\
THE AMERICAN
SPELLING BOOK;
COXTAINING,
IHE RUDIMENTS
OF THE
ENGLISH LANGUAGE,
FOR THE
USE OF SCHOOLS
IK THE
UNITED STATES.
Br A'OJB WEBSTER, Esq.
THK REVISED IMPRESSION.
HARTFORD : PRINTED BY HUDSON e^* GOODWIN,
1809.
Distriat of Connecticut^ m.
BE it rememhered^that on the \^th day of March ^ in the truenty-eigJith year of the Independence of the United States of America^ Noaii Web step., Jzm. of said District^ esquire^ hath deposited in this office^ the Title of a Book^ the right whereof he claims as Author, in the words following:, viz* "The Ameri- can Spelling Book, contaming the Rudiments of the English Language, for the iise of Schools in the United States,'* in conformity to the Act of the Con- gress of the United States, intitled, " An Act for the encouragement oflearning-i hij securing the copies of Maps, Charts and Books, to the Authors and Pro- prietors of such copies, during the times therein
me?ition€d"
CHARLES DENISON,
Clerk qf the District of CoTiiiecticut .
District of Connecticut, ss. District "1 Clerk's Office. J
A true copy of Record. Test. Chakles Defison, C/^r.^'
; /f57<f
PREFACE
THE American Spelling Book, or First Part of a Grammatical Institute of the English language., when first published, encountered an opposition, \rhich few new publications have sustained with success. It however maintained its ground, and its reputation has been gradually extended and established, until it has become the principal elementary book in the United States. In a great part of the northern States, it is the only book of the kind used ; it is much used lu the middle and southern States ; and its annual sales indicate a large and increasing demand. Its merit is evinced not only by this general use, but by a remark- able fact, that, in many attempts made to rival it, the compilers have all constructed their ^yorks on a similar plan ; some of them have most unwarrantably and ille- gally copied a considerable part of the tables, with littlt. or no alteration ; and others have altered them, by ad- ditions, mutilations and subdivisions, numerous and per- plexing. In most instances, this species of Injustice has been discountenanced by the citizens of the United States, and the public sentiment has protected the ori- ginal work, more effectually tiian the penalties of tlie lav/.*
* The sales of the American Spelling Booh, since its first publj- cation, amount to more than two millions of copies, and they are annually increasing. One great advantage experienced in using this \v ork is the simplicity of the scheme of pronunciation/ which exhibits the sounds of the letters, with sufficient accuracy, without a mark over each vowel. The muldtude of characters in PeiTy's scheme tender it far too complex and perplexing to be ; useful to children, confusing the eye, without enlightening the understanding. Nor is there the least necessity for a figure over each vowel, as in Walker, Sheridan, and other authors. In nine- lenths of the words in cur language, a correct pronunciation is bet- ter taught by a natural division of the syllables, and a direction for placing the accent, ihan by a minute and endless repetkioji cf char* actors.
iy. PREFACE,
Gratitude to the public, as well as a desire to furni&h schools with a more complete and wtll digested system of elements, has induced me to embi'ace the oppovtimity when the first patent expires, to revise the work, and give it all the improvement which tlie experience of many teacliers, ajid my own observations and reflectiorre iiave suggested. In the execution of tliis design, care has bsen taken to preserve the scheme of pronunciaiioni and the substaixe of the foi^mer work Most of the tables, having stood the test of experience, are considered as sus- ceptible of little improvement or amendment — ^A few alterations are made, with a view to accommodate the work to the most accurate i-ules of pronunciation, and most general usage of speaking ; as also to correct sonxe errors which had crept into the work. A perfect stand- ard of pronunciation, in a living language, is not to be e5t- pected ; and when the best English Dictionaries differ, from each other, in several hundred, probably a thousand words, where are we to seek for undisputed rules ? and how can we arrive at perfect uniformity ?
The rules respecting accent, prefixed to the former work, are found to be too lengthy and complex, to aii- swer any valuable purpose in a work intended for children ; they are therefore omitted. The geograplit- cal tables are thro^vn into a different form ; and the abridgment of grammar is omitted. Geography and Grammar are sciences tliat require distinct treatises, and schools are furnished witli them in almndance. It is be- iixived to be more iisefiii to confine this work to its pro- per objects, — the teaching of the first elements of the ian- i^uage, spelling and reading. On tlrls subject, the opi- nion of many judicious persons concurs M'ith my own.
T];ie improvenents made in this work, chieily consist in a great number of new tables. Some of them are in- tended to exhibit the manner in which derivative words, z\\(^. the variations of nouns, adjective;^ and verbs, are formed. The examples of this sort cannot fail to be ve- ry useful; as children, wlio may be v. ell acquainted v/ith a word in tlie singular number, or positive degree, may be peqilexed when they see it in the plural number, or comparative form. The examples of derivation, will ac-
FREFACE. V
ousiom youth lo observe the manner, in which various branches spring fi'oni one radical Avord, and thus lead llieir minds to some knowledge of the formation of the langu,dge, and the manner in which syllables aro added or predxed to vary tlie sense of ^vords.
In the familiar lessons ibr reading, care has been lak- en to express ideas in plain, but not in vulgar language ; and to combine, v/itli the familiarity of objects, usefid truth and practical principles.
In a copious list of names of places, ri\ ers, lalvcs, niountainj, Sec. which are introduced into this work, no labor lias been spared tj<;xhibit tlieir just orthography mid pronunciation, according to the analogies of our lan- guage, and the common usages of the country. The or- Lliograpliy of Indian names has not, in every instance, been well adjusted by American authors. Many of these names still retain tlie French orthography, tound in the writings of the first discoverers or early travellers ; bu-. the practice of vrriting such words in the French manner ought to be discoimtenanced. How does an unlettered American know the pronunciation of the names, oidscon- sin or ouaba^chc^ in this French dress ? ^Vollld he sus- pect tlie pronunciation to be Wisconsin and Waubosh i Ocir citizens ought not to be thus perplexed with an or- thography to which they are strangers. Nor ought the iiarsh guttural sounds of the natives to be retained in such words as ShaMangunk, and many others. Where popular practice has softened and abridged words of this kind, the change has been made in conformity with the genius of our language, which is accommodated to a civilized people ; and Che orthography ought to be con- formed to the practice of speaking. The true pronun- ciation of the namxcofaplace, is that w^hich prevails in and near the place. — I have always sought for this, but am apprehensive, that, m some instances, my information may not be correct. It has however been my endeavor to give the true i^ronunciation, in the appropriate- En- glish characters.
The importance of correctness and luiiformity, in the several impressions of a book of sucU genera] use, has suggested the projiriety of adopting efiectual measilves A 2
. i PREFACE.
to insure tsliese desirable objects ; and it is believed thftt such measures are taken, as will render all tiie future im- pressions of this work, uniforni in the pages, well exe-^ cutcd, and perfectly correct.
In the progress of society and improvement, some gradual changes must be expected in a living language ; and corresponding alterations in elementary books of in- struction, become indispensable : but it is desirable that these alterations should be as few as possible, for they oc- casion uncertainty and inconvenience. And although perfect uniformity in speaking, is not probably attain- able in any living language, yet it is to be wished, that the. youth of our country may be, as little as possible, per- plexed with various differing systems and standards.. Whatever may be the difference of opmion, among in- dividuals, respecting a few particular words, or the partl- cul-.r arrangement of a few classes of words, the general interest of education requires, that a disposition to multi- ply books and systems for teaching the language of the country, should not be indulged to an unlimited extent. Oil this disposition however, the public sentiment alone., can impose restraint.
As the first part of the Institute met with the general approbation of my fellow citizens, it is presumed the la- lx>r bestowed upon this work,- in connecting and im- proving the system, will render it still more acceptable to the public, by facilitating the education of youth, and enabling teachere to instil inlo their minds, with the first rudin^ents of the language, some just idea;s of religion, morals and domestic economy.
N. W. New-HavSn, 1861
ANALYSIS OF SOUNDS
IN THE
jEJVGLISH LJA'GUJGE:
LANGUAGE, in its more limited sense, is the exr drcssion of i-cleas by articulate sounds. In a more gene- ral sense, the word denotes all sounds by which animal- express their feelings, in such a tnamier as to be unde^ stood by their own species. ^"'
Articulate sounds aic those vr.hich are formed by the human voice, in pronouncing letters, syllables and Mord^j and constitute the sfiokcn language, which is addressed to the ear. Letters are the marks of sounds, and the first ek - ipents o^TJiitten language, which is presented to the cys.
In a perfect lang;uage, every simple sound would be ex-^ pressed by a distmct character ; and no character would have m.ore than one sound. But languages are not thus perfect ; and the En.glish Language, in particular, is, in these respects, extremely irregular.
The letters used in writing, when arranged in a certain qustomary order, compose what is called an Alphabet.
The English Alphabet consists of twenty six letters, or single characters ; and for want of others, certain simple sounds are represented by two letters united.
The letters or single characters are, a, b, e, d, e, f, g-> h> h jj k? 1) m, n, o, p, q, r, s, t, u, v, w, x, y, z. The compound characters representing distinct sounds are, ch, sh, th. There is also a distinct sound expressed i^y '^Si ^s in long ; and another by s or z, as mfiidon^ cz- iire, which sound might be represented by zh.
Letters are of two kinds, vowels and consonaiita.
A vowel is a simple articulate sound, formed without the help of another letter, by opening the mouth in a par- ticular manner, and begun and completed with the same position of the organs ; as, c, e, o. The letters v/hich re- present these sounds are six ; Qy e, /, 0, 7/, y. But each I of these characters is used to expi'ess two or mor-e sounds
7 An Easy Standard of Pronunciation.
The following are the voAyel sounds in the Encjliyi Language—of c, as in late, ask, ball, hat, Avhat.
of c, in mete, met.
of i, in find, pit.
of 0, in note, not, move.
of w, in truth, but, bush.
of I/, in chyle, pity.
The vowels have a long and a short sound, or quai.^-
iy ; and the difterent quantities are represented by dif-
crent letters. Thus.
' . , , C when shortened, ? , '. . ^
«, m late, <• * , ' >■ by <r, as ni let.
' ' ^ IS expressed ) ^ '
^ ec, in feet, by z, in fit, i^ y m pl-ly .
n I 09, in pool, by«, in pull Sc oo in v.ool.
\ji^ m hall, by c, in holly and a in
wallow.
That the sounds of a hi late and e in let are only a mo- dification of the same vov/el, m.ay be easily understood by attenduig to the manner of forming the sounds ; for n. both words, the aperture of tlie mouth and the configu- ration of the organs are the same. This circumstance proves the sameness of the sound or vowel, in the two \rords, though differing in time or qu^mtity.
A consonant is a letter which has no sound, or an im- perfect one, without the help of a vov/el. The conso- nants which are entirely silent, interrupt the voice by closing the organs ; as b, d, g hard, k, p, t, which are culled mutc^ ; as in eb, ed, eg, ek, ep, et.
The consonants which do not entirely interrupt all sound by closing the organs, are f, 1, m, n, r, s, v, Zj which are all half vowels or semi-vowels. — To these may be added the sounds of sh, th, zh, and ng, in esh, eih, e2di, ing, v/hich our language has no Gingle char- racters lo e:{press.
A dipthongis the union of two simple sounds uttered IP one breivtli or articulation. The two sounds do not rArictiy form one ; for there are two different positions of tht organs, and two distinct sounds ; but the transition fiom one to the other js so rapid, that the distinction is scarcely- perceived, and the sound is thei*efore considered as compound. Dipthongal sounds are sometimes cf-
An Easy Standard of Pronunciation, ^ D*
presented by two letters, as in voice, joy, and sometimes by one, as in defy ; the sound o-f z/, in the latter word, if prolonged, terminates in c, and is rea-lly dipthongal.
A tripthong is a union of tliree vowels in a syllable ; but it may be questioned whether in any English word, we pronounce three vowels in a single articulation. In the woixl adieu, the three vovvcis are not distinctly sound- ed.
B has but one sound, as in bite.
C is always sounded like k or s — like I', before a^ o artd u — and like a before <?, i and y. Thus, ca, ce, ci, co, cu, cy, ka, se, si, ko, ku, sy.
At the end of words it is always hard like k, as mjiiU' he. When followed by i or e before a vowel, the sylla- ble slides into the sound of «//; as in cetaceous, graciou^^, social, which are pronounced cetashus, grashus, soshal.
D has only one sound, as in dress, bold.
F has its o\vn proper sound, as in life, fever, except i^i o/] where it has the sound of v.
G before a, o, and w has always its hard sound, as in gave, go, gun.
Before <?, / and y it has the same hard sound in some words, and in others, the sound ofy. But these varieties are incapable of being reduced to any general rule, and are to be learnt only by practice, observation, and a dic- tionary, in which the sounds are designated.
H can liardly be said to have any sound, but it de- notes an aspiration or impulse of breath, which modi- fies the sound of the following vowel, as in hcail, heave.
I is a vowel, as in fit ; or a consonant as in bullion.
J is the mark of a compound sound,or union of sounds, which may be represented by dzh, or the toft g, as in jelly.
K has but one sound, as in king ; and before n is al- ways silent, as in know.
L h[isbut one sound, as in lame. It is silent before k^ as in walk.
10 An Easy Standard of Praniinciation.
M has- but one sound, as in man ; and is never silent.
N has but one sound, as in not, and is silent after ■^■3 in hymn.
P has one uniform sound, as in pit,
Q has the power of A-, and is always followed by u^ as, ifi question.
R has one sound only, as in barrel.
S has the sound of c, as in so ; of z as in rose— and when followed by z preceding a vowel, the syllable has the seund of*//, as in mission ; or r//, as in osier
T has its proper sound, as in turn^ at the beginning of words and end of syllables. In all terminations in tioiiy and ^m/, ^z, have the sound of «/?, as in nation, nuptial; except when preceded by s or x, in which cases they have the sound of ch^ as in question, mixtion.
U has the properties of a consonant and vowel, m uni- on, imanimity, &c.
V has uniformly one sound, as in voice, live, and i:» never silent
W has t'-:e power of a vowel, as in dwell ; or a conso- nant, as in well, will.
X has tlie sound of ka^ as in wax ; or of 5*2:, as in ex- ist, and in other v/ords, when followed l)y an accented syllable beginning with a vowel. In the bcginnkig of Greek names, it has the sound of r, as in Xerxes, Xen- ojjhon.
Y is a vowel, as in vanity ^ a dipthong, as. in defy ; cs.^ a consonant, as in young.
Z has its own sound usually, as in zeal, freeze.
Ch liave the sound of tsh in v»^ords of English origin, as in chip — in some words of Trench oririnal, they have the sound of .sA. as in machine — and some ^vords of Greek origin, the sound of A:, as in cJiorus.
C;h have tl\e sound of/, as in laugh, or are siltr.t <\^«' in light.
An Easy Standard of Pronunciation* 11
Ph have the sound of /, as in Philosophy ; except in Stephen, wiiere the sound is that of t^.
Ng have a nasal sound, as in sing ; but when <? follows
the hitter takes the sound of y, as in range. In the words, longer, stronger, youngei^ the sound of the g is doubled, and the kst syllable is sounded as if written bng-ger, &c.
Sh has one sound only, as in shell ; but its use is often supplied by ti, ci^ and cc, before a vowel, as in motion, gra- cious, cetaceous.
Th has two sounds, aspirate and vocal- — aspirate, as in think, bath — vocal, as in those, that, bathe.
Se before a, o, u and r, are pronoujiced hke sk^ as in scale scoff, sculpture, scribble : before f, z, j/, like soft r, or 5, as in scene, sceptic, science, scytliiaA. Thus pro- nounced,
sea, see, sci, sco, scu, scy. ska, se, si, sito, sku, sy.
Formation of Words and Sentences.
Letters forni syllables ; syllables fonii words, and words form sentences, wliich compose a discourse.
A syllable is a letter or a union of letters, wliich can be uttered at one impulse of voice.
A word of one syllable is called a monosyllable, of two syllables a dissyllable,
of tliKee syllaliles a trissyliable.
of many syllables a polysyllable.
Of Accenty Emphasis^ and Cadence.
Accent is a forcible stress or impulse of voice on a let- ter or syllable, distuiguishing it from others in the si\me word. When it falls on a vowel, it prolongs tlie sound, as in glory ; when it falls on a consonant, the preceding vowel is shoit, as in habit.
The general rule by which accent is regulated, is, that Lhe stress of voice fialls on that syllable of a word, which renders the articulation most easy to the speaiter, and
12 An Easy Standard of P renunciation,
most agreeable to the hearer— By this rule has theae- centofniost Avords been imperceptibly established by long aiid univers-:d consent.
When a word consists of three or more syllables the ease of speaking requires usually a secondary ac- cent, of less forcible utterance than the primary^ but clearly distinguishable from the pronimcialion of unac- cented s^vjiablcs ; as superfluity, literary. '
In many compound words, the parts of which are im- 1 portant words of themselves, there is very little distinc- tion of accent, as ink-stand, church-yard.
Emphasis, is a particular force of utterance given to a particular word in a sentence, on account of its impor- tance.
Ca(fencc is a fall or modulation of the voice in reading or speakin.g, especially at the end of a sentence.
Words art simple or compound, primitive or deriva- tive.
A simple word cannot be divided, without destroying the sense ; as man, child, house, charity, faith.
A compound word is formed by tM'O or more words ; as chimney-piece, book-bmder.
Primitive words are such as are not derived, but con- stitute a ladical stock from which others are formed ; as grace, hope, charm.
Derivative %vords are those which are formed of a pri- mitive, and some termination ov additional syllable ; as grace-less^, hope-ful, charm-ing, lui-welcomc.
Spelling is the art or practice of writing or reading the proper letters of a word; calle\:l also orthography. In foi-ming tables fcr learners, tlie best rule to be observed, is, to divide the syllables in such a manner as to guide tlie learner by the sound of the letters, to the sound of the words; that is, to divide them as they are divided in a just pronunciation.
An Easy Standard of Prormnciatim. IS
Key to thefoUovnng Work Long,
1 1
a name,
e tw ee here, i time,
o liijte,
uwrewiuiie,
dry,
1 lute.
feet.
f.nd. fort, new.
dtfy.
Short,
2 a
e i u
7
3 a o aw
3 man, men, pit, tun, glory.
2 hat. let. pin. but Egypt.
Broad a or atw.
3 3
baldj tall,
cost, nought, law,
Flat a.
4 4
ask, part.
Short aio,
5 5 5
a what, was,
o not, from.
Oo proper,
6 6 6
o or oo move, ixx)ni.
Oo Short.
7
oo u
8 i o e
9
c
7
book, bush. Short u. 8 sir, come, her.
Lo7zg a. 9 there,
Long e, 10 futlgz^,
7
stood, full.
8
bird, love.
9 vem.
10 10 lb
i futigz^, i^kme,
'^^^ 4Ji)th*>ng ; voice, joy, ^^ r dipthong; loud, now.
EXPLANATION of tee KEY.
A figure stands as the invariable representative of a ceruiii sounci. The Sgure I represents the long sound of the lettci's, a, e, i, o, v, or eiv, and y ; number 2, the short swincl of the same characters ; number 3, marKS the soimd of broad a, as in hall ; nunfibev 4, repreyenls tht sound of a, m father; numlyjr 5, represents the short sound of broad a, as in not^ what ; number 6, represents the sound of o in movc^ commonly expressed oo ; num- ber 7, represents the short souml of oo in rooty bwih ; number 8, represents the sound of u short, made by e, «, B
;14 An Easy Standard of Pronunciatien*
aiid 0, as in her^ bird, come^ pronounced hur^ burd cum j number 9, represents the first sound of a made by e, as in tfidr^udriy pronounced thare^ vane ; number 10, repre- Gents tli£ French sound of z, which is the same as e long.
The sounds of the dipthongs oi and ou are not repre- sented by figures ; these have one invariable scimd, and are placed before the words where they occur in the tables.
Silent letters are printed in Italic characters. Thus, in head, goal, bwild, people, %ht, the Italic letters have no sound.
6", when printed in Italic, is not silent, but pronounced like z, as in devise^ pronounced devize. ^
Tlie letter e at the end of words of more syllables than one, is almost always silent : but serves often to length- en a forego) Hi^ vowel, as in bid^ bide.; to soften c, as in notice. ; or to soften g^ as in homage ; or to change the sound of th from the first to the second, as in bath^ bathe. In the following work, when e final lengthens the fore: going vowel, that is, gives it its first sound, it is primed in a Roman character, as in fate ; but in all other cases it is printed in Itahc, except in table 39.
Ch have the English sound, as m clutrm ; except in the 38th and 39th tables.
^lle sounds of th in this and thou, are all distinguished in the 12th and 37tli tables; except in numeral adjec- tives.
I'he sound of cw is invariably that of broad a, and that of (?7y nearly the same as u long.
N. B. Although one character is siimcient to express a simple sound, yet the combinations e.e^ a^v^ ewj ooy are so well known to express certain soui\£ls,that it was judg- ed best to print both letters in Roman characters. Ck and 55 ai'e also printed in Roman characters, though one . alyr^e would be sufficient to express the sound.
An Easy Standard of PronunciatiGn, IS
|
The |
ALPHABET. |
|||||||
|
Roman |
. Letters, |
Italic. |
Names of Letters. |
|||||
|
a |
A |
a |
A |
a |
||||
|
b |
B |
b |
B |
be |
||||
|
c |
C |
c |
C |
ee |
||||
|
d |
D |
d |
D |
de |
||||
|
e |
E |
e |
E |
e |
||||
|
f |
F |
f |
F |
■ |
ef |
|||
|
g |
G |
g |
G |
je |
||||
|
h |
H |
h |
H |
he, or avtck |
||||
|
i |
I |
i |
I |
i |
||||
|
I |
J |
J |
J |
ja |
||||
|
k |
K |
k |
K |
ka |
||||
|
1 |
L |
I |
L |
el |
||||
|
m |
M- |
m |
M |
em |
||||
|
n |
N |
n |
N |
en |
||||
|
o |
O |
0 |
0 |
o |
||||
|
P |
P |
P |
P |
pe |
||||
|
q |
Q |
q |
Z |
oil |
||||
|
r |
R |
1 |
r |
R |
er |
|||
|
fs |
S |
fs |
S |
es |
||||
|
t |
T |
t |
T |
te |
||||
|
u |
U |
u |
U |
u |
||||
|
V |
v. |
1) |
V |
1 |
ve |
|||
|
w |
w |
VJ |
W |
oo |
||||
|
X |
X |
X |
X |
eks |
||||
|
y |
Y |
y |
r |
wi orjQ |
||||
|
z |
Z |
z |
z |
ze |
||||
|
&* |
fc?* |
and |
||||||
|
Double Letters. |
||||||||
|
ft; |
ffl |
, fi, |
ft. |
m. |
fh. |
This is not a letter, but a character standing for and. Children should therefore be taught to c^l it and,- not and per se.
|
oc |
lie |
|
od |
lid |
|
of |
llf |
|
ol |
ul |
at ar
Lesson VL
ik ek ik ok uk
et it ot ut
er ir or ur
az ez iz oz uz
Lesson VU. bla ble bli bio blu. da cle cli clo clu pla pie pli p!o plu
16 An Eaay Standard of Pranuneiatwn* TABLE L
Lesson I. ba be bi bo Idu by ca ce^'ci^co cu cy* da de di do du dy jEi fe fi fo fii fy ka ke ki ko ku ky
Lksson IL p^a ge gi go gu gy ha he hi ho Im hy ma me mi mo mu my na ne iii no nu ny ra re ri ro ru ry ta te ti to tu ty wa we \vi wo. wu wy
Lesson IIL la le' li lo lu ly pa pe pi po pu py sa se si so su sy za ze zi zo zii zy
Lesson IV.
ab eb ib ob ub
ac ec ic
ad ed id
af ef if
al el il
Lesson V. ag eg ig og ug am em im om um ail en in on un ap ep ip op up as es is os us av ev iv ov uv ax ex ix ox ux
fla fie fli flo flu va ve vi vo vu
Lesson VIIL bra bre bri bro bru era ere cri cro cru pra pre pri pro pru gra gre gri gro gru pha phe plii pho phu
Lesson IX. chii ehe chi cho cliu chy dradre dri drodrudry fra fre fri fro frii fry gla gje gli glo glu gly
Lesson X. sla sle sli sip slu sly qua que qui quo sha she shi sho shushy spa spe spi spo spuspy
Lesson XL sta ste sti sto stu sty sea see sci sco sou scy tha the thi tho thu thy tra tre tri tro tru try
They should be taught to pronounce ce, c/, cy, like se, *i, sjr.
An Easy Standard of Pronunciation. 17
Lesson XII.
spla sple spli splo splu sply
spra spre spri spro spru spry
stra stre stri stro stru stiy
swa swe swi swo swu swy
TABLE IL
IVords of one syllable.
Note. A figure placed over the first word, marks the soimd of the vowel In all that follow in that colunin, until contrailicted by another iigure.
Lesson I.
Bag big b6g bug den cap bit dot
fag dig dog dug hen gap cit got
cag fig fog hug men lap hit hot
%^Z %^% ^^§ ^^^S P^^ ^^*^P P^^ i^^ hag pig jog mug ten rap sit lot
rag wig log tug wen tap wit not
Lesson IL Min f6b btd bid bid fop bet but can job had fed did hop ^. get cut pan mob lad led lid lop let hut ran rob mad red" hid mop met nut van sob sad wed rid- top yet put
Lesson IIL Bgit i^ gilt ' bind blld brSg cl6d : brftd melt hilt hand bred drag plod clad felt milt land fled flag shod glad pelt jilt- sand shed stag trod shad
Lesson • IV, Cl6g glut bllb chub damp bump b§nd flog shut drab club camp jump lend frog smut crab dmb lamp lump mend grog shn scab grub vamp pump send.. B2
18 An Easy Standard of Pronuuciati&n, Lesson V.
Bind b6ld cill bin
find hold fall fill
mind fold gall hill
kind sold hall kill
lyind gold tall
bent best brim
dent lest grim
lent nest skim
sent jest swim
mill went pest trim
, Lesson VL
Lace dice fade bide cage bake dine
mace mice lade ride page cake fine
trace nice made side rage make pine
pace rice wade wide wage wake wine
Lesson VII.
Gale cape pipe cope dire date drive
pale rape ripe hope hire hate five
sale tape wipe rope fire fate hive
vale ape type pope wire grate rive
Lesson VIIL
Dote file dame fare bore bone no^e
mote bile fame mare fore cone daye
note pile . came rare tore hone hoje-
vote vile name tare wore tone ro^e
Blink blfish
fiank flush
frank plush
prank crush
Bind bliss
grand dress
stand press
strand stress
|
TABLE III. |
|||
|
Lesson I. |
|||
|
flkt |
brace |
price |
brine |
|
sheet |
chace |
slice |
shine |
|
street |
grace. |
spice. |
swine |
|
greet |
space |
twice. |
twine |
|
Lesson IL |
|||
|
crime |
broke |
bldde |
bldme |
|
chime. |
choke |
spade |
flame |
|
prime |
cloke |
trade |
shame |
|
slime |
smoke |
shade. |
frame |
An Easy Standard of Pronunciation, 19 Lesson JII. Brake gl^'e brive henc*? minc^ bleed drake share crave fenc^ sinc^ breed fiake snare grave penc<? prince speed, spake spare slave sens<? rins^ steed .
Lesson IV. And fll age Us rich less duke life act ink aim ha^ held mess mule wife apt fact aid hast gift kiss rule safe ell fan ice hath dull miss time male ebb left ale add till tush tune save ^gg self ace elf will hush mute here end els<? ape pen well desk maze robe
Lesson V. Glade snake tract clank cllmp biSck
grade glaze chave craze
pact crank champ crack plant shank cramp match
sang plank spasm patch fang clump splash fetch
wave prate
quake slate
stage shape raHg thump crash Lesson VL
sire strife bride brick
quire fife chide kick
spire trite gKde chick
Mine
spine
vine
gripe
snipe
mire quite ^*ride click
vetch
strive
spike
splice
strike
ride
wide
smite squire vice lick stripe spite spike trice stick
Lesson VIL
E^XLmjilea of the formation of the filural from the singular^ and of other derivatives.
name, names dame, dames gale, gales
camp, camps clamp, clamps kmp, lamps
slave, slaves brave, braves stave> stav^
|
20.- . |
An Easy |
Standard of Promnuiation. |
|||
|
scale. |
scales |
scalp, |
scalps |
mate, |
mates . |
|
cape, |
capes |
map,. |
maps |
state, |
states 3 |
|
grape. |
gi-apes |
plant. |
plants |
mind, |
minds ' |
|
craiie. |
cranes |
plank. |
planks |
bind, |
binds |
|
shade. |
shades |
^•ag, |
flags |
snare. |
snares |
|
grade, |
grades |
bank. |
banks |
snake, |
snakes |
|
Lesson VIII. |
|||||
|
cake. |
cakes |
chap, |
chaps |
shake, |
shakes |
|
flake, |
flakes |
flank, |
flanks |
spade, |
spades . |
|
hope. |
hopes . |
shine, |
shines |
pipe |
pipes |
|
note. |
notes |
slope. |
slopes |
wire. |
wires |
|
blot. |
blots. |
fold, |
folds |
hive. |
hives |
|
cube. |
cubes |
club. |
clubs |
pine. |
pines |
|
grave. |
graven |
vote. |
votes |
fade. |
fades |
|
street. |
streets |
cone. |
cones |
mill. |
mills |
|
'^heet, |
sheets |
bone. |
bones |
hill, |
hiUs . |
|
Lesson IX; |
|||||
|
ciide, |
sides |
blank. |
blanks |
mare. |
mares |
|
vale, |
vales |
choke, |
chokes |
tare. |
tares |
|
wife, |
Avives |
cloke. |
clokes . |
grate. |
grates . |
|
life. |
lives |
smoke, smokes |
smite. |
smites |
|
|
hive. |
hives, |
flame. |
flames |
brick. |
. bricks |
|
drive, |
drives |
frame, |
frames |
kick, |
kicks |
|
go» |
goes |
stand. |
stands |
stick. |
sticks |
|
wo, |
w^oes |
drove. |
droves |
bride, |
brides |
|
do. |
does |
robe, |
robes |
fire. |
fires |
|
add, |
adds |
spot. |
spots |
smell, |
smells |
|
lad, |
lads |
flag, |
flags |
swim, |
swims |
TABLE IV.
Easy 'words ofnvo syllables y accented on the first.
WJiien the stress of \'oice falls on a vowel, it is necessarily long, and is marked by the figure 1. When the stress of voice falls on a consonant, the preceding vowel is necessaarily short, and is mark- ed by figure 2,
An Easy Standard of Pronundatton. 21
STo figwesareplacedoverthe vowels in unaccented syllables, because they are short. It must be observed, however, that in unac- cented terminating syllables, ahnost all vowels are pronounced like i and u sliort. Thus,
al is pronounced ul, raral rurvX^ et it, ///et///it.
.This is the general rule in the language; originating doubtless ronn this cause, that short i and u are pronounced with a less aper- ure or opening of the mouth, with less excrtimis of the organs, and onsequently with naore ease than the other vow elis in these termi- lating syllables; for in order to pronounce them right, nothing nore is requisite than to lay a proper stress of the voice on the ao- {5nted S)- llaWe, and pronounce the unaccented syllables with more ase and rapidhy . When any of these terininations are accented, 15 some of them are, the vowel retains its own sound; z^cofnpel, ament, deprfss, 8ic.
The ngures are placed over the vowels of the accented syllables ; ,nd one 6gure marks all the words thai follow, till it is cont»adicteid J another figure.
3a ker 3ri er ii der
ra zy 3ri er
ru el lial ii et in ty iy er ira per fatal fe ver 5 nal 3a gi-ajit 3u ent fo ciis firii gal foei
|
glory |
ne gi'O |
sa cred |
|
gi ant |
o ver |
se cret |
|
gra vy |
pagan |
sha dv |
|
gru el |
pa per |
SI lent |
|
holy |
pa pist |
so ber |
|
hu man |
pi lot |
spi der |
|
i cy |
pli ant |
sto ry |
|
idol |
poet |
stu dent |
|
i vy |
pre cept |
stu pid |
|
jury |
pru dent |
ta per |
|
julep |
qui et |
tra der |
|
la dy |
ra ker |
ti dings |
|
la zy |
re al |
to ry |
|
legal |
ri der |
total |
|
li ar |
ri ot |
tri al |
|
li on |
ru by |
tru ant |
|
ma ker |
ru in |
tu mult |
|
mo dish |
ru Icr |
tu tor |
|
mo mciit |
ru ral |
va eant |
22 An Easy Standard of Pronundatwn-. va grant cut ler ham let mut ter
|
va ry |
dan ger |
ban iel |
num ber > |
|
vi per |
differ |
hap py |
nut meg |
|
vi tal |
din ner |
hill der |
nurs ling |
|
vo cal |
drum mer |
hull dred |
pam per |
|
wa fer |
el der |
hunt er |
pan nel r |
|
wa ge^ |
em l^r^ |
in sect |
pan try ; |
|
wa ger |
em blem. |
in step |
pat tern |
|
wo ful |
en ter |
in to |
pat ron |
|
Sb hot |
fac tor |
jest er |
pen cil |
|
act or |
fag got |
ken nel |
pen ny |
|
ad der |
fan cy |
kind red |
pep per |
|
ad vent' |
fan torn |
king dom |
pil lar |
|
al um |
fat ling |
kin^ man |
pil fer |
|
am ber |
fer ret |
lad der |
pil grim. |
|
an gel |
m let |
Ian tern |
plum met |
|
bal'lad |
fian nel |
lap pet |
pup py |
|
bank er |
flat ter |
iat ter |
ram mer |
|
ban ter |
flutter |
let ter |
ran som |
|
bap tist |
fran tic |
lim ber |
rec tor ^- |
|
bat ter |
fun nel |
lim. ner |
rem nant |
|
bet ter |
gal lop |
lit ter |
ren der |
|
bit ter |
gam moil |
luck y |
ren net |
|
blun der |
gan der |
mam mon |
rub brsh' |
|
buffet |
gar ret |
man na . |
sad ler |
|
bur gess |
gen try- |
man ner |
sal lad |
|
car rot |
gib bet ; |
mat ron |
sand y |
|
chan nel |
gip sy |
mem ber |
sat in |
|
chap man |
glim mer |
mer ry |
scan {\A |
|
chap ter |
glit ter |
mill er |
scat ter |
|
chat ter |
gul let |
mit ten |
sel dom |
|
child ren |
gun ner |
mur der |
self ish |
|
chil iy |
gus set |
mud dy |
sen tenc#» |
|
«iri der |
gut ter |
mur mur |
shat ter . |
An Easy Standard of Prominclation. 23
|
shep /zerd shil ling |
tan ner tat ler |
vred ding , wW f ul |
hor rid jocky |
|
sig nal sil ver |
tern per ten der |
; will ing ; v.'i^ dom |
. Jol \y mot to |
|
sin ner |
ten dril |
art less |
on set |
|
slat tern |
ten ter |
art iot |
offer |
|
slen der |
tim ber |
after |
of f\C€ |
|
slum ber smug gler spin net |
trench er trump ct tarn bjjtr |
chop per com mcnt com mon |
pot ter rob ber sot tish |
|
spir it splen did |
tur ky vei lum |
. con duct con cord |
cler gy er rand |
|
splen dor splin tcr |
vel vet ves sel |
con gress con quest |
her mit ker nel |
|
stam nier |
vie tim |
con sul |
mer cy |
|
sub ject |
vul gar |
con vert |
per feet |
|
sud den |
ug ly |
doc tor |
per son |
|
suf fer |
ui cer |
dross y |
ser mon |
|
sul len |
un der |
do] lar |
ser pent |
|
sul try . sum mon |
up per ut most |
fbd der foi ly |
serv ant ver min |
|
tally |
ut ter |
fop pish |
ven om |
TABLE V.
Easy \\>ords oj two sylLiblcs. accented cm the second.
N. E. In gei"ie5tii, wruu a yoaci in. an una,cce\iiecl svllable, Jtandfc alone cr ends a svl^lablc,* "it has ns tivst sound, as in pt-'teci ; /et as. we do nor dweli^ upon tt^e. vo.vejf,' it is short and weak. Wlneu the vow ti, n such s- llables, is joined to a consonaiit, it has its sec r.u scum ; as /ladress. », . -
* P.vit if a voV\ el unaccemed ends the word, it has its second ;ou)id, as, in cit> .
a dore
a iiKQ al Ji-rie a lone
a mnzc
at GAK-
at tire be lore be have
24 An Easy Standard of PronunciaUim,
|
be hold |
fore seen |
trans late |
di rect |
|
com ply |
im brii^ |
un bind |
dis band |
|
com pute |
im pale |
un told |
dis miss |
|
com plcte |
in cite |
un fold |
dis sent |
|
con fine |
In flame |
un glu^ |
cHs tinct |
|
con jure |
in trnde |
un kind |
dis trust |
|
con sunie |
in sure |
\xn lace |
dis tract |
|
con trol |
in vite |
un ripe |
dis tiirb |
|
ere ate |
mis name |
un safe |
ef feet |
|
de cide |
mis place |
ab rtipt |
e mit |
|
de dare |
mis rule |
ab surd |
en camp |
|
de duce |
mis take |
ac cept |
en rich |
|
defy |
mo rose |
ad diet |
e vent |
|
de fine |
par take |
ad dress |
e vin( € |
|
de grade |
per spire |
ad mit |
ful fil |
|
de note |
po lite |
a mend |
fi nanctf |
|
de {)ute |
pre pare |
a midst |
gal lant |
|
de rive |
pro mote |
ar rang<? |
him self |
|
dis like |
re bate |
as cend |
im pend |
|
dis place |
re buke |
be set |
im plant |
|
dis robe |
re cite |
ca nal |
im press |
|
dis taste |
re cline |
col lect |
im print |
|
di vine |
re duce |
com pel |
in cur |
|
e lope |
re late |
con duct |
in dent |
|
en dure |
rely |
con tend |
in feet |
|
en force |
re mind |
con tent |
in fest |
|
en gage |
re plete |
cor rect |
in diet |
|
en rage |
re vere |
cor rupt |
in stil |
|
en roi |
se duce |
de duct |
in struct |
|
en su^ |
sub lime |
de feet' |
in vest |
|
en tice |
su pine |
de fend |
mis giv<r |
|
en tire |
su premc |
de press |
mis print |
|
e vade |
sur rive |
de rang^ |
mis trust |
|
for sworn |
tra duce |
de tect |
mo lest |
All Easy Standard neg lect eb struct oc cur
of ienc^ o mit op press per mit por tend pre tend pre diet -pro ject pro tect pro test re cant refit •re lax re mit
re press re tract re trench ro bust ro manc(? se dan se lect subject sub mit sub tract sus pensd" trans act trans cend trans gress trans plant tre pan un apt
of Pronufu un bend un fit un hing^ un hurt un man de bar de part ^is arm dis card em ba/m em bark en chant en larg^ huz za un arm un bar ab iior
latian, - re voIv<? re volt de spond un lock con cert de fer di vert in verse in vert per vert per verse re fer con fer de ter infer in ter in tend
Easy voords the first Cru ci fix cru el ty de cen cy di a dem di a lect drapery droll e ry du ti fill flu en cy i ro ny i vory la zi ness 11 bra ry
TABLE VI.
of three syllables; the full accent on , and a ^voeak accent on the third, iu na cy si mon y ad a mant no ta YY stu pi ly am i ty nu mer al tu te lar am iies X^j' nu trim ent ^^a can cy ar ro gant overplus va gran cy bai' ris ter po et ry ab do men but ter y pri ma cy al le gro ben e fit pri ina ry ad mi ral pu ri ty al co ran re gen (^ an iiTi al rudim ent an nu al se ere cy ac cid eii t scrutiny al im ent
big a my big ot ry but ter fly cal.i CO cal.en dac cab in et
:26 An Easy Standard of Prommciation. can is ter en ti ty len i ty ped i gree can ni bal ep i gram lep ro sy pen al ty can o py es cu lent lev i ty pen u ry cap i tal ev e ry Jib er al pes ti lent chast i ty fac ul ty lib er ty pil lo ry cin namon fac tor y Jig a ment prac tic al cit i zni fam i ly lin e al prin cip al clar i fy fel o ny lit a ny pub lie an clas sical fes tiv al lit er al punc tu al clem en cy fin ic al lit ur ^ pun gen cy cler ic al fish er y Jux u ry pyr a mid cur ren cy gal lant ly man i fest rad ic al cyl in der gal le ry man i fold rar i ty den i zen gar ri sow man ner ly reg u lar det rim ent gen e ral mar in er rem e dy ,dif fid ent gun ner y m.ed ic al rib aid ry differ ent hap pi ness mel o dy rev er end dif fi cult her aid ry mem o ry rit u al dig ni ty imple ment mes sen ger riv u let dil i gent im pu dent mil lin er sac ra ment div id end in ere ment mirt er al sal a ry dul cim er in di go min is ter sat is fy ec sta cy in dus tr)^ mus cu lar sec u lar ed it or in fan cy mys te ry sed im ait ef fi gy in fant ry nat u ral sen a tor el em ent in fi del pan o ply sen ti ment el c gy instrument par a dox sen tin el em biis sy in te ger par a gon sev er al ebony intellect parallax -sillabub em bry o in ter est i>ar al lei sim il ar €m e raid in ter Val par a pet sin gu lar em pe ror in va lid par 1 ty sin is ter en e my jus J fy pat ri ot slip pe ry -en mi ty leg a cy ped ant xy sub si df
Ah Easy Standard of Pronunciation, ^ sum ma ry ur gen cy hos pi tal prod i gd supplementwag gon er lot te ry prod i gy sym me try wil der ness men u ment prom in ent : tarn a rind har bin ger nom in al prop er ty tapestry harmony ocular tem po ral harpsichord oc cu py ten den cy cod i cil of fr cer ten e ment col o ny or a tor ter ri fy com e dy or i gin tes ta ment com ic al or na ment quan da ry tit u lar con ju gal or re ry cir ti fy typ ic al con tin ent otto man tyr an ny contraband pol i cy vag a bond con tra ry pol i tic van i ty doc u ment pop u lar vic tor y di"op sic al pov er ty vil la ny glob u lar pon der ous reg u late vin e gar gloss a ry prob i ty tcr ma gant
pros o dy prot est ant quad ru ped > qual i tf quan ti ty
mer cu ry per fi dy per ju ry per ma nent per tin ent
JEasy words
A bdse ment a gree ment al li ance al lure ment ap pa rent ar ri val a maze ment at one ment CO e qua! con fine ment coil trg| Icr de ci pher
TABLE VIi:
of three syllables y second, de CO rum de ni al de cri d de port ment de po nent die ta tor di plo ma en rol ment entice ment e qua tor he ro ic il k gal
actcnted on the
im pm dent oc ta vo op po nent poma mm ^ pri me val " re ci tal re li anc^ re qui tal ' re vi val spec ta tor sub scri bcr survivor
28 An Easy tcs ta tor tes ta trix ti'ans la tor trans pa rent tri bu nal ver ba tim vol ca no ui#e qual un mindful a. ban don ac cus torn af feet ed ag gress or a mend ment ap j>ar el ap pend ix as cend ant as sas sin as sem blv at tach ment at tend ant be gin ning be wil der CO hab it col lect or con sid er con tin gent con tract or de cant er de lin quent de liv er de mer it de tach ment di lem ma
Standard of Prominciation, di min ish pro tect or
dis sent er dis tern per dis tin guish di ur nal dog mat ic do m.es tic dra mat ic e jcct ment em bar rass em bel lish em pan nel en camp ment e<]uip ment er rat ic es tab lish hys ter ic in ces sant in clem ent in cum bent in hab it in sip id in trin sic in val id ma lig nant mo nas tic noc tur nal pa cif ic pe dant ic po lem ic pre cept or pre tend er pro hib it prolific-
pu is sant re dimd ant re fresh ment relinquish re luct ant re mem ber re plen ish re plev in re pug nant re pub lish romantic se ques ter spe cif ic sur ren der to bac CO trans cend ent trans gress or tri umph ant um brelja a bol ish ac com plish- ad mon ish as ton ish de moi ish di^ ^olv ent im mod est im mor tal im pos tor im prop er in con stant in sol vent im mor al un god ly
An Easy Standard of Pronunciation 2^ TABLE VIII. Easy ivords of three syllables^ accented on the frst and third.
AL a mode dev o tee dis a gree dis es teem dom i neer imr ma ture im por tune in com mode in t'er cede in tro duce mis ap ply- mis be have .
o ver taive rec on cile ref u gee su per sede su per scribe vol un teer un der mhie ap pre hend con de scend con tra diet dis pos sess in di rect
in cor rect in ter mix o \'er run o ver turn rec oi lect rec om mend rep re hend su per add un der stand un der sell dis con cern' dis con nect
TABLE IX.
Easy njdords of four syllables^ the full accent on the firsts and the half accent on the third.
Lumi na ry mo ment a ry nu ga to ry bre vi a ry lo cu ra cy »c cri mo ny ad mi ral ty ad ver sa ry al i mo ny alle go ry- cer e mo ny cus tom a ry del i ca cy dif fi cult y
dil a to ry ep i lep sy em.is sa ry ig no min y in ti ma cy in tri ca. cy in vent o ry man da to ry mat ri mo ny mer ce na ry mis eel la ny - mil i ta ry pat ri mo ny plan et a ry C2
preb end a ry pref a to ry pur ga to ry sal u ta ry sane tu a ry sec re ta ry sed en ta ry Stat u a ry sump tu a ry ter ri to ry , tes ti mo ny trib u ta ry per emp to ry > sub lu naxy>
^ J An Easj Standard of Pronunciatwn, c6n tro ver sy prom on to ry con tu ma cy men as te ry vol iin ta ry con tu me ly ob sti na cy ob du ra cy drom e da ry prom is so ry com ment a ry com mis sa ry
The words het-e'ro~dox,lin-e-a-ment, pat-ri-ot-wm, sep-tu-a-gint, have the full accent on the first syllable, aud the half accent on the
last.
TABLE X.
Easy war as of Jour syllables accented on the second.
ob scu ri ty ob tain a h\e pro pri e ty se cu ri ty so bri e ty
A e ri al an nu i ty ar mo ri al cen tu ri on col le gi al
com mu nic ant va cu i ty com mu ni ty va ri e ty con gru i ty ab surd i ty
con nu bi al cor po re al ere du li ty cri te ri on e le gi ac fu tu ri ty
ac tiv 1 ty ac cess a ry ac cess o ry ad min is ter ad vers i ty a dul te ry
gram ma r i an af fin i ty gra tu i ty a nal o gy
his to n an Xi bra ri an ma te ri al ma tu ri ty me mo ri al mer cu ri al
a nat o my an tag o nist ar til le ry a vid i ty bar bar i ty brutal Lty
©Ut rage diss ly ea lam i ty
cap tiv 1 ty ce lib a cy ci vil i ty cli mac ter ic CO in cid ent col lat e ral cam par is on com pet it or com pui so ry conjee tur al con spir a cy con stit u ent de cliv i ty de Iin quen cj, de prav i ty di am e ter dis par i ty di vin i ty effect u al e lee trie al em p}T c al c pis CO pal e pit o me
An Easy Standard of Pronunciation.
e qulv a lent ho bil i ty ve nal i ty
nil mer ic al om nip o tent par tic II lar per pet u al po lit ic al po lyg a my pos-ter i ty pre cip it ant pre die a ment pro fund i ty pros per i ty ra pid i ty re cip ro cal re pub lie an sab bat ic al sa tan ic al scur ril i ty se ver i ty sig nif ic ant se ren i ty sin cer i ty so lem ni ty su prem a cy ter res tri al
31
e quiv o cal e van gel ist e vent u al fa tal i ty fer til i ty fes tiv i ty fi del i ty for mal i tv fru gal i ty gram mat ic al ha bit u al hos til i ty hu mani ty hu mil ity i den ti ty im mens i ty im ped im ent ju rid ic al le vit ic al Ion gev i ty ma lev o lent ma lig ni ty m'l len ni um mo ral i ty mu nif i cent na tiv i ty ne ces si ty
VI cin 1 ty a p6l o gy a pos ta cy as trol o ^ as tron o my bi og ra phy com mod i ty con com it ant de moc ra cy de spond en cy e con o my ge om e try hy poc ri sy ma jar i ty me trop o lis mi nor i ty mo nop o \y pre dom in ate pri or i ty tau tol o gy . ver bos i ty ad vir si ty di ver si ty e ter ni ty
tran quil li ty hy per bo le ty ran nic al pro verb i al va lid i ty sub serv i ent
TABLE XI.
Easy words of/our syllables; the full accent 07i.
the thirds and the half accent on the firsts An tc ce dent com ment a tor
ap par ra tus me di a tor
S 1 An Easy Standard of Pronunciation^ -
sa cer do tal mem o ran dum^
sii per vi ^or o ri ent al
ac ci dent al or iia rnent aL
ar o mat ic pan e gyr ic
cal i man co pred e ces sor
det ri ment al sri en ti£ ic
en er get ic sys tern at ic
fun da ment al cor res pond ent
in nu en do hor i zon tal
mal e fac tor u ni ver sal
mar^ i fest o un der stand ing
at mos pher ic o ver whelm ing
0^ Having proceeded througk tables, composed of easy woids from one to four syllables, let the learner begin the following tables^ which consist of more difficult words. In these the child will be much assisted by a knowledge of the figures and the use of the Italics.
If the instructor should think it useful to let his pupils read some of the easy lessons, before they have finished spelling, he may di- vide their studies — let them spell one part of tlie day, and read the otber.
|
TABLE XII. |
||||
|
Difficult and |
irregular Monosyllables. |
|||
|
I would recommend Uiis table to be read s |
.ometimes across the page |
|||
|
BAy |
clay |
rail |
flair |
brain |
|
day |
way |
frail |
snail |
chain |
|
hay |
ray |
wail ^ |
laird |
grain |
|
ky |
bray |
|
aid |
slain |
|
say |
stray |
nail |
maid |
train |
|
may |
slay |
trail. |
stair |
rain |
|
pay |
spay . |
bail |
sw^ar |
main |
|
pray |
jail |
ail |
w^ar |
plain |
|
sway |
pail |
hail |
b«ir |
sprain |
|
iray |
sail |
tail |
tC2St |
stain-. |
An Easy Standard of Pronunciation. 33
|
tray- |
change |
squeal |
creed |
|
gay |
strange |
beer |
heed |
|
slay |
blaze |
peer |
n\^ad |
|
play |
be |
deer |
^nead . |
|
hezxdi |
pe« |
ferzr |
reed |
|
date |
se^ |
de(Tr |
bleed |
|
tale |
tta |
hear |
breed |
|
staid |
fie^ |
near |
plead |
|
laid |
ye^ |
rear |
deem |
|
oaid |
ke)^ |
veer |
seem |
|
>raid |
le^p |
drear |
cream |
|
air |
ne^p |
clear |
dream |
|
chair |
re^ |
shear |
stream |
|
fair |
che^ |
steer |
beam |
|
hair |
he^p |
bier |
steam |
|
Dair |
steel |
tier |
seam |
|
ain |
/eneel |
year |
gleam |
|
pain |
ter;'l |
cheer |
scream |
|
stram |
- feci |
heard |
fleam |
|
gain |
keel |
blear |
fream |
|
blain |
de^l |
ear |
ream |
|
drain |
hera |
sear |
team |
|
fain |
mcc-zl |
sme^n- |
least |
|
faint |
peel |
spear |
feast |
|
taint |
reel |
tear |
yeast |
|
saint |
^Q,a\ |
queer |
beast |
|
trait |
ste<^l |
deed |
priest |
|
haste |
ve^^:! |
feed |
east |
|
paste |
weal |
need |
reef |
|
waste |
zed |
weed |
srief |
|
baste |
per^l |
bead |
brief |
|
cl'iaste |
be.^l |
lead |
chief |
|
taste |
ce/'l |
read |
deaf |
|
ti'aipse |
eci |
seed |
leaf |
34 An Easy Standard oj Pronunciation^
|
sheaf |
teat |
sleeve |
leagwe |
sleight |
|
fief |
beak |
grieve |
teagz/e |
brip-At fi^At |
|
lief |
leak |
reeve |
tweag |
|
|
beef |
weak |
leave |
leash |
hVight |
|
plea |
bleak |
lieve |
liege |
{right |
|
flee |
snetrk |
reave |
szege |
fli^Vzt |
|
bee |
speak |
beeves |
dry |
wip-At |
|
deep |
freak |
eaves |
hys |
nuright- |
|
keep |
squeak |
greaves |
fly |
clime |
|
weep |
reek |
freeze |
cry |
r Ayme^ |
|
steep |
cheek |
sneeze |
sky |
kruSt |
|
sleep |
*tyreak |
breeze |
li^ |
clim^ |
|
creep |
fleak |
ea^e |
di<f |
smile |
|
sheep |
screak |
scjueeze |
eye |
stile |
|
fleece |
shriek |
cheese |
bz/y |
gwile |
|
peace |
sleek |
frieze |
try |
mild- |
|
cease |
streak |
please |
fry |
child ' |
|
lease |
seen |
seize |
pi^ |
wild |
|
geese |
bean |
tea^e- |
wry |
bride |
|
niece |
clean |
speech |
hi^/2 |
stride- |
|
piece |
mien |
leach |
mgh |
gz/irle |
|
grease |
queen |
beach |
s^gh |
gwi^e- |
|
crease |
wean |
reach |
by |
fro |
|
meet |
keen |
teach |
fie |
do^ |
|
bleat |
.glean |
screech |
hie |
tOf |
|
cheat |
spleen |
breach |
vie |
fO(? |
|
treat |
dean |
bleach |
Wght |
how |
|
meat |
green |
each |
m\gM |
mow |
|
seat |
quean |
peach |
height- |
to'u; |
|
feat |
yean |
fiend |
mght |
row |
|
beat |
lean |
yield' |
right |
ow^ |
|
neat |
mean |
shield |
^ight |
flo-zw |
|
feet |
heave |
wield |
tight |
glo-zy |
|
eat |
cleave |
field |
^Vkght |
bloiay |
An
|
I Easy Standard of Pronunciation. 3f |
|||
|
ro^st |
loan |
hoarse |
rii^ |
|
co^st |
shown |
so2/rce |
shrew |
|
tOi^St |
old |
coarbQ |
spew |
|
more |
told |
board |
stew |
|
ihur |
cold |
Jioard |
tew |
|
poz/r |
mold |
goi/rd |
yew |
|
clo<?r |
port |
S'irord |
chew |
|
^oor |
fort |
ho/me |
clew |
|
roar |
sport |
oaf |
, ^\ye |
|
boar |
coz/rt |
loaf |
slii^ |
|
hoar |
go^d |
due |
mew |
|
oar |
Io<^d |
trii^ |
cure |
|
sOiTr |
tOi^d |
yon |
pure |
|
oat |
wo^d |
glu^ |
yt?ur |
|
boat |
so^p |
SlI^ |
rude |
|
doat |
Iroze |
dew |
prude |
|
goat |
clo^e |
few |
shrev.d |
|
moat |
pro^e |
nqw |
crude |
|
bloat |
cho^ |
pew |
ieud |
|
^oat |
coach |
fcu |
rZ/tT-m |
|
pke |
poi^ch |
view |
miue |
|
oak |
ro<3:ch |
flew |
bru/\r€ |
|
cro<^k |
bro<7cli |
grew |
U5e |
|
cloke |
fo/ks |
screw |
criu'cc ^ spruce |
|
so^k |
co^x |
brew |
|
|
tone |
foi^m |
blew |
use |
|
o^.t?n |
ro^m |
drew |
juce |
|
known |
com^ |
^iiew |
cnise |
|
gioan |
lo^m |
ci'ew |
slu/cc |
|
blczun |
shorn |
hew |
fruit |
|
flown |
sworn |
strew |
bruft |
|
mcu/n |
mourn |
sl:iew |
su/t |
|
soil;!! |
ftjrc<i |
slew |
mewl |
|
mo^n |
corpse |
blU(? |
Jure |
|
56 Jf |
I Easy Su |
mdard of Pronunciation. |
||
|
jam3 |
check |
d€iye |
skill |
jalt |
|
lam^ |
speck |
\2\\e |
spill |
b02/]t |
|
plaM |
wreck |
gz/ess |
chill |
dolt |
|
lim^ |
meant |
breast |
ditch |
mowh |
|
gaz/nt |
sens^ |
gz/est |
pitch |
co^t |
|
dens^ |
tensd" |
SWCt^Zt |
witch |
dost |
|
htncd' |
bench |
dc^t |
tvvitch |
cM |
|
penc^ |
clench |
stem |
nich^ |
hurl |
|
h-ViCe |
stench |
plile^m |
hing(? |
churl |
|
lapsd- |
quench |
vink |
sing^ |
drum |
|
fiat |
^^•ench |
pink |
cringe |
dum^ |
|
^nat |
'zprench |
cinq?/d' |
fringd" |
crum^ |
|
cash |
drench |
prkni |
tv/ingd* |
numZ' |
|
clash |
fetch |
sMi^m |
glimpse |
plum |
|
^•nash |
sketch |
chip |
sinc(? |
much |
|
strap |
"luretch |
skip |
rinc^ |
such |
|
wrap |
spend |
ship |
wincf |
t^uch |
|
shaft |
friend |
^ strip |
t<?int |
crutch |
|
bled |
blend |
scrip |
brick |
burst |
|
de^^d |
badg^ |
spin |
stick |
stuff |
|
ste^d |
fadg^ |
chin |
kick |
snufF |
|
read |
edg6' |
twin |
wick |
ri?ugh |
|
tre<^d |
hedg^ |
skin |
•quick |
t(?ugh |
|
{P-ad |
wedg^ |
gz/ilt |
spit |
plump |
|
dre<^d |
sledge |
bwilt |
^nit |
stump |
|
'Sprctzd |
ledge |
quilt |
t^vit |
trunip |
|
shred |
sedpfi? |
hulid |
liv^ |
lurch |
|
he^d |
pledge- |
drift |
sirv'^ |
church |
|
cie^:ns^ |
dredge" |
shift |
ridg^ |
}-(?ung |
|
re^liii |
fiedg^t' |
SAvift |
none |
gulf |
|
drum |
bridge- |
twist |
stone |
nymph |
|
deck |
biia'i' |
•eprist |
home |
h^'Xiin |
|
neck |
helve |
risk |
boit |
judg^ |
|
peck |
twelve |
sluill |
colt |
gnidge |
|
Jn |
Easy Stai |
ndmrdof A |
Promnciatwfu 5 |
|
|
drudge |
lost |
sawn |
squaU |
co//gh |
|
trudge |
iost |
bra^vn |
ya^vl |
trough |
|
slirub |
war |
spawn |
awl |
fork |
|
scrub |
fort |
yawn |
had |
cork |
|
bulg^ |
norf |
la/zd |
stall |
hav/k |
|
gurg^ |
imighX |
fra?/d |
small |
ba/k |
|
surg^ |
C2iUg/lt |
broad |
cra^\'l |
wa/k |
|
piirg^ |
hroiight |
cord |
brawl |
ta/k. |
|
plunge |
sought |
lord |
bawl |
cha/k |
|
ciirs^ |
ought |
ward |
ca?^l |
3ta/k |
|
pvirs^ |
ivroiight |
ga//z^ |
drawl |
ca/k |
|
Mw |
iottght |
02dise |
w^art |
da/zb |
|
shaw |
gi-d?at |
^2dLSe |
sort |
bawd |
|
taw |
irdiught |
qSmisc |
short |
waq) |
|
maw |
VJAUght |
torch |
quart |
^vasp |
|
raw |
form |
scorch |
snort |
want |
|
paw |
. storm |
gorg^ |
bald |
sa7/ce |
|
saw |
swarm |
all |
scald |
ba/m |
|
aw^ |
warm |
tail |
orT |
ca/m |
|
^law |
born |
fall |
oft |
pa/m |
|
straw |
corn |
hall |
loft |
psa/m |
|
ilaw |
warn |
gall |
soft |
qua/m |
|
draw |
cors(? |
pail |
cross |
a/ms |
|
chaw |
hoiTi |
ball |
dross |
Ijask |
|
claw |
mom |
call |
moss |
cask |
|
craw |
fawn |
wall |
loss |
ask |
|
haw |
lawn |
mawl |
horsd- |
mafik |
|
jaw |
dawn |
scrawl |
corpse |
task |
|
cost^ |
pawn |
spra'\vl |
dwarf |
ark |
S7
* Perhaps g and a in the words corf, boniy xcarm, Sec. ma/ bs considered as coming more properl/ under the fig-ure 5: B:if the liquids that follow the-.n, have such an efieet in lengtiie»;ng the syU lai>le, ihiix. it appears mors natural to place them imder figure 3. A s'ruiiar remarii apjilies to a in (}(ir.
f Thes^ words, wh«n uneiY'.phatical, gxe necessa?uy short,
D
|
38 An |
Easy Standard of Pronunciation. |
|||
|
bark |
starve |
dazmt |
gap^ |
^ock |
|
dark |
arm |
fiawnt |
earn |
drop |
|
hark |
harm |
ha/mt |
darn |
crop |
|
mark |
charm |
jamit |
bam |
shop |
|
lark |
iarm |
taz/nt |
yarn |
shock |
|
park |
barm |
\2iunt |
bar |
wan |
|
spark |
ast |
cast |
far |
swan |
|
arc' |
cart |
past |
scar |
gon^ |
|
shark |
dart |
last |
spar |
wash |
|
stark |
hart |
vast |
star |
swash |
|
asp |
mart |
blast |
tar |
watch |
|
clasp |
part |
fast |
^zar |
wa^ |
|
hasp |
tart |
mast |
car |
wast |
|
rasp |
start |
mass |
char |
^nob |
|
gasp |
smart |
pass |
jar |
swab |
|
grasp |
chart |
lass |
mar |
wad |
|
hard |
hc-art |
bass |
par |
dodg^ |
|
bard |
staff |
brass |
barb |
lodg(? |
|
card |
chafF |
class |
garb |
bodge |
|
lard |
ha/f |
glass |
cark |
podge |
|
gz/ard |
ca/f |
grass |
marl |
fosse |
|
pard |
laz/gh |
arch |
snarl |
bond |
|
yard |
craft |
march |
chance |
fond |
|
branch |
shaft |
parch |
danc^ |
pond |
|
lanch |
waft |
starch |
prance |
wand |
|
staz/nch |
raft |
harsh |
ianc^ |
strong |
|
hawnch |
drat/ght |
chargi? |
glance |
'surong |
|
blanch |
aft |
Iarg(? |
trance |
botch |
|
crawnch |
haft |
barg^ |
scarf |
scotch |
|
carp |
pant |
farc^ |
last<? |
mosqz/^? |
|
harp |
grant |
parsf |
s^vlip |
blot |
|
sharp |
slant |
ca/v<? |
deck |
ya^t |
|
scarp |
ant |
ha/vd" |
mock |
scoat |
|
"Gfirv^ |
2iunt |
^^he |
clock |
halt |
An Easy Standard of Pronunciation, %^
|
spool |
woo |
roof |
stirp |
|
droop |
proof |
loof |
chirp |
|
scoop |
woof |
soon |
jerk |
|
troop |
loos^ |
hoopt |
perk |
|
loop |
goos^ |
coop |
smerk |
|
SO/ip |
moos^ |
poop |
yerk |
|
groz/p |
spoon |
full |
quirk |
|
hoop* |
roost |
bull |
Aerb |
|
boot |
root |
pull |
verb |
|
coot |
foot |
wool |
fir |
|
hoot |
shoot |
bush |
myrrA |
|
toot |
book |
push |
fern |
|
moot |
cook |
puss i^rl |
e^rn |
|
food |
hook |
y^avn |
|
|
rood |
look |
pe^l |
ie^ni |
|
brood |
took |
skirtj |
stern |
|
mood ' |
brook |
vers(? |
kern |
|
mov^ |
crook |
fierce |
quern |
|
prov^ |
flook |
pferc^ |
scOTch |
|
groove? |
rook |
tferc^ |
perch |
|
noo^e |
shook |
hers^ |
swerv<? |
choo^<?
lo^^
boo^i?
ooz^
Quse
coo
tiuo
do
shotf
loo
* To cry out. :|: Under this figure, in second e.
y Pronounced wun.
croz/p ters^ wert
%vood verg^ son
stood serg^ run
good dirgf ton
hood virg^ won
cow/d vert done
woz//d term on^ ||
sho2//d firm com^
M^olf germ som^
hoof sperm bom^
t Of a cask, the words siirtt &c. i has the souod ct
49 Jn Easy Standard of Pronunciation.
|
clomi^ |
onc^^ |
foil |
brow |
browse. |
|
rAom^ |
monk |
boil |
plow |
spou^f |
|
dirt |
tongz/i? |
coil |
bou^A |
drowse |
|
shirt |
birch |
join |
slou^A |
cloud |
|
ffirt |
spone^ |
coin |
out |
crowd |
|
wcrt |
h^T |
loin |
stout |
loud |
|
girt |
trey |
groin |
©ust |
proud |
|
spilt |
sle^ |
boy |
trout |
shroud' |
|
squirt |
pre^ |
joy |
gout |
bound |
|
kirk |
grey |
toy |
pout |
hound |
|
v/ork |
W'^igh |
coy |
clout |
pound |
|
bird |
tigh |
cloy |
rout |
round |
|
xvord |
ndgh |
b«oy |
shout |
sound |
|
first |
rdgn |
point |
spout |
ground |
|
worst |
vem |
joint |
scout |
wound |
|
wors<? |
fe^^n |
voic^ |
dou^t |
foul |
|
blo^d |
dez^n |
choice |
bout |
owl |
|
fi0(7d |
skein |
moist |
drou^At |
fowl |
|
?ir |
rein |
hoist |
our |
scowl |
|
her |
eight |
joist |
sour |
cowl |
|
stir |
fr tig hi |
noi^^ |
brown |
growl |
|
worm |
vj tight |
quoit |
crown |
howl |
|
world |
strtighi |
t coif |
do\Mi |
bounce |
|
front |
ttte |
quoif |
drown |
ounc^ |
|
rant |
feint |
ou and |
ofufrown |
pounce |
|
wont |
veil |
now |
clo^vn |
flounce |
|
doy^ |
oi and oy cow |
gown |
couch |
|
|
lov^ |
oil |
how |
town |
vouch |
|
«>hoV^ |
spoil |
bow |
hous(? |
slouch |
|
glov^ |
soil |
mow |
lous^ |
pouch |
|
twill |
broil |
SOAV |
mous^ |
goug^ |
|
d\inc^ |
toil |
vow |
dous^ |
lounge |
|
• |
Pronounced |
wunce. |
An Easy Standard of Pronunciation, 4 1
MONOSYLLABLES i^TH.
The following have the first sound of th^ viz, as in thick, thin.
|
Throw |
thoii;! |
hath |
breadth |
bath |
|
truth |
threw |
rath |
filth |
lath |
|
y^uth |
thrice |
pith |
frith |
wrath |
|
sheath |
thrive |
with* |
plinth |
throb |
|
he^ |
throne |
thea |
spilth |
throng |
|
both |
thro^ |
thatch |
thaw |
thong |
|
G^h |
throve |
thill |
cloth |
t6oth |
|
forth |
thing |
thrid |
moth |
ihvougn |
|
foz/rth |
think |
thriU |
broth |
larth |
|
hi^Ath |
thin |
thrush |
sloth |
dearth |
|
three |
thank |
thwak |
troth |
birtli |
|
throat |
thick |
tilth |
north |
girth |
|
theme |
thrift |
with^ |
loth |
mirth |
|
thip-A |
thum^ |
doth , |
thought |
third |
|
thief |
thump |
smith |
thorn |
thirst |
|
faith |
length |
thrust |
froth |
worth |
|
blowth |
strength |
L thrum |
thrall |
m_onth |
|
groTuth |
breath |
thread |
thwart |
thirl |
|
quoth |
death |
stealth |
warmth |
ou |
|
ruth |
health |
thrash |
swath |
south |
|
teeth |
wealth |
depth |
path |
mouth |
|
thane |
threat |
width |
\C20Cth |
drouth |
♦ In this word, tb has its first sound before a cwiscmant, as 'n withstand { and its second sound before a vowel, as in %i.itbcmt, ii:^:j us. But in other compound words, tb generally retains the sou/J of its primitive.
D 2
42 An Easy Standard of Promnciamn.
The following haiie the second sound of th, as in thou.
bhthe
wreath
writhe
sythe
seethe
bre^^the
tlifs
that
* The noun \tet\ has the first sound of th, and the verb to tteth its 5:cond sound. The same is observable of twuth and to trwutb. Tlxis is the reason why these words are found under both heads.
The words m^Mh, moth, cloth, oath, path, svoath, bath, lath, ^ have Tlie first sound of f^ in the singular number, and the second m the pluval.
Examples of the formation of plurals, and other derivatives.
|
ThAne |
teeth^ |
|
thy |
tho^e |
|
bathe |
tithe |
|
lathe |
the«^e |
|
swathe |
though |
|
clothe |
th^e |
|
lOi^the |
hithe |
|
meethe |
lithe |
|
then |
soothe |
|
thus |
thgy |
|
the |
there |
|
them |
their |
|
thence |
ou |
|
than |
thou |
|
booth |
mouth |
|
smooth |
Bay, day, lay,
bays days lays pays
■)ray, prays sway, sways way, ways mail, mails
stain, ^tains brain, brains ch:\in, chains paii#, pains paint, paints claim, claims strait, straits plague, plagues key, keys knave, knaves green, greens yield, yields
1 stride, strides o;uide, ^
smiles
nail, nails sail,- sails weep, weeps seam, seams
lly, Hies
cr}^ cries | guide, guides
dry, dries ! smile,
samts N
heaps
tears
hears
spears
creeds
traits
chiefs
leaks
speaks
sheaves
leaves
polls, souls coals ,
sky,
An Easy skies buy, buys sigh, sigh^ flight, flights light, lights sight, sights life, lives wife, wives knife, knives
Standard of Pronunciation, 45
I toe, toes I bowl, bowls
foe, foes I rogue, rogues
bow, bows 1
glow glows
flow, flows
blow, blows snow, snows hoe, hoes foal, foals'
post, posts
host, hosts
toast, toasts -
coast, coasts
door, doors
floor, floors
oar, oars
TABLE XIII.
Lessons of easy words ^ to teach children to read^ and to know their duty.
Lesson I. NO man may put off* the law of God : My joy is in his law all the day. O may I not go in the way of sin ! Let me not go in the way of ill men, .
IL A bad man is a foe to the law ; , It is his joy to do ill. All men go out of the way. Who can say he has no sin ? .
IIL The way of man is ill. My son do as you ai'e bid : But if you are bid, do no ill. See not my sin, and let me not go to the pit, :
IV. Rest in the Lord, and mind his word. My son, hold fast the law that is good. You must not tell a lie, nor do hurt, We must let no man hurt us.
44 An Easy Standard of Pronunciation.
V.
Do as well as you can, and do no harm. Mark the man that doth well, and do so too. Help such as want help, and be kind. Let your sins past put you in mind to m^nd,
VI.
I will not walk with bad men, that I may not
be cast off with them. I will love the law and keep it. I will walk with the just and do good.
VII.
This life is not long ; but the. life to come has
no end. We must pray for them that hate us. We must l©ve them that love not us. We must do as we likfe to be done tOa .
VIII.
A bad life will make a bad end. He must live well that will die well. , He doth live ill that doth not mend. In time to come we must do no ill. .
IX.
No man can say that he has done no ilL For all men have gone out of the way. There is none that doth good ; no not onej If I have done harm, I must do it no more, ,
X.
Sin will lead us to pain and woe. Love that which is good and shun vice. Hate no man, but love both friends and foes* A bad man can take no rest^ day nor night
An Easy Standard of Pronunctation. 45
XL
He who came to save us, will wash us from all sin ; I will be glad in his name.
A good boy will do all that is just ; he will flee from vice ; he will do good, and walk in the way of life.
Love not the world, nor the things that arc in the world ; for they are sin.
I will not fear v/hat flesh can do to me ; for my trust is in him who made the world :
He is nigh to them that pray to him, and praise his name.
xn.
Be a good child ; mind your book; love your scliool, and strive to learn.
Tell no tales ; call no ill names ; you must not lie, nor swear, nor cheat, nor steal.
Play not with bad boys ; use no ill words at play ; spend your time well ; live in peace, and shun ail strife. This is the way to make good men love you, and save your soui from pain and woe.
xm.
A good child will not He, swear, nor steaL — He will be good at home, and ask to read his book; when he gets up he will wash liis haixds and face clean; he will comb his hair, and make haste to school; he will not play by the way, as bad boys do.
XIV.
When good boys and girls are at school, they will mind their books, and try to learn to spell and read well, and not play in the time of schooL
4S" An Easy Standard of Pronunciation.
W^en they are at church, they will sit, kneel^ or stand still ; and wh(«»n they are at home, will read some good book, that God may bless them. XV.
As for those boys and girls that mind not their books, and love not the church and school, but play with such as tell tales, tell lies, curse, swear and steal, they will come to some bad end, and must be whipt till they mend thei# ways.
|
TABLE XIV. |
' |
||
|
Words of tv)o syllables accented on the first. |
|||
|
1 |
fe^ tur^ |
ni ter |
tai lor |
|
A cr^ |
fe male |
Or2t mC/3l |
trai tor |
|
a pron |
fro luard |
past ry |
Xxta ty |
|
bare foot |
grate ful |
pi (7US |
wea ry |
|
be^st ly |
griev ous |
pet? pl<? |
wo ful |
|
brew er |
^no mon |
plu mag^ |
ji?ri ter |
|
hea^x ty |
hain ous |
pa rent |
wain scot |
|
brok en |
hind most |
pro logw^ |
yeo man |
|
boot swam ho^r y |
quo ta |
ab senee |
|
|
bow sprit |
hu mor |
r/ui barb |
ab bey |
|
brave ry |
jew el |
riii(? |
am pk |
|
ca \Ae |
jucy |
rog// ish |
as/A ma |
|
che^ <?n |
>^iave ry |
re gion |
an ck |
|
dai ly |
^ni^Athoodse<2 son. |
bal ance- |
|
|
dai sy |
li ver |
spri^At ly |
belfry |
|
de^ con |
la bor |
s^fl^ |
bash ful |
|
di^ mond |
le gfon |
stee pk |
bisliLop |
|
do tag^ |
may x)r |
bol ster |
blem ish |
|
eve ning |
me ter |
cokI ter |
blus ter |
|
fa vor |
mi ter |
slave ry |
brim ston<? |
|
l^a vor |
metf s\e^ |
showl der |
brick kib? |
An Easy Standard of Pronunciation. 47
blud geon bel lows bis Quit brit \\c buck ram bus He cam el cap ric^ eap tarn ceii-sur^ chap el chas ten cher ish chim xi€j 'car ry car Yiage cis tern cit y clam or clean ly cred it crev ice crick et crust y crys tal cup hoard. cus torn -crib bag^ cul tur^ coMs m cut kiss dam ao-i^ d£im ask dam 5el
dam ^on dan gl<? dac tyl de/7t or dim pk dis tanc^ dcub \e driv ea dud geon dun ge^n deunk ard dust y ec logw^ en gine en si^ en trails er ror fash ion fam ish fas set fat ten fes ter fer Yiage fid die flag on fi'ec kl^ frus trate fur lough fran chis^ ges tur^ gant let - gin p.e glis ten ■ grand rar
grav el grum bl<? gz/in e2i gud geon hand ful habit has soc hav oc heif er he^v y hin dranc^ hu^ baiid hum bk husk y im ag(f in stanc(? in ward ist mus je^^l oxis ]owc nal
mel on
mer it min gi<? mis tress mis chid-f musk et mu^ lin mus ter mar ri^ge nev er nim h\e pad lock pamph let pen anctf j)es ter phren zy pis mire plan et ple^5 ant pe^5 ant
judg^ ment pin cher^
i^nuck \e ^nap sack Jan guag^ Ian gtior land lord lev el lim it lus ter lunch <fon mad am mal ic^ man g\e mas tiff
prat tie pun ish puz tXc pic tur<? pur chasff prac tice phxh'is ic punch e^ quick en ram bl^ rap id rat tldf reb el
48 An Easy Standard of Pronunciation.
rel ish rig or ri^ ^n riv er riv et ruffle rts in sam pl^ sa/m on satch el scab bard
SC'lS SOYS
tav ern ttmpt er ten ant till ag^ tip pl^ tres pass troub le twink ling trans port
dsiugh ter a?/ tumn fa?^lt y for tress for tune gaf/ dy geor gic gorg^ ous law rel
trim cheon lord ship
ven om ven tur(?
se^^n ni^At vint ag^
step ter spec ter scrib b\e scuf ^e sin ew sim pl^ sin gk step tic smug gle span gk spig ot spit tl<? spin die sup pk suk le star gean sur geon tal ent tal on tan gk tat tie
VIS it
Yis ag^ Yict uals
hatfgk ty mom ing mor tal morr gag^ nmigh ty saw yer
veiig^ ance tor ment
venf son
vin<? yard
wel conid?
wed lock
wick ed
luran gk
wrap per
litres tk
lurist band
we^p on
wid gean
ze^^l ot
zeal ous
zepli yr slaz/f A ter bor der
wa ter saw cy saw cer an s=ii>er barb er brac^ let cart er cham ber craft y char coal flask et gar land gAast ly gar ment harlot har vest
mark et mas ter mar quis par c^l par don par lor part ner pas tur^ ps?ilvci ist scar let slan der al so al way bon lire cob ler clo5 et col league com et com mde con qwer cock swain con duit cop y con trite cof fin doc tr in ilor id fon di(? for^ htad , frol ic fal chfon gTog ram gos lin
CO
T ner jawn dic-^ hogs hejd
Jn Easy Standard of Pronunciation. 45
horn 2Lge spoil dee hon est wan der /ion or wail ton ^Mowl ed^e ^vwc rant hal lo^ squan der
lodg er yon der mod est gloom y mod em wo man mon Straus boo by wool len
nov el nov ic^ prof fer prog ress prom is^ pros pect pros per quad rant quad rate squad ron stop pag^
JDusli el bo som bush y worst ed cush ion bul let bul lock bully bul wark butch er
coop er cuck oo ver mill ver diet ver juce vir tu^ kern el con jur^ cov er cir cuit firkin com pass com fort bor Gugh dirt y gov ern lion ev sov^ refill stir rup skir mish
TABLE XV. Lesson I.
shov el squir rel vir gin wor ship won der nhigh bor
ou coun cil coun er coun ty dou^-^ ty di«ow sj mount am show er fiov/ er bow er pow er ■ oy voy age
)C
THE time will come when we must all laid in the dust.
Keep thy tongue from ill, and thy lips from guile. Let thy words be plain and true to the tnoughts of tiie heart.
He that strives to vex or hurt those tliat sit laext him, is a bad boy, and will meet witli foes let him go where he will ; but he that is kind, and loves to live in peace, will make friends of all that knoAv him.
■-■I
50 An Easy Standard of Pronunciamn.
A clown will not make a bow, nor thank you I when you give him what he wants ; but he that '. is A\'ell bred, will do both.
He that speaks loud in school will not learn his own book well, nor let the rest learn theirs ; but those that make no noise will soon be wise, and gain much love and good will. II.
Shun the boy that tells lies, or speaks bad words; for he would soon bring thee to shame.j
He that does no harm shall gain ^e love or the whole school ; but he that strives to hurt the rest, shall gain their ill will.
He that lies in bed when he should go to school, is not wise; but he that shalces off sleep shall have praise.
He is a fool that does not choose the best boys when he goes to play ; for bad boys will cheat, and lie, and swear, and strive to make ; iiim as bad as themselves.
Slight no man, for you know not how Soon
you may stand in need of his help. '
HI. 1
If you have done ^vrong, own your fault; for he that tells a lie to hide it, makes it worse.
He that tells the truth is a wise child; but he that tells lies, will not be heard when he speaks tlie truth.
When you are at school, make no noise, but keep your seat, and mind your book ; for %vhat you learn will do you good, v»^hen you grow to be a man.
Play no tricks on them tliat sitnext you ; for
An Easy Standard of Pronunciation. 51
^f you do, good boys will shun you as they would I dog that they knew would bite them.
He that nurts you at the same time that I-^e ;alls you xiis friend, is worse than a snake in the ^rass.
Be kind to all men, and hurt not thyself.
A wise child loves to learn his book, but the hoX would choose to play with toys^ IV.
Slctfh keeps such a hold of some boys, that hey lie in bed v/ben they should go to school ; )ut a boy that vvants to be wise will chrive sleep ar from him.
Love him that loves his book, and speaks ^ood Vv'ords, and does no harm : For such a riend may do thee good all tlie days of thy life.
Be kind to all as far as you can ; you kao^7 lot how soon you may want their help ; and he hat has the good will of all that know^ him shall lot want a friend in time of need.
If you w^ant to be good, wise and strong, ead w ith care such books as have been made >y vv^ise and good men ; think of wiiat you read n your spare hours ; be brisk at play, but do iot swear ; and waste not too much of your ime in bed.
TABLE XVI.
IVords oftmio syUahks^ accented on the second. \.z quire affair ap pro^ch a stra_y «
base af fri^At ar rai^ a vail
buje a gainst a ri^e a wake
dzVu a mu^e as si^ a way
52 An Easy Standard of Profwnciaiion,
|
ally |
en crotch |
un ti^ |
a far |
|
aw ry |
€n dear |
un trii<? |
a larm |
|
be h'eve |
en tr^at |
up ri P-At ad joiim |
gz/itar |
|
be Ifef |
ex ci^e |
in graft |
|
|
be n'lgn |
ex po^e |
a byss |
re mark |
|
be siege |
in crejse |
at tack |
sur pass |
|
be low |
in did; |
at tempt |
ca tarrA |
|
be stow |
im pair |
a veng^ |
re gard |
|
bohe<^ |
in fuse |
ad ept |
ap prove |
|
con si^n |
in scribe |
be he^^d |
a mour |
|
com plain |
ma li^ |
be twixt |
bab oon |
|
cam paig-n |
ob tain |
bur lesqw^ |
bas soon |
|
com poje |
o pake |
con tem/z |
be hoove |
|
con di^n |
ob lige |
con tempt |
buf foon |
|
con cise |
per tain |
CO quet |
ca no<? |
|
con ceft |
pre vail |
e nf?ugh |
car toz/ch |
|
con fu^e |
pre scribe |
fi ness^ |
dis prov<f |
|
con strain |
pro poje |
ga zett^ |
a do |
|
de ceive |
pur suft |
gro tesque |
aloof |
|
de ceft |
pro rogwe |
Ear axigue |
e merg^ |
|
de crease |
re ceive |
im mens^ |
im mers<? |
|
de li^At |
re cdpt |
qua drills |
affirm |
|
de pose |
re coz/rse |
so jcurn |
de ^ert |
|
de scribe |
re pair |
be chise |
de str\e |
|
de si^/n |
re po^-e |
a dorn |
above |
|
de ^ire |
re prfeve |
a broad |
a mong |
|
de vi^e |
re straint |
de fraz/d |
be com^ |
|
dis claim |
re mme |
de baz^ch |
be lov^ |
|
dis co?/rse |
re tain |
per form |
con vey |
|
dis may |
re Sign |
re Avard |
sur yey |
|
dis oiun |
sup po^e |
sub orn |
in vdgh |
|
dis play |
tran scribe |
trans form |
oi |
|
dis po^ |
Irani" po^e |
e cla/ |
ap point |
|
m clo^e |
un cloiye |
ad vanc^ |
a noint |
An Easy Standard of Pronunciation. BS
avoid rejoice- compound propound
em broil sub join con found sur mount
en joy dis joint de vour al low
de stroy ou ac count a bound
de coy a mount pro >iiounc^ an nounce?
pur loin a bout re nounc^ ca xqmsc
TABLE^VII.
E:4amples of words derived from their roots or
primiti'ces.
Example I,
Prhn, Ihfw.
grass, grass-y glass, giass-y ice, i-cy frost, frost-y snov/, snow-y fog, fog-g>' wood, wocd-y room, room-y
Example II.
Plural nouns of two syllable, formed from the singular of OEe syUaUe.
brush, bnish-esjhouse, hous-es
Prim. Deriv.
Rain, rain-y rust, rust-y leaf, leaf-y stick, stick-y pith, pith-y length, length- y slight, slight-y storm, storm-y
Prim. Derim.
froth, froth-y drouth, drouth-y
size, si-zy
chill, chiU-y
chalk, chalk-y
down, down-y
gloss, gloss- y
vv^orth, w^or-thy
lace,
face,
pace,
trace,
cage,
page,
nose,
rose,
curse,
purse,
la-ces
fa-ces
pa-ces
tra-ces
ca-ges
pa-ges
no-ses
ro-ses
curs-es
pui:s-es
surge, surg-esi
pri-ces sli-ces
price, slice, spice, spi-ces grace, gra-ces press, press-es
church, church- es box, box-es tierce, tiep-ces verse, vers-es lodge, lodo:-es
dress, dress-esjwatch, watch-es^ maze, ma-zes iish, fish-es horse, hors-es corpse,corps-es»sense, E^2^
noise, nois-e^ voice, voic-es charge, charg-e& sens- eg
54 AfiEasy Siajidard ofPronimciation.
loss, loss-es arch, arch-es cheese, chees-es
cause, caiis-es farce, far-ces course, cours-es Example III.
Wca-ds formed by adding ing to verbs, and called Participlss.
frmge, frin-ges ridge, ridg-es dance, dan-ces
call,
air,
faint,
feel,
see,
beat,
call-ing
air-ing
faint-ing
feel-ing
see-ing
beat-ing
al-lay, al-lay-ing
corn-plain, com-plain-ing al-low, al-low-ins: fin-ish, fin-ish-ing lav-ish, lav-ish-ing glim-mer, glim-mer-ing
Words in which e final is omitted in the dei-ivative.
change,
glance,
praPxCe,
grace,
give,
hedge,
style,
solve,
tri-flc,
ri-fle,
shuf-fle
chang-ing
glanc-ing
pranc-ing
grac-ing
giv-ing
hedg-ing
styl-ing
solv-ing
tri-fiing
ri -fling
shuf- fling
ex-change, ex-chang-ing dis-pose dis-pos-ing gen-er-ate, gen-e-rat-ing con-verse, con-vers-iiig con-vinc-ing op-e-ra-ting dis-solv-ing im-i-tat-ing re-ceiv-ing per-ceiv-ing prac-tic-ing
con-vmce
op-e-rate,
dis- solve,
im-i-tate,
re-ceive,
per-ceive,
prac-tice.
Example. IV.
The manner of expressing degrees of comparison in qualities, b] adding er and est, or r and st; called Positive, Comparative, am Superlative.
' ~ Superl. Fos. Camp. Superl.
wise, wis-er, wis-est
Pos. Comp
gi-eat, great-er, great-est kind, kind-er, kind-est bold, bold-er, rich, rich-cr, near, near-er, cold, cold-er.
ripe, np-er, ri^vest rare, rar-er, rar-est grave , grav- er, grav- est chaste, chast-er,chast-es brave, brav-er, brav-est wanii,warm«€"rwarni-est|vile, vil-er, vil-est
bold- est rich-est near-est cold- est
An Easy Standard of Pronunciation. 55 Examples V.
Words ending in tsb, ex^jressing a degree of quality less than the positive.
red-dish, red, red-der, red-dest
browR-ish, brown, brown-er, brown-est
whi-tish, white, whi-ter, whit-est
green-ish, green, green-er, green-est
black-ish, black, black-er, black-est
blu-ish, bkie, biu-er, bki-est
yel-low-ish, yel-low, yel-low-er, yel-low-est Example VL
Formation of verbs in the thi ee persons. Present Time. Sin^lar number. Plural.
12 3
I love, thou lovest ') he loveth ^ 1 We love
you iove, 3 ^^ loves, / 2 ye or you love she loves l 3 they love it loves, ^
I grant, thou grantest, ^ he granteth, \ We graixt you grant, 3 ^^ grants, f ye or you she grants, C grant it grants, ^ they grant
Past Time.
I loved, thou lovedst 1 he loved, ^ We loved
you loved, 5 she loved > ye or you loved it loved, ) they loved
TABLE XVIII.
Familiar Lessons,
A Dog growls and barks ; a cat mev/s and
purrs ; a cock crows ; a hen clucks and cackjes;
a bird chirps and sings ; an ox lows ; a bull
bellows ; a lion roars ; a horse neighs ; an ass
56 An Easy Standard of Fronunciation. brays ; a whale spouts. Birds fly in the air by the help of wings; snakes crawl on the earth without feet ; fishes swim in ^vater, by means of fins ; beasts have feet, with hoofs or claws, to walk or run on land. <
All animals are fitted for certain modes of ■ living. The birds which feed on flesh, have strong claws, to catch and hold small animals, and a hooked bill to tear the flesh in pieces ; such is the vulture and the hawk. Fowls which feed on insects and grain, have mostly a short strait bill, like the robin. Those which live on fish, have long legs for wading, or long bills for seizing and holding their prey, like the heron and fish liawk. Fowls which delight chiefly to fly in the air, and light and build nests on the trees, have their toes divided , by which they cling to the branches and twigs ; those which live in and about water have web- bed feet, that is, their toes united by a film or skin, so that their feet serve as oars or paddles for swimming. *
See the dog, the cat, tlie wolf, the lion, the panther and catamount ; what sharp claws and pointed teeth they have, to seize little animals, and tear them in pieces ! But see the gentle cow and ox, and timid fheep — these useful an- imals are made for man, — they have no claws, nor sharp teeth, — they have only blunt teeth in the under jaw, fitted to crop the grass of the field: — they feed in quiet, and come at the call of man. Oxen submit to the yoke, and plow the field, or draw the cart ; — the cow returns home at eveningj to fill the farmer's pails with
A?i Easy Standard of Pronunciation. 57 milk, the wholesome food of men; — and tlie sheep yields her yearly fleece, to furnish uswitli warm garments.
Heniy, tell me the number of days in ayear. Three hundred and sixty five. — How many weeks in a year? Fifty two. — How many days in a week ? Seven. — What are they called ? Sunday, Monday, Tuesday , Wednesday, Thurs- day, Friday, Saturday : Sunday is the Sabbath, or day of rest, and called the Lord's day, being devoted to religious duties. — How many hours are there in a day? Tvv^entyfour. — How many minutes in an hour ? Sixty, ai-id sixty seconds in a minute. Tim^e is measured by clocks and watches, dials and glasses. The light of the sun makes the day, and the shade of the earth makes the night. The eai'th is round, and rolls round firom west to east once in twenty four hours. The day time is for labor, and tlie night for sleep and repose. Children shouki go to bed early.
Charles, how is the year divided? Into
months and seasons. How many are the
months? Twelve calendar months, and nearly thirteen lunar months What are the names of the calendar months? January, February, Mai'ch, April, INIay, June, July, August, Sep- tember, October, November, December. Jan- uary begins the year, and the first day of that month is called New Year's day. Then people express to each other their good wishes, and little boys and girls expect gifts of liitle bocks, toys and plums. — What is the lunar month ? It is the time from one change of the moon to
SS An Easy Standard of Pronunciation. anotlier, which is about twenty nine days, and a half.
John, what are the seasons? Spring, summer, autumn or fall, and winter. The spring is so called from the springing or first shooting of the plants: when they put forth leaves and blossoms, an nature is decked with bloom, and perfumed with fragrant odors. The spring months are March, April and May. The summer months ar£ June, July and August, when the sun pours his heating rays on the earth, the trees are clo- thed with leaves and fruit, and the ground is covered with herbage. The autumnal months are September, October and Novem.ber; which are also called/^//, from th^fall of the leaves. Now the fruits are gathered, the verdure of the plants decays ; the leaves of the forest turn red or yellow, and fall from the trees, and nature is stripped of her verdant robes. Then comes dreary winter. In December, January and Fe- bruar}^, frost binds the earth in chains, and spreads an icy bridge over rivers and lakes: the snow, with her white mantle, enwraps the earth; no birds fill the air with the music of their notes; the beasts stand shivering in the stall : and men croud around the fire-side, or wrap, ped in wool and fur, prepare to meet the chil- ling blast.
ADVICE.
Prefer solid sense to vaiii wit ; study to be useful ra- ther than diverting ; commend and respect nothing so muck as true pietjr and virtue — Let no jestintrude to vio- late ijood maimers j n^ever utter what may offend the chastest ear.
An Easy Standard of Pronunciation, 5 9
TABLE XIX.
fTords of three syllablesy the full accent on the firsts and the half accent on the third.
Note. In half accented terminations, ofe, ude, ure, ize, ute, ise, ule, ug€, ide, the vowel has its tirst so«nd generally, thoug^h not dwelt upon so long, or pronounced with so much force a^ in the full ac- cented syllables. But in the terminations ice, ive. He, the vowd has generally its second sound, and the final e is superfluous, or ©nly softens c ; as notice, relative, juveiule, — pronounced notis, relativ, juvenil. In the former case, the final e is in Roman; and in the latter case, in Italic.
Di a phra^-in pku ri sy du pli cate qui et ude
di a lo^ue aid de camp € go ti^m fa vor it^ for ci h\e fre quen cy fu gi tiv^ fQa SI h\e glo ri ous he ro i,?m ju bi lee ju ve nik live li hood lu bri cate lu era tiv^ lu die rous lu mill ous ni^At in gale nu mer ons o di ous pre vi ous pa gan i^ra
rhew ma ti^m ru mnl ate scni pu bus se ri OMS spu ri ons su i cide suit a h\e va ri (?us u ni form u ^u ry id jec tiv^ ag gi'a A^ate an a pest an im ate ap pe tite al ti tude ab die ate ac cu rate ad e quate ac tu ate ag o nize al ge bra
am or ovis an ec dote an ti quate ap ti tude an o d}Tie ap er ture as y lum bev e rage blun der buss cat a \ogue cal cu late can did ate can die stick car a way eel e brate cri't i ci^m cim e tar court e sy cul tiv ate dec alogatf dec o rate ded ic ate def in it^ del ^ gate
60 An Easy dem on strate der o gate des o late des po tism. des pe rate des ti tute dem a gog«^ ep aw lette ep i lo^ue el o quench el e ^^ate em pha sis em u lows en ter prize en vi ous ep i cure es tim at-e ex eel lenc^ fas cin ate fab u bus feb ri fuge flue tu ate fur be low gen er o\xs gen tl<? man ^Qii u in^ gi'ad u ate gran a ry hem i sphere hes it ate hand ker clil^f hur ri cane hyp o crit^ im ag^ ry
Standard ofPr
im pi ous in fa TCions in stig ate in sti tute in tim ate je^I d?us y je(?p ar dy jes samin^ las &i tude lat i tude lib er tin^ lit ig ate mack er el mag ni tude man u script mas sa cr^ med i cin^ med it ate mis chfev ous met a phor mus^ mel on novLT ish ment ped a gogw^ pal li ate pal pa bb pd pit ate par a bb par a dise par a di^m par a phra^<i par a si^e par ent age par ox i.ym par ri cide
onunciatton* pen te coet per qui^ ite phy^ ic al plen i tude pres byt er pre^ id ent pri^ on er priv i leg(? quer u bus par a sol ral le ry ran cor ons rap tur ons rav en ous rec ti tude rel a txve ren o vate re qui^ it^ ren dez vous rep ro bate re5 i denc^ re^ i du^ ret i nu^ rev er enc<? rev er end r/zap so dy rAet o ric rid i cule sac ri fice sac ri leg^ sal iv ate sas sa fras sat ir ize scav en ger
An Easy sens i bl^ Sep a rate ser a phim staf/t hold er stim u late stip u late stren u ous sub ju gate sub se quent sub sti tute s}^n a gogue sim i le seep ti cism syn CO pe sur ro gate syc o phant syl lo gi^m tan ta lize tan ta mount tel e scope ten a bl^ tim o YOMS tre<2ch er o\x^ trip lie ate tur pi tude vas sal age vin die ate bil let doux fniz/d u lent cor di al cor po ral for feit ure for ti tude for tu nate
Standard of Pronunciation, la/^ da bid- crock e ry
61
pla// ^i bk
por phy ry
arch i tect
ar gu ment
ar ma ment
ar ti fic^
bay o net
bcir ba ri^m
bar ba rous
car din al
car pen ter
chan eel lor
chan ce ry
g7/ar di an
g/zast ii ness
lar ce ny
mar gin al
mas quer ade
par ti Sim
phar ma cy
par lia ment
rasp ber r}'-
al der man
al ma nac
bot a ny
col lo quy
com pli ment
com plai ^anc^ roq zie laur
con sti tute torn a hawk
hor i zon Ion gi tude nom-in ate ob lig ate ob lo quy ob sta ck ob stin ate ob vi ons om in ^us op e rate op po site or i fic^ ^ prob a bk . pop u bus poj i live pot en tate prof li gate proph e cy quar an tin pros e cute por rin ger pros per o\i& pros ti tute sol e ci^-m sol i tude soph i's try vol a tile
con tem plate com pen sate con fis cate cor o ner F
per se cute per son age prin ci pl^ serv i tude
62 -dn Easy Starirlard of Pronunciation*
ter min ate €om pa ny roy alty firm a ment Com^ li ness cu
mir a ck gov ern or coim sel lor
circular governess counterfeit
cir cum stance oi ' coun te nance
cir Gum spect poig nan cy boun ti ful
TABLE XX.
Lesson I. MY son, hear the counsel of thy father, and iorsake not the law of thy mother.
If sinners entice thee to sin, consent thou not.
Walk not in the way vrith them ; refrain thy feet from their path, for their feet run to evil, and make j haste to shed blood,
IL
Be not wise in thine own eyes ; but be humble.
Let truth only proceed from thy m&uth. — De- spise not the poor, because he is poor ; but honor him who is honest and just. Envy not the rich, but be content with thy fortune. Follow peace with all men, and let w^isdom direct thy steps. III.
Happy is the man that findeth wisdom. She is of more value than rubies. Length of days is in her right hand, and in her left hand, riches and honor. Her ways are pleasant, and all her pathg are peace. Exalt her and she shall promote thee : "She shall bring thee to honor, when thou dost em- brace her.
IF.
The ways of virtue are pleas-ant, and lead tc life ; but they v/ho hate wisdom, love death. There fore pursue the paths of virtue and peace, ther safety and glory will be thy reward. All my ^e light is upon the saints that are in the earth, aiic .upon such as excel in virtue.
63
An Easy Standard of Pronunciation, TABLE XXL
Words of three syllables, accented on the second
A chihv meiit ac quaint anc^ ap pr^i^ er a-r rear age bias phe mer con ta g/on oon ta g/ous cor ro siv(? c^ur age ous de ce/t ful de ci siv^ dif fu sivf in qui ry e gre gmis en li^At en o bei sanc<? out rage ous pro ce dur^ po ta to^ so no reus mus ke to/? a brfdgd" ment ac /^noiyl edg^ ad ven tur^ af fran chi^e g grand ize dis fran chi.^e ap pren tic<? au turn nal bis sex tik com pul siv^ cur mud gef?n
con jec tur^ con vuls ive de ben tur^ de feet iv^ dis conr ag^ dis par ag<; di^ ^em bk cf ful gent en tan gk ex cul pate gym nas tic ef feet ive em bez zk en d^av or ex cess ive ex pens iv^ ex press iv^ ex tens iv^ ex cheq 2/er es cutch ton ho ^an na il ius trate i am bus in cen tiv^ in cul cate in dent ur^ in jus tic^ in vec tiy<? lieu ten ant mo ment oiis of fens ive op press ive
mis ^vis ion pneii mat ics ' pre ^ump tiv€' pro due tiv<? pro gres sivc re pills ive re ten tive* re veng(? f^ r/ieii mat ic stu pend ows sub mis sivc ab or me in dorsf? ment im port rjice ini pos tur;? per form vcace re cord er . mis for tune ad van tage a part ment dc part ment Qis as ter em bar go a pos lie re mon strate sub al teni ac cou^ ter ma neu ver al t^rn ate de ter min re he^rs al sub vers ive
64 jin Easy Standard of Pronunciatioju
TJie follovi'mg are accented on the first and third
syllables,
Ap per tain con nois sc^ur em bra ^ure
ad ver ti^e dis ap per7r ac qui est^f
2& cer tain en ter tain co a les^^
con tra vene gaz et teer mai^ con tent
can nonadc deb o nair coun ter mdnd
TABLE XXII.
Words not exceeding three syllables^ divided* Lessqn I.
THE wick-ed flee when no man pur-su-eth; but tile right-e-ous are as bold as a li-on.
Vir-tue ex-alt-eth a na-tion; but sin is a reproach to a-ny peo-ple.
The law of the wise is a foun-tain af Kfe to de- part from the snares of death.
Wealth got-ten by de-ceit, is soon wast-ed ; but he that gath-er-eth by ia-bor, shall in-crease in rich-es.
//.
I-dle-ness will bring thee to pov-er-ty ; but by m-dus-try and pru-dence fhou shalt be fill-ed with bread.
Wealth rnak-eth ma-ny friends ; but the poor are for-got-ten by their neigh-bors.
A pru-dent man fore-seeth the e-vil, and hid-eth him-self ; but the thought-less pass on and are punished.
III.
Train up a child in the way he should go, and when he is old he will not de-part from it.
Where there is no wood the fire go-eth out, and where there is no tat-ler the strife ceas-eth.
A word fit-ly spok-en is like ap-ples of gold in ' pic-tures of sit-ver.
An Easy SlarJard of Pronunciation . 6 5
He that cov-e.r-eth his sins shall not prqs-per, but he that con-fess-eth'and for-sak-eth them shall find mer-cy.
IV.
The rod and re-proof give wis-dom ; but a child left to him-self bring-eth his pa-rents to shanie.
Cor-rect thy son, and he will give thee rest ; yea ke will give thee de-light to thy soul.
A man's pride sliali bring him low ; but hon-or shall up-hold the hum-ble i>n spir-it.
The eye that mock-eth at his fath-er, and scorn- eth to o-bey his moth-er, the ra-vens of the val-ley shall pick it out, and the young ea-gles shall eat it.
V.
By the bless-ing of the up-right, the city is ex- alt-ed, but it is o-ver-thro\\Ti by the mouth of the wick-ed
Where no coun-sel is, the peo-ple fall ; but in the midst of coun-sel-lors there is safe-t)'.
The wis-dom of the prudent is to un-der-stand his way, but the fol-ly of fools is de-ceit.
A wise man fear-eth and de^pait-tth from e-vil j but the fool rag-eth and is con-fi-dent. '
Be nottiast-y in thy spir-it to be angry; for aj>- ger rest-eth in the bo-som of fools^
TABLE^XIIL
Words offoursyllahlt'S^ acccraed on thejlr<:\ 2 des pi ca bk mij^ er a bit-
Ad mi ra bk el i gi bh nav i ga bk
ac cu rate ly es ti ma bLf pal li a tiv^ am i ca b\e * ex pli ca the pit i a bl^ ap pli ca bl^ fig u ra tiv^ pref er a bl^ ar ro gant ly lam ent a bb ref er a b.^ cred it a bl? lit er a ture rev o ca bl^ erim in ai ly mar ri^g^ a hie sump tu ous ly F 2
66 An Easy Standard of Pronnnciation*
spec u la tiv^ a mi a bk. com mon al ty
suf fer a bk ju di ca tare nom in a twc
tern per a ture va ri a h\e op er a tiv^
val u a h\e hos pit a h\e prof it a bk
veil cr a h\e for mid a h\e tol er a h\e
vul ner a bk ^n swer a bk cop u la tiv^
The foUoivmg have the half accent on the third 2 syllable,
Ag ri cul turf tab er ha ck arch i tect ur^ ail ti qua ry trail sit o ry ar bi tra ry ap o plex y at/ dit o ry par si mo ny
TABLE XXIV.
fFbrds of four syllables; the full accent on the. second^ and half accent on the fourth.
Note. The terminations fy, ry, and ly^ have very little accent.
Ad vi 5a bk iiii me di ate vie to ri f?us ac cu mu late im pe ri (?us vo lu min <?us ap pro pri ate im pla cabk ux o ri ous an ni hi late in tu i tiv^ as par a gus
a me na bk ia bo ri ous ac eel er ate ab bre vi ate me lo di (?us ad mis si bk al le vi ate mys te ri f?us ad venturous,
cen so ri cus no to ri ous a dul ter ate com mo di cus ob se qui ous ac cept a bk com mu ni cate op pro bri cois aggrandizement con cu pis cenc<f pe nu ri ous disfranchisement com pa ra bk pre ca ri (?us anf big u ous de plo ra bk sa lu bri o\x% am phib i (?us dis pu ta bk spon ta ne ous a nal y sis er ro ne (7us ter ra que ous ar tic u late \m HK) ni eus vi ca ri ous as sas sin gte
\
An Easy Standard of Pronunciation. 67
^e at i tude im pet u ons e nor mi ty
ZB. lum ni ate industri ons sub or din ate
ca pit u late in gen u oms a bom in ate
cer tif i cate in qui^ i tive ac com mo date
ca tas tro phe in vid i ons a non y mous
CO ag u late in vin ci h\e a poc a lyps^
com bus ti h\e in vi^ i h\e a poc ry pha
com mem o rateper iid i o\\% a pos tro phe
com mis er ate per spic u ous cor rob o rate
com par a tiv^ pre die a ment de nom in ate
com pat i h\e per plex i ty de mon stra hie com pend i ons pro mis cu ons de pop u late
con grat u late pa rish on er dis con so late
con spic u ous re cep ta oXe pre pos ter ous
con templative-ri die u bus pre rog a tiv^
con tempt i h\e si mil i tude re spons i bl^
con tig u QMS sus cep ti bk ad m!s si bl^
de fin i tiv^ tem pest u ons con vers a h\c
de lib er ate tu mult u ous re vers i bk
de riv a tiv^ vi cis si tude su per fiu ons
di min u tiv^ vo cif er ons su per la tiv^
e phem e ris- vo iup tu ons pre serv a tivtf
e piph a ny u nan im ons ac com pa ny
fa cil it ate de baz/ch e ry dis cov er y fa nat i ci^m con form i ty oi
il lus tri ons de form i ty em.broi<l er y
TABLE XXV.
THERE are five states of human life, infancy, ehildhoodj youth, manhood, and old age. The in- fant is helpless ; he is nourished with milk^- when he has teeth, he begins to eat bread, meat, and fruit, and is very fond of cakes and plums. The litde boy c-huses some plaything that will make a noise, a hammer, a stick, or a whip. The little girl
66 An Easy Standard of Pronunciation. loves her doll andlearns to dress.it. She chuses a. closet for her baby-house, where she sets her doll in a little chair, by the side of a table, furnished with tea-cups as big as a thimble.
As soon as boys are large enough, they run away from home, grow fond of play, climb trees to rob birds' nests, tear their clothes, and when they come home, their parents often chastise them* — O hov/ the rod makes their legs smart. -These are naught}' boys, who love play better than their books — cruel i boys, who rob the birds of their eggs, — ^poor little birds which do no harm, which fill the air with the sweet melody of their notes, and do much good by devouring the worms, and other insects, which destroy the fruits and herbage.
Chai'les, how many barley corns make an inch I Three. — How many inches are in u foot ? Twelve. —How many feet in a yard ? Thret:.— How many yards in a rod, perch, or pole ? Five and a half.— How many rods in a mile ? Three hundred and twenty. -7— Ho v/ many rods in a furlong ? Forty.^ How many furlongs in a mile? Eight. — How many miles in a league ? Three. — How many lines in a^n inch ? Tweive.^ — What is a cubit ? The length of the arm frt^m the eibo\v to the end of the longest finger, which is about eighteen inches. A fathom ' is the distance of the ends of a man's fingers, when, the arms are extended, which is about six feet.
Henry, tell me the gills in a pint. Fouro Two pints make a quart, four quarts make a gallon. Barrels are cf various sizes ; some contain no more than twenty seven gallons, some thirty, or thirty two, others diirty six. A hogshead con- tains sixty three gallons ; but we usually call pun» cl^eons by the name of hogsheads, and these hold about one hundred and ten gallons* A pipe con- tains two hogsheads, or four barrels, or ^out one ^.undred and twenty galloiis.
An Easy Standard of Pronunciation. 69
TABLE XXVI.
JVords of Jive syllables ; the full accent on the
second.
Co tem_ po ra ry de clam a to ly de fam a to ry dis pens a to ry € lee tu a ry e pis to la ry ex clam a to ry ex plaa a to ry ex tem po ra ry be red it a ry in cen di a ry in fiam ma to ry pre lim i na ry com mu ni ca bl<? com mu ni ca tiv^ in vi o la bk per spi ra to ry de gen er a cy con fed er a cy eon sid er a bl^
pre par a to ry pi'o hib it o ry re jid u a ry tu mult u a ry VG cab u la ry vo lup tu a ry con sol a to ry de po5 it G ry de rog a to ry in vol un ta ry re po^ it o ry ob ^erv a to ry de lib er a tivf ef fem in a cy in suf fer a h\e. in dis so lu bl<? in vul ner a bltf in vet er a cy in ter min a \Ae in tem per ate ly
TABLE XXVIL WILLIAM, tell me how many mills make a cent ? Ten. — How many cents a dime l Ten.— Tell me the other coins of the United States. Ten dimes make a dollar, ten dollars an eagle, which is a gold coin, and the largest which is coined in the United States. Dimes and dollars are silver coins. Gents are copper coins. These are new species of
70 ^n Easy Standard of Pronunciation.
coin — What is the ancient manner of reckoning mO"- ney ? By pbunds, shillings, pence and farthings. Four farthings make a penny, tAvelve pence a shil- ling, and twenty shillings a pound.
William loves fruit. See him picking strawber- ries— b4-ing him a basket — ^lethim put the berries in a basket — and cany them to his mamma and sis- ters. Little boys should be kind and generous— they should always carry some fruit home for their friends. Observe the cherry trees — see, how .they begin to redden — in a few da}'s, the cherries will be ripe, the honey-hearts, the black-hearts, and ox- hearts, how sweet they are. You must not eat too many, and make yourself sick. Fill your basket : with cherries and give them to your little friends.
Now see the pears. The harvest pear, how yellow* It is ripe, let me pick and eat it. The sugar pear, how plump and soft it is ; and what a beautiful red covers one side of it. See the Catherine pear, and thevergaloo, how rich, jucy, and delicious. But the peach — ^how it exceeds all fruit in its delicious fla- vor; what can equal its fragi*ance, and how it melts upon the tongue. The nutmeg, the rare-ripe with its blushing cheek, the whit'=i cling-stone with its cri^n son tints — and the lemon cllng-stone with its golden hue, and all the varieties of the free stones." Such are the rich bounties of nature, bestowed on man to please his taste, preserve his health, and draw his grateful heart towards the 'Author of his happiness.
REMARKS.
A wise man will consider, not so much the present pleasure and advantage of a measure, as its future con- sequences.
Sudden asid violent passions are seldom durable.
An Easy Standard of Pronunciation, TABLE XXVIII.
71
f Fords ofJi*i)e syllables accented on thefivst and third.
Am bi gu i ty con ti gu i ty con tra ri e ty die ta to ri al ep i cu re an im por til ni ty no to ri e ty op por tu ni ty per pe tu i ty per spi cu i ty pres By te ri an pri mo ge ni al su per flu i ty tes ti mo ni al ac a dem ic al af fa bil i ty al pha bet ic al an a lyt ic al ar gu ment a tiv<? mon o syl la h\e plau s'\ bil i ty pol y syl la hie pop ular i ty pos si bil i ty pri mo gen i turc prin ci pal i ty prob a bil i ty prod i gcJ i ty punc tu al i ty j)u sil lau im (?us
reg u lar i ty rep re hen si hie rep re sen ta tiv^ sat is fac to ry sen si bil i ty sen su al i ty sim i lar i ty sin gii lar i ty tes ta ment a ry cir cum am bi ent com pre hen si h\e con san guin i ty con tra diet o ry cred i bii i ty di a met ric al e le ment a ry ep i dem ic al e van gel ic al fal li bil i ty gen e al o gy hos pi tal i ty il le git im ate im per cep ti bk in tel lect u al in tro due to ry in tre pid i ty ir re ^ist i bi^ mag na nim i ty met a phy^ ic al an a torn ic al
72 An Easy Standard of Pronunciation.
ail i mos i ty in ter rog a tiv^
apos tol ic al met a phor ic al
ar is toe ra cy pe ri od ic al
as tro nom ic al phi lo soph ic al
cat e gor ic al phy^ i og no my
cu ri OS i ty ' phy^^ i ol o gy
di a bol ic al trig o nom c try
€t y mol o gy u ni form i ty
gen e ros i ty u ni vers i ty
e qui pen der ant em blem at ic al
in dis soiv a h\e ge o graph ic al
TABLE XXIX. Lesson /.
BE not anxious for your life, what ye shall eat, or what ye shall drink ; nor for your body, what ye shall put on; for your heavenly Father knoweth that ye have need of these things.
Behold the fowls of the uir : For they sow not, neither do they reap, nor gather into bams ; yet your heavenly Father feecleth them.
Consider the lilies of the (ieicl, how they grow ; they toil not, neither do they spin ; and yet Solo- mon in all his glory, was not airayed like one of these.
IT.
Therefore be not anxious for the good thin^ of this life, but seek first the kingdom of heaven and its righteousness, and all these things shall be ad- ded to you.
Ask and it shall be given unto 3rou : Seek and ye shall find : Knock, and it shall be opened.
Love your enemies ; bless them that curse you ; do good unto them that hate you ; and pray for diem that scornfully use you and persecute }ou.
An Easy Standard of Pronunciation. 73
III,
When thou prayest, be not as the h\i-)ocrites, who love to pray standing in the synagogues, and in the streets, that they may be seen of men : But when thou prayest, enter into thy closet, and when thou hast shut thy door, pray to thy Father who is in secret, and thy Father who seeth in secret shall reward thee openly.
IF,
Lay not up for yourselves treasures on earth, where moth and rust doth corrupt, and where thieves break through and steal ; but lay up for yourselves treasures in heaven, where neither moth nor rust doth corrupt, and v/here thieves do not break through and steal : For v/here your treasure is, there will your heart be also.
Our Savior^s Golden Rule, ALL things which you would have men do t© you, do ye the same to them ; for this is th« law and the prophets.
TABLE XXX.
In the following words tior., tian, tial and tier, are prontimced cbun, cbal, cbur.
•C(\i/rtier fustian oom bus tion
Ms tion mix tion di ges tion
Christ ian ce lis tiai ad mix tiosi
And in all words where t is preceded by $ or x. ^ In all other w ords tion is pronounced simn ; as are also aV//}, c-"an, tion. Thus, ttpition, coercion, halcyon, mansion, are pronounced mosbun, coeribun^ baisbun, inamhun. Cial is pron-uur.ced sbal.
Words oft'CDo syllables accented on the first. Mo tion por tion sta tion
na tion po tion Jc tion
ou tion ra tion die tion
G
74 An Easy Standard of Pronundaiim.
fac tion men tion ses sion
He tion mis sion ten sion
fraction passion unction
fric tion pen sion hic tion
fimc tion sane tion 6^ tion
mansion section version
Words ofthi Ces sa tion com mo tion de vo tion plant a tion pol lu tion pro por tion re la tion sal va tion £ du ciai ad mis sion af fee tion ^ flic tion as cen sion as sumj& tioii at ten tion col lee tion
-ee syllables accented on the second. com mis sion pro tec tion
com pres sion con fes sion con sump tion con ven ti©n con vie tion cor rec tion de cep tion de scrip tion di rec tion dis tine tion ex cep tion ex pres sion in fiic tioa ob jec tion pro fes sion
pre emp tion re demp tion re flee tion sub jec tion sue ces sion sus pen sion as per sion as ser tion a ver sion con ver sion de ^er tion dis per sion re ver sion sub ver sion sub Stan tial
IFords of four syllables ; the full accent on the third, and the half accent on the first.
Ac cept a tion ac cu ^a tion ad mi ra tion ad o ra tion ag gra va tion ap pro ba tion :av o ca tioai
cal cu la tion ^ con dem na tion con gre ga tion con sti tu tion coai tem pla tion cul ti va tion decla ration
Jn Easy Standard of Pronunciation, 75
des o la tion ed u ca tion cl o cu tion em II la tion ex pect a tion hab it a tion in clin a tion in sti tu tion med it a tion mod era tion nav i ga tion 'ob strw a tion per se cu tion pre^ erv a tion proc la ma tion pub lie a tion ref orm a tion
re^ o lu tion rev e la tion rev o lu tion sep a ra tion sup pli ca tion trib u la tio» vi o la tion vi^ it a tion ap pre hin sion com pre hen sion con de s/:en sion con tra die tion ju ris die tion re^ ur rec tion sat is fac tion ar/g ment a tion al ter a tion
Werds office syllables ^ accented on the first and - fourth.
AM pHfi cation qual i fi ca tion ed i fi ca tion as so ci a tion mul ti pli cation con tin u a tion ' rat i fi ca tion sane ti fi ca tion sig ni fi ca tion cir cum lo cu tion eir cum val la tion
con fed e ra tion con grat u la tion con so ci a tion or gan i za tion CO op e ra tion glo ri fi ca ti on pro nun ci a tion pro pi ti a tion re gen e ra tion re nun ci a tion
re tal i a tion com mem mo ra tion ar gu ment a tion
Note. As'sas-sin-a-tion, de-nom-in-a-tion, de'ter-min-a-ticn, illw nun-a-tiont have the second and fourth syllables accented, and traw sub-staii'ti-a-tion, has an accent on the first, third and fifth syllables. fyr-sub'Stan'ti-a-tion, follows the same rule.
76 An Easy Standard of Pronunciation i TABLE XXXI.
Familiar Lessons.
HENRY is a good boy. Come here, Henry, let me hear you read. Can you spell easy words t Hold up your head ; speak loud and plain. Keep your book clean j do not tear it.
John, keep your seat, and sit still. You must not say a word, nor laugh nor play. Look on your book, learn your letters, study your lesson.
Charles, can you coui;it? I'ly. One, two, three, four, five, six, seven^ eight, nine, ten. — Weil said; now spell bird. B-i-r-d. How the birds sing and hop from branch to branch among the trees. They make nests too, and lay eggs ; then sit on their eggs, and hatch young birds. Dear little birds, how they sing and play. You must not rob their nests, nor kill their young : it is cruel,
Moses, see the cat, how quiet she lies by the fire. Puss catches mice. Did you ever see puss v/atching for mice? How still and sly ! She creeps along, fixing her eyes steady on the place where the mouse lies. As soon as she gets near enough, she darts forward, and seizes the little victim by th« neck. Now the little mouse will do no more mis- chief.
See the little helpless kittens. How warm and quiet they lie in their bed, while puss is ^one. Take them in your hands, don't hurt them ; they are harndesa, and do no hurt. They will not bite nor scratch. Lay them down softly, and let them go to sleep.
George, the sun has risen, and it is tima for you to rise. See the sun, how it shines : it dispels the darkness of night, and makes all nature gay and cheerful. Get up, Charles ; wash your hands, comb your hair, and get ready for breakfast. What are we to have for breakfast? Bread and milk--
Ari Easy Standard of Frcmmciatvn. 11 This is the best food for little boys. Sometimes we have coffee or tea, and toast. " Sometimes we ha^^ cakes.
James, hold your spoon in your right handj and if you use a knife and fork, hold the knife in your right hand. Do not eat fast : hungry boys are apt to eat fast, like the pigs. Never waste your bread j bread is gained by the sweat of the brow. Your father plants or sows comj com grows in the held; when it is ripe, it is cut, and put in the barn; then it is thrashed out of the ears, and sent to a mill : the mill grinds it, and the bolter separates the bran from the flour. Flour is wet with water or milk ; and with a little yeast or leaven, it is raised, and made light; this is called dough: dough is baked in an oven, or pan, and makes bread.
The Sisters.
Emily, look at the flowers in the garden. What a charming sight. How the tuHps adorn the bor- ders of the alleys, d^-essing them with gayet\'. Soon ijie sweet pinks will deck the beds; and the fragrant •OSes perfume the air. Take cai'e of the s wee t- Brilliams, the jonquils, and the artemisia. See the loney-suckle, how it winds about the column, and limbs along the mar,grn of the windows. Now it 5 in bloom, howfragrant the air around it; how sweet he perfume, after a gentle shower, or amidst tlie oft dews of the evening. Such are the cha^-ms of outh, when robed in innocence ; such is the bloom f life, when decked with modesty, and a sweet tem- cr. Come, my child, let me hear your song,
The Rose.
The rose had been \7ash'd, lately wash'd in a skow'r.
That J ulia to Emma convey'd ; A plenifful moisture encumber*d the flow'r,
And wei^h'd down its beautiful head. G 2
r 8 An Easy Standard of ProniinciaUoni
The cop was all filled, and the leaves were all wet,
And seeni'd, at a fanciful view. To weep with regret, for the buds it hadieft^
On the fiourishhig bush where i.t greviT .
I hastil)'- seizM it, unfit as it was
For a nosegay, so dripping and drown'd ; And shaking it rudely,— too rudely, alas,
1 snapt it — it fell to the ground. *' And such," 1 exclaimed, " is the pitiless part
" S ome act by the delicate m ind ; " Regardless of wringing and breaking a heart ,
** Already to sorrow resign'd. " This beautiful rose, had 1 shaken it less,
«* Might have bloom' d with the owner a while ; •• And the tear that is wip'd, with a little address,
** May be follow'd perhaps with a smile."
Julia, rise in the morning betimes, dress the borr ders of the flowerbeds, pull up the noxious weeds^ water the thirsty roots. See how the plants wither for want of rain. The flowers fade, the leaves shrivel and droop. Bruig a little water to refresli them. Now the' plants look green and fresh; th< weeds which shaded or robbtd their roots of mois ture, are removed, and the plants will thrive. Doe; the heart want culture? Weed out the noxious pas^ sions from t\i<i heart, as you would hurtful plant from among the flowers. Cherish the virtues- love, kindness, meekness, modesty, goodness. Le them thrive, and produce their natural fruit, pur happiness, and joys serene through life.
Look to the gende lambs, hov/ imiocent and plaj ful; how agreeable to the sight; how pleasant th task to feed them; how grateful they are for yov care. JuUa, let me hear your song.
The Lamb.
A young feeble Lamb, as Emily pass'd,
I n pity she tumM to behold ; How it shivet'd and shrunk from the merciew olast,
Then fell all benumb'd with the cold.
An Easy Standard of Pronunciation. 79
She rais'd it, and touch'd with the innocent*s fate,
its soft form to her bosom she prest; But the tender relief was afforded too late,
It bleated, and died on her breast. The moralist then, as the corse she resigned
And weepjng. springilow'rs o'er it laid, Thus mus'd, " So it fares with the delicate mind,
«' To the tempest of fortune betray'd; «« Too tender, like tkee, the rude shock to sustain,
" And deni'd the relief which would save, ♦« She's lost, and when pity and kindness are vain-,
*« Thus we dress the poor suHerer's grave."
Harriet, bring your book, let me he^r you read. What book have you? Let me see; a little volume of poems. How many can you repeat? Let me hear my dear Harriet speak one.
The Bird*s Nch-u
Yes, little nest, I'll hold you fast,
And little birds, one, tvvo, three, rour; I've w atch'd you long, you're mine at last ;
Poor little things, you'll 'scape no more.
Chirp, cry, and flutter, as you vvitH
Ah! simplerebels, 'tis in vain;
Your little wings are unfledg'd still.
How can you freedom then obtain! What note of sorrow strikes my ear 1
Is it their mother thus distrest ? Ah yes, and see, their father dear
Flies round and round, to seek their nest, . And is it I who cause their moan ?
I, who so aft in summer's heat. Beneath yon oak have laid me down
To listen to their songs so sweet \ If from my tender mother's side,
S ome w icked wretch should make me fly. Full well I know, 'tw ould her betide.
To break her heart, to sink, to die. And shall I then so cruel prove?
Your little ones to force away ! No, no; together live and ove;
See bers tlicy are,— take them, I pray
to An Easy Standard of Pronunciation.
Teach them ia yonder wood to fly.
And let them your sweet v/ai-biing hear.
Till their own wings can soar as high, And their own notes may sound as clear. >
Go, gende birds ; go free as air ;
While oft again in summer's heat, To yonder oak I will repair.
And listen to your songs so sweet.
Mary, what a charming little sonnet your sister Harriet has repeated. : Come, my sweet girl, you must let me hear what you can say. But stop, let me see your work. Your little fingers are very handy with a needle. Very pretty indeed; very pretty work. \Vliat small stitches. You shall hem and mark all your papa's handkerchiefs, and very soon you shall work a muslin frock for yourself, Now, my girl, let me hear you repeat some verses.
On a Goldfinch starved in his Cage.
Time was when I was free as air. The thistle*s downy seed my fiire,
My drink the morning dew; I perch'd at will on every spray. My form genteel, my plumage gay.
My strains for ever new.
But gaudy plumage, sprightly strain. And form genteel, were all in vain,
And of a transient date; For caught and cag*d, and starv'd to deatfej In dyingsighs, my little breath
Soon pass'd he wiry grate.
Thanks, little Miss, for all my woes. And thanks for this effectual close.
And ciHfe of eVry ill; More cruelty could none express, And I, if you had shown me less?' -■
Had been your pris*iier still.
An Easy Standard of Pronunciation. 81
Precepts concerning the social relations.
ART thou a young man, seeking for a partner for life? Obey the ardinance of God, and become a useful member of society. But be not in haste to marry, and let thy choice be directed by wisdom.
Is a woman devoted to dress and amusement? Is she delighted with her own praise, or an admirer of her own beauty? Is she given to much talking and loud laughter? If her feet abide not at home, and her eyes rove with boldness on the faces of men — turn thy feet from her, ^id sulFer not thy heart to be ensnared by thy fancy.
But when thou findest sensibilit}^ of heart joined with softness of manners; an accomplished mind and peligion, united with sweetness of temper, mo- dest deportment, and a love of domestic life — Such is the woman who will divide the sorrows, and dou- ble the joys of thy life. Take her to thyself; she is worthy to be thy nearest friend, thy companion, the wife of thy bosom;
' Art thou a young woman, wishing to know thy fiittu-e destiny? Be cautious in listening to the ad- fdresses of m.en. Art thou pleased vrith smiles and |flattering words ? Remember that man often smiles and flatte-rs most, when he would betray thee.
Listen to no soft persuasion, till a long acqaint- ance and a steady, respectful conduct have given thee proof of the pure attachment and honorable views of thy lover. Is thy suitor addicted to low vices? is he profane? is he a gambler? a tipler? a spendthrift? a haunter of taverns? has he lived in idleness and pleasure? has he acquired a contempt for thy sex in vile company ? and above all, is he a scoffer at religion?— Banish such a man from thy presence; his hepj't is false, and his hand would lead, thee to wretchedness and ruin.
82 An Easy Standard of Pronunciation.
Art thou a husband? Treat thy wife with tender-- ness and respect; reprove her faults with gentleness;^: be faithful to her in love ; give up thy heart to her in confiden.ce, and alleviate her cares.
Art thou a wife? Respect thy husband; oppose him not unreasonbly, but yield thy will to his, and thou shalt be blest with peace and concord; study to make him respectable, as v/ell for thine ©wn sake, as for his ; hide his faults ; be constant in thy love; and devote thy time to the care and' education of the dear pledges of thy love.
Art thou a parent? Teach thy children obedience ; teach them temperance, justice, diligence in useful occupations; teach them science; teach them thei social virtues, and fortify thy precepts by thine owni example: above all teach them religion. Sciencej and virtue will make them respectable in this life- religion and piety alone can secure to them happi» ness in the life to come. .
Art thou a brother or a sister? Honor thy charac* ter by living in the bonds of affection with thy breth> ren. Be kind; be condescending. Is thy brothel in adversit}', assist him ; if thy sister is in distress^ administer to her necessities and alleviate her cares*
Art thou a son or a daughter? Be grateful to thy father, for he gave thee life : and to thy mother for she sustained thee. Piety in a child is sweet* er than the incense of Persia, yea more delicioui than odors, wafted, by western gales,, from a fielc of Arabian spices. Hear the words of thy father for they are spoken for thy good: give ear to th( admonitions of thy mother, for they proceed fron her tenderest love. Honor their gray hairs, am support them in the evening of life: and thini ov/n children, in reverence of thy example, shaJj repay thy piety with filial love and dmy. 1
An Easy Standard of Pronunciati&n, 83
•^ 'i^:?'*^K '"'i^sS^L^*^' --:^;-:' '- = _ "^ ' Will / \ "
wmsm^
FABLE I.
Of the Boy that stole Apples, AN old man found a rude boy upon one of his ts-ees stealing Apples, and desired him to come down; but the young Sauce-box told him plainly be would not. Won^t you? said the old Man, then I will fetch you down; so he pulled up some txifts of Grass, and threw at him; but this only made the Youngster laugh, to think the old Man should pretend to beat him down from tlie tree with grass only.
Well, well, said the old Man, if neither words nor grass, will do, I must try what virtue there is in Stones; so the old man pelted hini heartily with stones; which soon made the young Chap hasten down from the tree and beg the old Man's pardon.
MORAL.
If good words and gentle meaJis will not reclaim the wickedy they must be dealt with in a more severe manner^
84 An Easy Standard of Pronunciation, TABLE XXXII.
In all words ending in c^io unaccented, -w is silent, and o has its first sound. Many of these words^re corrupted in vulgar pronuncia- tion ; follcfvo is called y^/Zer, Sec. for which reason the words of this class are collected in the following table.
BSr row bel low bil low bur row cl bow fel low fal low 'far row fur row
gal lows bel lows har row cal low mallo'^us mar row meadow mel low min now
nar row hoi low shad ow
shal low spar row tal low whit low wicl o'lU wil low
win dow win now yel low bor row fol low mor row sor row wal low s^v^^al low
TABLE XXXIIL
Jn the following words^ si sound like zb. Thus, sonfusion is por- nounced confu-zbun ; bra-tier , dra-zhur; o-zier, o-zbur; vi-sitnt vizb-un; pLeaS'ure, pleazb-nr.
Uote. In this and the following table, the figures show the ac- cented syllables, without any other direction.
Bra\yier cro ^ier gla zier o zier ra sure ho ^ier sei zur^ fu ^ion am bro ^ial ad he ^ion al lu ^ion -co he ^ion col lu ^ion Gon clu ^ion
|
con fu ^yion |
il lu ^ion |
|
con tu ^-ioa |
in tru ^ion |
|
de hi ^ion |
in fu ^ion |
|
dif fu s'lon |
pro fu ^ion |
|
ef fu ^ion |
oc ca ^ion |
|
ex clu ^ion |
oh tru ^ion |
|
ex plo ^ion |
yh ion |
|
e va .9ion |
mcas ur^ |
|
a bra ^ion |
.ple^.9 ur(? |
|
cor ro ^on |
tre^? liri? |
|
de tru ^ion |
lew ur<? |
|
dis plo 5ion |
az urd" |
|
in clo 5ure |
ab stkS ion |
|
e ro ^ian |
ggI \is ion |
An Easy Standard of Pronunciation, 85 con QAs ion e lij ion in ci^ ion
di \\s ion e lyo ian al li^* ion
tie ci^ ion pre ci^ ion re ci^ ion
de ri^ ion pro vi^ ion clr cum ci^ ion
The compounds and derivatives follow the same rule.
FABLE IL
The country Maid and her Milk pail.
WHEN men suiTer their imagination to amuse them, v/ith tlic prospect of distant and uncertain im- provements of their condition, they frequently sus- tain real losses, bv their inattention to thc^.&e affairs
Acoiinrf}' Maid v/as walking very deliherately 'With a pail of milk upon her heaa, when she fell in« to tb.e following train of-refiections : The money for which I shall sell this milk, will enable me to en- crease my slock of egg;3 to dire e hundred. These eggs^ allovvlnjr for \vhac may prove addle, and what !n'\v be dest!-oyed bv vei mia, will prodi'.ce at least 1-; ; b'lndrcd and lifu- chickens. The chickens wil^
H
S6 An Easy Standard of PronimciatiGn. be fit to carry to market about Christmas, when poultry always bears a good price; so that by May day I cannot fail of having money enough to pur- chase a new gown. Green — -let me consider — yes, green become^ my complexion best, and green it shall be. In this dress I will go to the fair, where all the young fellows will strive to have me for a partner; but I shall perhaps refuse every one of them, and with an air of disdain toss from them. Transported with this triumphant thought, she could not forbear acting with her head what thus passed in her imagin- ation, when d-own came the pail of milk, and v/ith it all her imaginary happiness.
TABLE XXXI V.
Words in which ckf sic, and fte are pronounced ^Ac ; tia^ndcia, sla ;' cions and tious, shis. Thus, ancient, partial, captious, are pronounced, anshcnt, pa-rshal, capMkvs. This rule will be suffi- cient to dirt-ct the learner to aright pronunciation, without dis- ti3-igu:shirig the silent letters,
tran sient Ills cioiis caw tious par tial con science con scions ap pre ciate as so ciate aw da cious ca pa cious con so ciate dis so ciate e ma ciate ex cru crate
Gre clan gra cious pa tient quo tient spa cious
spe cious spe cies'^'^" so cial sa tiate an cient cap ticus fac tiaus iic tious ; ;\ip tial
ex pa tiate fa ce tious fal la cious fe ro cious in gra tiate lo qua cious ne go ciate pro ca cious ra pa cious sa ga cious se qua cious te na cious vex a tious vi va cious
Pronounced speshiz.
con sci en tious con se quen tial con li den tial pen i ten tlal
jin Easy Standard of Pronunciation. 87^ vo ra cious pro vin cial cir cum stSn tial an n'an ciate pru <}i.Q}A tial con ten tious sen ten tious ere den tials sub stan tiate ■ c nun ciate com mSr cial es sen tial contuma ciousj pes ti len tial in fee tious ef fi ca cicus prov i den tial li cen tiate os ten ta tious rev e ren ti-al . om nis cienci' per spi ca cious re,? i den tia ry po ten tial per ti na cious e qui ncc tial
The compounds and derivatives follow the same rult^, t Th^ words of four syllables have the half accent on the frst.
^^^^ fi&^;:
FABLE III.
The Fox and ths SuvaUoTV.
ARISTOTLE informs us, that the following fa- ble was spoken by Esop to the Samians, on a debate wpon changing their ministers, who were accused of plundering the commcn',yealth.
A Fox swimming acr<-ss a river, happened to be entangled in ssome weeds that grew near the bank,
88 An Easy Staridard #/ Fronundation. from which he was unal^le to extricate himseir. A« he lay thus exposed to whole swarms of flies, which were galling him and sucking his hiood, a sv/allow, obs*irving his distrr-ss, kindh' olTered to drive tliem away. By no means, said the Fox; for if , thesi:-. should be <:hased a-yay, which are already sulBcient- \y gorgrd, anodier more hungiy swarm rtouldisuc- ceedj and I should be robbed of e^ery remaining drop of blood in my vein.^.
TABLE XXXV.
In tl-ve folbwing woyds the vo\vel5 a?s shoj't, . and thr ?xcc-n^ ed syllable must ly* prGnounce4 uS thotigh ir.endtd with th%^ consonant 5/6. Thus, pre-cious, ipe-ci<U,. eji<Unt, h^i-ci:t7ii jyii/i- tin, adiii'thn, are yfonou need, p;2sh'US,spe$b'iil, efH-s.^-^nt, lo^ish- tw, fnUU-b-a, addU^h-on. Thess wcvdo will s^rve as examrle.'j Ibj- the following tilile.
PrS cious spe cial Ti cious vi tiute ad d! tion am bi ticn az/s pi clous ca pri cious CO mi tial con di tion cog ni tion con tri tion de fi cient de li cious dis ere tion dis cu tient e di tion
ef fi cis^nt es pe cial fla gi tioiis fru i tion iu di cial
lo gi cian ma gi clan ma ii clous mi li tia mu ^i cian nu tri tion no vi ciate of fi ciate of fi cial of fi clous pa tri cian par ti tion
per di ticn per ni cious pe ti tion pro fi cient phy ^i ciaj] - po SI tion pro pi tion 5 se di tion se di tious sol sti tial suf fi cient sus pi cious trans i tion vo li tion ab o If tion* ac qui s\ tion ad rno ni tion-
* The words of four syllables have a half acccn! on rhe fi»»t, nc- rept practitioiitr. Arithmetician and sw/»j!;o..7'£ili(ius have the half f ^" rent on the second, ojcade^niciar. d^vA -iniiibtmaiidan gx\ th& first.
An Easy Standard of Pronunciation, 85
ad ven ti tious prej u di cial co a ii tion pol i ti clan prop o ^i tion prep o ii tion pro hi bi tion r/zet o ri cian su per 11 cial
su per sti ticn prac ti uon er sup po si tion a rith vojt tf cian sur rep ti tioiis ac a de mi cian av a ri cicus suppo^ ti tious ben e ii cial math ema ti cian
am mu m tion ap pa ri tion ar ti fl cial ad s^i ti tious ap po ^i tion eb ui ii tion er u di tion ex hi bi tion ex po ^i tion im po ^i tion op po ^i tion
com pe ti tion com po ^i tion def i ni ticn dem o Ii tion dep o s\ tion
dis po ^i tion
.3
The compounds and derivatives fc41ovv t-he same rule
In the following words, the consonant;^ terminates a syllable : but perhaps the ease of the learner may reader a diilerent division.
2
E qui ty e qui ta bk Ii quid
Ii qz/or Ii que fy Ii qui date la qz/ey
an ti qui ty in i qui ty in i qui t<9as ob ii q^d ty
SELECT SENTENCES.
Never speak of a man's virtues to his face, nor of his faults behmd his back ; thus you will equally avoid flat- tery which is disgusting, aixi slander which is criminaL
If you are poor, labor will procure you food and clothj ing — if you ai-e rich, it will strengthen the body, invigo- rate the mind, and keep you from vice. — Every man therefore should be busy in some employment.
H2
so An Easy Standard of Proniinctation.
FABLE IV. The Cat and the Rat, A CERTAIN Cat had made such unmercifai hav- oc among the vermm of her neighborhood, that nota single Rat or Mouse dared venture to appear abroad. Fuss was soon convinced, that if affairs , remained in \ their present situation, she must be totally unsupplied with provision. After mature deliberation therefore, she resolved to have recourse to stratagem. For this purpose, she suspended herself from a hook with her head downwards, pretending to be dead. The Rats and Mice as they peeped from their holes observing her, in this dangling attitude^ concluded she was hanging for some misdemeanor; and with great joy immediately sallied foith in quest of their prey. Puss, as soon as a suftiei-ent number were collected together, quitting her hold, dropped into the midst of them ; and ver^^ fev^^^ had the fortune to make good their retreat. This artifice having succeeded so well, she was encouraged to tiy the event of a second. Accordingly she whitened her coat all over, by rol- ling herself in a heap of flour, and in this disguise lay^
An Easy Standard of Frormn:iatioTu y i concealed in the bottom of a meal tub. This strata- gem was executed in general with the same effect as the former. But an old experienced Rat, altogether as cunning as his adversar}-, was not so easily ensnar- ed. I don t much like, said he, that %vhite heap yon- der: Something whispers me there is mischief con- cealed under it. 'Tis true it may be meal; but it may likewise be something that I should not relish quite so well. There can be no harm at least in keeping at a proper distance ; for caution, I am sure, is the parent of safety, .
TABLE XXXVL
trie follow ing table, i befcre a vowel sounds like^ at the begmnmg cf words, as \n junior, f Hal, dGmijiicn, wmch are pronouuccd junyur^ filycU, dom^iyon
Fol io ran ior sol dier^ sav ior se^n ior un ion al ien gen ial ^cn ius anx iousf ^dell ium bii ions bill iards bill ions brill iant ba^ io filial fiex ion fiUX ion
mill ion in gen ions
min ion bat tal ion
pill ion ci vil ian
pin ion com pan ion
trill ion con nex ion
trmm ion de flux ion
val iant^ do min ion
cull ion fa mil iar
ninn ion o pin ion
scull ion pa vil ion
bull ion post ill ion
coll ier punc till io
pon iard ras cal ion
on ion re bell ion
be hav iour se ra^l io
com mun ion ver mil ion
par hel ion af/x il ia ry
pe cul iar min ia ture
con ven ient . pe ciin ia ry
• Pronouicsd sol-scr.
\ Pronounced ank-shus.
92 An Easy Standard of Pronunciation .
FABLE V.
The Fox and the Bramble,
A FOX, closely pursued by a pack of Dogs, took shelter under the covert of a Bramble, He rejoiced in this asylum; and for a while, was veiy happy; but soon found that if he attempted to stir, he was wounded by thorns a?id prickles on every side. However, making a virtue of necessit};', he forbore to complain; and comforted himself with reflecting that no bliss is perfect; that good and and evil are mixed, and ilow from the same fountain. These Briars, indeed, said he, v/ill tear my skin a little, yet they keep off the dogs. For the sake of the good then let me bear the evil with pa- tience; each bitter has its sweet; and these Bram- bles, though they v/ound my flesh, preserve my life from danger.
An Easy Standard of Pronunciation,
93-
1
E tlier ja cinth the sis zenith thfln der meth od an them tijp thong eth ics pan tl>er ; sab bath thim bL- tliis tk tliurj cuiy trip thong en tlirai ath wart I5t troth thir tv thor ough thir teen
ou thou ^and d the i^m the o ry
\l ther nef ther he^ then doth ier
TABLE XXXVI L
The Rrst sound olth, csin thir-h
the o rem the a ter hy a cinth cath o lie ep i th.et lab y rinth leth ar gy pletli 0 ry sym pa thy am a ranth am e thyst an a thy can tlie itis math e sis syn the sis pan the on e tl:ie ri al can tha ris ca the cTal u re thra au thSn tic pa thet ic syn thet ic a canth us ath let ic me tlieg lin
Second sound <^1th, a^ in thaii.
rath er hith er we^th cr
fath om le<3;th cr with er
fet^th er far ther wheth er
gath er breth ren nether ;
ca th^T tic en thu ii a^m an tip a tliy pa ieiith e sis a rith me tic an tith e sis mis an thro py pbi Ian thro ::y can thari d^:'^ the 6c ra cy the ol o g}' the od o lite ther mom e tir an thor i ty ca thcl i con my thol o gy or thog ra ]3hy \\^ Tioth e sis li thog ra phy li ihot o my a poth e ca ry ap o th^ o sis poly the ijra biblioihical ich thy6l ogy or ni thol o gy .
broth ei V. or thy
94 An Easy Standard of Frommcmuon.
\yeth er wiiitpi er
prith ee fa ther
burthen farthing
Si?iith ern far ih;;r'
teth er p6th er
thith er broth el
The de:',r:.t'
be que<^th an 6lh er
incti'i er . to ^eth er i-nioth er log a rithm^
n^verthelc^
i er nirzth
'^^%
'^i
■Jil
FABLE VI. The Bear and the Tvjo Friends.
TYV'O Fricr.dG, sctx^n^ out together upor. a jour-. ney, which led through a dr.ngerous forest, iTiUtually promised to assist each other, if thej^ should hap-^ pen to be assaulted. They had not proceeded far, before they perceived a Bear makbig towards them with great rage.
There were no hopes in flight; but one of them, being very active, sprung up into a tree; upon which the other, throv/ing himself fiat on the ground, held his breath and pretended to be dead; remem- bering to have heard it asserted, that this creature will not prey upon a dead carcase. The bear came
A71 Easy Standard of Frominciatiofiy 9B
up, and after smeUing to him some time, left him, and went on. — When he was fairly out of sight and hearing, the hero from the tree called out — Weil, my friend, v/hat said the bear ? he seemed to whisper you very closely. lie did so, replied die o- ther, and gave me this good piece of advice, never to associate with a wretch, v/ho in the hour of dan- ger, will desert his friend.
W
|
TABLE XXXVHI. |
|
|
ords Li which cb have th{ |
; sound of k. |
|
cl iol ic |
or ches ter |
|
chol er |
och i my |
|
schoi ar |
chi me ra |
|
moii cU'ch |
pa ro chi al |
|
sclxfr rows |
cha mel ion |
|
stom ach |
tri bac chus |
|
pa tri 3Tch* |
chro mat ic |
|
eu cha rist |
me chan ic |
|
an ar chy |
ca chex y |
|
chrys o lite |
cha lib e ate |
|
char ac tcr |
a nach ro ni^m |
|
cat e chi^m |
syn ec do chy |
|
pen ta td-uch |
pyr rmch i us |
|
sep 111 clier |
am phib ri chus |
|
tech nic al |
mil an chol y |
|
al chy my |
chro nol o gy |
|
an cho mt |
chi rog ra phy |
|
brach i al |
cho rog ra phy |
|
lach ry mal |
cliro nom e ter j |
|
mach in ate |
the om a chy |
|
sac chai* in^ |
an ti bac chus |
|
syn chro ni^m |
cat e chet ic al |
|
mich qfel mas |
bac chan al iaii |
|
chor is ter |
cat e chu men |
|
chron ; ck |
ich thy 61 o gy |
96 An Easy Standard ef Pronuncmtion,
n.
FABLE VII.
The Tzi'O Dogs, HASTY ?ind inconsiderate connections are gen-^^
errJiy attended v^^ith great disadvantages; and much oi every riian'3 good or ill fortune, depends upon the Ghoice lie ma.kes of his friends.
A good-natured Spaniel OA^ertook a surly IMas^ •tlfl", ?s he Vvas travelling upan the high road. Tray, akbough a^n entire stranger to Tiger, vcr)' civilly accosted him; and if it would be no interruption, he ■' ■'• * -^ should be glad to bear him company on Tiger, vrho happened not to be alto- getiitr in so grov/ling a mood as usual, accepted the prcpoial; and they veiy amicably pursued their journey togetlier. In the midst of their con- versation, diey arrived at the next village, where Tiger began to display his malignant disposition^ by an unurovoked attack upon every dog he m.et. I'he villagers immediate-lv sallied forth with great indignation, to recctie their respeotive favorites; and railing upon our two friends, without distinction or mercy, poor Tray was most cruelly treated, for no o ' panyc
Jn Easy Standard ef Pronunciation. 97 TABLE XXXIX.
^fWords of French original, in which ch sound like sb, and i ac • ' cented, lil^e i long.
|
Chake |
fa tigz^if |
mag a zinc |
|
chdm ois^ |
in tng7/(? |
bomb a ^in |
|
chan Qxe |
ma rine |
man da rin |
|
cham ade |
der nier |
brig a di^r |
|
chain pai^^ |
po lic^ |
bom bi'j-d \£X |
|
fra cluoir |
ma chin^ ry |
buc can ic-r |
|
%^ chi cane |
chev er il |
can non \ex |
|
10 |
chev is ance |
cap a pi^ |
|
piq?/^ |
chiv al ry |
car bin i^r |
|
shire |
deb 'Au chee |
cav a li<fr |
|
10 |
10 |
cor de li^r |
|
ma chine |
chev a li^r |
gren a di,fr fi nan ci^r |
|
cash ic-r |
chan de 1 i^r |
|
|
. an tiqz/(? |
cap u chill |
|
|
* Pronounced shammy. |
SELECT SENTENCES.
We may as well expect tliat God will make us rick without industry, as tte he will make us good and hap- py, witliout our own endeavors.
Zeno, hearing a young man veiyjlo^.juacious, told him, that men have two ears and but one tongue ; therefore they should hear much and speak little.
A man who, in company, engrosses the whole con- versation, always gives oftense ; for the compcmy con- sider him as assuming a degree of superiority, and treatint^ them ail ar. his pupils.
The basis or all excellence in writing and conversa- tion, is truth. — ^truth is intellectual gold, which is as du- rable as it is splendid and valuable.
Faction seldom leaves a man honest, however it may find him.
I
1: 8 jin Easy Standard cf Profiunciatim*
FABLE VIII.
The Partial Judge,
A FARMER came to a neighboring Lawyer, expressing great- concern for an accident which he £p.id had just hapj^ened. One of your Oxen, con- tinued he", has been gored by an unhicky Bull of riiine, and I should be glad to know how I am to miil^e you reparation. Thou art a very honest fellov/, replied the Lav/yer, and wilt not think it unreasonaljle that I expect one of thy Oxen in re- turn. It is no more than justice, quoth the Farm- er, to be sure; but what did I say? — I mistake — It is your Bull that has killed one of nnj Oxen. Indeed! says the Lawyer, that alters the case: I must inquire into the affair ; and if — And // / said the Farmer — the business I find would have been coacUided without an if, had ycu been as ready to i;^ justice to others, as to exact it from them.
An Easy Standard of Pronuncicmon. 09 TABLE XL.
Words in which ^ is hard before e, i, and jr.
|
Q:haT |
dag ger |
leg ged |
g/zerk im- |
|
gctise |
crag gy |
pig gill |
ku ger |
|
geld |
bug gy |
quaggy |
boggy |
|
get |
crag ged |
r:.^ ged |
i^g^y |
|
gift |
dig ger |
rigger |
clog gy |
|
giv^ |
dreg ^Y |
rig gish |
C9g ger |
|
gl? |
drug get |
rug ged |
dog ged |
|
gild |
drug gist |
scragged |
dog ^^T |
|
gill |
flag gy |
scrag gy |
dog gish |
|
gimp |
gib ber |
shaggy- |
jog ger |
|
gird |
gib baus |
slug gish |
noi.^ gen |
|
girt |
gi(] dy |
snag ged |
parget |
|
giri |
gig g\e |
si)rig'gy |
tar get |
|
i^ger |
gig iet |
stag ger |
gir dld^ |
|
mec? gcr |
giz zai-d |
SM^ag ger |
be gin |
|
gevv gaw |
gim blet |
swag gy |
wag ge ry |
|
tiger* |
hag gish |
trig ger |
log gcr he^d or gil bus |
|
to ged |
m gy |
twig gin |
|
|
big gin |
jag ged |
tivig gy |
to geth er |
|
brag ger |
/^nag gy |
wag gish |
pet ti log ger |
The foUowhig are pronounced as though they were written wiih double^. Thus, hnger is jjronounced Jingger
young er long est y£?ur,g est stronger long er mong er
These with rheir coimijounds and derivatives, are most of tli« words in the language, in which ,^ has its hard sound before e, i, %n6.y. Bur to tliese must be added the derivatives of verbs ending- in g. Thus from dig coiae Hggetb, diggest, diggedf digging, J^c in vhdch g is hard before e and iV
|
Fin ger |
lin ger |
|
an ger |
lin go |
|
hun ger |
lin guist |
100 All Easy Standard of Promncmicn,
TABLE XL I.
The Boy that went t@ the Wood to lo$k for Birds' Nests ^ when he should have gone to School. WHEN Jack got up, and put on his clothes, he thought if he could get to the wood he should be quite well; for he thought more of a bird's nest, than his book, that would make him wise and great. When he came there, he could ftnd no nest, but one that was on the top of a tree, and with much ado he got up to it, and robbed it of the eggs.— Then he tried to get down; but a branch of the tree found a hole in the skirt of his coat, and held him f?:st. At this time' he would have been glad to be at school ; for the bird in a rage at the loss of- her eggs, flew at him, and was like to pick out his eyes. Now it was that the sight of a man at the foot of the tree,, g-ave him more joy than all the nests in the world. This man was so kind as to chase av/cly the bird, and help hina down from the tree ; and from that time forth he would not loiter from school; but grew a good boy and a wise young man; and had the praise and good will of all that knew liim.
OBSERVATIONS.
The cheerful man hears the lark in the morning j the jter.sive man hears the nightingale in the evening.
He who desires no virtue in a coinijanion, has no vir- t\5e iiiinself ; and that state is hasteninc^ to ruin, in which no diifercnce is made between good and bad men.
Some men read for the purpose of learning to write ; ethers, for the piu'pose of learning to talk — the fonner study for the sake of science ; tlie latter, for the sake of £.nuTS«m£nt.
An Easy Standard of Pronunciation, TABLE XLII.
101
It is a rule in the language, tiiat c and ^ are hard at the eAd of words, and they commx>nly are so at the end of s) llables; but in the fol- lowing table they are soft, like* 2,nd^' at t)-je end of the accented syllable. Thus, tnayic, acidj are proxiour.ced juajic, asid, and ought to be divided niag-ic, ac-id. It is a matter disputed by teachers which is the most eligible division — viag-ic, ac-id, or ma-gic, a-cid. However, as children acquire a habit of pronoun- cing c and g hard at the end of syllables, I choose not to break the practice, but have joined these consonants to the la^t syllable. The figures show that the vowels of the accented syllables are att short.
pa ci iy pa gCc^nt ry pa gin al re gi cide re gim en
Ma gic tra gic a gik a cid digit VI gil fa c\le fra gik fri gid ri gid pla cid pi g^on si gil ta cit a git ate ag ger ate-* le gi h\e fla gel et pre ce dent pre ci pic<? re ci pe de cim al de cim ate la cer ate
re gim ent re gis ter spe ci fy spe cim en ma cer ate ma cii ent ma gis trate ne ces sary tra ge dy vi cin age ve get ate ve get ant 16 gic pro cess CO git ate pro ge ny illicit ^ im pli cit e li cit ^
• g soft.
* I 2
ex pli cit so li cit im a gin re li gion li ti gic^us pro di g/c»us au da ci ty ca pa ci ty fii ga ci ty lo qua ci ty men da ci ty men di ci ty di la cer ate du pli ci ty fe li ci ty mu ni ci pal an ti ci pate par ti ci ]3ate sim pli ci ty me di Cmi al so li ci tilde per Hi 01 ty tri pli ci ty ver ti ci ty
102 An £u
t: da ci ty ex 8.S; f^-er ate iiior da ci ty nu ga ci ty o pa ci ty ru pa ci ty sa ga ci ty se qua ci ty vi va ci ty te na ci ty vc ra ci ty a da gi o bel li ger cut or i gin al ar miger(?us
The ccmpo
i of Frommciatwn.
om ni gm ous ver ti gin ous re fri ger ate
le gis ia tion re cit a tion
sa cii
ol(
le glows
a gm ^us
per spi ca ci ty per ti na ci ty a tro ci ty fe ro ci ty , ve lo ci ty rAi no ce ros an a 16 eic al
au then ti ci ty as tro lo gic al ge o lo gic al ped a go gic a! phi lolo gic al tau to log ic al the o lo gic al
e las ti ci ty
e lee tri ci ty ,
du o de ci mo
ab o li gin al
ec cen tri ci ty
niu cila gin ous re ci pro ci ty
mul ti pli ci Xy le ger de r "
irJs and derivatives follow the same rale.
TABLE XLIII.
Wwds In wliicli b is proiiounced before ty, though written after it. Thus, 'what, ixkaiy ^ix'hispcr, are pronouliced binat, tvjcn, kwisptr , that is hooat, hooen, hooispar.
Whale
whejl
\vne<5t
v/Iieel
wheez-
ivhile
whilst
v/liinc
white
why '
whelk
whelp
wnen
whence
%\'het
which
whiff
whis:
whim
whin
whip
wliisk
whist
whit
whiz
vvhurr
wharf
what '
whirl
whey whee di(? whi ting whi tish whir ret
wner r}^ wheth er whif ?Le whim sey whin ny v/his per whis tl^ whith er v/hit Xo'iu whit ster whit tl^ whim per
The compounds and derivatives follow the same rule. In the follow inj, v/ith their compounds and derivatives, hh, is silent.
Whire whole wh6 whom whoop who^e
An Easy Standard of Frommciation, iOS TABLE XLIV.
In the following, with rheir compounds and derivatives, x is prs- nouuced like ^z ; exact is pronounced egzact, ilfc.
Ex act ex em pli fy ex or bit ant
ex ist ex an i mate ex or di um
ex empt ex as pe rate ex alt
ex ult ex ude ex ot ic
ex am in ex a men ex on er rate
ex am jAe ex u ber anc^ ex eit
ex em plar ex haust ex er cent
^x ec u tor ex y^ort exnie
In most or all other words, x is pronounced like ks, except at the beginning of Greek xiames, w here it sounds like z.
TABLE XLV.
The history of the Creation of the IVorld.
IN six days God mkde the world, and all things that are in it. He made the Sun to shine by day, and the Moon to give light by night — He made •all the beasts that walk on the earth, ail the birds that ily in the air, and all the fish that swim in the sea. Each herb, and plant, and tree, is the work of his hands. AH things, both great and small that live and move, and breathe in this v/ide world, to him do owe their birth, to him their life. And God saw that all the things he had made wese good. But as yet there was not a man to till the ground : so God made man of the dust of the earth, and breathed into him the breath of life, and gave him rule overall that he had made. And the man gave names to all the beasts of the field, the fowls of the air, and the fish of the sea. But there \Tas not found an help meet for man j so ^ God brought on him a deep sleep, and then toek from his side a rib, of which he made a wife,
104 An Easy Standard oj Prominciation,
and gave her to the man, and her name was Eve— *< And from these two came ali the sons of men.
All things are known to God ; though his throne of state is far on high, yet doth his eye look dov/n upon us in this lower world, and see all the ways of the sons of men.
If we go out, he marks our steps : and when we go in, no door can shut him from us. While we are by ourselves, he knows all our vain thoughts, and the ends we aim at; And when we talk to friend i or foe, he hears our w^ords, and views the good or harm we do to them, or to ourselves.
AVTien we pray, he notes our zeal. Ail the day long he minds how we spend our time, and no dark- night can hide our works from him. If we play the cheat, he marks the fraud, and hears the least word of a false tongue.
He sees if our hearts are hard to the poor, or if by alms we help their wants : If in our breast we pine at the rich, or if we are w^ell pleased with our own state. He know s all that we do ; and bC; we where we will, he is sure to be with us.
TABLE XL VI.
Examples of the formation of dcrhathes and.
compound words.
Example L
Words in which cr or er are added to denote an agent.
jRrim. Deriv. Prim. Deriv.
hi-struct, in-striict-or
blas-pheme, blas-phe-mcF
cor-rect, cor-rect-or
dis pose, dis-po-ser
op-press, op-press-or
re-deem, re-deem- t
dis-sent, dis-sent-e«
Act, act- or
lead, lead-er
deal, deal-er
gain, gain-er
hate, ha;ter
cool, cool-er
feeip,, help-er
peer,
priest,
prince,
po-et,
song-ster
li-on,
mas-ter,
An Easy Standard of Pronunciation. 105 Example. II.
Words to express females, or the feminine gender, formed frem these which repress males, or the mascviline gender.
act-or, act-ress bar-on, bar-on-ess tii-tor, tu-tor-ess trait-or, trait-re:is count, count-ess dea-con, dea-con-ess duke, duch-ess heir, heir -ess proph-et, proph-et-es3 sor-ce-rer,sor-cer-ess
a-dul-ter-er,
em-bas-sa-dor,
shep-herd,
ben-e-fac-tor,
gov-em-or,
mar-quis,
pro-tect-or,
cx-ec-u-tor,
ad-min-is-tra-tor
peer- ess
priest-ess
prin-cess
po-et-ess
song-stress
li-on-ess
mis-ti*ess
em-pe-ror, em-press
test-ta-tcr, test-a-trix
seam-ster, seam-stress
a-dul-ter-ess
em-bas-sa-dress
shep-herd-ess
ben-e-fac-tress
gowerh-ess
mar-chi-o-nes;
pro-tect-ress
ex-ec-u-trix
ad-min-is-tra-trix
Example III.
Words formed by ly (which is a conti-aciion of Hie J used to denois a quality-, or shew the manner of action, or degree of quality.
bad, bad-ly brave, brave-Iy chief, chief-ly dark, dark-ly l^ood, gcod-iy ligli, high-ly weak, weak-ly . year, year-ly new, new-ly
ab--sti'use-iv
cow-ard-l)'
ab-struse, cow-ard,
crook-ed, crook-ed-Iy ex-act, ex-act-Iy
ef-fect-n-al, ef-iect-u-al-ly ex-cess-ive, ex-cess-ive-iy fa-ther, fu-ther-ly ^
gal-lant, gal-lant-Iy se-date, se-date-}y
106 A?! Easy Standard of Pronunciation, _ Example IV.
Wovds formed hyfuU, denctijig abundance.
mer-cy, mer-ei~fiil
youth,
awe,
care,
mou
hopc-f\i
care-iUi
i-mi
de-ceit,
de-cejt-ful
re- spec c- fur >.IiS'£p-ace, dis-grace-iul de - 1 ! ght-, de -light - fu 1 venge, re-veiige-fiil- -trust, di>'-trubt4\]l . dii-tv, dii-ti-f\ii
re-spcct
Woi'ds fonper: '^y
GOir.-mend,co<n-meiKl-a-bie as-sail, as-sail-a-b!e re- spire, re-spi-ra-bie per-spi-3'a-ble ad-vi-sa-ble re-vers-i-ble man-an:e-a-b!e cred-it-a-ble prof-it-a-ble
Example
Words formed by v.ess, dc ' i .i ' . ^
X AMPLE V.
.<: or iblej denoting power or ability.
per-spire, ad -vise, re- verse, man -age, cred-it, prof-it,
cure, cii-ra-ble pay, pay-a-ble sale, sale-?.-ble vend, veiid-i-ble test, test-a-ble taste, tast-a-ble tax, tax-a-bie tame, tanie-a-ble rare, ra-ta-ble
VL
-:, ; ir.te cr condition.
good, good -ness, great, great-ness rash, rash-ness bald, bald-ness hoarse, hoarse-ness felood-y ,blood-i-ness
mis-er-a-ble,
for-iTii-da-ble,
gra-cious,
fa-vor-a-ble,
of-^fen-^ye,
bjund, rough, seif-ish,
slirevd, shrewd-ness plain, plain-ness sound -ness rougli-ness self-ish-ness come-ly, come-li-ncss
mis-er-a-ble-ness
for-mi-da-ble-ness
gra-cious-r.ess
fa-vor-a-ble-ness
of-fen-sive-ness
An Easy Standard of Frominciation. 107
Example VII.
Words fovmed by ji.j, denoting quality or a small degree of it.
|
ape, |
a- pish |
^■\T.itej |
whi-tish |
|
warp, |
\vasp-:sh |
blue. |
biu~ish |
|
^y^g> |
wag^gish . |
black, |
bluck-ish |
|
block, |
block -ish |
pur-ple, |
pur-plish |
|
sour, |
sour-ish |
gray, |
gray-ish |
|
sweet, |
s\yeet-ish |
clown |
clown- ish |
|
Example VIII |
• |
Words formed by le^i
^art, art-less
grace, grace- less
shape, shape-less
need, need-less
heed, heed -less
care, care-less
denoting destitution or absence.
num-ber, num-ber-less mo-ticn, nio-tron-less meas-ure, rneas-ure-less fa-ther, fa-ther-less moih-er, moth-er-less pray-er, pray-er-less
Example IX.
Words fonnedby al^ denoting quality, and by *ome,' noting fulbvesi
frac-tion, frac-tion-ai
doc-trin, doc-trin-al
crime, crim-in-al
na-tion na-tiou-al
glad, glad- some ioadi, loath-some irol-ick, frol-ick-some de-light, de-iight-some
Example X.
Words formed by ous, arul ivc, noting quality.
grace, gra-cious glo-ry, glo-ri-ous bu-mor, hu-mor-ous m^i-o-dy, me-lo-di-ous liar-rno-ny,har^mo-ni-ous ^dc-tor vic'to-ri-ous
sport, sport-ive
ex-'"pense, ex-pens-ive con-clude,con-ciu-sive ex-cess, ex-cess-ive e-lect, e-lect-ive de-cidcj de-ci-sive
103 An Easy Stcuidard of Pronunciatkn.
Example XI.
V/oxds formed by age^ ment, aice, and awe, denoting state, condi= tion, cr action performed, &c.
pa-rent, par-ent-age pat-ron, pat-ron-age per- son, per- son- age car-ry, car-riage mar-rj^, mar-riage re-mit, re-mit-tance
per-form, per-form-ance ful-iil, ful-fil-ment at-tain, at-tain-ment de-pend, de-pend-ence oc-cur, oc-cur-rence re-pent, re-pent-ance
ac-com-plish. ac-convplish-ment aom-mand, com-mand-ment
Example XII.
Words ending in or over and ee, the former noting the agent, an<i the latter the person, to wliom an act is done.
les-sor', les-see' | ap-pel-ior', ap-pel-lee' do'-nor, do-nee' j cog-ni-zor' cog-ni-zee' bail-or', bail-ee' in-dors'-er, in-dors-ee'
as-£ign-or,as-sign-ee' ' ob-li-gor', ob-li-gee' pay^or, pay-ee' mort'-ga-ger, mort-ga-gec'
Example XIII.
Words ending in ity, denoting power, capacity, state, &Ct
in-firm, m-irrm-i-ty | le-gal, le-gal-i-ty
a-ble, a-bil-i-ty | mor-tnl, mor-tal-i-tj pos-si-ble, pos-si-bil-i-t}^.
con-form, con-form-i-ty
chris • tian, chris-tian-i-ty
pop-ii-lar, pop-u-lar-i-ty
sin-gu-lar, sin-gu-hr-i-ty
fea-si-]:>Ie, fea-si-bii-i-ty
com-pat-i-ble com-pat-i-bil-i-ty
ini-pen-e-tra-ble, im-Xien-e-ti*a-bil-i-tr
An Easy Standard of Pronunciation. lOf
Example XIV.
Verbs or affirmations, formed by the terminations ize and m^
Gen-er-al,gen-er-al-ize fmo-ral, mor-al-ize
le-gal, le-gal-izc jour-nal, jour-nal-iz€
tyr-an-ny, t}T-ran-nize can-on, can-on-ize meth-od, meth-od-ize |har-nio-ny,har-mo-nize
au-thcr, au-thor-ize (strait, strait-en
bas-tai'd, bas-tard-ize Kvide, wi'-den, or
S3^s.tem, sys-tem-ize wid-en
eiv-il, civ-il-ize 'length, length-en
Example XV,
Words in which the sense is changed by prefixmg; a syllable, o^r syllabiei.
Ap-pear, dis-ap-pear al"iow, dis-ai-low dis-o-bey dis-o-blige dis-es-tcem dis-pos-scss mi^>ap-ph' mislX'-have xi'iis in-forrii dc-cclve, im-dc-ccivt work} un-der-work Gp^e-rate-^i-op- er ate en - gj^c , pre • c i : • gage ma-ture, pre-ina-tiire num-ber, out-num-ber rua, out-run fee -bie, e a- iee-ble ' no-bic, en-no- ble
o-bey,
o-blige,
es-teeni,
pos-se.sSi
aij-ply,
beJnve,
in-foi-m,
look,
run,
take,
ihrow,
turn,
ad-mit,
o-ver»grow o-ver-look
o=ver-rim O'Vertake o-ver-tliTow o-ver.tiirn re-ad-mit a.s-sniae, re-as-siime em -bai k ,re-em-bai'k en- force, re-en-force add, sii-per-add a -bound , bu -per-a-bouni w eave, in-ter- weave hee, fore- see
Sight, foresight pkjit, tiuins-piant coni^pose, de-com-pose act, coun-ter-act
K
tlO An Eas^ Standard of Pronunciatlen* Example XVI.
Names formed from qualities by change of termination.
Long, length deep, depth dry, drouth strong, strength hjgh, liighth widfe, width
Examples of various derivatives from ©ne root, or radical word.
Boiin-ty, boun-te-ous, boun-te-ous4y, boun* te-ous-ness, boun-ti-ful^ boun-ti-ful-ly, boun- ti-ful-ness.
3eau-ty, beau-te-ous, beau-te-ous-ly, beau- te-ous-ness, beau-ti-iril, beau-ti-ful-ly, beau- ti-ful-ness, beau-ti-fy.
Art, art-fui, art-ful-]}', art-ful-ness, art-less, art-less-ly., art-less-ness.
Con-form, con-form-i-ty, con-form- a-ble, con- fcrm-a-bly, con-form- ist, con-form-a-tion, con-form-a-ble-ness.
Press, press-m-e, im-press, im-press-ion, im- press-ive, im-press-ive-ly, corn-press, Com- prcss-m-e, com-press-ion, com-press-i-ble, com-press-i-bil-i-ty, in-com-press-i-ble, In- ccni-press-i-bil-i-ty, de-press, de-press-ion, sup-prebs, sup-press-ion.
Grief, griev-ous, giiev-ous-ly, griev-ance, ag- grieve,
At-tciul, at-tend-ant, at-tend-ance, at-ten-tion, ai-ten-tive, at-ten-tive-iy, at-ten-tive-ness.
Fa-vor, fo-vor-ite, fii-vor-a-bie, fa-vor-a-bly, f ,-\or-a-i>le-ness, fa-vor-it-ism, un-fa-vor-a- ble, un-fa-vor-a-bly, uivfa-vor-a-ble-i4ess,
Ah Easy Standard of Pronunciation. Hi
Ale house ap pie tree bed fel: low bed chain ber bee hive book sell er but ter milk can die stick chain shot cher ry tree ches nut tree cop y book
Compound Words,
cop per plate day light di ning room Charles town George town dress ing room drip ping pan earth quake el bow chair fer ry man fire arms fire shov el
gin ger bread grand child New hft vcn New york ink stand ju ry man land tax lap dog ^ moon shins pa per mill ti tie page Yale col lege
OBSERVATIONS.
He seldom lives frugally, who lives by chance.
Most men are more willing to induic;e in easy vices, liian to practice laborious Wrtues.
A man may mistake tlie love of virtue for the practicc- ©f it; and be less a p-ood man, than the friend of goodness*
Without frugality, none can be rich; and with it, few would be poor.
Modei-iition and mildness, often effect v/hat cannot be done by force. A Persian writer finely obsen'ts^ that " a gentle hand leads the elephant liiniself by a hair.**
The most necessary part of learnmg is, to imleaj'n aur errors.
Small parties make up in diligence what they want in numbers.
borne talk of «ibjects which' they do not understand; - others praise virtue, v, ho do not practice it.
No persons are more apt to ridicule or censure otliers, than those who are most apt to be gjiilty of follies and faults.
1 1^ An Easy Standard of Pronmciation. TABLE XL VII.
Irregular ivordsy not comprised in the foregoing tables.
Written.
A ny bat teau beau beaux been bu reau bu ry bu sy CO lo nel iwiut boy
Pronounced,
en ny bat to bo boze bin bu ro berry biz sy cur nel ho boy
Written,
Ap ro pos bel ks let tres bu si ness flam beau die vaux de frisc en ten dre port man teau right €Ous
Written, Pronouneed,
isle ile
isl and ile and ma ny men ny o cean o shun says sez
said sed
sous soo
su gar shoog ar vis count vi count wo men wim ia
Pronounced, ap pro pa bel let ter biz ness flam bo
shev o de freeze en taim der port man ten ri chus
The compoumlsand derivatives foHow the same rule.
OBSERVATIONS.
Seek a virtuous man for your friend, for a vicious man can neither love long, nor be long beloved-,— The friend- ships of the "wicked are conspiracies against morality and social happiness.
More persons seek to li?c long, though long life is not in their power; than to live wfcHj though a good life de- fends cm tlfeir own vriiW.
An Easy Standard o/Fronunciaticn. 1 13
USEFUL LESSONS,
JOHN can tell how many square rods of gi'ound make an acre. Let me hear him. Three feet make a yard ; five yards and a half make a rod or percli ; forty stjuare rods make a rood or one quarter of an acre, and one hundred and sixty square rods make an acre. One team will plow an acre in a day — sometimes more.
In solids, forty feet of round timber, ov iifty feet of he-Avn timber, make a ton. A cord of wood contains one hundred and twenty eight solid feet ; th^t is, a pile four feet high, four feet w^ide, and eight feet long.
In cloth measure, tv/o inches and a fifth m?Jve anail, — four nails, one quarter of a yard— thirty six inches or three feet make a yard— three quiirtei s of a yard make an ell Flemish — and five quarters, make an English ell.
Let us exaniin the weights used in our own country. How are heavy goods weighed ? By avordupois weight — in which sixteen drams make an ounce — sixteen oun- ces, one pound — tv/cnty eight pounds, one quarter of a hundred — four quarters, or one hundredandtwelvepuunds make a hundred — and twenty hundreds, one ton.
By this weight, are sold hay, sugar, coifee, and all heavy goods and metals, except gold aixl silver.
What is troy weight? It is that by which is estima- ted, the quantit-y of gold and silver, jewehyj and ihe imgs sold by the druggist and apothecary. In troy weight, twenty four grains make a -penny Aveight— tAventy pennyweights, one ounce — and twelve ounces, one pound. These are the divisions used by the silversmith and jeweller. But the apothecary uses ?i different divi- sion, and in his weight, tv/enty grains make a scruple — three scruples one dram — eight dram"), one omice— and, twelve oimces, one pound.
The dollar is one hundred cents; but the value of a pound, shilling and penny, is different, in different States, and m England. English money is called Sterling- One dollarisfourshillingsand sixpence sterling — in New England and Virginia, it is six shillings — in New York . and North Carolina, it is eight shillings — in New Jersey, PennsyhTinia^elaware and Maryland, it is seven skUilngr? K 2
114 An Easy Standard of Prominciiition^
anci six pence— in South Carolina and Georgia, it is four, shillings and eight pence. Eut tl>ese differences give great trouble, and will soon be laid aside as useless,— ^^ money will be reckoned in dollars and cents.
JnhabitanU of the United States according to thcr^ census of 1^00,
New Hampshire i 83, 00»
Massachusetts 575,000 , Rhode Island 70, 000
Connecticut 251 ,000
Vermont 154, 000
New York 586, 000 ^
New Jersey 211, 000
Pennsylvania 604, 000 Delaware 64, 000
Maryland 322, 000
Virginia 886,000
North Carolina 478, 000
South Carolina 345, 00©
Georgia 162, 009
Kentucky 220, 000
Tennessee . 1 37, 000
OBSERVATIONS and MAXIMS.
THE path of duty, is always the path of safety.
Be very cautious in believing ill of your neigWb^r ; but more cautious in reporting it.
It requires but little discernment to discover the im- . perfections of others ; but much humility to acknow- ledge our own.
Many evils incident to human life apeunavoidable ; but no man is vicious, except by h^^ own choice.
Avoid vicious company^ where the good are often made bad, and the bad worse. If the good ever associ- ate Avith evil mea, it should be for the same i-eascn as a physician visits the sick, — not to catch the diseascj but to cure it,
Some . people are lost for want of good advice but B^ore f&r want ©f giving heed to it.
An Easy Standard of Pronunciation* TABLE XLVIIL .
115
|
The most usual Names of MeUy |
accented* |
|
|
Aa'ron |
Dan' iel |
Hugh |
|
A'bel |
Da' vid |
Ho ra' tio |
|
A' brant |
Den' nis - |
Hor' ace |
|
A' bra hara ~ |
Hez.eki'ak. |
|
|
Ad' am |
Ed' mimd |
|
|
Al' bert |
Ed' ward |
F saac |
|
Al'len |
Ed' win |
Is' rael |
|
Al ex Ml' dw: . |
Ed' gar |
Ich'abod |
|
Al'-fred |
Eg' bert |
|
|
Am' brose |
E le a' zar |
Ja'bez |
|
A' mos |
El' dad |
Ja' cob |
|
An' drew |
E' li |
James |
|
An' iho ny |
Eli' as. |
Jeffrey |
|
Ar' chi bald |
Eli'zur |
Job |
|
Ar'nold. |
E li' sha |
Jo' el |
|
At'thUT: |
Eliph'alet |
John |
|
Au' stin |
E' noch |
Jo' nas^ |
|
A'sahel |
E'phraim |
Jo'seph |
|
A' saph ■ |
Ezc'kiel |
Jo si' ah |
|
A'sa |
E ras' tus ^ |
Josh' u a |
|
Ash' er. |
Ez'ra |
Jude |
|
Eb e ne' zer |
Jus' tus |
|
|
Bar' na bas Ben' ja mim - Ben' net |
Fran' cis Fred';ericr: |
Jer emi'ah.^ Jon' a than Ja'red Jcs'se Leon' ard |
|
Ber' nard Brad' ford; |
Ga'brieli George |
|
|
Gid'e on^ |
Lew' is |
|
|
Ca'kb |
Gil' bert |
Lu' cius |
|
Charles |
Giles |
Luke |
|
Chris' to phfer |
God'fVey |
Lem' u el ; |
|
Cor ne' li us |
Greg' o ry |
Le'vi |
|
Clark |
Lu'iher |
|
|
%'p' ri aa |
Hen'ry |
|
116 An Easy |
Standard of Prommciatim. |
|
|
Mark |
?e' ter |
Ste' phen |
|
Mar' tin |
Paul |
Si' las |
|
Mat' thew |
Phil' ip |
|
|
Mi' chael |
Phin' e as |
The' o dore |
|
Miles |
The oph' i Ids |
|
|
Mor' gan |
Ralph |
Thom' as |
|
Mo' ses |
Reu' ben |
Tim' o thy |
|
Me' dad |
Rich' ard |
Ti' tus |
|
Na' than |
Rob' ert Ro" ger |
Uri'ah |
|
Na than' \e\ |
Ru' lus , |
Val'entine |
|
Ne he mi' ah Nich'olas Nor' man |
Sam' u cl Seth Sil ves' ter Sim' e on |
Vin' cent Wal' ter Will' iam |
|
Ob a di' ah |
Si' mon |
Za doc |
|
OF i ver |
Sol' o mon |
Zecha ri' ah » |
|
Names of Women |
• |
|
|
Ab'igaa |
Dor' cas |
Grace |
|
A' my |
Dor' o thy |
|
|
Ann |
De'lia |
Han' nah |
|
An'na |
Har'riet |
|
|
An' nis |
El' ea nor |
Hel' en |
|
A me' l:ia |
E li' za |
Hen ri et' ta |
|
Eliz'abeth |
HeVter |
|
|
Bridg' €t |
Em' ma |
Hul'dah |
|
Be lin' da |
Em' i ly |
|
|
Es'tAer |
Is'abel |
|
|
Car' o line |
Eu' nice |
|
|
Cla ris' sa |
E mil' ia |
Jane |
|
Ce'lia. |
Je mi' ina |
|
|
Faith |
Jen'aet |
|
|
Deb' ©Tafe |
Flo' ra |
Ju'lia |
|
Di^flah^ |
Frmi' cea |
Ju li an' |
Ah Eaxy Standard of Pronunciation, 1 17 Kath' a rine Ma ri' a Re bee' ca
|
Lore |
Nan' cy |
Rose |
|
Lu'cy |
||
|
Lyd' ia ^ |
Pa' tience |
Sa' rah |
|
Lu ere' tra |
Pe neV o pe |
So phi' a |
|
Lu ein' da |
Phe' be |
Sal'ly |
|
Phil' lis |
Sa san' nak |
|
|
Ma' bel |
Pris oil' la |
Su'san |
|
Mar' ga ret Mar' tha |
Pru' dance |
Ttm'perance |
|
Ma'ry |
Ra' ch^l |
Ur su' la |
Derivatives from Namcs^ Am' mon. Am' mon ite
Ca' naan, E' phraim, Mo' ab, Cal' vin, Lu' ther, Is' rael, Rome, Cor' inth, Ath' ens, Ha' gar, Ga la' tia, Sa ma' ri a, Am' a lek, E' dom, Beth' le hem, Lon' don. Par' is, Ben' ja min, Reu' ben, Jew, New' ton,
Ca' naan ite E' phraim ite Mo' ab ite Cal' vin ist Lu' ther an Is' rael ite Ro' man Co rinth' i &n A the' ni an Ha' gar enes Ga la' tians Sa mar' i tans Am' a lek ite E' dom ite Beth' le hem ite Lon' don er Pa ris' ian Ben' ja min ite Reu' ben ite JeV ish New to' m an
118 An Easy Standard of Pronuncmtion .
A lex an' dri a, A lex an' dri an
Ci" ce ro, Ci" ce ro' ni an
Go per' nic us, Co per' nic an
Ep i cu' rus, Ep r cu' re an
Ga' li iee. Gal li le' an
Ma horn' et, Ma horn' e tan
Sad du cee'. Sad du ce' an
Phar' i see, Phar i sa' ic
Pla'to, Piaton'ic
Pla' to nhm Pla' to nist
Chal de' a, Chal de' an
Cy re' ne Cy re' ni an
Gil' e ad, Gil' e ad iie
Her' od He ro' di ans
Ish' ma el Ish' ma el ite
Mid' i an Mid' i an it€
Tyre Tyr' i an
TABLE XLIX.
Pameft of the principal Covntries on the FMstem Con-.
tinenty the adjective belon^-ing to each^ the namt
of the People^ and the chief Town or City-^
accented
Country, Adjective. Peohle, Chief Cities. A' sia, A siat' ic, A siat' ics, Af ri ca, Af ri can, AP ri cans, Aus' tri a, Aus' tri an, Ans' tri ans, Vi en' na
A ra' bi a, f ^' '? ^^=' "^^ f , ''' ^"^' iMec' ca ' A T» hi an, or A Tab's, J
AI gie'rs, Al ge ri'ne, AI ge rines, Al gi'ers
Brit' ain, Brit' ish, Brit' ons, ^ t ' 1
Eng' land, Eng' lish, Engaish, 5 ^^^ ^^^
Scot' land, Scotch, Scots, Ed' inburgli
rreln.d,.rrish, \\^Z., j Dub' lb., H4 be/ni a. Hi ber' ni an,Hi ber' ni ans J
An Easy St atidard of Pronunciation. II9
Country* Adjective, People, Chief Cities*
Wales Welch, Welch' men,
Bo he' mi a. Bo he' mi an, Bo he' mi ans, Prague
Chi' na, 4 pt^v^^ ^ ' \ Chi ne'se, Pe' kin
Cor' si ca, Cor' si can, Cor' si cans, Bas' tia Den' mark, Da' nish, Danes, Copenha'gea
Er ^ 17 / . 1? / -.• i Ca'i ro, or
gypt, E gyp' tian, E gyp' tians, | ^^j ^^ '
Eu' rope, Eu ro pe' an, Eu ro pe' ans,
Fla^' ders, Flem' ish, Fltra' ings, 1 g^, ^^
rsel gi um, Bel gi an, Bel gi ans, J
France, French^ French, *)
f> , Gal' lie, or ^ , > Par' is
Gaul, r- vv Gauls, \
' Gd li can, ' J
Fran co'ni a, Fran co'ni an,Franco'nians, Wiirts'burg
Ger'many, >-, ^ ,. }• Ger' mans, Vi en' na
^ ' Ger man ic J '
Ba va' ri a, Ba va' ri an, Ba va' ri ans, Mu'nich
Gen' o a. Gen o e'se. Gen o e'se, > ^ , r > > .' -r • , . ' , - , . ' S- Gen' o » Li gu ri a j^i gu ri an, Li gu ri ans, J
Greece, Gre' cian, Greeks, Ath' ens
Hoi' land, Dutch, ^j'-^'f^^' } Am ster-
' ^ Hoi landers V dam
Ba ta' vi a, Ba ta' vi an, Ba fe' vi ans, J Hague Hun' ga TV, Hun ga'ri an.Hun ga' ri ans { ^"q J"Jf
[t' a ly, 5 ] *^i; if' I I tai' i ans, Rome •' ' ^1 tai ic, 3 '
['ce land, Ice land' ic, I'ce land ers,
In' di an. In' di an,
'n' dl a
fin «li an. In di an, 1 jHin'du, Hin'dus, V t Hin' doo, Hin' doos, J
Del' hi Cal cut' ta
Xi du' Stan, Gen' too, Gen' toos, Ma drass
a pan', Jap an e'se, Jap an e'se,
Ui laa e'se. Mi Ian e'se, Mi Ian e'se, Mi Ian'
VIo roc' CO, Bloor' ish, Moors, Fez
d a' p!eG, Ne a poi"i tan jlS^e a pol'i taas,Na' j)ks
120 An Easy Standard of Pronunciation,
Country, Adjective. Peo^e. Chief Cities,
Nor' way, Nor we' gi an, Nor we'gians,Bcr'gea
Per' sia, Per' sian, Per' sians, Is pa hau'
Vitd mont', Vi^d mon te'se, P/eaf mon te'se, Tu rin'
Po' land, Po' lish, I ^i^^tZl \ War' saw Por' tu gal, Por' tu gwese, Por' tu g?^ese., Lis' bon
Prus' sia, Prus' sian, Prus' sians, Ber' lin
Rus' sia, Rus' sian Rus' sians, Pe'tersburg
Si" ci ly, Si cil' i an, Si cil' i ans, Palermo
Spain Span' ish, Span' iarcls, Ma drid'
Sar din' i a, Sar din' i an, Sardin'ians, CagliaVi
Swe' den, Swe'dish, Swedes, Stock' holm
Swit'zer laud, Swiss Swiss j R i'
Sax' o ny Sax' on, Sax' ons, Dx'es' den
Swa' hi a, Swa' bi an, Swa' hi ans,Augs'burg
Tur'key, Turk' ish, Turks, } ^^^. ^^'"^
1 ar ta ly , ^ ^ ..^ta'ri an / ^ *^^ ^^'^^ 1 Tbi' bet
Tu nis» Tu nis' ian, Tu nis'ians, Tu' nis
Tus' ca ny, Tus^ cans, Tus' cans, Flor* ence
Si' am, Si am e'&e, Si am c'se, Si aKi*
Ton' quin, Ton quin e's€, Ton qui Ac'se,Tougtoo'
Ven' ice, Vent'tiai^, Ve ne' dauSj Venice
In America, A met' i en, A mer' i can, A m«r' i cam Slates, Chief Tonms, F(^o/iie,
New Hamp' shire, Po'rts mtouth Bfnine, in f Fo'rt land
Mas sa chu' setts 1 Bos' ton Bos to' ni ans
rBcn ning ton, "I Ver monl' 4 Hut' land, > Ver mont' c»
iWiiid' sor }
An Easy Standard of Pronunciation. 121
States. Rhode i's land,
Con nee' ti cut
Xew York,
New Jer' sey
Penn svl va' ni Del' a ware, Ma' ry land
Chief Townti, People,
{Prov' i dence ^ 1 Rhode Nsivv'port j X'^landeM,
r Hart' lord, X Nev^ \W ven £if LNew Lon' don r Xev/ York and ") -^t y.r \ f lAl'bany j Ne^York'er*
r Tren' ton, E liz' a beth town \ Prince' toii, indNew' ark r i'hil a del phi a, ") Penn syi va'- '' \ Lan' cas ter, j ni ans Wil' niiag ton i^ Do' ver
{I5al' ti more and ) Ma' ry land- An nap' o Hs j ers
Klch' mond.
Vir
gm 1 a,
rnicn mond, "J
-j A I ex an' dri a, \ Vir gin'
[Nor' folk J
1 asi
ew oem,
^ North Car o li'na, \ Wii' ming to i J:£'d^nton,
p South Car o li'na, j Charles' ton,
Car o lin' i ans
Ge or' g! a,
Ken tuck' y. Ten nes see', O hi' o, Lou is ian' a.
Co lum' hi a J
r Sa van' na, 1 ,^ , .
lAagus'taj ^'^ ^"^ S^ ^*^
Lex' ing ton, Ken tuck' i ans
Nash' viilf, Ten nes se' ans
Chil li co' tlia
New Or' leans. Lou is ia' ni an*
Brilhh^ Spaniah am Portutr' -- ^ I- Frovinct.u CIuefToKxxm,
?*Can'ada, ■New Brons' wick, ; No' va Sco' tia p.£. Flor' i da ' W. Fioir' i da,
Que bee', St, Joiins Hal' i hjL All gus ti'ne Pen sa co' la L
Less Amerua* People. Ca na' di acf
122 Jn Easy Standard of ProHuneiatim,
Provinces. Chief Toiims. People.
Mex' i CO, Mex' i co,
Chi'ii, St. Ja'go,
Pe ru' Li' ina,
Qui' to, Qui' to,
Par a gua'y, Buen' os ayres,
Bra zir, St. aal vado're,
Mex' i cans Chil' i ans Pe ru' vi ans
Bra zil' i ans
TABLE L.
Chief Rivers on the Eastern CoJitinent. In EUROPE.
Dan' ube Don, or Ta na'is Drave Du' ro Dwi' n-a E'bro Elb^ Eu ro' tas Ga ro'nn^ Gua' del quiv Gua di an' a Hum' ber
Loir^ Med' way Maes ^vlo sell'e? N/e' per, or Bo rist' he nes Nie' men N?e' ster 0' dtr Pe ne' Vks ier Po R/zone R/^lne * Pronounced Shelt.
Scheldt'-^ Sev' em Shan' non Seme Soone Tay Ta'gus T/zames Ti' ber Vis' tu la We' ser Wol' ga or Vol' ga
A rax' es
A'va
Cu ban'
Eu phra' tea
Gan' .c-es
Ha' lys
Ir/ dus, cr Smd
In ASIA,
Ir' lis Jen i see'
Kur, or Cy' rus Me au' der Me non'
Me c>>n'
O'by
Ox'UB
Pegu' RAa Ti' gris y el low, cr Ho ang' h«
An Easy Standard of Projmnciation. 12S
In AFRICA. Ba gra' da, or Sen e gal' Or' ange
Me ger' da Ni' ger, or Gau rit'z
Nile Jol i ba'
Oceans, At Ian' tic Pa cif ic In' di an
Seas» Bal' tic Eu'x ine Me o' tis, 9r
Cas' pi an Med i ter ra' ne an A' zoph
Bays and GulJSi.
A clri at' ic Cal i for' ni a Fun' dy
Bai" fins Ches' o peak Hud' sons
Bis' cay Cha leu'r Mex' i c»
Botli' ni a Fin' land Ri ga'
Lakes in Europe and Asia* As plial' tis Ge ne' va Lu ga' na
Bai' kal Gar' da Mag gi o'rc
Co' mo Is' CO O ne' ga
Con stance' ' La do' ga Wi nan'
Iloiintains iji Europe^ Africa and Asia*
|
Alps |
Car' mel |
Jti'ra |
|
Ap' pe nines |
Et' na |
Py re nee's |
|
^v' ra rat |
Heck' la |
Si' nai |
|
A^t'las |
Ko'reb |
Tau' rus |
|
Ce vennes' |
I' da |
Ve su' vi us' |
|
iau' ca sus |
In America. ^ |
|
|
^n' des, or |
Al le ga' ny |
Kit ta kin' ny |
|
}or dil' ler as |
Kaats'kiU |
O le roy' |
124 An Easy Standard of Pronunciation.
ChieJ Rivers in America,
Am' a zon, or Ja ne'/ rp Pe dee' Mar' a non James, or
Ai' ba ny Pow hat tan' Roan o'ke
Ap a lach' y Rap pa han' roc
Ap' a lach' i co' la Kan ha' wajr Rar' i ton Ar' kan saw Ken tac' ky
Al ta ma haw' Ken ne htd g^ ^^^ ^^
An dros cog' gin San tee'
^ r,. . . '"Jl^ Sa lu' da
Bnf'falo La mod Sa til' la
, ^. . . , . S'us que han' na:
Cum' her land Mis si sip pi Schuyi kill
Chat ta ho' chy Mis so nej g^. ^, ^^
Clar' en don, or Musk ing"iim g^,^/ ^^
Cape Fear Mi am' i g^^^/ ^^^
Chow an' Mo bill' c
John
Con nee' ti cut Mia slsk' o • g^^ j^|^
Co lum' bi a, or Mer' ri mac g J^/ ^^
Ta co' chy i^Ioose g^^g ^^ ^^aw' m
Chau di eVe Ma ken zis g^ ^^^^
Sagunau' Del' aware Nuse
Nei' son
E dis'to Tennessee'
Elk O ro no'ke Tu'gulo
O hi' o Tom big' hf Flint O gee/ chy
On' ion Un ji ga
Hack' en sac U ta was' Hou sa ton' uc Par a gua'y, or
Hock hock' ing Plate lYf^^ ^f ^f
Hud' son Pa to' mac ^ au bosh
Pecrl
Ilknois' Pascal' a way York ^
I' ro quois, or Pe nob' scot Ya zoo St. Law' rence Pas sa' ic
Ati Easy Standard of PrGnnnciatlon,
Lakes in America. Moose head Su pe' ri or
125
Cay u' ga Gan a dar' qua Cham pla'in E' rie George Hu' ron Mish i gan'
Memfrema'gogTez cu' co
Ot se' go Um' ba gog
O ne-i' da Win' ni pis i o' gy
On ta' ri o Win' ni pic
On an da' go Wa' que fa no' ga
Sen' e ka or O'ka fa no'ke
TABLE LI.
Names of Cities^ Towns y Counties ^ Rivers^ Mowi'
tainsy Lakes, Islands, Bays, ^c\ in America.
The following have the accent on the first syllable^
A
:Ab' er corn Ab ing don Ab ing t®n Ab se con Ac ton Ad ams Ac worth Al ba ny Al bi on Al ford Al lens town All burg Al lo way A.U saints ^/ms bu ry '^l stead \.m boy V.m e lins Ime well km herst ^ 3ter dam
An do ver An ge lo An ge los An trim An rill Aq ue fort Arm strong Ar ling ton Ar row sike Ar uba Ash bum ham Ash by Ash field Ash ford Ash ton Ash we lot As sa bet Athol At kin son At de bo rou^ Av a Ion A ve ril
L2
Av on Ayers toa
B BaJrds town Ba kers field Ba kers town Ball toivn Bai ti more Ban gor Bar ba ra Bar nard Bar ne ve'lt Bar ne gat Bar net Barn sta bl^ ' Barn sted Bar re Bar rets toR. Barring ton Bart let Bai* teait:
|
126 An Easy Standard cf Pronunciation.. |
||
|
Bart |
Biooni field |
Bridge port |
|
Bath |
Bloom ing dale |
Brid poit |
|
Bat ten kill |
Bi(^unt |
Brim iield ^ |
|
Bea ver |
Blounts vilief |
Bris tol |
|
Br«u fort |
Blue hill |
Brom ley |
|
Beck et |
Bol in broke |
Brook field |
|
Bed ford |
Bol ton |
Brook lyn |
|
Bed min ster |
Bom bay |
Broth er ton . |
|
Beek man |
Bom ba zin |
B rough ton |
|
Belch er |
Bon a ven tiire |
Brown field |
|
Bel fast |
Bon a vis ta |
Brun ners town |
|
Bel grade |
Bon hiim town |
Browns ville |
|
Belling ham |
Boone ton |
Bruns wick |
|
Ben ning ton |
Boons bo rough |
Bru tus |
|
Ben e diet |
Bop quam |
Buck land |
|
Ben son |
Bor den town |
Bug kles town |
|
Ber gen |
Bot e touTt , |
Bucks town |
|
Berk ley |
Bot tlehjll - |
Buck to\\rn |
|
Berk shire |
Bound brook |
Bull skm ^ |
|
Berlin |
Bour bon |
Burke |
|
Ber nards town |
Boy/ doin |
Bur ling ton |
|
Bern |
Bow doin ham |
Bur ton |
|
Ber wick |
Eov7 ling green |
Bush town. |
|
Beth a ny |
Box bo rough |
Bush wick |
|
Beth el |
Box ford |
Bus tard ., |
|
Beth le hem |
Bcyl ston |
But ler |
|
Bev er ly |
Boz rah |
But ter field |
|
Bil lings port |
Brad ford |
But ter hill |
|
Bir ming ham |
Brain tree |
Bux ton |
|
Black stone |
Bran don |
Buz zards bay . |
|
Bla den |
Bran dy wine |
By be]- it |
|
Bla dens bui'g |
Bran ford |
Bye field. |
|
Blan ca |
Brat tie bo rough By ram | |
|
|
Blan CO |
Breck nock |
|
|
Bland ford |
Brent wood |
C |
|
.Bled soe |
Bre ton |
Cab ot |
|
Blen heJRi |
Bridge town |
Ca diz |
|
Block ley |
Bridge wa t^r |
Cal ais: |
AnEa^y Standard of Promincialmi, 127
Charles ton Col ches ter
Ch:^rles town
Charle ton
Char lott^
Char lottos vill^
Chsat ham
Chtlms ford
Chel ssa
Chel ten ham
Chesh
Cal ders burg Cal la o Cal vert Cam bridge Cam den Camp bell ' Cam po l>el lo Camp ton Ca naan Can dia Can ons burg Can so Can ter bu ry Can to?i Car di gan Car ibs Car los Car mel Car mel o Car ne ro Cams vill^ Car o line Gar ter Car ter et Car ters villf Car ver Cas CO C?vS tie ton Cas tie town Cas well Cato
Cav en dish Cay mans Ge cil Cen ter
ire Ches ter Ches ter field Ches ter town Chick o py Chi ches ter Chip pe ways Chil mark Chitt en den Choc taws
Cole brock Con cord Con v/ay Coots towa Cor inth Cor nish Corn wail Cort iandt Cov en try Cov/ pens Cox hail Crab or char J Cran ber ry Cra ney Crans ton Cra ven Craw ford Cross wicks
Chris tians burg Cro ton Chris tian sted Crown point Chris to phers
Church town Ci" ce ro Clar en don Chirks burg Clarke s town Clarkes- viXie Clav er ack Clm ton Clineh Clos ter Cob ham Co bles hill Cock burntf
Cham bers burg Cock er mout Chap el hill Coey mans Ghaace ford Cokes bu ry
Croy den Cul pep per Cum ber land Cum ming ten Cus CO Cush e tunk Cush ing Cus sens Cus si tall
D
Dal ton Dan bu ry Dan by Dan vei's Dan vill^^ D^hy
An Easy Standardof Pronunciathn,
128
Dar i en Dar ling ton Dart m^uth Dau phin Da vid son Ded ham Deer field Deer ing Den nis Den ton Dept ford Derby Der ry Der ry field Dig by Yy'igh ton Dis mal Don ne gal Dor ches ter Dor lach Dor set Dcug las Down ings Dra cut Dres den Dro more Drum mond Dry den Duck creek Duck trap Dud ley Dum mer Dum mers town Dan cans burg Dun der burg Dun sta bl* Dur ham Duch ess
Dux bo \Qugh Dux bu ry Dy ber ry
E Eas ter ton East ham East on East town Ea ton Ea ton town E den Edes ton Ed gar ton Edg^ comb Edg# field Edgtf mont Ef fing ham Egg har bar Eg mont Eg re mont Elbert El bert son Elk
Elk horn Elk ridg^. Elk ton El ling ton Ellis El more Em mits burg En field En glish to-wn E no
E nos burg Ep phig Ep soaa Ear rol:
Er vin Es qui maux Es sex Est her town Eus tace Ev ans ham Eves ham Ex e ter
F Fa bi us Fair fax Fair field Fair lee Falk land Fal m(3uth Fals ing toa Fan net Fa quier Far ming ton Fay ett? ville^ Fays town Fed er als burg Fells point Fer ris burg Fin cas tlf Find ley Fish ers field Fish kill Fitch bui'g Flat land Flem ing ton . Fletch er Flints ton Flower town Floyd Flush ing Fol low field
An Easy Standard of Prominciaden. 129
|
For est er ton |
Gias gow |
Had ley |
|
Fram ing ham |
Gias ten bu ry |
Ha gars town |
|
Fran ces to^vn |
GXoKces ter |
Hal lam |
|
Fran cis burg |
Glov CF |
Hal low el |
|
Fran cois |
Glynn |
Ham den |
|
Frank fort |
GofFs town |
Ham burg |
|
Frank lin |
Golds biu*g |
Ham il ton |
|
Franks town |
Gol phing ton |
Ham mels town |
|
Fred e ri ca |
Gooch land |
Hamp shire |
|
Fred e rick |
Gor ham |
Hamp Bted |
|
Fredericksburg Go shen |
Hamp ton |
|
|
Fred e sicks to\yn Gos port |
Han cock |
|
|
Free hold |
Go tham |
Kan nabs towft |
|
Free port |
Graf ton |
Han ni bal |
|
Free to-svn |
Grain ger |
Han o ver |
|
Fri^d burg |
Gren a dines |
Har din |
|
Fri^d land |
Gran vill^ |
Hard wick |
|
Fried en stadt |
Gray |
Hardy |
|
Fry burg |
Green burg |
Har dys to-wm |
|
Frow sack |
Green cas tl^ |
Har ford |
|
Green fiiild |
Har lem |
|
|
G |
Green land |
Har mo ny |
|
Galen |
Greens burg |
Har mar |
|
Gallo way |
Greens vill? |
Har pers field |
|
Gal way |
Green vill^ |
Har p]^ |
|
Gard ner |
Green wich |
Harps well |
|
Gas pee |
Green wc od |
Har ring ton= |
|
Gates |
Gregs town |
Har ris burg |
|
Gay head |
Gro ton |
Har ri son |
|
George town |
Gry son |
Har rods burg |
|
Ger man town |
Gwil ford |
Hart ford |
|
Ger ma ny |
Gur net |
Han land |
|
Ger ry |
Guys burg |
Kar vard |
|
Get tys burg |
Har wich |
|
|
Gill |
H |
Hru* Vv'in tcn^. |
|
Gil lo ri |
Hack ets town |
Hat burg |
|
Gil man town |
Had dam |
Hat field |
|
Gil -son |
Had don field |
Hat chy |
130 An Easy Hat te ras Hav er ford Ha ver hill Hav er straw Haw Hawke Haw kins Haw ley Hay cock Heath He bron Hec tor Hei die berg Hell gate Hem lock Hemp field Hen ni ker Hen ri co Henry Her ke mer Hert ford Hi ats town Hick mans Hi^^ gate "R^gh land HiUs dale Hills burg Hill town Hines burg Hing ham Hins dale Hi ram Hit ton Ho bok Hoi den Hoi der ness Hoi land Hoi Us
Sta^idard of Pr Hoi lis ton Hols ton Ho mer Hon ey goe Hooks town Hoo sac Hop kin ton Hop kins Hope well Horn town Horse neck Hors ham Horton Ho sac Hub bard ton Hub ber ton Hu^^j" burg Hurn mels town Hun ger ford Hun ter don Hun ters town Hun t'ijag don Huntington Hunts burg Hunts-vilU Hur ley Hydfs park
I
lb ber vill^ In gra ham In \^er nesi I}>tt wich I ras burg Ire dell Ir vin I^les burg lalip
onmiaatim*
y
Jack son Jack sons burg^ Jaf frey Ja go James James towa
Jay
Tef far son
Jekyl
j enk in towit
Jer e m/e
Jer i C8
Jer sey
Jolins bu ry
John son
John son burg.
Johns town
Johns ton
Jones
Jones burg
Jop p?i
Jore
Ju diih
Ju Han
Ju li et
Ju ni us
A-" Kaats kill Keene Kei lys burg Ken net Ken no mic Ken sing ton Kent Kep lers Ker is son gar.
An Easy Ker shaw Kick a mmt Kil ling ly Kil ling ton Kil ling v/orth Kim bac King less Kings bu ry Kings ton King Vr'ood iCit te ry -^noti;] ton KnoK Knotil ton ^nox v'llle Kort right
Z
Lab ra dor
Lam pe ter Lam prey Lan cas ter Lang don Lanes bo rough Lan sing burg Law renctf Lau Tens Lea c«ck Lees burg Leb a aon Leeds Le high Lef/rej ter Lem ing to^ Lemus ter Len ox Le o gane Leom in stcr
Standard of Pronunciation. 131
Le on
Leon ards tov/n Lev er ett Le vi
Lew is Lew is burg Lew is town Lex ing ton Li'y den Lib er ly- Lien te uau Lick ing Lim er ick Lime stone Lin co/n Lin co/n tOAvn Lind ley Litch field lAt tie burg Lit tie ton Liv er more Liv er pool Liv jng ston Lockdr
Lock arts bui'g Lo gaai Logs town Lon don der ly Lon don grove Look out Lou don Loch a bar Lou is ville Lou is town
Lo}- ?.l 5/OC
Luin 1 i;r ton Lu con burg
Lur gan Lut ter lock lyy man Lyme Lynch burg Lynde burg Lyn den L}'iin Lynn field Ly ons Lys tra
31 Mac o keth Mac o pin
Mad bu ly Mad i son Maid stone Maine Make field Mai a bar Mai den Mar o nee Man ca Man chac Man ches ter Man heim Man li us Man ning toa Man or Man sel Mans field Mar ble ton Mar ga reu vill^ M-ir got Pm arl i^o xQygb Mar low Mcu- p!^
152 An Easy Standard of Fi
Marsh field iMar tic Mar tin ISIar tins burg Mfu* tins villfT Mas CO my Ma son jMas sac Mas ti ^on Mat thews May field Mead viil^ Meek len burg Med field Med ford Med way M end ham
Mer cer
Mer cers burg
Mere dith
Mc^ i meg
M?r i on
Mero
Mes sers burg
IVTid dhj bo rough M an cy
Mil lers town Mill stone Mill town Mil ton Min gun Min goes Min i sink Mis tic Mo hawk Monk ton Mon m&uth Mon son Mon ta gue Mont mo rin Moore Moore field Moose head More land More Mor gan Mor gan town Mor ris towm Mar ris v'lUf Mc//1 ton berg Mul li cus
Mid die bu ry Mid die field M id die hook Mid die berg Mid «ile burg: Mid vie sex Mid die ton M'^d die town Mkl way Mi.T iin Mil lord Mil field
Mar frees burg My ers town
Nan je my Nun ti coke Nan ti mill Nash Nash u a Nas ,au Natch ea Na tick
•onunciation,
Nau ga tuc Nave sink Naz a reth Ned dick Need ham Nel son Nes CO pec Nesh a noc Nev er sink New ark New burg New bu ry New bu ry port New found land New rng ton New Iin New market Nev.^ ton New tow.n Nit ta ny Nix on ton No ble burg None such Noot ka Nor ridge woe Nor ri ton North bo rough Nortl) bridge Nortli field North port North wood Nor ton Nor walk Nor vray Nor wich Not ta V7ay Not ting liaia. Nox an
An Easy O
Oak ham
Obcd
O bi on
O cri coc
O g\e thorp
O hi ope
Old town
Ons low
Or angf Or arigtf burg Or ang^ town Or ford Or le ans Or ring ton Or v/el Os ncr burg Os si pj Os ti CO O tis field Ot ta was Ot ter creek Ou li out Ovid Ox ford
Standard of Pronunciation, 133 Par tridge field Pinck ney
Pack ers field Pac o let Pal a tine Pa/m er Pam ti CO Pan ton Pa ri a Par is Pax tang Par sons field
Pat ter son Pan ca tuc Paw ling Pauls burg Paw let Pax ton Peach am Pea cock Pearl Peeks kill Pel ham Pel i can Pern i gon Pern broke Pen dk ton Pen guin Pen ning ton Penns burg Penns bu ly Pep in Pep per el
Pinck ney ville
Pis to let
Pitt
Pitts burg
Pitts field
Pitts ford
Pitts town
Plain field
Plais tow
Platts burg
Plum sted
Plym outh
Plymp ton
Po land
Pom fret
Pomp ton Pomp ey Pop lin Por peas Por ter field Port land
Pep per ei burg Poits m^^uth
Pe quot Per ki o my Per lie an Per son
Pe ter bo rough Pe ters bm-g Pe ters ham Pev tons bui'^ Phil ip ^
Phil ips burg Pick ers viUe Pic o let Pi" geon Pike land Pi iot tov/n M
Pot ters Pot ters tov/n Potts grove Po?dt ney Pow nai Pow nal burg Prai ry Pres cott Prcs ton Pros pect Prov inc^ Prov inc^ town Pru denc^ Pur n. 3 burg Put aey
154 An Easy Standard of PronuJiciation*
^ Rln gos town
Qua ker town Rob ert son
Quee chy Rob e son
Queens bu ly Roch es ter
Queens town Rock bridge
Quib ble town Rock fish
Quin e bang Rock ford
Quin cy Rock hiil
Quin e paug Rock ing ham
R Ro" gers ville?
Ra by Rom ney
Rad nor Rom o pac
Ra \ft\gh Rom u lus
Ran dolph Rose way
Ran dom Ros sig nol
Ra pha el Rat ter dam
Raph oc Rowe
Raw don Row ley
Rah way Rox burg
Ray mond Rox bu ry
Rapi ham Roy al ton
Rays town Rpy als ton
Read field Rum ney
Re«d ing Ru pert
Red ding Rus sel
Refifd ing town Ruth er ford
Reeds burg Rutiis burg
Reel foot Rye
Reanos town Rye gate Re is ters town S
Reus se iaox Sa lem Rens se l^er wick Sack viib
Rhine beck Sad bu ry
Rich field Rich mond Riclg^ field
Rkl ley Rind^i?
Sau ga tuc Sal ford Sal/s bu ry Sam burg Samp town
Samp son San born ton San CO ty Sand gate San dis field San down Sand wick San dy hook San dys ton Sand ford San ger field San ta cruse Sas sa fras Sau con Sau kies Sav age Say brook Scar bo rough Scars dale Sho dack Shen brun Scoo due Schay le-r Scip i o Scit u ate Scriv en S croon Sea brook Sears burg Sedg wick See konk Se gum Sen e ka Sev em Se vi er Shafts bu ry Sham mo ny Sham o kia
An Easy Standard of Pronunciatien,
Shap \Q\gh Sole bu ry Stod dard
Sha ron So Ion
Sharks town Som ers
Sharps burg Som er set
Shaw ny So«n ers worirh
Shaw nees Son go
Sheep scut South bo rough
Shef field Soudi bu ry
Shel bum South field
Shel by S^uth ing ton
Shen an do ah S^uth %02iYk
13S
Skep herds field South wick Shep herds town Span ish town Sher bum Spar ta
Ship pands town Spar tan burg"
Ship pens burg Shir ley Shong um Shore ham Shrews bu ry Shutes bu ry Sid ney Sims bu ry Sing sing Sin i ca Sin pink Skencs burg Skup per nong Skip ton Sku tock Slab towm Smith field Smith to-'.vn Smith villff Sm)T na Snow hill Snow town So dus
bpen cer S}X)ts wood Spring field Spur wing Squam Staais burg Stafford Stam ford Stand ish Stan ford Stan wix St arks burg States burg Staun ton Ster ling Steu ben Ste ven« Ste vens burg Ste ven to^vn Ste phen town Still wa ter Stock bridg* Stock port
Stokes Stone ham. Ston ing ton Sto no Stou e nuck Stough ton Stow Straf ford Stras burg Strat ford Strat ham Strat ton Stums town Stur bridge Styx
Steu ben villc Stis sick Sud i:)u ry Suf field Suffolk^ Suf frage Sul li van Su mans town Sum ner Sun a py Sun bu ry Sun cook Sun der land Sur ly Sus sex Sut ton S warns cot Swans burg Swan sey Swan ton Swan town Swedes burg
136 An Easy Standard of Fronunciasion,
Syd ney
T Tal bot Tarn ma ny Tarn worth Xa ney town Ten saw Tar bo rough Tar ry town Taun ton Teach es Tel li CO Tern pW Tern pU ton Tewks bu ry T/zames Thet ford T/iom as Thorn as town T/zomp son Thorn bu ry Thorn torn Thur man Tin i cum Tin mouth Tis bu ry Tiz on
Tiv er ton
Tol land
Tomp son town
Tops field
Tops ham
Tor but
Tor ring to»
Tot te ry
Tow er hill
Towns end
Trap
Trap town Trent Tren ton Troy Trnro Try on Tuck er ton Tuf ton burg Tul ly Tun bridge Tur bet Tur key Turn er Twig twees yngsburg Tvr ing ham Tyr rel
U Uls ter Un der hill U ni on
U ni ty
Up ton
U ti ca
U trecht
0x bridge
V Vas sal burg Veal town Ver non Ver shire Vic to ry Vin cent Vir gil Vol un towa
JV Wades burg
Wad me law- Wads worth Wad ham Waits field Wa jo mic Wake field Wak a maw Wal den W^ald burg Wales
Wal ling ford Wall kill
Wall pack
Wal pole
Wal sing ham
Walt ham
Wand o
Want age
Wards burg
Wards bridge
Ware
Ware ham
War min ster
Warn er
War ren
War ren ton
War ring ton
War saw
War wick
Wash ing ton
Wa ter burg Wa ter bu r)^ Wa ter ford Wa ter town Wa ter vliet Waw a sink Wayne Waynes burg
An Easy Standard of Pronunciation, 137
I Weare Weth ers field W^i sen berg Well fleet Wells Wen deU Wen ham Went worth Wesel
West bo rough Wes ter ly Wes tern West field West fi^rd West ham West min ster West more
White marsh AVhit paine White plains Whites town Whi ting Whit ting ham Wick ford Wil bra ham Wilks Ixir re Will iams burg Will iams port Will iam son Will iams town Wil lin burg Wil ling ton Wil lis Wil lis ton
West more land Wills burg West on Wil man ton
West port West town Wey mouth Wey bridg/ Whar ton Whate ly Wheel mg Wh<;e lock Whip pa ny White field
Wil rning ton Wil mot Wil son villff W^in chcn clon Win chcs ter Wind ham Win hall Win lock Win ni pec Winns burg
Wins low Win ter ham Win throp W^in ton Wo bum Wol cott Wolf burg Wo mel dorf Wood bridge Wood bu ry Wood creek Wood ford Wood stock Woods towft Wool wich Wonrs ter Wor thing ton \\ '-ent ham flights burg ^rights tow^n Wy an dots W\ n ton Wydie
r
Yad kin Yar riiOutk Yonk ers York \ork to^vn
The foHowing hive the accent on tlie second syllable.
A bac' CO A bit i bis A ca di a A quae nac A las ka
Al gon kins Al kan sas A me lia A me ni a An CO cus A run del M2
An til les An to ni o A pu ri ma A qmd nee Ash cut ney As sin i beib^
138 ji7i Easy
As sump tion Au re li us Au ro ra B Bald ea gle Bal div i si Baleze Balk ham sted Bar thol o mew Bel laire Bell grove Bel pre Ber bice Ber mu da Ber tie Bil ler i ca Bo q^aet
Bos caw en Brook ha ven C
Ca bar rus
Co han sie
Ca ho ki a
Ca mil lus
Cam peach y
Caer nar von
Co nan i cut
Ca rac as
Ca ran gas
Car li6le
Cas tine
Ca taw ba
Ca val lo
Cay lo ma
Cay enne
Caz no vi a
Cham blee
Char lo tm
Standard of Pronunciation,
Che buc to Che mung Che raws Chi a pa Chop tank Chow an Cler mont Chic kau go Co do rus Co chel mus Co col i CO Co che cho Cock sa kie Co hoc sink Co han zy Co has set Co hoze. Cole rain Co lum bi a Co ne sus Con hoe ton Co hos Coo saw Cor dil le ras Com wal lis Coo dras Cow e tas Cu ma na,
D Daw fus ky De fi anc^ De troit Din wid die Do min go Du anes burg, Dum fr/es Dun bar toa -
Du page Du plin
E E liz a beth E liz a beth tows Em maus Eu phra ta Es cam bi a Eu sta tia E so pus Ex u ma
F Fair ha v«n Fay ette Fitz will iam Flat bush Flu van na
G
Ge ne va Ge rards towja Go naives Gwyn nedd Graves end Green bush Gwild hall
H Ha van na Hel e na Hen lo pen Hi was see Hon du ras
7
Jac mel
Je ru sa Icm .
jin Easy Standard of Pronunciation. 15 f^
|
K |
Ma ho ning |
N |
|
Kas kas ki a |
Ma nal lin |
Na hant |
|
Kow sa ki |
Man hat tan |
Na mask et |
|
Key wa wa |
Ma nil Ion |
Nan task et |
|
Kil lis ti noe |
Ma quoit |
Nan tuck et |
|
Kil ken ny |
Mar eel lus |
Nan tux et |
|
King sess ing |
Mar gal la way |
Na shon |
|
Kin sale |
Ma tane |
Nas keag |
|
Kas kas kunk |
Ma tan zas |
Navarre |
|
Ma til da |
Ne pon set |
|
|
L |
Ma tin i cus |
Ne sham o ny^ |
|
La com ic |
Mat tap o ny |
New cas tie |
|
La CO ni a |
Me dun cook |
New Eng land |
|
T.a goon |
Me her rin |
New fane |
|
Le noir |
Mem ram cook |
New paltz |
|
Long bay |
Men do aa |
New Roch ell^ |
|
Long i ^land |
Men ol o pen |
New U trecht |
|
Long lake |
Me thu en |
Ni ag a ra |
|
Long mead ow |
Mi am i |
Ni pis sing |
|
Lo ren zo |
Mis sisk o |
North amp to» |
|
Lo ret to |
Mine head |
North cas tie |
|
Lou i sa |
Mo bill |
North east |
|
Low hill |
Mo he gan |
Northumberland |
|
Lu cay si |
Mo hie con |
|
|
Lu eia |
Mo nad noc |
0 |
|
Lu zeme |
Mon he g-an |
Gakfiisky |
|
Ly com ing |
Mo noc a sy |
Oak mul gy |
|
Lynn ha ven |
Mon seag |
O CO ny |
|
Ly san der |
Mon tauk |
O nei da |
|
Mon te go |
Orchil la |
|
|
31 |
Mont gom e rj |
T Os we go |
|
Ma chi as |
Mont pe lier |
Ot se go |
|
Ma cun gy |
Mont villtf |
O was CO |
|
Ma con nels burg Mo rant |
O we go |
|
|
Ma de ra |
Mor gan za |
O wy hee |
|
Ma hack a mac |
Mo shan non |
|
|
Ma ho ney |
Mul he gan |
P |
|
Ma hone |
Musk ing urn |
Pal my r!t. |
Pronounced, Shammonr,
140 An Easy Pa munk y Pa nu CO Pa rai ba Pas sump sic Pa taps CO Pa tuck et Pa tux et Pau tuck et Pau tux et Pe gun noc Pe jep scot Pe quon uc Per a mus Per cip a ny Per nam bu co Perth am boy Phi lop o lis Py an ke tunk Py an ke shaws Pier mont Pin chin a Pi o ri as Pla cen tia Po kon ca Po soom sue Port roy al Port penn Po to si Tough keep sie Pound ridg^ Presqwe i.9le Pre sums cot Pro tect worth
Quam pea gan
i? BLed hook
Standard of Pronunciation, Re ho both Ta doo sac
Ri van na Rock on ca ma Ros seau
Ro siers Row an
S Sag har bour Salt ash San dus ky Sa rec to 3 a vil la Sa voy Sco har rie Scow he gan Se kon net Se ba go Se bas ti cook Se bas tian Sem pro ni us Se wee
Sha wan gimk* Shav/ sheen She nan go She tuck et Sche nee ta dy Skip pac South amp ton South hold Stra bane Sw^an. na no Swa ta ra
T Tap paa Ta ba go Ta bas co Ta con net
Ta en sa Tar pau lin Ta wan dy Ta wixt wy Ti o ga
To mis ca ning Tor bay To pon to Tor tu gas Tou Ion Tre coth ic Trux il lo Tunk han noc Ty bee Ty rone
U U lys ses Ur ban na
V
Ver genm s Ver saints Ve nan go
W Wa cho vi a Wa chu set Wal hold ing Wap pac a mO' Wa tau ga Wa keag Web ham et West chest er West hamp to» West In dies West point Wi «om i CO
• Pronounced, Shongnm.
An Easy Standard of Fronunctation, 14 1
'N\ mac o mac iVin eask
The following have them a
A
Kh be viUe' \.z a pul CO ^c CO mac ^g a men tic us \g a mun tic W a bam a ^1 a chu a W. be marl \1 le mand W va ra do \m a zo ni a \m o noo sue \in us keag ^n ah uac \n as ta sia \n ti cos ti A.p a lach i an A.p a lach es A.p o quen e my A.p po mat ox A. que doch ton A.rch i pel a go A.U gus tine
B B as ken ridg^ Bel vi dere Bag a duce Beth a ba ra Bux a loons
C
Cach i may o
Wi nee "Win yaw
Wis cas set Wy o ming
the accent on tlie third syllable, and most of secondary accent on the Erst.
Cagh ne wa ga Con es te o Cal e do ni a Can a dar qua
Can a wisk
Can i CO de c Car ib bee Car i coo Car i boo Car tha ge na Cat a ra qua Cat a wis sa Cat te hunk Chab a quid ic Char le mont Chat a ho chy Chat a nu ga Cher o kee Chet i ma chas Chic ca mog ga Chick a horn i ny Chick a Kia ges Chick a saw Chil ho wee Chil lis quae Chim bo ra zo Chris ti an a Clar e mont Cin cin na tiis Con a wa go Con a wan go Con dus keag Con e dog we net Co ne mau^/a Cock a la mus
Con es to go Con ga ree Coo sa hatch ] Co to pax i Cur ri tuc Cus CO wil la Cus se wa g®
D
Dem e ra ra Des e a da
E Eb en e zer En o ree Es ca ta ri
Es se que b©
F Fron ti nac Freidenhuetteav
Gal li op o lis Gen ne see Gen e vieve Grad en huet tem
/ In di an a
K Kar a tunk Kas ki nom pat
142 An Easy Standard of Pronunciation* ^ Kay da ros so raMus ko gee Port to bac co
Ken ne bunk N
Kick a poo Na hun keag
Kin der hook Nan se mond Kis ke man i tas Naii do wcs sy
Kit ta ning Ni-c a ra gua
Kit ta tin ny Nip e gon
L Niv er nois Lach a wan na
Lech a wax en Let ter ken ny
Nock a mix on Nol a chiic ky 0
Lit tie comp ton Oc co chap po M Oc CO neack y
Mach a noy Oc co quan
Mag da le na Oc to ra ro Mag e gad a vie On a hish ka
Ma gel Ian Ma gel la ni a Mar a cai bo Man a han Mar ble head ]Mar cus hook Mar ga ret ta Ma ri et ta Mas sa nu ten !RIau re pas Mel a v/as ka
Os sa baw Os we gach y Ot o gam ies
P Pak a n@k it Pan a ma Pan i mar i bo Pas ca go la Pas quo tank Fas sy unk Pat a go ni a
Mem fre ma gog Pern a quid
Mack 1 naw Mi ro goane Mis sin abe Mis si quash Mo hon ton go Mo non ga lia Mont re al Mor ris se na
Pen sa co la Per qui minr> Per ki o men Pitts syl va ni a Pluck e min Po ca hon tas Po CO moke Pont char train
Moy a men sing Por to bel lo
Put a wat o mi|
•t
Quern a ho niii
R Reg o lets Riv er head Rock e mo ko
S
Sag a mond Sag a naum Sag en da go Sal va dore Sar a nac Sar a to ga Sax e go ths Scat e cook Seb a cook Sem i nolcs Sin e pux ent Scan e at e tes- Soc an da ga Spot syl va ni SiAr i nam
Tal la see Tal a poo sy Tap pa han not The a kik i Tib e ron Tow a men sin To ne wan to To to wa Tuck a hoc Tu cu man
The popular pronunciation of MishiUmackinac
An Easy Standard of Pronunciatwn, 145
ul pe hock en us ca ro ra
U "" na dil la i nal ha ven
W Wah que tank Wil li man tic "Win ne ba go VvV a lu sing
Wy a lux ing Wv o noke
r
Yu ca tan Yoh o ga ny
The following are accented on the fourth syllable.
Can a jo har ry Can a se ra ga Can e de ra go Chick a ma com i co Cob bes e con ty Co hon go ron to Con e go cheag Dam c ris cot ta Eas tan al lee Kish a CO quil las Mish il li mack a nac*
Mo non ga he la Om pom pa noo sue Pas sam a quod dy Pern i ge was set Quin sig a mond Rip pa ca noe Sag a da hoc Sax a pa haw Ti con de ro ga Wa nas pe tuck et
Pronoimced, MackiHaw.
Islands of the JVest Indies,
lH guil' la m ti' gua* a ha' ma er mu' da ar ba' does ar bu' da ur a so' lu'ba
>om in i' cof jlar tin i^ coj
* Pronounced, Antega. | Domineke. ^ f-l<i.nmekeo
Portoreko. (j Guadaloop. ^ Saint Luzee.
Per to ri' co§ Eu sta' tia Ore na' da Gau da lou'peH Hay ti cr His pan i o' la Ja rna'i ca Ivlar i ga lant' Miq ue Ion' Mont ser rat'
To ba' go Trin i dad' Sant a Cruse St.Christ'ophers St. Lu cia^ St. Mar' tins St. T^om' as St. Vin' cent
|
144 |
An Easy Standard of Pronunciation. | |
||
|
TABLE LII. |
3 |
||
|
Of Numbers, |
^ •^ |
||
|
Figures. Letters, |
J^ames, Numerical Jdjectrvea^ |
||
|
1 |
I |
one |
first |
|
2 |
II |
two |
second |
|
3 |
III |
tliree |
third i.^ |
|
4 |
IV |
four |
fourth ^? |
|
5 |
V |
five |
fifth J |
|
€ |
VI |
six |
sixth |
|
r |
VII |
seven |
seventh |
|
8 |
VIII |
eight |
eighth |
|
9 |
IX |
nme |
ninth |
|
10 |
X |
ten |
tenth |
|
11 |
XI |
eleven |
eleventh |
|
12 |
XII |
twelve |
twelfth |
|
13 |
XIII |
thuteen |
thirteenth |
|
14 |
XIV |
fourteen |
fourteenth |
|
15 |
XV |
fifteen |
fifteenth |
|
16 |
XVI |
sixteen |
sixteenth |
|
17 |
XVII |
seventeen |
seventeenth |
|
18 |
XVIII |
eighteen |
eighteenth |
|
19 |
XIX |
nineteen |
nineteenth |
|
20 |
XX |
twenty |
twentieth |
|
30 |
XXX |
thirty |
thirtieth |
|
40 |
XL |
foitv |
fortieth I |
|
50 |
L |
fifty |
fiftieth |
|
60 |
LX |
sixty |
sixtieth |
|
70 |
LXX |
seventy |
seventieth |
|
80 |
LXXX |
eighty |
eightieth |
|
-90 |
XC |
ninety |
ninetieth |
|
100 |
C |
one Imndred |
one hundredth |
|
200 |
cc |
two luindred |
two hundredth |
|
300 |
ccc |
tbi-ce hundred |
three hundredth |
|
400 |
cccc |
four hundred |
four hundredth |
|
500 |
D |
five hundred |
five hundredth |
|
600 |
DC |
six hundred |
six hundredth |
|
700 |
Dec |
seven Imndred |
seven iiundrecUh |
|
BOO |
DCCC |
eight hundred |
eight hundredth |
|
900 |
DCCCC |
nine hundred |
nine hundredth |
|
1000 |
M |
one thousand, Sec |
. one thousandth |
|
1804 |
MDCCCI |
Vone thousand eis?! |
It hundred & fowr. |
An Easy Standai'd ef Pronunciation, 145
TABLE LIII.
Words of the same sound ^ but different in spelling and signification.
AIL, to l)e troubled AJe, malt liquor
Ak', an element
Are, plural of is or am
Heir, to an estate All, the -whole Awl, an instiaimemt
Al tar, for sacrifice
Al,.ter, to change Ant, a pismirAi Aunt, uncle's wife.
As cent, steepness.
As sent, an agreement Au ger, an instrument All gur, one who foretells
Bail, surety
Bale, a puck of goods Ball, a round substance Bawl, to cry aloud
Bare, naked
Bear to suffer
Bear, abetist Base, vile Bass, in music
Beer, a liquor
Bier, to can y the de?.d Ber ry, a sniai] fruit Bu ry, to inter the dead
Beat, to strike
Beet, a root Blew, did blow Blue, colou'i*
Boar, a male swine
Bore, to make a hole Bow, to bend Bough, a branch
EoAv, to slioot with Boau, a gay fellow
lired, brought up
Bread, food
Bur ro^v', for rabbits Bo rough, a town coip®- i-atc
By, a particle
Buy, to purcha&e Cain, a man's name Cane, a shnib or staff
Call, to cry out
Caul, of a wig or bowels Can non, a large gun Can on, a rule
Can vass, to examin
Call vas. coarse cloth Ceil ing, of a room Seal ing, setting of a seal
Cell, a hut
Sell, to dispose of
Cen tu
7 J
hundred
years
Cen tau ry, an herb Choi er, wrath Col hu', for the neck
Cord, a sin ail rope
Cho"d, in music Ci c-n, a youiig shoot Si on, a mountain
Cite, to summon
Siglit, seeing
Site, situation Chron i cah of a long con- tinuance Chron i cle, a history N
^4^ An. Easy Standard Oj
Co\n sc, order or direction
Coarse, not line Com pie ment, a full iram-
ber Com pii ment, expression of civility
Cous in> a relation
Coz en, to cheat Conn cil, an assembly Coun sei, advice
Cur rant, a berry
Current, passing, or a stream 3ecr, a wild animal DccU*, of great pi-ice
Dew, from heaven
Due, ov.'ed Die, to expire Dye, to color
Doe, a femaie deer
Doui^h, bread unbaked Dun, brown color Done, performed
Fane, a v.'eather cock
Fain, gl.dly
Feign, to dissemble Faint, weary Taint, a false march
Fair, comely
Fare, food, customary du- ty, CCC. Pel Ion, a whitlow Fel on, a criminal
Flea, an insect
Flee, to run away Flour, of wheat Flow er, of the field Ftjurtli, in numbe-r i'brcn, abroad Foui, nasty Fowl, a bir4
of Pronunciatlo-n.
Gilt, with ^old
Guilt, crime Grate, for coals Great, lare-c
Groan, to sigh
G rown . increased I Tail," to salute, or frozen
drops of rain Flale, 'sound, healthy
Hari:, a beast
Heart, W.t seal of life Hare, an animal Flair, of the head
Flere, in this place
Hear, to hearken Hew, to cut Flue, color
Him, that man
Flymn, a sacred song Hire, wages FFigh er, more high
Heel, of I he foot
Heal, to cure I, myself Eye, organ of sig.ht
Isle, an Island
lie, of a cL'Tirch In, witiiin Inn, a tavern
In dite, to compose
In diet, to prosecute Kill, to slay Kiln, of brick
Knave, a dishonest mas
Nave, of a v.iieel Knight, by honor Night, the evening
knov. , to be actiUaintetJ
No, not «o Knew, (lid know New, nfc>t Old
Aji Easy Standard
Knot, made bjr tying
Not, denyixig Lade, to dip water Laid, placed
Lain, did lie
Lane, a narro^r passage Leek, a root Leak, to run out
Les son, a reading
Les sen, to diminish Li ar, a teller of lies Lyre, a harp
Led, did lead
Lead, heavy metal Lie, a falseiiood, also to
rest on a bed Lye, water drained through ashes
Lo, behold
Low, humble Made, finished Maid, an unmarried woman
Main, the chief
Mane, of a horse Male, the he kintl Mail, armor, or a packet
Man ner, mode or custom
M^.n or, a lordship Meet, to come toLjether Meat, fiesh Mete, measure
Mite, an msect
^r.i^ht, strength Met al, gold or silver, &g. ^Ict tie, brisfcicss
Nau'^iU, bad
Noii^dit, lione Nay, no Neigh, as a horse
Oar, toix)W with
Ore, metal net separated
of Pronunciation. 1 4j7
Oh, alas
Owe, to be indebted
One, in number
Won, past time of 7tTn Our, belonginp: Hour, sixty minutes
Pale, wanting color
Pail, a vessel . Pain, torment Pane, a square of glass
Peel, the outside
Pe-d. upon the bclJs Pear, a fruit Pare, to cut oiT
Plain, even, or level
Plane, to make smooth Plate, a flat piece of metal- Plait, a fold in a garment.
Pray, to implore
Prey, a booty Prin ci pal, chief Prin ci pie, first mle
Proph et, a foreteller
Prof it, advantage Peace, tranquiUity Piece, apart
Rain, fiihng water
Rein, of a bridle
Reign, to rule Reed, a shrub Read, to pcrvvse
Rest, ease
Wrest, to force Rice, a sort of coni Rise, origin
Rye, a sort of grain
Wry, crooked Ring, to sound Wring, to twist
Rite, ceremony
Rigiu, jU5t .
t4^S An Easy Standa
Write, to form letters with
a pen Wright, a workman
Rode, did ride
Road, the highway E®e, a deer Row, a rank
Ruff, a neckcloth
Rough, not smooth Sail, of a ship Sale, a selling
Seen, beheld
Scene, of a stage See, to behold Sea, the ocean
Sent, ordered away
Scent, smell Sen ior, elder Seign or, a lord
Shore, side of a river
Shoar, a prop Smk, to go do\^Ti Cinque, five
So, thus
Sow, to scatter- Sum, the whole Some, a part
Sun, the fountain of light
Son, a male child Sore, an ulcer Soar, to mount up
Stare, to look earnestly
Stair, a step Steel-, hard metal Steal, to take without lib- erty
Si:c cor, help
Suck er, a young twig Sleight, dexterity Slight, to d©s]>ise
rd af Promindatsm .
Sole, of the foot
Soul, the spirit Tax, a rate Tacks, small nail*
Tale, a story
Tail, the end Tare, weight aliawed Tear, to rend
Team, of cattle or horses
Teem, to go with young Their, belonging to thc-m There, in that place
The, a particle
Thee, yourself Too, likewise Two, twice one
Tow, to drag after
Toe, of the foot Vale, a valley Veil, a covering
Vein, for the blood
Vane, to shew the cour&< of the wind Vice, sin Vise, a screw
Wait, to tarry
Weight, heaviness Wear, to put on Ware, merchandize Were, past time plu.of am
Waste, to spend
Waist, the middle Way, road Weigh, to iwise
Week, seven clay*
Weak, not strong Wood, trees Would, was willing
You, plural of thee
Yew, a tree
Ail Basy Standard of PHrmmiaiion.'
TABLE LIV.
Q/* Abbreviations.
149
K. A.S. Fellow of the A- merican Academy
;^. A. S. FelloAv of the Con- necticut Academy
\. B. Bachelor of Arts
\. D. In the year of our Lord
\."Sl. Master of Alts, be- fore noon, or in tlie yeiMr of ihe world
3art. Baronet
5. D. Bachelor of Divinity*
Z, or Cent, an hundred
^apt. Captain
yol. Colonel
^ant. Canticles
>hiq). Chapter
^hron. Chronicles
lo. Company
>oni. Commissioner
'r. Credit
Zwt. Humh'ed weight
}. D. Doctor of Divinity .
)r. Doctor or Debtor
)ec. December
)ep. Dei>nty
)eiil. Deuteronomy
)6. or ditio, the same
L. G. ,for example
^ccl. r-GclesiaSless
Ip. Epistle
:n:^-. Enyhsh
Iph. Kpi»esiuns
Isa. Esaias
Ix. Exumple, or Exodus
eb. February
1^ France, or Francis
N
F. R. S. Fellow of ^le Royu^ Society
Gal. Galatians Gen. Genesis Gent. Gentleman Geo. George
G. R. George the King lieb. Hebrews
Hon. Honorable Hund. Hundred Ibidem, ibid. In the same
pl-ace Isa. Isaiah i. e. tliat is Id. the same . Jan. Januiiiy ^ Ja. James Jac. Jacob Josh. Joshuai K. King •* ■ Km. Kingdom Kt. Knigiit L. Lord or Lydy Lev. Leviticus Lieut.. Lieutetiurat L. L. D. Doctor of Lav/.s - L. S the place of the Seal Lona. London M. Marquis
M. B. Bachelor of Physie M. D. Doctor of Physic Mr. Master
Messrs. Gentlemen. Sirs Mi's. Misi'^ess M. vS. Manuscript M. IS. S. Manuscripts Mat. Mathd^v
ISO An Easy Standard
Math. ^-.lathemaucs
N.B. take particular notice
Nov. November
No. Number
N. S. New Stile
Obj. Objection
Oct. October
O. S. Old Stile
Pari. Parliament
Per cent, by tke hwidred
Pet. Peter
Fhil. Philip
Philom. a lover of learning
P. M. Afternoon
P. S. Postscript
Ps. Psalra
Q. Question, Qut^en
q d. as if he should say
4|. 1. as much as you please
Ecgr. Register
Rev. Revelation, Reyerfrsd
of FronunciatioTU
Rt. Hon. Right Honorable-.
S. South and Shilling
St. Saint
Sept. September
Scrj. Sergeant
S. T. P. Professor of Di-.! vinity
S. T. D. Doctor of Divi- nity
ss. to wit, namely-
Theo. Theophiius
Tho.Thoinas
ThesSj Thessaionians-
V. or vide, see
Viz. to wit, namely .
\\'m.. . Vv ilham
Wp. Worsliip
S5.. and
&C. and so forth
U. S. A. United States ot America
EXPLANATION
Of the Pauses and other Characters used in
Vv^RlTING.
A comma, (,) is a pause of one syllable— A semieo!; Ion (;) two — A colon (;) four — A period (.) six — Ai interrogation point (?) shows v/hen a question is asked; as* What do ijou ate? An exclurafvtion point (!) is a mark o| wonder or sui'prise ; as. O tht- folly , of iiinriei's ! — Th« pause of these tMo points is the same as a colon or a pe- riod, and the sentence should usually be closed with a raised tone of voice.
() A parenthesis includes a pan of a sentence, which is not necessary to make sense, and should be read, quicker, and in a v»'«aker tone of voice.
[] Brackets or Hooks, include words that serve, to cx«; f\v\n a forcf^oing w©rd or sentence *
- A Hyphen joins words or syllables; as, sea-^ater.
* An ApoetropiK; shows when a letter is omitted, as 5«'i for used.
A^i Eastf Standard of PrGnuticiatwn, l J»J:
A A Caret shows when a word or number of words aj©.
my omitted thi'ough mistake ; ^s^ this is book.
A
" A quotation or double comma, inchides a passage that is taken from some otiier author in his own words.-
^y* Tkc index, points to some remarkable passage,
h The Parai^raph begins a nev»' subject.
1) The Section is used to divide chapters.
*tH An Asterisk, and other references, point to a note in the margin or bottom of a page.
OF CAPITAL LETTERS.
Sentences sboukl beg-in with a capital letter— Also, every line in poetry. Proper names, which are the names, of persons, places, rivers, mountains, lakes, kc. should^ begin with a capital. Also the name of the SuprcBie^ Being.
ADDITIONAL Li:SSV.\S.
DOMESTIC ECONOMY
Or, 7%<? History of The I rrr and UufHRiFTr, THERE is a grea-t difference among men, in their- abiHty to gain property ; but a still greater di [Terence. in their power of using it to yidvantage. Two men may* acquire the same amount of money, in a given time;, y^t one will prx)ve to be a poor man, while the other be- eomes rich. A chief and essential dilTerence in the ma-, nagement of property, is, that one man spends only the vUerest ©f bis money,, wlule another spendn the firin" citial,
I know a farmer by the name of Thrifty, wlio ma- nages his affairs in this manner : He rises early in the- morning, looks to the condition of hia b7U3e, barn, hom«- lot and stock — sees that his cnttle, hmses and hogs arc fed ; examms the tools to see whetlier they are all in good order for the woi;kmen — takes care that breakfast , is ready in due season, and begins work in the cool of. tlje day — When in the field, he keeps steadily at work,^ tlipugh not so violently as to fatigup >md exhaust the. bo-^
152 An Easy Standard of Pi'onvmciatton^
dy.' — nor does he stop to tell or hear lonjj stories — When the labor of the clay is past, lie takes refreshment, and goes to rest at an early hour — In this manner he earns and gains money.
When Thrifty has acquired a little pioperty, he docs not spend it or let it slip from him, without use or bene- fit. He pays his taxes and debts when due or called for, s-o th-dt he has no officers fees to pay, nor expenses of courts. He does not frequent the tavern and drink up, all his earmn^^s in liquor that does him no good. He puts his money to use, that is, he buys more laud, or stock, or lends his money at interest — in short, he makes liis money produce some profit or income. These sav- ing's and profits, though small by themsolvts, amount in a year to a considerable sum, and in a few years, they SAveli to an estate — Thrifty becomes a wealthy farmer, v/ith several hundred acres of land, and a hundred head of cattle.
Very different is the management of Unthrifty: He lies in bed, till a late hoia^ in tlie morning — tlien ri- ses, and goes to the bottle for a dram, or to tiie taveia for a glass of bitters — Thus he spends six cents berorc breakfast, for a dram that makes him dull aiid iieavy all day. He gets his breakfast late, when he ought to be at >v5ork — \\'hen he supposes he is ready to Ijegin the work ollhe day, he finds he has not the necessary tools, or some of them are out of order, — the plow-share is to be . Etait half a mile to a blacksni-ith to be mended ; a tooth or two in a rake or tlie handle of a hoe, is broke; or a sytlie oi' an ax is to be ground. — Now, he is iii a great hurry, lie bustles about to make preparation for work— . and what is done in a hurry is ill done— he loses a part ©f the day in getting ready — and perhaps the time of his workmen. At ten or eleven o'clock- he is ready to go la work — then comes a boy and teiis him, the sheep have csca[>ed fi-om the pasture — or the cows have got among- kis corn — o*' the hogs into the garden — He frets and storms, and runs to drive them out — a half hour or more time is lost in driving the cattle from miscliief, and re- pairing a poor broken fence — a fence that answers no piW'pos. but to lull him into security, and teacli his hor- ses, and cattle to be unruly— After all this feustle, the fs*.
An Eisy Standard of Pronunciation* 153 tigue of which is woi-se than common labor, Unthrifty is peady to begin a day's work at twelve o'clock.— Thus half his time is lost in supplying defects, Avhich proceed from want of foresight and good management. His small crops are damaged or destroyed by unruly cattle. — His barn is open and leaky, and what little he gathei'S, is in- jured by tike ruin and snow. — His house is in a iike^ con- dition— the shingles and clapboards fall off and let in bhe water, which causes the timber, floors and furniture to decay — and exposed to inclemencies of weather, his wife and children fall sick — their time is lost, and the mis- chief closes with a ruinous train of expenses for medi- cines and physicians. — After dragging out some years of disapi>ointment, misery and poverty, the la\7yer and the sheriff sweep away the scanty remains of his estate. This is the history of Ux thrifty — his principal is spent— he has no interest.
Not unlike this, is the history of the Grog-drinkeF. This man wonders why he does not thrive in the world ; he cannot see the reason why his neighbor Temfierance sliould be more prosperous than himself — but in truth, h« makes no calculations. Ten cents a day for grog, is a small sum, he thinks, which can hurt no man 1 But let us make an estimate — arithmetic is very useful for a Bfian who ventures to spend small sums every cfey. Ten cents a day amount in a year to thirty-six dollars and a half — a sum sufficient to buy a good farm horse ! This surely is no small sum for a fa-nner or mechanic— .But in ten years, this sum amounts to three imndred and sixty five dollars, besides interest in the mean time 1 \Vhat an amount is this for drams and bitters in ten years I it is money enough to build a small house I. But look at the amount in thirty years '.—One thousand and ninety five dollars ! What a vast sum to run down one man's throat in liquor — a sum that will buy a farm sufficient to main- tain a small family. Suppose a family to consume a Gfaart of spirits in a day, at twenty five cents a quart. The amount of this in a yeia> is ninety one dollars and a quar- ter— in ten years, nine hundred and twelve dollars and a half — and in thirty years,two thousand, seven hundred an*.] thirty seven dollars and a half I A great estate, may th-ns
1 54 An Easy Standard of Pronunciation,
be consumed, in single quarts of mm I What mischief is
done by the love of spirituous liquors !
But, says the laboring man, " I cannot work withoiTt spirits — I must have something to give me strength.'*' Then drink bometliing that will give dumble nourishment — Of all the substances taken into the stomach, spiritu- ous liquors contain the least nutriment, and add the least to bodily vigor. Malt liquors, melusscs and water, milk and water, contain nutriment, and even cyder is not ^vholly destitut'e of it— -but distilled spirituous liquors coii- tain little or none.
But says the laborer or the traveller, "spirituous U- qviors warm the stomach, and arc very useful in cold weather"— No, this is not correct. Spirits enliven the feelings for half an hour — but leave the body more dull, languid and cold than it was. before. A man will freeze the sooner for drinking spirits of any kind. If a man wishes to guard against cold, let him eat a biscuit, a bit of bread or a m^al of victuals. Four ounces of bread will give a more durable warmth to the body, than a gallon of spirits — food is the natural stimulant or exciting power of the human body—it gives warmth and strength, and docs Rot leave th.e body, as spirit does,mo4'e feeble and languid. —The practice of drinking spirits i^ivcs a man red eye&j a bloated face, and an empty purse — It injures the liver, produces dropsy, occasions a trembling of the joints and limbs, and closes life with a slow decay or palsy — This is a short history of the drinker of distilled spirits, if a few drinking men are found to be exceptions to this account, still the remarks are tiiie, as they apply to most cases. Spirituous liquois shorten more lives than famin, pestr- lence and the sword !
LESSONS ON FAMILIAR SUBJECTS. ALL manlJnd live on the fruits of the earth — the fir*i and most necessary employment therefore is the tillage, ©f the ground, called agriculture, husbandry, or farm- ing. The farmer clears his land of trees, roots and istones — he surrounds it with a fence of poles, posts and rails, stone-wall, hedge or diteh. He plows and hari-ows.or drags the soil, to break the clods or turf, and make it mel* low. aiid pliable — -he manures it also, if nece&sary, wivh
An Easy Stmidard Qf Pronunciation 155
stable chiiig, ashes, marl, plaster, lime, sea-shelLi, or de- cayed \egetai)]e substances. He plants maiz in rows, or sov.-s wheat, btdley, i-ye, oats, buckwheat, ilax oi- kemp. Ke hoes the iiiaiz- two or tiiree times, kills the weeds and draws the cartii round the hills to support and nour- ish the pkmts — When the gi'am is ripe, he reaps or ci*a- dies his grain, and pulls the flax. — The ears of maiz are picked by hand, or the stalks cut with a sickle or knife and the husks are stripped ofF, in the evei-ing. With what joy does the farmer gather his crops, of the fcnner and latttr harvest I — He toils indeed, but he reaps the fruit of his labor in peace — he fdls his i^ranary in summer, and in autumn presents a thank-oueiing to God for his bounty.
Set the mower, hov/ he swings his sythe ! — The grass falls pi-ostrate before him — the glory of tiie field is laid low — tiie land is stripped of its verdant covering. See the stripling follow his father or brother, and w ith a pitch fork, spread the thick swath, and shake the grass about the meadovv ! How fragrant the smell of new made hay — ho\y delightful th-e task to tend it !
Enter live fijrest of the wilderness — See liere and there a rustic dwelling made of icgs — a httle spot cleared and cultivated — a thatched hovel to shelter a cow and her food — the forest resounding with the ax-man's blows, as he levels tlie siurdy beach, maple, or hemlock; while the crackliw*; fire aicB his hands, by consuming the massy piles of wood which he cannot remove — Hear the howl- ing wolf, or w^atcii the nimble deer, as h-e bounds along aiiiai:g the trees — The faithful cow, in search of sin-ubs and twigi, strays from the cottage, and the owner seeks her at eveviing, in tiie gloomy forest ; led by the tmkiing ©i the bL;ll, he fin<ls and drives her horn'*. A bow] of bread and milk, furnishes him with liis frugal repast ; he retires weary to rest — and the sleep of the laboring man is sweet.
See the dairy woman, while slie fills her pails with new milk — the gentle cows <]iiRtly chev.ing their cudis by iicr side. Enter the miik-r-.>om, sec the pans, pails and tubs, how clean an<l sweet, all in order, and ut fbrAi-sc ! Thi milk strained and put in a ^ooi plr.cc — the cream hkimmscl oilier butter,«r Uie miiU set for ekcese
tS^ An Eaty Standard of Pronunciation,
—Here is a churn as white as ivory — there a cheese- press forcing the ^ hey from the curd ! See the shelves filled with cheeses — \Mjat a noble sight I ^iil butter as yellow as the pur tit gold I
George, let us look into the work-shops among tlic mechanics. Here is a carpenter, he squares a post or a beam ; he scores or notches it first, and then hews it with his Li oad-ax. He bores holes with an auger, ai>d with the help of a chisel forms a mortise for a tenon. He measures with a scjuare or rule, and marks his work with a conipass. Each timber is litled to its place. The sills support the posts, and these support the beams. Braces secure the frame of a building from swaying or leanir.g — Girders imd joists support tlie floors; studs, with the j^osts, support the wails, aiid rafters uphold the roof.
Is'ow comes the joiner with his chest of tools. He plains the boards, joints the shingles, and covers tlie buildi-ng— With his smw he cuts boards, with his gimolet or whimble, he makes holts for nails, pins or spikes,-— with his chisel and gouge, he makes moitises.
Then comes the mason with his trowel- — the laths are nailed to the studs cu>d joists to support the plaster, first a reugh coat of coai-se mortar of lime and sand is laid on, and tliis is covered with a beautiful v.hite plaster. And last of all comes the painter with his brush and oil-pots — he mixes the oil and white lead, and gives to the apartments the color which the owner or his lady se^ fit to direct.
A MORAL CATECHISM.
QucniiGn. WHA7' is moral virtue ?
Ans%\ er. It is an honest upright conduct in all our deal- mgs with men.
Q. What rules Juvue ivc tv direct us in our moral con.' duct ?
A. God's word, contained in the bible, has furnished all necessary ruiet to direct our conduct.
Q. In ivhut fiarr of the bible are these rulc-fi to be found?
A. In almost every pa. t ; but the mo:jrL important du- ties bet'vA ecu njcn are summed up in the begiimrUig of Mattiiew, inL:.KisT's Sermon on the Mount.
An Easy Standard of Pronunciation. 1S7 Of humility.
Q. H%at is humility ?
A. A lowly temper of mind.
Q, JVIiat are the advantages ofhumiUtij?
A. The advantages of humUity in this life arc very numerous and great. The humble man has few or no enemies. Every one loves him and is ready to do him good. If he is rich and prosparous, people do not enTy him ; if he is poor and unfortunate, every one pities hiirii and is disposed to alleviate his disti'esse*.
Q. What is [lyidc 7
A. A \i)h^ high mmded disposition.
Q. Is pride comineiulable ?
A. By no means. A modest, self approving^ opinion of «ur own good deeds is very right — it is natural — it is a- g'l eeable, and a spur to good actions. But we should not suffer our heiu Ls to be blo-vvn up Vr^ith pride, whatever great and good deeds we have done ; for pride brings upoa us the iil-vvjll of m-ankind, and displeasure of our Maker.
Q. What effect ,-ias hundlity u/iq71 our oivii minds ?
A. iiumillty is attended witli peace of mind and self- satisfaction. Tlifc huKible m,an is r^ot disturbed with cross accidents, oTid is never fretful and uneasy ; nor does he repine when others grow rich. He is contented, because his mind 'is at ease.
Q. Whut is the effect cffiridc on a man's Itafijuness ?
A. Pride exposes a man to numberless disappoint^' ments and mortifications. The proud man expects moi'C attention and respect v/ill be paid to him, than he db* senes, or than others are willing to pay him. He ib ne- glected, }aup;lied at and despised, and this treatment frets him, so that his own mind becomes a seat of torment. A proud man cannot be a happy man.
Q, llliat has Christ saidy respecting the virtue ofhu^ miiity ?
A. He has said, ^^ Blessed are the poor in spirit for theirs is the kingdom of heavea.** Poorness of spirit is humility ; and this humble temper prepai'e* a man far heaven, v/here all is. peace and love.
O
158 A7i Easy Staiidard of Pronunciation*
Of mercy.
Q. IVJiat is mercy ?
A. It is tenderness of heart.
Q. What are the advantages of this virtue ?
A. The exercise of it tends to diffuse happiness and lessen the evils of life. Rulers of a merciful temper will make ihtixgood subjects happy; and will not torment the bad^ with needless severity. Parents and masters will Rot at)use their children and servants with harsh treat- ment. More love, more confidence, more happhiess, will subsist among men, and of course society will be liappier.
Q. Should not beaats as well as men be treated laith Thercy ?
A. They ou^ht indeed. It s wrong to give needless pain even to a beast. Cruelty to the brutes shows a man has a hard heart, and>if a man is unfeeling to a beast, he will not have much feeling for men. If a man treats his beast with cruelty, beware of trusting yourself in his pow- er. H»e will probably make a severe master and a cruel liusbaJid.
Q. Hgiv docs cructy shov) its effects ?
A. A cruel disposition is usually exercised upon those who are under its power. Cruel rulers make severe laws which injure the persons and properties of their subjects. Cruel officers execute le.ws in a severe manner, when it is not necessary for public good. A cmel husband abu- ses his wife and children. A cruel master acts the ty- rant over his apprentices and servants. The effects of cruelty are, hatred, quarrels, tumults and wretchedness.
Q. What does Christ say of the merciful man?
A. He says he is " blessed, for he shall obtain mer- cy." He Avho shows mercy and tenderness to otliers, will be treated with tenderness and compassion himself. Of PEACE-MAKERS.
Q. Who are peace-makers ?
A. All who endeavor to prevent quarrels and di«- putes simong men ; or to reconcile those who are sepa^ rated by strife.
Q. is it unla'uful to contend with others on any occasion?
A. It is impossible to avoid some differences with
An Easy Standard of Proiuinciatton, 1 59 mtn-y disputes should, be always conducted with tem- per and moderation. The man who keeps his temper will not be rash, and do or say Lhmgs which he will after- wards repent of. And though men should sometimes dif- fer, still they should be friends. They shoukl be ready to do kind offices to each other.
Q. IVImt is the reward of the peace-maker ? A. He shall be " blessed, and called the ciiild of God.*' The mild, peaceable, fnendly man, resembles God. What an amiable character is this I To be iilte our hea- venly Father, that lovely, perfect and glorious being, who is the source of all good, is to be the best and happiest of men.
Of purity of HEART. Q. Wfiai is a pure heart ?
A. A heart free fro-m all bad desires, and inclined to €Ohform to the divine will in all things.
Q. Should a man*s intentions as nvell as Ms actions be good ?
A. Most certainly. Actions cannot be called good^ un- less thev proceed from good motives.. We should wiatu to see and to make all men belter and happier— we should rejoice at their prosperity. This is benevolence. Q. What reward is premised to the Jmvs in hcari? A. Christ has declared " they shall see God." A pure heart is like God, and those who possess it shall dwcVi in his presence antl enjoy his favor for ever. Of ANGER. Q. la it right erjer to be angry?
A. It is right in certain cases that we should be an- - gry ; as v/hen gross affronts are offered to us, and inju- ries done us by design. A suitable spirit of resentment,- in such cases, will obtain justice for us, and protect usr from further insults,
Q. By vihat rule should anger be governed ? A. We should never be angry without cause ; that is, we i;hould be certain that a person means to affrom, in-- jure or insult us, before we sufTer ourselves to be angry. It is wrong, it is mean, it is a mark of a little mind to take fire at every little trifli-ng dispute. And when we have real cause to be angry, w« should observe mode-
•too An Easy Standard of Pronunciathn, ration. We should never be in a passion. A passionate Bian is like a madman und is always inexcusable. We should be cool even in anger 5 and be angry no longer fhan to obtain justice. In short, we should " be angry and sin not."
O? REVENGE.
Q. What is revenge ?
A. It is to injure a man because he has injured us>,
Q. Is this justifiable?
A. Never, in any possible case. Revenge is perhaps the meanest, as well as wickedest vice in society.
Q. What shall a mmi do to obtain justice nvhen he is iH' jured P
A. In general, laws hare made provision for doing; justice to every man ; and it is right and honorable, when a man is injured, that he should seek a recompence. But a recompence is all he can demand, and of that he should not be kis own judge, but should submit the mat* te-r to judges appointed by authority.
O. £ut suppose a man insults u9 in such a manner thai the law cannot give us redress ?
A. Then forgive him. " If a man strikes you on one cheek, turn the other to lilm," and let him repeat the abuse, rather than strike hini^
Q. Butifnve are in davger /rofn the bloW» of anotlt^r^ nay Wf '^lot defend oursrlve^ f
A. Most certainly. We have always a right to defend ©ur ]^>ersons, property a>id families. But we have no rigVit to light and abuse people merely for revenge. It is nobler to forgive. " Love your enemies — bless thera that curse you — do gcod to them that hate you— pray for them that use. you ill," — these are the commands of the blessed Savior of men. The man who does this is great and good ; he is as much above the little, mean, VevengefulTnan, as virtue is above vice, or as heaven ia higher than hell.
Of justice.
Q. What is justice ?
A. It is giving to every man his dye.
Q. Is it al-ivays easy to hioiu ':v/:'vf i^ just ?
A. It is g^enerally easy ; and v/hure there is any dii!*-
Ati Easy Standard of Pronunciatian* 161'
culty in determimng, let a man consult th€ golden rul«
." To do to others, what he could reasonably wish they should do to him, in the same circumstances."
Q, What are the ill cfTccts of injustice ?
A. If a man does injustice, or rather, if he refuses to do justice, he must be compelled. Then follows a law- suit, with a series of expenses, and what is worse, ill- blood and enmity between the parties^ Somebody is al- ways the worse for law-suits, and of course society is Icaa happy.%
Of generosity.
Q. What is generosity ?
A. It is some act of kindness performed for anqth^i? which strict justice does not demand.
Q. Is this a virtue ?
A. It is indeed a noble virtue. To do justice, is well ; • but to do more than justice, is still better, and may pro- ceed from nobler motives.
Q. Wh(jt Jias Christ said reshecting generosity ?
A. He has commanded us to be generous in this pas- sage, " Whosoever shall compel (or urge) you to go a mile^ go with him tivo.'*
Q. Are we to perform this literally ?
A. The meaning of this command v.'ill not always re- quire this. — But in general we are to do raiore for others than they ask, provided we can do it, without essentially injuring ourselves. We ought cheerfully to suffer many inconveniences to oblige others, though we are not rs- :juired to do ourselves any essential injury.
Q. Ofivlmt advantage is generosity to ihc man w/w ex^ Seises it P
A. It lays others under obligations to the generous man ; and the probability is, that he will be repaid three fold. Every man on earth wants favors at some time or !)ther in his life ; and if we wi'U not help others, others mUl not help us. It is for a man's interest to be generous,
Q. Ought vfe to do kind actions because it is for our iiu erest?
A. This maybe a motive at all times ; but if it is the principal metive, it is less honoi-able. We ought to ck) O 3
{ 62 An Eaf-y Standard of Pronunciation. j^-ood, as we have opportunity, at all times and to all men, whether -VTC expect a reward or not; for if we do good>. sornebedy is the happier for it. This alone is reason cnougli, why we should do all the good in our poweu.
Of gratitude.
Q. What is gratitude. ?
A. A thankfulr,ess of heart for favors received. -
Q. Is it a duty to be ikankfulfor fcroors ? ,
d. It is a duty and a virtue. A man who does not feel grateful for kind acts done for him by others, does not deserve favors of any kind. He ought to be shut out from the society of the good. He is worse than a sa\ij| age, for a savage never forgets an act of kindness. 1 Q What is the effect of true kijidness ? A. It softens the heart towards the generous man, and every thing which subdues the pride and other un- social passions of the heart, Hts a man to be a better citizen, a better neighbor, a better husband and a better friend. A man who is sensible of favors and ready to acknowledge them, is more inclined to perfonii kind of- fices, not only towards his benefactor, but towards all «thers..
Op truth.
^. What is truth ?
A. It is speaking and acting agreeable to fact.
Q. Is it a duty to aiieak truth at all times ?
A. If we speak at all, we should tell the truth. It is uot always necessay to tell what we knov»\ I'here are many things which concern ourselves and. others whick v/e had better not publish to tlie v/orld.
Q. What rules are there resjiecting. tlie publishing of truth ?
A. 1. Whe^n we are called upon to testify in courtSi we should speak the whole truth and that without dis- guise. To leave out small circumstances, or to give a coloring to others, with a view to favor one side more than the other, is to the highest degTee criminal.
2. Whsn we ioiow soipetbing of our neighbor which
An Easy Standard $f Pronuncluthon . 1 63
is against his character, Ave may not publish it, «nlcs8- to-prevent his doing an injnry to another person.
3. When we sell any thing to another, we ought not to represent the article to be better tiian it really is. If there are faults in it wliich may easily be seen, the law of man does not require us to inform the buyer of these fiaults, because he may see them himself. But it is not honorable nor generous, nor strictly honest to conceal even apparent faults. But when faults are out o/ sight, the seller ought to tell the buyer of them. If he does not, he is a cheat and a downright knave.
Q. What are the ill effects of lying and deceiving ?
A. The man who lies, deceives or cheats, loses his re- putation. No person will believe him, even when he speaks the truth ; he is shunned as a pest to society.
Falsehood and cheating destroy all confidence between man and man ; they raise jealousies and suspicions a- mong men ; they thus weaken the bands of society and destroy happiness. Besides, cheatmg often strips people of their property, and makes them poor and wretched.
Of charity and GIVING ALMS.
Q. What is charity ?
A. It signifies giAing to the poor, or it is a favorable opinion of men and their actions.
Q. When and hciv Jxir is it our duty to give to the fiocr f
A. When others really v/ant what vre can spare with- out material injury to ourselves, it is our duty to i};ive tliem something to relieve their wants.
Q. When persons are reduced tc nvcr.t by their own la- ziness andvicecy by drunker.ness^ _ gambling and the likey is it a duty to relieve them ?
A. In general, it is not. TJie man who gives money and provisions to a lazy, vicious man, becomes a par- taker of his guilt. Perhaps it may be riglit, to give such a man a meal of vicluals to keep him fi om starv- ing, and it is certainly right to feed his wife and family, and make them comfoitable.
Q, WhQ are tliejiropcr objects of charity ^
164 An Easy Standard of Pronunciation*
A. Persons who are reduced to want by sickness, ua* avoidable losses by fire, storms at sea or land, drouth or accidents of other kinds. To such persons we are com- Hiandedtogive; and it is our own interest to be chari- table ; for we are all liable to misfortunes and may want charity ourselves.
Q. In what manner should nve bestoiu favors ?
A. We should do it with gentleness and affection ; putting on no airs of pride and arrogance. We should also take no pains to publish our charities, but rather to conceal them ; for if we boast of our generosity, we discover that we give from mean, selfish motives. Christ commands us, in giving alms, not to let our left hand know what our right hand doeth.
Q. Hoiv can charity be exercised in our ofiitiions of others ?
A. By thinking favorably of them and their actions* Every man has his faults ; but charity will not put a> harsh construction on another's conduct. It will not charge his conduct to bad views and motives, unless this appears very clear indeed.
Of avarice.
Q. What is avarice ?
A, An excessive desire of possessing wealth;
Q. /6' this commendable ?
A. It is not ; but one of tlie meanest of vices-
Q, Can an arvaricious man be an honest man ?
A. It is hardly possible ; for. the lust of gain is alnMJSt- always accompanied with a disposition to take mean and undue advantages of others.
Q, What effect has avarice ufion the heart ?
A. It contracts the heart — narrows the sphere of be^ nevolerjce— blunts all the fine feelings of sensibility, and sours tte mind towards society. An avaricious man, a iftiser, a niggard, is wrapped up in selfishness, Hke some worms, which crawl about and eat ftir some time to fill themselves^ then wind themselves up^ in separate cover* at^gsand die.
An Easy Standard of Pronun c iation. 165
Q. What injury is done by ca^arice to society ?
A. Avarice gathers together more property, than the owner wants, and keeps it hoarded up, where it does no good. The poor are thus deprived of some business, some means of support ; the property gains nothing to tlie community; and somebody is kss happy by means of tiiis hoarding of v/ealth.
Q. In Kvkat pToJiortion does avarice do hzirt ?
^. In an exact pix)portion to its power of doing good. The miser's heart grows less.^ in proportion as his estate arrows larger. The more money he has, the mere he has people in his power, and the mere he grinds the ace of the poor. The larger the tree and the mors spreading th-e bre.nches, the m.ore small plants are shad- ed and robbed of their nourishment.
Of frugality and economy.
Q. Who: is the dzstiuction between ^^rugaUiy cmd ava: ice ?
A. Frugality i« a prudent saving of property from leedless waste. Avarice gathers more and spends less han is necessary.
Q. What it £C3:zzTn'j ?
J. It is fiiigality in erp2n=es-^it is a prudent man- geraent of one's estate. It disposes of property for 5eful purposes without w££te.
Q. 110%) far dc€s true eccnoviy ejcterui ?
A. To the saving of every thing which it is not neces- iiy to spend for comfort and convenience ; and the eeping one's expenses v/ithin liis income or earnings.
Q. What is xi'asiefuir.ts? ?
A. It is the spending of money for what is not want- 'J. If a man drinks a dram which is not necessary for im, or buys a cane which he does not want, he wastes is money. He injures hirLself, as much as if he had iro'^vn away hism^oney.
Q. Is not xvastf o/ttn occasioyied by mere negligence ?
A. Very often. The man who does not keep his 3use and barn well covered ; who does not keep good nces about liis fields ; who suffers his farming ut«n-
>66 An Easy Standard of Pronunciation. sils to lie out in the rain or on tiie ground ; or his cattli to waste manure in the high v/ay, is as much a spend thrift as the tavern haunter, the tipler and the gamester
Q. Do not careleiis, slovenly fieofile 'a)ork Imrder than th neat and orderhj ?
ji. Much harder. It is more labor to destroy a growt of sturdy weeds, than to puU them up when tliey fin spring from the ground. So the disorders and abuse wiiich grow out of a sloven's carelessness, in tmie, bt come almost incurable. Hence such peoj^le work lil^ slaves, and to little effect.
Of industry.
Q. What is industry ?
A. It is a diligent attention to business in our^sev^r occupations.
Q. Is labor a curse or a blessing?
J. Hard labor or drudgery is often a curse, by ma mg life toilsome and painful. But constant modern labor is the greatest of blessings.
Q. Why then do people complain of it ?
A, Because they do not know the evils of not labonr Labor keeps the body in health and makes men reli all their enjoyments. " The .Icep of the Yf"^?^ is sweet," i) is his food. He walks cheerful and wlu lino- about his field or his shop, and scarcely kiiows pa
The rich and indolent first lose their heaitn for w: of action-They turn pale, their todies ^^^ ^^^r" va they lose their appetite for food and sleep, they > a out a tasteless life of dullness, without pleasure, and oi
useless to the world. ^ . , . o
Q. What are the %ther good effects of industry /
A. One effect is to procure an estate. Our Crea
h^.s kindly united our duty, our interest and happrnc;
iox the same labor which makes us healthy and che
fuk irivcs wealth. , -
Another good effect of industry is, to keep men fi
vice Not all the moral discourses ever deliverec
mankind, have so much eff^ect in checkhig the bad ]
^onsof men,in keeping order and peace, and mamtaii
An Ea6y Standard of Pronunciation, 167 ^moral virtue in society, as industry. Business is a source of health, of prosperity, of virtue aud obedience to law. ■ To iijake good subjects and good citizens, the first requisite is to educate every young person, in some kind of business. The possession of millions shcald not ex- cuse a young man from application to Imsiness ; and that parent or guardian \vho suffers his child or his ward to be bred in idleness, becomes accessary to tlie vices and disorders of society — He is guilty of *' not providing for his household, and is worse than an infidel."
Of cheerfulness.
Q. Is cheerfulness a virtue ?
A. It doubtless is, and a moral duty to practice it;
Q. Can ive be cheerful ivhtn %vej:lease ?
ji. In general it depends much on ourselves. We can often mold, our tempers into a cheerful frame.— We can frequent company and other objects calculated to inspire us v/ith cheerfulness. To indulge an habitual gloomiiiefs of mind is wsakn-ess and sin.
Q. What are the effects of cheerfulness on ourselves ?
A. Cheei-fuiness is a great preservative of health, over which it is our duty to watch with care. We have no right to sacriiice our health by the indulgence of a gloomy state of mind. Besides, a cheerful «ian will do more business, and do it better, than a melancholy •ne.
Q. mmt are the effects of cheerfulness on others ?
J. Cheerfulness is readily communicated t© others, by which means their happiness is increased. We are all mSuenced by sympathy, and naturally partake of Jthe joys and sorrows of others.
Q. What effect has vielanchcly on the heart f
A. It hardens and benums it — It chills the warm af- fections of love and friendship, and prevents the exercise of the social passions. A melancholy person's life is all rught and winter. It is as unnatural as perpetual dark- ness and frost.
Q. W/tat shall one do when ovenahelmed ivith grief?
A, The best method of expelling grief from the mind,
163 An Easy Stanaard of Pronunciation* 1
or of quieting its pains, is to change the objects that arc about us ; to ride from place to place, and frequent cheer- ful company. It is our duty so to do, tispecially when grief sits heavy on the heart.
Q. /.9 it not right to grieve for the loss of our friends ?
A. It is certauily right; but we should endeavor to iTiodeiiite our grief, and not suffer it to impair our health, or to grow into a settled melancholy. The use of grief is to soiuen the heart and make us better. But when our friends are dead, v/e can render them no further service. Our duty to them ends, when v/e commit them to the; grave ; but our duty to ourselves, our families and sur-j vi\ing friends, requires that we perform to them the customary ofTices of life. We sliould therefore remembei!' our departed friends only to imitate their virtues ; and not to pine away with uselsiss sorrow.
Q. Has not rcligiGu a tendency to fill the mind ivitft
ghOJH ?
yl. Trde religion never has this effect. Superstition and false nollons of God, often make men gloomy ; b'dt true, rational piety and religion have the contrary effect. They fill tlie mind with joy iind cheerfulness ; and the countenance of a tmly pious man should always wear a serene smile.
Q. IVhat has Chriat said concerning glcoiny Christians ?
ji. He has pronounced them hypocrites ; and com- manded his followers not to copy their sad countenancea and disfigured faces ; but even in their acts of humilia- tion to " anoint their heads and wash tlieir feet." Christ intended by this, tliat rehgion does Rot consist in, nor re- quire a monkish sadness and gravity ; on tJie other handj he intimates that such afi/:cara?ices of sanctity are gene: rally the marks of hypocrisy, lie expressly enjoins up^ on his follov/ers, marks of cheerfulness. Indeed, the o>i- ly true ground of perpetual cheerfulness, is, a conscious- ness of ever having done well, and an assurance of divine; favor.
FINIS.
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