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Book,. 7~^s5"-f

THE

AMERICAN TRAVELLER;

THROUGH THE UNITED STATES.

CONTAINING , : BRIEF NOTICES OF THE SEVERAL

'*^ STATES, CITIES, PRINCIPAL TOWNS,

CANALS AND RAIL ROADS, &c. WITH

EutltB of mntmttBy

BV STAGE, CANAL AND STEAM BOAT ROUTES.

The whole

Mlphahetically arranged, with direct Reference to the

accompanying Map of the Roads, Canals,

and Railways of the United States,

THIRD EDITION.

BV H. S. TILNNH^.

PHILADELPHIA : PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR,

NO. 51 SOUTH THIRD STREET.

1837.

■TTsi

Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1836,

By H. S. Tanner,

In the office of the Clerk of the District Court of the Eastern District of Pennsylvania.

tiV^"^^?

PREFACE

-»>«#«<«—

Brevity being an essential quality in a book designed for the pocket of the traveller, I have endeavoured to embody within the compass of a small volume, as many facts, and as much useful information, as a due regard to the leading object of the present work would admit. I have therefore omitted all such details and extraneous matters as would only serve to augment the size of the volume, without produc ing a corresponding increase of utility. The work will accordingly be found to consist of little else than very con- cise statements of such facts in relation to the several states, their population, number of counties, area, forms of govern- ment, cities, towns, roads, canals, distances, &c. as would be most likely to prove useful to, or deserve the notice of the traveller.

Under the head of each city, or large town, is given an account, arranged in tabular form, of all the leading routes from each, distinguishing between those by Steam-boats, Stages or Canal-boats, with the distances from place to place, carefully noted.

A brief account of the principal objects of curiosity, in or near the larger towns, will also be found under the head of each.

With regard to the canals and rail-roads of the United States, the reader will perceive, that I have entered rather more into details that in the other parts of the work.

Regarding the subject as one of importance, I have drawn up from the most authentic sources, accounts of those works which will be found under the heads of the respective states. Those accounts will elucidate the extent, points of commencement and termination, and such other facts, as are considered important in reference to the general system of internal improvements in our country.

( iv )

The accompanying map, it will be perceived, exhibits all the leading towns, roads, canals, «fcc. with the distances from one place to another, distinctly indicated by figures. The numbers contained in each of the rhombs, formed by the intersecting lines of latitude and longitude, refer to cor- responding numbers in the descriptive volume.

By consulting either the book or map, the place sought for in the other can be found with great facility.

In addition to the information contained in the body of the map, there are appended to the same sheet, the follow- ing supplementary maps, plans, &,c. — 1. Environs of Boston. 2. Of Providence. 3. Of New York. 4. Of Philadelphia. 5. Of Baltimore and Washington, with a plan of the City of Washington. 6. Of Richmond, Va. 7. Of Charleston. 8. Of Quebec. 9. Of Montreal. ~ 10. Of the falls of Nia- gara. 11. Of Albany. 12. Of PottsviUe, Pa. 13. Pittsburg. 14. Map of the Hudson River. 15. Plan of Cincinnati. 16. Of Louisville, Ohio. 17. Of New Orleans. Four additional plans on a more extended scale, of Boston, New York, Phil- adelphia and Baltimore, respectively, will be found opposite the description of each of those places in the volume.

H. S. TANNER.

THE

AMERICAN TRAVELLER, &c.

EXPLANATION.

To find the position of any place on the map, observe the num- ber in brackets, thus, (100,) immediately succeeding the i^ame in the volume. Look for the corresponding number on the map, and within the rhomb containing that number, the place sought for will be found. The map itself contains in each of the rhombs, figures which refer to the index; thus reciprocally tending to fa cililate their use and application, one to the other.

Abreviations. Me. Maine. N. H. New Hampshire. Vt. Ver- mont. Mass. Massachusetts. R. I. Rhode Island. Ct. Connec- ticut. N. Y. New York. N. J. New Jersey. Pa. Pennsylvania. D. Delaware. Md. Maryland. Va. Virginia N. C. Notth Ca- rolina. S. C. South Carolina. G. Georgia. F. Florida. Al. Al- abama. Miss. Mississippi. L. Louisiana. Ark. Arkansas. Ten. Tennessee. K. Kentucky. Mo. Missouri. II. Illinois. In. In- dianna. Mic. Michigan. O.Ohio. Can. Canada. C. H. Court-house. R. River. The population of the several states, &c. is given, according to the census of 1830, unless otherwise expressed.

The great leading roads can be found by referring to the cities and towns through which they pass, thus for example, if tiie road from Washington to N&w Orleans, be required, turn to the article "Washington," where will be found the route to Richmond, Va. then to that of" Richmond," where the road to Raleigh is given, and so on.

ABB ALA

Abbot's Town, Pa. (155.) Alabama Hiver, (299.) Adcocks, N. C. (236.)

Alabama, slate of, (247,) is divided into forty-six coun- ties, and contained in 1830, a population of ■-i00,527, in- cluding 117,549 slaves. Area 52,0()0 square miles. Capital, Tuscaloosa. Metropolis, Mobile, Lat. 30° 41'. Long. IP 12' W. General Election, first Monday in August. Legis- lature meet, fourth Monday in October. Constitution formed, 1819.

1*

6 ALABAMA.

Government. — The Governor is elected for two years ; salary $2,000. Secretary of State, Treasurer and Comp- troller of Public Accounts; — salary of each $1,000,

Legislature. — The legislative power is vested in two branches, a Senate and House of Representatives, which together are styled the General Assembly of the State of Alabama.

The representatives are elected annually, and are appor- tioned among the different counties in proportion to the white population ; the whole number cannot exceed 100, nor fall short of 60. The senators are elected for three years, and one-third of them are chosen every year. Their number cannot be more than one-third, nor less than one- fourth the number of the representatives.

Judiciary. — The judicial power is vested in a supreme court, in circuit courts, and such inferior courts as the General Assembly may, from tinrTe to time, direct or estab- lish. The Judges, are elected by joint votes of both houses of the lieneral Assembly, every six years.

The supreme court consists of seven Judges ; and the state is divided into seven Circuits, in each of which a judge of the Supreme Court presides as a circuit judge. The salary of each of these judges is $1,750.

Physical Structure. — In tiie northern part of Alabama, mountains of considerable elevation occur between the val- ley of the Tennessee and the head waters of the Tombec- bee, Black Warrior, &c. Here the forests consist chiefly of oak, ash, hickory, elm, poplar, &c. The central and southern portions of the state, are nearly destitute of moun- tains, which wholly disappear in the south. The products of the forests here, are similar to those in the north, but interspersed with pine, which increases towards the south, forming, with the long leaved-pine, cypress, gum, swamp, oak, holly, &c. the immense tbrest which still exists there.

Rivers. — Tennessee, Alabama, Talapoosa, Coosa, Ca- hawba, Tombecbee, Black Warrior, Chattahooche, &c.

Productions. — Cotton and corn are the chief, rice and sugar.

Gold has been found in the northern part of this state.

ALBANY.

Internal Improvements. — Consist of a Rail-road now in progress, from Decatur in Morgan Co. to a point 10 miles below Tuscumbia, on the Tennessee. Length, 62 miles Huntsville Canal, from Triana, on the Tennessee, to the town of Huntsville, 16 miles in length.

A canal has been commenced, extending from the head of the muscle shoals to Florence, length 37 miles. Other improvements are contemplated.

Principal Toicns. Blobile, Blakely, Montgomery, Tus- caloosa, Tuscumbia, Florence, Huntsville, «&c. Alaqua, Fl. (313.) Alachua Ferry, Fl. (329.)

Alatamaha R., G. (304.) Albemarle Sound, N. C.

Alatamaha Canal, see Geor- (238.)

gia, (304.) Albion, Ih (166.)

Albany, N. Y. (83.) Capital of the state of New York, contains a population of about 35,000. The principal buildings are: the Capital in State street. Academy in which the lyceum of the Albany Institute is established. City Hall near the capitol, and about '20 churches, some of which are handsome edifices; theatre, museum, public library, several banks, &,c. The canal pier, and basin, deserve particular attention.

' JIOUTES FROM ALBANY.

To New York	by	Steam	Singsing,	10 113
. Boat.				Phillipsburg,	16 129
		Miles.	New York,	16 145
Coeymans,			13
Coxackie,		7	20	To Buffalo by	Erie Canal.
Hudson,		8	28	Troy,	7
Catskill,		6	34	Junction,	2 9
(thence to Pine Orch-		Schenectady,	19 28
ard 14 miles.)				Amsterdam,	18 46
Red Hook Landing,	11	45	Schohai ie Cr.	7 53
Kingston,		10	55	Caughnawaga,	4 57
Hyde Park,		10	65	Canajoharie,	12 69
Pokeepsie,		5	70	Little Falls,	19 88
Newburg,		15	85	Herkimer,	7 95
West Point,		8	93	Frankfort,	5 100
Peekskill,		10 103	Utica,	10 110

ROUTES FROM ALBANY.

Whitesboro,	4 114	Manchester,	9 105
Rome,	11 195	Vernon,	8 113
New London,	7 132	Lenox,	9 122
Canistota,	14 146	Sullivan,	8 130
New Boston,	4 150	Manlius,	6 136
Chitteningo,	4 154	West Hills,	12 148
Manlius,	8 162	Skaneateles,	14 162
Syracuse,	9 171	Auburn,	7 169
Geddesburg,	2 173	Cayuga,	9 178
Canton,	12 185	Waterloo,	8 186
Jordan,	6 191	Geneva,	6 192
Weedsport,	6 197	Canandaigua,	16 208
Montezuma, (Lake		Bloomfield,	9 217
Port)	9 206	Lima,	9 226
Clyde,	11 217	Avon,	7 233
Lyons,	9 226	Caledonia,	8 241
Lockville,	6 232	Leroy,	6 247
Palmyra,	9 241	Batavia,	10 257
Fuirport,	11 252	Pembroke,	14 271
Pittsford,	8 260	Ransom's Grove,	8 279
Rochester,	10 270	Williamsville,	8 287
Ogden,	12 282	Buffalo,	10 297
Adams,	3 285
Brockport,	5 290	To Ithaca, by Stage.
Holly,	5 295	Hamilton,	8
Albion,	10 305	Duanesburg,	12 20
Lock port.	28 333	Esperance,	6 26
Pendleton,	7 340	Beekmansville,	19 45
Tonnewanta,	12 352	Cherry Valley,	7 52
Buffalo,	11 363	Cooperstown,	12 64
		Burlington,	10 74
To Buffalo by Stage.	Smyrna,	20 94
Schenectady, by R.	R. 16	Deruyter,	21 115
Amsterdam,	16 32	Truxtun,	10 125
Caughnawag-a,	11 43	Cortlandt,	13 138
Palatine Bridge,	11 54	Ithaca,	21 159
Manheim,	13 67
Little Falls,	7 74	To SackeVs Harbor, by
Herkimer,	7 81	Stage.
Utica,	15 961	Utica,	96

ROUTES FROM ALBANY.

Rome, Fish Creek, Redfield, Lorain, Adams,

16 112 11 123 20 143 16 159

8 167

Sacket's Harbor, 10 177

To Bailslon and Saratoga by

Rail Road. Schenectady, 16

Ballston, 14 30

Saratog'a, 6 36

(thence to Lake George

32 miles.)

To Whitehall, by Champlain

Canal.

Trojr, 7

Junction, 2 9

Waterford, 2 11

Mechanicsville, 8 19

Stillwater. 4 23

Bern us Heights, 3 26

Schuylersville, 9 35

Fort Miller, 5 40

Fort Edward, 8 48

Kingsbury, 5 53

Fort Ann, 7 60

Narrows, 6 66

Whitehall, 6 72

To Whitehall, by Stage.

Troy,

Lansingburg,

Watertbrd,

Mechanicsville,

Stillwater,

Schuylersville,

Northumberland,

Fori Miller,

Fort Edward,	8	46
Sandy Hill,	3	49
Kingsbury,	5	54
Fort Ann,	4	58
Whitehall,	14	72

To Montreal, by Stage and

Steam Boat. Whitehall, as above, 72

f Ticonderoga, 23 95 Crown Point, ra I Basin Harbor. Essex,

Burlington, S. Hero, ^ I Plat'sburg,

14 109 12 121

9 130

15 145 9 154

8 162

14 176

15 191

9 200

I Isle au Noix,

L St. Johns, La Prarie, by Stage, 17 217 Montreal, by Steam Boat, 8 225

To Burlington, Vt. via, Bennington, Middlebu- ry, ^c. by Stage.

Sand Lake, U

Berhn, 10 21

Warm Spring, 8 29

Pownall, 4 33

Bennington, 8 41

Shaftsbury, 8 49

Sunderland, 8 57

Manchester, 8 65

Tinmouth, 18 83

Rutland, 17 100

Fittsford, 8 108

Brandon, 9 117

Middlebury, 16 133

Vergennes, 14 147

10

ALB

ARR

Charlotte,	9 156	Northampton,
Burlington,	13 169	Hadley,
		Belchertown,
To Boston, by Stage.	Western,
Union,	11	Brookfield,
Lebanon Spring,	14 25	Spencer,
Pittsfield,	7 32	Worcester,
Dalton,	5 37	Farmington,
Peru,	9 46	Brookline,
Worthington,	9 55	Boston,
Chesterfield,	5 60

14 74

4 78 10 88 14 102

5 107

8 115

9 124 21 145 17 162

4 166

Co.

Alboro Bay, U. C. (75.) Aldie, Va. (176.) Allegheny R. Pa. (103.) Allegheny Portage Rail R.

see Pennsylvania, (130.) Allentown, Pa. (133) Alligator Pt. Fl. (328.)

Alexandria, D. C. (176.) port of entry, on the right bank of the Potomac, occupies the southern angle of the District of Columbia. Popula- tion about 9,000. The public buildings are, a Court house, six churches, two banks, &c.

(For routes from Alexandria, see Washington, D. C.)

Alexandria, N. Y. (34.) Alexandria, Me. (42.) Alexandria, II. (93.) Alexandria, Pa. (128.) Alexandria, Mo. (142.) Alexandria Canal, see lumbia, (176.) A neat and pleasant city and

Alexandria, L. (294.) Alfred, Me. (63.) Alton, 11. (163.) Alston, S. C. (274.) Amboy, N.J. (134.) America, II. (185.) Amesville, O. (151.) Amhurst, U. C. (74.) Amhurst, N. H. (85.) Amhurst, C. H. Va. (195.) Amsterdam, N. Y. (82.) Ameha 1., F. (318.) Amoskeag Canal, See New Hampshire, (62.)

Alachua, F. (315.) Anastatia I., F. (330.) Annapolis, Md. (Capital of

the State,) (177.) Andover, Mass. (85.) Ann Arbour, Mich. (73.) Antwerp, N. Y. (34.) Andersonville, S. C. (252.) Angelica, N. Y. (78.) Anson, Me. (40.) Appalachie Bay, F. (327.) Applington, G. (271.) Arringtons, N. C. (216.)

ARKANSAS. 1 1

Arkansas, state of, (220) is divided into 33 counties. Population in 1830, 30,388, including 4,575 slaves; in 1835, 58,134. Area, 60,700 square miles. Capital, Little Rock. Metropolis, Arkansas. Lat. 34° N. Long. 14° 21' W. General election in August. Legislature meet, every two years. Constitution formed, 1836.

Government. — The Governor is elected for four years, but is not eligible more than eight years out of any period of twelve years.

Legislature. — Consists of a Senate and House of Repre- sentatives, styled the General Assembly. The senate can never consist of more than 33, nor less than 17 members. The House of Representatives of not less than 54, nor more than 100 representatives.

Judiciary. — The judicial power is vested in a Supreme Court, (3 Judges,) whose jurisdiction is appellate ; circuit courts, county courts, and justices of the peace. The offi- cial term of the judges of the supreme court, is eight years ; and those of the circuit court four years. Justices, who are elected by the people, hold their offices for two years. The Judges of county courts are chosen by the justices of the peace.

Physical Structure. — In the eastern part of the Territory it is level, portions of it often inundated ; in the centre, hills begin to show themselves, and further west the country becomes mountainous, though level and elevated plains of considerable extent occur between the ridges.

Rivers. — Arkansas, St. Francis, White, Washita, Red,&c.

Productions. — Cotton, Corn, Wheat ; the Peach, Grape, Plum, and some other fruits flourish in great abundance.

Towns. — Little Rock, Arkansas, Point Chicot, St. Fran- cis, Jackson, Batesville, Litchfield, LewisDurg, Helena^ Jefferson, Scotia, 6lc.

Arkansas River, Ark. (242.) Asheville, Ala. (267.) Arkansas, Ark. (243.) Atchafalaya R., Lou. (322.)

Arlington, Vt. (60.) Atchafalaya Bay, Lou. (322.)

Armagh, P. (129.) Athens, P. (106.)

Ash, Va. (176.) Athens, O. (150.)

Assateague I., Md. (178.) Athens, II. (164.) Asheville, N. C. (232.) Athens, T. (230.)

Abhboro, N. C. (235.) Athens ,Ala. (247.)

12

ATI!

BALLSTON.

Athens, G. (270.) Atkins, Va. (213.) Atlas, II. (142.) Auburn, N. Y. (80.) Aug-usta, K. (170.) Augusta, Miss. (297.) Augusta, G. (272.) Aurora, N. Y. (80.)

Aurora, II. (145.) Aurora, O. (101.) Austenville, Va. (214.) Autauga, Ala. (284.) Averysboro, N. C. (^36.) Avon, Me. (39.) Avon, N. Y. (79.)

B.

Balcony Falls Canal, see

Virginia, (195.) Balize, Lou. (325.)

Back Bay, Va. (219.) Bainbridge, O. (149.) Bainbridge, G. (303.)

Ballston Spa, N. Y. (83.) The Springs at Ballston have long been celebrated for their medicinal virtues, and are resorted to by many invalids and others. The waters re- semble those of Saratoga, though not so strongly impreg- nated with the mineral ingredients. There are several good Hotels and private Boarding Houses, Reading Rooms, &c. in the village, which is justly regarded as one of the most pleasant and salubrious places of resort in the country.^

ROUTES FROM BALLSTON.

Saratoga Springs, 6 Waterford, by Stage, 22

Saratoga Lake, 6 Glenn's Falls, 25

Schenectady, by Rail R. 14 Lake George, 38

Albany, « 30

Ballsville, Va. (196.)

Baltimore, Md. (156.) Is the chief city in Maryland, and the third in point of population in the United States. It occupies a favourable position, and appears to much ad- vantage on approaching it from the west. The country immediately in the rear swells into hills, sufficiently eleva- ted to afford an extensive view of the city and its environs, and to render the entire landscape particularly attractive. Population in 1830, 80,625. The objects most worthy of attention, are Washington Monument, at the intersection of Charles and Monument Streets ; it is surmounted by a colo-

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BALTIMORE.

13

sal statute of Washington, elevated 1 63 feet. Battle Monu- ment in Calvert street. Exchange in Gay street. City Spring in Calvert street. Penitentiary on Madison street. Hospital in the N. W. suburbs. Cathedral; Custom House; two Colleges ; University buildings ; Alms House ; Court House ; two Theatres ; Museum ; Water Works, «&-c. Sic.

ROUTES FROM BALTIMORE.

To Philadelphia, by S. Boat	To Washington by Stage.
and Rail Road.	Elkridge Landing,	8
Fort M'Henry, 3	Waterloo,	5 13
Sparrows Pt. 6 9	Vansville,	10 23
North Pt. 3 12	Bladensburg,	8 31
Pool's Island, 13 25	Washington,	6 37
Turkey Pt. 23 48
Frenclilown, 16 64	To Washington, by	Steam
N. Castle, by R. R. 16 80	Boat.
Chester, by S. Boat, 17 97	Bodkin Pt.	13
Philadelphia, 18 115	Herring Bay,	32 45
	Patuxent,	32 77
To Philadelphia, by Steam	Pt. Lookout,	20 97
Boat and Canal.	Washington's B P.	31 128
Turkey Pt. as above, 48	Matthews Pt.	18 146
	f Bohemia, 10 58	Cook's Ferry,	23 169
	Deep Cut, 5 63	Mt. Vernon,	18 187
1-	St. Georges, 4 67	Alexandria,	9 196
6^	Delaware City, 5 72	Washington,	8 204
	New Castle, 6 78
Philadelphia, 35 113	To Wheeling, Va.	by Rail
	Road and Stage.
To Philadelphia, by Stage.	f Deep Cut,	2
Gunpowder V. 14	,	Washington road, 3 5
Abingdon, 10 24	T3 g	Still house run.	1 6
Havre De Grace, 10 34	i-	Patapsco river,	4 10
Elkton, 16 50	Ellicolts,	2 12
Wilmington, 20 70	^	Eagle Factory,	2 14
Chester, 13 83		Crossing of Pa-
Phi	ladelphia, 15 98 2		. tapBco,	15 26

14

BAL

BAR

	fSykes,	3 29	To Frederick,	by Stage.
1	Gillets run.	6 35	Ellicotts,	10
i-	Parrsville,	5 40	Lisbon,	12 22
New Market,	6 46	Poplar Spring,	5 27
"3	Monocacy river, 9 55	Parrsville,	4 31
	[Frederick,	4 59	New Market,	5 36
(Thence to the Pt. of	Frederick,	11 47
Rocks, 11 miles.)
Middletown,	9 68	To Annopolis	by Stage.
Boonsboro,	7 75	Patapsco R.	7
(Thence to Hagers-		Indian Tianding	14 21
town 1 1 miles.)		Annapolis,	9 30
Williamsport,	12 87
Big Spring,	10 97	To Gettysburg, Pa. by Stage.
Hancock,	17 114	Hookton,	6
Prattsville,	18 132	Reisterstown,	11 17
	'Cumberland,	21 153	Westminster,	12 29
	Mt. Pleasant,	10 163	Petersburg,	15 44
-6	Petersburg,	25 188	Gettysburg,	10 54
J	Smythfield,	4 192
— ' J	Union,	21 213	To York, Pa.	by Stage.
S 1	Brownsville,	12 225	Govanston,	5
.2	Hillsboro,	11 236	Towsenton,	2 7
"eS	Washington,	12 248	Golden Ho.	7 14
W. Alexandria	, 15 263	Hereford,	7 21
	L Wheeling,	16 279	Wisebury,	2 23
		Strasburg,	11 34
			York,	14 48

Baltimore and Ohio Rail Road. See Maryland, (156.)

Baltimore and Susquehanna Rail Road. See Mary- land, (156.)

Baltimore and Port Deposit Rail Road. See Mary- land, (156.)

Baltimore and Washington R. Road. See Md. (156.)

Bangor, Me. (41.) Banister, Va. (216.) Barataria Bay, Lou. (323.) Barataria Lake, Lou. (323.) Barbourville, K. (211.) Bardstown, K. (189.) Bargain town, N. J. (158.) Barnegat Inlet, N. J. (158.) Barnesville, O. (151.) Barnstable, Mass. (112.) Barnwell, S. C. (272.)

BAR

BOS

15

•Bartonville, Mo. (162.) Batavia, N. Y. (55.) Batesville, Ark. (223.) Bath, N. Y. (79.) Bath Rail Road. See New

York, (79.) Bath, Va. (154.) Bath, N. C. (238.) Baton Rouge, Lou. (308.) Bays T., N. C. (231.) Beaufort, N. C. (258.) Beans Station, T. (211.) Beaver, P. (128.) Beaufort, S. C. (290.) Beardstown, II. (118.) Beck's Settlement, II. (144.) Bedford, N. Y. (109.) Bedford, P. (130.) Bellair, Md. (156.) Belle Fontaine, O. (125.) Belleville, II. (1G4. Bellville, K. (187.) Bellefonte, P. (131.) Belfast, Me. (40.) Belfont, Ala. (248.) Belgrade, 11.(186) Beelersville, F. (312.) Bellows Falls Canal. See

Vermont, (61.) Belmont, P. (107.) Belpre, O. (151.) Belvedere, N.J. (133.) Bennetville, S. C. (255.) Bennington, Vt. (83.) Benton, Vt. (60.) Benton, Mo. (185.) Benton, Miss. (280.) Berkshire, Vt. (37.) Berlin, P. (154.) Berges, N. C. (236.)

Berwick, P. (106.) Berkshire, O. (126.) Bcrtrand, Lou. (277.) Bethany, P. (107.) Bethania, N. C. (214.) Bethlehem, P. (133.) Beverly, Va.( 173.) Big Hatchee, R. T. (225.) Bird, N. C. (273.) Big Spring, K. (188.) B. la Fourche, Lou. (323.) Binghampton, N. Y. (81.) Blacksburg, Mich. (70.) Blacksburg, Va. (194.) Black's R. Ark. (204.) Black's BlufF, Ala. (299.) Blackwater, Va. (218.) Blakely, G. (301.) Blakely, Ala. (311.) Blandford, Mass. (84.) Block I., R.I. (111.) Bloomfield, N. Y. (79.) Bloomfield, K. (189.) Bloomfield, Ind. (146.) Bloomington, Ind. (146.) Blountville, T. (21?.) Blountsville, Ala. (248.) Boardman, O. (102.) Boat Yard, or Kingsport,

T. (212.) Bogue Inlet, N. C. (257.) Bolivar, Miss. (265.) Bolivar, T. (226.) Bolton, Mass. (85.) Boonville, N. Y. (58.) Boonville, Mo. (161.) Boonsville, Ind. (166.) Bordentown, N. J. (134.) Boston, xMe. (l9.)

16 BOSTON.

Bellows Falls Canal. See Virginia, (176.)

Vermont, (61.) Blackstone Canal. See Mas-

Belleplain Rail Road. See sachusetts, (85.)

Boston, Mass. (85.) Is the chief city of Massachusetts, and the fourth in magnitude in the United States. It is sit- uated on a peninsula, which extends in a nnrth-east direc- tion from the main land, with which it is connected by seve- ral bridges, in addition to the " neck" so called. Its outline is about five miles in extent. There are several thriving villages in the neighbourhood of Boston, which may be considered as parts of the city, though under different municipal regulations.

The principal of these villages are Charlestown, Lechmere point, the Neck, and South Boston. The objects of interest, in and about Boston, are — Tremont house, in Common st, an immense hotel, containing 202 apartments. State house, opposite the common, (western part of the city.) Old State house. Court st. Faneuel hall, in Chatham street. Theatre, Federal street. Tremont Theatre. Atheneum. Statue of Washington in the state-house. Navy Yard, and Breed's hill, rendered memorable by the battle between the British and American forces, on the 17th of June, 1775, commonly called the battle of Bunker's Hill.

Besides the buildings devoted to public uses, there is in Boston, an unusual proportion of splendid private dwellings, churches, and scientific and literary institutions, forming altogether, one of the most attractive places in the Union.

ROUTES FROM BOSTON.

To Albany by Stage		Chesterfield, 14 106
Brookline,		4	Peru, 14 120
Farraingham,	17	21	Dalton, 9 129
Westboro,	10	31	Pittsfield, _ 5 134
Worcester,	11	42	Lebanon Springs, 7 141
Spencer,	9	51	Albany, 25 166
Brookfield,	8	59
Belchertown,	19	78	To Hartford, hy Stage.
Hadley,	10	88	Brookline, 4
Northampton,	4	92	Dover, 11 15

ROUTES FROM BOSTOrC.

17

Med way,	12 27	Taunton,	12 34
Mendon,	9 36
Douglass,	12 48	To Barnstable,	by Stage.
Thompson,	14 62	Quincy,	9
Ashford,	20 82	Weymouth,	6 15
Willington,	2 84	Hanover,	9 24
Tolland,	7 91	Kingston,	11 35
Islington,	5 96	Plymouth,	6 41
Hartford,	14 110	Sandwich,	18 59
		Barnstable,	13 62

To Protidence by Stage, and thence to Neic York by Steam Boat. Roxbury, 5

Dedham, 5 10

Wrentham, 18 28

Attleboro, 7 35

Pawtucket, 7 42

Providence, 3 45

Pawtuxet, 5 50

Newport, 20 70

Point Judith, 14 84

New London Harb. 35 119 (Thence to New London,

4 miles.) Connecticut R. 14 133

Falkner's Is. 19 152

New Haven Harb. 12 164 (Thence to N. Haven,

4 miles.) Blackrock, 19 183

Southport, 5 188

Old well, 8 196

West Greenwich, 16 2l2 Throgs Pt. 19 231

New York, 16 247

To Taunton, by Stage. Dorchester, 7

Bridgewater, 15 22

To Rutland, Vt. by Stage.

Cambridge, 4

Concord, 14 18

Groton, 14 32

Townsend, 9 41

New Ipswich, 12 53

Keene, 27 80

Bellows Falls, 20 100

Chester, 13 113

Cavendish, 12 125

Rutland, 26 151

To Concord, iV. H. and thence to Montpelier, Vt. by Stage.

Medford, 6

Stoneham, 4 10

Andover, 11 21

Methuen, 4 25

Londonderry, 16 41

Hookset Falls, 19 60

Concord, 8 68

Boscawen, 10 78

Andover, Vt. 14 92

Grantham, 22 114

Dartmouth Col. 11 125

Stratford, 16 141

Chelsea, 9 150

Barre, 15 165

18

Montpelier,

BOS

9 174

To Portland, Me. by Stage.

Saugus, 10

Danvers, 7 17

Topsfield, 6 23

Rowley, 8 31

Newbury port, 5 36

Hampton, 9 45

Portsmouth, 13 58

York, 9 67

Wells, 15 82

Kennebunk, Pt. 6 88

Saco, 10 98

Portland, 16 114

To Newburyport, via Salem,

by Stage.

Chelsea, 5

Lynn, 5 10

Salem, 5 15

Beverly, 2 17

Wenham, 4 2!

Hamilton, 2 23

Ipswich, 5 28

Newburyport, 10 38

BRI

To Portland, by Steam-boat.

Point Shirley, 4

Nahant, 6 10

Marblehead, 6 16

Salem Harbor, 3 19 (Thence to Salem,

5 miles.)

Gloucester Harb, 8 27 (Thence to Gloucester,

4 miles.)

Cape Ann, 10 37

Newbury Harb. 16 53

Boars Head, 7 60

Portsmouth Harb. 12 72

York Harb. 5 77

-Kennebunk H. 12 89

Fletcher's Neck, 12 101

Cape Elizabeth, 13 114

Portland, 10 124

Miscellaneous Routes by Steam Boats.

Fort Warren, 2

Fort Independence, 3

Long Island, 6

Pt. Alderton, 10

The Brewsters, 10

Boston and Lowell Rail Road. See Massachusetts, (85.)

Boston and Providence Rail Road. See Massachusetts,

Boston and Worcester Rail Road. See Massachusetts, (85.) Boston, 0.(101.) Boston, N. Y. (78.) Bowling-green, Va. (176.) Bowling-green, Mo. (141.)

Bowling-green, K. (188.) Bowdoinham, Me. (40.) Bowerbank, Me. (19.) Bow Canal. See New Hamp- shire, (62.) Boydtown, Va. (216.) Brandon, Vt. (60.) Brandon, Miss. (280.) Brattleboro, Vt. (&4.) Brasstown, N. C. (230.) Brashears, Miss. (280.) Bridge Town, Md. (157.) Bridgetown, N. J. ( 157.)

BRI

BUFFALO.

19

Bridgetown, Me. (63.) Bridge Town, D. ( 1 78.) Bridgetown Va. (198.) Bridgewater, Ala. (247.) Bristol, R. I. (111.) Brockpjrt, U. C. (34.) Brockport, N. Y. {55.) Brooktield, Mass. (Hi.) Brooklyn, C. (111.) Brooklyn, N. Y. (135.) Brookville, Ind. (148.) Brookville, Md. (156.) Brownington, Vt. (37.) Brownstown, Mich. (73.)

Buffalo, N. Y. (78.) A flourishing city, situated on Lake Erie, and at the western termination of the Erie Canal. Population about 16,000. The public buildings are a court- house, several churches, banks, museum, hotels, &-c. Stages, steam-boats and sailing vessels, arrive at and depart from Buffalo almost every hour.

ROUTES FROM BUFFALO.

Brownsburg, T. (225.) Brownsville, P. (120.) Brownstown, Ind. (168.) Bruinsville, II. (185.) Browns, G. (250.) Brownsburg, Miss. (295.) Brunswick, Me. (63.) Brunswick, N.J. (134.) Brunswick, N. C. (256.) Bryan C. H., G. (281.) Buchannan, Va. (152.) Buckstown, Me. (41.) Buffalo, Va. (172.)

To Albany, by	the Erie	New Boston, 12 213
Canal.		Canistota, 4 217
Tonnewanta,	11	Rome, 21 238
Pendleton,	12 23	Whitesboro, 11 249
Lock port,	7 30	Utica, 4 253
Albion,	28 58	Herkimer, 15 268
Holly,	10 68	Little Falls, 7 275
Brockport,	5 73	Canajoharie, 19 294
Ogden,	8 81	Caughnewaga, 12 306
Rochester,	12 93	Amsterdam, 11 319
Fairport,	18 111	Schenectady, 18 335
Palmyra,	11 122	Troy, 21 356
Lyons,	15 137	Albany, 7 363
Montezuma,	20 1.57
Jordan,	15 172	To Albany, by Stage.
Syracuse,	20 192	Williamsville; 10
Manilas,	9 201	Ransoms, 8 18

20

ROUTES FROM BUFFALO.

Pembroke,	8 26
Batavia,	14 40
Leroy, Avon,	10 50 14 64
Lima,	7 71
Bloomfield,	9 80
Canandaigua, Geneva,	9 89 16 105
Cayuga, Auburn,	14 119 9 128
Skaneateles, Westhills,	7 135 14 149
Manlius,	12 161
Lenox,	14 175
Vernon,	9 184
Utica,	17 201
Herkimer,	15 216
Little Falls,	7 223
Paiantine Bridge,	20 243
Amsterdam,	22 265
Schenectada,	16 281

Albany by R. Road, 16 297

To Niagara Falls, hy Stage. Blackrock, 1

Chippewa, 16 17

Niagara Falls, 2 19

To Niagara Falls, by Stage,

via Manchester. Blackrock, 1

Tonnevvanta, 8 9

Schlosser, 10 19

The Falls, 2 21

To Rochester, by Stage. Batavia, as above, 40

Bergen, ]3 53

Rochester, 17 70

To Erie, Pa, by Stage.

Hamburg, 11

Catteraugus, 19 30

Dunkirk, ]5 45

Westfield, 15 60

Biirget's town, 16 76

Erie, 14 90

To Erie, and thence to De- troit, by Steam Boat. Cattaraugus, 28

Dunkirk, 13 41

Westfield, 15 56

Erie, 30 86

Fairport, 74 160

Cleveland, 30 190

Sandusky, 60 250

Detroit, 75 325

To Hamilton, by Stage. Hamburg, 11

Boston, 12 23

Springville, 10 33

Ellicottville, 16 49

Hamilton, 20 69

To Ithaca, b	y Stage.
Aurora,	15
Warsaw,	26 41
Perry,	8 49
Moscow,	7 56
Geneseo,	4 60
Dansville,	18 78
Conhocton,	8 86
Bath,	20 106
Jersey,	10 116
Saiubria,	15 131
Ithaca,	20 151

BUL

CAP.

21

To Ithaca, via Batavia and I Aurora, by Steam B. 7 132

Cayuga Lake. \ Milton, do. 7 139

Cayuga, as above, 119 I Ludlowsville, do. 10 149

Union, by Steam B. 6 125 | Ithaca, do. 8 157

Bull's Bay, S. C. (291.) Bulltown,' Va. (173.) Burksville, K. (209.) Burfrettstown, P. (77.) Burlington, Vt. (36.) Burlington, N. Y. (81.) Burlington, N. J. (134.) Burlington, K. (148.)

Burlington, Ind. (146.) Burlington, O. (171.) Burnlhorn, Ala. (299.) Bushville, P. (108.) Butler, P. (120.) Buzzard's Bay, Mass. (112.) Byron, G. (302.) Byron, Mich. (73.)

C.

Cabin Pt. Va. (197.) Cadiz, K. (207.) Cadiz, O. (127.) Cahawba R. Ala. (267.) Cahavvba, Ala. (283.) Calcasiu R. Lou. (306.) Calcasiu Lake, Lou. (320.) Caldwell, N. Y. (60.) Caledonia, Mo. (184.) Calhoun, T. (230.) Cambridge O. (127.) Cambridge, Md. (177.) Cambridge, S. C. (253.) Camden, Me. (40.) Camden, N. J. (157.) Camden and Amboy Rail

Road. See New Jersey,

(134.) Camden, S. C. (254.) Campbellsville, K. (189.) Campbells T. (230.) Campbells, N. C. (255.) Campbellton, G. (269.) Canandaigua, N. Y. (79.) Canaseraga, N. Y. (58.)

Canajoharie, N. Y. (82.) Canadea, N. (Y. 78.) Canfield, O. (102.) Canton, N. Y. (34.) Canton, Ind. (145.) Canton, O. (127.) Canton, Ala. (283.) Canisteo, N. Y. (79.) Cantwell, D. (157.) Cantrell's Ch. Lou. (323.) Cape Ann, Mass. (86.) C. Elizabeth, Me. (63.) Cape Cod, Mass. (86.) Cape Cod Bay, Mass. (112.) Cape Henlopen, D (178.) Cape May, N. J. (179.) Cape Malabar, Mass. (112.) Cape Girardeau, Mo. (185.) Cape Hatteras, N. C. (239.) Cape Charles, Va. (199.) Cape Henry, Va. (199.) Cape Lookout, N. C. (258.) Cape Fear, N. C. (275.) Cape Fear R., N. C. (235.) Cape St. Bias, F. (326.)

22

CAP

CHARLESTON.

Cape St. Joseph, F. (326.) Cape St. George, F. (327.) Cape Vincent, N. Y. (33.) Carrolton, II. (143.) Carrolton, G. (268.) Carlisle, Penn. (131.) Carlisle, Ind. (166.) Carlisle, K. (17U.) C^rlyle, II. (164.) Cdrmi, II. (165.) Carman, N. Y. (136.) Carnesville, G. (251.) Carney, G. (305.) Cartersville, Va. (196.) Carthage, N. C. (235.) Carthage N. Y. (58.) Carthage, T. (209.) Casco Bay, Me. (63.) Castine, Me. (41.) CatskiU, N. Y. (83.) Catskill and Canajoharie R.

Road. See N. Y. (82.) Cattaraugus, N. Y. (77.) Catletsburg, K. (171.) Catawba R., N. C. (233.) Catawba Canals. See S.

Carolina, (254.) Catharinestown, N. Y. (80.)

Charleston, S. C. (291.) The metropolis of the State of South Carolina, and the sixth city of the Union in point of population. It contained in 1830, 30,289 inhabitants, in- cluding 15,534 slaves. It is situated on the point of junc- tion of Cooper and Ashley rivers, which here unite and form the outer harbour. The public buildings are : Alms- house in Mazyck street; the Orphan's Asylum ; Exchange ; Circular Church; Court-house and City Hall in Broad st.; Medical College in Short street; Academy of Arts and Circus in Queen street ; South Carolina Society's Hall ; Hospital in Back street, and about twenty churches, some of which are very splendid.

Cavendish, Vt. ^61.) Cayuga, N. Y. (80.) Cayuga Lake, N. Y. (80.) Cedar Bay, N. J. (168.) Cedar Inlet, N. C. (258.) Central Rail Road. See

Pennsylvania, (132.) Centreville, O. (150.) Centreville, Md. (157.) Centreville, Va. (176.) Centreville, K. (187.) Centreville, Ala. (28.3.) Centreville, Pa. (103.) Centre, N. Y. (81.) Centre, P. (103.) Ceres, P. (104.) Chataugay, N. Y. (35.) Champlain, N. Y. (36.) Champlain Canal. See

New York, (60.) Chambersburg, P. (155.) Chandelleur Isles, L. (325.) Chaplin T., K. (209.) Charleston, N. H. (61.) Charleston, Va. (155.) Charleston, Ind. (168.) Charleston, Va. (172,)

CHARLESTON. ROUTES FROM CHARLESTON.

23

To Hamburg, hy S. C. Rail Road. To Woodstock, 15

Sumniersville, 7 22

Branchville, 40 62

Midway, 10 72

Blacksville, 8 90

Aiken, 30 120

Hamburg, 16 136

To Columbia, by Stage. Dorchester, 20

Four Holes Swamp, 17 37 Kerrs, 14 51

Orangeburg, 25 76

Conheim, 25 101

Columbia, 13 114

To Savannah, Ga. by Stage.

Guerin's Ferry, 11

Parker's, 17 28

Pocataligo, 32 60

Coosavvhatchie, 6 66

Hoggstown, 17 83

Savaimah, 23 106

To Savannah, by Steam Boat.

Fort Moultrie, 4

Coffin Land, 6 10

Stono Inlet, 11 21

So. Edisto Inlet, 27 48

St. Helena So. 3 51

Truncard's Inlet, 21 72

Hilton Head, 4 76

Chardon, O. (101.) Charlottsville, Va. (175.)

Bloody Point,	18 94
Savannah,	17 111
To Wilmington, N. C. via
Georgetowr	.
Jones',	33
N. Santee R.	12 45
Georgetown,	14 59
Gr. Pedee R.	26 85
Conwayboro,	15 100
Lit. River Inlet,	27 127
Brunswick C. H.	24 151
Brunswick,	17 168
Oldtown,	8 176
Wilmington,	8 184
To Fayettville,	N. C.
by Stage.
Quinby Br.	25
Santee R.	19 44
Black Cr.	15 59
Port's F.	34 93
L. Pedee R.	30 123
Lumberton,	34 157
Fayetteville,	32 189

To Cheraw, by Stage,

Bedheimer's, 24

Monk's Corner, 9 33

Gourdine's F. 25 58

Kingstree, 14 72

Lynch's Cr. 28 100

Darlington, 19 119

Society Hill, 14 133

Cheraw, 13 146

Charlotte, N.C. 234.) Charlotte, T. (207.)

24

CHA

cm

Chatgugay, L. C. (15.) Chattahochie, G. (269.) Chattahochie River, Ala.

(301.) Chattahochie R., G. (250.) Chatham, Mass. (112.) Chaumont, N. Y. (33.) Chagrine, O. (101.) Chehaw, G. (286.) Chelmsford, Mass. (85.) Chelsea, Vt. (61 .) Cheeks, T. (211.) Chemung Canal. See New

York, (80.) Chevango Canal. See New

York, (80.) Cheraw, S. C. (255.) Cherokee, G. (249.) Cherry Valley, N. Y. (82.) Chester, N. Y. (60.) Chester, Vt. (61.) Chester, N. H. (85.) Chester, Pa. (157.) Chester T., Md. (156.)

Chesterville, Me. (39.) Chesterville, S. C. (253.) Chesterfield, S. C. (254.) Chesapeake Bay, Md. (177.) Chesapeake and Delaware

Canal See Md. (157.) Chesapeake and Ohio Canal.

See Md. (157.) Chicago, II. (95.) Chickasaws, Miss. (245.) Cliichis, Texas, (293.) Chicot, Ark. T. (262.) Chillicothe, O. (149.) Chipola F. (314.) Chippeway, U. C. (54.) Chiswell, Va. (198.) Chittenango Canal. See

New York, (80.) Cholsonville, Va, (217.) Chowan Navigation, See

Virginia, (218.) Christianburg, Va. (194.) Christianville, Va. (216.) Church, N. C. (257.)

Cincinatti, O. (148,) the great emporium of the state of Ohio, was founded in 1789. Its population at present (1837,) is about 42,000, and is rapidly increasing. The public buildings consist of, a Court-house in Tenth street ; four Market-houses; Bazaar in Third street; Theatre in Second street; Banks; College in Walnut street; Alhe- neum in Sycamore street ; Medical College in Sixth street; Mechanics' Institute in Walnut street; two Museums, one in Main, and the other in Fourth street; Hospital in Plum street; Lunatic Asylum; High school, and about twenty-seven churches.

ROUTES FROM CINCINNATI.

To Louisville., by Steam-boat. Lawrenceburg, 24

Aurora, Rising Sun,

28 35

I =1^

5 y-\^'^^

i*^

Hv

5=1

1^ S^iJSS^SSSi

5 i<S^ •=vt5 5

I

ROUTES FROM CINCINNATI.

25

Fredericksburg, 20 55 Vevay, 10 65

Fort William, 10 75

Madison, 13 88

Westport, 21 109

Jeffersonville, 22 131

Louisville 1 132

Thence to N. Orleans, 1448 Miles. See Louisville.

To Pittsburg, by

New Richmond,

Pt. Pleasant,

Moscow,

Mechanicsville,

Augusta,

Ripley,

Maysville,

Manchester,

Portsmouth,

Burlington,

Guyandot,

Galli polls,

Pt. Pleasant,

Letart's Is.

Belville,

Parkersburg,

Marietta,

Newport,

Sistersville,

Elizabethtown,

Wheeling,

Warrentown,

Wellsburg,

Steubenville,

Fawcetstown,

Beaver,

Economy,

Middletown,

Pittsburg,

S. Boats. 21 5 6 3 6 9 7 10

36 103 41 144

7 151

34 185 3 188

29 217

30 247 17 264 13 277

16 293

17 310

35 345 13 358

8 366

6 372

7 379 22 401 19 420

9 429 9 438

11 449

To Dayton, by Canal.

Reading, 12

Hamilton, 16 28

Middletown, 14 42

Franklin, 6 48

Miamisburg, 6 54

Dayton, 14 68

To Columbus, by Stage. Reading, 10

Sharon, 5 15

Lebanon, 16 31 Waynesville, 9 40

Xenia, 15 55

Charleston, 18 73

London, 1 1 84

George sville, 12 96

Columbus, 13 109

To Greenville, by Stage. Mt. Pleasant, 11

Hamilton, 12 23

New comb, 18 41

Eaton, 8 49

Greenville, 28 77

To Indianapolis, by Stage.

Miami,	15
Harrison,	8 23
Brookville,	17 40
Somerset,	11 51
Rushville,	14 65
Indianapolis,	40 105
To Louisville,	by Stage.
Lawrenceville,	23
Madison,	34 57
Louisville,	38 95

2b ciN		CLEVELAND.
To Lexington,	by Stage.	To Chillicothe, by Stage.
Newport,	1	Newton, 8
Gaines,	12 13	Batavia, 15 23
Theobolds,	12 25	Williamsburg, 8 31
Georgetown,	29 54	Hillsboro, 28 59
Lexington,	13 67	Bainbridge, 22 81 Chillicothe, 18 99

Cinthiana, K. (169.) Clarksville, G. (251.)

Circleville, O. (150.^ Clarksville, Ala. (298.)

Claiborne, Ala. (299.) Clarktown, N. Y. (109.)

Clarksburg, Va. (152.) Claytonville, G. C251.)

Clarksburg, Md. (155.) Clearfield, Pa. (104.)

Clarksburg, K. (170.) Clermont, N. Y. (83.)

Clarksville, T. (207.)

Cleveland, O. (101,) is a place of considerable trade, being situated on the northern termination of the Ohio and Erie Canal.

ROUTES FROM CLEVELAND.

To Buffalo, by Steam Boat.

Fairport, 30

Erie, 74 104

Westfield, 30 134

Dunkirk, 15 149

Cattaraugus, 13 162

Buffalo, 28 190

To Detroit, by Steam Boat.

Huron, 50

Sandusky, 10 60

Detroit, 75 135

To Portsmouth, by Akron, New Portage, Massillon, Bolivar,

New Philadelphia, Gnadenhutten, Coshocton, Newark, Bloom field, Circleville, Chillicothe, Piketon, Portsmouth,

Canal. 38

47

68 80 94

13 107

26 133 40 173 52 225 11 236 20 256 24 280

27 307

Clinton, N. Y. (58.) Clinton, T. (210.) Clinton, K. (206.) Chnton, Lou. (308.) Clinton, G. (270.)

Clover Ball, Va. (174.) Clvhfoot Canal. See N. C.

(258.) Coal M., Pa. (104.)

COD

COLUMBIA.

27

Colcraine, N. C. (218.) Coleraine, G. (317.) Coles, Va. (215.) Coles, N. C. (218.) Colington, F. (327.) Coolidge, Ala. (298.)

Codorus Navigation. See Fa.

(132.) Colchester, C. (110.) Coldcamp, N. C. (256.) Cochecton, N. Y. (107.) Coleman, Lou. (307.) Coleraine, Pa. (148.)

Columbia, District of, (176.) Is divided into two coun- ties. Population in 1830, 39,858. Area, 100 square miles. Capital, City of Washington, Lat. 38° 53', N. The other towns, are Georgetown and Alexandria.

Rivers, — Potomac, and its eastern branch. Internal Im- provements.— Alexandria Canal, extends from the point of termiiiation of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal at George- town to Alexandria, 7 miles. Chesapeake and Ohio Canal. See Maryland. Baltimore and Washington Rail Roads. See Maryland.

Columbia, N. H. (38.) Columbia, Me. (42.) Columbia, P. (132.) Columbia, Mo. (161).

Columbia, Ind. (166.) Columbia, K., (189.) Columbia, Va. 186.) Columbia, T. (227.)

Columbia, S. C. (254.) The capitol of the state of South Carolina, situated on the great road from Washington to New Orleans. The legislative halls, state offices, and S. C. College, are the chief buildings.

ROUTES FROM COLUMBIA.

To Charleston, by Stage, via

Orangeburg. Granby, 1

Conheim, 12 13

Orangeburg, 25 38

Kerrs, 25 63

Four Holes Swamp, 14 77 Dorchester, 17 94

Charleston, 20 114

To Augusta, Ga., by Stage.

Lexington C. H. 12

Leesville, 17 29

Lumkins, 6 35

Lotts, 12 47

Edgefield, 10 57

Augusta, 15 72

28

COLUMBUS.

To FayetieviUe, N. C, by

Stage. Colonels Cr. Ferry over Wateree, 14 Camden,

Debrules, Sander?, Black Cr. Cheraw, Boundary, Laurel Hill, Lumber R. Fayetteville,

2 12 12

9 22

15 102

13 115

9 124

24 148

To Yorkville, by Stage. Round Top, 10

Winnsboro, 19 29

Chesterville,

Yorkville, 22 76

(Thence to Salisbury, N. C. 74 miles.)

To Greensville, hy Stage.

Lexington C. H. Saluda R. New^berry, Belfast, Huntsville, Laurensville, Reedy R. Greenville,

To Winsboro,

— RufF's Ferry,

— N. Edisto River,

12 26 43 59 67 76 95

25 54 — M'Cord's Ferry,

19 114

29 39 22 33

Columbia, N. C (938.) Columbiana, O. (128.)

Columbia, Ala. (301.) Columbus, Ind. (147.)

Columbus, O. (140.) capitol of the state, founded in 1812. Population, about 4,500, and rapidly increasing. Public buildings : State-house ; Court-houss ; State offices ; Peni- tentiary, &c.

ROUTES FROM COLUMBUS-

To Cincinnati	by Stase.	Circleville,	9	26
Georgeville,	13	Chillicothe,	19	45
London,	12 25	Piketon,	19	64
Charleston,	11 36	Lucasville,	13	77
Xenia,	18 54	Portsmouth	13	90
Waynesville,	15 69	—	—
Lebanon,	9 78	To Athens	by Stage
Sharon,	16 94	Lythopolis,		21
Reading,	5 99	Green Castle,	4	25
Cincinnati,	10 109	liancaster.	7	32
		Logan,	17	44
To Portsmouth	, hy Stage.	Nelson ville,	16	65
Bloomfield,	n	Millville,	4	69
		Athens,	7	76

To Wheeling,	Va	CONC by the	ORD. Jackson,	12 105
National Road. "	Medina,	12 117
Hebron,		28	Cleveland,	27 144
Zanesville,		27 55
Cambridge,		25 80	To Portsmouth	by Canal.
Fairvievv,		21 101	Junction,	10
St. Clairsville,		24 125	Bloomfield,	7 17
Wheeling,		10 135	Circleville, Chillicothe,	11 28 20 48
To Portland,	'by	Stage.	Piketon,	24 72
Worlhington,		9	Portsmouth,	27 99
Delaware,		17 26
Norton,		11 37	To Cleveland,	by Canal.
Bucyrus		26 63	Hebron,	34
Portland,		55 118	Newark, Coshocton,	10 44 40 84
To Cleveland,	by	Stage.	Gnadenhutten,	26 110
Granville,		27	Bolivar,	26 136
Mt. Vernon,		20 47	Massillon,	12 148
Loudonville,		24 71	Akron,	33 181
Wooster,		22 93	Cleveland,	37 218

Columbus Canal. See Ohio. Columbus, G. (285.) (149.) Competition, Va. (215.)

Columbus, K. (206.) Coombsville, K. (189.)

Columbus, Miss. (265.) Compte, Lou. (293.)

Cornells, Ala. (285.)

Cjncord, N. H. (62.) Capital of the state of New Hamp-

shire.

ROUTES FROM CONCORD.

To Boston, by Stage. Hookset Falls, Londonderry, Methuen, Andover, Stoneham, Medford, Boston,

ige.	8
19	27
16	43
4	47
11	58
4	62
6	68

3*

To Montpelier, Vi. by Stage.

Boscawen, 10

Andover, 14 24

Grantham, 22 46

Dartsmouth Col. U 57

Stratford, 16 73

Chelsea, 9 82

Barre, 15 97

Montpelier, 9 106

30 CONNECTICUT.

To Portsmouth, by Stage. Deerfield, 18

Nottingham, 6 24

Denham, 10 34

Newing-ton, 5 39

Portsmouth, 7 46

To White Hills, by Stage. Boscawen, 10

Bristol, 22 32

Plymouth, 13 45

Thornton, 12 57

Peehng, 11 68

Bethlehem, 19 87

Mt. Washington, 15 102 Concord, N. Y, (83.) Coudersport, Pa. (104.)

Concord, N. C. (234.) Cornwall, Can. (14.)

Concordia, L. (295.) Copenhagen, N. Y. (58.)

Conestoga Navigation. See Conneaught, O. ( 1 02.)

Pennsylvania, (132.) Connecticut R. (38.)

Covington, N. Y. (78.)

Connecticut, state of (109,) is divided into eight counties. Population in 1830, 297,711. :Area, 5,100 square miles. Capitals, Hartford and New Haven. Metropolis, New- Haven. Lai. 41° 19' N. Longitude 3° 58' E. General Election, first Monday in April ; Legislature meet first Wednesday in May; Constitution formed, 1818.

Government. — The Governor is elected annually; salary $1,100. Lieutenant Governor receives $300 per annum.

The Legislature is styled the General Assembly, and consists of tvventy-one senators, and 208 members of the House of Representatives, elected annually. The pay of the former is $2 a day each, and of the latter $1,50 a day.

The General Assembly has one stated session every year, alternately at Hartford and New Haven.

Judiciary. — The judicial power is vested in a Supreme Court of Errors, a Superior Court, and such inferior courts as the Legislature may establish. The judges are appointed by the General Assembly, and those of the Supreme and Superior courts hold their offices during good behaviour, but not beyond the age of seventy years.

The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court receives $1,100 per annum The four Associate Jndges $1,050 each.

Physical Structure. — The State of Connecticut is natu- rally divided into three parts by the rivers Connecticut and Housatonic. The eastern section is comparatively level, having but few, if any elevations deserving tlie name of

COP CRO 31

mountains. The middle section, or tliat portion of the state lying between the Connecticut river on the east, and the Housatonic on the West, is strictly a mountainous region, especially on the N. W. part of it. The third, or western section is, with the exception of the southern portion of Fair- field county, composed almost entirely of hills and moun- tains, some of which attain to an elevation of 3,500 feet.

Rivers. — Housatonic, Saugatuck, Connecticut, Farming- ton, Thames, Quinebaug, and Shetucket.

Towns. — Hartford, New Haven, Middletown, New Lon- don and Norwich are incorporated cities ; Bridgeport, Guilford, Killingworth, Newtown, Stamford, Stonington, Waterbury, &c.

Productions. — Indian corn, wheat, rye and other small grains ; flax, hemp, &c. &:c.

Internal Improvements. — Farmington Canal extends from New Haven to the north boundary of the state. It is proposed to continue this canal to Northampton, a further distance of 22 miles; entire length so far as completed 56 miles ; Enfield Canal is designed to overcome the Enfield falls in Connecticut River. Length 5| miles. Coffeeville, Ala. (298.) Cotton port, Ala. (248.)

Coteau du Lac, Can. (14.) Covington, G. (270.) Connecuh R., Ala. (.300.) Covington, Lou. (309.)

Connelsville, Pa. (129.) Covington, T. (225.)

Constant, N. C. (218.) Coshatta Indians, L. (306.)

Coolidge, Ala. (298.) Coeymans, N. Y. (83.)

Coupee, Lou. (308.) Crab Orchard, Va. (213.)

Cowpens, S. C. (233.) Covington, P. (105.)

Conwayboro, S. C. (274.) Crab Orchard, T. (230.)

Cootes Paradise, Can. (54.) Coshatta Village, Ark, (277.) Conyngham, P. (106.) Crabs Bottom, Va. (174.)

Covington, II. (164.) Crafisburv, Vt. (37.)

Cooperstown, N. Y. (82.) Crawfordsville, Ind. (122.)

Corydon, In. (167.) Crocket, N. C. (254.)

Coopersport, P. (104.) Croghanville, O. (99.)

Cote Sans dessein, Mo. (162.) Crooked Lake Canal, see N. Coosa, Ala. (267.) York, (79.)

Coosawatchie, S. C. (290.) Cross River, Miss. (296.) Coosa R. Ala. (267.) Cr. Keys, Va. (217.)

32

CRO

Crolon, N.York, (109.) Crown Point, N. Y. (60.) Crow Town, Ala. (249.) Cruaers T., xMd. (155.) CufFey T., S. C. (271.) Culbreaths, S. C. (271.) Cumberland, Md. (154.) Cumberland, Va. (1 97.) Cumberland R., K. (207.)

DELAWARE.

Cumberland R. K. &- T.

(2(9.) Cumberland I., G. (318.) Cumberland Gap, Va. (211.) Cumberland and Oxford

Canal, see Maine, (63.) Cunningham, Id. O. (iOO.) Currituck inlet, N. C. (219.) Curwinville, P. (104.) Cuthbert, G. (302.)

Duguidsville, Va. (195.) Dalesville, Ala. (301.; Dallas, T. (229.) Damascus, O. (98.) Damascus, P. (107.) Dan Navigation, see Virg.

(215.) Danbury, C. (109.) 3)anbury N. C. (215.) Danby, Vt. (61.) Dandridge, T. (231.) Danielsville, G. (251.) Danville, P. (132.) Dansville, N. Y. (79.)

Danville, Vt. (37.) Danville, II. (121.) Danville, K. (190.) Danville, Va. (215.) Darlington,S. C. (^255.) Darlington, C. H.,S. C, (256.) Darien, G. (305.) Davidsonville, Ark. (204.) Davis, Va. (217.) Dayton, O. (148.) Decatur, II. (144.) Decatur, G. (269.) Dedham, Mass. (85.) Defiance, O. (98.)

Delavi^are, state of^ (157,) is divided into three counties, Population 76,739, including 3,305 slaves. Area, 2,200 square miles. Capital, Dover. Metropolis, Wilmington ; Lat 39° 44' N. Long. 1° 23' E. General Election, first Tuesday in October. Legislature meet, first Tuesday in January, biennially. Constitution formed, 1792.

Government. — Governor, term of office four years; elect- ed by the people ; salary, $1,333, not eligible a second time. Legislature consists of a Senate, nine members. House of Representatives composed of twenty -one members.

Judiciary. — Comprehends a court of errors and appeal ; a superior court ; a court of chancery ; an orphan's court ;

DEL DET 33

a court of oyer and terminer ; and some other minor courts.

Physical Structure. — The two southern counties in this State are level. In the Northern part of New Castle county- hills of considerable elevation occur. One of the most re- markable features in the natural geography of the state, is the noted swamp, situated on the summit of the main ridge, from which the water flows into both the Chesapeake Bay on the West and Delaware on the East.

Riters. — Delaware, Indian, Mispillion, Duck, Brandy- wine, and Christiana creeks, branches of the Delaware, Nantikoke River which flows into Chesapeake Bay.

Islands. — Pea Patch, Reedy and Bombay, Hook Islands.

Productions. — Wheat, rye, Indian corn, barley, oats, buckwheat, &c.

Towns. — Wilmington, New Castle, Dover, Delaware City, Milford, Georgetown, Lewistown, &c.

Internal Improvements. — Chesapeake and Delaware canal from Delaware to Bohemia ; length 13 63-100 miles. New Castle and French town Rail Road extends from New Castle to French town, length 16 19-100 miles. A Rail Road to extend from Wilmington to Duwningtown in Pennsylvania is proposed.

Delaware, O. (125.) Delhi, N. Y. (82.)

Delaware, R. P. (134.) Delphi, Ind. (122.)

Delaware Bay, N. J. ( 157.) Demopolis, Ala. (283.)

Delaware, Va, (198.) Demints, 11. (165.)

Delaware Sf Raritan Canal., Denton, Md. (178.)

see N. Jersey, (134.) Dennyville, Me. (42.)

Delaware & Raritan Feeder, Dennis Cr. N. J. (158.)

see N, Jersey, (134.) Deposit, N. J. (81.)

Delaware, Ark. T. (260.) Deerfield, O. (101.)

Detroit, Mich. (74.) This is the present capital of the state of Michigan. Its population is now (1837,) about 6,000. Founded by the French in 1670. The public buildings are, a legislative hall, market and court houses, churches, 6lc.

34 DETROIT.

ROUTES FROM DETROIT.

To Cincinnati,	by Staore.	Factory,	16 102
R. Rogue,	6	Post O. St. Joseph	s
Brovvnstown,	10 16	River,	50 1.52
Monroe,	}9 35	Edwardsville,	20 172
Perrysbur^,	30 65	Calamic River,	81 253
Finley,	40 105	Chicago,	14 267
Hardin,	.31 136
Bellefontaine,	22 158	To Chicago, via Montcalm.
West Liberty,	8 166	Schwartzburg,	20
Urbana,	11 177	Dexter,	29 49
Springfield,	14 191	Montcalm,	25 74
Yellow Springs,	9 200	Kalinazoo,	63 137
Xenia,	9 209	„MouthofSt.
Waynesville,	15 224	Joseph's	47 184
Lebanon,	9 233	Chicago by Steam B. 64 248
Reading,	21 254
Cincinnati,	10 264	To Chicago, by Steam Boat.
		Grants Pt.	12
To Buffalo, by Steam Boat.	Horsons I.	18 30
Sandwich,	3	Cottrellville,	8 38
Fighting Island,	5 8	Palmer,	12 50
Grosse I.	7 15	Eunceville,	6 56
Amlierstburg,	4 19	Fort Gratiot,	7 63
Middle Sister,	20 39	White Rock,	42 105
Bass I.	17 56	Pt. au Barques,	35 140
Sandusky,	19 75	Thunder Island,	30 170
Cleveland,	60 135	Middle I.	25 195
Fairport,	30 165	Presque I.	60 255
Erie, Pa.	74 239	Mackinaw,	55 310
Westfield,	30 269	Beaver I.	45 355
Dunkirk,	15 284	Manitou I.	35 390
Cattaraugus,	13 297	Chicago,	250 640
Buffalo,	28 325
		To Ft. Howard, Green Bay
To Chicago, by Stage.	by Steam Boat.
R. Rouge,	10	Beaver I. as above,	355
Ypsilanti,	18 28	I. Brule,	30 385
Jackson,	11 39	G. Traverse,	10 395
Jonesville,	47 86

Die		EASTON. 35
Chambers I.	25 420	Saginaw, 34 93
Green I.	15 435
Fort Howard,	40 475	To Fort Gratiot, by Stage.
	-	Mt. Clemens, 20
To Saginaw,	by Stage.	Palmer, 26 46
Pontiac,	24	Bunceville, 6 52
Indian Vil.	35 59	Ft. Gratiot, 7 59

Dickinsonville, Va. (212.) Dismal Swamp Canal. See

Va. (218.) Dittos, Ala. (248.) Dixmont, Me. (40.) Dixon's F., II. (93.) Doaks, Miss. (280.) Dobson, N. C. (214.) Doby Inlet, G. (305.) Doctortown, G. (305.) Dagsboro, D. (178.) Donaldsonville, Lou. (308.) Dorchester, S. C. (290.) Dorchester, L. C. (15.) Dover, N. H. (63.) Dover, capital of" the state of

Delaware. (157.) Dover, Va. (197.) Dover, T. (207.)

Downing T., Pa. (133.) Doylestown, Pa. (133.) Drehr's Canal. See S. C.

(253.) Drummondton, Va. (199.) Dresden T. (206.) Duanesburg, N. Y. (82.) Dublin, G. (288.) Duerville, N. Y. (36.) Dulatsburg, P. (133.) Dumfries, Va. (176.) Dumfries, Ala. (298) DundafF, P. (107.) Dunkirk, Va. (197.) Dunlapsville, Ind. (148.) Dunn, Ala. (266.) Duplin, C.H.,N.C. (257.) Dwight, Ark. T. (221.) Dyersburg, T. (225.)

Earleysburg, Pa. (131.)

Eastport, Me. (42.) East Andover, Me. (39.)

Easton, Pa. (133,) a flourishing town, and seat of justice of Northampton county. It contains a court house, jail, acadamy, and two banks, with a population of about 6000. ROUTESlFROM~blASTON.

To Mauch Chunky by Canal. Bethlehem, 12

Allentown, 5 17

Berlin, 11 28

Lehighton, 14 42

Mauch Chunk. 4 46

To Bristol, by Penn. canal.

Raubsville, 5

Monroe, 6 11

Erwentown, 9 20

Lumberville, 9 29

New Hope, 6 35

Taylorsville, 8 43

36

£AS

ELM

Yardleyville,	3 46	To Wilkesbarre, by Stage.
Morrisville,	4 50	Wind Gap, J 3
Tullytown,	5 55	Stoddartsville, 27 40
Bristol,	5 60	Wilkesbarre, l8 58
To Jersey City, by	Morris	To New York, by Stage.
canal.		Schooley's Mt. Springs, 26
Racket's, N. J.	26	Morristown, 21 47
Dover,	20 46	Newark, 19 66
Boonton,	10 56	New York, 10 76

Paterson, 16 72

Newark, 14 86

Jersey City, 14 100

To Reading, by Stage.

Bethlehem, 10

Allentown, 6 16

Trexlersville, 8 24

Kutztown, 9 33

Reading, 17 50

Easton, Md. (178.) East Fork, Ind. (167.) Eaton, O. (148.) Eatonton, G. (270.) Ebenezer, G. (280.) Ebensburg, P. (130.) Edenton, N. C. (218.) Edgar Town, Mass. (112.) Edgefield, S. C. (272.) Edington, Me. (41.) Edinburg, G. (252.) Edisto R., S. C. (273.) Edwardsburg, Mich. T. (96.) Edwardsville, II. (164.) Eddyville, K. (187.) Egnice, N. C (215.) Elba, N. Y. (36.)

To Philadelphia, by Stage. Ottsville, 17

Doylestown, 15 32

Willow Grove, 11 43

Philadelphia, 13 56

To Trenton, N. J., by Stage. Bloomsbury, N. J. 8

Flemmington, 19 27

Pennington, 16 43

Trenton, 8 51

Elberton, G. (252.) Elizabeth I., Mass. (112.) Elizabethtown, N. J. (134.) EHzabethtown, K.a89.) Elizabeth, Mo. (162.) Elizabeth, N. C. (256.) Elizabeth City, N. C. (218.) Elkton, T. (227.) Elkton, Md. (157.) Elkton, K. (207.) Elkhart Grove, II. (143.) Ellicott, Md. (156.) Ellicottsville, N. Y. (78.) Ellis, N. C. (256.) Ellis ville, Miss. (297.) Edisto I., S. C. (290.) Elms, S. C. (290.)

ELM

FLORIDA.

37

Elmore, Vt. (37.) Elyria, O. (100.) Elysian Fields, Miss. (295.) EJyton, Ala. (267.) Emporium, Pa. (104.) Enfield Canal. seeCt. (110.) Englishman's Bay, Me. (42.) Epels, S. C. (254.) Erie Canal, in N. Y. (56.) Erie, Ala. (283.) Ernesttown, U. C. (33.) Erie, Pa. (76.) Errol, N. H. (38.) Essex, N. Y. (36.) EstelsviJle, Va. (212.) Etowah, G. (250.) Etowah R., G. (250.) Euphrata, Pa. (132.) Eutaw Springs, S. C. (273.) Evansville, Ind. (166.) Evansham, Va. (213.) Exeter, N. H. (86.) Fairfield, C.( 109.) Fairfield, II. (165.) Fairfield, Va. (195.) Fairfax, Va. (175.)

Florida, (313.) The territory of Florida is divided into 19 counties, and has a population of about 44,000. Area 55,680 square miles.

Government. — The Governor is appointed by the Presi- dent, by and with the advice arid consent of the Senate : — salary, $2,500 per annum. Secretary, — salary, $1,500.

The Legislative Council consists of sixteen members, and meets annually (at Tallahassee) on the first Monday in January.

.Judiciary. — There are four judges, appointed by the President and senate — one for each of the four districts which have been named. The salary of each, $1,500.

Physical Structure. — The entire Territory of Florida, 4

Fairfax, Va. (176.) Fairhaven, O. (100.) Fairview, O. (127.) Falmouth, K. (169.) Falmouth, Mass. (1 12.) Fannetsburg, Pa. (131.) Farmington, Ct. (110.) Farmington Canal. See Ct.

(108.) Farmington, Mo. (184.) Farrington, II. (118.) Farraville, Va. (196.) Fayetteville, N. C. (236.) Fayetteville, T. (228.) Fayetteville, Ala. (266.) Fayetteville, G. (269.) Finley, O. (99.) Fincastle, Va. (195.) Fish house, N. Y. (59.) Fishkill, N. Y. (109.) Fisher's I., C. (110.) Flat Rock, Pa. (153.) Flemington, N. J. (134.) Flemingsburg, K. (170.) Flint River, G. (302.)

38 FLORIDA.

with the exception of a small portion west of the Appala^ chicola, is remarkable for its level and unbroken surface. No elevation deserving the name of" mountain, nor any hill excecdinsr 300 Het in height, is to be found. In the vici- nity of Toloso, a limestone lidge occurs, merely sutiicicnt tr» give ii.olion to the waters. JN'atural bridges, common to limestone regions, abound in this section of the territory. Proceeding snuMiward, the ridge just n)enti()ried becomes more depressed, until it reaches the source ot the OcLwaha, where it disappears entirely, though similar geohigical features may lu; traced several miles further south. All below the '28° of N. Lat. oo sists of flat lands, subject to occasional, and a birue portion of it, to constant submersion.

Rivers — St. Johns, Escambia, Yellow Water, Chocta- whatchie, Appalachicola, Oclacki.nnee, Suwanee, St. Ma- rys, &c.

Bays. — Perdido, Pensacola, Choctawhatchie, St. An- drews, Appalachee, St. Joseph.*--, Charlotte, Gallivans, and Chatham on the GulU

No bays of any importance exist on the Atlantic side of the Territory ; Mosquito Lagoon, Indian river, &c., re- semble bays, but like the St. Johns, they are merely ex- panded rivers, and cannot with propriety be called bays.

I'rofJuclions. — Cotton, rice, sugar, tobacco, indigo, In- dian corn, &c., together with a great variety of garden vegetables.

Towns. — Tallahassee, the capital; Pensacola, St. Augus- tine, Aliqua, Webbville, Appalachicola, Quincy, MontictUo, Jacksonville, &,c.

Florida, F. (312.) Fort Portage, O. (99.)

Florida, Al..'. (-298.) Fort Ann, N. Y. (60.)

Florence, Ala. (247.) Fort Dearborn, II. (95.)

Fords, .\Iiss. (297.) Fort Edwards, II. (117.)

Forsyth, G. (270.) Fort Erie, U. C. (77.)

Forlin, Lou. (309.) Fort Brown, O. (98.)

Fort Gratiot, Mich. (51.) Fort Necessity, O. (125.)

Fort St. Mary, O. (1'24.) Fort Deposit, Ala. (248.)

Fort Amanda, O. (124.) Fort Early, G. (286.)

Fort Recovery, O. (1;J4.) Fort Armstrong, Ala. (249.)

FOR

GALENA.

39

Fort Strother, Ala. (267.) Fort Chinnabie, Ala (2H7.) Fort Talladega, Ala. (267.) Fort Williams, Ala. (267.) Fort Jackson, Ala. (284.) Fort Mitchell, Ala. (28.5.) Fort Bainbridge, Ala. (285.) Fort Lawrence, G. (286) Fort Miinms, Ala. (299.) Fort Crawford, Ala. ("299.) Fort Dale, Ala. (300.) Fort Jatncs, G. (:i.»4.) Fort Gaines, G. (.301.) Fort Scott, G. (.315.) Fort Barrington, G. (305.) Fort Bowyer, Ala. (311.) Fort St. Phillip, Lou. (324.) Fowl, T. (314.) Francestown, N. II. (85.) Franconia, N. H. (38.) Franklin, Pa. (103.) Franklin, Va. (174.) Franklin, Ind. (147.) Franklin, K. (208.) Franklin, T. (228.) Franklin, N. C. (231.) Franklin, G. (;26y.)

Franklin, Miss. (295.) Franklin, Lou. (:i22.) Franklintown, Lou. (309.) Franklinville, G. (316.) Franklbrt, II. (I«6.) Frankfort, Ind. (122.) Frankfort, Va. (194) Frankfort, capital of Ken-

tuckv, (I6H.) Franktown, Va. (199.) Fraser, N.C. (217.) Fredericksburg, Ind. (167.) Frcdericksb:.rg, Va. (176.) Fredericktown, Md. (15.5.) Fredericktown, Mo. (184.) Fredericktown, O. (126.) Fredonia, N. Y. (77.) Fredonia, O. (167.) Freehold, N. J. (134.) Freeport, Pa. (129.) Freeport, Me. (63.) Frenchmans B. Me. (41.) French T., Miss. (311) Friendsville, Pa. (106.) Fulsorns, Miss. (265.) Fry burg, Me. (62.) Fosboro, Mass. (85.)

Gainsville, G. (251.)

Galvezton, L. (309.)

Galena, II. (66,) is the centre of an extensive lead re- gion, in Illinois. Population, about 2,000.

ROUTES FROM GALENA.

To St. Louis, by Steam

Boat.

Mississippi River, 4

Apple Creek, 14 18

Rush Creek, Pium Creek, MaraJo^, Fort Armstrong,

8 26 10 36 10 46 24 70

40 GAL		GEORGIA.
Copper Creek,	26 96	To Fort Winnebago	, by land.
Fort Edwards,	100 196	Gratiot's Grove,	15
Hannibal,	41 237	Dodgeville,	30 45
Louisiana,	25 262	Moundville,	14 59
Illinois River,	72 334	Fort Winnebago,	54 113
Missouri River,	17 3.51
St. Louis,	17 368	To Chicago, by land, 169
To Prairie du Chien.	To Vandalia, by	land.
N. boundary of 11.	17	Rock River,	65
L. Platte Cr.	7 24	Peoria,	76 141
Grant Cr.	6 30	Springfield,	65 206
Cassville,	14 44	Vandalia,	55 261
Prairie du Chien,	24 68

^Geneseo, N. Y. (79.) Geneva, N. Y. (80.) Georgetown, P. (132.) Georgetown, Pa. (128.) Georgetown, D. C. (176.) Georgetown, O. (170.) Georgetown, D. (178.) Georgetown, S. C. (274.) Georgetown, G. (271.) Georgetown, K. 169.)

Gallipolis, O. (171.) Gallatin, T. (208.) Gandysville, Va. (153.) Gap, N. H. (38.) Garland, Me. (40.) Gasconade, Mo. (162.) Gasconade R., Mo. (182.) Gasaways, II. (186.) Gates C. H., N. C. (218.) Gatewoods, II. (166.) Genereau, Mich. (49.)

Georgia, (270.) The state of Georgia is divided into ninety-nine counties. Population, 516,567, including 217,470 slaves. Area, 61,500 square miles. Capital Mill- edgeville. Metropolis, Savannah, Lat. 32° 03' N., Lon. 4° 03' W. General election, first Monday in October. Le- gislature meet first Monday in November. Constitution formed, 1798.

Government. — The Governor is elected by the people, for two years ; salary $3,000. The legislative power is vested in a Senate and House of Representatives, styled the Gene- ral Assembly. The members of both houses are chosen annually, on the first Monday in October, and meet on the first Monday in November. One Senator is elected for each county, and the number of Representatives is in pro-

GEORGIA.

41

portion to population, including three-fifths of all the pec- pie of colour ; but eiich county is entitled to at least one but not more than lour.

Judiciary. — Superior Court, the judges of wliich are elected by the legislature, ior three ycirs, and receive an- nually $2,100 each. The justices of the inrenor courts, and justices of the peace, are elected quadrennially by the people.

Physical Structure. — N arly two-thirds of the state, on the soutli-east, presents a level aspect, nearly destitute of mountains. North-west of the great road ioadiiig from Augusta to Columbia, the country becomes mountainous, increasing in elevation as we proceed westward, until it attains a mean altitude of about 1200 feet. This inclined plane, which contains the gold region, is sud ienly termi- nated by the Blue Ridge, which separates the waters of the Tennessee from those of Coosa, &c.

Rivers. — ('oosa, C'hattahooche, Flint, Suwanee, Santilla, Alatatn.iha, Ocinuljjec, Oconee, Ogeclioc, and S .v .nnah.

I'rodiictioiis — C'olton, rice, timber, lobiicco, Indian (orn, and fruits in great varitty and abundance. G.ld and some other minerals.

Internal Improvements. — Savannah and Ogechee Canal, commences at Savannah, and intersects the great Ogechee a short distance above the mouth of the (/annouchee river. An extension of this work is proposed, of sixty miles, to the Alatamaha. — Alatainaha and Brunswick Rail Road, twelve miles in length.

7o7cns. — Savannah, iMilledgeville, Augusta, Darieii, Ma- con, ("olumbus, Washington, Louisville, St. Marys, Greens- boro, Sparta, &c.

Germantown, Pa. (133.) Gilend, II. (142.)

Germanlown, Va. (1.45.) Gil ord, N. H. (&2.)

Germanto^vn, N. C (238.) Gilmantown, N. M. (62.)

Gettysburg, Pa. (155.) Gloucester, Mas. (^6.)

Germantown, N C. (214.) Gloucester, Va. (198.)

Gibraltar Pt., U. C. (.54.) Glasgow, K. (18.).)

Gibsonport, Mi^s. {205.) Golconda, II. (186.)

Gilboa, N. Y. (82.) Guldboro, Me. (41.)

42

COL

IIAR

Gold Region, G. (250.) Good, N. C. (233.) Gorham, Me. (63.) Goshen, N. Y." (108.) Governeur, N. Y. (34.) Grand Lake, Me. (21.) Grand Id., U. C. (33.) Grand R. Mich. (71.) Granger, O. (101.) Granville, Mass. (84.) Gratz, Pa. (132.) Gr. Egg Harbour. N. J.

(158.) Gr. Menan Id., N. B. (42.) Gr. Ogechee R., G. (288.) Greensboro, Vt. (37.) Greensboro, G. (270.) Greensboro, Ala. (283.) Greensburg, Pa. (129.) Greensburg, Ind. (147.) Greensburg, K. (189.) Greenupsburg, K. (171.) Greenville, II. (164.)

H.

Haddam, Con. (110.) Haddensville, Va. (196.) Hadley (south) Canal. See

Massachusetts, (84.) Hagerstown, Md. (155.) Halifax, P. (132.) Halifax, N. C. (217.) Hailowell, Me. (40.) Halls, N. C. (235.) Hamburg, N. J. (108.) Hamburg, Pa. (133.) Hamburg, S. C. (272.) Hamilton, N. Y. (78.) Hamilton, O. (148.) Hamilton, Miss. (280.) Hamilton, Lou. (278.)

Greenville, S. C. (252.) Greenville, K. (187.) Greenville, O. (124.) Greenville, Ind. (168.) Greenville, Mo. (184.) Greenville, T. (212.) Greenville, N. C. (237.) Greenville, Mis. (295.) Greenfield, Mass. (84.) Greenfield, Ind. (147.) Greenfield, O. (149.) Greensville, Va. (213.) Greensville, Ala. (300.) Green River, K. (187.) Greene C. H., Miss. (298.) Greene, N. Y. (81.) -Greencastle, Ind. (146.) Gieencastle, P. (155.) Greenock, Ark. (224.) Grinders, T. (227.) Grabb, Lou. (294.) Guildhall, Vt. (38.) Guyandot, Va. (171.)

Hampton, Va. (198.) Hampton, N. J. (158.) Hampton, Lou. (309.) Hanbyvillc, Ala. (267.) Hancocks T., Md. (154.) Hannas, N. C. (235.) Hanover, N.H. (61.) Hanover, Va. (197.) Hardin, O. (124.) Hardin, O. (125.) Hardinsburg, K. (188.) Hardinsville, (226.) Hardwich, Mass. (84.) Hartford, Md. (156.) Hargroves, Ala. (267.) Harlaem cH, see N. Y. (135.)

HARTFORD.

43

Harlaem Rail Road, see N.

York, (135.) Harleesville, S. C. (Q55.) Harmony, Me. (40.) Harmony, Pa. (128.) Harmony, Ind. (166.) Harperfield, N. Y. (82.) Harpersfield, O. (101.) Harper's Ferry, Va. (155.)

Harpshead, K. (187.) Harrington, Me. (42.) Harrisburg, Pa. (132.) Harrisburg, T. (225.) Harrisonburg, Va. (175.) Harrisonburg, Lou. (294.) Harrisville, Va. (217.) Harrisonville, II. (163.) Harrodsburg, K. (190.)

Hartford, Con. (110,) one of the capitals of Connecticut, and next to New Haven, the most populous town in the state ; population 9,789 ; its public buildings consist of the State House, Deaf and Dumb Asylum on Tower-hill, the Lunatic Asylum, College, and several splendid churches.

ROUTES FROM HARTFORD.

To New Haven	by Stage.	Mendon,	12 74
Newington,	6	Medway,	9 83
Worthington,	6 12	Dover,	12 95
Meriden,	6 18	Brooklyne,	11 106
Wallingford,	4 22	Boston,	4 110
North Haven,	9 31
New Haven,	5 36	To Providence,	by Stage.
		Ashford, as above, 28
To New Haven,	via Middle.	Pomfret,	14 42
town, by Stage.	Killingly,	6 48
Stepney,	8	Providence,	26 74
Middletown,	8 16
Durham,	7 23	To New London	, by Stage.
Northford,	8 31	Glastenbury,	7
New Haven,	10 41	Marlboro,	11 18
		Colchester,	8 26
To Boston, by Stage.	New Salem,	7 33
Ellington,	14	Chesterfield,	6 39
Tolland,	5 19	New London,	7 46
WilUngton,	7 26
Ashford,	2 28	To Springfield, by Stage.
Thompson,	20 48	Windsor,	7
Douglass,	14 62	Warehouse Ft.	7 14

«:. .3^: ^'

h^ ■■^' K

,,- ..: -fc !«:*

t Ift M M H.: t*- :i i .%?: 1*^ ¥^ te

^ l*s ^' %■, -^1 M ■)«

^iJ\:r;i

42

COL

Gold Region, G. (250.) Good, N. C. (233.) Gorham, Me. (63.) Goshen, N. Y.' (108.) Governeur, N. Y. (34.) Grand Lake, Me. (21.) Grand Id., U. C. (33.) Grand R. Mich. (71.) Granger, O. (101.) Granville, Mass. (84.) Gratz, Pa. (132.) Gr. Egg Harbour. N. J.

(158.) Gr. Menan Id., N. B. (42.) Gr. Ogechee R., G. (288.) Greensboro, Vt. (37.) Greensboro, G. (270.) Greensboro, Ala. (283.) Greensburg, Pa. (129.) Greensburg, Ind. (147.) Greensburg, K. (189.) Greenupsburg, K. (171.) Greenville, II. (164.)

H.

Haddam, Con. (110.) Haddensville, Va. (196.) Hadley (south) Canal. See

Massachusetts, (84.) Hagerstown, Md. (155.) Halifax, P. (132.) Halifax, N. C. (217.) Hallowell, Me. (40.) Halls, N. C. (235.) Hamburg, N. J. (108.) Hamburg, Pa. (133.) Hamburg, S. C. (272.) Hamilton, N. Y. (78.) Hamilton, O. (148.) Hamilton, Miss. (280.) Hamilton, Lou. (278.)

HAR

Greenville, S. C. (252.) Greenville, K. (187.) Greenville, O. (124.) Greenville, Ind. (168.) Greenville, Mo. (184.) Greenville, T. (212.) Greenville, N. C. (237.) Greenville, Mis. (295.) Greenfield, Mass. (84.) Greenfield, Ind. (147.) Greenfield, O. (149.) Greensville, Va. (213.) Greensville, Ala. (300.) Green River, K. (187.) Greene C. H., Miss. (298.) Greene, N. Y. (81.) .Greencastle, Ind. (146.) Gieencastle, P. (155.) Greenock, Ark. (224.) Grinders, T. (227.) Grabb, Lou. (294.) Guildhall, Vt. (38.) Guyandot, Va. (171.)

Hampton, Va. (198.) Hampton, N. J. (158.) Hampton, Lou. (309.) Hanbyvillc, Ala. (267.) Hancocks T., Md. (154.) Hannas, N. C. (235.) Hanover, N.H. (61.) Hanover, Va. (197.) Hardin, O. (124.) Hardin, O. (125.) Hardinsburg, K. (188.) Hardinsville, (226.) Hardwich, Mass. (84.) Hartford, Md. (156.) Hargroves, Ala. (267.^) Harlaem c% see N. Y.'(135.)

jfcriifs i

Harioony.L'-

'■ 300.) ■ 18].)

SX.0

HARTFORD.

43

Harlaem Rail Road, see N.

York, (135.) Harleesville, S. C. (Q55.) Harmony, Me. (40.) Harmony, Pa. (128.) Harmony, Ind. (166.) Harperfield, N. Y. (82.) Harpersfield, O. (101.) Harper's Ferry, Va. (155.)

Harpshead, K. (187.) Harrington, Me. (42.) Harrisburg, Pa. (132.) Harrisburg, T. (225.) Harrisonburg, Va. (175.) Harrisonburg, Lou. (294.) Harrisville, Va. (217.) Harrisonville, II. (163.) Harrodsburg, K. (190.)

Hartford, Con. (110,) one of the capitals of Connecticut, and next to New Haven, the most populous town in the state ; population 9,789 ; its public buildings consist of the State House, Deaf and Dumb Asylum on Tower-hill, the Lunatic Asylum, College, and several splendid churches.

ROUTES FROM HARTFORD.

To New Haven, by Stage.

i,r-M. Vm k V"W ^if' 'i£' ■€' m M m t

. *'l 4- .it M:. i«5(_. ) IX /Mi: M 0 M M

]i in ?*f fi^ iiC ^i

•\4 tfC . ill kaii k«, ' \i€ iif- .v€ M tit' -.

i: ;;!(' m ^: 7C m 'i€- ii^ ^ i.«f 'i^ '^j

;^ m.M'm /C ir 'Hi M «iC iic*^

"'' "''■ W- iM M.- ,... ... ,-.5; i^ m^ 'l

{;^ 0. M 3^. :i: [€■ M M U li} i

r ill;. ^ yk Stl ii,

r sft ih Ml' ** j-s

?.»'5'''- ■«*?-■ tiif iTii-' iii"'

i M^ i«:, i4 * i«

f li^ '^;- «* il^' *^

Jif^ ^f ^< M M .

0 H M MJ"^. ^ .1% ^ m isf i^i

^ *.yf^ *«» t.T?^ v»r i'<l.

:^7.- ■;.? i^ «?f' ^ y^ i^:

t- ;, ., . : :. (i^ ,>*f '«, f«./J^" »< M- ;'% ^f M- S4- i.

"M .'* m i>t .* v«r sKT utf" .c: *C iC j^ v..^ i«I j/il *^. »<?

vf ;4" ic '^ ?if^ ^" «r. r^ ^ ^^ ^4C"' /c m. -^M- ,fC M »f i

Newington, Worthington, Meriden, Wallingford, North Haven, New Haven,

To New Haven, via Middle-

town, by Stage.

Stepney, 8

Middletown, 8 16

Durham, 7 23

Northford, 8 31

New Haven, 10 41

To Boston, by Stage.

Ellington, 14

Tolland, 5 19

Vy^illington, 7 26

Ashford, 2 28

Thompson, Douglass,

20 48 14 62

Mendon,	12 74
Medway,	9 83
Dover,	12 95
Brooklyne,	11 106
Boston,	4 no
To Providence,	by Stage.
Ashford, as above, 28
Pomfret,	14 42
Killingly,	6 48
Providence,	26 74
To New London	, by Stage.
Glastenbury,	7
Marlboro,	11 18
Colchester,	8 26
New Salem,	7 33
Chesterfield,	6 39
New London,	7 46

To Springfield, by Stage. Windsor, 7

Warehouse Pt. 7 14

,i(iC 'C -^^ t'tf ;«C m. i

K: ni

.- x# .1*'.

*€ .^ #C

^ ,4' .«C iil M '.

44

HAR

HOP

Enfield, Springfield,

To "Worcester, Tolland, Stafl^ord Spr. Stafford Ch. Sturhridge, Cliarllon, Worcester,

To Salisbury, Northington, C'anton, Winsled, N rfolk, N. Canaan,

4 18
10 28
Stage. 19
8 27
2 2.»
23 52
10 6 J
10 72
Stage. 9
5 14
12 2H
10 36
5 41

Salisbury,

7 48

H:rtn)rd, rC.(l^S.) H .rtfi.rd, N. C. CilS.) H.rfiord, G (.''^7.) HTtville, T. (20H.) Harwich, Miss. (Il:>.) Hauppage, N.Y. (135.) H.van:i, All. f246.) Haverhill, N. H. (37.) Havre de Grace, Md. (156.) H lysboro, T. (-21)8.) Hyatts, L. C. (17.) Hazlepatch, K. (HU.) Helena, Ark. ('244.) Homps^tead, N. Y. (135.) Henderson, 11. (118.) Henderson, K. (187.) Henderson, N. C. (234.) Hennepin, II. (i!3.) Henry C. H., G. (269.) Herculaneum, Mo. (163.) Hereford Inlet, N. J. (158.) Herkimer, N. Y. (59.) Hicks, G. (249.)

To Litchjield, by Stage.

Farmirigton, 10

Burlington, 9 19

Haruinton, 7 26

Litchfield, 8 34

To Donhury, by Stage.

Farmitigton, 10

Bristol, 7 17

Plymouth, 6 23

Wutertown, 7 30

Woodbury, 7 37

Newtown, 15 52

Danbury, 9 61

Ilickstown, F. (316) Ilickstbrd, Va (•<^i7.) Hin.Uory Hsll, S. C. (289.) Hickory T., Pa. (Iu3.) Hicrh Pt., U. C\ (74.^ Hil],N. C. (217.) Hills West, N.C. (80.) HiUsboro, Ind. (143.) Hillsboro, O. (149.) Hillsboro, N. C. (215.) Hillsboro, N. H. (16-2.) Hilton Head, S. C. (290.) Hindostan, Ind. (167.) Hogton, N. C. (^'37.) Hollidaysburg, Pa. (130.) Holmes, F. (314.) Holniesville, Miss. (296.) Holmesville, G. (304.) Hnlston R., Va. (213.) Hookset Ciinal, see New

Hampshire, (62.) Hoot Inn, N. C. (238.) Hope, N. J. (134.)

ILLINOIS.

45

Hopetown, N. Y. (80.) Hulinsbur^, Pa. (103.)

Hopkinton, N. Y. (35.) Humes, S. C. (274.)

Hopkinton, N. H. (62,) Huntersville, Va. (173.)

Hopkinsville, K. (207.) Huntingdon, Pa. (130.)

Horn T., Va. (199.) Huntingdon, T. (206.)

Horns, N. C. (256.) Hunts, N. Y. (79.)

Horry, G. (2S6.) Huntsville, N. C. (214.)

Hot Springs, Ark. (241.) Huntsville, Ala. (248.)

Howards, S. C. (255.) Huntsville Canal, see Ala- Hudson, N. Y. (83.) bama, (248.) Hudson t^- Delaware Canal, Huntsville, S. C. (253.)

see New York, (108.) Huston, N. C. (254.)

Hughsville, Va. (214.) Huttonsville, Va. (173.)

Illinois, state of, (186,) is divided into 72 counties. The population in 1830, was 157,445, but has greatly in- creased since. Area, 57,900 square milles. Capital and metropolis, Vandalia, lat. 38° 58' N., Ion. 11° 57' W. Ge- neral election, first Monday in August, biennially. Legis- lature meets first Monday in December every second year, Date of constitution, 1818.

Government. — Governor is elected for four years, salary $1000. The lieutenant-governor is president of the senate. The " General Assembly" consists of a senate and house of representatives. The members of the former are elected for four years, and those of the latter biennially ; pay of each, three dollars a day ; meet every other year on the first Monday in December. General election, first Mon- day in August, biennially.

Judiciary. — The Supreme Court consists of a chief jus- tice and three associate judges; salary of each $1000. They hold circuit courts also. There is another judge for the circuit north of Illinois river. The court of county commissioners, is composed of three persons, who are elected every two years. Justices of the peace are elected by the people, and hold office four years. There is a judge of probate in each county. Imprisonment for debt, except in certain cases, is not allowed. Slavery is prohibited by the constitution.

Physical Structure. — The whole state is remarkably

46 INDIANA.

level, having no mountains, nor indeed any hills of great elevation. In the northern part of the state, a partial cliange in the surface is perceptible ; tlie country is somewhat bro- ken and undulating, but its level character is maintained throughout the whole. The " American Bottom" so culled, celebrated for its fertility, extends along the left banii of the Mississippi, from the mouth of the Missouri to Kaskas. kia, neaily ninety miles. Prairies and birrens abound to a great extent in this state ; probably one half of its suriiice consists of these natural meadows.

Rivers. — Mississippi, Rock, Illinois, Sangamo, Kaskas- kiii, Ohio and Wabash.

Froductions. — Indian corn, wheat, tobacco, cotton, lead, &c.

Internal Improvements. — Are merely prospective, none having yet been completed. A canal about lUO ti.iles in length, from Ottowa, or peihaps from Hennepin, lower down the lllmois lo lake Michigan, is now in projiress.

Towns. — Vandalia, Kdwardsvillc, Belleville, Carrolton, Albion, Kaskaskia, Shawnectown, Sjjringfield, Beurds- town, Ottowa, Galena, and many others.

Illinois R., 11. (94.) Illinois R., Ark. (200.)

Illinois Canal. See II. (94.) Indiana, Pa (129.)

Indiana, state of, (166,) is divided into eighty-six coun- ties, and had, in 1 83U, a population of 343,031 . Area, 36,500 square mile*. Capital, ludionapolis; metropolis New Al- bany, lat. 36° 19' N. long. 8° 44' W. Date of constitution, Ibl6. General election, 1st Monday in August. Legisla- ture meet, 1st Monday in December.

Goverfiment. — The Governor is elected for three years; salary $1,01)0 per annum Lieutenant-Governor is presi- dent of the Senate, and receives two dollars per day during the session of the legislature.

The legislature is called the General Assembly of Indi- ana, and is composed of a senate, the tnembers of which are elected for three years, and a hcuse of representatives, whose members are elected annually. ^J he number of the former is at present 30, and the latter 75. Pay of mem- bers of both houses is two dollars a day each.

INDIANA. — INDIANAPOLIS. 47

Judiciary. — The judiciary power is vested in a Supreme Court, circuit courts, and such other inferior courts as the general assembly may cstabhsh. The supreme court con- sists of three judges, and each of the circuit courts con- sists of a president and two associates. All the judges hold their office for seven years, if not removed lor improper conduct.

'I'he judges of the supreme court are appointed by the governor, vi'ith the consent of the senate. The presiding judges of the circuit courts are appointed by the legisla- ture, and the associates are elected by tlie people, 'i here are seven presiding judges of circuit courts. 'l"he judges of the supreme and eircuit courts receive $700 per annum. The associate judges receive $2 a day each, during the session of the courts.

Fhusical Structure. — The country along the Ohio, from the Wabash to the Miami, and 20 or 25 miles back, pre- sents a broken and hilly appearance ; it is not, however, hilly in the strict sense of the term. The ridges, commonly so called, are mere buttresses which support the elevated plateaus in the rear. These gorges have evidently been occasioned by the abrasions of the streams which have thus formed those dark ravines which abound in this part of the state. In the central portions, the land is less broken, and in the north no mountainsor hillsof any magnitude exist.

Rivers. — Ohio, Wabash, White Water, Laugherry , Sil- ver, Indian, the four last are merely creeks.

Productions. — Corn, wheal, rye, buckwheat, oats, flour, &c., many sorts of vegetables grow in great abundance.

litter nal Improvoments. — Wabash and Erie Canal. It is to extend from Lafayette to the eastern boundary of the state. Length 127 miles.

Totvns. — Indianapolis, the capital ; Vincennes, Law- renceburg, Aurora, Vevey, Madison, JefTersonville, New Al- bany, Fredonia, Troy, New Harmony, Richmond, Logan- port, Lafayette, &c. &c.

Indianapolis, (146.)

ROUTES FROM INDIANAPOLIS.

To New Albany, by Stage. I Edinburg, JO 30

Franklin, 20 | Columbus, 12 43

48

IJVDIANAPOLIS.

JAM

Brownstown, Vallona, Salem, Greenville, N. Albany,

25 67

3 70

19 89

24 113

9 122

(Thence to Louisville, K. 3 miles.)

To Cincinnati, by Stage.

Rushville, 40

Somerset, 14 54

Brookeville, 11 65

Harrison, 17 82

Miami, 8 90

Cincinnati, 15 105

To Vincennes, by Stage. Port Royal, 16

Martinville, 14 30

Spencer, 24 54

Bloomfield, 23 77

Vincennes, 45 122

To VandaliOj 11. by Stage. Belville, 20

Infield, N. C. (217.) Instantur, Pa. (104.) Ipswich, Me. (86.) Irvine, K. (191.)

Jackson, Mich. (73.) Jackson O. (150.) Jackson, Mo. (185.) Jackson, T. (226.) Jackson, capital of Miss.

(280.) Jackson, Ala. (298.) Jacksonville, II. (142.) Jacksonville, G. (303.) Jacksonville, F. (318.)

Greencastle, R. Terrehaute, Embarras R. Ewington, Vandalia,

17 37 33 70 45 115 25 140 30 170

To Covington, by Stage. Crawfordsville 50

Covington, 29 79

To Wayne, by Stage. Connerstown, 17

Noblesville, 4 21

Strawtown, 7 28

Wayne, 83 111

To Columbus, O. by Stage.

Greenfield 20

Centreville, 44 64

Richmond, 6 70

Lewisburg, 17 87

York, J 6 103

Springfield, 26 129

Columbus, 43 172

J.

Ithaca ^ Owego Rail Road.

See N. Y. Ischua, N. Y. (78.) Isle of Wight, Va. (218.)

Jacksonburg, O. (148.) Jacksonboro, G. (289.) Jacksonboro, S. C. (290.) Jacksboro, T. (210.) Jaffrey, N. H. (84.) Jamaica, N. Y. (135.) Jamestown, N. Y. (77.) James River Canals, see

Virginia, (197.) James R. Va. (197.

JAM

KENTUCKY.

49

James and Jackson R.Canal, Jefferson, Va. (176.)

see Va. (196.) James I., S. C. (219.) JamesviUc, S. C. (273.) Jasper, T. (229.) Jay, Me. (39.) Jefferson, O. (102.) Jefferson, P. (103.) Jefferson, Mo. (161.)

Jefferson, N. C. (213.) Jefferson, Miss. (246.) Jefferson, G. (251.) Jefferson, G. (318.) Jeffersonville, Ind. (168.) Jeffersonville, Va. (193.) Jericho, N. Y. (81.)

K.

Kempsville, Va. (218.) Kelleyvale, (Va.) Kenjua, P. (103.) Kennard, G. (302.) Kennebeck R., Me. (40.) Kennebeck R., Me. (64.) Kennebunk, Me. (63.) Kent I., Md. (177.) Kentucky R., K. (191.)

Kalamazoo, R., Mich. (71.) Kanawha Navigation, see

Virginia, (172.) Kanawha R., Va. (172.) Kankakee, R., Ind. (95.) Kaskaskia, R., II. (144.) Kaskaskie, Ind. (95.) Kaskaskia, II. (185.) Keene, N. H. (84.)

Kentucky state of, (206,) is divided into 84 counties. Population in 1830, 687,917, including 165,213 slaves. Area, 40,500 square miles. Capital Frankfort, metropolis Louisville, Lat. 38° 18' N. Long. 8° 46' W. General election first Monday in August. Legislature meet, first Monday in November. Constitution framed, 1799.

Government. — Governor's term of office, four years. Salary $2,000 per annum. Lieutenant-governor $4 per day, as president of the senate ; secretary of state, $750 ; auditor, register, and treasurer, each $1,500.

The legislature consists of a Senate and House of Repre- sentatives, styled the General Assembly of the Common- wealth of Kentucky. The members of the former are chosen for 4 years; those of the latter annually. The senate consists of 38 members; and the house of repre- sentatives of 100. The members of both houses receive $2 per day during the session of the legislature.

Judiciary. — The court of appeals consistsof a Chief Jus- tice and two other Judges; salary of each $1,500. Cir- cuit courts; the state is divided into 16 judicial districts o

60 KENTUCKY.

for holding- circuit courts. There is a judg-e for each cir- cuit, who has jurisdiction oflaw cases over $50, and of chan- cery cases over £5, and holds three terms a year in each county of his circuit. The salary of the judg^es of the cir- cuit courts is $1000 per annum. County courts are also held by three or more justices of the peace. Their juris- diction is over inferior suits. They hear appeals from the decisions of single justices.

Physical Structure. — The south-eastern portion of this Btate borders upon the Allegheny rangeof mountains, some of the spurs and detached ridges of which descend for a considerable distance into it. That part of the state is con- sequently of a mountainous character, with lofty eminences and deep ravines and valleys between them, affording land- scape views of uncommon boldness and beauty. Along the Ohio river, and extending from 10 to 20 miles in different places from it, are the "Ohio Hills," parallel with that beautiful stream. These hills are often high, generally gracefully rounded and conical, with narrow vales and bottoms around their bases. They give to that portion of the stale, though which they extend, a very rough ap- pearance. They are covered with lofty forests, and have often a good soil on their sides and summits. The alluvial bottoms between them and the Ohio, and along the streams which fall into that river, are of the richest kind.

Rivers. — Ohio, Big and Little Sandy, Licking, Kentucky, Salt, Green, Cumberland, Tennessee, &-c.

Productions. — Indian corn, wheat, rye, buckwheat, oats, hemp, tobacco, &c.

Internal Improvements. — Louisville and Portland canal. Length about one and a half miles. Lexington and Ohio Rail Road, commences at Lexington, passes through Frank- fort, and thence to Shippingport, near Louisville. Length 85 miles.

Towns. — Frankfort the capital ; Lexington, Louisville, Marysville, Greensburg, Augusta, Newport, Covington, Port William, Owenboro, Henderson, Flemingsburg, Wash- ington, Paris, Georgetown, Harrodsburg, Verseilles, Bdrds- town, Shelbyvillc, Russelville, Bowhng-green, Princeton^

KNOXVILLE.

51

Glasgow, together with others, many of them equally im- portant.

Keys, N. J. (158.) Kilbourns, Vt. (37.) Killingworth, Con. (110.) Kilpatricks, II. (164.) Kinderhnok, N. Y. (63.) Kingston, U. C (33.) Kingston, N. Y. (1U8.) Kingston, K. I. (IJl.) Kingston, Md. {118.) Kingston, T. (230.)

Knoxville, T. (231,) the most important town in east Tennessee. Population about 3,000. 'I'hc public l)uildings consists ot a college, several churches, county offices, 6lc. ROUTES FROM KNOXVILLE.

Kingston, N. C. (237.) Kingstree, S. C. (^^74.) Kings, N. C. (237.) Kings, S. C. (289.) K. Geo. C. H. Va. (176.) K.&QueensC.n.Va.(198.) Kingwood, Va. (153.) Kinsman, O. (102. Kittanning, Pu. (129.)

To Nashville,	by Stage.	To Warm Springs, N. C. by
Loveville,	14	Stage.
Kingston,	23 37	Dandridge,	32
Crab Orchard,	20 57	Newport,	15 47
Sparta,	38 95	Warm Springs, N.C	28 75
Liberty,	32 127
Lebanon,	26 153	To Athens, by Stage.
Nashville,	28 181	Maryville,	8
		Madisonville,	29 37
To Abingdon, {	a. by Stage.	Athens,	15 52
Rutledge,	32
Bean's StatiorT,	10 42	To Clinton,	18
Mooresbu rg,	8 50	— Jacksboro,	36
Rogersville,	13 63	— Montgomery,	54
Kingspfjft,	26 8.4	— Tazewell,	50
Blountsville,	17 106
Abingdon, Va.	24 130

Knoxville, G. (286.) Lacadie, L. C. (15.)

Kutztown, Pa. (133.)

L.

Lafayette, Tnd. (122.)

52

LAG

LANCASTER.

La Grange, G. (269.) Lake Champlain, N. Y. (36.) Lake Ontario, N. Y. (55.) Lake Michigan, Mich. (69.) Lake St. Clair, Mich. (74.) Lake Erie, O. (100.) Lake Borgne, Lou. (310.) Lake Ponchartrain, Lou.

(309.) L. St. Francis, L. C. (14.) L.ofthetwoMts.L.C.(14.) L. George, N. Y. (60.) L. George, F. (330.) L. Memphramagog, L. C.

(16.) L. Mermentou, Lou. (321.) L. Bernard, G. (286.) Lancaster, N. H. (38.) Louisville and Portland

Canal, see Ken. (168.)

La Fourche Canal, see Lou- isiana, (323.)

Lake Veret Canal, see Lou- isiana, (323.)

Lackawaxen Canal, see Pennsylvania, (108.)

Lake Drummond Canal, see N. Carolina, (218.)

Lancaster Canal, see Ohio, (150.)

Lehigh Navigation, see Pennsylvania, (133.)

Lackawaxen Rail Road, see see Pennsylvania, (107.)

Lykins Valley Rail Road, " see Pennsylvania, (132.)

Loricks Canal, see S. Caro- lina, (253.)

Lockhart Canal, see South Carolina, (253.)

Lancaster, Pa. (132.) The city of Lancaster, formerly the capital of Pennsylvania, is a large and thriving place, having a population of 7,683, and considerable trade. The great road from Philadelphia to Pittsburg, and the Colum- bia rail road pass through it. Its public buildings are, a court house, jail, Lancasterian school house, and several handsome churches.

ROUTES FROM LANCASTER.

To Philadelphia, by Stage. Soudersburg, 8

Coatesville, 17 25

Downingstown, 7 32

Paoli, 12 44

Philadelphia, 20 64

To Philadelphia, by Rail

Road.

Soudersburg, 9

Mine Ridge,	8 17
Coatesville,	12 29
Downingstown,	8 37
Schuylkill river.	29 66
Philadelphia,	3 69
To Harrishurg, by Stage.
Mountjoy,	12
Elizabethtown,	7 19

LANCASTER.

53

Middletown, Harrisburg,

7 26 3 35

To Pittsburg.

Columbia, by Rail R. 13

York, r by stage,) 11 24

Abbotstown, 15 39

Gettysburg, 14 53

Chambersburg, 25 78

M-Connellstown, 19 97

Bedford, 31 128

Stoystovvn,

Laughlintown,

Youngstown,

Greensburg,

Sluartsville,

Pittsburg,

28 156 16 172 13 185

10 195 13 208 19 227

To Reading, by Stage. Ephrata, 13

Adams, 9 22

Reading, 9 31

Lancaster, O. (150.) Lancaster, Va. (198.) Lancaster, S. C. (254.) Landisburg, Pa. (131.) Langlbrd, Ala. (298) La Prairie, L. C. (15) Lattimore, Miss. (296.) Laughlin T., Pa. (129.) Lawjencebnrg, Ind. (148.) Lawrenceboro, T. (2'i7.) Lawrenceville, S. C. (233.) Lawrcncevillc, Mich. (99.) Lawrenceville, Ind (166.) Lawrenceville, G. (251.) Lawrenceville, V'a. (218.) Lawrenceburg, Pa. (103.) Laurel T., D. (178.) Lead Mines, 11. (66.) Lead M., i\io. (163.) LeafR., Miss. (297.) Lebanon, N. Y. (83.) Lebanon, P. (132.) Lebanon, O. (148.) Lebanon, II. (164.) Lebanon, K. (189.) Lebanon, T. (208.)

Lebanon, Va. (212.) Leesburg, Va. (155.) Leeds, Va. (177.) Lc Flors, Miss. (281.) Lehighton, Pa. (1.33.) Leicester, Va. (196.) Lenox, Mass. (f3.) Leominster, Muss. (85.) Leonard 'P., Md. (177.) Le Raysville, N. Y. (34.) Leroy, N. Y. (78.) Lewistown, N. Y. (54.) Lpwistown, D. (17ti.) Lewistown, 11, (66.) Lewistown, 11. (118.) Lewistown, Pa. (131). Lewistown, Va. (216.) Lewis, Lou. (307.) Lewisburg, Va. (194) Lexington, N. Y. (82.) Lexington, P. (102.) Lexington, K. (169.) Lexington, Va. (195.) Lexington, T. (226.) Lexington, N. C. (234.) Lexington, G. (270.) 5*

54

LIB

LOUISIANA.

Liberty, K. (190.)

Liberty, Va. (195.)

Liberty, S. C. (273.)

Liberty, Miss. (296.)

Licking R., K. (170.)

Licking station, K. (191.)

Lincolnton, N. C. (233.)

Lincolnton, G. (271.)

Lisbon, G. (271.)

Litchfield, Con. (109.)

Litchfield, K. (18S.)

Little Kanawha River, Va. (151.)

Little Rock, capital of Ar- kansas, (242.)

Lit. Egg Harbour, N. J. (158.)

Lit. Praire, Mo. (205.)

Little Red R., Ark. (222.)

L. Wabash R., II. (1G5.) Livingston, Miss. (280.) Loekport, N. Y. (55.) Loftus Heights, Miss. (295.) Logansports, Ind. (122.) Logan C. H., Va. (193.) Logan, O. (150.) London, U. C. (52.) London, O. (149.) Long Pt, U. C. (56.) Long Pt, U. C. (76.) Long Lake, N. Y. (53.) Long Island, N. Y. (135.) L.I. Sound, N. Y. (110.) Long Branch, N. J. (135.) Long Bay, N. & S. C. (275.) Longaconiing, N. J. (158.) Lorain, N. Y. (58.) Louisiana, Mo. (141.)

Louisiana, state of, (277,) is divided into 33 parishes ; had in 1830,215,739 inhabitants, including 109,588 slaves. Area, 49,300 square miles. Capital and metropolis, New Orleans, lat. 30° N., long. 13° 1' W. General election, first Monday in July, biennially. Legislature meet, first Monday in January. Constitution formed, 1812.

Government. — Governor — term of office four years — salary, $7,500 per annum. Secretary, treasurer, attorney general, and survevor general.

Legislature. — The legislative authority is vested in a senate and a house of representatives, styled the General Assembly of the state of Louisiana. The senators are elected for four years. Their number is 17. The repre- sentatives are elected for two years. Their number is at present 50. The elections are held on the first Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday of July. The general assembly elect by joint ballot, for governor, one of the two who have received the highest number of the votes of the people.

Judiciary. — The supreme court consists of three judges, who are appointed by the governor, with the advice and consent of the senate. This court has only appellate juris-

LOUISIANA. 56

diction. It sits in New Orleans for the eastern district, during- the months of November, December, January, Feb- ruary, March, April, May, June, and July. And for the western district, at Opelousas and Attakapas, during the months of August, September and October.

The criminal court of New Orleans has one judge.

There are eight district courts, and nine judges. The district courts, with the exception of the first, hold in each parish, two sessions a year.

The parish courts hold a regular session in each parish, on the first Monday in every month.

The courts in the first district, viz : the parish, district, criminal and probate courts are in session the whole year, excepting the months of July, August, September, and October, in which months they hold special courts if neces- sary.

Physical Structure. — There are three very distinct por- tions in this state, as it regards soil and surface. 1. The north-eastern part, or the country lying east of the Missis- sippi and north of Ponchartrain, Maurepas, and Ibberville outlet, embracing the parishes of east and west Feliciana, east Baton Rouge, Washington, St. Helena, and St. Tam- many, is hilly, of a sandy soil, covered with pine, possess- ing fine springs and a salubrious climate. The north- western portion of the state is also generally elevated, some of it very much so. 2. The south-western part, in the Op- elousas country is covered with extensive prairies, of great fertility and generally level, or gently undulating. 3. The whole delta, or country lying between the Atchafalaya (Chaffalio) outlet on the west, and the Ibberville outlet with its continuation in lakes Maurepas, Ponchartrain and Borgne, on the east, is a dead level, and excepting along^ the margins the numerous rivers and streams of a variable width of from a quarter of a mile to a mile and more, is chiefly continuous swamps, covered with cypress, swamp oak, gum, &,c. This is the character of much of the coun- try bordering the lower parts of the Red River and the Ouachita, the Courtabuleau, and other streams.

The whole southern line is a low marshy country, scarcely rising above the level of the ocean, and often over-

56

LOUISVILLE.

flown by the tides. Rising in the most gradual manner, the north-western part even reaches the aspect of a moun- tainous character. The coast is lined with low and sandy islands, separated from the main land by shallow bayous, or stagnant inlets, and covered with stinted live-oaks.

Rivers, — Mississippi, Red, Ouchita, Atchafalaya, Cour- tableau, Teche, La Fourche, Amite, &:c.

Productions. — Sugar and Rice are the principal, cotton, Indian corn, fruits of various sorts.

Towns.— New Orleans, Madisonville, St. Helena, Baton Rouge, St. Francisvijle, Franklin, St. Martinsville, Opelou- sas, Alexandria, Natchitoches, &,c.

Internal Improvements. — La Fourche Canal, extends from New Orleans to Berwicks Bay, entire length, inclu- ding the natural navigation, 85 miles. L. Veret Canal, extends from a point on the La Fourche, to Lake Veret, about 8 miles in length. Neir Orleans and Ponchartrain Canal, six miles in length, commence^ at the S. W. part of the city, and intersects Lake Ponchartrain, west of fort St. John. The New Orleans and Ponchartrain Rail Road, 5 miles long. Several unimportant canals exist in the neighbourhood of New Orleans and in the parishes border- ing on the Mississippi ; these have been constructed by in- dvidua Is for private use.

Louisville, K. (168,) situated on the Ohio at the head of the tails ; is a place of consideral)le trade ; population at present, 17,000. The public buildings are a court house, market houses, eight or ten churches, high school, marine hospital, and several factories of iron, cotton, «&c.

ROU FES FROM LOUISVILLE.

To Lexington, by Stage. Middletown, 12

Shelbyvllle, 20 .32

Franklort, 2 1 53

Lexington, 24 77

To Nashville, Ten. by Stage. West Point, 21

Elizabethtown, 22 43

Coombsville, .4 52

Munfordsville, 21 73

Glasgow, 20 93

LOUISVILLE.

57

Scottsvillc,	34 117
Gallatin,	20 137
Nashville,	25 162
To Indianapolis	, by Stage.
New Albany,	3
Greenville,	9 12
Salem,	24 36
Valona,	19 55
Brownstown,	3 58
Columbus,	25 83
Edinbur^,	12 95
Franklin,	10 105
Indianapolis,	20 125
* To Vincennes,	hy Stage.
New Albany,	3
Greenville,	9 12
Fredericksburg,	15 27
Paoli,	18 45
Mt. Pleasant,	25 70
Washington,	18 88
Vincennes,	20 108
To Cincinnati,	by Stage.
Charleston,	13
Bethlehem,	13 26
New London,	8 34
Madison,	12 46
Aurora,	31 77
Lawrenceburg,	3 80
Cincinnati,	23 103

To Troy, by Stage.

New Albany, 3

Corydon, 16 19

Fredonia, 16 35

Troy, 28 63

To Hopkinvsille, by Stage.

West Point, 21

Philadelphia, 16 37

Hardinsburg, 22 59

Hartford, 36 95

Greenville, 23 118

Hopkinsville, 27 145

To Lexington, by Stage.

Middletown, 12

Shelbyville, 20 32

Frankfort, 21 53

Lees, 12 65

Lexington, 12 77

To Lexington, by Rail Road.

Newcastle road, 30

Frankfort, 31 61

Lees, 12 73

Lexington, 12 85

To Springfield, by Stage.

Shepardsville, 23

Bardstown, 18 41

Fredericksburg, 10 51

Springfield, 8 59

To Pittsburg, by Steam Boat,

West Point, 23

Madison, 11 44

Port William, 13 57

Vevay, 10 67

Fredericksburg, 10 77

Lawrenceburg, 31 108

Cincinnati, 24 132

New Richmond, 21 153

Point Pleasant, 5 158

Augusta, 15 173

Marysville, 16 189

Portsmouth, 46 235

58

LOU

MAINE.

Burlington,	41 276	Henderson,	11	199
GiiUipolis,	41 317	Mt. Vernon,	22	221
Lelarts Rapids,	3-2 349	Carthage,	12	233
Bel vi lie,	SO 379	Shawneetown,	19	252
Parkersburg,	17 396	Cave in Rock,	20	272
Marietta,	13 409	Cumberland R.,	41	313
Wheeling,	89 490	Tennessee R.,	11	324
Steubenville,	21 511	America,	36	360
Pittsburg,	79 581	Mouth of Ohio,	11	371
		Mew Madrid,	65	436
To New Orleans	by Steam	Litlle Prairie,	30	460
Boat.		Memphis,	119	585
Northamp'on,	42	Arkansas R.,	172	757
Leavenworth,	17 59	Vicksburg,	284	1041
Stephensport,	33 92	Natchez.	103	1144
Rockport,	53 145	St. Francisville,	139	1283
Owensburg,	8 I5.i	Baton Rouge,	34	1317
Evansville,	35 188	New Orleans,	131	1448

Lucas, N. C. (256.) Lumbcrton, N. C. (255.) Lumpkin, G. (285.) Lyncliburg, Va. (195.) Lynhavcn Bay, Va. (198.) Lyons, N. Y. (57.)

M.

Louisville, G. (271.) Louisburg, N. C. (216.) Louisa, K. (171.) Lovelace, Lou. (-295.) Lower Canada, (12.) Lower Marlboro, Md. (177.)

Machias, Me. (42.) Mackeysville, N. C. (232.) Macoi., G. (287.) Madison, II. (164.) Madison, Ind. (168.) Madison, Va. (175.)

Maine, state of, ( 1 8,) is divided into ten counties, and had, in 1830, a population of 399,462. Area, 38,250 square miles; capital, Augusta; metropolis, Portland; lat. 43^ 39' N. Ion/. 6^ 39' E. General elections, second Monday in September ; legislature meet first Wednesday in Jan- uary; constitution formed, 1819.

Government. — The Governor is elected annually by the people, salary, $1,500; seven counsellors also elected an-

Madison, T. (229.) Madison, G. (270.) Madisonville, K. (187.) Madisonville, T. (330.) xMadisonville, Lou. (309.)

MAINE. 59

nually. The legislative power is vested in a " General Assembly," consisting- of a senate and house of representa- tives, members of both elected annujilly by the people.

Judiciary. — Supreme court consists of a chief justice, who receives a salary of $1,800, and two associate judges, salary $1,500 each. Court of common pleas, a chief ju>tice and two associate justices, each receives $1,200 per an- num.

Physical Structure. —The north-western border of this state consists of a series of steps or escarpments which fol- low each other in such rapid succession, as in some places to atiain an elevation of nearly 2000 feet in the space of a few miles. This elevation continues with slight inter- ruptions along the entire line from the sources of the Con- necficut to its termination in the north-east angle of the state. From these data it will be perceived that the coun- try, forms an inclined plane, having the Atlantic coast for its limit towards the south-east. This plane, however, is much broken by high hills and insulated mountain peaks ; examples are presented by Bald Ridge mountain, a spur from the main ridge ; Mt. Bigclow, Saddleback, Katawdin, and others ; some of these peaks are of great height, espe- cially the one last mentioned. The state may be divided into three grand sections; the Atlantic section is compara- tively level, being much intersected by lakes and other in- dications of a flat surface ; the second or middle section is hilly, and the third, or north-western part, is decidedly mountainous.

Rivers. — Andriscoggin, Kennebeck, Penobscot, St. Croix, St. Johns, Madawaska, VValloostook, «S:.c.

Productions. — Lumber, fish, pot and pearl ashes, small grain, provisions, 6lc.

Towns. — Portland, the metropolis ; Augusta, the capital ; York, Paris, Wiscasset, Bath, Hallowell, Castine, Belfast, Bangor, IVIachias, East port. Sac. &c.

Internal Improvements. — Cumberland and Oxford Canal, extends from Portland to Sebago Pond, 20^ miles, whence, by a lock in Songo river, the navigation is extended into and through Brandy and Long Ponds, a further distance of 30 miles.

Middlesex Canal, see Massachusetts, (85.)

60

MARYLAND.

Muscle Shoals Canal, see

Alabama, (217.) Montague Canal, see Massa- chusetts, (84.) Mohawk and Hudson Rail

Road, see N. York, (83.) Miami Canal, see O. (148.) Mauch Chunk Rail Road,

see Penn. (133.) Mount Carbon Rail Road,

see Penn. (132.) Mill Creek Rail Road, see

Penn. (132.) Morris Canal, see N. Jersey,

(134.) Manasquan Canal, see New

Jersey, (158.) Monongahela Navigation,

see Virginia, (152.) Manchester Rail Road, see

Virginia, (197.) Malone, N. Y. (35.) Manaks, Ala. (284.) Manahawken, N. J. (158.) Manchester, Vt. (60.) Manchester, S. C. (273.) Manchester, K. (191.) Manlius, N. Y. (58.) Mansfield, O. (J 26.) Mansfield, N. J. (134.) Mine Hill Rail Road, see

Pa. (132.)

Mansfield, Va. (196.) Mantua, O. (101.) , Maramic, Mo. (183.) Maramic R., Mo. (162.) Marathon, Ala. (247.) Marengo, Ala. (283.) Mariaville, Me. (41.) Marietta, 0.(151.) Marion, Ind. (123.) Marion, O. (125.) Marion, Mo. (161.) Marion, Ala. (283.) Marion, G. (287.) Marion, C. H., S. C. (255.) Marksville, Lou. (294.) -Marshville, Va. (152.) Marshallsville, Va. (216.) Martlia's Vineyard, Mass.

(112.) Marthasville, Mo. (163.) Martinsburg, N. Y. (58.) Martinsburg, P. (130.) Martinsburg, Ind. (146.) Martinsburg, Va. (154.) Martinville, N. C. (215.) Martinsville, Va. (215.) Martins, N. C. (213.) Martins, N. C. (214.) Marysville, O. (125.) MarysviUe, K. (169.) Marysville, T. (230.) Maryville, Va. (196.)

Maryland, state of, (153,) is divided into 19 counties, and contained in 1830, 447,040 inhabitants, including 102,994 slaves; area, 11,150 square miles; capital, Annapolis; metropolis, Baltimore; lat. 39° 18' N.; long. 0° 26' E. General Election, first Monday in October tor delegates, third Monday in September, every fifth year, for electors of senators. Legislature meets, first Monday in December. Constitution formed, 1776.

MARYLAND. 61

Government. — Governor elected by the General Assem- bly, term of office, one year, salary, $2666. Executive council, consisting of five members, chosen annually by the General Assembly on the first Tuesday in January. Sen- ate, consisting of 15 members, and house of delegates, 80 members, called the General Assembly, meet on the last Monday in December at Annapolis ; pay of members $4 a day, of the speakers, $5, each. Members of the senate, are elected every fifth year, by electors chosen by the people, on the first Monday of September. The members of the house of delegates are elected annually by the people, on the first Monday of October.

Judiciary. — Chancery court, chancellor $3,600 per an- num. Court of appeals, chief judge and four associate judges, who receive a salary of $2,200 each, and one for the city of Baltimore, who receives $3,000 per annum. Balti- more court, one chief judge, and associate judges ; salary of the former $2,400, of the two latter, $1,500 each.

Physical Structure. — Eastern section, bordermg on the Atlantic ocean and eastern shore of Chesaperke bay, level ; centre, hilly, gradually increasing in elevation, until it meets the western section of the state, which presents little else than a succession of mountain ridges, extending from the Monocacy to the western limits of the state. The Back Bone mountain, so called, the main ridge of the AUeghe- neys, has a mean altitude of about 2,500 feet, and is the divid- ing ridge between the waters of the Atlantic and those run- ning into the Ohio.

Rivers. — Potomac, Patuxent, Patapsco, Susquehanna, Elk, Chester, Choptank, Nantikoke, &.c.

Productions. — Tobacco, wheat, some cotton, flax, hemp, &,c. &c.

Towns. — Baltimore, Annapolis, Frederick, Hagerstown, Rockville, Port Tobacco, Upper Marlboro; and on the east- ern shore, Elkton, Chester, Centreville, Easton, Cam- bridge, &.C.

Internal Improvements. — Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, extends from Georgetown to Pittsburg, length as proposed, 341 1 miles. A canal 9 miles long, leading from Alexan- dria to intersect the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal^ at George- 6

62

MASSACHUSETTS.

•town is now constructing. (See District of Columbia.) Port Deposit Canal, is tiesig^ned to overcome the rapids of the Susquehanna, above Port Deposit, length nearly 10 ms. Cannl at Little Falls of Potomac, 2^ ms. long. Canal at Great Falls, bnilt of slonc, I'iUO yards long. Baltimore and Ohio Kail Road, extends from Baltimore lo the Point of Rocks on the Potomac, 67 5-8 ms. from Baltimore. This road is to be continued to the Ohio river. A road of a single track extends from the main line to Frcdeiick, 3| ms. Bal- timore and Susquehanna Rail Road, commenced in 1830, is to extend to York, Pa.; length, when completed, 76 ms. An- other rail road is projected, to extend from Baltimore to the Susquehanna at Port Deposit, and thence to unite v^'ith the Oxford Rail Road of Pa., which intersects the C-,lum. bia Rail /?oa(/,about 40 ms. from Philadelphia. Baltimore and Washington Rail Road, length 37 3-4 miles ; this work is now completed.

Mason's N. C. (233.) Maysville, Va. (196.)

Massachusetts, state of, (S3,) is divided into 14 counties. Population in 1830, 610,014. Area, 8750 square miles. Capital and metropolis, Boston, Lat. 42^ 22' N. Long. 5° 57' E. General election for governor and senators, first Monday in April ; for ref)resentatives, in May. Legislature meet, fourth Tuesday in October. Constitution formed, 1780.

Government. — Governor, term of office, one year, salary $3,666 67. LieutenantGuvcrnor $533 33. Secretary ofcom- monwealth, and state treasurer, each $2,000 ; adjutant general, $1,500, who are chosen by joint ballot, from the senators, and nine counsellors ; each holds his office for one year. Legislature, styled the General Court, is composed of a Senate and House of Representatives. Mtm.bersof the senate are elected annually on the first Monday in April; the representatives are elected annually in May.

Judiciary. — The judiciary power is vested in a Supreme Court, and a Court of Common Pleas, and such others as the General Court may establish. The judges are apoint- ed by the governor and senate, and hold their offices during good behaviour.

Physical Structure. — The eastern part of the state is generally level, with occasionally an isolated hill. In the ceatrai part, between Worcester and the valley of the Con-

I

MASSACHUSETTS. 63

necticut, those liills occur at frcqiient intervals, until pass- ing to the wertward, the lands increase in elevation, and assume the aspect of a mountain region.

The mean elevation of Berkshire, the extreme western county of the state, is not less than lUOO feet above tide. This portion is studded with innumerable hills and moun- tain peaks, s»me of which rise to a height of 3000 feet above their bases.

Rivers. — Housatonic, Connecticut, Pawtucket, Charles, Merrimack, &c.

Productions. — Indian corn, wheat, rye, oats, barley, peas, beans, flaxseed, &.c.

Zbiort.s.— Boston, the capital; Salem, Newburyport, Low- ell, Worcester, Springfield, Northampton, Greenfield, Pitts- field, and many extensive towns and villages.

Internal Improvements. — Middlesex C« no/, extends from Boston to Chelmsford. liCngth 27 miles. I'awtucket Ca. mil, in the town of Lowell, is used both for navigation and for manufacturing purposes, length li miles. Blackstone Canal, extends from Providence, R. L, to Worccstrr, Mass. length, 45 miles. Hampshire and Hainpden Canal, see Connecticut. Montague Canal, near the Montague falls in Connecticut river, 3 miles long. South Hadley Canal^ around the S. H. falls in the Connecticut, length 2 miles. Worcester Rail Road, 43 u)iles in length. It is proposed to continue this road to the Connecticut, and to construct a branch to Milberry. Boston and Providence Rail Hond^ length, 43 miles. Boston and Lowell Rail Road, length 25 miles, now in progress. Quincjj Rail Road, used for trans- porting granite from the quarry in Quincy to JSeponset river length 3 miles, branches I mile. Massacre I., Ala. (311.) M'Minnville, T. (229.)

Mathews C. H., Va. ( l98.) M'Kinstry, S. C. (254.) Mauch Chunk, P. (133.) M'Catteums, S. C. (254.)

Maumee, O. (99.) M'Gees, Miss. (265.)

Maumee K., O. (98.) MCouns Bluff, Ala. (2G6.)

M'Connelsville, O. (151.) M'Clair, Miss. (280.)

M'Connelstown, P. (154.) M'Into.hs, {G.) (286.)

MLeansboro, II. (165.) M'Intosh, C. H., G. (305.)

M'Neils, N. C. C2J5.) M'Daniels, Lou. (307.)

64 ME A MICHIGAN.

Meadville, P. (] 02.) Mercersburg, P. (154.)

Mechanicsville, S. C. (255.) Meridianville, Ala. (248.) Medina, O. (100.) Merrittsville, S. C. (232.)

Med way. Me. (85.) Metcalfboro, T. (229.)

Meigsville, O. (151.) Mexico, Mo. (162.)

Memphis, T. (224.) Micanopy, F. (329.)

Meredith, N. Y. (82.) Miccoton, F. (31 6.)

Mercer, P. (102.)

Michigan, state of, (22,) is divided into 39 counties. Po- pulation in 1830, 31,639. Area, 59,700 square miles. Ca- pital and metropolis, Detroit, lat. 42° 20' N. long. 60° 1' W. General election, first Monday in October. Legisla- ture meets, first Monday in January. Constitution formed May nth, 1835.

Government. — The Governor_and Lieutenant Governor are elected for two years. The present Governor and Lieu- tenant Governor are to hold their offices until the 1st Mon- day in January, 1838.

Legislature. — The legislative power is vested in a Senate and House of Representatives. The members of the for- mer are chosen for two years, one half of them every year and to consist, as nearly as may be, of one third of the number of representatives, who are chosen annually, and cannot be less than 48, nor more than 100.

Judiciary. — Consists of a Supreme Court and such other courts as the Legislature may establish. The judges of the Supreme Court are appointed by the Governor and Se- nate for a term of 7 years. Judges of circuit and probate courts, and those of minor courts, are elected by the people for a term of four years.

Physical Structure. — The southern part of this territory is very level, or gently undulating. The northern part is more uneven. Along the shore of Huron there are, in pla- ces, very high bluffs ; and along the east shore of Lake Michigan, are in many places, immense hills of pure sand of from fifty to several hundred feet in height, which have been blown up by the almost constant western winds, sweeping over the lake and the sandy margin on its east- ern side.

Rivers. — Maumee, Rasin, Huron, Clinton, Black, Sag-

MIC

MISSISSIPPI. 65

inaw, Traverse, Monistic, White, Maskegon, Kalleniazoo, St. Josephs, &c.

Froductions.— Corn, wheat, rye, buckwheat ; potatoes, and every variety of similar vegetables, grow here in great abundance.

Toio/js.- Detroit, Monroe, Frenchtown, Brownstown, Pontiac, Ann Arbour, Byron, Montcalm, Niles, Newbury- port, Saginaw, Mackinaw, &.c.

Michigan, Ind. (96.) Mil ford, P. (108.^

Middle T., Mich. (71.) MilledgeviUe, capital of Middk: T., N. .1. (134.) Geo. (270.)

Middle T., O. (148.) Millers T., P. (131.)

Middle T., O. (149 ) Millgrove, S. C. (-^74.)

Middle T., Pa. (132.) Milhaven, G. (289.)

Middle T., K. (168.) Millheim, Pa. (131.)

Middlelovvn, N. Y. (82.) Mills, Va. (175.)

Middletovvn, Con. (1 10.) MiUville, N. J. (158.)

Middletown, V.i. (154.) Millers, Ala. (248.)

Middleton, Pa. (128.; Milton, Vt. (36.)

Middlcbury, Vt. (60.) Milton, N. H. (62.)

Middleburn, Va. (152.) Milton, Pa. (106.)

M ddlcbor,, Mass. (112.) Mineral point, Mich. (67.)

Mifflin, Fa. (131.) Mines, lead, xMo. (184.)

Mikasukic, F. (316.) Miram, Ind. (145.)

10 Mile river, N. Y. (108.) Mississippi R. (92.) MilforJ, D. (17«.)

Mississippi, state of, (243,) is divided into 42 counties. Poi.uldtion, 1830, 136,621, including 65,6.^9 slaves, ^rca 47,68i) square miles. Capital, Jackson, metropolis, Natchez. Lat. 31° 35' N. Long. 14° 3.3' E. General election, first Monday in August. Legislature meets, first Monday in Noveriiher. Constitution tbrmed, 1817.

Government.— The governor is elected for two years — salary $2,500 per annum. The secretary of state, treasurer, and auditor receives each $1,200 per annum, and the attor- ney-general $1,000.

The legislative power is vested in a senate and house of representatives, styled The General Assembly of the state of 6*

GQ MISSISSIPPI.

Mississippi. The members of the senate are elected for three years, and the representatives annually. The num- ber of the representatives cannot be less than 37, nor more than 100, as soon as the free population shall amount to 80,000. The senate cannot consist of less than one-fourth nor more than one-third, as many as there are representa- tives. The general election for the state takes place on the first Monday and Tuesday of August. The General As- sembly meets (at Jackson) annually on the first Monday in November.

Judiciary. — The Court of Chancery. Chancellor's sal- ary $2,000.

The supreme court consists of a chief justice and five associate judges — the salary of each $2,000. The state is divided into six districts, in which the judges of the su- preme court severally hold circuit courts. These courts have original jurisdiction incases vi^heretlie sum in dispute exceeds $50 ; and appellate jurisdiction from the courts of justices of the peace, where the sum exceeds $20. They have also criminal jurisdiction. The county of Adams has a separate criminal court, whose jurisdiction however, does not supersede that of the circuit court.

Every organized county has a probate court, and a coun- ty court held by three judges, of which the probate judge is the presiding justice. This court takes cognizance of offences committed by slaves, &c. The judges hold their offices during good behaviour, but not beyond the age of 65 years.

Imprisonment for debt is not allowed in this state, except in cases of a debtor who fraudulently withholds his proper- ty from his creditors.

Physical Structure. — Along the Mississippi river, at va- rious distances, there is a line of bluffs, of from 50 to 150 feet in height. The portions which are contiguous to the river, are called by different names, such as Walnut Hills, Grand-Gulf bluff's, Natchez Bluflfs, White Cliffs, and Lof- tus' Heights, &,c.

The country beyond these bluffs spreads out into a high, beautiful and fertile table-land, gently undulating and pro- ductive.

MISSISSIPPI. — MISSOURI. 67

Beyond the fertile belt of land, there stretches from south to north, and reaches eastward to the Alabama line, an extensive district of country, of various soils, but pos- sessing much that is alluvial and fertile.

The southern, middle and northern parts of this state, may be said to be beautifully undulating, with numerous ravines and streams.

In its natural state, in which almost the entire state still is, it was covered with a vast forest of oak, hickory, mag- nolia, sweet gum, ash, maple, yellow poplar ; cypress in the swampy alluvial Mississippi bottoms, pine, holly, &c. &.C., with a great variety of underwood, grape-vines, paw-paw, spice wood, «fec.

Rivers. — Mississippi, Yazoo, Tombeckbee, Yellowbusha, Buffalo, Big Black, Bayou Pierre, Homochitte, Amite, Pearl, Pascagoula, &.c.

Productions. — Cotton, tobacco, corn, sugar, the orange, fig, and fruits are abundant.

Towns. — Jackson, the capital, Natchez, Monticello, Port Gibson, Shieldsboro, Greenville, Winchester, Washington, Vicksburg, Warrenton, «fec.

Internal Improvement, — St. Francisville and Woodville Rail Road, 26 miles in length. Vicksburg and Clinton Rail Roadf length 37 miles, (proposed.)

Missisinewa, Ind. (123.)

Missouri, state of, (115,) is divided into 62 counties, and had, in 1830, a population of 140,455, including 25,091 slaves. Area, 65,500 square miles ; capital, Jefferson ; metropolis, St. Louis ; lat. 3S° 37' N., long. 13^14' E.; General election, first Monday in August, biennially ; legis- lature meet, first Monday in November, every second year ; constitution formed, 1820.

Government. — Governor, term of office four years — salary $1,500 per annum. Lieutenant governor is presi- dent of the senate.

Legislature. — The legislative power is vested in a gene- ral assembly, consisting of a senate and a house of repre- sentatives. The members of the former body are elected

68 MISSOURI,

for four years ; the members of the latter, for two years- Every county is entitled to one representative ; but the whole numbur can never exceed 100 riiembers. The sena- tors are chosen by districts. The constitutional number is not less than 14 nor n)ore than 33.

'J'he (lections for senators and represcntati-es are held biennially, and for g^overnor, and lieutenant governor, once in four years, on the first Monday in August.

The legislature meets every second year (at the city of Jefferson,) on the first Monday in November.

Judiciary. — The judicial power is vested in a supreme court, circuit courts, and such other inferior tribunals as the general assembly may, Irom time to lime, establish.

The judges are appointed by the governor, by and with the consent of the senate; and they hold their offices during good behaviour, but nut beyond the age of 65 years.

The supreme court consists of a presiding j'ldge and two associate judges; the salary of each $1,100 per an- num.

There are five circuit courts and as many judges. The salary of each Is $1,000 per annum.

P/iyHcul iitrvctme. — The surfare ofthis state is greatly dive r^ifit'd. The alluvi.il boltorns are level. In the middle part rises a hillv region, extending from St. Genevieve south-westward into Arkansas, and is the commencement of the Ozark Mountains of that territory. The northern part is undulaliiig, l)ul no where approaching what may, with propriety, he called mruiitainous. Kxtensivc^ praities stretch out on the wes-tern p.nd nortliern parts °of this stiite. Even the St. Genevieve hil's are marked with this character, and have the appeanmee, in pl..ces, of extensive uncullivated fields. The mint; nyion, which lies about 70 miles south-west of St. Louis, is hilly, and a considerable portion of the state lying south of the Mis- souri and Oiage rivers, is of the same character, and is in many places, marked with flint knobs of considerable elevation. Tlie country between the Mississippi and Mis- souri rivers is delightfully undulating and vuriagated. The

MISSOURI MOBILE.

69

prairies, which are of variable widths, are generally fertile. The Mississippi is skirted with many rich alluvial prairies, as well as extensive tracts of heavily timbered land.

Rivers. — Mississippi, Missouri, Osage, Meramec, St. Francis, White, &c.

Towns. — Jefferson, the capital, St. Louis, New Madrid, Perry ville, St. Genevieve, Alexandria, New London, Pal' myra, Hannibal, Wj^aconda, St. Charles, Florissant, Frank- lin, Booneville, Chariton, &c.

Productions. — Corn, wheat, rye, barley, buckwheat, to- bacco, hemp, cotton, and garden vegetables in great variety. The forests consist of the oak, black and white walnut, yellow poplar, ash, elm, hackberry, hickory, sugar-tree, cypress, yellow pine, cedar, &c,

Missouri R., (139.) Missouri, (163.)

Missouriton, (139.)

Mobile, Ala. (311,) the seat of justice for Mobile county, has a population of about 4,000; several handsome churches, cathedral, &c. and is a place of considerable trade.

ROUTES FROM MOBILE.

To New Orleans. Springhill, by stage, 6

Portersville, 24 30

(Thence to New Orleans by steamboat and rail- road, 123 miles.)

To Montgomery, by Stage. Taitsville, 35

Burnt Corn, 52 87

Fort Dale, 45 132

Montgomery, 48 180

To Leahesville, by Stage. Escatappa R. 28

Chickasawhay R. 20 48

Leakesville,	11 59
To Tuscaloosa,	by Stage.
Florida,	31
Dumfries,	15 46
St. Stephens,	24 70
Clarksville,	14 84
Choctawcorner,	28 112
Whitehall,	40 152
Greensboro,	25 177
Tuscaloosa,	31 208
To Tuscaloosa,	by Steam
Boat,
Fort Stoddart,	47
Dumfries,	15 62

70	MONTREAL.
St. Stephens,	31 93	Washington,	16 291
CoflcLvil e,	18 111	Montgomery,	10 301
Dcmotolis,	87 198
Eri.-,	30 228	To Pensacolo, hy	Steam
Tuscaloosa,	57 285	Bout.
		Dog R,	10
To Montgomery,	by Steam	Fowl R.,	6 16
Boat.		Fort Bowyer,	18 34
Tombeckbe R,,	51	Perdido R.,	30 64
Fort Minims,	8 59	Barancas,	15 79
Claiborne,	45 104	Pensacola,	10 89
Blark Bluff,	26 130
Canton,	50 180	To Pensacolo, hy S	taffc, Sec.
Portland,	14 194	Blakely, by Steam B. '11
Cahawba,	22 216	Bellefontaine, by
Selma,	15 231	' Stage,	26 37
Vernon,	44 275	Pensacola,	37 74

Mobile Bay, Ala. (311.) Mobile Pt., Ala. (312.) Mohawk Indians, L. C. (32.) Monks Corner, N. C. (273.) Monroe, Mich. (99.) Monroe, O. (100.) Monroe, G. (270.) Monroe, T. (209.) Montaug Pt., N. ¥.(111.) Montcalm, Mich. (72.) Montezuma, N. Y. (57.) Montezuma, Ala. (300.) Montevalo, Ala. (267.)

Montgomery, N. Y. (108.) Montgomery, T. (210.) Montgomery, Ala. (284.) Monticello, N. Y. (108.) Monticello, K, (210.) iMonticello, G. (270.) Monticello, Miss, (296.) Monticello, Ala. (301.) Monticello, F. (316.) Montpelier, capital of Ver- mont, (37.) Montpelier, Ala. (312.)

Montreal, L. C. (15,) the most populous city in British America; by the census of 1825, it contained 24,787 in- habitants; this number has greatly increased since tbat time, and now probably amounts to 30,000. The chief ob- jects of interest in and about Montreal, are " the moun- tain," new cathedral, catholic college, the barracks, hospital, baths, &c., in St. Paul's street, masonic hall, theatre, Nel.

MONTREAL.

71

son's monument, convents, seminary of St Sulpice and se- veral churches, public walks, &.c. (.See map of Montreal.)

ROUTES FROM MONTREAL.

To Quebec, by Steam Boat, (the distances by land are nmiiy the snne.) St Sulpice, by Stage, 27 La Vahrie, 5 32

La Noraye, 10 42

William Henry, 11 53 Three River, 43 96

Gentilly, 14 110

St. Anne, 15 125

Pt. a ux Trembles, 38 lb3 Quebec, 17 ItiO

To Albany, by Steam Boat

and Stage.

La Prairie, by Stage, 8

fSt. Johns, 17 25

I Isle au Noix, 9 34

I Ch.izy, 15 49

•i I PLttsburg, 14 63

eg 1 S. Hero, 8 71

P ^ Burlington, 9 80

Essex, 15 95

Bason Harbor, 9 104

Crown Pt. 12 116

Ticonderago, 14 130

WhiLehall, 23 1.53

Fort Ann, 14 167

S;,ndy Hill, 9 176

w r Fort Miller, 11 187

« ] Stillwater, 18 2i)5

«^ I Troy, 14 219

L Albany, 6 225

To Boston, by Stage, via
Burlington,	Vt.
St. Johns,	25
Phillipsburg,	23 48
Sf. Albans,	J6 64
Milton,	13 77
Burlington,	12 89
Richniond,	14 103
Montpelier,	26 129
Chelsea,	24 153
Dartmouth Col.	2.3 178
Shaker's Vil.	11 189
Andover,	22 ni
Concord, N. H.	24 235
Hookset Falls,	8 2i3
Londonderry,	19 262
Andover,	20 282
Boston,	21 303
To the Falls of Niagara, by
Steam Boat,	Sfc,
La Chine,	8
Cascades,	16 24
Lcs Cud res.	7 31
Coteau du Lac,	7 38
Lake St. Francis,	4 42
Head of ditto.	22 64
Cornwall,	6 70
liong Suut I.	10 80
Chrysler's Field,	17 97
Haniillon,	1 98
Present,	18 116
Elizabcthtown,	14 I'.iO
Kingston,	48 178
Oswego,	59 236

72

MON

NAS

Coburgf, Port Hope, Toronto, (York),

74 310 36 346 66 412

Montrose, Pa. (107.) Morristown, N. J. (134.) Mooneys, Ark. (243.) Moore, N. C. (256.) Moorfield, O. (127.) Moorfields, Va. (153.) Moosehead Lake, Me. (19.) Moscow, Mo. (162.) Moosetocmaguntic Lake,

Me. (39.) Moundville, Mich. (44.) Mount Holly, N. J. (158.) Mount Joliet, II. (94.) M'Coy, Mich. (48.) Mt. Clemen, Mich. (74.) Mt. Desert Id., Me. (41.) Mt. Maria, Pa. (107.) Mt. Pleasant, K. (211. Mt. Carmel, U. (166.) Mt. Sterling, K. (170.) Mt. Salus, Miss. (280.) Mt. Vernon, Me. (39.) Mt. Vernon, O. (126.) Mt. Vernon, II. (165.)

Nacogdoches, (292.) Nantucket, Mass. (112.) Nantucket 1., Mass. (112.) Natches, Miss. (295.)

Niagara Vil. Queenston, Falls of Niagara,

30 442 7 449 6 455

Mt. Vernon, Va. (176.) Mt. Vernon, K. (190.) Moscow, Mo. (163.) Mullins Ford, G. (251.) Munfordsville, K. (189.) Monroe, Lou. (278.) Munrows, N. C. (235.) Munsee, T., In. (123.) Murfreesboro, T. (228.) Murcellas, G. (305.) M'urphy, N. C. (215.) Muskingum R., O. (127.) Miamisport, Ind. (123.) Miami R., O. (148.) Maysville, K. (170.) Maysville, Va. (196.) Morgan, N. C. (256.) Morganfield,K. (187.) Morgantown, Va. (152.) Morgantown, K. (188.) Morgantown, N. C. (233.) Morganville, Va. (196.) Moulton, Ala. (247.)

N.

Natchitoches, Lou. (293.) Natural Bridge, Va. (195.) Natural Bridge, Va. (212.) Natural Bridge, F. (314.)

Nashville, T. (208,) the capital and most important town in Tennessee, was founded in 1784, and is a remark- ably beautiful city. Population about 8,000. The public buildings are : a court-house, market-house, college, aca- demy, baptist, presbyterian and episcopalian churches,

.1. .

NASHVILLE.

73

penitentiary, water-works by which the city is supplied with water from the Cumberland, «Scc.

ROUTES FROM NASHVILLE.

To Florence^ Al. by Stage.'	To Lexington, K. by Stage.
Franklin,	18	Haysboro,	6
Columbia,	23 41	Franklin, K.	29 35
Mt. Pleasant,	11 52	Bowlinggreen,	22 57
Lawrenceburg,	22 74	Monroe,	51 108
Florence,	41 115	New Market,	31 139
	.	Harrodsburg,	34 173
To Memphis^	by Stage.	Lexington,	29 202
Charlotte,	39
Reynoldsburg,	39 78	To New Orleans	by Steam
Huntingdon,	29 107	Boat.
Jackson,	38 145	Hillsboro,	20
Bolivar,	28 173	Clarkesville,	49 69
Sommerville,	24 197	Palmyra,	6 75
Memphis,	43 240	Dover,	32 107
	-	Eddyville,	55 162
To Knoxville,	by Stage.	Ohio River,	41 203
Lebanon,	28	America,	47 250
Alexandria,	18 46	Memphis	225 475
Liberty,	8 54	Vicksburg,	456 931
Sparta,	32 86	Natchez,	103 1034
Crab Orchard,	38 124	New Orleans,	304 1338
Kingston,	20 144
Loveville,	23 167	To Louisville, by Steam
Knoxville,	14 181	Beat.
		Ohio River, as above, 203
To Huntsville,	by Stage.	Rock Haven,	34 237
Nolensville,	17	Shawneetown,	27 264
Gideonville,	21 38	Carthage,	19 283
Farmington,	12 50	Mt. Vernon,	12 295
Fayetteville,	27 77	Hendersonville,	27 317
Hazel Green,	17 94	Rockport,	54 371
Huntsville,	12 106	Leavenworth,	86 457
		Louisville,	59 516

74

NEW HAMPSHIRE.

New Orleans . and Lake

Pontchurirain Canal, see

Louisiana, (309.) New Orleans and Pontchar-

train Rail Road, see Lou-

isiana, (309.) North West Canal, see N.

Carolina, (218.) Newcastle and Frenchtown

Rail Road, see Delaware,

(157.) Neiv Jersey Rail Road, see

New Jersey, (134.) Nash C. H., N. C. (236.) Nashua, N. H. (85.) Nauyaucau, Ala. (268.) Nelson, K. (169.) Nelson's Ferry, S. C. (273.) Neuson, S. C. (255.)

Neuse River, N. C. (23G.) New Alexandria, Pa. (129.) Newark, O. (126.) Newark, N. J. (134.) New Berhn, Pa. (131.) New Berlin, N. Y. (81.) New Bedford, Mass. (112.) Newberne, N. C. (237.) Newberry, S. C. (253.) Newburn, Va. (194.) Newburg, N. Y. (108.) Newburyport, Mass. (86.) Newburyport, Mich. (70,) New Castle, Pa. (102.) New Castle, Ind. (147.) Newcastle, K. (168.) New Castle, D. ((157.) New Columbia, Miss. (297.) Newcomers, O. (127.)

N. Geneva, Pa. (153.)

New Hampshire, (62,) is divided into eight counties. Population in 1830, 269,533. Area, 9,200 square miles. Capital, Concord. Metropolis, Portsmouth, lat. 43° 04' N. long. 6° ir E. General election, second Wednesday in March. Legislature meet, first Wednesday in June. Con- stitution formed, 1792.

Government. — Governor, salary, $ 1 ,200. Five counsel- lors, all elected annually. The legislative power is vested in a senate and house of representatives, called, jointly, the General Court. The members of both are elected an- nually by the people, on the second Tuesday in March.

Judiciary. — Supreme court, consists of one chief justice, salary 81,400, and two associate judges, $1,200 each. Court of common Pleas, chief justice $1200, and associates $1000 each.

Physical Structure. — Within twenty or twenty-five miles of the coast, the land is nearly level. In the central part of the state it becomes hilly, with an occasional moun- tain peak or spur, from the elevated region in the north. All above is mountainous, having the White Hills, Moose-

NEW HAVEN.

hillock, Monadnuc, Kearsargo, Sunapee, Ossipee, and other mountains, which impart to the entire north half of the state, a rugged and broken aspect.

Rivers. — Connecticut, Merrimac, Androscoggin, Saco, Piscataqua, &c.

Towns. — Concord, Portsmouth, Piscataqua, Exeter, Do- ver, Meredith, Amherst, Keene, Charleston, Clareniont, Haverhill, Plymouth, Lebanon, »fcc.

Productions. — Wheat, rye, corn, oats, barley, flax, stock, provisions, &.c.

Internal Improvements. — Bow Canal, near Concord, around Bow falls, three quarters of a mile long. Hookset Canal, at the Ilookset fall of Merrimac, 825 feet in length. Amoskeig Canal, at the falls of Amoskeig in the Merrimac. Union Canal, passes seven falls in the Merrimac; length, including pools, nine miles.

New Haven, O. (100.)

New Haven, C. (110,) one of the capitals of the state of Connecticut. Population, 10,180. On a large open square in the centre of the town, stands the public buildings, state- house, Yale college, and several very handsome churches. The other places worthy of attention, are, the observatory, museum, alms-house, and various factories, and the cerne- tery.

ROUTES FROM NEW HAVEN.

To New York, by Milford, Stratford, Black Rock, Southport, Saugatuck, Norwalk, Stamford, West Greenwich, Rye,

Mamaronee, W. Chester, New York,

tag	11
5	16
6	22
5	27
4	31
4	35
9	44
7	51
4	55
G	61
8	69
5	84

To New York, Boat. Black Rock,	by Steam
23
Southport,	5 28
Oldvvell,	8 36
Stamford Harb.	8 44
West Greenwich	, 8 52
New York,	35 87

To Providence, by Steam

Boat.

Faulkner's Island, 16

Connecticut River, 19 35

New London Harb. 14 4 J

7b NEW HAVEN.	NEW JERSEY.
(Thence to N. London	To Hartford, by	Stage.
4 miles.)		North Haven,	5
Point^'Judith,	35 84	Wallingford,	9 14
Newport,	14 98	IVIeriden,	4 18
Pawtuxet,	20 118	Worthington,	6 24
Providence,	5 123	Ne wing ton.	6 30
		Hartford,	6 36
To Danbury, by	Stase.
Derby,	10	To Hartford, via	Middle.
Housatonic Ferry,	3 13	town.
New StrafFord,	4 17	Norlhford,	10
Newton,	8 25	Durham,	8 18
Danbury,	9 34	Middletown,	7 25
		Stepney,	8 33
To Granby,by Canal.	Hartford,	8 41
East Plains,	6
Hamden,	2 8	To Newport, by Stage.
Cheshire,	8 16	Bran ford.	8
South ington,	G 22	Guiilord,	10 18
Farmington,	11 33	E. Guilford,	4 22
North ington,	7 40	Westbrook,	9 31
Simsbury,	7 47	Connecticut R.,	6 37
Granby,	5 52	New London,	17 54
		Mystic,	8 62
		Newport,	39 101
New Hope, Pa. (134.)	New Inlet, N. C. (239.)
New Ipswich, N. H	.(85.)	New Iberia, Lou.	(322.)

New Jersey, state of, (134,) is divided into 16 counties. Population in 1830, 320,779, including 2,446 slaves. Area, 7,500 square miles. Capital, Trenton ; Metropolis, New- ark, lat. 40° 44' N., long, 2° 45' £. General election, se- cond Tuesday in October. Legislature meets, fourth Tuesday in October. Constitution formed, 1776.

Government. — Governor, chosen annually, by a joint vote of the council and assembly; salary, $2,000 per annum ; he is president of the council. The governor, in conjunction with the council, form a court of appeals. Legislature is composed of a legislative council, consisting of 14 members,

i

NEW JERSEY.

77

and general assembly 50 members ; ths members of bota houses are elected annually.

Judiciary. — Supreme court, composed of a chief justice, salary $1200 per annum, and two associate judges, $1100 per annum each. The judges are appointed by the legisla- ture ; those of the supreme court for a term of seven years, and those of the inferior courts for five years.

Physical Structure.— AW that part of the state which lies south of a hne extending from Bordentown to Amboy, is level, partly composed of sea sand, which is entirely des- titute of vegetation. Immediately north of this line, an .improvement in the surface and general character of the soil becomes visible ; hills appear in rapid succession, form- ing steps up to the elevated region in Morris and Sussex counties. These, and the adjoining counties, are much bro- ken by the ridges of the Allegheny mountains, which in- tersect this part of the state, ranging in a direction from north-east to south-west.

Rivers. — Delaware, Hudson, Passaic, Raritan, Millstone, Hackensack, Schencks, G. Egg Harbor, L. Egg Harbor, Maurice, Rancocus, Musconecung, Pawlings, &c.

Productions. — Wheat, rye, corn, buckwheat, &c.

Towns. — Newark, Paterson, New Brunswick, Trenton, Elizabethtown, Belvedere, Bridgetown, Salem, Camden, Mount Holly, Perth Amboy, Morristown, &c.

Internal Improvements. — Delaware and Raritan Canal, commences at Bordentown, and extends through Trenton, and along the valleys of the Millstone and Raritan, to New Brunswick. Length 43 miles. A navigable feeder 24 miles long has been constructed along the east bank of the Delaware, intersecting the main trunk in the city of Tren- ton.— Morris Canal, commences at Jersey City, opposite New York, and terminates on the Delaware at Phillips- burg, opposite Easton. Length 101 miles. — Salem Canal, extends from Salem creek to the Delaware. Length, four miles. — Manasquam and Barnegat Canal, (proposed). — Washington Canal, cuts off a considerable bend in Mano- lapan creek, and lessens the distance from Washington to the Raritan river. Length, one mile. — Camden and Amboy Rail Road, commences at Camden, opposite Philadel 7*

78

NEW ORLEANS.

phia, and terminates at South Amboy. Length 61 miles.— Fatersen and Hudson River Rail Road, from Jersey city opposite New York, to Paterson, on the Passiac. Length, 16 30-100 miles. It is proposed to extend this road to the Morris canal. New Jersey Rail Road, commences on the last mentioned rail road, about two miles from Jersey City and terminates at New Brunswick ; length, 28 miles. New Echota, G. (249.) New Milford, Con. (109.)

New London, Con. (110.) Newmarket, Va. (175.) New London, Mo. (141.) New Madrid, Mo. (205.)

New Lexington, Ind. (168.) New Mexico, Miss. (279.)

New Lisbon, O. (128.) New Lebanon, N. C. (218.)

New Portland, M. (39.) New Richmond, O. (150.)

New Orleans, L. (324,) the great commercial emporium of the Mississippi valley, was /ounded in 1719, and has about 60,000 inhabitants. The chief objects of interest are the cathedral in Chartres street. College in St. Cloude street, Ursuline Convent in Ursuline street, Orleans theatre St. Anne street, theatre of St. Philip in St. Philip street, City Hall, Conde street, churches, alms-house, &c. Five miles below the centre of the city is the ground, rendered memorable by the battle of the 8th of January, 1815.

ROUTES FROM NEW ORLEANS.

To Louisville by Steam Boat.	St. Francisville and
Arnauds Point,	13	Pt. Coupee,	10 159
Red Church,	9 22	Tunica,	27 186
Destretchens Pt.	12 34	Red River,	22 208
Bonnet Q. Bend,	2 36	Fort Adams,	9 217
B. Quarre Church,	5 41	Homochitto R.	10 227
Cantrels Do.	19 60	White Cliffs,	27 254
Bringiers,	8 68	Natchez,	17 271
Hamptons,	5 73	Coles Creek,	22 293
Donaldsonvillc,	5 78	Rodney,	19 312
St. Gabriels,	24 102	Bruinsburg,	4 316
Plaquemine,	6 108	Grand Gulf, and
Baton Rogue,	18 126	Big Blaek River,	14 330
Thomas Pt.	11 137	Pt. Pleasant,	10 340
Thompsons Cr.	12 149	Palmyra,	13 353

ROUTES FROM NEW ORLEANS.

79

Warrenlon,	14	367	Leavenworth,	33 1233
Vicksburg-,	10	377	Northampton,	17 1250
Yazoo River,	12	389	Louisville,	42 1292
Tompkins,	32	421	(For continuation to Cin-
Providence,	26	447	cinnati, Pittsburg, &c.
Princeton,	8	455	See "Louisville.")
Old River,	48	503
Pt. Chicot,	12	515	To St. Louis, by Steam
Arkansas River,	59	574	Boat.
White R.	9	583	Mouth of Ohio, as	above, 921
Helena,	60	643	Tyawappita B.	29 950
St. Francis I.	14	657	Cape Girardeau,	13 963
35° N. Lat.	48	705	Bainbridge,	9 972
Noucona R.	10	715	Muddy R.	13 985
Memphis,	4	719	Kaskaskia R.	31 1016
Greenock,	12	731	St Genevieve,	17 1033
3rd Chickasaw BIufF,		Chartier I.	11 1044
	18	749	Herculaneum,	19 1063
Randolph,	12	761	Maramec R.	11 1074
Fulton,	6	767	Carondelet,	12 1086
PJum Pt.	11	778	St. Louis,	6 1090
Needhams Cut-ofF, 26	804
Little Prairie,	20	824	To Balize and Gulf of
Riddle's Pt.	23	847	Mexico by Steam
New Madrid,	13	860	Boat.
Mills Pt.	28	888	Battle Ground,	5
Columbus,	16	904	English Turn,	6 11
Mouth of Ohio,	17	921	Fort St. Leon,	5 16
America,	11	932	Poverty Pt.	18 34
Tennessee R.	36	968	Grand Prairie,	27 61
Cumberland R.	11	979	Fort St. Philip,	9 70
Rock Cave,	41	1020	S. W. Pass,	9 79
Shawneetown,	20 1040	South Pass,	2 81
Carthage,	19	1059	Pass a' Loutre,	2 83
Mt. Vernon,	12 1071	Balize,	4 87
Hendersonville,	22	]093	Gulf,	5 92
Evansville,	11	1104
Owensburg,	35 1139	To Natchitoches,	by Steam
Rockport,	8 1147	Boat.
Stephensport,	53 1200	Red River, as above, 208

80

ROUTES FROM NEW ORLEANS.

Ouachita,	36 344	To Natchez
Bayou Saline,	20 264	Madisonville, by St. Bt. 32
Alexandria,	54 318	Liberty, by Stage,	69 101
Bayou Cane,	60 378	Natchez,	50 151
Natchitoches,	24 402
		To Berwick^s Bay, and
To Little Rock, by	Steam	thence to Opelousas.
Boat.		Donaldsonville,	78
Arkansas R. as above 574	Veret Canal,	14 92
Arkansas,	27 601	S. end Canal,	7 99
Harrington's,	43 644	Lake Palourde,	13 112
Vaugines,	23 667	Berwick's Bay,	10 122
Little Rock,	81 748	Franklin,	21 143
		Fausse Pt.	27 170
To Mobile by Steam Boat	St. Martinsville,	8 178
and Stage.		Opelousas,	36 214
L. Ponchartrain, by
Rail Road,	5	To Nashville, by Stage, via
	' PtAux Herbes	15 20	Florence, Ala.
	Ft. Coquilles,	7 27	L. Ponchartrain,	5
	L. Borgne,	11 38	Madisonville,	27 32
^	Grand Island,	9 47	Covington,	7 39
o	St. Josephs Isl.	4 51	Jacksonville,	33 72
"^ -	W. Marianne,	6 57	Columbia,	30 102
1	E. Marianne,	5 62	Ellisville,	48 150
OQ	Cat Island,	10 72	Old Church,	47 197
Deer Island,	17 89	Koomsha,	45 242
	Krebsville Har	18 107	Columbus,	68 310
	. Portersville,	16 123	Pikeville,	64 374
Mobile, by stage,	30 153	Russelville,	30 404
		Florence,	22 426
To St. Stephens, by	Stage.	Lawrenceburg,	41 467
Madisonville,	32	Mt. Pleasant,	22 489
Jacksonville,	40 72	Columbia,	11 500
Leakesville,	66 138	Franklin,	23 523
Chiekasawhay R.	17 155	Nashville,	18 541
St.	Stephens,	24 179

N. Philadelphia, O. (127.) Newport, N. Y. (55.)

NEW YORK.

81

Newport, N. H. (61.) Newtown, Mich. (48.)

Newport, Ind. (145.) Newtown, N. Y. (80.)

Newport, R. 1. (1 1 1 .) Newtown, N. J. ( 1 08.)

Newport, Mo. (162.) Newtown, II. (143.)

Newport, O. (151.) Newville, Pa. (131.)

Newport, T. (231.) New York, Va. (175.) N. Paltz, N. Y. (108.)

New York, state of, (78,) is divided into 56 counties. Population in 1830, 1,913,508, including 46 slaves. Area, 49,000 square miles. Capital, Albany ; metropolis. New York ; lat. 40^ 43' N., long., 2° 55' £.; general election at such time in October or November, as the legislature may- provide. Legislature meet, first Tuesday in January ; Con- stitulion formed, 1821.

Government. — Governor, term of office two years, salary, $4,000. Lieutenant-governor and president of the senate, pay, $6 a day during the session. Legislature — senate con- sisting of 32 members, who are elected for four years, one- fourth being chosen annually. House of representatives, consists of 128 members, elected annually.

Judiciary. — Court of chancery, one chancellor, $,2000 per annum ; register, &c. The eight circuit judges are vice- chancellors for their respective circuits. Supreme court — chief justice, $2,000 a year, and tv/o associate judges, each $2,000 per annum. There are eight circuit courts, with eight judges, salary of each, $1,250. Supreme court of the city of New York, chief justice and two associate judges, pay of each, $2,500 per annum.

Physical Structure. — The eastern part of the state is greatly diversified ; the Allegheny mountains pass through this section about 70 miles above the city of New York, cross the Hudson below Newburg, and pass in a north-east direction into the state of Massachusetts. Somewhat farther north, the Catskill mountains may be seen in the distance ; these are the most elevated mountains in the state. There are mountains of great elevation west of Lake Champlain, some of which are 3000 feet above the lake. The western part of the state is merely undulating, being entirely des- titute of such mo'ontains as mark its eastern section.

82

NEW YORK.

Rivers. — Hudson, St. Lawrence, Mohawk, Delaware, Susquehanna, Allegheny, Genesee, Oswego, Black, Oswe- galchie, Raquette, Saranac, &.c.

Productions. — Wheat, corn, rye, oats, flax, hemp, several kinds of grasses, vegetable and fruit. Iron is found in great abundance, gypsum, limestone, marble, slate, and lead occur in many places. In the centre of the state, salt is made in immense quantities. The mineral springs of New York are well known, the chief of which, those at Sara- toga, are resorted to by people from all quarters.

Cities and Towns. — New York, (city); Albany, the capital, Troy, Utica, Rochester, Buffalo, Schenectady, Hud- son, Newburg, Poughkeepsie, Catskill, together with a large number of incorporated villages, and others not in- corporated, having names different from their respective townships.

Internal Improvements. — Erie Canal, from Albany to Buffalo, length, 363 miles. — Champlain Canal, from the Erie Canal to Whitehall, length, 72 miles. — Hudson and Delaware Canal, from Hudson river near Kingston, to the mouth of the Lackawaxen, length, 82^ miles. — Oswego Canal, from Salina, to Oswego, length 38 miles. — Seneca Canal, from Montezuma to Geneva, length 20 miles. — • Chemung Canal, from Ehnyra to Seneca Lake, length 31 miles. — Crooked Lake Canal, from Penyan to Seneca Lake, 7 miles. — Tonnewanta Canal, from the Erie Canal, near Wrightsville, to Tonnawanta creek, length 13 miles. Harlaem Canal, on Manhattan Island, from the Hudson to East river, length 1| miles.

Proposed Canals. — Chenango Canal, from Binghampton to Erie Canal, length 93 miles. — Black River Canal, from Rome to the falls of Black river, 40 miles. — Sodus Canal, from Sodus Bay, to Seneca river, Sec. &c.

Rail Roads. — Mohawk and Hudson Rail Road, from Albany to Schenectady, 16 miles. — Schenectady and Sara- toga Rail Road, from Schenectady to Saratoga Springs, 20 miles, — Catskill and C ana joharie Rail Road, from Catskill to Canajoharie, (now in progress,) 70 miles, — Ithaca and Owego Rail Road, 29 miles. — Harlaem Rail Road, on Manhattan Island. — Rochester Rail Road, (now in pro-

NEW YORK. 83

gress,) from Rochester to a point below the falls of Gene- see.— Schenectady and Utica Rail Road, (now in progress,) length, 80 miles. — Bath Rail road, from Bath to Crooked Lake, 5 miles. — Rochester and Batavia Rail Road, (in pro- gress,) 28 miles. — Troy and Ballsion Rail Road, (in pro- gress,) 22 miles. Several other rail roads are proposed in various parts of the state.

New York city, (134.) The commercial emporium of the United States, and metropolis of the state of JNew York, is situated at the point of junction of the Hudson and East rivers ; in N. lat. 40° 42' and E. long. 0° 55' 30" from Washington. The city proper, or that portion where the population is mostly concentrated, occupies the southern quarter of Manhattan island, the whole of which, including Harlaem, Yorkville, and some other villages, is under the jurisdiction of the city corporation, and is identical with the county of New York. 'I"he city, together with the suburbs just mentioned, contained in 1830, upwards of 30,000 buildings, and 213,470 inhabitants. The population at this time (1837) may be estimated at 288,000. The dense- ly settled part of the island, or what is called " the city," has an outline of 50,000 feet or ten miles, nearly. Its prin- cipal streets are Broadway, in which most of the retail business is transacted, Greenwich street. Pearl street, Broad, Wall and Chatham sts., the Bowery, Maiden-Lane, &c. &.C.

The public buildings, and objects of curiosity, are the city hall, in the park, exchange buildings* in Wall street, college, hospital, and Clinton hall, in Broadway ; battery, castle garden, N. Y. Institution, academy of fine arts, alms-house, three theatres, medical college, baths, rooms of the National Academy of Design, masonic hall, in Broad- way, house of refuge, orphan's asylum, lunatic asylum, be- sides many others, and about 100 churches, some of which are very splendid and capacious.

The city government consists of a mayor, ten aldermen, and ten assistants, with an able and effective body of police officers. Steam boats, packets and stages, arrive at

* Since tbe first edition of tiiis work was issued, the Exchange, together with 700 other buildings, have been destroyed by fire.

84

NEW YORK.

and depart from the city, at almost every hour, and for every part of the United States.

ROUTES FROM NEW YORK.

To Albany, by Steam Boat.	Rhinebeck,	1 90
Fort Gansewort,	2	Redhook, L. L.	6 96
Hamilton's Monument, 2 4	Glasgow,	3 99
Manhattanville,	3 7	Redhook, U. L.	1 100
Fort Lee,	3 10	Saugerties,	1 101
Spuyten Duyvel Cr.	2 12	Bristol,	1 102
Phillipsburg,	4 16	Catskill,	9 111
Dobb's Ferry,	6 22	(Thence to Pine Orchard,
Tappan Landing,	3 25	14 miles.)
Tarry town.	1 26	Hudson and Athens	5 116
Nyack, on Tappan sea, 3 29	Columbiaville,	5 121
Sparta & State Prisor	1, 3 32	Coxackie,	3 124
Tellers Point,	2 34	Kinderhook Landing, 1 125
Haverstraw & Croton, 1 35	New Baltimore,	5 130
Stony Point,	3 38	Coeymans,	2 132
Ver planks Point,	1 39	Schodack,	2 134
Peekskill,	2 41	Castleton,	1 135
St. Anthony's nose.	2 43	Albany,	10 145
Fort Clinton,	1 44	For routes from Albany,
West Point,	7 51	see article " Albany."
1- bo	Crows Nest Mt. Butter Hill, Caldwell, Canterbury,	4 55 1 56 1 57 1 58	The stage route from N. York to Albany, does not diifer materially from the above.
New Windsor,	1 59	To Boston, by Steam Boat.
Newburg, West side.	U 61	Newtown Creek,	4
Fiskill landing, E. S.	Hell Gate,	5 9
Hamburg,	6 67	Flushing Bay,	4 13
Hampton,	1 68	Frogs Point,	3 16
Barnegat,	2 70	Cow Neck,	2 18
Poukeepsie,	5 75	New Rochelle L.	6 24
Hyde Park,	5 80	West Greenwich,	11 35
Pelham,	3 83	Stamford,	8 43
Wa	Ikill Cr.	6 89	Oidwell,	8 51

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NEW YORK.

85

Southport, 8 59

Black rock, 5 64

Stratford Point, 7 71

New Haven harb., 12 83 (Thence to N. Haven,

4 miles.)

Falkners Is. 12 95

Hammonasset Pt., 8 103

Connecticut River, 11 ll4

Nevsr London harb., 14 128 (Thence to N. London,

4 miles,)

Fishers Is., 5 133

Point Judith, 30 163 Beaver Tail, (Narra-

ganset bay,) 9 172

Newport, 5 177

Bristol Harb., 10 187

Pawtuxet, 10 197

Providence, 5 202

Boston, by land, 43 245

To Philadelphia, via South Amboij, Sfc. f Castle Williams, Bedlow's Is. Kills,

Ryers ferry, Newark bay, Elizabethtown pt, RaRway river, Perth Amboy, South Amboy, . CSpotswood, 1 I West's, ^ \ Rocky Brook, "3 I Centre ville, ^ 1^ Bordentown, P5 \ Bristol, ^ f Burlington,

1 2 5

7 8 12 16 25 27 36 40

8 48 4 52

9 61 10 71

1 72

^ ^ Point no point, 14 86 S } Philadelphia, 5 91

To Philadelphia, via New Brunswick, Sfc. Perth Amboy, S. Bt. 25

New Brunswick, " 12 37 o t Kingston, 14 51

rt < Prniceton, 3 54

^ ( Trenton, 10 64

£ \ Bordentown, 6 70 ^ } Philadelphia, 30 100

To Philadelphia, by Newark, Elizabethtown, Rahway, New Brunswick, Kingston, Princeton, Trenton, Bristol, Holrasburg, Frankford, Philadelphia,

Stavre.

10

6 16

5 21

13 34

13 47

3 50

10 60

11 71 11 82

4 86

5 91

To Easton, Pa. by Stage. Newark, 10

Morristown, 19 29

Chester, 13 42

Schooley's mt. Springs, 8 50 Mansfield, 11 61

Easton, 15 76

To Ithaca, N. Y.

Newark, 10

Pompton, 21 31

Snufflown, 12 43

Deckerlown, 12 55

Milford, 17 72 8

^6 NEW YORK. — NIAGARA FALLS.
Wilsonsville,	24 96	Fairfield,	3 58
Rixes Gap, Pa.	15 HI	Bridgeport,	4 62
Montrose,	34 145	Stamford,	4 66
pi S Owego, P4 } Ithaca,	32 177	Milford,	5 71
30 207	New Haven,	11 82
To New H'wen,	Conn.,	To Montavk PL,	by Stage.
by Stage.		Jamaica,	11
West Chester,	15	Dix Hills,	18 29
Mamaronec,	8 23	Smithtown,	11 40
Rye,	6 29	Carman,	18 58
West Greenwich,	2 21	Morriches,	10 68
Stamford,	7 38	Quag,	9 77
Norwalk,	9 47	S. Hampton,	. 14 91
Saugatuck,	4 51	B. Hampton,	7 98
Southport,	4 55	Montauk Ft.	23 121

Niagara, U. C. (54.)

Niagara Falls, N. Y. (54.) This stupendous and une- quailed work of nature, is formed by a ridge of lime-stone rocks, which is here broken and torn asunder by the waters from the great lakes above. This ridge, as it is improperly called, is a mere shelf, or a succession of steps, from the basin of lake Ontario, up to that of Erie, the difference of level being about 334 feet. The elevation of the great cat- aract from its brow at the crescent, to the surface of the strait is 158 feet, hence it will be seen that the rapids above the falls have a greater actual descent than the falls them- selves. The rapids commence near the Burning Spring, about a mile above the precipice.

The inclination of the plane over which the waters pass, increases as it approaches the chute, and thus augments the velocity of the current and the turbulence of its trou- bled waters. No spectacle can be more sublime, than is presented by the great falls, when viewed in connection with the rapids above. The high grounds, in the rear of Forsyth's hotel, afford such a view.

In addition to the falls, there are several interesting ob- jects in their vicinity, which deserve attention ; among them may be mentioned the Burning Spring, near the outlet

NIAGARA. NORTH CAROLINA.

87

of Chippawa creek ; whirlpool, two miles below the falls ; the bridge and platform at Goat Island ; the sorcerer's cave just below the falls ; mineral spring, ^ mile below ; the battle fields of Chippewa, Lundy's lane, and Queenston, Brock's inoiiument, VVelland canal, and the vilhiges of Chippewa, Manchester, Lewistown, Queenston, Tuscarora Indians, &c. ROUTES FROM NIAGARA.

To Montrenl, via Lake Onta-	1 To Rochester, by Stage.
rio, liy Steam Boat, S^c. \	Lewistown,	7
Queenston,	6|	Cambria,	15 22
Niagara Vil.,	7 13	Hartland,	11 33
Toronto, (York,)	30 43	Oak Orchard,	14 47
Port Hope,	66 109	Gainesville,	7 54
Coburg,	36 145	Clarkson,	16 69
Oswego,	74 219 ;	Parma,	7 76
Duck's Isld.,	23 242	Rochester,	11 87
Kingston,	35 277
Elizabethtown,	48 325	To Buffalo, by Stage, Cana-
Prescot,	14 339 j	da side.
Hamilton,	18 357	Chippawa,	2
Long Saut I.,	18 375	Waterloo,	15 17
Cornwall,	10 385	Black rock,	1 18
Lake St. Francis,	6 391	Buftalo,	1 19
Foot of do.	22 413 I
Coteau du Lac,	4 417	To Buffalo, Am.	side.
Les Cedres,	7 424	Schlosser,	2
Cascades,	7 431	Tonne vvanta.	10 12
LaCnine,	16 447	Black rock.	8 20
Montreal,	8 455	buffalo.	1 21

Nicholasburg, Pa (129.) Nicholasville, K. (190.) Nickojack, G. (249.) Noblesboro, Pa. (128.) Noblesville, Ind. (123.) Norfolk, Va. (218.) Norridgewock, Mc. (40.)

Norristown, Pa. (133.) Northampton, Mass. (84.) Northampton C. H., Va.

(199.) Northfleld, Mass. (84.) Northwood, N. H. (62.) Northumberland, Pa. (132.)

North Carolina, state of, (232,) is divided into 65 coun- ties. Population in 1830, 738,470, including 246,462 slaves.

88 NORTH CAROLINA.

Area, 49,500 square miles; capital, Raleigh; metropolis, Newburn, in N. Lat. 35° 06', Long. 0° 6'. General elec- lion, no fixed day. Constitution formed, 1776.

Government. — Governor, term of office, one year, salary $2,000 ; executive council of 7 members ; state treasurer, $1,500. Secretary of state, $800 and fees ; attorney gene- ral.

Judiciary. — Supreme court, composed of a chief justice, salary $2,500, and two associate judges, each $2,500, per annum. Circuit court consists of two judges. All the judges are appointed by a joint vote of the senate and house of commons. The members of these bodies are elected annually by the people.

Physical Structure. — The state of N. Carolina presents almost every variety of surface. In the east, we find im- mense flats of sea-sand marsh, swamp, and other alluvious matter, but little elevated above their common parent, the Atlantic ocean. In the centre, hills of nearly all sizes and heights present themselves. These increase in magnitude and number in approaching the western section of the state, which is in every respect a mountain region. Some of the most elevated peaks of the Allegheny system, occur in the counties of Macon, Buncombe, Haywood, Yancy, &c.

Rivers. — Meherrin, Roanoke, Tar, Pamplico, Neuse, Cape Fear, Lumber, Yadkin, Catawba, Tennessee, French, Broad, &c.

Productions. — Cotton, rice, wheat, corn, tobacco, tar, pitch, turpentine, lumber, and recently gold.

Towns. — Raleigh the capital ; Newburn, Salisbury, Wil- mington, Fayetteville, Edenton, Salem, Charlotte, Hillsboro, HaUfax, Milton, «&,c.

Internal Improvements. — Dismal Swamp Canal, (see Virginia.) Lake Drummond Canal, a navigable feeder of the preceding, it extends from lake Drummond to the sum- mit level of the Dismal Swamp Canal, length 5 miles. North West Canal, connects N. W. river with the Dismal Swamp Canal, length 6 miles. Weldon Canal, forms the commencement of the Roanoke Navigation. It extends around the falls of Roanoke above the towns of Welden and Blakely, length 12 miles. Clubfoot and Harlow Canal^

NORTH CAROLINA OHIO. 89

extends frotn the head waters of Clubfoot to those of Har- low crc;;k, near Beaufort, leng-th 1 1 miles. The navigation of the Roanoke from the Weldon Canal, to the town of Sa- lem in Virginia, a distance of 232 miles. The Cape Fear, the Yadkin, the Tar, New and Catawba rivers have been greatly improved by joint stock companies. Rail Roads^ are projected to extend from Fayettcville to Cape Fear river ; from Wilmington through Fayettcville and Salis- bury to Beattysford on theCatawaba, a distance of 250 ms.: and several others. (For an account of the Rail Road ex- tending from Blakely to Petersburg and Norfolk, respec- tively, see Virginia.)

Norton, O. (125.) Norwich, Conn. (110.)

Norway, N. Y. (59.) Nottoway, Va. (196.)

Norwich, N. Y. (81.) Nunen, G. (269.)

O.

Oakfuskee, Ala. (285.) Oconee R., G. (288.)

Oakfuscoonene, G. (285.) Ocmulgee R., G. (303.)

Obion R., T. (205.) Oewooha, Ala. (284.)

Occacock Inlet, N. C. (239.) Ogdensburg, N. Y. (34.)

Ocklawaha R., F. (329.) Ohio R., Pa. (128.)

Oconee Station, S. C. (252.) Ohio R., K. (168.)

Ohio, state of, (171,) is divided into 74 counties; popula- tion in 1830, 937,903. Area, 39,750 square miles. Capi- tal, Columbus ; metropolis, Cincinnati, in Lat. 39° 06' N. Long. 7° 31', W. General election second Tuesday in Oc- tober. Legislature meets first Monday in December, Con- stitution formed in 1 802.

Government. — Governor, term of office two years, salary $1,200; secretary of state ; treasurer, and auditor. Senate consists of 36 members, elected biennially ; house of repre- sentatives consists of 72 member?, elected annually.

Judiciary. — Supreme court consists of a chief judge and three associate judges — salary, $1,200 each. Courts of Common Pleas. I'he state is divided into 9 districts, in each of which there is a presiding judge, salary $1000 ; and two associates in each county, who receive each $2 50 per day, during their attendance at court. 8*

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88

NORTH CAROLINA.

Area, 49,500 square miles ; capital, Raleigh ; metropolis, Newburn, in N. Lat. 35° 06', Long. 0° 6'. General elec tion, no fixed day. Constitution formed, 1776.

Government. — Governor, term of office, one year, salary $2,000 ; executive council of 7 members ; state treasurer, $1,500. Secretary of state, $800 and fees ; attorney gene- ral.

Judiciary. — Supreme court, composed of a chief justice, salary $2,500, and two associate judges, each $2,500, per annum. Circuit court consists of two judges. All the judges are appointed by a joint vote of the senate and house of commons. The members of these bodies are elected annually by the people.

Physical Structure. — The state of N. Carolina presents almost every variety of surface.. In the east, we find im- mense flats of sea-sand marsh, swamp, and other alluvious matter, but little elevated above their common parent, the Atlantic ocean. In the centre, hills of nearly all sizes and heights present themselves. These increase in magnitude and number in approaching the western section of the state, which is in every respect a mountain region. Some of the most elevated peaks of the Allegheny system, occur in the counties of Macon, Buncombe, Haywood, Yancy, &c.

Rivers. — Meherrin, Roanoke, Tar, Pamplico, Neuse, Cape Fear, Lumber, Yadkin, Catawba, Tennessee, French, Broad, &c.

Productions. — Cotton, rice, wheat, corn, tobacco, tar, pitch, turpentine, lumber, and recently gold.

Towns. — Raleigh the capital ; Newburn, Salisbury, Wil- mington, Fayetteville, Edenton, Salem, Charlotte, Hillsboro, Hahfax, Milton, &c.

Internal Improvements. — Dismal Swamp Canal, (see Virginia.) Lake Drummond Canal, a navigable feeder of the preceding, it extends from lake Drummond to the sum- mit level of the Dismal Swamp Canal, length 5 miles. North West Canal, connects N. W. river with the Dismal Swamp Canal, length 6 miles. Weldon Canal, forms the commencement of the Roanoke Navigation. It extends around the falls of Roanoke above the towns of Welden and Blakely, length 12 miles. Clubfoot and Harlow Canal^

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NORTH CAROLINA OHIO.

89

extends from the head waters of Clubfoot to those of Har- low crc;;k, near Beaufort, length 1 1 miles. The navigation of the Roanoke from the Weldon Canal, to the town of Sa- lem in Virginia, a distance of 23:2 miles. The Cape Fear, the Yadkin, the Tar, New and Catawba rivers have been greatly improved by joint stock companies. Rail RorjdSy are projected to extend from Fayettcville to Cape Fear river ; from Wilmington through Fayettcville and Salis- bury to Beattysford on the Catawaba, a distance of 250 ms.: and several others. (For an account of the Rail Road ex- tending from Blakely to Petersburg and Norfolk, respec- tively, see Virginia.)

Norton, O. (125.) Norwich, Conn. (110.)

Norway, N. Y. (59.) Nottowav, Va. (196.)

Norwich, N. Y. (81.) Nunen, G. (269.)

O.

Oakfuskee, Ala. (285.) Oakfuscoonene, G. (285.) Obion R., T. (205.) Occacock Inlet, N. C. (239.) Ocklawaha R., F. (329.) Oconee Station, S. C. (252.)

Oconee R., G. (288.) Ocmulgee R., G. (303.) Oewooha, Ala. (284.) Ogdensburg, N. Y. (34.) Ohio R., Fa. (128.) Ohio R., K. (168.)

Ohio, state of, (171,) is divided into 74 counties; popula- tion in 1830, 937,903. Area, 39,750 square miles. Capi- tal, Columbus ; metropolis, Cincinnati, in Lat. 39° 06' N. Long. 7° 31', W. General election second Tuesday in Oc- tober. Legislature meets first Monday in December, Con- stitution formed in 1 802.

Government. — Governor, term of office two years, salary Sl,200; secretary of state ; treasurer, and auditor. Senate consists of 36 members, elected biennially ; house of repre- sentatives consists of 72 member?, elected annually.

Judiciary. — Supreme court consists of a chief judge and three associate judges — salary, $1,200 each. Courts of Common Fleas. The state is divided into 9 districts, in each of which there is a presiding judge, salary $1000 ; and two associates in each county, who receive each $2 50 per day, during their attendance at court. 8*

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All the judges of the supreme court and the courts of common pleas are elected by the house of representatives for the term of 7 years. The supreme court sits once a year in each county, and the court of common pleas three times a year. The only capital crime in Ohio is murder in the first degree. There is no imsrisonment for debt, except in cases of fraudulent withholding- of property.

Physical Structure. — The eastern part of the state which borders on Pennsylvania is hilly, but gradually becomes more level as you advance westward. Along the whole course of the Ohio river, there is, in this state, a strip of land, of from 10 to 15 miles, and in some places more, in width, which is broken and hilly. These hills, especially in the immediate vicinity of the river, are very high and often of quite a mountainous aspect.

The western half of the state is in general remarkably level. On the immediate borders of Indiana, it is so much so, as to assume a very monotonous appearance. Tlie cen- tral parts of the state, from the neighbourhood of the Ohio river up to lake Erie, may be compared, as it regards level character, not with entire accuracy, to the country around Philadelphia, or rather that portion of Pennsylvania which is seen by the traveller as he passes from that city to Lan- caster, by the main turnpike road.

Rivers. — Ohio, Mahoning, Little Beaver, Muskingum, Hocking, Scioto, Little Miami, Great Miami, Maumee, Portage, Cuyahoga, Grand, Ashtabula, &c.

Productions. — Wheat, rye, oats, buckwheat, Indian corn, garden vegetables and fruits, are produced in great abun- dance.

Towns. — Cincinnati, Columbus, Ripley, Portsmouth, Ma- rietta, New Lisbon, Canton, Wooster, Massillon, New Phil- adelphia, Coshocton, Newark, Zanesville, Lancaster, Chilli- cothe, Circleville, Dayton, Springfield, St. Clairsville, Hihs- boro, Ravenna, Athens, and many others.

Internal Improvements. — Ohio and Erie Canal, extends from Portsmouth on the Ohio River, to Cleveland on Lake Erie, length 307 miles. Miami Canal, from Cincinnati to Dayton, 68 miles, the extension of this canal to the Maumee is in progress. Columbus Canal, from the Ohio and Erie

OHIO.

PAT

91

Canal, to Columbus, 10 miles. Lancaster Canal, from the Ohio and Erie Canal, to Lancaster, 9 miles.

Ohio and Erie Canal,

see Ohio, (171.) Old Agency, Miss. (282.) Oneida L., N. Y. (57.) Onslow, N. C. (257.) Onslow bay, N. C. (257.) Opelousas, Lou. (307.) Opilacloy, F. (329.) Orange, C. H., Va. (175.) Orangeburg, S. C. (273.) Orwigsburg, Pa. (132.) Osage, Mo. (162.) Osborn, Va. (197.) Ossipee, N. H. (62.) Ossabaw Sound, G. (305.) Oswego, N. Y. (57.) Oswego Ca'Z, see N.Y. (57,

Ottowa, or Grand R., L. C.

(13.) Ottsville, Pa. (133.) Ovid, II. (185.) Ovid, N. Y. (80.) Owego, N. Y. (80.) Owenton, K. (169.) Owenboro, K. (187.) Owingsville, K. (170.) Oxford, N.H. (61.) Oxford, N. Y. (81.) Oxford, II. (166.) Oxford, N.C. (216.) Oxford Rail R., see Pa.

(156.) Oyster bay, N. Y. (135.)

Painesville, O. (101.) Painesville, Va. (196.) Painted Post, N. Y. (79.) Palatine, N. Y. (59.) Palestine, II. (145.) Palestine, Ind. (167.) Palermo, Me. (40.) Pallachuchee, Ala, (285.) Palmyra, Me. (40.) Palmyra, N. Y. (56.) Palmyra, Mo. (141.) Palmyra, Miss. (279.) Paoli, Ind. (167.) Pamlico Sound, N. C. (238.) Pamlico R., N. C. (238.) ^ Papakunk, N. Y. (82.) Paris, K. (169.) Paris, Me. (39.) Paris, T. (206.)

Parkman, O. (101.) Parker, N.C. (218.) Parkers, S. C. (210.) Parkers, Miss. (264.) Parkersburg, Va. (151.) Parrishville, N. Y. (35.) Parryville, II. (164.) Parrots, S. C. (254.) Parsonfield, Me. (63.) Pascagoola R., Miss. (311.) Pascagoola Bay, Miss. (311.) Pass Marian, Lou. (311.) Paterson and Hudson river R. Road, see N. J. (134.) Patterson, N. Y. (109.) Paterson, N. J. (134.) Patesville, K. (188.) Pattonsburg, Va. (195.)

92 PAT PENNSYLVANIA.

Palton, N. C. (236.) Pellicers, Fl. (330.)

Paictucket Canal, see Mass. Pembroke, Mass. (86.)

(85.) Pcmmaquid Pt. Me. (64.)

Peaces, Ala. (248.) Pennsboro, Pa. (lOG.)

Pearl R. Miss. (296.) Penobscot R., Me. (2,').)

Pearlington, Miss. (310.) Penobscot Bay, Me. (64.)

Peedee R., S. C. (255.) Pensacola, F. (312.)

Peekskill, N. Y. (109.) Pensacola Bay, F. (312.)

Pennsylvania, state of, (132,) is divided into 52 counties. Population, 1,347,672, including 386 slaves. Area, 47,500 square miles. Capital, Harrisburg; metropolis, Philadel- phia, in N. Lat. 39° 57' E. Long. 1° 47'. General election, second Tyesday in October ; legislature meet first Tuesday in December. Constitution formed, 1790.

Government. — Governor, — term of office three years, sal- ary 84,000 ; secretary of state ; treasurer ; auditor-general ; surveyor-general ; and attorney-general.

Legislature. — Senate consists of thirty-three members, elected for four years. House of Representatives, one hun- dred members, elected annually.

Judiciary. — There is a supreme court, consisting of a chief justice and four associate judges. This court holds its courts in five places in the state, which is divided into five districts for that purpose. The state is also divided into 16 districts, for the sessions of the courts of common pleas. Each of these circuits has a presiding judge, and two associates from each county. The judges of the supreme court receives a salary of 82,000 per annum ; the judges of the common pleas, $1,600; and the associates, $200.

Physical Structure. — The Allegheny mountains pass obliquely across the central part of the stale, ranging, generally, from north-east to south-west. The several ridges which constitute the system here are known by lo- local name, differing in many cases, from those generally adopted by writers on geography. In passing along the great road from Philadelphia to Pittsburg, the traveller crosses, successively the following ridges : Mine Hill ; South Mountain ; Blue Mountain ; Cove ; Sideling Hill ; Tussey's

PENNSYLVANIA.

93

Mountain; Dunning's Mountain ; Will's Mountain; Alle- gheny Mountain ; Laurel Hill, and Chesnut ridge. The Allegheny Mountain is by far the most elevated among the group ; it is here that the waters which run eastward and those flowing into the Ohio, have their sources. The ridges on either side of the great Allegheny, are little else than mere steps from the plains below, up to the main ridge; the valleys, as well as the ridges, becoming mDre and more elevated, as they approach the dividing ridge. Some of the peaks attain an elevation of 3,000 feet ; the mean altitude of the Allegheny system, is about 2,500 feet above tide water.

Islands. — With the exception of a few small islands in the Delaware and Susquehanna, there is none within the borders of the state. Those in the Susquehanna, are. Dun- can's island, at the mouth of the Juniata; Hill island, near Middletown ; Fishing island, a few miles below, and some others. And in the Delaware, Tinicum, Hog, League, Pettys, Biles, &c. Lakes. — Erie, which borders the N. W. part of the state, and Conneaut, are the only lakes in the state, which is remarkably destitute of such aggregations of waters, as deserve the name of lakes.

Rivers. — Delaware, Schuylkill, Lehigh, Susquehanna, Swatara, Juniata, West branch, Ohio, Beaver, Allegheny, Conemaugh, Clarion, French creek, Monongahela, Yough- iogeny, »Slc.

Productions. — Wheat, rye, Indian corn, barley, oats, flax, lumber, live stock, iron, «Si:,c. &:c.

Cities and Towns. — Philadelphia, the metropolis ; Har- risburg, the capital ; Pittsburg, Erie ; Lancaster, York, Reading, Bethlehem, Easton, Pottsville, Chester, West Chester, Carlisle, Bedford, Washington, &:.c. &c.

Internal Improvements : —

State Canals. — Central division, Pennsylvania Canal, ex- tends from Columbia to Hollidaysburg, length 171 3-4 miles. Western division, Pennsylvania Canal, from Johnstown to Pittsburg, length, 104 miles. Susquehanna division, Penn- sylvania Canal, extends from the central division on Dun- can's island, to Northumberland, 39 miles. West Branch division, Pennsylvania Canal., from Northumberland to

94 PENNSYLVANIA.

Dunnstown, 65 3-4 miles. North Branch division, Pennsyl- vania Canal, from Northumberland to Nanticoke falls, 6i)^ miles. An extension of this canal, 14 98-100 miles, is now in progress. Delaware division, Pennsylvania Canal, ex- tends ti-oin Bristol to Easton, SJ 3 4 miles, t'ittshurcr and Erie Canal, is to extend from Pittsburg to Erie, 73-40 miles of this work is completed.

Canals constructed by joint stock companies. — Schuyl- kill Navigation, extends from Philadclpliia to Port Carbon, 108 miles. Union Canal, extends from the Schuylkill near Reading to Middletown on the Susquehanna, 8*2-08 milts. Pine Grove Canal, a branch of the preceding, 6-75 miles in length. Lehigh Navigation, from Easton to Mauch Chunk, 46-75 miles. Lackawaxen Canal, from M'Carty's point to Honesdale, 25 miles. Conestoga Navigation, from Lancaster to Safe Harbor, onJ.he Susquehanna, 16 miles. Codorus Navigation, from York to the Susquehanna, 11 miles. West Philadelphia Canal, around the wrcstern abut- ment of the permanent bridge, over the Schuylkill, about 500 yards in length.

Stale Rail Roads. — Columhia Rail Road, extends from Philadelphia to Columbia, on the Susquehanna, length 81-60 miles. Allegheny Portage Rail Road, from Holli- daysburg to Johnstown, forms the connecting link between the central and western divisions of the Pennsylvania ca- nal, length 36-69 miles.

Rail Roads constructed by joint stock companies : — Mauch Chunck Rail Road, from Mauch Chunk to the coal mines, 9 miles. Roo?n Run Rail Rood, from Mauch Chunk to the coalmine on Room Run, 5-26 miles. Mount Carbon Rail Road, from Mount Carbon to Norwegian valley, 7-24 miles. Schuylkill Valley Rail Road, from Port Carbon to Tuscarora, 10 miles. Branches of the preceding, 15 ms. Schuylkill Rail Road, 13 miles. Mill Creek Rail Road, Irom Port Carbon to the coal mines, near Mil! Creek, length, including branches, 7 miles. Mine Hill and Schuyl. kill Haven Rail Road, from Schuylkill Haven to the coal mines at Mine Hiil, length, including 2 branches, 20 ms. Pine Grove Rail Road, 4 miles in length. Little Schuyl- kill Rail Road, from Port Clinton to Tamaqua, 23 miles.

PENNSYLVANIA. 95

LacJcaicaxen Rail Road, from Honesdale to Carhondale, 16^ miles. West Chester Rail Road, from the Columbia R. R. to Westchester, 9 miles. Philadelphia, Oermantown and Norristown Rail Road, (about 7 miles of this road are completed, a new rout to Norristown, leaving;- Germanlovvn to the N. E. is also completed.) Lyken's Valley R. Road, from Broad Mountain to Millersburg. Philadelphia and Trenton Rail Rond, 26 1-4 miles in length. Central Rail Road, from the vicinity of Pottsville to Sunbury, 44 54 ms. Danville branch, 7 miles long, whole length 51-54. Oxford R. Rood, now in progress, extends froni the Columbia R. R, to the Maryland state line. Reading R. R. to extend from Norristown to Port Clinton.

Pennsylvania Canals and Perrysville, T. (227.) Rail Roads, see Pennsyl- Person C. H., N. C. (215.)

vania, (1.32.) Petersburg, P. (131.)

Penyan, N. Y. (79.) Petersburg, P. (153.)

Peoria, Ind. (119.) Petersburg, P. (155.)

Perdido R., F. (317.) Petersburg, Ind. (166.)

Perry sburg, O. (99.) Petersburg, Va. (197.)

Perry, G. (287.) Petersburg and Roanoke '

Perrysville, O. (126.) Rail Road, see Virginia,

Perrysville, P. (128.) (217.)

Perrysville, Mo. (185.) Peters T., Va. (194.)

Philadelphia, P. (137.) The metropolis of the state of Pennsylvania, and, after New York, the largest city in the U. S. Present pop. about 220,000. It is favorably situated between the Delaware and Schuylkill rivers, about 5 miles from the junction of the latter with the Delaware. The city proper, or that portion of it which is limited by the Dela- ■ware on the east, the Schuylkill on the west. Vine st. on the nortli, and South or Cedar st. on the south, is under the ju- risdiction of the corporation. The adjoining districts have each separate and distinct municipal authorities and regu. lations, wholly unconnected, in a legal point of view, with the others, or either of them. These regulations, being merely local in their operation, are unimportant in refer- ence to the city, as it is generally understood, which, for all practical purposes, may be regarded as embracing the

96 PHILADELPHIA.

adjoining districts of Kensington, the Northern Liberties, Spring Garden, Southwark, Moyamensing, &c.

The densely built parts of the city and districts, have an outline of about 8^ miles. The principal streets of the city proper, are Market or High, Arch or Mulberry, Race or Sassafras, Vine, Chesnut, Walnut, Dock, Spruce, Lombard, South or Cedar, Front, Second, Third, «fcc. up to Thirteenth, whicli is succeeded by Broad street. Sec. Those of the Nor- thern Liberties, are Callowhill, Noble, Green, Coates, Brown, Front, Budd, Second, St. Johns, Third sts.. Old York Road, &c. Those of Kensington, Beach, Queen, Maiden, Shackamaxon, Marlboro, Hanover street, &lc. In Spring Garden, are Marshall, Lawrence, Eighth, Ninth, &.c. Callowhill, James, Buttonwood, Spring Garden, Washing- ton streets, &,c. In Southwark, Shippen, Plum, German, Catharine, Queen, Christian,-Carpenter, Prime streets, Sac. And in Moyamensing, Shippen, Fitzwater, Catharine, Tide- marsh, Prime and Federal streets. In addition to the above, each district has several cross streets and avenues, most of which are well built.

Public buildings, and other interesting objects in or near the city are : Independence Hall or State-house, in which the various courts are held. Bank of the United States, Philadelphia Bank, Theatre, Arcade and Philadelphia Mu- seum, Masonic Hall, Academy of the Fine Arts, United States Mint; all the above are in Chesnut street. Penn- sylvania Hospital, in Pine street ; Alms-house, in Blockley Township ; Orphan's Asylum, in Cherry street ; Wills's Hospital for the Lame and Blind, in Race street ; Pennsyl- vania Institution for the Blind, Race street ; Orphan's (Catholic) Asylum of St. Joseph's, in Spruce street ; Widow's Asylum, in Cherry street ; Pennsylvania Institu- tion for the Deaf and Dumb, on Broad and Pine streets ; Merchants' Exchange and Post Office, on Dock, Third and Walnut streets ; Custom-house, in Second street ; City Library, and Philosophical Hall and Athenium, in Fifth street near Chesnut ; Hall of the Franklin, (mechanics') Institute, in Seventh street; Acadamy of Natural Sciences, in Twelfth street ; University buildings, in Ninth street ; Jefferson College, in Tenth street ; Musical Fund Hall, in

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ROUTES FROM PHILADELPHIA.

	f Blue Mt. Gap,	5 113	New Berlin,	11 133
	Port Dauphin,	3 116	Millheim,	25 158
	Duncan's Isd.	9 125	Bellefonte,	21 179
	Newport,	10 135	Phillipsburg,	27 206
	Thon^psontown	,11 146	Curwinville,	19 225
	Mexico,	7 153	Brookville,	37 262
*	Mifflintown,	4 157	Shippensville,	27 289
ed	Lewistown,	14 171	Franklin,	18 307
Waynesburg,	14 185	Meadville,	25 332
Aughwick F 's,	12 197	Waterford,	23 355
	Huntingdon,	17 214	Erie,	15 370
	Petersburg,	7 221
	Alexandria,	7 228	To PoitsvUle, by Schuylkill
	Williamsburg,	12 240	Canal.
	Frankstown,	10 250	Manyunk,	7
	_ Hollidaysburg,	3 253r	Flat Rock,	1 8
Johnstown, by R. R	37 290	Spring Mills,	3 11
	f Laurel Hill,	7 297	Norristown,	5 16
	Lock port,	10 307	Phenixville,	12 28
	Chesnut Hill,	5 312	Pottstown,	15 43
	Blairsville,	8 320	Unionville,	3 46
13	Saltzburg,	16 336	Birdsboro,	6 52
|-	Warrentown,	12 348	Reading,	12 64
Leech burg.	10 358	Hamburg,	,23 87
	Allegheny aqua. 3 361	Port Clinton,	4 91
	Logan's Ferry,	15 376	Tunnel,	7 98
	. Pittsburg,	18 394	Schuylkill Haven,	3 101
		Mount Carbon,	4 105
To Erie, Pa. by Staff e.	Pottsville,	1 106
Manyunk,	7	Port Carbon,	2 108
Norristown,	9 16
Trap,	9 25	To Bethlehem, Pa.	by Stage.
Pottstown,	10 35	Sunville,	3
Warrcnsburg,	5 40	Germantown,	3 6
Exeterlown,	5 45	Flowertown,	5 11
Reading,	7 52	Spring,	6 17
Hamburg,	15 67	Montgomery,	4 21
Orwigsburg-,	11 78	Lexington,	4 25
Potlsville,	8 86	Sellersville,	7 32
Sun	bury,	36 122	Quakertown,	5 37

ROUTES FROM PHILADELPHIA.

99

Fryburg, Beihlchem,	6 43 8 51
To Easton, by Stage. Slioemakerlown, 9
Jenkintown,	1 10
Abington,	1 11
Willowgrove, NewviJle,	2 13 7 20
Doylestown, Ottsville,	4 24 15 39
Easton,	17 56

To New York^ by Stage.

Frankford, 5

Holmsburg, 4 9

Bristol, 11 20

Trenton, 11 31

Princeton, 10 41

Kingston, 3 44

New Brunswick, 13 57

Milton, 13 70

Eiizabethtown, 5 75

Newark, 6 81

New York, 10 91

To New York, by Steam Boat

and Stage. Burlington, by S. Boat, 19 Bristol, do. 1 20

Bordentown, do. 10 30 Trenton, do. 6 36

Princeton, by Stage, 10 46 New Brunswick, do. 17 63 Perth Am boy, by S.

Boat, 12 75

New York, do. 25 100

To New York, by Steam Boat

and Rail Road. Bordentown, by S. Boat, 30 Centreville, by Rail R. 9 39 Spotswood, 16 56

South Amboy, 9 64

Perth Amboy, by S.

Boat, 2 66

New York, 25 91

To Baltimore, by Steam Boat

and Rail Road. ^ f Fort Mifflin, 8

§ I Lazaretto, 5 13

^ \ Chester, 5 18

S ] Marcus Hook, 4 22 I I Christiana Cr. 8 30 ^ L New Castle, 5 35 Frenchtown,by R.R. 16 51 Baltimore, by S. B. 69 120

To Baltimore, by Stage.

Darby, 6

Chester, 9 15

Wilmington, 13 28

Elkton, 20 48

Havre de Grace, 16 64

Baltimore, 34 98

To Baltimore, by Steam Boat

and Canal. New Castle, as above,

by Steam Boat, 35

Delaware City, 6 41

St. Georges, by Canal, 5 46 Deep Cut, do. 4 50 Bohemia, do. 5 55

Turkey Point, by S.

Boat, 10 65

Baltimore, do. 48 113

100

PHI

PIT

To Cape May by Steam Boat. Delaware City, as above, 41 Reedy Island, 5 46

Alia ways Creek 5 51

Bombay Hook, 12 63

Egg Island, 17 80

Light Ho., May, 20 100 Cape Island, 2 102

To Cape May, by Stage.

Woodbury, 9

Jonesboro, 10 19

Malaga, 10 29

Millville, 13 42

Port Elizabeth, 6 48

Dennis Creek, 14 62

Goshen, 4 66

Philadelphia (West) Canal, see Pennsylvania, (157.)

Philadelphia, Germaniown 4r Norristown Rail Road, see Pennsylvania, (1 33.)

Philadelphia, K. (188.)

Phillipsburg, L. C. (16.)

Phillipsburg, P. (130.)

Pickensville, S. C. (252.)

Pickensville, Miss. (280.)

Picolata, F. (330.)

Pierces, Ga. (289.)

Pike, N. Y. (78.)

Pikeville,K. (192.)

Pikeville, T. (229.)

Pikeville, Ala. (246.)

Piketon, O. (150.)

Pinckneyville,S.C. (253.)

Pine BlufF, Ark. (242.)

Pine Log, Ga. (250.)

Cape May, C. H. 4 70

Cold Spring, 9 79

Cape Island, 2 81

To Tuckerton, N. Jer. by Stage. Pensauken Creek, 9

'Hampton, F. 17 26

Washington, 9 35

Tuckerton, 14 49

To Long Branch. Bordentovvn, by S. B. 30

Allentown, by Stage, 7 37 Monmouth, do. 18 55 Eaton, do. 10 65

Long Branch, do. 4 69

Pineville, S. C. (273.) Pine Grove Rail Road, see

Pennsylvania, (132.) Pine Orchard, N. Y. (83.) Pinthocco, Ala. (284.) Piscatavvay, Md. (177.) Piqua, O. (124.) Point au I'remble, L. C.(15.) Pt. Pyrites, Mich. (69.) Pt. au Pins, U. C. (75.) Pt. au Playe, U. C. (100.) Pt. Pleasant, Va. (171.) P. du Rocher, II. (163.) P. Frederick, Md. (177.) Pt. Tobacco, Md. (177.) Pt. Comfort, Ala. (285.) Pt. au Fer, Lou. (322.) Pt. of Pines, Fl. (328.) Pt. Chico, Lou. (324.) Pittsfield, Mass. (83.)

PITTSBURG.

101

Pittston, Pa. (107.)

Pittsburg, Pa. (128.) The city of Pittsburg was founded in 176.5 ; and now contains a population of about 31,000 in- cluding the adjoining villages of Allegheny, Birmingham, &'C. It is a place of great trade, and has extensive manu- factures. The public buildings are, a court house, ex- change, college, monitorial school house, several hotels, museums, U. States and Pittsburg banks, market-house, many foundries, and 16 or 18 churches of various denomi- nations,

ROUTES FROM PITTSBURG.

To Cincinnati, O.

Boat. Middlctown, Beavertown, Fawcetstown, Steubenville, Wellsburg, Warrenton, Wheelmg, Elizabethtown, Sistersvillc, Newport, Marietta, Parkersburg, Bellville, Letarts rapids, Point Pleasant, Gallipolis, Guyandot, Burlington, Portsmouth, Manchester, Maysville, Ripley, Augusta, Point Pleasant,

by Steam

18

19

22

7

6

8

11 29 48 70 77 83 91 13 104

35 139 17 156

16 172 13 185

17 202 30 232 29 261

3 264 34 298

7 305 41 346

36 382 10 392

7 399

9 408

15 423

Cincinnati, (See Cincinnati.)

To Philadelphia, by East Liberty, Wilkinsburg, Howardsville, Stewartsville, Adamsburg, Greensburg, Youngstown, Laughlin, Stoystown, Bedford, M'Connels T. Chambersburg, Gettysburg, York, Columbia, Lancaster,by R.R. Downingtown, Philadelphia,

26 449

Stage. 5 8 11

19 25 32 42

55

71

99

130

19 149 25 174 29 203 11 214 13 227 37 264 32 296

i To Philadelphia, by Canal I and Rail Road.

1 Allegheny aqueduct, 23 9*

102

PIT

Blairsville, 41 74

Johnstown, by R. R. 30 104 fHollidaysburg, 37 141 Huntingdon, 39 180 Lewistown, 43 223 Duncan Island, 46 269 Middletown, 26 295 L Columbia, 17 302

Philadelphia, R. R. 82 394

To Erie, Pa. by Stage. Woodville, 18

Butler, 9 27

Centreville, 18 45

PORTLAND	•
Mercer,	15 60
Georgetown, Meadville,	15 75 15 90
Waterford,	23 113
Erie,	15 128
To Wheeling, by Findlaysville, Washington, Martinsburg, Claysville,	Stage. 13 11 24 5 29 4 31
W. Alexandria,	6 39
Wheeling,	16 55

Pittsboro, N. C. (235.) Plattsburg, N. Y. (36.) Pleasant Valley, N. Y. (36.) Pleasant Grove, Va. (216.) Pleasant River Bay, Me.

(42.) Plymouth, N. H. (62.) Plymouth, Mass. (112.) Plymouth, N. C. (238.) Pocomoke Bay, Va. (199.) Pogoi Is., Fl. (328.) Point Alderlon, Mass. (86.) Pokanaweethty, Fl. (314.)

Pompton, N. J. (108.) Pontiac, Mich. (73.) Poplar Spring, Md. (155.) Portage, N. Y. (57.) Portage, O. (101.) Port Deposit Canal, see

Maryland, (156.) Port Genesee, N. Y. (56.) Port Glasgow, N. Y. (57.) Port Barnet, Pa. (103.) Port Allegheny, Pa. (104.) Port Williams, K. (168.) Port Royal, Va. (176.)

Portland, (63,) the metropolis of Maine, has a population of 12,600. Several handsome public and private buildings, among the former are a court-house, custom-house, 10 churches, 6 banks, &.c.

ROUTES FROM PORTLAND.

To Boston by Stage. 1 York, 15 47

Saco, 16 I Portsmouth, 9 56

Kennebunk port, 10 26 I Hampton Falls, 13 69

Wells, 6 32 I Newburyport, 9 78

	PORTLAND. lUcJ
Bowley,	5 83	Eastport, 15 231
Topsfield,	8 91
Danvers,	6 97	To Quebec, by Stage.
Sangus,	7 104	Brunswick, 27
Boston,	10 114	Bodoinham, 13 40
		Gardner, 11 51
To Boston, via	Salem, hy	Hallowell, 4 55
Stage	,	Augusta, 3 58
Rowley, as above, 83	Waterville, 17 75
Ipswich,	5 88	Norridgwock, 16 91
Hamilton,	5 93	Solon, 20 111
Wenham,	2 95	Moscow, 13 124
Beverly,	4 99	Ferry over Kenne-
Salem,	3 102	beck river, 17 141
Lynn,	5 107	Monument, 48 189
Boston,	10 117	St. Joseph, 54 243
		St. Henry, 28 271
To Eastport, hy Stage.	Quebec, 12 283
Freeport,	18
Brunswick,	9 27	To Alfred.
Bath,	7 34	Buxton, 15
Wiscasset,	15 49	Alfred, 14 29
Waldoboro,	18 67
Warren,	9 76	To White Hills.
Tiiomastown,	4 80	Standish, 17
Camden,	11 91	Hiram, 14 31
Belfast,	18 109	Boundary line, 10 41
Castine, (by water,) 9 118	Mt. Washington, 47 88
BluehiU,	10 128
Elsworth,	14 142	To Paris.
Franklin,	12 154	Windham, 15
Cherryfield,	20 174	Raymond, 11 26
Columbia,	12 186	Otisfield, 11 37
Machias,	15 201	Paris, 13 50
Whiting,	15 216
Portland, N. Y.	(77.) ~~	Portsmouth, N. H. (63.)
Portland, Ala. (283.)	Portsmouth and Roanoke
Porter sville, Inc	. (167.)	Rail Road, see Va. (218.)
Ports, S.C. (274.)	Portsmouth, 0. (171.)

104

POT

Potatoe F., S. C. (274.) Potomac, Md. (154.) Potomac R., Md. (177.) Potomac Navigation, see

Virginia, (15,').) Potosi, Mo. (,184.) Pottsdam, N. Y. (35) Pottstown, Pa. (133.) Poltersville, Pa. (102.) Poukeepsie, N. Y. (109.) Powelton, Ga. (271.) Prairie du Chien, Mich. (66. Prairie Bluff, Ala. (283.) Prattsville, Md. (154.) Prestonburg, K. (192.) Prescolt, U. C (34.) Presque I., U. C. (56.) Presque Is. Pa. (76.)

Qnapaw Villages, Ark.(242 Queenstown, Md. (177.) Quincy, Mass. (86.)

Racoon Spring, K. (191.) Reasville, Ga. (271.)

RALEIGH.

Princeton, N. J. (1 34.) Princeton, Ind. (166.) Princeton, K. (187.) Princess Anne, Md. (178.) Prophetstown, Ind. (122.) Providence, R. I. (HI.) Providence and ISorwich

Rail Road, see R. I. {in.) Provincetown, Mass. (bU.) Prudhomme, Lou. (293.) Prunty, Va. (152.)

) Puckna, Ala. (267.) Pughtovvn, Va. (154.) Pulaski, T. (227.) PultneyviUe, N.Y. (56.)

" Purdy, T. (226.) Paris, S. C. (289.) Putnam, Ind. (146.)

Q.

.) Quincy, II. (141.) Quincy, F. (315.)

R.

Raleigh, T. (225.)

Raleigh, N. C. (236.) Capital of North Carolina, con- tained in 1830, 1,700 inhabitants. The public buildings are a state-house, court-house, jail, market-house, theatre, two or three banks, two churches, &c.

ROUTES FROM RALEIGH.

To Richmond, Va	by Stasre.	To Edenion	by Stage.
Louisburg,	35	Wakefield,	20
Warrenton,	23 58	Tarboro,	46 66
Lawrenceville,	38 96	Williamston,	34 100
Petersburg,	50 146	Jamestown,	11 111
Richoiond,	21 167	Plynaoutb,	13 124
		EdentoD,	14 138

RALEIGH. READING.	1U&
To Newburn, by Stage,	Lit. Lynches Cr.	21 162
Smithfield, 30	Camden,	12 174
Waynesboro, 24 54	Columbia,	32 106
Kingston, 26 80
Newbern, 47 127	To Knoxville, T.	hy Stage.
	Branthys,	16
To Wilmington, hy Stage.	Pittboro,	20 36
Fayetteville, 58	Ashboro,	34 70
Elizabeth, 39 97	Salisbury,	32 102
Wilmington, 61 158	Statesville,	27 129
	Morgantown,	38 167
To Columbia, S. C.	Ashville,	62 229
Fayetteville, 58	Warm Springs,	36 265
Laurel Hill, 33 91	Newport, T.	28 293
Cheraw, 28 119	Dandridge, T.	15 308
Evans Ford, 22 141	Knoxville, T.	32 340

Raleighs Bay, N. C. (258.) Rantales, S. C. (290.) Rappahannock R., Va. (198.)

Ravenna, O. (101.) Raymond, Me. (63.) Reading, N. Y. (80.)

Reading, Pa. (133.) Seat of justice of Berks county. Population in 1830, 5,859. The public buildings consist of a court-house, two banks, county offices, 7 or 8 churches, &c. The inhabitants are mostly Germans, or descendants of Germans.

ROUTES FROM READING.

To Philadelphia Exetertown,	by Stage.	Unionville, Pottstown,		6 18 3 21
Warrenburg,	5 12	Phenixville,		15 36
Pottstown,	5 17	Norristown,		12 48
Trap, Norristown, Manayunk, Philadelphia,	10 27 9 36 9 45 7 52	Manayunk, 9 57 Philadelphia, 7 64 To Pottsville, by Schuylkill Canal.
To Philadelphia, by Schuyl- kill Canal.	Hamburg, Port Clinton,		23 4 27
Birdsboro,	12	Schuylkill Haven,	10 37

108 REA		RHODE-ISLAND.
Pottsville,	5 42	To Lancaster, by Stage.
Port Carbon,	2 44	.Adamstown, 9
		Rcainstown, 5 14
To Fottsville, by Stage.	Ephrata, 4 18
Maiden Creek,	7	Lancaster, 13 31
Hamburg,	8 15
Port Clinton,	5 20	To Harrishurg, by Stage.
Orwigsburg,	6 26	Sinking Spring, 4
Pottsville,	8 34	Womelsdort; 9 13
		Myerstown, 7 20
To Middleiown,	by Union	Lebanon, 6 26
Canal.		Millerstown, 5 31
Berneville,	15	Palmyra, 6 37
Womelsdorf,	10 25	Hummelstown, 6 43
Stouchstown,	3 28	Harrisburg, 9 52
Myerstown,	5 33
Lebanon,	8 41	To Easton, by Stage. ,
Tunnel,	1 42	Kutziown, 17
Swatara river,	7 49	Trexlerstown, 9 26
Quittapahilla R.	11 60	Allentown, 8 34
Middlclown,	19 79	Bethlehem, 5 40 Easton, 10 50
Reading, 0. (148.)	Reister, Md. (156.)
Red River, Lou.	294.)	Renssellaerville, N. Y. (82.)
Red Church, Lou.	(323.)	Reyuoldsburg, T. (207.)
ReJheimers, S. C	(273.)

Rhode Island, state of, (111,) is divided into five coun- ties. Population in 1630, 97,212. Area, 1,300 square miles. Capitals, Providence and Newport ; metropolis, Providence; lat. 41° 49' N. long. 5° 28' E. General elec- tion, April and August. Legislature meets, first Wednes- day in May and last Wednesday in October. Date of Charter (from Charles II.), 1663.

Officers of the government for one year; governor, sala- ry $400 ; lieutenant-governor, $200 ; secretary of state, fees and $750 ; state treasurer, $450 ; attorney -general, fees.

General Assembly. — Senate consists of the governor,

RHODE-ISLAND. 107

lieutenant-governor, and eiglit senators. House of repre- sentatives consists of 72 members, elected semi-annually.

Judiciary, — is vested in a Supreme Court, composed of a chief justice ($650 per annum,) and two associate judges ($550 each,) and a court of common pleas, composed of five judges, for each county of the state. All the judges are appointed annually by the general assembly.

Physical Structure. — No mountains of great elevation exist in this slate. In the north-west quarter, hills of con- siderable magnitude occur, at frequent intervals; tlie sub- stratum being composed almost entirely of rocks which fre- quently exhibit themselves, not only on the hills, but in the valleys also. These give to this part of the state a rugged and exceedingly broken surface. The other three quarters may be regarded as level, with slight interruptions occa- sioned by low hills ; these, however, diminish in number and importance as the sea-board is approached, and within a few miles of which they terminate altogether.

Lakes. — VVatcI)ogg and Charles in the south-west. Paw- tuxet and several smaller lakes in the north-west.

Rivers and Bays. — Narraganset Bay ; Taunton, Paw» tucket, Pawtuxel, Pawcatuck, Charles Rivers, &c.

Islands. — Rhode, Connanicut, Prudence, and some smaller islands.

Productions. — Wheat, rye, corn, oats, barley, garden vegetables, cattle, &,c. &c.

Towns. — Providence, Newport, Bristol, S. Kingston, Pawtucket, Burrelville, Slatersvillc, Pawtuxet, &c.

Internal Improvements. — Blackstone Canal, (see Massa- chusetts.) Slonington Rail Road (now in progress,) ex- tends frnm Stonington in Connecticut, to Providence, 46 miles in length. A company has been incorporated to con- struct a Rail Road from Providence to Norwich, in Con necticut.

Rliodep, T. (22R.) Richland, N. Y. (57.)

Rhinebeck, N. Y. (109.) Kichmond, N. Y. (13=4.)

Riceboro, G. (305.) Richmond, Ind. (148.)

Ricliardsonvllle, S. C. (272.) Richmond C. H., Va, (III.) Richfield, N. Y. (81.)

108

RICHMOND.

Richmond, Va. (197,) capital and metropolis of V^irginia. Population in 1S30, 16,085. Public buildings, state-house, penitentiary, court-house, Virginia armory, theatre, and 8 or 10 handsome churches.

ROUTES FROM RICHMOND.

To Norfolk, hy Steam Boat.	Fredericksburg,	22 64
Warwick,	7	Stafford C. H.	9 73
Osborn,	10 17	Aquia,	5 78
Eppes Island,	22 39	Dumfries,	9 87
Windmill Point,	11 50	Occoquan,	9 96
Jamestown,	24 74	Alexandria,	17 113
Burrels Bay,	13 87	Washington,	9 122
Newport News,	15 102
Carney Island,	9 iir	To Raleigh, N. C	by Stage.
Norfolk,	6 117	Petersburg,	21
		No tow ay R.	32 53
To Baltimore,	by Steam	Lawrenceville,	18 71
Boat.		Roanoke R.	19 90
Newport News, as	Warrenton,	19 109
above.	'10-2	Louisburg,	23 132
Fort Calhoun,	8 110	Raleigh,	25 167
Old Pt. Comfort,	1 111
New ditto.	23 134	To Noi-folk, hy Stage.
Rappahannoc R.	22 156	Petersburg,	21
Light Boat,	21 177	Cabin Point,	26 47
Cedar Point,	32 209	Surry, C. H.	14 61
Sharps Island,	25 234	Smithfield,	18 79
Herring Bay,	10 244	Nansemond R.	11 90
Thomas' Point,	12 256	Norfolk,	25 215
Bodkin Pt.	20 276
North Pt.	3 279	To Knozville, Ten. by
Fort M'Henry,	7 286	Stage.
Baltimore,	3 289	Powhatan C. H.	32
		Cumberland C. H.	25 57
To Washington	City, by	Lynchburg,	56 113
Stage.		New London,	11 124
Hanover, C. H.	19	Liberty,	15 139
Bowlinggreen,	23 42	Big Lick,	28 167

	RICHMOND.	109
Saiem,	7 174	Warm Springs,	36 168
Christiansburg,	27 201	Hot do.	5 173
Nevvbern,	17 218	White Sulphur Sp.	38 211
Evansham,	28 246	Lewisburg,	10 221
Mt. Airy,	15 161	Salt Works,	82 303
Abingdon,	41 302	Charleston,	4 307
Blountsvillc,	24 326	Guyandot,	41 348
Kingsport,	17 343
Rogersville,	26 369	To Winchester, via Har-
Rutledge,	31 400	risonburg, by Stage.
Knoxville,	32 432	So. Anna R.	21
		Louisa C. H.	30 51
To Guyandot, via Warm	Gordon sville.	15 66
Springs, by Stage.	Barboursville,	6 72
Goochland C. H.	29	Stannardsville,	15 87
Columbia,	19 48	Magaughey T.	23 110
Monticello,	17 65	Harrisonburg,	11 121
Charlottesville, &	i 3 78	Mt, Pleasant,	25 146
University of Va.	Woodstock,	13 159
York,	19 97	Strasburg,	31 170
Waynesboro,	6 103	Newtown,	11 181
Staunton,	12 115	Winchester,	8 189
Gap,	17 132

Richmond, K. (190.) Ridgefield, N. Y. (58.) Ridgeville, Pa. ri31.) Ridge, S. C. (272.) R. des Moines, (90.) R. St. Croix, xMe, (21.) R. St. Francis, L. C. (16.) R. St. Lawrence, U. C. (33. River St. Clair, U. C. (51.) River Head, N. Y. (136.) Rivers, S. C. (272.) Roanoke R., Va. (216.) Roanoke Inlet, N. C.

(239.) Robbinston, Me. (42.) Robertsville, S. C. (289.)

Rochester Rail Road, see N.

York, (56.) Rochester and Batavia R.

Road, see N. York, (56.^) Roanoke Navigation, see N.

Carolina & Va. (216.)

Room Run Rail Road, see

) Pennsvlvania, (133.)

Reading R. R. see Pa. (133.)

Rappahannock Navigation,

see Virginia, (176.) Richmond and Petersburg

Rail Road, see Va. (197.) Richmond and Fredericks- burg Rail Road, see Va,

(197.) 10

no

ROCHESTER.

Rochester, N. Y. (56,) a large commercial and manufac- turing city, in Monroe county, situated on the Genesee river, above the great falls, and six miles from its entrance into Lake Ontario; founded in 1812; population is about 20,000. Public buildings, &.c. — court-house, jail, twelve churches, two banks, arcade and observatory, a splendid aqueduct, 804 feet long, and five or six excellent hotels, bath house, &.c. &c.

ROUTES FROM ROCHESTER.

To Albany, by	Erie Canal.	Tonnewanta,	10 83
Pittsford,	10	Buflfalo,	12 95
Palmyra,	19 29
Newark,	8 37	To Niagara	Falls.
Lyons,	7 44	Parma, by ridge	road, 11
Clyde,	9 53'	Clarkson,	7 IS
Montezuma,	11 64	Gainsville,	15 33
Jordan,	15 79	Oak Orchard,	7 40
Syracuse,	20 99	Hartland,	14 54
Manlius,	[9 108	Cambria,	12 66
Canistota,	16 124	Lewistown,	15 81
Rome,	21 145	Niagara Falls,	6 87
Utica,	15 160
Little Falls,	22 182	To Utica.
Canajoharie,	19 201	Pittsford,	8
Amsterdam,	23 224	Mendon,	7 15
Shenectady,	16 240	Bloom field.	5 20
Albany,	28 268	Canandaigua,	9 29
	-	Geneva,	16 45
To Bvfalo, by	Erie Canal.	Cayuga,	14 59
Ogden,	12	Auburn,	9 68
Adams' Basin,	3 15	West Hills,	21 89
Brockport,	5 20	Lenox,	26 115
Holly,	5 25	Utica,	26 141
Albion,	10 35
Wrightsvilles	11 46	To Buffalo, by Stage.
Middleport,	9 55	Bergen,	17
Lockport,	9 64	Ba:tavia,	13 30
Pendleton,	9 73	Pembroke,	14 44

ROC	SAN 111
Ransoms Grove, 8 52	BafFalo, 10 70
WiUiamsville, 8 60
Rock R, 11. (93.)	Rossville, T. (229.)
Rock Pt., Lou. (279.)	Rotterdam, N. Y. (58.)
Rockaway, N. Y. (135.)	Rouses Point, L. C. (15.)
Rock Haven, 11. (186.)	Rovvlando, (255.)
Rockford, N. C. (214.)	Royalton, Vt. (6).)
Rock port, Ind. (188.)	Rumford, Me. (39.)
Rockville, Ind. (145.)	RushviHe, 11, (118.)
RockviUe, Md.(]55.)	Rushville,Ind. (147.)
Rockingham, N. C. (235.)	Russel, N. Y. (34.)
Rockymount. Va. (215.)	Russelville, K. (208.)
Rogers, Pa. (106.)	Russelville, Ala. (247.)
Rome, N. Y. (58.)	Rutland, Vt. (61.)
Rome, N. Y. (108.)	Rutledge, T. (211.)
Rome, Ind. (167.)	^ Rutherfordton, N. C. (233.)
Romney, Va. (154.)	* Ryegate, Vt. (37.)

Saluda Canal, see S. Caro- lina, (253.)

Savannah and Ogechce Canal, see Ga. ^289.)

Seneca Canal, see N. Y. (80.)

Schenectady and Saratoga Rail Road, see N. Y. (83.)

Schenectady and Utica Rail Road, see N. Y. (82.)

Schuylkill Navigation, see Pa. (134.)

Schuylkill Valley R. Road, see Pa. (132.)

Schuylkill Rail Road, see Pa. (132.)

Schuylkill (Little) R. Road, see Pa. (133.)

Slonington Rail Road, see Rhode Island, (111.)

Salem Canal, see New Jer- sey, (157.)

South Carolina Rail Road,

see S. Carolina, (273.) Santee Canal, see S. Caro- lina, (273.) Sabine Lake, Lou. (319.) Sabine R., Lou, (306.) Sackefs Harb., N. Y. (57.) Saco, Me. (63.) Sagharbor, N. Y.(135.) Salem, Mass. (86.) Salem, O. (148.) Salem, N. J. (157.) Salisbury, N. H, (62.) Salem, 11. (165.) Salt Works, II. (121.) Salt Licks, Lou. (278.) Salt River, Mo. (141.) Sakibria, N. Y. (80.) Saltzburg, Pa. (129.) Sandersville, Ga. (288.)

112

SARATOGA SPRINGS.

Sandusky Bay, O, (100.) Sandusky C.,0. (100.) Sandwich, U. C. (74.) Sandwich, Mass. (112.) Sandy Point, Mass. (1 12.) Sandy Hook, N.Y. (135.) Sandy Hill, N. Y. (60.) SangamoR., 11. (144.) Sangcrfield, N. Y. (81.) Santa Rosa I., F. (3 12.)

Santa Rosa Bay, F. (313.) Sautaffe Bay, Fl. (328.) Santee R., S. C. (273.) Santilla R,, Ga. (304.) Sapelo Sound, Ga. (305.) Sauk Village, II. (92.) ^ Slate Navigation, see Vir- ginia, (196.) Shenandoah Navigation, see Virginia, (175.)

Saratoga Springs, N. Y. (60.) The most celebrated of these springs, 7 in number, occupy the central part of Sara- toga county, and are about equi-distant from Shenectady and Glenn's falls. Every accommodation is afforded the visiters, by the spacious and"elegant hotels, which abound here. The most noted of these are. Congress Hall, near the Congress Springs, United States Hotel, in the centre of the village, the Pavilion, near Flat Rock Spring, Union Hall, opposite Congress Hall, Columbian Hotel, near the Pavilion, Washington Hall, in the north end of the village, together with some other hotels and boarding houses. There are also commodious bathing houses, circulating library, reading rooms, raineralogical cabinet, &c. &c.

ROUTES FROM SARATOGA SPRINGS.

To Albany, by Rail Road.

Ballston Spa, 6

Schenectady, 14 20

Albany, 16 36

To Albany, via TVaterford,

Ballston Spa, 6

Waterford, 22 28

Savannah, Ga. (289,) metropolis of Georgia. Population in 1830, 7,303. Public buildings, &c. — exchange, banks, academy, several handsome churches, public squares, •kc.

Troy, Albany,	4 32 8 40
To Whitehall, by Stage. Northumberland, 4 Glenn's falls, and Sandy hill, 15 19 Fort Ann, 10 29 Whitehall, 12 41

SAVANNAH. ROUTES FROM SAVANNAH.

113

To Augusta, by Steam Boat.	To Augusta,	by Stage.
Argyle Island,	7	Abercorn,	17
Isla I.	8 15	Ebenezer,	8 25
Purisburg,	16 31	Jacksonboro,	45 70
-Beck's Ferry,	5 36	Augusta,	65 135
Ebenezer,	10 46
Sisters' Ferry,	19 65	To MilledgeviUe, by Stage.
Hudson's Ferry,	25 90	Gr. Ogechee R.	20
Blanket Point,	5 95	Statesboro,	29 49
Brier Creek,	16 111	Sandersville,	86 135
Burton's Ferry,	24 135	MilledgeviUe,	28 163
Lower 3 runs,	11 146
Steel Creek,	12 158	To St. Mary's,	by Stage.
Limestone Bluff,	13 171	Bryan, old C. H.	17
Dog Ferry,	3 174	Riceboro,	17 34
Demaries Ferry,	11 185	Barrington,	20 54
Gray's Landing,	10 195	Buffalo Cr.	14 68
Wallicon's Ferry,	29 224	Scilla R.	10 78
Augusta,	7 231	Jefferson,	20 98
		St. Mary's,	20 118
To Charleston., by Steam
Boat.		To Darien, by Stage.
Fort Jackson,	3	Sunbury,	20
Elba Island,	5 8	Sapelo,	16 36
Long 1.	3 11	Darien,	12 48
Bloody Point,	6 17
Hilton Head,	18 35	To Charleston,	by Stage.
Trancard's Inlet,	4 39	New River,	14
Fripp's Inlet,	12 51	Hogtown,	9 23
St. Helena Sound,	9 60	Coosawatchie,	17 40
S. Edisto Inlet,	3 63	Pocotaligo,	6 46
N. do. do.	13 76	Parker's Ferry,	32 78
Stono Inlet,	14 90	Guerin' Ferry,	17 95
Coffin I. L. House,	11 101	Charleston,	11 106
Fort Moultrie,	6 107
Charleston,	4 111
Savannah R., Ga. (290.)	Schenectady, N.	Y. (83.)
	1	0*

114

SOITH CAROLINA.

Scodic Pt., Me. (41.) Seavvright, S. C. (273.) Sellers, Pa. (133.) Selma, Ala. (283.) Seneca Ind., U. C. (77.) Seneca L., N. Y. (80.) Shakers, (61.) Shallo^v Lakes, N. H. (31.) Shandecan, N. Y. (82.) Sheffield, Mass. (83.) Shelbyville, II. (144.) Shelbyville, Ind. (147.) Sherbourne, N. Y. (81.) Shieldsboro, Miss. (3l0.) Shippensburg, Pa. (131.) . Shinersville, (106.) Shirleyburg, Pa. (131.) Shoreham, Vt. (60.) Shoal R., 11.(118.)

Shullsburg, Mich. (66.) Sidney, Me. (40.) Sistersville, Va. (151.) Three Sister's Islands, Mich.

(99.) Skeneateles, N. Y. (80.) Small Pt., Me. (54.) Smithport, Pa. (104.) Smithfield, Va. (152.) Smyrna, Del. (157.) Solon, N. Y. (81.) Somerset, Pa. (129.) Somerset, O. (150.) Somerville, N. J. (134.) Sorel, Lou. (322.) Sorrel R., L. C. (15.) So. Bend, Ind. (96.) Sotos, Lou. (277.)

South Carolina, state of, (253,) is divided into 29 dis- tricts. Population in 1830, 581,458, including 315,665 slaves; area, 31,750 square miles; capital, Columbia; metropolis, Charleston ; lat. 32° 45' N. long. 2° 53' W. General election, second Monday in October, biennially. Legislature meet, fourth Monday in November; constitu- tion formed 1790, since amended.

Government. — Governor — term of office two years, salary, $3,500, chosen by the general assembly — lieuten- ant governor, &,c.

Legislature. — The legislative powder is vested in a senate, having 45 members, elected for four years, one half being chosen biennially ; and a house of representatives, composed of 124 members, elected for two years; these bodies are styled the General Assembly.

Judiciary. — Consists of a court of appeals, composed of three judges, who receive $3,500 per annum, each; a court of equity, with two judges, styled chancellors, each of whom receives !^3,500 per annum ; and a court of general sessions

SOUTH CAROLINA. 115

and common pleas, six judges, with a salary to each o^ $3,500 per annum.

Physical Structure. — The entire sea coast and for several miles inland, the surface is remarkably level. The soil consists of swamps and marshes, interspersed with ridges sufficiently elevated merely to escape submersion, some of which are quite inaccessible, and are thus rendered useless. After passing the alluvial border, which is marked by the great road leading from Fayetteville to Augusta, the coun- try assumes a more undulating appearance ; the hills in- crease in number and magnitude, until they become so numerous as to form continuous ridges ; these continue to enlarge in proceeding westward, and ultimately form the spurs and flanks of the great blue ridge, which here forms a part of the boundary of the state.

Rivers. — Pedee, cWaccamaw, Little Pedee, Lynches Creek, Santee, Wateree, Catawba, Congaree, Broad, Tyger, Ennoree, Saluda, Cooper, Ashley, Edisto, Combahee, and Savannah.

Islands. — North I., Murphey, Cape Roman, Bulls, De- wees, SuUivans, Holly, Johns, Wadmelaw, Edisto, Rey- nolds, Hunting, St. Helena, Ladies, Port Royal, Hilton Head, &,c. &,c.

Productions. — Cotton, rice, tobacco, fruits, &c. &c.

Towns. — Charleston, Columbia, Georgetown, Cheraw, Camden, Yorkville, Spartanburg, Pendleton, Abbeville, Edgefield, Hamburg, Beaufort, &c. &c.

Internal Improvements. — South Carolina Rail Road, commences at Charleston, and terminates in the town of Hamburg, opposite Augusta, entire length, 135-75 miles. It is proposed to construct a branch to Orangeburg, and thence to Columbia, &c. and another to Barnwell C. H. Santee Canal connects the harbour of Charleston with the Santee, length 22 miles. Winyaw Canal, extends from Win- yaw Bay to Kinlock Creek, a branch of Santee river, length 7-40 miles. The navigation of the Catawba has been im- proved by the construction of several small canals. Saluda Canal, extends from the head of Saluda shoals to Granby Ferry on the Congaree, 6-20 miles in length. Drehr's Canal,

116

SPA

SYR

is designed to overcome a fall of 120 feet in Saluda river, length 1 1-3 miles. Loric¥s Canal, on Broad river, Ij miles above Columbia, 1 mile long. LockharVs Canal, in Union District, around Lockhart's shoals, in Broad river, 2 3-4 miles long.

Spains, Ga. (286.) Sparta, Lou. (279.) Sparta, Ala. (299.) Spencer, N. Y. (80.) Spencer, Ind. (J 46.) Spillers, Lou. (309.) Springfield, Mass. (84.) Springfield, II. (143.) Springfield, O. (149.) Springfield, Lou. (309.) Springfield, Va. (154.) Springs, Schooley's Mt., N.

J. (134.) Squam Beach, N. J. (134.) St. Albans, Vt. (36.) St Amaud, L. C. (16.) St. Andrew's Bay, Fl. (314.) St. Andrew's Sd., Ga. (318.) St. Augustine, FI. (330.; St. Catharine's Sound, Ga.

(305.) St. Charles, Mo. (163.) St. ClairsviUe, O. (128.) St. Clair, Mich. (74.) St. Dennis, L. C. (15.) St. Francisville, Lou. (308.) St. Gabriel, Lou. (308.) St, Helena Sound, S. C.

(290.) St. Helena, Lou. (309.) St. Joseph's R., Ind., (97.) St. John's R.,F1. (318.) St. Louis, Mo. (163.)

St. Marks, Fl. (315.) St. Martins, Lou. (308.) St. Mary's R., Ga. (317.) St. Mary's, Ga. (318.) St. Regis, L. C. (14.) St. Simons 1., Ga. (305.) St. Stephens, Ala. (298.) St. Sulpice, L.C. (15.) Stafford, Ct. (110.) Statesboro, Ga. (289.) Stedham, Fl. (314.) Sterlmg, II. (145.) Steubenville, O. (128.) Stillwater, N. Y. (83.) Stoddardsville, Pa. (107.) Stockbridge, Mass. (83.) Stockport, Pa. (107.) Stoystown, Pa. (130.) Strasburg, Pa. (.156.) Strawberry Ferry, S. C.

(274.) Stuart T., N. H. (38.) Sturbridge, Mass. (84.) Sturgeon Pt., N. Y. (77.) SullivansI.,S.C.(291.) Sunbury, Pa. (132.) Susquehanna R., Pa. (105.) Suwanee R., Ga. (316.) Suwanee, Fl. (328.) Swunsboro, Ga. ('288.) Sweatz, Lou. (307.) Swedesboro, N. J. (157.) Syracuse, N. Y. (57.)

TALLAHASSEE. — TENNESSEE.

117

TaUapoosa R. Ala. (278.) Talbot Ft., U. C. (76.)

Tallahassee, Fl. (315,) capital of Florida, founded and immediately incorporated as a city, in 1825. Population, about 1500. The public buildings are the capital, some churches, &.c.

ROUTES FROM TALLAHASSEE.

2'o Fensacola.	Richardson,	29 45
Salubrity, 10	Suvvanee Ferry,	30 75
Aspalaga, 34 44	Dells P., 0.	54 129
Chipalo, 16 60	Picolati,	55 184
Choctawhatchee R. 47 107	St. Augustine,	22 206
Andersons, 58 165
Pensacola, 37 202	To Lake lamony,	9
	To Lake Jackson,	4
To St. Augustine.	To St. Marks,	21
Gadsden, 16

Taney T., Md. (155.) Tappahannock, Va. (198.) Tarboro, N. C. (237.) Tarleton, O. (150.) Tatesville, Ala. (299.) Tattnall C. H., Ga. (288.) Taunton, Mass. (111.)

Taylorsville, Va. (214.) Taylor, Ga. (289.) Tecumseh, Mich. (73.) Tolland, Ct. (110.) Tennessee R.,T. (206.) Tennessee R., Ala. (248.)

Tennessee, state of, (226,) is divided into 63 counties. Population in 1830, 681,903, including 141,603 slaves. Area, 40,200 square miles. Capital and Metropolis, Nash- ville; Lat. 36° 07' N. Long. 9° 44' W. General election, first Thursday and Friday in August, biennially. Legis- lature meet, third Monday in September, every second year; date of constitution, 1796.

Government. — Governor, term of office, two years, salary $2,000 per annum ; legislature is composed of a seaate and house of representatives, styled the General Assembly, the members of both are elected biennially, and receive each $4 a day during the session of the legislature.

Judiciary. — The supreme court of errors and appeals consists of three judges, salary of each $1,800 per annum,

118 TENNESSEE.

two chancellors, $1,500 each. There are eleven circuits, and a like number of judges, salary of each $1,300 per annum.

Physical Structure. — The most elevated portion of this state is a ridge of mountains which divides it from the state of North Carolina, to which several local names have been applied. The most noted of these are Unika, Iron, Smoky Bald, and Stone mountains. These several mountains form a single ridge of tlie Alleghenies, which, next to the blue ridge on the east, is the most elevated in the series. In descending the ridge just mentioned, westward, several inferior mountains occur at frequent intervals, from which spurs issue in all directions, and thus modify and establish the hydrography of this portion of the state.

The same, or nearly a similar configuration, marks the country in the west of the Tennessee river, whose bed, though in a deep valley, is greatly elevated above the level of tide water.

A few miles west from and nearly parallel with the Ten- nessee the Cumberland mountain attains its greatest height, and presents a remarkable feature in the geology of this part of the state. The Cumberland mountain, so called, assumes the appearance, and is in fact an extensive pla- teau, elevated, probably, from 1,200 to 1,500 feet above the ocean. The mean width of this table-land is not less than 40 miles; the western shelf of the Cumberland plateau, forms, with the exception of some hills, the last of the nu- merous elevations which distinguish the whole of the eas- tern part of the state, which is emphatically a " mountain region."

Immediately west of the Cumberland but few hills are seen, and the country generally begins to assume a level aspect ; further west, the surface continues to decline until it is again broken by the Tennessee, which here intersects the state from south to north ; ail beyond is comparatively level, no elevation deserving the name of mountain, existing in the entire space between the Tennessee and Mississippi rivers.

Rivers. — Mississippi, Obion, Forked-deer, Hatchy and WolfJ branches of the Mississippi. Tennessee, French^

TENNESSEE. — TRENTON . 119

Broad, Holston, Clinch, Hiwassee, Elk, Duck, &c. branches of the Tennessee, Cumberland ; Clear fork. Obeys, Caney, and Stones, branches of the Cumberland.

Productions. — Wheat, rye, oats, barley, buckwheat, corn, cotton, tobacco, hemp, garden vegetables, and fruits of many sorts.

Towns. — Knoxville, Kingston, Washington, Clinton, Rutledge, Newport, Bluntsville, &,c. in east Tennessee. Nashville, Franklin, Columbia, Murfreesboro, M'Minnville, Fayetteville, &:,c. in the centre ; and Memphis, Bolivar, Brownsville, Lexington, Jackson, Trenton, Dresden and Reynoldsburg in West Tennessee.

Internal Improvements. — None yet completed. Naviga- ble communication between the waters of the Tennessee and thoise of the Coosa, are contemplated. A Rail Road from the town of Randolph, on the Mississippi, to Jackson in Madison county, 65 miles, and one from Nashville to New Orleans, are proposed, and measures for insuring their early completion, have been adopted.

Terre Haute, Ind. (145.) Ticonderoga, N. Y. (60.)

Tazewell, T. ('211.) Timballier Bay, Lou. (323.)

Tessuntee, N. C. (231.) Tioga R., N. Y. (79.)

Texes, Mex. (274.) Tolosa, Fl. (329.)

Theobald, K. (169.) Tombecbee R., Ala. (282.)

Thomasville,Ga.(316.) Tomkinsville, K. (209.)

Thompson, Ct. (111.) Towanda, Pa. (106.)

Thompsons, S. C. (290.) Towson, Ark. (260.)

Thornton, N. H. (62.) Trenton, Me. (41.)

Thorntown, Ind. (122.) Trenton, N. Y. (58.) Thurlow, U. C. (32.)

Trenton, N. J. fl34,) capital of New Jersey. Popula- tion about 5,000. The public buildings are, a state-house, two banks, jail, several large cotton factories, &-c.

ROUTES FROM TRENTON.

To Philadelphia, by Stage. Tullytown, 7

Bristol, 4 11

Holmsburg, 11 22

Frankford, 4 26

Philadelphia, 5 31

120

TRENTON.

TROY.

To Philadelphia^ by S. Boat.

Laniberton, 2

Bordentown, 4 6

Bristol, 9 15

Burlington, 1 16

Bridesburg, 16 32

Philadelphia, 3 35

To Easton^ Pa. by Stage.

Penington, 9

Ringoes, 10 19

Flemington, 6 25

Pittstown, 9 34

Hickory town, 4 38

Bloom sbary, 5 43

Easton, 8 51

To New York, by Stage.

10

3 13

13 26

13 39

5 44

6 50 10 60

Princeton,

Kingston,

New Brunswick,

Milton,

Elizabethtown,

Newark,

New York,

To New York, by Stage and

Steam Boat. New Brunswick, as

above, 26

Perth Amboy, 12 38

New York, 25 63

To Crossioicks, by Stage. Bloomsbury, 1

White Horse, 3 4

Sand Hills, on C. «&. A.

Rail Road, 2 6

Crosswicks, 3 9

To New Brunswick, by Del. aware and Raritan Canal.

Millham,	1
Williamsburg,	10 11
Kingston,	3 14
Rocky Hill,	2 16
Griggstown,	2 18
Blackwells,	4 22
Millstone,	3 25
Bound brook,	5 30
New Brunswick,	7 37

To Bordentoivn, by Dela- ware and Raritan Canal. Bloomsbury, 1

Lamberton, 1 2

Bordentown, 4 6

To Saxtonville, by Canal. Yardleyville Ferry,

Jacobs Creek, 2

Titusville, 3

Belle Mt. 3 Lambertville and

New Hope, 3

Prattsville, 5

Saxtonville, 3

Troupsville, N.Y. (56.)

Trenton, T. (226.) Trenton, N. C. (237.)

Troy, N. Y. (83,) a large and flourishing city, and seat of justice for Renssellaer county. Its population is about 15,000, with numerous elegant public buildings and

TRO

UNI

121

private dwellings. Among the former are four banks, seven churches, a court-house, &c.

ROUTES FROM TROY.

To Whitehall, by Champlain	Sandy Hill, 2 50
Canal.	Kingsbury, 4 54
Lansingburg, 4	Fort Ann, 4 58
Anthony's Kill, ]0 14	Whitehall, 12 70
Stillwater, 3 17	(For routes to Montreal,
Bemis' Heights, 4 21	Utica, Buffalo, «&c. see
Fort Miller, 12 43	" Routes from Albany.")
Fort Edward, 5 48

Tannewania Canal, see N.

York. Troy and Ballston Rail

Road, see N. York, (83.) Troy, O. (124.) Troy, Ind. (167.) Troy, Ten. (205.) Truxtun, N. Y. (80.) Truxville, O. (126.) Tuckerton, N. J. (158.)

U.

Tuckersville, Ga. (305.) Tulins, Lou. (277.) Tunkhannock, Pa. (107.) Turner, N. C. (217.) Tuscaloosa, Ala. (266.) Tuscaloosa R., Ala. (266.) Tuscumbia, Ala. (247.) Tuscumbia Rail Road, see

Alabama, (246.) Tushcacuta, Miss. (246.)

Union, Pa. (153.) Union Canal, (85.) see N. H. Union, Mo. (163.) Union, S. C. (253.) Union T., Va. (194.) Unity, Me. (40.)

United States of North America, or " America," as they are termed by foreigners, consist of the following States, Territories and Districts.

States. — Maine ; New Hampshire ; Vermont ; Massa- chusetts ; Rhode Island ; Connecticut ; New York ; New Jersey ; Pennsylvania ; Delaware ; Maryland ; Virginia ; North Carolina ; South Carolina ; Georgia ; Alabama ; Mississippi ; Louisiana ; Tennessee ; Kentucky ; Missouri ; Illinois ; Indiana ; Ohio ; Arkansas and Michigan. 11

Ufallah, Ga. (301.) Unadilla, N. Y. (81.) Underwood, Ala. (246.) Underwoods, Miss. (264.) Union, N. Y. (83.) Union Canal, (132,) see Pa.

128 UNITED STATES.

Territories. — Florida and Wisconsin.

Districts. — Columbia ; Mandan ; Oregon ; Osage and Ozark.

The Districts of Oregon, Mandan, and Ozark, com- prehend the entire region lying west of the states of Mis- souri, Illinois, Arkansas, Michigan, and the territory of Wisconsin.

The whole having a population according to the census of 1830, of 12,835,106, and an area of 2,037,165 square miles.

(A more detailed account of the States, &.c. will be found under the head of each.)

Capital, Washington, lat. 38° 53' N. Metropolis, New York, lat. 40° 43' N. long. 2°^5' E. Congress meet, first Monday in December. Date of Constitution, September 17th, 1787. The elections for President, and members of the Senate and House of Representatives, are determined by the state governments respectively, and occur at differ- ent periods. The president is elected for four years ; the members of the Senate for six, and those of the House of Representatives, for two years.

Government. — The executive department consists of a President, who receives $25,000, and a Vice-President, $5,000 per annum. Four Secretaries, who are respectively charged with the duties of the various departments of state, the treasury, war, and the navy. Each of the Secretaries receive a salary of $6,000 per annum ; one post master general, $6,000 ; and the attorney general, $3,500. These hold their offices at the will of the President.

Department of State. — The Secretary of this branch of the government, conducts the diplomatic correspondence at home and abroad ; negotiates treaties with foreign powers; disseminates the acts of Congress and all treaties ; grants passports i has charge of the patent office, and of the seal of the United States, Szc. &.c.

The Secretary of the Treasury, superintends all fiscal concerns of the government, and, upon his own responsibi- lity, recommends to Congress measures for improving the condition of the revenue, and settles all government ac- counts, in which he is aided by two comptrollers, five

UNITED STATES. 123

auditors, a treasurer and a register. The General Land Office is a subordinate branch of this department.

The secretary of war has the superintendence of mili- tary affiiirs generally ; the erection of fortifications ; of making topographical surveys ; surveying and leasing the national lead mines, and of the intercourse with Indian tribes.

'^I'he secretary of the navy issues all orders to the navy of the United States, and superintends the concerns of the navy establishment generally. The board of navy com- missioners consisting of three officers of the navy, is at- tached to the office of the secretary of the navy. This board discharges all the ministerial duties of that office.

General Post Office. — This department is under the su- perintendence of the post master general, who has two assistants. The post master general has the sole appoint- ment of all the post masters throughout the United States, and the direction of every thing relating to this department.

The Legislature,— consists of a Senate and House of Representatives, styled the Congress of the United States ; meet once every year. The Senate is composed of 52 members; two from each state. They are chosen by the legislatures of the several states, for the term of six years, one third of them being elected biennially.

The vice president of the United States is president of the Senate. In his absence a president pro-tempore is chosen by the Senate.

The House of Representatives is composed of members from each of the states, elected by the people for a term of two years. The present number of representatives is 235, and three delegates, one from each of the territories.

The Judiciary. — The Supreme Court consists of a Chief Justice, with a salary of $5000 per annum, and six associ- ate justices, who receive annually $4500 each ; one attor- ney-general, clerk, marshal, &c. The Supreme Court meets once a year, on the second Monday in January.

Circuit Courts. Each of the justices of the Supreme Court, attends also in a certain circuit, consisting of two or more districts, appropriated to each, and, in conjunction with the judge of the district, compose a Circuit Court, which is held in each district of the circuit twice a year.

124

UNI

VANDALIA.

The District courts are held respectively by the district judge alone. They are composed of twenty -eight judges, to each of whom a certain district is assigned. Each of these districts embraces an entire state, except those of New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, Alabama, Louisiana and Tennessee, which are divided into two districts each.

(For information on the physical structure, productions, &.C. of the United States, see the individual states.) University, N. C. (235.) Upperville, Va. (155.)

Upper Canada, U. C. (54.) Urbanna, O, (125 ) Upper Marlboro, Md. (177.) Urbanna, Va. (198.) Utica, N. Y. (58.) V.

- Vance, G. (250.) Vandalia, II. (164,) capital of the state of Illinois. Popu- lation, 1,500.

STAGE ROUTES FROM VANDALIA.

Upper Sandusky, O. (125.) Vacasaasa B., Fl. (328.)

To Terre Haute. Ewington, 31

EmbarrasR. 28 59

Terre Haute, 46 105

To America. Salem, 25

Mt. Vernon, 24 49

Frankfort, 30 79

Vienna, 36 115

To St. Louis, Mo.		America,	25 140
Greenville,		16
Edwardsville,	33	49	To Kaskaskia.
St. Louis,	20	69	Carlyle, Covington,	28 10 38
To Vincennes.		New Nashville	8 46
Maysville,		45	Kaskaskia,	40 86
Lawrenceville,	42	87
Vincennes,	10	97	To Galena
			Springfield,	70
To Shawneetown.		Elk Hart Grove,	8 78
Salem,		25	Athens,	10 88
Mt. Vernon,	24	49	Pekin,	40 128
M'Leansboro,	30	79	Little Prairie,	9 137
Shawneetown,	28 107	Peoria,	1 138
			Rock River, Galena,	76 214 63 277

VERMONT. 1^«>

Vansvllle, Md. (156.) Venus, II. (117.)

Vareens, S. C. (275.) Vergennes, Vt. (36.)

Varennes, S. C. (252.) Vermillion R., II. (120.)

Vassal boro, Me. (40.) Vermillion Bay, Fl. (321.)

Vermont, state of, (84,) is divided into 13 counties. Po- pulation in 1830, 280,679. Area, 9,800 square miles. Capi- tal, Montpelier. Metropolis, Bennington, lat. 42° 53' N. long. 3° 45' E. General election, first Tuesday in Septem- ber. Legislature meet, second Thursday in October. Constitution formed, 1777.

Govervment— Governor, salary $750 per annum. Lieu- tenant-governor, and a council of 1 2 persons, who are all chosen annually. Legislature consists of a single body, a hou.se of representatives, the members of which arc elected annually, and are styled the General Assembly.

Judiciary: — consists of a supreme court, having a chief justice and four associate judges, and a county court for each county, composed of one of the judges of the supreme court and two assistant judges, all elected annually by the general assembly. A council of censors, (13 persons,) is chosen every seven years, for the purpose of inquiring whether the laws have been faithfully executed, &c.

Physical Structure. — Vermont, as its name implies, is a mountainous region. The great Allegheny mountains pass through the entire length of the state, separating the waters of the Connecticut, from those running into Lake Cham- plain. A few miles east from Middlebury, a spur leaves the main ridge, and passing in a north-eastern course, is successively broken by Onion, Lamoelle and Misisque rivers. The space intervening between the primary and secondary ranges, forms a table-land having a mean alti- tude of not less than 800 feet above the surface of Lake Champlain. This plateau, in its turn, supports a multitude of hills and mountain peaks, in some places insulated, and in others forming continuous ranges of several miles in ex- tent. Besides the ridges just mentioned, other mouniains of great elevation, occur in the south-western part of the state, altogether presenting a surface exceedingly rough and uneven.

11*

126 VERMONT. VIRGINIA.

Lakes. — Champlain, Meraphramagog, Seymour, West- more, Trout, Bombazine, &o.

Rivers. — Connecticut, White, Pasumsick, Black, Missis- que, La Moelle, Onion, Otter, &c.

Islands. — North Hero, South Hero, La Motte, &c.

Productions. — Wheat, rye, barley, indian corn, oats, pot and pearl ashes, provisions, «&c.

Towns. — Montpelier, Bennington, Burlington, Middle- bury, Windsor, Woodstock, Rutland, Danville, Fayetteville, Vergennes, St. Albans, «Slc. &c.

Internal Improvements. — Bellows Falls Canal, around those falls, halfa mile long. Waterquechy Canal. White River Canal. All the preceding canals are designed to overcome falls in the Connecticut river.

Vernon, N. Y. (58.) Versailles, K. (169.)

Vernon, O. (102.) Vevay, Ind. (168.)

Vernon, N. J. (108.) Vicksburg, Miss. (279.)

Vernon, Ind. (147.) Victor, N. Y. (79.)

Vernon, T. (227.) Vienna, JMd. (178.)

Vernon, Ga. (288.) Vienna, II. (186.)

Versailles, Ind. (147.) Vincennes, Ind. (166.)

Virginia, state of, (193,) is divided into 116 counties. Population in 1830, 1,211,272, including 469,724 slaves. Area, 66,624 square miles. Capital and metropolis, Rich- mond. Lat. 37° 32' N. Long. 0° 26' W. Constitution amended and adopted in 1830. General Election, April. Legislature meet, first Monday in December.

Government. — Governor elected by the General Assembly — term of office three years, salary $3,333 1-3. Lieutenant- governor, $1,000. IVo counsellors, each $1000. Trea- surer and auditor, each $2000. Legislature, styled the General Assembly of Virginia, consists of a senate and house of delegates. The senate consists of 32 members : and the house of delegates of 134, of whom 31 are elected by the counties in western Virginia. The legislature meets annually on the first Monday in December, at Richmond, the capital of the state.

Judiciary. — The court of appeals consists of a president with a salary of $2,720, and four other judges, whose salary

VIRGINIA. 127

is $2,500 each. This court holds two sessions annually, one at Richmond for East Virginia ; the other at Lewisburg in Greenbier county, for West Virginia, including all the counties west of the blue ridge, commencing on the first Monday in July, and continuing ninety days, if business requires it.

General Court. — The state is divided into ten districts and twenty circuits. There are twenty judges, — one for each circuit. A circuit superior court of law and chancery is held twice every year in each county and corporation.

Physical Structure. — All that portion of the state which lies east of the road leading from Fredericksburg to Peters- burg, &c. comprising about 8,000 square miles, is level and but little elevated above the ocean ; some parts of it are constantly, and others occasionally inundated. The coun- try which intervenes between that just mentioned and the Blue ridge, is much broken, its ascents abrupt and rocky, and presents other characteristics of a mountainous region. West of the Blue ridge, the entire region consists of a suc- cession of elevated ridges, between which, valleys of great fertility occur, these, although greatly depressed below the summits of the adjacent mountains, are elevated several hundred feet above the ocean tides.

After passing the Allegheny mountain, the surface is much broken by the action of the waters, as they passed over the surface of that immense inclined plane, and thus formed those deep chasms and ravines, through which the streams generally flow. To this abrasion may be ascribed the mountainous appearance which the western part of the state presents. What appears to be mountains, are how- ever nothing more than buttresses which support the table- land in the rear. The natural geography of the state may be thus briefly defined ; in the east, level ; in the centre, mountainous ; and in the west, hilly with extensive elevated plans.

Bays and rivers. — Chesapeake Bay, and rivers Potomac, south branch of Potomac, Shenandoah, Rappahannoc, York, James, Appomattox, Nottoway, Roanoke, Dan, &c. in the <east ; Ohio, Monongahela, Cheat, Great and Little Kanawha

128

VIRGINIA.

Elk, Gauley, Greenbrier, New, Guy an dot, Sandy, Clinch, Holston, &c., in the western part.

Productions, — Wheat, rye, Indian corn, oats, buckwheat, tobacco, &,c. Salt is manufactured in large quantities in the western part of the state, gold is found in Spotsylvania, and some of the adjacent counties.

Towns. — Richmond, Petersburg, Norfolk, Lynchburg, Fredericksburg, Williamsburg, Charlottsville, Fairfax,War- renton, Leesburg, east of the blue ridge. Winchester, Staunton, Harrisonburg, Warm Springs, Wheeling, Par- kersburg, Charleston, Pt. Pleasant, Abington, &,c. in the west.

Internal Improvements. — James River Canal, is merely a series of 12 locks, which connects the river with a basin at Richmond 80 feet above tide waler. From this basin proceeds the Richmond Canal, 25 feet wide, and 4 deep, for 2^ miles, when it unites with the river. Three miles fur- ther is a short canal of three locks, around a fall of 34 feet. James and Jackson River Canal and Navigation, com- mences at the basin at Richmond, and extends to Maiden's Adventure Falls, 30^ miles. Balcony Falls Canal extends along the bank of James River, through a gap of the Blue ridge, length 6-81 miles. An extension of the James River Canal, is now in course of execution. The Roanoke im- provement consist of a slack water navigation, and extends from the Weldon Canal in N. Carolina to Salem in Vir. ginia, 244 miles. The Dan, Chowan, Slate, Rappahannoc, Shenandoah, Potomac, Monongahela, and Kanawha rivers, have been similarly improved. Dismal Swamp Canal, ex- tends from Deep Creek, a tributary of Chesapeake Bay, to Joyces Creek, a branch of Pasquotank river of Albemarle sound, length 23 miles. Two lateral Canals, one from Lake Drummond, 5 miles in length, whi3h in addition to ils uses for the purposes of navigation, serves as a feeder to the main trunk; and the other 6 miles long, opens a com- munication between the principal canal, and the head waters of North West river. — Rail Roads. Manchester Rail Road, extends from Manchester to the coal mines, length 13 miles. Winchester Rail Road extends from Harper's Ferry to Winchester, length 30 miles. Peters-

VIRGINIA. — WARM SPRINGS. 129

burg and Roanoke Rail Road, extends from Petersburg in Virginia, to Blakely, at the foot of the Roanoke eanal, in N. Carolina, length 59-38 miles. A branch from this road leaves the main lines about 10 miles from Blakely, which extends to the head of the rapids of Roanoke, length about 12 miles. Portsmouth and Roanoke Rail Road, commences at Portsmouth opposite Norfolk, passes in a direct course, intersects the Petersburg road 6 miles from Blakely, and terminates in the Roanoke, a short distance below the Petersburg branch, length 80 miles. Richmond and Pe- tersburg Rail Road, length 21-50 miles. Richmond and Fredericksburg Rail Road, (now in progress,) length 64 miles. Belleplain Rail Road extends from Fredericks- burg to Blleplaine, situated on a branch of the Potomac, (in progress,) length 11 miles. Several other Rail Roads are proposed.

Volina, F. (338.)

W. Wabash and Erie Canal, see Carolina, (274.)

Indiana, (123.) Winchester Rail Road^ see

Weldon Canal, see N. Caro- Virginia, (154.)

lina, (217.) Wabash R., Ind. (122.)

West Chester Rail Road, see Wabash R., II. (144.)

Pennsylvania, (133.) Wacanda, Mo. (117.)

Waterqueche Canal, see Ver- Waddington, N. Y. (34.)

mont, (61.) Wadesboro, K. (206.)

White River Canal, see Ver- Wadesboro, N. C. (234.)

mont, (61.) Wallace, Lou. (277.)

Wilmington and Downing- Wallingford, Ct. (110.)

town Rail Road, see Dela- Walnutgrove, K. (190.)

ware, (1 57.) Walterboro, S. C. (290.)

Washington Canal, see New Walton, N. Y. (81.)

Jersey, (134.) Warebore, Ga. (304.)

Winyaw Canal, sec South Warm Springs, N. C. (132.)

Warm Springs, Va. (174,) a noted watering place, situ- ated in Bath county, on the western declivity of Spring mountain. The waters, used chiefly for bathing, are char- acterised by a high and uniform degree of temperature, (97^°,) and the presence of tsulphuretic hydrogen, and carbonic acid gasses.

130

WASHINGTON.

Warren, Me. (40.) Warren, O. (102.) Warren, Pa. (103.) Warren, O. (128.) Warren, Va. (196.) Warrenton, Va. (176.) Warrenton, N. C. (216.) Warrenton, Ga. (271.) Warrington, Miss. (279.) Warwassing, N. Y. (108.) Warwick, R.I. (HI.) Warwick, Md. (157.)

Washington, N. H. (61.) Washington, Pa. (128.) Washington, O. (149.) Washington, Ind. (166.) Washington, Va. (175.) Washington, T. (^230.) Washington, N. C. (237.) Washington, N. C. ("257.) Washington, Ark. (260.) Washington, Ga. (271.) Washington, Ala. (284.) Washington, Miss. (225.)

Capital of the United States,

Washington, D. C. (176.) Population, 18,827.

This city is laid out on a great scale. Its avenues and principal streets, radiate from centres formed by the various public buildings, and are from 130 to 160 feet wide. Penn- sylvania avenue, which leads from the Capitol to the Presi- dent's house, is the principal place of business, and the great promenade of the city. Many of the other streets are wide and well built. The greater part of the city plot, however, remains unoccupied.

The public buildings, «fec. are, 1. The capitol, 363 feet in length, with an open area containing 22| acres ; cost of the capitol was $2,596,500. 2. The president's house about 1 1-4 mile from the capitol. 3. The public offices, four in number, in the immediate vicinity of the president's house; these buildings are occupied by the four departments of the government. 4. The general post office. The navy yard is situated on the eastern branch of the Potomac. In addition to the above, which belong to the United States, there are many public buildings, erected by the local au- thorities of the city and others, among these are ; the city hall, Columbia college, catholic college, market house, the- atre, several banks, 17 churches, &c.

ROUTES FROM WASHINGTON.

To Baltwiore^ by Stage. Bladensburg, 6

Vansville, Elkridge Landing,

8 14 15 29

WASHINGTON.

131

Baltimore,

8 37

To Dover, Del.

Bladensburo- 6

Pawtuxet R., 20 26

Annapolis. 14 40 Broad Cr. (by water,) 12 52

Sharktown, 4 56

Qucenstown, 8 64

Centreville, 7 71

Georgetown, 25 96

Dover, 8 104

To Point Lookout.

Welby, 7

Piscataway, 8 15

Port Tobacco, 14 29

Newport, 13 42

Chaytico, 10 52

Leonardtown, 5 57

Great Mills, 11 68

St. Inig-oes, 7 75

Pt. Lookout, 10 85

To Richmond, Va.

Alexandria, 9

Occoquan, 17 26

Dumfries, 9 35

Aquia, 9 44

Fredericksburg, 14 58

Bowlinggreen, 22 80

Hanover C. H. 23 103

Richmond, 19 122

To Winchester, Va.

Alexandria, 9

Fairfax C. H. 14 23

Aldie, 24 47

Upperville, 14 6J

Millwood, Winchester,

10 71

13 84

To Virginia Springs, by Stage.

Alexandria, 9

Fairfax C. H. 15 24

Centreville, 8 32

Bull Run, 3 35

Buckland Mills, 11 46

New Baltimore, 4 50

Warrenton, 6 56

Lee's Sulphur Sp. 6 62

Jefferson, 3 65

Fairfax C. H. 12 77

Cedar Mt. 6 83

Rapidan, 6 89

Orange C. H. 7 96 (Thence to Montpelier, seat of Mr. Madison, 5 miles.)

Gordonsville, 8 104

Monticello, 16 120 Charlottsville and University of Va.

York, 19 142

Waynesboro, 6 148

Staunton, 12 160

Jennings N. Mt. 17 177

Cloverdale, 12 189

Green Valley, 11 200

Warm Springs, 13 213

Hot Springs, 5 218

Jackson River, 9 227

White Sulphur Sp. 29 256 (Thence to Sweet Sul- phur Sp. 18 miles.)

Sweet Sulphur Sp. 28 284

Salt Sulphur Sp. I 285

t\

3 123

132	WASHINGTON.
Red Sulphur Spr.	14 299	Mathew's Point,	8 58
(See Warm Spring,	Sweet	Cedar Pt.	7 65
Sulphur Springs,	&c.)	Washington's Birth
		place,	11 76
To Frederick, Md.	Ragged Point,	15 91
Simonsville,	7	Pt. Lookout,	16 107
Rockville,	7 14	Patuxent R.	20 127
Seneca,	7 21	Sharp's Island,	22 149
Middlebrook,	5 26	Herring Bay,	10 159
Hyattstown,	8 34	Bodkin Pt.	32 191
Frederick,	11 45	Baltimore,	13 204
To Baltimore, by	Steam	To Harper's Ferry,	by Canal.
Boat.		Great Falls,	13
Alexandria,	&	Seneca Creek,	10 23
Mount Vernon,	9 17	Peter's Quarry,	17 40
Crane Island,	5 22	Monocacy R.	5 45
Cook's Ferry,	13 35	Cotoctin Cr.	12 57
Boyd's Hole,	15 50	Harper's Ferry,	12 69

WashittaR., Ark. (241.) Washitta R., Lou. (278.) Waterford, Me. (39.) Waterford, N. Y. (83.) Waterford, Pa. (102.) Waterford, Pa. ri31.) Waterford, O. (151.) Waterholes, Miss. (296.) Waterloo, Ala. (246.) Watertown, N. Y. (58.) Watertown, Ct. (109.) Waynesboro, T. (227.) Waynesboro, G. (272.) Waynesboro, N. C. (236.) WaynesviUe, N. C (232.) Waynesburg, Pa. (152.) Wayne, Ind. (97.) Wayne, Pa. (133.) Weathersford, Ala. (284.)

Weatlotucko, Ga. (285.) Webbville, Fl. (314.) Well, K. (189.) Wellfleet, Mass. (112.) Wellsboro,Pa. (105.) Wells, Me. (63.) Wells, Pa. (156.) Wentworth, N. H. (62.) . Wentworth, N. C. (215.) Westminster, Vt. (61.) Westminster, Md. (156.) Westport, Md. (153.) West Point, N. Y. (109.) Weston, Va. (152.) Westville, Miss. (296.) West Union, O. (170.) W. Chester, Pa. (157.) West, N. Y. (57.) Weymouth, N. J. (158.)

WHEELING.

133

Wheeling, Va. (128.) This town is not onlj important as it regards population, but is also the leading point in one of the great thoroughfares of this section of the United States. Its population in 1830, was 5,221, but the number has increased considerably since that period. The national road leading from the Cumberland to the western capitals, passes through Wheeling; at this point emigrants and travellers embark on board of steam boats for every part of the western country.

ROUTES FROM WHEELING.

To Baltimore, by the Nation-	To Chillicoihe.
al Road.		Zanesville, as above,	80
W. Alexandria, Pa	16	Union,	9 89
Claysville,	6 22	Somerset,	9 98
Washington,	9 31	Rushville,	8 106
Hillsboro,	12 43	Lancaster,	10 116
Brownsville,	11 54	Tarlton,	14 130
Union,	12 66	Kingston,	8 138
Smythfield,	21 87	Chillicothe,	12 150
Mt. Pleasant, Md.	29 116
Cumberland,	10 126	To Wooster,C	.
Prattsville,	21 147	Harrisville,	13
Hancock,	18 165	Cadiz,	9 22
Williamsport,	27 192	New Philadelphia,	33 55
Boonsboro,	12 204	Dover, on Canal,	3 58
Frederick,	16 220	Paintville,	18 76
Baltimore, by R. R.	59 279	Wooster,	16 92
To Columbus, 0.	by the	To Pittsburg.
National Road.	Washington, Pa.	31
St. ClairsviUe,	10	Canonsburg,	7 38
Morristown,	12 22	Birmingham,	17 55
Fairview,	]2 34	Pittsburg,	1 56
Washington,	14 48
Cambridge^	7 "55	To Pittsburg, by Steam
Norwich,	15 70	Boat.
Zanesrille,	10 80	Warrenton,	8
Hebron,	27 107	Wellsburg,	6 14
Columbus,	28 135	Steubenville,	7 21

12

134

WHITE SULPHUR SPRING.

Fawcetstown,	22 43	Point Pleasant, Va.	29 170
Beaver,	19 62	Gallipolis,	3 173
Economy,	9 71	Guy an dot,	34 207
Middletown,	9 80	Burlington,	7 214
Pittsburg,	11 9]	Portsmouth,	41 255
		Manchester,	36 291
To Cincinnati^	by S. Boat.	Maysville,	10 301
Elizabethtown,	13	Ripley,	7 308
Sistersville,	35 48	Augusta,	9 317
Newport,	17 65	Point Pleasant, 0.	15 332
Marietta,	16 81	Cincinnati,	26 358
Parkersburg,	13 94	(For continuation to N. Or-
Bellville,	17 111	le ins, see " Cincinnati.")
Letart's Rapids,	30 141

White Apple, Miss. (295.) Whitehall, N. Y. (60.) White Hills, N. H. (38.)

White Plains, N. Y. (109.) White River, Ind. (123.) White R., Ark. (201.)

White Sulphur Spring, Va. (194,) in Greenbrier county, a place of fashionable resort during the months of July, August and September, and the most celebrated among the innumerable mineral springs, w^hich abound in the central parts of Virginia. The water is highly charged with sul- phuretted hydrogen gas, which affects the atmosphere at night, to a considerable distance around the spring.

Wickford, R. I. (111.) Wilderness, Va. (176.) Wilford, Ala. (298.) Wilkesbarre, Pa. (107.) Wilkesville, N. C. (213.) Williamsburg, O. (149.-) Williamsburg, Va. (198.) Williamsburg, T. (209.) Williamsburg, K. (210.) Williamsburg, Miss. (297.) Williamsboro, N. C. (216.) Williamsport, Pa. (105.) Wiliiamsport, Ind. (121.)

Williamston, Vt. (37.) Williamston, Mass. (83.) Williamston, N. C. (237.) Williamstown, N. Y. (34.) Williams, Ark. (259.) Williams, Ala. (311.) Williamsport, K. (169.) Williston, Vt. (37.) Willowgrove, Pa. (133.) WiUstown, Ala. (249.) Wilmington, Vt. (84.) Wilmington, O. (126.) Wilmington, O. (149.)

WILMINGTON.

135

Wilmington, Del. (157,) the metropolis of the state of Delaware. Population in 1830, 6,628 ; is now probably 8,000. The public buildings are a city hall, two market houses, three banks, alms house, arsenal, 13 churches, &c. There are in and about Wilmington upwards of 100 ex- tensive manufactories, chiefly on the Brandywine creek. The Brandywine springs are situated about 5 miles west of Wilmington.

ROUTES FROM WILMINGTON.

To Philadelphia, by Stage. Chester, 13

Darby, 9 21

Philadelphia, 6 28

To Baltimore, by Stage.

11 20 16 36 11 47 10 57 15 72

Christiana,

Elkton,

Havre de Grace,

Harttbrd,

Gunpowder,

Baltimore,

To Dover,

New Castle, Red Lion,

Del.

St. George's,	3 15
Trap,	4 19
Cantwell's,	4 23
Smyrna,	10 33
Hamsville,	7 40
Dover,	5 45
To Philadelphia,	by Steam
Boat.
Delaware R.	3
Marcus Hook,	8 11
Chester,	4 15
Lazaretto,	5 20
Fort Mifliin,	5 25
Gloucester Point,	5 30
Philadelphia,	3 33

Wilsons, Miss. (264.) Wilshire. O. (124.; Winchendon, Mass. (84.) Winchester, Ct. (109.) Winchester, O. (124.) Winchester, Va. (154.) Winchester, K. (169.) Winchester, T. (228.) Winchester, Miss. (298.) Wind Gap, Pa. (133.) Windham, Me. (63.) Windham, Ct. (110.)

Windsor, Vt. (61.) Windsor, Ct. (110.) Windsor, N. C. (237.) Winsboro, S. C. (253.) Winyaw Bay, S. C. (274.) Wiscasset, Me. (64.) Wisconson R., Mich. (44.) Witamky, Fl. (329.) Womelsdorf, Pa. (132.) Woodbury, N. J. (157.) Woodsfield, O. (151.) Woodstock, Me. (39.)

136 woo ZAN

Woodstock, Vt. (61.) Wooster, O. (126.)

Woodstock, Va. (175.) Worcester, Mass. (85.)

WoodviUe, Va. (175.) Worthington, O. (125.)

Woodville, Va. (197.) Wyliesburg, Va. (216.)

Woodville, Miss. (295.) Wynton, N. C. (217.)

Woodville, Lou. (324.) Wyoming, Pa. (107.)

Wisconsin, Territory of, is divided into counties.

Population, (l837,) about 20,000. Area, 267,850 square rniles. Capital, Burlington. Lat. 40° 62' N. Long. 14° 05' W.

Government. — Governor appointed by the President and Senate; and Secretary, who continue in office two years.

The judicial, as well as the executive officers of the Ter- ritory are chosen by the president of the U. States, by and with the consent of the Senate.

Physical Structure. — Extending from the Lat. of 40° 25' to 49° North, with an area equal in extent to four or five of the bordering states, the Territory of Wisconsin possesses almost every variety of soil — nothing deserving the name of mountain is found within its limits, and, with the exception of the innumerable lakes and swamps which abound in the northern part of the Territory, every part of its surface is susceptible of cultivation. Even in the lead districts, where fertility is scarcely looked for, the agricul- tural products are in no wise inferior to those of other sec- tions of the country.

Mines of lead have for many years been worked to great advantage. Copper ore has also been recently found in great abundance, and of superior quahty.

X.

Xenia, O. (149.)

Y. Yadkin R., N. C. (213.) York, Pa. (156.)

Yakunnee, Miss. (282.) York, Va. (198.)

Yancyville, Va. (196.) York H., P. (132.)

Yazoo R., Miss. (263.) York R., Va. (198.)

York, or Toronto, U. C. (54.) Yorkville, S. C. (253.) York, Me. (63.) Youngs, II. (165.)

York, II. (145.)

Z. .Zanesville, O. (150.)

TABLE OF MONEY.

137

TABZ.Z:

OF THE COMPARATIVE VALUE OF MONEYj

IN DIFFEIlENT COUNTRIES OF EUROPE, ESTIMATED

IN DOLLARS AND CENTS.

Tke fractional parts of the cents are decimals.

Great Britain.	Holland.
	$ cts.		$ cts.
Farthingr	00,46	Stiver	01,94
Penny	01,85	Scalin,	11,64
Groat	07,40	Guilder, or Florin	38,80
Shilling	22,22	Rix dollar,	97,00
Crown, or 5 shillings	Ducat	2 07,86
	1 11,16	Gold Ducat	8 00,00
Sovereign, or pound	4 44,44
Guinea, 21 shillings	4 66,66	Portugal
		Re	00,12
France.		Vinton	02,50
Denier,	00,08	Testoon	12,50
Sol, or 12 deniers.	00,92	Crusade of ex	50,00
Livre Tournois, or		Milre*	1 25,00
20 sols	18,52	Moidore	6 00,00
Ecu, or crown, 6		Joannese	8 00,00
livres	1 10,00
Pistole,* 10 Uvres	1 85,17	Italy.
Louis d'or	4 44,44	Soldi,	00,80
Franc	18.7i	Chevelet	03,18
Five fracs,	93,70	Lire*	15,92
		Testoon	23,88
Spain.		Croisade	79,60
Maravadie*	00,30	Pezzoofex*	92,60
Rial	10,00	Genouine,	1 36,12
Pistarine,	20,00	Pistole,	3 20,00
Piaster of ex*	80,00
Dollar,	1 00,00	Switzerland.
Ducat of ex*	1 10,00	Fenning	00,24
Pistole,	3 60,00	Cruitzer,	00,92

12*

138

TABLE OP MONEY.

	$ cts.	Prussia.
Sol*	02,77		$ cts.
Gulden,	55,55	Grosh,	00,86
Rix dollar,	1 00,00	Coustic	04,32
		Tinse	12,96
Austria.		Ort	15,55
Crutzer,	00,86	Florin	25,92
Grosh,	03,14	Rix dollar*	77,76
Batzen,	03,44	Ducat	2 07,40
Gould	51,85	Frederick d'or	3 88,80
Rix dollar,	77,77
Ducat,	2 07,40	Russia.
		Atlin	03,00
Sweden.		Grievencr,	10,00
Stiver	00,72	Polpotin	25,00
Copper marc	02,88	Foltin	50,00
Silver marc	08,64	Ruble	1 00,00
Copper dollar	11,52	Zervonitz	2 00,00
Caroline,	25,92
Rix dollar	1 03,70	Turkey.
Ducat	2 07,40	Mangar	00,28
		Asper*	01,12
Denmark.		Parac	03,33
Shilling	01,04	Bestic	05,55
D\iggen	06,24	Estic	11,11
Marc*	16,66	Solata	22,22
Rix marc	20,83	Piaster*	88,88
Rix ort	25,00	Caragrouch	1 11,10
Crown	66,66	Xeriff	2 22,20
Rix doUar	1 00,00
Ducat	8 83,34

* These are merely nominal, and not represented by any real coin.

CHARTS AND GEOGRAPHICAL WORKS,

Recently published, and for sale by H. S. TANNER, Geographer and Map Publisher, No. 51 South Tiiird Street, Philadelphia.

No.

1. A new American Atlas, containing Maps of the several States of the North American Union, projected and drawn on a uniform scale of fifteen miles to the inch. Price of the work in half binding, . . . $30 00

2. The same, with the Maps mounted on rollers and var- nished, 45 00

3. The same, omitting the Maps of the World and quar- ters, and reserving all those relating to North and South

' America, the States, &c. Price in half binding, 25 00

4. The same as the preceding, omitting the map of South America, and the Geographical Memoir, and reserving all the maps relating to the continent of North America, in- cluding the State Maps. Price . . 20 00

5. Atlas of the United States. Price, half bound, 8 00

6. The same pasted on pasteboards. Price 10 00

7. A new general Atlas, consisting of imperial sheet .' Maps of the World, 2 sheets ; World on Mercator's pro- I jection, Europe, Asia, Africa, America, North America,

^ South America, 2 sheets ; United States, Mexico, and Bri-

1 tish possessions. Price . . . 10 00

4 8. A new College Atlas, consisting of a series of General

Maps of the various grand divisions of the knovfn world,

imperial folio. Price, half bound, . . 5 00

9. The same as in the preceding, with the Maps pasted on thick pasteboards and varnished, for the use of schools. Price . . . . . 7 50

10. Atlas of Ancient Geography, designed to illustrate the works of the Ancient writers, both sacred and profane, 16

i select Maps on imperial quarto. Price, half bound, 3 00 I 11. A new Map of North America, on four sheets, em- ^ bracing all the recent discoveries of Ross, Parry, Franklin, Long, &,c. &;c. Price, mounted on rollers or in a portable i .form, 8 00

140 Maps, Charts, S^^c.

12. A 4 sheet Map of Europe, improved to 1836, 8 00

13. Ditto Asia, ditto. 8 00

14. Ditto Africa, ditto. 8 00

15. A new Map of South America, in 2 sheets, 4 00 The Maps numbered 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15, are usually

sold together; they form a set on which is delineated the entire surface of the earth, and form as complete a body of geographical information on the known world, as the ex- isting state of knowledge will admit.

1 6. Map of the World on the Globular projection, two sheets. Price, on rollers and varnished, . 3 00

17. A new Map of the United States of Mexico, with numerous tables. Price, in pocket case, . 1 50

18. The Traveller's Guide, or Map of the Roads, Canals, and Railway routes of the United States. Price, in pocket case, ..... 75

19. Map of the existing and contemplated Canals of the State of Pennsylvania. Price . . 1 25

20. Map of the New England States, for travellers, in pocket case, . . . . 1 00

21. Map of the State of New York, ditto. 1 00

22. Do. States of Pennsylvania and New Jersey, for travellers, in pocket case, . . 1 00

23. Maps of the States of Ohio and Indiana, do. do. 1 00

24. Ditto. Virginia, Maryland & Delaware, for travellers, in pocket case, . . 1 00

25. Maps of the Sts. of Kentucky &. Tennessee, do. 1 00 2G. Ditto. North & S. Carolina, do. do. 1 00

27. Ditto. Georgia & Alabama, do. do. 1 00

28. Ditto. Louisiana «fc Mississippi, do. 1 00

29. Ditto. Illinois 6l Missouri, do. do. 1 00

30. Map of the territory of Florida, do. do. 1 00 The same Maps are put up separately on mushn, in a

portable case. Price each, . . 2 00

31. Chart of the World on Mercator's projection, one large sheet, . . . . 1 00

32. Map of Europe, one large sheet, . 1 00

33. Map of Asia, ditto. . . 1 00

34. xMap of Africa, ditto. . . 1 00

35. Map of America, ditto. . . 1 00

Jilaps, Charts, ^-c. 141

36. The four preceding Maps pasted tog-ether on 1 sheet of canvas and rollers, suitable for schools. Price 5 50

37. Map of North America, one large sheet, 1 00

38. Map of the United States, medium sheet, 0 50

39. Map of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Newfound- land, &,c. . . . . . 1 00

40. Chart of Delaware Bay, two sheets, . 1 00

41. Dissected Maps of the World, 1 large sheet, 2 50

42. Ditto. Europe, ditto. 2 50

43. Ditto. Asia, ditto. 2 50

44. Ditto. Africa, ditto. 2 50

45. Ditto. United States, ditto. 2 00 45. The Mariner's Atmospherical Register or Weather- Book, 2 50

47. A general outline of the U. States, with plates, 2 50

48. Atlas of Outline Maps, of the World and quarters, the set, . . . . . 0 50

49. School Atlas, consisting of the World, quarters, and United States, . . . . 0 50

50. A Geological Survey of the environs of Philadelphia, with a Map coloured geologically. Price . 0 63

51. Map of the country 15 miles round Philadelphia, with the roads, public houses, &.c. in a pocket case. 0 50

52. Maps of the World, Europe, Asia, Africa & America, mounted on rollers and varnished, suitable for counting houses, schools, &c. Price each $1 50, or the set, 7 00

53. Map of Schuylkill county. Pa. on a scale of 2 miles to the inch. Price . . . . 1 00

54. The Stranger's Guide to the public buildings, places of amusement, streets, lanes, alleys, wharves, principal hotels, steam boat landings, stage offices, &c. in the city of Philadelphia and adjoining Districts, . 1 00

55. A new and authentic Map of Colombia, with its de- partments and provinces, constructed principally from the manuscript maps drawn at Bogota by order of the Colum- bian government. Price on rollers or in portable form, 5 00

Same printed on bank note paper, in pocket case, 3 50

56. A view of the United States — historical, geographical and statistical, exhibiting, in a convenient form, the na- tural and artificial features of the several states, and em-

142 Maps, Charts, 4"C.

bracing those leading- branches of history and statistics, best adapted to develope the present condition of the North American Union, illustrated with Maps, &c. by William Darby, forming an ISmo book of 600 pages, with 14 maps.

Price 2 50

57. A new Pocket Atlas, of the United States, the Maps, drawn on an unitbrm scale, with the distances from place to place. Price . . . . 1 35

58. Map of the State of Pennsylvania, . 0 38

5;). Drawing Book. No. 1. Human Figure. Price 0 38

60. Ditto " 2. Landscapes, . 0 25

61. Ditto " 3. Shipping, . 0 38

62. Ditto " 4. I/andscapes, . 0 38

63. Ditto " 5. The same coloured, 0 50

64. Ditto " 6. 'Flowers, . 0 38

65. Ditto " 7. Flowers, . 0 38

66. Ditto " 8. Flowers, . 0 38

67. Ditto " 9. Flowers, . 0 38

68. Ditto " 10. Roses, . 0 38

69. Ditto containing 8 sheets of Flowers col'd. 1 00 70. A new and elegant Map of the United States, on a

scale of 30 miles to the inch— 5 feet 4 inches long, and 4 feet 2 inches high. Price of the Map, on rollers or in a portable form ., . . . . 10 00

Ditto in pocket case, . . . 7 50

This map contains the following supplementary maps, plans, &c.

1 Plan of the city of Boston. I 5 of Washington.

2 of New York. | 6 of Charleston.

3 of Philadelphia. 7 of New Orleans.

4 of Baltimore. | 8 Map of the environs of Boston.

Albany, Saratoga, ^c. New York and New Brunswick. Philadelphia and Trenton. Baltimore and Washington. Savannah, Georgia. Pittsburg, Pennsylvania,

15 General Map of Oregon and Manden Districts.

16 Chart of the outlet of Oregon river.

9	of
10	of
11	of
12	of
13	of
14	of

Maps, Chains, <^^c. 143

17 South Part of Florida.

18 Profile of the Grand Portage, I^Iainc.

19 Statistical Table of the Western Districts.

20 of United States, exhibiting the Area, Capital, Metropolis, with its latitude, longitude, and population ; date of constitution ; lime of stated meeting of the Legislature; day of general election; population of 1830, of each state and territory in the Union.

71. Memoir on the recent Surveys, Observations and Internal Improvements in the United States, with brief no- tices of the new counties, towns, villages, canals and rail- roads, never before delineated, by H. S. Tanner. Intend- ed to accompany his new Map of the United States, Price 1 00

72. Map of the United States, including the Western Districts. Price . . . . 0 75

73. Print. View of Mount Vernon, . 0 50

74. The same coloured, . . 0 75

75. Atlas of the state of South Carolina, containing maps of the several districts drawn on an uniform scale of two miles to the inch, . . . , 12 00

76. The same maps put in a portable form, at a price from $3 50 to $1 50 each.

77. Map of the state of South Carolina on four sheets, drawn and pubUshed in conformity to the law of the State, 5 00

78. A view of West Florida, embracing its geography, topography, &:c. with an appendix treating of its antiqui- ties, land titles, and proposed canals, with maps, by J. L. Williams. Price . . . . 2 00

79. Map of the western part of Florida, extending from Mobile bay to the Suwannee river, both inclusive, in pocket case, ..... 1 00^

80. A map of the state of New Jersey, with parts of the adjoining states, engraved on three sheets, by Thomas Gor-. don. Improved to 1833. Mounted on rollers or in a por-^ table form. Price . . . . 8 00

81. Plan of the city of Pittsburg and adjacent country. Price, in pocket case, . . • 1 00

82. Map of Northampton and Lehigh counties. Pa. on rollers, . , . . . 1 75

144 Maps, Charts, ^c,

83. The same in pocket case, . . 1 0(

84. Map of Montgomery county, Penn. on rollers, 1 7.'

85. The same in pocket case, . . 1 0(

86. Map of Bucks county, Penn. on rollers, 1 75

87. The same in pocket case, . . 1 00

88. Map of Luzerne county, Penn. on rollers, 1 75

89. The same in a pocket case, . . 1 00

90. Map of Chester county, Penn. on rollers, 1 75

91. The same in a pocket case, . . 1 00

92. Map of Huntingdon county, Penn. on rollers, 1 75

93. The same in a pocket case, . . 1 00

94. Map of Somerset county, Penn. on rollers, 1 75

95. The same in a pocket case, . . 1 00

96. Map of Dauphin and Lebanon counties, Penn.

on rollers, . . _ . . . 1 75

97. The same in a pocket case, . . 1 00

98. Map of Philadelphia county, Penn. on rollers, 1 75

99. The same in a pocket case, . . 1 00 The above county maps are projected on an uniform scale

of two and a half miles to an inch.

100. Map of Texas, on one large sheet, compiled by S. F. Austin, . . . . 1 00

101. The same in pocket case, . . 150

102. The Traveller's Pocket Map of New York, 0 38

103. Ditto ditto Pennsylvania, 0 38

104. Ditto ditto Virginia, 0 38

105. Ditto ditto North Carolina, 0 38

2-97^2^9^^ ?

!|t*

LIBRARY OF CONGRESS

0 011 272 451 5 ^

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