2 LETE INSTRUCTION ON Kp \ “ACO - TOR E UE C b age ROCKE, 1\ “HERMAN - BY. All rights reserved 1882, by TIERMAN RO€Ke. Copyright ry “As fe ie Qe eS “ “Amn | ye M 54a APPLY 70 3 f : as : - , ee ’ 1 ; fe i Mh 66 and 68 ast Fourth Street, a New York, rg AS ‘ Mulbern y Ti res, ex ~ And all other articles necessary for Silk Haising ie A -, Eo , Sy B33 rs j oe oo * ¥ Se aes GPO? War ik * Pir = 5 z of bate Mb 4 we / ~ te + - see "I > Pe, fa hs ive ® t ; ad + 7 4% ~ - bo eae - ‘ Nes” . , met va 7 4 Re Fes / a : seas . Z i es “SILK K CULTURE. a me BS FOR THE | 2 eee “HERMAN. ROCKE, cones. ee See “ADAM. GIGRICH, ae a | ~ Amityvilles Long Island. ait | DEALERS IN Pe - - “- he ae mee ~ \ . Silk Worm Eses, gare ae 3 ? Thermometer. 8) q , a an rit i : Pat : \ ry ’ Lie ~ YY ¥ ’ “ ‘ & Re th % ei. YS oo Fashion Magazine. Resident New ee Hnjoy no greater advantages in shopping than do out-of-town - families who take this Magazine, the chief feature of which is an exhaustive Catalogue and Price List of the Great Variety of Goods on Sale in OUR 52 DEPARTMENTS. Pero EVER 2S: NER DED For Wear, Toilet or Home Ornamentation, CAN ALL BE SECURED UNDER ONE ROOE, | Substantial Dry Goods, Ladies’, Misses’ and Children’s Suits, Boys’ Clothing, Millinery Goods, Dress Silks, Trimming Silks, Velvets. Laces, White Goods, Dress Trimmings, Hosiery, Gloves, Mitts, Gent’s s Furnishing, Parasols, Stationery, Fancy Goods, Jewelry, Hair Goods and _ Ornaments, Perfumery and Toilet Articles; in fact EVERYTHING That the Wife, Husband, or Children may require FOR WHEAR. MAGAZINE ISSUED QUARTERLY At 50c Per Annum or 15c. Singie Copy. We also issue a Catalogue, which we send Free of Charge to all applicants. * a? ike ORDERS BY MAIL PROMPTLY ATTENDED TO. Same prices charged in all cases asked at our Counters, SAMPLES SENT UPON APPLICATION: Hee Pee Bde SONS: 309, 311, 3113 to 3Il7 GRAND STREET. 56, 58, 60, 62, 64, 66, 68 and 70 ALLEN STREET, 59, 61 and 63 ORCHARD STREET, NEW YORK. F. W. PANSE, @ MACHINIST AOE iil “ ake iee New Patent Plaiting, Fluting and Crimping Machines. }— —(Ribbons and Silk Watering and Embossing Machines. 124 BAXTER STREET, Ber. Canau AnD Husrer Srs., New York. 0 gS” Specialty—The Construction of Machinery for New Designs in Ladies’ Trimmings. oii @L RA Wie ——== APPLY TO == HERMAN ROCKE, -or- ADAM GIGRICH, 66 & 68 E. 4th St., N.Y. Amityville, L. I. DEALERS IN Mulberry Trees, Silk Worm Eggs, Thermometers, And all other articles necessary for Silk Raising. jOHN MATTER, _ gre Silk Dyeing Works, 332 West ayth Street, Between 8th and 9th Avenues, NEW YORK. OS THEODORE KHRENBERG, (Late EHRENBERG BROS.) pe OOM MAK Eine MANUFACTURER OF Bois jor Weaving Ribbons, Fringes, Suspenders \ and Quill EIS | aN OF i CONG Se nS Ke RIBBON BLOCKING-UP brjcuisia2 ee Sor WASHIN noe S21 West 45th Street,~ -Between 1oth snd 11th Avenues, NEW YORK We solicit you to stop a it the < GRAND UNION HOTEL New York City, (Opposite the Grand Central ‘Depot. ) Families, Travellers and Tourists arriving or leaving the city of New York to visit Niagara, Saratoga, Wlite Mountains, Long Branch, or other summer resorts, will find it convenient to stop at Grand Union Hotel: Elevator and all improvements. Euro- _pean plan. Over 450elegantly Furnished Rooms, reduced to $1.00 and upwards per day. Also, richly furnished suites for oe and fitted up afan expense of one million dollars. The Restaur ant, Cafe, Lunchand Wine Roonts supplied with the best at moderate prices. Toilet and taggage Rooms for Ladies and Gents, where coats, valises and parcels can be left free, A number of ropms elegantly arr anged for Dinners, Suppers and Lunch parties, large or small. Tife Cuisine and Wines are of superior merit. Guests Baggage taken to and from this Depot free, W. D. GARRISON, Manager. “pain Sik Rae COMPLETE INSTRUCTION —ON- | eiLK CULTURE, | Ey im HERMAN ROCKE, 66 & 68 Hast 4th Street, NEW YORK. Co oy = ee ey 69 PREFACE, —-+ @ + —-— «fs presenting this pamphlet to the American public I am “impelled by a desire to direct popular attention to the ad- visability of fostering a richly remunerative industry, as yet only in its ivfancy in this country, one which is as easy as it is pro- fitable, and also to point out how a product hitherto almost valueless, through lack of utilization, may readily be made a source of revenue. The degree of a country’s productiveness is the measure of its prosperity: What better illustration of this axiom could be desired than that afforded by France in her truly wonderful recuperation from the disastrous effects of the Franco-Prussian war and the promptitude with which she met and paid off the enormous war debt imposed upon her by that unhappy conflict? The secret of her success lay in the fact that the French are pre-eminently a nation of industrious producers, amovg whom flourish industries that give employment even to the classes least likely to be productive, the young, the very old, and the physically afflicted. Among such industries none are more prominent than that of silk culture and none are more peculiarly adapted to supplying an easy and very profitable occupation to such individuals as have been suggested. It demands but an exceedingly small investment of capital and requires only a little intelligent care to ensure its success, Certainly no reason exists why it should not be made as prominent a factor in the prosperity of the American people as it has been in that of the French. In developing it we neces _ sarily create a new value for an article which we possess in vreat abundance—but which has hitherto been almost worthless through the absence of any demand for it—the leaf of the white mulberry tree, which is the product before alluded to, Thus, both directly and indirectly the popularization of silk © st a qT mc culture in this country will be of great value to us pecuniarily. 1h; And it will be so morally as well, It offers an employment W(pecliaa! ly attractive to the young and by the intelligent direc- tion of parents may, while affording an amusement, easily be made an important element in the training of the youth of both _ sexes to habits of careful forethought and industry. Thanks to the practical experience and eble co-operation of Mr. and Mrs. Giericu, of Amityville, L. I., I am enabled to give at this time, tangible form and practical illustration to what has long been with me a cherished project, viz, the encourage- ment of silk culture in the United States, and, in the following few pages, I believe that I have condensed and made perfectly clear to every comprehension all that is essential for anybody to know in order to essay this charming and profitable indus- try. The United States of North America are as_ perfectly adapted to silk culture as any country on the globe, commer- cial conditions fer assuring profit from it are now more favor- able than they have ever before been and it is to be earnestly hoped that it will receive the early and earnest attention which it SO as merits, HERMAN ROCKE, 66 and 68 East Fourth Street. é Silk Culturist. New Yor, Junz, 1882, The “American Silk Raiser” Can be had from H. Rocxs, 66 and 68 East Fourth Street, _N. Y., by sending 25 cents in postage stamps, or inquire at your nearest book store. SILK CULTURE. oe HE prime essential of silk culture is the provision of proper food-plants for the nourishment of the silk-worm. That which experience has demonstrated as the most suitable is the white mulberry (Aforus alba) leaf. It has been claimed by eminent entomologists that the leaf of the Osage orange (Mac- lura aurantiaca) is equally welladapted to the nutrition of the worm, but the weight of practical experience is in favor of the | white mulberry, and since that tree is already abundant throug- out the country there does not really seem to be any conspicu- ously good reason for seeking or adopting substitutes for it. The white mulberry is easily propagated by cutting, grows readily from the seed and is a hardy tree A good supply of its leaves having been provided for, the silk culturist may deem himself ready to commence operations in rearing worms. Silk culture may properly be divided into and considered separately under three distinct heads: 1. Procuring and caring for the eggs or “seed” as they are technically known. ° 2, Hatching and caring for the worms. 3. Getting the silk spun by the worms in the form of cocoons, Care should be taken to procure healthy and properly im- pregnated eges, from, if possible, the so called “hardy” species of silk worm moths. If yellow in color they are not good, They should be gray, slate, lilac, violet or dark-green, those hues be- longing to different varieties, the distinctions between which it is not worth while to enter upon here. The eggs from the Pyranees, in the south of France are deemed best, as least af- fected by climate and productive of worms that afford fine cocoons of the valuable straw colored silk which is held in such high esteem by manufacturers, In the opinion of Mr. Gigrich, Technical Superintendent of i) the silk-rearing exhibition now open in the New York Turn Halle -——and of other practical silk culturists, the Japanese eggs are however deemed peculiarly welladapted to growth in the climate of the United States. Certainly, exceptionally good results have -beeu attained with them. In thispresent exhibition Mr. Gigrich has publicly grown worms from Japanese eges, obtained the moths from the cocoons made by those worms, procured eggs from those moths and out of those eges has hatched other worms which have made handsome cocoons, a remarkably rapid course of re-production. The preferred French eges are of the race knownas “annuals,” - that is, they re-produce but once a year, in the spring-time, but the Japanese varieties re-produde twice or thrice per annum, and a race of silk-worm moths is said to exist in India which gives eight generations ina single year. It may be remarked how- ever, in this connection, that those varieties which re-produce — most frequently do not furnish the best quality of silk or make the best cocoons and are not the hardiest. Until it is desired that the eggs shall be hatched—which _ mnust, of course, not be before the mulberry leaves have put forth to supply the worms with food—they should be kept in a cool, dry.place, where the temperature never rises above 40° _ Fahrenheit, and great care must be exercised to keep them out, w Ts > of reach of rats and mice which are very fond of them. Under no circumstances must the sun’s rays be permitted to fall upon them ges should be secured in the fall, and as much as possible remain over winter where they are going to be hatched. When the time comes for hatching, place the eggs on large sheets of white paper in a room, the temperature of which is uniformly maintained at 75° or 80°Fahrenheit. Thisroom shoulc — be furnished with a table, of length proportioned tothe number of worms to be raised upon it. A strip of wood one inch high should extend around the table, and other strips of equal height should be laid across it, so as to divide its surface into square compartnients, in which the worms may be kept separ- ate according to their progressive stages of development. No green or resinous wood shouid be used where the worms €ad come in contact with it, and noironor paint Everything must 10 be scrupulously clean, as dirt almost invariably causes disease and death among the worms. When the eggs have been three or four days in this warm room, the floor should be sprinkled with water, from time to time, in order to preserve a humid atmosphere, which will keep the shells soft and make it easier for the worms to nourish themselves. About the fifth or sixth day, the little worms begin to make their appearance. When they do so, a aet or sheet of perforated paper must be laid over them, with some finely shredded tender young leaves of the white mulberry uponit and they will very ed mount from the hatching tray to begin nibbling at their ood. . | Jt will be well, as far as possible, to keep the worms of exact- ly the same age, as a matter of convenience in caring for them. Mosquito netting will do for the first net to put over them, but gradually nets of larger meshes, or sheets of perforated pa- per with wider apertures will have to be provided, as they grow very rapidly. Each time that they are fed the fresh leaves should be laid _ upon netting or perforated paper. trays over them, as in the first instance and when they climb up to the new supply the lower tray, with its dry leaves, excretory matter and any weak and worthless worms that have not strength enough to crawl up, Should be removed and cleansed. The silk worm in no stage of his existence is anything of a rover. Even when he gets wings, they are of no use to him. Give him his food while he is a worm and his mate when he is a moth and he will go upon no expeditions of idle curiosity. As they grow they should be advanced to other compartments of the table, always keeping apart those of each days hatching, Any eggs left unhatched four days after the first of the worms from that lot of eges have appeared, should be thrown away, as, even if ultimately hatched they would only produce weak, sickly and worthless worms. When the worms are a week old whole leaves may be given to them. Opinions differ as to the feeding of the worms. Some think that they should be given fresh leaves four times a il day, regularly; others that they require but three meals. The hours at which they display most voracity are early in the - morning and late in the evening, but it is well to give them leaves also during the day as their abundant nutrition is es- sential to their doing best the work that is expected of them. They should never be given any leaves that are wet with dew or rain. t The three great requisites of the silk-rcorm’s existence are absolute cleanliness, abundant fresh food and pure air at an equable temperature, tA All sudden changes or extremes of temperature must be studious!y avoided, the uniform condition of about 75° or 80° being maintained as nearly as possible. The silk-worm goes through four periodes of moltings, shed- - ding a skin in each and growing steadily larger and lighter in color until he is finally of a creamy white or cloudy amber tint. _ The first molt takes place five or six days after hatching. Tor ten or twelve hours, while he is going through the process, he re- frains from eating and remains motionless, with the front por- tion of his body raised as high as possible, supporting himself on the “prolegs” under the rear segments of his body. When _he has thrown off his old skin he goes to work eating with a _rapacity that seems spurred by a desire to make up for lost time. Each of the succeeding molts he goes through in the _ same way and they are five or six days apart. The whole age of the worm is but thirty to thirty-five days. After the last molt the worms eat ravenously for eight days, or _perbaps nine, then lose appetite and with more energy than _they have displayed at any previous time in their existence be- gin prospecting about for a placein which to spin their cocoons. _ Some of them prefer to begin spinning themselves in at an an- _ gle of the compartment in which they may chance to be, but - generally they prowl about in a restless, uneasy way until they _ have found a place to form their cocoons among the branches of some brush or boughs which must be placed conveniently for _ them to climb upon. No branches should be used for this pur- _ pose that have any odors and they should not be over two feet pene 5 va es high, A 12 Having selected a place for its work each worm surrounds itself with a cloud of flossy silk, and then in the centre of that concealment performs its mysterious toil of enveloping itself in its cocoon Care must be taken, if two or three of them begin spinning close together to prevent their joining their cocoons and muking a tangled mal formed mass of them which would be almost worthless, since they could not be unwound by the veeler Hach completed cocoon should be about the size, shape und color of a very large peanut. The silk of which they are composed is not laid on evenly arornd and around them, but is put on irregularly, often in loops and swirls, but the surface is smooth and the cocoon, if good is hard. Rach eocoon if made by a healthful and well natured worm, should yield from six to eight hundred yards of the exceeding- ly delicate filament or thread of which it is made up. On the ninth day after the worm begins spinning its cocoon, it changes from the chrysalis to the moth, If then it is desired to save the cocoon entire for reeling purposes, it will be neces sary, on the eighth day to kill the chrysalis. This may be done either by st«am or dry hot air at a temperature ot 200 degrees which must not be exceeded else the silk may suffer injury Tn that hot air, a humming noise is heard to proceed from th: cocoons for about twenty minutes and when it ceases all life i killed After that process the cocoons must be kept in a warm dry, airy place and frequently stirred and turned over for sey eral days, until their contents are thoroughly dried. In tha’ condition they may be kept an indefinite length of time, unt. it is desired to send them to market, but care must be exercised | to keep them from rats, mice, ants and certain sorts of beetles, . which will gnaw them open to get at their contents if the op- portunity is offered, Mr. Gigrich, of Amityville, L. I., and Mr. Hermann Rocke,, of Nc. 66 Kast Fourth street, N. Y., have invented an appa--| vatus which is justly claimed to be superior to any ever beforec} offered to the public for the killing of the chrysalis without thee possibility of injury to the silk and such an apparatus is need-| ed by every silk-culturist in this country since the facilities for) selling the fresh cocoons to great filatures such as exist ini s | 13 + France are a3 yet unknown here, and the cocoons must be _ dried for shipment to a distant market. The appliance is simple and not expensive. A i £ _In this brief sketch ali the processes of silk culture, from the | primary care of the eggs to the final preparation of the cocoons _, for-market, have been clearly stated in their natural and pro- | per order, but it has not been deemed necessary, or indeed ad- | yisable, to lumber up the instruction with a mass of theoretical ', rules and scientific knowledge, such as is generally heaped up- on and piled around this very simple subject in more preten- _ tious works. Ali that has been told is practical and accurate _jand more, so far as it goes, is needed by nobody. But many _ things remain yet to be considered and it is a not unimp-rtant _ (branch of the subject. HATCHING THE EGGS. 4 While it is true that silk-worm eggs, of almost any variety may be bought whenever required, the true silk-culturist should _ vender himself independent of that source of supply by produc. _ ing for himself the “seed” that he requires. To do this requires some farther special instruction. As has already been stated, on the ninth day of its retreat in the cocoon, the chrysalis devel- fo pes into the imago or adult moth Then it discharges a secretion which dissolves the hard gummy lining of the cocoon Yand moistens the silk at the head end of the cocoon so that its delicate filaments may be pushed aside and broken sufficiently for the moth to emerge This escape is effected on the eleventh or twelfth day after the worm has commenced to spin, The moths are of both sexes, in about equal numbers, and the _ difference between them is very clearly apparent. The females _ are very corpulent, being full of eggs, and are very loth to _ move at all, while the males are comparatively slender in form, _ have broader antennae and are much more lively, constantly _ fluttering their useless white wings in a cheery but ineffective _ way, and even exerting themselves sufficiently to walk very short distances oceasiona'ly. - + al « ' Am =e 4 Ptr. , + +3 ‘7 3 is a: 3 Sa. + 14 For two hours after they bave emerged from the cocoons, the sexes must be kept separate by confinement in paper boxes. After that time they must be paired and each pair put in a separate small box, or closed compartment of a great box, hay- ing apertures for ventilation, They can be handled by their wings, but all handling should be exceedingly gentle and if possible should be avoided. The pairs must be left alone in the dark for six hours. Then take them out and seperate, or ‘aneouple’ them, handling the female very delicately. As for the male, he may be thrown away. His work is done and his mission in life ended, In a few hours he will die. The female must be placed upon a sheet of paper ora clean white linen cloth, where she will at once commence laying her | egos and will keep at it until she has deposited three or four hundred at about equal distances apart on the surface upon which she is placed. If it is desired to have the eges loose, she had better be laid upon a piece of fine woolen stuff, since they will not be stuck to that surface so firmly as they would be up- on linen or paper. The eggs will be about the size of turnip seed, nearly round, slightly flattened and ofa yellow color when first deposited, a hue which they will retain if not impregnated end consequently worthless. When the female is done laying her egos she too dies. The manner of caring for the eges until hatching time has already been stated and may ‘be condensedly recapit- ulated as having four requirements, viz: Strict seclusion from the sunlight; a temperature never higher than 40° Fah- renheit; dry air and protection from rats and mice, It is a good plan to hang them up in a bag. THE COCOONS. In sorting and preparing cocoons for the market care must be exercised in picking out and putting by themselves the soft ones and in throwing away the black spotted ones, their dis- coloration showing that the chrysalis has died inside. If al- lowed to remain with the others, the foul matter from the de- composition in them would spoil the good cocoons. Another thing to bear in mind when gathering and sorting the co- 15 _ coons is to lay aside the largest and hardest ones to breed moths from for next year’s supply of eggs. To get an ounce _ of eges—about 40,000—it will be necessary to lay aside for breeding about 100 to 110 moths of each sex. A good way for keeping them in good form for developement of the moth is to attach them by a little paste to a piece of card board, In most of the silk raising countries of Hurope the silk-eul- turist makes no effort to reel himself the product of his worms, but simply sells the cocoons to a filature—as the lorge estab- _lishments for reeling and preparing the raw silk are denom- inated. This is merely a matter of convenience, as those ex- fensive manufactories have much more perfect appliances and a better system for the utilization of labor than the individual _ would be likely to possess. Even the killing of the chrysalis is performed at the filatures, where the cocoons are bought fresh. Here, in the United States, as already suggested, it will be necessary for the silk-culturist to kill the chrysalis and dry them himself before his cocoons willbe marketable. In France, where all connected with silk-culture and manufacture has been brought to the highest perfection, silk isreeled by steam machin- ery, but in Japan and China this work is done by hand. And, indeed, very good raw silk can, by skill and care be produced with the aid of a hand-reel, lt is not however necessasy for the American silk-culturist to reel his own silk. New York now affords a good market for cocoons, since there are at pre- sent several houses engaged in the business of buying them for exportation to France. All information can be obtained from H. Rocke, 66 and 68 East Fourth street, New York. The hand silk-reel is not an expensive piece of machinery and ladies may in some instances prefer to employ it. For their - information it may be said in brief that the reelitselfis geared by multiplying cog-wheels so as to have a very rapid revolving ~ motion, that it must also have alateral motion so thatthe thread _ shall not le straight upon each other as they are reeled on, that In its front are two or more small glass “eyes” or “ringlets” “ ‘- aa. ae ae as ie through which the filaments pass, and these filaments—four or five in number, according to the thickness of raw thread desir- 16 ed—are drawn together from the cocoons floating in a basin or pot, of copper or tin, containing water almost boiling and kept hot by means of a small flame under it. The filaments are picked up from the hot water by the small twigs of little birch brooms and have on them enough glutinous matter to stick them firmly together in one thread. Very great care must be exercised to keep the thread even, replacing each fila- ment as it breaks or gives out. eee For any further information or orders for the ‘‘AmERIcAN Sit Ratser” please address H. Rocke, 66 and 68 East Fourth street, New York, or A. Giegrich, Amityville, L. I, dealers in silk worm eggs, mulberry trees, thermometers, and all other articles necessary for silk culture. GENERAL RULES Which should be borne in mind by the silk-culturist. ‘4: 2 Es: A wet A il. 2. O Buy only sound eggs. The «ggs must be kept in a cool place, never higher in temperature than 40° Fahrenheit. The eggs must never be exposed to the sun. Mulberry leaves, of the species Morus Japonica or Morus alba, (the so-called white mulberry) should be given as food, but never in a wet condition. Abundance of food should be given to the worms early in the morning and late in the evening, especially to those of most advanced ages. Give finely shreddcd tender leaves to the young worms until they are one week old, Keep together, as much as possible, the worms of the same age. | If two or more worms spin their cocoons together, separate them carefully. Cleanlin‘ss, pure air and an even temperature of 70° to 80° Fahrenhcit are absolutely essential. . Keep in reserve at least one day's food as a provision against possible storms which would wet the irees and render the leaves unfit for feeding temporarily and only give the leaves at the temperature of the room in which the worms are kept. The trays or tables upon which the worms are kept, must be made of dry wood, odorless and free from resin and must have no exposed metallic surfaces, even so small as nail-heads, as contact with metal chills and may kill the worms. Use no paint where the worms can come in con- tact with it, On the eighth day after commencing to spin, the chrysalis in the cocoons intended for the market must be killed by exposure for 20 to 25 minutes in steam or hot air at a temperature of 200° Fahrenbeit . T» those who have seen our exhibition the above rules are all that is required. Stir weitere Auskunfl joie Mextellun gen fiir den Alierikanifden Seiden- Bitter’ wende man fich an H. Rode, 66 und 68 Ojt 4te Strape, Mew=York, oder YW. Gigrich, Umnityville, @ ¥., Handler i Maulbeetbacumen, Scidenwurm-Kiet, Pbermomete?, und alle anderen Urtifel welche 3ur Seidenzucht nothig find. Sek Amerikanifdje Cine yriindlidy, praftijde Abhandluug iiber Setdenz Cultur, mit vollen und genanen Wnwei- jurigen fiir Seiden- 3 tichteret DoT dtermaun Hocke, 66 und GS Ht Ate Strape, New-York, ¢ : i ‘ worre de. — Sndem ich diefes Werkchen dem amerifanijden Volfe unterbreite, it e3 meine ernjte Abficht fiir Sung und Wt einen Lohnenden Erwerbs- weig zu fchaffen und gu gleicher Zeit einem anderen Produfte—den Maulbeerblattern—-eimnen Mearlt 3u erdffnen, Mugen welcher bislang dem Lande verloren gegangen ift. Die Wohlhabenheit eines Volfes Hhingt in erfter Cinie von feiner Produttionsfahigteit ab. Jn diefer Beziehung fann man Frantreich al ein Grempel zitiren. Wan fann dreift behaupten dak nur durd) das Schaffen von Gamg und Wit, wie c8 3. B. die Seidenzucht er- laubt, diejes Land fich mit folch ciner bewunderungswiirdigen Schnel- ligfeit von der groRen Rataftrophe des lesten sieges erholen fornte. Kinder, aitere Perfonen und fogar Gebrechliche fornen auf eine Leichte Weije ihren Lebensunterhalt verdienen, wenn jie fich der Set- denzucht widmen und dte Megeln diefes Buches befolgen. C8 ver- fhayft Kindern betderlet Gefchiechtes nicht nur eine eigenthitmliche, amiehende Befchaftiqung, fondern wahrend e8 ein Vergniigen fitr jie ijt, fann e8 3u einem bedeutenden Grade zur Erziehung derjelben bei- tragen. HOanf den praftifden Erfahringen des Herrn und der Frau Gigrich ats Amityville, &. F., bin ich in den Stand gefest worden, diefe, meine Vieblingsivee verwirtlichen ju fonnen. Die Vereinigten Staaten von Mordamerita cignen fich fiir Setden- zucht eben fo gut al3 irgend etn Land der Erde. Hermann Zacke. New Yorf, im GFunt 1882. Der “Amerikanifhe Sciden-ZiGter® 3u haben bei Hermann Rode, 66 und 68 Ojt 4te Strage, New-Yor!, bet Cinjendung von 25 Gents in Pojtmarten, oder bet allen Buch- und Zeitungs- Handlern. oe ey ny Das Ganze der Seidenzucit ss gerfallt in drei Mbtheilungen : Gewinnung und LEflege der Raupencier. Gewinnung und Brlege der lebendigen Raupen.. Gewinnung der Seide aus den, von den Raupen gefponneners Cococns. i | | Die Mtaulbeerbaume jind, als Futter der Raupen betradtet, das - erjte Grfordernif, das sine qua non der Seidenfultur in jedem Lande und feben wir voraus dafy, wer fich mit Setdenzucht befaffen will, aud) fiir die néthigen Yiaulbeerbiume gejorgt haben wird. Die Ojage Orangenbiume fiefern auch ein zicmlic) qutes Sutter fiiv Seiden: raupen, der amerifanijce fogenannte weige Meaulbeerbaum inde it ihm vorgzuziehen. Peancher wird vorziehen fetne Maulbeerbaume aus Gaamen felhft zu giehen. Bequemer indejjen bleibt es tmmer wenn man die jungen Biumeden pflanzen fann. Hunderi 4 Yabhre alte Baumejen, die jogenannten Morus Japonica oder Morus Alba, die weige Wialberry, die befte Sorte, im Herbft gepflanzt, liefern nddyties Srithjahr Futter fiir 20,000, und das Yabr darauf fiir 40,000 Wiirmer, gleich eter Unze Gier, welche ihrerfetts ungefahr 110—120 Pfund Covoons 31 min- deftenS $1.00 per fund produziven. uf jeden WAcler Cand pflegt man ungefahr 1156 Baumeen 3u pflanzen, jeden 6 Fup von vem anderen entfernt. Die Tier aus welchen man die Raupen ziehen will, miiffen ‘felbjtverftindlich gefunde Gier fein und womoglich einer jogenannten ngaben” Kaffe axgehoren.. Unter Cter einer zahen Raffle verjteht man Gier welche auch in weniger warmen Rlimaten ich entwiceln. Unter Diejen ftehen die ee oben an. Auperd.m jpinnen die Iai- pen Ddiefer Gier lichtgelbe, ftroffarbige Cocoons, d. f. jolche, weldje “von den Seidenfabrifanten am beften bezahlt und am gejuchteiten find. Das eben Gefagte gilt bet den Seidenzitchtern Guropas als feft- jtehende Regel. Herr Gigrich mdeR, der technijche Leiter der Geiden- jucht-Wusftellung, welche eben jest in der Mew-Y)orfer Surnhalle ab- gehalten wird, behauptet dak die japanefifchen Gier als die dem Klima Bs ER ‘ 22 der Bereinigten Staaten aim meijten zujagende Maffe betrachtet werden fann. <$n der Chat Hat genannter Herr im der WAusftellung jelbft, unter den Whigen der Zufchauer, Maupen aus japanefifchen Giern ge- zogen. Mus den Cocoons diefer Itaupen hat er die Schmetterlinge Herausbredjen laffen, diefe Haber jofort wieder Gier gelegt und aus Diejen Giern hat Hery Gigrich wieder Raupen und Cocoons gezogen; aljo zwei Bruten in derfelben Gabhreszeit; wahrhaftig ein herrliches Refultat ! ‘sym Frithjahy fobald dic Wtaulbecrhiume anfangen Sprofjen 3u treiben, legt man die—feten es nun angefaufte oder jelbjftqgezoqene— GSier auf einen gropen Bogen weifes Papier, und bringt fie in ein bis auf 75 Grad Fahrenheit erhiktes Zimmer. Gn diefem Zimmer fteht ein flanger Tijch, deffen Lange mit der Quantitit der zu Ziehenden Haupen iibereinftinumt, und welder der GBequemlichfett und Ordnung Hatber, wie wir {pater fehen werden, in mehrere WAWbtheilungen getheilt, und mit einem zollhohen Mande verfehen ijt. Gu eine diejer Wbthei- lungen Legt man dads Papier mit den Giern. Nach) Verlauf von 5 bis 6 Tagen werden die jungen Raupen anfangen aus den Ciern herauszutriechen. Gobald man dices bemerft, breitet man iiber Dieje Wbtheilung der Cafel eine Wrt Nek defien Mlafchen £ oll Ourdh- mejfjer haben, oder aber bedeckt fie mit einem durchlicherten Papier. Auf dicfe Weife erhalt man eine Wt Oberlage auf welcher man, mit einem Weefjer fein gefehnittene junge Mtaulbeerblatter ftreut. Die jungen Maupen werden fofort von unten herauf durch die Oeffuungen auf das Gutter friehen. Durch diefe Manipulation trennt man auf eine fehr praitijche Weije die jungen Raupen von den Giern und bringt Dicje in die ndchftfolgende Whtheilung des Sifches. Um die jungen Ytaupen retnlich zu Halter und das frijde Futter, ganz junge Wiaulbeerblitter, nicht mit dem verwelften zu vermifchen, verfahrt man immer wie oben augegeben; fireut alfo dag frijehe Sutter auf das Met oder das durchlicherte Papier, lipt die Maupen darauf triechen und wirft das verwelfte Futter und den Unrath weg. Sind die Raupen erjt eine Woche oder dariiber alt, fo fann man ihnen die ganjen Blatter alg utter vorlegen. ($s mu hier bemerft werden dak die Seidenraupen wihrend hres Wadsthums vier Perioden durchmachen, d. h., fich hauten. Bei Ane niherung einer folchen PBeriode fetst fich die Maupe auf den Hintertheil ~ ihves Korpers und bleibt fo ungefihr 10 bis 12 Stunden unbewegs 23 lich fiten; fie ditrfen alsdann nicht gejtirt werden, fonft fnnten fie vosety, veer leicht fterben. | Pas volle Alter der Maupe betragt 80 bis 85 Gage. Lyt diefe Zeit Herangefommen dann hire die Raupen arf gu freffew; {ie wer- deit ungeduldig 1nd midjten einen Plak haben gum Cinjpinnen, d. h. — 3um BVerpuppen. Mtan muR alsdani Gorge tragen, neben ote Whe theilungen auf welchen fie gefitttert werden, abgebrochene Siweige over Wefte (pon 1 bis 2 Fuk Hohe) irgend eines Baumes aufzujtellen— “Dicfe mitffen jedoch geruchlos fein. Die Raupen friechen an diejen” —«Aefien Hinanf, fuchen fich den gewiinidten Plas und fangen an fich cinzufpinnen. Gie umgicbt jich mit einer Umbiillung welche in — -thver Guferen Form eines gropen peanut nicht unihulich jieht. Otefe Unihitliing nennt man cocoon und befteht aus purer Geide. Der Haden eines folchen cocoons hat eine Lange welthe von 600 bis 800 Yards variivt. C3 giebt auch Maupen die es vorziehen, fid) unten an en Brettern einzufpinnen. Oeshalb foll man giwifchen ote Bretter Heine Zweige oder Reijig legen. Am neunten Tage, nachdem die Raupe angefangen hat fic) einjzu- jpinnen, verwandelt fie jich in einen Schmetterling. Diejer Gcjmet- terling giebt alsdann cine ikende Hliffigteit von fich, weldhe die fetdene Umbiiliing 3erftirt, und er gelangt anf dieje Weife ant 11. oder 12. Sage ins Freie. C8 ijt mun jelbftverftindlic) da wenn man die Haden de8 cocoons ganz erhalten will, man dem SGdymetterling feine eit laffen darf aus jeiner Umbiillung herauszutrieden. Bu diefem Swede thidtet manihbnamadten Tage, fet es mun tn einem gejdhloffenen Ofen durch heige Luft, oder aber in einem eigens dDagit eingeridhteten Apparat mittel|t itberjpannter Wafferdaimpfe welde man durch ein Mohr in den Whparat Hineinjtromen lapt. Sobald der OHampf in den Apparat Hhineinftrimt entitcht etne Wrt Summen welches ungefahr 20 Winuten anhalt. Nach diefer Zeit werden die cocoons herausgenommen, an einen luftigen Ort gebracht, und dort unter dfterem Umbdrehen jo lang belajfen bis fte vollftindig troden geworden. Sn diejem BZujtande erjt founen fie aufbewahrt, — iden Handel gebracht oder abgejponnen werden. Herr Gigtich, aus Amityville, Vo F., tm Verein mit Herrn H.: Rocke, 66 Ojt 4. Strafe, Mew Yorf, haben einen Wpparat erfunden, welcher die beiten ebengenannten Wiethooen um ieles iibertrifft. 24 Su diefer furzen Befchretbung haben wir dem Lefer den ganze ProzeB der Scidengewinnung, jo hirz und faflich als miglich, ju er- fliiven getrachtet. Wir haben es nicht fiir nbthig erachtet dem jungen Anfanger in der Seidenzucht den Kopf mit theoretifchen Regeln voll gu pfropfen. Hier wie itberall ift die Erfahrung der bejte Lehrmetfter. Wir woken mur nod) einige Winke folgen lajjen die dem Sitehter von gropem Yargen fein werden. RZuvdrderjt wollen wir dte Gewinnung dev Cier be= }precen. Wie oben bereits bemerft bricjt die Mtotte am 11. oder 12. Tage aus ihrer Umbiifiing, dem cocoon Hervor. G8 find dies matiirlich. Meinnehen und Weibchen. Die Eriteren wunterfchetden jich leicht von den Vewteren durch fchlanfen Wucdhs und grope Bemweglichfeit, (fte flat- tern fajt beftindig mit den Flitgeln) wahrend die Weibchen plump und unbeholfen, itberhaupt forpulenter ausfehen. Machdem die Chiere ausgefroden, bringt man fie fitr ene furze Zeit (ungefahr 2 Stunden) jedes Gefchlecht feparat, in eine pajfende Schachtel. Yeach diejer Zeit, und swar nachdem eine genitgende Wnyahl beider Gefchlechter vorhan- det find, bringt man allemal ein Parden in eine bejondere Schachtet, in deren Oeekel ein fleines Loc) angebracht ijt, und beliipt fie Hier un- qefahr 6 bis 7 Stunden. Hierauf trennt man fie wieder. Wan achte jedoc) darauf bierbet, das Weibchen fehr Zart gu behandelinr d. h. jehr behutjam mit den Fliigen anzufajjen. Das Mranndjen jtirbt alsbald. Das Weibchen hingegen jest man auf eten weiken Vappen oder Bappdectel; dort wird e8 300 bis 400 ter legen und ebenfalls bald darauf fterben. Natten und Veiufe find grofe Liebhaber vow Itaupenetern. Wan jollte Daher die Gier in einen wobhlverfehloffenen Sack binden und Diefen an die Decte eines fithlen immers (40 Grad Fahrenheit) auf- hiingen. Diefe niedere Temperatur tft unbedingt erforderlich weil bei einer Hiheren Temperatur die Cier aufbridhen ohne day man Futter hiitte fiir die jungen Raupen. Wear Hiite jich die Maupen ven Gon- Nenftraglen auszujeker, diefe Unachtjamfeit wiirde fie in furzer Zeit alle todten. Wenn die Briitezeit Herannaht andert fich die Farbe dev Maupen- eicr, fie werden bedeutend Heller. Wean foll alsdann das Zimmer in dem die Itaupencier cxpofirt find, Hiiufig mit Waffer befprengen. Wut / ,'> % Se ee ng a 25 Diefe Weise wird eine fiinftliche Keuchtigheit erzeugt weldje dem Wurm — in dem Gi erlaubt tc) bequeimer zuernahren. DHie Witrmer effen an liebften viel am torgen und fpat am Abend; died hindert fie jedoch nicht, den ganzen Tag an den Wlattern herum 3u fruppern. G8 ift {chon vieles gejprochen und gefchrieben worden iiber die Fitt terung der Wiirmer. Diejer fdjreibt vier Mtahlzeiten, regelmafig jeden Zag, vor; ein Wnoderer meint zwei Hauptmahlzeiten, eine am Morgen und die andere am Abend, und dann eine Art fleiner Lunch am Writtag, ware den Wiirmern am zutraglijten. Oie Hauptfache bleibt jedoch jedenfalls dak man die Wiirmer fehr reinlich halt, und Welorgens fowie gegen Whend frifehes Futter auflegt und das veriwelfte entfernt, uch mup das Simmer in einer gleicdhmagigen Ceniparaz tur gehalten werden; jeder plopliche Weehfel vor Ralten zum Warmen oder umegefehrt mup ginglicl) vermteden werden. Wenn die Wiirmer anfangen zu fpinnen, joll man davauf achten dag fie ihre coccons nicht zu nahe an emander jpinnen, oder jogar einen Ddoppelten oder dreifachen cocoon bilden, weil man die Seide der lebtgenannten Sorte nicht abhafpeln fann, DOte Witrmer welche zu rahe beijamimen fpinnen, joll man behutjant trennen. Sieben big. at Lage nachdent die Spinnjzeit begounen, farngt manan Die cocoons zufamimeln. Nan befreit diefe alsdann von der ane hangenden Lofen Seide welche man feparat verfauft. tan wird are) jolche cocoons finden die jchwar3lich gefirbt und flectig ausfehen. Has find folehe im denen die Larve abgejtorben, gefault ijt. DOtefe miiffen unbedingt von den guten cocoons getrennt werden, weil der —dbende fhivarze Gaft welder aus ifnen herausliuft die Seide der gute cocoons verderben witrde. GS giebt harte und weidhe cocoons. Die Erfterer find die Befferen und trennt man fie von den Lebsteren Damit dicje nicht von thnen zerdvitct und dure) den ausflieRenden Saft bejchadigt werden. Bow dew harten cocoons fucht man auc Die Hirteften aus um die Gier fiir die ndchfte Brut gu gewinnen. Um eine Unze Gter zu erhalten hat man 200 bis 225 cocoons pothig, — welche int Ganzen ungefahr 40,000 Gier liefern. Die cocoons weldje man fiir die Brut zuriicbehalt flebt man nun ine auf einen Papp- deel und bringt fie an einen ficheren Ort, um den Schmetterling hervorfommen 3u fajfenr Wie man alsdann verfahren muk, Haber wir IWweiter oben fchon befprochen. Yn dew meiften Seide produziren- 26 den Lindern Europas, verkauft der Ziidjter dte cocoons ohne die Seide abzuhafpeln, ofters fogar nod) che, die Buppe (chrysalis) getidtet _ worden. Die dortigen grofen Fabrifen jind befjer und vollfommener Dazit eingerichtet, dieje beiden, jehr viel Borficht erheifdenden Wiani- pulationen vorzunehmen. Fiir die Verhiltnijje in den Vereinigten - Staaten paft die3 nun allerdings nicht und ijt e8 erforderlich die Puppe sit tddten und die cocoons in den Ntarft gu bringen, oder aber Hie SGeideabhzguhafpeln. Yn Grantreid), wo die Sciden- sucht einen hohen Grad von Vollfommenheit erreicht hat, wird das Abhafpeln der Seide Mafchinenmafiq betrieben. Yn China und Japan hingegen wird die ganze Arbeit mit den Handen vervichtet. Mit einiger Wufmerffamfcit fann man mit dem Handhafpel cine ausgezeichnete Nohfeide herjtellen. Wie gefagt, ift e8 nicht unbedingt nothwendig fiir den Seidenziichter, die cocoons abguhafpeln. Nerw- Yor, 3. B., ift ein guter Markt fiir cocoons, und verjchiedene Hau jer geben fic) mit dem WAnfauf defer ab; unter anderen die Herren Rocke und Gigrich, 66 und 68 Ojt 4 Str., N.Y. Zum Wbhajpeln,. der Seide gehort natiirlich ein Halpel; vorn an diejem Hafpel it eine Art Stiizke, an welcher zwei oder mehr glaferne Oejen angebracht find. Bor dem Hafpel fteht ein fupfernes Baffin oder em Blechtopf mit Waffer qepiillt welches durch cine unten angebrachte Kerojtulampe bis nahe zum Gieden gebracht wird und auf diefer Semperatur erhalten werden mug. Jn dicfes heife Waffer wirft man die gereinigten co- coons. Yah einer Weile fihrt man mit einem Bejen aus Birten- - reifern in dem Wafjer und zwifchen det. cocoons Herum, DOie Faden der cocoons, welche durd) das heige Waffer lofe geworden find, werden fich an die Reijer des Befens fefthingen. Wan vereinigt alsdann fiinf folcher Faden zu einem eingigen, zieht dtejen durch die glijerne — Heje und befeftigt ihn am Rade de8 Hafpels. Beim Whhafpeln mug man genat Acht geben wenn einer von den flinf Siden abbricht oder abgelaufen ijt, wm ihn jofort wieder durch einen anderen 31t erfeber, damit der abgehafpelte Faden cin gleichartiger jet. —_——_— --—-—— Der ,, Amerikanifhe Seiden-sidter“ put haben bei Hermann Rode, 66 und 68 Oft 4te Strafe, New-Yor¥, bei Cinfendung von 25 Sents in Poftmarfen, oder bei allen Buch- und Zeitungs-Handlern, oO =~T Le: f Algemeine Regeln welche wohl gu beobadhten find. a Soll man fic) gefunde Cler fiir die Brut verjdhaffen. DHieje Gier joll man bis zur Brutzeit in einem trocenen, fithlen Kaume aufbewahten. (40 Grad Fahrenheit. ) . Die Raupeneier diirfen unter feiner Bedingung den Gonnens firahlen ausgefett werden. Maulbeerblitter von der Spezies Morus Japoniea oder Morus alba, jogenannte iwethe Nraulbeerblitter, jedoch ie in naffem Sujtande, als Futter verabreicden._ Ieichlihes Futter frith am Wrorgen und gegen Abend verab- reichen, bejonders fity Witrmer t vorgeritdtent Wlter. Oe jungen Raupen nur furzgefdnittenes sartes Futter vor- egen. Hi der Ziichter darauf achten die Raupen gleichen Wlters bei- einander 3u halten. DOiejes jest ifn mm den Stand genar den . Lag zu beftimmen, an welcjem die eingefponnenen Rarpen er- fticft werden follen | Sollten gwet oder mehr Raupen fic) in ett cocoon einfpinnen wollen, diejelben vorjichtig trenmen. | Reinlichkeit bet der Behandlung der Witrmer, frijche Luft und moatich}t gleidymagige Semperatur der Miumlichfeiten. (70 bis 80 Grad Fahrenheit). Goll man Gorge tragen wentaftens fir einen Taq Futter in Jreferbe zit halten, tm Halle eS regnen follte und man najfe Blatter nicht fiittern darf. 11. Das Hol; aus welchem die Kijten, Tafeln, etc., verfertigt werden, muf trocten, womdglid) ohne Kunoten und vollftindig geruchlos icin. Nectallene Magel und jonjtige Befchlage mitffen durdhaus vermicden werden. Wm 8. Lage nachoem die Maupe angefangen hat gu fpinnen, fodte man die Schmetterlinge, die nicht zur Bucht verwendet - werden follen und zwar durd) Hike von 160 bis 200°. GEORGE MITTNACHT & SON, Safes of all kinds Manufactured, Repaired, Exchanged and Removed, Also, a large stock of Second Hand Safes constantly on hand. Prizes awarded at the Crystal Palace, 1854, Am. Union Fair, 1858, and at New Jersey State Fair, 1869 and 1870. =| F Z ae IG LS mM 24 Burne Street, New York. Branch Office at 16 Ward Street, Newark, 'N. 4 Als ESTABLISHED TWENTY YEARS. KEK & FISHER, MACHINISTS Loom Makers. RIBBON LOOMS A SPHCIALTY. EXCLUSIVE MANUFACTURERS OF CIRLULAR SHUTTLES. WINDERS, DOUBLERS, QUILLERS, SPOOLERS, RIBBON BLOCKING MACHINES. 341,343 & 345 W. 37th St., Between 8th and oth Avenues, NEW YO R. eu vil gp” * "American Silks Raiser” COMPLETE INSTRUCTION ON Sih CULL Ee eae HERMAN ROCKE, 66 & 68 Hast 4th Sureet, NEW YORK. Shit wettere Auskunfl fowie Hestellungen fiir den Atnerikanifchen Seiden-Biiehter’ . wernde mar fic) an H. Rode, 66 und 68 Oft Ate Strafe, New-ort, oder YU. Giguidh, Amityville, & ¥., | Handler in z Maunultbeerbacumen, Seidenwurm-Kiet, | Vbermometer, und alle anderen Artifel welche zur Seidenzucht nbthig find. raty5 tx ioe He . * wee =a ni