STANDARD 0f perfect0 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2011 with funding from Boston Library Consortium Member Libraries http://www.archive.org/details/americanstandardOOdrev THE AMERICAN STANDARD OF PERFECTION AS ADOPTED BY THE AMEBICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION, AT ITS TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL MEETING, AT BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, 1898. CONTAINING A Complete Description of All the Recognized Varieties of Fowls. EDITED BY J- H. DREVENSTEDT. PRINTED AND PUBLISHED FOR THE AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION. 1898. TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN: The publishing of any portion of this Standard by any News* paper, Periodical, Magazine, Circular, Book, or any other pub- lication whatsoever, will be an infringement on the copyright, and will be prosecuted to the extent of the law. Copyright, 1898, BY THE AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION. I. K. Felch, Natick, Mass. President. Theodore Sternberg, Ellsworth, Kan. - Secretary. J. H. Drevenstedt, Johnstown, N. Y. - - Standard Editor. WEED-PARS' MS CO. Alba- CONTENTS. CONTENTS. A. PAGE. Anconas, Shape 6l Color , 72 Andalusians 73 B. Bantams, Booted White 169 Cochin, Buff, Black 174 " Partridge and White 174 " Brahma, Light and Dark 172 " Game c 143 " Golden Sebright 163 " Japanese, Black Tailed 178 Japanese, Black 181 Japanese, White ,.. 180 Rose-combed Black 168 Rose-combed White 167 " . Silver Sebright 164 Buff Laced 186 White Crested White Polish 185 Brahmas, Dark 43 Light.. 40 Shape 38 c. Cutting for defects 5 Cochins, Shape , 46 IV. CONTENTS. PAGE. Cochins, Black 56 Buff 50 Partridge 52 White 55 Crevecceurs < 112 Constitution and By-Laws 247 D. Dominiques, American 35 Dorkings, Colored 124 Silver Gray 122 " White 121 " Shape 118 Ducks, Aylesbury 212 " Black East Indian 223 " Call, Gray 220 Call, White 220 " Cayuga „ 217 " Colored Muscovy 227 " Crested White 224 •' Pekin 211 ** Rouen 214 " White Muscovy 228 *' Indian Runner 229 F. Frizzles <• . 193 G. General Disqualifications 4 Games, Shape 126 " Bantams 143 " Birchen 0 141 Black 140 CONTENTS. V. PAGE. Games, Black-breasted Red 130 " Brown Red . . . . 132 " Golden Duckwing 134 Red Pyle. .......... 138 " Silver Duckwing. 136 " White. 140 Geese, African.... 236 Brown Chinese ............... 238 Egyptian .......... „ . . . . . . . 244 Embden ........... o... . .: 234 Toulouse... 232 White Chinese... ............. 240 WTild or Canada 242 Glossary . . 6 H. Hamburgs, Black 103 Golden Penciled 98 Golden Spangled 93 Silver Penciled ... 100 Shape 91 Silver Spanglea 96 White 102 Houdans . , 109 I. Instructions to Judges I Indian Games, Shape « 144 " Cornish... 148 White 150 J. Javas, Shape 31 " Black 33 " Mottled 34 VI CONTENTS. PAGE. La Fleche 115 Langshans, Black 59 " White 60 " Shape 57 Leghorns, Black .. , 67 " Brown 64 Buff 68 " Duckwing, Silver 70 White 66 " Shape 61 M. Malays, Black-breasted Red 151 44 Bantams 155 Minorcas, Black . 78 4< White 79 Shape 76 Plymouth Rocks, Shape „ 15 Barred 18 White 19 Buff ' 20 Polish, Bearded Golden 87 44 Bearded Silver.. 89 44 Bearded White 89 44 Buff-laced „ . 90 44 Golden 90 44 Silver 90 44 White 90 White-crested Black 86 " Shape 83 CONTENTS. VII. PAGE. Redcaps • « 104 Rumpless • 194 s. Silkies 187 Spanish, White-faced Black 80 Sultans c iqo Sumatra, Black 156 T. Turkeys, Black 208 Bronze 196 " Buff , 202 Narragansett 199 Slate 204 " White Holland 206 w. Wyandottes, Shape . , . . 22 Black 30 Buff 19 Golden 27 Silver 24 White 28 INSTRUCTIONS TO JUDGES. Percentage. — The merits of all specimens shall be determined by a careful examination of all the points named, commencing with " Typical Carriage " and following the schedule through in the order named in "the " Scale of Points," deducting such per centum for defects as may be apparent from the full value of a perfect bird. Weight. —All specimens shall be judged according to their Standard weights; provided, however, that the disqualifying weights for chickens shall not apply until December rirst. In all breeds of fowls having weight clauses, except Bantams, deduct two points per pound for any deficit from the Standard weights, or in that proportion for any fractional part of a pound. In all varieties of Bantams deduct one-half point per ounce for any excess over Standard weights. In all varieties of Turkeys, Geese and Ducks, having weight clauses, deduct three points per pound for any deficit from Standard weights, or in that pro- portion for any fractional part of a pound. In all varieties of fowls except Bantams, all varieties of Turkeys and Geese, and all varieties of Ducks, except those prized for their smallness, when adult specimens are equal in their scores, the heavier one shall be awarded the prize; in all chicks or immature specimens, except Bantams, the one of less weight, if discounted for weight* having an equal score, shall be awarded the prize, but when each of such specimens are of Standard weight, the heaviest one shall win. In all varieties of Bantams, other things equal, the smallest bird shall win over the others. The Mediterranean varieties, especially Minorcas, must not be stilty, but must stand sufficiently high to avoid the appearance of clumsiness. All M 2 INSTRUCTIONS TO JUDGES. other requirements being equal, the largest bird must be given the preference. The weight clause must not be understood to mean that a small but over-fat bird is within the spirit of the standard, — the size must be proportionate to the weight, pre- serving the present style of a standard bird. Size. — Size shall be determined by comparison. In all varie- ties, except Call and East Indian Ducks, having a section denoted " Size," and not being subject to weight clauses, the largest bird, other things equal, shall win; in Call and East Indian Ducks this rule shall be reversed. Under-Color. — Where under-color is mentioned in the descrip- tion of any variety it applies to the downy part of each feather below the web. Cochin Feathering. — A great abundance of feathering being a characteristic of the Cochins, judges are instructed to give the fuller feathered specimens preference over those more scantily feathered. Sweepstake and Special Prizes. — In all sweepstake and spe- cial prizes, when specimens with weight clauses compete with those without weight clauses, one and one-half points shall be deducted from the scores of all specimens not subject to Stand- ard weights, and when solid-colored specimens compete with parti-colored specimens they shall be handicapped one and one- half points to each, and, after such deduction, the specimen then having the highest score shall be declared the winner. Scores Entitling Specimens to Prizes. — Specimens scoring less than eighty-five points should not receive a prize. Birds scor ing less than ninety points should not be entitled to a first prize. In exhibition pens no prize should be awarded if any bird in the pen scores less than eighty-five points, and no first prize should be given if the male scores less than eighty-eight points, and the pen less than one hundred and seventy-five points. Score Of Exhibition Pen. — In ascertaining the score of an exhibition pen, add the scores of the females together and divide the sum by the number of females in the pen; to the quotient INSTRUCTIONS TO JUDGES. 3 thus obtained add the score of the male and this sum shall be the score of the exhibition pen. To the Various Poultry Associations. — It is recommended that a bird to win a first prize should score ninety or more points; to win a second prize eighty-eight or more points; and that no prize shall be awarded to any specimen scoring less than eighty-five points; also, that prizes be awarded on single speci- mens and on exhibition pens only. It is further recommended that a pen to win a first prize shall not score less than 180 points with no specimen in the pen scor- ing less than 88; to win a second prize, the pen shall not score less than 178 points with no specimen in the pen scoring less than 87; to win a third prize the pen shall not score less than 175 points with no specimen in the pen scoring less than 86. It is further recommended that this Standard be made the rule by which all awards shall.be made at exhibitions, but the method of applying the same is left to the discretion of each society holding an exhibition. GENERAL DISQUALIFICATIONS. Judges finding any of the disqualifications enumerated below on any specimen, applying a Standard score, shall disqualify the same, and they shall state on the score-card the nature or name of the disqualification so found. In the Asiatic breeds, except Langshans, and in Cochin Ban- tams and Booted White Bantams, shanks not feathered down the outer sides; outer toes not feathered to the last joint. In Langshans, shanks not feathered down the outer sides, feathers not growing beyond the middle joint of the outer toes. In Silkies and Sultans, shanks not feathered down the outer sides. In all other breeds required to have unfeathered shanks, any feather or feathers, or down on shanks or feet or unmistakable indications of feathers having been plucked from same. Lopped combs; decidedly wry tails; crooked backs; plucked hocks; deformed beaks; absence of spike in all rose-comb breeds except Silkies; decided or pronounced squirrel tails in all breeds except Japanese Bantams. The comb on a specimen which merely turns over a trifle from the natural upright position is not to disqualify; for under all the disqualifying clauses the specimen shall have the benefit of the doubt. In all four-toed breeds, more than four toes upon both feet or on one foot. In all five-toed breeds absence of one or more toes. In all white varieties any feather on a specimen having posi- tive black or red in any part of the plumage. Entire absence of main tail feathers. White in the face of all Leghorn cockerels and pullets, except- ing Buff Leghorns. Black in the bean of all white ducks. [4] CUTTING FOR DEFECTS. Judges are asked in making Standard scores to value the defects in fowls as mentioned below, viz.: Too many or too few serrations on a comb, each -| point Side sprigs on comb, each Thumb marks in comb, not less than Rear of comb turning around, decidedly Coarseness of texture in comb Coarseness of texture in wattles A wing showing clipped flights or secondaries or both. . 2 points If both wings are clipped, debar the specimen from competi- tion. Absence of sickles in males, for each sickle I point Bare middle toe on Brahmas, each I " Purple barring in black plumage in each section where it may appear . . . . I " Eyes too light or too dark in color, both eyes -§■ " Eyes not alike in color. I " If an eye shows permanent injury, but retains its form. ^ " If an eye is destroyed, leaving only the socket I " Ear-lobes in all varieties of Wyandottes showing more than one-half the surface white 2 " Frosty edging in any laced section on either male or female in Silver and Golden Wyandottes in each sec- tion where it appears, not less than I ** [5] GLOSSARY OF TECHNICAL TERMS. Barring. — Marks or stripes across the feather at right angles or nearly so to its length. Beard. — A bunch of feathers under the throat of some breeds of fowls, such as Houdans and Polish. Breed. — Any race of fowls having distinctive characteristics in common. Breed is a broader term than variety and may include several varieties, as the Plymouth Rock has Barred and White varieties of that breed. Brood. — The family of chicks belonging to a single mother. Cape. — The feathers under and at the base of the hackle shaped like a cape. Carriage. — The attitude or style of a bird. Caruncles. — Small, fleshy protuberances or corrugations as on the head and neck of a turkey cock. Carunculated. — Having caruncles. Chick. — A newly hatched fowl. Chicken. — A term indefinitely applied to fowls under one year of age. Clutch. — A term applied both to the batch of eggs sat upon by a fowl and to the brood of chicks hatched therefrom. Cock. — A male fowl one year old or over. Cockerel. — A male under one year old. Comb. — The fleshy protuberance growing on the top of the fowl's head. The chief varieties of comb are single, rose,, pea, and leaf; all others being modifications of and properly classed with them. Condition. — The state of a fowl as regards health, cleanliness and beauty of plumage. [6] GLOSSARY OF TECHNICAL TERMS. f Crest. — A tuft of feathers on the head, of the same signifi- cance as the top-knot. Crop. — The receptacle in which a fowl's food is received before passing into the gizzard. Cushion. — The mass of feathers over the rump of a hen covering the tail, chiefly developed in Cochins. Dubbing. — Cutting off the comb, wattles and ear-lobes so as to leave the head smooth and clean. Duck-foot. — The carrying of the hinder toe forward. Ear-lobes. — The folds of bare skin hanging just below the ears, by many called deaf-ears. They vary in color, being red, white, blue and cream-colored. Face. — The bare skin around the eyes. Flights. — The primary feathers of the wing used in flying, but tucked under the wings out of sight, when at rest. Fluff. — Soft, downy feathers about the thighs and covering the posterior part of the bird, — chiefly developed in Asiatics. Furnished. — When a cockerel has obtained his full tail. comb, hackles, etc., he is said to be furnished. Gills. — The same as wattles, which see. Gypsy-COlor. — Dark purple approaching black. Hackle. — The neck plumage of both sexes. Hackles. — The peculiar, long narrow feathers on the neck of fowls. Henny or Hen-feathered. — The plumage of a cock resembling that of a hen from the absence of the pointed hackle and sickle- feathers, and in plumage generally. Hock. — The joint between the thigh and shank. Knock-kneed. — A term used to express an inward turning of the hocks by which they are brought nearly together while the legs extend outward and are spread at the feet. Leaf-comb. — The two-pronged, V-shaped comb, such as is seen in crested breeds, so called from a fancy resemblance to the open leaves of a book. Leg. — This includes the thigh and shank. 8 GLOSSARY OF TECHNICAL TERMS. Leg -feathers. — Feathers growing upon the outer sides of the shank, as in Asiatics. Lop-COmb. — A comb falling over to one side; in the Rose ot Pea-comb it must come in contact with the crown of the head on one side; in a Single comb some portion must fall below the horizontal plane where the Comb begins to lop. Mossy. — Confused or indistinct markings in the plumage. Obtuse Angle. — An angle containing over ninety degrees, i. z tail-feathers. 13. Wing-bow. 14. Wing-coverts, forming wing- bar. 15. Secondaries; whig-bay. 16. Primaries or flight-feathers i wing-butts. 17. Point of breast- bone. 1 8. Thighs. 1 9. Hocks. 20. Shanks or legs. 21. 6^z^r. 22. Tew #r claws. [13] DESCRIPTION OF BREEDS, CLASS I. AMERICAN. Breeds. Varieties^ ( Barred. Plymouth Rock i Buff. ( White. 'Silver. Golden.. Wyandotte -{ White. Buff. Black. JAVA } Mottled. Dominique American. SCALE OF POINTS FOR THE AMERICAN CLASS. Typical Carriage, & Weight, . 6 Condition, 6 Head — Shape 3, Color 3, 6 Comb, .., S Wattles and Ear-lobes, ....... 6 Neck — Shape 4, Color 6, , io> Back — Shape 5, Colors, iq Breast — Shape 5, Color 5, . ia Body and Fluff — Shape 3, Color 3, 6 Wings — Shape 4, Color 4, . - . . . & Tail — Shape 4, Color 4, ....... & Legs and Toes, 8 [15] IOO 1 6 PLYMOUTH ROCKS. PLYMOUTH ROCKS. STANDARD WEIGHTS. Cock 9! lbs. Hen 7! lbs. Cockerel 8 lbs. Pullet 6| lbs. SHAPE OF THE MALE. Head. — Of medium size, and carried well up. Beak. — Short, stout, regularly curved. Eyes. — Medium. Comb. — Single, medium or slightly below medium in size, in proportion to the specimen, set firmly upon the head, perfectly straight and upright, free from side sprigs, with five even and well-defined serrations, those in front and rear smaller than those in the center; fine in texture. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Ear-lobes of medium size and of fine texture; wattles moderately rounded and of equal length. Neck. — Of medium length, well arched, and nicely tapering, with abundant hackle flowing well over the shoulders. Back. — Broad, of medium length, and rising with a slight concave sweep to the tail. Saddle feathers of medium length and abundant. Breast. — Broad, deep, well rounded. Body and Fluff. — Body, of medium length, broad, deep, full, compact. Keelbone of medium length, straight and extending well forward. Fluff, moderately full. Wings. — Of medium size, well folded, the wing bows and points well covered by the breast and saddle feathers. Tail. — Of medium length, fairly well spread, carried moder- ately upright, forming no apparent angle with the back. Sickles of medium length, spreading laterally beyond the stiff feathers of the tail. Lesser sickles and tail coverts, of medium length, PLYMOUTH ROCKS. I 7 nicely curved and sufficiently abundant to well cover ihe stiff feathers. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, large, of medium length, well cov- ered, with soft feathers. Shanks, of medium length, stout, smooth, well apart. Toes, straight, strong, well spread, of medium length. SHAPE OF THE FEMALE. Head. — Of medium size and carried well up. Beak. — Short, stout, regularly curved. Eyes. — Medium. Comb. — Single, slightly below medium or small in size, in proportion to the specimen, set firmly upon the head, perfectly straight and upright, free from side sprigs, with five even and well-defined serrations: those in front and rear smaller than those in center; fine in texture. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Ear-lobes of medium size and of fini texture; wattles moderately rounded and of equal length. Neck. — Of medium length, well curved and nicely tapering to the head, where it is comparatively small, having a moder- ately full hackle flowing well over the shoulders. Back. — Broad, of medium length, and rising with a slight concave sweep, or incline to the tail. Breast. — Broad, deep and well rounded. Body and Fluff. — Body of medium length, broad, deep, full, compact. Keel bone of medium length, straight and extending well forward. Fluff, moderately full. Wings. — Of medium size, well folded. Tail. — Of medium length, fairly well spread, carried moder- ately upright, forming no apparent angle with the back. Tail coverts, well developed. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, of medium size and length, and well covered with soft feathers. Shanks, of medium length, Stout, smooth, well apart. Toes, of medium length and size, straight, well spread. 2 1 8 BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCKS. BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCKS. DISQUALIFICATIONS . Permanent white in ear-lobes; any entire feather or feathers of any color foreign to the breed, excepting those of solid black or solid white, or black and white. (See general disqualifi- cations.) COLOR of male: and female. Beak. — Yellow. In females yellow or with slight dark striping. Eyes. — Clear, rich bay. Face. — Bright red. Comb. — Bright red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Bright red. Shanks and Toes. — Yellow. Color of Plumage. — Body color bluish gray, barred with nar- row parallel lines of a dark blue that stop short of a positive black; the barring to be close in all sections of the body and on neck and saddle hackle narrower, and closer than in other sec- tions. The barring must positively show the entire length of the feathers in all sections where they are not mostly composed of down. In the primaries, secondaries and feathers of the tail the barring to be wider than in other sections. The shade of surface color to be nearly or quite uniform throughout. WHITE PLYMOUTH ROCKS. 1 9 WHITE PLYMOUTH ROCKS. DISQUALIFICATIONS . Permanent white in ear-lobes; shanks other than yellow. (See general disqualifications.) COLOR OF MALE AND FEMALE. Beak. — Yellow. Eyes. — Clear, rich bay. Face. — Bright red. Comb. — Bright red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Bright red. Shanks and Toes. — Yellow. Plumage. — White throughout, 20 BUFF PLYMOUTH ROCKS. BUFF PLYMOUTH ROCKS. DISQUALIFICATIONS . Permanent white in the ear-lobes; shanks other than yellow. (See general disqualifications.) COLOR OF THE MALE, Beak. — Yellow. Eyes. — Clear, rich bay. Face. — Bright red. Comb, Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Bright red. Shanks and Toes. — Yellow. Plumage. — Surface color throughout, one even shade of rich golden buff, free from shafting or mealy appearance; the head, neck, hackle, back, wing-bows and saddle richly glossed with a metallic lustre; under-color, a lighter shade, as free as possi- ble from all foreign color. Other things being equal, the speci- men showing the richest under-color shall receive the prefer- ence. Black or white showing in wings or tail shall be consid- ered alike objectionable. Different shades of buff in neck, back, wings or breast, or in two or more of those sections shall be considered a serious defect. One harmonious blending of buff in all sections is most desirable. COLOR OF THE FEMALE, Beak. — Rich yellow. Eyes. — Bay. Comb, Wattles, Ear-lobe and Face. — Bright red. Shanks and Toes. — Rich yellow. Plumage. — Surface color throughout one even shade of rich golden buff, free from shafting or mealy appearance, the head BUFF PLYMOUTH ROCKS. 2 1 and neck plumage showing a metallic lustre of the same shade as the rest of the plumage; under-color, a lighter shade, as free as possible from all foreign color. Other things being equal, the specimen showing the richest under-color shall receive the preference. Black or white showing in wings or tail shall be considered alike objectionable. Different shades of buff in neck, back, wings or breast or in two or more of these sections shall be considered a serious defect. One harmonious blending of buff in all sections is most desirable. 2 2 WYANDOTTES. WYANDOTTES. STANDARD WEIGHTS. Cock 8$ lbs Hen 6| lbs Cockerel 7§ lbs Pullet 5$ lbs SHAPE OF THE MALE. Head. — Short, round, and rather broad. Beak. — Well curved. Comb. — Rose, low, firm on the head, top oval in shape and the surface covered with small points or corrugations, the for- mer preferred, terminating in a small spike at the rear; the entire comb and spike curving slightly to conform to the shape of the skull. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, medium and equal in length, fine in texture, well rounded. Ear-lobes, well developed and smooth. Neck. — Short, well arched with abundant flowing hackle. Back. — Short, broad and flat at the shoulders. Saddle, broad, full, and rising with a concave sweep to the tail. Breast. — Broad, deep and fully developed. Body and Fluff. — Body, short, deep and well rounded. Fluff, full feathered and well rounded. Wings. — Of medium size, smoothly folded, not carried too high or too close. Tail. — Well developed, well spread at base. Carried fairly upright. Sickles, of medium length, gracefully curving over the tail, the ends projecting slightly. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, short, stout, well spread and well covered with soft feathers. Shanks, rather short and stout, and free from stubs or feathers. Toes straight. WYANDOTTES. 23 SHAPE OF THE FEMALE* Head. — Short, crown broad. Beak. — Well curved. Comb. — Rose, similar to that of the male but much smaller. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, rather short, fine in texture, evenly rounded. Ear-lobes, well developed and smooth. Neck. — Same as in the male, excepting a trifle shorter and more compact. Back. — Short, broad and flat at the shoulders, slightly cush- ioned; plumage abundant. Breast. — Broad, deep and fully developed. Body and Fluff. — Short, deep and well rounded. Fluff, full feathered and well rounded. Wings. — Same as described for the male, except the variation in shape of feathers on the wing-bows characteristic of the sex. Tall. — Well developed, well spread at the base. Carried less upright than in the male. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, short, stout, well spread and well covered with soft feathers. Shanks, rather short and stout. Toes, straight. 24 SILVER WYANDOTTES. SILVER WYANDOTTES. DISQUALIFICATIONS . Solid white ear-lobes; combs other than rose or falling over to one side; or so large as to obstruct the sight; shanks other than yellow in color. (See general disqualifications.) COLOR OF THE MALE. - Head. — Plumage, silvery white with a black stripe extending to a fine point. Beak. — Dark horn color shading to a yellow at the point. Eyes. — Bright bay. Face. — Bright red. Comb. — Bright red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Bright red. Neck. — Plumage, silvery white with a clear black stripe through the center of the web of each feather tapering to a point near the extremity; the white to be free from black or brown edging; the shaft of feathers may be white. Under-color, dark slate. Back. — Plumage, silvery white. Saddle, plumage, silvery white with a black stripe through center of the web of each feather the same as in the feathers of the hackle, having a taper- ing, diamond-shaped center of white. Under-color, dark slate. Breast. — Plumage, under-color, slate, web of feather black with large white centers which taper to a point near the extrem- ity, the black lacing to be lustrous black and sharply defined. Body. — Plumage, under-color, slate, web of feather black, the feathers having in male a narrow center of white extending well back under the thigh. Fluff. — Dark slate, powdered with gray. SILVER WYANDOTTES. 2$ Wings. — Primaries, black, the lower or outer edge edged with white. Secondaries, black with the lower or outer half of the lower web white. Wing coverts, the upper web black, the lower web white with a narrow black stripe along the edge, which widens as it approaches the tip, forming a double bar of laced feathers across the wing. Wing-bows, silvery white. Shoulder coverts, under-color slate, web white. Tail. — Glossy black. Tail-coverts, glossy black, the lesser coverts black with an edging of white, the same as in the saddle. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, plumage black with a narrow white center. Shanks and toes, bright yellow. COLOR OF THE FEMALE. Head. — Silvery gray. Beak. — Dark, horn-color, shading to yellow at the point. Eyes. — Bright bay. Face, Comb, Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Bright red. Neck. — Plumage, silvery white with a black stripe through the center of web of each feather, tapering to a point near the extremity. The white must be free from a black or brown edging; shaft of feather may be white. Under-color, dark slate. Back. — Under-color, dark slate. Web, black with medium white centers; the black to be free from outside white lacing; the white must be free from black or brown penciling; the black lacing to be sharply defined. Breast. — Plumage, under-color, slate; web of feather white, each feather evenly laced with black; the white center to be large and free from black or brown penciling; the black lacing to be free from a white edging. Body and Fluff. — Under-color, slate; web of feather black, with narrow white centers running into black, or black frosted with white, near the thighs. Fluff, dark slate, powdered with gray. 26 SILVER WYANDOTTES. Wings. — Primaries, black with lower outer web edged with white. Secondaries, black with the lower or outer half of lower web white. Wings and shoulder coverts, under-color, slate, web white, heavily laced with black, the black lacing growing wider over the wing-bow. Tail. — Black; greater coverts, black; lesser coverts, black, with narrow white centers. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, plumage, black, or black powdered with gray. Shanks and toes, bright yellow. GOLDEN WYANDOTTES. 2? GOLDEN WYANDOTTES. DISQUALIFICATIONS . Solid white ear-lobes, combs other than rose or falling over to one side, or so large as to obstruct the sight. Shanks other than yellow in color. (See general disqualifications.) COLOR OF MALE AND FEMALE. The same as in Silver Wyandottes, except substituting golden- bay for white. 28 WHITE WYANDOTTES. WHITE WYANDOTTES. DISQUALIFICATIONS . Solid white ear-lobes; combs other than rose or falling over to one side; or so large as to obstruct the sight. Shanks other than yellow in color. (See general disqualifications.) COLOR OF MALE AND FEMALE:. Beak. — Yellow. Eyes. — Bright bay. Face. — Bright red. Comb. — Bright red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Bright red. Shanks and Toes. — Yellow. Plumage. — White throughout, quills also. BUFF WYANDOTTES. 29 BUFF WYANDOTTES. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Solid white ear-lobes; combs other than rose or falling over to one side, or so large as to obstruct the sight. Shanks other than yellow in color. (See general disqualifications.) COLOR OF THE MALE* Surface color throughout one even shade of rich golden buff, free from shafting or mealy appearance; the head, neck, hackle, back, wing-bows and saddle richly glossed with a metallic lustre. Under-color, a lighter shade, as free as possible from all foreign color. Other things being equal, the specimen show- ing the richest under-color shall receive the preference. Black or white showing in wings or tail, shall be considered alike ob- jectionable. Specimens showing different shades of buff in neck, back, wings or breast, or in two or more of these sections on either male or female, shall be considered a serious defect. One har- monious blending of buff in all sections is most decirable. COLOR OF THE FEMALE. Surface color throughout one even shade of rich golden buff, free from shafting or mealy appearance; the head and neck plumage showing a metallic lustre, the same shade as the rest of the plumage; under-color a lighter shade, as free as possible from all foreign color. Other things being equal, the specimen showing the richest under-color shall receive the preference. Black or white showing in wings or tail, shall be considered alike objectionable. Specimens showing different shades of buff In neck, back, wings or breast, or in two or more of these sec- tions on either male or female, shall be considered a serious defect. One harmonious blending of buff in all sections is most desirable. 3C BLACK WYAND01TES. BLACK WYANDOTTES. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Solid white ear-lobes; comb other than rose or falling over one side or so large as to obstruct the sight. Shanks other than black shading into willow or yellow; bottom of feet other than yellow in color. (See general disqualifications.) COLOR OF MALE AND FEMALE. Beak. — Black, shaded with yellow. Eyes. — Bay. Face. — Red. Comb. — Red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Red. Shanks and Toes. — Black or black shading into yellow or willow. Bottom of feet yellow. Plumage. — Neck, back, saddle and coverts, a rich glossy black with greenish sheen. Breast, primaries, secondaries, tail and fluff, black. JAVAS. 31 JAVAS. STANDARD WEIGHTS. Cock 9$ lbs Hen 7^ lbs Cockerel 8 lbs Pullet 6 J lbs SHAPE OF THE OTAI.E. Head. — Of medium length and breadth. Beak, stout and well curved. Comb. — Single, rather small, perfectly straight and upright, firm upon the head, lower in front, with well-defined serrations, five in number. Watties and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, of medium length, smooth, well rounded, fine in texture. Ear-lobes, small. Neck. — Of medium length, arched, with abundant hackle. Back. — Long and broad, with abundant saddle feathers. Breast. — Long, deep and full. Body and Fluff. — Body, long, broad and deep. Fluff, moder- ate in quantity and even on surface. Wings. — Of medium length and well folded. Tail. — Of medium length, moderately full and expanded> carried at a moderate elevation, not high. Sickles, long and gracefully curved. Main tail feathers, of medium length. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, large, strong, medium length and well covered with close feathers. Shanks, of medium length, and stout in bone. Toes, of medium length, straight, strong and well spread. 32 JAVAS. SHAPE OF THE FEMALE. Head. — Of medium size. Beak, strong and well curved. Comb. — Single, small, perfectly straight and upright, fine in texture, low in front, with well-defined serrations, five in number. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, smooth, of medium size* fine in texture and well rounded. Neck. — Of medium length and arched. Back. — Long, saddle full near tail coverts. Breast. — Long, deep and full. Body and Fluff. — Body, long, broad and deep. Fluff, moder- ate in quantity and even on surface. Wings. — Of medium size, and well folded. Tail. — Of medium length, full and slightly expanded. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, large, strong, medium in length, and well covered with close feathers. Shanks, of medium length, stout in bone. Toes, straight, strong, well spread, of medium length. BLACK JAVAS. 33 BLACK JAVAS. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Lopped-comb; false color in any part of plumage. White in ear-lobes. (See general disqualifications.) COLOR OF THE MALE AND FEMALE, Face. — Red or gypsy color. Comb. — Red or gypsy color. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Red or gypsy color. Eyes. — Black or dark hazel. Shanks and Toes. — Black, or nearly black, with a tendency towards willow, which increases with age, but black preferred; bottoms of feet, yellow. Toes, same color as shanks except under part. Plumage. — Rich, lustrous black with greenish sheen, free from purple barring. 3 34 MOTTLED JAVAS. MOTTLED JAVAS. DISQUALIFICATIONS . Lopped-comb; red or brassy color in any part of plumage. White in ear-lobes. (See general disqualifications.) COLOR OF THE MALE AND FEMALE. Beak. — Horn or horn and yellow. Eyes. — Bay or red. Face. — Red. Comb. — Red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Red. Shanks and Toes. — Broken leaden blue and yellow. Plumage. — Mottled black and white throughout, the black predominating. AMERICAN DOMINIQUES. 35 AMERICAN DOMINIQUES. DISQUALIFICATIONS . Permanent white in ear-lobes; any feather or feathers, or por- tion of a feather of any color foreign to the breed, excepting those of solid black, or black and white. (See general disquali- fications.) STANDARD WEIGHTS. Cock 8i lbs. Hen 6^ lbs. Cockerel 7i lbs. Pullet 5^ lbs. SHAPE OF THE MALE. Head. — Of medium size and carried well up. Beak. — Short, stout, regularly curved. Eyes. — Large, clear. Comb. — Rose, not so large as to overhang the eyes or beak, firm and straight upon the head, square in front, free from hoi low in the center, uniform upon the sides, the top covered with small corrugations, terminating in a spike at the rear, the point of which turns slightly upward. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, broad, full, pendent. Ear- lobes, of medium size. Neck. — Of medium length, well arched, tapering, with abundant hackle. Back. — Broad and of medium length. Breast. — Broad, deep, full. Body and Fluff. — Body, broad, full, compact. Fluff, moder- ately full. Wings. — Of medium size, well folded, the wing bows and points well covered by the breast and saddle feathers. Tail. — Full, slightly expanded. Sickles, of medium length and well curved. 36 AMERICAN DOMINIQUES. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, large, strong and well covered with soft feathers. Shanks, of medium length, fine in bone. Toes, straight, well spread, of medium length. SHAPE OF THE FEMALE. Head. — Small. Beak. — Short, stout, regularly curved. Eyes. — Large, clear. Comb. — Rose, similar to that of the male, but much smaller. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, rather small, pendent. Ear-lobes, of medium size. Neck. — Short and tapering. Back. — Broad, and of medium length. Breast. — Round and full. Body and Fluff. — Body, broad, full, compact. Fluff, moder- ately full. Wings. — Of medium size, well folded. Tail. — Full, slightly expanded, carried at a moderate eleva- tion. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, large, strong, and well covered with soft feathers. Shanks, of medium length, fine in bone. Toes, straight, well spread, cf medium length. COLOR OF THE ftlALE AND FEMALE. Beak. — Yellow. Eyes. — Bright red. Face. — Bright red. Comb. — Bright red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Bright red. Legs and Toes. — Shanks and Toes yellow. Plumage. — Body color, grayish-white, each feather regularly crossed with parallel bars of blue-black, producing the effects of a bluish-tinged plumage; this color to be the same through- out the plumage. ASIATIC CLASS. 37 CLASS II. ASIATIC. Breeds. Varieties. Brahma -| Light. / Dark. fBuff. Cochin J £?ur.trid2e- | White. [ Black. Langshan •Swu-k' I White. SCALE OF POINTS FOR THE ASIATIC CLASS. Typical Carriage, ...... . . ; 8 Weight, 6 Condition, .......... 6 Head — Shape 3, Color 3 6 Comb, . ... 8 Wattles and Ear-lobes, ...... 6 Neck — Shape 4, Color 6, . . . . . . . 10 Back — Shape 4, Color 4, ..... . 8 Breast, — Shape 5, Color 5, . . ... . . 10 Body and Fluff — Shape 5, Color 3, .... 8 Wings — Shape 4, Color 4, 8 Tail — Shape 4. Color 4, 8 Legs and Toes, . 8 $8 BRAHMAS. BRAHMAS. SHAPE OF THE MALE. I. — Of medium length, broad, the crown projecting over the eyes. Beak. — Stout and well curved. Comb. — Pea, small, firm and even upon the head, lower and narrower at front and rear than center and distinctly divided, having the appearance of three small single combs joining to- gether at the base and rear, the largest and highest in the middle, each part slightly and evenly serrated; the serrations of the front and rear smaller than those of the center. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, of medium size and well rounded. Ear-lobes, large, pendent, the lower edges on a level with or slightly below the edges of the wattles. Neck. — Of medium length, well arched. Hackle, abundant, flowing well over the shoulders. Back. — Cape broad and flat across the small of the back, which with rear portion of back proper makes a gentle incline to hips, where the saddle takes a concave sweep to high upon tail coverts. Breast. — Broad, deep, round and full. Body and Fluff. — Body, deep and well rounded at the sides. Fluff, abundant, giving the bird a broad appearance. Wings. — Small, carried rather high and horizontal, sides well rounded. Primaries, closely folded under the secondaries. Tail. — Medium in size, full, well spread, carried tolerably upright, filled underneath with curling feathers. Sickles, short, spreading laterally. Coverts, plentiful but not so long as to cover the entire length of lower main tail feathers. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, stout and well covered with soft feathers. Shanks, of medium length, stout in bone, well apart, well feathered on outside. Toes, straight, stout, the outer and middle toes being well feathered. BRAHMAS. 39 SHAPE OF THE FEMALE, Head. — Of medium length, broad, the crown projecting over the eyes. Beak, stout, well curved. Comb. — Pea, very small and low, firm and even upon the head, with slight but distinctly defined serrations. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, exceedingly small. Ear- lobes, well developed. Neck. — Of medium length and well arched. Back. — Cape broad and flat across the small of the back, which with rear portion of back proper makes a gentle incline to hips, where the saddle takes a concave sweep to high upon tail coverts. Breast. — Broad, deep, round and full. Body and Fluff. — Body, deep and well rounded at the sides. Fluff, abundant, giving the bird a broad appearance. Wings. — Small, carried rather high and horizontal, the sides well rounded. Bows, fronts of which should be covered by the breast feathers. Primaries, closely folded under secondaries. Tail. — Rather small, well spread, carried high enough to con- tinue the concave sweep of the back. Tail coverts, one or more rows distinctly covering a part of both sides of the main tail, — two preferable. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, stout and well covered with soft feathers. Shanks, of medium length, stout in bone, well apart, and well feathered on the outside. Toes, straight, stout, the outer and middle toes being well feathered. 40 LIGHT BRAHMAS. LIGHT BRAHMAS. DISQUALIFICATIONS . Shanks of any color other than yellow or reddish-yellow; solid black feathers in the back; positive black spots prevalent in the web of the feathers of the back (except slight dark or black stripes in the saddle of males near the tail, or in the cape of either sex). Cocks not weighing nine pounds; hens not weighing seven and one-half pounds; cockerels not weighing seven and one-half pounds; pullets not weighing six pounds; vulture hocks. (See general disqualifications.) STANDARD WEIGHTS. Cock 12 lbs. Hen 9I lbs. Cockerel 10 lbs. Pullet 8 lbs. COLOROF THE MALE. Beak. — Yellow with a dark stripe down the upper mandible. Eyes. — Bay. Face. — Bright red. Comb. — Bright red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Bright red. Head. — Plumage, white. Neck. — Plumage, other than hackle, white; color of hackle, web white with a solid, glossy black stripe down each feather, one-half or more of its length, running nearly parallel with the edge of the feather, and tapering to a point near its extremity. Back. — Surface color of saddle white, except where the sad- dle hangers being the extreme rear portion of the saddle plum- age takes on the character of the tail coverts, being in web LIGHT BRAHMAS. 4 1 black laced with white, shall not be considered a defect. Under-color either white, bluish-white or slate. Cape, formed by the feathers at the base of the hackle and the top of the wing black and white. Breast. — Surface color, white; under-color, at juncture with the body, white, bluish-white or slate. Body and Fluff. — Plumage, surface color white, except under the wings, where it may be white, bluish-white or slate; under- color, white or bluish-white. Fluff, surface color white; under- color, white or bluish-white. Wings. — Bows, white, except their front, which may be partly black. Primaries, black or nearly black with a white edging on the lower edge of the lower web. Secondaries, lower portion of lower web white, sufficient to secure a white wing bay, the white extending around the points and lacing the upper portion of the upper web; this white growing wider as the secondaries comb upwards, balance of secondaries black; the five feathers between secondaries proper and back becom- ing white in their surface color. Tail. — Black, the curling feathers underneath, white or black. Sickles, glossy greenish-black. Coverts, glossy greenish-black. Lesser coverts, glossy greenish-black edged with white. Thighs. — Surface color, white; under-color, white, or bluish- white. Shank feathers, white, more or less mottled with black. Toe feathering, white or white mottled with black. Shanks and Toes. — Yellow. COLOR OF THE FEMALE. Beak. — Yellow or with a dark stripe down the upper mandible. Eyes. — Bay. Face. — Bright red. Comb. — Bright red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Bright red. Head. — White. 42 LIGHT BRAHMAS Neck. — Neck hackle, beginning at juncture of head with the neck, rich black edged with white, the black running nearly- parallel with the edge of the feather. Back. — Surface color white; under-color, white or bluish- white. Cape, formed by the feathers at base of the hackle and the top of the vving, white or black and white. Breast. — Surface color white; under-color, at juncture with the body, white or bluish-white. Body and Fluff. — Body, surface color white, except under wing, where it may be white or bluish- white; under-color, white or bluish-white. Fluff, white. Wings. — Bows, white. Primaries, black and white, the black to predominate, with a white edging on the lower edge of the lower web. Secondaries, lower portion of lower web white, sufficient to secure a white wing bay, the white extending around the points and lacing the upper portion of the upper web; the white growing wider as the secondaries black; the five feathers between secondaries proper and back becoming white in their surface. Tail. — Black, except the two highest main tail feathers, which may be edged with white. Tail coverts, black, edged with white. Thighs. — White. Shank feathers, white or white slightly mottled with black. Toe feathering, white or white mottled with black. Shanks and Toes. — Yellow. DARK BRAHMAS. 43 DARK BRAHMAS. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Cocks not weighing nine pounds; hens not weighing seven pounds, cockerels not weighing seven and one-half pounds; pullets not weighing five and one-half pounds; vulture nocks. (See general disqualifications.) STANDARD WEIGHTS. Cocks ii lbs. Hens 8£ lbs. Cockerels ... 9 lbs. Pullets 7 lbs. COLOR OF THE UIAL.E. Beak. — Yellow upon sides and horn upon the top. Eyes. — Bay. Face. — Bright red. Comb, — Bright red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Bright red. Head. — Silvery white. Neck. — Other than hackle, black. Hackle, silvery white, with a distinct black stripe down the center of each feather, tapering to a point near the end of the feather, and free from white shaft. Under color, black or dark slate. Back. — Surface color, silvery white, free from brown. Sad- dles, silvery wnite, with a black stripe down the center of each feather, the same as in the hackle. Under color, black or slate. Breast. — Black. Body. — Black or black slightly frosted with white. Fluff, black or black slightly frosted with white. Under color, black or slate. Wings. — Bows, silvery white. Primaries, black excepting a 44 DARK BRAHMAS. narrow edging of white on the lower edge of the lower web. Secondaries, black except the lower half of the lower web which should be white till near the end of the feather, at which point the white terminates abruptly, leaving the end of the feather black. Shoulder coverts, black. Wing coverts, glossy green- ish-black, forming a well-defined bar of that color across the wing when folded. Tail. — Black. Sickles, glossy greenish-black. Coverts, glossy greenish-black. Lesser coverts, glossy greenish-black or this color edged with white. Toe Feathering. — Black. Shank Feathering. — Black or black mixed with white, — the former preferred. Shanks and Toes. — Orange Yellow. COLOR OF THE FEMALE. Beak. — Dark horn. Eyes. — Bay. Face. — Bright red. Comb. — Bright red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Bright red. Head. — Silvery gray. Neck. — Black, edged with silvery white; the black running to a point near the end of the feather, conforming to the shape of the feather and free from white shaft; the center of feathers in hens may show penciling. Under color, black or slate. Back. — Gray with distinct dark penciling, the outlines of which conform to the shape of the feather; the feathers free from white shaft. Breast. — Same color as that of the back, the penciling reach- ing well up on the throat. Body. — The same as that of the back, the penciling reaching well down upon the thighs. Fluff, the same shade of gray as that of the body, and penciling very desirable. DARK BRAHMAS. 45 Wings. — Primaries, black with a narrow edge of gray pen- ciling on the lower web. Secondaries, the upper web dull black, the lower web gray, with distinct dark penciling. Shoulder and wTing coverts, the same as the breast and body, and well and distinctly penciled. Tail. — Black, except the two highest main tail feathers, which are penciled on the upper edge. Tail coverts, well pen- ciled the same as breast and body. Thighs. — The same shade of gray as the body, and penciling desirable. Shank Feathering. — The same as that of the thighs. Toe Feathering. — Same color as those of the shanks. Shanks and Toes. — Orange yellow. 46 COCHINS. COCHINS. STANDARD- WEIGHTS. For Buff, Partridge and White Cochins. Cock ii lbs. Hen 8^ lbs Cockerel 9 lbs. Pullet, 7 lbs. STANDARD WEIGHTS. For Black Cochins. Cock ioi lbs. Hen 8£ lbs. Cockerel gibs. Pullet 7 lbs. SHAPE OF THE COCHIN MALE. General Outline. — The Cochin Male should be a very deep, massive bird; showing great constitution; with a dignified car- riage and a tendency to lean forward; the keel carried low and the saddle, or cushion, well up. The outline of every section should be well rounded and free from any flat or concave surface. The great profusion of long loose plumage, with the great abundance of downy fibre in the under fluff, gives a large and bulky appearance, conveying the idea of even greater weight than in reality. Hard, or close plumage is a very serious fault. The Head. — Rather short, broad and deep; prominent over the eyes; the juncture with the neck well defined. The Beak. — Short, stout at the base and gently curved to the point. The Eyes. — Of medium size and mild in expression. The Face. — Of fine texture. The Comb. — Single, of medium size, low in front, beautifully rounded to the rear and divided into five regular points; the centre one being the highest. The notches moderately deep. Comb firm, of fine texture; stout at the base, perfectly erect COCHINS. 47 and straight from front to rear and free from any wrinkles or side sprigs. The Wattles. — Pendent, rather long and well rounded; in texture fine, smooth and thin. The Ear-lobes. — Well defined, hanging about two-thirds as low as the wattles; of very fine texture; free from any discolo. ration, which is very objectionable. The Neck. — Short, full and well proportioned; handsomely arched from rear of the head to the back. The hackle plumage very long and abundant, flowing well over the shoulder and cape. The Back. — Apparently short. Very broad and well rounded. The Saddle or Cushion. — Rising from the back at base of hackle or cape; very broad and round; convexed from side to side; the plumage very profuse and long; the saddle feathers flowing over the tips of the wings and mingling with the fluff and under plumage of the tail. The Tail. — Main tail, short and spread at the base; well filled underneath with a profusion of soft feathers and enveloped in the coverts and lesser sickles, showing as little stiff feathers as • possible; giving the saddle and tail as a whole a soft, round, bulky appearance. The Shoulders. — Very broad and fiat across under the hackle. The Breast. — Carried forward; very full and well rounded; of great breadth and depth. The Body. — From point of breast to abdomen, broad, deep and well rounded, medium in length; the abdomen well let down between the legs; broad and well rounded up from breast bone to tail, depending more for its fulness on the length of feathers than upon muscular development. The Wings. — Carried well up; small and completely folded; the fronts embedded in the plumage of the breast and the tips nicely tucked under the saddle plumage; wing bows smooth and exceedingly well cupped or rounded; loose or hanging flights very objectionable. The Legs. — Very strong and large; straight, and set well apart. 48 COCHINS. The Thighs. — Moderately long; the more long, soft outstand- ing plumage extending well down the shanks and covering the hock joints the better, giving them the appearance of two great globes of feathers concealing the legs from view. The Hocks. — Covered with flexible feathers, curving inward about the joints and free from vulture hocks. The Shanks. — Short, stout in bone, plumage long, beginning just under the hock joint and covering the front and outer sides of the shanks, from which it should be outstanding, the upper part growing out from under the thigh plumage and continuing into the foot feathering. There should be no marked break in the outlines between the plumage of these sections and each should merge naturally into the other and blend together. The Toes. — Straight, stout and well spread; the middle and outer toes being completely feathered to their tips. SHAPE OF THE COCHIN FEMALE. General Outline. — The Cochin Female should correspond, in a feminine way, with the male; but should be shorter and rounder, with a more plump appearance. The back seems longer on account of the difference in the character of the neck and cushion plumage. The cushion more pronounced, being very large and full, rising from the base of hackle or cape and very nearly covering the tail. The abdomen more fully devel- oped. The head, comb, wattles and ear-lobes much smaller than in the male and of the finest texture. The Head. — Neat looking; fairly full in the skull; fashioned after that of the male only finer in form. The Beak. — Short, stout at the base and gently curved to the point. The Eyes. — Of medium size and mild in expression. The Comb. — Single, small, perfectly straight and upright; divided into five points and nicely rounded to conform to the shape of the head; free from side sprigs or imperfections of any kind. cochins. 49 The Wattles. — Small, nicely rounded and of fine texture. The Ear-lobes. — Fairly well-defined; fine in texture; free from any discoloration, which is very objectionable. The Neck. — Short and nicely arched; the hackle plumage very full and flowing well over the shoulders and cape. The Back. — Apparently short; very broad and well rounded. The Cushion. — Rising very full from the back at base of hackle or cape; very large and round in form, the profuse plumage flowing over the tips of the wings and well into the thigh fluff, almost covering the tail feathers. The Tail. — Short and broad at base; well filled underneath with a profusion of soft feathers and nearly enveloped in the tail coverts, which help form the cushion. The Shoulders. — Broad and fiat across under the hackle. The Breast. — Carried low in front; full and well rounded; with great breadth and depth. The Body. — From point of breast to abdomen, broad, deep, full and well rounded; medium in length; the abdomen very full and round from breast bone to tail; with great length and fulness of feather; well let down between the legs. The Wings. — Small and completely folded; the fronts embedded in the plumage of the breast; the tips concealed between the cushion and thigh plumage; the wing bows smooth and exceedingly well cupped or rounded; loose or hang- ing flights ver)r objectionable. The Legs. — Medium in size ; straight, strong and set well apart. The Thighs. — Moderately long, with great profusion of long, soft outstanding fluff plumage, completely hiding the hocks and covering the shanks almost to the feet. The Hocks. — Covered with a profusion of soft, flexible feathers, curving inward about the joints and free from vulture hocks. The Shanks. — Short and stout in bone; the plumage long and very profuse. The Toes. — Straight and well spread; the middle and outer toes being completely feathered to their tips. 4 5<> BUFF COCHINS. BUFF COCHINS. DISQUALIFICATIONS . Shanks other than yellow in color; vulture hocks; plucked hocks; bare middle toes; cocks not weighing nine pounds; hens not weighing seven pounds; cockerels not weighing seven pounds; pullets not weighing five pounds. (See general dis- qualifications.) COLOR OF THE MALE, Beak. — Rich yellow. Eyes. — Bay. Comb. — Bright red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Bright red. Face. — Bright red. Legs and Toes. — Rich yellow. Plumage. — Surface color throughout, one even shade of -rich golden buff, free from shafting or mealy appearance; the head, neck, hackle, back, wing-bows, and saddle richly glossed with a metallic lustre; under-color, a lighter shade, as free as possi- ble from all foreign color. Other things being equal, the specimen showing the richest under-color shall receive the preference. Black or white showing in wings or tail shall be considered alike objectionable. Different shades of buff in neck, back, wings, or breast or in two or more of those sections shall be considered a serious defect. One harmonious blending of buff in all sections is most desirable. BUFF COCHINS. 5 I COLOR OF TH£ female. Beak. — Rich yellow. Eyes. — Bay. Comb. — Bright red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Bright red. Face. — Bright red. Legs and Toes. — Rich yellow. Plumage. — Surface color throughout one even shade of rich golden buff, free from shafting or mealy appearance, the head and neck plumage showing a metallic lustre of the same shade as the rest of the plumage; under-color, a lighter shade, as free as possible from all foreign color. Other things being equal, the specimen showing the richest under-color shall receive the preference. Black or white showing in wings or tail shall be considered alike objectionable. Different shades of buff in neck, back, wings or breast or in two or more of those sections shall be considered a serious defect. One harmonious blending of buff in all sections is most desirable. 52 PARTRIDGE COCHINS. PARTRIDGE COCHINS. DISQUALIFICATIONS , Shanks other than yellow or dusky yellow in color; positive white extending into web of tail feathers of cockerels; vulture hocks; plucked hocks; bare middle toes; cocks not weighing nine pounds; hens not weighing seven pounds; cockerels not weighing seven pounds; pullets not weighing five pounds. (See general disqualifications.) COLOR OF THE MALE. Beak. — Yellow or horn. Eyes. — Bay. Comb. —Bright red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Bright red. Face. — Bright red. Head. — Bright red. Neck. — Bright red or dark orange with a distinct black stripe extending down each feather, running nearly parallel with the edge of the feather and tapering to a point near its extremity; the red or dark golden edge of feather to be free from black. Back. — Dark reddish brown. Saddle, bright red or dark orange red, with a black stripe down the center of each feather, the same as in the hackle; the red or dark golden edge of the feather to be free from black. Breast. — Rich, deep black. Body and Fluff. — Body, rich, deep black. Fluff, black. Wings. — Bows, red; the fronts black; primaries, black on the inside web with a bay edging on the outside web. Secondaries, black on the inside web, rich bay on the outside web, terminat- ing with greenish-black at the end of each feather. Wing cov- PARTRIDGE COCHINS. 53 erts, greenish-black forming a well defined bar of that color across the wing when folded. Tail. — Black. Sickles and coverts, glossy greenish-black. Lesser coverts, glossy greenish-black, or glossy black edged with red or dark orange red. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, black. Shank plumage, black or brownish-black. Toe plumage, black or brownish-black. Shanks and toes, yellow or dusky yellow. COLOR OF THE FEMALE, Beak. — Yellow or horn. Eyes. — Bay. Comb. — Bright red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Bright red. Face. — Bright red. Head. — Rich brown. Neck. — Bright red or dark orange red with a distinct black stripe extending down each feather, running nearly parallel with the edge of the feather and tapering to a point near its extremity; the black stripe may be slightly penciled, the red or dark golden edge of feather to be free from black. Back. — Mahogany red distinctly penciled with brown or black, the outlines of the penciling conforming to the shape of the feather. Breast. — Mahogany red distinctly penciled with brown or black, the penciling being of the same character as that of the back and reaching well up to the throat. Body and Fluff. — Mahogany red distinctly penciled with brown or black. Wings. — Bows, mahogany red, distinctly penciled with brown or black; primaries, a very dark brown or blackish- brown; secondaries, the inner web a blackish-brown the outer web, a blackish brown penciled with lighter brown. Coverts, 54 PARTRIDGE COCHINS. mahogany red, penciled with brown or black, penciling to con- form to shape of feather. Tail. — Black, except the two highest main tail feathers which are penciled. Coverts, well penciled, the same as breast and body. Legs and Toes. — Thigh plumage, the same shade of color as body plumage and distinctly penciled. Shank plumage, same as that of the thighs and distinctly penciled. Toe plumage, same as that of the shank. Shanks and feet, yellow or dusky- yellow. WHITE COCHINS. 55 WHITE COCHINS. DISQUALIFICATIONS . Shanks other than yellow in color; vulture hocks; plucked hocks; bare middle toes; cocks not weighing nine pounds; hens not weighing seven pounds; cockerels not weighing seven pounds; pullets not weighing five pounds. (See general dis- qualifications.) COLOR OF MALE AND FEMALE, Beak. — Bright yellow. Eyes. — Red or bay. _ Comb. — Bright red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Bright red. Face. — Bright red. Legs and Toes. — Bright yellow. Plumage. — Pure white throughout. 56 BLACK COCHINS. BLACK COCHINS. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Shanks other than black or yellow, or black gradually shad- ing into yellow; bottom of feet other than yellow in color; vul- ture hocks; plucked hocks; bare middle toes; feathers other than black in any part of plumage, except in foot or toe feather- ing, also in under-color of neck of bantam males; cocks not weighing nine pounds; hens not weighing seven pounds; cock- erels not weighing seven pounds; pullets not weighing five pounds. (See general disqualifications.) COLOR OF MALE AND FEMALE. Beak. — Black, or black with yellow edge. Eyes. — Red. Comb. — Bright red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Bright red. Face. — Bright red. Legs and Toes. — Black or yellow, black gradually shading into yellow preferred. Bottoms of feet yellow. Plumage. — One uniform, lustrous, beetle-green shade of black on surface, and sound under-color to skin. Purplish or brown- ish shades of black objectionable, white very objectionable. LANGSHANS. 5 7 LANGSHANS. STANDARD WEIGHTS. Cock 10 lbs. Hen 7 lbs. Cockerel 8 lbs. Pullet 6 lbs. SHAPE OF THE MALE, Head. — Of medium size and rather broad. Beak. — Stout at the base, well curved. Comb. — Single, rather large, perfectly straight and upright,, evenly serrated, having five points, fine in texture. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, of medium length, well- rounded, fine in texture. Ear-lobes, well developed, pendent, fine in texture. Neck. — Of medium length, well arched, with abundant hackle flowing well over the shoulders. Back. — Of medium length, broad, flat at the shoulders, with. a decided rise from the middle thereof to the tail, and with abundant saddle feathers flowing well over the sides. Breast. — Broad, round, deep and full. Body and Fluff. — Body, deep and thick in front of the thighs; skin, white. Fluff, fairly developed, but not so abundant as to> hide the profile of the hock joints. Wings. — Of medium size, well folded and carried close to the body. Tail. — Large, full, well spread at the base and carried well up but not too close to a perpendicular line at the junction of the tail and back. Sickles, long, and extending decidedljr beyond the tail. Coverts, long; the longer they are the better. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, strong and well covered with soft 58 LANGSHANS. feathers. Shanks, of medium length, stout in bone, standing well apart, and feathered down the outer sides. Toes, long, straight, slender, the outer toes feathered to their extremities. shape: of the: female. Head. — Smaller than in male and less broad. Beak. — Stout at the base, well curved. Comb. — Single, smaller than in the male, perfectly straight and upright, evenly serrated, with five points, fine in texture. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, fairly developed, well rounded, fine in texture. Ear-lobes, fairly developed, fine in texture. Neck. — Of medium length, with full hackle. Back. — Of medium length, broad, flat at the shoulders, full in the cushion, which rises in a straight line well on to the tail. Breast. — Broad, round, deep and full. Body and Fluff. — Body, deep, thick, well balanced. Fluff, abundant, much heavier than in the male. Wings. — Of medium size, well folded and carried close to the body. Tail. — Well spread at the base, carried not so high as in the male, but well above and beyond the cushion, and furnished; with long coverts. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, strong, and well covered with soft feathers. Shanks, of medium length, small-boned, standing well apart, and feathered down the outer sides. Toes, long, straight, slender, the outer toes feathered to their extremities, middle toes, bare. BLACK LANGSHANS. 59 BLACK LANGSHANS. DISQUALIFICATIONS . Yellow skin; bottom of the feet yellow in any part; combs other than single; |- inch white in any part of the plumage except the foot or toe feathering; cocks not weighing nine pounds; hens not weighing six pounds; cockerels not weighing seven pounds; pullets not weighing five pounds. (See general disqualifications.) COLOR OF THE MALE AND FEMALE. Beak. — Dark horn shading to a pinkish color near the lower edge. Eyes. — Dark brown or hazel. Face. — Bright red. Comb. — Bright red. Watties and Ear-lobes. — Bright red. Skin on Body. — Pinkish-white or flesh color. Shanks and Toes. — Bluish-black, showing pink between, the scales. Web and Bottom of Feet. — Pinkish-white. Plumage, — Neck, back, saddle, sickles, coverts, glossy metallic black, with greenish sheen; breast, primaries, secon- daries, tail, fluff, shank and toe feathers, black; undercolor, black or dark slate. Purple bars and tinge a serious defect. 6o WHITE LANGSHANS. WHITE LANGSHANS. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Yellow skin; bottom of the feet yellow in any part; combs other than single; cocks not weighing nine pounds; hens not weighing six pounds; cockerels not weighing seven pounds; pullets not weighing five pounds. (See general disqualifica- tions.) COLOR OF THE MALE AND FEMALE. Eyes. — Dark brown, or hazel. Face. — Bright red. Comb. — Bright red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Bright red. Shanks and Toes. — Slaty blue showing pink between the scales. Plumage. — White throughout. MEDITERRANEAN CLASS. 6 1 CLASS III. Leghorn MEDITERRANEAN. Breeds. Varieties. 'Brown. Rose-comb Brown. White. Rose-comb White. Black. Buff. (^Silver Duckwing. Ancona Mottled. MlN0KCA | White. Andalusian Blue. Spanish Black. SCALE OF POINTS. Typical Carriage, 8 Size, .......... 10 Condition, 5 Head — Shape 2, Color 2, ...... 4 Comb, 10 Wattles and Ear-lobes — Wattles 4, Ear-lobes 6, total. 10 Neck — Shape 3, Color 4, total 7 Back — Shape 3, Color 4, total ..... 7 Breast — Shape 6, Color 4, total 10 Body and Fluff— Shape 3, Color 3, total . . . . 6 Wings — Shape 4, Color 4, total ..... 8 Tail — Shape, 4, Color 4, total 8 Legs and Toes, 7 100 6*2 LEGHORNS. LEGHORNS. SHAPE OF THE HALE. Head. — Short and deep. Beak. — Moderately curved. Face. — Free from folds or wrinkles. Comb. — Single, of medium size, perfectly straight and upright, firm and even upon the head, free from twists, side sprigs and excrescences, deeply serrated, having five points, and extending well over the back of the head with no tendency to follow the shape of the neck. Rose, square in front, firm and even upon the head, tapering evenly from front to rear, the top comparatively flat and covered with small points or corru- gations and terminating in a well developed spike in the rear. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, moderately long, thin, pen- dulous and well rounded. Ear-lobes, smooth, thin, free from folds or wrinkles, fitting close to the head. Neck. — Long, well arched, with an abundant hackle flowing well over the shoulders. Back. — Of medium length, the saddle rising in a short, con- cave sweep to the tail. Saddle feathers long. Breast. — Round, full and carried well forward. Body and Fluff. — Body, of medium length, tapering from front to rear and closely feathered. Fluff, rather short. Wings. — Large and well folded. Tail. — Large and full and carried well up but not upright. Sickles, long and well curved. Coverts, abundant. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, of medium length, slender. Shanks, rather long. Toes, straight. SHAPE OF THE FEMALE. Head. — Short and deep, but smaller than the male. Beak. — Moderately curved. LEGHORNS. 63 Face. — Free from folds or wrinkles. Comb. — Single, of medium size, having five points drooping to one side, free from side sprigs or wrinkles, the front stand- ing perfectly erect, the first spike included. Rose, same as in male only smaller. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, thin, well rounded, of medium size. Ear-lobes, smooth, thin, free from folds or wrinkles, fitting close to the head. Neck. — Long and well arched. Back. — Of medium length, with a slight rise to the tail. Breast. — Round and full. Body and Fluff. — Body, of medium length, deep and plump. Fluff, rather short and more developed than in the male. Wings. — Large and well folded. Tall. — Long, full and carried well up but not upright. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, of medium length, slender. Toes straight. ^4 BROWN LEGHORNS* BROWN LEGHORNS. DISQUALIFICATIONS . Red, covering more than one-half of the surface of the ear- lobes in cockerels and pullets. Shanks other than yellow; white in the face of cockerels or pullets. White in any part of the plumage, except in the under-color of hackle and saddle; And more than one inch at the base of sickle and one-half inch -at the base of primaries in cocks only. (White showing in the -above excepted sections to be cut one and one-half points.) (See general disqualifications.) COLOR OF THE MALE. Head. — Reddish-bay. Seak. — Horn color. Eyes. — Bright red. Face. — Bright red. Comb. — Bright red. Wattles and Ear-lobeS. — Wattles, bright red. Ear-lobes, white or creamy white. Neck. — Rich brilliant red with a distinct black stripe extend- ing down the center of each feather and tapering to a point near its extremity, the red to be free from black. Back and Saddle. — Rich, brilliant red, striped with black, same as hackle. Breast. — Glossy black. Body and Fluff. — Body, black. Fluff, black. Wings. — Bows, bright red, front edge black and covered by the breast feathers. Primaries, black, the lower web edged with brown. Secondaries, black, the edge of the lower web a rich brown sufficient to secure a wing bay of the same color. Coverts, greenish-black, forming a well-defined bar of that color across the wing when folded. BROWN LEGHORNS. 65 Tail. — Black. Sickles, glossy greenish-black. Coverts, glossy greenish-black. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, black. Shanks, bright yellow. Toes, yellow or dusky yellow. Under-COlor. — Black or dark slate. COLOR OF THE FEITIALE* Head. — Brown edged with lighter brown. Beak. — Horn color. Face. — Bright red. Comb. — Bright red. Wattles. — Bright red. Ear-lobes. — White or creamy white. Neck. — Rich orange yellow with a broad black stripe extend- ing down the center, tapering to a point near the end of the feather and conforming to the shape of the feather. Back. — The web of the feathers on the surface light brown, finely penciled with a darker brown, the lighter shade predomi- nating, the effect producing a soft, even brown tint, with no shafting in the feathers perceptible; that part of the feather not exposed on the surface, to be brown shading into a slace in the under-color or tiuffy portion of the feather. Breast. — Rich salmon, shading off lighter under the body, free from shafting. Body and Fluff. — Body, light brown. Fluff, ashy brown. Wings. — Primaries, slaty-brown the outer edge slightly pen- ciled with lighter color. Secondaries, brown, the outer web finely penciled with a lighter brown. Coverts, same color as described in back. Tail. — Dull black, except the two highest main tail feathers, which are penciled light brown. Coverts, same color as described in back. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, of medium length, slender. Plum- age, ashy brown. Shanks, bright yellow. Toes, yellow or dusky yellow. Under-color. — Slate. 5 66 WHITE LEGHORNS. WHITE LEGHORNS. DISQUALIFICATIONS . Shanks other than yellow in color. (See general disqualifica- tions.) COLOR OF THE MALE AND FEMALE. Beak. — Yellow. Eyes. — Red. Face. — Bright red. Comb. — Bright red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, bright red. Ear-lobes, white. Legs and Toes. — Shanks and toes, yellow. Plumage. — Pure white throughout including quills. BLACK LEGHORNS. 67 BLACK LEGHORNS. DISQUALIFICATIONS , Shanks other than yellow or yellowish-black; feathers other than black in any part of the plumage. (See general disqualifi- cations. COLOR OF THE MALE AND FEMALE. Beak. — Yellowish horn color or yellow shaded with black. Eyes. — Red. Face. — Bright red. Comb. — Bright red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, bright red. Ear-lobes, white. Shanks and Toes. — Yellow or yellowish-black. Plumage. — Rich glossy black with a greenish sheen through- out. 68 BUFF LEGHORNS. BUFF LEGHORNS. DISQUALIFICATIONS . Shanks other than vellow or light straw in color. (See general disqualifications.) COLOR OF THE MALE, Beak. — Yellow. Eyes. — Red. Face. — Bright red. Comb. — Bright red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Bright red. Ear-lobes, white. Legs and Toes. — Shanks and toes, yellow. Plumage. — Surface color throughout one even shade of rich golden buff; free from shafting or mealy appearance; the head, neck, hackle, back, wing-bow, and saddle, richly glossed with metallic lustre; under-color a lighter shade, as free as possible from all foreign color. Other things being equal, the specimen showing the richest under-color shall receive the preference. Black or white showing in wings or tail shall be considered alike objectionable. Different shades of buff in neck, back, wings or breast, or in two or more of those sections, shall be considered a serious defect. One harmonious blending of buff in all sections is most desirable. COLOR OF THE FEMALE. Beak. — Yellow. Eyes. — Red. Comb. — Bright red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Bright red, ear-lobes, white. BUFF LEGHORNS. O9 Legs and Toes. — Shanks and toes, yellow. Plumage. — Surface color throughout one even shade of rich golden buff, free from shafting or mealy appearance, the head and neck plumage showing a metallic lustre of the same shade as the rest of the plumage; under-color a lighter shade, as free as possible from all foreign color. Other things being equal, the specimen showing the richest under-color shall receive the preference. Black or white showing in wing or tail shall be considered alike objectionable. Different shades of buff in neck, back, wings or breast, or in two or more of those sections, shall be considered a serious defect. One harmonious blending of buff in all sections is most desirable. 70 SILVER DUCKWING LEGHORNS. SILVER DUCKWING LEGHORNS. DISQUALIFICATIONS . Shanks other than yellow in color; red in any part of the plumage; breasts of males mottled or splashed with white. (See general disqualifications.) COLOR OF THE MALE. Head. — Silvery white. Beak. — Yellow. Eyes. — Red. Face. — Bright red. Comb. — Bright red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, bright red. Ear-lobes, white . Neck. — Plumage other than hackle, rich glossy black. Hackle, silvery white with a narrow black stripe along the center of the lower hackle feathers. Back. — Silvery white. Cape. — Black. Saddle Feathers. — Silvery white. Breast. — Black. Body and Fluff. — Black. Wings. — Shoulders black except the shoulder covert, cover- ing space between wing-bow and back which should be silvery white. Wing fronts, black. Wing-bows, silvery white. Wing-coverts, black forming a distinct bar across the wing. Primaries, black except the lower feathers, the outer edge of which should be silver white. Secondaries, a part of the outer web of feathers in the wing-bay, white, the remainder of the feathers black. SILVER DUCKWING LEGHORNS. 71 Tail. — Black. Sickles, lustrous black. Upper coverts, lus- trous black. Lower coverts, silvery white. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, black. Shanks, bright yellow. Toes, yellow. Under-color. — Gray. COLOR OF THE FEMALE. Head. — Silvery gray. Beak. — Yellow. Eyes. — Red. Face. — Bright red. Comb. — Bright red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, bright red. Ear-lobes, white. Neck. — Plumage other than hackle, light salmon. Hackle, silvery gray with a narrow black stripe through the middle of the feathers. Back. — Light gray, free from dark marks or bars. Breast. — Light salmon shading to gray towards the sides. Body. — Plumage, light ashy gray free from dark marks or bars. Fluff, light ashy gray. Wings. — Bows, light gray free from dark marks or bars. Primaries and secondaries, upper web gray, lower web slaty gray. Coverts, light gray free from dark marks or red. Tail. — Black or dark brown except the two upper or deck feathers, light gray. Coverts, gray in color. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, light gray. Shanks, bright yellow. Toes, yellow. Under-color. — Gray. 72 . ANCONAS. ANCONAS, DISQUALIFICATIONS . Shanks other than yellow or yellow mottled with black; red in any part of the plumage; white in the face of cockerels. (See general disqualifications.) SHAPE OF MALE AND FEMALE, The same for male and female as in Leghorns. COLOR OF MALE AND FEMALE. Beak. — Yellow, upper mandible striped with black. Eyes. — Red. Face. — Bright red. Comb. — Bright red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, bright red. Ear-lobes, white. Legs and Toes. — Shanks and toes, yellow or yellow mottled or shaded with black. Plumage. — Broken black and white evenly mottled. ANDALUSIANS. 73 ANDALUSIANS. DISQUALIFICATIONS . Red in ear-lobes covering one-half or more of the surface; shanks other than blue or slaty-blue in color except the natural fading with age; pure white in any part of the plumage; white in face of cockerel or pullet. (See general disqualifications.) STANDARD WEIGHTS. Cock 6-| lbs. Hen 5| lbs. Cockerel. 5^ lbs. Pullet 4^ lbs. SHAPE OF THE MALE, Head. — Medium in size, rather long. Beak. — Medium in length and size. Face. — Showing but little above the eyes. Comb. — Single, rather large, perfectly straight and upright, firm and even upon the head, evenly serrated, having five points. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, long, thin, pendulous and smooth. Ear-lobes, of medium size, oval. Neck. — Long, arched, with hackle flowing over the shoulders. Back. — Medium in length, descending towards the tail, with the saddle rising in a sharp concave sweep to the tail. Saddle feathers, long. Breast. — Plump and full. Body and Fluff. — Body, of medium length, rather full at the shoulders, and tapering from front to rear. Fluff, short. Wings. — Large and well folded. 74 ANDALUSIANS. Tail. — Large, expanded, and carried to form an obtuse angle with the line of the back. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, long and of medium size. Shanks, long, rather slender. Toes, straight. SHAPE OF THE FE1HALE, Head. — Medium in size, rather long. Beak. — Medium in length and size. Face. — Showing but little above the eyes. Comb. —Single, rather large, drooping to one side, evenly serrated. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, thin, well rounded, and medium in size. Ear-lobes, white. Neck. — Long, arched. Back. — Medium in length descending towards the tail. Breast. — Plump and full. Body and Fluff. — Body, of medium length, rather full at the shoulders, and tapering from front to rear. Fluff, short. Wings. — Large and well folded. Tail. — Long, and carried less upright than that of the male. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, rather long, slender. Shanks, long, slender. Toes, straight. COLOR OF THE MAXE. Head. — Dark slaty-blue.. Beak. — Horn. Eyes. — Bright red. Face. — Bright red. Comb. — Bright red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, bright red. Ear-lobes, white. Neck. — Very dark slaty-blue approaching black. Back. — Saddle, very dark slaty-blue approaching black. Breast. — Plumage, a medium shade of slaty-blue, each feather having a well-defined lacing of a darker shade. ANDALUSIANS. 75 Body and Fluff. — Body, similar to that of the breast but somewhat darker. Fluff, slaty-blue. Wings. — Primaries, light slaty-blue. Secondaries and wing coverts, dark slaty-blue. Wing-bows, a darker shade approach- ing black. Tail. — Sickles, very dark slaty-blue approaching black. Tail coverts, very dark slaty-blue approaching black. Main tail feathers, of a lighter shade. Legs and Toes. — Thighs same as that of the body in color. Shanks, blue or leaden-blue. Toes, blue or leaden-blue. COLOR OF THE FEMALE. Head. — Slaty-blue. Beak. — Horn. Eyes. — Bright red. Face. — Bright red. Comb. — Bright red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, bright red. Ear-lobes, white. Neck. — Dark slaty-blue. Back. — Of an even medium shade of slaty-blue, each feather having a well-defined lacing of a darker shade. Breast. — A medium shade of slaty-blue, each feather having a well-defined lacing of a darker shade. Body and Fluff. — Body, similar to that of the breast, but somewhat darker. Fluff, slaty-blue. Wings. — Primaries, a light shade of slaty-blue; the remain- der of the wing of an even shade of blue darker than the primaries. Tail. — Dark slaty-blue. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, the same as that of the body in color. Shanks, long, slender, in color blue or leaden-blue. Toes, straight, blue or leaden-blue. 76 MINORCAS. MINORCAS, STANDARD WEIGHTS. Cock 8 lbs. Hen 6$ lbs. Cockerel 6^ lbs. Pullet 5| lbs. SHAPE OF THE MALE. Head. — Of medium length, and deep. Beak. — Of medium length and stout. Face. — Free from folds or wrinkles. Comb. — Single, quite large, perfectly straight and upright, firm and even upon the head, free from twists, side sprigs and excrescences, deeply and evenly serrated, having five wedge- shaped points, middle points longest and same in length as width of blade, not to extend beyond point half way between point of beak and nostrils, but extending well over back of head with a slight tendency to follow shape of neck. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles in length to correspond with size of comb, thin, pendulous. Ear-lobes, almond-shaped, smooth, thin, free from folds or wrinkles, fitting close to the head. Neck. — Rather long, arched, with abundant hackle flowing well over the shoulders. Back. — Long, broad and slanting evenly to the tail. Saddle feathers, long. Breast. — Round, full and prominent. Body and Fluff. — Body, long, broad, deep and slightly taper- ing from front to rear. Fluff, rather short. Wings. — Of medium size and well folded. Tail. — Large, expanded and carried well back so the top of main tail feathers will be at an angle of sixty degrees with a MINORCAS. 77 horizontal line at the base. Sickles, large, long and well curved. Coverts, abundant. Legs and Toes. — Thighs of medium length, stout. Shanks, long, stout in bone. Toes, straight. SHAPE OF THE FEMALE. Head. — Of medium length and deep. Beak. — Of medium length and stout. Face. — Free from folds or wrinkles. Comb. — Single, quite large, falling to one side of the head, forming one small loop over the beak, free from side sprigs, deeply and evenly serrated, having five wedge-shaped points. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, in length to correspond with the size of the comb, thin and pendulous. Ear-lobes, almond shape, smooth, thin, free from folds or wrinkles, fitting close to the head. Neck. — Rather long and slightly arched. Back. — Long, broad, slanting evenly to the tail. Breast. — Round, full and prominent. Body and Fluff. — Body, long, broad, deep and slightly taper- ing from front to rear. Fluff, rather short. Wings. — Of medium size and well folded. Tail. — Long, quite full, slightly expanded and carried with back so that top tail feathers will be at an angle of sixty degrees with a horizontal line at the base. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, of medium length and stout. Shanks, long and stout in bone. Toes straight. 78 BLACK MINORCAS. BLACK MINORCAS. DISQUALIFICATIONS . Red in ear-lobes covering one-third or more of surface; shanks other than dark slate or nearly black in color except the natural fading with age; white in face of cockerel or pullet; white, gray or foreign color in any part of plurrage. (See gen- eral disqualifications.) COLOR OF THE MALE AND FEMALE. Beak. — Black or dark horn color. Comb. — Bright red. Face. — Bright red. Eyes. — Dark hazel. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, red. Ear lobes, white. Shanks and Toes. — Dark slate or nearly black. Plumage. — Rich glossy greenish-black throughout; bronze or purple being a defect. WHITE MINORCAS. 79 WHITE MINORCAS. DISQUALIFICATIONS . Red in ear-lobes covering one-third or more of the surface; shanks other than white or pinkish white in color; white in face of cockerel or pullet. (See general disqualifications.) COLOR OF THE MALE AND FEMALE. Beak. — White. Comb. — Red. Face. — Red. Eyes. — Dark hazel. Watties and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, red. Ear-lobes, white. Shanks and Toes. — White or pinkish-white. Plumage. — Pure white; 80 BLACK SPANISH. BLACK SPANISH, DISQUALIFICATIONS . Shanks other than blue or dark leaden-blue in color except the natural fading with age; decided red in the face or above the eyes; face so puffy as to obstruct the sight; false color in any part of the plumage. (See general disqualifications.) STANDARD WEIGHTS. Cock 8 lbs. Hen 6£ lbs. Cockerel 6£ lbs. Pullet sh lbs. shape: of the male. Head. — Long, broad and deep. Beak. — Rather long, stout. Face. — Long, deep, smooth, free from wrinkles, rising well over the eyes, in an arched form, extending towards the back of the head and to the base of the beak, covering the cheeks and joining the wattles and ear-lobes, the greater the depth of the surface the better. Comb. — Single, medium, perfectly straight and upright, firm and even upon the head, deeply and evenly serrated, having five points, not too thick at the edge, rising from the base of beak, and extending in an arched form over the back of the head. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, smooth, very long, thin, ribbon like, pendulous. Ear-lobes, very large, smooth, free from folds or wrinkles, extending well on to each side of the neck, hanging down very low, regularly rounded on their lower edge, meeting in front behind the wattles. ELACK SPANISH. 8l Neck. — Long, arched, with abundant hackle flowing well over the shoulders. Back. — Medium in length and breadth, slanting evenly to the tail. Breast. — Full and prominent. Body and Fluff. — Body, rather long, of medium width in front and tapering to ihe rear. Fluff, short. Wings. — Large and well folded. Tail. — Large, expanded, carried to form an obtuse angle with the line of the back. Sickles, large, long and well curved. Coverts, abundant. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, rather long, and of good size. Shanks, long, of medium size. Toes, straight. SHAPE OF THE FEMALE. Head. — Similar to that of the male, but smaller. Beak. — Rather long, stout. Face. — ■ Smooth, free from wrinkles, rising well over the eyes in an arched form, extending towards the back of the head and to the beak, covering the cheeks and joining the wattles and ear-lobes, the greater the breadth of the surface the better. Comb. — Single, large, drooping to one side, evenly serrated, with five points. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, smooth, small, well rounded. Ear-lobes, large, smooth, rather thin, free from folds or wrinkles, well expanded, regularly rounded on their lower edge, pendent. Neck. — Long and arched. Back. — Medium in length and breadth, slanting evenly to the tail. Breast. — Full and prominent Body and Fluff. — Body, rather long and of medium width. Fluff, short. 6 82 BLACK SPANISH. Wings. — Large and well folded. Tail. — Large, carried similar to that of the male, the upper two main tail-feathers being slightly curved, especially in pullets. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, rather long, medium in size. Shanks, long, of medium size. Toes, straight. COLOR OF THE MALE AND FEMALE. Beak. — Dark horn. Eyes. — Red. Face. — Pure white. Comb. — Bright red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, bright red, except the inside of the upper part, which is white. In females, bright red. Ear-lobes, pure white. Legs and Toes. — Shanks, blue or dark leaden-blue. Toes, blue or dark leaden-blue. Plumage. — Greenish-black, free from purple bars. POLISH CLASS. 83 CLASS IV. POLISH. Breed. Polish Varieties. White Crested Black. Golden. Silver. White. Bearded Golden. Bearded Silver. Bearded White. Buff Laced. SCALE OF POINTS FOR THE POLISH CLASS. Typical Carriage, ........ 8 Size, .......... 6 Condition, ........... 6 Head — Shape 3, Color 3, 6 Comb and Crest — Comb 5, Crest 10, .... 15 Wattles and Ear-lobes 4, Beard* 4, 8 Neck — Shape 3, Color 3, ....... 6 Back — Shape 4, Color 4, ...... 8 Breast — Shape 4, Color 4, 8 Body and Fluff — Shape 3, Color 5, .... 8 Wings — Shape 4, Color 4, ' 8 Tail — Shape 4, Color 4, ...... 8 Legs and Toes, 5 * Omit " Beard " in the unbearded varieties, and give the whole 8 points to 11 Wattles and Ear-lobes." 84 POLISH. SHAPE OF THE MALE. Head. — Large, with a considerable protuberance on the top of skull. Beak. — Medium length and straight. Nostrils, large, the crown of which is elevated above the ordinary curved line of the beak. Crest and Comb. — Comb, leaf, like the letter V in shape, of small size, the smaller the better, retreating into the crest, natural absence of the same preferable. Crest, very large, thick, flowing, well fitted upon the crown of the head, rising well in front so as not to obstruct the sight and falling over upon both sides and behind in a regular even mass, composed of feathers similar in shape and texture to those of the hackle. Beard. — Thick and full, running back of eye in a graceful curve. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, thin, small, red, rounded on the lower edge. Ear-lobes, small. Neck. — Of medium length, slightly arched, with abundant hackle flowing well down upon the shoulders. Back. — Straight, wide across the shoulders and tapering to the tail. Saddle feathers, abundant. Breast. — Full and prominent. Body. — Short and moderately full, tapering from front to rear. Fluff, rather short. Wings. — Large and well folded. Tail. — Large and well expanded. Sickles and coverts ibundant and well covered. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, small, and of medium length. Shanks, of medium length, and slender. Toes, straight. POLISH. 85 * SHAPE OF THE FEMALE. Head, Beak, Nostrils, Comb and Wattles. — Similar to those of the male, but smaller. Neck. — Of medium length, tapering, with full hackle. Back. — Straight, broadest at the shoulders and tapering, with a concave sweep, near the base of the tail. Body and Fluff. — Body, short and moderately full. Fluff, short. Wings. — Large and well folded. Tail. — Large, broad and well expanded. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, small and of medium length. Shanks, of medium length and slender. Toes, straight. 86 WHITE CRESTED BLACK POLISH. WHITE CRESTED BLACK POLISH. DISQUALIFICATIONS . Shanks, other than blue or dark leaden-blue except the natural fading with age; white or gray in any part of the plum- age extending over half an inch except in the crest. (See gene- ral disqualifications.) COLOR OF THE MALE AND FEMALE. Comb. — Red. Crest. — White, with a narrow band of black feathers at base of feathers in front, the fewer the better. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, red. Ear-lobes, white. Shanks and Toes. — Blue or dark leaden blue. Plumage Except Crest. — Black with a metallic greenish lus- tre to surface color, free from purple bars. BEARDED GOLDEN POLISH. 87 BEARDED GOLDEN POLISH. DISQUALIFICATIONS . Shanks other than blue or slaty-blue except the natural fad- ing with age. (See general disqualifications.) COLOR OF THE MALE. Beak. — Dark horn. Comb. — Red. Face. — Red. Crest. — Rich bay laced with black; in adult birds white feathers may appear, but the fewer the better. Beard, golden bay laced with black. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, imperceptible. Ear-lobes, immaterial. Neck. — Golden bay, each feather laced with black. Back. — Plumage, golden bay, each feather ending with black approaching the letter V in shape. Saddle feathers, abundant, each feather laced with black, the texture of the feather giving a rayed appearance. Breast. — Golden bay, free from mossing, each feather laced with black, lacings being proportioned to the size of the feathers. Body and Fluff. — Body, golden bay, each feather laced with black. Fluff, bay, powdered with black. Wings. — Primaries, bay ending with black, the black taper- ing to a point on the lower edge. Secondaries, golden bay with well-defined black lacing. Coverts, golden bay, each feather laced with black, widest at the end. Tail. — Golden bay, each feather ending with black. Sickles and coverts, golden bay, each feather ending with black. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, bay, prominently marked with black: Shanks and toes, blue or slaty-blue. Under-COlor. — Black or dark slate. 88 BEARDED GOLDEN POLISH. COLOR OF THE FEMALE, Beak. — Dark horn. Eyes. — Bay. Face. — Red. Crest. — In pullets, black laced with bay, which, after first moult, should be golden bay laced with black. Wattles and Ear-Lobes. — Wattles, imperceptible. Ear-lobes, white. Beard. — Black with small golden bay centers. Neck. — Golden bay laced with black. Back. — Golden bay, each feather laced with black. Breast. — Golden bay, free from mossing, each feather laced with black. Body and Fluff. — Body, golden bay, each feather laced with black. Fluff, of a lighter shade of bay. Wings. — Primaries, golden bay, each feather ending with black, the black tapering to a point on the lower edge. Second- aries, golden bay, with well-defined black lacing. Bows, golden bay, each feather laced with black. Coverts, golden bay, each feather laced with black, the black growing wider at the extrem- ity, forming two distinct bars across the wings. Tall. — Golden bay, each feather laced with black, the black wider at the extremity. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, bay, each feather laced with black. Shanks and toes, blue or slaty-blue. Under-COlor. — Black or dark slate. BEARDED SILVER POLISH AND BEARDED WHITE POLISH. 89 BEARDED SILVER POLISH. DISQUALIFICATIONS . Shanks other than blue or slaty-blue except natural fading- with age. (See general disqualifications.) COLOR. OF THE MALE AND FEMALE. Same as in Bearded Golden, substituting white for bay or golden bay in plumage. BEARDED WHITE POLISH. DISQUALIFICATIONS . Shanks other than blue or slaty-blue except the natural fad- ingwith age. (See general disqualifications.) COLOR OF THE MALE AND FEMALE. Color, same as in Bearded Golden Polish, except plumage, which must be pure white. 90 WHITE POLISH AND BUFF LACED POLISH. SILVER, GOLDEN AND WHITE POLISH. The same as the bearded varieties in every respect including disqualifications and descriptien of shape and color with the exception of beard. (See general disqualifications.) BUFF LACED POLISH. DISQUALIFICATIONS . Shanks other than blue or slaty-blue except with natural fad- ing with age. (See general disqualifications.) COLOR OF THE MALE AND FEMALE. Same as in Bearded Golden, except plumage, which should be a rich buff with a narrow pale lacing, except in beard and body, which may be of a paler shade. HAMBURG CLASS. 91 CLASS V. Breeds. Hamburg, HAMBURG. Varieties. Golden Spangled. Silver Spangled. Golden Penciled. Silver Penciled. White. Black. Redcaps. SCALE OF POINTS FOR THE HAMBURG CLASS. Typical Carriage, . . Condition, Head — Shape 3, Color 3, . Comb, Wattles and Ear-lobes, Neck — Shape 3, Color 5, Back — Shape 4, Color 4, . Breast — Shape 5, Color 5, Body and Fluff — Shape 4, Color 4, Wings — Shape 4, Color 6, Tail — Shape 4, Color 6, Legs and Toes, .... S 6 6 10 10 10 8 10 10 6 SHAPE OF THE MALE, Head. — Short and small. Beak. — Of medium size. Comb. — Rose, not so large as to overhang the eyes or beak, square in front, free from hollow in the center, uniform on each 92 HAMBURG CLASS. side, firm and even upon the head without inclining to one side* the top covered with small points or corrugations, terminating at the rear in a spike which very slightly inclines upward. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, broad, thin, well rounded, free from wrinkles. Ear-lobes, of medium size, flat, round, smooth, and even, fitting close to the head. Neck. — Tapering with full hackle flowing well over the shoulders. Back. — Of medium length. Saddle feathers, abundant. Breast. — Broad and prominent. Body and Fluff. — Body round and symmetrical". Fluff, rather short. Wings. — Large, and carried rather low. Tail. — Full, well expanded, carried moderately upright, but not erect. Sickles, well curved. Coverts, abundant. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, of medium size. Shanks, medium length. Toes, straight. SHAPE OF THE FEMALE. Head. — Short and small. Beak. — Of medium size. Comb. — Rose, similar to that of male but smaller. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, small, thin, well rounded. Ear-lobes, small, flat, round or almond-shaped, smooth, even, fitting close to the head. Neck. — Tapering, with full hackle. Back. — Of medium length with a short sweep to tail. Breast. — Broad and prominent. Body and Fluff. — Body, round and symmetrical. Fluff, rather short. Wings. — Large and carried rather low. Tail. — Full, somewhat expanded, carried moderately upright. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, of medium size and well developed. Shanks, rather short and slender. Toes straight. GOLDEN SPANGLED HAiMBURGS. 93 GOLDEN SPANGLED HAMBURGS. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Red in ear-lobes, covering more than one-third their surface; combs other than rose or falling over to one side, or so large as to obstruct the sight; absence of distinct bars across the wings; markings wholly crescentic; hen-feathered male; shanks other than blue or leaden-blue in color. (See general disqualifica- tions.) COLOR OF THE MALE. Head. — Rich deep bay. Beak. — Dark horn. Eyes. — Dark red. Face. — Bright red. Comb. — Bright red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, bright red. Ear-lobes, white. Neck. — Plumage, rich deep bay with a glossy, greenish-black stripe extending down the center of each feather, terminating in a point near the extremity. Back. — Plumage, rich, glossy reddish-bay, spangled with greenish-black, the texture of the feather giving the spangles a rayed appearance. Saddle feathers, deep reddish-bay with a glossy greenish-black stripe down the center of each feather, the same as in the hackle. Breast. — Reddish-bay, free from mossing or lacing, each feather ending with a large glossy greenish spangle, the spangles being proportioned to the size of the feather. Body and Fluff. — Similar in color and markings to that of the breast. 94 GOLDEN SPANGLED HAMBURGS. Wings. — Bows, deep reddish-bay distinctly spangled with glossy greenish-black. Primaries, upper web black, lower web bay. Secondaries, rich reddish-bay, each feather ending with a glossy greenish-black crescent. Coverts, clear reddish-bay free from lacing, each feather ending with a large greenish- black spangle, forming two distinct parallel greenish-black bars across the wing. Tail. — Glossy greenish-black. Sickles, glossy greenish- black. Coverts, glossy greenish-black. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, reddish-bay, each feather ending with a greenish-black spangle. Shanks, blue or leaden-blue. Toes, blue or leaden-blue. Under-COlor. — Black or dark slate. COLOR OF THE FEMALE. Head. — Deep reddish-bay. Beak. — Dark horn. Eyes. — Dark red. Face. — Bright red. Comb. — Bright red. * Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, bright red. Ear-lobes, white. Neck. — Deep reddish-bay, with a glossy greenish-black stripe extending down the center of each feather, terminating in a point near the extremity. Back. — Clear reddish-bay, free from mossing or lacing, each feather ending with a large greenish-black spangle, the spangles being proportioned to the size of the feather. Breast. — Deep reddish-bay, free from mossing or lacing, each feather ending with a large greenish-black spangle, the spangles being proportioned to the size of the feather. Body and Fluff. — Similar in color and markings to that of the breast. Wings. — Bows, clear reddish-bay distinctly spangled with glossy greenish-black. Primaries, upper web black, lower web, GOLDEN SPANGLED HAMBURGS. 95 bay. Secondaries, rich reddish-bay, each ending with a glossy greenish-black crescent or half moon. Coverts, clear, reddish- bay, free from lacing, each feather ending with a large green- ish-black spangle forming two distinct parallel greenish-black bars across the wings. Tail. — Greenish-black. Coverts, reddish-bay, free from mossing or lacing, each feather ending with a glossy greenish- black spangle. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, reddish-bay, each feather ending with a greenish-black spangle. Shanks and toes, blue or leaden-blue. Under-COlor. — Black or dark slate. Note. — In all sections where the word " spangle " appears, read upper portion of spangle following the web of feather to the shaft. 96 SILVER SPANGLED HAMBURGS. SILVER SPANGLED HAMBURGS. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Red in ear-lobes covering more than one-third of surface; combs other than rose or falling over to one side or so large as to obstruct the sight in front; the absence of distinct bars across the wings; markings wholly crescentic; hen-feathered males; shanks other than blue or leaden-blue in color. (See general disqualifications.) COLOR OF THE MALE. Head. — White. Beak. — Dark horn. Eyes. — Dark bay. Face. — Bright red. Comb. — Bright red. Wattles and Ear-lobes.— Wattles, bright red. Ear-lobes, white. Neck. — Clear white, the longer feathers ending with a small black spangle, presenting a rayed appearance. Back. — Clear silvery white, spangled with black, the texture of the feather giving the spangles a rayed appearance. Sacidle, clear silvery white, ending with a small black spangle. Breast. — Clear silvery white, free from mossing or lacing, each ending with a large black spangle, the upper portion of the spangle following the web of feather to the shaft, the spangle being proportioned to the size of the feather. Body and Fluff. — Similar in color and markings to that of the breast. Wings. — Bows, silvery white distinctly spangled with black. Primaries, white, each feather edged with black at the end. Secondaries, clear, silvery white, each feather ending with a large black spangle, shaped like a half moon. Coverts, silvery white, free from lacing, each feather ending with a large black spangle, forming two distinct parallel bars across the wings. SILVER SPANGLED HAMBURGS. 97 Tail. — White on the outside, each feather ending with a large black spangle. Sickles, pure white, ending with a black spangle shaped like those upon the breast. Coverts, pure white ending with black spangles. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, silvery white, each feather ending with a black spangle. Shanks and toes, blue or leaden-blue* Under-COlor. — Black or dark slate. COLOR OF THE FEMALE. Head. — White. Beak. — Dark horn. Eyes. — Dark bay. Face. — Red. Comb. —Red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, red. Ear-lobes, white. Neck. — White, each feather ending with a small black spangle. Back. — Silvery white, free from mossing or lacing, each feather ending with a large black spangle. Breast. — Clear silvery white, free from mossing or lacing, each feather ending with a black spangle, the spangle being proportioned to the size of the feathers. Body and Fluff. — Similar in color and marking to that of the breast. Wings. — Bows, silvery white distinctly spangled with black. Primaries, white, each feather ending with a black spangle. Secondaries, clear silvery white, each feather ending with a large black spangle shaped like a half moon. Coverts, silvery white, free from lacing, each feather ending with a large black spangle forming two distinct parallel black bars across the wings. Tail. — White on the outside, each feather ending with a large black spangle. Coverts, white on the outside, each feather ending with a black spangle. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, silvery white, each feather ending with a black spangle. Shanks and toes, blue or leaden-blue. Under-color. — Black or dark slate. Note. — In all sections where the word " spangled " appears, read upper portion of the spangle following the web of feather to the shaft. 7 98 GOLDEN PENCILED HAMBURGS. GOLDEN PENCILED HAMBURGS. DISQUALIFICATIONS . Red in ear-lobes covering one-third of surface; combs other than rose or falling over to one side or so large as to obstruct the sight in front; breast of hen not penciled; shanks other than blue or leaden-blue in color. (See general disqualifications.) COL.OR OF THE JTIAIiE. Head. — Plumage, rich, bright bay. Beak. — Blue or horn. Eyes. — Bright red. Face. — Bright red. Comb. — Bright red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Bright red. Ear-lobes, white. Neck. — Rich, bright bay. Back. — Rich, bright reddish-bay. Breast. — Plumage, reddish-bay. Body and Fluff. — Body, glossy, reddish-bay, the sides below the wings, penciled across with black bars. Fluff, black. Wings. — Bows, bright reddish-bay. Primaries, upper web black, lower web bay. Secondaries, upper web reddish-bay, penciled across with black bars, lower web reddish-bay, each feather ending with a small black spot. Coverts, reddish-bay, the upper web slightly penciled across with black bars. Tail. — Black. Sickles, greenish-black, with a distinct edging of rich reddish-bay, the narrower the better. Coverts, abundant and in color and marking the same as the sickles. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, reddish-bay. Shanks, blue or leaden-blue. Toes, the same as the shanks. Under-COlor. — Black or dark slate. GOLDEN PENCILED HAMBURGS. 99 COLOR OF THE FEMALE. Head. — Bright reddish-bay. Beak. — Dark horn. Eyes. — Bright red. Face. — Bright red. Comb. — Red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, bright red. Ear-lobes, white. Neck. — Other than hackle, bright reddish-bay, each feather distinctly penciled across with parallel bars of greenish-black; hackle, bright reddish-bay in color. Back. -•- Clear reddish-bay, free from mossing or lacing, each feather distinctly penciled across with parallel bars of greenish- black. Breast. — Bright reddish-bay, free from mossing or lacing, each feather distinctly penciled across with parallel bars of greenish-black. Body and Fluff. — Body, plumage, close and glossy reddish- bay, each feather distinctly penciled across with parallel bars of greenish-black, the bars forming, as nearly as possible, parallel lines across the bird. Fluff, bay penciled with black. Wings. — Bows, clear reddish-bay, distinctly penciled with greenish-black. Primaries, reddish-bay. Secondaries, reddish- bay, penciled across with greenish-black. Coverts, reddish-bay, penciled across with greenish-black. Tail. — Reddish-bay, penciled across with greenish-black. Coverts, reddish-bay, free from mossing or lacing, penciled across with greenish-black. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, reddish-bay, penciled across with greenish-black. Shanks, blue or leaden-blue. Toes, the same as the shanks. Under-COlor. — Black or dark slate. IOO SILVER PENCILED HAMBURGS. SILVER PENCILED HAMBURGS. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Red in ear-lobes, covering one-third of the surface; combs other than rose or falling over to one side or so large as to obstruct the sight in front; breast of female not penciled; hen- feathered male; shanks other than blue or leaden-blue in color. (See general disqualifications.) COLOR OF THE MALE. Head. — White. Beak. — Blue or horn. Eyes. — Bright red. Face. — Red. Comb. — Red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, red. Ear-lobes, white. Neck. — Clear white. Back. — Plumage, clear silvery white. Saddle feathers, silvery white. Breast. — White. Body and Fluff. — Body, white. Fluff, black powdered with gray. Wings. — Bows, white. Primaries, white. Secondaries, upper web black with a narrow border of white or gray on the edge. Lower web, white with a narrow stripe of black next to the shaft of the feather. Coverts, apparently white when the wings are folded, but penciled with black on the upper web. Tail. — Black. Sickles, black, with a distinct edging of white, the narrower and more uniform the better. Coverts, color and marking the same as the sickles. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, silvery white. Shanks and toes, blue or leaden-blue. Under-COlor. — Bluish gray. SILVER PENCILED HAMBURGS. IOI COLOR OF THE FEiTIALE. Head. — White. Beak. — Blue or horn. Eyes. — Bright red. Face. — Bright red. Comb. — Red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, red. Ear-lobes, white. Neck. — Other than hackle, clear, silvery-white, free from mossing or lacing, each feather distinctly penciled across with parallel bars of greenish-black; hackle, white in color. Back. — Clear silvery-white, free from mossing or lacing, each feather distinctly penciled acoss with parallel bars of greenish-black. Breast. — Plumage, clear silvery white, free from mossing or lacing, each feather distinctly penciled across with parallel bars of greenish-black. Body and Fluff. — Body, silvery- white, each feather distinctly penciled across with parallel bars of greenish-black, the bars forming, as nearly as possible, parallel lines across the bird# Fluff, white, penciled with black. Wings. — Bows, clear siivery-white, distinctly penciled with greenish-black. Primaries, silvery-white. Secondaries, sil- very-white, penciled across with greenish-black. Coverts, silvery-white, penciled across with greenish-black. Tail. — Silvery-white penciled across with greenish black. Coverts, sih:ery-white, free from mossing or lacing, penciled across with greenish-black. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, silvery-white, penciled across with greenish-black. Shanks, blue or leaden-blue. Toes, same as the shanks. Undercolor. — Bluish gray. 102 WHITE HAMBURGS. WHITE HAMBURGS. DISQUALIFICATIONS . Red in ear-lobes covering one-third of surface; comb other than rose or falling over to one side or so large as to obstruct the sight in- front; hen-feathered males; shanks other than blue or leaden-blue in color. (See general disqualifications.) COLOR OF THE MALE AND FEMALE. Face. — Red. Eyes. — Red. Comb. — Red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, red. Ear-lobes, white. Legs and Toes. — Blue or leaden-blue. Plumage. — White throughout, quills also. BLACK HAMBURGS. BLACK HAMBURGS. 103 DISQUALIFICATIONS. Red in ear-lobes covering one-third of the surface; comb other than rose or falling over to one side or so large as to obstruct the sight in front; white in the face of cockerels or pullets; shanks other than leaden-blue or black in color. (See general disqualifications.) COLOR OF IflALE AND FEMALE. Face. — Red. Eyes. — Red. Comb. — Red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. —Wattles, red. Ear-lobes, white0 Legs and Toes. — Leaden-blue or black. Plumage. — Greenish-black throughout. 104 REDCAPS. REDCAPS. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Solid white ear-lobes; combs other than rose; foreign-colored feathers indicating impurity, except white in the tail and primaries; mottled breast upon the male; shanks other than slate or leaden-blue in color, except the natural fading with age. (See general disqualifications.) STANDARD WEIGHTS. Cock 7\ lbs. Hen 6£ lbs. Cockerel 6 lbs. Pullet 5 lbs. The scale of points for Redcaps the same as for Class I. See page 15. SHAPE OF THE MAIiE. Head. — Short and deep. Beak. — Rather long, stout at the base, well curved. Comb. — Rose, large, the larger the better, not overhanging the eyes, square in front, free from hollow in the center, uniform on each side, firm and even upon the head, without inclining to one side, the top covered with small points or corrugations, ter minating at the rear in a well-developed and straight spike. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, of medium size. Ear-lobes, of medium size. Neck. — Rather long, with full hackle flowing well Over the shoulders. Back. — Of medium length and sloping to the tail. Saddle feathers, long and sweeping. REDCAPS. IO5 Breast. — Broad and prominent. Body and Fluff. — Body, long, round, broadest in front andl tapering to the rear. Fluff, rather short. Wings. — Large and well folded. Tail. — Full, well expanded, carried moderately upright, but not erect. Sickles, long, well curved. Coverts, abundant. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, of medium length and well devel- oped. Shanks, rather long. Toes, straight. shape: of the female. Head. — Short and deep. Beak. — Rather long, stout at the base, well curved. Comb. — Rcse, similar to that of the male, but smaller. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, of medium size. Ear-lobess of medium size. Neck. — Rather long, with full hackle. Back. — Long. Breast. — Broad and prominent. Body and Fluff. — Body, long and deep. Fluff, rather shorU Wings. — Large and well folded. Tail. — Long, full, well expanded, carried moderately upright. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, of medium length and well devel- oped. Shanks, of medium length. Toes, straight. COL.OR OF THE MALI, Head. — Plumage, rich dark red. Beak. — Dark horn. Eyes. — Bright red. Face.— Red. Comb. — Bright red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Bright red. 106 REDCAPS. Neck. — Plumage, blue-black, each feather edged with red, the entire hackle shading off to black at the base. Back. — Plumage, rich red and black. Saddle feathers, rich, dark red, with a bluish-black stripe down the center of each feather. Breast. — Plumage, rich purplish-black. Body and Fluff. — Body, plumage, black. Fluff, black. Wings. — Bows, rich, deep mahogany red. Primaries, dull black. Secondaries, upper web black, lower web, black with a broad edging of brown. Coverts, rich, deep nut-brown, each feather ending with a black spangle, shaped like a half moon, forming a black bar across the wings. Tail. — Greenish-black. Sickles, greenish-black. Coverts, greenish-black. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, black. Shanks, slate or leaden- blue. Toes, the same as the shanks. COLOR OF THE FEMALE. Head. — Plumage, brown. Beak. — Light horn. Eyes. — Bright red. Face. — Bright red. Comb. — Bright red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, and ear-lobes, bright red. Neck. — Plumage, black, each feather laced with golden-red. Back. — Plumage, rich nut-brown, each feather ending with a bluish-black spangle, shaped like a half moon. Breast. — Plumage, rich nut-brown, each feather ending with a bluish-black spangle, shaped like a half moon. Body and Fluff. — Body, plumage, similar to that of the breast, but shading off lighter on the under parts. Fluff, black powdered with brown. Wings. — Bows, rich nut-brown, each feather ending with a REDCAPS. I07 bluish-black spangle, shaped like a half moon. Primaries, dull black, with a narrow edging of brown on the lower web. Secondaries, upper web black, lower web black with a broad edging of brown, each feather ending with a bluish-black spangle, shaped like a half moon. Coverts, similar in color and markings to the bows. Tail. — Dull black, coverts, brown, each feather ending with a bluish-black spangle, shaped like a half moon. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, plumage, light brown. Shanks, slate or leaden-blue. Toes, the same as the shanks. I08 FRENCH CLASS. CLASS VI. FRENCH. Breeds. Varieties. Houdan Mottled. Crevecceur Black. La Fleche . ." Black. SCALE OF POINTS FOR THE FRENCH CLASS. Except La Fleche, Which are Subject to the Scale of Points for the American Class. Typical Carriage, ........ 8 Weight, 6 Condition, .......... 6 Head — Shape 2, Color 2, ..... 4 Comb and Crest — Comb 4, Crest 8, ..... 12 Wattles, Ear-lobes and Beard, (Wattles and Ear-lobes 2, Beard 4), 6 Neck — Shape 4, Color 4, 8 Back — Shape 4, Color 4, ..... 8 Breast — Shape 5, Color 5, 10 Body and Fluff — Shape 5, Color 3, . 8 Wings — Shape 4, Color 4, 8 Tail — Shape 4, Color 4, ....... 8 Legs and Toes, . 8 100- HOUDANS. IO9 HOUDANS. DISQUALIFICATIONS . Absence of crest or beard; feathers other than black or white, in any part of the plumage. (See general disqualifications.) STANDARD WEIGHTS. Cock 7 lbs. Hen 6 lbs. Cockerel 6 lbs. Pullet 5 lbs. shape: of the mal.e. Head. — Of medium size and carried well up. Beak. — Of moderate length, well curved. Nostrils. — Wide and cavernous. Eyes. — Large. Comb and Crest. — Comb, leaf, like the letter V in shape, of small size, resting against the front of the crest. Crest, large, well fitted upon the crown of the head, falling backward upon the neck, and composed of feathers similar in shape and texture to those of the hackle. Beard. — Full, strongly developed, curving around to the back of the eyes and nearly hiding the face. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, small, of uniform length, well rounded, nearly concealed by the beard. Ear-lobes, entirely concealed by the crest and beard. Neck. — Of medium length, well arched, with abundant hackle flowing well down upon the shoulders. Back. — Of medium length, broad, and slightly sloping toward the base of the tail. Saddle feathers, abundant. IIO IIOUDANS. Breast. — Round, deep and full. Body and Fluff. — Body, compact and well proportioned. Fluff, rather short. Wings. — Moderately large, well folded, the bows concealed by the breast leathers and the points by the saddle feathers. Tail. — Full and expanded. Sickles and coverts, abundant and well curved. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, of medium length and large. Shanks of medium length. Toes, five upon each foot, straight, except the fifth, which should be detached from the others and curve upwards. SHAPE OF THE FEMALE. Head. — Of medium size. Beak. — Of moderate length, well curved. Nostrils. — Wide and cavernous. Eyes. — Large and full. Comb and Crest. — Comb, leaf, similar to that of the male. Crest, large, compact and regular, inclining backward in an unbroken mass. Beard. — Full, strongly developed, curving around to the back of the eyes and nearly hiding the face. Wattles, Ear-lobes. — Wattles, small, of uniform length, well rounded, nearly concealed by the beard. Ear-lobes, entirely concealed by the crest and beard. Neck. — Of medium length, and well arched. Back. — Of medium length, broad, and slightly sloping toward the base of the tail. Breast. — Round, deep and full. Body and Fluff. — Body, compact and well proportioned. Fluff, rather short. Wings. — Moderately large and well folded. Tail. — Of medium length, rather compact, and carried moderately upright. HOUDANS. Ill Legs and Toes. — Thighs, short and strong. Shanks, of medium length. Toes, five upon each foot, straight, except the fifth, which should be detached from the others and curve upwards. COLOR OF THE MALE AND FEMALE. Beak. — Dark horn. Eyes. — Bright red. Comb. — Bright red. Watiles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, bright red. Ear-lobes, white. Legs and Toes. — Shanks, pinkish-white mottled or shaded with lead color or black. Toes, same as shanks. Plumage. — Black and white intermixed, the black slightly predominating. Wing-bows and secondaries, black. Pri- maries, black and white intermixed. 112 CREVECCEURS. CREVECCEURS. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Absence of crest or beard; pure white in any part of the plum- age extending over one-half of an inch, or two or more feathers tipped or edged with positive white; shanks other than black or dark lead color. (See general disqualifications.) STANDARD WEIGHTS. Cock 8 lbs. Hen 7 lbs. Cockerel 7 lbs. Pullet 6 lbs. shape: of the: male. Head. — Large, with a considerable protuberance on the top !©f the skull. Beak. — Strong and well curved. Nostrils. — Broad and highly arched. Eyes. — Full, bright, expressive of vigor. Face. — Almost wholly concealed by the crest and beard. Comb. — Leaf, like the letter V in shape, of medium size, rest- ing against the front of the crest. Crest. — Large, well fitted upon the crown of the head, regu- lar, inclining backwards, and composed of feathers similar in shape and texture to those of the hackle. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, small, of uniform length, well rounded, nearly concealed by the beard. Ear-lobes, small, nearly concealed by the crest and beard. Beard. — Full, thick, extending around to the back of the eyes and nearly hiding the face. CREVECGEURS. 1 1 3 Neck. — Of medium length, well arched, with abundant hackle flowing well down upon the shoulders. Back. — Broad and straight. Saddle feathers abundant. Breast. — Broad and full, rounding well to the shoulders. Body and Fluff. — Body, compact and well proportioned. Fluff, rather short. Wings. — Of medium size and well folded. Tail. — Full, expanded and carried moderately upright Sickles and coverts, abundant and well curved. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, short and strong. Shanks, short, fine in bone, standing well apart. Toes, four upon each foot, straight, well spread. SHAPE OF THE FEMALE. Head. — Large, with a considerable protuberance on the top of the skull. Beak. — Strong and well curved. Nostrils. — Broad and, highly arched. Eyes. — Full, bright, expressive of vigor. Face. — Almost wholly concealed by the crest and beard. Comb. — Leaf, like the letter V in shape, small, as nearly con- cealed by the crest as possible. Crest. — Large, compact, even, globular, inclining backward in an unbroken mass. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, small, of uniform length, well rounded, nearly concealed by the beard. Ear-lobes, small, entirely concealed by the crest and beard. Beard. — Full, thick, extending around to the back of the eyes and nearly hiding the face. Neck. — Of medium length, thick and well arched. Back. — Broad and straight. Breast. — Broad and full, rounding well to the shoulders. 114 CREVECCEURS. Body and Fluff. — Body, compact, and well proportioned. Fluff, rather short. Wings. — Of medium size and well folded. Tail. — Moderately expanded at the base, converging to the tip, and carried moderately upright. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, short and strong. Shanks, short. fine in bone. Toes, four upon each foot, straight, well spread. COLOR OF THE MALE AND FEMALE. Beak. — Black, shading into horn at the tip. Eyes. — Bright red. Face. — Red. Comb. — Red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Red. Legs and Toes. — Shanks, black, or dark lead. Toes, the same color as shanks. Plumage. — Rich glossy black throughout. LA FLECHE. 115 LA FLECHE. DISQUALIFICATIONS . Presence of crest; pure white in any part of the plumage extending over one-half of an inch, or two or more feathers tipped or edged with positive white; shanks other than black or leaden-black in color. (See general disqualifications.) STANDARD WEIGHTS. Cock.. 8-^ lbs. Hen 7^ lbs. Cockerel 7-J lbs. Pullet 64 lbs. SCALE OF POINTS. Typical Carriage, ... ..... 8 Weight, 6 Condition, .......... 6 Head — Shape 3, Color 3, 6 Comb, 8 Wattles and Ear-lobes, ....... 6 Neck — Shape 4, Color 6, 10 Back — Shape 4, Color 4, 8 Breast — Shape 5, Color 5, 10 Body and Fluff — Shape 5, Color 3, .... 8 Wings — Shape 4, Color 4, 8 Tail — Shape 4, Color 4, 8 Legs and Toes, 8 100 Il6 LA FLECHE. SHAPE OF THE MALE. Head. — Long and of medium size. Beak. — Rather long, strong, and well curved. Nostrils. — Wide and cavernous. Eyes. — Large. Face. — Rather bare. Comb. — V-shaped, of medium size, branching and antler-like, like two horns pointing upward. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, long, well rounded, pendu- lous. Ear-lobes, large. Neck. — Long, carried very upright but not backward, with abundant hackle flowing well down upon the shoulders. Back. — Broai, very long, and slanting to the tail. Saddle feathers, abundant. Breast. — Broad, full and very prominent. Body and Fluff. — Body, large, powerful, tapering to the tail, with close plumage. Fluff, rather short. Wings. — Long, powerful and well folded. Tail. — Very long, full, and carried rather low. Sickles, abundant. Coverts, well curved. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, long and powerful. Shanks, long, stout in bone. Toes, straight, large. SHAPE OF THE FEMALE. Head. — Long and of medium size. Beak. — Rather long, strong, well curved, black or dark horn in color. Nostrils. — Wide and cavernous. Eyes. — Large, bright red. Face. — Rather bare, bright red. Comb. -- V-shaped, small, branching and antler-like, like two horns pointing upward, the branches standing rather erect or slightly inclining forward. LA FLECHE. 117 Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, small, well rounded. Ear- lobes, small. Neck. — Long, carried very upright but not backward, with full hackle. Back. — Broad, long and slanting to the tail. Breast. — Broad full and prominent. Body and Fluff. — Body, large, deep, and tapering to the tail. Fluff, rather short. Wings. — Long, powerful and well folded. Tail. — Long, well expanded, and carried upright. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, long and powerful. Shanks, long, stout in bone. Toes, straight, large. COLOR OF THE MALE AND FEMALE. Beak. — Black or dark horn, with a small knob of bright red flesh at the juncture of the beak and nostrils. Eyes. — Bright red. Face. — Bright red. Comb. — Bright red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, bright red. Ear-lobes, white. Legs and Toes. — Shanks, black or leaden-black. Toes, the same color as shanks. Plumage. — Rich glossy black throughout. 1 1 8 DORKINGS. CLASS VII. DORKINGS. Breed. Varieties. ( White. Dorking -J Silver Gray. ( Colored. SCALE OF POINTS FOR THE ENGLISH CLASS. Typical Carriage, ......... 8 Weight, 6 Condition, 6 Head — Shape 3, Color 3 6 Comb, . . . . . • . . . . . 8 Wattles and Ear-lobes, . 6 Neck — Shape 4, Color 6, 10 Back — Shape 4, Color 4, ' 8 Breast — Shape 5, Color 5, 10 Body and Fluff — Shape 5, Color 3, .... 8 Wings — Shape 4, Color 4, . 8 Tail — Shape 4, Color 4 . . , . . . 8 Legs and Toes, ......... 8 100 dorkings. 119 shape: of the: male. Head. — Rather large. Beak. — Of medium length, stout, well curved. Comb. — In Silver Gray and Colored Dorkings, single, medium in size having five points, evenly serrated, straight and upright. In White Dorkings, rose, square in front, firm and even upon the head, without inclining to one side, the top com- paratively fiat and covered with small points or corrugations terminating in a large, straight spike in the rear. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, medium in size, pendent, well rounded. Ear-lobes, of medium size. Neck. — Of medium length, large, arched, with abundant hackle, flowing well over the shoulders. Back. — Broad and long. Saddle feathers, abundant. Breast. — Broad, deep and full. Body and Fluff. — Body, long, broad, deep. Fluff, moder- ately small. Wings. — Large and well folded. Tail. — Large, full, somewhat expanded, and carried at a moderate elevation. Sickles and coverts, abundant and well curved. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, of medium length and large. Shanks, of medium length, stout. Toes, five upon each foot, straight, except the fifth which should be detached from the others and curve slightly upwards. shape: of the female. Head. — Of medium size. Beak. — Of medium length, stout, well curved. Comb. — Similar to that of the male, but smaller. In Silver Gray and Colored Dorkings the forward portion should fall over to one side. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, rather broad, well rounded. Ear-lobes, of medium size. 120 DORKINGS. Neck. — Of medium length, large, and well arched. Back. — Long and broad. Breast. — Broad, deep, full. Body and Fluff. — Body, long, broad and deep Fluff, moder- ately small. Wings. — Large and well folded. Tail. — Large, the main feathers broad, and carried at a moderate elevation. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, of medium length, and well devel- oped. Shanks, of medium length, stout. Toes, five upon each foot, straight, except the fifth, which should be detached from the others and curve slightly upwards. WHITE DORKINGS. 12 1 WHITE DORKINGS. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Absence of fifth toe; shanks other than white or flesh color. (See general disqualifications.) STANDARD WEIGHTS. Cock l\ lbs. Hen 6 lbs. Cockerel 6£ lbs. Pullet 5 lbs* COLOR OF THE MALE AND FEMALE. Beak. — White. Eyes. — Red. Face. — Bright red. Comb. — Bright red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, bright red. Ear-lobes, bright red. Shanks and Feet. — White or flesh color. Plumage. — Pure white throughout. 122 SILVER GRAY DORKINGS. SILVER GRAY DORKINGS. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Absence of fifth toe; shanks other than white or flesh color. (See general disqualifications.) STANDARD WEIGHTS. Cock 8 lbs. Hen 6£ lbs. Cockerel 7 lbs. Pullet 5^ lbs. COLOR OF THE MALE. Head. — Plumage, silvery white. Beak. — White. Eyes. — Bright red. Face. — Bright red. Comb. — Bright red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. —Wattles, bright red. Ear-lobes, red preferred. Neck. — Hackle, silvery-white, a small dark stripe in the cen- ter of each feather of the lower hackle allowable. Back and Saddle. — Silvery white. Cape. — Black. Breast. — Rich, glossy black. Body and Fluff. — Black. Wings. — Bows, silvery-white. Primaries, black on the upper web, white on the lower. Secondaries, black on the upper web, white on the lower. Coverts, glossy greenish-black, forming a wide bar across the wing. SILVER GRAY DORKINGS 1 23 Tail. — Sickles, greenish-black, a little white at the base of tail in cock allowable. Coverts, rich glossy black, the lesser coverts having an edging of white. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, black. Shanks and toes, white or flesh color. COLOR OF THE FEMALE. Head. — Plumage, silvery-white or ashy-gray. Beak. — White. Eyes. — Bright red. Face. — Bright red. Comb. — Bright red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, bright red. Ear-lobes, red preferred. Neck. — Silvery-white with a fine dark stripe in the center of each feather. Back. — Gray formed by silvery-white and ashy-gray finely mixed. Breast. — Salmon red shading oft to gray towards the sides. Body and Fluff. — Body, silvery or slaty-gray, free from dark bars or marks across the feathers, the shafts of the feathers may be white; under part of the body, gray. Fluff, gray. Wings. — Bows, silvery-gray, the shafts of the feathers white. Primaries, upper web, dark brown; lower web, slaty-gray. Secondaries, upper web, dark brown; lower web, slaty- gray. Coverts, slaty-gray, free from red. Tail. — Dark mottled gray on the outside, and dark brown on the inside. Legs and Toes. — Thigh, ashy-gray. Shanks and toes, white or flesh color. 124 COLORED DORKINGS. COLORED DORKINGS. DISQUALIFICATIONS , Absence of fifth toe; shanks other than white or flesh color. (See general disqualifications.) STANDARD WEIGHTS. Cock gibs. Hen ,...7 lbs. Cockerel 8 lbs. Pullet 6 lbs. COLOR OF THE MALE, Head. — Plumage, ashy-gray. Beak. — Dark horn color. Face. — Bright red. Eyes. — Bright red. Gomb. — Bright red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, bright red. Ear-lobes, red preferred. Neck. — Dark straw color with a wide black stripe extending down the center of each feather. Back. — Cape, black. Saddle feathers, straw color, with a wide black stripe extending down the center of each feather. Breast. — Rich glossy black. Body and Fluff. — Black. Fluff, dull black. Wings. — Bows, straw color. Primaries, black or dark brown. Secondaries, black on the upper web, white on the lower. Butts, black. Coverts, glossy, greenish-black, forming a wide bar across the wing. COLORED DORKINGS. 12$ Tail. — Black, white feathers may appear, but are objection- able. Sickles, greenish-black. Coverts, rich glossy black, or black edged with straw color. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, black, or black and white, black preferred. Shanks and feet, white or flesh color. COLOR OF THE FEMALE Head. — Black, or nearly black. Beak. ■ — Dark horn or white. Eyes. — Red. Face. — Red. Comb. -Bright red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, bright red. Ear-lobes, bright red preferred. Neck. — Black, with a narrow edging of gray upon the front feathers, the gray extending to the sides. Back. — Dark gray marked with black, the shafts of the feathers light, Breast. — Dark salmon edged with black. Shaft of feathers bright bay. Body and Fluff. — Dark brown or black slightly mixed with gray. Fluff, dull black or dark gray. Wings. — Bows, dark gray mixed with black. Primaries, dark brown. Secondaries, upper web black; lower web, dark gray. Coverts, dark gray mixed with black, the shaft of the feathers black. Tall. — Dark brown or gray on the outside, and black on the inside. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, dark gray or brown. Shanks and feet, white or flesh color. 126 GAMES. CLASS VIII. GAMES AND GAME BANTAMS. Breeds. Game Game Bantam. Varieties. Black-Breasted Red. Brown Red. Golden Duckwing. Silver Duckwing. Red Pyle. White. Black. [Birchen. f Black-Breasted Red. Brown Red. Golden Duckwing. Silver Duckwing. Red Pyle. White. Black. Birchen. GAMES. SCALE of points. Typical Carriage — Neck 2, Body 2, Tail 2, Wings 2, . Beak, Head and Eyes — Shape 4, Color 4, . ... Comb, Wattles and Ear-lobes or Trimming of Same Shape 4, Color 2, Trimming 2, . Neck — Shape 4, Color 4, Back — Shape 4, Color 4, ..... GAMES. 12 7 Breast — Shape 4, Color 4, 8 Body and Stern — Shape 4, Color 4, 8 Wings — Shape 4, Color 4, ...... 8 Tail — Shape 4, Color 4, . . . . . .8 Thighs and Shanks — Shape 4, Color 4, . . . 8 Feet — Shape 4, Color 2, 6 Condition and Hardness of Feather — Condition 10, Hard- ness of Feather 4, 14. 100 DISQUALIFICATIONS . Cocks not dubbed; any artificial coloring, trimming or pluck- ing foul feathers. (See General Disqualifications.) SHAPE OF THE MALE. Beak. — Long, tapering and slightly curved. Head. — Long, lean, bony, and neatly set on neck. Eyes. — Large, full, bright, with quick and fearless expression. Face. — Lean and thin, with fine skin. Comb. — Of cock, neatly and smoothly dubbed, leaving the head free from ridges or bunches; of cockerel, if undubbed, small, straight, thin, erect, and evenly serrated. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Of cock, neatly and smoothly dubbed ; of cockerel, if undubbed, small, thin, round and smooth. Neck. — Long, very slightly arched, tapering neatly and gradually from body to head, thin and clean at the throat, giv- ing a distinct outline to the head, and carried erect. Hackle, short and close. Back. — Flat, rather short, straight on top from hackle to tail, broad at the shoulders and narrowing to the stern. Breast. — Broad, round at the sides, and projecting forward but slightly beyond the wing-fronts when the bird is standing; erect. 128 GAMES. Body and Stern. — Body, fine and close on the under part; not deep. Stern, well tucked up underneath. Wings. — Large, powerful, the fronts standing out from the body at the shoulders, the feathers folded closely together, the points not extending beyond the body, and carried without drooping or being thrown over the back. Tail. — Rather short, compact and close, folded when the bird is standing at ease, and carried at a slight elevation. Sickle feathers, narrow, hard and tapering. Tail coverts, narrow, fine and short. Thighs and Shanks. — Thighs, long and muscular, standing out from the body, but slightly sloping to the hocks. Shanks, long, clean, bony, standing evenly apart, with fine smooth scales, and free from bunches or ridges. Feet. — Large, clean and flat, the toes long, straight, well spread, with strong nails; the hind toe set on low and extend- ing backward. Plumage. — Short, hard and bright. Body in Hand. — Firm, compact and muscular. Carriage and Style. — Erect, fearless, alert. Size. — Extra large birds are not specially desirable on account of size, as overgrowth tends to coarseness at the expense of quality of form, color, and style of carriage, which are the features that give value to Game fowls. SHAPE OF THE FEMALE. Beak. — Long, tapering and slightly curved. Head. — Long, lean, bony, and neatly set on neck. Eyes. — Large, full, bright, with quick and fearless expres- sion. Face. — Lean and thin, with fine skin. Comb. — Small, straight, thin, erect, and evenly serrated. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, small, thin, and rounding. Ear-lobes, small and fitting closely. GAMES. 1 29 Neck. — Long, very slightly arched, tapering neatly and gradually from body to head, thin and clean at the throat, giv- ing a distinct outline to the head, and carried erect. Hackle, short and close. Back. — Flat, rather short, straight on top from hackle to tail, broad at the shoulders and narrowing to the stern. Breast. — Broad, round at the sides, and projecting forward but slightly beyond the wing-fronts when the bird is standing erect. Body and Stern. — Body, fine and close on the under part; not deep. Stern, well tucked up underneath. Wings. — Large, powerful, the fronts standing out from the body at the shoulders, the feathers folded closely together, the points not extending beyond the body, and carried without drooping or being thrown over the back. Tail. — Rather short, compact and close, folded when the bird is standing at ease, and carried at a slight elevation. Thighs and Shanks. — Thighs, long and muscular, standing out from the body, but slightly sloping to the hocks. Shanks, long, clean, bony, standing evenly apart, with fine, smooth scales, and free from bunches or ridges. Feet. — Large, clean and flat, the toes long, straight, well spread, with strong nails; the hind toe set on low and extend- ing backward. Plumage. — Short, hard and bright. Body in Hand, — Firm, compact and muscular. Carriage and Style. — Erect, fearless, alert. Size. — Extra large birds are not specially desirable on account of size, as overgrowth tends to coarseness at the expense of quality of form, color, and style of carriage, which are the features that give value to Game fowls. I30 BLACK- BREASTED RED GAMES. BLACK-BREASTED RED GAMES. COLOR OF THE MALE. Beak. — Horn color. Head. — Plumage, bright orange. Eyes. — Red. Face and Jaws. — Red. Comb. — Red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Red. Neck. — Hackle, light orange, free from black stripes. Back. — Red. Saddle, light orange, free from black stripes. Breast. — Black, up to the throat. Body and Stern. — Black. Wings. — Shoulders, black, except the shoulder coverts, cover- ing space between wing-bow and back, which should be red. Wing-fronts, black. Wing-bow, red. Greater and lesser wing- coverts, glossy black, forming a distinct bar across the wing. Primaries, black, except the lower feathers, the outer web of which should be bay. Secondaries, part of the outer web, form- ing wing-bay, bay, the remainder of the feathers black. Tail. — Black. Sickle feathers and tail coverts, lustrous black. Thighs and Shanks. — Thighs, black. Shanks, willow. Feet. — Willow. COLOR OF THE FEMALE. Beak. : — Horn color. Head. — Plumage, golden brown. Eyes. — Red. Face. — Red. Comb. — Red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Red. BLACK-BREASTED RED GAMES. J3r Neck. — Hackle, light golden, with dull black stripe through the middle of the feathers. Back. — Ground color, golden brown, finely penciled with darker brown. Breast. — Light salmon, shading off to ashy brown towards the thighs. Body and Stern. — Ashy brown. Wings. — Shoulders, wing-fronts, wing-bow, wing-coverts and secondaries, ground color, golden brown, finely penciled with a darker brown. Primaries, dull black or dark brown. Tail. — Dull black or dark brown, except the two top feathers, which should be powdered with light brown. Coverts, ground color, golden brown, evenly penciled with dark brown. Thighs and Shanks. — Thighs, ashy brown. Shanks, willow. Feet. — Willow. 132 BROWN RED GAMES. BROWN RED GAMES. COLOR OF THE MALE. Beak. — Black. Head. — Plumage, orange. Eyes. — Black or dark brown. Face and Jaws. — Dark purple or black. Comb. — Dark purple or black, Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Dark purple or black. Neck. — Hackle, lemon, with a narrow dark stripe through the middle of the feathers. Back. — Lemon. Saddle, lemon, with a narrow dark stripe through the middle of the feathers. Breast. — Ground color black, the feathers evenly laced with lemon. Body and Stern. — Black. Wings. — Shoulders, black, except the shoulder coverts, cov- ering space between wing-bow and back, which should be lemon. Wing-fronts, black. Wing-bow, lemon. Wing- coverts, glossy black. Primaries and secondaries, black. Tail. — Black. Sickle feathers and tail coverts, glossy black. Thighs and Shanks. — Thighs, black. Shanks, dark willow or nearly black. Feet. — Dark willow or nearly black. COLOR OF THE FEMALE. Beak. — Black. Head. — Plumage, golden or lemon. Eyes. — Black or dark brown. Face. — Dark purple or black. Comb. — Dark purple or black. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Dark purple or black. BROWN RED GAMES. 1 33 Neck. — Hackle, lemon, with narrow dark stripe through the middle of the feathers. Back. — Black. Breast. — Ground color black, the feathers evenly laced with lemon. Body and Stern. — Black. Wings. — Black. Tail. — Black. Thighs and Shanks. —Thighs, black. Shanks, dark willow or black. Feet. — Dark willow or black. 134 GOLDEN DUCKWING GAMES. GOLDEN DUCKWING GAMES COLOR OF THE iflALE. Beak. — Horn color. Head. — Plumage, straw color. Eyes. — Red. Face and Jaws. — Red. Comb. — Red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Red. Neck. — Hackle, straw color, free from black stripes. Back. — Golden. Saddle, straw color, free from black stripes. Breast. — Glossy black Body and Stern. — Black. Wings. — Shoulders, black, except the shoulder coverts, cover- ing space between the wing-bow and back, which should be golden. Wing-fronts, black. Wing-bow, golden. Greater and lesser wing coverts, glossy black, forming a distinct bar across the wing. Primaries, dull black, except the lower feathers, the outer web of which should be straw white. Secondaries, part of the outer web, forming wing-bay, straw-white, the remainder of the feathers black. Tail. — Black. Sickle feathers, lustrous black. Tail coverts, lustrous black, with gray at the roots. Lesser tail Coverts, straw. Thighs and Shanks. — Thighs, black. Shanks, willow. Feet. — Willow. COLOR OF THE FEMALE. Beak. — Horn color. Head. — Plumage, silver gray. Eyes. — Red. Face. — Red GOLDEN DUCKWING GAMES. 1 35 Comb. — Red. Wattles and Ear-tobes. — Red. Neck. — Hackle, silver gray, With narrow dark stripes through the middle of the feathers. Back. — Slaty gray, finely penciled with darker gray. Breast. — Deep salmon. Body and Stern. — Ashy gray. Wings. — Shoulders, wing-fronts, wing-bow, wing-coverts and secondaries, slaty gray, finely penciled with darker gray. Pri- maries, black or dark brown. Tail. — Dull black or dark brown, except the two top feathers which should be powdered with gray. Thighs and Shanks. — Thighs, ashy gray. Shanks, willow. Feet. — Willow. 136 SILVER DUCKWING GAMES. SILVER DUCKWING GAMES. COLOR OF THE MALE, Beak. — Horn color. Head. — Plumage, silvery white. Eyes. — Red. Face and Jaws. — Red. Comb. — Red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Red. Neck. — Hackle, silvery white, free from black stripes. Back. — Silvery white. Saddle, silvery white, free from black stripes. Breast. — Black. Body and Stern. — Black. Wings. — Shoulders, black, except the shoulder coverts, cover- ing space between wing-bow and back, which should be silvery white. Wing-fronts, black. Wing-bows, silvery white. Wing, coverts, black, forming a distinct bar across the wing. Primar- ies, black, except the lower feathers, the outer web of which should be silvery white. Secondaries, part of the outer web, forming wing-bay, white, the remainder of the feathers black. Tall. — Black. Sickle feathers, lustrous black. Tail coverts, lustrous black, with gray at the roots. Lesser tail coverts, sil- very white. Thighs and Shanks. — Thighs, black. Shanks, willow. Feet. — Willow. COLOR OF THE FEMALE. Beak. — Horn color. Head. — Plumage, silvery gray. Eyes. — Red. Face. — Red. SILVER DUCKWING GAMES. 137 Comb. — Red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Red. Neck. — Hackle, silvery gray, with narrow black stripes through the middle of the feathers. Back. — Light gray, finely penciled with darker gray. Breast. — Very light salmon. Body and Stern. — Light ashy gray. Wings. — Shoulders, wing-fronts, wing-bows, wing-coverts and secondaries, light gray, finely penciled with darker gray. Primaries, dull black or dark brown. Tail. — Dull black or dark brown, except the two top feathers, which should be powdered with light gray. Thighs and Shanks. — Thighs, light ashy gray. Shanks, willow. Feet. — Willow. 138 RED PYLE GAMES. RED PYLE GAMES. COLOR OF THE ^1 \LI£. Beak. — Yellow or willow. Head. — Plumage, bright orange or light red. Eyes. — Red. Face and Jaws. — Red. Comb. — Red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Red. Neck. — Hackle, orange or light red, free from dark stripes. Back. — Red or crimson. Saddle, orange or light red, free from dark stripes. Breast. — White. Body and Stern. — White. Wings. — Shoulders, white, except the shoulder coverts, cov- ering space between wing- bow and back, which should be red or crimson. Wing-fronts, white. Wing-bow, red or crimson. Wing-coverts, white, forming a distinct bar across the wing. Primaries, white, except the lower feathers, the outer web of which are bay. Secondaries, part of outer web forming wing- bay, red, the remainder of the feathers white. Tail. — White. Sickle and tail coverts, white. Thighs and Shanks. — Thighs, white. Shanks, yellow or willow; yellow preferred. Feet. — Yellow or willow; yellow preferred. COLOR OF THE FEMALE, Beak. — Yellow or willow. Head. — Plumage, golden red. Eyes. --Red. Face. -Red. RED PYLE GAMES. 139 Comb. — Red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Red. Neck. — Hackle, white, the feathers edged with golden. Back. — White. Breast. — Salmon. Body and Stern. — White. Wings. — White. Tail. — White. Thighs and Shanks. — Thighs, white. Shanks, yellow or wil- low; yellow preferred. Feet. — Yellow or willow; yellow preferred. 140 WHITE AND BLACK GAMES. WHITE GAMES. COLOR OF THE MALE AND FEMALE. Beak. — Yellow. Eyes. — Red. Comb. — Red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Red. Shanks and Feet. — Yellow. Plumage. — Pure white throughout BLACK GAMES. COLOR OF THE MALE AND FEMALE. Beak. — Black. Eyes. — Red. Comb. — Deep red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Deep red. Shanks and Feet. — Black. Plumage. — Black, with metallic lustre. BIRCHEN GAMES. 141 BIRCHEN GAMES. COLOR OF THE MALE. Beak. — Black. Head. — Plumage, silvery white. Eyes. — Black or dark brown. Face and Jaws. — Dark purple or black. Comb. — Dark purple or black. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Dark purple or black. Neck. — Hackle, silvery white, with a narrow dark stripe through the middle of the feathers. Back. — Silvery white. Saddle, silverv white, with a narrow black stripe through the middle of the feathers. Breast. — Ground color black, the feathers evenly laced with silvery white. Body and Stern. — Black. Wings. — Shoulders, black, except the shoulder-coverts, cover- ing space between wing-bow and back, which should be silvery white. Wing-fronts, black. Wing-bows, silvery white. Wing- coverts, glossy black. Primaries and secondaries, black. Tail. — Black. Sickle feathers and tail-coverts, glossy black. Thighs and Shanks. — Thighs, black. Shanks, dark willow or nearly black. Feet. — Dark willow or nearly black. COLOR OF THE FEMALE. Beak. — Black. Head. — Plumage, silvery white. Eyes. — Black or dark brown. Face. — Dark purple or black. Comb. — Dark purple or black. 142 BIRCHEN GAMES. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Dark purple or black. Neck. — Hackle, silvery white, with a narrow dark stripe through the middle of the feathers. Back. — Black. Breast. — Ground color black, the feathers evenly laced with silvery white. Body and Stern. — Black. Wings. — Black. Tall. — Black. Thighs and Shanks. — Thighs, black. Shanks, dark willow or black. Feet. — Dark willow or black. GAME BANTAMS. 1 43 GAME BANTAMS. SCALE OF POINTS. Typical Carriage — Neck 2, Body 2, Tail 2, Wings 2, . . 8 Weight, 3 Beak, Head and Eyes — Shape 4, Color 4, .... 8 Comb, Wattles and Ear-lobes, or Trimming of same — Shape 4, Color. 2, Trimming 2, g Neck — Shape 4, Color 4, 8 Back — Shape 4, Color 4, 8 Breast — Shape 4, Color 4, 8 Body and Stern — Shape 4, Color 4, 8 Wings — Shape 4, Color 4, 8 Tail — Shape 4, Color 4, 8 Thighs and Shanks — Shape 4, Color 4, .... 8 Feet — Shape 4, Color 2 6 Condition and Hardness of Feathers — Condition 7, Hard- ness of Feathers 4, 11 100 DISQUALIFICATIONS. Cocks not dubbed; any artificial coloring, trimming or pluck- ing foul feathers; cocks weighing over 28 ounces; hens weigh- ing over 26 ounces; cockerels weighing over 26 ounces; pullets weighing over 24 ounces. (See General Disqualifications.) STANDARD WEIGHTS. Cock 22 oz. Hen 20 oz. Cockerel 20 oz. Pullet 18 oz. SHAPE AND COLOR OF THE MALE AND FEMALE. The general shape and color of Game Bantams shall be the same as in the corresponding varieties of Games. 144 INDIAN GAMES. CLASS IX. ORIENTAL GAMES AND BANTAMS. Breeds. Varieties. Indian Game. {wSS/ Malay Black-breasted Red. Sumatra Black. Malay Bantam Black-breasted Red. INDIAN GAMES. STANDARD weights. Cock gibs. Hen 6£ lbs. Cockerel l\ lbs. Pullet 5J lbs. SCALE OF POINTS. Typical Carriage — -Neck 2, Body 2, Tail 2, Wings 2, . .8 Beak — Shape 1, Color 2, 3 Head — Shape 1, Color 1 2 Eyes — Shape 1, Color 2, 3 Comb, . . . .4 Wattles, .......... 2 Ear-lobes — Shape 1, Color 2, 3 Neck — Shape 4, Color 3, . 7 INDIAN GAMES. 145 Back — Shape 4, Color 3, 7 Breast — Shape 6, Color 4, IO Body and Stern — Shape 4, Color 4, 8 Wings — Shape 3, Color 4, 7 Tail — Shape 4, Color 4, . . . . - . . .8 Legs and Feet — Shape 4, Color 4, 8 Condition and Hardness of Feather — Condition 6, Hard- ness of Feather 4, . 10 Weight, 10 IOO shape: of the male. Beak. — Strong, well curved, stout, giving to the bird a pow- erful appearance. Head. — Of medium length and width, the crown slightly pro- jecting over the eyes. Face. — Smooth and fine in texture. Eyes. — Full, of good size, and with a bold and fearless expression. Comb. — Pea, small, firm and closely set upon the head. Dubbed males, deduct four points, the value of the comb. Wattles. — Very scant, smooth in texture and even. Ear-lobes. — Small and fine in texture. Neck. — Medium in length and slightly arched; throat, dotted with small feathers. Hackle, moderately short, just nicely covering the base of the neck. Back. — The top line of the back slightly convex, sloping downward from the base of the neck to the tail, and slightly sloping from each side of the back-bone; very broad across the shoulders; well filled at the base of the neck, carrying its width well back to the juncture of the thighs, and then narrowing to the tail. Saddle feathers, rather short. Breast. — Wide, deep, well rounded at the sides, projecting orward slightly beyond the wing-fronts when standing erect. 146 INDIAN GAMES. Body and Stern. — Body well rounded at sides. Stern, well tucked up. Wings. — Medium in length, stout and closely folded, the fronts standing out prominently from the body at the shoulders, and points well rounded when folded, and should De closely tucked at the ends, and held about on a line with tail coverts. Tail. — Rather short, compact, and closely folded when the bird is standing at ease, and carried at a slight elevation. Sickles and coverts, very narrow. Legs and Feet. — Thighs, round, stout, of medium length, and well apart. Shanks, of medium length, not stilty, stout in bone, and smooth scaled. Feet, large, clean, and flat, the toes long, clean, straight and well spread, the hind toes set low and extending backwards, nails strong and well shaped. Plumage. — Short, hard, and very glossy. Body in Hand. — Firm, compact and muscular. Carriage and Style. — Very erect, upright, and commanding, giving an appearance of vigor and activity. Size. — Large, the larger the better, other qualities being equal. SHAPE OF THE FEMALE. Beak. — Strong, and well curved, stout, giving the bird a powerful appearance. Head. — Of medium length and width, the crown slightly pro- jecting over the eyes. Face. — Smooth and fine in texture. Eyes. — Full, of good size, and with a bold and fearless expression. Comb. — Pea, very small, firm and closely set upon the head. Wattles. — Very scant, smooth in texture and even. Ear-lobes. — Small, and fine in texture. Neck. — Medium in length and slightly arched; throat dotted with small feathers. Hackle, moderately short. Back. — The top line of back slightly convex, sloping down- INDIAN GAMES. 147 ward from the base of the neck to the tail, and slightly sloping from each side of back bone; very broad across the shoulders; well filled in at the base of the neck, carrying its width well back to the juncture of the thighs, and then narrowing to the tail. Breast. — Wide, deep, well rounded at the sides and project- ing forward slightly beyond the wing-fronts, when standing erect. Body and Stern. — Body, well rounded at the sides. Stern, well tucked up. Wings. — Medium in length, stout and closely folded, the fronts standing out prominently from the body at the shoulders, and points well rounded, when folded, and should be closely tucked at ends, and held about on a line with lower tail coverts. Tail. — Rather short, compact and closely folded when the bird is standing at ease, carried at a slightly greater elevation than that of the cock, due to the slightly less erect carriage. Legs and Feet. — Thighs, round, stout, of medium length, and well apart. Shanks, of medium length, but not stilty, stout in bone, and smoothly scaled. Feet, large, clean, fiat, the toes long, clean, straight and well spread, the hind toes set low and extending backwards, the nails strong, and well shaped. Plumage. — Short, hard and glossy. Body in Hand and Size. — The same as is described for the male. Carriage and Style. — Similar to that of the male, but not quite so erect. I48 CORNISH INDIAN GAMES. CORNISH INDIAN GAMES. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Artificial coloring or trimming of feathers; combs other than pea or irregular pea; solid white, blue or black shanks. (See General Disqualifications.) COLOR OF THE MALE. Beak. — Yellow, yellow striped with horn or brown; the first preferred. Head. — Black. Face. — Bright red. Eyes. — Yellow or approaching pearl. Comb, Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Bright red. Neck. — Hackle, glossy greenish-black, shafts, brown-crimson. Plumage other than hackle, rich glossy black. Back. — Glossy, greenish-black and dark crimson-red, inter- mixed, the black greatly predominating. Saddle feathers, like the back in color, but with a somewhat larger proportion of dark, crimson-red. Breast. — Rich, glossy black, free from any other color Body and Stern. — Black. Wings. — Fronts, black. Bows, glossy greenish-black and dark crimson-red intermixed, the black greatly predominating. Coverts, forming wing-bars, metallic black. Primaries, black, except a narrow edging of bay on the outside of the lower web. Secondaries, upper web black, lower web about one-third black, next to the shaft of the feather, the remainder being bay. Tail. — Black. Sickles and coverts, glossy greenish-black. Legs and Feet. — Thighs, black. Shanks and feet, rich yellow or orange. Under-COlor. — Black or a very dark slate. CORNISH INDIAN GAMES. 1 49 COLOR OF THE FEMALE. Beak. — Yellow, yellow striped with horn or brown; the first preferred. Head. — Black, or black penciled with golden bay. Face. — Bright red. Eyes. — Yellow or approaching pearl. Comb, Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Bright red. Neck. — Hackle, glossy black, with a bay shaft to each feather, the black greatly predominating. Plumage, other than hackle, ground color, golden bay, each feather penciled with two narrow pencilings of lustrous black, the pencilings follow- ing the contour of the web of the feather. Back, Breast, Body, Wing Bows and Coverts, and Tail Coverts. — Ground color golden bay, each feather penciled with two nar- row pencilings of lustrous black, the pencilings following the contour of the web of the feather. Stern. — Black, or black tinged with golden bay. Wings. — ■ Primaries, black, except a narrow edging of irregu- larly penciled golden bay upon the outer part of the web. Secondaries, upper web black, lower web black next to the shaft of the feather, with a broad margin of irregularly penciled golden bay. Tail. — Main feathers black, except the two upper or deck feathers which are irregularly penciled; the main feathers may also be irregularly penciled. Legs and Feet. — Thighs, black, more or less penciled with golden bay, but solid black not a serious defect. Shanks and feet a rich yellow or orange. Under-COlor. — Black or very dark slate. 150 WHITE INDIAN GAMES. WHITE INDIAN GAMES. DISQUALIFICATIONS . Artificial coloring or trimming of feathers; combs other than pea or irregular pea; solid green, or white shanks. (See Gen- eral Disqualifications COLOR OF THE IViLE AND FEMALE, Beak. — Yellow. Shanks and Toes. — Rich yellow or orange. Eyes. — Yellow or approaching pearl. Comb, Face, Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Bright red. Plumage. — Pure white. BLACK- BREASTED RED MALAYS. 151 BLACK-BREASTED RED MALAYS. DISQUALIFICATIONS . Shanks or feet other than yellow in color; duck feet; artificial coloring; trimming or plucking feathers; red eyes; white ear- lobes; single or lopped combs. (See General Disqualifications.) STANDARD WEIGHTS. Cock 9 lbs. Hen 7 lbs. Cockerel 7 lbs. Pullet , 5 lbs. STANDARD HEIGHTS. Cock 26 in. Hen 18 in. Cockerel 18 in. Pullet 15 in. SCALE OF POINTS. Typical Carriage, Weight and Height, .... Condition, ...... Head, Beak and Eyes — Shape 5, Color 6, Comb, Wattles and Ear-lobes, Neck — Shape 3, Color 3, . Back — Shape 2. Color 3, Breast — Shape 3, Color 3, . . Body and Stern — Shape 2, Color 2, Wings — Shape 4, Color 4, Tail — Shape 3, Color 3, ... Thighs and Shanks — Shape 3, Color 3, Feet Hardness of Feather — Condition 3, Hardness 3, 10 12 8 11 10 6 5 6 4 8 6 6 2 100 152 BLACK- BREASTED RED MALAYS. SHAPE OF THE MALE. Head. — Broad and long, crown heavy and projecting over the eyes, giving a fierce and cruel expression. Beak. — Thick, short and strong. Eyes. — Large, clear, pearl. Comb. — Rather small, resembling a strawberry or knob in front, well forward. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Verv small. Neck. — Long, nearly straight and upright. Hackle, short, scanty. Back. — Long, slanting, rather convex in outline, tapering to the tail, large and broad at shoulders. Saddle, narrow and drooping. Saddle feathers, short, scanty. Breast. — Broad, full, breast-bone deep and prominent. Body and Stern. — Body, firm and muscular, broad at inter- section of shoulders, tapering toward the tail. Stern, well tucked up. Wings. — Of medium length, large, strong, bony, very promi- nent at the shoulders, carried compactly against the sides, the points resting under the saddle feathers, without drooping or being thrown over the back. Tail. — Of medium length, drooping, well folded together. Sickle feathers curved but not long. Thighs and Shanks. — Thighs, long, hard, round, set well apart. Shanks, long. Feet. — Flat and broad. Toes, well apart, long and straight. Hardness of Feather. — Condition, full plumage and clean. Feathers, short, lying close, hard, firm and strong. SHAPE OF THE FEMALE. Head. — Broad and long, crown heavy and projecting over the eyes, giving a fierce and cruel expression. Beak. — Thick, short and strong, face and throat bare of feathers. BLACK- BREASTED RED MALAYS. 1 53 Eyes. — Large, clear. Comb. — Rather small, resembling a strawberry or knob in front, well forward. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Very small. Neck. — Long, nearly straight and upright. Hackle, short. Back. — Long, slanting, rather convex in outline, tapering to the tail, large and broad at shoulders. Breast. — Broad, full, breast-bone deep and prominent. Body and Stern. — Body, firm and muscular, broad at the intersection of the shoulders, tapering towards the tail. Stern» well tucked up. Wings. — Of medium length, large, strong, bony, very promi- nent at the shoulders, carried compactly against the sides, the points resting under the saddle feathers, without drooping or being thrown over the back. Tail. — Moderate in length, carried slightly drooping, well folded. Thighs and Shanks. — Thighs, long and hard, round, set well apart. Shanks, long, bony, strong, standing evenly apart, smooth scales. Feet. — Flat and broad. Toes, well apart, long and straight. Hardness Of Feather. — Condition, full plumage, and clean. Feathers short, lying close, hard, firm and strong. COLOR OF THE MALE. Head. — Red or maroon. Face. — Brilliant red or purplish in color. Beak. — Yellow or yellow striped with horn. Eyes. — Pearl yellow or daw in color. Comb. — Rich red or purplish in color. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Rich red or purplish in color. Neck. — Plumage, other than hackle, black. Hackle, dark red, running into reddish maroon. Back. — Rich, glossy dark red or maroon. Saddle feathers, rich dark red in color. 154 BLACK- BREASTED RED MALAYS. Breast. — Plumage, glossy black in color. Body and Stern. — Body, black in color. Stern, plumage short and black in color. Wings. — Wing-butts, black. Wing-bows, a rich, glossy, dark red. Wing-coverts, glossy, greenish-black, forming a wide bar across the wings. Primaries, black on inside web, with a rich bay edge on outside. Secondaries, part of outer web forming the wing-bay, rich bay, the remainder of the feathers black. Tail. — Black. Sickle feathers, with the tail coverts, should be rich, glossy, greenish-black. Thighs and Shanks. — Thighs, black. Shanks, yellow in color. Feet. — Toes, yellow. Under-COlor. — Slate tinged with brown. COLOR OF THE FEMALE:. Head. — Dark brown. Beak. — Yellow or yellow and horn color, face and throat brilliant red or purplish in color. Eyes. — Clear, pearl yellow or daw. Comb. — Rich red or purplish in color. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Rich red or purplish in color. Neck. — Plumage, other than hackle, cinnamon brown. Hackle, dark brown or brown striped with black. Back. — Dark or cinnamon brown, and not infrequently penciled. Breast. — Cinnamon brown, and not infrequently penciled. Body and Stern. — Body, brown. Stern, short and brown. Wings. — Wing-fronts, wing-bows, coverts and secondaries, brown. Primaries, very dark brown. Tail. — Very dark brown or black. Thighs and Shanks. — Thighs, brown. Shanks, yellow. Feet. — Yellow. Under-color. — Slate tinged with brown. BLACK- BREASTED RED MALAY BANTAMS. 1 55 BLACK-BREASTED RED MALAY BANTAMS. DISQUALIFICATIONS . Same as large birds; and cocks, weighing over 30 ounces, hens over 28 ounces, cockerels over 28 ounces, pullets over 26 ounces. STANDARD WEIGHTS. Cock 26 oz. Hen 24 oz. Cockerel 24 oz. Pullet 22 oz. SHAPE AND COLOR OF THE MALE AND FEMALE. The general shape and color of Black-breasted Red Malay Bantams shall be the same as in the large fowl. 156 BLACK SUMATRAS. BLACK SUMATRAS. DISQUALIFICATIONS . White ear-lobes; combs other than pea; feathers other than black in any part of the plumage. (See General Disqualifications.) SCALE OF POINTS. Typical Carriage, ...... Condition 10, Length of Feathers 4, . Beak, Head and Eyes — Shape 4, Color 4, . Comb, Watties and Ear-lobes — Shape 5, Color 3, Neck — Shape 4, Color 4, .... Back — Shape 4, Color 4 Breast — Shape 4, Color 4, .... Body and Stern — Shape 4, Color 4, . Wings — Shape 4, Color 4, .... Tail — Shape 7, Color 5 Legs and Feet — Shape 4, Color 4, 10 14 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 12 8 100 shape: of the male. Beak. — Of medium length, strong, and slightly curved. Head. — Rather short and slightly rounding. Eyes. — Large and bright, with quick and fearless expression. Comb. — Pea, small and low in front. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Very small and closely fitting. Neck. — Ralher long and nicely arched. Hackle, long and flowing. Back. — Of medium length, broad at the shoulders, and slightly narrowing to the tail, with very long, flowing saddle feathers. BLACK SUMATRAS. 157 Breast. — Broad and full. Body and Stern. — Body, firm and muscular, tapering to the tail. Stern, compact. Wings. — Long, large, carried with the fronts slightly raised, the points of the feathers folded closely together, and not droop- ing nor thrown over the back. Tail. — Long and drooping, with abundance of sickle feathers and coverts, which should be long and flowing. Legs and Feet. — Thighs, of medium length, large and strong. Shanks, of medium length, standing evenly apart, clean, strong, and with smooth scales. Feet, broad and flat, with long, straight, spreading toes, furnished with strong nails. shape: of the female. Beak. — Of medium length, strong and slightly curved. Head. — Rather short, and slightly rounding. Eyes. — Large and bright, with quick and fearless expression. Comb. — Pea, small and low in front. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Very small and closely fitting. Neck. — Rather long. Hackle, long. Back. — Of medium length, broad at the shoulders, and slightly narrowing to the tail. Breast. — Broad, round and full. Body and Stern. — Body, firm and muscular, tapering to the tail. Stern, compact. Wings. — Long, large, and carried with points not drooping nor thrown over the back. Tail. — Long and drooping. Legs and Feet. — Thighs, of medium length, large and strong. Shanks, of medium length, standing evenly apart, clean, strong, and with smooth scales, Feet, broad and flat, with long, straight, spreading toes, furnished with strong nails. 158 BLACK SUMATRAS. COLOR OF THE MALE AND FEMALE. Beak. — Dark olive or leaden black. Eyes. — Red, dark brown or black in color. Comb. — Dark red or purple. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Dark red. Legs and Feet. — Shanks, dark olive or leaden black. Feet, dark olive or leaden black. Plumage. — Very rich, greenish black throughout. BANTAMS, OTHER THAN GAME. 159 CLASS X. BANTAMS, OTHER THAN GAME. Breeds. Varieties. s«™ \™£- i White Rose-combed -j Black>* Booted White. *™ {{£*• fBuff. c°— • whtdge- L Black. ( Black Tailed. Japanese •{ White. ( Black. Polish \ White-crested White ( Buff Laced. SCALES OF POINTS FOR SEBRIGHT AND ROSE- COMBED BANTAMS. Typical Carriage, . . ... . . . 8 Weight, 4 Condition, , . . 6 Head — Shape 3, Color 3, ...... 6 Comb, .8 Wattles and Ear-lobes 8 Neck — Shape 3, Color 5 8 Back — Shape 4, Color 4, ..*.... 8 Breast — Shape 5, Color 5, 10 i6o BANTAMS, OTHER THAN GAME Body and Fluff — Shape 4, Color 4, Wings — Shape 4, Color 6, Tail — Shape 4, Color 6, Legs and Toes, .... SCALE OF POINTS FOR BOOTED WHITE, BRAHMA JAPANESE BANTAMS. Typical Carriage, . . . . ■ Weight, Condition, .... Head — Shape 3, Color 3, . Comb, Wattles and Ear-lobes, Neck — Shape 4, Color 6, Back — Shape 4, Color 4, . Breast — Shape 5, Color 5, . Body and Fluff — Shape 5, Color 3, Wings — Shape 4, Color 4, Tail — Shape 4, Color 4, Legs and Toes 8 10 10 6 100 ALL COCHIN AND 8 6 6 6 8 6 10 8 10 8 8 8 8 100 SEBRIGHT BANTAMS. l6l SEBRIGHT BANTAMS. DISQUALIFICATIONS . Combs other than rose; natural absence of spike; shanks other than slaty blue in color; cocks or cockerels having hackle feathers extending over the shoulders; sickle feathers extending more than an inch and a half beyond the tail proper; cocks weighing over thirty ounces; hens weighing over twenty-six ounces; cockerels weighing over twenty-six ounces; pullets weighing over twenty-four ounces. (See General Disqualifica- tions.) STANDARD WEIGHTS. Cock .. 26 oz. Hen 22 oz. Cockerel 22 oz. Pullet 20 oz. SHAPE OF THE MALE. Head. — Small, round in front and carried well back. Beak. — Short, slightly curved. Eyes. — Full. Comb. — Rose, square in front, firm and even upon the head, the top covered with small points or corrugations, terminating at the rear in a spike which very slightly inclines upward. Wattles and Ear-lobes. —Wattles, broad, well rounded. Ear- lobes, fiat. Neck. — Tapering, well arched, hen-feathered, and free from the pointed hackles that are usually found upon the necks of male fowls. Back. — Very short and free from saddle hangers. Breast. — Full, round and carried prominently forward. Body and Fluff. — Body, compact, deep and short. Fluff, short. 1 62 SEBRIGHT BANTAMS. Wings. — Large, carried low, but not so low as to conceal the hocks. Tail. — Full, similar to that of the hen, well expanded, carried very high, free from sickles, the feathers broadest towards the ends, and the two upper, which may be slightly curved, not extending more than an inch and a half beyond the others. Coverts, straight, round at the ends and lying close to the sides of the tail. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, very short and stout. Shanks, short, rather slender, perfectly free from feathering. Toes, straight. SHAPE OF THE FEMALE. Head. — Small. Beak. — Short, slightly curved. Comb. — Rose, similar to that of the male, but small. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, small, well rounded. Ear- lobes, fiat, small. Neck. — Tapering and upright. Back. — Short. Breast. — Full, round and carried prominently forward. Body and Fluff. — Body, compact, deep and short. Fluff, short. Wings. — Large, carried low, but not so low as to conceal the locks. Tail. — Full, well expanded, and rather upright. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, very short and stout. Shanks, short, and rather slender, perfectly free from feathering. Toes, straight. GOLDEN SEBRIGHT BANTAMS. 1 63 GOLDEN SEBRIGHT BANTAMS. COLOR OF THE MALE, Beak. — Dark horn. Eyes. — Bright bay. Face. — Bright red. Comb. — Bright red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, bright red. Ear-lobes, color immaterial. Legs and Toes. — Shanks, slaty-blue. Toes, same as the shanks. Plumage. — Throughout, rich, golden-yellow, each feather evenly and distinctly laced all around with a narrow edging of glossy black. Under-color, black to dark slate. COLOR OF THE FEMALE. Beak. — Dark horn. Eyes. — Bright bay. Face. — Bright red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, bright red. Ear-lobes, color immaterial. Legs and Toes. — Shanks, slaty-blue. Toes, slaty-blue. Plumage. — Throughout, rich golden-yellow, each feather evenly and distinctly laced all around with a narrow edging of glossy black. Under-color, black to dark slate. 164 SILVER SEBRIGHT BANTAMS. SILVER SEBRIGHT BANTAMS. COLOR OF THE MALE. Beak, — Dark horn. Eyes. — Bay. Face. — Bright red. Comb. — Bright red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, bright red. Ear-lobes, color immaterial. Legs and Toes. — Shanks, slaty-blue. Toes, slaty-blue. Plumage. — Throughout, silvery white, each feather evenly and distinctly laced all around with a narrow edging of glossy black. Under-color, from slate to black. COLOR OF THE FEMALE. Head. — Small. Beak. — Short, slightly curved, and in color dark horn. Eyes. — Bright bay. Face. — Bright red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, bright red. Ear-lobes, color immaterial. Legs and Toes. — Shanks, slaty-blue. Toes, slaty-blue. Plumage. — Throughout, silvery white, each feather evenly and distinctly laced all around with a narrow edging of glossy black. Under-color, from slate to black. ROSE-COMBED BANTAMS. 1 65 ROSE-COMBED BANTAMS. DISQUALIFICATIONS . Combs other than rose; natural absence of spike; cocks weigh- ing over 28 ounces; hens weighing over 24 ounces; cockerels weighing over 24 ounces; pullets weighing over 22 ounces. (Sec General Disqualifications.) STANDARD WEIGHTS. Cock 26 oz. Hen 22 oz. Cockerel 22 oz. Pullet 20 oz. SHAPE OF THE JTIAL.E. Head. — Small, round and carried well over the body. Beak. — Short, slightly curved. Eyes. — Full. Comb. — Rose, square in front, firm and even upon the head, the top covered with small points or corrugations, terminating at the rear in a spike which very slightly inclines upward. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, broad, thin, well rounded. Ear lobes, medium in size, flat, round, smooth, even, fitting close to head. Neck. — Tapering, carried back so as to bring the back of the head towards the tail, with full, long hackle descending well over the shoulders. Back. — Very short and tapering to the tail. Saddle feathers, abundant and long. Breast. — Full, round, and carried prominently forward. Body and Fluff. — Body, plump and tapering towards the tail. Fluff, short. 1 66 ROSE-COMBED BANTAMS. WingS. — Large, the points drooping but not to conceal the hocks. Secondaries, slightly expanded. Tail. — Full, well expanded, upright but not squirrel. Sickles, long and well curved. Coverts, abundant. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, short. Shanks, short, clean, taper- ing. Toes, straight. SHAPE OF THE FEIHALE. Head. — Small and round. Beak. — Short, slightly curved. Eyes. — Full. Comb. — Rose, similar to that of the male but smaller. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, small, thin, well rounded. Ear-lobes, fiat. Neck. — Short, tapering, and carried well back. Back. — Short and tapering to the tail. Breast. — Full, round and carried prominently forward. Body and Fluff. — Body, compact and tapering towards the tail. Fluff, short. Wings. — Large, the points drooping, but not to conceal the hocks. Tail. — Full, well expanded and rather upright. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, short. Shanks, short, clean, taper- ing. Toes, straight. ROSE-COMBED WHITE BANTAMS. 1 67 ROSE-COMBED WHITE BANTAMS. DISQUALIFICATIONS . Shanks other than yellow or white in color. (See General Disqualifications.) COLOR OF THE MALE. Beak. — White or yellow. Eyes. — Bright red. Face. — Bright red. Comb. — Bright red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, bright red. Ear-lobes, white in color. Legs and Toes. — Shanks, yellow or white; if white, with a pinkish tinge on the back and between the scales. Toes, in color the same as the shanks. Plumage. — Pure white throughout. COLOR OF THE FEMALE, Beak. — White or yellow. Eyes. — Bright red. Face. — Bright red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, bright red. Ear-lobes, white, medium in size, fiat, round, smooth, even, fitting close to head, white in color. Legs and Toes. — Shanks, yellow or white; if white, with a pinkish tinge on the back and between the scales. Toes, the same as the shanks. Plumage. — Pure white throughout. 1 68 ROSE-COMBED BLACK BANTAMS. ROSE-COMBED BLACK BANTAMS. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Red ear-lobes; shanks other than black or very dark leaden-blue in color; pure white in any part of the plumage, extending over one-half of an inch; or two or more feathers tipped or edged with positive white. (See General Disqualifications.) COLOR of the: male. Beak. — Black or dark horn. Eyes. — Bright red. Face. — Bright red. Comb. — Bright red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, bright red. Ear-lobes, white. Legs and Toes. — Shanks, black or very dark leaden-blue. Toes, the same as the shanks. Plumage. — Lustrous black throughout. COLOR OF THE FEMALE. Beak. — Black or dark horn. Eyes. — Bright red. Face. — Bright red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, bright red. Ear-lobes, white. Legs and Toes. — Shanks, black or very dark leaden-blue. Toes, the same as the shanks. Plumage. — Lustrous black throughout. BOOTED WHITE BANTAMS. 169 BOOTED WHITE BANTAMS.* DISQUALIFICATIONS . Shanks not feathered down the outer sides; not vulture hocked; outer toes not feathered; shanks other than white; cocks weighing over 30 ounces; hens weighing over 26 ounces; cockerels weighing over 26 ounces; pullets weighing over 24 ounces. (See general disqualifications.) STANDARD WEIGHTS. Cock 26 oz. Hen 22 oz. Cockerel 22 oz. Pullet 20 oz. SHAPE OF THE MALE, Head. — Small, round and carried well back. Beak. — Short, slightly curved. Eyes. — Full. Comb. — Single, of medium size, firm and straight upon the head, evenly serrated. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, broad, thin, well rounded. Ear-lobes, flat. Neck. — Tapering and curved well back, with full long hackle descending well over the shoulders. Back. — Short. Saddle feathers, abundant and long. Breast. — Full, round and carried prominently forward. Body and Fluff. — Body, rather short and compact. Fluff, moderately full. Wings. — Large, the points slightly drooping. Tail. — Full, well expanded, and very upright. Sickles, long and well curved. Coverts, abundant. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, of medium length, and well fur- * For scale of points see page 160. 170 BOOTED WHITE BANTAMS. nished with long stiff feathers or vulture hocks, which almost touch the ground. Shanks, short, and heavily feathered on the outer sides. Toes, straight, and the outer toes heavily feathered to their extremities. SHAPE OF THE FEMALE. Head. — Small and round. Beak. — Short, slightly curved. Eyes. — Full. Comb. — Single, small, firm and straight upon the head, evenly serrated. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, small, well rounded. Ear- lobes, flat. Neck. — Of medium length, tapering, and carried well back. Back. — Short. Breast. — Full, round and carried prominently forward. Body and Fluff. — Body, rather short and compact. Fluff, moderately full. Wings. — Large, the points slightly drooping. Tail. — Full, well expanded and rather upright. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, of medium length and well fur- nished with long stiff feathers or vulture hocks. Shanks, short, and heavily feathered on the outer sides. Toes, straight, and the outer toes heavily feathered to their extremities. COLOR OF THE MALE. Beak. — White. Eyes. — Bright red or bay. Face. — Bright red. Comb. — Bright red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, bright red. Ear-lobes, bright red. Legs and Toes. — Shanks, white. Toes, the same as the shanks. Plumage. — Pure white throughout. BOOTED WHITE BANTAMS. 1 71 COLOR OF THE FEMALE. Beak. — White. Eyes. — Full, red or bay. Face. — Bright red. Comb. — Bright red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, bright red. Ear-lobes, bright red. Legs and Toes. — Shanks, white. Toes, the same as the shanks. Plumage. — Pure white throughout. 172 BRAHMA BANTAMS. BRAHMA BANTAMS.* LIGHT AND DARK. DISQUALIFICATIONS. The disqualifications for Brahma Bantams shall be the same as for larger Brahmas of the same variety. STANDARD WEIGHTS. Cock 30 oz. Hen 26 oz. Cockerel 26 oz. Pullet 24 oz. DISQUALIFYING WEIGHTS, Cock 34 oz. Hen = . . 30 oz. Cockerel 30 oz. Pullet 28 oz. GENERAL OUTLINE. THE MALE. Brahma Bantam males should conform in a miniature fashion to the general outline of the larger Brahmas. Stiff hock plum- age very objectionable but not a disqualification for the present. * For scale of points see page 160. BRAHMA BANTAMS. 173 THE FEMALE. Brahma Bantam females should conform in a miniature fashion to the general outline of the larger Brahma. Stiff hock plumage very objectionable, but not a disqualification for the present. SHAPE AND COLOR. The general 'shape and color of Brahma Bantams shall con- form to the description of the same variety of the larger Brahmas. 174 COCHIN BANTAMS. COCHIN BANTAMS.* DISQUALIFICATIONS. The disqualifications for all Cochin Bantams shall be the same as for larger Cochins of same variety, except as to hock plum- age. STANDARD WEIGHTS. Cock 30 oz. Hen 26 oz. Cockerel 26 oz. Pullet 24 oz. DISQUALIFYING WEIGHTS. Cock . 34 oz. Hen , . 30 oz. Cockerel 30 oz. Pullet 28 oz. GENERAL OUTLINE. THE MALE. The Cochin Bantam male should conform in a miniature fashion to the general outline of the larger Cochin. He should be broad, deep, plump and well rounded, of bold and forward carriage, short of legs, head carried not much higher than tail, plumage, long, loose and abundant, the more fluff plumage the better. Stiff hock plumage objectionable but not a disqualifi- cation. * For scale of points see page i6o„ COCHIN BANTAMS. J75 THE FEMALE. The Cochin Bantam female should conform in a feminine way with the male. Rather shorty neat a^nd well rounded, very- profuse of feathering and short of leg.! Stiff hock plumage objectionable, but not a disqualification. SHAPE AND COLOR. The general shape and color of all Cochin Bantams shall con- form to the description of the same variety of the larger Cochins. 176 JAPANESE BANTAMS. JAPANESE BANTAMS.* STANDARD WEIGHTS. Cock 26 oz. Hen 22 oz. Cockerel 22 oz. Pullet ... 20 oz. SHAPE OF THE MALE. Head. — Rather large and broad Beak. — Very strong, well curved. Eyes. — Large. Comb. — Single, large, firm and straight upon the head, evenly serrated. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, large, pendent. Ear-lobes, large, smooth. Neck. — Rather short, curving prominently backward, with abundant hackle flowing well over the shoulders. Back. — Very short. Saddle feathers, abundant. Breast. — Very full, round, and carried prominently forward. Body and Fluff. — Body, rather short, deep and compact. Fluff, short. Wings. — Large, long, and the points somewhat drooping. Tall. — Very large, somewhat expanded, carried in so erect a position as to almost come in contact with the back of the head. Sickles, long, very upright, slightly curved. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, short and of medium size. Shanks, very short, smooth, free from feathers. Toes, straight. * For scale of points see page 160. JAPANESE BANTAMS. 177 SHAPE OF THE FEMALE. Head. — Rather large and broad. Beak. — Strong, well curved. Eyes. — Large. Comb. — Single, of medium size, firm and straight upon the hesd, evenly serrated. Wattles and Ear-lobes. —Wattles, of medium size, well rounded. Neck. — Short and well curved. Back. — Short. Breast. — Full, round and prominent. Body and Fluff. — Body, rather short, deep and compact Fluff, short. Wings. — Rather large, long, and the points somewhat droop- ing. Tail. — Rather large, tolerably upright. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, short and of medium size. Shanks, very short, smooth, free from feathers. Toes, straight. 178 BLACK-TAILED JAPANESE BANTAMS. BLACK-TAILED JAPANESE BANTAMS. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Combs other than single; shanks other than yellow in color; cocks weighing over 30 ounces; hens weighing over 26 ounces; cockerels weighing over 26 ounces; pullets weighing over 24 ounces. (See General Disqualifications.) COLOR OF THE MALE. Head. — White. Beak. — Yellow. Eyes. — Bright red. Face. — Bright red. Comb. — Bright red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, bright red. Ear-lobes, bright red. Neck. — White. Back. — White. Saddle feathers, white. Breast. — White. Body and Fluff. — Body, white. Wings. — Primaries, dark slate or black, edged with white. Secondaries, dark slate, with wide edging of white on the upper web, and lower web white. Coverts, white. The whole wing, when folded, appearing only white. Tail. — Black. Sickles, rich black, edged with white. Cov- erts, colored like the sickles. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, white. Shanks, bright yellow. Toes, the same as the shanks. BLACK-TAILED JAPANESE BANTAMS. 1 79 COLOR OF THE FEMALE. Head. — White. Beak. — Yellow. Eyes. — Bright red. Face. — Bright red. Comb. — Bright red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, bright red. Ear-lobes, bright red Neck. — White. Back. — White. Breast. — White. Body and Fluff. — Body, white. Wings. — Primaries, dark slate or black, edged with white. Secondaries, dark slate with wide edging of white on the upper web, and lower web white. Coverts, white. The whole wing, when folded, appearing only white. Tail. — Black. Coverts, white. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, white. Shanks, bright yellow. Toes, the same as the shanks. l8o WHITE JAPANESE BANTAMS. WHITE JAPANESE BANTAMS. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Combs other than single; shanks other than yellow in color; cocks weighing over 30 ounces; hens weighing over 26 ounces; cockerels weighing over 26 ounces; pullets weighing over 24 ounces. (See General Disqualifications.) COLOR OF THE MALE AND FEMALE. Beak. — Bright yellow. Eyes. — Red. Comb. — Bright red. Face. — Bright red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Bright red. Shanks and Toes. — Bright yellow. Plumage. — Pure white throughout. BLACK JAPANESE BANTAMS. l8l BLACK JAPANESE BANTAMS. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Combs other than single; shanks other than yellow or yellow- ish-black; pure white in any part of the plumage extending over one-half of an inch, or two or more feathers tipped or edged with positive white; cocks weighing over 30 ounces; hens weighing over 26 ounces; cockerels weighing over 26 ounces; Pullets weighing over 24 ounces. (See General Disqualifications.) COLOR OF THE MALE AND FEMALE. Beak. — Yellow, or yellow shaded with black. Eyes. — Dark red. Comb. — Bright red. Face. — Bright red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Bright red. Shanks and Toes. — Yellow, or yellow shaded with black. Plumage. — Lustrous black throughout. 1 82 POLISH BANTAMS. POLISH BANTAMS. SCALE OF POINTS. Typical Carriage, 8 Size, 6 Condition, 6 Head — Shape 3, Color 3, . . . . . . 6 Comb and Crest — Comb 5, Crest 10, 15 Wattles and Ear-lobes, 4, Beard 4.* 8 Neck — Shape 3, Color 3, 6 Back — Shape 4, Color 4, 8 Breast — Shape 4, Color 4, .8 Body and Fluff — Shape 3, Color 5, 8 Wings — Shape 4, Color 4, 8 Tail — Shape 4, Color 4, ...... 8 Legs and Toes, 5 100 STANDARD WEIGHTS. Cock 26 oz. Hen 22 oz. Cockerel 22 oz. Pullet 20 oz. SHAPE OF THE MALE. Head. — Large, with a considerable protuberance on the top of the skull. Beak. — Rather long. Nostrils. — Large, the crown of which is elevated above the ordinary curve line of the beak. * Omit beard in the unbearded variety, and give the whole 8 points to "Wattles and Ear-lobes." POLISH BANTAMS. 1 83 Eyes. — Large, full. Comb and Crest. — Comb, single or leaf; Single, small, the smaller the better, straight, evenly serrated; Leaf, having two prongs, like the letter V in shape, of small size, the smaller the better, retreating into the crest; natural absence of the same not to be considered a defect. Crest, very large, thick, flowing, well fitted upon the crown of the head, rising well in front so as not to obstruct the sight, and falling over upon both sides and behind in a regular and even mass, composed of feathers similar in shape and texture to those of the hackle. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, thin, pendulous, well rounded on their lower edge. Ear-lobes, beard thick and full, extending back to the crest. Neck. — Of medium length, slightly arched, with abundant hackle flowing well down upon the shoulders. Back. — Straight, wide across the shoulders and tapering to the tail. Saddle feathers, abundant. Breast. — Round, deep, full and prominent. Body and Fluff. — Body, full, comparatively wide at the shoulders, and tapering from front to rear. Fluff, rather short. Wings. — Large and well folded. Tail. — Large and well expanded. Sickles and coverts, abund- ant and well curved. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, of medium length and size. Shanks, of medium length. SHAPE OF THE FEMALE, Head. — Similar to that of the male, but smaller. Beak. — Rather long. Nostrils. — Large, the crown of which is elevated above the ordinary curve line of the beak. Eyes. — Large, full, bright. Comb and Crest. — Comb, single or leaf; Single, small, the smaller the better, straight, evenly serrated; Leaf, having two *&4 POLISH BANTAMS. prongs, like the letter V in shape, of small size, the smaller the better, retreating into the crest. Crest, very large, round, even upon the head. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, thin, small, well rounded on their lower edge.^ Ear-lobes, small, even on the surface, rounded on their lower edge; in bearded variety, beard thick and full, extending back to the crest. Neck. — Of medium length, tapering, with hackle flowing well over the shoulders. Back. — Straight, broadest at the shoulders and tapering to the tail. Breast. — Round, full and prominent. Body and Fluff. — Body, full, widest at the shoulders, and tapering from front to rear. Fluff, rather short. Wings. — Large and well folded. Tail. — Large, broad and well expanded. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, of medium length and size. Shanks, of medium length. Note. — Prior to 1902, blue legs and V combs shall be given the preference over white legs and single combs. WHITE-CRESTED WHITE POLISH BANTAMS. 1 85 WHITE-CRESTED WHITE POLISH BANTAMS. DISQUALIFICATIONS . In non-bearded varieties, combs other than single, shanks other than silver or white in color; in bearded variety, combs other than leaf, shanks other than blue or slaty-blue in color; except that after Jan. 1st, 1902, white legs and single combs* on all Polish Bantams shall disqualify; cocks weighing over 30 ounces; hens weighing over 26 ounces; cockerels weighing over 26 ounces; pullets weighing over 24 ounces. (See General Dis- qualifications.) COLOR OF THE MALE AND FEMALE. Beak. — Silver in the single combed variety; blue or horn in the leaf-comb variety. Eyes. — Bright hazel or bay. Face. — Bright red. Comb. — Single, bright red; Leaf, bright red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, bright red. Ear-lobes, red in bearded variety. Legs and Toes. — Shanks, very white in the non-bearded variety; blue, or slaty blue, in the bearded variety. Plumage. — Pure white throughout. 1 86 BUFF- LACED POLISH BANTAMS. BUFF-LACED POLISH BANTAMS. DISQUALIFICATIONS . Shanks other than blue or slaty-blue, or lighter in color by reason of age. (See General Disqualifications.) COLOR OF THE MALE AND FEMALE. Beak. — Dark horn. Eyes. — Hazel or bay. Face. — Bright red. Comb. — Bright red; natural absence of same not to be con- sidered a defect. Crest. — Rich buff, laced with pale buff; in adult birds white feathers may appear, but the fewer the better. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, red. Ear-lobes, white. Beard. — Rich buff, laced with pale buff. Neck. — Rich buff, with the end of each feather laced with pale buff. Back. — Rich buff, laced with pale buff. Saddle feathers, rich buff, laced with pale buff. Breast. — Rich buff; free from mossing, each feather laced with pale buff; the lacings being proportioned to the size of the feathers. Body. — Rich buff, each feather laced with pale buff. Wings. — Primaries/rich buff. Secondaries, rich buff on the inside web and pale buff on the outside web. Coverts, rich buff, each feather laced with pale buff, the heavy lacing forming two distinct pale buff bars across the wings. Tail. — Rich buff. Sickles and coverts, rich buff, each feather laced with pale buff. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, rich buff, each feather laced with pale buff. Shanks, blue, or slaty-blue. Toes, blue, or slaty-blue. SILKIES. 187 CLASS XI. MISCELLANEOUS. Breeds. Varieties. Silky White. Sultan .... White. Frizzles Any color. Rumpless Any color. SILKIES. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Shanks not feathered down the outer sides; vulture hocks; feathers not truly silky; absence of crest or of the fifth toe. (See General Disqualifications.) Typical Carriage, 8 Size, 7 Condition, 6 Head — Shape 3, Color 3, ....... 6 Comb and Crest — Comb 5, Crest 10, . . . . .15 Wattles and Ear-lobes, , . 6 Neck — Shape 4, Color 4, 8 Back — Shape 3, Color 3 • . 6 Breast — Shape 4, Color 4, 8 155 SILKIES. Body and Fluff — Shape 3, Color 5, 8 Wings — Shape 3, Color 3, 6 Tail — Shape 4, Color 4, 8 Legs and Toes, 8 SHAPE OF THE MALE. Head. — Small and well shaped. Beak. — Rather small. Eyes. — Large, bright. Comb and Crest. — Comb, rose, nearly round, having a lumpy appearance, with scarcely any corrugations on the top. Crest, compact, full, and generally falling backward behind the comb. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, rather long, pendent. Ear- lobes, somewhat pendulous. Neck. — Of moderate length, carried slightly forward, with very full hackle flowing well over the shoulders. Back. — Broad and short. Saddle feathers, abundant, rising gradually from about the center of the back towards the tail, and falling upon either side in a silky mass. Breast. — Broad and full. Body and Fluff. — Body, broad and squarely formed. Fluff, full and abundant. Wings. — Rather small and carried low, the webs of the pri- maries and secondaries having a silky and fringe-like appear- ance. Tail. — Small, the main feathers having a silky and fringe- like appearance. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, short, stout, and well furnished with silky fluff, which descends below the hocks. Shanks, rather short, feathered on the outer sides with silky plumage. Toes, five upon each foot, the outer toes being feathered. SILKIES. 189 SHAPE OF THE FEMALE. Head. — Small and well shaped. Bea£. — Rather small. Eyes. — Large, bright. Comb and Crest. — Comb, rose, similar to that of the male, but very small. Crest, small and globular. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, small. Ear-lobes, some- what pendulous. Neck. — Rather short, with abundant hackle descending well over the shoulders. Back. — Rather broad and short, well cushioned and Cochin- like in shape. Breast. — Full and prominent. Body and Fluff. — Body, broad and compact. Fluff, full and abundant. Wings. — Small and carried low. Tail. — Small, almost concealed by the cushion and fluff. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, short, stout, and well furnished with silky fluff, which descends below the hocks. Shanks, rather short, feathered on the outer sides with silky plumage. Toes, five upon each foot, the outer toes being feathered. COLOR OF THE MALE AND FEMALE. Beak. — Dark horn. Eyes. — Black. Face. — Deep purple. Comb. — Dark purplish color. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, purplish or livid color. Ear-lobes, purple tinged with white. Legs and Toes. — Shanks, dark leaden-blue or black. Toes, same as the shanks. Plumage. — In character it should be webless, or soft and silky; in color, pure white throughout. 190 SULTANS. SULTANS. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Shanks not feathered down the outer sides; absence of vul- ture hocks; absence of beard; large red face; beaks other than white or pale flesh color. (See General Disqualifications.) SCALE OF POINTS. Typical Carriage, 8 Size, * 8 Condition, 6 Head — Shape 3, Color 3 6 Comb and Crest — Comb 4, Crest 8, 12 Wattles, Ear lobes and Beard — Wattles and Ear-lobes, 4, Beard 4, 8 Neck — Shape 4, Color 4, 8 Back — Shape 3, Color 3, ........ 6 Breast — Shape 4, Color 4, . 8 Body and Fluff — Shape 3, Color 5, ...... 8 Wings — Shape 3, Color 3, 6 Tail — Shape 4, Color 4, 8 Legs and Toes, 8 100 SHAPE OF THE MALE. Head. — Of medium size. Beak. — Short, well curved. Nostrils. — Broad and cavernous. Eyes. — Bright, vivacious. Comb and Crest. — Comb, invisible, or small leaf, with two SULTANS. 1 9.1 small spikes. Crest, large, compact, arched over the eyes and around the head, free from feathers falling forward at the front, and composed of feathers similar in texture and character to those of the hackle. Wattles, Ear-lobes and Beard. — Wattles, small, rather shriv- eled in appearance. Ear-lobes, small, concealed by crest and beard. Beard, full and close around the throat, joining the crest and covering the face. Neck. — Rather short, highly arched, carried well back, and furnished with abundant hackle. Back. — Rather broad, straight, and drooping to the tail. Breast. — Round, deep and prominent. Body and Fluff. — Body, very square, deep, compact, and car- ried low. Fluff, moderately full. Wings. — Rather large and carried low. Tail. — Large, full, and abundantly furnished with sickles and coverts. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, very short, stout, well feathered, with full, long vulture hocks. Shanks, short, heavily feathered down the outer sides. Toes, five upon each foot, straight, the middle and outer toes well feathered. shape: of the female. Head. — Of medium size. Beak. — Short, well curved. Nostrils. — Broad and cavernous. Eyes. — Bright, vivacious. Comb. — Comb, invisible, or small leaf, with two small spikes. Crest. — Crest, large, full, compact, globular, the feathers inclining backward in a smooth and even mass. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, small, evenly rounded, and bright red in color. Ear-lobes, small, concealed by crest and beard. I92 SULTANS. Beard. — Beard, full, and close around the throat, joining the crest and covering the face. Neck. — Short, well arched, carried well back and furnished with abundant hackle. Back. — Rather broad, straight, and drooping to the tail. Breast. — Round, deep and prominent. Body and Fluff. — Body, very square, compact, and carried low. Fluff, moderately full. Wings. — Large and carried low. Tail. — Large, well expanded, and rather erect. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, very short, stout, well feathered, with full, long vulture hocks. Shanks, very short, heavily feathered down the outer sides. Toes, five upon each foot, straight, the middle and outer toes well feathered. COLOR OF THE MALE AND FEMALE. Beak. — White. Eyes. — Red. Face. — Bright red, but covered with the beard and almost invisible. Comb. — Bright red. Wattles and Ear-lobes. — Wattles, bright red. Ear-lobes, color immaterial. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, Shanks, dark blue. Toes, dark blue. Plumage. — Pure white throughout. FRIZZLED FOWLS. 1 93 FRIZZLED FOWLS. DISQUALIFICATIONS . Wry tails; any sort of deformity; more than four toes; not matching in combs, in color of legs or in color of plumage, when shown in pairs, trios or pens; combs other than single. NO SCALE OF POINTS, MALE AND FEUIAL.E. The feathers showing a tendency to curve backwards or upwards at the ends; this curving at the ends being more notice able in the hackle and saddle feathers, but the more all of the feathers are well curved the better. Hoods to be encouraged. Color. — Solid; admissible black, white, red and bay, pro- vided the birds match when shown in pairs, trios and pens. Comb. — Single. Feathers on neck curving upward and on the back of the head, after the style of a hood in pigeons to be encouraged. 194 RUMPLESS FOWLS. RUMPLESS FOWLS. DISQUALIFICATIONS . Birds not matching in the show pen in combs, in the color of legs or in the plumage; any approach to a tail. NO SCALE OF POINTS. MALE AND FEUALE. Entire absence of tails. Color. — White or black preferred, but any solid color admitted. Comb. — Rose or single, without specific points or requirements. TURKEYS. 195 CLASS XII. TURKEYS. Breeds. Turkey Variety. Bronze. Narragansett. Buff. *> Slate. White. Black. SCALE OF POINTS FOR TURKEYS. Typical Carriage, 8 Weight, . . . - 15 Condition, • . 6 Head '..... 5 Throat wattle, 5 Neck-Shape 3, Color 3, 6 Back-Shape 5, Color 5, 10 Breast-Shape 5, Color 5, . , to Body and Fluff-Shape 5, Color 5, . .""'". . . to Wings-Shape 4, Color 6, . . . . ■ . . . 10 Tail-Shape 4, Color 6, ....... 10 Legs and Toes, 5 Note. — Deformed keel to be cut i to 3 points. 196 BRONZE TURKEYS. BRONZE TURKEYS. DISQUALIFICATIONS . White feathers in any part of the plumage; wings showing one or more primary feathers clear black or brown or absence of white or gray bars more than one-half the length of wing primaries; color of back, tail or tail coverts clear black, brown or gray; decidedly wry tails; crooked back; adult cocks weighing less than thirty pounds; yearling cocks weighing less than twenty-five pounds; cockerels less than eighteen pounds; hens less than fourteen pounds; pullets less than ten pounds. STANDARD WEIGHTS. Adult Cock 36 lbs. Hen 20 lbs. Yearling Cock.... .. 33 lbs. Pullets 16 lbs. Cockerel 25 lbs. SHAPE OF THE MALE AND FEMALE. Head. — Long, broad, carunculated. Beak. — Strong, curved, well set in the head. Eyes. — Bright, clear. Throat Wattle. — Heavily carunculated. Neck. — Long and curving backward towards the tail. Back. — Somewhat curving, rising from the neck and then descending in a graceful curve to the tail. Breast. — Broad, deep and full. Body and Fluff. — Body, long, deep through the center and handsomely rounded- BRONZE TURKEYS. 197 Wings. — Large and powerful, smooihly folded and carried well up on the rides. Tail. — Rather long. Legs and Toes. — Thighs long and ^tout; shanks large, long and strong; toes straight, strong. COLOR OF THE MALE. Head. — Rich red, changeable to bluish white. Beak. — Light horn at the tip and dark at the base. Eyes. — Dark hazel. Throat wattle. — Rich red, changeable to bluish white. Neck. — Light, rich, brilliant bronze. Back. — From the neck to the center of the back, a light, rich, brilliant bronze, each feather terminating in a narrow black band extending across the end. From the center of back to tail coverts black, each feather heavily edged with bronze. Breast. — Light, rich, brilliant bronze. Body and Fluff. — Body black, beautifully shaded with bronze, but not so decided or so rich as that of the breast. Fluff black, each feather ending in a wide, black and bronzy band extending across the feather, with a narrow edging of white or gray. Wings. — Bows black, with a brilliant bronzy or greenish lustre. Primaries, each feather evenly and distinctively barred across with parallel bars of black and white extending the en- tire length of the feather. Secondaries black or dark brown, evenly and regularly barred across with bars of white or gray, the color changing to a bronzy brown as the center of the back is approached, with but little admixture of white: an edging of white or brown in the secondaries very objectionable. Coverts, beautiful rich bronze, the feathers terminating in a wide black band, forming a broad, bronzy band across the wings when folded and separated from the primaries by a glossy black, ribbon-like mark, formed by the ends of the coverts. 198 BRONZE TURKEYS. Tail. — Black, each feather irregularly penciled with narrow- band of light brown and ending in a broad, black band with a wide edging of white or gray — white preferred. Coverts black or dark brown, each feather irregularly penciled with a narrow band of light brown, ending in a wide black and bronze band extending across the feather with a wide edging of white or gray — white preferred. The more distinct the color through- out the whole plumage, the better. Legs and Toes. — Thighs similar to that of the breast, but the colors less rich and decided. Shanks, in young birds dark, ap- proaching black; in adult birds, usually of a pinkish hue or flesh-color. Toes, the same as the shanks. COLOR OF THE FEMALE, The entire plumage is similar to that of the male, but the colors are not so brilliant or clearly defined, and the edging of the feathers dull white or gray. NARRAGANSETT TURKEYS. *99 NARRAGANSETT TURKEYS. DISQUALIFICATIONS . Buff or slate-colored feathers in any part of the plumage; decidedly wry tails; crooked backs; cocks weighing less than twenty-two pounds; hens weighing less than fourteen pounds. STANDARD WEIGHTS. Cock 30 lbs. Hen 18 lbs. Cockerel 20 lbs. Pullet 12 lbs. SHAPE OF THE MALE AND FEJIALE. Head. — Long, broad, carunculated. Beak. — Strong, curved, well set in the head. Eyes. — Bright, clear. Throat wattle. — Heavily carunculated. Neck. — Long and curving backward toward the tail. Back. — Somewhat curving, rising from the neck to the center and then descending in a graceful curve to the tail. Breast. — Broad and full. Body and Fluff. — Body long, deep through the center and handsomely rounded. Fluff short. Wings. — Large and powerful. Tail. — Rather long. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, long and stout. Shanks, large, long and strong. Toes, straight, strong. 200 NARRAGANSETT TURKEYS. COLOR OF THE JTIAL.E. Head. — Rich red, changeable to bluish white. Beak. — Light horn. Eyes. — Dark hazel. Throat wattle. — Rich red, changeable to bluish white. Neck. — Metallic black, each feather ending in a broad, light Steel-gray band, edged with black. Back. — Metallic black, each feather ending in a broad, light steel-gray band, edged with black. Breast. — Metallic black, each feather ending in a broad, light steel-gray band, edged with black. Body and Fluff. — Body, metallic black, each feather ending in a broad, light steel-gray band, edged with black. Wings. — Bows, metallic black, with considerable bronze lustre in the sunlight. Primaries, black or dark brown, penciled across with white or gray bars, the more evenly and regularly the better. Secondaries, markings similar to those of the pri- maries, but less distinct, and approaching a light gray on the outside web. Coverts, on the inside web, brown approaching black; on the outside web, a light gray, terminating in a broad, metallic-black band; the wings, when folded, having two dis- tinct ribbon-like bars across them. Tail. — Black, each feather irregularly penciled with bars of brown, and ending in a broad, black band, edged with light gray, approaching white. Coverts, rich, metallic black, each feather irregularly penciled with narrow bars of light brown or buff, and ending in a broad, light-gray band. Legs and Toes. — Thighs rich, metallic black, each feather ending in a broad, light steel-gray band, edged with black. Shanks, deep salmon or brown. Toes same as the shanks. NARRAGANSETT TURKEYS. 201 COLOR OF THE FEMALE. The entire plumage is similar to that of the male, but the colors are not so distinct and the feathers terminate in an edging of lighter gray. 202 BUFF TURKEYS. BUFF TURKEYS. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Decidedly wry tails; crocked backs; cocks weighing less than eighteen pounds; hens weighing less than twelve pounds. STANDARD WEIGHTS. Cock 27 lbs. Hen. 18 lbs. Cockerel 18 lbs. Pullet 12 lbs. SHAPE OF THE MALE AND FEMALE:. Head. — Long, broad, carunculated. Beak. — Strong, curved, well set in the head. Eyes. — Bright, clear. Throat wattle. — Heavily carunculated. Neck. — Long and curving backward toward the tail. Back. — Somewhat curving, rising from the neck to the center and then descending in a graceful curve to the tail. Breast. — Broad and full. Body and Fluff. — Body, long, deep through the center, and handsomely rounded. Fluff, short. Wings. — Large and powerful. Tail. — Rather long. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, long and stout. Shanks, large, long and strong. Toes, straight, strong. BUFF TURKEYS. COLOR OF THE HALE, 203 Head. — Rich red, changeable to bluish white. Beak. — Bluish white. Eyes. — Dark hazel. Throat wattle. — Rich red, changeable to bluish white. Legs and Toes. — Shanks, bluish- white or flesh-color. Toes, same as the shanks. Plumage. — Pure buff throughout, the wings being of a very light shade. COLOR OF THE FEMALE. The entire plumage is similar to that of the male. 204 SLATE TURKEYS. SLATE TURKEYS. DISQUALIFICATIONS Feathers other than slaty or ashy blue (which may be dotted with black), in any part of the plumage; decidedly wry tails; crooked backs; cocks weighing less than eighteen pounds; hens weighing less than twelve pounds. STANDARD WEIGHTS. Cock 27 lbs. Hen 18 lbs. Cockerel 18 lbs. Pullet 12 lbs. SHAPE OF THE MALE AND FEMALE. Head. — Long, broad, carunculated. Beak. — Strong, curved, well set in the head. Eyes. — Bright, clear. Throat Wattle. — Heavily carunculated. Neck. — Long and curving backward toward the tail. Back. — Somewhat curving, rising from the neck to the cen- ter, and then descending in a graceful curve to the tail. Breast. — Broad and full. Body and Fluff. — Body, long, deep through the center, and handsomely rounded. Fluff, short. Wings. — Large and powerful. Tail. — Rather long. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, long and stout. Shanks, large, long and strong. Toes, straight, strong. SLATE TURKEYS. COLOR OF THE MALE. 205 Head. — Rich red, changeable to bluish white. Beak. — Light blue, dark blue, or horn. Eyes. — Dark hazel. Throat wattle. — Rich red, changeable to bluish white. Legs and Toes. — Shanks, light or dark blue. Toes, the same as the shanks. Plumage. — Slaty or ashy blue throughout, sometimes dotted with black, but the freer from dotting the better. COLOR OF THE FEMALE. The entire plumage is similar to that of the male. 206 WHITE HOLLAND TURKEYS. WHITE HOLLAND TURKEYS. DISQUALIFICATIONS . Feathers other than white in any part of the plumage; de- cidedly wry tails; natural crooked backs; cocks weighing less than eighteen pounds; hens weighing less than ten pounds. Color of legs other than white, pinkish or flesh-color. STANDARD WEIGHTS. Cock 26 lbs. Hen 16 lbs- Cockerel 16 lbs. Pullet 10 lbs. SHAPE OF THE MALE AND FEMALE, Head. — Long, broad, carunculated. Beak. — Strong, curved, well set in the head. Eyes. — Bright, clear. Throat Wattle. — Heavily carunculated. Neck. — Long, and curving backward toward the tail. Back. — Somewhat curving, rising from the neck to the center, and then descending in a graceful curve to the tail. Breast. — Broad and full. Body and Fluff. — Body, long, deep through the center, and handsomely rounded. Fluff, short. Wings. — Large and powerful. Tail. — Rather long. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, long and stout. Shanks, large, long and strong. Toes, straight, strong. WHITE HOLLAND TURKEYS. 207 COLOR OF THE MALE. Head. — Rich red, changeable to bluish white. Beak. — Pinkish or flesh. Eyes. — Dark hazel. Throat wattle. — Rich red, changeable to bluish white. Legs and Toes. — Shanks, white, pinkish or flesh-color. Toes, same as the shanks. Plumage. — Pure white throughout, except the beard, which is deep black. COLOR OF THE FEMALE. The entire plumage is similar to that of the male. 208 BLACK TURKEYS. BLACK TURKEYS. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Feathers other than black in any part of the plumage; de- cidedly wry tails; crooked backs; cocks weighing less than eighteen pounds; hens weighing less than twelve prounds. STANDARD WEIGHTS. Cock 27 lbs. Hen 18 lbs. Cockerel 18 lbs. Pullet 12 lbs. SHAPE OF THE MALE AND FEMALE. Head. — Long, broad, carunculated. Beak. — Strong, curved, well set in the head. Eyes. — Bright, clear. Throat Wattle. — Heavily carunculated. Neck. — Long and curving backward toward the tail. Back. — Somewhat curving, rising from the neck to the center and then descending in a graceful curve to the tail. Breast. — Broad and full. Body and Fluff. — Body, long, deep through the center, and handsomely rounded. Fluff, short. Wings. — Large and powerful. Tail. — Rather long. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, long and stout. Shanks, large, long and strong. Toes, straight, strong. BLACK TURKEYS. 200, COL.OR OF THE MALE. Head. — Rich red, changeable to bluish white. Beak. — Dark horn or slaty black. Eyes. — Dark hazel. Throat wattle. — Rich red, changeable to bluish white. Legs and Toes. — Shanks, dark lead or slaty black. Toes same as the shanks. Plumage. — Lustrous black throughout. COLOR OF THE FEMALE. The entire plumage is similar to that oi the male. DUCKS. CLASS XIII. DUCKS. Breed. Variety. Pekin White. Aylesbury White. Rouen Colored. Cayuga Black. CaLL \ White. East Indian Black. Crested White. Indian Runner Muscovy ^wES* SCALE OF POINTS FOR ALL DUCKS EXCEPT CRESTED. Typical Carriage, 10 Weight,* . . ... . . . . . _ 25 Condition, ....... ... 10 Head, ..,,,..... 10 Neck, ...,,,,,,,, 5 Back, • 10 Breast, .*........ 10 Body, 10 Wings, . 5 Tail, .......... 2 Legs and Toes, . . . . . . . . . 2 100 * For weight, read smallness of size in applying the scale to Call and East Indian Ducks. PEKIN DUCKS. 211 PEKIN DUCKS. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Decidedly wry tails ; crooked backs ; twisted wings ; bills marked with black ; feathers other than pure white or creamy white in any part of the plumage. (See general disqualifications.) STANDARD WEIGHTS. Adult Drake 8 lbs. Adult Duck 7 lbs. Young Drake 7 lbs. Young Duck 6 lbs. SHAPE OF THE DRAKE AND DUCK. Head. • — Long and finely formed. Bill. — Of medium size, slightly convex between the juncture of the head and the extremity. Neck. — In the drake rather long and large; in the duck, of medium length, and in both well arched. Back. — Long and broad, with slightly concave sweep from shoulder to tail. Wings. — Short and carried closely and smoothly against the sides. Tail. — Rather erect the curled feathers in that of the drake being hard and stiff. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, short and large. Shanks, short and large. Toes straight, connected by the web. Carriage Of Body. — Elevated in front, sloping downward toward the rear. COLOR OF THE DUCK AND DRAKE. Eyes. — Deep leaden blue. Legs and Toes. — Shanks, reddish orange. Toes, same color as shanks. 2 12 AYLESBURY DUCKS. AYLESBURY DUCKS. DISQUALIFICATIONS . Decidedly wry tails: crooked backs; twisted wings; bills marked with black; feathers other than pure white in any part of the plumage. (See general disqualifications.) STANDARD WEIGHTS, Drake gibs. Adult Duck 8 lbs. Young Drake 8 lbs. Young Duck 7 lbs. SHAPE OF THE DRAKE AND DUCK. Head. — Long and finely formed. Bill. — Long, broad and when viewed sidewise, the outline nearly straight from the top of the head to the tip of the bill. Neck. — Long, slender and slightly curved. Back. — Long and broad and straight on top. Breast. — Prominent and full. Body. — Long and deep. Wings. — Strong, and carried closely and smoothly against the sides. Tail. — But slightly elevated, composed of stiff and hard feathers, with hard, curled feathers in that of the drake. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, short and stout. Shanks, stout and strong. Toes, straight, connected by the web. Carriage Of Body. — Nearly horizontal. AYLESBURY DUCKS. 213 COLOR OF THE DRAKE AND DUCK. Bill. — Pale flesh color, perfectly free from black or dark marks. Eyes. — Deep leaden hue. Legs and Toes. — Shanks, bright, light orange. Toes, same color of shanks. Plumage. — Pure white throughout. 214 ROUEN DUCKS. ROUEN DUCKS. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Decidedly wry tails; crooked backs; twisted wings; bills clear yellow, dark green, blue or lead color; white in primaries or secondaries; any approach to white ring on the neck of the duck. STANDARD WEIGHTS. Adult Drake gibs. Adult Duck 8 lbs. Young Drake 8 lbs. Young Duck 7 lbs. SHAPE OF THE DRAKE. Head. — Long and finely formed. Bill. — Long, broad, wider at the extremity than at the base, and, when viewed sidewise, the top slightly depressed from the crown of the head to the tip of the bill. Neck. — Long, slender, and neatly arched. Back. — Long and broad. Breast. — Broad and deep. Body. — Long, deep and broad. Wings. — Short, and carried smoothly against the sides. Tail. — But slightly elevated, composed of hard, stiff feathers. Curled feathers, hard and well curled. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, short and large. Shanks, short and large. Toes, straight, connected by the web. Carriage Of Body. — Nearly horizontal. ROUEN DUCKS. 215 SHAPE OF THE DUCK. Head. — Long and finely formed. Bill. — Long, broad, and somewhat flat. Neck. — Long, slender and neatly arched. Back. — Long. Breast. — Broad and deep. Body. — Long, deep and broad. Wings. — Short, and carried closely and smoothly against the sides. Tail. — But slightly elevated, composed of hard, stiff feathers. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, short and large. Shanks, short and large. Toes, straight, connected by the web. Carriage Of Body. — Nearly horizontal. COLOR OF THE DRAKE. Head. — Rich, lustrous green. Bill. — Greenish yellow, without any other shade except the black bean at the tip. Eyes. — Dark hazel. Neck. — Rich, lustrous green, with a distinct white ring on the lower part, not quite meeting at the back. Back. — Upper part ashy gray, mixed with green, becoming a rich, lustrous green on the lower part of the rump. Shoulder coverts, gray, finely streaked with waving brown lines. Breast. — The front part a very rich purplish brown, or claret color, free from other color, the claret color extending well down the breast. Body. — On the under part and on the sides a steel-gray, growing lighter near the vent, and ending in black in solid green black, forming a distinct line of separation between the two colors. 2l6 ROUEN DUCKS. Wings. — Grayish-brown mixed with green, with a broad, ribbon-like mark of rich purple, with metallic reflections of green and blue, edged with white, the two colors being quite distinct. Primaries, dark, dusky brown. Tail. — Dark ashy brown, the outer web in old birds edged with white. Coverts, black, with a very rich purple reflection; tail well filled in on the under side with solid beetle-green feathers. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, ashy-gray. Shanks, orange, with a brownish tinge. Toes, same color as the shanks. COLOR OF THE DUCK. Head. — Deep brown, with two light tan strips on each side, running from the bill behind the eyes. Bill. — Brownish orange, with a dark blotch on the upper part and a black bean at the tip. Eyes. — Dark hazel. Neck. — Light brown, penciled with a dark, lustrous brown, and free from the least appearance of a white ring. Back. — Light brown, richly marked with green. Breast. — Dark brown, richly penciled with light brown. Body. — Under part and sides light brown, each feather dis- tinctly penciled with rich, dark brown to the point of the tail. Wings. — Light brown mixed with green, with broad ribbon. like bars of rich purple across them, edged with white. Pri- maries, brown. Tail. — Light brown color, with distinct, broad, wavy penciling of dark greenish brown. Coverts, brown, with broad, distinct and beautiful penciling of dark brown or greenish brown. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, dark brown, distinctly penciled. Shanks, orange or orange brown. Toes, same color as shanks. CAYUGA DUCKS. 217 CAYUGA DUCKS. DISQUALIFICATIONS . Decidedly wry tails; crooked backs; twisted wings; white in iny part of the plumage. STANDARD WEIGHTS. Adult Drake 8 lbs. Adult Duck 7 lbs. Young Drake 7 lbs. Young Duck ........ 6 lbs. shape: of the drake and duck. Head. — Small, neat and slender. Bill. — Rather short, and the top line slightly depressed. Neck. — Of medium length, and slightly arched. Back. — Long and broad. Breast. — Broad, full and prominent. Body. — Long, deep and broad. Wings. — Short, and folded closely and smoothly against the sides. Tail. — But slightly elevated, composed of hard, stiff feathers, the curled feathers in the tail of the drake being hard and well curled. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, short and large. Shanks, of medium length and size. Toes, straight, connected by the web. Carriage of Body. — Nearly horizontal. 2l8 CAYUGA DUCKS. COLOR OF THE DRAKE AND DUCK. Bill. — Black. Eyes. — Dark hazel. Legs and Toes. — Shanks, dark slate or black; the latter pre- ferred. Toes, same color as the shanks. Plumage. — Lustrous green black throughout, except the pri- maries of the duck, which are sometimes dark brown. CALL DUCKS. 219 CALL DUCKS. SHAPE OF THE DRAKE AND DUCK. Head. — Full, with high forehead. Bill. — Short and broad. Neck. — Of medium length. Back. — Comparatively short. Breast. — Prominent and full. Body. — Short, compact and small, the-smaller the better. Wings. — Long. Tail. — But slightly elevated and composed of hard, stiff feathers; in the drake the curled feathers well curled. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, short and plump. Shanks, short. Toes, straight, and connected by the web. Carriage Of Body.— Nearly horizontal. 2 20 GRAY CALL DUCKS. GRAY CALL DUCKS. DISQUALIFICATIONS . Decidedly wry tails; crooked backs; twisted wings; any ap- proach to white ring on the neck of the duck; white primary feathers in either sex. COLOR OF THE DRAKE. Head. — Rich, lustrous green. Bill. — Greenish yellow. Eyes. — Dark hazel or brown. Neck. — Lustrous green, with a distinct white ring on the lower part, not quite meeting at the back. Back. — Ashy-gray, mixed with green on the upper part, and on the lower part and rump, rich lustrous green. Breast. — Rich, purplish brown or claret color, free from other color, the claret extending well down the breast. Body. — On the under part and on the sides a steel-gray, growing lighter near the vent, and ending in a solid beetle-green black, forming a distinct line of separation between the two colors. Wings. — Grayish brown, mixed with green, with a broad ribbon-like mark of rich purple, with metallic reflections of green and blue, edged with white, the two colors quite distinct. Pri- maries, dark, dusky brown. Tail. — Dark ashy-brown color, the outer web in old birds edged with white. Tail coverts, black, with a very rich purple reflection. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, ashy-gray. Shanks and Toes. — Orange, with a brownish tinge. GRAY CALL DUCKS. 221 COLOR €»F THE DUCK. Head. — Deep brown, with two light tan stripes on each side, running from the bill behind the eyes. Bili. — Brownish orange. Eyes. — Dark hazel or brown. Neck. — Light brown, penciled with a dark lustrous brown, and free from the least appearance of a white ring. Back. — Light brown, richly marked with green Breast. — Dark brown, richly penciled with lighter brown. Body. — Under part and sides, light brown, each feather dis- tinctly penciled with rich, dark brown to the point of the tail. Wings. — Light brown, mixed with green, with broad, ribbon- like bars of rich purple across them, edged with white, the two colors distinct. Primaries, brown. Tail. — Light brown, with distinct, broad, wavy penciling of dark greenish brown. Tail coverts, brown, with broad, distinct and beautiful penciling of dark brown or greenish brown Legs and Toes. — Thighs, dark brown, distinctly penciled. Shanks and Toes, orange or orange brown. 22 2 WHITE CALL DUCKS. WHITE CALL DUCKS. DISQUALIFICATIONS Decidedly wry tails; crooked backs; twisted wings; bills marked with black; feathers other than pure white or creamy white in any part of the plumage. (See general disqualifications.) COLOR OF THE DRAKE) AND DUCK. Plumage. — Pure white throughout. Bill. — Bright yellow. Eyes. — Gray or blue. Shanks and Toes. — Bright orange. BLACK EAST INDIAN DUCKS. 223 BLACK EAST INDIAN DUCKS. DISQUALIFICATIONS . Decidedly wry tails; crooked backs; twisted wings; white in in any part of the plumage. SHAPE OF THE DRAKE AND DUCK. Head, — Short and slender. Bill. — Rather short. Neck. — Short and nicely arched. Back. — Rather long and of medium width. Breast. — Plump and full. Body. — Long and comparatively small, the smaller the better. Wings. — Long and well folded. Tail. — Slightly elevated, composed of short, stiff feathers, the curled feathers in that of the drake well curled. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, short and plump. Shanks, short. Toes, straight, connected by the web. Carriage of Body. — Nearly horizontal. COLOR OF THE DRAKE AND DUCK. Bill. — The drake's, very dark yellowish green; the duck's, nearly black. Eye8. — Dark hazel. Legs and Toes. — Shanks, dark. Toes, same as shanks. Plumage. — Rich black, with a brilliant greenish tint through- out. 224 CRESTED WHITE DUCKS. CRESTED WHITE DUCKS. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Decidedly wry tails; crooked backs; twisted wings; feathers other than pure white or creamy white in any part of the plum- age. (See general disqualifications.) STANDARD WEIGHTS. Adult Drake., 7 lbs. Young Drake. ........ 6 lbs. Adult Duck... 6 lbs. Young Duck 5 lbs. SCALE OF POINTS. Typical Carriage, Weight, Condition, Head, Crest, . Neck, Back, . Breast, Body, . Wings, Tail,. Legs and Toes, 10 20 10 10 10 5 5 10 10 5 3 2 100 WHITE CRESTED DUCKS. 225 SHAPE OF THE DRAKE AND DUCK. Head. — Of medium size. Bill. — Of medium size. Eyes. — Large, bright. Crest. — Large and well balanced upon the crown of head. Neck, — Rather long, slightly arched. Back. — Of medium length and width. Breast. — Prominent and full. Body. — Of medium length, and plump. Wings. — Of medium length, and smoothly folded Tail. — But slightly elevated, composed of hard, stiff feathers, the curled feathers in the drake being well curled Legs and Toes. — Thighs, short and plump. Shanks, short. Toes, straight, connected by the web. Carriage Of Body. — Nearly horizontal. COLOR OF THE DRAKE AND DUCK. Bill, — Yellow. Eyes. — Deep leaden blue or gray. Legs and Toes. — Shanks, light orange. Toes, same color as shanks. Plumage. — Pure white throughout. 2 26 MUSCOVY DUCKS. MUSCOVY DUCKS. STANDARD WEIGHTS. Adult Drake 10 lbs. Adult Duck 8 lbs. Young Drake 8 lbs. Young Duck 7 lbs, SHAPE OF THE DRAKE AND DUCK. Head. — Rather long, and, in the drake, large, the top being covered with long, crest-like feathers, which are readily ele- vated or depressed by the bird when it becomes excited or alarmed; sides of head and face covered with caruncles, the larger the better. Bill. — Rather short, and of medium width. Neck. — Of medium length, and well arched. Back. — Long, broad, and somewhat flat. Breast. — Broad and full. Body. — Long and broad. Wings. — Very long and stout. Tail. — Rather long, with an abundance of stiff plumage. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, very short and large. Shanks, short and large. Toes, straight, connected by the web. COLORED MUSCOVY DUCKS. 227 COLORED MUSCOVY DUCKS. DISQUALIFICATIONS . Decidedly wry tails; crooked backs; twisted wings. COLOR OF THE DRAKE AND DUCK, Head. — Glossy black and white. Bill. — Dark horn. Eyes. — Brown. Face. — Caruncles, red. Neck. — Black or black and white, black predominating. Back. — Lustrous blue-black, sometimes broken with white feathers. Breast and Body. — Lustrous blue-black, sometimes broken with white. Wings. — Coverts, rich, lustrous green black. Tail. — In color, either black or white, the latter preferred. Thighs. — Black or white, the latter preferred. Shanks and Toes. — Varying in color from yellow to dark lead or black. 2 28 WHITE MUSCOVY DUCKS. WHITE MUSCOVY DUCKS. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Decidedly wry tails; crooked backs; twisted wings; smooth heads; feathers other than pure white in any part of plumage. (See general disqualifications.) COLOR OF DRAKE AND DUCK. Plumage. — Pure white throughout. Beak. — Pinkish flesh-color. Eyes. — Blue or gray. Face. — Caruncles, red. Shanks and Toes. — Pale orange or yellow. INDIAN RUNNER DUCKS. 229 INDIAN RUNNER DUCK. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Blue wing bars; claret breasts; absence of feathers from the flights or secondary flights; twisted wings; decidedly wry tail, crooked backs. STANDARD WEIGHTS. Drake , ...4! lbs. Duck 4 lbs. SHAPE OF the: drake and duck. Head. — Long, flat, finely formed. Bill. — Strong at base, fairly broad and long, coming as nearly as possible in a straight line down from the skull, having the appearance of a long edge. Eyes. — Set high in the head. Neck. — As long and thin as possible. Breast. — Round and full. Back. — Long and narrow. Body. — Long, narrow and racy-looking, erectly carried, somewhat resembling the form of a penguin, without the slight- est indication of keel. Wings. — Medium length, closely carried. Tail. — Composed of hard, stiff feathers, the curled feathers in the tail of the drake being hard and well curled. 23° INDIAN RUNNER DUCKS. COLOR OF THE DRAKE AND DUCK. Head. — Light fawn or gray (fawn preferred) and white. The head should be adorned with a cap and cheek markings of light fawn or gray color, and a narrow white line should divide the cap from the cheek markings, and a line of white about one- eighth of an inch should divide the base of the bill from the head markings. Bill. — Yellow, spotted with green when young; green when fully developed, with a black bean. Neck. — Perfectlv white from the head to where the breast markings begin, which should be about one and one-half to two inches from the base of the neck. Breast. — Light fawn or gray, evenly cut about half way between the point of the breast-bone and the legs. Back. — A light fawn or gray, even throughout. Body. — Light fawn or gray, even throughout. Wings. — The shoulders, top part of wings and the tail same color as the breast, and should be the shape of a heart pressed flat on the back. Fluff. — White, except an indistinct line of color, which runs from the base of the tail to the thigh. Tail. — Light fawn or gray, which, in the drake, is frequently a trifle darker than the body color. Legs and Toes. — A deep bright yellow. GEESE. 231 CLASS XIV GEESE. Breeds. Varieties. Toulouse ..«-.. Gray. Embden . . White. African Gray. C" jBrown. Wild or Canada , Gray. Egyptian Colored. SCALE OF POINTS FOR CLASS XIV. Typical Carriage, ....,.< ,10 Weight, 25 Condition, ........ 10 Head, .......... 10 Neck, «.,,.. 5 Back, .. 10 Breast, 10 Body, . . . . . . . . - . 10 Wings, , 5 Tail, .......... 3 Legs and Toes, . . . • „ , ,' 2 100 232 TOULOUSE GEESE. TOULOUSE GEESE. DISQUALIFICATIONS . Decidedly wry tails; crooked backs; twisted wings. STANDARD WEIGHTS. Adult Gander 20 lbs. Adult Goose 18 lbs. Young Gander 18 lbs. Young Goose 15 lbs. SHAPE OF THE GANDER AND GOOSE. Head. — Rather large and short. Bill. — Comparatively short, stout at the base. Neck. — Of medium length and carried rather erect. Dewlap very desirable in aged fowls. Back. — Of moderate length, broad, curving slightly from the neck to the tail. Breast. — Broad and deep. Body. — Of medium length, broad, very deep and compact; the bellies of fat birds almost touch the ground. Wings. — Large, strong, and smoothly folded against the sides. Tail. — Comparatively short; the feathers hard and stiff. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, short and stout. Shanks, short, stout. Toes, straight, connected by the web. COLOR OF THE GANDER AND GOOSE* Head.— Gray. Bill. — Flesh orange. Eyes. — Dark brown or hazel. TOULOUSE GEESE. 233 Neck. — Dark gray shading to lighter gray as it approaches the back. Back. — Dark gray. Breast. — Light gray. Body. — Light gray, growing lighter until it becomes white upon the belly, the white extending back to and around the tail, and covering all the lower posterior or fluffy parts: from a front view but little of the white is visible. Wings. — Primaries, dark gray or brown. Secondaries, darker than the primaries. Coverts, dark gray. Tail. — Gray and white, the ends being tipped with white. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, light gray. Shanks, deep reddish orange. Toes, same color as the shanks. 2 34 EMBDEN GEESE. EMBDEN GEESE. DISQUALIFICATIONS . Decidedly wry tails; crooked backs; twisted wings; feathers other than pure white in any part of the plumage. STANDARD WEIGHTS. Adult Gander 20 lbs. Adult Goose 18 lbs. Young Gander 18 lbs. Young Goose 16 lbs. SHAPE OF THE GANDER AND GOOSE. Head. — Rather large. Bill. — Of medium length and size, stout at the base. Eyes. — Large. Neck. — Rather long and carried quite upright. Back. — Of medium length, and slightly arched from the neck to the tail. Breast. — Round, deep and full. Body. — Large, square and very deep, in fat specimens almost touching the ground. Wings. — Large, strong, and smoothly folded against the sides. Tail. — Comparatively short, the feathers hard and stiff. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, short and large. Shanks, short, stout. Toes, straight, connected by the web. EMBDEN GEESE. 235 COLOR OF THE GANDER AND GOOSE. Head. — White. Sill. — Orange. Eyes. — Bright blue. Legs and Toes. — Shanks deep orange. Toes, same color as the shanks. Plumage. — Pure white throughout. 236 AFRICAN GEESE. AFRICAN GEESE. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Decidedly wry tails; crooked backs; twisted wings; beak and knob other than black in color; absence of knob or dewlap. STANDARD WEIGHTS. Adult Gander 20 lbs. Adult Goose 18 lbs* Young Gander 16 lbs. Young Goose 14 lbs. SHAPE OF the: gander and goose. Head. — Large, with large knob, and heavy dewlap under the throat. Bill. — Rather large, stout at the base. Knob. — Large. Neck. — Long and curved. Throat embellished with dewlap. Back. — Broad and flat. Breast. — Round and moderately full. Body. — Large, long, and rather upright. Wings. — Large and strong, and smoothly folded against the side. Tail. — Composed of stiff and hard feathers. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, short and stout. Shanks, of medium length, dusky. Toes, straight, connected by the web. AFRICAN GEESE. 237 COLOR OF THE GANDER AND GOOSE* Head. — Gray. Bill. — Black. Knob. — Black. Eyes. — Hazel or brown. Neck. — Light gray, with a dark stripe from the head to the body. Back. — Dark gray. Breast. — Gray. Body. — Light gray upon the under parts. Wings. — Dark gray. Tail. — Dark gray. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, light gray. Shanks, dark orange. Toes, same color as the shanks. 238 BROWN CHINESE GEESE. BROWN CHINESE GEESE. DISQUALIFICATIONS . Decidedly wry tails; crooked backs; twisted wings; absence of knob. STANDARD WEIGHTS. Adult Gander 14 lbs. Adult Goose 12 lbs. Young Gander 10 lbs. Young Goose 8 lbs. SHAPE OF THE GANDER AND GOOSE. Head. — Rather large and long, with a large knob at the base of the bill. Bill. — Of medium length, stout at the base. Eyes. — Large, bright. Neck. — Long, and gracefully arched. Back. — Of medium length and width, and slightly arched from the neck to the tail. Breast. — Round and moderately full. Body. — Round, plump and of medium size. Wings. — Large, strong, and smoothly folded against the sides* Tail. — Composed of hard, stiff feathers. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, short and stout. Shanks, of medium length. Toes, straight, connected by the web. BROWN CHINESE GEESE. 239 COLOR OF THE GANDER AND GOOSE, Head. — Brown. Knob, dark brown or black. Bill. — Dark brown or black. Eyes. — Hazel or brown. Neck. — Light brown or grayish brown, with a dark stripe from the head down to the body. Back. — Dark brown. Breast. — Grayish brown. Body. — Grayish brown, lighter in shade on the under parts. Wings. — Brown. Tail. — Brown. Legs and Toes. — Grayish brown. Shanks, dark or dusky orange. Toes, same color as the shanks. 240 WHITE CHINESE GEESE. WHITE CHINESE GEESE. DISQUALIFICATIONS , Decidedly wry tails; crooked backs; twisted wings; absence of knob; feathers other than pure white in any part of the plum- age. STANDARD WEIGHTS. Adult Gander 14 lbs. Adult Goose.. 12 lbs. Young Gander 10 lbs. Young Goose 8 lbs. SHAPE OF THE GANDER AND GOOSE. Head. — Rather large and long, with a large orange-colored knob at the base of the bill. Bill. — Of medium length, stout at the base. Eyes. — Large, bright. Neck. — Long, and gracefully arched. Back. — Of medium length and width, and slightly arched from the neck to the tail. Breast. — Round and moderately full. Body. — Round, plump, and of medium size. Wings. — Large, strong, and smoothly folded against the sides. Tail. — Composed of hard, stiff feathers. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, short and stout. Shanks, of medium length. Toes, straight, connected by the web. WHITE CHINESE GEESE. 24 1 COLOR OF THE GANDER AND GOOSE. Head. — White. Knob, oranged-colored. Bill. — Orange. Eyes. — Deep leaden blue. Legs and Toes. — Shanks, orange. Toes, same color as shanks. Plumage. — Pure white throughout. 242 WILD OR CANADA GEESE. WILD OR CANADA GEESE. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Decidedly wry tails, crooked backs; twisted wings; one wing may be clipped to prevent flying. STANDARD WEIGHTS. Adult Gander '14 lbs. Adult Goose 12 lbs. Young Gander 10 lbs. Young Goose 8 lbs. shape: of the gander and goose:. Head. — Rather small. Bill. — Small, rather sharp at the point. Eyes. — Prominent, sharp. Neck. — Long, slender and snaky in appearance. Back. — Long, rather narrow, and arched from neck to tail. Breast. — Full and deep. Body. — Rather long and somewhat slender. Wings. — Long, large and powerful. Tail. — Composed of hard, stiff feathers. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, rather short. Shanks, rather long- Toes, straight, of medium length, connected by the web. WILD OR CANADA GEESE. 243 COLOR OF THE GANDER AND GOOSE. Head. — Black, with a white stripe nearly covering the side of the face. Bill. — Black. Eyes. — Black. Neck. — Black. Back. — Dark gray. Breast. — Light gray, growing darker as it approaches the legs. Body. — On the under part of the body, from the legs to the tail, white. Wings. — Dark gray. Primaries, dusky black, showing only a dark-gray color when wing is folded. Secondaries, brown, lighter in shade than the primaries. Tail. — Glossy black. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, gray. Shanks, black. Toes, same color as the shanks. 244 EGYPTIAN GEESE. EGYPTIAN GEESE. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Decidedly wry tails; crooked backs; twisted wings. STANDARD WEIGHTS. Adult Gander 10 lbs. Adult Goose 8 lbs. Young Gander 8 lbs. Young Goose 6 lbs. shape: of the gander and goose. Head. — Of medium size and rather long. Bill. — Of medium length and size. Neck. — Of medium length, and rather small. Back. — Rather narrow, and slightly arched from the neck to the tail. Breast. — Round but not deep. Body. — Rather long, and somewhat small and slender* Wings. — Large, and on the wing-joints, in lieu of the ordinary hard knobs, there are strong, white, horny spurs, about five- eighths of an inch long. Tail. — Composed of feathers hard and stiff. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, of medium length and substance. Shanks, rather long. Toes, straight, long, connected by the web. EGYPTIAN GEESE. 245 COLOR OF THE GANDER AND GOOSE. Head. — Black and gray, with chestnut-colored patch around the eyes. Bill. — Purple or bluish red. Eyes. — Orange. Neck. — Gray and black. Back. — Gray and black. Breast. — The center chestnut, the remainder gray. Body. — Gray and black on the upper parts, and on the under parts a pale buff or yellow, beautifully penciled with black" lines. Wings. — The shoulders white, with a narrow black stripe or bar of rich metallic lustre. Primaries and secondaries, glossy black. Tail. — Glossy black. Legs and Toes. — Thighs, pale buff. Shanks, reddish-yellow. Toes, same color as the shanks. CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS. AS AMENDED AND ADOPTED AT THE TWENTY. SECOND ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION AT BOSTON, JANUARY, 1898. CONSTITUTION. ARTICLE I. The designation of this organization shall be * The American Poultry Association." ARTICLE II. Section i. The object of this Association shall always be for the perfection of the American Standard of Perfection, which shall be exclusively the property of this Association; and to consider and discuss all matters of a national character regard- ing the poultry interests at large. ARTICLE III. Section i. The members of this Association shall consist of such persons as are approved by the Executive Committee, Qtt payment of a life membership fee of ten dollars. [247] 248 CONSTITUTION. Sec. 2. Local organizations will be entitled to membership upon the payment of a life membership fee of ten dollars and filing with the Secretary and Treasurer a copy of their Consti- tution and By-Laws, which shall in all essential particulars conform to the Constitution and By-Laws of this Association and may be represented at all meetings of this Association by a reg- ularly appointed or elected delegate from such society, and shall be governed by, and entitled to, all the privileges given by the Constitution and By-Laws of this Association. ARTICLE IV. Section i. The officers of this Association shall consist of a President, fifteen Vice Presidents, no two to be from one state, a Secretary and Treasurer; an Executive Committee; an Ad- visory Board, and a Finance and Auditing Committee. The Finance and Auditing Committee shall consist of three, selected from members of the Executive Committee. The Executive Committee shall consist of the President, Vice-Presidents, Sec- retary and Treasurer, and such members as may be chosen upon the following basis of representation, viz. : Every state having five life members shall be entitled to one member upon the Executive Committee, and every state having ten life mem- bers shall be entitled to two members on the committee, and to an additional member for every ten additional members; the officers ex-officio not to be counted in this apportionment. There may also be elected ten members at large. An Advisory Board of five shall be chosen, consisting of the ex- Presidents of the Association and such members as may be chosen to complete the number. The President who has last retired from the office shall be chairman of this board. Mem- bers of the Advisory Board are ineligible for any other office, but may vote for the place of annual meeting. Sec. 2. All officers of this Association shall be elected by bal- lot, at the regular annual meeting, to hold office for one year, or until their successors are elected. A majority of votes shall CONSTITUTION. 249 constitute an election. Vacancies occurring during the interim shall be filled by the Executive Committee. The President shall not be eligible for re-election for the ensuing term. The term of office of the Secretary-Treasurer shall not begin until the 1st of July following his election and shall expire the last day of the following June. ARTICLE . V. The annual meetings of this Association shall be holden at such time and place as shall be decided upon by the Executive Committee, sixty days' notice of the same to be given to each member by the Secretary and Treasurer. ARTICLE VI. Sfxtion 1. The life membership fees must be paid within ninety days after the election of a member, and any person who has been elected to membership who shall have neglected to pay his membership fee within that time shall be deemed to have forfeited his right to become a member. No one shall be considered a member until the membership fee is paid The membership fee may accompany the application for membership and will be returned in case the application be rejected. The Executive Committee shall have the power to expel or restore any member for cause by a vote of three-fourths of the mem- bers present. ARTICLE VII. This Constitution, as well as the By-Laws of this Association, having been approved by a two-thirds vote of all the members present at a regular meeting of the organization, they can only be repealed or amended by a like vote. Such repeal or amend- ment shall be offered in writing and be forwarded by the person proposing the same, to both the President and Secretary and Treasurer, and the Secretary and Treasurer shall cause such fepeal or amendment to be printed and mailed to every indi- 250 CONSTITUTION. vidual member of this Association at least sixty days prior to the meeting at which said repeal or amendment is to be con- sidered. ARTICLE VIII. Before any breed or variety can be admitted to the Standard it must comply with the following requirements, to wit. " It must be able to produce more than fifty per cent, of the chickens true to the type and characteristics of the breed or variety; the breed or variety must have been exhibited at three, at least, of the exhibitions where the American Poultry Association shall hold its annual meetings, and both male and female specimens of at least two generations must be on exhibition at the time when the breed or variety shall come up for admission to the Standard, in order that the members of the Association may in- spect the same to determine upon the thoroughbred character of the fowl; if the fowl applies for admission as a new breed it must possess new breed-characteristics, and if it applies for ad- mission as a new variety it must possess the characteristics of the breed of which it is a variety." A petition, addressed to the American Poultry Association, shall be presented. This petition shall contain a brief descrip- tion of the breed or variety; the facts known concerning its origin and breeding, and a prayer for its admission. Affidavits of the breeder and of two or more persons familiar with the breeding of the fowl shall be presented, the said affidavits to contain statements of the percentage of chickens breeding true to type. A proposed Standard for the breed or variety shall be presented, and may or may not be a part cf the petition. All of these papers shall be filed with the Secretary of the Association at least sixty days prior to the meeting of the Association and the Secretary shall give notice to the members, by advertise- ment or otherwise, of the pendency of such petition. If upon an examination of the affidavits and an inspection of the fowls the Association is satisfied that the fowl has reached a thoroughbred condition and that all requirements for its ad- CONSTITUTION. 25 1 mission have been complied with, a majority vote of the mem- bers present and voting by written ballot shall admit the breed or variety to the Standard. Sec. 2. This article shall not take effect until the adjourn- ment of this annual meeting of this Association. 252 BY-LAWS. BY-LAWS. ARTICLE I. The President shall preside at all meetings of this Association. He will appoint all special committees, unless otherwise ordered by the Association. He shall call extra meetings at the request of five or more members of the Executive Committee. He shall also preside at the opening and closing of fairs and on all occa- sions where the Association is officially represented. In case of the absence of the President, or his inability to act, the Vice-President in attendance, who is next named on the ticket elected, shall act as presiding officer. ARTICLE II. The Secretary and Treasurer shall conduct the general cor- respondence of the Association and have custody of the same. He shall read at the meeting of the Association all important letters received, and answers thereto, as copied in a book pro- vided for the purpose. The Secretary and Treasurer shall annually prepare a report of the proceedings of the Association. ARTICLE III. The Secretary and Treasurer shall prepare and distribute all notices of meetings of the Association and of the Executive Committee. He shall keep the minutes of such meetings and have charge of all the books and papers appertaining to his office. He will also keep a correct list of all the members of the Association, the date of their election and place of residence. He shall be the custodian of the seal of the Association to be procured by the Executive Committee, which he will use only under the direction of the Executive Committee, or by a direct BY-LAWS. 253 vote of the Association. He will also notify all members of their election, collect all members' initiation fees, or any money due the Association, and shall be the custodian of all money be- longing to the Association, from which he shall pay all bills of the Association, only when such bills have been audited by the Finance and Auditing Committee. He shall keep a book in which shall be entered the amounts received and disbursed by him, and shall have his books, papers and accounts always open for the inspection of the Executive Committee, or any of its members. ARTICLE IV. The Secretary and Treasurer shall make general reports of the financial condition of the Association, at the regular meeting of the Association, and he shall give bonds, to be approved by the Finance and Auditing Committee, for the faithful perform- ance of his duties. ARTICLE V. The salary of the Secretary and Treasurer shall be $300 per year, and the only expenses allowed him will be postage, freight and express paid for the business of the Association, and his actual expenses attending a meeting. Any other expenses must be approved by the Finance and Auditing Committee before they can be charged against the Association. ARTICLE VI. Should the Secretary and Treasurer neglect his duties, to the detriment of the Association, it shall be the duty of the Presi- dent, or any member of the Association, to call attention to the same, and the Executive Committee may call on him to resign or may declare the office vacant and appoint his successor to serve out the year. In case this is done, the retiring officer shall not receive any salary for the year in which he is displaced. 254 BY-LAWS. ARTICLE VII. The Advisory Board shall have jurisdiction over all disputes arising between members. Any member of the Association neglecting or refusing to abide by the decision of this board, after a full hearing of both parties, may be expelled from mem- bership in this Association, in the discretion of the Executive Committee. The Advisory Board shall also be ready to advise the Execu- tive Committee upon matters pertaining to the affairs of the Association, upon application of the Executive Committee, ARTICLE VIII. Section t. The officers of the Association, except the Advi- sory Board will also be officers of the Executive Committee, which will hold a session during the annual meeting; also at a call of five or more of its members, seven of whom are a quorum. It will have complete control and supervision of the affairs of this Association except such as properly come before the Advi- sory Board, and will be its official organ at all times and on all occasions. Sec. 2. The Executive Committee and the Advisory Board of the association shall designate the localities for holding its fairs, provide suitable accommodations for, give publicity to and consummate the same. It shall prepare the premium list, ap- point all judges, receive, supervise and promulgate their reports and decisions. Sec. 3. The Executive Committee will cause to be designed and executed suitable medals and diplomas and procure such other awards as it may deem desirable and expedient. It will have entire control of its fairs in all their various details. Sec. 4. The Executive Committee will make leports at each stated meeting of the Association. BY-LAWS. 255 ARTICLE IX. ORDER OF BUSINESS. 1. Reading minutes of last meeting. 2. Report of Secretary and Treasurer. 3. Reports of Committees. 4. Election of Officers. 5 Unfinished Business. 6. New Business. 7. Discussions, etc.