some of which advance descriptions have been obtained.

To make descriptions completely accessible, an index follows, re-
ferring to the page on which information may be found.

INDEX OF NEW ROSES MENTIONED IN THE 1920 ANNUAL

Abendrote, 136.
A. F., 124, 126.
Argyll, 23, 126. [130.

Aspirant Marcel Rouyer,
Augusts Gervaise, 123.
Australia Felix, 136.
Beaute Orleanaise, 130.
Benedicte Seguin, 124.
Benedictus, 134.
Bloomfield Abundance, 132.
Bloomfield Perpetual, 132.
Bloomfield Progress, 132.
Borderer, 136.
Capitaine Georges Dessirier

130.
Capt. F. Bald, 117, 121, 126.
Charles K. Douglas, 126.
Citronelle, 125.
Clara Curtis, 116, 121, 126.
Climbing Chateau de Clos

Vougeot, 126.
Climbing H.V. Machin, 126.
Col. Oswald Fitzgerald, 121.
Comtesse d'Ansembourg,

134.
Comtesse de Cassagne, 130.
Covent Garden, 127.
Coralie, 127.
Cornelia, 132.
Countess of Londsale, 127.
Countess of Warwick, 117,

120, 127.
Crusader, 133.
Dr. Helfferich, 136.
Dr. Huey, 133.
Duchess of Abercorn, 127.
Edel, 122, 127.
Edith Cavell, 120, 127.

E. Godfrey Brown, 127.
Evelyn Thornton, 117, 120,
Evening Star, 127. [127.
Exquisite, 127.

Felicity, 133.
Fernand Rabier, 123.

F. J. Grootendorst, 134.
Frank W. Dunlop, 133.
Frau Dr. Kriiger, 136.
Frau Hedwig Wagner, 136.
General Don, 131.
General Snyders, 135.
Golden Pirrie, 124.
Glorified La France, 133.
Glowworm, 120, 127.

Golden Emblem, 122.
Golden Glow, 127.
Golden Rule, 125.
Grand-P^re Lottin, 131.
Hawlmark Crimson, 120.
Hawlmark Scarlet, 117, 120.
Heinrich Conr. Soth, 136.
Hortulanus Fiet, 135.
Indefectible, 131 [128.

Independence Day, 116, 120,
Irene Thompson, 116, 121.
Irish Afterglow, 121.
Jacques Hackenburg, 135.
Jean C. N. Forestier, 122,
Jessie, 124. [123, 131.

Joan, 128.
John Davison, 128.
Kathleen Harrop, 128.
Kew Beauty, 128.
K. of K., 121, 123.
Konigin Viktoria von Sch-

weden, 136.
Lady Beatty, 128.
Lady Dickson, 128. [128.
Lady Gwendoline Colvin,
La France Victorieuse, 124,

131.
Lisbeth Stellmacher, 136.
Lolette-Dupain, 131.
Lord Kitchener, 128.
Louise Baldwin, 128.
Lulu, 120, 128.
Margchal Foch, 131.
Martha Drew, 116, 122.
Max Graf, 133.
Mermaid, 124.
Mevrouw A. Del Court Van

Krimpen, 135.
MevTouw Boreel Van Hoge-

lander, 135. [135.

Mevrouw Natalie Nypels,
Mevrouw Smits Gompertz,
Miriam, 116, 120, 128. [135.
Miss Lolita Armour, 133.
Mme. Andre Schwartz, 123.
Mme. Annette Aynard,

124, 135.
Mme. EmilleThierrard,131.
Mme. E. Rocque, 131.
Mme. Raymond Chevalier-

Appert, 123, 131. [121.
Mrs. Arthur Johnson, 117,
Mrs. A. W. Atkinson, 128.

(113)

Mrs. Chaplin, 129.

Mrs. Charles Lamplough,

115, 121.
Mrs. Curnock Sawday, 129.
Mrs. C. v. Haworth, 116,

120, 129. [129.

Mrs. C. W. Dunbar-BuUer,
Mrs. Edith Stanley, 129.
Mrs. Elisha Hicks, 129.
Mrs. Farmer, 123.
Mrs. Henry Morse, 116,

121 129.
Mrs. H. R.' Darlington, 115,
Mrs. John Cook, 133. [121.
Mrs. J. Searl, 124.
Mrs. Ramon deEscofet,129.
Mrs. Redford, 129.
Mrs. S. K. Rindge, 133.
Mrs. Sterling, 133.
Mrs. Walter T. Sumner,
Padre, 120. [134.

Pilgrim, 134.
Pink Beauty, 134.
Prince of Wales, 117.
Princess Juliana, 135.
Prosperity, 129.
Red Columbia, 125, 126,
Romeo, 130. [134.

Rosalie Walker, 130.
Rose Berkeley, 117.
Rose Marie, 134.
Sceptre, 117.
Sea Foam, 130.
Silver Star, 134.
Sir Walter Raleigh, 132.
Souv. de Claudius Pernet,

124, 132. [132.

Souv. de George Beckwith,
Souv. du S6nateur Bazire.
Star of Persia, 130. [132.
Sunny South, 136.
Sunshine, 130.
Suzanne Turbat, 123, 132.
Sweetness, 117.
The Dowager Countess of

Roden, 130.
The Queen Alexandra Rose,
Tim Page, 117. [122.

Toreador, 130.
Victory, 116.
Walkure, 136.
White Star, 130.
Wm. F. Dreer, 134.

114 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

New English Roses of 1919

By COURTNEY PAGE
Hon. Secretary National Rose Society of England

Editor's Note. — It is with much gratification that we present this friendly
and fraternal discussion of the new English roses which have passed the critical
inspection and received the approval of the experienced authorities of the great
rose organization of which Mr. Page is the efficient Secretary. (These roses
are also critically discussed on page 118 by Mr. Wettern.) Through Mr. Page's
further courtesy, we are able to show pictures (in Plate XX, facing page 112)
of nine of these new roses. Those thus marked (f) are illustrated.

It is proper to take this opportunity to mention the desirability for American
rose-lovers of membership in the National Rose Society of England, by all
means the largest and most influential rose organization in the world. Members
receive the notable Annual and other publications of the Society. The cost is a
half guinea — about $2.50 — which may be forwarded by a postal order drawn to
the National Rose Society, and mailed to Mr. Coiu-tney Page, Hon. Secretary,
25 Victoria St., Westminster, S. W. I., London, England.

THE raising of new varieties of roses in Britain has made
very rapid strides during the past ten years. Prior to the
war, it was quite a common sight to see from fifty to one
hundred new varieties staged for an award at any one of the
National Rose Society's exhibitions. The exigencies of the war
very naturally acted as a setback, but now that strife is hushed,
we were able, during 1919, to get back to somewhat normal
times again.

The origination of new varieties of roses is not now entirely
brought about by the trade. Amateurs are taking a hand in their
production, and one looks forward to seeing, during 1920, a
very large addition to the present existing varieties of roses.

New varieties of roses are, in this country, placed in two
sections: (1) exhibition roses; (2) garden and decorative roses.
By the term "exhibition rose," it is understood that that
particular variety is best suited for staging in exhibition boxes
or for specimen blooms only. A "garden and decorative rose"
is understood to be one best suited for general cultivation.

A Gold Medal and a Certificate of Merit are the awards avail-
able to new varieties, and not less than six blooms of any variety
may be staged. The awards are made at the National Rose
Society's shows, by a specially appointed committee, to roses
grown under prescribed conditions, and the roses that receive
the highest award, the Gold Medal, are known as "Gold Medal

THE NEW ROSES 115

roses." The primary object of these awards is to encourage the
raiser in his efforts to produce new and improved varieties.

When the awards are made, the new roses are not yet in
commerce. The raiser sets up his blooms for exhibition, accom-
panied by a plant of the variety shown. The New Seedling Rose
Committee has to decide on its merits : Is it of merit as a novelty;
is it an advance on existing varieties; does the plant submitted
indicate a reasonably vigorous habit of growth; is it free-flower-
ing; what are its qualities as to freedom from mildew, sweet-
ness of scent, etc., according to the section to which it belongs?

Of the numberless seedlings raised, a very small number are
ever submitted for an award. That well-known rosarian, Mr.
Frank Cant, when visiting the renowned Irish raiser, Hugh
Dickson, at Belfast, while walking around the nursery grounds,
came across a wagon loaded with rose trees. On inquiring of
Mr. Dickson their destination, he was told, "the trash fire."
They were the new seedling "no-goods."

The Certificate of Merit is given when a new variety is not,
when shown, up to the high standard required by the New Seed-
ling Committee, and it means that they desire to see that
particular variety again at a future date. These two awards
have now been so generally recognized by raisers of new roses
that very few new varieties of merit are now sent out without
one or the other of these awards attached to their names.

Lately there has been, for some reason or other, a tendency
on the part of a certain section of the gardening press, to de-
preciate the value of the Gold Medal award. It is quite easy to
criticize after the event, but, you on your side may rest assured
that the Gold Medal takes some effort in winning, and that the
award is made on merit, and on merit alone.

For our American friends I am glad to describe briefly the
Gold Medal roses of the year 1919: [Those followed by this
sign (t) are illustrated in Plate XX, opposite page 112. — Ed.]

Mrs. Charles Lamplough, H.T.f (S. McGredy & Son.) An enormous, full,
exhibition rose, with broad, shapely petals. The color is a clear cream. An ideal
back-row bloom, lasting well. The plant exhibited was of vigorous habit, which
is a good sign, as one expects only robust growth with the latter-day enormous
blooms. In commerce.

Mrs. H. R. Darlington, H.T. (S. McGredy & Son.) An enormous, finely
shaped bloom, almost identical with Mrs. Charles Lamplough, with the excep-

116 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

tion of color, which is a pale yellow. A free, lasting exhibition Rose. In com-
merce.

Clara Curtis, H.T. (Alex. Dickson & Sons.) A very beautiful rose with
large and very finely formed blooms, quite up to exhibition form. The color
is a clear Marechal Niel yellow, and the perfect blooms are strongly tea-scented.
This appears to be the rose for which we have long waited — a dwarf-growing
Marechal Niel — and the raisers should be congratulated on the result of their
efiFort. It was awarded the Silver Medal at the Summer Show for the best Hy-
brid Tea exhibited by a nurseryman. In commerce in 1920.

Martha Drew, H.T.j (S. McGredy & Son.) A fine, large-petaled rose of
vigorous habit. The large blooms, which are carried erect on long, stiff stems,
are of a fine pointed shape; sweetly scented. The color — flesh-tinted rose —
somewhat reminds one of Mrs. Theodore Roosevelt. It is one of the prettiest
varieties we have had for some time.

Victory, H.T.f (S. McGredy & Son.) A very fine dark red rose of vigorous
growth. The moderately scented blooms are well shaped, with high-pointed
center, and are carried on long, stiff stems. The foliage is a pretty olive-green,
making the bloom very attractive. It promises to become a very popular
variety for bedding and growing under glass. In commerce.*

Mrs. Henry Morse, H.T.f (S. McGredy & Son.) The raiser has given us some
very fine varieties, but I very much doubt if he has produced a finer rose than
this. Of very vigorous habit and the blooms are long and shapely, of a lovely
bright pink, shaded salmon, deeper at the base, with a distinct tea scent. An
ideal rose for bedding and pot-work. May best be described as a glorified Mme.
Abel Chatenay. In commerce.

Independence Day, Per. (Bees, Ltd.) Mme. Edouard Herriot X Souv.
de Gustave Prat. The blooms are of a good shape and are carried erect on strong
stems. The color, a bright flame, is very attractive. The foliage is a bright,
shiny dark green, and there was no trace of mildew or black spot to be detected
in the unusually large, massed exhibit. This rose marks a new era in the Herriot
type, the blooms being erect and the center petals taking a more pointed shape.
It is a good grower and will be excellent for garden and bedding purposes. In
commerce.

Irene Thompson, H.T.f (S. McGredy & Son.) This is a further development
of the Marquise de Sinety type of bloom; globular in shape, and of a deep orange
color; tea-scented. The plant exhibited was of vigorous habit, and only slightly
tainted with mildew.

Mrs. C. V. Haworth, H.T. (Alex. Dickson & Sons.) One of the prettiest
decorative roses the raisers have yet given us. The color is somewhat diflBcult
to describe, being a lovely combination of pink, orange, and yellow. The
flowers are well formed and carried singly on long, stiff, and upright stems, while
the neat, dark green foliage adds greatly to its charm. Altogether a beautiful
rose. In commerce.

Miriam, H.T.f (Rev. J. H. Pemberton.) The blooms of this rose are large,
full, and of somewhat globular form; slightly fragrant. The half -open buds are
very shapely and it is then that the Rose is seen at its best. The color is a deep
orange-salmon, becoming lighter as the bloom expands. The growth is vigorous
and upright. An ideal bedding rose. In commerce.

♦There is an American "Victory," registered with the American Rose Society, April 6,
1918. The duplication of names is deplored as tending toward confusion. — Editob.

THE NEW ROSES 117

The secondary award, or what I have explained as a suspense
award, is the Certificate of Merit, and that honor was given in
1919 to:

Captain F. Bald, H.T. (Alex. Dickson & Sons.) A very large-flowering rose
with fine, pointed center and huge, shell-shaped petals. The color is a soft,
dull, rosy crimson. The plant is of vigorous habit and fairly free from mildew.
In commerce.

Rose Berkeley, H.T.f (S. McGredy & Son.) A very pretty rose, with long-
pointed, bright yellow blooms, very sweetly scented. It reminds one of lona
Herdman, but the plant is altogether a better grower and free from mildew.
An attractive and effective rose for bedding. In commerce.

Sceptre, Per. (S. McGredy & Son.) Of similar growth to The Queen Alexandra
Rose. The blooms, however, are carried erect, with a fine, pointed center, which
is an improvement. The color is a bright flame, shaded orange at the base, the
reverse of the petals a dull yellow. Useful and attractive for bedding. In com-
merce.

Mrs. Arthur Johnson, H.T.f (S. McGredy & Son.) A fine type of rose of
very vigorous growth. The blooms, which are of a good shape, are carried erect
on straight stems. The color is a rich orange-yellow, changing to chrome-yel-
low as the blooms expand. Slightly scented, and free from mildew, it will make
a fine bedder. Altogether a fine rose, only narrowly missing the premier
award. In commerce.

Sweetness, H.T. (S. McGredy & Son.) A very pretty bedding rose of fine
form, the perfectly formed blooms being carried erect on long, stiff stems. The
color is a pleasing shade of soft, intense rose, shaded scarlet. Very sweetly
scented.

Hawlmark Scarlet, T. (Alex. Dickson & Sons.) A brilliant, velvety scarlet-
crimson rose, with shapely blooms, sweetly scented; a vigorous grower. It
appeared to be somewhat impatient to heat. A bedding rose after the style of
Red-Letter Day.

Countess of Warwick, H.T. (W. Easlea.) This rose reminds one somewhat of
Mrs. Foley-Hobbs, though the blooms are not quite so large, but they are,
nevertheless, very attractive; tea-scented. The color, a bright creamy yellow,
is of particular charm by reason of the pale pink edges of the petals. In com-
merce 1920.

Prince of Wales, H.T. (W. Easlea.) A very fine rose, and one that will take
higher honors later on. It is one of those broad-petaled, high-pointed center,
very sweetly scented roses, of which we stand so much in need for bedding. The
color is a bright rosy scarlet, the outer petals shaded to a clear rose. The growth
is vigorous and branching, ideal. In commerce 1920.

Tim Page, Per. (Courtney Page; introduced by W. Easlea.) A rich daffo-
dil-yellow, quite distinct in shade from Golden Emblem, and while it is not
quite so handsome in form, it should prove a grand garden rose, as its growth is
somewhat similar to Louise Catherine Breslau. Very sweetly scented. In com-
merce 1920.

Evelyn Thornton, D. Poly.f (Bees, Ltd.) A free-growing, little Polyantha
rose of dwarf and bushy habit. The blooms are of a soft pink color, with a golden
glow at the base of petals, and golden stamens that make the blooms very attrac-
tive. Perpetual flowering. In commerce.

In my opinion the best roses of the year are Mrs. Henry
Morse, Martha Drew, Victory, and Mrs. Arthur Johnson.

118 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

New Roses in Great Britain

By HERBERT L. WETTERN, London, England

Editor's Note. — It is in line with our desire to give American rose-growers
time- and money-saving information upon all the new roses anywhere produced
that we present three discussions of what Eiu-ope has to offer of 1919 varieties.
Mr. Wettern's angle of description is most interesting, and taken with Mr.
Coiu-tney Page's oflScial determination (see page 114), and the French point of
view, as indicated in Mile. Therese Turbat's translation of the report of the
trials in the Bagatelle Rose-Gardens, on page 122, we may at least have our eyes
open as to the new sorts.

"Is not old wine wholesomest, old pippins tootbsomest?
Old wood burns brightest, old linen wash whitest;
Old soldiers, sweethearts, are surest, and old lovers are
soundest." — Charles Kingsley.

AND yet, in spite of all, the keen rosarian craves for new
XJl roses ! Old lovers may be the soundest, and, in the ma-
jority of eases, they will undoubtedly prove so, for most of
the new roses placed on the market every year are soon "lost
to sight" without even being "to memory dear."

It is the march of civilization; everyone wants to be up-to-
date. But why, it may be asked, should new roses be preferred to
"my grandmother's roses".? Chiefly because with old roses there
was but one crop of bloom, whilst now the perpetual blooming
habit is so much sought after — and rightly so, too — that one ex-
pects roses to bloom almost continuously from May to December.

Whilst such great strides have been made in this direction,
there has certainly been a falling off in the matter of scent, for
the majority of new roses produced fall short of the old sorts in
this respect, in spite of the fact that judges of new roses are
understood to give points for scent. On the whole, however, the
race is improving, and the flowers have better shapes and colors
which last longer, both on the plants and as cut blooms.

The keen amateur, thirsting for knowledge, has little oppor-
tunity of gaining information except by seeing the new rose
blooms at shows and by reading descriptions of them in trade
catalogues and horticultural literature.

At the shows the blooms alone are exhibited, though occa-
sionally one may see a specimen plant deposited on the staging
to show the growth. Nurserymen's catalogues are so descrip-

THE NEW ROSES 119

tive, especially in regard to color, as to be positively bewildering.
One of the newest of new roses is thus described: "Cinnamony
apricot, opening to delightful biscuit fawn ochry buff, reflex
of petals rose-cerise, guard petals flamed rose and zoned prim-
rose." How unique ! What a mixture of colors, fruit, spice, and
everything nice ! One wonders whether "the language of flowers"
is synonymous with "flowery language."

Unless the same keen amateur can visit the raisers' grounds
in various lands, from County Down to Lyons, to see novelties
actually in growth, he can only make his selection from shows
and descriptions.

The rose would particularly need a test-garden wherein
would be grown a few plants of every new variety, so that all
who seek after rose novelties can gain some real knowledge about
them. There let the new roses — and the old ones too — be tested,
if possible, under varying conditions, on different stocks, and
let no gold medal be awarded until a rose has really merited it
after a two or three years' trial.

France has a test-garden at Bagatelle, Paris, and in the
United States several such gardens have been founded during
recent years ; but England has yet nothing of the kind.

Capt. George C. Thomas, Jr., of Chestnut Hill, Philadel-
phia, Pa., has originated quite a unique scheme of scoring
points for no less than thirteen qualifications of a new rose, viz.,
novelty, color, fragrance, lasting, shape, substance, petalage,
size, blooming, hardiness, foliage, growth, and stem. If every
new rose, when submitted to such a critical standard test, could
secure a goodly percentage of points, it would undoubtedly
also win every award possible. One can but hope that the day
is not far distant when a test-garden will be founded in Europe,
working, if possible, in unison with the test-gardens in the
United States and France, so that reports can be exchanged;
and the would-be purchasers of new roses will have far more
first-hand practical guidance than they can ever gain by inspect-
ing blooms at shows and studying rose literature.

The greatest array of new roses this season was at the
National Rose Society's Summer Show, although two of the
great Irish raisers, Messrs. McGredy and Hugh Dickson, were,
unfortunately, unable to send exhibits, the former firm owing

120 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

to frosty weather in June, which completely crippled their
plants — a stroke of real bad luck.

Two Gold Medals were awarded, at this show, to:

Mrs. C. V. Haworth, H.T. (Alex. Dickson & Sons.) This is, undoubtedly,
a beautiful novelty, of good shape, apricot to bu£F in color, with reflex of petals
shading off to cerise. It looks like a thoroughly free-flowering variety and shows
promise of being a real garden rose.

Miriam, H.T. (Rev. J. H. Pemberton.) A bright, new-colored rose, de-
scribed as "capucine," i. e., nasturtium. The flowers are globular, but the growth
of the plant cannot be described, as no specimen was to be seen on the staging.
It should make a fine bedding rose, but would hardly come up to the standard
for an exhibitor's box.

Mr. Walter Easlea, of Eastwood, Leigh-on-Sea, staged,
amongst others, the following novelties :

Countess of Warwick, H.T. A lovely rose which merited a high award at
the hands of the judges, but apparently did not appeal to them. The color is
rich yellow, edged with pink. It should make a good exhibition rose, as the
flowers are large, regular in form, and carried erect, not drooping. The raiser
also claims that it is a fine rose for massing.

Lulu, H.T. This is said to hold the record for the longest bud yet produced.
It seems thin, not unlike Mrs. Alfred Tate, therefore not much of a novelty,
whilst the foliage showed mildew.

Glowworm, Per. A single rose of curious and bright coloring, not unlike
R. Moyesii but slightly more scarlet, suffused with orange; very fragrant and
altogether a novelty. Unfortunately, no plant was exhibited on the staging, so
there was no means of judging the growth, but, according to the raiser, it is
erect, vigorous, and a perpetual bloomer.

Messrs. Bees, Ltd., of Cheshire, showed the following:
Independence Day, Per. Quite a good exhibit, of rich orange color, and said
to be a cross between Mme. Edouard Herriot and Souv. de Gustave Prat, with
very vigorous growth and beautiful foliage. It should make a fine budding and
buttonhole rose. At the Autumn Show of the National Rose Society this rose
was again well shown and received a Gold Medal — the highest honor.

Evelyn Thornton, D. Poly. Pretty clusters of bloom, not unlike Trier, but
somewhat brighter. Very promising and free-flowering.

Messrs. Chaplin Bros., Ltd., of Waltham Cross, showed:

Edith Cavell, H.T. A large white rose, probably most useful for exhibition
purposes. Good growth, but poor foliage, and the blooms look as if they would
split.

In addition to Mrs. C. V. Haworth, Messrs. Alex. Dickson
& Sons, Ltd., showed:

Hawlmark Scarlet, H.T., and Hawlmark Crimson, H.T. The blooms of
these two varieties, although of vivid coloring, were hardly up to the usual
high standard we look for from this great firm.

Messrs. B. R. Cant & Sons, of Colchester, showed:

Padre, H.T. This should be well worth trying. Growth appeared to be very

similar to that of Lady Pirrie, and the color of bloom also, though, if anything,

it seemed slightly darker.

THE NEW ROSES 121

Although now not actually new roses, several fine exhibits
were seen this year of the following introductions of Alex.
Dickson & Sons:

K. of K., which soon proved itself worthy of the Gold Medal awarded to
it two years ago.

Colonel Oswald Fitzgerald was also much better shown this year than last —
perhaps the season suited it better.

Irish Afterglow. A very fine basket of this was also staged, and attracted
a good deal of attention.

At the National Rose Society's Provincial Show, held at
Norwich, four Gold Medals were awarded, of which no less
than three were won by Messrs. S. McGredy & Son, of Porta-
down, Ireland, for their new seedlings, as follows:

Mrs. H. R. Darlington, H.T. A distinct advance on the well-known Tea
rose, Mrs. Foley-Hobbs; a better doer, which holds its head well up. The blooms
are exceptionally large — one actually measured eight inches across and was
perfectly formed.

Mrs. Henry Morse, H.T. A rose that attracts the eye at a glance, the color-
ing being a combination of that of Mme. Abel Chatenay and Lady Pirrie. The
bud is long and opens freely. A good all-round rose, and every bloom comes good
in form.

Mrs. Charles Lamplough, H.T. This rose will be sought after by the keen
exhibitor. It is a large, lemon-yellow sort of great substance and grows rigidly
upright. If exhibitors succeed in growing it as well as its raiser, it should super-
sede the light-colored roses of similar class in exhibitors' boxes.

The fourth Gold Medal was awarded to Messrs. Alex.
Dickson & Sons, for the following:

Clara Curtis, H.T. A striking yellow rose resembling the famous and hitherto
unrivaled Marechal Niel. It is beautiful in form and color, slightly tea-scented,
and, in fact, quite a novelty.

They were also awarded a Certificate of Merit for:

Captain F. Bald, H.T. Crimson color; large, well-formed flowers; a promising
exhibitor's rose.

Mrs. Arthur Johnson, H.T. (S. McGredy & Son.) Also a promising yellow
rose, shading to orange; but are we not overdoing it with these yellow roses?
It almost points to some of them soon being bracketed as synonymous or too-
much-alike varieties.

At the Autumn Show of the National Rose Society, Messrs.
S. McGredy & Son received a Gold Medal for:

Irene Thompson, H.T. Another orange-yellow of good form and firm foli-
age. Not unlike Marquise de Sinety, but much superior — very free and every
flower comes good. It should be a splendid decorative and bedding variety,
and a perpetual bloomer.

122 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

The same firm also showed:

Martha Drew, H.T. An improvement on Mrs. Theodore Roosevelt, which
it resembles, though the blooms are larger and not inclined to flatness. It
should make a good garden and exhibition rose.

Edel, H.T. A fine, promising exhibitor's rose of Florence Forrester type.
It is, perhaps, rather too heavy for an ordinary bedding variety, but has the good
qualification of fragrance. It well deserved an award, which the judges did not
think fit to give it, but perhaps the blooms shown did not like the inclement
weather, or traveling upset them.

At this show the following roses were also well shown by

Messrs. S. McGredy & Son:

The Queen Alexandra Rose, H.T. Its intense vermilion, shaded old-gold
coloring, made a brilliant attraction.

Golden Emblem, H.T. Rich yellow blooms — an improved Rayon d'Or.

At the Test-Garden at Bagatelle, Paris, the Gold Medal
of the year was awarded to Jean C. N. Forestier, a Pernetiana
rose of vigorous growth, scented, and not unlike Mme. Edouard
Herriot.

There are some good entries for next year's judgment, and
although we have not yet settled down to the "piping times of
peace," there seems every indication of a reawakening interest
in the rose-world, for undoubtedly no better hobby could be
sought as a solace and relaxation after the horrors which the
world passed through during the five years of war.

The Bagatelle New Rose Trials

Translated by MLLE. THERESE TURBAT, Orleans, France

Editor's Note. — It is because of the definite desire of the members of the
American Rose Society, as expressed in cards to the Editor, that much attention
is this year paid to the new varieties of roses, both domestic and foreign. This
interesting account of the trials at the wonderful Bagatelle Rose-Gardens near
Paris was written by the Director of the Gardens, for the French journal,
Les Amis des Roses, and kindly translated for us by Mile. Therese Turbat,
daughter of the noted French rosarian. Monsieur E. Turbat, of Orleans, France.

THE meeting of the New Rose Trial Jury was held at Baga-
telle, on June 18, 1919. As previously, the roses to be tested
were received either in the autumn of 1917 or the spring of
1918, at a time of deep inquietude and big difficulties, so you
must not be surprised if this show is in quantity smaller than
the previous years.

THE NEW ROSES 123

The new rose varieties sent this spring by French and foreign
nurserymen, which will be judged next year, are much more
numerous. However, the trial seems to excite the same interest
as previously, in spite of the great difficulties of transportation
and entry into France.

Twenty new rose varieties were received in the spring of 1918,
including twelve from England, four from Orleans, four from
Lyons.

The Gold Medal was obtained by M. Pernet-Ducher, for the
variety Jean C. N. Forestier. He also showed another rose,
Mrs. Farmer.

Jean C. N. Forestier, Per. Strong shrub, healthy and vigorous. The bud, of
elegant shape, is of a lovely bright pink, slightly tinged with yellow; when the
flower opens it is half-double, of a delicate shape, bright red and yellow, deeper
at the aiglet, with very bright green foliage; it has a penetrating perfume.

Mrs. Farmer, Per. Vigorous shrub, with bronze-green foliage; large flower,
not full ; Indian-yellow color, reverse of petals reddish apricot, being a contrast
of a very seductive effect.

The First Certificate was obtained by Argyll, H.T. (Dobbie
& Co.). It is a big white rose, a cross of Mme. Caroline Test-
out and Marquise de Sinety. It seems to be very perpetual.

The other two Certificates were awarded to :

Mme. Raymond Chevalier Appert, H.T. (Guillot.) Strong and very florif-
erous, with dark green foliage; nice elongated buds; flowers big, full, cup-
shaped, of a bright ashy red color. It is a hybrid of General MacArthur and
Richmond.

K. of K. An improvement on Red-Letter Day, mentioned in last year's
competition. It is just the same bright crimson, but instead of being single, as
is Red-Letter Day, it is half-double, with large petals. Seems to be extremely
floriferous, as are all other roses mentioned in this competition. It was origi-
nated by Alex. Dickson & Sons.

The firm of Turbat, of Orleans, showed four new roses, three
of them Wichuraianas. One was Femand Rabier, with deep
scarlet-red flowers. A dwarf Polyantha, very floriferous, strong,
blooming in large corymbs of small, coral-red flowers, is Suzanne
Turbat, which flowers late and lasts until frost.

A new and interesting rose, Mme. Andre Schwartz, was
exhibited by M. Andre Schwartz, of Lyon. It has yellow flowers
and bright green foliage. Auguste Gervaise (Barbier & Co.) is
the result of crossing a climbing Wichuraiana with Le Progres.
It is haK-double and very big for a Wichuraiana Hybrid, with
very numerous flowers; climbing; vigorous. The bloom is yel-

124 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

low, turning slightly to a copper color, and then yellow and
bright pink, and at last white. This very interesting variety
has obtained the Certificate for the best decorative rose.

The firm of Laxton Bros, showed five new varieties, which,
having suffered from a long and very difficult journey, can only
be examined next year. The variety A. F., a cross of Mme.
Abel Chatenay and Richmond, is a vigorous and very florif-
erous variety with a bright pink flower. The flowers of one of
the other varieties, Jessie, are large, a Mayflower-pink, and the
shrub is vigorous and perpetual. Mrs. J. Searl, from Alex,
Dickson & Sons, was remarkable.

The members of the Jury took the opportunity to examine
attentively the very numerous new varieties received last spring,
which will be examined definitely next year.

They admired La France Victorieuse (P. Guillot), a lovely
Hybrid Tea which has very large, tender pink flowers.

Several varieties from Alex. Dickson & Sons, among which,
like Irish Afterglow, you find a tendency to large, single flowers
of a singular ivory and apricot-pink color; very elegant, but
passing very quickly with the sun.

M. Pernet-Ducher has a very nice Pernetiana, with a large
pure yellow flower, in Souvenir de Claudius Fernet. It is a
Rayon d'Or with an elongated bud, long stems, and a large, full
flower. He had also a superb new orange-yellow rose, Benedicte
Seguin, a very vigorous plant with bronzy green foliage and an
abundance of flowers.

The most important Dutch nurseryman, M. Leenders & Co.,
has sent, in spite of the transportation difficulties, five new varie-
ties. One of them, Mme. Annette Aynard, seems very inter-
esting. It has big buds with large, yellow-ivory petals, bordered
with pink; rigid peduncle; very full flowers; fleshy petals. You
can compare it to Mme. Constant Soupert, as the petals,
bordered with pink, were slightly yellow, which gives it quite
a new grace.

Dobbie & Co. have also sent a new yellow-flowered rose in
Golden Pirrie, a sport of Lady Pirrie.

The rose-growers present looked with interest at a new
hybrid from Rosa bracteata and a Tea rose, obtained by W. Paul
& Son, named Mermaid, having large flowers, single and yellow.

THE NEW ROSES 125

This new and rare hybridization may be the beginning of a new
variety which will perhaps be robust under our climate.

Three new varieties from Howard & Smith, of Los Angeles,
Calif., crossed the Atlantic. They had orange and yellow flowers
on very robust plants. There will be an interesting rivalry be-
tween those two friends, Pernet and Howard.

It is very difficult to give an opinion on roses just in place
and which had endured all the traveling dijBBculties, so hard at
the present moment.

The varieties being tested in the 1919-20 trial are 60: There
are sorts from nurserymen of the following nationalities —
10 French, 7 English, 2 Dutch, 1 American, 1 Danish.

The New "Hill" Roses

By THE EDITOR

I ATE letters from E. G. Hill and from his capable son, Joseph
J H. Hill, give most interesting news concerning the important
productions that come from Richmond, Ind. Mr. E. G.
Hill writes as follows:

"I know that it is not excuses nor explanations that you want, but a little
report for the Annual of the outlook for the coming year in new roses; namely,
What is on the horizon here at Richmond?

"Of the E. G. Hill Company's notable 'set' of which Columbia and Rose
Premier are members, another seedling, named Golden Rule, will rank among
good yellows, and will be introduced by the E. G. Hill Company and the
Joseph H. Hill Company jointly. This is already in demand in the market where
the 'tops' have been sold, as it is a diu-able, free, handsome, commercial rose.

"A seedling of 1918 at the E. G. Hill Company's place is a 'fancy' yellow,
called Citronelle — a cross of Sunburst and an unnamed seedling. It is citron-
yellow with blush shadings, heavy texture and dark foliage. It will be given a
careful try-out the coming season.

"A large number of seedlings, sown some ten weeks ago, are up in beautiful
shape, probably the best lot of little plants ever germinated by this firm, all
of which may prove single — or worthless — you never can tell! But they are
good-looking little fellows and of very choice parentage.

"At the Joseph H. HiU place, there is a crimson-scarlet sport of Columbia,
already ofiFered for registration as Red Columbia. There is no doubt that this
is one of the coming American roses for forcing. It has all the good qualities of
the parent in habit and health, with lovely dark foliage, and a fine flower of
velvety crimson-scarlet.

"Fred Lemon has also been using the camel's-hair brush to good purpose,
and has secured a white rose of good commercial promise; it has both Ophelia
and Columbia blood in its cross, and is a substantial flower, opening from a

126 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

nicely pointed bud; has plenty of petals and is white, with light lemon shadings —
a color badly needed.

"Besides these novelties of the three firms, E. G. Hill, as usual, has a goodly
number of imported novelties on trial — all of them a pure 'gamble' from the
American florists' point of view, but a source of great pleasure to the grower,
as he watches their development in America's free air."

Concerning Red Columbia, Joseph H. Hill says:

"We think we have a wonderful red rose. The color has a little more scarlet
in it than Hoosier Beauty. The bud is long and pointed, and the guard petals,
unlike those of Columbia, are long and encase the bud perfectly. The foliage
comes up well to the flowers, the long neck of Columbia being absent, though both
the style of growth and the foliage, with this exception, are identical with Colimibi.

"This rose appeared on our place last year, and at that time a few of the
petals were flecked with white. We propagated from this plant, and this year
we had one plant come through with a solid red flower, following with other
flowers, all of them identical."

New Rose Introductions

GREAT BRITAIN

A. F., H.T. (Laxton Bros., 1920.) Mme. Abel Chatenay X Richmond.
Flowers bright pink. Very vigorous grower; abundant bloomer.

Argyll, H.T. (Dobbie & Co., 19—.) Mme. Caroline Testout X Marquise
de Sinety. Buds and flowers large, pure white. Seems to be perpetual. Certi-
ficate No. 1, Bagatelle, 1918.

*Captain F. Bald, H.T. (A. Dickson & Sons, 1919.) Bud large, globular;
flower large, very double, globular, borne singly on good stem; lasting; delicate
fragrance. Color velvety black, sheened scarlet-crimson. Foliage abundant,
large, wrinkled, rich green. A vigorous grower of upright, bushy habit, produc-
ing an abundance of blooms. Very hardy. Certificate of Merit, N. R. S.,
Provincial Show, Norwich, 1919.

Charles K. Douglas, H.T. (Hugh Dickson, 1919.) Bud large, long-pointed;
flower large, full, double; sweet fragrance. Color intense flaming scarlet, flushed
bright velvety crimson. Foliage dark green; disease resistant. Vigorous, up-
right grower; produces an abundance of blooms from June to October.

Clara Curtis, H.T. (A. Dickson & Sons, 1920.) Type, Marechal Niel. A
striking yellow rose of beautiful form and color, slightly tea-scented. Gold
Medal, N. R. S., Provincial Show, Norwich, 1919.

*Climbing Chateau de Clos Vougeot, CI. H.T. (H. Morse, 1920.) Sport of
Chateau de Clos Vougeot. Bud very large; flower very large, full, open form,
very double, borne singly and several together on long stems; very lasting;
strong fragrance. Color same as parent but better shaped flower. Foliage
abundant, medium size, leathery, rich green; disease resistant. Very vigorous
and free blooming, producing its blooms from June to September. Very hardy.

Climbing H. V. Machin, CI. H.T. (Hugh Dickson, 1919.) Sport of H. V.
Machin. Bud large; flower large, full, double. Color deep scarlet, shaded crim-
on. Vigorous grower; profuse bloomer.

♦All varieties starred are described from data supplied by originators on American
Rose Society's Official Record Cards (see page 112).

THE NEW ROSES 127

Coralie, H.W. (W. Paul & Son, 1919.) Flower large for its class, double;
very lasting. Color coral-red, changing to deep pink. Foliage glossy green.
Climber.

Countess of Lonsdale, H.T. (Hugh Dickson, 1919.) Bud medium size;
flower medium size, full, double; strong, sweet fragrance. Color deep cadmium-
yellow. Foliage, young growth deep, bronzy red. Vigorous grower of bushy
habit; free bloomer.

Countess of Warwick, H.T. (W. Easlea, 1919.) Flowers large, regular in
form, carried erect on good stems. Color lemon-yellow, edged with pink.
Vigorous upright grower. Certificate of Merit, N. R. S., 1919.

Covent Garden, H.T. (B. R. Cant & Sons, 1919.) Flower well formed, on
long, strong stems. Color rich, deep crimson, with plum-black flushes on reverse
of petals. Foliage leathery, glossy green; disease resistant. Vigorous, upright
grower, bloomingcontinuously from June to October. Gold Medal, N. R. S., 1918.

Duchess of Ahercorn, H.T. (Hugh Dickson, 1919.) Flowers beautifully
formed, large, full, double. Color creamy white, flushed and tinted bright rose
at edges of petals. Vigorous, upright grower of branching habit; free and con-
tinuous bloomer from June to October.

Edel, H.T. (McGredy & Son, 1919.) Type, Florence Forrester. Bud very
large; flower very large, double, well built, stately, opens well in all weathers;
sweet fragrance. Color white, with the faintest ivory shading toward base,
passing to piu-e white. Foliage bold and distinct. Very vigorous grower; free
bloomer. Certificate of Merit, N. R. S., 1917.

Ediih Cavell, H.T. (Chaplin Bros., 1918.) Type, Duchess of Portland.
Bud long-pointed; flower double, high center, well shaped, borne singly on long,
strong stem. Color pale lemon-white. Vigorous, upright grower. Certificate
of Merit, N. R. S.

E. Godfrey Brown, H.T. (Hugh Dickson, 1919.) Bud very large; flower very
large, full, high center, very double, borne on long, strong stem; very lasting;
strong, sweet fragance. Foliage stout and clean. Color deep reddish crimson
of even shade which is very lasting. Vigorous, upright grower.

*Evelyn Thornton, Poly. (Bees, Ltd., 1919.) Leonie Lamesch X Mrs. W. H.
Cutbush. Bud medium size; flower medium size, full, double, open form, borne
in clusters on medium-length stems; very lasting; fragrant. Color shell-pink,
deepening to salmon and lemon with orange shading. Foliage abundant, large,
leathery, glossy, dark, bronzy green; disease resistant. Vigorous grower of
bushy habit; blooms profusely all season. Award of Merit, N. R. S., 1919.

*Evenrng Star, Per. (H. Morse, 1919.) Sport of Mme. Edouard Herriot.
Type, same as parent. Bud medium size; flower large, full, globular, double,
borne several together, on average-length stems; lasting; slight fragrance. Color
golden yellow, shaded apricot. Foliage abundant, large, glossy light green;
disease resistant. Vigorous climber of bushy habit; profuse and continuous
bloomer. Very hardy.

Exquisite, H.T. (Therkildsen, 1919.) Long-pointed flower, with outer petals
reflexing. Color creamy yellow, flushed with rose. Growth vigorous, upright;
free-flowering; almost mildew-proof.

Glowworm, Per. (W. Easlea, 1919.) Flower semi-single, with moderate
fragrance. Color rich scarlet-red, suffused coppery orange; often as brilliant as
the Austrian Copper Briar. Vigorous, upright grower; abundant, continuous
bloomer.

Golden Glow, Per. (Chaplin Bros., 1918.) Sport of Mme. Edouard Herriot.
Bud long-pointed; flower full, double, high center. Color apricot, shaded bronzy
orange. Foliage dark green.

128 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

*Independence Day, H.T. (Bees, Ltd., 1919.) Mme. Edouard Herriot X
Souv. de Gustave Prat. Bud medium size, long-pointed; flower medium size,
globular, double, high center, borne, several together, on long, strong stem; very
lasting; strong fragrance. Color sunflower-gold, stained with flame-color, over-
laying orange-apricot, all of which tints are fused together in the mature bloom.
Foliage abundant, mediimi size, leathery, glossy, dark green; disease resistant.
A vigorous, upright grower, reaching a height of 2 to 23^ feet; free and con-
tinuous bloomer from June to October. Award of Merit and Gold Medal,
N. R. S., 1919.

Joan, H.T. (J. H. Pemberton, 1919.) Bud peach-color; flower small, semi-
single, borne in erect clusters, copper-color. Foliage small, glossy, dark green;
disease resistant. Dwarf, compact grower.

John Davison, H.T. (McGredy & Son, 1919.) Bud long-pointed; flower
large, full, double, high center, perfect form; sweet fragrance. Color deep rich
crimson, shaded velvety crimson — very lasting. Good habit of growth; con-
tinuous bloomer. Gold Medal, Irish Rose and Floral Society.

*Kathleen Harrop, Bour. (A. Dickson & Sons, 1919.) Sport of Zephirine
Drouhin. Bud large; flower large, semi-double; moderate fragrance. Color
soft, pale shell-pink. In all other respects like Zephirine Drouhin.

Kew Beauty, H.T. (Therkildsen, 1919.) Bud medium size; flower medium
size, crimson, paling to whitish yellow at base of petals. Branching habit;
profuse bloomer.

Lady Beatty, H.T. (Chaplin Bros., 1918.) Type, Dr. Joseph Drew. Large,
well-formed flowers with sweet fragrance. Color soft pink on a creamy white
ground, the pink shading varying greatly in the petal. It shades from the
margin inward, the center of the flower, when first open being a rich coral-
orange. A vigorous grower. Certificate of Merit, N. R. S., 1918.

*Lady Dickson, H.T. (A. Dickson & Sons, 1919.) Type, Ophelia. Bud large,
globular; flower large, globular, high center, semi-double, borne on good stem;
strong fragrance. Color rich apricot, flushed salmon-pink. Foliage abundant,
rich green, disease resistant. Vigorous, upright, bushy grower; profuse bloomer
from June to October. Very hardy.

Lady Gwendoline Colvin, CI. H.T. (Chaplin Bros., 1918.) Type, Lady Pirrie.
Bud long-pointed; flower beautifully reflexed, high center; tea fragrance. Color
apricot-salmon, shaded chrome-yellow, the outer petals stained a beautiful car-
mine. A vigorous grower of climbing habit, making shoots 6 to 10 feet long in
a season.

Lord Kitchener, H.T. (Chaplin Bros., 1918.) Bud long-pointed; flower full,
double, high center; strong fragrance. Color bright carmine-rose. Vigorous
grower of bushy, compact habit. Certificate of Merit, N. R. S.

Louise Baldwin, H.T. (McGredy & Son, 1919.) Type, Lady Hillingdon.
Bud long-pointed; flower full, high center; strong, sweet fragrance. Color rich
orange, with soft apricot shading over the entire petal. Vigorous grower;
abundant bloomer. Certiflcate of Merit, N. R. S., 1917.

Lulu, H.T. (W. Easlea, 1919.) Bud very long-pointed; flower orange,
salmon, and pink. Vigorous grower of bushy habit, producing an abundance of
bloom all season.

*Miriam, H.T. (Pemberton, 1919.) Flower large, cupped, high center,
globular, double, borne, several together, on average-length stems; very lasting;
slight fragrance. Color nasturtium-yellow. Foliage sufficient, glossy green,
medium size. Vigorous grower of upright habit, bearing an abundance of blooms
from June to September. Very hardy. Gold Medal, N. R. S., 1919.

Mrs. A. W. Atkinson, H.T. (Chaplin Bros., 1918.) Bud large, long-pointed;

THE NEW ROSES 129

flower large, full, high center. Color ivory-white. Foliage good. A vigorous
grower of upright habit. Certificate of Merit, N. R. S.

Mrs. Chaplin, H.T. (Chaplin Bros., 1918.) Bud very large; flower very
large, borne on long, strong stems; lasting. Color creamy pink, shaded yellow
toward the base. Opens well in all weathers.

Mrs. Curnock Sawday, H.T. (Elisha J. Hicks, 1920.) Seedling of unnamed
parents. Type, Mrs. George Shawyer. Bud large, long-pointed; flower large,
full, high center, double, borne, several together, on long stems; very lasting;
slight fragrance. Color satin pink; foliage abundant, glossy bronze-green, large;
mildews. Vigorous, bushy grower; free and continuous bloomer from June to
October.

*Mrs. C. V. Haworth, H.T. (A. Dickson & Sons, 1919.) Bud very large, long-
pointed; flower very large, open form, semi-double, borne, several together, on
strong stems; very lasting; strong fragrance. Color cinnamony apricot, passing
to delicate biscuit-buff, with very delicate cerise-rose sheen on reflex of petals,
deeply zoned saffron-primrose, the magnolia-like guard petals flamed rose.
Foliage abimdant, large, leathery, glossy dark green. Growth very vigorous,
upright, bushy, bearing a profusion of bloom from June to October. Very hardy.
Card of Commendation, N. R. S., 1918.

*Mrs. C. W. Dunbar-Buller, H.T. (A. Dickson & Sons, 1919.) Type, Earl of
Warwick. Bud very large, globular; flower very large, full, borne on long, strong
stems; strong fragrance. Color rosy white, veined warm, clear rosy deep car-
mine, with lemon base, colorings which betoken a pure and lasting shade —
rose-madder — throughout the bloom's existence; reflex of petal solid rosy cerise,
edges silvery white when fully open. Foliage abundant, large, leathery, dark
green. A vigorous, upright, bushy grower and continuous bloomer from June
to October. Very hardy.

Mrs. Edith Stanley, H.T. (W. Easlea, 1919.) Exquisitely shaped blooms of
creamy white, richly shaded Indian yellow. Vigorous grower; abundant bloomer.
Mrs. Elisha Hicks, H.T. (Elisha J. Hicks, 1919.) Frau Karl Druschki X
Mme. Gabriel Luizet. Type, Killarney, but more double. Bud very large, long-
pointed; flower very large, full, high center, very double, borne singly on medium
long stems; very lasting; very strong fragrance. Color flesh, nearly white.
Foliage abundant, wrinkled, light green, large; disease resistant. Moderate
grower of dwarf habit, reaching a height of 2 feet; profuse and continuous bloomer
from June to October.

Mrs. Henry Morse, H.T. (McGredy & Son, 1919.) Bud very large, long-
pointed; flower very large, high center, double; fragrant. Color flesh-cream
ground, with a sheen of bright rose, deeply impregnated and washed vermilion,
with clear vermilion veining on petals. Very vigorous grower, bearing an
abundance of bloom. Gold Medal, N. R. S., 1919.

Mrs. Ramon de Escofet, Per. (W. Easlea, 1919.) Type, George C. Waud.
Bud very large; flower very large, intense flame-crimson. Vigorous grower;
continuous bloomer.

Mrs. Redford, H.T. (McGredy & Son, 1919.) Type, A. K. WUIiams.
Flower full, of perfect shape; petals gracefully reflexed; opens freely in all weath-
ers; sweet fragrance. Color bright apricot-orange. Foliage leathery, glossy;
disease resistant. Vigorous, upright grower; abundant bloomer. Gold Medal,
N. R. S.

Prosperity, H.Musk. (Pemberton, 1919.) Flowers rosette form, borne m
extra-large, erect trusses; very lasting. Color white, tinted pink in bud. Foliage
dark green, glossy; disease resistant. Vigorous, bushy grower, reaching a height
of 3 to 4 feet; free bloomer, bearing its flowers all season and into November.

130 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

Romeo, H.W. (W. Easlea, 1919.) Type, miniature Liberty. Flowers per-
fectly formed, double, deep red. Vigorous grower; blooms continuously during
June and July.

fiomeo, H.T. (Therkildsen, 1919.) Seedling of (Edith Part X Ophelia) . Type,
Mrs. Aaron Ward. Flowers Indian yellow, suffused coppery pink. Foliage
almost disease resistant. Upright grower; free bloomer.

*Rosalie Walker, H.T. (F. Cant & Co., 1920.) Result of crossing unnamed
seedlings. Bud large, long-pointed; flower large, full, cupped, high center,
double, borne, several together, on long, strong stems; firm, velvety petals; very
lasting; strong fragrance. Color crimson-scarlet. Foliage abundant, medium
size, glossy dark green; disease resistant. A vigorous grower of upright, bushy,
open habit, reaching a height of 3 feet and blooming abundantly from June to
October. Certificate of Merit, N. R. S.

Sea Foam, H.Brac. (W. Paul & Son, 1919.) Flowers double, milk-white.
Foliage glossy dark green. Blooms continuously from June to October. Quite
hardy. Award of Merit, R. H. S.

Star of Persia, Rosa lutea hybrid. (Pemberton, 1919.) Flower large (3 inches
in diameter), semi-single. Color bright yellow, with golden stamens. Grows
to a height of 8 to 10 feet; blooms latter part of May and beginning of June, and
intermittently during the summer. A good pillar rose.

Sunshine, H.T. (Chaplin Bros., 1918.) Bud long-pointed; flower double,
full, high center; sweet fragrance. Color golden yellow, shaded apricot.

The Dowager Countess of Roden, H.T. (W. Paul & Son, 1919.) Bud large;
flower large, full, bright silvery pink. Profuse bloomer.

Toreador, H.T. (W. Paul & Son, 1919.) Bud crimson; flower semi-double,
rosy red, outside of petals golden yellow. Vigorous grower; abundant bloomer.

White Star, H.T. (Morse, 1920.) Sport of Ophelia. Bud large; flower large,
full, cupped, double, borne singly on average-length stem; very lasting; strong
fragrance. Color ivory-white, shaded lemon-yellow. Foliage sufficient, large,
leathery, dark green, disease resistant. A vigorous grower of upright, bushy
habit, reaching a height of 23^ feet, and producing an abundance of blooms con-
tinuously from June to October. Very hardy.

FRANCE

*Aspirant Marcel Rouyer, H.T. (Pernet-Ducher, 1919.) Sunburst X un-
named variety. Bud large, long-pointed; flower very large, full, double, borne
singly on strong stem; fragrant. Color deep apricot, reddish apricot at center,
tinted salmon-flesh on outer petals, veined deep yellow at base. Foliage abun-
dant, large, glossy bronze-green. Very vigorous, upright grower, producing an
abundance of flowers throughout the season.

*Beaute Orleanaise, H.Wich. (Turbat & Co., 1919.) Seedling from unnamed
variety. Bud medium-size, ovoid; flower medium size, full, very double, borne
in clusters of 20 to 25, on long stems; slight fragrance. Color pure white, slightly
suffused rosy salmon, passing to fleshy rose. Foliage abundant, medium size,
glossy green; disease resistant. A very strong grower of climbing, upright habit,
blooming profusely during June and July. Very hardy.

*Capitaine Georges Dessirier,'ii.T. (Pernet-Ducher, 1919.) Unnamed variety
X Chateau de Clos Vougeot. Bud large, globular; flower large, full, double,
globular, borne singly on long, strong stem; very lasting; strong fragrance. Color
dark velvety red, shaded with crimson and fiery red. Foliage abundant, large,
glossy, dark green. Very vigorous grower of bushy habit and an abundant and
continuous bloomer. Hardy.

THE NEW ROSES 131

*Comtesse de Cassagne, H.T. (M. Guillot, 1919.) Result of crossing unnamed
varieties. Bud very large, long-pointed; flower very large, globular, very double,
borne, several together, on long stems; very lasting; strong fragrance. Color
coppery rose, shaded with bright rose — varies, sometimes being entirely yellow.
Foliage abundant, large, light green; disease resistant. Very vigorous grower of
bushy habit and bears a profusion of blooms all season.

General Don, H.T. (Le Cornu, 1919.) Mme. Melanie Soupert X Louise
Catherine Breslau. Crushed strawberry ground, overlaid with deep coppery
metallic tints.

Grand-Pere Lottin, H.W. (Lottin, 1918.) Lady Godiva X Mrs. W. H. Cut-
bush. The very double flowers are borne in clusters and in color are a salmony
flesh-pink, which becomes brighter in the center. It is of climbing habit, with
good foliage and bears an abundance of blooms.

* Indefectible, D.Poly. (Turbat & Co., 1919.) Sport of seedling from ^nnchen
Miiller. Buds medium size, long-pointed; flowers medium size, cupped, semi-
double, borne in clusters of 15 to 20 on long stems; very lasting; slight fragrance.
Color bright, clear red. Foliage abundant, medium size, bronzy green; disease
resistant. A very vigorous grower of bushy habit, reaching a height of 2 to 3 feet,
and blooming continuously the whole season.

*Jean C. N. Forestier, Per. (Pernet-Ducher, 1919.) Unnamed variety X
Mme. Edouard Herriot. Bud large, ovoid, Lincoln red; flower very large, full,
double, borne singly on long, strong stems; very lasting; fragrant. Color carmine-
lake, slightly tinted with Chinese orange and yellow. Foliage abundant, large,
glossy bronze-green; disease resistant. A very vigorous, upright grower bearing
a profusion of blooms from June till October. Gold Medal, Bagatelle, 1919.

*La France Victorieuse, H.T. (Gravereaux; intro. by Guillot, 1919.) Result
of crossing unnamed seedlings. Bud very large, long-pointed; flower very large,
cupped, very double, borne singly on long stem; very lasting; fragrant. Color
silvery carmine-pink, tinted with yellow on inside. Foliage sufficient, dark green,
large; disease resistant. Very vigorous, upright grower; bears an abundance of
blooms intermittently during the season.

Lolette-Dwpain, Mult. (Lottin, 1918.) Casimir Moulle X Mme. Norbert
Levavasseur. The double flowers are borne in clusters on long, strong stems.
Color yellowish rose, with reverse of petals silvery rose. Foliage leathery green.
A vigorous grower of upright habit. Blooms a second time in autumn.

*Marechal Foch, Poly. (Levavasseur & Co., 1918.) Sport of Orleans Rose.
Bud medium size; flower medium size, open form, semi-double, borne in clusters
on medium-length stems; very lasting; strong fragrance. Color deep red.

*Mme. Emile Thierrard, H.T. (Turbat & Co., 1919.) Seedling of (Mrs. Aaron
Ward X Joseph Hifl). Bud very large, ovoid; flower very large, full, double,
borne singly on long stem; very lasting; fragrant. Color chamois-yellow and
pink; aiglets pure yellow. Foliage abundant, large, normal green; disease resist-
ant. Vigorous grower of upright habit, reaching a height of 2 feet, and bearing
an abundance of bloom from May to October. Hardy.

Mme. E. Rocque, Mult. (Lottin, 1918.) Veilchenblau X Reine des Violettes.
Flowers very double, in clusters, on long, strong stems; lasting. Color violet-
blue, sometimes striated with white, passing to amethyst-blue on opening.
Foliage light green, glossy. Vigorous, upright grower.

*Mme. Raymond Chevalier- Appert, H.T. (Guillot, 1917.) Gen. MacArthur
X Richmond. Bud very large, long-pointed, very bright cerise-red, shaded
crimson; flower very large, cupped, double, borne, several together, on long,
strong stem; very lasting; strong fragrance. Color brilliant cerise-red, shading
lighter at edges of petals. Foliage abundant, large, dark green, wrinkled; disease

132 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

resistant. Vigorous grower of bushy habit, with an abundance of blooms all
season. Certificate de Bagatelle, 1919.

Sir Walter Raleigh, H.T. (Le Cornu, 1919.) A free-blooming rose of the
same color as Lady Pirrie, but with the reverse of the petals deep crimson. Fine
autumn bloomer, often bearing 12 blooms to a spike. Stems and foliage deep
bronze-red.

*Souv. de Claudius Fernet, Per. (Pernet-Ducher, 1920.) Constance X un-
named variety. Bud large, long-pointed; flower very large, full, double, borne
singly on long, strong stem; very lasting; fragrant. Color pure sunflower-yellow,
deeper in center. Foliage abundant, glossy green, large; disease resistant. Very
vigorous, upright grower, producing an abundance of blooms from May to
October. Hardy.

*Souv. de George Beckwith, Per. (Pernet-Ducher, 1919.) Unnamed variety
X Lyon Rose. Bud very large, long-pointed, shrimp-pink, tinted orange-yel-
low; flower very large, full, very double, globular, borne singly on long, strong
stem; very lasting; fragrant. Color shrimp-pink, tinted chrome-yellow, with
deeper yellow at base of petals. Foliage abundant, large, glossy bronze-green.
Very vigorous grower of upright habit and a continuous and abundant bloomer.
Hardy.

Souv. du Senateur Bazire, H.W. (Lottin, 1918.) Veilchenblau X Bordeaux.
Flowers semi-double, in clusters of 25 to 50. Color violet, passing to violet-rose
at the center; stamens white; pistils yellow.

*Susanne Turbat, D.Poly. (Turbat & Co., 1919.) Seedling of (Petit Constant
X unnamed seedling). Bud medium size, ovoid; flower medium size, cupped,
globular, double, borne, in clusters of 10 to 20, on medium-long stems; very
lasting; slight fragrance. Color coral-red, shaded bright shrimp-pink. Foliage
abundant, medium size, glossy bronze-green; disease resistant. Vigorous, bushy,
dwarf grower, reaching a height of 1 3^ feet, bearing a profusion of blooms from
May to October. Hardy.

UNITED STATES AND CANADA

Bloomfield Abundance, H.T. (Capt. George C. Thomas, 1920.) Sylvia X
Dorothy Page-Roberts. Type, Cecile Brunner. Flowers double, salmon-pink,
produced singly and in sprays. Foliage glossy, dark green, not susceptible to
mildew. Grows 3 to 6 feet high, bushy. Similar to Cecile Brunner, but is hardier
and the blooms are larger.

Bloomfield Perpetual, H.P. (Capt. George C. Thomas, 1920.) Iceberg X
Frau Karl Druschki. Flower white, single; lasting. Foliage good. Grows 3 to
5 feet high, bushy; very free-flowering. Resembles the Cherokee in bloom but
differs in habit. Hardy in Philadelphia; blooms until November.

Bloomfield Progress, H.T. (Capt. George C. Thomas, 1920.) Mary, Countess
of Ilchester X General MacArthur. Type, General MacArthur. Flower double
(over 50 petals); strong fragrance; very lasting. Color red. Strong-growing,
bushy plant. Similar to General MacArthur, but differs in habit, size, and form of
flower, being superior in that it holds its center better and is larger in hot weather.
*Cornelia, H.T. (Robert Scott & Son, 1919.) Ophelia X Mrs. Aaron Ward.
Type, Souv. de la Malmaison in bloom. Bud medium size, globular; flower
medium size, full, double, borne singly on medium length stem; very lasting;
fragrant. Color, outer petals light flesh-pink, with center bright Malmaison
pink, base of petals orange. Foliage abundant, light green; disease resistant.
Vigorous grower of upright, bushy habit; blooms profusely for five weeks.
(Report made from plants grown under glass.)

THE NEW ROSES 133

*Crusader, H.T. (Montgomery Co. ; intro. by A. N. Pierson, 1920.) Bud large,
ovoid, opens perfectly; flower large, full, double, borne singly on long, strong
stem; very lasting; slight fragrance. Color crimson-red, brighter in center.
Foliage abundant, medium size, leathery, rich green; disease resistant. Vigorous,
upright grower and free bloomer, bearing its flowers continuously all season.

*Dr. Huey, H.W. (Capt. George C. Thomas, 1914; intro. by Bobbink &
Atkins and A. N. Pierson, 1920.) Ethel X Gruss an Teplitz. Bud medium
size; flower medium size (about 2 inches in diameter), semi-double (15 petals)
to single, borne in clusters of 3 or 4 on good stems; lasting. Color dark crimson-
maroon of great brilliancy; stamens and anthers light yellow. Foliage medium
green; young growth reddish brown. Blooms continuously for three weeks.

Felicity, H.T. (Clarke Bros., 1919.) Ophelia X Hoosier Beauty. Bud long-
pointed; flower large (varies from 52 petals early in season to 61 in September);
very fragrant. Color rose-pink, silvery suffusion. Foliage dark green. Upright,
strong-branching habit; very free-flowering; produced 155 blooms outdoors.

Frank W. Dunlop, H.T. (J. H. Dunlop, Canada; intro. in U. S. by Charles
H. Totty Co., 1920.) Mrs. Charles Russell X Mrs. George Shawyer. Type,
La France. Bud very large, long-pointed; flower very large, full, high center,
double (about 45 petals), borne singly on long, strong stems; very lasting;
fragrance strong. Color deep, bright rose-pink. Foliage sufficient, leathery,
glossy dark green. A vigorous grower of open habit and a profuse bloomer.

*Glorified La France, H.T. (John Cook, 1916; not yet in commerce.) Frau
Karl Druschki X Mrs. Charles Russell. Type, La France. Bud large to very
large, globular; flower very large, full, high center, very double (92 petals),
borne singly on long stem; very lasting; slight fragrance. Color silvery pink —
deeper than La France. Foliage sufficient, large, soft, light green; mildews.
Vigorous, upright grower, reaching a height of 3 feet; moderate and continuous
bloomer from June to October. Freezes to 10 inches.

Max Graf, Hyb. (Bowditch, 1919.) Probable hybrid of R. rugosa and R. seti-
gera. Flower single, bright pink, with golden centers. Foliage glossy green, like
R. rugosa; attractive all season; disease resistant. Vigorous grower of bushy,
climbing habit; profuse bloomer. Rarely produces seed.

*Miss Lolita Armour, Per. (Howard & Smith, 1919.) Result of a cross of
unnamed seedlings. Bud medium size, globular; flower very large, cupped,
double, borne, several together, on long stems; very lasting; strong fragrance.
Color chrome-yellow at base, shading to burnt orange and copper; reverse of
petals chrome-yellow at base, shading to bright salmon, with brilliant copper
suffusion; passes to lovely shade of shrimp-pink and copper with age. Foliage
abundant, leathery, glossy bronze-green, large. Growth very vigorous, bushy,
upright; abundant bloomer. Silver Medal, N. R. S., 1919.

*Mrs. John Cook, H.T. (John Cook; intro. by A. N. Pierson, 1920.) Ophelia
X three unnamed seedlings. Bud large, long-pointed; flower large, cupped,
double, on long, strong stems; lasting; fragrant. Color white, suffused delicate
pink; pink flush deeper in cool weather; almost white on long sunny days.

*Mrs. S. K. Rindge, Per. (Howard & Smith, 1919.) Rayon d'Or X Frau Karl
Druschki. Type, Rayon d'Or. Bud very large, long-pointed, stained cadmium-
red; flower very large, cupped, semi-double, borne singly on long stem; lasting;
fragrant. Color deep golden yellow, without tint of copper ; becomes suffused with
soft pink with age instead of fading. Foliage suflScient, large, leathery, glossy
light green. Growth very vigorous, upright (5 feet) ; abundant bloomer.

*Mrs. Sterling, H.T. (John Cook, 1918.) Antoine Rivoire X unnamed pink
seedling. Bud very large, long-pointed; flower very large, globular, semi-double,
borne singly on long stem; very lasting; fragrant. Color clear rose-pink. Foliage

134 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

sufficient, glossy, dark green, large. Vigorous, upright grower, reaching a height
of 3 feet; blooms continuously from June to October. Freezes to 10 inches.
Silver Medal, Hartford Trial Grounds, 1918.

Mrs. Walter T. Sumner, H.T. (Clarke Bros., 1919.) Ophelia X Hadley.
Bud long-pointed; flower large (5 inches diameter), semi-single (12 to 18 petals),
in clusters of 5 to 10; lasting; very fragrant. Color carmine, shading to deep rose-
pink. Foliage dark green. Growth upright; free bloomer (115 blooms outdoors).

*Pilgrim, H.T. (Montgomery Co.; intro. by A. N. Pierson, 1920.) Bud
medium size, long-pointed, opening perfectly; flower large, high center, double,
borne singly on long, strong stem; lasting; tea fragrance. Color silvery pink,
outside clear rose-pink. Foliage abundant, large, leathery, rich green; disease
resistant. Vigorous, upright, bushy grower; abundant and continuous bloomer.

*Pink Beauty, H.T. (John Cook, 1919.) Ophelia X My Maryland. Bud large,
long-pointed; flower large, open form, semi-double, borne singly on long stem;
very lasting; strong fragrance. Color clear pink. Foliage abundant, leathery,
dark green, large. Growth very vigorous, upright, reaching a height of 3 feet;
profuse, continuous bloomer from May to September. Freezes to 4 inches.
Certificate of Merit, Hartford Trial Grounds.

*RedColumbia,li.T. (J. Hill Co., 19— .) Sport of Columbia. Type, Columbia,
with stronger bud. Flower large, very lasting, with strong fragrance. Color
rich velvety scarlet. Foliage abundant, leathery. Very vigorous grower.

*Rose Marie, H.T. (F. Dorner & Sons, 1918.) Hoosier Beauty X Sunburst.
Bud large, globular; flower very large, cupped, double, borne singly on long
stem; fragrant. Color clear rose-pink. Foliage abundant, glossy dark green,
large; disease resistant. Vigorous grower of upright habit; produces a profusion
of blooms during July and August.

Silver Star, H.W. (F. R. M. Undritz; intro. by Reinhold Undritz, 1919.)
Silver Moon X Marie Van Houtte. Type, Silver Moon. Bud medium size,
ovoid, yellow; flower large, open form, semi-double, borne singly on medium-
strong stems; very lasting; fragrant. Color white, tinged cream; golden yellow
stamens. Foliage sufficient, glossy green, medium size; disease resistant.
Growth very vigorous (4 feet high; 4 feet in diameter); semi-climber; produces
an abundance of bloom from June to October. Uninjured by frost last winter.
Blooms can be cut on stems a foot long.

*Wm. F. Dreer,ll.Fev. (Howard & Smith, 1920.) Result of crossing unnamed
seedlings. Type, Los Angeles. Bud large; flower large, high center, double,
borne singly on long stem; lasting; fragrant. Color soft, silvery shell-pink, base
of petals golden yellow, which sometimes suffuses the entire flower, this golden
suffusion being particularly brilliant early and late in the season. Foliage abun-
dant, light green. Profuse bloomer.

HOLLAND

*Benedictus XV, H.T. (Leenders & Co., 1917.) Jonkheer J. L. Mock X
Marquise de Sinety. Type, Jonkheer J. L. Mock. Bud very large, long-pointed;
flower very large, full, double, borne singly on long stems; lasting; strong fra-
grance. Color rosy white. Foliage sparse, large, glossy green. Very vigorous,
upright grower, producing an abundance of bloom.

*Comtesse d'Ansembourg, H.T. (Leenders & Co., 1918.) Etoile de France X
Marquise de Sinety. Type, Kaiserin Auguste Victoria. Bud large, long-pointed;
flower very large, full, borne, several together, on long stems; very lasting;
strong fragrance. Color yellowish white. Foliage abundant, large, glossy dark
green. Vigorous upright grower; abundant bloomer.

*F. J. Grootendorst, H.Rug. (F. J. Grootendorst & Sons, 1918; disseminated

THE NEW ROSES 135

in U. S. by A. N. Pierson, Inc., 1920.) Rosa rugosa rubra X Baby Rambler.
Type, Rugosa foliage, Polyantha flowers. Bud small, ovoid; flower small, open,
double, borne in clusters on average-length stems; very lasting; slight fragrance.
Color bright red; edges of petals serrated like a carnation. Foliage sufficient,
small, leathery, wrinkled, dark green; disease resistant. Vigorous grower of
bushy habit, bearing a profusion of blooms from June to October. Very hardy.
First-Class Certificate, Boskoop, 1912.

*General Snyders, H.T. (Leenders & Co., 1917.) Mme. Melanie Soupert X
George C. Waud. Type, General-Superior Arnold Janssen. Bud very large,
long-pointed; flower large, full, double, borne, several together, on long stems;
lasting; strong fragrance. Color carmine. Foliage sufficient, medium size,
glossy light green. Vigorous grower of bushy habit; profuse bloomer.

*Hortulanus Fiet, H.T. (Leenders & Co., 1919.) Mme. Melanie Soupert X
Paul L^de. Type, Mme. Melanie Soupert and Ophelia. Bud very large, long-
pointed; flower large, full, double, borne singly on average-length stems; lasting;
strong fragrance. Color, apricot. Foliage sufficient, of medium size, glossy,
green. A vigorous grower of bushy habit, bearing an abundance of blooms.

* Jacques Hackenhurg, H.T. (Leenders & Co., 1919.) Jonkheer J. L. Mock X
Marquise de Sinety. Type, Jonkheer J. L. Mock and La France. Bud very
large, long-pointed; flower very large, full, double, borne singly; lasting; strong
fragrance. Color pale reddish lilac. Foliage abundant, large, glossy green.
A vigorous, upright grower and abundant bloomer.

*Mevrouw A. Del Court Van Krimpen, H.T. (Leenders & Co., 1917.) Un-
named seedling X Prince de Bulgarie. Type, Prince de Bulgarie. Bud very
large, long-pointed; flower very large, full, borne, several together, on long
stems ; lasting ; strong fragrance. Color rosy white and orange. Foliage abundant,
large, glossy light green. A vigorous grower of bushy habit and a profuse bloomer.

*Mevrouw Boreel Van Hogelander, T. (Leenders & Co., 1918.) Mme. Leon
Pain X Mme. Antoine Mari. Type, Mme. Antoine Mari. Bud medium size,
globular; flower medium size, globular, borne, several together, on average-
length stems; very lasting; strong fragrance. Color rosy white and carmine.
Foliage abundant, medium size, leathery, dark green. A vigorous grower of
bushy habit and a profuse bloomer.

*Mevrouw Natalie Nypels, Poly. (Leenders & Co., 1919.) Orleans Rose X
(Comtesse de Cayla X Jaune Bicolor) . Type, Rodhatte. Bud large; flower large,
open form, double, borne in clusters; very lasting; strong fragrance. Color
hydrangea-pink. Foliage abundant, small, leathery, bronze-green. A vigorous
grower of bushy habit and a profuse bloomer. Prize of Honor, Silver Gilt
Medal, and Award of Merit.

*Mevrouw Smits Gompertz, H.T. (Leenders & Co., 1917.) Lady Wenlock X
(Mme. T. W. Budde X Souv. de Catherine Guillot). Type, Mrs. Aaron Ward.
Bud medium size, long-pointed; flower medium size, full, borne, several together,
on medium-long stems; very lasting; strong fragrance. Color coppery orange
and lilac. Foliage abundant, medium size, glossy dark green. A vigorous,
bushy grower and a profuse bloomer. Award of Merit.

*Mme. Annette Aynard, H.T. (Leenders & Co., 1919.) Mme. Caroline Testout
X Prince de Bulgarie. Type, Marquise de Sinety in habit; Mme. Constant
Soupert in bloom. Bud very large, globular; flower very large, full, double,
borne singly on average-length stem; lasting; strong fragrance. Color amber-
yellow. Foliage sufficient, glossy dark green. A vigorous grower of bushy habit,
producing an abundance of blooms.

*Princess Juliana, H.T. (Leenders & Co., 1918.) General MacArthur X
Marie Van Houtte. , Type, Gruss an Teplitz. Bud medium size, long-pointed;

136 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

flowers medium size, full, borne, several together, on long stems; very lasting;
strong fragrance. Color red and black. Foliage abundant, medium size, glossy
dark green. A vigorous grower of bushy habit, producing an abundance of blooms.

GERMANY

Abendrote, H.P. (Ebeling, 1919.) Frau Karl Druschki X Juliet. Flowers
somewhat paler in color than Mme. Edouard Herriot. A hardy variety of dwarf
habit, blooming continuously from Jime to October.

*Dr. Helfferich, H.T. (Lambert, 1919.) Gustav Griinerwald X Mrs. Aaron
Ward. Type, Mme. Caroline Testout. Bud very large, ovoid, rose-orange;
flower very large, full, cupped, double and semi-double, borne singly and several
together on long, strong stems; lasting; strong fragrance. Color rose, center
yellowish orange, edges silvery. Foliage sufficient, medium size, glossy green;
disease resistant. Vigorous grower of upright habit, reaching a height of 2 feet,
and bearing an abundance of blooms intermittently. Hardy.

Frau Dr. Kriiger, H.T. (Kiese, 1919.) Henriette de Loew X Mme. Caroline
Testout. Flower cream-salmon on golden ground, borne singly on long, strong
stems. A vigorous grower with large foliage.

Frau Hedwig Wagner, H.T. (Kiese, 1919.) Enchantress X Mrs. W. J.
Grant. Bud long-pointed; flower double, fragrant, borne on long stems. Color
Centifolia pink. Foliage disease resistant. Vigorous grower and free bloomer.

Heinrick Conr. Soth, H.Poly. (Lambert, 1919.) Geheimrat Dr. Mittweg X
Kapuziner Austria lutea. Bud small; flower small, single, borne in pyramidal
clusters; fragrant. Color light rosy red, with white eye — resembles Leuchstern,
but redder. Foliage large, glossy dark green. A very vigorous grower of upright,
bushy habit, and a continuous bloomer all season. Very hardy.

Konigin Viktoria von Schweden, H.T. (Ries, 1919.) Mme. Segond Weber X
Mrs. Joseph Hill. Type, Ophelia. Flower double, well-formed, borne singly.
Color light saffron-yellow, passing to pale salmon-pink. Foliage glossy. Vig-
orous, upright grower.

Lisbeth Stellmacher, Poly. (Lambert, 1919.) Aglaia X Marie Van Houtte.
Bud small; flower small, full, double, borne singly and several together on short
stems; fragrant. Color pure golden yellow, with bright red spotted border and
rose stripes. Foliage glossy, dark green. Dwarf grower.

Walkure, H.T. (Ebeling, 1919.) Frau Karl Druschki X Mme. Jenny Gille-
mot. Type, improved Mme. Jenny Gillemot. Bud long-pointed; flower double,
with high center, borne singly. Color cream-white, ochre-yellow toward the
center. Vigorous grower. Hardy.

AUSTRALIA

Australia Felix, H.T. (Alister Clark, .) Bud well-formed, deep reddish

pink; flower open form, cupped; very lasting; La France fragrance. Color, soft
pink, with outer petals deep reddish pink. Foliage abundant, glossy green.
Vigorous, bushy grower, blooming continuously from June to October. Hardy.
Rain does not affect flowers. Gold Medal, N. R. S., Victoria, B.C.

Borderer, Poly. (Alister Clark; intro. by N. R. S. of Victoria, 1918.) Flowers
double, with Wichuraiana fragrance. Color, shades of pink, copper, and amber
combined. Foliage good. A continuous bloomer. Hardy in Australia.

Sunny South, H.T. (Alister Clark; intro. by N^ R. S. of Victoria, 1918.)
Flower, pink, flushed carmine, on a yellow base. Foliage handsome. Strong
constitution; good habit. A continuous bloomer from June to October. Gold
Medal, N. R. S., Victoria.

The National Rose Test-Garden to Date

By F. L. MULFORD
Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.

Editor's Note. — The desire of the members of the American Rose Society
for accurate information concerning rose varieties has been made apparent.
It is for this reason that the first full report on the National Rose Test-Garden,
mostly summarizing four years of observation, is printed.

THE following report of the behavior of the roses in the
National Rose Test-Garden is designed to supplement
the previous reports. On pages 77 and 78 of the 1917
Annual appeared a brief summary of the satisfactory roses in
the garden. On pages 124-128 of the 1918 Annual is a descrip-
tion of the behavior of the Tea and Hybrid Tea roses, and on
pages 118-122 of the 1919 Annual a tabular statement of the
behavior of the same roses. In this report the previous tabular
results are averaged and the 1919 records are added.

The Hybrid Perpetuals are mentioned in a six-line summary
on page 131 of the 1918 Annual, while a table of the records of
their performance appears on pages 117 and 118 of the 1919
Annual. The present report summarizes the previous results.

The Dwarf Polyanthas are discussed on pages 128 and 129
of the 1918 Annual and given in tabular form in this report.

The only previous report of the Rugosa roses is a paragraph
on page 132 of the 1918 Annual.

Reports of the Wichuraiana and Multiflora roses appear on
pages 129-131 of the 1918 Annual and in this report. The other
roses reported this time have only been mentioned previously
in short paragraphs in the 1918 Annual.

The relative significance of the terms used in the various
tables are:

Habit. — Upright, open or compact, spreading.

Growth. — Of bush roses: Vigorous, moderate, weak. Of
climbing roses: Plentiful, sufficient, sparse.

Bloom. — Profuse, abundant, free, moderate, sparse.

The climbing roses are, part of them, treated so differently
from the others that the most practical method of interpreting
their growth seemed to indicate whether or not they would
produce sufficient new wood to make a good showing of flowers.
Many of the roses in the rose-garden are restricted to three or

(137)

138

THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

four canes a season and these are encouraged to make the great-
est possible growth. A majority of the climbers, however, are
encouraged to make as many shoots as possible, which are not
permitted to grow to a height of more than six feet. This
difference of treatment, which was introduced to add to the
attractiveness of the garden, creates an element of difficulty
when attempting to make comparative observations.

HYBRID PERPETUAL ROSES

Name

Alfred Colomb

Baron de Bonstetten

Baroness Rothschild

Black Prince

Captain Christy

Captain Hayward

Clio .• • • •

Coquette des Alpes, H.Nois. . . .
Coquette des Blanches, H.Nois. .

Countess of Roseberry

Duke of Edinburgh

Earl of Dufferin

Eugene Furst

Fisher Holmes

Francois Levet .

Frau Karl Druschki

Gen. Jacqueminot

Gen. Washington

George Arends

Gloire de Chedane Guinoisseau . .
Gloire de I'Exposition de Bruxelles

Heinrich Munch

Her Majesty

Hugh Dickson

J. B. Clark

John Hopper

John Keynes

Jubilee . . ._

Jules Margottin

Mabel Morrison

Mme. Charles Wood

Mme. Gabriel Luizet

Mme. Masson

Mme. Victor Verdier

Magna Charta

Maharajah

Marchioness of Lome

Marchioness of Dufferin

Margaret Dickson

Marie Baumann

Marshall P. Wilder

Mrs. John Laing

Mrs. R. G. Sharman-Crawford . .

Oakmont

Paul Neyron

Pierre Notting

Pius IX .

President Lincoln

Tom Wood

Ulrich Brunner

Victor Verdier

No. of blooms per plant

03 m

fci

43 13

to °

Spq

V

a

1-5

3

0,
03

o

(3
O

^2

3

May 29

45

10

5

5

4

69

2

3

May 25

44

2

46

3

2

May 30

20

5

25

6

1

May 29

37

4

4

2

1

44

3

3

May 20

7

5

2

2

2

18

3

1

May 20

63

2

6

1

72

2

3

May 28

31

12

2

1

46

2

3

May 26

21

38

15

13

11

98

3

3

May 22

37

1

1

39

3

3

May 26

43

9

15

8

5

80

2

3

May 24

16

2

1

19

2

3

May 28

13

9

1

23

3

3

May 22

69

14

2

4

1

90

1

3

May 24

31

31

2

3

May 21

32

14

4

2

1

53

3

3

May 22

19

23

8

9

4

63

3

3

May 23

24

10

2

1

1

38

2

3

May 25

30

13

21

22

12

98

2

3

May 29

22

20

8

5

6

61

2

1

May 24

8

1

9

3

1

June 1

21

6

2V

3

3

May 30

16

7

3

1

27

1

3

May 29

6

2

8

2

3

May 20

20

11

2

33

2

3

May 22

64

20

2

1

1

88

3

3

May 22

26

10

1

1

38

1

3

May 24

111

12

1

124

1

3

May 21

27

4

2

33

2

3

May 25

58

7

10

75

3

3

May 28

28

8

4

2

1

43

1

3

May 28

23

23

3

2

May 25

74

2

1

77

1

3

May 25

8

10

3

3

3

27

2

1

12

3

1

1

17

2

3

May 26

25

6

31

2

2

May 24

20

20

2

3

May 24

29

13

3

45

1

2

June 2

1

3

1

1

6

1

3

May 29

7

2

1

1

11

2

3

May 26

23

11

5

5

1

4o

1

3

May 23

38

5

3

2

1

49

3

8

May 29

15

8

7

7

9

46

3

3

May 23

20

12

13

9

6

60

3

3

May 22

76

17

3

1

1

98

3

3

May 26

17

4

6

5

3

35

3

3

May 25

11

1

1

13

2

1

May 18

101

7

4

8

6

126

3

3

May 24

4

1

5

3

3

May 26

33

7

5

7

3

66

3

3

May 25

15

7

3

25

3

3

May 22

95

6

4

1

1

107

3

NATIONAL ROSE TEST-GARDEN TO DATE 139

HYBRID TEA AND TEA ROSES

Name

Alexander Hill Gray

Alsterufer

Ambrosia

Apotheker Georg Hofer . . . .

Arthur R. Goodwin

Balduin

Beaute Inconstante, T

Betty

Blumenschmidt, T

Bridesmaid, T

British Queen

Catherine Mermet, T

Champ Weiland

Chateau de Clos Vougeot . . .

Cleveland

Col. R. S. Williamson

Countess of Gosford

Dawn

Defiance

Dora

Dorothy Page-Roberts

Dr. Grill, T

Duchesse de Brabant, T

Duchess of Albany, T

Duchess of Westminster ....

Earl of Warwick

Etoile de France

Etoile de Lyon, T

Farbenkonigin

Frances E. Willard, T

Freiherr von Marschall . . . .

General MacArthur

General-Superior Arnold Janssen

George Dickson

George C. Waud

Gloire Lyonnaise

Gorgeous

Grace Darling

Grace Molyneux

Grandesse Royale

Grossherzog Friedrich

Gruss an Teplitz

Gustav Grunerwald

Hadley

Helen Good, T

H. F. Eilers

Henry M. Stanley, T

Highland Mary, T

Hoosier Beauty

Irish Brightness

Irish Fireflame

Isabella Sprunt, T

Jonkheer .1. L. Mock

Joseph Hill

Kaiserin Auguste Victoria . . .

Killarney

Killarney Queen

Killarney, White

Konigin Carola

La France

La France, Striped

La France, White

La Tosca

Lady Alice Stanley

Lady Ashtown

Em

May 27
May 24
Jun^ 25
May 27

June 8
May 25
May 24
May 24
May 24
May 30
May 30
May 24
May 26
June 5
May 25
May 18
May 27
June 8
June 12
May 28
May 27
May 30
May 28
May 28
June 8
May 23
May 31
May 22
May 29
May 18
May 21
May 24
May 22
June 8
May 20
May 21
June 4
May 24
May 28
May 21
May 21
May 23
June 3
June 4
June 2
June 8
July 19
June 4
May 13

No. of blooms per plant

May 23 t 10

May 19
May 26
May 25
May 25
May 24
May 22
May 25
May 25
May 26
May 24
May 23
May 23
May 21
May 19

67
54
6
88
34
59
31
24
53
5
28
12
15
19
10
21
53
5
9
6
28
85
33
14
11
10
25
13
13
13
14
21
45
19
16
35
11
28
24
51
38
140
53
8
5
17
6
2
12
80
33
71
12
14
25
22
39
13
18
30
43
45
62
34
38

140

THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

Hybrid Tea and Tea Roses, continued

Name

[^m

No. of blooms per plant

Lady Hillingdon, T

Lady Ursula

Laurent Carle

Letty Coles, T

Lieutenant Chaure

Lucien Chaure

Louise Lilia

Maman Cochet, T

Maman Cochet, White, T. . .

Marcia Coolidge

Marie Guillot, T

Marie Lambert, T

Marie Van Houtte, T

Marquise de Ganay

Marquise de Querhoent, T. . .

Marquise de Sinety

Mary, Countess of Ilchester .
Mevrouw Dora van Tets . . .

Milady

Miss Cynthia Forde

Miss Genevieve Clark ....
Mme. Abel Chatenay ....
Mme. Berthe Fontaine ....

Mme. Camille, T

Mme. Caroline Testout . . .
Mme. Colette Martinet . . .
Mme. Francisca Kruger . . .
Mme. Hector Leuillot ....

Mme. Jean Dupuy, T

Mme. Joseph Schwartz, T. . .
Mme. Jules Gravereaux, Cl.T.

Mme. Jules Grolez

Mme. Leon Pain

Mme. Lambard, T

Mme. Maurice de Luze . . .

Mme. Paul Euler

Mme. Segond Weber ....
Mme. Theodore Delacourt . .

Mme. Welche, T

Molly Sharman-Crawford, T. .

Mrs. Aaron Ward

Mrs. Archie Gray

Mrs. A. R. Waddell

Mrs. B. R. Cant, T

Mrs. Bayard Thayer

Mrs. Charles Russell

Mrs. Franklin Dennison . . .

Mrs. George Gordon

Mrs. Herbert Hawksworth, T.
Mrs. Herbert Stevens, T. . . .
Mrs. Hubert Taylor, T. . . .

Mrs. Hugh Dickson

Mrs. Myles Kennedy, T. . . .

Mrs. T. Hillas

Mrs. Wakefield Christie-Miller

My Maryland

Natalie Bottner

Norma

Ophelia

Panama

Papa Gontier, T

Perle des Jardins, White, T. .

Perle von Godesberg

Prima Donna

Primerose

May 24
May 21
May 20
May 29
May 24
May 24
May 24
May 28
May 26
May 20
June 22
May 19
May 18
May 27
May 29
May 30
May 23
June 8
June 8
May 24
May 21

May 25
May 27
May 26
May 27
May 27
May 22
May 25
May 28
May 23
May 21
May 26
May 26
May 26
May 25
May 23
June 4
June 5
June 8
May 26
May 27
May 23
May 16
June 5
May 28
May 27
May 26
May 30
May 21

May 25
May 27
May 23
June 8

May 28
May 24

May 18

May 28
May 20
May 27

37
44
29
19
34
30
22
30
19
20
5
74
22
65
38
9
58
11
8
49
131
18
42
48
28
24
47
20
71
51
39
40
48
48
25
12
15
27
10
16
24
25
46
31
7
4
9
21
20
60
4
2
7
32
49
14
4
28
23
42
34
7
9
25
22

NATIONAL ROSE TEST-GARDEN TO DATE 141

Hybrid Tea and Tea Roses, continued

bD

S£

'No.

of blooms

per plant

Name

a

►-5

bi

3
<

a

CO

"3

0
Eh

1-
s o

3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1
1
3
3
3
3
3
1
3
1
3
3
3
1
3

May 24
May 25
May 24
May 25
May 20
May 24
May 26
May 4
June 4
May 24
May 25
May 23
May 18
May 27
June 4
May 23
June 8
May 21
May 27
May 27

May 24

4

12

16

5

12

32

10

6

9

3

7

7

6

1

3

28

1

11

13

4

14

4

7

8

15

6

16

27

9

6

4

4

14

11

12

3

10

32

14

2

9

4

1

8

4
2
9
4
13
22
2
3
6
2
6
7
4
3
13
12
6
1
9
6
6
7

4
4
8
5
11
17
2
3
4
1
6
6
3
1
4
7
3

7
3
1

8

19
26
48
20
52
98
23
18
23
10
33
31
25
8
30
79
24
14
38
17
22
27

4

?.

Radiance

Red-Letter Day

6

Red Radiance

fi

?.

Richmond

Seabird

Senateur Mascuraud

3
1

5

3

Simplicity

5

Souv. de Gustave Prat . .

fi

Souv. of Wootton

3

Sunburst

The Queen, T

Virginia R. Coxe

Viscountess Folkestone

5
6
5
1

W. E. Lippiatt

Wellesley

Wm. R. Smith, T

Willowmere

2
5
4
1

2

BUSH ROSES — RUGOSA HYBRmS

Name

UiK

Quantity of Bloom

Agnes Emily Carman . .

Alice Aldrich

Amelie Gravereaux . . .

Arnold

Blanc Double de Coubert .
Charles F. Worth ....
Conrad F. Meyer ....

Hansa

Hansen

Kamschatika

Mme. Georges Bruant . .
Mme. L. Villeminot . . .

Magnifica

Marie Fuller

New Century

Nova Zembla

Prostrata

Regina Badet

Repens alba

Rose k Parfum de I'Hay .
Roseraie de I'Hay ....

Rubra plena

Rugosa

Rugosa alba

Sir Thomas Lipton . . .
Souv. de Pierre Leperdrieux
W. Martin

May 12
May 24
May 20
May 24
May 10
May 20
May 29
May 15
May 16
May 14
May 19
May 20
May 13
May 14
May 14
May 17
May 25
May 18
May 13
May 20
May 15
May 12
May 19
May 12
May 16
May 12
June 4

S.
S.

V. s.
s.

s.

V. s.

V. s.

V. s.

s.

s.

s.

s.

s.

s.

s.

s.

s.

s.

M.

s.

M.

s.
s.
s.
s.
s.
s.
s.
s.

s.

V. s.
V. s.
s.
s.

s.
s.
s.
s.

s.
s.

M.

s.

s.

s.

s.

s.

s.

V. s.

s.

s.

s.

V. s.

V. s.
V. s.

s.
s.
s.
s.
s.
s.
s.
s.
s.

s.
s.
s.
v.s.

V. s.

s.
s.
s.

Oct. 3
July 20
Oct. 5
Aug. 6
Oct. 13
Sept. 5
July 4
Oct. 17
Sept. 27
Sept. 19
Oct. 11
July 28
Oct. 7
Sept. 28
Oct. 19
Oct. 19
July 13
Oct. 3
Oct. 16
Oct. 15
Sept. 17
Oct. 13
Sept. 3
Oct. 11
Sept. 27
Oct. 20
June 16

U.
U.
Sp
C.

u.
u.
u.
u.

u.
u.

Sp.

u.

L.

c.
c.
u.
p.
u.

Sp.
SI.

u.
c.
o.
u.
u.
u.
u.

Abbreviations. — A., abundant; C, compact; F., free; L., low; M., moderate; O., open; P.,
prostrate; Plent., plentiful; S., sparse; SI., slim; Sm., small; Sp., spreading; Suff., sufficient; U.,
upright; V., vigorous; V. S., very sparse: W., weak.

142

THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

CLIMBING ROSES — WICHURAI ANA HYBRIDS

Name

Adelaide Moulle . . . .

Alba rubrifolia

Aljjeric Barbier . . . .

Alida Lovett

American Beauty . . . .
American Pillar . . . .

Amethyste

Aviateur Bleriot . . . .

Bess Lovett

Birdie Blye

Bridal Wreath

Christine Wright . . . .

Coronation

Dazzling Red

Debutante

Dr. W. Van Fleet . . .
Dorothy Dennison . . .
Dorothy Perkins, Pink .
Dorothy Perkins, White .

Edmond Proust

Ethel

Evangeline

Excelsa

Farquhar

Ferdinand Roussel . . .
Frau von Brauer ....

Gardenia

Garisenda

Hiawatha

Jean Girin

Jersey Beauty

Kalmia

Klondyke

Lady Gay

Lady Godiva

Leontine Gervais ....

Longwood

Mme. Ghys

Manda's Triumph . . .

Mary Lovett

May Queen

Milky Way

Minnehaha

Miss Helyett

Mrs. Lovett

Mrs. M. H. Walsh . . .

Pearl Queen

Petite Jeanne

Petit Louis

Pink Roamer

Prof. C. S. Sargent . . .

Purity

Rowena

Ruby Queen

Silver Moon

Snowdrift

Sodenia

Source d'Or

South Orange Perfection
Universal Favorite . . .

W. C. Egan

Wedding Bells

Wichmoss

Wichuraiana, Variegated

,

First

Quantity

Last

Amount

Bloom

of Bloom

Bloom

of Growth

2yrs.

May 25

Moderate

June 16

4 yrs.

June 5

Moderate

June 19

Abundant

4 yrs.

May 27

Moderate

June 17

Abundant

4 yrs.

May 27

Moderate

June 13

Abundant

4 yrs.

June 20

Free

♦July 8

Plentiful

4 yrs.

June 2

Abundant

June 26

Abundant

2 yrs.

June 1

Free

June 14

Plentiful

3 yrs.

June 3

Moderate

June 12

Moderate

4 yrs.

May 29

Abundant

June 19

Abundant

4 yrs.

May 25

Free

♦June 18

Dwf. bushy

4 yrs.

May 25

Moderate

June 7

Plentiful

4 yrs.

May 21

Moderate

♦June 15

Abundant

3 yrs.

June 5

Abundant

♦June 27

Plentiful

4 yrs.

May 28

Free

June 24

Abundant

4 yrs.

June 7

Moderate

June 22

Sufficient

3 yrs.

May 25

Free

June 19

4 yrs.

June 9

Free

July 2

Abundant

4 yrs.

June 8

Free

June 28

Abundant

4 yrs.

June 8

Free

June 29

Abundant

3 yrs.

May 30

Sparse

June 20

Plentiful

2 yrs.

June 3

Free

June 15

4 yrs.

June 9

Free

June 27

Abundant

4 yrs.

June 9

Abundant

July 2

Abundant

3 yrs.

June 2

Moderate

June 24

Abundant

2 yrs.

May 28

Moderate

June 11

3 yrs.

June 5

Free

June 20

Plentiful

4 yrs.

May 24

Moderate

June 15

Abundant

2 yrs.

May 24

Sparse

June 18

4 yrs.

June 8

Abundant

July 4

Abundant

3 yrs.

June 5

Moderate

♦July 12

Plentiful

4 yrs.

June 2

Sparse

June 20

Plentiful

2 yrs.

June 5

Free

June 21

3 yrs.

May 28

Moderate

June 16

Plentiful

4 yrs.

June 7

Free

June 29

Plentiful

4 yrs.

June 9

Free

June 29

2 yrs.

June 1

Moderate

June 11

4 yrs.

May 25

Free

June 23

Abundant

4 yrs.

May 30

Abimdant

♦June 15

Plentiful

3 yrs.

May 30

Free

June 9

Abundant

4 yrs.

May 26

Moderate

June 15

Plentiful

4 yrs.

May 25

Moderate

June 18

Plentiful

' 3 yrs.

June 8

Free

Julys

Plentiful

4 yrs.

June 6

Free

♦July 6

Abundant

2 yrs.

May 19

Moderate

June 6

Sufficient

2 yrs.

June 5

Moderate

June 24

Plentiful

4 yrs.

June 11

Moderate

July 3

Plentiful

4 yrs.

May 22

Moderate

June 14

Abundant

3 yrs.

June 5

Free

♦June 26

Plentiful

3 yrs.

June 5

Moderate

June 18

Abundant

4 yrs.

May 29

Moderate

June 14

Abundant

4 yrs.

June 2

Moderate

June 18

Plentiful

3 yrs.

June 5

Moderate

June 15

Abundant

3 yrs.

June 2

Moderate

June 24

Plentiful

4 yrs.

May 30

Moderate

June 11

Abundant

4 yrs.

May 28

Moderate

June 16

Very abun.

3 yrs.

June 2

Sparse

June 16

Abundant

3 yrs.

June 5

Free

June 22

3 yrs.

June 1

Moderate

June 13

Plentiful

4 yrs.

June 6

Sparse

June 21

Abundant

4 yrs.

May 31

Sparse

June 21

Abundant

4 yrs.

May 30

Moderate

June 17

Plentiful

4 yrs.

May 29

Abundant

June 6

Plentiful

4 yrs.

May 30

Free

June 18

Plentiful

4 yrs.

June 7

Sparse

June 23

Moderate

♦These varieties give sparse bloom after the date mentioned, in some cases extending to frost.

NATIONAL ROSE TEST-GARDEN TO DATE 143

BABY RAMBLER ROSES— DWARF MULTIFLORA
(POLYANTHA) HYBRIDS

£

Quantity of Bloom

Name

s

s

^

o

S3

S o

c3

a

_>.

bO

a

■^

CO o

Xi

>
<

ss

%

i->

>-5

<

m

O

iJOJ

w

Sp.

o

.(Ennchen Miiller ....

4

May 29

s.

M.

S.

M.

S.

s.

Oct. 24

u

M.

Baby Dorothy

4

May 20

M.

A.

M.

M.

F.

M.

Oct. 24

li

c.

M.

Baby Elegance

4

May 18

M.

i<'.

S.

M.

M.

M.

Oct. 24

2i

c.

V.

Baby Rambler

4

May 22

M.

A.

F.

F.

F.

M.

Oct. 24

3

(J.

V.

Baby Tausendschon . . .

4

May 19

M.

h\

M.

S.

M.

M.

Oct. 18

U

c.

V.

Bordure

4

June 3

S.

M.

M.

M.

S.

M.

Oct. 24

2

(J.

M.

Cecile Brunner

4

May 21

M.

S.

S.

S.

M.

S.

Oct. 23

u

o.

w.

Clotilde Pfitzer

4

May 21

M.

A.

M.

M.

F.

M.

Oct. 23

2h

c.

V.

Ellen Poulsen

4

May 20

F.

M.

M.

M.

M.

M.

Oct. 23

1?

o.

M.

Erna Teschendorflf . . .

4

May 25

M.

h\

M.

M.

M.

S.

Oct. 24

2

c.

V.

Eugenie Lamesch ....

2

May 25

S.

M.

S.

S.

S.

S.

Oct. 17

2

c.

w.

George Elger

3

May 28

S.

S.

M.

M.

M.

M.

Oct. 20

2

c.

w.

Gruss an Aachen ....

4

May 21

M.

s.

M.

S.

M.

S.

Oct. 23

U

o.

M.

4
4

June 2
May 23

M.

M.

F.
M.

M.
M.

M.
S.

S.
M.

M.

S.

Oct. 24
Oct. 23

2i
2\

c.

M.

Katharina Zeimet ....

V.

Leonie Lamesch

4

May 20

M.

K.

S.

S.

S.

S.

Oct. 19

H

Sp.

M.

Mme. Jules Gouchault . .

4

May 25

M.

F.

M.

F.

M.

M.

Oct. 21

2^

c.

V.

Marie Pavie

4

May 15

M.

M.

M.

M.

M.

S.

Oct. 18

2i

u.

V.

Meadow Sweet

4

May 28

S.

S.

S.

S.

S.

S.

Oct. 24

u

c.

Sm

Mignonette

4

May 24

S.

M.

S.

M.

M.

s.

Oct. 21

2

c.

V.

Mrs. W. H. Cutbush . . .

4

May 23

M.

V.

M.

F.

M.

M.

Oct. 23

n

c.

V.

Orleans

4

May 29

M.

A.

F.

F.

M.

s.

Oct. 24

3i

c.

V.

Paquerette

4

June 19

S.

S.

S.

S.

S.

s.

Oct. 15

U

c.

Sm

Pink Soupert

4

May 21

S.

s.

S.

S.

s.

s.

Oct. 8

1

Sm

M.

Rodhatte

3

May 14

s.

M.

M.

s.

s.

s.

Oct. 25

ii

O.

M.

Schneekopf

4

May 23

s.

S.

M.

s.

M.

s.

Oct. 22

2i

o.

St.

Tip-Top

4

May IS

M.

M.

M.

s.

M.

s.

Oct. 18

u

u.

M.

Triomphe Orleanais . . .

4

May 21

K.

A.

F.

F.

F.

s.

Oct. 24

3

c.

V.

Yellow Baby Rambler . .

3

May 27

F.

S.

M.

s.

M.

M.

Oct. 20

u

c.

V.

Yvonne Rabier

4

May 25

M.

M.

S.

M.

M.

M.

Oct. 23

2

c.

V.

CLIMBING ROSES— TEA HYBRIDS

g

Quantity of Bloom

e

"o

Name

a)

>,

OS

a

"3

1-5

bi

<

1

o

Gruss an Teplitz

4

May 19

F.

S.

s.

s.

V. s.

v.s.

Sept. 20

Sufif.

Kaiserin Auguste Victoria . . .

2

June 8

M.

s.

s.

v.s.

v.s.

v.s.

Aug. 27

Suff.

?

May 25

S

s

V. s.

v.s.

v.s.

v.s.

Sept. 29

Suff.

3
3

May 24
May 27

S.

s.

s.
s.

s.
s.

v.s.
v.s.

v.s.
V. s.

v.s.
v.s.

Sept. 21
Oct. 1

Suff.

Marian Brunell

Suff.

Marie Guillot

2

May 25

s.

s.

M.

v.s.

v.s.

Aug. 2.

Suff.

Mme. Berard

3

June 13

s.

s.

s.

s.

s.

Oct. 8

Mme. Caroline Kuster ....

2

May 27

s.

s.

s.

s.

s.

M.

Oct. 13

Mme. Caroline Testout . . .

3

June 3

s.

s.

V. s.

v.s.

v.s.

s.

Sept. 26

Suff.

Mme. Driout

2

May 20

s.

s.

s.

v.s.

v.s.

v.s.

Sept 1

Suff.

Perle des Jardins

2

May 25

F.

s.

June 5

Reine Marie Henriette ....

4

May 30

s.

s.

s.

v.s.

v.s.

v.s.

Sept. 12

Suff.

Reine Marie Henriette, Striped

4

May 30

s.

s.

s.

s.

s.

Sept. 15

Plent.

Sheila Wilson

3

May 30

s.

s.

v.s.

v.s.

July 27

M.

144

THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

CLIMBING ROSES — NOISETTE HYBRIDS

a)

M
03

>
<

4

4
4
4
4
3
4
4
3
4
4
4

£ o

Km

Quantity of Bloom

*^ 3

Name

>>

0)

a

3

1-5

"3

3
<

ft

o

Alister Stella Gray . .
Ball of Snow . .

May 27
May 30
May 28
May 27
May 20
May 26
May 22
May 24
May 19
June 3
June 7
May 24

s.
s.
s.
s.
s.

M.
M.
M.

S.

s.
V. s.

s.

s.
s.

M.

s.
s.

M.

s.
s.
V. s.

s.
s.
s.

s.
s.

M.

s.

s.
s.

V. s.
s.
s.
s.

s.
s.
s.
s.

s.
s.

V. s.
s.

V. s.
s.

M.

S.
S.

s.

s.
s.

s.
s.
s.
s.

s.
s.

M.

s.

s.
s.

s.
s.

V. s.
s.

Oct. 19
Oct. 21
Oct. 21
Oct. 24
June 11
Oct. 20
Oct. 15
June 10
Oct. 11
Oct. 16
Sept. 21
Oct. 15

Suff.
5 ft

Caroline Marniesse
Coquette des Alpes . .
Coquette des Blanches
Fellemberg

2 ft.
4 ft.

3 ft.
l\ ft

Mme. Alfred Carriers .
Meteor

Plent.
4 ft

Meteor, CI

Suff.

Perle des Blanches . .
Pillar of Gold ....

3 ft.
Suff.

William Allen Richardson .

Suff.

CLIMBING ROSES — MULTIFLORA HYBRIDS

Name

Aglaia

Andreas Hofer

Anna Maria

Baroness von Ittersum ....

Blush Rambler

Cecile Brunner

Clotilde Soupert

Countess M. H. Chotek ....

Dawson

Electra

Everblooming Crimson Rambler

Flame

Flower of Fairfield

Goldfinch

Graf Zeppelin

Leuchstern

Miss G. Messman

Mrs. W. H. Cutbush

Mosella

Multiflora

Multiflora Cathayensis ....
Multiflora de la Grifferae ....

Multiflora japonica

Oriole

Parkzierde ■ .

Pompon

Queen Alexandra

Rubin

Seven Sisters

Shatemuc

Superba

Tausendschon

Thalia

Trier

Veilchenblau

Wartburg

Average

4 yrs.
3 yrs.
3 yrs.
3 yrs.

3 yrs.

4 yrs.

3 yrs.

4 yrs.
3 yrs.
3 yrs.
3 yrs.

3 yrs.

4 yrs.
4 yrs.
4 yrs.
4 yrs.
4 yrs.
4 yrs.
4 yrs.
4 yrs.
3 yrs.
3 yrs.

3 yrs.

4 yrs.

3 yrs.

4 yrs.
3 yrs.

3 yrs.

4 yrs.

2 yrs.
1 yr.

3 yrs.

3 yrs.

4 yrs.

3 yrs.

4 yrs.

First
Bloom

May 20
May 31
June 5
May 25
June 3
May 19
May 25
May 25
May 14
May 28
June 6
June 8
June 3
May 26
June 2
June 1
June 1
May 26
May 20
May 23
May 21
May 21
May 21
May 23
May 26
June 3
May 28
May 26
May 27
May 25
June 1
May 24
May 23
May 24
May 31
May 30

Quantity
of Bloom

Moderate

Abundant

Free

Moderate

Abundant

Free

Moderate

Free

Abundant

Moderate

Free

Free

Abundant

Free

Free

Abundant

Sparse

Free

Free

Sparse

Moderate

Moderate

Abundant

Free

Moderate

Moderate

Free

Free

Free

Moderate

Sparse

Free

Abundant

Free

Free

Moderate

Last
Bloom

*June 9
June 13
June 16
June 10
June 27

*June 16

*June 14
June 8
June 2
June 19

*June 23
June 28

*June 21
June 9

*June 13
June 18

*June 19

*June 16

*June 9
June 5
May 30
June 8
June 6
June 11
June 7

*June 8
June 8
June 17
June 14
June 10
June 6
June 12
June 7

*June 22
June 17

*June 15

Amount
of Growth

Abundant

Sufficient

Abundant

Abundant

Plentiful

Abundant

Plentiful

Plentiful

Abundant

Abundant

Plentiful

Abundant

Plentiful

Abundant

Abundant

Sufficient

Abundant

Abundant

Plentiful

Plentiful

Sufficient

Sufficient

Plentiful

Abundant

Moderate
Sufficient
Abundant
Abundant

Abundant

Sufficient

Plentiful

Plentiful

Abundant

*These varieties give sparse bloom after the dates mentioned, in some cases extending to frost.

NATIONAL ROSE TEST-GARDEN TO DATE 145

CLIMBING

ROSES— SETIGERA HYBRIDS

Name

Average
Years

First
Bloom

Quantity
of Bloom

Last
Bloom

Amount
of Growth

Baltimore Belle

Prairie Queen

3
4
3
4
4

June 6
June 3
May 21
June 18
June 1

Sparse

Free

Moderate

Abundant

Moderate

June 10
June 21
June 12
Julys
June 20

Plentiful
Abundant

Russell's Cottage

Setigera

Tennessee Belle

Sufficient
Abundant
Plentiful

CLIMBING ROSES — MISCELLANEOUS

Name

Ards Rover, H.P

Cherokee

Dundee Rambler, Arv . . .
Empress of China, Beng. . .
Hugh Dickson, H.P. . . .
Paul's Carmine Pillar, H.T.
Queen of the Belgians, Arv.
Zephirine Drouhin, H. Bour.

Average

First

Quantity

Last

Amount

Years

Bloom

of Bloom

Bloom

of Growth

2

May 24

Free

*May 30

3

May 13

Moderate

May 25

Abiindant

3

May 25

Free

June 7

Plentiful

3

May 18

Abundant

May 31

Abundant

2

May 25

Moderate

*June 5

2

May 15

Free

May 30

Sparse

2

May 27

Free

June 9

4

May 19

Free

*June 9

Abundant

*These varieties give sparse bloom after the dates mentioned, in some cases extending to frost

The Portland Annual Rose Show

By JESSE A. CURREY

THE ROSE SHOW at Portland, Ore., the largest strictly
amateur show in the United States, held annually in June,
in connection with the Portland Rose Festival, was a most
decided success in 1919. There were 266 individual exhibitors
and nearly 500 displays.

The feature of this show is the display of specimen blooms
of named varieties in boxes. In this respect it is similar to the
annual show in London. This year the classes at Portland con-
tained more box exhibitors than in any previous year. In
addition to the box exhibits there are classes for climbing roses,
the best three and the best seven Hybrid Teas, Hybrid Per-
petuals and Tea roses, the best displays of Mme. Caroline Tes-
tout roses (the famous rose of Portland), and a large assort-
ment of basket exhibits.

The "one-rose exhibit," in which every exhibitor shows one
rose which he considers the best bloom in his garden on the day

146 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

of the show, always attracts attention. This year the first prize for
this rose went to Mme . Melanie Soupert, and the second prize was
awarded to a wonderful bloom of Mrs. Joseph H. Welch, seven
and one-half inches in diameter, which would have carried off first
prize but for the fact that the stem had been cut too short.
The roses in the prize-winning box exhibits were as follows:

Best box of six specimen blooms: First prize — Soupert et Notting, Mme.
Melanie Soupert, Lyons Rose, Jonkheer J. L. Mock, Mme. Ravary, Harry
Kirk. Second prize — Ophelia, Mme. Edouard Herriot, Sunburst, Mme. Melanie
Soupert, William R. Smith, Richmond.

Box of twelve specimen roses: First prize — Ophelia, Lady Roberts, Lyons
Rose, Los Angeles, Miss Kate Moulton, Yvonne Vacherot, Duchess of Well-
ington, Jonkheer J. L. Mock, Richmond, Grange Colombe, General MacArthur,
Mrs. Wakefield Christie-Miller. Second prize — Frau Karl Druschki, J. B. Clark,
Yvonne Vacherot, Avoca, Gustav Griinerwald, Juliet, Lady Ursula, Mrs. Harold
Brocklebank, Mrs. Aaron Ward, Hugh Dickson, Duchess of Wellington,
Pharisaer.

Box of eighteen specimen roses : First prize — Mme. Melanie Soupert, MoUie
Sharman-Crawford, General MacArthur, White Killarney, Hugh Dickson,
Betty, Mme. Ravary, Franz Deegen, Lady Roberts, Ards Pillar, Souv. du
President Carnot, Reine Marie Henriette, Ophelia, Richmond, White Maman
Cochet, Miss Kate Moulton, Kaiserin Auguste Victoria, Mrs. E. J. Holland.
Second prize — Mme. Jules Bouche, Yvonne Vacherot, General MacArthur,
Los Angeles, May Martin, Mrs. Aaron Ward, Jidiet, Lyons Rose, Lady Roberts,
Radiance, Jonkheer J. L. Mock, Mme. Abel Chatenay, Paul NejTon, Mrs.
Wakefield Christie-Miller, Lady Alice Stanley, Ophelia, Joseph Hill, Duchess
of Wellington.

Box of twenty-four specimen roses: First prize — J. B. Clark, Gustav Griiner-
wald, Hugh Dickson, Coronation, Marquise de Sinety, Duchess of Wellington,
Prince de Bulgarie, Konigin Carola, Mrs. Charles Russell, Andre Gamon, Mme.
Melanie Soupert, Harry Kirk, Jonkheer J. L. Mock, General MacArthur, Los
Angeles, Mrs. Herbert Stevens, Hugh Sutherland, Mme. Charles Lutaud, Rhea
Reid, Mons. Rostrand, Constance, Joseph Hill, Sunburst, Juliet. Second prize —
Mrs. Wakefield Christie-Miller, Grange Colombe, Mme. Jules Bouche, Captain
Hayward, Lady Pirrie, Richmond, Los Angeles, Duchess of Wellington, Lady
Roberts, Frau Lila Rautenstrauch, Mrs. Aaron Ward, Yvonne Vacherot,
Lyons Rose, Ophelia, Betty, Juliet, Mme. Caroline Testout, George Arends,
Mabel Morrison, Gruss an Teplitz, Killarney Brillant, Paul Neyron, May
Martin, Joseph Hill.

Best basket of red roses: First prize — J. B. Clark. Second prize — General
MacArthur.

Best basket pink roses: First prize — Mrs. E. G. Hill. Second prize —
Mme. Abel Chatenay.

Best basket white roses : First prize — Frau Karl Druschki. Second prize —
Gloire Lyonnaise.

Best basket yellow roses: First prize — Mme. Ravary. Second prize —
Mme. Melanie Soupert.

Best basket of fifty roses: First prize — Richmond.

Best seven Hybrid Tea roses: First prize — Grange Colombe.

Best seven Hybrid Perpetual roses : First prize — Gloire Lyonnaise.

Best seven Tea roses: First prize — Lady Hillingdon.

Rose Notes

By THE EDITOR AND OTHERS

A Better Way To Use the Hybrid Rugosas. — The inherent beauty and free
spring-blooming qualities of the Conrad Ferdinand Meyer rose are generally
recognized, but its vigorous growth often produces unsatisfactory results when
used in a bed, a hedge, or even as a single large lawn specimen, and it does not
lend itself to easy control in standard or
tree form. After trials along the foregoing
lines, four well-developed plants were
transplanted to form a four-post arch, as
indicated in the sketch. The arch was
constructed of four one-inch iron-pipe
posts, driven into the ground at the
corners of an eight-foot square, and a
three-eighths-inch round iron rod sprung
on each diagonal between the tops of the
posts, so that the highest point of the
arch at the intersection of the three-
eighths-inch rods was eight feet above
the ground-line. In the second year the
growth was suflScient to cover the arch
and an area about five feet square, with
the intersection of the rods as its center.

This rose, when well established, will ,
develop from two to five twelve-foot
canes a season, which, if trained on the
lines of such an arch, will develop blooms
throughout to within a foot or two of the
ground-line.

On June 1, 1919, this arch was literally covered with more than 100 well-
developed blooms of the typical silver-pink of this beautiful Hybrid Rugosa.
No special care is required other than tying the canes to the frame of the arch. —
W. C. Spruance, Wilmington, Del.

Fig. 5. A four-post arch, covered
with the Hybrid Rugosa, Conrad Ferdi-
nand Meyer.

The Rose-Leaf Propagation Experiment.— On page 131 of the 1919 Annual,
Mr. Charles E. F. Gersdorff reported a most interesting experiment undertaken
to determine whether one particularly good rose could be propagated from its
leaves. Much interest was excited by the story of the experiment, which was
yet in an incomplete shape when the 1919 Annual went to press. In a letter
dated February 16, 1920, Mr. Gersdorff reports on the experiment as follows:

"Regarding my rose-leaf propagation experiment, I must report that it was
a partial failure. By the latter part of March practically all of the whole leaflet
and leaf-cuttings had rooted and were still green in appearance and gave every
indication of success. A day or so later some mischievous boys, not of our neigh-
borhood, undertook a bit of target practice with stones, the targets being the
jars covering my cuttings. All were broken when I reached home that evening,
and, though doubtful of success, I tried to save the cuttings by covering with
new jars. Needless to say the experiment was thus brought to an untimely end.

(147)

148 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

"It was my intention to repeat the experiment last spring and summer but
was unable to get to it, owing to the large number of gladioli I had to plant, as
well as seedling Mums. If I can find the time, will try to repeat the experiment
this summer."

Getting Acquainted with the National Rose Society of England. — The
Honorable Secretary of the National Rose Society of England, Mr. Courtney
Page, has long been a welcome correspondent with the editorial oflBce of the
American Rose Annual. An inquiry during the autumn of 1919 as to the possi-
bility of obtaining colored lantern-slides of American roses for showing to the
members of the National Rose Society, brought about the gathering of a com-
plimentary set of such lantern-slides, which, early in December, 1919, was sent
to the National Rose Society with the Christmas compliments and best wishes
of the officers of the American Rose Society and many of its members.

The set included sixty-two beautifully colored slides, and a message of greet-
ing and good wishes from President Robert Pyle. The pictm-es used in prepar-
ing the lantern-slides covered the M. H. Walsh roses, Hiawatha, Evangeline,
Excelsa, Delight, Sweetheart, Paradise, Lady Gay, and Mrs. M. H. Walsh; Cap-
tain Thomas' wonderful rose-garden at Chestnut Hill, the rose Dr. Huey, and the
new Thomas seedlings "89A" and "95C" ; Climbing American Beauty, Purity, and
Christine Wright, of Hoopes, Bro. & Thomas' production; General MacArthur,
Mme. Butterfly, Columbia, and Premier, from E. G. Hill; Souvenir of Wootton
(first Hybrid Tea raised in the United States, in 1888), Glorified La France,
Radiance, and My Maryland, from John Cook; Mrs. Charles Russell, Hadley,
Pilgrim, Crusader, and Wellesley, from Alexander W. Montgomery, Jr.;
Dr. W. Van Fleet, American Pillar, Sir Thomas Lipton, Silver Moon, Mary
Lovett, Alida Lovett, and Bess Lovett, of the Van Fleet productions; Sargent,
Farquhar, Dawson, and W. C. Egan, as hybridized by the late Jackson Dawson;
Gardenia, as introduced by W. A. Manda; Dorothy Perkins, of Jackson &
Perkins Co.; Golden Gate, by Dingee & Conard Co.; Los Angeles, by Howard
& Smith; Elizabeth Ziegler and Mrs. Charles Bell, by A. N. Pierson, Inc. There
was also included a picture of Baltimore Belle, about the first notably American
rose, introduced by Samuel Feast in 1843.

Views were included of the National Rose Test-Garden at Arlington; of the
Public Rose-Garden at Elizabeth Park, in Hartford; of the Minneapolis Muni-
cipal Rose-Garden; and of the rose-garden of Mr. James J. Goodwin, of Hart-
ford. Roses along the streets and a typical rose-garden came from Portland, Ore.,
and the Banksise rose as in the Magnolia Gardens of South Carolina was in-
cluded, with a Cherokee showing from the same place. The expense of making
these slides was met mostly by the subscriptions of those at interest, the general
views and the transportation being a charge on the American Rose Society.

Good Fall Bloom in Auburn, N. Y. — In some sections of the United States
the season of 1919 was particularly favorable toward summer rose-bloom. In
the rose gardens of David M. Dunning, of Auburn, N. Y., where the forceful
and active Auburn Rose Society met for their first annual garden party session,
there were in bloom during the first week in September the following roses:

Betty, British Queen, Mme. Colette Martinet, Constance, Countess of
Shaftesbury, Duchess of Wellington, Edward Mawley, Frau Karl Druschki,

ROSE NOTES 149

Ethel Malcolm, George Arends, Gruss an Teplitz, Gustav Griinerwald, Harry-
Kirk, Hermosa, Irish Fireflame, Jonkheer J. L. Mock, Kaiserin Augusta Vic-
toria, Konigin Carola, Lady Alice Stanley, Lady Hillingdon, Lady Pirrie,
Lyon Rose, Mme. Edouard Herriot, Mme. Leon Pain, Mme. Segond Weber,
Marie Adelaide, Marquise de Ganay, Mary Countess of Ilchester, Mrs. Amy
Hammond, Mrs. Charles Custis Harrison, Mrs. Wemyss Quin, Mrs. R. G. Shar-
man-Crawford, Mrs. Herbert Stevens, Mrs. A. R. Waddell, Mrs. S. T. Wright,
My Maryland, Old Gold, Orleans, Pharisaer, President Vignet, Radiance,
Red-Letter Day, Rodocanachi, Simplicity, Sunburst, Souvenir de la Malmaison,
Willowmere.

California as a Source of Roses to Replace Holland. — The shrewd nur-
serymen of The Netherlands have been the main som-ce of supply of "finished"
roses in the United States for many years. As reported on page 114 of the 1919
Annual, the importations from Holland in six years averaged 1,722,531 per year
to June 30, 1918. For the year ended June 30, 1919, right in the edge of the
application of Quarantine No. 37, the total, as reported by the Federal Horti-
cultural Board directly, was 126,964 — less than 10 per cent of the preceding
average. For the six previous years, and probably long before, Holland supplied
slightly over 75 per cent of all roses imported from abroad.

Now come the California rose propagators, particularly in the vicinity of
San Jose, with a tremendous rose effort. A careful survey of the concerns in
southern California preparing to produce budded roses on Manetti stock in
1920 indicates that there are in the ground some 3,760,000 Manetti cuttings,
which, if they prosper reasonably, will be fit for budding in the summer of 1920.
It is probably not too much to expect from these preparations, under ordinary
growing conditions, the production of as many as three millions of "finished"
budded roses in California alone.

The own-root growers are not asleep. One of them is reported to have "two
million cuttings very nicely rooted, in good shape for transplanting," and
another "who has usually propagated two hundred thousand has now a propa-
gation of a million." This takes no account of lesser units aggregating at least
another half -million.

There is thus in sight the possible, and indeed probable, production of
upwards of six millions of roses, mostly for the 1921 market, in California alone.
Recent experiences show that solid carloads of rose plants can travel to the
East in about one week's time, with a minimum of transportation damage, so
that satisfactory eastern distribution is possible.

It is known to many acquainted with horticultural commerce that California
has been making attempts to supplant Holland in the production of the so-called
"Dutch" bulbs. This tremendous rose-effort will show that the wonderful
state of the Pacific Golden Gate is planning also to be the rose-source of
America.

Who Has the Same Experience? — John Gill, a field rose-grower of West
Berkeley, Calif., writes that "one variety that has proved very satisfactory to
us outside for cut-flowers is Irish Elegance. It is not only a good seller, but a
wonderfully free bloomer." What has anybody else to say about this beautiful,
nearly single, rose?

150 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

Mrs. Aaron Ward Reports on Willovonere Roses. — The lovely gardens
of Willowmere (near Roslyn, L. I., N. Y.), in which the late Admiral Ward did
such wonderful work with roses, are maintained in full order since his death,
in 1918, by Mrs. Ward, whose interest has long been known to be scarcely less
acute than that of her great husband. The Willowmere gardens are famous
for iris, peonies, and other herbaceous plants, and the showing of early bulbs
attracts attention far and wide. It is worth while to know that these displays
are continued. In November, 1919, Mrs. Ward wrote thus to the Editor:

"Admiral Ward was deprived of the pleasure of seeing the result of some of
his latest plantings and experiments. Possibly it might interest you to have a
list of the newer comers which have done well here. Owing to the severe losses
during that last cold winter of his life, he replaced quite a number of novelties
which has friends kindly sent him. Some have done very well, others not, but
we never decide definitely for or against under three years, wherefore the va-
rieties I am naming hereafter may not be permanent additions to the garden.
Also, others which I have not included may do better another year.

"Some of the roses I list have been here longer, but I include them because
people do not seem so familiar with them and have admired them. The last
few years the Admiral was collecting climbers, and some of them have been very
lovely this year. In the list I have omitted well-known roses like American
Pillar, Excelsa, etc.

"Our early season of bloom this year was very successful and unusually
prolonged. Up to nearly the end of July we had a fine display, but after that
the persistent rain and almost entire lack of sunshine until September 12, or
later, prevented our usual fall bloom."

Here follows Mrs. Ward's list of commended recent roses. Unless otherwise
mentioned, they are all Hybrid Teas:

Admiral Ward, Amalie de Greiff, Augustus Hartmann, Constance, Per.,
Duchess of Westminster, Francklin, Freifrau von der Goltz, General-Superior
Arnold Janssen, Grange Colombe, Gruss an Aachen, Poly., Hugonis, Sp., Jacques
Porcher, Lady Greenall, Lady Mary Ward, Lady Plymouth, T., Lillian Moore,
Los Angeles, Marie Adelaide, Per., Mme. C. Chambard, Mme. Colette Martinet,
Mme. Edmond Rostand, Mrs. Charles E. Allen, Mrs. Charles Bell, Mrs.Charles
Hunter, Mrs. Franklin Dennison, Mrs. R. D. McClure, Mrs. MacKellar,
Mrs. Wakefield Christie-Miller, Mrs. Wallace H. Rowe, Mrs. Wemyss Quinn,
Primerose, Raymond, Per., Red Radiance (Gude), Red Radiance (Pierson),
Sir John Duncan.

The list of climbers at Willowmere which have been found worth while
follows:

Aime Vibert, Nois.; Alberic Barbier, H.W.; Alexandre Girault, H.W.;
Bagatelle, Mult.; Billard et Barre, Cl.T.; Blanche Frowein, Cl.H.T.; Bon-
tigny; Christine Wright, H.W.; Danae, Cl.H.T.; Dorothy Dennison, H.W.;
Dr. W. Van Fleet, H.W.; Desu-6 Bergera, H.W.; Evergreen Gem, H.W.;
Florence H. Veitch, H.T. (semi-climber); Francois Crousse, Cl.T.; Francois
Foucard, H.W.; Fraulein Octavia Hesse, H.W.; Gainsborough, Cl.H.T.;
Garisenda, H.W.; Gerbe Rose, H.W.; Jean Girin, H.W.; Lady Blanche, H.W.;
Leontine Gervais, H.W.; Longwood; Mary Lovett, H.W.; Milky Way, H.W.;
Minnehaha, H.W.; Mme. Auguste Nonin, H.W.; Mme. Driout, Cl.T.; Mme.
Jules Gravereaux, Cl.T.; Moonlight, Cl.H.T.; Noella Nabonnand, Cl.T.;
Paul's Carmine Pillar, Cl.H.T.; Paul's Scarlet Climber, H.W.; Paul Transon,
H.W.; Reine Marie Henriette (old), Cl.H.T.; Mme. Sancy de Parabere, Bour-
seault; Sarah Bernhardt, Cl.H.T.; Silver Moon, H.W.; The Lion, H.W.; Una,
H.W.; Veilchenblau, H.W.; Wichmoss, H.W.; Zephirine Drouhin, H.Bour.

ROSE NOTES 151

Hardy Roses in North Dakota. — The intensely rigorous climate of our
Northwest does not preclude the culture of the rose. Indeed, our native roses
are our best landscape material, giving us as much, if not a little more, efifect
for the effort expended than any other of our hardy shrubs. To our natives we
can add such roses as the Rugosa and Harison's Yellow as doing well without
protection. The Persian Yellow has also stood up well for a number of winters.

If we will provide winter protection in the shape of about six inches to a foot
of soil covering, we can carry a bed of tender roses through winter after winter.
I have carried Crimson Rambler and Climbing American Beauty successfully
through winter after winter; the canes were laid flat on the ground and covered
with about a foot of garden soil.

All the worth-while Hybrid Perpetuals are available, but why trouble with
them at all when the splendid everblooming bedder Gruss an Teplitz blooms
for us even after our first killing frosts.'' Underneath its coverlet of earth it will
pass our severest winters unharmed, if only it has not been allowed to go into
winter quarters in a dry condition.

Moss roses are hardy, and some of the old-fashioned June roses of our grand-
mothers' gardens once established spread almost as persistently as our native
stock. Thus a rose-garden is well within the possibilities of our climate. In fact,
we can have a garden that is presentable the year round by confining our plant-
ing material almost entirely to the rose family; the heps of the native roses spar-
kle against the snow in winter. — C. L. Meller, Fargo, N. D.

From the Home of "La France," — In the 1919 Annual there was printed
on page 88 a letter from Madame Louise Guillot, widow of Pierre Guillot, of
Lyons, the distinguished French rosarian who in 1867 originated La France, the
first Hybrid Tea, and yet unapproached in many respects. Madame Guillot
sends a most impressive list of the roses to the credit of the great establishment,
now in its third generation, over which her husband presided for nearly a half-
centm-y. It is surprising to note how many of these roses are yet in active
demand. Beginning with the fine Tea rose Mme. Falcot, introduced in 1858,
there followed La France, Catharine Mermet, Marie Guillot, Etoile de Lyon,
Comtesse de Nadaillac, Mme. Jules Grolez, Mme. Leon Pain, Mme. P. Euler,
Frangois Crousse, Mme. Laurette Messimy, Mme. Hoste, and many others
which yet hold a high place in the esteem of rose-lovers in England and America.
In this extended career of rose improvement, the house of Guillot has received
more than a hundred medals and other awards of merit, beginning with a gold
medal conferred in 1866 for Mme. Margottin, and continuing down to recent
years.

It is a significant career for the consideration of American rosarians, this
one of the three generations of Guillot, the present representative of which.
Marc Guillot, is following directly in the footsteps of his forebears.

A Korean Yellow Rose. — A letter from Prof. C. S. Sargent, dated March
24, 1919, contains the following:

"Wilson is back and reports having found in a Korean garden a very beau-
tiful double-flowered yellow rose which he thinks is better than anything of the
kind he has seen elsewhere, and a rose, too, which ought to be hardy here."

152 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

An Australian "Spring" Rose Show. — The National Rose Society of
Victoria, New South Wales, Australia, is a live and active organization, a greet-
ing from which was presented in the 1919 Annual. Its Secretary, George W.
Walls, sends us the details of the important and successful show held on
Wednesday, Nov. 5, 1919, which date corresponds, on the other side of the
globe, to June with us. The exhibition was opened with an address by the Gov-
ernor-General, Sir Ronald Munso Ferguson, who presented as his associate
the Governor of Tasmania, Sir Francis Newdegate.

Many prizes were awarded upon a rigid scale of points for judging, which,
with the rules governing the show, affords so much suggestive help that both
are here reprinted :

RULES FOR JUDGING NEW SEEDLING ROSES AND SPORTS
NATIONAL ROSE SOCIETY, OF VICTORIA, NOVEMBER, 1919

1. The judges shall be nine in number, and shall be appointed by the Committee, at its
first meeting. Six to form a quorum.

2. No award shall be made unless at least two-thirds of the judges present are in favor
of such award.

3. No exhibitor or raiser of a new seedling rose or sport shall act as a judge, or be present
during the consideration of such exhibit.

4. New seedling roses or sports may be exhibited for an award at either Spring or
Autumn Shows. And notice thereof must be given to the Secretary on the morning of the
show. Seedlings or sports may be judged at any other time by notifying the Secretary at
least three clear days before the judging is to take place.

5. Six blooms at least of any exhibition variety, and six stems at least of any other
variety, shall be exhibited for an award.

6. All roses must be judged in good daylight.

7. Exhibitors shall notify the Secretary whether the variety is a seedling or sport. If
a sport, the variety from which it came should be named.

8. There shall be two grades of awards, viz: Gold Medal and Certificate of Merit,
such awards to be made to the raisers only.

9. Before a Gold Medal or Certificate is finally awarded, the judges, or some person or
persons appointed on their behalf, shall view the growing plant and report thereon.

10. The judges shall satisfy themselves before granting an award that the rose to be
judged is entirely distinct from any other variety.

11. The granting of a Certificate does not debar any rose from being again exhibited
for a higher award.

12. A seedling rose or sport may be exhibited for an award, although the variety is in
commerce.

13. The judging shall be in private.

14. The judges will, as far as possible, assist the raiser to classify seedling roses and
sports.

Points shall be allotted as follows in judging awards —

Exhibition Roses

Maximum Minimima to Secure To Secure

Points Gold Medal Certificate

Color 15 12 103^

Form 15 12 10}^

Substance of petal 10 8 7

Size 15 12 10^

55 44 38 J^

Decorative Roses

Color 15 12 lOH

Substance of petal 10 8 7

Form 10 8 7

Perfume 10 8 7

Habit without support 15 12 lOH

60 48 42

ROSE NOTES 153

Single Roses — Definition: One row of Petals

Maximum Maximum to Secure To Secure

Points Gold Medal Certificate

Color 15 12 lOH

Size 10 8 7

Substance of petal 10 8 7

Form 10 8 7

Foliage 15 12 10)^

Length of stem and habit without support . . 10 8 7

70 56 49

Polyantha, Wichuraiana and Multiflora Hybrids

Color 15 12 10^

Form of flower and of truss 10 8 7

Number of flowers on stem 10 8 7

Habit and foliage 10 8 7 '

Perfume 5 2 1

50 38 32 K

Roses in Utah. — From some chatty and entertaining letters, written by
H. P. Merry, of Salt Lake City, there are condensed the following notes:

"If we had a rose test-garden here, conducted by the American Rose Society,
I believe the people of Utah and this inter-mountain region would become just
as enthusiastic about the rose as those living in the eastern part of the United
States.

"Through the energetic work of Sidney R. Lambourne, Superintendent of
Liberty Park in this city, we have obtained a rather extensive municipal rose-
garden, in which there bloom well Hadley, Richmond, Kaiserin Auguste Vic-
toria, Lady Hillingdon, Mme. Abel Chatenay, and, of course, Gruss an Teplitz.
Among the climbing roses, American Pillar does best, while Dorothy Perkins
and Dr. W. Van Fleet do well.

"A visit among several of the rose-growing tradesmen here indicates that
the general line of Hybrid Tea roses which you like in the East are just as good
here, including also the Polyanthas."

It is not unlikely that some good forcing roses will come from Utah. Follow-
ing a "tip" from E. G. Hill, who can scent a rose any number of miles, an inter-
esting correspondence has been had with Mr. Robert Miller, of Farmington,
Utah, who has produced of his own hybridization two new roses, Wasatch and
Utah, but is trying them out before offering them in the market. It is apparent,
not only that the Hybrid Tea roses do well in Utah, but that there is a high grade
of rose appreciation available there.

A Hint from Italy. — Our Italian correspondent, who sent us last year a
most interesting letter (page 85 of the 1919 Annual), in commenting on the less
well-known varieties, calls attention to Zephirine Drouhin, a thornless climber
illustrated last year facing page 137, of which she says that "it is an admirable
rose for color, perfume, foliage and floriferousness, being good both as a bush
rose or as a climber." It is classed as a Hybrid Boiu-bon, and was sent out in 1873
by Bizot, a French grower. Uniting "bright carmine pink" color to unusual
fragrance, it would seem to merit more consideration, especially as the National
Rose Society's select list recommends it as "very vigorous," as well as suitable
for use as a rose for "garden, pillar, hedge, wall."

154

THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

Rose Importations to June 30, 1919. — It has been a custom of the Annual
to obtain accurate information as to the number and sources of rose importations
into the United States. On page 114 of the 1919 issue, an official statement was
presented from the Federal Horticultural Board, showing the importations for
the six years ending June 30, 1918. There had been received an annual average
of 2,289,382 rose plants from abroad, of which Holland supplied 1,722,531.

With the end of general rose-plant importations under Quarantine No. 37
on June 1, 1919, the quantities brought in diminish to nearly the vanishing
point. Inquiry of Dr. Marlatt brought the following details, including, it will
be noticed, the quantity of rose stocks admitted for propagation:

"Dear Mr. McFarland: In reply to your letter of Feb. 17, 1920, I advise you
that the following quantities of roses and rose stocks were imported into the
United States during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1919:

Roses

Rose Stocks

Number

Per cent

Number

Per cent

England

France

Holland . -

28,048

334,961

126,964

11,142

2,779

44

5.6

66.5

25.2

2.2

.5

.0

1,149,000

1,378,452

256,650

137,000

80,000

38.3

45.9

8.6

Ireland

Scotland • • ■

4.5
2.7

Total

503,938

100.

3,001,102

100.

Very truly yours,

C. L. Marlatt,
Chairman of Federal Horticultural Board."

Roses in New Zealand. — Inquiring as to the American Rose Society, and
asking for American rose catalogues, J. B. Barr, of Christchurch, New Zealand,
writes: "Now that the war is over everyone of us will surely desire to redouble
our efforts to plan and beautify our gardens, and of course it is roses first,
usually." Rose-love knows no geographic limitations ! — The Editor.

What Was the Matter with Mr. Mann's Roses? — One of the most interest-
ing articles in the 1919 Annual was "The Making of a Rose Enthusiast and His
Garden," by George R. Mann, of Little Rock, Ark. Mr. Mann, a distinguished
architect, confessed his conversion from golf to roses for recreation, and promised
to make accurate bloom records in 1919. His letter of August 26 explains why
he could not do so :

"I am greatly disappointed, and I am afraid you will be, that I have been
unable to fill out the rose cards you sent me last spring. The reason for my
failure to do so is that I have had no roses this year to judge from. Last winter
was very warm and the roses made a lot of growth in February. March was
raw and cold, so much so that all growth on the plants was stopped. In April
I got quite a lot of bloom, but it was all on short stems with but little growth
beyond what was made in February. It rained practically every day in May,

ROSE NOTES 155

and black-spot and other leaf-troubles ran rampant. Do what I could, I found
it impossible to stop the trouble, and the roses lost practically all of their leaves,
made no growth, many of them died, and all of them lost more or less of the
main shoots. It has only been during the last month that they have shown any
signs of growth, and are now making quite a bit of bloom.

"I thought at first that the trouble was caused by the fact that they had no
rest last winter, but a lot of new roses from the North, planted last fall and this
spring, that presumably had had a winter's rest, acted the same as my old roses,
in fact 90 per cent of all the new roses died. That this condition is not local is
proven by the fact that I have had letters from four southern states reciting the
same conditions, and asking if I knew of any treatment that could be given
them. As it is, I will be obliged to about make over my garden this fall."

Rose Potpourri. — Select petals from full-blown, sweetest-scented roses,
spread on dish to dry in an airy place, and sprinkle well with salt. Stir and turn
daily during a period of five days. At end of this period add the following to
each pint of dry salted rose petals: One-half teaspoon ground cinnamon, one-
half teaspoon ground cloves, a few dried leaves each of lemon verbena, rose-
mary, and lavender, and a little orris-root powder. Stir together, and set away
in a sealed jar to blend and season. When ready it can be used for sachets, etc.
— Chas. E. F. Gersdorff.

The Rose-Awakening of Rochester. — Wherever Dr. Edmund M. Mills,
of Syracuse, N. Y., goes, there more roses are sure to grow, unless it is the dead
of winter ! (It is not recorded that the good Doctor in his enforced residence in
a village above Syracuse for three days in February, when he was snowbound
for that length of time, produced growing roses, but it is quite certain that he
started rose-thought among the people who were so fortunate as to have him
with them.)

On Feb. 20, 1920, Dr. Mills addressed a large crowd of interested persons
in the Chamber of Commerce of Rochester, congratulating the Rose Society
of Rochester upon reaching a membership of nearly 250 in one year. John
Dunbar, the plant-loving superintendent of Highland Park, is the President of
the Society, and it is to be under his chairmanship that a great rose show will
be held in the June blooming-time of 1920.

Why Do Rose Seeds Germinate So Slowly? — Workers with roses know
that in most cases freshly gathered and freshly sown seeds cannot be expected
to germinate with any uniformity or certainty in any particular time. Dr. Van
Fleet, for example, does not destroy the flats in which he may have sowed seeds
of some of his own crosses for at least two years.

An amateur rose-worker, who recently visited Dr. Van Fleet, obtained con-
siderable light on the reason for this slow germination. It is said to be "a fact
that most of the seeds of the rose family are not usually fully developed when
the seed-pod, or hep, is mature, but continue to ripen, usually for at least a year,
germinating the year after planting. There are exceptions to this general ob-
servation, particularly with cultivated roses."

Here, then, is a reason for the delay experienced in securing germination.

156 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

Some Own-Root Experiences. — The question of "own-root versus grafted
roses" has agitated rose enthusiasts since the day when a wild root found itself
supporting the first aristocrat of the race, and, in view of the present quaran-
tine restrictions against plant importations, it is probable that renewed interest
will be aroused in the effort to decide the best method of growing roses for the
American garden.

That the grafted rose usually makes rapid growth during its first season is
of common knowledge, for it is already supplied with a root system in excess
of its immediate requirements, and generally outstrips its own-root companion,
which has to develop its means of support before it can make much progress.

Many of our roses root with difficulty, and in such cases recourse must be
had to graftage if they are to be grown at all. But, with the growing list of
desirable varieties which thrive on their own roots, there seems little reason
to include these laggards in permanent garden plantings.

Obviously, climatic and soil conditions greatly influence growth and bloom
production, and those varieties which do well in the vicinity of Philadelphia
might prove unsatisfactory in other localities. A few of my own experiences
and observations may, however, be of interest to others who have foimd delight
in rose-culture.

Too much cannot be said of Radiance as an own-root subject. In my garden
I have found this splendid variety more than satisfactory. No matter what
weather conditions prevail, Radiance may be depended upon to produce a goodly
number of blooms from early summer to late fall. Red Radiance is its counter-
part in vigor and bloom-production.

Another excellent own-root rose is General-Superior Arnold Janssen. I
have found it a close competitor of Radiance in the matter of growth and
bloom. Its unusual color makes it a striking addition to any garden.

While Ophelia doesn't appear to produce wood so freely on its own root as
when grafted; it is a reliable bloomer, even when the plant is quite small. As
a garden rose it may well be recommended.

In the case of Jonkheer J. L. Mock, I have found that grafted specimens,
while no more vigorous than own-root plants, are slightly more liberal in
flowers. There appears to be no difference in the quality of the blooms produced.

The blooms on my own-root Hoosier Beauty plants siu"pass, both in quality
and quantity, those on the grafted ones, and the growth is more vigorous.

An experience with garden roses, covering many years, has convinced me of
the superiority of the own-root rose, and, in conclusion, I may quote from the
excellent Farmers' Bulletin, "Roses for the Home," that "own-rooted plants
are best for the average grower." — H. S. Tillotson.

[The reader is also referred to Mr. Bentz's article on page 60. — ^Editor.]

"Never Too Old To Love Roses!" — These words the Editor finds in an
interesting letter from the climbing rose specialist, A. J. Fish, of New Bedford,
Mass. This is a paragraph of the letter:

"I want to tell you of an incident that happened at one of the June shows
last summer. A very sturdy old gentleman came to me, looking for a good climb-
ing rose. He said he went to Florida in the winter, but always returned in time
to care for his roses in the spring. I asked him his age, and he said he was only
ninety-four years old. While he had a cane he did not seem to depend on it for
support, so you see men are never too old to love roses when once they have
grown them."

ROSE NOTES 157

Impressions of Rose Los Angeles. — Not long since, after speaking one
evening on gardening at Des Moines, Iowa, I met the owner of a fine rose-garden.
To my first question to him, "Have you Los Angeles?" the reply was "Thirty-
two." I could not conceal the pleasure I felt in finding this glory of a rose
appreciated as it was there. Since the first plant of Los Angeles flowered with
me, I have seen no other rose to compare with it in several ways :

First, in color: The glow of this rose, the suffusion of pink and yellow, pro-
ducing an effect of illumination — in this respect Los Angeles is incomparable.
Its color is adequately shown in the plate opposite page 37 of the Rose Annual
for 1917, also in a color illustration in Dreer's 1920 Seed-List. A beautifully
drawn study appeared in Le Revue Horticole soon after the Grand Prix was
awarded to Los Angeles at the trials at Bagatelle, but this was unsatisfactory
as to color. In the actual rose, this miracle of color persists with remarkable
purity till the petals fall.

Second, in form: The charming proportions of this rose set it apart. The
flat, full-petaled roundness of its cup when fully expanded gives it a decorative
quality not often seen in roses. There is distinction in the flower from the day
its pointed bud is formed to the moment of its first loosening petal.

Third, in foliage and habit of growth: The rich green of the leaves of Los
Angeles make a fine setting for the brilliant flowers. The rose is held well up at
the top of straight, stiff stems, and the dark foliage is almost of an ivy-green —
a very satisfactory color.

The keeping quality of Los Angeles, when cut, is another valuable character-
istic. Brought in from the garden when color first shows in the bud, it develops
fast in water and holds its perfect beauty much longer than almost any other
of its conu-ades. Its fragrance is delicious. In short, it is a rose to marvel at
and to revel in.

Small wonder that American rosarians take pride in Los Angeles — that they
rejoiced when the judges at Bagatelle in 1918 awarded the coveted prize of
France to Messrs. Howard & Smith for this enchanting rose. Hybrid Tea though
it is, it has lived through one cold and one warm winter with me in central
Michigan and is as lusty as possible.

Lavender candytuft is a most lovely companion flower for this rose when
cut — or the lavender statices, or such a lavender sweet pea as is that brilliant
new one, Mrs. Tom Jones. It is impossible to appreciate the charm of this
combination of flowers — of any one of these arrangements — imtil they are
seen; but let me advise growing one or all of these other flower subjects as con-
temporaries of Los Angeles, for as delicate a harvest of beauty as can be had
from any garden. — Mrs. Francis King.

Preserving Cut Roses. — There are a number of chemicals which give
more or less success in prolonging the life of cut roses. A little saltpeter or
carbonate of soda, sprinkled in the water, generally will prolong for several days
the lasting time of cut roses. Tincture of nux vomica in the water answers
the same purpose. A little ammonium chloride or camphor in the water also
keeps the rose petals from losing their turgidity. All these chemicals act through
cell stimulation. The amount to be used depends upon the amount of water
and the number of roses, and is easily established by experiment. It is
worth while to use such means to prolong the enjoyment of fine flowers. — A. W.
Greeley.

158 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

An After-War English Rose-Garden.— On page 82 of the 1919 Annual
were printed two letters from a great English labor leader, Mr. W. A. Appleton,
Secretary of the Joint Federation of Trades Unions, which includes more than
a million British union workmen. A letter dated Jan. 15, 1920, from Mr. Apple-
ton, brings his rose-garden again before the eyes of American rose-lovers.
Mr. Appleton writes:

"My garden is in a little country town; a two-story building keeps off the
morning sun and some acacias interfere with the light from the south. It is not
easy, therefore, to command success, but by eliminating the varieties that ball
and those prone to mildew, I secure a succession of very beautiful flowers.

"Three visits to Holland and one to America limited my periods of associa-
tion with my own roses, and I saw little of the autumn blooms. A wet and cold
November and December prevented many buds from developing, but here and
there were plants making gallant attempts to defy the elements. Gruss an
Teplitz was the last to really open.

"For profusion of bloom. La Tosca comes first. She really bloomed three
times and had on these occasions 108 flowers. Had the autumn been favorable,
another 20 might have opened out, but we cut unopened ones on the 24th of
December.

"Of the others. General MacArthur, Mrs. Amy Hammond, Mrs. A. E. Cox-
head, and Gladys Harkness amongst the standards, and Maman Cochet,
Melody, Florence H. Veitch, Mrs. Joseph Welch, and Ophelia of the bush
variety, were most successful.

"Of those purchased in the autumn of 1918, Mrs. Mackeller, Mme. Leon
Pain, Mevrouw Dora Van Tets, and Mrs. Alfred Tate showed most promise.
Rayon d'Or was the greatest failure.

"This year, additions to my stock bring it to over a hundred different varie-
ties. Hoosier Beauty, Admiral Ward, Juliet, Mrs. G. Marriott, Mrs. Ambrose
Riccardo, Mrs. Bryce Allan, and others have been put in lately, and have yet
to reveal their perfections or imperfections to me."

Getting the Best of Mildew and Thrip in Texas. — Prof. N. M. McGinnis,
who was in charge of the test-garden of the University of Texas, at College
Station in that state until the last month in 1919, writes concerning his expe-
rience in successfully combating a very bad combination — trouble with mildew
and thrip. He says there was "a plat of Crimson Ramblers that were literally
covered with the mildew," and refers to the fact that thrip followed mildew, and
spread very fast all through the garden. "About the last of April I took off all
the flowers and buds in the garden, and sprayed thoroughly with a combination
of 'Sulfocide' and 'Nikoteen,' using the strengths recommended on the con-
tainers. The mildew completely disappeared, and I did not see any thrip in the
garden during the spring or summer. Weather conditions preceding the spray-
ing were very favorable for mildew development, and immediately afterward
we had about two weeks of bright sunny weather." Professor McGinnis believes
that the combination of these two commercial substances, one to deal with the
animal and the other with the fungus, "is worth giving thorough tests."

Rose-Culture in Oregon. — Bulletin No. 58, June, 1899, of the Oregon
Experiment Station, on the subject of "Rose Culture in Oregon" should prove
of value to rosarians of that state. — Chas. E. F. Gersdohff.

ROSE NOTES 159

Another Rose-bug Dope. — As most garden-makets know, arsenate of
lead alone has never proved an eflBcient remedy for the rose-bug. In fact, an
eflBcient remedy seems to have been an unknown quantity, at least up to the
present time. Now we are told that a way has been found to deal with this pest,
with at least a moderate degree of success. It is found in the simple plan of
adding a pint of molasses to every five gallons of arsenate solution. The mo-
lasses seems to prove a bait which the bugs cannot resist, and in eating it they
get enough of the poison to end their careers. It is at least a plan worth trying,
and if it works, will cause a sigh of relief to emanate from the hearts of garden-
makers the country over. — Horticulture, June 21, 1919.

Rose Thorns as Phonograph Needles. — Our active Executive Committee-
man, Mr. Jesse A. Currey, of Portland, Ore., writes thus: "Marshall N. Dana,
of this city, tells me that he uses the thorns of Mme. Caroline Testout rose by
inserting in them the usual phonograph needle so as to give him something he
can fasten in the needle-holder. When this mounted thorn is put on the disc
there results, he declares, soft, sweet tones." Who can now say that there is
not a use for rose thorns.'

What Roses Do You Give Away? — Mrs. Francis King, author of "The
Weil-Considered Garden," and doer of many good things in gardens and
outside of gardens, sends for the 1920 Annual this little note which she found
in the London Garden recently.

"When you cut roses to give away, you cannot go wrong if you select those
you would prefer to keep, though this is a counsel of perfection and too Christian
for general practice. — Somers."

The Hardiness of Paul's Carmine Pillar Rose. — In a letter saying she
"cannot get along without" the American Rose Annual because "there is nothing
else that contains the same up-to-date information," Miss Annie Lorenz, of
Hartford, Conn., adds several interesting items of rose information. She says:

"Somebody ought to put a note in the next Annual about Paul's Carmine
Pillar, which is not nearly as well known as it deserves to be. People think it
is tender, but my big one came through the awful winter of 1917-18, in a rather
exposed situation, without requiring more than its ordinary pruning, and that
was not of wood killed by the cold. During the same winter, Dorothy Perkins
was killed back entirely, the trouble probably being with the lady that she stood
in a too sheltered situation and had not stopped growing in the fall so that the
late wood was not properly hardened.

"Incidentally, what is there in the lineage of Dorothy Perkins that makes it
root so much more easily than anything else.' You have only to stick a piece
in the ground in a damp place any time in the season, and it will grow. It is
better to put it root-end up, but it doesn't matter much."

Both of these items are important. What Miss Lorenz writes about the easy-
rooting quality of Dorothy Perkins points to the desirability of experiment and
study as to the use of this and other climbing roses as stocks upon which to bud
Hybrid Tea roses. It may be that the same sort of treatment proposed on page 40
of the 1919 Annual for Rosa odorata. Form 22449, could be applied with equal
success to Dorothy Perkins.

160 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

The Rose-Zone Map. — The map on page 76 has been prepared in the
Bureau of Plant Industry of the Department of Agriculture, from the Atlas of
American Agriculture. Dr. W. M. Taylor, Chief of the Biu-eau, has been inter-
ested in this attempt to aid in determining safe areas for roses, and Prof. L. C.
Corbett, of the same Bureau, has given the map his best attention. Oiu*
rose friend. Dr. W. Van Fleet, Plant Physiologist of the Bureau, has worked in
locating the zones with F. L. Mulford, Horticulturist, who writes thus of the
basis of the work :

"The lines of this map have been based upon the Weather Bureau record
during the time that the various stations have been established. The area indi-
cated by horizontal lines covers the region where the average date of the last
frost is in March, and where tender roses would find no frost danger. The stippled
area is where the last frost comes in April, while the clear area has frosts in May.
The areas marked by the vertical lines have more or less frost during the
so-called summer months, or extreme winter temperatures, or both. The lines
between the different areas as a rule rather closely follow these frost lines,
although at some of the river valleys there have been rather decided prolonga-
tions of these later frost dates northward from the general area, and these have
been eliminated from the map because those regions are so narrow, and the
limitations of them were such that we felt it would be more misleading to
include them than to eliminate them. The same holds true with respect to some
of the variations in the Rocky Mountain region. We have tried in every case
to make the lines on the safe side. In other words, there are points beyond the
places indicated where the more tender varieties of roses may succeed. As an
example of what I mean : There is an area of earlier frost dates on the western
shore of Lake Michigan, extending to the Wisconsin line, or beyond, but it
seemed wise to us to make the limit of the Hybrid Teas about Chicago instead of
extending the area up along the Lake shore in that particular region."

This map is now published for the first time, and it is to be understood as
tentative only in its determinations. Criticisms are invited, for the piu*pose of
perfecting the work. Other factors of rose success in addition to frost will have
consideration as data are accumulated.

Specializing in Watering. — The Viscountess of Enfield, a rose of surpassing
beauty in bloom, requires a special bed* for best results. It must be watered with
discriminating frugality. A degree of watering under which most other roses
thrive is fatal to success with the Enfield. The buds ball and refuse to open;
the leaves yellow and fall rapidly. The amount of water needed must be a matter
of individual experiment. Excess so lowers the vitality of this rose that it is an
easy prey to black-spot and other fungous diseases. — A. W. Greeley.

A New European Red Rose. — Under date of Jan. 14, 1920, the head of
the great rose firm of Ketten Freres, in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, writes
that that concern has "succeeded in raising a fine red rose, a cross of Farben-
konigin and Ruhm der Gartenwelt, which has already won several prizes and
a gold medal, and which will be named after one of the founders of oiu* firm."
This rose is, presumably, to be distributed in the autumn of 1920.

*By a "special" bed Mr. Greeley means a rose-planting soil made up of various layers,
according to the method of the late F. W. Taylor. Such beds are about three feet in
depth . — Editor .

ROSE NOTES 161

How To Prepare a Rose- Jar. — Spread out rose petals — a lot of them — on
a piece of clean white paper and permit them to dry in the open air, but not in
the direct sun, which would melt the oil in the petals. When well dried, "salt
down" the petals, using the finest table salt which has been previously dried in
the oven and rolled out free from lumps. Put in a rose-jar a layer of rose petals,
and then a sprinkle of salt from a coarse shaker, adding layers of rose petals and
salt until the jar is full. The purpose of the salt is to absorb any moisture that
may not have dried out.

After a week or so, the petals may be taken out and the excess salt shaken off.
To six quarts of dried petals use one-fourth ounce each of coarsely ground mace,
cloves, cinnamon, and allspice; one ounce of gum benzoin, pounded to a coarse
powder; one ounce chipped orris root; one-half ounce ground sandalwood; a
teaspoon each of ground orange and lemon peel; and one-half ounce of powdered
gum myrrh. Mix all together thoroughly and you are ready to pack in the rose-
jar.

In the bottom of the jar put ten drops of oil of rose and a grain of musk;
then fill the jar with the prepared mixture. When the jar is closely packed, cover
tightly and leave unopened for three months, so that the perfumes may be well
blended. This is an excellent, lasting, and agreeable rose perfume when care-
fully prepared. — Mrs. Emma Lester, Ensenore, N. Y.

Another Northwestern Rose Society. — James A. Hays, the rose live wire
of the Tacoma Rose Society, in the "rosy" state of Washington, sends to
Secretary White on Feb. 5, 1920, "a list of seventy-six associate members from
the Tacoma Rose Society for membership in the American Rose Society."
Mr. Hays is scolding himself because he hadn't quite succeeded in sending a
hundred members. He promises us for next year an accoimt of the rose-garden
in Point Defiance Park, of Tacoma. Other states might well take notice of the
extraordinary situation in the Pacific Northwest, where roses really count.

Does the Leopard Change His Spots? — This zoological question may be
hard to answer, but it seems to be quite certain that roses change their color.
These words are written during the glorious bloom period of the climbing roses
in 1919, when Tausendschon is no longer "Thousand Beauties," but one vast
billowy mass of almost pure white flowers, with only an occasional hint of pink
in a shy cluster or a single bloom

Nearby are several plants of Mrs. F. W. Flight, a cluster climber of the same
type as Tausendschon, heretofore remarkable for the even, rich pink with which
it wholly covers itself in the bloom period, remaining in good order for several
weeks. Mrs. Flight has this year, however, changed her garb, and every cluster
has in it flowers from almost white to a deeper pink than usual, with variations
in between. The appearance is almost that of Tausendschon at its normal best.

Just what produces this change does not seem to be even hinted at by rose
experts. The early growing season of 1919 was cool and wet, but the conditions
at bloom-time have been practically normal.

A plant of Baroness von Ittersum, expected to be of the brightest red in
flower, showed this season only a rather pale pink. Similarly, Aimt Harriet, a
new climber of which flowers heretofore have been of unsm-passed brilliance,
was washed out in color until the very last flowers, which are all right.

What is it that changes the color in climbing roses.'' — J. H. McF.

162 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

The High Cost of Roses in England. — Elsewhere in this Annual will
be found discussion of the present rose prices which will be rather generally
blamed on the exclusion order of the Federal Horticultural Board under Quaran-
tine No. 37. A letter from Mr. W. A. Appleton, an English labor leader, who is
a rose-lover, seems to give a different angle to the situation. Under date of
Jan. 15, 1920, Mr. Appleton, in a letter of which a part is printed elsewhere,
writes as follows :

"The war interfered very badly with the English rose-growers. Their
laborers were taken for the army and their land for potatoes. Railway troubles
have added freightage charges and transport difficulties, and today bushes have
trebled in price while standards are unobtainable even at greatly enhanced
prices. 'Five shillings each, my selection,' is the notice in the few catalogues
that come to hand. What one wants appears not to exist; what one gets seldom
carries more than one bud and the lowest price is 5s. The old catalogues you
have will tell you that in pre-war days good standards of stock varieties could
be purchased at 25. each.

"Fortunately, there are signs of recovery, and though catalogues are as
difficult to obtain as earlier editions of Shakespeare, owing to very greatly
enhanced printing charges, nurserymen are advising their customers of possi-
bilities for the latter part of 1920."

It is obvious that American rose-growers are fortunate both in price and in
supply, for the most part.

Standard Roses in America. — A memorandum reaches the Editor to the
effect that Mrs. Harriet R. Foote, of Marblehead, Mass., who not only lays out
rose-gardens but carefully tests roses, is doing some special investigation in
respect to the best way to produce standard roses in America. In a letter to the
Editor she says, concerning both standard and bush roses, "I have grown them
on a different stock than the one used in this country, and until I have tried out
some of the American-grown roses I fear my advice would not be very valuable.
I am feeling around now in the dark, as it were, in a new field, and I must make
a number of experiments before I shall feel I am in a position to speak with
authority on American-grown roses, either bush or standard, which, so far as I
have tested them in my own work, have not been a success. I hope for better
results in the future, and am sending around to different parts of the country
in the endeavor to find some that can in any way compete with the English,
Irish, French, and German roses I have used in the last twenty years."

This is just another item in the American rose advance, for when an Ameri-
can rose-grower wants any particular thing hard enough he (or she!) usually
gets it. — The Editor.

Candied Rose Petals. — Detach petals from fresh, full-blown, fragrant roses
and lay on dishes for about an hour to dry, but not to wither. Make a syrup
of a half pound of sugar, and less than half a pint of water, boiled till it spins a
thread. Set on ice to cool, and when the syrup begins to crystallize, the petals,
a few at a time, are dipped in with a pair of wire tongs, then taken out and
spread on oiled paper. When they begin to dry or harden, they are to be dusted
heavily with powdered sugar on one side and then on the other.

Chas. E. F. Gersdorff.

ROSE NOTES 163

Pruning Conard F. Meyer, a Rugosa Hybrid. — I know of no rose which
ofiFers more difficulties in removing all dead wood than the Meyer, on account
of the large niunber of very strong, sharp thorns. Based on experience so far,
I believe the removal of the old canes is often not necessary, or even desirable,
until they are two years or more old. The new main canes are liable to bloom
more freely at the terminal, whereas in their second year they put out com-
paratively short bloom shoots, which is a good feature as it tends to insure a
more general distribution of the bloom.

Neither have I resorted to any extensive winter pruning of the laterals,
though the distribution of the bloom can be controlled in large measure in this
way. Dm-ing the summer, laterals measuring from 18 inches to 3 feet are put
out by some of the canes and I generally shorten or remove these where the
growth is too thick, and in other places simply tie them down along the arch
rods, or cross them at the top of the arch to distribute the bloom over the
horizontal or roof section of the arch structure.* — W. C. Spkuance, Wilming-
ton, Del.

Getting Definite Value from Rose-bloom Records. — The members of the
American Rose Society have made it plain that they want to know more and
more about the behavior in detail of the various roses they have invitation to
buy. It is in order to provide a plan for making records of such uniformity and
comprehensiveness that they will give definite information rather than irregular
inferences, that J. A. Currey, of Portland, Ore., has worked out a plan which is
earnestly commended to those observers who will do real work. Mr. Currey
writes :

"The value of rose-bloom records consists primarily in the establishment of
standards relating to rose-bloom. From these standards the rose-grower can
determine, by comparison, whether or not his roses are giving him the amount
and quality of bloom that reasonably may be expected under average cultm-al
conditions. Such standards, likewise, are of great value in the selection of new
plants for the old garden, or for the planning of a new garden.

"To be of value in establishing standards, the various bloom-counts made
by members of the American Rose Society should be themselves standardized
and so systematized as to include all data necessary to accurate analysis, deduc-
tion and generalization. Bloom-counts that leave cultural and other factors
unknown are virtually valueless for purposes of comparison.

"It is suggested that all bloom-records presented for publication in the
American Rose Annual should include the following data :

"Soil Relation: General character of garden soil — Standard rose-bed (as established in
Thomas' 'The Practical Book of Outdoor Rose-Growing') — Special rose-bed.

"Stock: Own roots — Budded (Indicate whether on Multiflora, Briar, Manetti, Canina,
Rugosa, etc.).

"Age of Rose Plants Reported Upon:

"Cultural Relation: Fertilization (Kind of fertilizer. Amount per plant. How often
applied) — Working rose-bed (how often) — Irrigation (how often)— Summer mulching —

Winter protection — Pruning (Indicate to how many eyes as a general rule) H.P. ;

H.T. ; Teas ; Per. . — Disbudding (indicate what general rule is followed,

variations from which may be indicated by asterisk or figures.) (To obtain quality bloom,
disbudding should be to one bloom to a stem, which for ordinary purposes should be at
least 12 inches long.)

"Bloom-Count. As a general rule, all counts should be made at time of cutting the
mature bud. Variations from this practice should be indicated. (In the case of Teplitz
and other strictly garden decorative roses, count of mature bloom is permitted.)"

*See "A Better Way to Use Hybrid Rugosas," on page 147. — Editor.

164 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

The Story of One Rose. — "There is an incident that occurred here that
you in particular might be interested in. In the rear of the hospital which before
the invasion was a Belgian convent, is a German graveyard containing some
thousand graves. On one of the graves was blooming almost the only flower I
have seen so far in Belgium — a large, perfect La France rose. I picked the rose
and brought it into our ward. Never in my life have I been so struck with the
symbolism of an act as I was with this. This convent is almost a wreck; the
town is a wreck; parts of it are in such condition that the written word will
never portray actual conditions; yet in the midst of universal wreck was intro-
duced one single, perfect rose — a most beautiful flower it was — which to me
stood for and symbolized all that we were over here fighting for; conditions of
life in this world that would allow civilization to come into perfect bloom and
for the elimination of the blight in civilization which was blasting the life and
hope of all human life on this world. And the symbolism was more finely and
deeply drawn, too, for the symbol itself was cut from over the grave of a German.
Likewise the perfect flower of Peace will and can only be picked from the grave
of the Prussian military system of government. The flower of Peace picked
from anywhere else will never be perfect, for future generations will find it
blighted and dwarfed, and withering in their hands." (Excerpt from a letter
written by Carl Grant Wilson, Co. D, 112th Eng., U. S. A., to his mother Mrs.
Ella Grant Wilson, Oct. 26, 1918.)— Florists' Exchange, Jan. 11, 1919.

Rose Beads. — Use petals from the most fragrant roses while still fresh.
Pass them through a meat chopper, using the finest cutter, every day for a
period of five days, letting them stand in a covered iron vessel after each grind-
ing. The iron of the vessel turns the ground petals black. When they have been
reduced to a dark paste, molding can be started. Take a small portion of the
paste and roll it into a bead in the palm of your hand; they can be made any
size and shape and can be ornamented in various ways, such as indenting the
sides, making impressions with the end of cloves, etc. Stick a pin through each
bead as it is finished and pin to a board to dry and harden. When hard, remove
the pins and beads are then ready for stringing into necklaces. When molding
the beads the paste will stain the hands. This can be removed by washing in
water without soap. — Chas. E. F. Gersdorff.

Long-stemmed Roses. — The secret of producing long-stemmed roses lies
partly in the variety planted, but mainly in the treatment accorded them after
planting.

A well prepared, deep, rich and porous soil is the first essential. When the
plants are growing freely, they should be severely pruned so as to produce
strong, vigorous new shoots, terminating in fine, perfect roses. As a fiu-ther en-
couragement to strong and quick growth after pruning, a weekly or semi- weekly
application of liquid manure is essential. When buds are formed on the new
branches, disbudding should be resorted to, if necessary, so that only one blossom
develops on that branch, into a handsome, perfect rose. If the bud or buds are
pinched out while still young, a new shoot will start growing from the end.
This will tend to increase the length of the stem. When cutting the rose, cut
back to main branch each time, giving thus a long stem, and making further
pruning unnecessary. — Chas. E. F. Gersdorff.

ROSE NOTES

165

Where Roses Produce Food. — One of the commodities aiding in the return
of at least one beUigerent nation to a peace-time basis is the rose. Bulgaria
is negotiating now for an exchange of rose-oil, or attar of roses, for wheat to
relieve the food situation in that country. The Bidgarian government controls
the export stocks and has fixed a price of $17.50 an oimce for this commodity.
It has also sent Zlatan Getchcoff, a member of its Food Administration, to work
out the details of the exchange on the above basis.

The whole proposition is highly interesting. The great bulk of the Bulgarian
rose-oil is distilled in small quantities by individual peasants. The crop season
is short, and a tremendous quantity of roses must be handled to produce even
a small amount of the oil. There are, of course, large companies doing this work
on a much larger scale, but even these are glad to purchase the product of the
peasants. The normal crop is from 35,000 to 40,000 kilos. The war has played
havoc with the industry, however, and the probabilities are that the oil now
available will be about one-half that amount. A still greater decrease may be
experienced, it is stated, if conditions during the distilling season last month
were the same in Bulgaria as in France, where the crop proved very poor.

The importance of this industry is further manifested by the organization
of the Bank of Roses in Sofia. This is to be a banking and trading institution
with a capital of 4,000,000 francs. One-fourth of this amount has been sub-
scribed by Bulgarian rose-growers, the balance coming from outside investors. —
Florists' Exchange, August 9, 1919.

The "Northern Cherokee Rose." — Referring to W. C. Egan's article in
the American Rose Annual of 1919, the rose he mentions may be obtained from
Bobbink & Atkins, Rutherford, N. J., under the name Rosa spinosissima altaica.

Chas. E. F. Gersdorff.

How To Make Rose-Water. — Fill an aluminum tea-kettle half full, or a
little more, of clear water; strew fresh rose petals from the most fragrant roses,
thickly over the surface. Close kettle tightly, and set on frame over a lighted
spirit lamp. The heat will extract the essence of the rose petals, which will
vaporize and be carried off with the steam generated by the water. This mix-
ture of steam and rose- vapor is to be carried off through a rubber hose attached
to the spout of the tea-kettle, the other end of which enters into a glass jar on
the floor. Part of the rubber hose is so arranged that it can be submerged in a
pan of cold water. The vapors, on passing through that part of the rubber
hose which is under water, are condensed and run into the glass jar in the form
of rose-water. It is then ready for use. — Chas. E. F. Gersdorff.

SEND IN ROSE NOTES

Members of the American Rose Society are asked
to send the Editor items of rose-lore or rose-gossip for
the ig2i Rose Notes. Help along the good work!

The Work of the American Rose Society

A CONDENSED SUMMARY

IN VIEW of the pressure of important rose-progress matter
needing to be published in the 1920 Annual, the officers of

the Society have agreed to omit from the Annual the usual
full reports, as well as the list of members, sending separately to
each member these items in a pamphlet uniform in size with
this book.

For rules, medal details, regulations, etc., and for the list
of members, reference may be made to the "1920 Annual
Report of the American Rose Society." There follows a brief
summary of activities, and the complete list of roses registered
since the publication of the 1919 Annual.

OFFICERS AND MEETINGS

The officers elected April 2, 1919, are listed on page 4 of this Annual. The
twentieth annual meeting occurred in New York, on April 2, 1919, and an informal
meeting was held in Washington on June 3, 1919, in connection with the annual
inspection of the Arlington (Washington) Rose Test-Garden.

The Treasurer's report for the year ended April 1, 1919, showed total
receipts of $5,257.90 and total disbursements of $3,120.32, with a cash balance
of current funds amounting to $2,137.58. The Treasurer also holds interest-
bearing certificates to the amount of $3,000, the Hubbard Medal Fund of $250,
and $500 of life-membership receipts awaiting investment. The Society had
thus, on April 1, 1919, total net cash resources of $5,887.58.

The Secretary reports 1,753 paid memberships to Dec. 31, 1919.

The Executive Committee has held six meetings since the publication of the
1919 Annual, with an average attendance of nine members. Much important
constructive work has been accomplished at these meetings, details of which are
available in the 1920 Annual Report above referred to.

New Roses Registered in 1919

From James H. Bowditch, Pomfret Center, Conn., April 20, 1919:

Rosa hybrida. Max Graf. Probably Rosa rugosa X R. setigera. Single, bright
pink flowers with golden centers, resembling R. rugosa in petalage. The plants
are free growers, profuse bloomers, exceptionally hardy, and of bushy climbing
habit. The rose differs from R. rugosa and R. setigera in that it rarely produces
seed, has superior glossy foliage resembling that of R. rugosa and seldom
attacked by insects, remaining attractive all season. Excellent for planting in
mass effects or as a pillar rose.

From John H. Dunlop, Richmond Hill, Ontario, Canada, March 11, 1919:

Frank W. Dunlop. H.T. Seedling of Mrs. George Shawyer X Mrs. Charles
Russell. The solid, high-built buds open into large, lasting, rose-pink flowers

(166)

WORK OF THE AMERICAN ROSE SOCIETY 167

having 45 well-reflexed petals and a strong fragrance. It is a strong, vigorous,
grower and free bloomer, with glossy dark green foliage that is free from black-
spot.

From John Cook, Baltimore, Md., June 30, 1919.

Mrs. Sterling. H.T. Antoine Rivoire X unnamed pink seedling. A strong,
vigorous, hardy plant, producing a profusion of large, full, clear rose-pink,
fragrant flowers of good substance and very lasting.

Glorified La France. H.T. Frau Karl Druschki X Mrs, Charles Russell.
An extra-strong grower but not very hardy, and just about medium in freedom
of blooming qualities. The flowers resemble those of La France but are much
larger, deeper pink, and have very long stems. The blooms are fragrant, very
lasting, and are unusually full and heavy as to petalage.

Pink Beauty. H.T. Ophelia X My Maryland. The long-pointed flowers
are of medium size, clear pink, fragrant, and very lasting. A strong, vigorous-
growing, hardy plant with thick foliage; very free-blooming.

Mrs. John Cook. H.T. Ophelia X three unnamed seedlings. Large, deep
cup-shaped, but long-pointed flowers of white suffused with delicate pink;
fragrant; petals large and waxy; very lasting. An unusually strong grower and
free bloomer, with large, leathery foliage.

Panama. H.T. Frau Karl Druschki X unnamed pink seedling. Bud
long, pointed; flower medium double, large, silvery pink, cup-shaped, fragrant,
and lasting. A free bloomer of vigorous growth, with heavy foliage; very hardy.

From Robert Scott & Sons, Inc., Sharon Hill, Pa., July 10, 1919:

Cornelia. H.T. Ophelia X Mrs. Aaron Ward. This rose is similar to both
parents but superior in color, being light flesh on the outer petals, deepening to
Malmaison-pink at the center, with base bright orange — the best of its color
to date. The buds are like those of Mrs. Aaron Ward, and the very double,
medium to large flowers are well-formed, fragrant, and very lasting. It is a
strong, vigorous grower with foliage like Mrs. Aaron Ward, and produces a
profusion of blooms. Its hardiness has not been tested. Will be commercially
valuable as a bud, half-expanded flower, and when full blown.

From the Montgomery Co., Inc., Hadley, Mass., September 19, 1919:

Crusader. H.T. Montgomery seedling. A vigorous grower, bearing an
abundance of ovoid buds which open into large, full (65 petals), globular, crim-
son-red flowers having high centers and moderate fragrance; a good keeper.
Large, dark green foliage. A distinct rose.

Pilgrim. H.T. Montgomery seedling. A distinct, two- toned pink rose
having long-pointed buds and large, full, fragrant flowers that are splendid
keepers. The perfectly imbricated petals are silvery pink, with deep rose-pink
reverse, and number about 40. It is a vigorous grower and a free bloomer with
large, normal green foliage.

From Clarke Bros., Portland, Ore., September 22, 1919:

Felicity. H.T. Ophelia X Hoosier Beauty. A very free-flowering variety
which produced 155 blooms outdoors and varied in petalage from 52 early in the
season to 61 in September. The buds are long-pointed and the flowers large,
very fragrant, rose-pink, with a silvery sufiFusion. It is of upright strong-
branching habit with dark green foliage.

Mrs. Walter T. Sumner. H.T. Ophelia X Hadley. The large, semi-single
flowers, sometimes measuring 5 inches in diameter and varying from 12 to 18
petals, are produced in clusters of 5 to 10, and are very fragrant. The long-

168 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

pointed buds open quickly, but the petals hold well on the fully opened flowers
and are a lovely carmine, shading to deep rose-pink. The upright bushes are
clothed with dark green foliage and produce 115 blooms outdoors.

From Capt. George C. Thomas, Jr., Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa.,
January 20, 1920:

Doctor Huey. H.W. Ethel X Gruss an Teplitz. A free-flowering climber
having large, lasting, semi-double, dark carmine flowers and good foliage. A
free-growing, hardy variety.

Bloomfield Progress. H.T. Mary, Countess of Ilchester X General Mac-
Arthur. A strong-growing, bushy plant with very lasting, double (over 50 petals),
red flowers having strong fragrance. This rose is similar to General MacArthur,
but differs in habit, size, and form of flower, being superior in that it holds
the center better and is larger in hot weather.

Bloomfield Abundance. H.T. Sylvia X Dorothy Page-Roberts. A bushy
plant 3 to 6 feet high, with glossy, dark green foliage that is not susceptible to
mildew. The double flowers are salmon-pink and are produced singly and in
sprays. This rose is similar to Cecile Brunner, but is hardier and the blooms are
larger.

Bloomfield Perpetual. H.P. Iceberg X Frau Karl Druschki. A very free-
flowering variety with good keeping qualities. It grows 3 to 5 feet high and has
good green foliage. The single white flowers resemble those of the Cherokee,
but it differs in habit, being bushy. It is hardy in Philadelphia and blooms until
November.

From Frederick R. M. Undritz, West New Brighton, Staten Island, N. Y.,
February 23, 1920:
Silver Star, H.W. Silver Moon X Marie Van Houtte. The pointed yellow
buds open into large (22 petals), semi-double, cream- white flowers having a
mass of golden yellow stamens; quite fragrant. It is bushy in habit, with a
climbing tendency and the foliage resembles that of Silver Moon. An ever-
blooming rose with excellent lasting qualities and bearing its flowers until
October. It is very vigorous, hardy, and disease resistant.

From Frederick R. M. Undritz, West New Brighton, Staten Island, N. Y., Jan.
12, 1920:
Gen. John Pershing, H.W. This climbing rose was registered August 23, 1917,
as Frederick R. M. Undritz. By consent of the Executive Committee, upon due
publication, and after inquiry of the English and French National Societies
as to a prior use of the name, the name is now changed as noted. The rose
was not formally in commerce.

Medals Awarded in 1919

Gold Medal —

The Mrs. Gertrude M. Hubbard Gold Medal was awarded to E. G. Hill
Co., Richmond, Ind., for Columbia.
Silver Medal —

E. B. Van Wagenen, Syracuse Rose Society, for best collection of garden
roses.
Bronze Medals —

Mrs. L. M. Gallivin, Syracuse Rose Society, collection of garden roses.
Edith Eggleston, Syracuse Rose Society, collection of garden roses.

A List of Roses Introduced in America

Compiled by CHARLES E. F. GERSDORFF

{Corrected in this Fifth Edition to March 17, 1920)

Editor's Note. — No feature of the successive issues of the American Rose
Annual has been of more substantial importance or benefit than the list which
follows, no longer called "A Partial List." When first put together in 1916
it was more nearly a bare hint of the roses introduced in America. The unremit-
ted and continuous efiForts of Mr. Gersdorff have resulted in giving it a complete-
ness and an authority of accuracy quite unusual.

The publication of this list serves as notice in respect of names attached to
roses of American origin. Duplications in later introduced varieties are in-
admissible, and the American Rose Society will not register any such duplica-
tions.

The Editor will be glad to transmit to Mr. Gersdorff any corrections or
additions which will tend to make this list more complete. The makers of
catalogues are urged to accept the nomenclature here presented as authorita-
tive and accurate.

ABBREVIATIONS

The abbreviations used are: B. (Bourbon), B.-C. (Bourbon-China), Ben. (Bengal),
Ben.-C. (Bengal-China), C. (China), Cl.B. (Climbing Bourbon), CI. H.T. (Climbing
Hybrid Tea), CI. T. (Climbing Tea), D. (Damask), H. Ben.-T. (Hybrid Bengal-Tea),
H.Cl. (Hardy Climber), H.D. (Hybrid Damask), H.Mult. (Hybrid Multiflora), H.N.
(Hybrid Noisette), H.P. (Hybrid Perpetual), H. Ramb. (Hybrid Rambler), H. Ru. (Hybrid
Rugosa), H.T. (Hybrid Tea), H. T.-Poly. (Hybrid Tea-Polyantha), H.W. (Hybrid
Wichuraiana), H.W.-Ru. (Hybrid Wichuraiana-Rugosa), Lsev. (Laevigata), Mult. (Multi-
flora), N. (Noisette), Per (Pernetiana), Poly. (Polyantha), H. Poly. -Ayr. (Hybrid Polyan-
tha-Ayrshire), Ramb. (Rambler), Semp. (Semperflorens), Set. (Setigera), T. (Tea), W.
(Wichuraiana), A. R. S. (American Rose Society).

LIST OF WORKS CONSULTED

A B C of Rose Culture, The, by EJdward La rose, etc., by J. L. A. Loiseleur-Deslong-

Mawley. 1897. champs, 1844.

Amateur's Rose Book, The, by Shirley La rose, etc., by Jules Bel. 1892.

Hibberd. La rose, etc., by L. P. F. A. Chesnel de la
American Rose Culturiat, The, by C. M. Charbouclais. 2d ed. 1838.

Saxton. Le livre d'or des roses, by Paul Herriot.
Beauties of the Rose, etc., by H.Curtis. 1853. 1903.

Beautiful Roses, etc., by John Weathers. Les roses, by H. Jamain. 2d ed. 1873.

Book about Roses, A, by S. R. Hole. Les roses de I'imperatrice, etc., by Jules
Book of Roses, The, by Francis Parkman. Gravereaux.

1866. Les roses, etc., by Shirley Hibberd. 1882.

Book of Roses, The, by Louis Durand. Les Rosiers, etc., by P. C. M. Cochet. 3d
Book of the Rose, The, by Foster-Melliar; ed. 1909.

edited by Page-Roberts & Molyneux. List of Roses, etc., by Brougham & Vaux.
Catalogue de la roseraie de Bagatelle pour 1898.

I'ann6e 1913. New Roses (supplement), by Rose G.
Commercial Rose Culture, by Eber Holmes. Kingsley. 1913.

Concours international de roses, etc. 1908. Nomenclature of the Rose, etc., by Leon
Cultivated Roses, etc., by T. W. Sanders. Simon. 1st ed., 1899; 2d ed., 1906.

r> il 1 T-i- t- f 4.1, T> -* u Observations sur la nomenclature . .

Cultural Directions for the Rose etc.. by ^ j ^-^^^^^ 1524.

John Cranston. 6th ed.; rev. 1877. „ ^1. n u o r. tj

Cultur, etc.. derrosen, by C. Nickels. 1845. P^i'lSR^ °° the Rose, by S. B. Parsons.

Die rose, etc.. by T. Nietner. 1880. 1869. New and rev. ed. 1910.

England's National Flower, by George Podrome de la monographie .... roses.

Bunyard. etc., by C. A. Thory.

Histoire naturelle de la rose, etc., by J. L. Rosarum monographia, by John Lindley.

M. Guillemeau. 1800. Rev. ed. 1830.

(169)

170 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

Rose Amateurs' Guide, The, by Thomas Roses and Rose Gardens, by W. P. Wright.

Rivers. Uth ed. 1877. 1912.

Rose Book (translation into English), by Roses and Rose-Growing, by Rose G.

Julius Hoffman. 1905. Kingsley. 1908.

Rose Book, The, by H. H. Thomas. Roses and Their Culture, by W. D. Prior.

Reprint of 1st ed., 1914. 3d ed. 1892.

Rose Garden, The, by William Paul. 10th Roses, by H. C. Andrews.

ed. 1903. Roses, by H. Darlington. 1911.

Rose Growing, etc., by J. G. Lockley. 2d Roses, by Gemen and Bourg of Grand

ed. Duchy of Luxemburg.

Rose Growing Made Easy, by E. T. Cook. Roses, by J. H. Pemberton.

Rose Manual, The, by Robert Buist. 4th Roses, by Rafinesque-Schmaltz.

ed. 1854. Rose, The, by H. B. Ellwanger.

Roseraie de I'Hay, Guide, etc. 1910; Rose, The, by Henry Shaw.

Nomenclature, etc. 1902. Soci6t6 Nationale d'Horticulture de France,
Roses and How to Grow Them, by Leonard Section des Roses, etc. 1912.

Roses'and Rose Culture, by T. B. Jenkins. Tea Roses, etc., by F. R. Burnside. 1893.

REFERENCES

The number at the end of each description on the following pages refers to
the sources considered in the list below. When two numbers follow, the rose
has been described in each of the sources cited.

1. Nomenclature de tous les noms de roses, by Leon Simon and P. Cochet. 1899.

2. Beautiful Roses, by John Weathers. 1903.

3. Roses and Rose-Growing, by Rose G. Eangsley. 1908.

4. New Roses, by Rose G. Kingsley. 1913.

5. Soci6t6 Nationale d'Horticulture de France, Section des Roses, Les plus belles roses au

debut du XX siecle. 1912.

6. Les roses, etc., by Shirley Hibberd. 1882.

7. Parsons on the Rose, by S. B. Parsons. 1869 and 1910.

8. The Book of Roses, by Francis Parkman. 1866.

9. The Amateur Gardeners' Rose Book, by Dr. Julius Hofifman; translation by John

Weathers. 1905.

10. The Rose Manual, by Robert Buist. 1854.

11. List of Roses, by Brougham and Vaux. 1898.

12. Concours international de roses nouvelles a Bagatelle. 25 juin, 1908.

13. Catalogue de la roseraie de Bagatelle. 1913.

14. Roses and Their Culture, by W. D. Pryor. 1892.

15. Information obtained from various sources, such as American and foreign catalogues,

from American growers by correspondence. From catalogues of California Rose
Company, Hugh Dickson, Walsh, Alex. Dickson & Sons, Conard & Jones, Good &
Reese, Dreer, Fancher Creek Nurseries, Glen Saint Mary Nurseries, J. T. Lovett,
Vaughan's Seed Store, Jackson & Perkins Co., Elliott Nursery, Leedle Floral Co.,
Howard Rose Co., E. G. Hill Co., The Luther Burbank Co., Hoopes, Bro. and
Thomas Co., Joseph W. Vestal & Son, Howard & Smith, Clarke Bros. By corres-
pondence from Walsh, Dingee & Conard, Conard & Jones, Farr, Totty, Biltmore
Nurseries, Heller Brothers, A. N. Pierson, Inc., McGregor Brothers Co., Hugh
Dickson, the Editor of The Garden, London, England, John Lewis Childs, Inc.,
Gude Bros., R. Witterstaetter, J. Cook, F. Dorner & Sons, Montgomery Co., Inc.,
Frank W. Dunlop, Capt. George C. Thomas, Jos. G. Hill Co., and others.

16. Roses and How to Grow Them, by Leonard Barron. 1905.

17. The Rose, by H. B. Ellwanger. Ed. 1892.

18. Catalogue of W. R. Gray, Oakton, Fairfax Co., Va. 1916.

19. Pract. Beschr. Rozennaamlijst . . . Boom-en Plantenbeurs te Boskoop. 1909

20. The Amateur's Rose Book, by Shirley Hibberd. 1894.

21. On the Culture of the Rose, by Robert Buist. 1844.

22. On the Rose, by Robert Buist. 1851.

23. National Rose Society Official Catalogue of Roses. 1914.

24. The American Florist, Sept. 22, 1917.

25. Catalogue of Roses, Peter Lambert, Trier, Germany. 1911-12.

26. Catalogue of Roses, Hobbies, Ltd., England. 1917.

27. Bulletin of American Rose Society, 1910.

28. Bulletin of American Rose Society, 1914.

29. American Rose Society Annual for 1916.

30. Mr. C. S. Pomeroy, Box 586, Riverside, Calif.

31. Eastern Nurseries, Inc., Holliston, Mass., 1918,

32. The Garden Magazine, October, 1918.

LIST OF AMERICAN ROSES 171

33. R. & J. Farquhar & Co., Boston, Mass.

34. Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture, L. H. Bailey, Vol. 5, 1916.

35. The Genus Rosa, by Ellen Willmott, 1910-11.

36. Plantae Wilsonianae, Arnold Arboretum, Vol. II, Part II, 1915.

37. The Rose Journal of American Rose Society, Vol. 1.

38. Bulletin American Rose Society, 1907.

39. Bulletin American Rose Society, 1908.

40. Bulletin American Rose Society, 1911.

41. Bulletin American Rose Society, 1912.

42. Bulletin American Rose Society, 1913.

43. Horticulture, June 28, 1919.

44. Horticulture, July 12, 1919.

Abundance, Poly. (Henderson, 1910.) Clotilde Soupert X Souv. du President

Camot. 25.
Admiral Dewey, H.T. (Taylor, 1899.) Sport from Mme. Caroline Testout.

15, 19.
Admiral Evans, H.T. (E. G. Hill Co., 1907; not formally introduced.) 5, 13.

Liberty X unnamed seedling. 12.
Admiral Schlet, H.T. (J. Cook, 1901.) Colonel Joffe X General Jacqueminot.

Received Bronze Medal at Pan-American Exposition. 19.
Agnes Emily Carman, H. Ru. (Carman, 189-.) R. rugosa X Harison's Yellow. 29.
Alba rubrifolla, H.W. (Van Fleet, 1898; intro. by Conard & Jones Co.)

Wichuraiana hybrid.
Alice Aldrich, H.Ru. (J. T. Lovett, 1899.) 15. R. rugosa X unknown Tea or

Hybrid Tea.
Alice Lemon, H.T. (E. G. Hill Co., 1911.) Mme. Philippe Rivoire X Paul

Neyron. 25.
Alida Lovett, H.W. (Van Fleet, 1905; intro. by J. T. Lovett, 1917.) H.

Wichuraiana X Souv. du President Carnot. 15.
Alice of Ingleside, H.T. (Briggs, 1910.) 42.
America, H.Cl. (Walsh, 1915.) 29.

America, N. (Page, 1859.) Large, fine flower of creamy white. 8, 16.
America, H.Ru. (Garden, Harvard University, 1894.) 5.
American Banner, T. (Cartwright, 1879.) 1, 17. Sport of Bon Silene. 16.
American Beauty, H.P. (Bancroft, 1886.) Syn., Mme. Ferd. Jamain, as

which it seems to have been introduced in France by Led6chaux, 1873.

3, 17, 19. (Field Brothers.) 16.
American Belle, H.P. (J. Burton, 1893.) Sport from American Beauty. 19.
American Pillar, H.W. (Van Fleet, 1902; intro. by Conard & Jones Co.) R.

Wichuraiana X jR. setigera. 19.
Amcena, Laev. (Hockbridge, 1909.) 15.

Anna Maria, Set. (Feast, 1843.) 1, 13, 19. Syn., Anna Marie. 15.
Annie Cook, T. (J. Cook, 1888.) 1. Seedling from Bon Silene. 17.
Apple Blossom, H.Cl. (Dawson 189-; not formally introduced.) 29. Dawson

X.B. Multiflora, 31.
Apple Blossom, Poly. (Schultheis, 1908.) 26.
ARCADLi., H.W. (Walsh, 1913.) 15.
Arnoldiana, H.Ru. (Dawson, 1914.) R. rugosa X General Jacqueminot. Syns.,

Arnold; Dawson's Hybrid Rugosa.
Atlas, H.T. (E. G. Hill Co., 1903.) 19.
Augusta, N. (1853.) Sulphur. 1. Seedling from Solfatare. 8.
Augustine Guinoisseau, Jr., H.T. (California Rose Co., 1911.) Sport of

Augustine Guinoisseau. 15, 30.
Aunt Harriet, H. W. (Van Fleet, ; intro. by Farm Journal of Philadelphia,

1918.) Appoline X R. Wichuraiana. 15.

172 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

Babette, H.Cl. (Walsh, 1908.) 15, 19.

Baltimore, H.T. (John Cook, 1898.) Mme. Antoine Rivoire X Mary Fitz-

william. 42.
Baltimore Belle, Set. (Feast, 1843.) 10, 19.
Beacon Belle, H.Poly.-Ayr. (R. & J. Farquhar & Co., 1919.) Orleans X

Katharina Zeimet X an old Ayrshire rose). 33.
Beauty of Greenmont, H. Set. (Pentland of Baltimore, 1854.) 16.
Beatjtt of Greenwood. N. 17.

Beauty op Rosemawr, B. (Conard & Jones Co., 1903.) 15, 19.
Beauty of the Prairies, Set. (Feast, 1843.) 13, 19. Syns., Queen of the

Prairies, Prairie Queen, 10; Feast's No. 1, Mme. Caradori Allan, 22.
Bedford Belle, H.T. (Bedford Flower Co., reg. 1916.) 15. Sport from

Double White Killarney.
Belle Americainb, H.P. (D. Boll, 1837.) 1, 16, 17.
Belle Portugaise, Hybrid (.'*). (Franceschi, .) R. moschata X R.

odorata gigantea. 34.
Bess Lovett, H. W. (Van Fleet, 1905; intro. by J. T. Lovett, 1917.) 15.
Betty Alden, H. Poly.-Ayr. (R. & J. Farquhar & Co., 1919.) Orleans X

Katharina Zeimet X an old Ayrshire rose.) 33.
Birdie Blye, H.Cl. (Van Fleet, 1904; intro. by Conard & Jones Co.) Helene

X Bon Silene. 19.
Bloomfield Abundance, H.T. (Capt. George C. Thomas, Jr., reg. A. R. S.,

1920; intro. by Bobbink & Atkins and A. N. Pierson, Inc., 1920.) Sylvia X

Dorothy Page-Roberts. 15.
Bloomfield Perpetual, H.P. (Capt. George C. Thomas, Jr., reg. A. R. S.,

1920; intro by Bobbink & Atkins, 1920.) Iceberg X Frau Karl Druschki. 15.
Bloomfield Progress, H.T. (Capt. George C. Thomas, Jr., reg. A. R. S.,

1920; intro. by Bobbink & Atkins, 1920.) Mary, Countess of Ilchester X

General MacArthur.
Blush Maryland, H.T. (Totty, 1912.) Sport. 15.
Bonnib Belle, H.Cl. (Walsh.)
Bonnie Prince, H. W. (Thomas N. Cook, reg. A. R. S., 1918.) Tausend-

schon X imnamed seedling.
Boston, H.T. (Montgomery Co., reg. A. R. S., 1917.) Mrs. Geo. Shawyer X

Montgomery seedling. 15.
Boston Beauty, H. Poly.-Ayr. (R. & J. Farquhar & Co., 1919.) Orleans X

(Katharina Zeimet X an old Ayrshire rose.) 33.
Bridal Wreath, H.W. (Manda, 1909.) 37.
Bride, T. (May, 1885.) 15, 19. Sport from Catherine Mermet. 16. Syn., The

Bride. 15.
Bridesmaid, T. (Moore, 1892.) 15, 19. Sport from Catherine Mermet.

Probably identical with The Hughes. 16.
Brighton Beauty, T. (Originated by Bragg; intro. by May, 1891.) 16, 17.
BuRBANK, Ben. (Burbank; intro. by Burpee, 1898.) 5, 42. Armosa (Hermosa)

X seedling of Bon Silene. 15, 19.
Buttercup, CI.T. (California Rose Co., 1908.) 15. Seedling of unknown

parentage. 30.
Califgrnli, H.T. (Howard & &nith, reg. A. R. S., 1916)
Canadian Queen, H.T. (Reg. by H. Dale Estate, 1902; intro. by Breitmeyer

Floral Co., 1911.) 41, 42.
Captain Hudbon, Per. (Kersbargen Brothers, 1911.) 16.
Cardinal, H.T. (J. Cook, 1904.) Liberty X unnamed red seedling. 19.

LIST OF AMERICAN ROSES 173

Carissima, H.W. (Walsh, 1905.) 15. Seedling of Wichuraiana. 19.

Caroline Cook, T. (Anthony Cook, 1871.) Seedling of Safrano. 17.

Catherine Bell, H.P. 20. (Bell & Son, 1877.) 17.

Celeste, H.W. (Walsh, 1911.) 40.

Champion of the World, Ben. (Woodhoiise, 1894.) 1.

Champney's Pink Cluster, N. Supposed hybrid of R. chinensis X R.

moschata raised about 1816 by John Champney, of Charleston, S. C.

About 1817 Philip Noisette, of the same city, grew from it a rose which his

brother, Louis Noisette, of Paris, distributed as Blush Noisette. 2, 16.
Champ Weiland, H.T. (Weilandand Risch, reg. A. R. S., 1915.) Sport from

Killamey. 15.
Charles Getz, B. (Anthony Cook, 1871.) 17.
Charles Wagner, H.P. (Van Fleet, 1904; intro. by Conard & Jones Co.)

Jean Liabaud X Victor Hugo.
Childs' Jewel, H.T. (Childs, 1902.) Sport from Killarney. 15.
Christine Wright, H.W. (Hoopes, Bro. & Thomas Co., 1909.) Unnamed

seedling X Mme. Caroline Teatout.
Cinderella, H.W. (Walsh, 1909.) 15, 19.
Clara Barton, H.T.-Poly. (Van Fleet; intro. by Conard & Jones Co., 1898.)

Clotilde Soupert X American Beauty. 16, 32.
Climbing American Beauty, H.W. (Hoopes, Bro. & Thomas Co., 1909.) Ameri-
can Beauty X Marion Dingee X Wichuraiana. 15. Silver Medal,A.R.S., 1915.
Climbing Bridesm.\id, T. (Dingee & Conard, 1897.) Sport. 15, 42.
Climbing Cecile Brunner, Poly. (Sport at Riverside, Calif., 1901.) 15.
Climbing Clotilde Soupert, Poly. (Dingee & Conard, 1902.) Sport. 19.

Climbing Col. R. S. Williamson, H.T. (Dingee & Conard, .) Sport. 15.

Climbing Comtesse Eva Starhbmberg, T. (Glen Saint Mary Nurseries, 1917.)

Sport. 15.
Climbing Etoile de France, H.T. (Howard Rose Co., 1915.) Sport. 15.
Climbing Frau Karl Druschki, H.P. (Lawrenson, 1906.) Sport. 15, 19.
Climbing Gruss AN Teplitz. H.T. (Storrs & Harrison, 1911.) Sport. 15.
Climbing Helene Cambier, H.T. (California Rose Co., 1911.) Sport. Syn.,

Climbing Helene Gambier. 15.
Climbing Helen Gould, H.T. (Good & Reese, 1912.) Sport from Balduin

(Helen Gould). 15.
Climbing Hugh Dickson, H.P. (California Rose Co., 1914.) Sport. 15.
Climbing Killarney, H.T. (Reinberg, 1908.) Sport. 15.
Climbing La France, H.T. (Henderson, 1893.) Sport. 1, 3, 19.
Climbing Liberty, H.T. (May, 1908.) Sport. 23, 26.
Climbing Marie Guillot, T. (Dingee & Conard, 1898.) Sport. 42.
Climbing Meteor, H.T. Sport. 3.

Climbing Mme. Jules Grolez, H.T. (Dingee & Conard, .) Sport. 15.

Climbing Mme. Welche, T. (Mellen, 1911.) Sport. 15.

Climbing Mosella, Poly. (Conard & Jones Co., 1909.) Sport. 15, 19, 25.

Climbing Mrs. W. J. Grant. H.T. (E. G. Hill Co., 1899.) Sport from Mrs.

W. J. Grant (Belle Siebrecht). Syn., Climbing Belle Siebrecht (W. Paul &

Son, 1899). 15, 23.
Climbing My Maryland, H.T. (Dingee & Conard, 1915.) Sport. 15.
Climbing Oriental, C. (U. S. Department of Agriculture, 1914.) Seedling. 15.
Climbing Papa Gontier, Cl.T. (Chase & Co., 1905). Sport. 15, 30.
Climbing Perle DEs Jardins, T. (J. Henderson, 1891.) Sport, 2, 3, 13, 17, 19.
Climbing Pink American Beauty, H.T. (U. S. Nurs. Co., reg. 1914.) 15.

174 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

Climbing Pink; Majlan Cochet, T. (Conard & Jones Co., 1915.) Sport. Syns.,

Climbing Maman Cochet; Climbing Pink Cochet. 15.
Climbing Rainbow, T. (California Rose Co., 1914.) Sport. 15.
Climbing Rhea Reid, H.T. (California Rose Co., 1914.) Sport. 15.

CoMBmG RoBEMAEY, H.T. (Dingcc & Conard, .) Sport. 15.

Climbing Sunburst, H.T. (Howard Rose Co.. 1915.) Sport. 15.

Climbing White Killakney, H.T. (Conard & Jones Co., .) Sport. 15.

Climbing Winnie Davis, T. (California Rose Co., 1913.) Sport. 15.
Climbinq Wootton, H.T. (Thos. Butler, 1899.) Sport of Souv. of Wootton. 15.
Columbia, H.W. (Hoopes, Bro. & Thomas Co., 1903.) Unnamed seedling X

Mme. Caroline Testout.
CoLUMBLV, H.T. (E. G. Hill Co., reg. A. R. S., 1917.) Ophelia X Mrs. George

Shawyer.
Coquina, H.W. (Walsh, 1911.) 40.

Cora L. Barton, N. (Buist, 1850.) Seedling from Lamarque. 21.
Cornelia, H.T. (Robert Scott & Son, Inc., reg. A. R. S., 1919.) Ophelia X

Mrs. Aaron Ward. 15.
Cornelia Cook, T. (Cook, 1855.) 15, 19. Sometimes given as Cornelie Koch.

(A. Koch, 1855.) Seedling from Devoniensis. 17.
Corona, H.Ramb. (Burbank, 1913.) 15.

Coronet, H.T. (Dingee & Conard, 1897.) Carmine, 1 ; white, yellow, 13.
Crimson Champion, H.T. (Cook, 1916.) 15.
Crimson Queen, H.T. (Montgomery, 1912.) Liberty X Richmond X General

MacArthur.
Crimson Roamer, H.W. (Manda, 1901.) Bardou Job X Jersey Beauty.
Crusader, H.T. (Montgomery & Co., Inc., reg. A. R. S., 1919; intro. by A. N.

Pierson, Inc., 1920.) Seedling. 15.
Cumberland Belle, Moss. (Dreer, 1900.) Sport from Princess Adelaide. 19.

Dark Pink Killarnet, H.T. (A. N. Pierson, Inc., 1910.) Sport. 27.

Dark Pink Russell, H.T. (Montgomery, 1916.) Sport. 15.

David Harum, H.T. (E. G. Hill Co., 1904.) 3, 19.

Dawson, H.Mult. (Dawson, 1888; intro. by Wm. C. Strong, 1890.) R. multiflora

X General Jacqueminot twice. 19.
Dawsonlajja, Mult. (Ellwanger, 1901.) 13.

Daybreak, H.W. (Dawson, 1909.) R. Wichuraiana X R. indica carnea.
Daydawn, H.T. (Heller Brothers, 1909.) 15.
Debutante, W. (Walsh, 1902.) R. Wichuraiana X Baroness Rothschild. 15,

16, 19.
Defl^ce, H.T. (E. G. Hill Co., 1907.) Lady Battersea X Gruss an Teplitz.

19.
Defiance, H.T. (Kress, registered 1914.) Gruss an Teplitz X Etoile de France.
Delight, H.Cl. (Walsh, 1904.) A. R. S. Cert, of Merit. 15, 19.
DmsMORE, H.P. (Henderson, 1888.) 1.
Dorothy Perkins, H.W. (Jackson & Perkins, 1902.) R. Wichuraiana X Mme.

Gabriel Luizet. 9. (1901.) 15.
Double Improved White Killarney, H.T. (S. J. Renter & Sons, 1911.)

Sport. 42.
Double L^asviGATA, Lsev. (California, 1900.) Syns., Double Cherokee; R.

IcBvigata flore-pleno. 15.
Double Ophelia, H.T. (E. G. Hill Co., reg. A. R. S., 1917.) Ophelia X unnamed

seedling.
Double Pink Killarney, H.T. (Robert Scott & Son., 1910 and F. R. Pierson,

1911.) Sport. 15,40.

LIST OF AMERICAN ROSES 175

Double White Killarnet, H.T. (Budlong, 1913.) Sport. 15.
Double White Killarnet, H.T. (Totty, 1914.) Sport. 15.
Dr. Huet, H.W. (Capt. George C. Thomas, Jr., 1914; reg., A. R. S., 1920;
intro. by Bobbink & Atkins and A. N. Pierson, Inc., 1920.) Ethel X Gruss
anTeplitz. 43.
Dr. Kane. N. (Pentland, 1856.) 16, 17.

Dr. W. Van Fleet, H.W. (Van Fleet; intro. by P. Henderson & Co., 1910.)
R. Wichuraiana X Souv. du President Carnot. Syns., Dr. Van Fleet;
Van Fleet Rose. 15, 32.

Eastern Gem, T. (Conard & Jones Co., 1905 ) 19.

Edward VII, Poly. (Schultheis, 1910.) 26.

Eda^tn Lonsdale, H.W. (Hoopes, Bro. & Thomas Co., 1903.) R. Wichuraiana

X Safrano. 19.
Elegans. Set. (Feast, about 1843.) Syn., Chillicothe Multiflora. 10.
Elizabeth Zeiqler, H.W. (A. N. Pierson, reg. 1917.) Sportof Dorothy Perkins,
Ella Chatin, H.T. (E. G. Hill Co., 1909.) 13.
Ella Mat, T. (May, 1890.) 5.
Empress of China, Bengal. (Jackson & Perkins, 1896.) 5, 15, 19. Sjmi.. Apple

Blossom. 15.
Enchanter, H.T. (J. Cook, 1903.) Mme. Caroline Testout X Furon. 19.
Erskine Park Belle, W. (Edw. J. Norman.) Sport from R. Wichuraiana. 15.
Etoile de France, Jr., H.T. (California Rose Co., 1911.) Sport. 15.
Eva Corinne, Set. (Pierce, of Washington, D. C, 185-.) 10.
Evangeline, H.W. (Walsh, 1906.) 15, 19. R. PFicAwraianaX Crimson Rambler. 12.
EvELTN, H.T. (A. N. Pierson, Inc., reg. A. R. S., 1918.) Sport of Ophelia. 15.
Everblooming Prairie Queen, H. Set. (P. H. Meehan; intro. by Dingee &

Conard Co., 1898.) 42.
Evergreen Gem, H.W. (Manda, 1889.) R. Wichuraiana X Mme. Hoste. 19.
ExcELSA, H.Cl. (Walsh, 1908.) Syn., Red Dorothy Perkins. 15. Hubbard

Gold Medal, A. R. S., 1914.

Farquhar, H. W. (Dawson, 1903; intro. by R. and J.Farquhar). 31. R. Wich-
uraiana X Crimson Rambler. 15, 16, 19. Syn., The Farqidiar. 15.

Felicitt, H.T. (Clark Bros., reg. A. R. S., 1919.) Ophelia X Hoosier Beauty.
15.

Flag of the Union, T. (Hallock & Thorpe.) Sport from Bon Silene. 17.

Florence Chenoweth, Aus. Brier. (Chenoweth, reg. A. R. S., 1918.) Sport
of Mme. Edouard Herriot. 15.

Flower of Fairfield, Mult. (Schultheis, 1909.) 13. (1908.) 15. (Ludorf,
1908.) 19. Syn., Everblooming Crimson Rambler. 15.

Flush o'Dawn, H.T. (Walsh, 1902.) Margaret Dickson X Sombreuil. 19.
Syn., Blush o'Dawn. 42.

Four Hundred, H.P. (Connor, 1901.) Sport from American Beauty. 42.

Frances Willard, T. (Good & Reese, 1899.) Marie Guillot X Coquette
de Lyon. Syn., President Cleveland. 15, 42.

Francis Scott Ket, H.T. (J. Cook, 1913.) Radiance X No. 411 (an unnamed
crimson seedling).

Frank W. Dunlop, H.T. (John H. Dunlop, reg. A. R. S., 1919; intro. by
C. H. Totty Co., 1920.) Mrs. Charles Russell X Mrs. George Shawyer. 15.

Freedom, H.T. (Griffin, 1900.) 42.

Freedom, H. W. (F. R. M. Undritz, reg. A. R. S. 1918; intro. by Reinhold
Undritz, 1918.) Silver Moon X Kaiserin Auguste Victoria. Syn., Climbing
White American Beauty.

176 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

Gainsborough, Cl.H.T. (Good & Reese, 1903.) Sport from Viscountess

Folkestone. Syns., Climbing Viscountess Folkestone; Gainesboro. 15.
Galaxt, W. (Walsh, 1906.) 26.
Gardenia, H.W. (Manda, 1899.) R. Wichiraiana X Perle des Jardins. 19.

Syn., Hardy Mareehal Niel. 15.
Garden's Glory, H.T. (Conard & Jones Co., 1905.) 42.
Garnet Climber, H.W. (Van Fleet, 1907; intro. by P. Henderson & Co.,

1908.) R. Wichuraiana X Lucullus. 32, 39.
Gem of the Prairie, Set. (Burgesse, 1868.) Beauty of the Prairies X Mme.

Laffay. 7.
Gen. John Pershing, H. W^ (F. R. M. Undritz, reg. A. R. S., 1917, as "F. R.

M. Undritz"; intro. by Reinhold Undritz.) Dr. W. Van Fleet X Mrs. W. J.

Grant (Belle Siebrecht). 15. Name changed by permission of Executive

Committee, A. R. S., Jan. 12, 1920.
General MacArthur, H.T. (E. G. Hill Co., 1904.) 19.
General Robert E. Lee, T. (Good & Reese, 1896.) 15.
General von Moltke, H.P. (Bell & Son, 1873.) Seedling from Charles

Lefebvre. Inferior. 17.
Genevie\^, H.Cl. (Jackson & Perkins, 1911.) 42.

George Peabodt, B. (Pentland, 1857.) 16. Seedling from Paul Joseph. 17.
Gladys Talbot, H.W. (Manda, 1904.) 37.
Glorified La France, H.T. (J. Cook, reg. A. R. S., 1919.) Frau Karl Druschki

X Mrs. Charles Russell. 15.
Golden Gate, T. (Dingee & Conard, 1892.) 9, 19. Safrano X Cornelia Cook.

5, 9. (Jones of New Orleans, about 1888.) 16.
Golden Gem, H.T. (Towill, reg. A. R. S., 1917.) Lady Hillingdon X Harry Kirk.
Golden Rule, H.T. (E. G. Hill Co., 1918.) Ophelia seedling X Sunburst.
Golden Trophy, CI. T. (California Rose Co., 1914.) 15. Sport from Duchesse

de Auerstadt. 30.
Hadley, H.T. (Montgomery Co.; intro. by A.N. Pierson, Inc., 1914.) (Liber-
ty X Richmond) seedling X General MacArthur. Awarded Gold Medal,

A.R.S., 1914.
Hansen, H. Ru. (Prof. Budd, 189-.) Syn., Hansa. 15.
Harison's Yellow, Brier. (Harison, of New York.) 10, 19. (1830.) 16. Syns.,

R. Harisonii; Hogg's Yellow; Yellow Sweetbrier. 21. Possibly a hybrid of

Austrian Briar X R- spinosissima. 34.
Helen Good, T. (Good & Reese, 1906.) Sport from Maman Cochet. 15, 19.

Syn., Golden Cochet. 15.,
Helen Mills, H.T. (Dingee & Conard Co., 1910.) 25.
Helen Taft, H.T. (U. S. Department of Agriculture, 1913.) Syn., Miss Helen

Taft. 15.
Henry Irving, H.P. (Conard & Jones Co., 1907.) 19.
Henry M. Stanley, T. (Dingee & Conard, 1879.) 15.
Hiawatha, H.Cl. (Walsh, 1904.) First Prize, A. R. S. 15, 16. Crimsoa

Rambler X Carmine Pillar. 19.
HiBBERTLA, C. (Buist, about 1830.) 21.
Highland Mary, T. (Dingee & Conard, 1908.) 19.
Hilda, H.T. (Myers & Samtman, 1911.) Sport from My Maryland. 40.
Hoosibb Beauty, H.T. (F. Dorner & Sons Co., 1915.) Syn., Liberty Beauty.
Ida, H.Cl. (Dawson 189-; not formally introduced.) Dawson X R- multiflora. 29.
Ideal, H.T. (Jacob Becker, 1900.) 15, 19.

Improved Rainbow, T. (Burbank, .) 15.

Improved Universal Favorite, H.W. (Manda, 1901.) 37.

LIST OF AMERICAN ROSES 177

Indiana. H.T. (E. G. Hill Co., 1907.) 13. Rosalind Orr English X Frau Karl

Druschki. 12.
Intensity, H.T. (Dingee 8e Conard, 1903.) 19, 25.
Isabella Grat, N. (Gray, 1855.) Seedling from Cloth of Gold or Chroma-

tella. 8, 17.
Isabella Sprunt, T. (Sprunt, 1866.) 15. Sport from Safrano. 17.
Ivory, T. (American Rose Co., 1902.) Sport from Golden Gate. 3, 19. Syn.,

White Golden Gate. 15.

Jacksonla, C. (Buist, about 1830.) Syn., Hundred-leaved Daily. 21.

James Sprunt, CI. Ben. (Sprunt, 1856.) 6, 9. Sport from Agrippina. 17.

Jane, Set. (Pierce, about 1850.) 1, 10.

Jersey Beauty, H.W. (Manda, 1899.) R. Wichuraiana X Perle des Jardins. 19.

Jessica, H.W. (Walsh, 1909.) 25.

John Burton, W. (Hoopes, Bro. & Thomas Co., 1903.) R. Wichuraiana X

Safrano. 19.
J. S. Fay, H.P. (Walsh, 1899.) 15, 19. Prince Camille de Rohan X Souv. de

Pierre Notting. 42.
Juanita, H.W. (Walsh, 1907.) 38.
Jubilee, H.P. (Henderson, 1898.) 1, 19. (1897.) 15. (Walsh, 1897.) Victor

Hugo X Prince Camille de Rohan. 16.

Kalmlv, H.W. (Walsh, 1913.) 15.

Keystone, Mult. (Dingee & Conard, 1904.) 15, 19.

Killarney Queen, H.T. (J. A. Budlong & Son Co.; intro. by A. N. Pierson,

Inc., 1912.) Sport. 40.
Keng David, H.T. (California Rose Co., 1910.) 15. Sport from Vick's Caprice. 30.
King of the Prairies, Setigera type. (Feast, 1843.) 1, 10.

La Detroit, H.T. (Hopp, 1904; intro. by P. Breitmeyer's Sons., 1&05.) Mme.

Caroline Testout X Bridesmaid. 15, 42.
Lady Ann Borodell, H.T. (S. J. Renter & Son, Inc., reg. A. R. S. 1914.) Sport

from My Maryland. 28.
Lady Blanche, H.W. (Walsh, 1913.) 15.

Lady Cromwell, H.T. (A. N. Pierson, Inc., 1910.) Sport of My Maryland. 42.
Lady Dorothea, T. (Dunlop, 1898.) 16. Sport of Sunset. 42.
Lady Duncan, H.W. (Dawson, 1909.) R. Wichuraiana X R- rugosa.
Lady Gay, W. (Walsh, 1905.) 15, 19. R. Wichuraiana X Bardou Job. 5, 16.
Lady Joy, H.T. (Nanz & Neuner, 1901.) American Beauty X Mrs. W. J.

Grant (Belle Siebrecht). 42.
Lady Mars, CI. T. (CaliforniaRoseCo.,1909.) 15. Sport from Gloirede Dijon. 30.
La Fiamma, H.W. (Walsh, 1909.) 15, 19. Syn., La Flamme. 15.
Landreth's Carmine, N. (D. & C. Landreth, 1824.) Syn., Carmine Cluster. 10.
Lansdowne, H.T. (Leonard, reg. 1914.) 15.
Le Vesuve, Ben.-C. (Sprunt, 1858.) 3.

Lilian Nordica, H.T. (Walsh, 1898.) Margaret Dickson X Mme. Hoste. 42.
Little Sunshine, Poly. (Alexander R. Cumming, Jr.; reg. A. R. S., 1915,

A. N. Pierson, Inc.) R. multiflora nana X Soleil d'Or.
Little White Pet, Poly. (Henderson, 1879.) 1,13,19.
Los Angeles, H.T. (Howard & Smith, reg. A. R. S., 1916.) Mme. Segond

Weber X Lyon Rose. 15.
LuciLB, H.W. (Walsh, 1911.) 40.

Lutea, N. (Buist, .) Syn., R. Smithii. 21.

Madeleine Lemoine, Hyb. (Franceschi, .) R. moschata X R-

odorata gigantea. 34.

178 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

Madison, T. (Hentz, 1912.) 15.

Madonna, H.T. (J. Cook, 1908.) Furon X Marie Van Houtte.

Magnafbano, H.T. (Van Fleet, 1905; intro. by Conard & Jones Co.) Magna

Charta X Safrano. 19.
Maid Mabion, H.W. (Walsh, 1909.) 15.

Maid of Honor, T. (Hoffmeister, 1899.) Sport of Catherine Mermet. 16, 19.
Manda's TRroMPH, W. (Manda, 1898.) 37. R. Wichuraiana X a Hybrid Per-
petual. 19.
Marion Brunell, C.T. (F. H. Brunell, Alabama, 1917.) Sport of Reine Marie

Henriette. 15.
Marion Dingee, H.T. (J. Cook, 1889.) Caserta X General Jacqueminot X

Safrano. 19.
Mark Twain, H.T. (E. G. Hill Co., reg. A. R. S., 1902.) 5, 13, 19, 25.
Marshall P. Wilder, H.P. (Ellwanger & Barry, 1885.) 15, 16, 17.
Mart Hill, H. T. (E. G. Hill Co., 1917.) Ophelia X Sunburst.
Mart Lovett, H. W. (Van Fleet, 1915; intro. by J. T. Lovett, 1915.) R.

Wichuraiana X Kaiserin Auguste Victoria.
Mart Washington, Mult. Said to have been planted by George Washington

on his estate at Mount Vernon and named by him in honor of his mother. 18.

Syn., Martha Washington. 15.

Master Burke {R Lawrendana), Species. (Feast, .) 21.

Maud Little, T. (Dingee & Conard, 1891.) 1.

Mavourneen, H.T. (The Florex Gardens, reg. A. R. S., 1913.) Sport from

Killarney. 37.
Max Graf, Hyb. (Reg. A. R. S., 1919, by James H. Bowditch as Rosa hybrida

Max Graf. Probably hybrid of R. Rugosa X R. setigera.
Matflower, T. (E. G. HUl Co., 1910.)

Mat Martin, H.T. (Martin & Forbes, 1918.) Sport of Ophelia.
Mat Miller, H.T. (E.G. Hill Co., 1910.) UnnamedseedlingX PaulNeyron. 5,
Mat Queen, H.W. (Van Fleet, 1898; intro. by Conard & Jones Co.) 19.

R. Wichuraiana X Mrs. de Graw. 16.
MiLADT, H.T. (Towill, 1913.) Richmond X J. B. Clark.
Milky Way, H.W. (Walsh, 1909.) 15.
Minnehaha, H.W. (Walsh, 1905.) 15. R. Wichuraiana X Paul Neyron.

5, 16, 19.
Minnie Dawson, H.Cl. (Dawson 189 — ; intro. by Ellwanger & Barry.) R.

multifloraX Dawson. 29,31.

Minnie Francis, T. (America, .) 15.

Miss Alice Roosevelt, H.T. (American Rose Co., reg. 1902.) 42.

Miss Bell, T. (Intro, and date imknown.) 10.

Miss Kate Moulton, H.T. (Monson; intro. by Minneapolis Floral Co., 1906.)

42. Mme. Caroline Testout X La France X Mrs. W. J. Grant (Belle Sie-

brecht). 15, 19.
Miss Lolita Armour, Per. (Howard & Smith, 1919.) Result of a cross be-
tween two unnamed seedlings. 15.
Miss Maudt Shubrook, H.T. (California Rose Co., 1914.) Sport from Mrs.

Aaron Ward. 15.
MisB Ruby Dent, H.P. (California Rose Co., 1916.) Sport from Mrs. John

Laing; also classed as a Hybrid Tea. 15.
Miss Sarah Nesbitt, T. (B. Dorrance, 1910.) 27. Sport from Mme. Cusin. 42.
MiBS Sargent, T. (Mackenzie, of Philadelphia, about 185-.) 10.
Mlle. Marthe Htrigoyen, H. C. (E. G. HiU Co., 1902.) 25.
Mme. Boll, H.P. (Boll, 1859.) 5, 6, 16, 17.

LIST OF AMERICAN ROSES 179

Mme. Butterfly, H.T. (E. G. Hill Co., 1918.) Sport of Ophelia.
MuE. Btrne, N. (Buist, 1850.) 10. Seedling of Lamarque. 21.
Mmb. Trudeatjx, H.P. (Boll. 1850.) 1, 17.

Mmb. Trudeaux, D. (Boll, .) 10.

MoNTARiosA, Hybrid. (Franceschi, .) R. moschata y. R- odorata gigantea. 34.

MoNTECiTO, Hybrid. (Franceschi, .) R. moschata X R- odorata gigantea. 34.

Montrose, H.T. (J. Cook, 1916.) 15. Unnamed red X Laurent Carle.
Mrs. Batard Thayer, H.T. (Waban Rose Cons., reg. A. R. S., 1916.) 15.
Mrs. Belmont Tiffany, H.T. (Budlong, reg. A. R. S., 1917; intro. by

A. N. Pierson, Inc., 1918.) Sport of Sunburst.
Mrs. Charles Bell, H.T. (A- N. Pierson, Inc., reg. A. R. S., 1917.) Sport of

Radiance.
Mrs. Charles Russell, H.T. (Montgomery, 1913.) "Mme. Abel Chatenay,

Marquise Litta de Breteuil, Mme. Caroline Testout, Mrs. W. J. Grant (Belle

Siebrecht), General MacArthiu", and three seedlings resulting from these

crosses are all combined to produce Mrs. Charles RusseU." 15.

Mrs. Chas. Dingee, H.T. (Dingee & Conard, .) 15.

Mrs. Chas. Gersdorff, Cl.H.T. (Gersdorff, reg. A. R. S., 1916.) White

climbing rose X Killarney.
Mrs. Cleveland, H.P. (Gill, 1897.) 1, 13, 19.
Mrs. de Graw, B. (Burgess, 1885.) 16.
Mrs. E. T. Stotesbury, H.T. (Edward Towill, reg. A. R. S., 1918.) Seedling

(Joseph Hill X My Maryland) X Milady.
Mrs. F. F. Thompson, H.T. (Totty, 1915.) Sport of Mrs. George Shawyer.

15.
Mrs. Henry Westnett, H.T. (Dunlop, reg. A. R. S., 1917.) Mrs. Charles

Russell X Mrs. George Shawyer. 15.
Mrs. James G. Penny, H.T. (Joseph W. Vestal & Son, .) Sport of Ra-
diance.
Mrs. J. C. AmswoRTH, H.T. (Clarke Bros., 1918.) Sport of Mrs. Charles

Russell.
Mrs. John Cook, H.T. (J. Cook, reg. A. R. S., 1919; intro. by A. N. Pierson,

Inc., 1920.) Ophelia X three unnamed seedlings. 15.
Mrs. J. PiERPONT Morgan, T. (May, 1895.) 15, 16. Sport from Mme. Cusin.

Syn., Mrs. Pierpont Morgan. 15.

♦Mrs. Lovett, H.W. (Dr. Van Fleet, .) 15.

Mrs. Marshall Field, H.T. (Reinberg, 1906.) 42.

Mrs. Mary Neihoff, H.T. (NeihofiF, 1908). Syn., Aurora. 42.

Mrs. M. H. Walsh, H.Cl. (Walsh, 1911.) Syn., Mrs. Walsh. 15. Gold Medal

of A. R. S., 1911.
Mrs. Moorfield Storey, H.T. (Waban Rose Conservatories, reg. A. R. S.,

1915.) General MacArthur X Joseph Hill.
Mrs. Oliver Ames, T. (R. Montgomery, 1898.) Sport from Mrs. J. Pierpont

Morgan. 42.
Mrs. Opie, T. (Bell & Son, 1877.) 17.
Mrs. Paul Neihoff, H.T. (Neihoff, 1903.) 39.

Mrs. Pierce, Set. (Pierce, about 1850.) 10, 17. Syn., Mrs. Hovey. 22.
Mrs. Potter Palmer, H.T. (Breitmeyer, 1909.) 19, 25.
Mrs. R. B. Mellon, H. Spin. (Elliott Nursery, 1917.) Seedling. 15.
Mrs. Robert Garrett, H.T. (J. Cook, 1900.) Caserta X F. E. Verdier.
Mrs. Robert Peary, Cl.H.T. (De Voecht & De Wilde; intro. by Dingee &

Conard, 1898.) Sport from Kaiserin Auguste Victoria. 15, 42.

♦Probably identical with Mary Lovett, H.W,

180 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

Mrs. Sarah Yeats, H.T. (Originated and reg. by Yeats, 1916; intro. by

A. L. Randall Co.. 1917.) 15.
Mrs. S. K. Rindge, Per. (Howard & Smith, 1919.) Rayon d'Or X Frau Karl

Druschki. 15.
Mrs. Sterling, H.T. (J. Cook, 1918; not disseminated.) Antoine Rivoire X

unnamed pink seedling. 15.
Mrs. Theodore Roosevelt, H.T. (E. G. Hill Co., 1904.) Sport of La France.

19.
Mrs. Walter T. Sumner, H.T. (Clarke Bros., reg. A. R. S., 1920.) Ophelia X

Hadley. 15.
Mrs. W. C. Whitney, H.T. (May, 1894.) 11, 16.
Mrs. Wm. R. Hearst, H.T. (A. N. Pierson, Inc., reg. A. R. S., 1916.) Sport

of My Maryland. 15.
Muriel Moore, H.T. (Moore, 1916.) Sport of My Maryland.
My Maryland, H.T. (J. Cook, 1908.) Madonna X Enchanter.
Nevia, Set. (Feast, 1843.) 10.
New Century, H.Ru. (Van Fleet, 1900; intro. by Conard & Jones Co.) R.

rugosa X Clotilde Soupert.
Newport Fairy, H.Mult. (Gardner; intro. by Roehrs, 1908.) 12, 19. R.

Wichuraiana X Crimson Rambler. Syn., Newport Rambler. 39, 42.

NiLBS Cochet, T. (California, .) 15.

NoKOMis, W. (M. H. Walsh, 1918.) R. Wichuraiana X Comte de Raimbaud.

Norma, H.T. (Dingee & Conard, 1904.) 4, 19, 25.

Northern Light, H.W. (Van Fleet, 1898; intro. by Conard & Jones Co.)

Wichuraiana hybrid. 19.
Oakmont, H.P. (May, 1893.) 15, 19.
Old Blush, N. (Noisette, 1817.) 2.

Olivia, H.T. (E. G. Hill Co., 1907.) 15, 19. Syn., Oliva. 15.
Ophelia Supreme, H.T. (Dailledouze Bros.; reg. Soc. American Florists,

1917.) Sport. 24.
Oriole, H.Cl. (Jackson & Perkins, 1911.) 42.
Oriole, H.T. (California Rose Co., 1910.) 15.
Pallida, Set. (Feast, 1843.) 10, 17, 20.

Panama, H. P. (E. G. Hill Co., 1908.) Paul Neyron X seedling of Joseph Hill. 5.
Panama, H.T. (J. Cook, 1913; reg. A. R. S., 1919.) Frau Karl Druschki X

unnamed pink seedling. Awarded Silver Medal, A. R. S., 1915.
Pan-America, H.T. (Henderson, 1901.) American Beauty X Mme. Caroline

Testout. 19 42.
Paradise, H.W. (Walsh, 1907.) 15, 19.
Paul de Longpre, H.T. (E. G. Hill Co., 1906.) 19.
Pauline Dawson, H. CI. (Dawson, 1916.) 31.
Pearl Queen, H. W. (Van Fleet, 1898; intro. by Conard & Jones Co., 1911.)

32, 42. R. Wichuraiana X Mrs. de Graw. 16.
Pearl Rivers, T. (Dingee & Conard, 1890.) 1, 16.
Perpetual Michigan, Set. (Feast, about 1843.) 10.
Philadelphia, Ramb. Crimson Rambler X Victor Hugo. 16, 19. Probably

the same as Philadelphia, H.Mult. (Van Fleet, 1904; intro. by Conard &

Jones Co.) Syn., Philadelphia Crimson Rambler. 15.
Pilgrim, H.T. (Montgomery Co., Inc., reg. A. R. S., 1919; intro. by A. N.

Pierson, Inc., 1920.) Seedling. 15.
Pillar of Gold, Cl.T. (Conard & Jones Co., 1909.) 19.
Pink Beauty, H.T. (J. Cook, reg. A. R. S., 1919.) Ophelia X My Maryland.

15.

LIST OF AMERICAN ROSES 181

Pink Cecils Bkunner, Poly. (Western Rose Co., 1918.) Sport. 15.

Pink Cherokee, Lsev. (California, 1887.) R. laevigata X R. indica. 15.

Pink FrauKablDruschki.H. P. (California Rose Co., 1910.) Sport. 15.

Pink Ophelia, H.T. (Howard & Smith, 1916.) Sport from Ophelia.

Pink Pearl, H.W. (Manda, 1901.) R. Wichuraiana X Meteor.

Penk Roamer, H.W. (Manda, 1898.) 19. Syn., Pink Rover. 15.

Pink SouPERT, Poly. (Dingee & Conard, 1896.) 1. Sport from Clotilde Soupert.

15.
Pom Pom, H.Cl. (U S. Department of Agriculture, 1910.) 25. Crimson

Rambler X R. Wichuraiana. 15.
Premier, H.T. (E. G. Hill Co., 1918.) Ophelia seedling X Mrs. Charles

Russell. 15. Syn., Rose Premier, reg. A. R. S., 1917.
President Taft, H.T. (McCullough. 1908.) Syns., President W. H. Taft;

Taft Rose; Wm. H. Taft. 15.
Prettt American {R. Lawrenciana) . (Boll, 183- or 185-.) 10.

Pride of the South, Set. (America, .) 15.

Pride of Washington, Set. (Pierce, about 185 — .) 7, 10, 19.

Primrose, T. (Dingee & Conard, 1908.) 19.

Princess, H.Cl. (Walsh, reg. 1902.) 42.

Princess Bonnie, T. (Dingee & Conard, 1897.) 1. Bon Silene X Wm. F.

Bennett. 19.
Princess Ena, Poly. (H. B. May, 1907.) Sport of Baby Crimson Rambler. «6.
Prince Theodore Bonney, H.T. (Dingee & Conard Co., 1898.) Bon Silene X

William Francis Bennett. 42.
Princeton, H.T. (Stockton & Howe, 1912.) 41.
Priscilla, H.T. (Henderson, 1910.) Kaiserin Auguste Victoria X Frau Karl

Druschki. 5, 25.
Prof. C. S. Sargent, H.W. (Hoopes. Bro. & Thomas Co., 1903.) R. Wich-
uraiana X Souv. d' Auguste Metral. (Not the same as Sargent.) 19.
Purity, H.W. (Hoopes, Bro. & Thomas Co., 1917.) Unnamed seedling X

Mme. Caroline Testout. Silver Medal, A. R. S., 1915.
Queen Beatrice. H.T. (Credited to Kramer, 1907, by Good & Reese Co.) 15.

(Dingee & Conard, 1906.) 15.
Queen Madge, H.T. (Fitzsimmons, reg. 1902.) 42.

Queen of Edgely, H.P. (Floral Exchange, 1901.) 19, 42. Sport from Ameri-
can Beautv. Syn., Pink American Beauty. 15.
Queens Scarlet, Ben. (Hallock & Thorpe, 1880.) 15, 17. Syn., Red

Hermosa. 15.
Radiance, H.T. (J. Cook; intro. by P. Henderson & Co., 1908.) Enchanter X

Cardinal. Awarded Silver Medal of A. R. S., 1914. 19.
Rainbow, T. (Sievers, 1891.) Sport from Papa Gontier. 3, 19. (Dingee &

Conard, 1891.) 2. Sievers was probably the originator.
Ramona, Lffiv. (Dietrich & Turner, 1913.) Sport from Pink Cherokee. Syn.,

Red Columbia, H.T.' (Jos. H. Hill Co., 1920.) Sport. 15.

Red Killarney, H.T. (A. N. Pierson, Inc., 1910 or 1911.) Sport. 40, 42.

Red Radiance. H.T. (A. N. Pierson, Inc., 1916.) Sport. 15.

Rbd Radiance. H.T. (Gude Bros.. 1916.) Sport. Darker than Pierson's. 15.

Rbqina. H.Ramb. (Walsh. 1916.) 15.

Reliance, H.T. (E. G. Hill Co., 1910.) 4, 19. Etoile de France X Chateau

de Clos Vougeot. 15.
Rena Robbins, H.T. (E. G. Hill Co.. 1911.) Paul Neyron X Mme. Jenny

Gillemot.

182 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

Rhea Reid, H.T. (E. G. Hill Co., 1908.) American Beauty X red seedling.

12, 19.
Richmond, H.T. (E. G. Hill Co., 1905.) Lady Battersea X Liberty. 19. Syn.,

Everblooming Jack Rose. 15.
Robert Craig, H.W. (Hoopes, Bro. & Thomas Co., 1903.) R. Wichuraiana

X Beaute Inconstante. 19.
Robert Heller, T. (E. G. Hill Co., 1911.)
Robert Scott, H.T. (Robert Scott & Son, 1901.) 15. Merveille de Lyon X

Mrs. W. J. Grant (Belle Siebrecht). 19.
Robin Hood, H.T. (E. G. Hill Co., 1912.)
Rosalie, T. (Ellwanger & Barry, 1884.) Seedling from Marie Van Houtte.

17.
Rosalind, H.T. (F. R. Pierson Co., reg. A. R. S., 1918.) Sport of Ophelia.

15.
Rosalind Orr English, H.T. (E. G. Hill Co., 1905.) 3, 15. Mme. Abel

Chatenay X Papa Gontier. 19.
Rosa bella. Species. (Raised from seed collected by Purdom and classified by

Rehder & Wilson, from northwestern China, 1910.) 34, 35.
Rosa bella fallens. Species. (Raised from seed collected by Purdom and

classified by Rehder & Wilson, from northwestern China, 1910.) 34, 35.
Rosa bracteata, Species. (From China and Formosa, naturalized in America,

.) 34. _

Rosa chinensis spontanea. Species. (Rehder & Wilson, from central China

between 1907 and 1910.) 34.
Rosa Davidii elongata. Species. (Rehder & W'ilson, from southern China,

1908.) 34, 35.
Rosa filipes. Species. (Rehder & Wilson, from southern China, 1910.) 34, 35.
Rosa Giraldii glabriuscula. Species. (Rehder & Wilson, from China,

1910.) 35.
Rosa Giraldii \'enulosa. Species. (Rehder & Wilson, from Central China,

1910.) 34, 35.
Rosa glomerata. Species. (Rehder & Wilson, from western China, 1910.)

34, 35.
Rosa graciliflora. Species. (Rehder & Wilson, from China, 1908.) 35.
Rosa Helena, Species. (Rehder & Wilson, from Central China, 1907.) 29, 36.
Rosa humilis htbrida. Hybrid. (America, before 1893.) R. humilis X R.

rugosa. 35.
Rosa htbrida. Max Graf. (James H. Bowditch, reg. A. R. S., 1919.)

Probable hybrid of jR. rugosa X R- setigera. 43. Properly Max Graf.
Rosa Jackii, Species. (Rehder, from China, 1905.) 29. Syn., R. Kelleri. 34.
Rosa Jacksonii, Hybrid. (Jackson Dawson, 1897.) 35. R. rugosa X R.

Wichuraiana. 29.
Rosa laevigata. Species. (Brought to America from China and Formosa early

in 17th century.) Syns., R. sinica, R. cherokensis, R. ternata, R. nivea, Ca-
mellia, Cherokee Rose. 34. 36.
Rosa Motesii rosea, Species. (Rehder & Wilson, from China, 1910.) 35.
Rosa mtjltiflora cathatensis. Species. (Rehder & Wilson, from China, 1907.)

34, 36.
Rosa Muriels;, Species. (Rehder & Wilson, from China, 1910.) 34, 35.
Rosa odorata Embescens, Species. (Rehder & Wilson, from western China,

.) 34.

Rosa bpinosissima htbrida. (EUiott Nursery, .) 15.

LIST OF AMERICAN ROSES 183

Rosa Watsoniana, Species. (Edward Rand sent it to Arnold Arboretum in

1878, originally found by him in a garden at Albany, N. Y.) 35. Supposed

to have been introduced from Japan but not known in wild state. 34.

Rosa Wichubaiana vabiegata. (Conard & Jones Co., .) 15.

Rose Marie, H.T. (F. Dorner & Sons, 1918.) Hoosier Beauty X Sunburst.

15.
Rosemary, H.T. (E. G. Hill Co., 1907.) 15, 19.
Rose Premier, H.T. (E. G. Hill Co., reg. A. R. S., 1917.) Ophelia seedling X

Mrs. Charles Russell. Is now generally known as Premier.
Rose Queen, H.T. (E. G. Hill Co., 1911.)
RosERiE, H.Ramb. (R. Witterstsetter, 1917.) Sport from Tausendschon. 15.

Syn., Rosary. 15.
RoTAL Cluster, Ramb. (Conard & Jones Co., 1899.) Armosa (Hermosa) X

Dawson. 19, 25.
RuBT Gold, T. (O'Connor, 1892.) Sport from a graft of Catherine Mermet

on Marechal Niel. 16.
RuBT Queen, H.W. (Van Fleet, 1899; intro. by Conard & Jones Co.) R.

Wichuraiana X Queens Scarlet. 16.
RuGOSA MAGNiFiCA, H.Ru. (Van Fleet, 1905; intro. by Conard & Jonea Co.)

R. rugosa X Ards Rover.
RussBLiANA, Set. 21. (Russel, 1900.) 25. Syns., Russell's Cottage; Russel's

Cottage. 15. Syns., Scarlet Grevillea; Cottage Rose. 21.
Ruth Vestal, Cl.T. (Vestal & Sons, 1908.) Sport from Bride. 30. Syn.,

Climbing Bride. 15.

Santa Rosa, H. Ben.-T. (Burbank, 1900.) 13. 19. Second generation

Hermosa seedling X seedling of Bon Silene. 42.
Sarah Isabelle Gill, T. (Gill, 1897.) 19.
Sargent, H.W. (Dawson, 1912). R. Wichuraiana X Crimson Rambler X

Baroness Rothschild. 31.
Satisfaction, N. (California Rose Co., 1915.) 15. Sport from Reve d'Or. 30.
Seashell, H.Cl. (Dawson, 1916.) 31.
Sbptembeb Moen, H.T. (Turner, 1915.) Sport from Mme. Paul Euler. 15.

Setigera Hybrid, Hybrid. (Dawson, ) R. setigera X R- Wichuraiana. 31.

Setina, Cl.B. (Henderson, 1879.) Sport of Armosa (Hermosa). Syns., Climb-
ing Hermosa; Cetina. 9, 15, 17, 19.
Shatemuc, Poly. (Shatemuc Nurseries, 1911.) 42.
Shepherd's Oriole, N. (T. B. Shepherd Co., 1905.) 15.
Silver Moon, H.W. (Van Fleet; intro. by P. Henderson & Co., 1910.) R.

Wichuraiana X R- laevigata (Cherokee Rose.) 15, 32.
Silver Star, H.W. (Frederick R. M. Undritz, reg. A. R. S., 1920.) Silver Moon

X Marie Van Houtte.
Sir Thomas Lipton, H.Ru. (Van Fleet, 1900; intro. by Conard & Jones Co.)

R. rugosa X Clotilde Soupert. 19.
Snowball, Poly. (Henderson, 1899.) 42.
Snowball, Poly. (Walsh, 1901.) 19, 25.
Snowdrift, H.Cl. (Walsh.)
Snowdrift, W. (Smith, 1914.) 15.

Snowflake, T. (Strauss & Co., Washington, D. C, 1890.) 15, 17.
Southern Beauty, H.T. (Dingee & Conard, 1897.) 42.
South Orange Beauty, H.W. (Manda, 1909.) 37.
South Orange Perfection, W. (Manda, 1899.) 3. R. Wichuraiana X

Mme. Hoste. 19.
Souv. DE Henry Clay, Scotch hybrid. (BoU. 1854.) 17.

184 THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

Souv. OF WooTTON, H.T. (J. Cook, 1888.) Bon Silene X Louis Van Houtt*.

Said to be the first Hybrid Tea rose raised in the United States. 19. Syns.,

Souv. de la Wootton; Souv. de Wootton. 15.
Spectacuilar, H.T. (Elliott, 1912.) Syn., Striped Killarney. 15.
StnaMEB Joy, H.Cl. (Walsh, 1911.) 15.

Sunbeam, T. (California Rose Co., 1908.) 15. Sport from Golden Gate. 30.
Sunset, T. (Henderson, 1884,) 2, 9. Sport from Perle des Jardins. 9. (1883.)

16, 19.
Sunshine, H.Cl. (Jackson & Perkins, 1911.) 42.
SuPEBBA, Setigera type. (Feast, 1843.) 10, 16, 17, 20.

Sweetheart, H.W. (Walsh, 1899.) R. Wichuraiana X Bridesmaid. 15, 16, 19.
Sweet Marie, H.T. (California Rose Co., 1915.) Sport from Mrs. G. W.

Kershaw. 15.
Sylvia, H.T. (F. R. Pierson Co., reg. A. R. S., 1918.) Sport of Ophelia. 15.

Tennessee Belle, H.Cl. (America, .) 15.

The Oregon, H.T. (E. G. Hill Co., never formally introduced.) Liberty X

unnamed seedling. 12.
Thora, H.T. (Burton, 1914.) 15.
Tom Field, H.T. (Field, 1906.) 42.
Triumph, H.T. (E. G. Hill Co., 1906 or 1907.) 3, 13. Gruss an Teplitz X

General MacArthur. 25.
Triumphant, Setigera type. (Pierce, 1850.) 1, 10, 16.
Troubadour, H.W. (Walsh, 1911.) 15.

Uncle John, T. (Thorpe, 1904.) 15, 19. Sport from Golden Gate. 30.
Universal Favorite, H. W. (Manda, 1899.) 3. R. Wichuraiana X American

Beauty. 19.
Urania, H.Cl. (Walsh, 1902.) A. R. S. Special Newbold Fund Prize.
Urania, H.P. (Walsh, 1906.) 3. (1905.) Seedling from American Beauty. 16.

American Beauty (Mme. Ferd. Jamain) X Susanne Marie Rodocanachi

(Mme. Rodocanachi). 19.

Vaughan's White Baby Rambler, Poly. (Vaughan, 1916.) 15.

Vice's Caprice, H.P. (Vick, 1893.) 1. (1889.) 15. Sport from Archduchesse

Elizabeth d'Austriche. 15, 16, 19.
Victor, H.T. (E. G. Hill Co., 1918.) Ophelia Seedling X Killarney Brilliant.
Victory, H. W. (F. R. M. Undritz, reg., A. R. S., 1918; intro. by Reinhold Un-

dritz, 1918.) Dr. W. Van Fleet X Mme. Jules Grolez.
ViBQiNiA, T. (Dingee & Conard, 1894.) 1.
Viridiflora, Bengal. (Originated in Baltimore, Md., about 1850.) 10. 19,

(Harrison, of Baltimore, Md., 1856.) 1. (Rambridge and Harrison, 1856.)

15. Syn., Green Rose. 15.

Waban, T. (E. M. Wood & Co., 1891.) Sport of Catherine Mermet. 16, 19.
Washington, Ben. (D. & C. Landreth, about 1824.) 10.
Washington, N. (Stewart, of Philadelphia, Pa., about 185-.) 10, 17.
Wedding Bells, H.W. (Walsh, 1907.) 19. Seedling from Crimson Rambler.

16, 38.

Wellesley, H.T. (Montgomery, 1904.) Liberty X Bridesmaid. 16.

West Grove, H.T. (Dingee & Conard, reg. 1914.) Liberty X Kaiserin

Auguste Victoria.
White Bougere, T. (Dunlop, 1898.) Sport. 42.
White Dawson, H.Mult. (Ellwanger, 1901.) 19.

White Killarney, H.T. (Waban Rose Conservatories, 1909.) Sport. 15, 19.
White Maman Cochet, T. (J. Cook, 1896.) Sport. 16, 19.

LIST OF AINIERICAN ROSES 185

White Pet, Poly. (Dingee & Conard, 1897.) 42.

White Shawyer, H.T. (Totty, 191.5.) Sport of Maman Cochet. 15.

White Star, H.W. (Manda, 1901.) Jersey Beauty X Manda's Triumph.

White Tausendschon, H.Cl. (J. Roehrs Co., probably in 1918.) Sport. 15.

WiLHELMiNA, H.T. (Hocrbcr Bros., 191 1 .) 42.

Winnie Davis, H.T. (Nanz & Neuner, 1900.) Kaiserin Augusts Victoria X

Mrs. W. J. Grant (Belle Siebrecht.) 42.
WmoNA, H.Ramb. (Walsh, 1911.) 40.
Winter Gem, T. (Childs, 1898.) 15.
Wm. C. Egan, H.W. (Dawson, 1900; intro. by Hoopes, Bro. & Thomas Co.)

R. Wichuraiana X General Jacqueminot. 15.
Wm. F. Dreer, H.P. (Howard & Smith, 1920.) Result of a cross between two

unnamed seedlings. 15.
Wm. R. Smith, T. (Smith, 1908; intro. by Peter Henderson & Co., 1908.).

Maman Cochet X Kaiserin Auguste Victoria. Syns., Jeannette Heller;

Chas. Dingee; Maiden's Blush; President Wm. R. Smith. 4, 15, 19.
Wm. S. Clark, H.T. (Clark, 1907.) Liberty X Mme. Abel Chatenay. 38.
Wm. K. Harris, W. (Hoopes, Bro. & Thomas Co.. 1903.) 15, 19.
Woodland Marguerite, N. (Pentland, 1859.) 17.
W. T. Dreer, W. (Hoopes, Bro. & Thomas Co., 1903.) 4, 19.
Wyndmoor, H.T. (Meyers & Samtman, 1907.) American Beauty X Safrano.

39.
Yellow President Carnot, H.T. (California Rose Company, 1910.) 15.

Sport. 30.

The Editor particularly requests information or corrections
to aid in making this list accurate. In sending such, corres-
pondents are requested to give exact details, so far as possible.

A catalogue of roses in American commerce has been com-
piled, and is in process of careful revision and verification. It
will include name, origin if ascertainable, class, color, fra-
grance, form, petalage, bloom babit, plant habit, disease lia-
bility. Accurate information for this work is desired. See page
112 for details as to Rose Record Card.

INDEX

After-War English Rose-Garden, 158.

American Rose Society, Officers, 4;
Membership Details, 4; Aims, 9;
What Members Want, 77; Summary
of Work, 166; Gold Medal, Hub-
bard, awarded, 168; Medals award-
ed in 1919, 168; Registered roses in
1919, 166.

Appleton, W. A., letter from, 158.

Auburn, N. Y., Good Fall Bloom in,
148.

Australian Rose Show, Rules for, 152.

Baby Ramblers, Story of, 57.

Back-Yard Bloom-Record, Three
Years of, 82.

Bagatelle New Rose Trials, 122.

Beattie, R. Kent, statement from, 75.

Bees, Ltd., new roses of, 120.

Bentz, William P., article by, 60.

Bloom-Record, Three Years of Back-
Yard, 82.

Bloom-Records, 63.

Budded Roses and Own-Root Roses,
Experience with, 60.

Butler, E. K., photographs supplied
by, facing 56.

Bryne, Thoralf , article by,' 45.

California as a Source of Roses, 149.

Candied Rose Petals, 162.

Cant & Sons, B. R., new roses of, 120.

Chaplin, Bros., Ltd., new rose, 120.

Climber, Hardy Everblooming, 33.

Climbing Roses, Growing and Show-
ing, 51.

Color, Change of in Roses, 161.

Currey. Jesse A., article by, 107;
report by, 145.

Cut-Roses, A Hundred Million, 97.

Cut-Roses, Preserving, 157.

Descriptions of Roses, Getting Better,

110.
Dickson & Sons, Alexander, new roses

of, 120.
Dobbie & Co., new rose of, 124.

Easlea, Walter, letter from, 93; new
roses of, 120.

Egan, W. C, article by, 55.
English Roses, New, 114.
Exhibiting Climbing Roses, 51.

Federal Horticultural Board, Instruc-
tions from, 75; letter from, 154.
Fish, A. J. article by, 51.

Gardening Magazines, Roses in, 80.
Germination of Rose Seeds, 155.
Gersdorff, C. E. F., notes by, 147,

155, 162, 164, 165; list by, 169.
Gloire de Dijon Rose, Visit to Home of,

20.
Great Britain, New Roses in, 118.
Greeley, A. P., article by, 82.
Greeley, A. W., article by, 40.
Greeley, A. W., note from, 157.
Greenhouse Rose Pest, 66.
Guillot, P., new rose of, 124.

Hays, James A., note from, 161.

High Cost of Roses in England, 162.

Hill, E. G., mentioned, 93; letter from
125; new roses of, 125.

Hobbies, Ltd., mentioned, 90.

Hoopes, Bro. & Thomas Co., men-
tioned, 94.

Howard & Smith, new roses of, 125.

Ideals of the World's Rose Originators,
90.

Importation of New Roses, Instruc-
tions, 75.

Importations of Roses, 154.

Italy, Hint from, 153.

June Day in a Garden of Roses, 105.

Ketten Freres, new rose from, 160.
King, Mrs. Francis, letter from, 157.
Korean Yellow Rose, 151.

La France, From the Home of, 151.
Laxton Bros., new roses of, 124.
Leaf Propagation Experiment, 147.
Leenders & Co., new roses of, 124.
Long-stemmed Roses, 164.
Los Angeles Rose, Impressions of,
157.

(186)

INDEX

187

Magazines, Gardening, Roses in, 80.
Making Dr. Van Fleet's Roses

Available, 30.
Mann, George R., Roses of, 154.
Map of Rose-Zones, 76.
Marlatt, Dr. C. L., letter from, 154.
Matheson, Robert, article by, 71.
Max Graf, New Trailing Rose, 55.
McGinnis, Prof. N. M., note from,

158.
McGredy & Son, new roses of, 121.
Menace to Greenhouse Roses, 66.
Meredith, Hon. E. T., greeting from,

3.
Message from President, 9.
Midge, The Rose, 71.
Mildew and Other Fungous Troubles,

72.
Mildew and Thrip, Fighting in Texas,

158.
Mills, Rev. E. M., article by, 17.
Montgomery, A. W., Jr., mentioned,

91.
Moon, J. Edward, article by, 48.
Mulford, F. L., articles by, 57, 137.

National Rose Society, Lantern-slides
for, 148.

National Rose Test-Garden, Report
of, 137.

"Never Too Old to Love Roses," 156.

New Roses Tested, 107.

New Roses, Getting from Abroad, 74;
Index of, 113.

New Roses of Great Britain, 126;
France, 130; United States and
Canada, 132; Holland, 134: Ger-
many, 136; Australia, 136.

New Zealand, Roses in, 154.

Night-Growth of Roses, 40.

North Dakota, Hardy Roses in, 151.

Northern Cherokee Rose, note con-
cerning, 165.

Norway, Roses in, 45.

Old-Fashioned Roses, 11.
Oregon, Rose-Culture in, 158.
Originators of Roses, Ideals of, 90.
Outdoor Rose-Growing as Recreation,

17.
Own-Root Experiences, 156.
Own-Root Roses vs. Budded Roses,

60.

Page, Courtney, article by, 114.

Paul & Son, W., new rose of, 124.

Paul's Carmine Pillar, Hardiness of,
159.

Pemberton, Rev. J. H., mentioned, 90.

Pernet-Ducher, new roses of, 123.

Pest of Roses, New, 66.

Phonograph Needles, Rose Thorns as,
159.

Plant Patents? Can We Have, 48.

Plates, Colored: I, Thomas' rose "66H,
1916" frontispiece; VIII, New rose
"Dr. Huey," facing 33; XVII, new
rose "357A, 1916," facing 40.

Plates in Sepia : Captain Thomas' new
roses: IX, "4A," facing 34; X,
"No. 7" and "210A, 1915," facing
35; XI, "Bloomfield Perpetual,"
facing 36; XII, "Bloomfield Abun-
dance," 36A; XIII, "98A, 1916,"
36B; XIV, "Bloomfield Progress,"
facing 37; XV, "45X, 1916," facing
38; XVI, "107, 1916," facing 39.

Plates in Sepia: II, Portrait Dr. Van
Fleet, facing 9; III, New Van Fleet
Climbing rose, facing 13; IV, Rosa
multibracteata, facing 20; V, Rosa
Moyesii, facing 24; VI, New Van
Fleet hybrid, "W.M. 5," facing 26;
New Van Fleet hybrid, "W.S. 18,"
facing 31; XVIII, trained climber
"Goldfinch," facing 56; XIX, new
rose "Crusader," facing 105; XX,
prize-winning English roses, fac-
ing 112.

Portland, Oregon, The Rose City,
102.

Portland Test -Garden, Report of,
107.

Portland, Report of Annual Rose
Show, 145.

Potpourri, Rose, 155.

Potted Roses, 95.

Pruning Conrad F. Meyer, 163.

Railroad Economics, Roses in, 43.
Record Card, of Roses, 110.
Recreation: Outdoor Rose-Growing,

17.
Riggs, Edward G., article by, 43.
Rochester, Rose-Awakening of, 155.
Roland, Thomas, letter from, 95.
Roosevelt, Mrs., letter from, 32.

188

INDEX

Roosevelt's Favorite Rose, 31.

Rosa, species mentioned; altaica, 28;
arkansana, 26; banksiopsis, 24;
bella, 24; canina, 26; Engelmannii,
26; Fendleri, 26; filipes, 24; Gentili-
ana, 24; Helenae, 24; hispida, 28;
Jackii, 24; Malyi, 26; Moyesii, 25;
multibracteata, 24; multiflora ca-
thayensis, 24; omeiensis, 24;rugosa,
26; saturata, 24; seriata, 24
Soulieana, 29; spinosissima, 28
Swegenzowii, 24; Wichuraiana, 26
xanthina, 28.

Rose Beads, 164.

Rose-Bloom Records, Getting Value
from, 163.

Rose-Breeding Notes for 1919, 23.

Rose-bug Dope, 159.

Rose-Jar, How to Prepare, 161.

Rose Midge, The, 71.

Rose Notes, 147-165.

Rose Show in Australia, 152.

Roses Introduced in America, List of,
169.

Roses, Night-Growth of, 40.

Rose-Water, How to Make, 165.

Rose-Zone Map, 76; Description of,
160.

Rugosas, Hybrid, Better Way to Use,
147.

Sanders, J. G., article by, 69.
Sargent, Prof. C. S.. letter
151.

from,

Schwartz, Andre, new rose, 123.
Scott, Alexander B., letter from, 94.
Secretary, article by, 105.
Secretary of Agriculture, Greeting

from, 3.
Showing Climbing Roses, 51.
Source of Roses in California, 149.
Spruance, W. C, notes by, 147,

163.
Standard Roses in America, 162.
Strawberry Root-worm or Leaf -beetle,

article concerning, 66.

Taylor, William A., letter from, 30.
Thomas, George C, Jr., article by, 33;

mentioned, 119.
Turbat, Mile. Therese, translation by,

122.

Utah, Roses in, 153.

Van Fleet, Dr. W., article by, 23;
mentioned, 30, 94.

Walsh, M. H., mentioned, 94.
Ward, Mrs. Aaron, letter from, 150.
Washington Rose Test-Garden, Re-
port of, 137.
Watering, Specializing in, 160.
Weigel, C. A., article by, 66.
Wettern, Herbert L., article by, 118.
What Are Old-Fashioned Roses, 11.
Willowmere Roses, Report on, 150.
Wister, John C, article by, 20.

The Advertisements which follow are all com-
mended to members of the American Rose Society.
It will be a favor to the American Rose Annual if
those corresponding with any of these tradesmen
make mention of the Annual.

This Book Helps

Every rose lover should possess a
copy of our 1920 Revised Edition of

"How To Grow Roses "

By ROBERT PYLE

a handsome cloth-bound book of 121 pages with 16 full-color plates
and 80 instructive illustrations.

This Book Tells —

— opinions of leading rose experts as to the best

selection for your section;
— how to get the right start;
— where to plant;
— how to prune, spray, fertilize and care for your

rose plants the year around, with helpful

Calendar of Operations;
— methods of drainage, proper soil, fertilizers, etc. ;
— how to handle plants and best way to mulch

and protect them during the winter; also,
— list of 162 Roses with instructions for pruning

each;

— comprehensive list of Roses arranged in classes;

and
— interesting historical rose data.

Price, $1 Postpaid

The Conard Star
Tag shows it's genu-
ine and identifies the
variety.

^^ONARD

'y^^t^ ROSES

BLOOM

Guaranteed to bloom

or we refund your

money. We assume

all risk.

Beautiful Blooms Early

The new but already famous HUGONIS ROSE was first intro-
duced into this country by us. The HUGONIS blooms days ahead of
other varieties beginning second season after planting. It buds in
April and becomes a mass of fairy-like, fluffy bloom early in May,
with every branch of previous year's growth lined on both sides to
the very tip with closely-set, wide-open, single flowers like dainty
yellow hollvhocks — branches bend over with weight of blooms.

Send us $3.50 and receive one 2-year field grown HUGONIS ROSE
plant with Conard Star Tag attached, also copy of "How To Grow
Roses" (described above) and our new 5 2-page Illustrated Catalog
which shows HUGONIS in colors, over 300 other Conard Star Roses,
and hundreds of other choice flowers. Just the HUGONIS plant,
$2.50. "How to Grow Roses," alone $1.00; Catalog alone Free.
Write lis today.

rONARD • ROSES

& Jones Co., Box 99, West Grove, Pa.

Robert Pyle, President

-Antoine Wintzer, Vice-President

(\)

Sold by the Seedsmen of America

For over one-third of a century — that's a good while

Cl,

Q M 0

a. - rjl

2 So u

O ,'

w

c P

P-I 1-

o
O

USED ON ROSES, CARNATIONS. ETC

TRAnp MARK

USED ON ROSES. GRAPES, ETC.

o

=•1

-1 D-

D ^

21-3
c« ° -

pi Orq c

^

Hammond's Paint and Slug Shot Works, Beacon, N. Y.

i-«-.«— ,«««««««»..«««.-.«-.«-««.

(ii)

Dormant, low-budded and
own- root, two-^ear-old,
field -grown plants which
include all the leading and
popular Varieties in Hybrid
Perpetual or June roses,
Hy^brid Teas, Rugosas
and other hybrids, and
Walsh's World-famed
Ramblers.

CATALOGUE ON REQUEST

M. H. WALSH

ROSE SPECIALIST
WOODS HOLE, MASS.

HUGHES
ROSES

We are offering for the
coming season many thou-
sand Hybrid Tea Roses in
the best varieties grown. My
roses are northern field-
grown, all low-budded on
Multiflora. We guarantee
them true to name and to
be the strongest and best
roses obtainable.

Illustrated and descriptive list
upon request.

ROBERT E. HUGHES

Rose Specialist
1949 Hertel Ave., Buffalo, N. Y.

Best fertilizer and condi-
tioner for your green-
house or plant field soil
■ — equally good for lawn,
flower or vegetable gar-
dens, fruit or field crops.

CONCENTRATED
Ay^NURES

Natural Fertilizer and Soil Builder

Unusual quality Stock Yards Cattle or Sheep Manure dried
and sterilized by high temperature direct heat process into
the richest kind of natural fertilizer— packed in 1 00 lb. bags
— safe, convenient and economical.
Gives Your Soil What it Needs to Make Things Grow

Insist on Wizard Brand by name fiom your seedsman or
supply fiouse or write direct for prices and freight rates.

Use Wizard Brand This Spring!

THE PULVERIZED MANURE COMPANY

30 UNION STOCK YARDS -CHICACO, ILLINOIS

:SHEEP

Hanur£

(iii)

Are You Troubled With

ROSE BUGS?

IT goes without question that every rosegrower can answer this
query with "Yes," but I am not referring to a variety of bugs but
just one and the one which is best described by its action.
How eagerly we all await the opening of the first bud on
our roses early in June and how disappointed we are when on that
much sought for morning we rise early and run into the garden
only to find that a certain bug has been there before us and has de-
stroyed the flower by eating holes in the petals. This particular bug
is known as "Rose Chafer" or "Rose Beetle" and he belongs to the
fastidious class of insects, for at first he will feast on all our white
roses, then goes to the yellow, and then to the pink, and finally to the
red, and when he has finished these, he devours peonies, irises or any
other flower which he finds in our garden, and finally he destroys
whole crops of grapes and cherries.

He is without doubt the most destructive bug of all and appears
with the first open rose in June and remains with us for about six
weeks.

Up to now not a single remedy — no matter how well recommended
— has proven effective and the only real remedy has been hand picking.
But this method is too slow and also inefficient as this bug increases
daily until its army in single gardens exceeds a hundred thousand
and absolutely no flower is immune.

I have come to bring you glad tidings, for under the name of

MELROSINE

I am offering you a remedy, which is really effective and which will
make it possible for you toenjoy every one of your roses in your garden.

J J/"] f« 1\ ^ 1 • "vA liquid spray, which is

W hat IS IVIelrosiner diluted with 20 times the

amount of water and with

which the plants are sprayed as well as the flowers, every day; and
mind you — it leaves no spot on the flowers.

It has been tested and is endorsed by some of the foremost
rosarians in this country.

Full detailed directions for use are sent with each order.
Pint $1 Quart $1.75 2 quarts $3.25 Gallon $6

5 gallons $25 10 gallons $45

Plantsman MAURICE F IJ TO Seedsman
7 WEST 45TH STREET :: :: NEW YORK

(IV)

New Roses for 1920

New, better, and distinct from each other and from other varieties
now in commerce, are the outstanding features of these three new
roses. All are growing in large quantities at Cromwell, and from
Cromwell alone
will they be dis-
seminated.

CRUSADER. (Mont-
gomery.) The large,
heavily petaled blooms
are of the richest,
velvety crimson imagin-
able. The plant is ro-
bust and rugged in
every way, extremely
free-flowering and car-
rying the blooms on
long, strong stems. The
blooms remain fresh
a long time after cut-
ting.

PILGRIM. (Mont-
gomery.) The long
slender bud opens per-
fectly into a beautiful
bright rose-pink bloom
which is of the most
pronounced tea fra-
grance. The plant is a
wonderful grower and
highly productive of
first quality blooms.

MRS. JOHN COOK.

(John Cook.) The
mature flower is cup-
shaped, expanding fully
to a large and finely
formed bloom. The
color varies with the
season, the pink flush
being pronounced dur-
ing cool weather, while
the Rose is almost white
during the days of
bright sunshine. It is
superior to Double
White Killarney and a
close companion to
White Killarney.

Our booklet de-
scribing these three
new roses, as well as
other varieties of
merit, will be for-
warded to any ad-
dress upon request.

A. N. PIERSONjInc, Cromwell Gardens, Cromwell, Connecticut

(V)

NEW AMERICAN
HYBRID TEA ROSES

FOR GARDEN CULTURE

Sterling Novelties for outdoor bedding

Productio7is of the same growers that originated the beautiful

Los Angeles Rose

Miss Lolita Armour

The unique coloring of this novelty is a combination of colors
difficult to describe, and it is absolutely distinct from all other
varieties. The flowers are of large size, full double, with petals of
great substance. As the flowers expand they develop to a deep,
coral-red with a golden, coppery-red suffusion. The base of the
petals is of a rich golden yellow with coppery red sheen; delightfully
fragrant. The plant is a strong, vigorous grower and very free-flower-
ing. A rose for which we predict great popularity.

Mrs. S. K. Rindge

This is, undoubtedly, the finest yellow rose we have. While it in
some stages of development, as well as in growth, resembles Golden
Emblem, it is a stronger grower, and its rich, chrome-yellow flowers
as they mature, become suffused with salmon-pink.

William F. Dreer

A beautiful rose of the same parentage as Los Angeles and which,
for delicacy of coloring, is incomparable with any other variety, it
reminding one of the delicate tints of some varieties of water lilies.
The flowers, which are similar in shape to Los Angeles, and like that
variety, beautiful in all stages of development, are at their best in
the half-expanded flower. These, in expanding, are of a delicate,
silvery shell-pink. The bases of the petals are of a rich golden yellow
which, at certain stages of development, gives a golden
suffusion to the entire flower, this golden suffusion being particularly
brilliant early and late in the season.

DREER'S GARDEN BOOK FOR 1920 offers the above
as well as many other desirable Roses, Plants, Bulbs, Choice Flower
and Vegetable Seeds, Lawn Grass, Horticultural Sundries, etc.

A copy will he mailed free on receipt of application

HENRY A. DREER

714-716 CHESTNUT STREET
PHILADELPHIA, PA.

fvi)

comes to

GreenKouses

come ±o

riitcliin^s & Co.

New York Boston

iilmiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiinr^^

»c»^:iiiiiiitiiiiiiiifi)nniuiiiin>:

NURSERYMEN, FLORISTS
AND SEEDSMEN

Experience of 66 years should be worth seeking. Our
beautiful catalog will help you make selections for
Garden Lawn and Orchard. A card today will
bring it. We have only a few left. Don't delay.

THE STORRS &: HARRISON CO.

BOX C . PAINESVILLE • OHIO

(vii)

PETERSON
ROSES

Sooner or later

you will

somehow, somewhere

learn that

PETERSON
ROSES

are the best.

"WHY NOT NOW?"

Catalog on request

George H. Peterson

Rose and Peony Specialist
BOX 51 :: FAIR LAWN :: NEW JERSEY

(viii)

Two THOUSAND, THREE HUNDRED
AND EIGHTY-EIGHT Rose photo-
graphs were, on March lo, 1920, in the
accurately indexed collection of outdoor
pictures made and maintained at the Mount
Pleasant Press, Harrisburg, Pa., by the J. Horace
McFarland Company.

The collection will be just as much larger by the
time these words meet the eyes of the 1920 Annual's
readers as opportunity has permitted, for there is
watchful endeavor, every business day in the year,
to get and picture the good and the new things
that grow and bloom in America.

What is the use? To illustrate catalogues, books,
magazines, "Annuals"? Yes, and more, much
more!

As desirable as a good collection of phonograph
records of the world's great music, as permanent,
and far less costly to procure and show, is a collec-
tion of the world's great roses in lantern-shdes.

You can see^and all but smell ! — your favorite
roses any winter evening, if you wish.

Complete outfits to start with; a complete
service to keep you up to date. As easy to operate
as a Victrola; why not have music and flowers?

Write for particulars to Department E. O. H.,
Mount Pleasant Press, Harrisburg, Pa.

Note: — Not only roses; there are thirty-three thousand
other outdoor pictures in the same great gallery, all at your
early command. Gardens, forests, trees, shrubs — ^all of them
as fine to see as travel and skill will produce.

(ix)

Greenhouse- Building
Is Our Business

UILDING and equipping greenhouses from

B start to finish.

Their cost is only such as you would expect
to pay for any article of their superior kind.
For over half a century we have been build-
ing greenhouses.
Our factories cover many acres.
Our houses are shipped from Maine to California.
Send for Two G's Booklet, "Glass Gardens, a Peep

Wd^&Bumhain^

Builders of Greenhouses and Conservatories
Cleveland Philadelphia

into

Toronto

Chicago

Montreal

1^
1^

I

1^

GREEN PLAIN
ROSE FARM

Yardley, Bucks Co, Pa.

Malcolm Franklin

(X)

MICHELCS ROSES

COLUMBIA AND PREMIER

Two of the Best Garden
Varieties that People are Talking About

COLUMBIA

We consider the above two Roses the best everblooming pink Hybrid
Tea varieties. See our 1920 catalogue for description and color plate.

Extra strong plants, ready in May, $1.25 each, $12 per doz., $95
per 100.

Our Nurseries, Andalusia, Pa., make a special feature of growing
Roses and Hardy Perennials.

Our catalogue will give you full information.

Write for a copy today; it 's free

MICHELL'S SEED HOUSE

518 MARKET STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA.

Nurseries and Greenhouses, Andalusia, Pa.

(xi)

Buy best Roses from the home of

LOS ANGELES

The second American Rose
to take the highest honors aJ?road

{Gold Medal in igi8 at Bagatelh Gardens in Paris)

Here are three more wonder Roses, origi-
nated by us:

"MRS. S. K. RINDGE" "LOLITA ARMOUR"
"WM. F. DREER"

In 1919 Lolita Armour won the Pacific Coast
Championship as "the best seedling Rose
raised on the Pacific Coast." These Roses,
raised by us, are "different," and not dupli-
cates. They improve and grace any rose
garden, anywhere.

CALIFORNIA ROSES

will replace Holland Roses with greatersatis-
faction. We grow all the good varieties,
and we have hundreds of thousands of superb
field-grown plants. Nowhere can better
Roses be bought. Write us for catalogue.

HOWARD 6i SMITH

LOS ANGELES • CALIFORNIA

(xii)

Novelty Roses for 1920

Our Novelties Jor igio are

^TRANK W. DUNLOF'anc/
''MADAM BUTTERFLY"

''Frank W. Dunlop"

is a Russell Seedling, with all the good
qualities of Russell, such as fine color
and splendid keeping qualities, but with
the added advantages of much greater
freedom of bloom and more vigorous
habit.

''Madam Butterfly"
A glorified Ophelia. Much larger in
flower than the original Ophelia, more
vigorous in growth and more prolific;
"Butterfly" will unquestionably displace
Ophelia, once it becomes better known.
May 15th delivery; 4" pots; $1.00 each.

Send Jor our catalog containing full descriptions
oj these and other varieties, ij interested.

CHARLES H. TOTTY COMPANY

MADISON, NEW JERSEY

(Mil)

Rose Lecture

Our illustrated lecture, "In
American Rose-Gardens," is
made up of one hundred
beautifully colored slides of
Roses and Rose-gardens in
all parts of the United States.
This lecture is rented, with
manuscript to accompany the
pictures. Particularly suited
for Garden Clubs, Schools,
and Church Societies.

Our folder, "Educational
Prints and Lantern Slides,"
sent on request.

J. Horace McFarland Co.

Slide 'Department
HARRISBURG, PENNA.

WE MAKE THE
GROWING OF

FIELD-GROWN

ROSES

Our Specialty
for the

Wholesale Trade

THE UNITED STATES
NURSERY COMPANY

S. W. CROWELL, Mgr.
ROSEACRES, MISSISSIPPI

Garden Knowledge Brings
Garden Success

The foremost gardeners and horticulturists of America
clearly explain the principles underlying successful
gardening in the

GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

This monthly magazine brings you timely, usable garden
knowledge, and reviews the best gardening literature, both
American and European. The Gardeners' Chronicle is the
standby of professional gardeners; it is a safe guide for you.

Subscription, by the year, $2

GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

286 Fifth Avenue, New York City

(xiv)

Bobbink S Atkins

Visit
Nursery

Ask for
Catalog

These vigorous, hardy rose bushes, grown
entirely outside, are subjected to our severe
chmate before they are sent out, so that you
can rely upon their hardiness and vitality.

Evergreens
Trees and Shrubs

Old-Fashioned
Flowers

We have also specialized in these items and
have as complete a collection of all plants as
can be found.

Nurserymen and Florists

RUTHERFORD, N. J.

(XV)

THE Editor's Rose-Garden is
yet growing at ''Breeze Hill."
It is strong in hardy climbers,
and in the rare ''species" roses like
Hugonis, Moyesii, etc.

My Growing Garden tells about the beginnings
of "Breeze Hill." It is a book of 230 pages and
37 full-page illustrations in color and sepia; and
it is a very good-looking book, too — good enough
to serve as a wedding present for any young couple
starting out with a garden ever so httle.

The vegetable-garden goes along with the
story, as well as the growth of the flower-borders,
the shrubs and the fruits. Indeed, it is just a
record of six years of endeavor by a man who
couldn't afford a "regular gardener," even if he
had wanted one.

This book ought to be worth while to any
garden-loving man or woman, for it is a true and
frank story of trials and troubles as well as of
successes. The Editor had to make soil first, and
he fought weeds, bugs and funguses — and got
there !

Send $2.25 and the postage — $2.42 in all — if
you'd like to grow with the garden of the Annual's
Editor, to either The Macmillan Company, New
York City, or directly to The American Rose
Annual, Box 687, Harrisburg, Pa.

(xvi)

INDEX TO ADVERTISEMENTS

Page
Bobbink & Atkins, Roses xv

Conard & Jones Co., The, Roses i

Dreer, Henry A., Inc., Roses vi

Fuld, Maurice, Insecticides iv

Gardener's Chronicle xiv

Green Plain Rose Farm, Roses x

Hammond's Paint & Slugshot Works, Insecticide ii

Hitchings & Co., Greenhouses vii

Howard & Smith, Roses xii

Hughes, Robert E., Roses iii

Lord & Bumham Co., Greenhouses x

McFarland Co., J. Horace, Rose Lantern Slides xiv

McFarland Co., J. Horace, Advertising and Printing . . . . ix

Michell's Seed House, Roses xi

My Growing Garden, by J. Horace McFarland xvi

Peterson, George H., Roses viii

Pierson, A. N., Inc., Roses v

Pulverized Manure Co., The, Concentrated Manures. ... iii

Storrs & Harrison Co., The, Roses vii

Totty Co., Charles H., Roses xiii

United States Nursery Co., The, Roses xiv

Walsh, M. H., Roses iii

ONLY ADVERTISING RELATING TO ROSES OR
GARDENS IS ADMITTED

ADDRESS FOR ADVERTISING SPACE

IN 1921 AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL

BOX 687, HARRISBURG, PA.