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THE AMERICAN TURF

AN HISTORICAL ACCOUNT OF
RACING IN THE UNITED STATES

WITH

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF TURF CELEBRITIES

M-DCCC-XC-VIII

THE HISTORICAL COMPANY
NEW YORK

Copyright, 1898, by
The Historical Company

NICOLL & ROY COMPANY
PRINTERS, NEW YORK

PREFACE

WITHIN the lifetime of the present generation racing
has attained the highest importance and popularity
of any sport in the United States, while the blood horse has
taken a position in public estimation only second to that
held by his compeers of Great Britain, the native home
of his race. It is true that love of the horse and interest
in his capabilities have never at any time in our history
been lacking on the part of Americans. In this respect,
indeed, our countrymen have frankly confessed their
origin, and have been true to one of the principal
traits of character that distinguish the English speaking
people. Nevertheless, despite the attention that was
early given to the running turf in this country, the com-
plete development of this sport and a full recognition of
the importance of the thoroughbred horse have been of
comparatively recent growth. It is almost within the
remembrance of those now living when racing was con-
fined to particular sections, when breeding the noble
animals who minister to the highest of sports was con-
ducted on a small scale, and when their perform-
ances on the track awakened, outside of the circle
especially devoted to racing, only a very limited popular
interest.

It is our privilege to live at a time when this condition
of affairs has passed away almost completely and, it is
confidently hoped, permanently. Discouragement now
no longer confronts the sportsman whose intelligent
efforts are directed toward the improvement of the horse
or the demonstration of his powers. Instead there is
even exhibited a liberal and increasing degree of public
appreciation of the benefit which is thus conferred upon
the community at large, apart from the mere relaxation
which the sport affords its patrons.

Racing has also helped to break down the sectional
barriers which formerly existed between the various
divisions of our country. While the turf owes so much
of its present popularity and success to unselfish devotion
and unstinted expenditure on the part of men of wealth,
it remains a truly democratic sport, the legitimate pleas-
ures of which can be shared by all classes, and which is
therefore eminently suited to the spirit that animates our
national life. The widespread interest that is shown in
it is no longer limited by any sectional considerations.
It furthermore creates fuller general knowledge of the
capabilities of all parts of the land and arouses the spirit
of national pride, demonstrating as it does the wonderful
diversity of natural conditions within the limits of the
United States. These things are conspicuously displayed
in the animals that the different sections produce and the

modification and improvement of horseflesh that results
under variations of soil and climate.

Moreover, the popularity of the turf with the very class
whose presence is most needed to insure its continued
existence and healthy devolpment is fully assured. Its
honors are, as they should be, sufficient to draw into
the ranks of its active supporters those who are foremost
in our social and business life. Men of the highest
standing and greatest wealth are numbered among its
most active participants. As already intimated, they
have taken the lead in raising the standard of the Amer-
ican horse. Their private breeding establishments,
conducted on a scale unequaled in any part of the world,
have given the most successful and remarkable evidence
of the science and skill that can be devoted to the pro-
duction of perfect animals, and the appreciation which
their efforts call forth is a powerful inducement to others
to follow their example. At the same time it is to
gentlemen of such character that the patrons of the turf
look for the regulation of its affairs upon the basis which
alone can render it a sport worthy of public confidence.
In this respect, too, there is every reason for congratu-
lation on the part of all lovers of the horse.

Considerations such as these have led to the prepara-
tion of this volume. A demand has often been expressed
by the general public and the turf world for a publication
such as it has been the aim of both the editors and the
publishers to make this book. Interest in the subject
which is treated in the following pages has never been
fully satisfied. It has been our object to present an
accurate account of the development and conditions of
racing and of the thoroughbred horse in America, in a
form which, while rendering the volume authoritative
and accurate, may increase popular knowledge of the
turf, past and present.

Commencing with an historical account of the running
turf of this country at its inception in colonial days, the
book thence pursues the subject through the golden age
of racing in the first half of the nineteenth century, and
also reviews the developments of more recent times by
which contemporaneous racing has been elevated to its
present condition of importance and dignity. The story
is told of some of the most famous racing events known
to the American turf from the time of the great four-mile
contests down to the Suburbans and Futurities of to-day
and concise histories of a few of the great thorough-
breds that have distinguished the American turf are also
presented, with an account of the ventures of American
horsemen on the English turf,

THE AMERICAN TURF

The extraordinary advancement of racing in the pres-
ent generation has, however, rendered the subject too
large to be treated entirely in the historical form that has
just been indicated. It is a complex theme and necessi-
tates detailed reference to the racing careers of innumer-
able individuals and descriptions, historical and otherwise,
of many organizations and properties devoted in one way
or another to the purposes of the sport. A biographical
form was, therefore, after mature consideration, adopted
as the most satisfactory method of setting forth the many
interesting details concerning the individual components
of our racing world of to-day. Its organizers and
leaders, with the official heads of the various bodies
connected with it, command the first attention, almost
equaling whom in interest are the leading breeders of
the country and their establishments. The owners and
trainers involving, as their turf histories do, the records
and performances of their horses, past and present, are
next in order, following whom are the jockeys of the
past and the present, a body about whose achievements
there is always a large and legitimate amount of public
curiosity. The large interests now involved in book-
making and the individual representatives of that pro-
fession are next treated, while finally, attention is
directed to the racing associations and their tracks.

Our task has been both novel and difficult, and was
undertaken and has been carried out with due recogni-
tion of this fact, as well as of the requirements of accu-
racy and of devotion to the true interests of the turf. It
is believed that nothing has been presented in its pages
that does not conform to those purposes. The labors
incident to the preparation of the volume have been ex-
acting and sometimes discouraging, but, on the whole,
have been pleasurable and satisfactory. The total
absence of reliable information relating to the early years
of the American turf has been the one serious obstacle in
the way of a comprehensive and reliable story of that
interesting period, but it is believed that what is set
forth in the chapters devoted to those years is more
complete, and will be found more valuable, than any-
thing of the kind ever printed before.

A work of this character, essentially a compilation,
must depend for much of its subject-matter upon pre-
vious publications that have treated with more or less
fulness different phases of American turf history. We
have drawn freely from those sources of information,
as well as from the personal recollections of prominent

turfmen, and from many original records and private
papers. In some instances due credit has been given to
the authorities upon whom we have relied, but it has
not been possible to do that in every case. We desire,
however, to make here a general acknowledgment of
our indebtedness to many gentlemen, and especially to
some of the more important publications, to whom we
have freely placed ourselves under obligations. Those
well-known sporting journals, The Spirit of the Times
and The Turf, Field and Farm, are so well recognized as
mines of information regarding turf matters, that it
seems quite superfluous to say that any one attempting
to compile a work of this character must almost of
necessity make a very generous use of their columns.
The daily newspapers of the last half century, and occa-
sionally some of our leading magazines, especially Out-
ing, Harper's and The Century, have also contributed
much general information on the subject. Outing in
particular has published within the last few years many
articles in relation to the thoroughbred and racing that
are well nigh invaluable.

Of the older period of the American turf, probably
nothing can surpass in interest and in value Frank
Forester's Horse and Horsemanship of the United States
and British Provinces of North America. The historian
of those early years finds himself, to a very surprising
degree, dependent upon this volume, which, although
not wholly accurate or reliable, still remains the best
authority that we possess upon the subject. Special
attention must be called in this connection to The Horse
of America in His Derivation, History and Development,
by Mr. John H. Wallace, the eminent turf writer and ex-
pert, a book that was published in 1897. Although Mr.
Wallace has devoted himself in this volume almost
entirely to the trotting horse with whom he has been so
conspicuously identified throughout his life, he gives
much valuable information in regard to the early history
of the American thoroughbred. His researches into the
history of the horse in the colonial period have been
exhaustive, and have thrown great light upon those
hitherto neglected times. His original discoveries from
old records and newspapers are of a valuable character,
and it is no less a pleasure than a duty for the editor of
this volume to acknowledge particular indebtedness to
his book in these respects.

LYMAN HORACE WEEKS
Editor

f

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AN HISTORICAL ACCOUNT

OF RACING

IN THE UNITED STATES

^

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INTRODUCTION OF THE HORSE INTO AMERICA

Origin and Early History of thk English Thoroughbred — First Colonial Importations of Stallions

AND Mares and their Produce — Primitive Racing in New York,

New England and the South.

<"' HAT an historical review of the American turf
-^ would be manifestly incomplete did it not pre-
sent some general consideration of the origin
and career of this "sport of kings" among
our forefathers in England must be fully apparent to any
one who has even moderate acquaintance with the sub-
ject. It is quite without the scope that is proposed for
this volume, and, indeed, needless for our purpose, to
trace fully the genesis of the thoroughbred horse. That
is a task that has been done so often and so thoroughly
by other pens as to call for no repetition in this connec-
tion. Nevertheless, from the very nature of the case, it
is impossible to have a comprehensive or intelligent
understanding of the American thoroughbred without at
least some general reference to his progenitors on the
other side of the Atlantic.

The thoroughbred is a horse that has been developed
for the special use of the running turf. He is of mixed
origin, tracing his pedigree back to ancestors of many
divergent races. But he breeds so true at the present
stage of his development and his family is confined
within such well defined limits as to give full justification
for his title. Although since its inception, nearly four
centuries ago, his race has multiplied and spread its like-
ness over all the world, maintaining a superiority in
every clime wherein it has been reproduced, England
was the cradle in which he was nurtured and has been
the scene of his great successes. He is commonly
spoken of as being of purely Arabian origin, but the
historical accuracy of that ascription has been forcibly
denied by many authorities, who have pointed out that
other strains of blood, even more important and more
powerful than the traditional Arabian, have contributed
to his perfection. Without venturing upon a considera-
tion of these disputed points at this time it is wholly
sufficient for our present purpose to start with the undis-
puted historic fact that the modern thoroughbred in the
beginning was developed to his present stately size and
form by careful selection and breeding under the excep-
tionally favorable climatic influences of Great Britain.
Both for speed and endurance the English blood horse is
the most perfect animal of his race that has ever been
produced since the world began. The American thor-
oughbred traces directly without mixture to English and
still further back, through the English, to the original

parentage, be that Turkish, Arabian, Spanish or other.
Hence it is that we are brought face to face with the
absolute necessity of reverting to the creation of the
English variety in order to come at the pedigree, to fol-
low the history and to analyze the characteristics of the
American horse of this class.

Should we undertake to trace to its primal origin the
utilization of the horse in contests of speed, as distin-
guished from his use as a draught animal or a war steed,
we should find ourselves in the course of this investiga-
tion, traveling far back beyond modern times. Horse
racing in one form or other was a popular indulgence
among the most ancient historic peoples of whom any
record has been handed down to us, while centuries
before the modern thoroughbred had ever been dreamed
of, breeding and training were scientifically practiced.
The early Assyrians and Egyptians, as well as other
Eastern nations, learned to value the horse, not alone for
his practical usefulness, but also for his racing prowess.

The horse played a prominent part in the ancient life
of Greece, and perhaps the earliest example of racing
recorded in literature is that in Homer's Iliad, where the
various incidents of the chariot race at the funeral games
held in honor of Patroclus, are detailed with much vivid-
ness. The Greeks spared neither pains nor expense in
order to arrive at excellence in speed, endurance and
condition. Chariot races were introduced into the
Olympic games as early as the year 680 B. C, the
twenty-fifth Olympiad. Four-horse chariot races, two-
horse chariot races, racing with mounted horses, loose
horse races, mule races and special races for under-aged
horses early became established features of these games.
In all the other national games of Greece similar contests
had prominent place. To such a height did the passion
for horse racing attain among the Greeks that the Boeo-
tians named one of the months of the year Hippodromius
or horse racing month. Alcibiades, the Athenian, at
one time had no less than seven four-horse chariots in
the Olympic games and carried off three prizes. Aris-
tophanes speaks of the horse breeding mania among the
noble youths of Athens, a pursuit that often brought
them to impoverishment. The Romans followed the
Greeks in their enthusiasm for this sport, and to own
a large and valuable stable was a mark of high dis-
tinction among the wealthy patricians.

THE AMERICAN TURF

Although it has remained for the English people to
develop this sport to the highest degree and to make a
distinct science of breeding and training, there exists
comparatively little historical evidence to show that the
ancient Britons were at all interested in any form of the
amusement. The few native horses that they possessed
were probably devoted exclusively to domestic and to
war purposes. Among some of the Germanic tribes,
however, horse racing was a feature of religious festivals
from the very earliest historic period, and, that animals
from this breed were introduced into Great Britain from
Gaul and chariot races established there long before the
Christian era, seems to be unquestionable. The invasion
of the island by the Romans introduced a new infusion of
blood, for the native horse was crossed to a considerable
extent by the horses that came with the conquerors.
After the Romans had departed and the country was
brought under the domination of the Saxons, consider-
able attention began to be paid to the purely English
breed, and racing took on something of a tentative
character.

It is difficult, however, to trace with any degree of
confidence back to its inception the history of horse
racing in England. That it went beyond the time of the
Roman invasion is probably true, and the Romans
established many race courses in the country. The first
definite mention of the sport is made by Malmesbury,
who speaks of certain running horses that were sent in
the ninth century by Hugh Capet, founder of the royal
house of France, as a present to King Athelstane, to
whose sister, Ethelswitha, he was paying court. Very
soon the people began to manifest a desire to preserve a
monopoly of the breed that had been introduced among
them and that had evidently been improved by crossing
with the native breed. In the year 930 a law was passed
prohibiting the exportation of horses of any description.
It was also in Athelstane's reign that many Spanish
horses were imported, and these undoubtedly had a
strong influence upon the thoroughbred stock that was
to come upon the scene some seven centuries later.

During the reign of William the Conqueror many
fine animals were brought into the country from Nor-
mandy, Flanders and Spain and about the same time
Roger de Belesmy, Earl of Shrewsbury, introduced sev-
eral Spanish stallions into his Welsh dominions in order
to improve the stock then existing. The first Arab
horse ever imported into Great Britain came in the reign
of Henry I., 1100-35. Alexander I., King of Scotland,
presented the animal to the Church of St. Andrews, but
the progeny of this steed, if any there were, has never
been recorded. In the early part of the twelfth century,
a regular race course was established in London, the
celebrated Smithfield, at once horse market and race
course. The description of this affair, appearing in an

account of the horse market held at Smithfield Plain,
was written by William Fitz-Stephen and is the earliest
printed account of English horse racing. The author
says:

" When a race is to be run by such horses as these,
and perhaps by others which, in like manner, according
to their breed, are strong for carriage and vigorous for
the course, the people raise a shout and order the com-
mon horses to be withdrawn to another part of the field.
The jockeys, who are boys expert in the management
of horses, which they regulate by means of curb bridles,
sometimes by threes and sometimes by twos, as the
match is made, prepare themselves for the contest.
Their chief aim is to prevent a competitor from getting
before them. The horses, too, after their manner, are
eager for the race; their limbs tremble, and, impatient of
delay they cannot stand still; upon the signal being
given they stretch out their limbs, hurry on the course,
and are borne along with unremitting speed. The
riders, inspired with the love of praise and the hope of
victory, clap spurs to their flying horses, lashing them
with whips and inciting them by their shouts."

In the latter part of the same century, about the time
that Richard Coeur de Lion was reigning, the nobility
indulged themselves in running their horses at certain
seasons of the year and especially in the Easter and
Whitsuntide holidays. In the old metrical romance of
Sir Bevis of South Hampton it is said:

" In summer at Whitsuntide,
When Knights must on horse ride,
A course let them make on a day,
Steedes and Palfraye for to assaye,
Which horse that best may ren.
Three miles in the course was then.
Who that might ryde him shoulde
Have forty pounds of ready golde."

It has been pointed out that here we have an authen-
tic record of something nearly resembling a real race
with a limited course and a valuable prize, the Smith-
field runnings, described by Malmesbury, seeming to
savor more of horse dealers' displays in order to sell,
than of real races. Running horses are mentioned in
the register of royal expenditures in the reign of King
John, who succeeded Richard Coeur de Lion. The Ed-
wards, II., III. and IV., were breeders of horses and
Henry VIII. also imported running horses from the East.
Public races were established at Chester as early as 15 12,
and, some thirty years after, silver bells, denominated St.
George's bells, were offered as prizes. Horse racing
came very considerably in vogue in the closing years of
the sixteenth century and during the reign of James I.,
1603-25, it seems to have been finally permanently es-
tablished in public favor. In this period private matches
between gentlemen who were their own jockeys be-

THE AMERICAN TURF.

came very common and at the same time the first public
race meetings were established.

King James made special efforts to improve the breed
of native horses by importations and thenceforth breed-
ing was constantly and progressively attended to. The
King in person imported Markham's Arabian, for which
he paid ^soo, but the horse was not a success, being
frequently defeated, so that the Turkish and Spanish
Barbs and the native race horses still continued to be
held in preference. From this time on very many Ara-
bian, Turkish and Barbary stallions and mares were
brought into England and their progeny, with some in-
fusion of the heavier built horses native to the country,
resulted in a breed of animals possessing at once more
graceful outline, more rapid action and superior bottom
and endurance, than had been exhibited in any that had
preceded them. In support of the contention that the
Arabian had less to do with the origin of the modern
English thoroughbred than is popularly believed, the list
of the earliest imported horses found recorded in the
English Stud Book is called in evidence. This list gives
the name of twenty-five different animals, of which four
were unquestioned Arabians, four were called Arabians,
while the others were Turks and Barbs.

Race meetings were regularly held at Newmarket and
elsewhere during the reign of King James, and upon the
advent of Charles I., who ascended to the throne in 1625
and who was a more enthusiastic patron of the turf than
any of his predecessors, the sport advanced still furthur
in popular favor. Even during the Commonwealth in-
terest in the development of the horse did out die out.
The Lord Protector, Oliver Cromwell, established a
breeding stud, and one of the stallions that he owned
was the celebrated Place's White Turk, which shared
with the Markham Arabian the distinction of being one
of the first Eastern horses of celebrity in England.
Among the backslidings which the Puritan party ascribed
to Richard Cromwell, son of the Protector, was his de-
votion to horse racing.

The restoration of the Stuarts in 1660, not only opened
a new chapter in the evolution of the thoroughbred, but
it also marks the beginning of the modern turf. Charles
II., the Merry Monarch, was an enthusiastic sportsman
and made Newmarket one of his chosen resorts; he was
the first monarch who ever entered and ran horses in
his own name. More than this, indeed, he contributed
to the promotion of the kingly sport. His importations
were numerous and valuable, among them being several
Eastern horses and mares, the latter, under the title of
the royal mares, taking a very important place in the
earlier pedigrees that are set down in the Stud Book. It
has been persistently held by many English turf writers
that these royal mares were true Arabians. There has
never been any conclusive evidence upon this point, for

the King seems to have sent agents to Barbary as well as
to the Levant and elsewhere to purchase horses for him.
But whether Arabians or not the royal mares were a
most important addition to the English stud and left a
very decided impress upon the English thoroughbred.

The courtiers of King Charles II. were not slow in fol-
lowing the royal example, so that racing and the owner-
ship and breeding of race horses became one of the
chosen amusements of the British aristocracy, and have
thus remained without interruption down to the present
day. The Duke of Monmouth, the illegitimate son of
Charles, was a noted turfite and visited Paris with a
string of horses in answer to a challenge from Louis
XIV., the Grand Monarque, the English horses, on that
occasion, sweeping everything before them in the races
that were held at the French capital. It was under such
patronage, alike of royalty and nobility, that the ground
was finally laid for the creation of a breed of animals that
were to surpass anything in the world in speed and bot-
tom. Nevertheless, even though vastly superior to the
old running hack of previous generations, the thorough-
bred race horse of that period was, as yet, only a poor
performer on the turf when compared with such later
giants as Flying Childers and Eclipse, who were soon to
make their appearance in the arena.

Finishing touches toward the establishment of the turf
as a great national institution in England were given
during the successive reigns of William ill. and Queen
Anne. William III. and his Queen Mary were patrons
of racing and gave several plates to be run for, while
Queen Anne and her consort, Prince George of Den-
mark, kept a fine stud. During this period the three
great Eastern stallions to whom the modern thorough-
bred invariably traces back as the founders of his lineage
first made their appearance. These were Byerly Turk,
the Godolphin Arabian and the still more celebrated
Darley Arabian. Byerly Turk, the first of these three
great sires, was in England previous to 1689. He was
ridden by his owner. Captain Byerly, in King William's
wars. He was the sire of Jig, the grandsire of Partner
and the sire, four removes, of King Herod. The Godol-
phin Arabian, who was foaled in 1704 and died in 1753,
was imported into France from Barbary, a present from
the Emperor of Morocco to Louis XIV. Thence he came
into possession of a coffee-house keeper in London, and
subsequently was taken into the stud of Lord Godolphin,
after whom he was named. He was the sire of Cade,
Regulus and other noted horses, and it was said of him,
years ago, that "there is not a superior horse on the
turf without a cross of the Godolphin Arabian."

In the latter years of the reign of Queen Anne the most
flimous Arabian of pure breed in the annals of the English
turf was brought into the country. This, the third of
these three great sires, was the Kehilan Ras-el Fedawi,

13

THE AMERICAN TURF.

purchased from the Anazeh by Mr. Darley, an English
gentleman residing in Aleppo, who sent the colt to his
brother in the North Riding of Yorkshire. Known hence-
forth as the Darley Arabian, he became the progenitor
of Flying Childers, Almanzor, Daedalus, Eclipse, Snap,
King Herod and others. The performances of Flying
Childers formed the second epoch in English turf his-
tory. From that moment pure Kehilan blood was more
eagerly sought than ever. Flying Childers, a handsome
chestnut horse, was foaled in 171 5 out of Betty Leeds, a
mare who is said to have produced no other offspring.
He was the fastest horse that ever ran upon the New-
market course, or anywhere else in England, and never
was beaten. The Godolphin Arabian took up the
mantle of the Darley and between them they may be
said to have recreated the English thoroughbred, nearly
every important horse running on the turf in succeed-
ing generations tracing its origin from these two.

The get of these three stallions, Byerly Turk, Godol-
phin Arabian and Darley Arabian, by mares boasting, in
nearly all cases, of more or less Eastern blood, represents
the consummation of the whole process of evolution, and
it only remained to fix the breed by a judicious inter-
mingling of their several progenies. Moreover, it may
be remarked that subsequent attempts to introduce fresh
Arabian blood into the thoroughbred race horse has
never been attended by happy results, though breeders
in England and America have spared neither expense nor
labor in the effort. In the generation immediately suc-
ceeding the Byerly Turk, Godolphin Arabian and Darley
Arabian, we tlnd among their sons and daughters such
names of importance, either as racers or in the stud, as
Flying Childers, Jig, Lath, Cade, Regulus, Monica,
Aleppo, Almanzor and others and are carried down to
the three great sires of a later day, the immortal Eclipse
and the hardly less celebrated King Herod and Matchem,
Eclipse representing the choicest result of the Darley
Arabian's line, as Herod does that of the Byerly Turk
and Matchem of the Godolphin Arabian. When Flying
Childers and Eclipse appeared nothing equal to their
speed had ever been seen in England or perhaps even
expected. It cannot be doubted that their wonderful
attainments were the result of the new infusion of this
best . Anazeh blood from their immediate ancestors.
Still, it is interesting and important to recognize that
the infusion was an infusion only and the incomparable
Childers and Eclipse themselves, although far more
nearly Arabian than any of their predecessors, had more
than one strain of inferior blood.

This brief review of the origin and history of the
English thoroughbred has brought us down to the
time when the Englishmen who were settling the
colonies in America that were ultimately to become
the United States, were beginning to give some con-

sideration to the subject that was engaging the attention
of their brethren whom they had left behind when they
had come to establish new homes for themselves in the
New World. Back of this, however, there is an inter-
esting chapter relative to the first introduction of the
horse into this country. Although this has very little to
do with the history of the American thoroughbred, it
may be well just to recall the fact, as a matter of record,
that the history of the horse in America goes back over
four hundred years. Columbus, when he came on his
second voyage to this country in 1493, brought several
animals for the purpose of creating a stock. In 1527
Cabe^a de Vaca brought forty-two horses to Florida,
which were the first ever introduced into the United
States; these all perished or were killed. The next im-
portation was that of De Soto, who brought a heavy
force of cavalry on the expedition that resulted in the
discovery of the Mississippi River; when his party
returned home their horses were abandoned and from
them, it is generally believed, originated the wild horses
of Texas and the prairies, which have always been
strongly marked by the characteristics of Spanish blood.
Many horses were brought over from Europe in the
other early expeditions of the Spanish invaders and these
also contributed to the hordes of wild animals that have
long existed, both in South and North America.

At a much later date, however, the history of the
American thoroughbred really begins, and it has no con-
nection whatsoever with these earlier sporadic importa-
tions. As has been just pointed out, the English thor-
oughbred horse was in process of development, princi-
pally during the seventeenth century and the early part
of the century following. The importation of Barbs
and Arabians into Great Britain and their engraftment
upon the horse of the old native stock began about the
time that Virginia and New England were established,
and it was not until these and their sister communities
had attained to a commercial and political growth that
entitled them to throw off the yoke of the mother coun-
try that the modern race horse, in their old home across
the sea, had achieved its perfection, or that the English
turf had risen to the plane of a national institution.

The first settlers of the American colonies brought a
few domestic animals with them, and some of these, as
might be expected, were English horses of pure blood.
This was particularly true of those men of birth who, at
home, had been attached to the cavalier party, and who
brought with them an mherited and cultivated taste for
the turf. A letter of one of the earlier settlers, who came
to Virginia on the ship The Blessing, states that the
company brought as part of the cargo, six mares and two
horses. According to the report of the Governor and
Council of the Virginia Colony in 1610, the colonists
who had already been settled there a little more than

I

14

THE AMERICAN TURF.

three ye;irs, h;id in their possession several horses and
mares. Another company of Virginia colonists brought
with them in 1611, along with other domestic ani-
mals, seventeen horses and mares. Instances might be
further multiplied to show that the importation of horses
by all the companies of colonists arriving in Virginia
during the first half of the seventeenth century were re-
garded as matters of supreme importance, alike by the
settlers here and their agents in London.

In 1620 the Virginia Company, of London, sent to its
colony a shipment' of twenty mares, and in 1637 the ex-
portation of mares from the colony was prohibited, a
restriction that remained in force for more than a decade.
Some of the early Virginia horses came to the colony by
the way of Canada. The French, who settled Canada in
1602, brought a few horses with them. These animals
were of Norman breed, but did not attain to great value,
save as working horses, in which respect, however, they
were exceedingly useful to the colonists. Captain
Argall, who made a raid upon the French settlement of
Port Royal in 161 3, carried back to Virginia most of
these first French-Canadian horses. For half a century
after the settlers of Canada got along practically without
horses, for it was not until 1665, when the Marquis de
Traci came over as Viceroy, that these animals in any
considerable number were again brought to that part of
North America.

Coincident with the importation of horses into the
South came their arrival in the more northern colonies.
It is believed that the first immigrants who came to New
Netherland in 1625 brought several horses with them
and from time to time after that there were other impor-
tations of like character. In April, 1625, Pieter Evertsen
Hulft contracted with the directors of the Dutch West
India Company to ship to New Netherland, for the use
of the colonists, one hundred head of cattle, including
stallions and mares. Three vessels were prepared for this
service, one for horses, another for cows and a third to
carry hay and other food supplies. Considerable careful
attention seems to have been paid to the animals. Each
had its own stall with a floor of three feet of sand and,
being well attended and provided with plenty of water
and forage, only two of the stock died on the voyage
over. They were less fortunate after landing in the
New World, for twenty of them were soon poisoned
from feeding on rank weeds in the pastures. Those
who survived were, however, rapidly added to by im-
portation and by breeding and were generally distributed
throughout the colony. Father Jogues, writing in 1644,
said that every new settler in New Netherland received
a loan of horses, cows, etc., and of provisions, which he
repaid at his own convenience. From the same author-
ity we learn that " at Rensselaerswyck the people raise
chiefly wheat and oats for beer and for their horses, of

which they had great stock." In 1643, several cargoes
of horses were brought from Curacoa and Azuba in the
IJutch West Indies, but they do not seem to have flour-
ished, perhaps, as has been suggested, on account of the
change of climate. The colonists were anxious to be rid
of them and, in 1647, Isaac Allerton, their agent, was
authorized to sell them to the Virginians.

Cornells Van Tienhoven wrote in 1650 that a young
mare with her second or third foal was worth from one
hundred and fifty to one hundred and sixty florins, about
sixty dollars, and a four or five-year old stallion one hun-
dred and thirty florins. At the same time, in New Eng-
land, a good mare sold for one hundred to one hundred
and twenty florins, and a stallion for one hundred florins,
the animals being more numerous in that colony. A
description of New Netherland by Adrian Vanderdonk,
published in 1656, says: "The horses are of the proper
breed for husbandry, having been brought from Utrecht
for that purpose, and this stock has not diminished in
size or quality. There are also horses of the English
breed, which are lighter, not so good for agricultural
use, but fit for the saddle. These do not cost so much
as the Netherlands breed and are easily obtained."
Arnoldus Montanus, in his " Description of New Nether-
land," published in 1671, also speaks of the horses from
Utrecht as being superior to the English stock.

In 1629 horses were brought to the Massachusetts Bay
Colony, but the early settlers in the Plymouth Colony do
not seem to have had their animals with them, for Will-
iam Bradford nowhere makes mention of them in his
writings. Probably the Plymouth colonists obtained
such as they needed from their immediate neighbors of
the Massachusetts Bay Colony. The first general letter,
written in 1629 by the Governor and Deputy Governor
of New England for the plantation of Massachusetts Bay,
provides that " all the cattle, including horses and mares
shipped to the colony, shall be equally divided between
the shipper and the company." Soon after that date six
vessels were despatched to the colony, one of which,
The Lyons Whelp, brought over ten mares and horses.
A second letter from the company in London to Gover-
nor Endicott advises him regarding the care of the cattle,
especially the mares, and Mr. White, minister, recom-
mends that William Dodge, "a skilful and painful hus-
bandman, be appointed to the charge of a team of
horses."

When Governor John Winthrop came to the colony
on the ship Arabella, in 1630, he brought with him sixty
horses, along with many cattle. In the same year the
Mayflower and the Whale arrived in Charlestown, with
most of their live stock cargo dead, however, including
a mare and a horse belonging to Winthrop, although, as
he writes in his journal, "Some stone horses came over
in good plight." During the next few years there were

15

THE AMERICAN TURF.

other importations into the Massachusetts colonies and
in 1635 two Dutch ships from the Texel arrived in Salem
bringing twenty-seven Flanders mares and three horses,
the former valued at thirty-four pounds each. From
this time forward horses began to increase in all the
New England colonies and soon became objects of con-
siderable traffic, being especially in demand by the
Dutch in New Amsterdam and also by the people of the
West Indies. When the Reverend Thomas Hooker went
into the wilderness to found the city of Hartford, on the
banks of the Connecticut River, he was carried in a horse
litter and his company had other horses with them.
Among those who early turned their attention to raising
horses was Dr. John Clarke, of Boston, who intro-
duced the breed long known in that part of the country
by his name. He died in 1664, leaving a large stock of
horses, mares and colts in Massachusetts and Plymouth.

In the first instance nearly all these original equine
emigrants were unquestionably working animals of a
nondescript character, probably below the average of the
nags that in the Old England of those days did service -
in agriculture or for ordinary purposes of transporting
goods or travelers. It is, indeed, supposed that the
wants of the colonists in this respect were in part sup-
plied from the Spanish possessions in South and Central
America, where the Moorish type of horses had been
domesticated for several generations before the ancestors
of the American people became permanently established
on this side of the Atlantic. There is, however, little
evidence on this point, and the question is in itself not
important.

As the principles of scientific breeding became better
known in the Old World, and as it was reaUzed there
that the horse of high degree surpassed his plebian fel-
lows in speed, endurance and general usefulness, a bet-
ter class of animals seems to have found its way to the
colonies. References to such facts are, however, scat-
tering, and have little bearing upon the subject of this
inquiry. It was not until a comparatively later period
that attention was paid in this country to the highest
type of horses, and then they were derived directly from
the running turf of England itself In fact until the
eighteenth century was well advanced, we discover no
firm ground upon which to stand in the consideration of,
either, the condition of horseflesh in the colonies or the
existence of racing, except of the most sporadic and
primitive character.

Notwithstanding the early introduction of horses into
New England the Puritans who settled in that part of the
country, were, of course, on religious principles, averse
to all kinds of sports or anything savoring of indulgence
or recreation. They regarded horse racing with particu-
lar disfavor because it was a pastime and pursuit spe-
cially identified in their minds with the kings and princes

of the Stuart dynasty, and the cavalier nobility and gerl-
try of the mother country, with whom they had been
so long at issue, and to escape from whom they had
emigrated to America. The early statutes of all the
New England colonies imposed severe penalties upon
"horse coursing." In 1778, in Connecticut, the law
prohibited horse racing under the penalty of forfeiture of
the horse and a fine of forty shillings. At the same
time, however, it appears that racing was indulged in
to a considerable extent in Rhode Island as early as the
opening years of the century, Silver plate prizes were
run for, and many of these mementos of the ancient
sport are preserved to this day. Before the middle of
the century, however, racing and the betting coincident
therewith had attained to such importance that the in-
herent religious spirit of the community protested against
them, so that in 1749, the General Court of that colony
prohibited racing under a penalty of the forfeiture of the
horse and a fine of one hundred dollars. Similar enact-
ments to those passed in Connecticut and Rhode Island
were also decreed in the other New England colonies.

It may be observed, however strange though this
may seem under all the circumstances, that the only
distinct breed produced in America during the colonial
period was the Narragansett pacer, an animal so named
from its natural action and famous for speed and value
before those characteristics pertained to any other family
of horses in the United States. It is believed that the
Narragansett pacer was derived from some of the Eng-
lish pacers that were among the horses early imported
into the Massachusetts colony. These were unquestion-
ably horses of good blood, with perhaps strains of the
thoroughbred in them, and by careful selecting and
breeding attained to marked distinction for many excel-
lent qualities; but their real origin has always remained,
to a great extent, mythical and uncertain. They were
raised largely for export to Barbadoes and the other
islands of the West Indies, and were also in demand
from the other colonies. For lack of scientific care this
interesting class of animals died out even before the be-
ginning of the present century. Later on New England
also yielded the celebrated Morgan strain, so useful in
the creation of the American trotting horse, in which
case a combination of the Canadian pony with the com-
mon stock used in Vermont is apparently responsible for
the result.

But apart from these accidental incidences, New Eng-
land has played little part in the development of the
horse in this country. The inherited Puritanism of that
section has, generally speaking, held everything that
pertained to the track in profound abhorrence. While
in other parts of the United States, especially during the
present century, the "sport of kings" has fully estab-
lished itself, in New England there has been, com-

16

THE AMERICAN TURF.

pnratively speaking, only moderate interest manifested
in the turf. There is not, nor ever has been, a race
course of any pretension in that part of the country,
and yet sporadic instances of popular devotion to the
track have not been infrequent. Reference has already
been made to early horse racing in Rhode Island. In a
work published in Dublin in 1753, entitled, "America
Dissected," the Reverend James McSparren, who was
sent out as an Episcopal missionary to Rhode Island in
1 72 1 by the London Society for the Propagation of the
Gospel in Foreign Parts, has much to say concerning the
Narragansett pacers, and in a note to a later edition of
this interesting work, its editor speaks of the early races
in these terms:

"Little Neck Beach in South Kingston, of one mile
in length, was the race course. A silver tankard was
the prize, and high bets were otherwise made on speed.
Some of these prize tankards were remaining a few
years ago." Another authority, speaking on the same
subject, says that contests on the turf between the racing
sportsmen of Narragansett and Virginia were frequent
in the early colonial days, the matches taking place al-
ternately in each section, followed by a return visit to
the other. Strangely enough, too, coming down to
later times, we find an early attempt at systematic racing
under exact regulations in Eastern Massachusetts. In
The Columbian CentineJ arad Massachusetts Federalist
the following advertisement appeared in August, 1801 :

"SPORTING— A HOLIDAY FOR THE INDUSTRIOUS LABORER.
" The Heats or races will be run, for the first time in
New England, September i next, in the park of Mr.
Joel Herriman, one and a half miles north of Haverhill
Bridge. There will be a stage erected on the centre of
the ground for the accommodation of the Ladies who
may wish to be spectators ; also boxes at each corner ot
said stage, hung upon swivels, large enough for a Gen-
tleman and Lady. It is expected that these boxes will
be occupied by particular application. The purse to be
run for will be $50 ; distance round the course, one
mile ; any one horse distancing the whole, first or
Second Heat, will be entitled to the purse, otherwise
the foremost horse the last Heat. Any horse losing the
distance will be debarred running again; the distance
pole will be twenty yards from the winning pole. En-
trance money for each horse, $2, will be run for the next
day, by what is called the scrub race; the sweepstakes
or horse that wins the purse will be excluded. Any
Gentleman wishing to enter a horse for said Heat will
have an opportunity any time before the last day of this
month by applying to James Smiley or William Sawyer,
living near said ground. Any horse entered for said
Heats, at the pole, will be double price. The horses
must be upon the spot precisely at 2 o'clock p. m. Any

horse taking advantage of said poles when running the
race must take a retrograde step around the poles again.
This piece of amusement, although very novel in this
part of the country, has been long practiced in Europe
and the Southern States. Our justly esteemed and
much admired Washington made it a constant rule to
enter for the Heats one or more horses every year, and
oftentimes made the purse himself, and always attended
in person when he could make it convenient. He fre-
quently invited Gentlemen and Ladies of the first families
in order to encourage the breed of horses."

There are some things both unique and interesting in
this announcement. The reference to the Father of his
Country as a patron of the turf was evidently necessary
to persuade the strict New Englanders of the upright
character of the sport, but the plea in favor of racing to
encourage the breed of horses has a very modern sound.
A grand stand in the centre of a race course, as described
in this advertisement, would be a novelty in these days,
and yet it undoubtedly had its advantages for those who
would hke to see a contest from start to finish. The
boxes or swivels enabled their occupants to turn in any
direction, so as to follow the horses in the circuit of the
track without moving from their seats.

The first regular racing in this country, of which we
have any historical account, was not in New England,
however. It dated from 1665, when Governor Richard
Nicolls, the first English Governor of the colony of New
Netherland, inaugurated a race course at Hempstead
Plains, Long Island. The Governor named this course
Newmarket, after the famous EngHsh course, and offered
a plate to be run for. In 1669, Governor Lovelace
ordered the justices of Hempstead to receive subscrip-
tions from all such as were disposed to run for a crown
of silver or value thereof in good wheat, "for the pur-
pose of improving and encouraging good breed of
horses." For several years under Governor Nicolls and
his successors there were spring and autumn meetings
at this course, and generous prizes were offered. The
competing horses were of Dutch stock, for no English
thoroughbreds had been imported at that time. They
carried ten stone weight, and ran two-mile distances.
The opening of the course on Hempstead Plains awak-
ened such an interest that other courses were con-
structed in the neighborhood of New York, and racing
soon became the popular sport of the period.

It is, however, in the Southern colonies that we find
the real beginning of racing :in America, and the first
systematic and persistent attempts to improve the
character of horses by importing and breeding from rep-
resentatives of the aristocratic thoroughbred. Ahhough
in the North, specially in New York and New Jersey,
there was, as we have seen, some early interest in the
turf, generally speaking, the South and Southwest became

17

THE AMERICAN TURF

the first real home of the race horse in this country, and
it was in those regions that the racer of highest type in
America was gradually and definitely developed. There
were some especially strong reasons for the existence of
this condition of affairs. The original settlers of the
Southern colonies were, principally, men of good Eng-
lish birth, representatives of the landed gentry of the
mother country. At home they had been attached to
the cavalier party, and, having been born to weahh,
were devoted to the chase and tournament and inclined
to all kinds of field sports. The turf was just springing
into prominence when they were leaving England, and
they naturally brought an interest in it with them. That
part of the country where they settled was soon found
to be peculiarly adapted in climate, soil and productions
to the raising and breeding of thoroughbreds. Further-
more, the mild chmate of the South was not only a
strong incentive to outdoor sports of every description,
but also afforded them every possible opportunity for
the indulgence of their tastes in this direction.

The possession of large estates cultivated by slaves
gave the colonists abundant leisure, and the profits of
tobacco growing, which soon became the principal in-
dustry of the South, enabled the owners of these planta-
tations to indulge in a style of living modeled on the
generous scale of that of country gentlemen in England.
Being from the outset, as they have ever since continued
to be, an essentially agricultural people, the raising of
stock, including horses, naturally engaged a considerable
part of their attention purely as a matter of business.
Fox hunting was introduced into Virginia at an early
date, and the records of the colony contain abundant
evidence showing that racing, although, truth to tell, of
a somewhat primitive and informal kind, was also a
leading amusement. So far as can be judged from the
reports that have come down to us from that time, these
contests were, to a considerable extent, of what may be
termed a "scrub character," like the matches that are so
often made in rural districts all the world over. Still,
the fact that the sport was indulged in, even to a limited
extent and in an imperfect way, as early as the middle
of the seventeenth century, is a significant fact, and it is
not strange to find that the love of horses and a knowl-
edge of their capabilities among these pioneer colonists
should early have given birth to a desire for the improve-
ment of the breed. The prizes for these early races were
generally several hundred pounds of tobacco, a product
that was then the staple medium of exchange. In some
instances, as appears from old records, the wager of the
race was that both horses should become the property
of the winner.

Racing of a more formal character began to develop
in the South, particularly in Virginia and Maryland, in
the early years of the eighteenth century. The sport

was a featui-e in the life of all the principal towns of the
colonies for some years previous to 1750. In that early
period quarter racing was most in vogue, and a traveler
in that section of the country, speaking of this sport,
before the Revolutionary War, said : "In the southern
part of the colony and in North Carolina they are much
attached to Quarter Racing, which is always a match
between two horses to run one-quarter of a mile,
straight out, being merely an exertion of speed; and
they have a breed that perform it with astonishing
velocity, beating every other for. that distance with great
ease, but they have no bottom. However, I am confi-
dent, that there is not a horse in England, nor, perhaps,
in the whole world, that can excel them in rapid speed;
and these, likewise, make excellent saddle horses for
the road."

An advertisement that appeared in The Virginia
Gazette of January 11, 1739, gives as clear an idea as it
is possible to secure from any source of the general char-
acter of the racing events of that time. This interesting
old document is well worth presentation in its entirety.
It read as follows: " This is to give notice that there will
be run for at Mr. Joseph Seawall's, in Gloucester County,
on the first Tuesday in April next, a Purse of Thirty
Pistoles, by any horse, mare or gelding; all sized horses
to carry 140 pounds and Galloways to be allowed weight
for inches, to pay one Pistole entrance, if a subscriber,
and two if not, and the entrance money to go to the
second horse, etc. And on the day following, on the
same course, there will be a Saddle, Bridle and Housing,
of five pounds value, to be run for by any horse, mare
or gelding that never won a prize of that value, four
miles, before. Each horse to pay five shillings entrance,
and that to go to the horse that comes in second. And
on the day following there is to be run for, by horses
not exceeding thirteen hands, a hunting saddle, bridle
and whip. Each horse to pay two shillings and sixpence
at entrance, to be given to the horse that comes in sec-
ond. Happy is he that can get the highest rider."

The first record of the importation of a thoroughbred
horse into American colonies was in 1730, when a
stallion called Bully Rock was brought into Virginia.
He boasted of royal equine blood, having been foaled in
1 7 18 by the Darley Arabian, out of a mare by the Byerly
Turk, grandam by the Lister Turk and great-grandam a
royal mare. Some ten years later a famous brood mare
named Bonnie Lass by the Duke of Bolton's bay Bolton,
out of a daughter of the Darley Arabian, was also
brought to Virginia. This is believed to be the first
instance of an imported thoroughbred mare. Before the
year 1768 a noted stallion named Bashaw was kept on
Long Island. He came from the stables of the Emperor
of Morocco.

Astalhon that attained to fame shortly after the middle

18

THE AMERICAN TURF

of the eighteenth century w;is Lindsay's Arabian, n big
gray horse. Many romantic stories were told concerning
him. It was said that he was a Barb and was a present
to the commander of a British man-of-war from one of
the Sultans of Barbary. Being taken to South America,
he met with an accident, but was afterward brought to
Connecticut by the captain of an American trading ves-
sel, to whom he had been given by his former owner.
Colonel Wyllys, of Hartford, who owned him in 1770,
called him Ranger, and he was described as "a fine
English stallion of the Barbary breed, bred in England."
The horse subsequently passed into the hands of Captain
Lindsay, of Maryland, from whom he received the name
of Lindsay's Arabian. Another imported stallion who
left his imprint particularly on the stock of Virginia was
Jolly Roger, by Roundhead, by Flying Childers, who
was foaled in 1741 and brought to this country by Mr.
Craddock, dying in Greenville County, Va., in 1772 at
thirty-one years of age. He left many descendants of
remarkable speed for that day. Janus, by Old Janus, the
latter being a son of the Darley Arabian, was another of
our early importations, and did good service in the stud.
Practically the importation of English race horses did
not begin until about the middle of the century that is
here under consideration. The records bearing upon
this matter are exceedingly scant and unsatisfactory, and
in many respects altogether unreliable. Mr. John H.
'Wallace, the accomplished turf writer, has, perhaps,
given more attention to the subject than any other man
in the United States, and has dug out of the old musty
records many interesting facts. In his valuable work,
"The Horse of America," Mr. Wallace says: "From
about 1750 to 1770 seems to have been a period of great
prosperity in Virginia, and, notwithstanding the general
improvidence of the times, many of the large land-
holders and planters were getting rich from their fine
crops of tobacco and their negroes. This prosperity
manifested itself strongly in the direction of the popular
sport of horse racing and improving the size, quality and
fleetness of the running horse. * * * * jj^g action
of one planter stirred up half a dozen others who felt
they could not afford to be behind in the matter of
improvement, but more especially that they could not
afford to be behind in the finish at the fall and spring
race meetings of the future. These importations went
on continuously for about twelve years, and until they
were interrupted by the excited relations and feelings
between the colonies and the mother country and the
preparations for the 'War of the Revolution, which was
then imminent. After the close of the Revolution a per-
fect avalanche of race horses was poured upon us, some
of which were good, but a great majority of them were
never heard of after their arrival on the race course or
elsewhere."

Mr. Wallace records the names of six horses that were
brought over within a year or two after 1750, Monkey,
Traveller, Dabster, Childers, Badger and Janus, and adds
that others might be named, although some, at least, are
mythical. He thinks that the whole number imported
into all the colonies before the War of the Revolution
counts up to about fifty, some of these being practically
unknown, while a few of them are wholly fictitious.
During the quarter of a century immediately preceding
the Revolution not more than twenty mares of English
race horse blood were imported. Monkey, who was
imported in 1747, when twenty-two years old, was by
the Lonsdale bay Arabian, dam by Curwen's bay Barb,
daughter of the Byerly Turk and a royal mare. Make-
less, another good horse that came about this time, was
by Oglethorpe Arab out of Trumpet's dam.

The pedigrees of many of these early horses have been
lost, and as they are now given, are full of errors and
falsifications, while the history of others is based upon
nothing more trustworthy than oral tradition. Among
those of whom we have traditions as early importations
were Aristotle, said to be by the Cullen Arabian; Bolton,
by Shock, dam by Partner; Childers, said to have been
imported into Virginia in 1771, by Blaze, son of Flying
Childers, dam by Fox; Cub, foaled in 1739 by Fox, dam
by Warlock Galloway, out of Curwen's Bay Barb;
Othello, foaled in 1743, by Crab out of Miss Slammerkin;
Silver-Eye, by the Cullen Arabian, dam by Curwen's
Bay Barb. In 1751, came Colonel B. Tasker's Selima,
by the Godolphin Arabian, said to have been an own
sister to Babraham. She was bought of the Marquis of
Granby on the express condition that she should be ex-
ported. In 1752, she won the first great race on record,
at Gloucester, Va., beating Colonel Byrd's renowned
Try-All and Colonel Tayloe's imported Jenny Cameron
and others, four miles for a purse of 500 pistoles. In
1 77 1, and several years following, a distinguished Mary-
land mare was Colonel Lloyd's imported Nancy Bywell,
by Matchem. She beat all competitors, among them
such famous horses as Selim, Apollo, Brittania, Wild-
air and Regulus. General Spottiswoode's Apollo, by
Fearnought, was beaten only by her, but in Virginia he
turned the tables and twice defeated his previously vic-
torious competitor.

Moreton's Traveller was imported in 1754. His pedi-
gree has always been in much dispute, but he was one
of the most celebrated stallions of Virginia in the last
century. The best authorities generally agree that he
was foaled about 1748, being the son of Partner, a
grandson of the Byerly Turk and grandsire of King
Herod. Traveller was one of the most valuable early
stallions in America, and was the sire to many celebrated
racers, including Yorick, Try-All, Silver Legs, Barwell's
Traveller and Lloyd's Traveller. Janus was imported by

19

THE AMERICAN TURF

Mordecai Booth in 1752, and his best son was Medoc's
Celer. Tom Jones was imported in 1755; Bolton by
Mr. Lightfoot in 1765; Childers by Colonel John Tayloe
in 1769; Dottrel by Mr. Lee in 1769, and Sterling by
Mr. Evans in 1768. Besides the importations of brood
mares by the above-named gentlemen, we find Mr.
Nelson's Blossom, Mr. Carter Braxton's Kitty Fisher,
Colonel William Byrd's Calista, and other mares im-
ported by Messrs. Peter Randolph, John Page, John
Bland and others.

It is, however, impossible to set forth, more than par-
tially, a record of all the horses of high descent that
were imported into the United States in this period,
down to the close of the eighteenth century. Some of
these importations were of a particularly interesting
character and became historically important. Previous
to 1753, the celebrated Spark came hither. He was
owned by Governor Benjamin Ogle, of Maryland, to
whom he had been presented by Lord Baltimore, who re-
ceived him as a gift from the Prince of Wales, father to
King George 111. Spark was by Honeycomb Punch,
out of Wilkes' Old Hautboy mare, and the latter horse
was also imported into Virginia by Colonel Colville and
known in this country as Miss Colville. Old Hautboy
was a son of the D'Arcy White Turk, out of one of the
royal mares of King Charles II. Governor Ogle also im-
ported Queen Mab by Musgrove's Grey Arabian. About
1750, Colonel Tasker, of Maryland, imported the cele-
brated English mare, Selima, a daughter of the Godol-
phin Arabian. She was one of the most distinguished
mares that ever ran in America, and through Rocking-
ham, Marc Antony and many others of her descendants
was the progenitrix of some of the best and most fash-
ionable blood in America.

About this time, or a little earlier, there were imported
into Virginia Routh's Crab, by Old Crab, dam by Coun-
sellor, daughter of Coneyskins and also Monkey by the
Lonsdale Bay Arabian, dam by Curwen's Bay Barb,
daughtei' of the Byerly Turk and a royal mare. Monkey
was twenty-two years old when imported, but left good
stock. To these and a few other notable horses that
were early imported with the mares, Selima, Queen
Mab, Jenny Cameron, Kitty Fisher, Miss Colville and
others, may be traced all, or almost all, the families of
running horses now existing in the United States to a
greater or less degree and with nearly as much certainty
as the English champions of the olden day may be fol-
lowed up to imported Arab and Barb on both sides.
Many of the earliest Virginia and Maryland importations,
it has been pointed out, ran through Partner on the one
hand, to Spanker and Spanker's dam, the white and yel-
low D'Arcy Turks, the Selaby Turk, and either the old
Vintner or the Layton Violet Barb mares; and, on the
other hand, to the Godolphin Arabian through Babra-

ham, Juniper, Dormouse and others. In this connection
it is also interesting to note that the celebrated Sir
Archy of later date ran back through his sire into pre-
cisely the same strain of Partner blood, and through his
grandam into the same Babraham and Godolphin Ara-
bian strain.

In New York, two particularly celebrated horses were
imported as early as 1764 by Colonel de Lancey. These
were Wildair by Cade and Lath by Shepherd's Crab.
Colonel De Lancey also imported the Cub Mare. Both
Wildair and Lath greatly distinguished themselves as
sires, the former being considered so valuable that he
was reimported to England. Flimnap, Sweeper and
Toby were imported into the Carolinas between the
years 1760 and 1770. The former was a grandson, on
both sides, 01 the Godolphin Arabian, while both
Sweeper and Toby, the latter being imported by Colo-
nel William Alston, of North Carolina, traced to the
same progenitor. Although Pennsylvania has never
been conspicuous for the interest that its people have
taken in the turf two notable horses were imported into
that State about this time. One of them, known as
as Grey Northumberland, and also called Irish Grey, is
said to have been bred by Lord Mazarine. The pedi-
gree of the other. Old England, is also unknown, but he
is supposed to have been by Old England, a son of the
Godolphin Arabian. One of the oldest American time
races on record was run in 1767 in Philadelphia between
these two horses and a bay horse named Selim and
another named Granby. The first heat was run in 8
minutes, 2 seconds, Selim winning from Old England by
a single length. In the second heat, after running three
times round, close to the heels of Selim, Old England
flew the course. It would appear, according to the
records of this race in a Philadelphia newspaper of that
date, that, even before that time, there were regular
meetings in Philadelphia, it being stated that this race
was run "for the gentlemen's subscription purse of 100
guineas."

The American Revolution once ended, there was a
marked revival of interest in racing and in the thorough-
bred horse which was not confined to the South, as had
been largely the case during the colonial epoch. Many
causes combined to produce this result. The people,
freed from foreign domination, threw themselves into
business activity, so that in the years succeeding the
peace with the mother country large fortunes were
accumulated and the Northern seaboard cities be-
came centres of social life on a much more extended
scale, one of the manifestations of which was an in-
creased interest in sports of all kinds. At the same
time the turf in England had at last emerged from its
unsettled state and assumed the position which it has
ever since occupied in the estimation of her people.

THE AMERICAN TURF

Heretofore, the ground in regard to the complete an-
cestry of many of the horses which have made the fame
of the turf, either in England or America, was very un-
certain. In 1791, however, the Stud Bool< was compiled.
Thenceforth horse breeding was rescued from being a hap-
hazard pursuit and reduced to a scientific basis, in which
the combination of the powers of animals of known de-
scent and approximately well defined qualities could be
relied upon to produce certain results in their descend-
ants.

Moreover, it had become well recognized by this time
that the improvement of the breed of horses was one of
the most valuable benefits that could be conferred upon
a country, and that the infusion of thoroughbred blood
among the mass of animals was, beyond all doubt, the
best method of accomplishing such a desirable result.
Although there might be complaint in some quarters as
to the supposed evils, moral or otherwise, of the turf, it,
and it alone, furnished the incentives, either sentimental
or substantial, that would induce men of wealth and in-
telligence to devote their efforts to improving the char-
acter and capabilities of horseflesh. To a people as
quick-witted as Americans these arguments appealed
with peculiar force, and in the period immediately suc-
ceeding the Revolution we find a great and marked re-
vival of interest in horses and racing, although the turf
had not as yet gained the importance which it was
presently to assume.

Soon the number of thoroughbreds in this country,
both imported and of native breeding, began to exhibit
a decided increase. Many of these animals were of
worthy origin, and showed themselves capable of cred-
itable achievements, while they have handed down their
names and reputations through long lines of descendants
even to the present day. Others were less distinguished,
but still are eminently worthy of position on the rolls as
contributing no small part to the development of the
early American turf. Several famous imported stallions
from whom have been derived many important Ameri-
can families came in these years. Earliest among them
was Medley, who was imported into Virginia in 1783
and was one of the best sires ever brought into this
country, his descendants including Atalanta, Bel Air,
Gray Diomed, Calypso, Gray Medley, Lamplighter, Boxer,
Pandora, Quicksilver, Virginia and others, all of whom
were good racers and in their turn getters of racers.
Medley was by Gimcrack, dam Arminda by Snap, out
of Miss Cleveland by Regulus. His great-great-grandam
was by Bartlett's Childers. His sire was by Cripple, out
of Miss Elliott by Grisewood's Partner, and Cripple was
by the Godolphin Arabian, out of Blossom by Crab.

Diomed, who was foaled in 1777 and imported into
Virginia in 1798, has been called the greatest sire of the
greatest winner getters ever brought into this country.

It is only necessary to mention among his descendants
Duroc, Florizel, Gracchus, Gallatin, Hampton, King
Herod, Potomac, Sir Archy, Truxton, Boston, Fashion,
Virginius, Peacemaker, Primrose, Dinwiddle and others,
without going further on the list, to show the high place
to which he is entitled as a progenitor of great American
racers. This famous stallion was by Florizel, dam by
Spectator, grandam by Blank and great-grandam by
Childers. Florizel was by Herod, dam by Cygnet, and
Herod was by Tartar out of Cypron, Tartar going back
to Jig, Byerly Turk and a royal mare and Cypron being
the great-great-granddaughter of the Darley Arabian.
Diomed came to this country from the stables of Sir
Charles Dunbury. He will remain forever famous as the
first winner of the Blue Ribbon of the turf, having van-
quished all his rivals at the first Derby race at Epsom in
1780. He was twenty-two years old when he was
brought to the United States, and his blood, particularly
through his son. Sir Archy, whose dam was also im-
ported, was a most valuable element in our old Ameri-
can stock.

Another great stallion imported into Virginia before
the close of the century was Bedford, who was foaled in
1792, a son of Dungannon, dam Fairy by Highflyer,
and in the sixth generation from Byerly Turk on the side
of his dam. His sire, Dungannon, was by the famous
Eclipse, out of Aspasia by Herod, his great-great-
grandam. Daphne, being by the Godolphin Arabian.
Bedford was a great stallion and there has been scarcely
a fimily of horses in the Southern States that has not in
some degree, more or less, partaken of his blood. He
was a rich bay, but a peculiar elevation on his rump that
amounted almost to a deformity detracted from his ap-
pearance. This mark was known as the Bedford hump
and was transmitted to his posterity, so that such cele-
brated winners as American Eclipse, Black Maria, Shark,
Boston, Argyle and others, were distinguished by it.
Among the children of Bedford were Aeolus, Cup-bearer,
Fairy, Lady Bedford, Nancy Air, Shylock, Lottery and
others. Another importation into Virginia in this early
period was Shark by Marske, out of the Snap mare,
Marske, who was also the sire of Eclipse, being by
Squirt, dam by Foxcub. Squirt was by Bartlett's
Childers, dam by Snake. On the side of his dam
Shark was descended from Marlborough, who was by
the Godolphin Arabian. The most distinguished prog-
eny of Shark were Opossum, Virago, Americus, Black
Maria, Annette and others.

Contemporaneous with Diomed was Gabriel, who was
foaled in 1790 and imported into Virginia. He was got
by Dorimant, his dam being a Snap mare. Dorimant
was by Otho out of a Babraham mare. Otho was by
Moses, dam Miss Vernon by Cade, grandam by Partner
and in the eighth generation from Place's White Turk.

THE AMERICAN TURF

Moses was out of a Portland Arabian dam. Gabriel
became famous for the splendor of his get and their great
performances. He got Oscar, Post-boy and others, the
former, out of a dam by imported Medley, being his
most celebrated son. Other early importations were
Saltram, winner of the Derby of 1783, who was a son of
Eclipse and also Sir Harry, the Derby winner of 1798,
whose sire was the famous Sir Peter Teazle by Highflyer,
by King Herod. Other Derby winners who came over
during this same period were John Bull (1792), Spread
Eagle (1795), and Archduke (1799). At the same time
a large number of brood mares of the most approved
strains were brought to American studs, and with the
female descendants of the early and subsequent importa-
tions furnished material on which the skilful breeder
was able to display his aptitude in selection with the
most gratifying results. In the long list of champions of
this period, besides those that have already been
enumerated, were Celer, Yorick, Try-All, Marc Antony,
Reguius, Flag of Truce, Goode's Brimmer, Butler's
Virginia Nell, Cincinnatus, Leviathan, Collector,
Amanda, Hickory, Maid of the Oaks and Pacolet.

The most famous progenitor of Virginia race horses in
the early colonial epoch was Fearnought, who was im-
ported about 1764, and is regarded as the Godolphin
Arabian of America. He was a handsome bay, 1 5
hands, 2>^ inches high, and was foaled in 1755. His
sire was Reguius, by the Godolphin Barb, out of the dam
Grey Robinson, by the Bald Galloway, his grandam
being by Snake, out of Old Wilkes' Hautboy mare. The
dam of Fearnought was out of Silvertail, by Whitenose,
his grandam by Rattle, his great-grandam by the Darley
Arabian, and his great-great-grandam the Old Child
mare by Sir Thomas Gresley's Arabian. In Fearnought
was the highest and purest blood of England. His
progeny were of uncommon figure and contributed addi-
tional size and bottom to the American race horse. Im-
portations previous to his time had already given to the
American turf many mares of excellent quality. Janus and
Jolly Roger particularly had left many good descendants,
and with them, and those derived from other imported
stallions and mares, he was not called upon to engraft
his aristocratic blood on that of unknown or unworthy
dams. It may, in fact, be said that the records only par-
tially give the names of the large number of other thor-
oughbred mares and stallions that were imported during
the period in question, and that constituted a substantial
foundation for the Fearnought family.

It is unquestioned that from the date of Fearnought's
appearance his progeny firmly established a fashion not
only of speed but of endurance as well, that put all animals
of inferior breeding at a decided disadvantage. He was
decidedly superior as a sire to any previous representa-
tives of thoroughbred blood that had as yet come to Amer-

ica, and his get proved a better class of horses than Virginia
or the Southern colonies in general possessed. Under the
stimulus of his reputation and that of other stallions who
came soon after his arrival here, breeding grew to be a
favorite occupation of the wealthy gentlefolk of Virginia
and other Southern States. A little earlier than this date,
quarter-mile races, which had generally prevailed up to
that time, began to be abandoned for trials at longer dis-
tances, which the superior bottom of the newer horses
enabled them to accomplish. As we have already seen,
it was in 1752 that Colonel Tasker's English mare
Selima ran and won a sweepstakes at four miles. The
prowess of Fearnought and his descendants was, how-
ever, the most powerful factor in leading up to the substi-
tution of the three and four-mile races for the hitherto
popular quarter-mile events. Among his progeny were
such distinguished early horses as Nonpareil, Nimrod,
America, Reguius, Godolphin, Shakespeare, Gallant,
Apollo, Harris' Eclipse, ^.aurel. Matchless, King Herod,
Whynot, Dandridge's Fearnought and Symmes' Wildair,
the latter being considered his best son.

In 1788 there was also brought to the United States a
thoroughbred stallion who holds a unique position in the
history of both racing and breeding in America. This
was the celebrated imported Messenger, son of Mam-
brino. His lineage went back through his grandsire
Engineer to the great Flying Childers, son of the Darley
Arabian and Betty Leeds. Mambrino, his sire, was
foaled in 1768 out of the Cade mare, the dam of Dulcinia.
Cade was by the Godolphin Arabian, out of Roxana.
Mambrino was a great horse on the turf and got many
fine race horses, as well as some very famous hunters and
road horses. From his blood the English coach horses
are thought to have derived their fine qualities, and this
capacity to get either racers, weight-carrying saddle
horses or road horses for harness, was transmited in its
full perfection to his son.

Like his sire, imported Messenger was a gray. He
first started in 1783, when he beat Spectre for $1,500,
at one and a quarter miles. He was then three years old.
The next year he was beaten for a sweepstakes and for
the Jockey Club Plate for four-year olds. At Ipswich he
was second for the King's Purse, winning one heat. He
was kept well at work, for at the Newmarket meeting
he won the Sixty Guineas, weight for age, Ditch-in. He
also beat Ulysses in a mile match for $500. These per-
formances ended his doings in his four-year old form.
The next year he began running at the Newmarket first
spring meeting, where he beat the Prince of Wales'
Ulysses, in a match for $1,000. At the same meeting he
was successful in a match with Fortitude, whom he beat
for $1,500, across the flat. His last starting was at the
Houghton meeting, where he was beaten in a weight-
for-age race, the last three miles of the Beacon Course.

THE AMERICAN TURF

He wns not a great race horse, for, though often success-
ful, he did not meet those grand performers, sons of King
Herod and Eclipse, who ran for the great turf. prizes in
his day. But he was a good, honest horse, and in
matching him his owner had good luck.

it was from this gray horse that the animals descended
in America, whose blood, permeating in many channels,
has made his name famous throughout a wide extent of
country. There is not upon the Continent a reputation
higher, more widely spread, or more deserved than that
which belongs to the Messenger horses. He got horses for
the turf whose performances atfour-mile heats haveseldom
been surpassed, and when put to country mares he pro-
duced a race of trotting horses whose names have become
almost synonymous with speed, pluck and a constitution
in wind and limb that defied hard work and endured to
a very old age. He was alrout seven years and a half
old when he was brought to this country, a rather coarse
looking horse, 15 hands, 3 inches high. For over
twenty years he was in the stud, first in the vicinity of
Philadelphia and afterward near New York. Mr. Henry
Astor, of New York, owned him in 1793, at which time
he was valued at a little more than $4,000. He was
afterward owned in part by Mr. Cornelius W. Van Ranst.
He died in 1808 in the stable of Mr. Townsend Cock,
near Oyster Bay, Long Island. His burial was made the
occasion of a great turnout by all the country people
thereabout, and he was placed in a grave specially pre-
pared for him, a short distance from his stable, while a
military organization gave him the honors of a hero by
firing volley after volley over his grave.

Descendants of Messenger have been famous both upon
the running course and the trotting track. He got
Miller's Damsel, the dam of American Eclipse; Potomac,
Fair Rachel, Little John, Bright Phoebus, Hopperboy,
Empress, Romp, Grand Turk, Washington Gray and
other horses that were distinguished three-quarters of a
century and more ago. The last colt of which he is
known to have been the sire was called the Bush Messen-
ger, after his owner, Mr. Philo C. Bush. But he is better
known now as the ancestor of a great tribe of trotting
horses, whose name is legion, rather than as the ancestor
of thoroughbreds. In truth, he is the fountain head of
the American trotting horse. Among his sons and
daughters who were distinguished in the trotting
annals of the United States, alike from their accomplish-
ments on the track and in the stud, were Hambletonian,
who was originally called Hamiltonian, Mambrino.Win-
throp or Maine Messenger, Engineer, Commander, Tip-
poo Sahib, Grey Mambrino, Black Messenger, Saratoga,
Mount Holly, Coriander and Fagdown. The best line of
Messenger trotters has probably been that short and very
direct one through Mambrino and Abdallah to Hamble-
tonian and his descendants. The horses of this famous

blood get excellent produce, and its mares are equally val-
uable. The Messenger blood has always been well repre-
sented in the West, where Mambrino Chief was long its
leading stallion.

To one of the sons of Messenger Vermont is indebted
for those crosses which have largely sustained the size
and quality of the horses of that State in spite of the
mania which has prevailed for the small and mongrel-
bred Morgans. Hambletonian was got by Messenger out
of a mare called Peacock. She was not thoroughbred,
though she foaled winners to Messenger, and when it
came to breeding from them, the black drop soon
showed itself. Hambletonian, however, was a stallion
calculated to do immense service in the State of Ver-
mont, where he stood many years. The Bush Messen-
ger, the last of the sons of the fine old horse, who had
run and won at Newmarket, stood much in Maine and
established good crosses there. Wherever Messenger
sent a son, especially if he had good country mares to
go to, a fine, stout, long-lived race of horses was the
result. There are not in the history of the turf, or in the
Stud Book, or in the traditions of general breeders, any
two horses from whom has flowed such peculiar, such
general and such varied excellence as from Mambrino in
England, and his son Messenger in this country. Ham-
bletonian, the great-grandson of Messenger, and well
inbred, was the nearest to and the richest in the blood
and proved that he possessed and transmitted to his
offspring the great leading characteristics of this tribe,
viz., speed, bottom, stoutness of frame, endurance and
courage.

Of the many excellent thoroughbred mares that were
imported during the closing years of the century none
was more distinguished, or was of more value in the
stud than Black Maria. S)ie was one of the prodigies of
her day, and united not only great speed to unflinching
gameness, but was possessed of remarkable stamina, run-
ning until her fourteenth year. She was out of a celebrated
race mare by imported Shark, one of the best racers and
stallions that England ever produced. Her dam was by
Regulus. Originally known as Selden's Maria, she was
sold to Mr. Alexander when she was three years old,
and soon afterward became the property of Colonel
John Tayloe, of Virginia, and General Wade Hampton,
of South Carolina. She was sent to South Carolina for
the express purpose of a trial with General William
Washington's renowned Shark by imported Shark, who
up to that time had been considered invincible. Suc-
cessful in this race, she defeating Shark upon the course
of the Charleston Jockey Club in four-mile heats and sub-
sequently had a brilliant career extending well into the
nineteenth century. Another mare belonging to Colonel
John Tayloe was Virago, by imported Shark out of
imported Virago by Star. She was foaled in 1791, and

23

THE AMERICAN TURF

for several years after attaining her three-age form, stood
at the head of the turf, beating in many races the best
horses, including the famous Virginia Nell, twice, once
in September, 1796, in a match race at Port Royal, S. C.

It will not have escaped notice that in our review ot
the American turf down to this point, Virginia and
Maryland have been exhibited as taking a predominant
part in advancing the cause of the thoroughbred. Never-
theless, while the turf on this side of the ocean was thus
in a formative state, other sections of the country bore a
share scarcely less distinguished than that of Virginia and
Maryland in bringing it to settled condition. Especially
was this true of South Carolina. The City of Charles-
ton, in that State, was the business and social centre of
a community which prided itself on English blood and
aristocratic tastes. Racing would naturally find favor in
such a society, and as far back as 1734 horses were
matched against each other there, although these early
contests were not of a particularly notable character, nor
had they much bearing upon the subsequent develop-
ment of the turf. One of these match races is recorded
as having been run for twenty pounds a side, the contest
taking place on what was called the green, the use of
that term indicating that, at that time, racing, as in Eng-
land, was actually on the turf In the newspapers of
South Carolina of the middle of the eighteenth century
were occasional announcements referring to "the famous
racing horse named Roger," "a gelding chestnut owned
by one Joseph Butler," and other horses that were
advertised as great race horses. Notwithstanding there
is little or no historical evidence of any strains of blood
specially bred to run in the colony at that time.

Soon, however, a jockey club was organized in
Charleston, and horses of approved blood were procured
from Virginia and from England, although breeding
apparently made little progress until shortly before the
outbreak of the Revolution. The first noteworthy thor-
oughbred imported into South Carolina was Flimnap, a
bay stallion by South, out of a mare by Cygnet, the
latter by the Godolphin Arabian. Flimnap was imported
soon after 1770 by a Mr. Mansell and served to notably
enrich the blood of the race horses of the period. He
was an excellent performer on the course and the pedi-
grees of some of the best horses of America during the
last century or more begin with him. He had a reputa-
tion that extended beyond local confines, and during the
invasion of South Carolina by the British under Lord
Cornwallis, expeditions were organized several times to
capture him from the plantation of his owner, Major
Harleson. The horse, however, was secreted, and
escaping his would-be captors, was taken to North
Carolina, where he remained in safety until the war
was ended.

Even before the breaking out of the Revolution races

were becoming more and more frequent upon the New-
market and other courses that were opened in different
parts of South Carolina. Most of these races, it must be
confessed, however, could bear little comparison with
the sport of subsequent days, for they were little more
than scrub affairs. Everybody, however, men and
women, attended them, and gentlemen of the highest
standing in the State, whether in wealth, political
eminence or social position, were active supporters of
the turf Josiah Quincy, the eminent Massachusetts
statesman, who visited Charleston in 1773, made these
notes in his journal:

" March 3 — Spent day in viewing horses, riding over
the town, and receiving complimentary visits. March
16 — Spent the morning, ever since five o'clock, in
perusing public records of the Province, etc., etc.; am
now going to the famous races. The races were well
performed; but Flimnap beat little David (who had won
the last sixteen races) out and out. The last heat the
former distanced the latter. The first four-mile heat was
performed in 8 minutes and 17 seconds, being four
miles. Two thousand pounds were won and lost at
this race, and Flimnap sold at public vendue the same
day for 300 pounds sterling. At the races I saw a fine
collection of excellent, though very high priced horses,
and was let a little into the singular art and mystery of
the turf"

Indeed some of the most brilliant pages in the history
of the turf of America are those that comprise the racing
annals of South Carolina immediately following the
close of the Revolution. The wealthy citizens of the
State were among the most ardent turfmen in the
country and the race meets that took place in Charleston
were celebrated even beyond the borders of the United
States. For many years Charleston was a great racing
centre and the meetings on the Newmarket Course and
afterwards on the Washington Course, under the auspices
of the South Carolina Jockey Club, were the great social
and sporting events of the year. Among the names
associated with the sport in this early period, which has
been called "A golden age of racing in South Carolina,"
were members of such families as, Moultrie, Pinckney,
Alston, Wigfall, Sumter, Rutledge, Hampton, Singleton,
McPherson and Fenwick. What would even in these
days be considered no inconsiderable sums were
expended in the purchase of the highest class of high-
bred stock and the equipment and maintenance of racing
stables, and the South Carolina horsemen were justly
regarded as among the foremost representatives of the
sport. A chronicler of 1786 thus wrote of the gatherings
on the Newmarket Course at that time:

" Whether we consider the elevated character of the
gentlemen of the turf; the attraction the races possessed
at that time, and for many subsequent years, for all sorts

24

THE AMERICAN TURF

and conditions of men— youth anticipating its deiigiits
for weeks beforehand, the sternness of age relaxing by
their approach, lovers becoming more ardent, and young
damsels setting their caps with greater taste and dex-
terity— the quality of the company in attendance; the
splendid equipages; the liveried outriders that were to
be seen daily on the course; the gentlemen attending
the races in fashionably London-made clothes, buckskin
breeches and top-boots; the universal interest pervading
all classes, from the judge upon the bench to the little
schoolboy with his satchel on his back; the kind greet-
ings of the town and country; the happy meetings of
old friends, whose residences were at a distance, afford-
ing occasions of happy intercourse and festivity; the
marked absence of all care, except the care of the horses;
the total disregard of the value of time, except by the
competitors of the races, who did their best to save it
and economize it — everything combined to render race
week in Charleston emphatically the carnival of the
State, when it was unpopular, if not impossible to be
out of spirits, and not to mingle with the gay throng."
After the Revolution New York was slower than the
Southern sections of the country in renewing its interest
in racing. It is worth recalling, however, that during
the British occupation of the city the British officers
found leisure to indulge in their national sport. The
Royal American Gazette, published in New York in 1781,

by Alexander Robertson, has an advertisement of one of
the racing meetings of that time, that is of more than
ordinary historical interest. It appears in the issue of
the paper for Thursday, April 26, as follows: "Ascot
Heath, Second MEETiNC.^On Tuesday, Wednesday and
Thursday, the sth, 6th and 7th of June next, being in
Whitsuntide Week, will be run for on each of these
three days, A purse of 100 pounds value; also on each
of the said days will be run for a purse of Twenty
Pounds value, calculated for horses that are not properly
trained. Particulars of the whole will be notified in
proper time, by advertisements and hand bills. Charles
Loosley, Brooklyn- Hall, April 26, lySi." In the same
issue of this newspaper also appeared another unique
advertisement in which Mr. Loosley pleads for the
attention and commiseration of all lovers of amusement:
"Stole from the Plains of Flatlands on Saturday night
last, between the hours of 9 and 10 in the evening, about
seventy yards of new White Inch Rope, that had been
fixed there for the utility of the races. The rope is the
property of Charles Loosley, at Brooklyn-Hall; and he
hopes that every exertion will be made to bring to
justice the perpetrators of this inroad upon property and
insult upon commendable amusements — for which
purpose Twenty Guineas will be paid on conviction of
any one or more of the offenders, by Charles Loosley,
Brooklyn- Hall, <tApril 26, lySi."

25

A GOLDEN AGE OF RACING

The American Turf in the First Half of the Nineteenth Century — A Period of Great Horses,

Distinguished Turfmen and Brilliant - Racing — Full Development

OF the American Thoroughbred

e'*HE early years of the present century were a
"f golden age of the turf, especially in the

^

Southern States where, almost alone, it had
secured a permanent footing. Most of the
great turfmen who had devoted themselves to the
sport, even though, it must be confessed, in a some-
what tentative manner, in the years immediately fol-
lowing the close of the Revolution, continued their
interest and activity in breeding and racing well into
the succeeding century. It was from the planters and
stock raisers of that section that these notable horse-
men were developed, and they and their successors,
drawn from this original social rank, continued until
within comparatively a few years, to be a large majority
of their class in this country. In those early days of the
turf it was generally conceded that, to make racing pop-
ular, successful and profitable, horses should be bred,
trained and run in the sections where they were raised.
It is only since the Civil War, perhaps, that this view of
the subject has been substantially changed, and even at
this time it would scarcely be true to say that the old
idea has been entirely obliterated. This consideration,
combined with other circumstances, was a most potent
factor in making Virginia, Maryland, Kentucky, Tennes-
see and other States of the South famous for the fre-
quency, popularity and social and financial success of
their various race meetings.

It was not, however, until the century was well on its
way that the American turf assumed a form of settled
order and that the pedigrees of horses on this side the
Atlantic became clear and distinct, affording the desired
opportunities for that comparison between different
strains of blood that is so fascinating to the lovers of
horses and so necessary to an intelligent view of the sub-
ject. Although racing had been fully established in all
sections of the country previous to the War of 1812, the
contests during the first quarter of a century after the
War of the Revolution were, as we have already seen,
of a somewhat desultory character, while results were
not officially recorded, so that the records of running
down to about 181 5 are far from reliable. Writing upon
this special phase of the subject, Henry William Herbert,
better known as Frank Forester, has expressed himself
in this wise:

"To draw a parallel as nearly as I can draw one, I re-

gard the old American turf prior to the fifteenth year, at
least, of the nineteenth century, as neither more nor less
authentic than that of England up to the time of English
Eclipse, and I consider that the era of the importation
and covering of Diomed and Messenger in the United
States as parallel to that of O' Kelly's wonderful
stallion (Eclipse) in the old country. From the day
when the sons and the daughters of these noble animals
began to run upon the turfs of England and the tracks
of America all is plain and on record, so that he who
runs may read."

The list of thoroughbreds who made good report of
themselves during the first fifty years or so of the cen-
tury, and elevated the American turf to a position of re-
nown and even of prospective rivalry with the more
ancient turf of England, is both imposing and brilliant.
It includes many names that have become household
words, not only in sporting circles, but also in general
public estimation. The fame and the achievements of
such great champions as Boston, Fashion, Ariel, Sir
Archy, Lexington, Lecomte and scores of others have
extended not only throughout the United States, but
even to foreign lands. Their imperishable performances
have made some of the most glowing pages in the turf
history of the world. Besides these famous ones there
were scores, aye, hundreds, that were scarcely less
worthy, and whose careers helped to round out a won-
derful half century of turf achievements. Their names
have been less conspicuous than those of the greater
cracks, it may be, but, none the less, they scarcely yield
second rank to those of the most brilliant reputation.
Even to record the names of these eminent thorough-
breds would require many volumes. A few of them
only may be referred to here in order to give a sugges-
tion, at least, of the richness of American turf history in
this period.

The stable of Colonel John Tayloe, of Virginia, con-
tained many excellent stallions and mares who were
successful on the turf, and also transmitted valuable
strains of blood to their descendants. One of the best
of Colonel Tayloe's string in the first decade of the cen-
tury was Lady Lightfoot by Sir Archy, out of Black
Maria by Shark. From youth until she was aged there
were few better race horses in Virginia or elsewhere
than Lady Lightfoot. When Vanity was winning

26

THE AMERICAN TURF

triumphs along the James River, Lady Lightfoot was
equally successful along the Potomac. In 1817 she
won the Cup of the Charleston, S. C, Jockey Club,
two-mile heats, defeating Colonel Singleton's Young
Lottery, a few days after that performance winning
another two-mile heat race, again beating Young
Lottery and three more, while on the next day she
won the handicap race in three mile heats, beating the
renowned Transport, Merino Ewe and others, in this
one week she accomplished the unprecedented triumph
of winning three days out of four against the best horses
in the State. The following year, in a three-mile heat,
she beat Vanity, but before the question of superiority
was fully decided by the completion of this race Vanity
trod on a pole and fell, breaking her neck. She after-
ward beat Tuckahoe who, in his time, was deemed the
best horse on the turf and almost invincible. From three
to eleven years of age she was in constant training, and
out of the 199 miles that she run, she won 115, her
triumphs extending from South Carolina to New York.
As a brood mare, afterward owned by Mr. Charles H.
Hall, of Harlem, New York, she was distinguished by
her progeny, especially by Mr. J. C. Stevens" Black
Maria, Colonel Wade Hampton's Bay Maria and Com-
modore R. F. Stockton's Shark, all of them being by
Eclipse.

Vanity, one of the closest rivals of Lady Lightfoot, was
an own sister of Reality, both of them being by Sir
Archy, out of a dam by imported Medley. Both were
run with great success by Colonel William R. [ohnson,
who bred from the latter by Sir Charles, the equally
famed Bonnets O'Blue, the winner of many great
matches and particularly of a four-mile heat race,_ over the
Charleston, S. C, course, against Clara Fisher, who was
got by Kosciusko, a son of Sir Archy, out of a dam by
Hephestion, son of imported Buzzard. Bonnets O'Blue
became most renowned as the dam of Fashion, who beat
Boston in 1842.

Nancy Air, by imported Shark out of Annette, dam of
the Maid of Oaks, by imported Shark, played a conspicu-
ous part on the turf in the first few years after the
century opened, being run by Colonel W. Alston in the
stable with the renowned Gallatin. She was the dam of
the great racer and brood mare Transport, by Virginius.
After a brilliant career on the turf Transport produced
Sir William, by Sir Archy, and Bertand, Jr., and Julia,
both by Bertrand. Annette, the dam of Nancy Air, was
run successfully by Colonel Tayloe under the name of
Phantasmagoria. The Maid of Oaks, who was foaled in
1801, and was owned by Captain Bird Willis and Gen-
eral Ridgely, proved superior to all her competitors until
she trained off, beating such horses as Surprise, Oscar,
Floretta, Topgallant and others of the same class. With
Post Boy, the Maid of Oaks and Oscar, General Ridgely

had one of the strongest strings at that time. From the
Maid of Oaks, by Duroc, came Marshall Duroc, a good
racer, and, by imported Expedition, the dam of Medoc,
who was the best son of Eclipse.

Lottery, by imported Bedford, out of imported Anvi-
lina, was foaled in 1800. She was owned by Colonel
Singleton, and in her phenomenally brilliant career beat
Merchant, Hampton, Farmer, Peggy and others. By
Sir Archy she produced Young Lottery, Kosciusko, Saxe-
Weimar, Mary Singleton and Phenomenon. Sally Hope,
who was foaled in 1822, was by Sir Archy, out of a dam
by imported Chance. Although by accident and mis-
management she was unfortunate upon her first appear-
ance upon the turf, she ran a long and brilliant career,
achieving twenty-one victories out of twenty-five con-
tests. In about eight months she traveled nearly 1,500
miles and won sixteen races in succession, most of them
being three and four-mile heats against a succession of
fresh horses, beating such good ones as Betsey Ransom,
Snowstorm, Trumpator, Phillis and others. Colonel
Wynne, her owner, considered her the best four-miler
of the day, superior even to the more famous Ariel,
whom he also owned and trained. Polly Hopkins, who
was foaled in 1825, was got by Virginian out of a dam
by imported Archduke. She won twenty-six races out
of the thirty in which she entered at all distances, break-
ing down the spring that she was six years old, after
having defeated the best horses of her day — Star, Kate
Kearney, Slender, Collier and others — and having the
best time to her record. Trifle, by Sir Charles, out of a
dam by Cicero, son of Sir Archy, was foaled in 1828,
and had a long and celebrated career, being regarded as a
phenomenon of speed and bottom. When in condition
she beat all competitors — Black Maria, Spark, Alice Grey,
Muckle John, Red Gauntlet, Collier and others. Although
she lost a few races, she won about twenty before she
retired, twelve or more of her best ones being in suc-
cession.

One of the most distinguished daughters of Timoleon
was Omega, out of Daisy Cropper, by Oscar. Foaled in
1834, she was very successful throughout her career, her
most celebrated achievements including a winning four
miles in 7 minutes, 40 seconds, the best time on the
Washington City course; a good second place to Boston
in the best time on the Petersburg, Va., course, and a
winning four-mile heat race in four heats upon the
course at Charleston, S. C. During her career she beat
Gano, Santa Anna and others. Andrewetta, by Andrew,
out of a dam by Oscar, was foaled in 1833 and ran a lengthy
and famous career at Petersburg, Va., winning a heat
from the peerless Boston in 7 minutes, 50 seconds, the
fastest over the course. She was the dam of Engineer,
by Revenue, and of Bostona, by Boston. Sarah Wash-
ington, by Zinganee, out of a dam by Contention, both

27

THE AMERICAN TURF

Zinganee and Contention being by Sir Arcliy, was dis-
tinguished by lier fast races in Virginia and Washington
in the forties. She ran a second four-mile heat with
Utaw in 7 minutes, 42 seconds, except that of Omega,
the fastest four-mile heat over the Washington Course.
She was the dam of Oratrix, Escape, Inspector, Slasher,
Sue Washington and Fanny Washington, names of
imperishable renown.

In the same decade Reel, by imported Glencoe, by
Cotton, was the champion of the Southwest until she
broke down when running against George Martin, by
Zinganee, out of a dam by Sir Archy. Reel was more
distinguished through her sons than by her own achieve-
ments, she being the dam of Lecomte by Boston, Stark
by Wagner and Prioress, the two latter being in the
string that Mr. Richard Ten Broeck took to England,
where Stark won the Goodwood and other great stakes
and Prioress won the Cesarewitch. Of the same period
was Nina, by Boston, out of an imported dam by Lot-
tery. Her career was nearly, if not quite, equal to that
of any of her illustrious predecessors. She ran over
several courses in the best time, especially in a four-mile
heat contest over the Broad Rock course in 7 minutes,
46}4 seconds, 7 minutes, 46 seconds and 7 minutes, 49
seconds. She was the dam of Planet and Exchequer,
both by Revenue. Undine, who was foaled in 1856,
was got by Jeff Davis out of a dam by Imported
Monarch. During a short but brilliant career she
beat the best horses of her time — Nicholas I.,
Exchequer, Fanny Washington and others — and won
from Planet much the fastest race of four-mile
heats ever run over the course at Charleston, S. C. ,
in 7 minutes, 36)^ seconds and 7 minutes, 42
seconds.

Even more famous than the mares were the stallions
of the period under consideration, both imported and
native born. Earliest among the importations were
PhcEnix in 1803, Bussorah in 1819, Roman in 1823, Bare-
foot in 1827, Hedgeford and Autocrat in 1833 31*^ Trustee
in 1835. Trustee produced the imperial Fashion, Roman
got Treasurer, Barefoot was the sire of Clara Howard
and Hedgeford the sire of Duane. Bussorah was an
Arabian, but did not add essentially to the value of thor-
oughbred stock in the United States any more than have
other Arabians that have been imported since his time.
He was a horse of great beauty, had a good pedigree
and was free from any particular defects of form, but
lacked the perfect degree of excellence that was neces-
sary to make him successful in the stud. Florizel, by
imported Diomed out of a dam by imported Shark, was
the Eclipse of the first years of the century, defeating all
his competitors without ever being put to his topmost
speed. He won the great match of the day, $3000 a
side against Peacemaker, another renowned son of

Diomed. He also became more famous as the sire of
the dam of Boston.

Gallatin, who was owned by Colonel John Tayloe
and Colonel William Alston, was got by imported Bed-
ford, out of an imported dam by Mambrino. He was a
horse of extraordinary speed, one of the best, if not
quite the best, of his day, and supposed to be superior
to all his predecessors. Governor Benjamin Ogle's Os-
car, by imported Gabriel out of Vixen by imported Med-
ley, was renowned on the turf and in the stud, and
especially for the match race, four-mile heats, in which
he beat First Consul. Medoc, by American Eclipse,
was one of Mr. John C. Steven's best horses and had a
fine record, both on the turf and in the stud. Post Boy,
by imported Gabriel, was a brilliant race horse, one of
the best on the American turf He died when aged
from an accident, which befell him when running
against Hickory, the victor in a three-heat race. He was
owned by General Charles Ridgely. First Consul, by
Flag of Truce, out of a dam by imported Slender, out ot
imported Diana by Eclipse, was considered one of the
best horses on the turf until he was beaten in the famous
match race by Oscar in Baltimore.

Brown Dick, by imported Margrave out of Fanny
King by imported Glencoe, was owned by Colonel
Goldsby. He ran with success, especially in winning at
Charleston, S. C, two-mile heats in 3 minutes, 42 sec-
onds and 3 minutes, 46 seconds, and the following day
three-mile heats in 5 minutes, 43 seconds and 5 minutes,
42 seconds. Another one of his celebrated races was
upon the course near New Orleans, when he beat Arrow
three-mile heats in 5 minutes, 30 seconds and 5 minutes,
28 seconds. Argyle, by Monsieur Tonson out of Thistle
by Oscar, was a renowned racer, bred in Maryland, and
stood at the head of the turf in South Carolina and
Georgia, until beaten in a great race by John Bascombe.
Mingo, by American Eclipse, his dam Bay Bett being by
Thornton's Rattler and he by Sir Archy, was a magni-
ficent and beautiful horse, regarded by many as an
animal in the highest form. He was a good winner and
good performer, but suffered a great deal from bad man-
agement, honors being taken from him by Post Boy,
Lady Clifden and others. John Bascombe, by Bertrand,
son of Sir Archy and out of Gray Goose by Pacolet, was
renowned for winning two great matches of four-mile
heats in Georgia, in one of which he beat Argyle in 7
minutes, 47 seconds. Upon the Fashion Course at New
York he was the Southern champion against the North
in one race, beating Post Boy, by Sir Henry. He was a
large, tall and light-bodied horse, had fine action, and
was an easy and speedy goer, but was not a stayer.

Trustee, one of the best horses imported into the
United States during this period, arrived here in 1855,
and died in 1856. He was foaled in 1829, and was got

2S

THE AMERICAN TURF

by C;itton out ot Emma by Whisker, his grandam beino;
Gibside Fairy by Hermes. He traced baci< to Lord Ox-
ford's Dun Arabian out of the D'Arcy biacl<-legged, royal
mare. He was selected by Commodore Robert F.
Stockton and Messrs. Francis P. Corbyn and F. G.
Ogden, and after his arrival in this country Commodore
Stockton trained him and ran him at Trenton on a
private trial at four miles, in which he performed admir-
ably. By Bonnets O'Blue, he was the sire of the cele-
brated Fashion, was also the sire of Trustee, the tlrst
horse in the world that ever trotted twenty miles within
an hour, and of America, Grace Darling, Revenue, Car-
lotta, Livingston, John Black, Nero, Logan and others.

Imported Sovereign was bred by King William IV. in
1836. He was purchased at the annual sale of yearlings
in 1837 by Colonel Wade Hampton, of South Carolina,
for 400 guineas and brought to the United States. At
that time he was described as a sumptuous looking colt,
having as much bone and substance as Commodore
Stockton's Langford, also bred at Hampton Court. In
color he was a dark bay, with a small star, stood 16
hands high, and was of commanding presence. On his
voyage over to this country he was injured so that he
never appeared on the turf, but was a valuable addition
to the stud. He was got by Emilius out of Fleur-de-Lis,
who was sold to the French Government for a large
price at the sale of the royal stud. Fleur-de-Lis, with
Elizabeth and Maria, were the three great favorites of
King William IV., and also of George IV. She was
considered the most blood-like mare in England, and
when purchased for the royal stud cost $7,500. She was
by Bourbon out of Lady Rachel by Stamford. Emilius,
the sire of Sovereign, was got by Orville out of Emily
by Stamford, and traced to Whiskey out of Grey Dori-
mont by DorimonL Sovereign became the sire of Childe
Harold, Berry, Charleston, Prioress, Ruric, Governor
Johnson, Bailie Jordon, Avis, Terrifier, Nat Pope, Fleur-
de-Lis, and many other famous cracks. To this list,
which is by no means complete, of the worthy thorough-
breds of the first thirty years or more of the present
century, might also be added the names of Clarion, by
Monmouth Eclipse out of a dam by Oscar; Expedition,
Baronet, Alexander, Rockwood, Clumsy, Grey Gran-
tbem. Bay Bolton, Clockfast, Spread Eagle, Rocking-
ham, True Whig, Giantess, Henry Perrit, and scores, if
not hundreds, of others not less entitled to considera-
tion.

Sectional rivalry in racing matters has in this age
entirely passed away. All interested in the turf are
thoroughly acquainted with the fact that the West is the
best breeding ground for the thoroughbred horse, and
that in the past a very large proportion of the keenest
and most successful horsemen have been natives of
that section; at the same time, the prominence of the

North as the centre of racing and the influence ol
other sections in breeding is now frankly conceded. It
would, however, be impossible to gainsay the fact that
Kentucky in particular has played the most important
part of any State in the modern development of the
thoroughbred on this side of the Atlantic. Both that
State and Tennessee were settled largely, if not mainly,
by Virginians, who carried with them to the West both
a love for the sport and a large number of the best
horses that could then be found in this country. It was
quickly discovered that soil, climate and the particularly
nutritious character of the grasses — above all, the famed
Kentucky blue grass — favored the development of all the
best qualities of which the thoroughbred is capable.
Consequently, even before the admission of Kentucky
into the Union, it took a high rank for both breeding
and racing, while Tennessee was not far behind in these
respects. Though still very much in the condition of a
wilderness, Kentucky had its race meets as early as
1788, and boasted at that time of horses of no mean
descent or small merit. Time has only emphasized the
advantages with which nature herself has endowed
Kentucky and her neighbor, and if there is any part of
the land which can contest their supremacy as a place
for breeding it is only California, where within recent
years that industry has assumed remarkable proportions
and been attended with wonderful results.

Lexington, Ky., possesses the oldest race track in the
West The association which conducts the racing there
was organized in 1823, and since that time its regular
races have been held practically without interruptions.
Indeed, even during the Civil War, when the stress 01
the conflict closed the gates of practically every track in
the land, whether in the North or South, the passion of
the Kentuckians for their fiworite sport could not be sub-
dued. The only break in the record was in 1862, when
the State itself was the scene of hostilities and when the
forces of the Confederate General Kirby Smith occupied
Lexington on their advance into Kentucky and encamped
on the race grounds, the spring meeting being then
omitted. Horsemanship is a natural accomplishment
with the natives of that section and all classes are
intensely interested in the turf, to which they have always
given generous support and encouragement. Even the
great commoner, Henry Clay himself, was a breeder of
note. He imported the famous mare, Yorkshire, and
his son, Mr. James M. Clay, made the statesman's beauti-
ful home at Ashlands famous for its breeding stud.

It is, indeed, impossible to exaggerate the important
part which Kentucky horses and Kentucky horsemen
have had in the development of the turf in our country.
In the matter of importations her leading men displayed
the utmost liberality, as well as a true power of selection.
Many of the best English horses which came to this

29

THE AMERICAN TURF

country after the early period of the turf ultimately
found their way to Kentucky studs, the horses bred
there thus representing the best results that could be
obtained from high-class stock, supplemented by ideal
conditions for rearing and developing blooded animals.
Among the horses from abroad which thus, in most
instances, contributed directly to raise the standard of
the Kentucky horse, were such animals as the Derby
winners, Priam and St. Giles, and Rowton, Musgrave
and Barefoot, winners of the St. Leger, with other note-
worthy racers and sires, including Sarpedon, Tranby,
Csetus, Trustee, Emancipation, Chateau Margaux, Rid-
dleworth and Leviathan, not to neglect the great sire,
imported Glencoe, the ancestor of so many winning
horses for more than two generations.

Kentucky, which has been the home of the majority of
America's great thoroughbreds, also holds the bones of
hundreds of them. Many of these great turf per-
formers and great sires sleep in unknown and unmarked
graves. A simple marble shaft, which stands over the
grave of the immortal Lexington, was the first memorial
stone ever erected over the remains of a dead turf king.
Mr. Frank Harper, a near neighbor of Mr.' A. J. Alex-
ander, the owner of Lexington, followed the example
set by the latter, and when his own incomparable
stallions. Ten Broeck and Longfellow, died, he gave
them decent burials on his pretty Nantura Farm, near
Midway, and over the grave of each erected suitable
monuments, which tell the breeding and the perform-
ances of the horses which lie beneath them. These are
the only two Kentucky breeders who have seen fit to
place stones over their equine dead, and their examples
remained almost unique until Mr. James R. Keene, in
1897, put an appropriate slab over the grave of his young
stallion, Domino. The burial places of other noted
horses, while known, in many instances remain still
unmarked.

Imported Pizarro, imported Whistle Jacket, Duke of
Montrose and Strathmore are buried at the home of their
former owner, Mr. Milton Young, at McGrathiana, Ky.
His splendid English stallion, Osory, full brother of
Ormonde, died on the ocean while being brought to this
country and was buried at sea. Imported Australia is
buried at Woodburn, and Waverly at Mr. James Grin-
stead's old Walnut Hills Farm. At Elmendorf Virgil and
imported Prince Charlie sleep. Imported Glenelg was
buried on Mr. Tyree Bates' farm near Gallatin, Tenn.
At General W. H. Jackson's Belle Meade Farm imported
Vandal and Enquirer are buried. War Dance and Mel-
bourne, Jr., are buried on Mr. A. K. Richard's farm in
Scott County, Ky. General Abe Buford's McWhirter,
the horse which broke his legs while running at St.
Louis, was buried on the race course where he ran that
remarkable race. It was the action of McWhirter in try-

ing to win after both his fore legs had been broken that
caused General Buford to declare that he believed horses
had souls and went to heaven. Imported Leamington
was buried at Mr. Aristides Welsh's place, Erdenheim,
near Philadelphia.

Grinstead is buried at Santa Anita Farm, California;
Harry O'Fallon at Mr. L. B. Field's place near Lexington;
imported Billet at Runnymede; imported Buckden at
Boyle County, Ky. ; Tom Bowling, the wild horse, at
Mr. S. C. Lyne's Larchmont farm, near Lexington, and
Alarm at Manor Bashford Farm, near Louisville. Boston,
the sire of Lexington, is buried at the old Blackburn
Farm in Woodford County, where Senator Blackburn
was born. American Eclipse is also buried there. Grey
Eagle, the famous show horse which took premiums
over all the Kentucky stallions, while he was the prop-
erty of Mr. Parker E. Todhunter, is buried in Ohio, and
Medoc in Scott County, Ky. At Ashland Farm, near
Lexington, Ky., the only thoroughbred establishment in
America ever, conducted by a woman, Mrs. John M.
Clay, are buried imported Yorkshire and the great brood
mare, Magnolia, who was sent as a present to Henry
Clay by admiring turfmen of Virginia. Mrs. Clay is the
daughter-in-law of the great commoner, and she keeps
green the little mound over Magnolia's bones. Sir Leslie
was buried at The Meadows, near Lexington, which was
the birthplace of Alexander's Lexington, and Sidi Ham-
met is also buried there. Imported Sarpedon, the sire of
Alice Carneal, the dam of Lexington, is buried about
four miles from Lexington, Ky., on the Georgetown
road.

Imported Glencoe, the only horse known to have died
while standing up, is buried on Mr. A. K. Richard's old
farm in Scott County, Ky. Bertrand is buried in Bour-
bon County, and Lexington's son, Norfolk, who sired
El Rio Rey and other great performers out of Madam, is
buried on Mr. Theodore Winter's farm in California.
Imported Diomed was buried in Virginia; imported
Phaeton at Hurtsbourne Stud Farm, near Louisville; Sir
Archy at Colonel W. R. Johnson's, near Richmond, Va. ;
Dalnacardoch at Middlebrook Farm, Maryland; imported
Glen Athol at Mr. J. V. Shipp's farm in Woodford
County, Ky. ; imported Glengary at Kennesaw Stud
Farm, Gallatin, Tenn. ; imported The 111 Used at the
Nursery Stud, near Lexington; King Ernest at Brook-
dale Stud Farm, New Jersey; imported Martinhurst at
Pasadena, Cal. ; imported Mortemerat Brookdale Stud and
imported Mr. Pickwick at Mr. Charles Reed's FairvieW
Stud, Tenn. Ossian died at sea while being imported to
this country and was buried in the Atlantic; Rossifer at
Fairview Stud, Tennessee; Strachino at Woodstock,
Canada; imported Stylites, destroyed on account of an
accident, at Meadowthorpe, the home of Colonel James
E. Pepper, near Lexington; Zorilla at Elmendorf; Aris-

30

TT-TE AMERICAN TURF

tides, Mr. H. P. McGnith's "little red horse," at the St.
I.OLiis fair grounds; Baden Baden at Rhinebeck, N. Y. ;
Hlias Lawrence on Mr. J. Walter Payne's Mapleton Farm,
near Lexington; Littleton at Montgomery Square, Pa.;
Pat Malloy atWoodburn; Red Roy in Montana; Vaux-
hall near Lexington; Whisper on Fleetwood Stud Farm,
near Frankfort; King Ban on the banks of North Elk-
horn, at Dixiana Farm; Fellowcraft at Mr. J. R. Haley's
farm, near Donerail, Ky. ; Ban Fox and King Fox on
Hogan's ranch, Colorado; Herzog near Cincinnati, at
the old Buckeye race course. Skedaddle, by York-
shire out of Magnolia, is buried at Mrs. John M. Clay's
Ashland Farm; also Balloon, Star Davis, Margaret Wood
and Georgie Wood. Kentucky is buried at August
Belmont's f^^rm.

Tennessee, also at an early period in its history, mani-
fested a generous interest in the turf. The first settlers
of that section of the country brought with them some
of their best stock from Virginia and the Carolinas, and
some Mexican mares of the Spanish and Barb breed
were introduced. Among the early stallions of the
Janus family in Tennessee were Jupiter, Comet and
Bowie and of the Fearnought family, Eclipse, Wildair
and Bucephalus. About 1809, Gray Medley, who was
bred by Governor Williams of North Carolina, was
brought to Tennessee by Dr. Redmond D. Barry, and
did much to improve the quality of the horses which
were bred in the younger State. He was a handsome
horse and very game in appearance and lived to an old
age. He was the son of imported Medley and became
the sire of the dam of the famous brood mare, Madame
Tonson. Wilkes' Wonder, a son of Diomed, was
another stallion noted in the early history of the Ten-
nessee turf, and Coeur de Lion, Royalist and Hal also
did good service in the first decade or so of the present
century. 'Very many of the best Eastern or imported
horses also found their way to the State and aided in
improving the quality of the race horses it produced.

General Andrew Jackson, who was interested in
breeding and racing, had a notable horse in Truxton, a
powerful animal, sired by Diomed. Truxton was
engaged in many performances, being almost a sure
winner, whether at a quarter or a four-mile heat. One
of the famous races in early Tennessee days was between
Truxton and a swift mare Greyhound, owned by Mr.
Catton. The match was a mile dash and General
Jackson carried away heavy spoils as the result of the
victory of Truxton. Pacolet was also one of Tennessee's
famous stallions whose sons. Brushy Mountain and
Cumberland, particularly distinguished themselves.
Pacolet was also the sire of Tonson, who beat every-
thing in his State and afterward beat at Boydton the
celebrated Sally Walker against all of Colonel W. R.
Johnson's skill and management Contemporary with

these was Bagdad, who was bought by Mr. George
Barclay from the Minister of Tripoli to England, and
imported into this countryin 1823; dying in 1836, he
left some good stock, remarkable for speed rather than
bottom; he was said to be of pure Arabian blood. Of
the celebrated Sir Archy stock Tennessee had among
others, Gray Archy, Timoleon, Pacific, Napoleon, Stock-
holder and Crusader. Stockholder got Betsey Malone
and Pacific was the sire of Pactolus, Gamma, Epsilon
and others.

Pacolet held his own in competition with the best
imported horses and with the very best Virginia breds.
The Tonson family, which came from him, was con-
sidered one of the most valuable in Tennessee and long
had an established reputation throughout the South.
Sir John was got by Pacolet, out of a dam by Topgallant,
his grandam being by Gray Medley, out of a Virginia
bred mare, said to have been fufl bred. When Sir John
became a winner his name was changed to Monsieur
Tonson and his dam'took the name of Madame Tonson.
Another famous Tennessee horse was Topgallant, bred in
Georgia, and got by Gallatin out of a dam by Wildair.
Imported Highlander, imported Childers and Doublehead,
by Diomed and others, were some of the best stallions
in Middle Tennessee in the early days of the turf in that
State.

Nearly all the prominent men in Tennessee yielded
more or less to the fascinations of the turf, and the meet-
ings at Nashville and elsewhere compared, in point of
interest and in the quality of the racing, even with those
upon the Kentucky track. Some of the most important
controversies of the period, social and political, were the
outgrowth of this interest in the race track. It is re-
corded, for instance, that the defeat of Irving's Plowboy,
by Truxton, in a race of two-mile heats for $5,000, was
the cause of the duel between Generals Jackson and
Dickinson. Besides General Jackson, General Lucius J.
Polk, of the historic family that afterward gave a Presi-
dent to the United States, General W. G. Harding and
the Honorable Bailie Peyton were among the most
prominent turfmen of the State.

A list of the deaths of some of the leading thoroughbreds
in the first half century of American turf history may be
interesting in this connection. Imported Janus died in Vir-
ginia in 1780, aged 33 years; imported Fearnought died
in Virginia about 1776, aged 26 years; American Eclipse
died in Virginia about 1790, aged 20 years; Marc Antony
died in North Carolina about 1793, aged ^2 years; im-
ported Shark died in Virginia in 1796, aged 2S years;
imported Medley died in Virginia in 1799, aged 23 years;
Celer died in North Carolina in 1802, aged 28 years;
Spread Eagle died in Kentucky in 1805, aged 13 years;
Gray Diomed died in North Carolina in 1806, aged 20
years; imported Messenger died in New York in 1808,

31

THE AMERICAN TURF

aged 28 years; imported Diomed died in Virginia in
1807, aged 30 years; imported Coeur de Lion died in
1809, aged 20 years; Dragon died in Tennessee in 1812,
aged 25 years; Wonder died in Tennessee in 1815, aged
15 years; imported Boaster died in Tennessee in 1819,
aged 24 years; Pacolet died in Tennessee in 1825, aged
17 years; Oscar died in Tennessee in 1826, aged 11
years; imported Eagle died in Kentucky in 1817, aged
30 years; Constitution died in Tennessee in 1827, aged
22 years; imported Bluster died in 1828, aged 20 years;
imported Buzzard died in Kentucky in 181 1, aged 24
years.

Possessing, as the breeders and lovers of racing in the
United States at last did, animals of the highest thorough-
bred type, it was natural that steps should be taken to
facilitate the trial of their powers in a regular way.
Horsemen of the present day can hardly conceive of the
practical difficulties which the pioneers of the turf had to
encounter in putting it upon a firm foundation in this
country. The spirit of Puritanism, which is unquestion-
ably part of the fundamental character of many Ameri-
cans, was opposed to the turf on principle, and was par-
ticularly displayed at the great Northern centres of popu-
lation, where public interest could otherwise have been
most naturally developed. This, however, counted for
little in comparison with the difficulties of a purely
physical nature involved in the great distances between
different sections and the inadequate means of transpor-
tation. To-day a whole stable of thoroughbreds can be
taken by rail from California to the great tracks of the
East with comparatively little risk, far less than was once
involved in bringing a single horse from Virginia to New
York, it was not until the railroads set distances at
naught that animals from the West began to compete at
the Eastern tracks, and consequently the horsemen of the
early decades of the century may be excused for the ap-
parent slowness with which they proceeded to establish
tracks, and to bring racing in the United States into
some resemblance to the dignity and order that it had,
considerably before that time, attained in England.

They were, however, sportsmen in the highest sense
of the word, these fathers of the American turf, such as
Colonel John Hoomes, or Colonel John Tayloe, who
joined together in importing the great Diomed, or their
worthy fellows, the Hamptons, lUdens, Ridgelys, Lloyds,
Bowies, Stevens, and so on through a long list of names
of might in our equine annals. They met with the dis-
couragements and repulses which seem, from time to
time, to be inevitable in connection with racing in the
United States, but they were manful and in earnest, de-
Voted to racing as a sport, and their efforts were cer-
tainly crowned with a success that time has not dimmed.
The rewards of the turf were, in those days, little beyond
honor. Purses were, to our eyes, ridiculously small, and

the racing public was such a comparatively restricted
body that betting was on a limited scale. Under all
these disadvantages they performed a wonderful service
not only to the sport itself but to the standard of horse-
flesh in their country.

The universal esteem in which the turf was now held
by nearly all classes was clearly indicated by the attendance
upon racing events wherever they might occur, be that in
the North or in the South. Even the Puritanism of New
England yielded, more or less, to the fascinations of the
sport. Statesmen, clergymen and other professional
men gave the indorsement of their countenance to the
turf, as well as those who were more substantially inter-
ested in it, from being the proprietors of breeding estab-
lishments or active participants in racing contests.
Such distinguished statesmen and leaders as Washington
and Jefferson were among the early patrons of the turf in
Virginia in the latter part of the previous century. They
even ran horses in rivalry with their fellow citizens, and
long after they had departed this life they were pointed
to as exemplars. Even now there are extant memoran-
dum books in which Washington recorded his bets on
some of the races which he attended.

As late as 1790 the Father of his Country acted as a
judge at a race course near Alexandria. It speaks well
of the high esteem in which he was held and of the con-
fidence which his fellow citizens reposed in his integrity
and fairness, that he was invited to officiate as judge on
this occasion, even though one of his own horses was
entered in the race; and it is also interesting to note that
his horse was beaten. Afterward he sold this horse,
which was named Magnolia, to " Lighthorse " Harry
Lee for $1,500, and the animal was sent to South Caro-
lina, where it attained to some further distinction on the
turf. In this same race meeting at Alexandria a horse
entered by Thomas Jefferson, called simply a roan colt,
was the winner, defeating Washington's Magnolia and
several other horses entered by other prominent Vir-
ginian gentry. Quite as early as this time, also, race
tracks were established at Petersburg, Richmond and at
other centres of population in the State.

In treating of the subject of the development of horse
racing in the United States during the present century
the historian finds, almost at the very outset of his inves-
tigation, that it is incumbent upon him to consider the
national capital, Washington, as one of the great centres
of racing interest and the scene of brilliant turf events.
To what extent the Southern statesmen of the old school
were devoted admirers of horseflesh has been clearly
and fu'ly set forth on many pages of this volume. The
brilliant and erratic John Randolph, of Roanoke, who
was one of the foremost men of his period in displaying
interest in this sport, had many companions among the
public men of his time, who were in full agreement with

32

THE AMERICAN TURF

liiin Lipon this point, even tiiough they m;iy have sym-
pathized with him less on political and other questions
of the hour. Nor were the men of the North much, if
any, behind their brethren iVom the Southern States in
giving- abundant attention and support to the institution
that afforded one of the few relaxations which were then
possible in the half-built and thinly-inhabited Wash-
ington of those days.

Even before the seat of Government was removed
from Philadelphia to the new capital, and before Congress
had held its first session there, racing interests had
already established themselves on the banks of the
Potomac. In 1800 a match race was run in the Federal
city between Lamplighter, son of Medley, and Cin-
cinnatus, one of the most renowned horses of that day.
The former, as the representative of the State of Virginia,
was entered by Colonel John Tayloe, while the latter
was owned by General Ridgely, of Maryland, who ran
with General Forman as his associate, Maryland against
Virginia. The owner of Lamplighter being a tavern
keeper, did not belong to what was considered the
aristocratic class, and, consequently had not been per-
mitted to become a member of the Jockey Club at
Annapolis so as to start his horse. Nevertheless, he
challenged Cincinnatus, but "I make matches only with
gentlemen," was the reply of General Ridgely. At the
request of the Virginia tavern keeper, Colonel Tayloe
took the burden of the challenge upon his shoulders, and
becoming the principal in the match, won the purse,
which was for 500 guineas a side.

Even the representatives of the sacred profession did
not deem it beneath the dignity of their cloth or
derogatory to their Christian character to be patrons of
the turf, or even to be owners of fast horses. The
Reverend Hardy M. Cryer, of Tennessee, has often been
cited as an example of the horse-loving parson of the
period. The story that has been related of him is well
worth preserving as throwing a bright light upon the life
of that time. Many have held that this story was less
true than well told, but there is abundant evidence of its
truth. Mr. Cryer was part owner of a very fine colt, got
by imported Leviathan. The colt, which had been bred
on shares by Colonel George Elliott, showed remarkable
promise of becoming a good racer. When he was two
years old he was taken in full charge by Colonel Elliott,
who was a distinguished turfman, a near neighbor, and
an intimate friend of Mr. Cryer. Colonel Elliott having
in view his value on the race course started to train him.
Some of the ultraconscientious members of the good
Mr. Cryer's flock became apprised of Colonel Elliott's
intentions and were horrified to know that their pastor
still owned a half interest in the horse.

Considerable talk ensued over the matter and finally
at a church meeting a committee was appointed to wait

Lipon the pastor and ask for an explanation. A careful
investigation was made by the members of the com-
mittee, who finally returned a report in which they took
the Reverend Mr. Cryer severely to task, which shows
incidentally that, notwithstanding the general tolerance
and support that was given to the turf, there was a con-
siderable minority at least in the community, even in the
South, that looked upon it with something of askance.
Before submitting the report to the church authorities
with a request to discipline the offending pastor the
members of the committee concluded to present the case
for a vote to the congregation before whom the Reverend
Mr. Cryer was requested to appear and defend himself,
if defense he had. Accordingly on the appointed day,
that being Sunday, after the morning services had been
concluded, the chairman of the committee arose and
with a dignity and severity that befitted the solemn
occasion read the report in which it was charged that
the Reverend Mr. Cryer, being associated with Colonel
George Elliott, was actually having a horse trained for
the very heinous purpose of being run for money, a pro-
cedure that was calculated to bring discredit upon the
cause of the church and religion.

Then the worthy pastor was called'upon to state if he
had any defense. His reponse was brief and to the
point. Saying that he could dispose of the matter in a
few words, so far as he was concerned, he acknowleged
that all that had been said was true and that Colonel
Elliott was training a colt of which he was half owner.
Then he added, "Brethren, if you can make any arrange-
ment by which my half of that colt can stand in the
stable while Colonel Elliott's half runs on the race track,
1 will be perfectly satisfied to meet your wishes in the
matter." The humor of the response touched a sympa-
thetic chord in the hearts of his hearers and it is probable
also that a substantial majority of them had for them-
selves such a love of the turf that, after all, they were
willing to look with lenient eye upon the pastor's
offense. When a vote was taken the congregation
declared by a large majority that it had the utmost con-
fidence in Brother Cryer. The racing parson lived to a
green old age, retaining to the last the love and respect
of his people, the fullest confidence of his church and
never relaxed his admiration for good horses or his inter-
est in the race course.

No gentleman of the early part of the century seems to
have been more constant in attendance upon turf events,
or more enthusiastic over all classes of turf experiences,
than the Honorable Josiah Quincy, of Massachusetts.
He was a close rival of the warmest hearted Southerners
in his admiration of this sport. Few of the great turf
events of his period escaped his attention and he set
down in his journal many spirited accounts of them,
being one of the first and most graphic sporting

33

THE AMERICAN TURF

reporters, if we may be allowed so to designate him,
that have been known in the annals of turf literature.
Present at the match between American Eclipse and
Sir Henry in 1823 he wrote in his journal that fully one
hundred thousand persons witnessed that great triumph
of the North over the South. He says that he sat just
behind John Randolph, of Roanoke, concerning whom
he adds, " apart from his intense sectional pride he had
a personal intere.st at the turn things were taking; for he
had bet heavily on the contest and it was said, proposed
to sail for Europe upon clearing enough to pay his
expenses. Mr. Quincy wrote of the race :

" There was never contest more exciting. Sectional
feeling and heavy pecuniary stakes were both involved.
The length of time before it was decided, the change of
riders, the varying fortunes, all intensified the interest. 1
have seen the great Derby races, but they finish almost
as soon as they begin, and were tame enough in com-
parison to this. Here, for nearly two hours, there was no
abatement in the strain. 1 was unconconsious of every-
thing else, and found, when the race was concluded,
that the sun had actually blistered my cheek without my
perceiving it. The victors were, of course, exultant, and
Purdy, mounted on Eclipse, was led up to the judges'
stand, the band playing ' See the Conquering Hero
Comes.' The Southerners bore their losses like gentle-
men, and with a good grace. It was suggested that the
comparative chances of Adams and Jackson at the ap-
proaching Presidential election should be tested by the
gathering. 'Ah,' said Mr. Randolph, ' if the question of
the Presidency could be settled by this assembly there
would be no opposition; Mr. Purdy would go to the
White House by acclamation.' "

The palmiest days of the American turf were the latter
portion of the first and the commencement of the second
quarter of the present century. It was not until the cen-
tury was advanced nearly to the end of its second decade
that the people of the North began fully to appreciate the
utility and practical excellence of horse racing, or to give
it substantial encouragement. Previous to that time,
racing, as has been already pointed out, was confined
almost entirely as an established organized institution to
the States of Maryland, Virginia, South Carolina, Ken-
tucky and Tennessee, which were then the great race
horse regions of the United States. Between 1825 and
1850 were run nearly all the great races and matches
against time for long distances that have distinguished
the American turf Most of these races were in three
and four-mile heats, and the preservation of the records
of some of the more important of them is valuable as
giving a clear insight of the character of the sport that
enlisted the attention of our fathers, and is also a revela-
tion of the endurance and speed of the horses that were
then run. Four-mile heats in from 7 to 8 minutes and

three-mile heats in from 5 to 6 minutes were so common
as to excite little surprise. There was scarcely a race
meeting held, either in the North or the South, that did
not develop one or more such records among its events.
Several of the more striking achievements of this char-
acter are recorded in detail in another chapter of this
volume. There were others, however, that were only
secondary in interest, so far as time was concerned, even
if they did not attract the sensational sectional attention
that was given to the greater events.

To go back somewhat beyond the period which we
have assigned as being that of the palmiest days of the
turf there were a few achievementsthat certainly deserve
passing recognition. In 1786, Brimmer, seven years old
and carrying 140 pounds, won a four-mile heat at Tappa-
hannock, Va., in 8 minutes, 4 seconds, 8 minutes, 8 sec-
onds and 8 minutes, 12 seconds, the time, with deduc-
tions, being 7 minutes, 32 seconds, 7 minutes, ^6 seconds
and 7 minutes, 40 seconds. Snapdragon, six years old
and carrying 120 pounds, won four-mile heats on the
Newmarket Course at Petersburg, Va., in 1803, in 8
minutes, 7 minutes, 57 seconds and 8 minutes, 4 sec-
onds. Cupbearer, five years old, carrying 112 pounds,
won four-mile heats, in 1804, at Fredericksburg, Va., in

7 minutes, 56 seconds and 7 minutes, 50 seconds.

In 1806 came a race upon the course at Washington
that produced a great sensation at the time, as being
remarkable for its competitors, both men and horses, and
for its result. Five horses were entered, Dr. Edelin's
Floretta by Spread Eagle, six years old, representing
Maryland; General Ridgely's Oscar, by Gabriel, six
years old, also representing Maryland; Mr. Bond's First
Consul, by Flag of Truce, aged, representing Pennsyl-
vania; Colonel Tayloe's Topgallant, by Diomed, six
years old, representing Virginia, and Mr. Brown's
Nancy, by Spread Eagle, six years old, representing
New Jersey. The winning of this race by Floretta
was deemed a marvelous performance and sportsmen
thought that the acme of speed and bottom had been
reached in this country. The race was referred to then
as "one of the most memorable that ever came off on
the Washington Course. Horses were horses and men
were men in those days. Fair top boots, powdered
heads and golden guineas were all the go ; and for fair-
ness and honor a stain was felt like a wound." Floretta
was closely pressed by Oscar and First Consul and won
in the second and third heats. Each heat was run under

8 minutes and the second in 7 minutes, 52 seconds.
The time was better than had been made on the course
even up to 1829 and has not been often surpassed since.

In 181 1, Pacolet by Citizen, four years old, won the
first heat in a race at Fairfield, near Richmond, which
was not considered a fast course, in 7 minutes, 54
seconds, and two years after Sir Hal by Sir Harry, four

34

THE AMERICAN TURF

years old, won a first heat in 7 minutes, ^2 seconds.
Tile same Sir Hal, aged, in 18 16 beat Tuckahoe, seven
years old, three-mile heats in 5 minutes, 49 seconds and 5
minutes, 43 seconds. In 1803, Peacemaker, by imported
Diomed, beating the famed gelding Surprise, by Bell Air,
ran one heat in 3 minutes, 43 seconds. Sir Solomon,
by Tickle Toby, in 1808, when three years old, ran two
four-mile heats in 7 minutes, 44 seconds and 7 minutes,
49 seconds. Realty, beating Timoleon in 1816, both
horses being by Sir Archy, ran three two-mile heats on
the Newmarket Course at Petersburg, Va., in 3 minutes,
49 seconds, 3 minutes, 47 seconds and 3 minutes, 48
seconds.

Beginning with the second quarter of this century
these long distance races multiplied in number, even if
the records were not materially decreased. Upon the
Newmarket Course, in 1828, Sir William, by Sir Archy,
beating Washington, ran three fast two-mile heats in 3
minutes, 50 seconds, 3 minutes, 45 seconds and 3 min-
utes, 50 seconds. The previous year Sally Walker beat
Ariel in three-mile heats, upon the Broad Rock Course,
in 5 minutes, 44 seconds and 5 minutes, 43 seconds.
Upon the same course, also in three-mile heats, Sussex
beat Polly Hopkins, in 1830, in 5 minutes, 46 seconds,
and 5 minutes, 48 seconds, and Atalanta, beating Deca-
tur and others in 1837, ran a second heat in 5 minutes,
44 seconds. One-eyed Joe, in 1855, beat Frankfort and
Seline three-mile heats in 5 minutes, 48 seconds and 5
minutes, 43 seconds, and two years previously Red-Eye,
by Boston, seven years old, beat Lawson and One-eyed
Joe in three-mile heats in 5 minutes, 46 seconds and 5
minutes, 44 seconds. The fastest four-mile heat over
this Broad Rock Course was won by Lizzie McDonald,
formerly Sue Washington, beating Tar River in 7 min-
utes, 37>^ seconds, doing three miles in 5 minutes, 40
seconds, her time for the heat being three seconds faster
than the best time on the course. That was in 1858.
Tar River, was only a length behind Sue Washing-
ton when she won this fast heat, and was the win-
ner of the race. Five years previous, on the same
course, Red-Eye, aged, beat Nina, also by Boston, in 7
minutes, 46 seconds, 7 minutes, 46)4 seconds and 7 min-
utes, 49 seconds, and Sir Hal also won there a race in a
single heat in 7 minutes, 46 seconds.

In 1827, Sally Walker, five years old, by Timoleon,
who was then considered to be at the head of the turf,
beat the famous Ariel, same age, at three-mile heats in 5
minutes, 54 seconds and 5 minutes, 43 seconds. Ariel,
by American Eclipse, six years old, beat Trumpator in
1828 in 8 minutes, 2 seconds and 7 minutes, 43 seconds.
Betsey Ransom, by Virginian, three years old, had a
record in 1826 of three four-mile heats in 7 minutes, 50
seconds, 7 minutes, 45 seconds and 7 minutes, 50 sec-
onds. In 1823, Sir Henry, who was then four years old.

beat Betsey Richards in the Spring Meeting of the New-
market Course in 7 minutes, 54 seconds and 7 minutes,
58 seconds. At the Fall Meeting on the same course
John Richards beat Betsey Richards in nearly the same
time. Two miles of a four-mile heat in each of these
races was run in 3 minutes, 48 seconds, which was close
up to the record of 3 minutes and 46 seconds that Sir
Archy had made in 1809.

The most celebrated four-mile heat races on the Long
Island Union Course were that of Eclipse and Henry in
1823, in 7 minutes, 37 seconds, 7 minutes, 49 seconds and
8 minutes, 24 seconds; that of Boston and Fashion, in
1842, in 7 minutes, 32^3 seconds and 7 minutes, 45 sec-
onds; Lady Clifden's race in 1837, in 7 minutes, 44 sec-
onds, 7 minutes, 43 seconds and 7 minutes, '^6)4 seconds;
the Peytona and Fashion race in 1846, when the time of
two heats aggregated 15 minutes and 25 seconds; the
Bostona and Fashion race in 1848, when the time of two
heats aggregated 15 minutes, 37^^ seconds; the Tally
Ho and Bostona race in 1850, both horses by Boston,
the time being 7 minutes, ^^J4 seconds, 7 minutes, 43
seconds, 7 minutes, 53 seconds and 8 minutes, and
Red-Eye's race in 1854, in which One-eyed Joe won the
second heat in 7 minutes, 39 seconds, the fastest second
heat ever run at the North, the aggregate time of the
winner's two heats being 15 minutes, 31 seconds.

Red-Eye's race was on the Fashion Course, and on
the same course, in 1857, Nicholas I., by Glencoe out of
a dam by Wagner, four years old, twice beat Sue
Washington, first in 7 minutes, 40 seconds and 7 min-
utes, 43 seconds, and second, in 7 minutes, 39 seconds
and 7 minutes, 44 seconds. Then we have on the same
course the victory of Nicholas I. over Engineer in two
four-mile heats in 7 minutes, 45 seconds and 7 minutes,
47 seconds. On the same course Engineer won in
three-mile heats, each heat in 5 minutes, 42 seconds.
One of the early fast three-mile heats was at Louisville,
Ky., in October, 1839, when Wagner, by Sir Charles,
five years old, ran the best three miles of a second heat
of four miles in 5 minutes, 35 seconds, the last mile
being in 1 minute, 48 seconds and the two miles in 3
minutes, 43 seconds. Upon the Union Course in May,
1832, Boston, at five years of age and carrying 114
pounds, ran three miles in a four-mile heat in 5 minutes,
}6}i seconds.

In his famous race with Fashion in 1842, Boston led
two miles in 3 minutes, 42)^ seconds, and three miles in
5 minutes, 37)^ seconds. In 1855, Brown Dick, by im-
ported Margrave out of Fanny King by imported Glen-
coe, three years old and carrying 86 pounds, beat Arrow
a three-mile heat race over the Metairie Course in 5
minutes, }o}i seconds and 5 minutes, 28 seconds. At
the same meeting, Lexington, in his record-breaking
four-mile race of 7 minutes, 19^ seconds, ran three

35

THE AMERICAN TURF

miles in s minutes, 27 seconds. Inhis great four-mile
victory over Lecomte on the same course, Lexington
made three miles of one heat in 5 minutes, 31^ seconds.
At the same meeting, Henry Perrit, by imported Mar-
grave, won two-mile heats in 3 minutes, 39 seconds and
3 minutes, 40 seconds, running the first mile of the sec-
ond heat in i minute, 42^^ seconds. Doubloon, by im
ported Margrave out of Picayune by Medoc, beat Topaz
and Charmer on the same course in 1849 two-mile heats
in 3 minutes, 48^ seconds, 3 minutes, 42 seconds and 3
minutes, 37 seconds. Lecomte, Berry, Miss Foote, Sally
Waters and others ran two miles on the same course in
about the same time, Lecomte, Prioress and others doing
a mile in about i minute, 45 seconds.

Examples might be multiplied almost without limit
showing the speed and bottom of the racers of the olden
times. It is evident, however, without proceeding
further, that in everything that goes to make up the per-
fect thoroughbred, the great horses of the second quarter
of the century were nonpareils that were the equal of
any in the world, and that would scarcely lower their
colors if put to the supreme test with the best of those
who have succeeded them. In the States south and
west of the Potomac, the high standard of this early
period was steadily maintained. In the North, legiti-
mate racing gave way to the trotting turf to such a pre-
eminent degree just previous to the Civil War that such
horses as Eclipse and his distinguished get, Maria,
Mingo and others, who sustained the credit of the turf in
this section, were no longer to be found. It is only
within the last decade or two that the North has re-
established itself and with its turf achievements has
recalled the brilliancy of that great epoch when Eclipse,
Fashion, Black Maria and others of their class success-
fully challenged the best that any other section of the
country had to offer.

At least a decade preceding the outbreak of the Civil
War the prospects of the American turf began to be of a
decidedly uncertain character. Gentlemen who had
been thoroughly identified with its interests for a quarter
of a century or more and who had given to it generous
support, had gradually withdrawn from all connection
with it, principally because the general conduct of its
affairs had fallen into unworthy hands. Men who had
followed the business of breeding and of racing from a
wholesome love of the sport rather than from any pur-
pose to make it a profitable pursuit from a financial point
of view, could not look with complacency upon the
growing commercial spirit which was slowly but surely
coming to dominate the turf and all that pertained
to it. Especially was this true in the North, where such
men as Messrs. Stevens, Coster, Livingston, Stockton,
King and others, who had heretofore given the turf in
this section pre-eminent business character and social

standing, had broken up their studs and were seeking
diversion in other sports than racing, particularly in
yachting, which was then coming into great prominence.

In the North racing almost entirely died out, while in
the South the meetings were, generally speaking, of an
unimportant character when compared with the great
affairs of previous years that had been of really national
importance. At a few of the headquarters of historic
racing in the South, such as Nashville, Louisville, New
Orleans, Lexington, Charleston, and a few other places,
some very good racing was still continued, the attrac-
tions being such horses as General W. G. Harding's
Herndon by Albion ; Mr. George Everly's Allemdorf by
George Elliott; Mr. R. A. Alexander's Lavender, by
Wagner out of Alice Carneal ; Mr. A. K. Richards'
Glycera and Colossus, both by Sovereign; Mr. John M.
Clay's Daniel Boone by Lexington out of Magnolia, by
Glencoe; Mr. John Harper's Edmonia Taylor by Cracker;
Mr. J. M. Haye's Hanover by Yorkshire; Major T. W.
Doswell's Planet by Boston ; Colonel D. McDaniel's
Financier; Mr. R. A. Alexander's Lilla by Yorkshire, and
others of the same class. This list, which of course
does not in the least pretend to be comprehensive, is
fairly representative of what the turf of that day had to
present, and shows very clearly the striking difference
between these days and those that had preceded them.
In the North new divinities had arisen and the fickle
public was bowing before the shrines of Flora Temple,
Ethan Allen and other great trotters of the period, when
it was not going wild over the fistic work of the
redoubtable Heenan and Sayres and their compeers in
the prize ring. Many of the turf meetings failed to
attract more than a corporal's guard, which was in sad
comparison with the earlier part of the century, when the
attendance often thousand or twenty thousand enthusi-
astic spectators was by no means uncommon upon
important racing days.

To such a low estate had racing fallen in the vicinity
of New York about this time, that the famous old Union
Course on Long Island was often given over to some
very weird performances. A newspaper report of the
period thus describes an event of this character, a mule
race on Thanksgiving day for a purse of $50: "Eight
of the obstinate brutes were brought to the starting point,
but only four could be induced by all the persuasive
arguments of the trainers or owners to go anyhow. The
money was awarded to Eastern Jack, who, after being
left behind in two heats, won the last three. After the
second heat a nigger mounted him, and as there is some
natural affinity between niggers and mules, he won
easily. Tom Tit, a very ugly customer, appears to have
created the most fun or sensation, for he kicked out
when struck with a whip, ran into a.ditch, was whipped
out of that and then made straight for the bar-room and

36

THE AMERICAN TURF

sc;itterec1 all the sniilers and knocked their glasses into a
thousand sparkles; tlnally he kicked a nigger on the
head and it was thought ' the crowner's crest ' would be
necessary, but nigger's suffering is most tolerable and
to be endured."

It was generally acknowledged that scarcely anything
worthy of being considered legitimate horse racing was
now in existence in the United States. To make the
situation even more unpromising, there did not appear
to be any appreciable elTort being made for its rehabilita-
tion. In the vicinity of New York there still existed
clubs, on Long Island and in Hoboken, and also
further south in Trenton, Camden, Baltimore, Washing-
ton City, and, of course, in Virginia, Kentucky,
Tennessee, South Carolina, Alabama, and other Southern
States. At each of these courses there were two meet-
ings annually, and for the entire list of these races there
were only about ten stables that were able to make
entries, and even of this small number some three or four
very rarely had a winner. There was but one possible
outcome of this condition of things. First came an
inevitable loss of public interest in the turf and a decrease
of patronage upon racing events. Following this was a
deterioration in the management of race courses and
less and less interest paid to breeding and training.
Ultimately it came about that many of the courses were
abandoned, their grounds being turned over to agricul-
tural purposes, and the stables devoted to the plough.

Still, soon after the middle of this decade there were
abundant indications that the apathy that had so long
prevailed was in a fair way soon to be dissipated.
Undeterred by the difficulties that surrounded them and
the clouds that overshadowed them, many of the most
devoted turfmen in different parts of the country were
united in determination to revive interest in racing by
concentrated efforts to elevate its character and to make
it more profitable to breeders and owners and more
attractive to the public. There was quick response to
these efforts, and it was not long before reports of a new
and encouraging spirit began to be heard from all parts
of the country. Confidence increased that the sport
would again resume the prominent and commanding
position which it had enjoyed during the brilliant days
of Boston, Fashion, Sir Henry, Eclipse, Sir Archy and
other giants of the early turf. To be sure it was no
longer expected that such gentlemen as Messrs. Stevens
and Livingston, of New York, Stockton and Gibbons, of
New Jersey, Craig, of Pennsylvania, and Johnson, Botts
and a score of others of the South would give to the
turf the countenance that they had bestowed upon it,
before it had become so thoroughly imbued with the
-spirit of professionalism. Nevertheless, during the time
that racing had rested somewhat under a cloud, a few
devoted spirits had still been generous in time and atten-

tion to breeding and were developing new racers, who
were showing a speed that was surprising and that was
again commanding the attention of all lovers of sport.
Indeed, it may be said, that the thoroughbreds themselves
constituted the most important factor in this impending
revival. It was impossible for anyone, with an ounce of
sporting blood in his veins, or with a genuine love for
the horse, to resist the appeal that was made to his
enthusiasm, or to escape the influence that was an
inevitable outcome of the performances of the new race
of thoroughbreds.

Looking at the matter solely from the point of view of
the time test, there was certainly no degeneracy to be
discovered in the race horses of the period, however it
might have been in the managements of the affairs in
which they were the principal actors. If we should
except, perhaps, Boston and a few of his best sons, the
race horses that now existed in the United States were
as perfect as any that had preceded them, and quite as
capable at any and all distances. For example, during
the year 1856 there were many good racers at various
distances that would compare favorably with the best in
the days gone by. Leaving out of the reckoning the
phenomenal Boston and Fashion match, the contest
between Floride and Sebastapol in the spring of 1856,
near Baltimore, was faster than any four-mile race ever
run in the Atlantic States. Floride's time in the two
straight heats in which the race was run was 7 minutes,
38 seconds and 7 minutes, 42 seconds. In the aggregate
this was only 3 seconds slower than Fashion's most
wonderful achievement, when at the same age as Floride
and carrying nearly the same weight. It was 8 seconds
faster than the memorable heats of Henry and Eclipse,
that for years were unsurpassed and were regarded by
many sportsmen as unapproachable. In the same year
Sebastapol, on the Newmarket Course, in Virginia, beat-
ing Frankfort, by Glencoe, run four miles, in the precise
time of Sir Henry and John Richards with the same
weight for four-year olds in the memorable Eclipse year
of 1823, Balloon, by Yorkshire, in Kentucky, won a sec-
ond heat in four miles in 7 minutes, 47 seconds, 2
seconds faster than Eclipse's famous second heat, when
he beat Henry. The get of Tally Ho, son of Boston; of
Revenue, son of Trustee; of Glencoe, Sovereign, York-
shire Wagner and others stood at the head of the turf.

In this Renaissance meetings in different parts of the
country, especially in the South, began to attract more
attention than had been given to them for many years.
In this era there were several places in the South in
which racing began again to be eminently successful and
flourishing, as, for instance, Lexington, Ky. ; Charleston,
S. C, and New Orleans. Besides almost every little
town of 10,000 inhabitants or more strove to maintain a
course, and races were advertised to be held at such

37

THE AMERICAN TURF

places as the Rapides Course in Alexandria, La. ; the
Herring Run Course in Baltimore, Md. ; the Washington
Course in Charleston, S. C. ; the Congaree Course in
Columbia, S. C. ; the Chattahooche Course in Columbus,
Ga. ; the Central Course in Macon, Ga. ; the Nashville
Course in Nashville, Tenn. ; the Atlanta, Ga., Course,
under the auspices of the Atlanta Jockey Club; the
Lafayette Course, of Augusta, Ga., under the auspices
the Jockey Club of that place; the Prudhomme Course
in Natchitoches, La. ; the Newmarket Course in Peters-
burg, Va. ; the Ten Broeck Course in Savannah, Ga. ;
the Warrenton Course in Warrenton, N. C. ; the Fairfield
Course in Fairfield, Va. ; the Bascombe Course in
Mobile, Ala. ; the Glasgow Course in Kentucky, and
others of like standing.

The more important of these places supported racing
very well. Indeed, the sport thrived better and seemed
to be in better condition generally in the South than it
had been for many years, or in any other part of the
United States at that time. According to population,
the turf was more generously patronized in the smaller
places than at any other courses, except, perhaps, those
in Lexington and New Orleans, the meetings often
attracting from fifteen to twenty of the best horses from
all parts of the United States, while the purses offered
ranged in value from $300 or $400 to $1,000. Among
the prominent owners who were represented on these
occasions were Messrs. William H. Gibbons, Thomas
W. Doswell, Richard Ten Broeck, David McDaniel, T. B.
Poindexter, John Campbell, B. F. Cheatham, W. T.
Cheatham, H. E. Barton, William Roundtree, Thomas
G. Bacon, Thomas Puryear and T. B. Goldsby.

Good prices began to be paid for thoroughbreds, for
their value on the turf and in the stud. was fully recog-
nized. Mr. R. A. Alexander, of Woodford, purchased
Lexington from Mr. Ten Broeck in i8s6, paying for him
$15,000. That was not, however, the highest price that
had been paid for a horse in the United States at that
time. Priam, who was imported, cost $25,000. Rodolph,
a horse that never amounted to much in anyway, brought
$18,000. Monmouth Eclipse sold for $14,000, and one
authority of that period declared that he was worth
about twenty shillings. Post-boy, who was the North-
ern champion and ran against John Bascombe, by whom
he was defeated, was sold for over $18,000. Porter's
Spirit of the Times said of these two horses "Neither
he nor Bascombe were worth shucks, and neither has
been the sire of a winner fit to start for sour buttermilk."
Bertrand and Medoc were each held to be worth $35,000.
Shark and Medley sold for $10,000 each, and to quote
again from Porter's Spirit of the Times, "The first .was
originally worth, as a stallion, twenty shillings; the
second not the cost of the powder and shot that should
kill him." Other horses of that day brought prices

comparable with those that have already been quoted.
Nor was the South entirely alone in feeling the stimu-
lus of the new spirit and in participating in the renewed
activity in turf matters. New York had hitherto main-
tained almost alone the standing of the thoroughbred in
its section, and now the old Fashion Course began
again to witness affairs that in a small way, at least,
recalled its earlier triumphs. One of the most interesting
races of this period, whether of the North or of the
South, was that wherein Nicholas I. defeated Engineer,
an account of which is given in another chapter of this
volume. In this race were matched the Glencoe stock,
represented in Nicholas, champion of the North; the
Sovereign stock, represented in Charleston, the cham-
pion of the more extreme South, and the Revenue
stock, represented by Engineer, the champion of Vir-
ginia, three illustrious sons of three of the most renowned
stallions in America. Not only as a contest between
rival sections of the country, recalling memories of simi-
lar meetings of previous generations, did this race attract
attention, but it was also the occasion of animated dis-
cussion regarding the relative merits of the three great
equine families represented by the contestants.

Locally it was regarded as the greatest turf event of
the season, and called out the attention not only of rac-
ing men, but of society folk and the public generally.
Special preparations were made for the occasion by the
managers of the course, as the following advertisement,
which was published in the newspapers of the day, will
show : "Fashion Course — In order that those in mod-
erate circumstances may have an opportunity of seeing
the Great Four-Mile Race between Nicholas, Charleston
and Engineer at a moderate expense, the Proprietor has
adopted the following scale of prices for admission to
the Course and Stands: Subscribers' Badge for the meet-
ing, $10.00. Quarter Stretch Badge for the day, $3.00.
Admission to Field and Public Stands, $1.00. Gentle-
man's Badge for Ladies' Stand, $2.00. The Members'
Stand has been set apart for the exclusive use and occu-
pancy of Ladies and their attendants, and no charge will
be made for Ladies; and a handsome saloon has been
fitted up for their special accommodation, where refresh-
ments of all kinds and of the best quality can be obtained.
Billy Florence will be on hand in the Quarter Stretch
Stand with Fish, Chowder, Oyster Stews, Oysters in the
half shell and all sorts of accompaniments; and visitors
to the course may rely on everything being in perfect
keeping with the occasion. An efficient police is en-
gaged, and the most perfect order will be kept."

Another good four-mile heat race was run in June,
1857, upon the Fashion Course, on which occasion Mr.
John G. Cocks, of Louisiana; Mr. Francis Morris, of New
York, and Mr. Henry K. Toler, of New Jersey, were the
judges. Mr. John Hunter's Nicholas 1., by imported

3S

THE AMERICAN TURF

Glencoeout of Nanny Rhodes by Wagner, Campbell and
Barton's Lizzie McDonald, formerly Sue Washington, by
Revenue out of Sarah Washington by Garrison's Zin-
ganee, and Mr. James Talley's Lucy Philips, by Tally Ho
out of Betsey White, were the contestants. Nicholas 1.
won in two straight heats, the time being 7 minutes, 39
seconds and 7 minutes, 44)^ seconds. Nicholas I. was
a celebrated horse of his day. In 1856 he was sold for
$3,000, and within one year won double that amount in
stakes, while those who backed him rarely failed to
realize large money. He was foaled in Kentucky, near
Lexington, and the famous jockey, Pincus, almost
invariably rode him.

Down to the close of the half century, Virginia stock
or descendants maintained their supremacy. Close up
to the time of the outbreak of the Civil War such horses
of Virginia families as Whale, Marksman, Bonnie Lassie,
Lizzie McDonald, Engineer, Shocco and Slasher were
among the leading winners, and even Governor Wick-
liffe, although got by the renowned Glencoe out of
Motto by the St. Leger winner, Barefoot, and bred in
Kentucky, was claimed to be of old Virginia stock in
several of his crosses. The Virginia horses still con-
tinued to be held in the same high esteem as during the
previous 100 or 150 years, and the patriotic horsemen of
that State never tired of referring to the period when the
valuable blood horses of the Old Dominion were the
most renowned productions of this country. Washing-
ton Irving in his Life of Washington tells how the cele-
brated Colonel Tarleton got the advantage of the Conti-
nental troops by mounting his cavalrymen on race horses
that he found on the Virginia plantations.

That the Virginia horses still continued to be as ex-
cellent animals as their ancestors was shown again and
again by their brilliant performances in this period. A
race in four-mile heats in 1858, in which the celebrated
Lizzie McDonald, quite as well, if not better, known by
her original name of Sue Washington, defeated Nicholas
I., the occasion being their seventh contest, was quoted
in support of this proposition. The first heat of this race
was run in 7 minutes, 41^2 seconds, its third and fourth
miles respectively being in i minute, 54^^ seconds and i
minute, ^2>4 seconds, an aggregate for the two miles of
3 minutes, 47 seconds. The second heat was run in 7
minutes, 49}^ seconds, the last three miles being in i
minute, 58 seconds, i minute, 55 seconds and i minute,
53>^ seconds, an aggregate for the three miles of 5 min-
utes, 46}^ seconds, and of the first and second miles of
3 minutes, 53 seconds. The first heat was the fastest
four miles by half a second ever made on the Charleston
Course, where this race was run, and was a gallant test
of blood and bottom, honorable alike to the victor and
the conquered.

The entries for the autumn races over the Fashion

Course on Long Island in September, 1858, will give as
fair an idea as it is possible to present in any way of the
personality of the turfmen of that period, and of the
character of the horses that were then most prominent.
The Fashion Course was no longer controlled by a
gentlemen's jockey club, but was simply a private en-
terprise managed for business purposes by a single pro-
prietor, Mr. O. P. Hare, of Virginia. In this respect it
was in the same class with many other important race
courses throughout the country, which were at that time
entirely individual business projects. At this meeting
nine stables were represented. Mr. John Hunter, with
N. B. Young for trainer, had Nicholas I., Mohican, Jim
Watson and others. Mr. William H. Gibbons, with D.
Macoun for trainer, had the Czar, Mary Eveline, Gold
Leaf and Crinoline. Mr. Francis Morris, with W. E.
Ellis, trainer, had Throgg's Neck, Westchester and
Profit Colonel R. H. Dickinson, with William Stewart,
trainer, had Don Juan and George Wickliffe. Messrs.
Branch & Dickinson, with William Wyche, trainer, had
Tar River. Colonel John Campbell, with T. B. Patter-
son, trainer, had Lizzie McDonald and Laura Spillman.
The Messrs. Doswell, of Virginia, with Jerome Edgar,
trainer, had Slasher and Planet. Mr. P. C. Bush,
Messrs. Reber & Kutze, Dr. A. Kirwin, of Canada, and
others were also represented. There were eight nomi-
nations for a great four-mile sweepstakes, among them
Lizzie McDonald, Nicholas I., Mohican, Tar River and
Slasher. For the Fashion Handicap, with three pieces
of silver plate as a prize, there were sixteen nomina-
tions, among them being Mr. P. S. Forbes' Zanoni, by
Zinganee; Mr. W. H. Gibbons' The Czar, by Tally Ho;
Mr. Charles S. Lloyd's Charlie Ball, by Wagner; Mr.
John Hunter's Nicholas I., by imported Glencoe; Mr.
John Campbell's Laura Spillman, by Wagner, and also
Don Juan, Slasher, Toler, Parachute and others.

This particular meeting has a special historical interest.
In the Fashion Handicap was in effect the first actual
introduction of the handicap in a practicable and effect-
ive way that had ever been made in the United States.
For a long time there had been many advocates of the
English system of handicapping, and strenuous efforts
had been made to secure its trial, if not its complete
acceptance. Up to this time, however, none of these
attempts had been successful. The adoption of the sys-
tem in this instance, even though in the form of an
experiment, was looked forward to with much interest
by turfmen and the public generally. The first effect of
it was seen, as had been predicted, in the large field that
the race presented and the high merits of the horses that
were nominated. For a sweepstakes to close with six-
teen nominations of the best horses then on the Ameri-
can turf was something unusual, where three, four or
half a dozen entries were generally the highest number

39

THE AMERICAN TURF

that could be expected. It was, therefore, hoped that
the effect of this innovation would be that larger fields
would be the custom on all tracks and that instead of
two or three horses, or frequently one of pre-eminent
ability appearing to take easy possession of a stake, or,
perhaps, walk over the course for it to the disappoint-
ment of thousands of spectators, there would be many
competitors and an exciting contest in every event.

Our consideration of the history of the American turf
has now led us to a point where the beginning of civil
strife and sectional dissensions made their influence felt
upon the fortunes of this popular sport even as they
were impressed upon all other business, professional and
social interests of the two prominent sections of the
country. The existence of the turf at that time
depended largely upon the hearty accord of owners
representing different portions of the Union and with the
growing bitterness of feeling upon the political ques-
tions that were then uppermost in the minds of all citi-
zens, it became impossible to maintain the conditions
that were needed for successful racing. As we have
already seen, the decadence of the turf had really com-
menced some years previous to this date, and the interest
which prominent and influential men had heretofore
manifested in it was palpably on the decrease, for rea-
sons other than mere sectional differences. Moreover,
the public, after passing through the great panic of 1857,
which brought ruin to thousands and naturally depleted
the ranks of the wealthy patrons of racing, was pre-
occupied, not only with thoughts upon the political
situation, but with energetic effort to recover its finan-
cial standing.

All these things combined to make it, that at no pre-
vious time in the history of the nation had there been so
little disposition for the diversion afforded by sport of
any kind. The turf in short, suffered a decided set-
back and at every point declined enormously. Although
a semblance of racing was still kept up, the few events
that came off were of a desultory and unimportant char-
acter, Kentucky being about the only section in which
the sport flourished with anything that could be consid-
ered as approaching its normal vigor. Before actual
hostilities between the North and South broke out pub-
lic-interest in the turf had become reduced to a low
point and the final clash of arms gave the sport what
was feared at the time would be its death blow.

It is singular to notice, however, and is also an inter-
esting commentary upon the spirit of the times as
showing the general hopefulness that pervaded both
sections up to the last moment that somehow the
dreaded conflict would be avoided, that the racing events,
such as they were, were continued throughout i860 and
even into 1861. They were advertised in the Northern
newspapers and reports of them sent from the South were

of a character that showed that many of the turfmen
were even more concerned over questions of pedigree
and speed than they were over the controversies of poli-
tics and arms. Even after Fort Sumter had been fired
upon, this condition of affiiirs continued. As late as
June, 1861, the Magnolia Jockey Club, of Mobile, Ala.,
announced its Winter Meeting for the following Decem-
ber and its spring stakes for March, 1862, with seem-
ingly the fullest confidence that nothing would be
likely to occur to interfere with the complete realization
of its plans. At the same time the Savannah Jockey
Club was contemplating its annual meeting in January,
1862, and other events were set down in Tennessee,
Kentucky, South Carolina and Virginia for the summer
and autumn of 1861 and the spring of 1862.

This anomalous condition of affairs, however, could
not long continue. Men soon became impressed with
the terrible seriousness of the struggle before them and
shortly abandoned all further thoughts of turf exploita-
tions. Race tracks in all parts of the country largely
suspended their meetings, the jockey clubs, especially of
the South, were dissolved, while the great breeding
establishments that for generations had been the pride of
Virginia, Tennessee and other States of that section
were completely broken up. The thoroughbreds had
graver work before them now than striving for mastery
over the course. They were drawn into the armies,
especially for the South, and probably never in history
had officers and men of the cavalry service been so
superbly mounted as was now the case in the Confed-
erate Army. Leading turfmen of the South generally
took an active part in the struggle, and their farms and
race tracks were, for the time being, abandoned. Mis-
fortunes of the character that naturally afflicted the
Southern people, for the most part, were spared the
turfmen of the North, who were relatively few in num-
ber. Nevertheless, for the time being, the war put an
end also to racing upon the courses of the North, where
the sport had been kept alive for so long mainly through
a spirit of rivalry with the South.

General attention on the part of those who, despite the
overshadowing clouds of war, still maintained a lingering
interest in horse flesh, was now in the absence of those
particular exhibitions of the thoroughbred that had here-
tofore concerned them turned to a considerable degree
toward the English turf. The presence in that country
of Mr. Ten Broeck, who had already been there for
several years with his stable of American cracks, afforded
a special reason why turf affairs in that country should
be watched with increasing attention and interest.
Consequently, we find that at this period the literature
of the American turf confined itself almost exclusively to
that special branch of the subject. The trotting horse,
however, held a decided supremacy over the thorough-

40

THE AMERICAN TURF

bred in the attention tiiat was given to iiim in tlie Nortii
clurinc: the war days. Having never, to any great
extent, been in favor in the South, the trotter remained
unaffected by the changed conditions in that section.
The North, and especially New York and New England,
was the natural home of the trotter, even as the South
had on the other hand always cultivated the thorough-
bred almost exclusively. In New England, where
racing had never taken firm hold and has not even to the
present day, the trotting horse was the only favorite and
continued even throughout the war to engross such
attention from those interested in horses as could be
given to the subject amid the increasing distraction of
arms. But even this modified concern over horses and
racing soon fell into the background, overwhelmed by
the more pressing exigencies of the hour and the
demands upon the patriotism of the public in those times
that tried men's souls. It was not long before the turf,
whether in its running or trotting manifestation, dis-
appeared from the public and business life of the North,
as well as in the South, not to be revived until after the
great question of national existence should be forever
settled.

And yet it was at this critical time, as late as August,
1862, that the first meeting ever held in Boston for the
flying contests of the turf was inaugurated upon the
Franklin Park Course, which had been hitherto given up
to the trotters who have always been exceptionally
popular in Boston. Up to that time the knowledge of the
stay-at-home sporting public of that city had been con-
fined in the way of racing entirely to trotting features.
The elimination of the Southern tracks from the calcula-
tions of owners had moved them to a desire to expand
the circuit for the performances of their champions in the
North. The owners of the Kentucky and New York
stables, who were then furnishing nearly all the turf
attractions, were a little doubtful about the experiment
of trying racing in the old Bay State, but made the
venture in default of anything better offering. The
meeting was measurably successful, but after all failed to
fix the running turf in the affections of the Bostonians.

The entries for this four days' meeting show very well

upon what stables and horses the turf was then depend-
ing. Mr. John Hunter was there with Sunshine, by
Balrownie out of imported Comfort and Miss Jessie by
Revenue; the Honorable Zeb Ward with a bay filly, by
Lexington out of a dam by Yorkshire, and Reporter,
by Lexington out of a dam by Eclipse; Mr. P. C. Bush
with Aerolite, by Revenue out of a dam by Rhoda,
Cyclone by Vandal out of Marigold and Trovatore by
Vandal out of Marigold; Mr. C. S. Lloyd with Throgg's
Neck, by Cracker out of Sally Ward, Avalanche by
Revenue, and Revenge by Monarch out of Fashion; Dr.
J. W. Weldon with Betty Ward by Lexington out of
Whalebone; Captain T. G. Moore with Laura Paris and
Idlewild, both by Lexington ; Dr. Underwood with
Emma by Logan, and Mr. D. Robbin with Wragram by
Yorkshire. In a four-mile race, single dash, at this
meeting Throgg's Neck made the very good time of
7 minutes, '^4/4 seconds, over a course that was in very
heavy condition.

During the same year there were spring meetings in
New York and Philadelphia. Most of the same stables
were represented on these occasions, as in the Boston
meeting. It is interesting to recall also that Philadelphia
was like Boston in its devotion to the trotter and had
never patronized the thoroughbred, save in occasional
instances. At the Philadelphia meeting Mr. R. A.
Alexander entered Ann Clark, by Lexington out of Kitty
Clark by Glencoe, Bay Flower, by Lexington out of
Bayleaf by imported Yorkshire and Norton by Lexington
out of Novice by Glencoe. The Honorable Zeb Ward
presented Blondone by imported Sovereign out of a dam
by Glencoe. Colonel Campbell entered two Wagner colts
and Mr. A. J. Minor entered two Balrownie colts. In
the New York meeting, which followed the Philadelphia
meeting by one week, the same horses that had appeared
in Philadelphia and Boston, with others from Kentucky
and New York stables, were entered, including such
cracks as Idlewild, Molly Jackson, Nicholas I., Solferino
and others. These meetings are now of interest chiefly
from the fact that they were practically the last expiring
manifestations of turf activity previous to the stag-
nation that was to exist for the ensuing ten years.

41

MODERN TURF DEVELOPMENT

Revival of Racing After the Close of the Civil War — A Brilliant Period in the North —

Anti-Race Track Legislation and its Effects — Entering Upon a

New Career Under Changed Conditions

'HEN we come to consider the progress of the
turf in the United States during the last quar-
ter of the nineteentfi century, the task is even
more appalling in its magnitude than that
undertaken in reviewing the earlier records. As we have
already pointed out, in preceding chapters, the great dif-
ficulty that lies in the way of evolving a thorough and
reliable history of the American turf in the first century
or more of its existence, arises from the fact that com-
paratively little attention was given to the preservation
of records in those times. This was most emphatically
true of the time previous to 1800, and it is only measur-
•ably less so of most of the present century. Until well
toward 1850 no one seemed to consider it worth while
to gather the perishing records for permanent preserva-
tion. To be sure, the Stud Book antedates that time and
the pedigrees are substantially reliable back, perhaps, to
the first quarter of the century. But pedigrees, however
important to the breeder and professional turfite, consti-
tute only a small part of the whole history of the turf

To the general public, and to turfmen as well, the story
of the great races and of the owners of olden times with
the records of the various efforts that were made to
stimulate and develop breeding and racing are quite as
interesting and, from certain points of view, quite as
valuable as the mere list of pedigrees. It is in these
latter particulars that the history of the early turf is
notably deficient. The periodical press, upon which we
now mostly rely for the preservation of the fleeting facts
of the day for the benefit of posterity as well as for our
own profit and enjoyment, was then almost unknown so
far as it related to the turf To be sure, as early as 1829,
the publication of the monthly magazine, entitled The
American Turf Register and Sporting Magazine, was be-
gun by Mr. John P. Skinner, of Baltimore. Although
there was much valuable information in this periodical,
it was not altogether reliable, nor did it pretend to any
degree of thoroughness regarding the events of the turt
during its existence. Moreover, it lasted only fifteen
years. For some two or three years Mr. Cadwalader
R. Colden, of New York, who was well known as a
writer about the turf over the signature of "An Old
Turfman," published another sporting magazine that
was very admirable in its way, howsoever inadequate
and disappointing it was in its failure to cover the entire

field. Some time in the thirties Mr. William T. Porter
founded the first weekly sporting newspaper ever pub-
lished in this country. The Spirit of the Times. More
space was given in this paper to other kinds of sport
than to racing, such as hunting, fishing, gaming, etc.,
but on the whole, the periodical entered upon an un-
occupied field and became of very decided usefulness.
In its columns, and in those of its successors, variously
known as The Old Spirit, Porter's Spirit and Wilkes'
Spirit, the delver for information regarding the American
turf down to the time of the Civil War, finds much that
is valuable and interesting and out of which it is possible
to construct a fairly accurate history of the turf of that
period. Although breeding and racing assumed consid-
erable proportions between 182^ and 1850, the sport
was, generally speaking, in compact shape, that is, com-
paratively few horses attained to great prominence, few
breeders and owners were prominent, and the racing
events, while of transcendent interest, were not notably
numerous. It is, therefore, not difficult to gain some-
thing of a comprehensive view of the general condition
of the sport in those generations.

Coming down to the immediate present, the task of
reviewing the progress of the turf of the United States
during this last quarter of the nineteenth century be-
comes almost appalling in its magnitude. Racing has
arisen to be one of the most popular forms of sport, and
the gallant thoroughbred, as a subject of popular admir-
ation, is scarcely second to the great operatic prima
donna or the famous actress. In the aggregate, many
thousands of persons are regular attendants upon the
race meetings in the various parts of the country during
the season, which is generally considered to begin in
May and end in November. Nor does this activity
cease altogether with the autumn months. Such is the
popular demand for the sport that it is almost impossible
to satisfy it anywhere within reasonable limitation. As a
result, winter racing has been instituted as a feature of
several of the courses in the South and in California,
and for a short time was even indulged in to a limited
extent in the North, where, however, the spectacle of
game blood horses tearing their way through mud and
snow was anything but agreeable to admirers of the
noble animal. But take it throughout the country, start-

ing with New York in the North, since there is almost

42

THE AMERICAN TURF.

no running known in the section furtiier E;ist, and
going tiirougii the West, South, Southwest and to the
Pacific Coast, it is scarcely exaggeration to say that
there is practically no cessation in the beat of the
thoroughbred's hoofs upon the track throughout the
entire year. It is a common thing for a thousand or
more horses to be in training at a single one of the
more important race tracks, and the total number of
thoroughbreds of each season is almost beyond calcula-
tion.

The difficulties that lie in the way of even a compara-
tively adequate review of the phenomenal activities con-
nected with the turf in the present day must be apparent
to everyone. Volumes would be required and a lifetime
of work would be called for to treat the subject compre-
hensively and thoroughly. As it is, the Stud Book and
the various turf guides are plethoric with information,
which, however, is purely statistical, and does not pre-
tend to give, in any sense whatsoever, a picture of the
turf as it really exists, with the influences surrounding
and guiding it and its position as a great national insti-
tution. The miscellaneous literature of the subject has
become something enormous. Daily newspapers give a
great deal of their space to recording the movements of
the thoroughbreds and of those who are interested in
them, whether as owners, breeders, trainers, racing
officials, or followers of the turf generally. Special
periodicals devoted to the business have increased in
number and in value, and it takes thousands of columns
every year to even measurably record the turf activity of
the period.

With this superabundance of material at hand, while
so much of it is of a desultory and ephemeral character,
one may not hope within reasonable limitations of time
and space to be able to present much more than a gen-
eral idea of the prominence that turf affairs have assumed
in contemporaneous times, or to more than merely
touch upon some of its most salient features with the
idea of fairly exhibiting its present status, the character
of the gentlemen who are now conspicuously recog-
nized as its supporters, the ups and downs of its career,
some of the more notable and picturesque features that
identify it, and the outlook for its future greatness.
Looked at in this way, it becomes absorbingly interest-
ing, not only to sportsmen, but also to the general
reader, who is perhaps little concerned over long pedi-
grees or tables of records. Certainly, the relation of the
history of no national institution of this period could by
any possibility be more fascinatingly interesting than
that pertaining to the American turf.

A revival of racing was not immediate after the close
of the hostilities that had racked the North and South.
The widespread destruction of important business and
social interests that had been the inevitable result of that

terrible contest made it impossible for communities to
return at once to their former condition. Profound
governmental and other questions that had arisen out of
the struggle between the two sections remained so long
unsettled that, as the history of the period shows us, the
animosities between North and South were scarcely less
violent than they were in the dark days when the ap-
peal to the abitrament of arms was being considered,
and when partisan passions raged fiercely. Moreover,
the great breeding establishments of the South had gone
with the general ruin that had swept over that section of
the United States, while hundreds of the best thorough-
breds had fallen upon the battle field. In years gone by
the turf was really dependent for its existence upon these
Southern stables and stud farms. Their loss now was
seriously felt all over the country and was impossible of
remedy, except by a slow and steady growth extending
over many years of the future.

Gradually, however, the atmosphere began to clear,
business came back to its normal condition, men's
minds turned more and more from the strife of arms
and politics and sectional controversies, and they again
found time to devote to the amenities of life. Among
the interests that earliest felt the influence of this new
national life, racing was most conspicuous. A few
years had served to bring into existence almost a new
race of thoroughbreds, principally based upon a few
noble horses who had escaped the perils of war and the
demands of military service. Yearlings from Kentucky,
Tennessee and other great breeding States came out
again, and although at first they were few in number,
their presence indicated that a start had been made in the
right direction. This gave abundant encouragement to
those who were most hopeful of seeing a return of the
glorious days of the old regime in racing.

In the decade that included the period of the Civil
War, particularly in its latter years, some of the greatest
blood horses known to the American turf made their
appearance. To a considerable extent they were the get
of Lexington or Leamington, although other families
continued to perpetuate themselves in a no wise unim-
portant manner. Lexington, who had escaped frilling a
victim of the war, was again engaged in repopulating
the paddocks and in introducing a new crop of sons and
daughters who should perpetuate his fame even more
grandly than those who had preceded them. Of Lexing-
ton's sons, Kentucky, Asteroid and Norfolk had been
first in the public eye. while Foster, Preakness, Harry
Bassett, Monarchist and others were just at the begin-
ning of their careers. War Dance had returned from
exile in Texas to new and valuable service in the stud.
Imported Australian was adding new strains to the old
Lexington and other purely American blood that were
soon to practically recreate the American thoroughbred.

43

THE AMERICAN TURF

Maggie B. B., one of the most valuable brood mares ever
known to the turf in the United States, saw the light in
the latter sixties, while Eolus was just entering upon a
brilliant and important career. Vandal threw Virgil and
other sons, and was taking a noble part in the recreation
of the turf.

Enquirer and other sons of Leamington were giving
abundant promise of future usefulness, while Billet,
Glenelg, Moitemer and other representatives of the
greatest English fomilies were arriving from abroad, and
by their engagements in the stud opening a distinctly
new as well as most important chapter in the annals of
breeding on this side of the water. Well it might be that
the genuine turfman of this period regarded the situation
not only with complacency, but with a profound con-
fidence that the brightest days that the noble sport had
ever known were about to dawn. Nor, as history has
since recorded, was this confidence in any wise prema-
ture or misplaced. The older generation of turfmen had,
to a considerable extent, passed away. Some of them,
however, still lingered upon the scenes of their former
triumphs, and were no less enthusiastic and energetic
than in the days long gone by. The places in the ranks
of those who had fallen out were more than filled by
new accessions, and the public began to take an interest
in racing matters such as it had scarcely ever before
shown. And the equine champions of this period were
in every respect worthy of their ancestors and equal to
the demand that the public enthusiasm made upon them.

Within five years after the Civil War had been brought
to a close men had found time to consider again the
delights of the turf. This was the era of the Ameri-
can Jockey Club at Jerome Park and the courses at
Saratoga and Monmouth Park, all of which are more
fully described in another chapter of this volume. These
three courses in particular sprang at once into the full
flower of public approval, and were above all else the
means of leading to the complete rehabilitation of the
turf Other courses in the vicinity of New York were
opened at Paterson and Secaucus, N. J., while running
meetings were held at Chicago, Narragansett Park,
Springfield, Mass. ; Boston, Columbus, O., and other
places that had rarely, if ever before, seen jockeys in
silken jackets, and that have not since then shown more
than a passing admiration for the thoroughbred.

Stimulated by this turf activity of the North, and also,
of course, moved by their inherited predilection for the
thoroughbred, the men of the South, those who had
been identified with the turf for a generation or more,
as well as many younger men who were joining the
ranks, took up again the work that they had laid down
in '6i. Beginning to recover, at last, from the debilitat-
ing effects of the internecine struggle in which they had
been engaged, they turned their thoughts and their

energies again to the old-time sport that had for a cen-
tury and a half been characteristic of the section of the
country with which they were identified. Mobile had
her Magnolia Course, New Orleans her Metairie Course,
Memphis her Chickasaw Jockey Club, Nashville her
Blood Horse Association, Louisville her Woodlawn
Course and Lexington her Association Course, around
all of which the most delightful historic memories clus-
tered, and that now returned to their former high estate.
St. Louis organized the Laclede Jockey Club, Cincinnati
had her Buckeye Jockey Club, while Zanesville and
Chillicothe, O., and numerous other smaller places, were
also becoming interested in the running horse and
establishing courses where there was always good
racing to be seen.

This growth of public interest in racing was steady
and rapidly enlarged in proportions from this time on.
Localities where racing was introduced multiplied, such
was the unbounded enthusiasm that had sprung up
among people in all sections of the country. In the
early years of the succeeding decade running meetings
were fimly established in public favor in Nashville, New
Orleans, Richmond, Lexington, Louisville, San Fran-
cisco, Denver, Baltimore, Cincinnati, St. Louis, Chilli-
cothe, O. ; Chicago, Columbus, O. ; Philadelphia,
Ogdensburg, N. Y. ; Helena, Mont, and elsewhere,
while the great courses in the vicinity of New York City
were at the height of their unprecedented popularity
and success. The racing season had been already
extended, so that on the regular and' most important
tracks it lasted with scarcely an interruption throughout
the spring, summer and autumn. At the same time the
demand for racing outside of the regular season was
already beginning to show itself, so that they were here
and there supplementary seasons that were scarcely sec-
ond in interest to the more important and generally
recognized meetings.

It must not be thought, however, that all this advance-
ment, pronounced though it was, was seen immediately,
or its importance fully recognized until after long years
had gone by and men were able to look back and con-
sider the events of those times in the light of their rela-
tions to each other and in their final results. A great deal
of this newly manifested interest in the turf was, it must
be confessed, of a somewhat spasmodic character and
did not outlive the immediate period in which it first
displayed itself. The great New York courses long main-
tained their supremacy and exercised an enduring influ-
ence. In some other places that started in brilliantly and
with great promise for success there proved to be less
endurance, and the sport was abandoned there almost as
quickly as it had been taken up.

Notwithstanding some favorable circumstances pecu-
liar to the South, it required fully ten years after the

44

TTTE AMERICAN TURF

Civil War iiad closed to revive any pronounced interest
in racing in tiiat part ol' the coLintry oi' in the West, tiiat
was more or less influenced by tiie Soutii. Tiie people
who lived below the Mason and Dixon line had not yet
recovered from the depressing effects of the sanguinary
trouble that ended in 1S64, and they were, on the whole,
too fully engaged in seeking to restore their former com-
mercial and industrial welfare and in considering the
grave political and governmental questions that pressed
to the front as an outcome of the war. They had little
time, little money and little disposition for sport of any
kind. With their country laid waste by the armies that
had marched and fought over it, with their material
possessions wasted and their lives to be begun all over
again, it was the practical problems of the hour that
confronted them.

Something more than a day or a year was required to
bring back the past and to open the way for a new future.
Even as late as 1874 the racing events of the South and
West were neither prominent nor valuable. New Orleans,
Nashville and Lexington were the only places in which
racing had as yet begun to assume anything like its
ante-bellum proportions, and even in those places the
supporters of the turf were not able to offer very great
financial inducements to call horses of the first class to
the courses supported by them. The events on those
courses were mostly filled by local talent, or were some-
times contributed to by breeders and owners in adjacent
States. The Howard Sewanee, Phoenix Hotel and other
stakes were not yet large enough to attract much out-
side attention, nor was a victory over the fields that
generally ran for them considered of much importance.
Attempts were made to start racing on a considerable
scale in Louisville, St. Louis, Chicago and elsewhere, but
in no case did notable success attend the enterprises.
Chicago tried to mix the incongruous elements of trotting
and running with, of course, the inevitable failure that
has ever attended such ill-advised attempts. The half a
dozen seasons or more that the course was open there
has scarcely left a memory, and certainly no important
impress, upon the turf of the country. As for St. Louis,
only the slightest attention was paid to the racing intro-
duced there, for owners and breeders in other parts of
the country found better engagements nearer at home.
Even in Louisville there was manifest difficulty in reviv-
ing interest, despite the fact that that city was so near
the great blue grass region.

In North Carolina almost the first attempt to hold a
running race after the war was at the State Fair in
Raleigh in 1872. The event is interesting as affording a
striking illustration of the weakness of the turf in that
State at that time, and it is also a fair illustration of the
condition of things that generally prevailed then through-
out the South. With difficulty even the semblance of a

race was arranged. A chestnut colt, named Jack Roul-
hac, a nameless, thoroughbred gray mare and a nameless
gray colt were entered. The chestnut colt ran one and
one-half miles in 3 minutes, 30 seconds, and was easily
the winner. In the following year a few more horses
appeared upon a similar occasion, and Jack Roulhac was
again at the head of the procession. In 1875, the annual
race was contested by Jack Roulhac, Notre Dame (a bay
mare by Lexington out of Novice) and Mary Long, a
bay mare by Warminster. In 1875, there was some very
good racing at the State Fair, and from that time on
the condition of things began to steadily improve. In
1872, Red Dick was the only thoroughbred stallion stand-
ing in the State.

A project for reviving racing in the South on a broad
scale was started in the summer of 1872. Some of the
leading turfmen of the country made an appeal to
members of the old Charleston Jockey Club and the
supporters of the turf in Macon, Savannah and Augusta.
Recalling "the happy hours spent under the old regime,"
they urged that measures should be taken to re-establish
racing, particularly in the cities named, and pledged
themselves to send their horses and to do all in their
power to perpetuate the interest of racing throughout
the old Southern circuit. Among the prominent owners
and trainers who joined in this declaration were Colonel
David McDaniel, Major T. G. Bacon, Major Thomas W.
Doswell, Dr. J. W. Weldon, Mr. E. V. Snedeker, Mr.
David McCoun, Captain W. M. Connor, Mr. Thomas
Puryear, Mr. H. P. McGrath, Mr. R. W. Walden and
others to the number of twenty-five.

Down even to the time of the early seventies, the
glory that has compassed the turf in this generation was
still in the future, despite the gratifying progress that
had been made towards its revival and the fixed position
that it had been able to attain in several localities. Not-
withstanding the multiplication of race tracks, Lexington
and Nashville in the Mississippi Valley and the American
Jockey Club and Saratoga in the East, were the only
ones that made any' pretense of offering substantial
inducements to breeders and owners to do their part
toward the development of the blood horse. Elsewhere
there was little that made it worth the while of breeders
to expand their business or to owners to subscribe
to stakes. Those who have made the closest study of
the history of the turf scarcely need to have it pointed
out to them that at the period which is here under con-
sideration, by far the greater part of the important racing
in the United States was upon the great Northern courses
and one or two in the South. Elsewhere the racing,
however interesting it might be and however suggestive
of a great future, was, on the whole, of secondary im-
portance and valuable mainly as a starting point, rather
than as marking a positive and valuable achievement.

45

THE AMERICAN TURF

The great race courses of the North for several years
monopolized public attention to a degree that was alto-
gether to the disadvantage of other sections, temporarily
at least, although of course the ultimate influence that
went out from Northern institutions was beyond all
question healthful. The rich stakes and prizes of the
East drew all the first-class horses from other parts of
the country, so that the local courses of the old-time
racing region were practically denuded. Longfellow,
Harry Bassett, Monarchist, Enquirer, Nellie Gray, Bonita,
Tom Bowling, Vandalite and scores of other great cracks
of that period could be counted upon, for greater success
and more money for their owners by running at Jerome
Park, Saratoga, Monmouth Park, Baltimore and else-
where, than upon the courses nearer home, where, as
yet, it was impossible to offer large purses. The longer
this condition of things continued the lower fell the
condition of the Southern turf, so that ultimately, as has
been pointed out by one authority, "the racing clubs of
the South got poorer and poorer, while those of the East
got richer and richer. Each coming year those of the
South became less prominent, those of the East more
prominent."

When the Louisville Jockey Club was organized in
1875 it was with a distinct recognition of this condition
of affairs and the plan of opening valuable stakes to call
back the great thoroughbreds to their native heath was
inaugurated. The result was what might have been
anticipated, and, in the years immediately following,
racing on the Southern courses began to show new vigor,
somewhat even at the expense of the turf at the North,
which for a decade or more had enjoyed such unex-
ampled prosperity. In the end affairs regulated them-
selves so that a fair balance was maintained between the
two sections, but for a time the struggle for supremacy
was fierce and unyielding and engaged the energies and
resources of turfmen everywhere to the fullest extent.

The year of 1876 was a memorable one in the history
of American racing. The revival of interests in turf
matters had been by this time fully accomplished and the
outlook for general prosperity during the centennial year
of the Republic stimulated the expectations of every one
connected with the sport. The outlook was most
favorable for a large patronage upon racing meetings and
for renewed activity among horsemen, while at the
same time many great thoroughbreds were coming to
the front whose performances seemed to justify the fullest
expectations of those who looked forward to sport of
an exceptionably important character. Such flyers as
Bonaventure, King Alfonso, Aristides, Ten Broeck,
Longfellow, Enquirer, Salina, Tom Bowling, Leander,
Parole, Vagrant, Rhadamanthus, Viator, Sultana, Sun-
burst, Fiddlestick, Brother to Bassett, Tom Ochiltree
and a score of others were among those who were on

the cards, some of them having already" become of
approved merit, while others, who have since attained
to fame, had yet their laurels to earn. Four hundred
and twelve races were run at the recognized meetings at
Jerome Park, Long Branch, Saratoga, Baltimore, Wash-
ington, Philadelphia, Lexington, Louisville, Nashville,
Cincinnati, New Orleans, Savannah, Charleston, Austin
and San Francisco. The minor meetings may be left
out of consideration, for they did not have a serious
influence upon the turf, although the number of races
run in connection with them would largely augment
this quota.

Of these four hundred and twelve races, two hundred
and eighty-four were dashes of from one-half a mile to
four miles distance, while eighty-five were heats, twenty
hurdle races and twenty-three steeplechases. The total
amount of money run in stakes and prizes amounted to
$371,130. The prominent owners who participated in
these events were Messrs. August Belmont, Pierre
Lorillard, George L. Lorillard, H. P. McGrath, Dwyer
Brothers, M. H. Littell, E. A. Clabaugh, Frank Harper,
J. A. Grinstead, A. Keene Richards, E. J. Baldwin,
Governor Bowie and Captain McDaniel. When the
season was ended the record showed that in many re-
spects the turf performances had been the most remarka-
ble ever witnessed in this country. Unprecedented
speed was shown by horses of every age and several
records were substantially reduced. Palmetto, the two-
year old daughter of Narragansett, equaled the best
distance by a two-year old at y& of a mile, Rhadamanthus
sharing with her the honor of the i minute, 3>4 seconds,
that he made a month previous in the same year. Belle
of the Meade twice ran a one mile dash in i minute, 44^
second.s, and was ranked as one of the best daughters of
imported Bonnie Scotland. First Chance, a five-year
old, made the best time, i minute, 15 seconds, for ^ of a
mile. Vigil, the three-year-old son of Virgil, ran 2 miles
in 3 minutes, 37^ seconds, the best race at this distance,
weight and age, and Brother to Bassett, the same age
with 1 10 pounds up, ran the same distance in 3 minutes,
35 seconds. Aristides, son of imported Leamington, ran
2/3 miles in 3 minutes, 45 seconds, and 2}4 miles in 4
minutes, 27>^ seconds, both the fastest time ever made
at the respective distances. Ten Broeck reduced time
on three occasions, first, when he made 2f'8 miles in
4 minutes, 58/^ seconds; second, when he ran 3 miles
in 5 minutes, 26}^ seconds, and third, when he beat
down the record for 4 miles to 7 minutes, 15^ seconds.

In citing these extraordinary performances, the point
was constantly and firmly made, and scarcely denied,
that the horses appearing in this year were far superior
to those of any former period. Accepting this view of
the case, it becomes interesting to note as a striking indi-
cation of the constantly improving quality of our thor-

I

I

46

THE AMERICAN TURF

OLighbrcds, that even these record-breaking feats, which
were considered, in their day, phenomenal, have since
then been many times surpassed by having many sec-
onds l<noci<ed off of them. The only two records that
have maintained their place during the more than twenty
years that have elapsed since they were placed are those
of Aristides' 4 minutes, 27^4 seconds for two and one-
half miles, and Ten Broeck's 4 minutes, 58>{> seconds for
two and five-eighths miles. It is also significant of the
growing interest that characterized turf affairs at that
period that there was no falling off in the ensuing year
as regards the entries and other general preparations for
the season. This was especially gratifying when it was
considered that the extraordinary features connected
with the observance of centennial year had a natural
tendency to stimulate an exceptional activity in the turf
world, as in other affairs, that engaged the attention of
the pleasure-seeking public. The conclusion was irre-
sistible that the American turf was firmly established
upon more solid ground than ever before, and that the
interest of sportsmen and of the public generally could
no longer be considered of a trifling or ephemeral nature.
The character of the attendance upon race meetings had
also reached a higher plane than ever before, having,
in this respect, shown a steady and gratifying improve-
ment for a decade past, and holding out equal promise
for the future.

Looking over the field as it exis ted at this particular
time, one can scarcely fail to be profoundly impressed
with this aspect of general development and the univer-
sally high standing to which, at last, the turf had
attained in nearly every part of the country. The
revival that had been eagerly looked forward to and
persistently labored for had been a long time in com-
ing, but it had finally arrived, and in a way that
delighted all who were in any way concerned for the
welfare of the blood horse or eager to raise the turf to
a position of national importance. It was particularly
between 1875 and 1880 that exceptional changes were
taking place in the status of racing. The record of 1876,
as we have just pointed out, was e.xceptionally brilliant,
but it was surpassed, in some respects, in the years
immediately following. Some definite idea of the char-
acter of this remarkable development may be gained by
careful examination of some of the most important turf
fixtures of the country for several successive years about
this time. These will demonstrate, more than any argu-
ment or lengthy dissertation possibly can to what ex-
tent jockey clubs and horse associations were growing
in power and influence and how responsive horsemen
were becoming to the liberal inducements that were held
out to them from various quarters.

A comparison of the stakes and entries at the principal
courses in the country for the closing years of this decade

is certainly instructive. The recapitulation will give a
reasonably fair idea of the status of the turf in that par-
ticular period. On some accounts the presentation would
seem to be much more favorable than it might have been
in other years, for the reason of the advantageous condi-
tions that attached to 1876 as being our first centennial
year, the members of jockey clubs and racing associations
seeming then to unite in special efforts in the interests of
the sport. Nevertheless, these figures, even though
somewhat incomplete, may be accepted as giving, at
least, a reasonably fair suggestion of the condition of the
turf as it existed ten years after the close of the Civil
War and a little more than two decades ago. There is
suggestion, also, in the discovery that notwithstanding
the unexampled activity of the centennial year, the years
immediately following showed at all points of compari-
son a very marked and gratifying increase.

In 1876, the Louisville Jockey Club had 14 stakes for
which there were 366 entries, the same stakes having
375 entries in the following year and 392 in 1878. The
Kentucky Association had 11 stakes with 166 entries in
1876, 14 stakes with 291 entries in 1877 and 15 stakes
with 304 entries in 1878. The Nashville Blood Horse
Association, in 1876, closed 9 stakes with 192 entries, 12
stakes with 244 entries in the following year and 13
stakes with 228 entries in 1878. The Queen City Jockey
Club had 84 entries for 4 stakes in 1876, 5 stakes with 79
entries in i'877, and 5 stakes with in entries in 1878.
The three stakes of the Louisiana Jockey Club had 35
entries in 1876 and 29 in 1877; with i stake added in
1878 there were J2 entries. The Columbus Jockey Club,
against 3 stakes with 43 entries in 1877, had 5 stakes
with 78 entries in 1878. The Maryland Jockey Club also
showed a gratifying increase during these three years,
its stakes for 1876 being 9 in number with 212 entries,
in 1877, 10 with 274 entries, and in 1878, 13 with ^'^^
entries.

On the other hand there was a distinct falling off in
the business of the two great Northern courses at Sara-
toga and Jerome Park. Saratoga, which, in 1876, had
closed 10 stakes with 355 entries and in 1877, the same
stakes, with 506 entries, could now command only 347
entries for its 10 events. The American Jockey Club's
presentation showed, however, the most alarming deca-
dence. At Jerome Park there were 16 stakes in 1876
with 579 entries, while in the following year there were
775 entries for the same stakes. In 1878, however, the
Maturity, Home Bred Produce and Maryland Stakes were
dropped and the remaining fixtures only called out 481
entries. The St. Louis Jockey Club came into the field
with nine stakes, for which there were 257 entries, and
the Association at Monmouth Park was revived and had
408 entries for its 12 stakes. Altogether the record for
these three years showed in its grand total a gratifying

47

THE AMERICAN TURF

increase, the entries, which were 1,983 in 1876 and
2,611 in 1877, rising in 1878 to 2,989. A statement of
the number of races run and their value for several years
also shows the wonderful development of the period.
In 1874, there were 950 races run, of the value of
$496,772; in 1875, 866 races of the value of $490,649; in

1876, 782 races of the value of $485,509. With 1877, the
advance became very noticeable and continued there-
after. In that year 907 races were run, valued at
$441,652; in 1878, 1,058 races, valued at $461,395 and
in 1879, 1,221 races were run, valued at $545,064. In

1877, fully 1,000 horses started; in 1878, the number
had increased to nearly 1,400, while in the following
year it ran up to over 1,500. At the same time the
number of brood mares in the country was about 2, 100,
while the stallions numbered over 300 and the annual
number of foals was estimated at fully 1,400.

At this point in our retrospect of the turf due consider-
ation must be given to California and its contributions to
the history of the blood horse. It would be an agreea-
ble task to go exhaustively into this particular branch of
the subject, for, notwithstanding coming late into the
field, California has already had a part in the turf history
of the United States that, considering the few years
covered by it, scarcely holds second rank to any other
State or section. In its earliest days the Golden State
manifested little disposition for the race horse, whether
of the trotting or the running family. Californians were
engrossed in the all-absorbing search for gold and ener-
getically engaged in other practical operations, so that
for the time being rational sporting, that required years
for its full development, could scarcely be expected to
meet with appreciation. This condition of affairs, how-
ever, was not destined long to continue. The large
fortunes that were soon accumulated in the hands of the
California pioneers enabled their fortunate possessors to
find a relaxation in one of the most engrossing as well
as one of the most expensive sports.

Even before the Civil War California had gone in for
racing to some extent. The people there were, however,
in those early days more concerned in the trotter than in
the thoroughbred, and trotting matches became fre-
quent on tracks that sprung up all over the State— first
in San Francisco, and afterward in other principal cities
and towns. After the war interest in racing of both
kinds revived in California, as well as elsewhere in the
country, and soon took the form of an increased develop-
ment in the direction of thoroughbred performances.
Until 1873, however, there was no regular organization
for the advancement of sports of the turf in San Francisco,
which was naturally the dominent racing centre of the
Pacific Coast. Racing had been conducted up to that
time purely as a private business enterprise, backed by
individual sportsmen. As far back as 1865, when Nor-

folk defeated Lodi, there had been some good racing
from time to time, but few, if any, really great events
that could attract much, if anything, more than mere
local attention. However, racing continued in San
Francisco and at a few other points in this somewhat
desultory fashion for the next six or eight years.

It was, then, in 1873 that the first organized effort was
made to give direction to turf affairs on the Pacific
Coast. In the spring of that year the Pacific Jockey
Club sprang into existence. Mayor Andrew J. Bryant, a
successful business man, partial to the turf and well
known in the community as a man of standing, became
president. A purse of $25,000 was hung up by the
club for a four-mile and repeat race open to all comers,
and in this Joe Daniels, Hubbard and Thad Stevens,
famous California horses, and True Blue, a good Eastern
flyer, contended. It was subsequently charged that
this race was fixed in the interest of Thad Stevens and
Joe Daniels, and when, in 1S74, a purse of $25,000 was
hung up for a similar event, the same charges that the
race was fixed were also made. .'Another four-mile heat
race for $30,000, postponed from November, 1875, was
run in February, 1876, and engaged the attention of such
champions as Mr. M. A. Little's Foster, Mr. E. J. Bali-
win's Rutherford, Mr. J. C. Simpson's Hock Hocking,
Mr. A. S. Gage's Katie Pease, Mr. M. A. Walden's
Revenue, Jr., Mr. Joseph H. Daniel's Golden Gate, and
Mr. H. Welch's Chance. Grinstead, Wildidle, Spring-
bok and Fanny Hall were also entered, but did not run.
The purse was carried off by Foster in two straight
heats in 7 minutes, ^S}4 seconds and 7 minutes, 53
seconds. There was the same dissatisfiiction with this
race as with those that had preceded it, and gradually
turfmen in other parts of the country became impressed
with the idea that racing affairs in California were not
conducted in a manner calculated to reflect credit upon
the sport, or to warrant those who were most interested
in the elevation of the general standard of racing to give
their countenance to it.

It was some years before the Eastern turfmen regained
their confidence to the extent of becoming patrons of
the track in the Golden State. In recent times, how-
ever, under the supervision of a different class of men
from those who were identified with it in the early
seventies, the turf on the Pacific Coast has assumed an
importance second to that in no other part of the
country. Courses are now numerous, especially in
California; the purses and stakes are of a generous
character that has made them attractive to the best
thoroughbreds in the country, and the general manage-
ment of affairs there has been, on the whole, as enter-
prising and as sportsmanlike as could be asked for.
Some of the greatest stock farms in the country, not
surpassed in extent or importance by any of those in

THE AMERICAN TURF

Kentucky or further E;ist, have been established, among
them being the great Rancho del Paso of Mr. J. B. Hag-
gin and the Palo Alto of the late Senator Leland Stan-
ford. Further East, but still relatively in the Far West,
we must count the Bitter Root Stock Farm of Mr.
Marcus Daly at Hamilton, Mont. Such men as the late
Senator George Hearst, the Honorable Leland Stanford,
Mr. J. B. Haggin, Mr. E. J. Baldwin, and many others
not of less distinction have given the California turf the
highest standing in recent years. To sunny California
have gone some of the greatest American thoroughbreds
of the period, among them Salvator, Firenzi, Ben Ali,
Ban Fox, King Fox and others.

The later importations, such as Leamington, Bonnie
Scotland, Australian, Glenelg and Phaeton, that have
made such a distinct impression upon the American
thoroughbred of this generation, shortly began to come
to the front in a strong manner, the full fruition of their
labors havingbeenseen in more recent times. Leamington,
however, had quite established himself by the success of
his son — Parole — in England, and the work of others of
his progeny in the United States. The dislike of him,
that was felt by many on account of the apparent deli-
cacy or want of constitution in his stock, fast disap-
peared, in view of his success when he encountered the
rugged crosses of the old American stock, his fine racing
qualities attaining the best results in conjunction with
more substance and constitution. His sons, Aristides,
Lyttleton, Lynchburg and Enquirer, also earned golden
opinions for themselves and their sire. Longfellow,
too, had some good performers, and Ten Broeck was
perpetuating in the stud the fame of his sire, imported
Phaeton. Imported Australian, who had always stood
in the shadow of Lexington's greatness, was beginning
to be recognized more and more at his true value, and
was making it clear that the Australian line was bound
to be quite as permanently linked with the future great-
ness of the turf in the United States as that of any impor-
tation in modern times.

Several years ago it was remarked that in no decade in
the history of horse racing in this or any other country
had there been witnessed such a remarkable growth as
that which had been seen in the United States during the
preceding ten years or more, beginning, say, in the later
seventies and extending well toward 1890. During this
time it seemed as though it was almost impossible to
satisfy the public with racing. New jockey clubs and
horse associations were organized all over the country,
and there were few important cities that did not have
one or more new courses opened, while the historic
racing centres, whose history extended back over a gen-
eration, seemed about to renew their youth. The horses
that were in training had doubled, tripled and quad-
rupled in number, and wealthy sportsmen were again

contributing with their money and influence to the
breeding and running of the thoroughbred. This unex-
ampled growth really started in the later seventies, abun-
dant proof of which is derived from the records for those
years to which we have just referred.

In a measure this development was a reflex of the
phenomenal activity that marked the history of that rac-
ing period in the sixties which was so considerably
dominated by the fiimous American Jockey Club. The
turf received a considerable setback from the financial
panic of 1873, but soon afterward began to recover with
a bound. Although this renewed activity was seen in a
great measure in many widely separated parts of the
country, it was especially notable in the North. The
Monmouth Park Association, which had fallen some-
what from its earlier high estate, came under new man-
agement, and its course was so improved that the varied
attractions which it offered and the wholesome change
in the character of its directors attracted an attendance
larger and of a better class of people than ever before in
its history. Old habitues still recalled with pleasure the
famous inaugural at Long Branch in 1870, when the
Americus Club, led by the valiant William M. Tweed,
and headed by the Seventh Regiment Band did honor to
the occasion, but later supporters of Monmouth felt that
the famous course was in worthier hands than ever be-
fore, and better calculated to advance the interests of
high-class sport.

The American Jockey Club, which had not been quite
able to maintain the pace that it had set for itself and for
all its rivals, or to quite hold through all these years to
the brilliant social character that originally distinguished
it, felt the impulse of the new order of things and was
roused to life and activity, so that its meetings were
made more interesting and important than they had been
for many years. A new rival to the old courses about
New York was established in the Coney Island Jockey
Club, with its admirable grounds, at Sheepshead Bay.
Some of the gentlemen who had helped to make the
success of Jerome Park were the promoters of this new
enterprise, and their wisdom in turf affairs was fully
demonstrated by the inauguration of some of the great
fixtures that have since become historic and are now
recognized as among the supreme attractions of the turf
in this country.

In the South and West and on the far-away Pacific
Coast turfmen continued to come forward in increas-
ing numbers, and race courses in those sections carried
on the sport in a generally enterprising and admirable
manner that contributed to the enjoyment of those who
loved to see the thoroughbred in his best performances.
Nevertheless, it still remained indisputable that, for com-
pleteness and perfection of appointments, care and thor-
oughness of management and the unexceptionably high

49

THE AMERICAN TURF

character of racing that was constantly offered, no courses
in the country surpassed those of Jerome Paric, Mon-
mouth Park and Sheepshead Bay. The supremacy of
New York— which had been unchallenged ever since the
American Jockey Club, Saratoga, and their competitors
entered the field — was more generally conceded than it
had been at any preceding period in the history of North-
ern racing. Under the favoring conditions that then ex-
isted the turf of New York became so firmly fixed in its
royal position at the head of the line that it has been able
without difficulty to hold itself there ever since. It may
sometimes seem to the casual observer that the turf his-
torians of this period areincHned to give undue prominence
to that branch of the subject pertaining particularly to
New York. A little thought, however, and even a cur-
sory examination will show that the North, in every
respect save that of breeding, had taken the place that
was occupied by the South and the West in the first half
of the century. The great stud farms are still retained in
the section of which Kentucky is the centre, and in
California and nearly all of that branch of the turf business
still pertains to those localities. In every other respect,
however, New York dominates and has long dominated,
the turf of the country.

It would be an agreeable task to trace further, year by
year, the career of the American thoroughbred and the
events of the race course by which he has made himself
celebrated in the third decade of the period to which
consideration is here being given. The future historian
will find there much that is interesting and valuable.
These times are so near to us that they are still fresh in
mind, and are not yet far enough removed to be regarded
discriminatingly and impassionately from the purely his-
torical point of view. The career of the turf in the
eighties was not altogether as satisfactory as its most
ardent admirers and supporters could wish, but there
were brilliant years when great horses gave as
wonderful displays of their mettle as had ever been seen,
and such active millionaire owners as Messrs. Belmont,
Hearst, Scott, Haggin, Lorillard, Cassett and others,
were foremost in the pursuit of turf honors. In the
early part of this decade the sport was represented by
such distinguished owners as Messrs. August Belmont,
George L. Lorillard, Leonard W. Jerome, Pierre Lorillard,
Dwyer Brothers, and others of New York; J. A. Grin-
stead, H. P. McGrath, J. Jackson, B. G. Thomas and
others of Kentucky; J. B. Malone, J. S. McCall, J. G.
Greener and others of Tennessee; O. Bowie, P. A.
Lynch, E. A. Clabaugh, and others of Maryland; T. W.
Doswell, of Virginia; E.J. Baldwin, of California; and
representatives of such other States as Missouri, Illinois,
Louisiana, New Jersey, Texas, Georgia, the Carolinas,
Ohio and Pennsylvania. In one particular year, 1881,
there were ninety-three establishments, representing

nineteen States, engaged at Saratoga alone for the sum-
mer meeting at that popular resort. Over 1,200 horses
were then in training in these stables, and during the
season fully 700 horses were run in the East.

By reason of death or otherwise, several of the most
energetic and most useful supporters of the turf in the
North and West were withdrawn from the field, and,
for the time being, the much dreaded spirit of commer-
cialism that has so frequently forced its way upon the
race course, much to the detriment of the sport, began
to make its periodic appearance. Later on, however,
the ranks of the genuine turfman were reinforceed by
fresh blood and by the return of some of the older
leaders, who, for a time, had been conspicuous by their
absence. The accessions were numerous and important,
among them being such gentlemen as Messrs. William
Astor, Frank A. Ehret, Marcus Daly, Foxhall Keene, A.
P. Walcott, Pierre Lorillard, Jacob Ruppert, Charles
Fleischman, August Belmont, Perry Belmont, Oliver H.
P. Belmont, and the Dwyer Brothers. This was the era
particularly of such famous cracks as Eole, Miss Wood-
ford, Loisette, George Kinney, Drake Carter, Leo, Bob
Miles, Himalaya, Freeland, Bushwacker, Leonatus,
Badge, Hindoo, and his son Hanover, Kingston, and
others whose names are legion.

Soon there developed what has been fairly de-
nominated as "the high priced period of the Ameri-
can turf," when gentlemen of unlimited wealth vied
with each other in forming large stables and in paying
big prices for thoroughbreds, both of native and of
foreign product. The almost incalculable benefit derived
by the turf from the enterprise of these public spirited
gentlemen scarcely need be dwelt upon in detail here.
The labors of such eminent turfmen as Messrs. Belmont,
Withers, Haggin, Lorillard, Scott, Thompson, and
scores of others, will live long in memory, and will for-
ever be recognized as the most potent influences that
have led up to and brought about the condition of the
turf to-day. It was common to pay thousands for
horses then, where hundreds had been paid before, and
our men of means seemed to be in a fair way to emu-
late the spirit of their forefathers, and to follow the
examples of so many of their English cousins, with
whom racing is not only a passion but a dignified pur-
suit as well. Some of these new found allies lost their
interest shortly, but their ventures had due effect and
must be regarded as valuable contributions to the turf
activity of the period.

In this connection we may not pass over without, at
least, brief reference the dispersal of several large stables
that were features of this period, and that in many ways
were suggestive of the new aspect that turf affairs were
taking, particularly from the financial point of view.
The sale of the Nursery stud of Mr. August Belmont

50

THE AMERICAN TURF

in 1891 was perhaps the most important in the
list of these affairs. It showed a magnificent collection
of the choicest thoroughbred blood that money could
bring together, and fetched the aggregate sum of $630,-
500, a total that exceeded that of the famous breaking-
up sale of the late Lord Falmouth's stud in 1884 by some
$70,000, although the average of the English sportsman's
sale was somewhat higher than that of Mr. Belmont's.
Nor must we overlook the sale of Mr. Frank A. Ehret's
horses in 1892. The meteor-like career of Mr. Ehret's
stable closed with appropriate glory. Mr. Ehret was on
the turf only a few years, but he owned some of the
most valuable horses then in training. His Don Alonzo,
by Long Taw out of Round Dance, fetched $30,000. The
famous Dobbins, then an untried yearling, was sold for
$20,200. Yorkville Belle, whose performances for the
" white, red cap, star and cuffs " were among the sensa-
tions of the two-year old class in 1892, fetched $24,000.
Fairy, by Argyle out of Fairy Rose by Kisber, sold for
$io,GOO. Sir Francis, by imported Mr. Pickwick out of
Thora by Longfellow, for $26,000; Runyon, by Longfel-
low out of Fanfare by imported King Ernest, for $13,-
100; Bowers, by imported Great Tom out of Moselle by
Jack Malone, for $13, 500; and Young Arion, by Miser out
of Glencairne by Glenelg, were among the highest
priced horses on this occasion. The total amount of the
sale for nineteen horses and seven yearlings was $223,-
250. The sale of the Algeria stud of the Honorable
■William L. Scott, of Pennsylvania, and that of the Fern-
cliffe stud, of Mr. William Astor, also were features of
this period of big stables and high prices.

Undoubtedly the publicity that was given to the prices
which wealthy sportsmen were willing to pay for
thoroughbreds of distinction or of promise, the increas-
ing number and value of stakes and purses offered at
the principal race tracks and the large sums of money
which it was possible for a well managed stable to carry
off, had the eifect of attracting to the turf many men who
entered the ranks of racing purely as a business. Before
many years had passed away this developed a con-
siderable change in turf affairs, whether for good or for
ill only the future may be able to reveal. Nowadays
with a few notable exceptions, racing is a business with
the majority of stable owners. While the turf still
remains the playground of the wealthy leisure classes, it
is also the theatre of operation for those who recognize
its possibilities from the purely financial point of view.
One result of this has been to increase the importance
of the breeding business to much larger proportions than
ever before and to add to its profits. Furthermore, the
race-going public is provided with a healthful, pleasant
and exciting recreation and is privileged to witness
more brilliant turf performances than in the past. At
the same time, while the management of jockey clubs

and associations and the direction of turf affairs generally
remains as it does in the hands of gentlemen who are
inspired by their love for the "sport of kings," rather
than by thoughts of the money to be made therefrom,
it is difficult to see how the fact that a racing stable may
become a profitable enterprise can have a deleterious
effect.

It is also this business side of the case that has brought
about one of the most marked changes in racing in
recent times, and that is the increase in races and the
shortening of distances. Nothing more clearly empha-
sizes the difference between the turf as it exists to-day
and as it was in previous generations, than the change
from the old three and four-mile heat racing to the
shorter dashes that now dominate the race course. Out
of this has naturally grown important changes in breed-
ing and training that have had undoubted effect upon
the general character of the native race horse. In early
days, as we have many times had occasion to remark,
turfmen and turf patrons held in the utmost contempt
races that were shorter than heats of one, two, three and
four miles. No stallion could attain to any degree of
popular favor unless he could maintain himself in long
races. Hence, supreme attention was given to the pro-
duction of thoroughbreds who could combine endurance
with the highest rate of speed, and it was not uncommon
for the horses of those days to be able to run even twelve,
sixteen or twenty miles in a single race. They had
vast recuperative power also and lasted inany years
before their final retirement.

Now, however, the short dash is the thing. The
change as to distances was at first gradual, dashes in
the long races being substituted for heats. Next the
cup distance, which was 2]i miles, was made a favorite.
For a decade or more in the first part of the present
period every race course of prominence had its cup event
and cup winners became almost as much a class by
themselves as were the old four-milers. This particular
race held decided prominence during many years,
but now its absence is marked. Step by step followed
the further reduction of distances until finally races for
fractional parts of a mile have become predominant.
As a result of this new condition of things the two-year
old is the all-important factor at the present time. For
him the richest prizes are offered and the whole ten-
dency of racing is to encourage the production of the
spirited, speedy youngster, who can sprint as fast as the
wind. No longer is the well seasoned, sturdy old horse,
who has passed to full maturity, accorded the first place
in the affections of the multitude or in the desires of the
turfmen. As a rule, to be "aged" is now to have
passed beyond the line of desirability.

Moreover relatively fewer horses now than before
become "aged" ere the race course has ceased to

5T

THE AMERICAN TURF

command them. The demands that are made upon the
youngsters wear them out in shorter time than did the
demands made upon their forefathers. But they are no
less fondly remembered than they would be if they were
able to do their four miles and repeat. An animal that
is successful in his two-year old and his three-year old
forms can now reap richer rewards than those who were
able to stay for four-mile heats a quarter of a century and
more ago. Even though the severity of his training
and his work should so overtax his powers that he is
never able to race again, he could if he had the reasoning
intelligence console himself with the thought that he
will be forever remembered as one of the world's great
race horses. Probably Tremont, the unbeaten black whirl-
wind, Saivator, and Tenny, not to invidiously neglect
to mention others, who have had short but brilliant turf
careers, will occupy as high a position in the temple of
equine fame and be as long remembered as any of the
great champions, like Boston, Black Maria, Trifle,
Lecomte and others of that class. It is no slight
work that is put upon these youngsters, and they are
fully entitled to all the renown that comes to them.
Commonly they run in single seasons more races than
their forefathers did in an entire lifetime. It is by no
means extraordinary for them to run twenty, thirty, or
even forty races in a year, which is alone enough for a
strong horse's entire career.

Out of this conspicuous modification in the character
of racing has arisen a demand for the yearling such as
was not dreamed of thirty or forty years or more ago,
and this demand has resulted in very pronounced changes
in methods of breeding and has affected the entire busi-
ness of raising thoroughbreds. With horses as with
everything else, from the commercial point of view, the
supply must meet the demand, and the new demand
having been created, it was inevitable that those whose
business it is to supply the turf with its race horses
should make their plans accordingly. Therefore, we
have had to an unexampled degree the development of
the young and speedy sprinter and the increasing impor-
tance of the yearling, who by reason of the royal blood
of his sire and dam, gives promise of bringing a fortune
to his owner in his two-year old or three-year old form.
Yearling sales have become prominent features of
every season and may be considered to be quite as in-
dicative of the character of the turf of the period as are
the race meetings that are more conspicuously in the
eye of the public. Year by year these yearling sales
have been growing more numerous, more important,
from the amount of money that is involved in them, and
more significant of the temper of the racing community.
A yearling is something of a gamble to be sure, for he
may turn out to be utterly worthless, but his possession
really offers the only chance for the great prizes of the

turf, and, if he shall be a winner, the profits on the
speculation are so far and away beyond the risk that no
one with the true instincts of a sportsman can do other-
wise than make the venture. A few instances may be
cited of some of these profitable transactions, but it will
be unnecessary to multiply them since a greater number
than it would be possible to set down here must come
involuntarily to the mind of every turfman the moment
the suggestion of the subject is made. Sally McClelland
cost Mr. Byron McClelland $2,500. She was a chestnut
yearling filly by Hindoo out of Red and Blue, and, in
1890, won for her owner, $56,000. As a yearling the
Messrs. Morris paid $625 for Russell, who won for them
as a two-year old, $56,123, and as a three-year-old,
$15,595, which all will admit was 'a very handsome
profit on the investment. Eclipse, who was sold from
the Rancho del Paso in 1889 for $300, brought home in
1890, $12,278. His Highness, for whom Mr. David
Gideon paid $3,400 in 1890, returned to his owner in
stakes and purses the following year, $107,285.

So it seems that this steadily increasing demand for
yearlings, based on the expectation or hope of their
great performances in the ensuing two or three years,
has had the result of stimulating prices and of making
the business of breeding more than ever profitable.
These yearling sales are comparatively of modern incep-
tion, really going back only to the sixties, as the time
when they assumed anything of prominence. It is in-
teresting to recall from the old records some of the prices
that were paid for other unknown yearlings that subse-
quently became horses of the highest fame. In 1868,
from the Woodburn Stud, Preakness was sold for $2,000,
Chillicothe for $1,725, Kingfisher for $490, Foster for
$585, Grecian Bend for $2,000, and Annette for $600.
The following year Monarchist was sold for $1,900,
Harry Bassett for $315, Salina for $450, and Wanderer
for $325. Acrobat, in 1872, brought $2,025, and Ruther-
ford, $1,300. Attila, who sold for $500, and Ballankeel,
for $750, were very nearly if not quite equal to Acro-
bat or Rutherford. Tom Ochiltree, as a yearling, brought
$500, and Katie Pease $520, the latter turning out to be
the best two-year old in the West. Mr. Pierre Lorillard
paid $780 for Parole, and his brother, Mr. G. L. Lorillard,
got the Duke of Magenta for $1,750.

Spendthrift, who ranked among the best horses of his
period, cost $1,000, and Monitor $1,600, while Ferida
cost only $325, a sum that she earned many times over.
Foxhall, who lowered the colors of the best English and
French horses, was sold as a yearling for $650, while
Luke Blackburn brought $510 and Glenmore $715. At
the sale of the Nursery Stud in 1891, twenty-four year-
lings brought $124,550, some of them running as high
as $30,000, while the foals, not yet separated from their
dams, commanded altogether more than $30,000. Con-

52

THE AMERICAN TURF

trast these prices with those that were paid for the get of
some of the older stallions. The last of Lexington's
yearlings, live in number, were sold in 1877, and aver-
aged $i,^7g against twelve of Leamington's at $1, 174. 16.
in 1S78, Virgil's yearlings brought an average of$i,2i 5.83
each and Leamington's yearlings the same year $1,1 17.91.
in 1 879, the last of Australian's get, four in number,
brought$i, 400 each. Instances might be multiplied almost
indefinitely showing the almost incredible differences
between the yearling cost of a good thoroughbred and his
ultimate profitableness as an investment, but it is not
necessary to enlarge further upon that point at this time.

There is another side to the case, however, that illus-
trates to a considerable degree the uncertainty of this
speculation. Buying a yearling is not exactly like
buying "a pig in a bag," but there are times when it
would seem to be almost as grave an uncertainty as that
proverbial porcine transaction. For instance there was
King Thomas, son of Maud Hampton, who brought a
big price as a yearling — $40,000, and never won a race.
Benjamin, who was scarcely heard of upon the turf, cost
his purchaser $4, 100. Banneret, for $2,530; Bay Bush,
for $2,025; Lava, for $625; King Pin, for $1,300, and
Mill Boy for $2,025, were almost flat failures. In the early
seventies there were New York, King Bolt and Austra-
lind, who were sold as yearlings for $3,000, $5,540 and
$3,200 respectively, and hardly earned enough to pay
the expenses of their training. When Mr. Pierre Loril-
lard secured Parole for $780 he paid $3,000 for Barricade,
but a comparison between the two horses on that
relative standard of value would be amusing in the light
of their future careers. Pawnee cost Mr. Pierre Lorillard
$5,500 and Sioux $2,500, neither one of whom won a
race in his colors. Uncas, a fairly good horse, cost him
$3,100. Against his fortunate purchase of Foxhall, Mr.
James R. Keene was obliged to place Bushman, at
$4,000, Gemsbock, at $2, 125, and Brother to Madge, at
$2,050, from neither one of whom was he able to make
a dollar.

Not the yearlings alone have commanded big figures.
So much have the great prizes of the turf enhanced the
value of all thoroughbreds that the prices which have
been paid for racers of established merit during this period
have been out of all comparison with the figures that
even the greatest blood horses commanded in times
past. This is another striking proof of the vastness
and profitableness of racing as a business institution, and
also shows to what a wonderful extent the sport is now
engaging the attention of sport loving men of wealth,
who allow no considerations of expense to stand in the
way of the gratification of their desires to possess good
stables, and to see their colors first by the post in
many a hard fought contest. When, fifty years ago,
$10,000 or $15,000 was considered a big price to pay for

even a famous horse, those figures pale in insignificance
when compared with the sums that have been paid for
latter day cracks. Through no fault of his own, Mr. Charies
Reed failed to secure the great English Derby winner,
Ormonde, although he made a special voyage to Buenos
Ayres for that purpose, and offered to pay $150,000, but
the same gentleman was glad to pay $100,000 for St.
Blaise at the sale of Mr. Belmont's Nursery Stud. At
the Belle Meade sale in 1890, Iroquois went for $34,000,
which was paid for him by General W. H. Jackson.

When Mr. Astor's Ferncliffe Stud was sold, Mr.
Wyndham Walden paid $30,000 for Galore, which was
then said to have been the largest price ever paid for a
thoroughbred stallion at a free auction sale in this
country, but this price became insignificant when com-
pared with the St. Blaise price a year later. It is to be
said, however, in favor of Galore, who was a son of the
English horse Galopin, that when he was sold he was
only an untried stallion. For Galore, Mr. Clark Max-
well paid $10,000 in England, and he cost Mr. Astor
$15,000, so that his sale for $30,000 represented a very
good profit indeed. Imported Mortemer was purchased
by Mr. Pierre Lorillard for the Rancocas Stud, in 1880,
for $25,000, but in course of time depreciated in value,
so that at the breaking up sale of Rancocas he
brought only $2,500. La Tosca brought at the end of
her last racing season, $15,000. Magnetizer, another
member of the Nursery Stud, brought $16,000, and im-
ported Toucques, at that time twenty-three years old,
fetched $10,500. Maud Hampton, dam of those two
good race horses. Ban Fox and King Fox, was sold to
Mr. Haggin for $10,000. In 1888, her yearling. Silver
King, by imported St. Blaise, brought $22,000. The
Honorable William L. Scott, at the breaking up sale of
the Dangu Stud, in France, in 1882, bought the great
French race horse, Rayon d'Or, for $30,000, a price that
had never before been paid for an imported stallion.

That racing, during the closing years of the nineteenth
century, has again become one of the popular forms of
sport in the United States, does not admit of doubt.
During the season from May to November, there is
racing almost every day, and sometimes the meetings on
various courses even overlap each other, so that the
sport is conducted simultaneously in many widely
separated parts of the country. In the aggregate,
thousands of patrons are attracted to the race meetings
and the amount of money involved in the raising of
thoroughbreds and in conducting the races has become
something enormous. The primary investment required
by these undertakings amounts to many millions of
dollars, and hence racing has become an institution, even
more than it is a sport, being now a vast and intricate
business in which thousands of men are regularly em-
ployed, A quarter of a century or so ago, if from fifty

53

THE AMERICAN TURF

to seventy-five race horses were in attendance upon a
meeting, tliat was considered quite enough to insure
success. Now, at any one of the leading courses, from
seven hundred to a thousand horses can find accommoda-
tion, while it is almost impossible to keep any account of
the aggregate number of thoroughbreds that are annually
in training in the United States. Their number runs up
into several thousands.

Owners of racing stables have multiplied accordingly,
and despite all that has been said about the attractive-
ness of racing solely as a sport, and regardless of its cost,
the purely commercial side of it is probably more
prominent and influential now than ever before, and is
likely to develop rather than to decrease. This is not to
say that the spirit of the old-time sportsmen has entirely
departed. There are still some notable turfmen who are
engaged in the sport purely for love of it, and even
though it may be gratifying to them to find the year's
balance on the right side of the ledger, that is really not
the prime consideration with them, it is, however,
undoubtedly true that by far the greater number of those
who engage, either in breeding or in racing, do so with
an eye wholly to the profits to be derived from it as a
business pursuit. Nor, at the present time, does this
seem to a condition of affairs that may be considered
reprehensible.

Before the Civil War, and even at least at one time sub-
sequent thereto, the management of turf affairs had
fallen so completely into unworthy hands that the race
course became a byword and reproach in the minds of
all honest minded men. It was then argued that the
predominance of the commercial spirit was altogether
responsible for this degradation. An entirely different
condition of affairs prevails now, for although the busi-
ness element in racing has come more conspicuously to
the front than ever before, it is generally agreed that
even this is influenced by a degree of sportsmanlike spirit
such as did not characterize the commercialism of the
turf in those earlier periods just referred to. Further-
more, the necessity, from purely commercial points of
view, of holding the turf to a high standard of integrity
and to maintain it with an irreproachable character, has
impressed itself quite as strongly upon those who aim
to make a living by it as it ever has upon those who are
engaged in it as a sport, rather than as a business. The
result seems to be that both classes can now be united
in support of racing as an institution which must be
beyond cavil, and command the approval of all classes
in the community, as it has in other periods of its
existence.

The closing decade of the century has witnessed very
many other and vital changes in turf affairs. Looking
back over the past, for a hundred years or more, we can-
not fail to be impressed with the fact that racing, up to

the end of the Civil War was, generally speaking, the
sport of gentlemen, high-minded sportsmen who con-
trolled the race meetings, enforced the rules, and gave
character and distinction to the sport. To be sure,
there were sporting men, not sportsmen, even in the
olden times, and the race courses were not entirely free
from their presence. Meetings took somewhat of the
character of the old country fairs, and the gambling
gentry brought thither their games of chance to ensnare
the greenhorns and line their own pockets. In the
South especially, the bar room and the cock fight were
often concomitants of the course, but, on the whole,
the gambling and other indulgences, more or less repre-
hensible, were confined to the race tracks and had not
extended to the general community, as it has in the
present day.

Nevertheless, the turf, notwithstanding the high
character of the gentlemen who have mostly been con-
cerned with it from the middle of the eighteenth century
down to the present time, has again and again in its
career, fallen under malign influences, that for the
moment overshadowed it darkly, and often seemed
likely almost to bring about its complete destruction.
Sometimes the threatening elements have been outside
the profession, while again the turf has been mostly
endangered by those within the fold. At one time it is
the spirit of intolerance and Puritanism that has directed
its attention to the overthrow of the turf on principles of
ultramorality. Again we find that self-seekers and
ambitious money makers have joined the ranks of turf-
men only to sow seeds of dissension, to introduce nefa-
rious practices, and to prostitute the race course to
selfish ends. Often the genuine sportsmen who have
bred and raced horses, purely through love of the
thoroughbred and delight in his performances, have been
forced, out of self-respect, to withdraw from all associa-
fion with the turf and leave it for the time being in less
worthy hands. Again it will be seen that these gentle-
men, the unselfish promoters of turf interests, have
joined hands in combating the encroachment of evils
that may have crept into turf administration, and by their
admirable conduct of affairs have endeavored to disarm
an adverse public opinion that is generally the outgrowth
of ignorance and intolerance. It is worthy of note,
moreover, that after passing through these periods of
trial and darkness, racing has risen again, stronger
than ever before and more entitled to public confidence
and patronage.

During the nineties the turf has been passing through
one of these trying experiences. The great prosperity
that attended the institution during the seventies and
eighties attracted to it an element that, in the end,
proved itself to be most undesirable. Practices in racing
and in management sprang up that were in the highest

54

THE AMERICAN TURF

degree dishononible, and that lent some color to asser-
tions that were freely made by critics of the turf that the
institution was one with which dishonesty was inevita-
bly allied. More than that, the spirit of gambling, that
had been growing stronger and stronger throughout the
country for a quarter of a century or more, found in the
race course an opportunity for exploiting its practices
that was readily availed of by the devotees of chance.
In olden times most of the betting was done between
individuals, who backed their favorites more or less
heavily, as their means permitted, and as they were
witnessing the performances. The modern scheme of
betting, and the pool-rooms through which individuals,
who, perhaps, never saw a horse race and never cared
to, and would scarcely know one if they should see it,
had abundant opportunity to indulge their pure love of
gambling, irrespective of any interest in the event upon
which they were placing their stakes, were as yet
unknown. It remained for the present generation to see
these features attached to the race course, and ultimately
to become a source of grave danger to the institution
upon which they thrived.

Attention being after a while drawn to this feature of
the racing business, promptly the overzealous public
proceeded to lay the blame, more or less, upon the insti-
tution, rather than upon the purely gambling fraternity,
that was utilizing the course to unworthy ends.
Agitation ensued all over the country, and the question
soon became one of serious political importance. Legis-
latures were called upon to deal with it, and State after
State passed laws which, however honestly intended
they may have been, resulted in untold loss to the busi-
ness of breeding and racing. It became almost impossi-
ble to conduct racing in a profitable way at any of the
great race courses, so unreasonably stringent was much
of the legislation that, although aimed at recognized
evils, completely failed in any rational solution of the
problem. New York, New Jersey, Connecticut, Penn-
sylvania, Illinois, and numerous other States joined in
the crusade against racing, with the mistaken idea that
the only way to drive out the objectionable gambling
feature, was to kill entirely one of the largest institutions
of the country and in its various allied branches, one of
the most valuable business pursuits that existed.

One of the results of this agitation and legislative
interference was precisely the contrary to what had
been anticipated by its most energetic advocates. Some
of the largest, best and most honorably conducted race
courses were crippled almost beyond recovery. In the
case of Monmouth Park, supported by the most gentle-
manly and most devoted turfmen that the country had
ever known, racing was entirely abandoned, the mem-
bers of the Monmouth Park Association being law-abid-
ing citizens, and unwilling to act, or appear to act.

in contravention of legal enactments, however unjust
those might be. To a lesser degree a similar result was
seen at other important racing centres. At the same
time those who had brought discredit upon the turf, and
by their practices had been mostly responsible for the
sudden turn of public opinion against racing, and the
severity of the legislative enactments of the period, only
sought a way to escape the operations of the law with-
out abandoning the sport. Some of the smaller and less
responsible courses continued to exist in actual violation
of the law, and thus brought the turf more and more
into disrepute.

The evil that was sought to be cured was soon found
to be more in evidence than ever before. The reputable
side of racing had been pretty elTectually swept away,
while the disreputable had, if anything, gained in
strength by reason of its absolute indifference to the
law and the consequences of its violation, and also
somewhat from the lessening of rivalry, resulting from
the practical withdrawing of many of the larger courses
from much of the activity that had heretofore character-
ized them. One of the peculiar results of this condition
of affairs was seen in the introduction of winter racing
at several of the racing centres of the North. This
naturally operated to the disadvantage of the courses in
the South that had generally held a monopoly of racing
during the winter months. The feeling that was thus
engendered prejudiced the Southern racing men more
and more against the North, as they saw the winter
racing in the latter section interfering with the success of
their traditional meetings. Accordingly the larger
courses of the -North suffered in turn from the natural
apathy, if not positive disfavor, of the Southern men.

So, while winter racing brought the institution more
and more into contempt with the reputable part of the
community, whether concerned with the affairs of the
turf or not, it created ill feeling even in its own family.
In some instances, the practice was found to be directly
destructive of the best interests of the turf in particular
localities. Both Washington and Baltimore had long
been struggling against an adverse public sentiment as
regards racing affairs of every description. In the seven-
ties and eighties, the spring and fall meetings in those
cities were second to none in brilliancy and in impor-
tance, and were admirably conducted. These localities
seemed, now, to suffer even more than other parts of the
country in the general turf depression, and the project
for winter racing there put an even more decisive
damper upon their prospects. In the early nineties the
opening of the St. Asaph Course, near Washington, en-
couraged those who hoped that the days of high-class
sport might be again returning to the Capital. The
experiment failed to meet expectations, however, and
after a few years St. Asaph passed out of existence.

55

THE AMERICAN TURF

Meantime the Alexander Island track, one of the outlaw
racing places, was successfully enjoined from doing busi-
ness, but other projects for winter racing were, tempor-
arily, more successful, with the result of adding to the
difficulties that were in the way of honest racing in that
part of the country.

In all matters pertaining to the legislation that has
been designed to restrict racing or to reform abuses that
crept into the management of race courses, as well as to
abolish the confessed evils of the pool rooms that fixed
themselves upon the turf as a convenient medium for
carrying on their questionable practices, the State of New
York has been foremost. This has been due to several
causes, principally the special predominance of the State
in the racing aff;iirs of the United States at the present
time. As we have before pointed out, the racing inter-
.ests of New York have assumed such position by reason
of the generous support given to the turf in the metropo-
lis, both by wealthy promoters, wealthy sportsmen and
the general public, so that, to a large extent. New York
has become far and away the leader of the American
turf in this generation. Naturally, therefore, the oppor-
tunity for gambling and other evil practices multiplied in
New York more rapidly than elsewhere, and earlier
called out the criticism and opposition of the public, as
well as the profound regret of all honest promoters of
the turf and lovers of the thoroughbred.

First to feel the effects of this condition of affairs, New
York has also been the first to attain to an apparently
successful solution of the difficult problem by which
racing shall continue in an honest and wholesome man-
ner and be practically free from the gambling and pool
room influences that so long succeeded in degrading it.
On all accounts then, turfmen are looking toward New
York and studying the situation in that State, first,
because the condition of affairs in the Empire State
directly and seriously affects them and, second, because
the same questions of legislative control of racing affairs
confront them in their own homes. Nowhere in the
United States was there greater need of reform than in
New York, and not elsewhere, as yet, has there been any
practical solution of the difficulties upon a basis satisfac-
tory to supporters of the turf and to the moralists who
decry everything that savors of freedom in rational
sport. The sweeping restriction of gambling of all
kinds that was placed in the State constitution of 1894,
and that was aimed largely at the race tracks, was not
essentially different from legislation that had been
attempted, and very often successfully, in other States,
and always to the detriment of racing.

For instance, the State of Illinois passed a law that
practically made illegal the operation of all race courses
where pools of any kind were sold. Under the opera-
tions of this law racing in that great State was abso-

lutely abandoned. The grounds of the Washington
Park Club, the Chicago Racing Association, the Chicago
Fair Grounds Association and of other clubs and associa-
tions throughout the State were closed. As was pointed
out by the advocates of more liberal treatment of the
race track, this legislation cost the horse owners and
breeders of the State many millions of dollars in prizes
that would have been distributed among them had the
tracks been able to keep open and continue the sport.
More than that, the entire business of raising horses,
whether for racing or for other purposes, suffered a de-
pression such as had never before been known in its
history. Connecticut also had an anti-pool law, passed
in 1894, that, ostensibly designed to suppress gambling
and particularly the disreputable pool rooms, only suc-
ceeded in closing all the honorable race courses in
the State. While the best horses sought more con-
genial surroundings, at the same time the pool rooms
continued to flourish and to do business without inter-
ference just as they had before.

The experience of New York in coming to a practical
solution of this problem has, therefore, more than mere
local interest. Not only is it a part of the history of the
contemporaneous turf, but it seems likely that it has
marked the turning point between the decadence of the
immediate past and the prosperity that is undoubtedly
in store in the immediate future. A large and an
important chapter as regards the entire turf of the United
States, is that which must detail the rise and fall of racing
in New York in this generation and the methods by
which it has once more been placed upon sound footing.
As soon as it was seen that the operation of the anti-
gambling section of the new constitution would work
the ultimate destruction of all racing in the State,
measures were promptly set on foot to secure special
legislation that should counteract this wrong and make
it possible for the sport to continue under such reason-
able restrictions as would commend themselves to every-
body. The Percy-Gray law that was passed by the
State Legislature in 1895, is now generally acknowledged
to be the best measure for the wholesome promotion of
racing interests that could have been devised. It was
advocated by Mr. August Belmont and other gentlemen
who have been associated with him in their devotion to
the turf, and who stand foremost in the social and com-
mercial world of the metropolis. The measure was
opposed outwardly by extreme moralists represented by
Anthony Comstock and others of his class, and insid-
iously by the pool room owners and gamblers, who saw
that under its provisions the opportunities that they had
previously enjoyed of carrying on their peculiar business
would be forever lost to them.

For the State Commission provided by the terms of
this enactment, Governor Levi P. Morton selected Messrs,

56

THE AMERICAN TURF

Auijust Belmont, Edwin 1). MorsfMn ;ind John Sanford.
Those gentlemen, men of wealth and social standing,
engaged in large business enterprises, and at the same
time occupied in a thoroughly practical way with the
racing and breeding of blood horses, were recognized
as peculiarly fit for the duties which devolved upon
the Commission. Mr. Belmont, representative of one
of the most distinguished racing families of modern
times; Mr. Sanford, one of the most prominent breed-
ers in the country and a former Member of Con-
gress, and Mr. Morgan, son of ex-Governor Edwin D.
Morgan, a leading banker of New York and a noted
yachtsman, were depended upon for such direction of
racing affairs in the State as would revive racing, elimi-
nate the law-breaking element that had previously been
connected with and thrived upon it and give an example
to the rest of the country of how it might be possible to
reinstate the grand old "sport of kings," in the honorable
position that it had enjoyed in times gone by.

Now that the law has had a three years' trial and has
substantially proved the wisdom of those who advo-
cated it, its results are well worth considering, since, as
we have said, the condition of affairs in New York
affects the turf throughout the country not less than in
this State, and also because it is more than possible
that the permanence of the turf as a national institu-
tion may ultimately depend upon some such legal
status as that which now upholds it in the Empire State.
In 1895, the limitations imposed upon the financial end
of the sport were painfully apparent. The previous
form of betting having been abolished, there was a
marked decrease in the attendance and a consequent
diminution of gate receipts. The hundreds and thou-
sands who had hitherto gone to the courses, less from a
desire to see the racing than with the passion to stake
their dollars on the result, now remained away, and the
associations suffered very much from this loss of support.
Stockholders in racing associations saw the profits that
they had hitherto enjoyed becoming more and more
fleeting.

While this was regarded at first as being a very
threatening situation, good came from it in the end.
Gentlemen, who loved the sport for itself, they who
were sportsmen and not gamblers, found it necessary to
come forward generously to maintain enterprises that
the public no longer supported, and they kept up the
value and number of stakes and purses, quite regardless
of any profitable financial end to the transaction. They
were determined that the turf should be re-established
and purified, cost what it might. It was thus that the
racing has become more and more as it was in its
palmiest days, with the very best element in control, the
honest sporting sentiment infusing new life into its
affairs, while the less honorable features of the sport have

been relegated to a position in the distant background.
Once more it is seen that the ' ' sport of kings " has become
the sport of gentlemen, while there is no place in its
council or in its affairs for those who have been accus-
tomed to regard it simply as a money-making enterprise,
sometimes honestly, but more frequently dishonest in
motives and in practices.

Each year since this State Racing Commission has had
control of racing affairs has shown a distinct advance-
ment over that which preceded it. This improvement
was particularly noticeable in 1897, the third year of the
commission's existence, thus conclusively demonstrating
the complete utility of the new law and vindicating the
opinions of those who were instrumental in securing its
enactment. As it exists now it reflects the best
European legalism upon the subject, and having stood
the supreme test of practice is now generally regarded
as presenting beyond all controversy a solid foundation
upon which legitimate racing may surely stand safe from
assault from without or from evil influence within. In
this light the way has been blazed for the future whole-
some and profitable existence of the turf in other sections
of the United States, in many of which the prospect is
still unpromising, hedged about as it is by adverse
conditions.

Under the operations of this law racing has been con-
ducted by the Westchester Racing Association, the
Coney Island jockey Club, the Brooklyn Jockey Club,
the Brighton Beach Association, the Saratoga Racing
Association and the Queen's County jockey Club. In
1897, the racing conducted upon the tracks of these
clubs and associations under license of the racing com-
mission was of a brilliant character and the meetings
were eminently successful. The whole number of days
raced by the six associations was one hundred and forty-
four. During the year prizes and stakes were given to
the amount of $916,080, which was $109,564 in advance
of that competed for in 1896 and $123,627 in excess of
that offered in 1895. The Saratoga Racing Association,
which, in 1896, closed its grounds, reopened in the
ensuing year and had a successful meeting. Additional
stake features were opened, and one of the assuring tests
of the returning prosperity of the turf was found in the
largely increased number of nominations made to these
stakes. Not only was the number of horses engaged the
largest since 1894, but the list represented a decided
addition to the number of different interests represented.
There was also a gratifying increase in the amount of
the State tax levied upon the gross receipts of the
several racing associations. This increase in the tax
showed that there was an increased revenue to the
racing associations arising from a larger patronage from
horsemen and spectators. Thus the associations have
been enabled to offer greater prizes for contests and

57

THE AMERICAN TURF

not only make the horse more profitable in the market,
but also to encourage liberal and intelligent expenditure
on breeding farms. On the whole, therefore, the show-
ing made by the Commission was exceedingly gratifying,
indicating, as it did, such a decided revival of interest in
turf affairs and a substantial advancement over previous
years towards that degree of prosperity that all sports-
men earnestly hope for and that is essential to the very
existence of the turf as a great national institution.

The extent to which racing has developed in these
later days of the century is clearly seen by a contem-
plation among other things of the number of racing
meetings that are annually held. All sections of the
country are represented by race courses from San
Francisco to New York, and on many of the tracks there
are two or even three meetings every season. During
the year of 1897, to bring the matter close down to date,
nearly threescore important racing courses were opened,
while there was racing on numerous other less im-
portant tracks. New York naturally stands at the head
of the list as regards the importance of its meetings and
the high standing of the several race courses in the
vicinity of the metropolis.

Earlier in the year the racing stables began at New
Orleans, Bennings, Little Rock and Newport, Ky.
Immediately thereafter came the meetings at Memphis,
Tenn. ; Forsyth, Ind., and Aqueduct, Long Island, fol-
lowed by Lexington, Nashville, Louisville, St. Louis,
Latonia, Oakley, O. ; Detroit, Mich., as well as the New
York courses before mentioned. Meantime, and to a con-
siderable degree independent of the turf of the East, San
Francisco patronized the Ingleside Course, managed by
the Pacific Coast Jockey Club, and the Oakland Course,
managed by the California Jockey Club. This list
might be considerably added to without ending
the enumeration of the racing centres where good
sport, honorably conducted, could be seen during the
year which we have taken as a sample to show the
activity in turf affairs prevailing during this period.
Other years immediately preceding, exhibited a similar
state of affairs and at this writing he would not be a
reckless prophet who should predict that the American
turf is entering upon a new career, which in brilliancy
and in all other qualities that go to make up honorable
success, shall surpass even the noblest records of the
past.

58

FAMOUS RACING EVENTS

Great Four-Mile Heats of Olden Time — North Against the South in the Eclipse-Henry,

Boston-Fashion and Other Famous Matches — Notable Races

OF Later Date, Records and Winners

/^"TXNE of the eiirliest as well as greatest racing
1^1 events in the annals of the American turf
Vl / ^'"^ ^'^^ contest between American Eclipse
'^'^-^ and Sir Henry, in 1823, upon the Union Course
on Long Island. At this time and, indeed, for long
after, rivalry in racing was largely sectional. One
division of the country matched its champions against
those of another, and the loyalty of the supporters of
each was unswerving. The turf then was too limited an
affair for the multiplied races that are now customary,
even at the meetings that are held at the smaller tracks.
A match then would be arranged months in advance
and be eagerly discussed in all parts of the country
where horses were objects of interest and affection, and
the result, whether victory or defeat, would carry joy or
dejection through the whole communities. In the
famous contest between American Eclipse and Henry,
the former represented the North and the latter the
South. Henry was a son of Sir Archy and out of a
mare by the great Diomed. He was owned by Colonel
William R. Johnson, of Petersburg, Va. American
Eclipse was regarded by horsemen everywhere as the
foremost representative of Northern horses, and as such
excited an invincible determination on the part of the
Southern turfmen to humble his pride with one of their
own thoroughbreds.

In 1822, Mr. Cornelius W. Van Ranst, the owner of
Eclipse, upon challenge of Mr. James J. Harrison, of
Brunswick, Va., took his horse to the Washington
Course in Charleston, S. C, to run a match against im-
ported Sir Charles for $5,000 a side. Upon November 20,
the day fixed for the race, Sir Charles, having met with
an accident, his owner forfeited the race. Subsequently
another match of a single four-mile race for $1,500 a side
was arranged, and when that event came off Eclipse
won with consummate ease, his opponent breaking
down in the last mile. This defeat put the Southern
turfmen on their mettle, and Colonel Johnson made a
proposition to produce a horse which, at the opening
of the next season, should run a race in four-mile heats
against Eclipse over the Long Island Union Course for
$20,000 a side, $3,000 forfeit. This challenge was
promptly accepted by Mr. John C. Stevens, of New
York, in behalf of himself and of several other Northern
gentlemen. All winter long the match was the object

of the greatest interest and discussion throughout the
country, and a constant stimulus to sectional pride and
prejudice. By the time that the 27th of May, the day on
which conclusions were to be tried, had arrived, the
affair had assumed the transcendent importance of a na-
tional matter. All New York journeyed to the Union
Course, while every other section of the country con-
tributed its quota to the mass of excited spectators who
numbered, it is said, no less than sixty thousand people.
The representatives of the South had brought with them
five selected horses, from which they finally chose Henry
to carry their hopes and fortunes. As an aged horse,
being nine years old at the time. Eclipse carried 126
pounds, while Henry bore 108.

The excitement that attended the race from start to
finish was fully equal to all that had been anticipated
concerning it. Crofts rode Eclipse in the first heat
and was defeated by the Southern horse by half a
length. In the second heat, Purdy, a jockey of wide
experience, who was thoroughly familiar with Eclipse,
had the mount, and brought the chestnut in a winner.
In the third heat Purdy again had the saddle, while
Arthur Taylor, a trainer and rider of established
reputation and of great success, rode Henry. From the
start Purdy took the lead with Eclipse maintaining it
throughout, beating Henry so thoroughly that in the
last half mile he was unable even to rally for a good
finish. The time of the first heat was 7 minutes, 37^^
seconds; the second heat was won in 7 minutes, 49 sec-
onds, and the third in 8 minutes, 24 seconds; the aggre-
gate time being 2^ minutes, 50^^ seconds— an average
of about I mile in i minute, 59 seconds. It was esti-
mated that fully $200,000, an enormous amount for those
times, changed hands on that day. The entire country
was on the alert for news of the event, and special mail
packets and couriers were despatched from New York as
soon as the race was ended, to acquaint the expectant
ones with the result. The judges of this famous race
were General Ridgely, of Baltimore; Captain Cox, of
Washington, and John Allen, of Philadelphia.

The echoes of that great equine struggle have scarcely
died out, even in the present day. For years after the
event discussion of the relative merits of the two horses
was carried on in all parts of the country with the
vehemence and persistency that would characterize any

59

THE AMERICAN TURF

great political controversy. The supporters of the
Northern horse were firm in the belief that if Purdy
had ridden in the first heat Eclipse would easily
have won in two straight heats. On the other hand,
there was a feeling of great dissatisfaction among the
Southern representatives over the defeat of their cham-
pion. They eagerly sought for another match between
the two horses for any stakes ranging from $20,000 to
$50,000, but the propositions were politely declined by
the Northerners.

It was felt by many of the supporters of Henry that
the absence of Colonel Johnson, who was unable to at-
tend the great battle which he himself had planned, con-
tributed to the defeat of his horse. One of the time-
honored anecdotes of the old turf relates that the good
Colonel had, on the preceding evening, been so unfor-
tunate as to attend a social gathering where, among
other viands, there was a liberal supply of lobster and
champagne. In consequence he was physically pros-
trated when he should have been at the track directing
the policy to be pursued in regard to his champion, and
thus gave an additional advantage to his opponents.
The celebrated John Randolph, of Roanoke, himself a
breeder of thoroughbreds and a sportsman of no small
fame, was present at the contest, and, as a comment on
the result and its possible cause, uttered the celebrated
dictum, "It was not Eclipse that beat Henry, it was
the lobsters."

In 1825, came another great match, which stirred the
turf world in the United States to the utmost pitch of
excitement — ^that between Ariel and Flirtilla. The
triumphs of Ariel, who was a daughter of American
Eclipse, and who was then regarded as the greatest
champion on the turf, had aroused the interest of the
Southern sportsmen to the keenest point. Sectional re-
gret over the defeat of the great Henry had not yet been
obliterated in the section represented by that favorite
and the Southerners desired to get on a match between
Ariel and their own champion, General William Wynn's
five-year old bay mare, Flirtilla, by Sir Archy out of
Robin Redbreast. A peculiar interest attached to this
proposition from the foct that the Southern mare was a
half sister of the defeated Henry, and thus the same
strains of blood would be brought together, as in the
great event between Eclipse and Henry two years before.
Mr. Henry Lynch, the owner of Ariel, offered to run his
mare four-mile heats against any horse to be named, for
$1,000 on each turn or quarter pole, four turns to the
mile, and $10,000 on the main race. When this chal-
lenge was not accepted he offered to run Ariel four-mile
heats against any horse, mare or gelding that might be
named, for $20,000. This proposition was accepted
by Mr. Wyche, of North Carolina, who named Flirtilla,
and who also, with two outside bets, increased his back-

ing of the Southern mare to $30,000. Subsequently the
distance was changed from four to three-mile heats.
The match was arranged for October 31, 1825, on the
Long Island Union Course, and aroused an enthusiasm
and sectional rivalry which was not surpassed by that
which had been displayed in the previous contest be-
tween Eclipse and Henry.

The attendance upon the Union Course upon the day
of the race was almost equal in numbers to that which
characterized the earlier meeting between the great
champions of the North and the South. Betting was
heavy and some individuals had from $7,000 to $15,000
at stake. Ariel had been trained by Samuel Laird, and,
in place of Black Harry, who had ridden her previously,
Madison Laird had the mount. Flirtilla, who was five
years old, had been trained under the personal supervi-
sion of Colonel William R. Johnson, who had full com-
mand on the day of the race. She was ridden by Bob
Wooden. Ariel was not in the best condition and ex-
perts in horseflesh had doubts about her being able to
defeat her opponent. Flirtilla, on the' contrary, was fit
to run for a man's life. In the first heat Ariel led off,
with Flirtilla close behind, and the first mile was run in
the slow time of 2 minutes, 12 seconds. At that point
the bay mare took the lead and kept it until about the
close of the third mile, when the gray filly again cVial-
lenged her and passed to the head, keeping up a rapid
pace to the end of the race, coming in three or four
lengths ahead. The last two miles were run in 5 min-
utes, 47 seconds, and the heat in 5 minutes, 39 seconds.
In the second heat Flirtilla challenged at the start, passed
ahead, and kept up a telling pace. Ariel followed, but
kept steadily dropping farther and farther behind. These
relative positions were maintained until within a few
rods of the winning post, when suddenly Flirtilla be-
came sulky and came almost to a full stop, allowing
Ariel so nearly to overtake her that she won the heat
only six inches ahead of Ariel, in 5 minutes, 54^^ sec-
onds. The third heat was a procession for Flirtilla from
start to finish, the filly being dead beat in the second
round and full one hundred yards in the rear at the
finish, the heat being run in 5 minutes, 54 seconds. The
outcome of the race afforded intense satisfaction to the
Southern sportsmen, who felt that the honor of their
section was retrieved and that they were thus in a mea-
sure compensated for the defeat of Henry.

Another great contest in which Ariel figured, was in
the race for the Jockey Club Purse, upon the course at
Poughkeepsie, N. Y., in June, 1829, when she defeated
Betsey Ransom. Since the contest between Eclipse and
Henry, in 1823, no race at the North had excited more
interest than this later event. Both horses were in good
condition. When they started on the first of the four-
mile heats, Betsey Ransom went off in the lead at a

60

THE AMERICAN TURF

moderate pace, but after half of the heat had been com-
pleted, struck a killing pace and won the heat in 7
minutes, ^2 seconds, the last two miles being
covered in 3 minutes, 52 seconds. In the second
heat, Betsey Ransom again took the lead and kept
it until the fourth mile was entered upon, when Ariel
came close up and from that time on entered upon a
desperate and determined struggle for supremacy. In
the last quarter Ariel was about half a length ahead, but
came under the wire a winner by only half a neck in
8 minutes, i second. The third and last heat was
a repetition of the one which had preceded it, Betsey
Ransom leading off, with Ariel following for something
more than three miles, and then taking and keeping the
lead by two or three lengths to the winning post. The
time of the third heat is not recorded.

Nearly a decade after Eclipse met and vanquished
Henry, and carried the colors of the North above
those of the South, Black Maria ran her most memora-
ble race over the Union Course. The event was for the
Jockey Club Purse of $600, four-mile heats, and was set
down for October 13, 1832. Four horses started, Mr.
John C. Stevens' Black Maria, by Eclipse out of Lady
Lightfoot, six years old; Dr. E. A. D'Arcy's chestnut
mare Lady Relief, by Eclipse out of Maria Slamerkin;
Mr. John C. Craig's chestnut filly Trifle, by Sir Charles,
dam by Cicero, four years old; and Messrs. Bela Badger
and John C.Tillotsen's brown filly Slim, by Flying Childers
out of Molley Longlegs by Harwood, four years old.
Upon the day of the event, Trifle was the favorite among
the betters as well as among the spectators, and small
odds were offered on her against the field. Bets were
freely offered that Black Maria would not take a single
heat. Everybody seemed to have the idea that the
Southern mare would, as a matter of course, win,
because the prejudice in favor of racers foaled south of
Mason and Dixon's line was still a very potent quantity
among horsemen of that period. Trifle was a perfect
appearing race horse of a bright chestnut, not over four-
teen hands and a half high, of just proportions, undoubted
bottom and considerable power. Lady Relief and Slim
were unknown quantities, but there were good reports
concerning their abilities.

When the first heat opened the four horses went off
well together, with Relief at the head. Slim second.
Trifle third and Black Maria last. At first it was a wait-
ing race, but at the beginning of the third mile Black
Maria was in the lead, followed close by Trifle, with the
other two far in the rear. During the fourth mile Trifle
headed Black Maria, but in the last quarter the latter
came up, shot by like an arrow and won the heat with
ease. The time of the heat was 8 minutes, 6 seconds.
Black Maria still had few genuine supporters, notwith-
standing her success in this heat, and Trifle continued the

favorite, with the others pretty well out of the running
in public estimation. The most confidence was expressed
in Lady Relief, who seemed to be in fairly good con-
dition. The second heat was run severely from start to
finish, Lady Relief taking the lead, with Trifle and Black
Maria bringing up the rear. At the end of the first mile
the positions were changed, with Black Maria leading
Trifle, while Slim, at the end of the third mile, gave up
and quietly walked off of the course. The two leaders
kept at each other's throatlatch down the last stretch
and passed the judges' stand together, making a dead
heat in 7 minutes, 55 seconds.

The third heat, to the surprise of everybody, belonged
to Lady Relief, after the third mile. She kept the track in
spite of her opponents until on the last quarter stretch,
when Trifle shot by and won in 8 minutes, 1 3 seconds.
The three horses began the fourth heat full of spirit, with
Lady Relief at the head, followed by. Trifle and then Black
Maria. At the end of three miles and a half Black Maria
closed up on the heels of the daughter of Eclipse, but
was unable to pass her, and Lady Relief won the heat by
a neck in 8 minutes, 39 seconds. So it was a twenty
mile race after all, and in the fifth heat they started with
Lady Relief ahead and Trifle and Black Maria in order
as before. Entering upon the fourth mile Black Maria
pushed up with a stride that counted terribly upon Lady
Relief, led around the turn and thundered up by the
judges' stand, hard in hand, untouched by whip or spur,
winning the heat in 8 minutes, 47 seconds, and carrying
off the purse. This race was the more phenomenal
from the fact that the track was heavy and yet twenty
miles were run. It was a terrible strain upon the horses,
however. For months Black Maria was in a bad con-
dition and did not come out again until the following
May. Trifle was crippled and laid up for a year. Lady
Relief died within a few weeks from the effects of a cold
and of exhaustion. Particular interest attached to Black
Maria and her career, inasmuch as her pedigree combined
the blood of American Eclipse, with that of his antago-
nist. Sir Henry.

Another race of importance on the Union Course was
the North against the South, a post-match, four-mile
heats for $5,000 a side, half forfeit, May 31, 1836, the
North to name at the post any horse raised north 01
Maryland, and the South, in like manner, any horse
raised south of the Potomac. Colonel William R. John-
son, of Virginia, named Colonel John Crowell's chestnut
horse, John Bascombe, by Bertrand, dam Pacolet, five
years old. Mr. Robert Tillotson, of New York, named
the chestnut horse, Post Boy, by Sir Henry out of Gar-
land, by Duroc, five years old. Bascombe took the track
the first heat, and was never headed. He had the foot of
Post Boy and the only fear was his endurance. Post Boy
collared him as they passed the gate on the third mile,

61

THE AMERICAN TURF

which was run in i minute, ^4 seconds, but Bascombe
kept the lead, and finally won the heat, with something
to spare, in hand, in 7 minutes, 49 seconds, Post Boy
pulling up within the distance pole; rather a fast heat
over a heavy course. The second heat was a repetition
of the first, except that after the first mile, in 2 minutes.
Post Boy went up to Bascombe and lead him by a throat-
latch, the pace mending at once. The horses ran locked
throughout the second and third miles, and so continued
until half round the fourth mile, when Post Boy drew
out a head and neck, and so maintained his lead to the
dangerous north corner, when they came round the last
turn, at a slashing rate, a dead lock. The jockey on
Bascombe gave him a push that sent the phenomenon
from Alabama past the winning-post a clear length ahead,
amid enthusiastic cheers, that made the welkin ring for
miles. The time was 7 minutes, 5i/4 seconds, and
would have been better by four or five seconds had the
course been in perfect order. Ineffectual attempts were
made for another match race between John Bascombe
and Post Boy, but Colonel Crowell would not allow his
horse to run.

The next important event in this era was the great race
won by Colonel Emery's Lady Clifden, of Maryland, at
the Union Course, considered at the time, under all cir-
cumstances, the best race ever run in America, by great
odds. In the following order these horses appeared at
the post, November 3, 1837: Mr. J. C. Stevens' Fanny
Wyatt, four years old, by Sir Charles, dam by Sir Hal;
Colonel Wynn's Picton, three years old, by imported
Luzborough, dam by Sir Archy; Colonel Selden's Lady
Clifden, four years old, by Sussex, dam by Ratray; Gen-
eral Irvine's Mingo, six years old, by Eclipse, dam by
Rattler. Mingo and Fanny Wyatt were about equal
favorites and then Lady Clifden.

In the first heat Picton led throughout, closely pushed
at times by Mingo, the best son of the Northern
champion running second at the end of the third mile,
about a length behind, until Fanny, at the north turn,
passed him, and made severe play with the footy colt.
* Finding the colt was not to be headed Fanny pulled up
and Mingo passed, coming in second with Fanny third.
After two and a half miles of the heat. Lady Clifden fell
back, resigning her chance and at the finish just dropped
within the distance stand. Picton won the heat in 7
minutes, 44 seconds. In the second heat Picton led as
before, closely pushed by Mingo, until during the third
mile Mingo's age and bottom told, and he obtained the
lead. Lady Clifden passed him on the turn, after a severe
struggle and headed the field. Fanny passed Picton and
Mingo and went up to the Lady, the latter leading a
length in the clear, and winning the heat in 7 minutes,
43J^ seconds. In the third heat they got off well to-
gether. Lady Clifden leading, Mingo second, a beaten

horse, and Picton third. Fanny, after passing the dis-
tance stand, gradually crept up, and at the winning post
saddle-lapped her conqueror. Lady Clifden won this
heat in 7 minutes, 56^^ seconds.

Colonel William R. Johnson had the management of
the winner throughout the race and never was his judg-
ment, experience and tact so signally displayed. At
that time he had in the same stable the renowned
Atalanta and Boston. From this time forward, meeting
after meeting, there was one constant, continued succes-
sion of good, nay, great horses, on the turf, from Long
Island to New Orleans. These were combats of the
giants, all the rest child's play. Mingo was a magnifi-
cent horse, quite equal to Bascombe and Post Boy; one
that never had half a fair chance, a good winner and a
good performer. Clarion, also of the North, by Mon-
mouth Eclipse, dam by Oscar, was as beautiful and gal-
lant a horse as man need look upon.

Another famous race on the Union Course was that
between Boston and Fashion on May 10, 1842. This
was also a sectional contest between horses of the South
and the North, for $20,000 a side, and was marked by
all the dramatic enthusiasm that characterized other
meetings of its kind. Boston, the Southern representa-
tive upon this occasion, has a further interest for the
modern lover of thoroughbreds as the sire of the immor-
tal Lexington, and consequently ancestor of many of the
crack performers of later times. The race was in four-
mile heats and the contest drew another enormous
crowd, estimated at seventy thousand people. The
grand stand was crowded with a large array of those
distinguished in political, social and sporting life, and
for more than a quarter of a mile, on both sides of the
course, spectators were packed in solid phalanxes. In-
tense interest prevailed as the heats were run. The race
was described by Mr. W. T. Porter, the celebrated turf
writer, " as most thrilling and exciting and as throwing
in the shade the most celebrated of those wonderful
achievements which have conferred so much distinction
upon the high-mettled racer of America." Although the
course was deemed not quite so well adapted for speed
as on some other occasions, Boston's trainer, Arthur
Taylor, thought he required more seasoning to make a
bruising race. On the other hand, Fashion was brought
to the post in condition to run for a man's life. She was
admirably trained and faultlessly managed in the race.

At the start, in the first heat, Boston went off with the
lead at a rattling pace. Fashion was two lengths behind
to the end of the mile, run in 1 minute, 53 seconds, but
soon after made play and the pace improved. Boston
led throughout the second mile, run in i minute, 50^
seconds, the two miles in 3 minutes, 4^/2 seconds, and
again through the third mile, run in i minute, 54 seconds,
the three miles in 5 minutes, 37^ seconds. Early in the

I

62

THE AMERICAN TURF

fourth mile, under whip and spur, Fashion passed Bos-
ton at a flight of speed rarely equaled. The cheers sent
from the throats of thousands might be heard for miles.
But Boston gave her no respite. He lapped her down
the back stretch for three hundred yards. Here Gilpat-
rick took a strong and bracing pull on him, and when he
again let him out unfortunately pulled him inside so near
the fence that the horse struck his hip against a post
hard enough to jar him very much and was observed to
falter. He soon recovered, and though, at this moment.
Fashion led him nearly three lengths, he gradually closed
the gap around the turn to within a few feet and nearly
caught her at the distance stands. One shouted " Bos-
ton's on you," but, under the whip. Fashion responded
and came in about a length ahead, apparently something
in hand to spare, closing the heat in 7 minutes, 32,/^ sec-
onds, the fastest, by all odds, ever run in America. The
Boston party had expected to win in 7 minutes, 34 sec-
conds, if put up to that. Had they offered to beat the
time of Eclipse and Henry, 3 to i would have been laid
against it. For the first two miles Boston, in the opinion
of many shrewd judges, had the foot of the mare, and it
was thought, had he trailed her, the result of the first
heat might have been different.

For the second heat, the horses, having recovered in a
few minutes, came to the post again comparatively fresh,
Fashion led off with a moderate stroke. Boston occa-
sionally lapped her during the two first miles, and during
the third mile succeeded in taking the track. The scene
which ensued was indescribable. Such cheering, such
betting, and so many long f;ices were never seen or heard
of before. This took the life out of Boston. Instead of
pulling him steadily and refreshing him with a slight
respite, Gilpatrick kept him at his work after he took the
track and ran the third mile in i minute, 5ij4 seconds.
The pace was tremendous. Fashion rallied and, as Bos-
ton had not another run left in him, she passed him op-
posite the quarter-mile post and the thing was out. She
now gradually dropped him and, without another effort
on his part to retrieve the fortunes of the day, she came
home a gallant and easy winner in 7 minutes, 43 seconds.
Boston pulled up inside of the distance stand. It was
afterward ascertained that his feet were sore from a
recent and too long deferred sweat that Colonel John-
son considered necessary on his arrival at the course
only a few days before the race. Although Mr. Taylor,
the trainer, was of the same opinion as to its necessity,
he would not assume the responsibility of it, as Colonel
Johnson had been daily expected for more than a week.
This circumstance is supposed to have decided the
result. This match race prepared Boston for the race
three days thereafter, when, in three heats of four miles,
he beat Mariner, 8 minutes, 13 seconds, 7 minutes, 46
seconds and 7 minutes, 58 seconds. One historian of

the day, commenting upon the affair, said "though
beaten, it is conceded on all h.ands that Boston has
acquired a more vast renown by this wonderful race
than by his thirty-tlve previous victories combined. He
is worth more since than he was before the match."
In the sporting world the result of the contest was sen-
tentiously put in this way, " All that can be said is that
Boston has beaten himself and Fashion has beaten
Boston."

A strong rivalry sprang up between Kentucky and
Tennessee early in the history of the American turf.
Matches between horses representing their respective
States were of frequent occurrence and stirred the en-
thusiasm and patriotism of the people to an extreme
point. The most famous contest of this character was,
perhaps, the great race between Wagner and Grey Eagle
at Louisville, Ky., in the autumn of 1839. Wagner,
who was then a five-year old, carried the honor of Ten-
nessee and Grey Eagle, a four-year old, stood for Ken-
tucky. The race took place on September 30, the
nominations having closed on the first of January pre-
ceding the event, so that the impending contest had
been the subject of discussion for fully nine months.
The stake, which was for all ages, four-mile heats,
closed with ten subscribers at $2,000 each, half forfeit.
Only four of the nominations started, Wagner, Grey
Eagle, Queen Mary and Hawk Eye.

Upon the day of the race the most brilliant assembly
that had ever been seen upon such an occasion gathered
on the course at Louisville. Ladies and gentlemen, not
only from Kentucky and Tennessee, but even from more
distant parts of the North and South, were present in
large numbers, and by their attendance added to the
brilliancy of the affair. A chronicler of the period says,
" the number of ladies in attendance was estimated at
eight hundred, while nearly two thousand horsemen
were assembled on the field. The stands, the fences,
the trees, the tops of carriages and every eminence over-
looking the course were crowded ; probably not less than
ten thousand persons composed the assembly, compris-
ing not only several distinguished Senators, and nearly
the entire Kentucky delegation in Congress, with their
families, but all the elite of the beauty and fashion of the
State." Henry Clay and John Jay Crittenden, the two
United States Senators from Kentucky, were there with
ex-Senator Porter, of Louisiana, and with them Gover-
nor Poindexter, General Atkinson, Major Stewart, Gen-
eral Hardin, Judges Rowan and Woolly and other dis-
tinguished citizens, principally of the South, with repre-
sentatives from Ohio and other Northern and Western
States.

From the day the stake closed betting had gone on
spiritedly with Wagner always the favorite. From New
York to New Orleans, for many months, odds were

63

THE AMERICAN TURF

freely offered on Wagner against the tleld, but the State
loyalty of the Kentuckians never wavered for a single
moment. They backed Grey Eagle magnificently for
the first heat and even for the race, and it is said that
not a Kentuckian on the ground put a dollar on Wag-
ner, even after their favorite had lost the first heat. The
race was another of those old-time four-mile heat con-
tests, and the first two heats were won and the event
settled by Wagner, who came in a neck ahead. The
time of the heats was 7 minutes, 48 seconds, and 7
minutes, 44 seconds. The finish, which was one of the
most sensational in the history of the American turf,
was thus described by the late Mr. William T. Porter,
the brilliant turf writer of that period:

"From the Oakland House home it was a terrible
race. By the most extraordinary exertions Wagner got
up neck and neck with the gallant grey as they swung
round the turn into the quarter stretch. The feelings of
the assembled thousands were wrought up to a pitch
absolutely painful. Silence the most profound reigned
over that vast assembly as these noble animals sped on
as if life and death called forth their utmost energies.
Both jockeys had their whip hands at work, and at
every stroke each spur, with a desperate stab, was
buried to the rowel head. Grey Eagle for the first
hundred yards was clearly gaining, but in another
instant Wagner was even with him. Both were out
and doing their best. It was anybody's race yet; now
Wagner, now Grey Eagle has the advantage. ' It will
be a dead heat!' 'See, Grey Eagle's got him!' 'No,
Wagner's ahead!' A moment ensues— the people shout
— hearts throb — ladies faint — a thrill of emotion — and the
race is over. Wagner wins by a neck in 7 minutes, 44
seconds, the best race ever run south of the Potomac;
while Kentucky's gallant champion demonstrates his
claim to that proud title by a performance which
throws into the shade the most brilliant ever made in
his native State."

Discussion over the relative merits of the two horses
was intensified rather than quieted by this performance.
Everybody agreed that Wagner was better managed
and better ridden than Grey Eagle, and the friends
of the latter horse based their dissatisfaction with the
result upon the firm belief that their favorite's defeat
was alone attributable to the bad riding of his jockey.
One turf authority of the period wrote: " What might
have been the result of the race we cannot pretend to
say, but we assert with perfect confidence, our belief
that with Gilpatrick on his back, Grey Eagle would
have won the second heat. . . . The two horses
were so nearly matched that good generalship and good
riding did the business." It was not in the nature of
things that the matter should be allowed to rest where
it was. The Southern blood was up, and under the cir-

cumstances a second race between the great champions
became inevitable. Backers of both horses set on foot
measures to have another test at the same meeting. The
match was really forced by the admirers of Grey Eagle,
but unprejudiced outsiders looked upon the affair with
grave doubts, for it was generally considered that neither
horse was in a physical condition that warranted sub-
jecting him to another severe strain upon his prowess so
shortly after the other.

On October 5, the Saturday following the Monday on
which the first race had taken place, the second one was
run upon the same course for the Jockey Club purse of
$1,500, conditions as before, four-mile heats. In addi-
tion to Wagner and Grey Eagle, Captain Willa Viley's
four-year old brown filly, Emily Johnson, own sister to
Singleton, by Bertrand out of Black-Eyed Susan by
Tiger, was entered. Cato, who had piloted Wagner to
his previous victory, again had the mount, and Stephen
Welch, despite his failing with Grey Eagle five days
before, again rode that horse, as no substitute could be
found for him. The antepost betting was all in Wag-
ner's favor, at 2 and 3 to i, even the friends of Grey
Eagle regretfully conceding that another severe race
within a week might be too much for him. When it
was announced that a second four-mile contest between
these two champions was on the card, an immense
crowd of spectators gathered to witness the affair, for
the entire country, for fifty or seventy-five miles about
Louisville, turned out almost as one man, while many
visitors came from Cincinnati and other distant points.
As before, on the day of the race, the ladies constituted
a considerable proportion of the spectators.

When the word was given Wagner went off in the
lead with Emily second and Grey Eagle last, but at the
first half mile post the three were lapped. Then Grey
Eagle drew out a little, but up the stretch Wagner came
again in front. Grey Eagle, however, soon leading again
and coming to the stand by half a length, being about
two lengths ahead at the end of the fourth mile. In
spite of a brilliant rally by his opponent, he increased
the distance and when, after Wagner had declined,
Emily Johnson challenged him, he was still kept to
the head. He could not now be overtaken and came
home a gallant winner by nearly a length, Emily Johnson
taking the second place and Wagner being third. The
first mile was run in 2 minutes, 5 seconds, the second in
I minute, 55 seconds, the third in i minute, 56 seconds,
and the fourth in i minute, 55 seconds, making the time
for the heat 7 minutes, 51 seconds.

Supporters of Grey Eagle now felt as much elated as
they had heretofore been depressed. Kentucky was
still a unit in support of its champion and the odds
changed from 2 and 5 to 1 in favor of Wagner, until
Grey Eagle had the call at 4 to }, many large sums of

64

THE AMERICAN TURF

money being staked. In the second heat the pace at the
start was little better than a hand gallop for the first half
mile, with Wagner in the lead. The Kentucky horse
soon locked his rival from Louisiana, and they made the
first mile neck and neck in 2 minutes, 8 seconds.
Immediately after passing the stand Grey Eagle went to
the front, but at the end of the second mile, which was
run in i minute, 52 seconds, the champions were again
neck and neck. At the end of the third mile, in i min-
ute, 5S seconds, Wagner had his head and neck in front
and for the last mile there was one of the fiercest struggles
that had ever been seen upon the Southern turf, at the
end of which Wagner came through a winner by a neck,
having run the last mile in i minute, 48 seconds, and the
heat in 7 minutes, 43 seconds. It was said "that for
an untried four-year old Grey Eagle's performance was
without a parallel in the annals of the American turf,"
and although defeated, he had covered himself with
glory. In the final spurt for the finish, Emily Johnson
was quite lost sight of and did not even save her distance.
The third heat was a catastrophe, as the beautiful grey
horse broke down soon after passing the half mile post
in the second mile, Wagner winning the heat; but no
time was kept.

Perhaps few events connected with the turf about the
middle of the century attracted more attention, or were
productive of more animated discussion among horsemen
and other frequenters of the race course than the struggle
for supremacy between those two great half brothers,
Lexington and Lecomte, and the wonderful performances
of the latter in reducing the record that then stood for
four-mile heats. The first great race between these
splendid thoroughbreds came off in April, 1854, for the
great State Post Stakes, on the Metairie Course, in New
Orleans, four- mile heat for all ages. The subscription
to the stake was $5,000, representatives of the States of
Louisiana, Alabama, Kentucky and Mississippi being the
subscribers. The Kentucky horsemen named Lexington,
Lecomte represented the State of Mississippi, while
Alabama was represented by Highlander and Louisiana
by Arrow. Interest in the event was at fever heat and
many of the most distinguished gentlemen of the period,
among them ex-President Millard Filmore, occupied
seats in the judges' and the grand stand. It was thought
by the shrewdest turfites of the time that the breeding
of the swift-footed Lecomte promised better results than
that of his white-legged and white-nosed half brother.
In this expectation, however, they were grievously
mistaken, for the son of Alice Carneal won in two
straight heats, distancing Highlander and Arrow and
leaving Lecomte not a very good second, the time being
8 minutes, 8}i seconds, and 8 minutes, 4 seconds.

Of course the supporters of Lecomte were not at all
satisfied with this result and were still willing to pin faith

upon their horse. Accordingly a week later, on the
eighth day of the month, the two rivals again came
together on the same course for the Jockey Club Purse
of $2,000, the chestnut gelding Reube, by imported
Trustee out of Minstrel by Medoc, also contending for
the honors. This was really the first great contest
between the two future champions and the event called
out a great attendance upon the race course, more than
ten thousand people being present. The ladies made
a goodly show on the stands reserved for them, and
were not at all averse to betting upon their favorite
Lexington. The race was intensely exciting. As one of
the newspaper reports put it, "since the great race of
Fashion, on Long Island, in 1842, and George Martin's
7 minutes, 33 seconds, and 7 minutes, 43 seconds, in
New Orleans, in 1843, there had been nothing like it;
and in all its incidents from the start to the victory, it
will always be remembered as pre-eminently the greatest
four-mile race on record." Betting was extremely heavy,
Lexington being the favorite, first at even money against
the field, and afterward 100 to 80 against the field, and
100 to 60 against Lecomte.

The result of the race was a great surprise, nobody
having calculated upon or anticipated the great victory
that Lecomte was able to achieve. Reube cut no figure
in the running, although in the first heat he made by
far the best time he had ever made in his life; but he
was wholly outclassed, barely escaping being distanced
in the first heat, while in the second he was not even
able to escape being caught behind the red flag.
Lecomte led off in the first heat and kept his position
throughout the four miles, although Lexington several
times made a brush and partly closed the gap. At no
time, however, was he able to outfoot his rival, and
Lecomte won by six lengths, in much the quickest time
ever made in the world, 7 minutes, 26 seconds. Betting
now changed with Lecomte the fiivorite, 100 to 40
against the field. Lexington led the way from the score
for nearly two miles in the second he^t, maintaining a
distance of about two lengths. Upon entering the
third mile, Lecomte overhauled and passed him, and
throughout this mile there was a constant struggle
between the two, with Lecomte slightly in the lead.
Holding this lead throughout the next mile he came
home a winner by four lengths, in 7 minutes, ^8^
seconds, and was proudly hailed " as the best race horse
ever produced on the turf." The respective miles of
each heat were run in i minute, 53 seconds, i min-
ute, 54 seconds, i minute, 49)^ seconds, and i min-
ute, 49>^ seconds for the first heat, and 2 minutes,
2 seconds, i minute, 58 seconds, i minute, 46 seconds,
and I minute, 52^ seconds for the second heat.

Now the dissatisfaction rested on the shoulders of the
backers of Lexington, and another test of the respective

65

THE AMERICAN TURF

merits of the two horses was proposed. Upon the
refusal of the owners of Lecomte to make a third match,
Mr. Richard Ten Broecl<, Lexington's owner, determined
to settle the question in another way, by running his
stallion over the Metairie Course against time. He
claimed that when he was defeated by Lecomte, the
stallion was not in good condition and was badly ridden,
and was confident that he would be successful in another
triaL He issued a challenge for Lexington to run a
single four miles against the fastest time at that distance
on record in America for the sum of $20,000, or to run
him against any named horse, a race of four-mile heats.
As an alternative proposition, he offered to run Lexing-
ton over the Union Course, on Long Island, in October
of the same year, on a wager of $25,000 against $20,000.
After a long controversy between Mr. Ten Broeck and
Colonel T. J. Wells, who was then the owner of
Lecomte, two distinguished Virginia horsemen, Colonel
Calvin Green and Captain John Belcher, accepted the
challenge to run Lexington against time.

The trial came off April 2, 1855, in the presence of an
immense concourse of people. The track was in excellent
order, the horses in fine condition and the weather con-
ditions perfect, the day being one of the loveliest of the
season. The judges for this historic occasion were
General Stephen M. Westmore, who represented the
Virginia turfmen, who were backing time, Mr. Arnold
Harris to represent Mr. Ten Broeck and Mr. John G.
Cocks, president of the Metairie Jockey Club. The
timers were the Honorable Duncan F. Kenner, Captain
William J. Minor and Mr. Stephen D. Elliott. The betting
was heavy and Lexington was a strong favorite at 100
to 75 against time and a few takers at that figure. The
celebrated Gilpatrick had the mount, and started in at a
hot pace, making the first mile in i minute, 47X seconds.
The second mile was made in i minute, 52^ seconds,
the third mile in i minute, 51^2 seconds and the
fourth mile in i minute, 48^ seconds, the entire four
miles in 7 minutes, 19^ seconds, carrying 103 pounds.
This knocked off 6}( seconds from the great feat of
Lecomte in the earlier race, and it remained the world
record for a single four-mile brush until twenty years
later when it was lowered by Ten Broeck and Fellow-
craft. And yet, great as was the triumph of Lexington,
many who witnessed the race were confident that had it
been necessary, he could have finished the four miles in
at least 10 seconds less time.

Again, in April, 1855, the giants met in a third fierce
struggle. By this time the entire country had become
excited over the rivaly between the two, and there was
a general consensus of opinion that the respective merits
of the horses must be again put to the test. The owners
and backers of Lexington were confident of his prowess,
while those who spoke for Lecomte declared that his 7

minutes, 26 seconds was better than Lexington's 7 min-
utes, 19%^ seconds, from the fact that the latter had all the
advantage of running alone and choosing the close side
of the track and having a long start, so that he received
the word " go " at full speed. Arrangements were made
for the running of the two horses on April 24, over the
Metairie Course, for a Jockey Club purse of $1,000, with
an inside stake of $2,500 each. Lexington was the
general favorite of the public, and stood in the betting at
100 to 80. Gilpatrick bestrode Lexington and the negro
jockey of General Wells was in the saddle of Lecomte.
When the signal to start the first heat was given, the
two horses went up the quarter stretch neck by neck.
Lexington, slowly drawing ahead, flew by the stand at
the end of the first mile, three-quarters of a length in the
lead, in i minute, 49^2 seconds. About the middle ot
the second mile, the son of Reel made a desperate effort
and laid himself alongside his rival, nose by nose, but
was able to hold this advantage only a few seconds, for
Lexington drew himself a clear length in the lead at the
close of the second mile, which was run in i minute, 51
seconds. Throughout the third mile Lexington was not
headed at all, and covered the distance in i minute, 51
seconds, and made the last mile in i minute, 52^
seconds, going with a spirit as if he had just begun to
run, while Lecomte, only by a desperate rally, escaped
by a few lengths the humiliation of being distanced.
The time of the heat was 7 minutes, 2^}i seconds, un-
precedented as being the fastest heat that was ever made
in a match. When the time arrived for starting the
second heat the owner of Lecomte withdrew his horse
while the purse and the laurels were awarded to the
Kentucky champion.

The last great match between the North and South
was run May 13, 1845, four-mile heats, for $10,000 a
side, between Mr. Kirkland's Peytona, a five-year old by
imported Glencoe, dam by imported Leviathan, repre-
senting the South, and Mr. W. H. Gibbons' Fashion,
eight years old, standing for the North. The course
was extremely hard under a thick layer of dust, after a
long drouth, and was not as well adapted for speed as
on some former occasions. In the first heat Peytona
outfooted Fashion from the stand and kept the lead
throughout by about two lengths, winning well in hand
in 7 minutes, 39^ seconds. In the second heat Peytona
again trailed Fashion and won cleverly by half a length
in 7 minutes, 45 X seconds. The winner, who was
bred in Alabama, was in all respects an extraordinary
mare, fully 16 hands, 3 inches in height, with a stride
that was said to cover 27 feet. No better pedigree than
hers for eight generations back to Tasker's Selima then
existed. Her sire, Glencoe, her dam by imported
Leviathan, her grandam by Sir Archy, and their ances-
tors back to imported Othello, Selima and Godolphin

66

THE AMERICAN TURF

Arabian constituted tiic very aristocracy of equine
blood.

Among otiier notable turf events of the decade or
more just preceding the Civil War, the exploits of
Charleston, Sue Washington, Dallas, Kate Hunter, Don
Juan, Marksman, Birdcatcher and others merit some-
thing more than mere passing attention. Of first rank
among these, perhaps, may be named the achievement
of Charleston on the Chattahooche Course at Columbus,
Ga., in March, 18^7. The race was a colt stakes for
three-year olds. Three horses came to the post, Char-
leston by imported Sovereign; Don Juan by imported
Glencoe, dam Darkness by Wagner, and Birdcatcher by
Oliver, a son of Wagner, dam by American Eclipse. The
first heat was won by Charleston lapped the entire mile
by Don Juan, the time being i minute, 46 seconds.
In the second heat the three horses closed into a cluster
about the termination of the first quarter, after a bad
start on the part of Charleston, and ran to the head of
the stretch, when Charleston increased the rate of going,
which ended in a dead heat between Charleston and
Don Juan, with Birdcatcher a good third, time i minute,
46 seconds. In the third heat Don Juan got off well
ahead, with Birdcatcher second and Charleston in the
rear, in which order they came home, Don Juan winning
the heat in 1 minute, 48>4 seconds. In the fourth heat
Don Juan led off, with Birdcatcher and Charleston
following, but Charleston moved up and took the lead
some six hundred yards from home, winning the heat
and race with apparent ease, time i minute, 47)^ seconds.
This was said then to have been the best race ever
run at mile heats by three-year olds in the United States.

Charleston belonged to the stable of Messrs. Puryear
& Watson, Colonel David McDaniel owned Don Juan
and Mr. H. E. Barton owned Birdcatcher. Adding
the time of the successive heats together, it will be seen
that they make an aggregate of only 7 minutes, 8
seconds for four miles, which is 1 1 ^ seconds less than
the wonderful time made by Lexington in his great
exploit on the Metairie Course in New Orleans in 1855.
But four days later at this same meeting Charleston was
beaten by Sue Washington and Frankfort for the Post
Stakes, four-mile heats, winning only the first heat in 7
minutes and 39 seconds. Another record breakingfeat of
the early period of the American turf were Charleston's
fourth heat in i minute, 46 seconds over the Washing-
ton Course, Charleston, S. C, the first three heats
having been run respectively in i minute, 49^ seconds;
1 minute, 47^^ seconds and i minute, 30 seconds.
Charleston beat Nicholas I. and Ada Tevis over the
same course, 2-mile heats, in 3 minutes, 4^ji seconds;
3 minutes, }()% seconds and 3 minutes, 44 seconds.
Again on the same course he beat a Darkness colt
in 3 minutes, 40j4 seconds and 3 minutes, 43 seconds.

Another great four-mile race, which, in many respects,
was one of the most exciting ever run in the South, was
over the Chattahooche Course, at Columbus, Ga., in
April, 1857. The entries were Messrs. Campbell and
Barton's Lizzie McDonald, formerly Sue Washington,
Mr. Thomas Puryear's Charleston, and Colonel David
McDaniel's Frankfort. Before the hour of starting,
Charleston was a favorite over Lizzie McDonald, it beins:
reported that the latter had made a bad trial run. The
betting was about even between Charleston and the field,
the latter, however, being slightly the favorite. In the
first heat Lizzie McDonald had the track, with Charles-
ton second, and Frankfort outside. At the close of the
first mile Charleston took the track, and from that time
led on the line, coming home the winner in 7 minutes
and 39 seconds, Frankfort just dropping in to save his
distance. As the track was in a very heavy state from the
rain of the previous day, this was regarded as one of
the best heats ever run in America. In the second
heat Charleston had the track and kept it throughout
until on the home stretch Frankfort dashed in ahead in
lightning speed, leading Charleston by a head, who was
a neck before Lizzie McDonald. The time was 7 min-
utes, 40 seconds. Lizzie McDonald won the third heat in
8 minutes, the last two miles being run in 3 minutes, 47
seconds. Charleston was drawn before the fourth heat
was entered upon, and Lizzie McDonald easily took the
heat in 8 minutes and i<y}4 seconds, thus winning the
race. It is not a pleasant fact to recall that Frankfort ran
himself to death on this occasion, expiring on the even-
ing of the race. Charleston also sulTered considerably
from his efforts, but it is said of Lizzie McDonald that
"next day she appeared as fine as silk and as playful as
a kitten."

Three cracks of their day, Charleston, Nicholas
I. and Engineer, were entered to meet in a fierce
struggle on the Fashion Course on Long Island,
September 29, 1857. The event had been looked for-
ward to with deep interest by turfmen and the public
generally. The great reputation of the three horses, '
and the renown of their sires, encouraged expectation of
a notable trial of endurance and speed. Previous to the
day of the race, Nicholas I. had the fiivor in the betting,
at 1,000 to 900, against both his rivals, and 1,000 to 600
against Charleston, while $500 even was offered between
Charleston and Engineer. The stake was for $5,000. An
immense crowd of spectators witnessed the event A
report of the time says that "every conceivable charac-
ter of vehicle, from a railway car to a coal cart, was put
in requisition to take anxious people to the course, and
at half-past two, the time named for the race, the black
masses that lined the stands and strewed the field, gave
evidence of a larger number of spectators than had ever
before been seen upon that ground. Crowds of ladies

67

THE AMERICAN TURF

graced the scene and displayed a bank of beauty and of
fashion that would have honored any occasion."

An unfortunate accident befell the gallant Charleston
the day before the race, when he was in prime condition.
A stirrup iron struck the tendons of his ankle, so as to
cause him to go lame. This made it necessary to draw
him from the race, and only Nicholas 1. and Engineer
started. Nicholas I. was by Glencoe out of Fanny
Rhodes by Wagner, and was four years old at the time
of this event. His defeat of Sue Washington and Toler
over the Fashion Course in the previous June, in 7 min-
utes, 40 seconds, and 7 minutes, 43 seconds, had given
him a prestige which had been added to by his defeat of
Sue Washington and Philips over the same course in
the same month in 7 minutes, 39 seconds, and 7 min-
utes, 44>3 seconds. He was owned at one time by Mr.
Richard Ten Broeck, afterward by Mr. William H.
Gibbons, and then by Mr. John R. Hunter. He twice
beat the best time of Sir Henry and American Eclipse,
and at four years old was regarded as one of the most
promising horses that the country had up to that time
produced.

Engineer was a five-year old, by Revenue out of
Andrewetta, the dam of Bostona and others. He was
bred by the Honorable John M. Botts, of Virginia.
Andrewetta was sired by the celebrated Andrew out of
an Oscar mare of high reputation. She ran several races,
and at Raleigh, N. C, in a stake for four-mile heats,
distanced the field in 7 minutes, 46 seconds. Engineer,
when he appeared against Nicholas 1., was the hero of
two good races, the first being two-mile heats on the
Fashion Course in 3 minutes, 42)^ seconds, 3 min-
utes, 43^^ seconds, and 3 minutes, 45>^ seconds, and
the second being two three-mile heats in 5 minutes, 42^5^
seconds each. Charleston was by imported Sovereign
out of Milwood by imported Monarch out of Fanny, by
Eclipse. Both his sire and grandsire were imported by
Colonel Wade Hampton, of South Carolina. His dam
was bred by Colonel Hampton, and his grandam
was run by Colonel Johnson and Colonel Hampton for
several campaigns. As a two-year old, Charleston won
the South Carolina stakes at the Washington Course in
February, 1836, and, in December of the same year,
was second to Sue Washington at Columbus, Ga., beat-
ing Nicholas I., Dallas and Shocco. After winning the
Hutchinson Stakes over the Washington Course in
Charleston, four-mile heats, in 1857, he also at the same
meeting beat Nicholas 1., Ada Tevis, and Doswell's
Revenue filly, winning the last two heats in 3 minutes,
39/4 seconds, and 3 minutes, 45 seconds. He also had
other notable achievements to his record.

With Charleston withdrawn, this race over the Fash-
ion Course between Nicholas I. and Engineer was a
foregone conclusion. The famous jockey, Gilpatrick,

rode Nicholas I., and allowed Engineer to lead the way
in the first heat, running his horse easy some three
lengths behind. Toward the end of the third mile he
closed up on Engineer and, passing him on the home
stretch, led by the stand into the fourth mile a length
ahead. From this time on he trailed his rival until down
the home stretch Engineer closed up toward his flank.
Nicholas I., however, gradually increased his distance,
putting on more speed and passed the stand five or six
lengths in advance, winning the heat in 7 minutes, 4^
seconds. In the second heat Engineer took the lead as
in the first and ran freely with several lengths in hand,
being five lengths ahead at the end of the first mile, and
two lengths ahead at the end of the second mile. When
near the half mile pole on the third mile, Nicholas I. took
the lead easily and passed into the fourth mile six
lengths ahead, winning the heat in 7 minutes, 47^^
seconds.

The crowd which attended the fall meeting on the
Fashion Course, in 1858, was said to have been the
largest that had ever patronized ^ny racing meeting in the
North since that which gathered on the old Union Course
to witness the memorable match between Fashion and
Peytona. On this later occasion when Nicholas 1., Tar
River and Sue Washington fought for supremacy, there
was an assemblage of some twelve thousand people, very
many of whom were ladies. The meeting was especially
memorable from the fact that a heat was run, which, in
the estimation of many experts, when the difference in
favor of the old Union Course and the newer Fashion
Course as to fastness was considered, was superior to
the great exploit of the famous chestnut mare Fashion
years previously. In this great four-mile contest only
Nicholas I., Tar River and Lizzie McDonald started,
although there were eight nominations. In the betting
Nicholas 1. stood even with Lizzie McDonald and 100 to
80 against the field, but Tar River also had his backers,
and considerable sums were placed on him at 40 to 100
against the field. Gilpatrick rode Tar River, and led off
in the first heat with Nicholas 1. a length behind and Sue
Washington trailing. The race continued in this fashion
to the end, Tar River making the running and Nicholas I.
and Sue Washington coming up close behind. Tar
River won handily in 7 minutes, 50^4^ seconds, with
Nicholas I. second and the mare third.

In the second heat Nicholas I. took the lead with Tar
River thundering upon his haunch and forcing him close
throughout the first two miles, with the mare only a
length or two behind. The son of Glencoe passed into
the third mile flying, with a lead only of a length, and
into the fourth mile the same obstinate struggle of the
two leaders continued. The mare gave out just as they
passed the stand into the fourth mile, but Nicholas came
in the winner of the heat by two lengths, with Tar River

68

THE AMERICAN TURF

second and Sue Washington distanced, in tiie last time of
7 minutes, ^s seconds. Tiie third heat belonged to
Nicholas 1. from start to tinish, although seveial times
Tar River gallantly came up close and contended for the
lead. Nicholas I. finished two or three lengths ahead, in
7 minutes and so seconds. This race was considered the
best that had ever taken place over the Fashion Course,
and as game a contest as had ever been seen anywhere.
Nicholas I., by his achievement, fully established his rep-
utation as one of the foremost race horses in the country
at that time.

It was at the May meeting of i86i, on the Woodlawn
Course at Louisville, that Molly Jackson ran her memor-
able three-mile race.- This meeting was altogether one
of the few brilliant events of that epoch, and the four-
year old chestnut filly was the star of the occasion.
She started in on the opening day by winning the four-
mile race for the Challenge Cup in 7 minutes, ^43^ sec-
onds, in such easy style that it was clear she could have
come home some seconds faster if she had been called
upon to do it. Another great feat of this meeting was
the performance of Idlewild, who ran the second
heat of a mile heat race in i minute, 44}^ seconds, the
best time at that distance that had ever been seen in
Kentucky. Molly Jackson was by Vandal, out of a
dam by Margrave. On this occasion she was pitted
against three descendants of the great Boston, Mr. J. S.
Hunter's four-year old colt, Sherrod by Lecomte out of
Picayune; Mr. John M. Clay's four-year old colt, Colton
by Lexington, out of Topaz by Glencoe, and Mr. H. B.
Foley's four-year old filly, Bettie Ward by Lexington,
out of a dam by Whalebone.

In the betting prior to the race Molly Jackson was
the favorite with Colton picked for second place. Three
heats were run, the first of which was won easily by
the favorite by two lengths, with Colton second, the
time being 5 minutes, 35>3 seconds, the third mile of
the heat being run in i minute, 45^2 seconds. The
second heat was run in 5 minutes, 34^ seconds, being
won by Sherrod, who led the Vandal filly at the finish
by half a length. Molly Jackson retrieved herself in the
third heat, which she won in the phenomenal time of 5
minutes, 28^ seconds, with Sherrod second, Bettie
Ward third and Colton fourth. The ninth mile of this
great race was run in i minute, 48^ seconds, the pre-
ceding two miles of the heat being run respectively in i
minute, 50^ seconds, and i minute, 49^ seconds.
Only once had this time been beaten in a three-mile
heat, and that was by Brown Dick, who ran in 5
minutes, 28 seconds, having the advantage of carry-
ing weight as a three-year old. The mile record in
this race was only 1 1 ^ seconds more than the
present record time for a mile dash, and the time of
the third heat is only J^ of a second more than the

best record time for a three-mile heat made by Norfolk
in 1865.

The racing season of 1872 was made particularly
memorable by contests between several of the greatest
horses of the modern American turf. Particularly the
rivalry between Harry Bassett, Longfellow and Mon-
archist, stirred up the racing public to the highest pitch
of excitement. The interest in such events of recent
years as the Suburban, Futurity and Brooklyn Handicap
may, perhaps, give an idea of that which was felt in
those early events a quarter ot a century ago, to which
we are here referring. No races of less importance, how-
ever, have in later years attracted any such general atten-
tion on the part of either turfmen or the general public.
Harry Bassett, who had then scarcely passed his prime,
was considered by many to be the greatest runner of his
generation, and he held a high position as a popular
favorite among those who knew little more about racing
than the names and stories of the winners. Longfellow
was still a popular and professional favorite, and Mon-
archist was looming up as a coming champion, destined
to perpetuate the memory and carry the colors of his
great sire, Lexington, for many years to come. The
partisans of the Leamington blood, represented by Long-
fellow, and the believers in the virtue of the Lexington
stock, represented by Harry Bassett and Monarchist,
were especially stirred up by the rivalry between these
three great champions, whose merits were everywhere
discussed with a fervor that sometimes was dangerously
near to acrimony.

The meeting between Longfellow and Bassett in the
race for the Monmouth Cup on the second day of the
Long Branch meeting, July 2, 1872, was the first of these
noted events of that season. It was the first time that
Longfellow had met Harry Bassett, and great concern
was felt in the affair all over the country. The event
was thoroughly well advertised and attracted to Long
Branch hundreds of visitors who rarely, if ever before,
had seen a race track. When Longfellow was brought
from Louisville to Long Branch he had the dignity of a
special car which bore on a great placard the announce-
ment, " Longfellow going to Long Branch to meet his
friend, Harry Bassett." All along the route of his jour-
ney he received the attention that is generally accorded
to a dignitary on his travels, and few people who read
the newspapers were allowed to remain in ignorance of
the forthcoming event.

Not less than thirty thousand people were present
upon the day set apart for the Monmouth Cup race, and
in this vast concourse speculation was pretty evenly di-
vided regarding the relative merits of the two champions.
If anything, however, Longfellow was the favorite.
This arose somewhat from the effect of the recent
brilliant victories of his near kinsman and companion.

69

THE AMERICAN TURF

Lyttleton, and the odds that were originally strongly in
favor of Harry Bassett, declined somewhat as the day
and hour of the race approached. Still, it was the
opinion of the great majority of those who had sup-
ported him that it was impossible for him to lose. He
came to Long Branch fresh from two victories, in one of
which he distanced Metella, his sole opponent, running
the last mile of a second two-mile heat in i minute, 46
seconds. In a sense this particular cup race partook
somewhat of the old-time interstate feature that charac-
terized so many of the early American races, Harry
Bassett being the property of Colonel David McDaniel,
of Virginia, while Longfellow, owned by Mr. John
Harper, carried the colors of Kentucky. Longfellow had
never been beaten in a true-run race when he was in
condition, his great race with Helmbold at Saratoga
being lost because he was entirely unfit. Harry Bassett
also had the highest reputation as one of the truest,
steadiest and most trustworthy runners ever stripped on
the course.

When the horses came out the appearance of both ex-
cited admiration and renewed the fondest expectations
of the partisans who were backing them. Longfellow,
large in stature and length, was in the pink of condition
and fit to run for a man's life. It was remarked that few
horses are ever brought to the post in better shape than
he appeared on that day. On the other hand, Harry
Bassett, to all outward appearances, bore no unfavorable
comparison with his rival. He looked well, but, as the
event proved, was not after all in quite the condition
that he should have been in order to insure success.
When the signal was given for the start Harry Bassett
had a little the best of it and made the running. Long-
fellow came close behind him with a beautiful sweep-
ing stroke that enabled him to cover the ground with
ease and to hold his own. Soon the slight difference
between them was closed and, although at the begin-
ning of the first turn Harry Bassett led by a length, they
were neck and neck at the end of the first mile, which
was run in i minute, 44 seconds. From this point on it
was Longfellow's race, he gradually increasing the dis-
tance, first by a neck and then inch by inch until, at the
mile and a half, which was run in 2 minutes, 37^ sec-
onds, he was a good length and a half ahead. Then
Harry Bassett's faint heart showed itself With his rival
leading him he sulked and quit, while Longfellow won
in a canter in 4 minutes, 34 seconds, having fully sixty
yards to the good. The result was a severe blow to
those who had pinned their faith upon the son of Lex-
ington and Canary Bird, but it showed conclusively that,
however much speed and endurance Harry Bassett might
have, and however much courage he might display
when he was leading the field or making the pace, he
lost spirit when he was headed and could not be

depended upon to snatch victory from impending
defeat.

Only two weeks later Longfellow and Harry Bassett
met again, this time at Saratoga, in the race for the Sara-
toga Cup. The event is of historic interest as being the
final appearance of Longfellow upon the turf. The out-
come of the race for the Monmouth Cup had stimulated
interest in this second meeting of the champions and the
attendance was one of the largest that had ever graced
the Saratoga Course. When the trumpet sounded for
the great performance of the day Harry Bassett first ap-
peared and made a splendid impression, being appar-
ently in perfect condition and in far superior fettle than
he had been at Long Branch. The dark brown and
mighty son of Leamington was likewise in good condi-
tion, and his long, sweeping stride, as he went along
the stretch in a preliminary gallop, impressed all who
saw him with a full sense of his prowess. The chestnut
horse. Defender, was also run, but with no expectation
that he would be in at the finish. The odds were heavy
on Longfellow and just before the flag fell ran up as
high as 1,000 to 250.

All three horses got away at the first effort, Harry
Bassett and Longfellow leading off together with De-
fender behind, the latter horse resolutely maintaining his
place throughout the race, but gradually letting in more
light between himself and the leaders as the course was
covered. When the grand stand was passed at the end
of one mile, which was run in i minute, 45>^ seconds,
Harry Bassett was leading, and in another quarter had
increased his lead to a length. From that point on it was
a struggle of equine giants. First one, and then the other
was a nose, a neck, a length ahead, and at the end of
two miles, which was run in about 3 minutes, 30 sec-
onds, Longfellow again had Harry Bassett headed. At
this point the son of Leamington changed his feet and
in a second faltered in his stride, allowing his rival to
pass him and to win the race easily in 3 minutes, 59 sec-
onds. When the horses came off the course it was
apparent that Longfellow was broken down; in fact, he
finished the race on three feet, giving away on the near
side forward. The sole of his foot was cut by a broken
plate and the tendons were injured so that he could
scarcely stand. Although suffering and partly crippled,
he was game to the end and ran to the finish with an
extraordinary display of force and endurance, being
finally beaten only by one short length. He never re-
covered from this injury and the race course never saw
him again.

Harry Bassett now reigned supreme on the turf in the
estimation of many individuals, but it remained for his
half-brother Monarchist to lower his colors a few months
later in the same season. It was at Jerome Park in
October in the race for the Maturity Stakes, three miles,

I

70

THE AMERICAN TURF

that these two champions first met. Aithou2;h Monarch-
ist had achieved notable triumphs in his three-year old
form, having ah'eady won the Mansion House Stal<es at
Monmouth Park and the Louisiana and Grand Inaugural
Post Stakes at New Orleans earlier in the season, there
were few who believed him able to come to the front on
this occasion. Harry Bassett was a strong favorite; in
fact, so far as the betting was concerned Monarchist
scarcely had any place at all, the odds being lo to i
against him.

At the start Harry Bassett got away in front, but Mon-
archist quickly closed up and stuck to his rival firmly, so
that the first half mile was run almost head by head.
Then Harry Bassett drew away by a length, but Mon-
archist declined to allow him to hold this advantage,
contesting inch by inch and finally pushing his head in
front at the furlong pole in the last mile, won out by
fully three lengths. Again the lack of courage in Harry
Basset was manifest, for he quit when he found that the
race was no longer his. Monarchist was, to be sure, in
first rate condition, but it was generally believed that
Bassett could not have failed winning had he possessed
the courage of his competitor. The time of the race was
5 minutes, }4% seconds, which was slow. But the
track was heavy and the turning of the course did not
contribute to high speed. An interesting comparison
has been made between the time of this race and the
time of other three mile races about the same period.
Norfolk ran three miles in California in 5 minutes, 27
seconds, carrying 100 pounds, while Monarchist carried
108 pounds; Idlewild, in her famous four-mile race, ran
the last three miles in 5 minutes, 27X seconds, carrying
1 17 pounds; Mollie Jackson, in her third and winning
heat at Woodlawn as a four-year old, with loi pounds,
made a record of 5 minutes, 28^ seconds; and at Sara-
toga, Fleetwing ran three miles in 5 minutes, 31^
seconds.

A week after the race for the Maturity Stakes Mon-
archist and Bassett met again at Jerome Park in a purse
for all ages, four miles. Three sons of Lexington joined
in the fierce rivalry of this occasion— Harry Bassett, Mon-
archist and King Henry. The interest that might have
attached to a contest between horses representing differ-
ent sires was here absent, but the standing of the two
champions and their notable performances heretofore,
especially Monarchist's recent Maturity victory, was
sufficient to guarantee a profound public attention to
any event in which they were engaged. Monarchist
again demonstrated his superiority by winning this race
in 7 minutes, 33>2 seconds, with Bassett second and
King Henry a poor third.

Few races in contemporaneous times have excited more
general interest than the famous match between Ten
Broeck and Mollie McCarthy under the auspices of the

Louisville Jockey Club, July 4, 1878. Ten Broeck had
long been regarded as standing at the head of the Ameri-
can turf, and his name upon the card of any event was
sure to awaken the greatest enthusiasm. Mollie Mc-
Carthy was the champion, of California, and upon
the Pacific slope was regarded as quite invincible.
The relative merits of the two horses had been under
discussion more or less for a long time, and turfmen
generally looked forward with eagerness to a test race
between them. The California people were particu-
larly urgent in regard to the matter, for they believed, or
affected to believe, that their favorite mare could easily
lower the colors of the great son of Phaeton. A match
was accordingly arranged and the mare was brought on
from California.

Upon the day of the match, which was the third day
of the extra July meeting of the Louisville Jockey Club,
there was an enormous crowd in attendance, estimated
to be between twenty-five and thirty thousand people,
by far the largest that had ever been upon these grounds.
Visitors from all over the country were present, and es-
pecially many from the Pacific coast. Kentucky was
faithful to its belief in Ten Broeck and backed him
heavily, his superb condition strengthening the hopes of
those who had placed their faith and their money upon
him. Mollie McCarthy did not make as favorable an
impression, although she was very handsome in appear-
ance, thoroughly blood-like and with unmistakable signs
of quality. The race, as arranged, was for four-mile
heats. On the first heat the two horses got away at an
even start, the mare inside, and ran evenly to the quar-
ter in 28 seconds. By the time they had passed the
half-mile pole the mare was a little ahead and in this
position they raced to the stand in i minute, 49^ sec-
onds. To all appearances, at this point, the race
belonged to California, for Mollie McCarthy was running
beautifully and easily without effort, while Ten Broeck
was making heavy work of it.

Throughout the second mile, which was run in i
minutes 45^ seconds, the relative position of the two
contestants remained practically unchanged, and it was
not until they had passed the two-mile and a half post
that Ten Broeck drew ahead and led by an open length.
At the completion of the third mile he had the lead by
fully twenty yards in 5 minutes, 53 seconds. For the
next half mile, although the mare was beaten, she
struggled gamely on, continuing the proverbial stern
chase that is always a long one. Losing ground at
every stride, her courage failed her and she gave up
the contest. Ten Broeck was able to gallop home
leisurely with the mare distanced, the time of the heat
being 8 minutes, 19^ seconds. The time was very
slow, for the track was in a bad condition, sticky and
stiff with mud from a rain the previous night. Both

71

THE AMERICAN TURF

horses felt the effect of the hard pace at which they were
run, Mollie McCarthy being in a complete state of collapse
and Ten Broeck plainly showing the effect of his severe
work.

Probably when the world-renowned Lexington
achieved his record-breaking feat of four miles in 7
minutes, 19^ seconds in 185s, few who were fiimiliar
with the turf and knew the possibilities for great accom-
plishments that lay in the American thoroughbred
imagined that the record would stand unchallenged for
nearly a generation. There were other great four-milers
in those days, and the number was constantly added to
of those whose speed and endurance gave promise
able to rival the best of those who
them. Nevertheless, nineteen years
Lexington's record was lowered, al-
many times challenged in regular

being

of their
had preceded
elapsed before
though it was

races, if not in specially arranged matches. Only
after the Civil War had passed and the modern
American turf was entering upon one of the most brill-
iant periods of its existence, was another serious attempt
made to cut down this record. It is somewhat the more
surprising, perhaps, that this should have been enter-
tained at a time when the character of the American thor-
oughbred and of the events in which he displayed him-
self were undergoing important and significant change,
the day of the staunch old four-miler having nearly
passed away, while the reign of the speedy horse for
sharp, quick work at short distances had almost exclu-
sively supervened. But that the staunchness of the great
heroes of the early race course was in nowise absent
from their descendants in consequence of these changes
in racing practice was a tenet that was sedulously
adhered to by many of the most prominent turfmen, and
it was a source of satisfaction to them when the oppor-
tunity was presented to have this theory put to test.

Fellowcraft, to whom was set the work of demon-
strating the ability of the contemporaneous thoroughbred
to hold his own in comparison with the great horses of
previous generations, was a son of imported Australian
and Aerolite, his dam being by Lexington, out of Florine.
In his pedigree he thus combined the excellences of the
great horse whose record he now challenged, and who
stood unrivaled in the affections of the American public^
with that of the new strain which was already being
looked upon with much favor, and in certain quarters
was regarded as certain to overtop the hitherto unap-
proachable blood of Lexington, Boston, Sir Archy and
Glencoe. Fellowcraft's match against Lexington's time
came off at Saratoga in August, 1874, as one of the
regular events of the Saratoga meeting, and attracted
widespread attention. The success of the great son of
Australian in beating the time of his maternal grandslre
by X of a second, arid fixing the record for four miles at

7 minutes, igyi seconds, was regarded then, as it is now,
as a wonderful achievment. It was only to be compared
with Lecomte's 7 minutes, 26 seconds, Lexington's 7
minutes, 29^ seconds and 7 minutes, 19^ seconds, and
Idlewild's 7 minutes, 26}^ seconds, in a race on Long
Island in 1863 when she beat Jerome Edgar and Danger-
ous. In Fellowcraft's race Wanderer and Katie Pease
were started to compete with him, and ran with such
extraordinary speed, bottom and gameness that they both
finished close up, even sharing honors with the winner.
It was generally conceded that Fellowcraft's two oppo-
nents on this occasion fully won for themselves the right
to stand in the same class as the greatest four-milers of
the American turf

For two years after the event just recorded, the
record of 7 minutes, ig}^ seconds remained unchallenged.
Then the great Ten Broeck took issue with Fellowcraft,
and in 1876 was engaged to run for a special purse of
$1,000. The race took place as an extra day event at
Louisville in September, 1876. There were two entries.
Mr. D. J. Grouse's bay colt Add, four years old, by
Revolver, running against Ten Broeck. The betting was
on even terms, but the Revolver colt had no place
from the moment the start was made. When the signal
was given Ten Broeck struck a slow pace, but was
leading at the quarter and improving his speed, and
made a mile in i minute, 52^ seconds. In those figures
there was little promise of success for a record-breaking
result, but the jockey quickened his pace and the horse
covered the second mile in i minute, 4<y}4 seconds,
which was as much too fast, perhaps, as the former
mile was too slow. Nevertheless, Ten Broeck did not
slacken to any great extent, but ran the three miles in 5
minutes, 25 seconds. Add was left a dozen lengths
behind when the fourth mile was entered upon, and it
was necessary to send another horse on to the course to
stimulate Ten Broeck to keep up his speed. The last
mile he made in i minute, 50^ seconds, and covered
the entire distance in 7 minutes, 15)^ seconds, thus beating
Fellowcraft's record by 3% seconds.

Ten Broeck's record, for four miles, then stood unap-
proached for twenty-one years. At last, in 1897, it was
lowered by Lucretia Borgia to 7 minutes, 1 1 seconds, at
which point it now remains. Lucretia Borgia was a
famous California thoroughbred, a chestnut filly, daugh-
ter of Brutus and Ledette. Her sire, Brutus, was the
son of MacGregor and Teardrop, MacGregor being by
Macaroni, dam Necklace, and Teardrop being by Scottish
Chief dam Niobe. Ledette was a daughter of Nathan
Coombs and Gypsy, Nathan Coombs being by Lodi,
dam Miami, and Gypsy being by Hercules, dam Miami.
In the fifth generation the ancestors of Lucretia Borgia
were Sweetmeat, Jocose, The Fallen Buck, Bracelet,
Lord of the Isles, Miss Ann, Loup Garou, Miserrima,

72

THE AMERICAN TURF

Yorkshire, Topaz, Belmont, Maria Downin,n' and Kings-
ton. It will be noticed that hei' pedigree is entirely
devoid of those crosses which have made the American
thoroughbreds famous in generations past, and which,
until very recent years, have been considered as almost
indispensible in breeding for the turf.

Lucretia Borgia was a small mare, weighing not more
than 7CK) pounds. She was bred by Mr. Charles Boots,
and, until three years old, was known as the Ledette filly.
As a two-year old she showed that she was speedy and
was matched against Seraphin. This match never came
off, however, for an unfortunate reason that resulted,
however, in giving the mare the new name by which
she has since been known. Only a few days before the
time set for the match she fell off in condition. An
investigation showed that poison had been administered
to her. She was brought around, although not in season
to appear in this race, but on account of the poisoning
episode was named Lucretia Borgia. For years previous
to her day, the four-mile California record had been held
by Marigold, 7 minutes, 2o}( seconds. For the benefit
of a local charity a match was arranged for Lucretia
Borgia to beat this record, and the event called out a
large attendance of the best people of San Francisco
upon the day the race was run, June 5th. Probably no
one anticipated the wonderful result. Clawson had the
mount, and the mare carried 87^ pounds. She took
the start in fine shape, and the first mile was done in the
remarkable time of i minute, 50 seconds. She followed
this up by making the second mile in i minute, 45^
seconds, the third mile in i minute, 4']}4 seconds, and
the last mile in i minute, 48^ seconds. The four miles
was covered in 7 minutes, 1 1 seconds, which was not
only 9^ seconds better than the California record, but
4}i seconds better than Ten Broeck's world's record,
8>^ seconds better than Fellowcraft's record, and 8^
seconds better than the great record of Lexington, forty-
two years before, which was then considered unap-
proachable.

As has already been pointed out, the great four-
mile contests that electrified previous generations of
American turf followers have forever passed away. In
place of them as measures for stimulating popular inter-
est in racing contests, and for affording to owners and
breeders those substantial financial encouragements by
which alone the turf can be kept alive, have been sub-
stituted scores of stake and purse events that are not less
interesting, as tests of powers, than those older events,
and even more valuable from the money point of view.
Every meeting in the great centres of the country now
has on its cards several of these fixtures, that, during the
last twenty-five years or less, have risen to the dignity of
national importance. To a very large extent, the history
of contemporaneous racing in this closing part of the

century has centreti around them. Many of them have
become historic and are looked forward to every season
with the highest expectation. Their records have
added many notable pages to the annals of the American
turf and some of them have been in nowise surpassed
by anything of similar character in the Old World.

An enumeration and review of all these events that
have particularly distinguished and made brilliant the
American turf of the present period, would alone fill sev-
eral volumes and might be of the greatest interest and
value to all lovers of the American thoroughbred. Such
an exhaustive review is, perhaps, scarcely necessary in
this connection. The names and the character of these
races have become familiar as household words to every
one interested in the slightest degree in racing matters.
Pleasant memories cling around such affairs as the Ran-
cocas Handicap, the Baltimore Cup and the Dixie, Ches-
apeake and Bowie Stakes at Baltimore, the Ohio Derby
and Jockey Club Stakes at Cincinnati, the Blue Grass,
St. Leger, Kentucky Derby, Great American Stallion
Stakes and the Louisville Cup at Louisville, the Kentucky
Stallion Stakes at Lexington, the Alabama, Flash, Travers
and Saratoga Stakes and the Saratoga Cup at Saratoga,
the Long Branch Handicap and the Monmouth Cup at
Long Branch, the Manhattan, Jerome, Nursery, Belmont,
Maturity, Champagne and other stakes at Jerome Park,
the Westchester Cup and the Fordham Handicap and
scores of other cups and stakes that are not secondary in
interest to those that have been enumerated and whose
names will readily occur to every reader. An account in
detail of the racing that has been associated with a few of
these affairs will give a general idea of the character of
the contests that have combined to make the American
turf of this period pre-eminently notable.

In recent years the Suburban has taken a place in the
front rank of American turt events. There are other"
stakes that have had a longer history and that would
naturally be supposed to secure more general attention
from the associations connected with them. The great
value of the Suburban Stakes, however, has commanded
the entries of the best horses and the event has always
been a subject of widespread discussion and calculation
throughout the country for months in advance of its cul-
mination. The Suburban was established in 1884 by
the Coney Island Jockey Club. It is a handicap sweep-
stakes for all ages, entries $100, half forfeit, with $2,500
added money; the second horse to receive $500 of the
added money and twenty per cent, of the stakes, and
the third horse to receive ten per cent, of the stakes. The
entries have often run up to seventy-five or one hundred,
and even more, and the entrance and added money
combined have made the race one of the most valuable
known to the American turf The Suburban distance is
i}{ miles.

73

THE AMERICAN TURF

In the first running of tlie Suburban Mr. E. J. McEl-
meel's General Monroe carried off the prize. General
Monroe was not a great race horse, but staunch and
gamy, and his success in this race was due to a fortunate
combination of circumstances, rather than to his own
conspicuous merit. In after years he fiiiled to hold the
reputation that he had secured as a Suburban winner,
finally becoming a selling plater and falling a victim to a
bullet that was put through his head to relieve him from
the consequences of a broken leg. A popular and well
merited victory in the Suburban was that of Mr. Pierre
Lorillard's Pontiac in the second year of the fixture, 1885.
Pontiac was an English horse, although he was foaled in
this country. As a yearling he was taken back to Eng-
land and added to Mr. Lorillard's stable, but made no
particular impression upon the turf there and at the end
of his three-year old form was brought back to this
country. There was nothing in his first performances
on the turf here to make him a promising Suburban
starter. Nevertheless, he won in handsome style,
defeating the favorite. Monogram, who went to the post
at odds of 2J^ to i in afield of fifteen. Pontiac's victory
was a most decisive one and he cantered home far ahead
of the entire field, while Monogram never had any
chance whatsoever.

The Suburban of 1886 was a sensational affair. Public
interest was concentrated largely upon Jim Guest, who
belonged to Captain Samuel Brown, of Pittsburg. The
same stable was also represented by Troubadour, who
was so poorly thought of that in the winter betting
100 to I was freely offered against him. Before he came
to the post, however, there was an awakening on the
part of the talent and he started a strong second favorite
to Lizzie Dwyer at 4 to i. Edward Corrigan owned
Lizzie Dwyer, who stood a favorite up to the last
moment at 3 to i, and it has been said that "she started
with more wagered on her chances than any animal
ever had in the turf history of this country." The day
before the race occurred Troubadour ran the Suburban
distance, with full weight up, in the phenomenal time
of 2 minutes, ^^i seconds. When the flag dropped to
the start he was the first off and had the race won before
he had passed out of the first quarter.

The Suburban for 1887 was in all respects a failure.
The horses that started were of an ordinary character,
and none of them were in form to assure particularly in-
teresting sport. Eurus, who won, was from the stable
of Mr. A. J. Cassett and had never had the reputation of
being a horse who could be depended upon. He
could run well when he was apparently so disposed
and, again, would absolutely refuse to budge. After his
death it was discovered that he had been for years
suffering with a tumor, which fact probably accounted
for the many eccentricities that had characterized his

turf career. There were some rather amusing features in
the Suburban that he won. The favorite, Richmond,
who started at 2 to i, had no show whatsoever for
the race, while Quito, who was a good second favor-
ite, and Ben Ali, who was also strongly backed, were
never in it at all, being left standing at the post,. The
Suburban of 1888 was won by Elkwood, half brother 01
Eurus, his sire, Eolus, being the only sire who has yet
begotten two Suburban winners. Elkwood was a rank
outsider in the betting, even his owner, Mr. Walter
Gratz, declining to back him. And yet he made a
splendid finish, winning the race by a head from Terra
Cotta, who had run in hard luck, being pocketed around
nearly the entire course. When the Suburban of 1889
was called only nine of the entries started and none of
these were horses of great merit. Mr. August Belmont's
Raceland was an easy winner and his victory was
popular. Terra Cotta again ran second with Gorgo
third.

Salvator, who won the Suburban of 1890, was the
greatest race horse that has been on the American turf in
the closing decade of the nineteenth century. The son
of Prince Charlie, his reputation is scarcely second, per-
haps, even to such great turf idols as Lexington,
Lecomte, Iroquois and others who have held first place
in public estimation and admiration. In his two and in
his three-year old form he was sometimes defeated by
such horses as Longstreet and Proctor Knott, but, de-
spite those reverses, he showed a form when he was in
condition that was little short of marvelous and that en-
deared him to everybody. Only nine horses started in
this Suburban, but among them were such cracks as
Salvator, Tenny, Firenze, Raceland, Prince Royal and
Longstreet. Salvator was a hot favorite. He carried
127 lbs. and came in a good winner after a gallant fight
that lasted from start to finish, the only horse in the
field that gave him much concern being Cassius, who
had not been considered in the running at all. Fully
thirty thousand persons saw Salvator's great victory and
it was, as has been truly said, "the first time the event
offered a contest worthy of the pride of place accorded
to it as a leading classical feature of the American turf."

Three rank outsiders came in first, second and third
in the Suburban of 189 1 with Loantaka at the head. The
odds of 25 to I were laid against Loantaka in the ring
and it is said that his owner, Mr. David McCoun, would
never have started him had it not been for the strenuous
insistance of his jockey, Martin Bergen, who believed
that he had a good fighting chance. Montana, ridden by
" Snapper" Garrison, came in at the head of the field in
1892, a victory that was extremely popular. In this race
Lamplighter, who was third, ran a great race, being
beaten only a neck and a head for first honors. In 1893,
Lamplighter was a favorite for the great handicap, which

74

THE AMERICAN TURF

looked like a foregone certainty for him. But again he
ran third, the race being won by Lowlander, an out-
sider, who was, however, looked upon with a slight
degree of expectancy. Ramapo's Suburban in 1894 was
one of the most brilliant performances that had ever
distinguished the event. There were twelve starters,
the winner being a strong favorite at 8 to 5. In the
tield were such cracks as Sir Walter, Henry of Navarre,
Banquet and Pickpocket, stars of the first magnitude in
the equine world, and yet, notwithstanding the noble
character of his opponents, Ramapo was easily the best
horse in the race, and one of the very best that has
ever succeeded in winning the Suburban in the fifteen
years of its existence. The race was a magnificent
spectacle from start to finish and, when Ramapo flashed
by the stand in 2 minutes, 6V5 seconds, the enthusiasm
knew no restraint. He beat the time made by the
famous and popular Salvator, the winner of the 1890
Suburban, by three-fifths of a second and was two-fifths
of a second faster than Lowlander, who came in at the
head of the field in 1893.

In 1895, Domino was the favorite at odds of 20 to ii.
Domino was regarded as peerless among the horses of
that year, and was a great public idol. The talent was
hard hit when Lazzarone came in at the head in 2 min-
utes, 7y5 seconds, the odds against him in the betting
having been 6 to 1, with 6 to i against Sir Walter, who
was second, and 10 to i against Song and Dance, who
was third. To the consternation of the admirers of
Domino that horse quit at the end of a mile, plainly
showing the lack of those staying qualities that are
needed to place a thoroughbred in the first rank. Laz-
zarone, who was by Spendthrift out of Spinaway, beat
Sir Walter by two good lengths. It was Henry of Na-
varre's Suburban in 1896. Only a small field engaged,
seven horses coming to the start. Nevertheless the race
was one of the greatest that had been seen on the
course for many years and the son of Knight of Ellerslie
established himself by his performance as one of the
greatest horses of his generation. He was a favorite in
the betting at 2 to i and won the race driving by a
length, with The Commoner second, Clifford third and
Belmar fourth. In 1897, Ben Brush, the best horse in
the field, made a very satisfactory race and landed by
a length, defeating Havoc, The Winner and others.
The struggle in the last quarter of a mile was one of
the fiercest ever seen in a Suburban event, and the
time — 2 minutes, 7% seconds— compares favorably with
the best Suburbans that had preceded it. The time of
Henry of Navarre — 2 minutes and 7 seconds — was only
four-fifths of a second slower than Ramapo's record,
one-fifth of a second slower than Salvator's, two-fifths
of a second slower than Lowlander's and the same as
Loantaka's.

Although the Suburban holds almost unchallenged its
pre-eminent position in the support of turfmen and in the
interest of the general public, there are other events or
the course that have become historic and are looked for-
ward to every season with the highest expectation.
Scarcely second to the Suburban in popular interest and
in value from all points of view of the turfman, is the
annual race for the rich Realization Stakes of the Coney
Island Jockey Club. It is a sweepstakes of i mile and 5
furlongs, and is a test of speed as well as endurance. It
has furnished some of the best contests that have ever
been witnessed upon the course at Sheepshead Bay, and
is regarded as the greatest of three-year old events. The
added money is $10,000, and the second horse receives
two-thirds of the starting money and $2,000, while the
third horse takes the remaining one-third of the starting
money and $1,000. In 1889, the year that this event was
established, Salvator, carrying 122 pounds and ridden by
Murphy, was the winner in 2 minutes, 51 seconds, the
value of the purse being $34,100. In the second year
Tournament, carrying i \2% pounds and ridden by Hay-
ward, came in at the head of the field in 2 minutes, 51
seconds, carrying away for his owner, $25,300. Another
2 minutes, 51 seconds winner was Potomac, in 189 1. He
carried 1 19 pounds and was ridden bv Hamilton.
The purse this year amounted to $30,850. The
fourth year of the Realization saw Tammany at the
front with 1 19 pounds weight and ridden by Garrison.
The time was 2 minutes, 51% seconds, and the amount
of the purse $28,470. Daily America, ridden by Sims
and carrying 107 pounds, was the victor in 1893, his
time being 2 minutes, 50% seconds, and the purse
amounting to $24,170.

So far as time was concerned the Realization of 1894
was a flat failure. Dobbins, who carried 122 pounds
and was ridden by Sims, could only make the course in
2 minutes, 55 seconds, winning $33,400. The following
year did not show much improvement, the time of the
winner being 2 minutes, 54% seconds. Bright Phoebus,
carrying 115 pounds and ridden by Reiff, passed by
the post first, and took away with him a purse of
$29,700. In the Realization of 1896, seven horses' were
on the card, but Hamilton II. was scratched at the last
moment. Requital, the famous crack from the Brook-
dale stables, was a strong favorite. His performance
fully justified the confidence that had been placed in him.
Carrying 119 pounds, this gallant son of Eothen ran the
distance in 2 minutes, 49% seconds, lowering by lys
seconds the record which, up to that time, had been held
by Daily America at 2 minutes, 50% seconds. In 1897
The Friar was the winner, covering the course in 2
minutes, 48% seconds.

The Brooklyn Jockey Club Handicap is a race of a mile
and one-quarter, run over the Gravesend Course. It was

75

THE AMERICAN TURF

started in 1887, when Dry Monopole was the winner,
with Blue Wing second and Hidalgo third, with a field
of fourteen horses behind them. The time was 2 min-
utes, 7 seconds, and the amount of the stake $5,850.
Dry Monopole was a son of imported Glenelg. In the
second year, 1888, The Bard, a son of Longfellow, de-
feated a field of thirteen others, with Hanover second and
Exile third, in 2 minutes, 13 seconds, winning $6,925.
In 1889, Exile, who was third in the running the
previous year, a son of imported Morremer, was at the
head of the field of seven contestants. Prince Royal being
second and Terra Cotta third. The time was 2 minutes,
7;'2 seconds, and the stakeamounted to $6,900. In 1890,
Castaway II., Badge and Eric, came in respectively first,
second and third in a field of nine, the winner being a
son of Outcast. The time of the event this year was 2
minutes, 10 seconds, and the amount of the purse $6,900.
Tenny, in 1891, beat a field of twenty-one in 2 minntes,
10 seconds. Prince Royal being second and Tea-Tray
third. The stake amounted to $14,800. Tenny was a son
of imported Rayon d'Or. In the sixth year of the event
Judge Morrow, Pessara and Russell led a field of twelve
at the finish, the time of the winner. Judge Morrow,
being 2 minutes, 8^4 seconds, and the purse amounting
to $17,750. Judge Morrow was a son of Vagabond.

In 1893, three cracks led the field of thirteen in the or-
der named, Diablo, Lamplighter and Leonawell, the
winner being a son of Eolus. The time this year was 2
minutes, 9 seconds, and the value of the stakes $17,500.
Three other great cracks led off in 1S94, Dr. Rice coming
first by the stand in 2 minutes, 7X seconds, with
Henry of Navarre and Sir Walter second and third, win-
ning $17,750, and establishing the fame of his sire, Onon-
daga. Hornpipe, by imported Mr. Pickwick, headed
Lazzarrone and Sir Walter in 1895, the three leaving a
field of nine behind them. The time of the winner was
2 minutes, 1 1 }( seconds, and the amount of the stakes
$7,750. In i8':;6. Sir Walter carried off the honors from
a field of eight with Clifford second and St. Maxim third.
The time was 2 minutes, 8}4 seconds, and the stakes
were $7,750 Sir Walter was a son of imported Mid-
lothian. In 1897, Howard Mann, by Duke of Montrose,
covered the course in 2 minutes, 9^ seconds, defeating
ten contestants and winning $7,750. Lake Shore ran
second and Volley third. It will been seen that the
track record for this event is 2 minutes, 7 seconds, estab-
lished by Dry Monopole, the first year that the handi-
cap was run. The nearest approach to Dry Monopole's
figure has been Dr. Rice's 2 minutes, 7^ seconds, in
1894, and Exile's 2 minutes, 7>^ seconds in 1889. The
largest stakes were in 1892 and again in 1894, when they
amounted to $17,750.

In its value to owners the Futurity of the Coney Island
Jockey Club that is run at the annual summer meeting

gives first place to none of the great stakes. It is a
sweepstakes for two-year olds, with $8,750 added, the
second horse receiving $1,000 and two-thirds of the
starting money, and the third horse $500 and one-third
of the starting money. The breeders of the winner, and
of the second and third horses receive respectively,
$2,000, $1,250 and $500 out of the added money. The
Futurity course is about three-quarters of a mile. Estab-
lished in 1888, the first winner of the Futurity was Proc-
tor Knott, his time being 1 minute, 15^^ seconds. The
winner that year had $40,900 to his credit. In 1889,
Chaos came in at the head of the field in 1 minute, i6f
seconds, winning $54, 550. Potomac reduced the record
in 1890 to 1 minute, 144- seconds, winning $67,675.
The record went up one second in 1891, when His High-
ness was the winner with $61,675 for his share of the
stakes. In 1892, there was another drop in the time
record and also in the profits of the race, Morello getting
$40,450 for running the course in i minute, i2|- seconds.
Domino took $49,350 in 1899 with a record of i minute,
I2f seconds. In the following year came the great
achievement of The Butterflies, who knocked the figures
of the record down to i minute, 11 seconds, which was
i^ seconds better than Morello's time, thus far the record
time for the event, 4}^ seconds faster than Proctor
Knott's initial record, and 5f better than the slowest
Futurity time. The amount of stakes for the winner this
year was $63,950. Requital, in 1895, made a good race
and won $53,750, but his time was f of a second slower
than that of The Butterflies. In 1896, Ogden took the
honors, lowering the time of The Butterflies by 1 second,
to 1 minute, 10 seconds, and winning $44,290. When
the race was run in 1897, L'Allouette re-established the
record of The Butterflies, 1 minute, 1 1 seconds, which
was 1 second slower than Ogden's best record for the
event.

A special sentimental interest attaches to the Kentucky
Derby. It is one of the famous events of the season in
the home of the American thoroughbred and its very
name carries with it suggestions of the most glowing
pages of turf history in this country and in England. It
would be difficult to find a genuine turfman who does
not feel his pulses quicken at the very thought of Ken-
tucky and the Derby. The event is also interesting from
the fact that it has always marked the opening of the
great spring meeting in Louisville. From a purely specu-
lative point of view it has always had an absorbing pub-
lic interest, since its contestants have come forward com-
paratively untried, so that they have been largely un-
known quantities in their form of that year. They have
come to the post with something of a mystery attached
to their prospects, and this has given an additional filip
to the event. The race is for three-year old colts and
fillies, i}4 miles distance, with $2,500 added money,

76

THE AMERICAN TURF

$300 to the second horse and $iso to the third. In such
popular esteem is this race held that the Legislature of
the State of Kentucky has been known to adjourn its
session so that its members might attend the race, thus
following the example of the English Parliament in ad-
journing over for the great National Derby of England.

The Kentucky Derby winners have, as a rule, been
horses who, in their subsequent careers, have arisen to
decided prominence on the turf. In 1875, the first year
of the event, Aristides, son of Leamington, was ridden
by Louis to victory in 2 minutes, 37^ seconds. In 1876,
Vagrant, son of Virgil, was ridden over the course in 2
minutes, 38^ seconds, an easy winner. Baden Baden,
by Australian, and ridden by Walker, won the event in
2 minutes, 38 seconds, in 1877. The following year.
Day Star, by Star Davis, carried his colors to the front in
2 minutes, 37X seconds. Lord Murphy, son of Pat
Malloy, was the winner in 1879, ^^^ time being 2 min-
utes, 37 seconds, establishing the record for the event
for eleven years. The great Fonso, son of King Alfonso,
headed the field in 1880, his time being 2 minutes, 37)^
seconds. For several ensuing years the time of the race
rose to higher figures, although several horses of the
first class were among the winners. The best that
Hindoo, the son of Virgil, could do in 1881, was 2 min-
uets and 40 seconds, but that was quite sufficient to
enable him to carry off the prize.

In the following year Apollo lifted the record by a
quarter of a second, and, in 1883, Leonatus, son of Long-
fellow, discouraged everybody by dragging over the
course in 2 minutes, 43 seconds, with the field behind
him. In 1884, the field was commonplace, and Bu-
chanan, son of Buckden, won out in 2 minutes, 40^
seconds. Since 1884, the winners, and their time, in
successive years have been as follows: 1885, Joe Cotton,
2 minutes, 37^ seconds; 1886, Ben Ali, 2 minutes, ^Sj-i

seconds; 1887, Montrose, 2 minutes, 39^ seconds; \i
Macbeth II., 2 minutes, 38X seconds; 1889, Spokane,
2 minutes, ^4% seconds; 1890, Riley, 2 minutes, 45
seconds; 1891, Kingman, 2 minutes, 52^ seconds; 1892,
Azra, 2 minutes, 41^ seconds; 1893, Lookout, 2 minutes,
39^ seconds; 1894, Chant, 2 minutes, 41 seconds; 189s,
Halma, 2 minutes, 37}^ seconds. In 1896, the distance
was reduced to one and one-quarter miles, and Ben
Brush won in 2 minutes, 7% seconds; 1897, Typhoon
II., 2 minutes, I2>^ seconds.

The wonderful development of the thoroughbred in
the United States during the present generation, is
always an interesting subject of consideration wherever
and whenever turf matters are under discussion. It has
excited the attention and the admiration of the world
and has particularly impressed itself in a very practical
way upon the minds of our English cousins, when they
have been compelled to see American bred horses

carrying off some of the choicest prizes in their historic
racing events. As throwing a light upon this subject
and as illustrating the steady advance in achievement of
the American thoroughbred, it is interesting and impor-
tant to note that, with a single exception, the best
performances for all events upon the American turf have
been within the last twenty-five years. The record,
which is well worth preservation as an important part
of the history of our turf, is here presented. It is com-
plete and accurate down to the close of the racing
season of 1897, and gives in order the distance run, the
name, age, weight and sire of the record holder, the
place and date where the record was made and the
record time.

Dashes, best at all distances: % mile. Bob Wade, 4,
Butte, Mont., August 20, 1890, 0.21X; yk mile. Red S.,
aged, 122 lbs., Butte, Mont., July 23, 1896, and Fashion,
4, Lampasas, Tex., August 15, 1891, 0.34; Yz mile, Ger-
aldine, 4, by Grinstead, 122 lbs., New York Jockey
Club, straight course, August 30, 1889, 0.46, and April
Fool, 4, 122 lbs., Butte, Mont., July 23, 1891, 0.47; 4>^
furlongs, Handpress, 2, by Hanover, 100 lbs.. New York
Jockey Club, straight course, May 26, 1897, 0.52; Vs.
mile. Maid Marian, 4, by Great Tom, in lbs.. New
York Jockey Club, October 9, 1894, and George F. Smith,
4, 100 lbs., San Francisco, California Jockey Club,
May 7, 1895, 0.^6% \ 5^ furlongs. Tormentor,
6, by Joe Hooker, 121 lbs.. New York Jockey
Club, October 10, 1893, 1.03; % of mile, less 170
feet, Kingston, aged, by Spendthrift, 139 lbs.. Coney
Island Jockey Club, Futurity Course, June 22, 1891, 1.08;
% mile, Domino, 2, by Himyar, 128 lbs.. New York
Jockey Club, straight course, September 29, 1893, 1,09;
and O'Connell, 5, 121 lbs., Oakley, O., July 18, 1895,
i.\2j4', 6)4 furlongs, Wernberg, 4, by Muscovy, 113
lbs.. Coney Island Jockey Club, August 28, 1895, and
Irish Reel, 3, by Exile, 108 lbs.. Coney Island Jockey
Club, August 31, 1895, 1.19%; J4 mile, Bella B., 5, by
Enquirer, 103 lbs., Monmouth Park, straight course, July
8, 1890, i.2}]/2, and Clifford, 4, by Bramble, 127 lbs.,
Coney Island Jockey Club, August 20, 1894, 1.25%; 7J4
furlongs, Mamie Scott, 3, by Canny Scott, 90 lbs., San
Francisco, Cal, October 17, 1895, 1.33X; i mile, Sal-
vator, 4, by imported Prince Charlie, 1 10 lbs., Mon-
mouth Park, straight course, August 28, 1890, i.3S>^;
Libertine, 3, by Leonatus, 90 lbs., Chicago, III. (Har-
lem), October 24, 1894, 1.38%; Arab, 8, by Dalnacar-
doch, 93 lbs.. New York Jockey Club, June 11, 1894,
and Ducat, 4, by Deceiver, 113 lbs., Coney Island
Jockey Club, August 28, 1894, 1.39, and Kildeer,
4, by imported Darebin, 91 lbs., Monmouth Park,
straight course, August 13, 1892, 1.37X; i mile and 20
yards. Maid Marian, 4, loi lbs., by imported Great Tom,
Chicago, Washington Park, July 19, 1893, 1.40; i mile

77

THE AMERICAN TURF

and 70 yards, Lillian Lee, 3, 95 lbs., Chicago, Harlem
Park, July 31, 1894, 1.43^; ixr mi'es, Redskin,
6, by Runnymede or imported Pontiac, 98 lbs., Forsyth,
Ind., June 6, 1896, 1.45^; i}i miles, Tristan, 6, by
imported Glenelg, 114 lbs., Morris Park, N. Y., June 2,
1891, i.5ij^; ItV miles, Henry Young, 4, by Duke of
.Montrose, 108 lbs., Chicago, Washington Park, July 14,
1894, i.^Syi; 1% miles, Banquet, 3, by imported
Rayon d'Or, 108 lbs., Monmouth Park, straight
course, July 17, 1890, 2.03^^ ; Salvator, 4, by imported
Prince Charlie, 122 lbs , Coney Island Jockey Club,
June 25, 1890, and Morello, 3, by Eolus, 117 lbs.,
Chicago, 111., Washington Park, July 22, 1893,2.05; i
mile and 500 yards, Bend Or, 4, by Buckden, 115 lbs.,
Saratoga, N. Y., July 25, 1882, 2. io>^; i^ miles. Sir
John, 4, by Sir Modred, 116 lbs.. New York Jockey
Club, June 9, 1892, 2. 14^; 1^ miles, Sabine 4, by
Rossington, 109 lbs., Chicago, Washington Park, July 5,
1894, 2.18^; lyi miles. Buckwa, 6, 103 lbs., San Fran-
cisco, California Jockey Club, December 24, 1897,
2.32^, Lamplighter, 3, by Spendthrift, 109 lbs.,
Monmouth Park. August 9, 1892, and Evanatus, aged,
by Leonatus, 73 lbs., Chicago, Harlem Park, August
28, 1897, 2.3234^; 154 miles, Hindoocraft, 3, by Hindoo,
75 lbs., Morris Park, N. Y., August 27, 1889, 2.48; and
Exile, 4, by imported Mortemer, 115 lbs., Sheepshead
Bay, N. Y., September 11, 1886, 2.48^; \% miles,
Ben Holladay, 4, 118 lbs.. New York Jockey Club,
October 2}, 1897, 2.59^; xj/z miles. Enigma 4, by
Enquirer, 90 lbs., Sheepshead Bay, N. Y., September 15,
1885, 3.20; 2 miles, Newton, 4, by imported Billet, 107
lbs., Chicago, Washington Park, July 13, 1893; and Ten
Broeck, 5, by imported Phaeton, 1 10 lbs., Louisville, Ky.,
May 29, 1877, in a race against time, 3.27}^ ; 2^ miles,
Joe Murphy, 4, by Isaac Murphy, 99 lbs., Chicago, Har-
lem Park, August 30, 1894, 3.42; 2% miles, Springbok,
5, by imported Australian, 114 lbs.; and Preakness,
aged, by Lexington, 114 lbs., Saratoga, N. Y., July 29,
i875' 3-56/^; ^yi. miles, Aristides, 4 by imported Leam-
ington, 104 lbs., Lexington, Ky., May 13, 1876, 4.27 J^;
2i/i miles. Ten Broeck, 4, by imported Phaeton, 104 lbs.,
Lexington, Ky., September 16, 1876, 4. 58^^; 2^ miles,
Hubbard, 4, by Planet, 107 lbs., Saratoga, N. Y.,
August 9, 1873, 4.58^; 3 miles, Drake Carter, 4, by
Ten Broeck, 115 lbs., Sheepshead Bay, N. Y., Septem-
ber 6, 1884, 5.24; 4 miles, Lucretia Borgia, 4, by
imported Brutus, 85 lbs., Oakland, California Jockey
Club, May 20, 1897, 7. 11.

Heats, best two in three: X 'file, Sleepy Dick, aged,
Kiowa, Kan., October 19, 1888, o.2i}4, 0.22%; yi.
mile. Eclipse, Jr., 4, Dallas, Tex., November i, 1890,
0.48, 0.48; Bogus, aged, by Ophir, 113 lbs., Helena,
Mont, August 22, 1888, 0.48, 0.48; and Bill Howard, 5,
122 lbs., Anaconda, Mont., August 17, 1895, 0.47}^,
0.48^^ ; 4>^ furlongs, Susie S., aged, by Ironwood, Santa
Rosa, Cal., August 23, 1889, 0.55, 0.55^; yk mile, Kittie
Pease, 4, by Jack Hardy, 82 lbs., Dallas, Tex., November

2, 1887, 1. 00, 1. 00; ^ mile, Lizzie S., 5, by Wanderer,
118 lbs., Louisville, Ky., September 28, 1883, 1.13^,
1. 13)^, and Tom Hayes, 4, by Duke of Montrose,
107 lbs., Morris Park, N. Y., straight course, June 17,
1892, x.xoYi, i.i2}i; ]/% mile. Hornpipe, 4, by imported
St. Mungo, 105 lbs., Chicago, West Side Park, July 19,
1888, 1.30, 1.30; I mile, Guido, 4, by Double Cross,
117 lbs., Chicago, Washington Park, July 11, 1891,
1. 41%, 1. 41/4; lyie miles; Slipalong, 5, by Longfellow,
115 lbs., Chicago, Washington Park, September 2, 1885^
1.50^, 1.48; lyk miles, Gabriel, 4, by Alarm, 112 lbs.,
Sheepshead Bay, N. Y., September 23, 1880, 1.56, 1.56;
\% miles, Glenmore, 5, by Glen Athol, 114 lbs., Sheeps-
head Bay, N. Y., September 25, 1880, 2.10, 2.14, Mary
Anderson, 3, 83 lbs., winning the first heat in 2.09; i J4
miles. Patsy Duffy, aged, 115 lbs., Sacramento, Cal.,
September 17, 1884, 2.41^, 2.41; 2 miles, Bradamante,

3, by War Dance, 87 lbs., Jackson, Miss., November
17, 1877, 3.}2, 3.29, Miss Woodford, 4, 107}^ lbs.,
Sheepshead Bay, September 20, 1884, }.}}, 3.3 iX;
3 miles, Norfolk, 4, by Lexington, 100 lbs., Sacramento,
Cal., September 23, 1865, 5.27)^, 5.29^^ ; 4 miles, Ferida,

4, by Glenelg, 105 lbs., Sheepshead Bay, N. Y., Septem-
ber 18, 1880, 7.23^^, 7.41, and Glenmore, 4, by Glen
Athol, 108 lbs., Baltimore, Md., October 25, 1879, 7.30}^,
7.31 ; Willie D., 4, 105 lbs.,winning the first heat in 7.29}^.

Heats, best three in five: yi mile, Haddington, 6, by
Haddington, 118 lbs., Petaluma, Cal., August 28, 1883,
o.49>^, 0.50^^, o.4C))i, Aunt Betsy, 3, 106 lbs., winning
the first heat in o.49>4 ; ^ mile. Gleaner, aged, by im-
ported Glenelg, 112 lbs., Chicago, Washington Park,
July 5, 1886, 1.15, \.\4y2, I-I5J4; I mile, Thad Stevens,
aged, by Langford, 100 lbs., Sacramento, Cal., July 8,
1873, i.43>^; 1.46^^, 1.45, Thornhill winning the first
and second heats in 1.43, 1.43; L' Argentine, 6, 115
lbs., St. Louis, June 14, 1879, 1.43, 1.44, 1.47%^; ItV
miles, Dave Douglas, 5, by Leinster, Sacramento, Cal.,
September 23, 1887, i.5ij^, i.5i>^, i.SiJ^, 1.54, i-50>^,
first and third heats being dead heats.

78

GREAT AMERICAN THOROUGHBREDS

Champions of the Early American Turf — Eclipse and His Famous Daughters, Ariel and

Black Maria — Boston and Fashion, the Great Rivals — Sir

Archy, Glencoe, Lexington, and Others

MERICAN Eclipse, whose special title to distinc-
tion rested upon his famous victory over Sir
Henry, when the turf of the North and South
were pitted against each other upon the Long
island Union Course in 1823, was bred by General Na-
thaniel Coles, ofDosoris, Queens County, L. I., May 25,
1814. His sire was Duroc, son of imported Diomed and
Amanda, by Gray- Diomed, who was a son of Old
Medley. His dam was Miller's Damsel, by imported
Messenger; his second dam was an English mare, im-
ported when three years old in 1795 by William Consta-
ble, bred by Lord Grosvenor and sired by Pot-8-os, son
of the great English Eclipse; his third dam was by Gim-
crack, who was by Cripple, by the Godolphin Arabian;
his fourth dam was Snap Dragon, by Snap; his fifth dam
was by Regulus, and his sixth dam by Bartlett's Childers.
Broken as a three-year old, he started in his first race in
18 18 for a purse of three-mile heats on the Newmarket
Course, Long Island, on which occasion he defeated
Black-Eyed Susan and Sea-Gull, the latter being then
called the best three-mile horse of the day. The follow-
ing year he was sold to Mr. Cornelius W. Van Ranst,
and in June, 1819, won the Jockey Club's purse for four-
mile heats over the Bath Course, on Long Island, defeat-
ing Littlejohn and Bond's Eclipse and James Fitz James.
Four months later he again ran four-mile heats at Bath,
defeating Littlejohn, Fearnought and Bond's Eclipse,
winning the race in two straight heats in 8 minutes, 13
seconds and 8 minutes, 8 seconds.

After making two seasons in the stud, he was put into
training again in 1821; and in October of that year
entered the race for four-mile heats over the new Union
Course. His competitors on this occasion were Lady
Lightfoot, by Sir Archy, Flag of Truce, by Sir Solomon,
and Heart of Oak. The two last named horses were
drawn after the first heat, and Lady Lightfoot was dis-
tanced in the second heat. The time was, first heat, 8
minutes, 4 seconds; second heat, 8 minutes, 2 seconds.
In May, 1822, he defeated Sir Walter, by Hickory, in a
race of four-mile heats on the Union Course, the time
being, first heat, 7 minutes, 54 seconds, and second
heat, 8 minutes. In the following October he won
another race of four-mile heats on the Union Course for
a purse of $1,000, defeating Sir Walter, the Duchess of
Marlborough, by Sir Archy and Slow and Easy by Duroc.

The first heat of this race was run in 7 minutes, 58 sec-
onds and in the second heat Eclipse had it all his own
way, Sir Walter stopping short and the two mares being
withdrawn. His next great achievement was his sensa-
tional defeat of Henry upon the Long Island Course in
May, 1823. Soon after this event he passed into the
stud, having been sold for what was at that time the
remarkably large price of $10,000. He stood one sea-
son in Virginia, one or two seasons in Baltimore, then for
a short time in New York, and finally being employed in
Kentucky, lived to a ripe old age, leaving a long list of
distinguished sons and daughters whose descendants
have conveyed his blood into the best thoroughbreds of
American origin of the present day.

Of the 'immediate progeny of American Eclipse was
the fleet mare Ariel, whose wonderful achievements
certainly entitled her to the distinction of ranking with
the best race horses of any age or clime. Ariel was got
by American Eclipse out of a dam by Financier, being
bred in 1822 by Mr. Gerrit Vanderveer, of Flatbush, L. I.
Her grandam was Empress by imported Baronet; her
great grandam by imported Messenger. She combined
the three valued crosses of Herod, Matchem and Eclipse
and traced almost directly from Childers, Partner, Crab,
Snap, Spark, Gimcrack, Mambrino, Medley, Diomed and
other great English and American horses. She was a
handsome gray, about fifteen hands high, well propor-
tioned and powerful in action. Her achievements upon
the turf were marvelous and it was said of her that no
horse in the world ever ran or won as many races. In
her last campaign she ran and won thirty-six miles in
fifteen days. Beginning in 1825, when she won a hundred
rods race against an Eclipse filly and a horse by Duroc
and ending with her last race in May, 1830, when she
easily defeated Sir Lovell in two straight four mile heats,
she ran more than 345 miles in fifty-seven races, of
which she won forty-two, seventeen of them being four
mile heats.

During the five years that she was on the turf she
vanquished almost every horse of distinction from New
York to Georgia, never laying by nor going lame. With
five exceptions she sooner or later beat every horse who
had in the first case defeated her; those exceptions were
Monsieur Tonson, Sally Walker, Flirtilla, Kate Kearny
and Arietta. With the exception of one match, that at

79

THE AMERICAN TURF

three years old of three mile heats, she never lost a race
in which she won a single heat. Her winnings in
matches and purses, exclusive of bets, amounted to
something more than $25,000. During her career she
traveled at least three thousand miles, perhaps more.
One of her most famous performances, especially as
showing her stoutness, was her sixteen mile race on the
Newmarket Course, South Carolina, where, after winning
the second heat of four miles, she closely contested the
third run in 7 minutes, 57 seconds and won the fourth in
8 minutes, 4 seconds. Her match with Flirtilla in
October, 1825, when she was defeated in three heats,
was one of the sensational events of that day. Among
her other notable triumphs was the winning of the
Jockey Club purse at Newmarket in October, 1828, when
she defeated in four heats Trumpator, Red Murdoch and
Hypona, the time being 8 minutes, 22 seconds; 8
minutes, 13 seconds; 7 minutes, 57 seconds and 8
minutes, 4 seconds. Her race with Betsey Ransom on
the Duchess Course in Poughkeepsie, N. Y., in 1829,
was another event that excited intense interest atthe time.
She won in three heats, the time for the first two heats
being 7 minutes, 52 seconds and 8 minutes, i second.

It may be interesting to compare Ariel's record with
that of other winners on the early turf in England and
America. Rockingham, who, up to that time, stood at
the head of the list of English winners, was a winner
thirty-three times; Pot-8-os, thirty-one; Gimcrack,
twenty-eight out of thirty-seven races; Wood-
pecker, twenty-eight; imported Buzzard, twenty-eight;
Eleanor, twenty-eight out of forty-eight; Peggy,
twenty-two out of thirty-five; Dick Andrews, twenty
out of twenty-seven; Lady Lightfoot, thirty or more;
Polly Perkins, twenty-three out of thirty ; Sally Hope,
twenty-two out of twenty-seven, and others lower
down on the list.

Another fomous daughter of American Eclipse was
Black Maria, who had a long and brilliant career. Bred
by Mr. Charles H. Hall, of Harlem, N. Y., she was
foaled in June, 1826. At the age of seventeen months
she became the property of Mr. John C. Stevens, who
retained possession of her many years. Through her
sire she had in her veins the best equine blood of her gen-
eration. Her dam was Lady Lightfoot by Sir Archy, her
grandam Black Maria by imported Shark, her great-
grandam, a celebrated race mare, by imported Clock-
fast, a half brother to Medley by Gimcrack, and her
great-great-grandam Burwell's Maria by Regulus. Lady
Lightfoot was one of the most distinguished racers of her
day and never was beaten but once, except in her old
age. She was bred by Colonel John Tayloe, of Virginia,
and was afterward the property of Major William Jones,
of Oyster Bay, L. I., and Dr. Alexander Hosock, of New
York. Black Maria's grandam, after whom she was

named, was originally known as Selden's Maria. She
had great speed and endurance and ran to her fourteenth
year. She was owned by Colonel John Tayloe, of Vir-
ginia, General Wade Hampton, of South Carolina, and
Colonel W. Allston, of South Carolina. At fourteen
years of age she again became the property ot Colonel
Tayloe, who gave $2,500 for her, the highest price ever
paid for a brood mare up to that time and for many
years after.

Black Maria was a superb looking horse, glossy black in
color, as her name indicated, without a single white mark.
She stood fifteen hands, three inches high. She was
first brought to the track in 1829 in a match for $5,000 a
side, two-mile heats, against Colonel William R. John-
son's Brilliant, by Sir Archy out of Bet Bounce. She
won easily in two straight heats, the first in 4 minutes,
1 second, and the second in 3 minutes, 58 seconds. On
the same course, the Long Island Union, five days later,
October 8, she won the Jockey Club Purse in two straight
three-mile heats, defeating Lady Flirt by Hickory and
Sir Charles by Duroc. Her career from this time on was
one ot almost uninterrupted success, she being only
occasionally defeated. In May, 1831, on the Union
Course, she ran second to Bonnets O'Blue by Sir
Charles, but the same year carried off the Jockey Club
Purse at Poughkeepsie, defeating Mark Richards and
Splendid. Her first great triumph was the winning of
the Post Stakes for $4,000 on the Central Course in
Baltimore in October, 1831. Her contestants on this
occasion were Collier by Sir Charles, Virginia Taylor by
Sir Archy, James Cropper by Sir Charles, Busiris by
Eclipse and Eliza Reilly by Sir Archy. She won the
second and third heats, having run fifth in the
first heat; the time was 8 minutes, 3 seconds, 8 min-
utes, 10 seconds, and 8 minutes, 3 seconds. Three
days after this race she was defeated in a contest for the
Jockey Club Purse on the same course by Colonel Will-
iam R. Johnson's Trifle by Sir Charles.

The following year she met Trifle again in October on
the Union Course, Long Island, in one of the many
remarkable races of that period, when she won the first
and fifth heats, her time being 8 minutes, 6 seconds,
and 8 minutes, 47 seconds, the second being a dead
heat with Trifle at 7 minutes, 55 seconds. Her last pub-
lic performance was in May, 1835, for the Jockey Club
Purse, on the Union Course, four-mile heats, when she
was defeated by Henry Archy by Henry, Commodore R.
F. Stockton's Monmouth by Richards being second in
the running. During her career Black Maria started
twenty-five times and won thirteen races, eleven of
them being Jockey Club races at three and four-mile
heats. Her total winnings were $14,900, which was a
big sum of money for those days, when the purses were
not as large as they have been since. After 1835, she

80

THE AMERICAN TURF

w:is withdniwn from the turf and sent to the stud. In
the latter days of her lite she was owned by the
Honorable Bailie Peyton, the distinguished Southern
turfman.

Sii' Archy, one of the most famous stallions that has
ever graced the turf and the stud in the United States,
was foaled in Vir.n'inia in the spring of 1805, being bred
by Colonel Archibald Randolph and Colonel John Tayloe,
to whom he jointly belonged. He was a horse of rich
bay color, fully sixteen hands high, and very powerful,
having no white about him, except on his right hind
foot. It was said of him that, "upon the whole he had
more size, power and substance" than were often seen
in the full bred horse of that day. As a racer he held
the highest rank. Although he did not appear in
many races, when he did run he beat all the best horses
of his day. Among those who bowed to his prowess
were Wrangler, Tom Tough, Palafox, Minerva, Ratray,
Gallatin and others. Even after he was withdrawn from
the turf, his owner. Colonel William R. Johnson, offered
to run him against any horse in the world in four-mile
heats for $5,000 a side, a challenge that met with no
takers.

Sir Archy was a son of imported Diomed, who was
got by Florizel, one of the best sons of old King Herod,
his dam being by Spectator. Diomed was one of the
most successful racers on the English turf, and his colts
were among the greatest racers ever foaled in the
United States. The dam of Sir Archy was Castianira,
got by Rockingham out of Tabitha, Rockingham being
the best son of Highflyer, who was the best son of old
King Herod. One of the turf writers of the period said
of Sir Archy that "he may justly be allowed to be one
of the best bred horses this country or England has
ever produced. He was not only a distinguished racer,
but as a stallion he stands upon higher ground than any
other horse that has covered in America and may rank
with the best stallions in England." He became the
founder of a family and was so much appreciated in
his native State that nearly all Virginia bred horses of
the preceding generations traced their pedigrees back to
him. Among his get were such horses as Sir Henry, Flir-
tilla, Timoleon (a sire of great merit), Reality, Sir Will-
iam, Bertrand, Roanoke, Johanna, Lady Lightfoot, Lady
Burton and others. The celebrated statesman, John
Randolph, owned at one time no less than four of his
colts. Among those in whose veins his blood afterward
flowed were some of the foremost animals on the Amer-
ican turf, including Boston, Fashion, Wagner, Gray
Eagle, Post Boy, Mingo, Lady Clifton, Fanny, Sarah
Washington and Gray Medoc, and a long list of othe;^, in-
cluding even the great Lexington. Probably no other horse
foaled and bred in this country ever made a more dis-
tinct, more valuable, or more lasting impress upon the

thoroughbred on this side of the Atlantic than did this
famous stallion.

No descendant of Sir Archy won more enduring fame
than Boston, who was born at the establishment of John
Wickham, near Richmond, Va., in 1833, the son of
Timoleon and the grandson of Sir Archy, his dam being
a sister to Tuckahoe. The richest of thoroughbred blood
flowed in his veins, among his ancestors on the side of
his sire being Diomed, Eclipse, Snap, Regulus, Fear-
nought, Jolly Roger, the Darley Arabian, Place's Turk
and several of the royal mares of Charles II. He was a
magnificent chestnut, with a white stripe in his face and
two white feet behind, a trifle above I'yji hands high,
not handsome, but with plenty of strength and go in
him. The name Boston was bestowed upon him, not
as a compliment to the Puritan capital of Massachusetts,
but from the popular game of cards called by that name;
there was a tradition to the effect that, as a colt, he was
won as a prize at a game of Boston. He first appeared
upon the turf in Virginia, in 1836, in a sweepstakes,
mile heats, and was a lugubrious failure, bolting in the
first heat when running ahead of the field. A few
months later, in the fall of the same year, he retrieved
himself, winning first a two-mile heat race and after-
ward a three-mile heat race, beating, in the former,
Mary Archy, Juliana and other horses, and in the latter
Betsy Mingo, Nick Biddle, Bayard and others. From
that time forward he was uniformly successful and rap-
idly attained to first rank as a great racer.

In 1837, he ran four races, each in three-mile heats,
coming in at the head of the field on every occasion. In
1838, he was entered in eleven races, winning nine
Jockey Club purses, eight of which were four-mile heats
and the other a three-mile heat, and being paid out of
the purse not to start in the remaining two events. On
the Union Course, in June of this year, he ran three miles
in 5 minutes, }6}4 seconds. In 1839, he lost a match
race to Portsmouth, two-mile heats, in April, and then
won eight other events, all but one of which were four-
mile heats, defeating such horses as Queen, Omega,
Tom Walker and Decatur. His record for 1840 was six
races won, all but one of which were four-mile heats.
From a match with Gano in Augusta, Ga., in December
of this year, he carried off a purse of $10,000. During
the spring of 184 1 he was in the stud, but in the autumn
won four four-mile heats and then lost one four-mile
heat, being distanced by John Blount and Fashion in 7
minutes, 42 seconds. His record for the six years was
thirty-eight races, of which he won thirty-five, twenty-
six of them being at four-mile heats and nine at three-
mile heats. His total winnings amounted to nearly
$50,000. His great race with Fashion, in 1842, when
he was defeated, in two straight heats, for a purse of
$20,oooaside, is described in another chapter of this volume.

THE AMERICAN TURF

When he retired to the stud, at the age of ten years,
after having run forty-five races, thirty of which were in
four-mile heats, he was in as perfect physical condition
as when he was a two-year old. His defeat by Fashion
was amply atoned for and memories of it substantially
obliterated by his subsequent performance in the stud,
where his career was brilliant, even though short. In this
capacity he began, in his native Virginia, in 1843, '^ut was
subsequently transferred to Kentucky in 1846, passing
into the hands of that remarkable breeder, Colonel E. M.
Blackburn, of Woodford County, who, with Mr. John M.
Clay, son of the great commoner, and Mr. R. A. Alex-
ander, of Woodburn Farm, first gave Americans an idea
of that scale of expenditure on which breeding must be
conducted in order to be successful. Having contracted
a severe cold he died in 1849, but left a strong imprint
upon the American turf in the shape of a remarkable
array of sons and daughters, many of whom achieved
great distinction, judged by his blood, his form, his
deeds and his produce, he has been pronounced, by
many authorities, the greatest race horse ever born on
American soil. Two of his descendants, Lexington and
Lecomte, so far overshadowed all others of the family
that it is hardly necessary to speak of them in the same
connection.

Imported Glencoe, bred by the Earl of Jersey, by Sultan
out of Trampoline by Tramp, was one of the celebrated
thoroughbreds before the middle of this century. He
was foaled in 1831 and had already achieved fame, both
on the turf and in the stud, before he came to the United
States. He was the winner of the Two Thousand
Guineas Stake and one of his daughters was Pocahontas,
the dam of Stockwell, who became the sire of the most
successful racers of the day and the ancestor of probably
the most reliable strain of winners that the old country
turf possessed down to recent times. Although thought
well of in his native land, Glencoe was not so highly
valued as some of his rivals, but it has been well said of
him that "looking back at the influence left by him in
England in his one stud season there, and at the results
of his impress here, it is doubtful whether for permanent
improvement of racing stock he was not a better horse
than was left in England when he came away." Glencoe
was imported by Mr. James Jackson, of Alabama, and
like so many of the best horses of that period, passed
into the hands of the Kentucky breeder, Mr. A. K. Rich-
ards, in whose possession he was when he died in 1858.
He was a powerful, beautiful chestnut, with a large star
on the forehead, and hind legs white halfway up to the
hocks, and stood 16 hands high. His work in the stud
in this country was of a phenomenal character and he
supplied as strong and individual an element to the
American thoroughbred as any other stallion, except
perhaps Diomed. He sired a multitude of famous racers.

while the mares of his get proved exceptionly produc-
tive, especially when bred to the distinctively American
horse, Lexington, representing the line of old Sir Archy
and the first Derby winner, imported Diomed. The
best sons ot Glencoe were Vandal, Congaree, Frankfort,
Rigadoon, Pryor and Thornhill, and among his most
famous descendants were Lecomte, Starke. Prioress,
Brown Dick, Lodi, Fleetwing, Idlewild, Asteroid, Ken-
tucky and Norfolk.

Fashion, who carried the colors of the North in the
famous match with Boston in 1842, was foaled in 1837
at Madison, Morris County, N. J., in the establishment
of Mr. William H. Gibbons. She was noted not only
for remarkable performances on the turf, but for a beauty
that distinguished her above most horses of the day and
that bore abundant testimony to her pure and lofty
descent. She was a rich, satin-coated chestnut, 15^
hands high, and strong and graceful in build. With a
star on her forehead and a ring of white on the left hind
foot, her right quarter was marked with three dark spots
such as had marked Plenipo and others. She was got
by imported Trustee, out of the celebrated Bonnets O'Blue,
who was by Sir Charles and Reality, the two latter being
half brother and sister by Sir Archy. On the side of both
sire and dam Fashion was thus descended from the most
distinguished racing families that had figured on the
American turf since the beginning of its history. Reality
was declared by Colonel William R. Johnson to be "the
very best race horse 1 ever saw." Her pedigree through
her dam, a daughter of Medley, extended back through
Centinel, Janus, Monkey, Silver Eye and Spanker, to an
imported Spanish mare, and among her other ancestors
on this side were the Darley Arabian, Bartlett's Childers
mare, Place's White Turk, Snap, Cade and Partner.

Trustee, the sire of Fashion, was a distinguished race
horse in England, where, at three years old, he was sold
for 2,000 guineas to the Duke of Cleveland, after having
run third in the race for the Derby of one hundred and
one subscribers. He was foaled in 1829 by Catton, out
of Emma by Whisker, and the blood of Hermes, Pipator,
Sir Peter, Penelope by Trumpator and Prunella by High-
flyer flowed in his veins. His brother, Mundig, won
the Derby of 1835 against a field of one hundred and
twenty-eight subscribers. Through the dam of her
grandsire. Sir Charles, Fashion was also descended from
Citizen, Pacolet, Regulus, Crab, Cade, Makeless, Snake,
Shark, Fearnought and others. Her pedigree through
Sir Archy is too well known to have more than mere
attention called to it here. Coming upon the turf in
1840, Fashion easily won a two-mile heat sweepstakes
at Camden, N. J., and a similar race at Trenton, N. J.,
both in October of that year. In 1841, she won four out
of the five races in which she started, and after her famous
race with Boston in 1842, entered upon a long and

82

THE AMERICAN TURF

brilli;int career. She was trained for all her early engage-
ments by Samuel Laird, and was ridden by his son,
Joseph Laird, who was then considered the best jocl<ey
of the North. She died in 1861.

When Mr. Richard Ten Broeck was in England,
engaged in his campaign against the champions of the
Hnglish turf in 1856, and several years after, he made
many purchases of thoroughbreds from the English
stables. Prominent among his acquisitions was the bay
colt Phaeton by King Tom out of Merry Wave by Storm,
the latter being a son of Touchstone and Ghuznee.
Phaeton was a handsome horse, 16 hands high, with a
capital constitution, good temper and well bred. He
never, however, attained to prominence as a performer
on the turf, his achievements there not following out the
promise of his blood and his youthful form. His running
was confined to two events, once when he was a two-
year old and again in his three-year old form, and he
was beaten both times. It was believed, however, that
with the blood ot King Tom, Touchstone and others in
his veins, he should be of great value in transmitting the
qualities of his distinguished ancestors through the stud,
and with this purpose in view, Mr. Ten Broeck brought
him to the United States upon his return to this country,
and he made two seasons upon the Ten Broeck farm
near Louisville, Ky., in 1869-70.

His success was not great at the outset, however, and
he was shortly transferred to the stud of Major B. G.
Thomas, near Lexington. During the short time that he
was in the stud thereafter he got several fine race horses,
proving his exceptional value as a stallion and the emi-
nent worth of the family whose traits he transmitted to
his offspring. In the generation following his service
his stock generally proved its surpassing excellence and
became as popular as any on the turf of that period.
Besides Ten Broeck, others of his sons and daughters
attained to prominence, among them being St. Martin,
from Tokay by Yorkshire; The Nipper, from Annette by
Lexington; Aramis, from Nellie Gray by Lexington;
Patriot, from Springbrook; King Alfonso, from Capitola
by Vandal; King Pharao, from a Knight of St. George
mare; and Phoebe Mayflower, from Cicely Jopson.

Ten Broeck, one of the most famous horses that ever
graced the American turf was Phaeton's most distin-
guished son. He was foaled in 1872 out of Fanny
Holton by Lexington, his dam being also the dam of
the famous Lyttleton. His second dam was Nantura by
Browner's Eclipse, who was also Longfellow's dam.
His third dam was Inez by Bertrand, and his maternal
lineage ran farther back to Wormsley's King Herod,
Morton's imported Traveller and imported Childers.
Bred and raised by Mr. John Harper, Ten Broeck as a colt
was unpromising and gave little indication of the great
future before him. When he was two years old

he ran a race in Lexington and was placed third to
Bill Bruce and Bob Woolley. At three years old he
won the Phoenix Hotel Stakes in Lexington, but was
beaten for the Citizens' Stakes by Chesapeake and the
same year for the Kentucky Derby was unplaced. In
the autumn he was unsuccessful in the Three Year Old
Sweepstakes, but three days later won another sweep-
stakes for three-year olds, going one mile and five fur-
longs in 2 minutes, 49X seconds. After being defeated
for the Kentucky St. Leger by King Alfonso he won
the Post Stakes at Louisville, three miles in 5 minutes,
}2 seconds; the Merchants' Stakes at Nashville in two
straight heats — 3 minutes, }6% seconds, and 3 minutes,
40% seconds; and the Maxwell House Stakes, mile
heats, in i minute, 44^ seconds, and i minute, 45 sec-
onds. As a three-year old he started nine times and
won five races.

Beginning with his four-year old form, in 1876, he
had thenceforth a record of triumphant success. In
May, he won three races, including the Louisville
Cup and the Gait House Stakes, and the next autumn
won two races at Lexington and at Louisville, a purse for
two miles and five furlongs, the time being 4 minutes
and 58^ seconds, establishing the record for that dis-
tance. For the Post Stakes he ran three miles in 5 min-
utes, 26% seconds, the fastest time on record, and in
September, ran four miles against time, covering the
course in 7 minutes, 15)^ seconds, lowering the
record, which had stood up to that time at 7
minutes, 19^ seconds. During the year he won
seven out of the eight races in which he started,
and in 1877 was successful in nine out of the ten events
in which he was engaged. His greatest performances in
1877 were reducing the one mile record from i minute,
41^ seconds to i minute, 39|<| seconds and the two
mile record from 3 minutes, 32}^ seconds to 3 minutes
27^^ seconds. At Baltimore, the same season, he met
Parole and Tom Ochiltree for the Grand Sweepstakes at
two miles and a half, and was beaten by Parole. He
won, however, the Bowie Stakes, four mile heats, at the
same meeting. On July 4, 1878, occurred his sensationa\
race with the California mare, Molly McCarthy, in which
he distanced his rival in the first heat. This ended his
turf career, and he was retired to the stud, having to his
credit the fastest time on record at one mile, one mile
and five furlongs, two miles and five furlongs, three
miles and four miles. During his life upon the turf he
ran thirty races, of which he won twenty-three, having
an aggregate value of $20,505. By many old turfites he
was regarded by all odds the greatest racer of his day
and it was generally believed that, had he been carefully
handled, he never could have been beaten after he had
entered the three-year old class, and that he might have
been much longer retained in active work.

S3

THE AMERICAN TURF

Bred by General Thomas A. Wells, of Louisiana,
Lecomte was a close rival of his famous brother, Lexing-
ton, in his phenomenal achievements on the turf, and
only stood second to him in the abiding regard of the
public. He was foaled in 1850, his sire being Boston
and his dam Reel, by imported Glencoe. His grandam
was Gallopade, by Catton, his great-grandam, Camillina,
by Camillas, and his great-great-grandam a mare by
Smolensko. His pedigree went back to Turk, Starling,
Greyhound, the Curwen Bay Barb and the Lister Turk,
and through Catton, the sire of his grandam, he traced
to Florizel, Engineer, Eclipse and other great champions.
He was a half brother of Prioress, who was got by
Sovereign out of Reel. Lecomte was a rich chestnut,
with white on one hind leg, and stood 15 hands, 3
inches high. He had a stride of about twenty-three feet,
an iron constitution and a speed and bottom equal to the
best of his day.

Starting as a two-year old, in April, 1853, he defeated
Voucher, Argent and others in a sweepstake, mile heats,
in I minute, 48 ^^ seconds and i minute, 45}^ seconds.
The same year, in the autumn, he won the three-year
old sweepstakes upon the Pharsalia Course in Natchez,
Miss., defeating in two straight two-mile heats Atala,
by Ruffin, and Conrad the Corsair, by Voucher, the
time being 3 minutes, 45X seconds and 3 minutes,
46% seconds. In 1854, he ran three races, in January,
in each of which he was successful. In a sweepstakes
on the Metairie Course, New Orleans, mile heats, he
made a record of i minute, 47 seconds in each of two
straight heats. Six days later he won the Jockey Club
Purse on the same course, in two straight heats, in 3
minutes, ^4% seconds and 3 minutes, 52^ seconds,
defeating Mary Taylor and Medina, both by imported
Sovereign, and also Joe Blackburn, by imported Glencoe.
The following week he defeated a Gallatin colt in a purse
for all ages, two mile heats, in 3 minutes, 44!^ seconds,
and 3 minutes, 35 seconds. In April of the same year
he lost the Great State Post Stakes, four mile heats, to
his half brother Lexington, but seven days later
turned the tables on Lexington and startled the sporting
world by his two straight four-mile heats in 7 minutes,
26 seconds, and 7 minutes, 38^ seconds. Up to this
time the record for four-mile heats had been that of
Fashion, 7 minutes, 32^;^ seconds, which was now
beaten in this first heat by 6)4 seconds.

In the autumn of the same year he won the Associa-
tion Purse, two mile heats on the Pharsalia Course, de-
feating Joe Blackburn in 3 minutes, 47}^ seconds, and 3
minutes, 46^2 seconds for two straight heats. To close
the year he carried off the Jockey Club Purse on the
Metairie Course, two mile heats, defeating Joe Black-
burn and Gallatina by Gallatin, his time being 3 min-
utes, 56 seconds, and 3 minutes, 52)^ seconds. Frank

Forester says of Lecomte's achievements in this year
that; " no more extraordinary campaign, in point of
time, had ever been made in the United States, if else-
where, and at its termination he had a right to repose
on his laurels with the renown that his friends chal-
lenged for him, as of right, of being the fastest four-
miler in the world." The following year he was
defeated by Lexington upon the Metairie Course, being
withdrawn after the first heat. The same year he won
a four mile race at Natchez, beating Arrow in two
straight heats in 7 minutes, 55^^ seconds, and 7 min-
utes, 56X seconds, but a few weeks later was defeated
by Arrow in a three-mile heat contest. He was beaten
by Pryor twice and was then purchased by Mr. Richard
Ten Broeck, who added him to the string which he
took to England in 1856. In England he started only
once, running third to the winner of the Warwick
Cup, and suddenly ended his career on the turf by dying
from an influenza, which also carried off his stable com-
panion and rival, Pryor.

An imported stallion that had more renown after his
death than during his life was Bonnie Scotland, who
was foaled in 1853 and bred by Mr. William I'Anson.
He was a rich bay with black points and a star, and
stood a trifle over 16 hands high, a horse of great
strength and good constitution. His dam. Queen Mary,
stepped on his off front pastern when he was only a
few weeks old and so seriously injured him that it
was feared he was ruined; in tact, his lame leg oper-
ated to his disadvantage throughout life, preventing him
from achieving the success on the turf to which his great
talents undoubtedly entitled him. and also, to a consid-
erable extent, prejudicing breeders against him when he
was placed in the stud. The fact that he achieved phe-
nomenal success, even under these discouraging circum-
stances, is the strongest proof of his superiority. In
1836, he ran four races only, winning two of them, the
Liverpool St. Leger and the Doncaster Stakes. At Don-
caster, for the St. Leger, he ran a dead heat with Artil-
lery for second place to Warlock, the winner. After
that, his lameness returning, he was brought to the
United States and sold to go into the stud, first standing
in Ohio and then in Kentucky. He met with compara-
tively little favor until General W. G. Harding bought
him to take the place of Vandal at Belle Meade. His ac-
complishments there after he was nineteen years old,
give him title to a high position as a sire. Among his
most femous sons and daughters were Lobelia, Bramble,
Bushwhacker, Capitola, Quartermaster, Bathgate, Luke
Blackburn, Brooklyn, Joe Howell, Regulator and Baltic.
His get gave good report of themselves as they
began to come upon the turf. In 1875, they were win-
ners of $3,990, from which point they rapidly advanced
until in 1878 they were winners of $49,552, and in 1880

THE AMERICAN TURF

winners of $117, loo, carrying off about $45,000 more
money tlian ihe pi'odnce ol' any American sire before
that time. After deatii tlie si<eieton of Bonnie Scot-
land was presented to tlie Vanderbiit University at
Nasiiville, Tenn.

Probably no American horse ever had greater fame in
his day, or occupies a higher position in the history of
the American turf than Lexington, that greatest son of
Boston. Not only was he phenomenally successful in
defeating all the great champions of his time, and in
lowering records of the turf that hitherto had been con-
sidered almost unapproachable, but his get for fully a
third of a century constituted the very elite of the turf.
It has only been within a comparatively recent period
that his supremacy, as shown through his progeny, has
been shared by some of the more modern importations
from England and Australia. His will always be a
grand, if not the grandest figure shining forth from the
pages of American turf history, in a very large measure
the career of the American thoroughbred, since his time,
has been a history of his family in its various branches.
By far the majority of the horses that upheld the honor
of American racing in the period following the close of
the Civil War, when the turf was reconstituted and put
upon an entirely new footing, were descended from
him.

Lexington's sire, Boston, was by Timoleon, by Sir
Archy, by English Diomed. As is well known, he had
in him the bluest of English thoroughbred blood, in the
line of his pedigree being such great horses as Highflyer,
Florizel, Fearnought, Herod, the Godolphin Arabian, the
Darley Arabian, Byerly Turk, Flying Childers, and others
of the most celebrated champions of the English turf of
the eighteenth century and before. The dam of Lexing-
ton was Alice Carneal, who never attained to high dis-
tinction, save as the dam of this great horse. She was
foaled in Kentucky in 1836, and, although in one four-
mile race she ran second to Miss Foote in 7 minutes, 42
seconds, it does not appear that she ever won a race.
The sire of Alice Carneal was imported Sarpedon by
Emilius out of Icaria by The Flyer. Among the ancest-
ors of Sarpedon was Mambrino, who was got by Engin-
eer, out of a dam by Cade. The grandam of Lexington
was Rowena by Sumpter, who was by Sir Archy, out
of a dam by Robin Redbreast, who was by Sir Peter
Teazle out of Wren. Tracing the pedigree of Lexington
further, we find such cracks as Saltram, Regulus, Gray
Diomed, Medley, Wild Air, Gimcrack, Bartlett's Chil-
ders, Silvertail, Ariel, Morton's. Traveller and Selima.

As handsome a horse as appeared on the turf in his
day, Lexington was a blood bay, about 15 hands,
3 inches high, with fore and hind feet and pasterns
and a small portion of his hind legs above pasterns
white. He had a distinguished air, that gave full evi-

dence of his lofty breeding, and was remarkable for his
good temper. In action he was bold, free and full of
power, and when in good form was exceptionally dis-
tinguished for his grandeur and beauty. He was first
brought out in May, 1853, under the name of Darley,
but receiving the name of Lexington the same year,
appeared in December, 1853, in his three-year old form
in three-mile heats on the Metairie Course, New Orleans,
when he defeated Sally Waters by imported Glencoe,
distancing her in the second heat, his time being 6 min-
utes, 2y/n seconds, and 6 minutes, 243^ seconds, over a
track that was very heavy. From that time on he had
an extraordinary career, which, in every respect, has
been unequaled in the history of American turf.

In 1S54, after paying forfeit in a three-year old stake,
two-mile heats, on the Metairie Course, he won the
Great Stake Post Stake in two straight four-mile heats,
beating his half brothers, Lecomte and Arrow, both by
Boston, and also Highlander, by imported Glencoe. The
course was heavy and the time slow, being 8 minutes,
8^ seconds and 8 minutes, 4 seconds. On the. 8th of
April he was defeated by Lecomte for the Jockey Club
Purse, upon the same course, in a race that was the fast-
est that, at that time, had ever been run. As a result of
this race the rivalry between Lexington and Lecomte was
raised to a higher pitch than ever before,, and there fol-
lowed first that great match against time in which Lex-
ington ran four miles in 7 minutes, 19^ seconds, and
then the last in the trio of these sensational events when
the two great sons of Boston met again on the Metairie
Course and Lexington defeated Lecomte in a single four-
mile heat in 7 minutes, 23% seconds.

This last race with Lecomte ended the short but
brilliant career of Lexington on the turf. He started in
all in seven races, winning six of them and earning
$56,000. In 1856, Mr. R. A. Alexander, of Woodburn,
Woodford County, Ky., while in England, purchased
him from Mr. Ten Broeck, paying for him $15,000. The
noble animal was taken to Woodburn, where he re-
mained at service until his death, at an advanced age, in
1875. Although stricken with blindness soon after his
retirement, he continued to be an object of affectionate
interest to all lovers of the thoroughbred throughout the
United States, and pilgrimages from all parts of the country
were made to see hmi in his old age. When he died
he was in a stable near the house occupied by his groom,
Henry Overton, and was buried not far away. His
owner had an appropriate marble shaft placed at the
head of the grave, on which is recorded brief mention of
his victories. Lexington proved himself to be the great-
est of modern American sires; in one year alone he sired
three great horses, Norfolk, Asteroid and Kentucky.
For Asteroid $50,000 were refused, Kentucky sold
at one time for $40,000, and Norfolk, when in his

S5

THE AMERICAN TURF

racing prime, could not be bouglit for less tlian the hitter
amount.

Wagner, tlie victor over Grey Eagle in the Great Inter-
state race at Louisville, Ky., in 1839, was a son of Sir
Charles, one of the most renowned sires in America.
Sir Charles was by Sir Archy out of a dam by imported
Citizen. There is no doubt that Citizen was one of the
best race horses ever imported, for he ran until he was
fourteen years old, carrying heavy weights, most of his
races being at four-mile heats. Wagner had three
crosses of Citizen's blood coursing through his veins,
and two crosses from the rich stream of Sir Archy. At
one time Sir Charles, his sire, had more four-mile horses
on the turf than any other stallion in America. Among
the most celebrated of his get were Wagner, Andrew
and Trifle. The grandam of Wagner was by Commuta-
tion, his great-grandam by Daredevil, his great-great-
grandam by imported Shark and his great-great-great-
grandam by imported Fearnought out of Maria West by
IVlarion, who was by Sir Archy, out of a dam by
Citizen, whose dam was Ella Crump by Citizen.

Foaled in 1834, he was regarded by many as at least
the equal of any other horse in America of his day, not
even excepting Boston. He was a beautiful chestnut,
15^2 hands high, with a white blaze on his face and two
white hind feet. Early in his career he showed himself
possessed of speed, courage and bottom and was a dis-
tinguished winner. When he was three years old, just
after he had been defeated in a mile heat race, he was
bought by Colonel John Campbell, of Baltimore, who
paid $5,000 for him, an enormous price at that time for
a colt that had never won a race. Receiving the name
Wagner, he was taken to Mobile. He ran the two-mile
sweepstakes for three-year olds, beating Zerlina, Paul
Jones and others and the same week on the same course,
won a four mile purse. Next in New Orleans he won
the two-mile sweepstakes and the four-mile purse and
the following week walked over the Metairie Course for
a four-mile purse. In fact, he won everything that was
hung up all over the Southwest. In 1839, he defeated
the champion of Kentucky, Grey Eagle, twice in one
week. Subsequently run when he was in wretched
condition he was easily beaten and then was withdrawn
from the turf and placed in the stud. His owner, it is
said, realized through him in purses, stakes and outside
betting over $100,000. In the stud he proved himself
very successful in getting good race horses. Among
the best of his get were Voucher, Gallatin, Charley Ball,
Dearmond, Cordelia Reed, winner of a twenty-mile
race; Lawson, Laura Spillman, Jack Gamble, Tangent,
Nanny Rhodes, the dam of Nicholas I. ; and many others.
What is even more worthy of notice, all of his colts that
went into the stud produced winners. Two of the very
best get of the famous imported Sovereign were also of

the Wagner family, Childe Harold and Charleston, the
former out of Maria West, the dam of Wagner, and the
other out of a granddaughter of the same mare. In his
later years Wagner was owned by Mr. John M. Clay,
who had him in the stud at his historic place near Ash-
land, Ky.

Grey Eagle, upon whom the hopes of Kentucky
rested in the great race with Wagner just referred to,
and in another chapter fully described, was appropriately
named from his color, which was a fine silvery grey.
He was a son of Woodpecker, who was by imported
Dragon. His dam was Irby's Daredevil mare, his grandam
by Fearnought. Among his ancestors were Wild Med-
ley, Old Medley, imported Granby and imported Janus.
He was a horse of almost perfect symmetry, nearly 16
hands high, with a beautiful flowing tail and mane. In
his three-year old form he won two races of two-mile
heats, the first in 3 minutes, 41 seconds and 3 minutes,
43 seconds, and the other in 3 minutes, 48 seconds and
3 minutes, 44 seconds. Before his great races with
Wagner, in the second of which he broke down, he
was believed to be equal to anything in America, both
for bottom and speed.

A horse that in the fifties was held to be a fair rival of
Lecomte and Lexington was Arrow. He was a stable
companion of Lexington and in the challenge issued for
the latter in the great match against Lecomte's time of
7 minutes and 26 seconds in 1855, was named to start
in place of Lexington, in case that horse should be amiss
on the day of the trial. Such was the confidence that
Mr. Ten Broeck had in him. Arrow was another son of
Boston, got in 1850 out of Jeanneton, being, therefore, a
half brother of Lecomte and Lexington. Jeanneton was
by imported Leviathan. The grand dam of Arrow was
by Stockholder, who was by Sir Archy, out of imported
Citizen. Stockholder traced back to Old Janus, Old
Fearnought, Apollo, Silver-eye and Jolly Roger. The
Boston and Sir Archy pedigrees have been given so fre-
quently in these pages that they need here only be
referred to. Citizen was by Pacolet, out of Princess,
and traced to Young Cade, Crab and others. In the
pedigree of Arrow were also included such noted horses
as Regulus, Liberty, Imported Cassandra and the Godol-
phin Arabian.

When Arrow first appeared on the turf in the fall of
1852, he signalized his debut by taking a two-year old
sweepstakes at mile heats, beating a Boston and a Bel-
shazzer filly in 1 minute, siM^ seconds and i minute, 50
seconds. During 1853, he won three races out of the
four in which he started, twice at mile heats and once at
three-mile heats. On the Metairie Course in January, he
won mile heats, the best three out of five, the time of
the five heats that were run being 1 minute, 55 seconds,
1 minute, 55 seconds, i minute, 53^ seconds, i minute,

S6

THE AMERICAN TURF

'y'jyi seconds ;ind i minute, S7>2 seconds. On the
same course in April, he won three straight mile heats in
I minute, <y2^ seconds, i minute, 51 X seconds and 1
minute, si?4 seconds, beating Hiiariot by Glencoe and
Pickaway by Boston. On the Pharsalia Course at Nat-
chez, he won the Association Purse for all ages, three-
mile heats, beating Mary Taylor by Sovereign, Wade
Hampton by Boston and Hugh French by Glencoe, in
two straight heats, the time being "5 minutes, <yi}i sec-
onds and ^ minutes, ^3% seconds. He came out in his
four-year old shape in January, 1854, on the Metairie
Course in a sweepstakes for all ages, a single four-mile,
beating Little Flea and White Eagle, both of whom were
by Grey Eagle, his time being 7 minutes, 39 seconds.
For the jockey Club Purse, three-mile heats, over the
same course, he ran second to Blonde by Glencoe out of
Cherry Elliot by Wagner. Running in the Great State
Post Stakes in April of the same year, he met Lexington,
Lecomte, and Highlander in a four-mile heat race and
was distanced in the first heat.

In 1855, ^ftsr he was used to put Lexington to speed
in the match against Lecomte's time, he ran for the
Jockey Club Purse over the Metairie Course in April,
when he was beaten by Brown Dick, the time of the
winner in the two heats being 5 minutes, 30^ seconds
and 5 minutes, 28 seconds. Arrow gained laurels, even
though he was defeated, being not more than half a sec-
ond behind in the second heat. He next lost four-mile
heats to Lecomte in 7 minutes, 55^^ seconds and 7 min-
utes, 56^ seconds, but afterward, however, achieved
his greatest glory by defeating Lecomte himself for the
Jockey Club Purse at three-mile heats, Lecomte taking
the first heat in 6 minutes and Arrow the second and
third heats in 5 minutes, 39 seconds and 6 minutes, 3
seconds. Another one of his great victories was his
defeat of Little Flea in the Jockey Club Purse of three
mile heats on the Metairie Course. Little Flea was by
Grey Eagle, out of an imported dam by Actseon. The
first heat was won in 5 minutes, 33}^; seconds by Little
Flea, the second and third heats being carried of by
Arrow in 5 minutes, 36 seconds and 5 minutes, 4)%
seconds, the time being the best on record at three mile
heats.

One of the most famous stallions of Westchester
County, N. Y., in the fifties was imported Mango,
who belonged to Messrs. J. & A. Bathgate, of Mor-
risania. He stood several seasons at the Bathgate Farm
and was as highly esteemed as any stallion of that
period. Bred in 1834, he was imported to the United
States by Mr. Thomas Betts in 1857. He was got by
Emilius out of Mustard by Merlin. His grandam, Morell,
sister to Truffle, was by Sorcerer. His great-grandam,
Hornby Lass, was by Buzzard. No better pedigree
than his existed in the English Stud Book, for he had

crosses of King Herod, Partner, Bay Bolton, the Darley
Arabian, the Byerly Turk and Place's White Turk. He
was brother to Captain Rock, Curfew, Pickle, Preserve,
Marmalade and other good English thoroughbreds of the
early part of tHe century.

On the turf he had some important events to his
credit. He walked over for a sweepstakes at New-
market, won the Derby at Ascot and the same day won
a handicap. He was also the victor in a sweepstakes at
Ascot, beating Ratrap and others. At Stockbridge he
won a sweepstakes, and at Doncaster won the great St.
Leger from a full field. At the first October meeting at
Newmarket he won the St. Leger and at the second Oc-
tober meeting at the same place was only beaten by a
head by Velure for the Gordon Stakes, 2 miles, having
given Velure fourteen pounds. At the Newmarket
Craven Meeting he won the Claret Stakes, for which he
was a favorite, at 5 to 2. He was considered one of the
best horses of his year and second to none of the sons of
Emilius, who was the sire of no less than 520 winners.
In the stud he was also very successful, nearly all of his
get becoming winners. He was the sire of Negreta, the
best horse ever bred in Belgium. For several years after
1852 he was the property of the King of Belgium, who
paid $21,000 for him. Afterward, in 1856, he was
bought back by Colonel Blyth for the Hampton Court
Stud, and not long after came to this country. In the
United States he was not less successful than he had
been abroad and he added a valuable strain of blood to
the already existing families of American thoroughbreds,
his crosses with the purely American stock being
productive of good results.

No son of Revenue ranked higher than Ducalion.
He was out of The Queen, by imported Priam, a Derby
winner. His grandam was Delphin, by Whisker,
winner of the Derby and own brother to Whalebone.
His great-grandam was My Lady, by Comus, out of The
Colonel's dam by Delphin, and further back on the
maternal side he traced to Young Marske, Regulus, Lord
Morton's Arabian, Bay Bolton, Coneyskins and the
Byerly Turk. His dam, The Queen, was one of the
most distinguished race mares in the United States,
at all distances, from one to four-mile heats. She was
full sister to Monarch, equally distinguished, and both
were bred at the royal stud at Hampton Court. Her
grandam. My Lady, was the dam of the distinguished
English race horse and stallion, Jareed, and also the dam
of imported Passenger. My Lady's dam was also dam
of The Colonel, winner of the St. Leger, one of the most
distinguished racers and stallions in England. On the
whole, the pedigree of Ducalion was remarkable for its
richness and ranked among the best to be found in the
English Stud Book.

Ducalion was a horse of fine proportions, taller than

87

THE AMERICAN TURF

his sire, Revenue, and his grandsire Trustee, more than
two inches taller than imported Medley and those re-
nowned English stallions, Trumpator and Whalebone,
and more than five inches taller than the famous four-
mile horse, Gimcrack. Some brilliant performances on
the turf were to his credit. In October, 1856, he ran a
race of two-mile heats over the Fairfield Virginia Course
in 3 minutes, 52^^ seconds, and 3 minutes, 56 seconds,
beating a field of four others. In the December follow-
ing he beat Sally Roper in a match of two-mile heats, in
3 minutes 59)^ seconds, and 4 minutes 4 seconds. His
best two-mile heat was at Fairfield, Va., in May, 1857,
3 minutes, 50 seconds. Over the Newmarket Course, at
Petersburg, Va., he won the Jockey Club Purse, three-
mile heats, beating Engineer and Franklin on a heavy
track, in 5 minutea, 57J^ seconds for each of the two
heats. He stood in the stud of Colonel Nathaniel A.
Thompson, of Ashland, Va., and was very successful.

Pryor, who was held to be a worthy representative of
the American turf, when Mr. Richard Ten Broeck ini-
tiated his English campaign in 1856, and who was one
of the principal members of Mr. Ten Broeck's string,
was a son of imported Glencoe. He was got in 1852,
out of Gypsey, own sister to Medoc by American
Eclipse. His grandam was Young Maid of the Oaks by
Expedition; his great-grandam Maid of the Oaks by
Spread Eagle; his great-great-grandam by Shark; and
still further back his grandams were by Rockingham,
True Whig, Gallant, Regulus and Diamond. His great-
grandsire, Expedition, was by Pegasus, out of Active by
Woodpecker, and through this line of descent he traced
to Eclipse, Makeless, Herod, the Lonsdale Arabian, the
Darley Arabian, the Byerly Turk, Place's White Turk,
the Godolphin Arabian, and other heroes of the English
turf Through Spread Eagle, who was the son of Vol-
unteer by Highflyer, the blood of Engineer and
Cade coursed in his veins. Through others of his
ancestors, his descent was from Marske, Marlborough,
Partner, Morton's Traveller, Greyhound, White Turk,
imported Fearnought, Regulus, the Darley Arabian, the
Godolphin Arabian, Herod, Hercules, Crab, Hautboy
and others. His pedigree was one of the best of any
American thoroughbred, being traced in all its different
lines to English horses of.unimpeachable character.

Curiously enough, little seems to have been known
about Pryor until he was brought out in his two-year
old form. His color was a dull chestnut and he was a
solidly built, compact animal. After he went to Eng-
land, the question of his age was raised by some of the
turf authorities there and a considerable controversy
ensued, but in the end it was satisfactorily established
that he was at that time in his fourth year. The posi-
tion taken by the English turfmen and turf writers in
regard to this matter occasioned a great deal of unfavor-

able comment at that time, as being scarcely sportsman-
like. In the end, affidavits from the owner, breeder,
trainers and others, who were familiar with Pryor's
history, were necessary before the suspicions of the
English turfmen could be allayed. As a two-year old,
Pryor made his debut on the Metairie Course at New
Orleans, when he was entered for the Picayune Stakes,
mile heats. Upon this occasion he met La Dame
Blanche by Voucher out of Lady Jane by imported
Leviathan, and Melody by Voucher out of Music. He
won the race in the second and third heats, his time
being i minute, 50 seconds, and i minute, 56^ seconds,
the first heat being taken by La Dame Blanche in i min-
ute, 50 seconds.

At the same meeting he ran for a sweepstakes, mile
heats, against Minnow by Voucher out of Dolphin by
Leviathan; Bundle and Go, out of a Medoc dam; Mary
Bertrand by Glencoe and Belshazzar by Pacific out of
Laura. The pace of this race was too hot for him, the
winner. Minnow, making the two final heats out of the
three in i minute, 46}^ seconds, and i minute, 48)^
seconds. In the autumn of the same year he was again
defeated by Minnow for the Jockey Club Purse, two-
mile heats, for three-year olds, the time of the two
heats being 3 minutes, 43 seconds, and 3 minutes, ^6
seconds. A month later, in December, he ran two-mile
heats in 4 minutes, 13 seconds, and 4 minutes, 17
seconds, beating Corinne by imported Glencoe and Red
Ox by Pat Galway. In the spring races, on the Phar-
salia Course, in Natchez, in i8ss, he was put up against
Lecomte. Little was expected of him, for his defeats by
Minnow, in the previous year, had seemed to indicate
that he was not a horse of superior form. He had
begun to develop considerable fleetness, but, on the
whole, was regarded as a rather desperate chance in
attacking so formidable a rival as the renowned Lecomte,
with the 7 minutes, 26 seconds, record to his credit.
There was little betting on the result, and that was
mostly 100 to 20 and 100 to 15 on Lecomte.

The race was four-mile heats, and the track was
very heavy. Both horses were in the pink of condition.
When the first heat was started Pryor led off, but soon
fell back two or three lengths behind his rival, maintain-
ing that place until the last half mile of the heat, when,
by a terrific bust of speed, he passed Lecomte and ran
home at a pace that could not be challenged, winning
the heat by fully a clear length. The time for the heat
was 7 minutes, 47 seconds, the different miles being
covered in 2 minutes, i minute, 57 seconds, i minute,
58 seconds, and i minute, 52 seconds. Now he was
backed heavily at even to win, and the result of the
second heat justified this new confidence in him. The
second was almost a repetition of the first heat, save
that it was faster. Pryor lay back until the last half of

88

THE AMERICAN TURF

the fourth mik-, then made his dash and came in an
easy winner. The time of the heat was 7 minutes, 44)^
seconds, the time of the first two miles being each, 1
minute, 56 seconds, the third mile 1 minute, 58 seconds,
and the fourth mile i minute, 54 seconds. One month
later, over the Metairie Course, he again beat Lecomte
in three-mile heats, winning the second and third heats
in s minutes, 59^ seconds, and 6 minutes, 12 seconds.
In June, i8s6, he contested the Jockey Club Stakes
of the Fashion Course, on Long Island, four-mile
heats, with Floride by Wagner, winning in two
straight heats, upon a heavy track, in 8 minutes,
17^ seconds, and 8 minutes, 19 seconds, his best
time for a mile being the fourth mile of the second
heat, which he ran in 1 minute, 56;^ seconds. In July
of the same year he was taken to England, where he
died before he was able to show what he might have
been capable of there.

After the death of the great Lexington, imported
Leamington stood at the head of thoroughbred stallions
in America. He was bred in England by Mr. W. Hal-
ford. He was got by Faugh-a-Ballagh, his sire being a
son of Hercules and Guiccioli and the winner of the
Doncaster St. Leger and Cesarwitch Stakes in 1844.
His dam was by Pantaloon out of Daphne by Latirel.
Leamington made his first appearance on the turf in
1855 as a two-year old, winning the Woodcote Stakes
at Warwick. After several unsuccessful runnings at
other meetings he carried off the Chesterfield Stakes at
the Derby meeting. In his three-year old form his first
race was in the Epsom Derby, for which he had been
heavily backed, but he was beaten by Ellington. He
won the town plate at Warwick and the Stewards' Cup
at Shrewsbury, and was beaten in six small handicaps.
For the Chester Cup of 1857 he started second favorite in
a field of thirty-five horses and won with the greatest
ease. At Ascot he was not placed for the Gold Cup
that was won by Skirmisher, but at Goodwood, with
the tremendous odds of 100 to 3 against him and carry-
ing 118 pounds, he won the Goodwood Stakes, two
miles and a half, from a field of eighteen, among whom
were Fisherman, Gunboat and Pretty Boy.

In his five-year old form he ran unplaced for the
Cesarwitch Stakes at Newmarket and did not appear
again until he was entered for the Chester Cup of 1859,
when he was six years old. He started first favorite at
5 to 1 in a field of thirty-three starters, among them
Prioress, Fisherman, Roman Candle, the winner of the
Goodwood Stakes the year before; Rogerthorpe, winner
of the Goodwood Cup in 1856; Polestar, Underhand and
many other good horses, and won in a canter by two
lengths. At Ascot, for the Queen's Gold Vase, he was
second to Schism, and, at Goodwin, ran unplaced to The
Promised .Land for the Cup. This was his last race, for

he soon after broke down in his training and was sent to
the stud. For five years, beginning with i860, he stood
at Rawcliffe's stud paddocks, near York, but was not
regarded as a successful stallion, owing, doubtless, to
his powers having been overtaxed in his early turf
career. Among others of note whom he sired in Eng-
land were Coup d'Etat, Catalogue, Bella, Lady Sefton,
Leicester, Bolero, Rebecca, Variation, Esmeralda, Scipio,
Haymaker and Percussion.

In 186'j, Leamington was purchased by Mr. R. W.
Cameron, of the Cliiton Stud, Staten Island, N. Y., who
paid $7,875 for him. His first season was spent in Ken-
tucky at General Abe Buford's farm, Bosque Bonita. Dur-
ing this season he got twelve foals, among them those
great racers, Longfellow, Lynchburg, Lyttleton and En-
quirer, whose subsequent careers were as brilliant as those
of any American thoroughbreds of this generation. Lyttle-
ton and Enquirer were respectively out of Fanny Holton
and Lida, both of whom were Lexington dams. His next
three seasons were spent at Staten Island, where he was
not very successful, Eolus, Elsie and Inverary being the
best of his produce. In the fall of 1869, Mr. Aristides
Welch, of Chestnut Hill, near Philadelphia, purchased
him and proceeded to breed him largely to the best
daughters of Lexington, believing that therein lay his
greatest value as a stallion. His get matured early and
developed the rare speed that made him so formidable
in his four-year old form. Among the most famous of
his progeny were Reform, Netty Norton, Ida Wells,
Aristides, Rhadamanthus, Lelaps, Bob Woolly, Parole,
Faithless, Pappoose, Iroquois, Girofle, Onondaga, Lucifer
and Mineola. He died in 1878, very unexpectedly, at
the age of twenty-five. He was a horse of great size,
standing 16 hands, 2 inches high and of a dark brown
color.

Another example of the value to be derived from
the union of the newer Australian blood with the older
Lexington and Glencoe has been seen in Spendthrift.
Foaled in 1878 by Australian out of Aerolite, Spend-
thrift had as good blood as any, even the most famous,
American thoroughbred could boast. Australian, son ot
West Australian and Emilia, and Aerolite, daughter of
Lexington and Florine by Glencoe and Melody, gave
him crosses of the greatest American and English pedi-
grees. He traced to Matchem in the paternal line and
had the blood of Herod and Eclipse, as well as that of
later ancestry of the foremost rank. It has been said
of him that he "was one of the best race horses ever
stripped on this continent and one of the finest specimens
of thoroughbred horses' ever foaled." As a two-year old
he won in every event in which he was started. In
his three-year old form he won the Belmont and the
Lorillard Stakes and the Champion Stakes at Monmouth
Park. His victory for the Lorillard Stakes was one of

89

THE AMERICAN TURF

the finest ever seen for that event, in the field of eleven
which he defeated being Harold, Monitor, Magnetism,
and others. For the Travers and the Kenner Stakes he
was beaten by Falsetto. Purchased by Mr. James R.
Keene, he was sent to England, but was not successful
there, although he was started for the Cambridgeshire.
Being returned to this country, he was relegated to the
stud after he had run several races. He has been more
famous through his get than through his own perform-
ances. His most celebrated get have been Kingston,
Lamplighter, Pickpocket, Speedwell, Lazzarone, De-
faulter, Prodigal, Golden Reel, Speculation, Bankrupt
and Stockton. In 1893, sixty-two of his sons and
daughters started in 1,055 races, being first in 113, and
in the following year fifty of his get started in 652 races,
of which they won 83.

Son of Eolus and War Song, the bay horse St. Saviour
had in his pedigree, on both the paternal and the mater-
nal lines, some of the most acceptable thoroughbred
blood. His dam, War Song by War Dance, was also
the dam of Eole, Eolis, Eola and Eolo. Through War
Dance, by Lexington out of Reel, he had the famous
Glencoe-Gallopade cross. Through Faugh-a-Ballagh,
— the sire of Leamington — and Birdcatcher, — the sire of
imported Knight of St. George, who was the sire of his
second dam,. Eliza Davis — he had the great double cross
of Eclipse. His third dam, Melrose, transmitted to him a
strain of the good Melbourne blood. St. Saviour was
foaled in 1881 and bred by Colonel R. J. Hancock, of
Virginia. As a three-year old he ran four races, of
which he won three. For the Emporium at Sheepshead
Bay, I Ys miles, he was second to Rataplan. He won
the Barnegat Stakes at Monmouth Park in 2 minutes, 40
seconds, beating Duchess, Bob Miles and Himalaya, and
also carried off the Raritan Stakes in 2 minutes, 1 1 J4
seconds. This ended his career on the turf, and he was
retired to the stud, where he has produced such winners
as Zobair, Gilead, De Bracy and Monita.

Three horses that made the greatest stir in the racing
world toward the close of the Civil War were the three
sons of Lexington, Kentucky, Norfolk and Asteroid.
Kentucky was bred at Ashland by Mr. John M. Clay.
He was out of Magnolia, a daughter of the famous
Glencoe. When he was two-years old, in October,
1863, he won his first race at Paterson, N. J. In the sum-
mer of the following year he met and was defeated by
his half-brother and rival, Norfolk, in the Derby Sweep-
stakes, ij'2 miles. He was sold to Mr. John F. Purdy,
and afterward became the property of Mr. W. R. Travers.
Few horses ever had a more brilliant career on the turf,
and for many years he defeated every competitor against
whom he was matched. In later years he was sold to
Mr. Leonard W. Jerome for $40,000, and then became
the property of Mr. August Belmont. In October, 1867,

he was backed to run against time, four miles in 7
minutes and 20 seconds, carrying 120 pounds. The
trial took place October 17 of that year, in the presence
of 20,000 people, at Jerome Park, and the noble stallion,
who was badly ridden, failed in his attempt by \\%
seconds.

Norfolk, got by Lexington, was out of Novice, another
daughter of Glencoe. After defeating Kentucky in 1864
he was taken to California by his owner, Mr. D. D.
Withers, and there won greater triumphs than he had
achieved in the East. His contests with Lodi, who was
a son of Yorkshire, were among the most brilliant racing
events ever known in California, and even attracted the
attention of sportsmen in the East and in England. At
the first meeting of these two great horses at the Union
Park, Sacramento, September 18, 1865, Norfolk was suc-
cessful in winning a race of two-mile heats. Five days
later the two horses again met and then occurred one of
the most terrific struggles ever recorded in the annals of
the turf. The first heat was won by Norfolk in the
unprecedented time of 5 minutes, 27,^^ seconds, with
Lodi closely lapped upon his quarter. Norfolk also won
the second heat in 5 minutes, 29^4 seconds, Lodi gaining
upon his competitor as he came down the homestretch,
with the right forefoot spurting blood at every stride.

The third of these remarkable half-brothers was
Asteroid out of Nebula, another daughter of Glencoe.
He was bred by Mr. R. A. Alexander, of Woodburn,
and first distinguished himself on the turf by defeating
Loadstone at Louisville, running the first mile of the
second heat of a two-mile race in i minute, 44 seconds.
Discussion as to the relative merits of Kentucky and
Asteroid was very animated among horsemen, and in
time assumed the proportions and character of the
historic thoroughbred controversies between the North
and South in the earlier part of the century. In this case
it was again the South against the North, and in 1866
Asteroid came to Jerome Park, where he was entered
for the Inauguration Stakes in September of that year.
Kentucky had been entered for the same race, and
expectation and speculation ran high over what promised
to be one of the great racing events of the period.
People came from all parts of the country to New York
to witness the contest, and large amounts of money were
staked upon its outcome. Unhappily, however, dis-
appointment was in store, for before the date fixed for
the race. Asteroid in a trial gallop in the mud sprung a
tendon and broke down. His career as a racer thus
having been brought to an end, he returned to the West
and entered the stud.

One of the romantic incidents of the Civil War per-
tained to the attempted carrying off of Asteroid from the
Woodburn Farm. The guerillas, as well as the regular
troops of the two contending armies, all had an affection

90

THE AMERICAN TURF

for the horses of Kentucky that was particularly mani-
fested by their selection of thoroughbreds whenever they
could lay hands upon them. A company of raiders
seized Asteroid and made off with him. The owner
and his friends followed in hot pursuit, and overtaking
the guerillas, entered into negotiations for the return of
the animal. With arms in hand a tinal treaty was
arranged, by virtue of which the son of Lexington was
released in exchange for two other horses that were of
good quality, even if they lacked the family distinction
and the pedigree that pertained to the choicest and most
valued denizen of the Woodburn stable. At the time
when Asteroid was carried off the artist Troye was
engaged in painting his portrait, and his principal
grievance at the guerillas was because of the interruption
of his work. After the recovery of the horse this por-
trait, in which his trainer, old Ansel, and his jockey,
Brown Dick, are introduced, though on a reduced scale,
with the quaint idea of not detracting from the superior
importance of the animal, was completed and for years
remained the property of the Alexander estate.

Foaled in 1867 by imported Leamington out of Lida,
by Lexington, Enquirer was one of the great stallions of
the last quarter of the nineteenth century on the Ameri-
can turf. Among his ancestors were many of the
eading thoroughbreds of England and America.
Through Leamington, as has been set forth on a
preceding page, he traced to the great cracks of the
English turf. The pedigree of Lexington, the sire of his
dam, is familiar to every one at all acquainted with the
history of the turf. Lize, his maternal grandam, was a
daughter of the famous American Eclipse, son of Duroc,
and her dam was Gabrielle A., daughter of Sir Archy
and Calypso. Neither Lida nor Lize were ever trained,
but Gabrielle was a good race mare and was the dam of
the great four-miler, who defeated Reel and Hanna, the
best four-mile heat racers of their day. Bred at the
Bosque Bonita Stud of General A. Buford, Enquirer first
bore the name Louisville, but afterward received the
name of Enquirer, in honor of the Cincinnati newspaper
of that name. As a two-year old he won a single race
out of the three in which he started. The following
season, 1870, he won all the events in which he took
part, six in number, among them being the Phoenix
Hotel Stakes, the Robins Stakes, two-mile heats, in 3
minutes, 56^^ seconds, 3 minutes, 54)^ seconds, and 4
minutes, beating Kingfisher ; and the Kenner Stakes,
two miles, in 3 minutes, 48^ seconds.

His first appearance in the East was in the race for the
Continental Hotel Stakes at Monmouth Park, when he
defeated Maggie B. B., Susan Ann and Lynchburgh. In
the autumn of this year he broke down while in training
and was retired to General Buford's stud. In 1879, he
became the property of General Harding and was added

to the Belle Meade Stud. His success in the stud was
remarkable. During the eighteen years from 187^ to
1893, his get won $s66, 174. Several of his daughters
became the dams of distinguished race horses. His
daughter, Mannie Gray, was the dam of Domino; End-
less was the dam of Boundless, who won the American
Derby, i V2 miles, in 2 minutes, 36 seconds, defeating
Clifford, Ramapo, Don Alonzo and St. Leonard; Exile
was the dam of La Grande and others of his daughters
threw Correction, Saxony and others. Enquirer was
also the sire of Inspector B., Falsetto, Egmont, McWhir-
ter, Lizzie McWhirtrer, Getaway, Harkaway, Pinafore,
Reporter, Little Phil, Caligula, Enigma and numerous
other good ones. Falsetto, Inspector B. and McWhirter
were the best of his get. Through Falsetto his mem-
ory has been perpetuated in this generation by Dew-
drop, Rupert, Fordham, Portchester, Counter-Tenor and
others.

Longfellow, son of Leamington and Nantura, rivaled
even the immortal Lexington in popularity. Through-
out his long and brilliant career he was the equine idol
of the United States, and was elevated to a pinnacle of
admiration, such as it has been the fortune of but few
thoroughbreds to attain, either in this country or in
Europe. To this day old turfmen and even those who
have had no more than the merest acquaintance with
the race course, hold him in fond remembrance. His
sire, who contested with Lexington the honors of the
stud in this country a third of a century ago, endowed
him with the best equine blood of England. His dam,
Nantura, was by Brawner's Eclipse out of Quiz. Braw-
ner's Eclipse was a son of American Eclipse, by Duroc,
and out of a daughter of Henry and Young Romp.
Quiz was a daughter of Bertrand and Lady Fortune,
Bertrand being by Sir Archy out of Eliza, while Lady
Fortune was by Brimmer out of Woodpecker's dam. It
has been pointed out that his pedigree is full of those
"old-fashioned, hard - bottomed American crosses
founded on early importations, and is one of the most
thoroughly American pedigrees in existence, being full
of four-mile crosses." In the person of Brawner's Eclipse
was united the blood of those great rivals, American
Eclipse and Sir Henry, and with them four crosses of
Diomed and two of Messenger. Nantura was bred by
Mr. A. J. Holton, of Kentucky, in 1855, and was a first-
class performer on the turf, being particularly successful
in winning two-mile heats. In the stud she produced
Fanny Holton by Lexington, Exchange by Endorser,
Longfellow by Leamington, Germantown by Planet and
other good ones. She died in 1873.

Longfellow was foaled in 1866. He was a handsome
brown horse, 15 hands, 3 inches high, with a large blaze
on the face and both hind fetlocks white. He was not
graceful in motion, but had a lengthy stride and, when

91

THE AMERICAN TURF

fairly extended, his style was evenytliing tliat could be
asked for. Few horses on the turf were more easily
managed, or had a more agreeable disposition, which
probably accounts to some extent for the high esteem in
which he was held by the public. In his three-year old
form he ran five races, winning three of them, the Pro-
duce Stakes at Lexington, two-mile heats, in 3 minutes,
4^4 seconds, and 3 minutes, 44 seconds; the Ohio
Stakes at Cincinnati, two-mile heats, in 3 minutes, 37^
seconds, and 3 minutes, 55W' seconds; the City Stakes
at Nashville, Tenn., two-mile heats, in 3 minutes, 41^
seconds, and 3 minutes, 41 seconds; the Post Stakes at
Memphis, Tenn., two-mile heats, in 3 minutes, 40X
seconds and 3 minutes, 40 seconds. The next year he
was first in five races and second in one, his successes
being a two-mile heat race at Lexington, Ky. ; the Mon-
mouth Cup race at Long Branch, two and one-half miles,
in 4 minutes, 41^ seconds; the Saratoga Cup race, in
Saratoga, two and one-quarter miles, in 4 minutes, 2%
seconds; the purse race at Saratoga, two and three-quar-
ter miles, and the Jockey Club Purse race at Lexington,
Ky., two-mile heats, in 3 minutes, 38^ seconds, and 3
minutes, 41^ seconds.

In 1872, he won four out of the five races in which he
started, including the Monmouth Cup at Long Branch,
two and one-half miles, in 4 minutes, 34 seconds ; and the
jersey Jockey Club Purse, mile heats, in i minute, 56^
seconds; i minute, 54 seconds, and i minute, 43^ sec-
onds. His victory over Harry Bassett for the Monmouth
Cup established his reputation as a great racer more
firmly than ever before, and that was followed by the
smashing race for the Saratoga Cup, which has been
called "one of the most savage struggles in racing
annals," and out of which he came a wreck. Entering
the stud in 1873, this great son of Leamington produced
in the first season Leonard, Oddfellow and Lady Salyers;
Leonard won the Saratoga and Nursery Stakes as a two-
year old. Other of his famous progeny have been Edin-
burgh, Long Taw, Irish King, Thora and Leonatus.

Served in England, Babta, the dam of Glenelg, foaled
her colt in this country the following season. She was
imported along with Leamington, and Glenelg was
dropped at Mr. R. W. Cameron's breeding establish-
ment on Staten Island, N. Y., in the early spring of 1866.
Citadel, the sire of Glenelg, was a large, handsome horse
by Stockwell out of Sortie, who was out of Escapade,
daughter of Touchstone and Ghuznee, winner of the
Oaks in 1841. Babta was a small bay mare, bred by Sir
J. B. Mill in 1858, and never achieved a record on the
turf She was sold by Mr. Cameron to Mr. August
Belmont, afterward became the property of Mr. Pierre
Lorillard, and was shot as useless in 1882. Glenelg was
bought as a yearling by Mr. Belmont and made his
debut in 1869 in a match race of one mile with Mr.

Leonard W. Jerome's filly Rapture, winning the race
with ease. His career from that point on was one of
brilliant success and it was at one time said of him
that "his record proves him to be the best imported
horse which has run upon the American course." He
met the greatest performers of his time and was gener-
ally successful.

In 1871, Glenelg appeared eighteen times, winning ten
races, coming in second four times and third three times,
being once unplaced. This was the year of such great
performers as Helmbold, Hamburgh, Preakness, Judge
Curtis, Vespucius and others, and yet Glenelg held his
own with the best of them. Breaking down in 1872, he
was sold to Mr. M. H. Sanford, for the North Elkhorn
Stud, the sum of $10,000 being paid for him, with the
mares Ulrica and Finesse thrown in. He made his first
season in 1873, and some of his progeny became dis-
tinguished performers on the turf. Chief among them
were Danicheff out of Salina, General Philips out of La
Polka, Herbert, who was first called Tom Plunkett, Ada
Glenn out of Catina, and Belinda out of Madam Dudley.
Glenelg was a blood bay, without a speck of white, with
black points, and stood a little more than 16 hands high.
He was a large, heavily built horse, and his produce
have been distinguished for strong constitutions, stout
bodies and a generally handsome blood-like appearance.

Luke Blackburn, who was probably one of the fastest
horses that the world has ever seen, ranked in his day
with Lexington, Cremorne, Gladiateur, Longfellow, Hin-
doo and others of that class. He had to his credit some
of the most remarkable conquests in modern turf annals,
and that, too, in the face of discouragements and mis-
fortune that might easily have proved his ruin. Foaled in
1877, he was the son of imported Bonnie Scotland, dam
Nevada. The pedigree of Bonnie Scotland has been else-
where given in these pages, where it is shown that his
blood was of the best that the English thoroughbred
could boast. Nevada, who was one of the greatest
daughters of Lexington, was out of Lightsome, her dam
being by imported Glencoe, and out of Levity, the par-
ents of the latter being imported Trustee and the dam of
the famous Vandal. Luke Blackburn was bred at Ken-
nesaw, the establishment of Captain James Franklin. He
was not a promising yearling, either in size or appear-
ance, and, in fact, was an object of ridicule by many
who saw him. When he was a year old, he was sold
to Mr. James T. Williams for $510, and in the following
spring was put into regular training, and to the surprise of
everybody developed extraordinary speed. It was when
he indicated this pronfising future that he was named
Luke Blackburn in compliment to the Governor of Ken-
tucky.

As a two-year old he ran thirteen races and won only
two, which somewhat dampened the ardor of those who

92

THE AMERICAN TURF

had placed great faith upon him. He was probably
overworked, and thus lost his speed, and also had to
contest with some very fast and experienced ones. The
Messrs. Dwyer Brothers next came into possession of
him, and he was put into training in Louisville, but fell
into ill health, so that his training finally had to be prac-
tically abandoned. In the single race that he ran, the
Phcenix Hotel Stakes, at the Lexington Spring Meeting,
he came in third to Fonso and Kinkead. When he was
brought on to the spring meeting at Jerome Park that
year he was still unpromising, but won five races under
favorable conditions, beating such horses as Checkmate,
Monitor and others. Beginning with the first meeting
at Sheepshead Bay, he achieved distinguished success,
his victories including the Tidal Stakes in i minute, 45
seconds, the Coney Island Handicap in 2 minutes, 24)^
seconds, the Ocean Stakes in 2 minutes, 3}^ seconds,
the All Aged Stakes, the Grand Union Prize, the Kenner
Stakes and two short-distance purses at Saratoga; later
at the autumn meeting, at Sheepshead Bay, he won the
Great Challenge Stake and the Long Island St. Leger,
and then at Louisville won the Kentucky St. Leger and
the Great American Stallion Stakes. Altogether during
the year he ran twenty-four races, winning twenty-two
of them and carrying off $46,975. In only one instance
was he beaten by a horse whom he did not afterward
defeat; that one was Fonso, whom he never chanced to
meet a second time. He became a great favorite on the
turf, perhaps no horse, except Longfellow, attaining to
such a high degree of popularity with the public at
large. After being withdrawn from the turf he was put
into the stud at General Jackson's Belle Meade Farm.

During one brief season Monarchist trailed in the dust
the colors of his half brother, the great Harry Bassett.
His name will forever stand high on the list of the
greatest sons and daughters of Lexington, challenging
interest and admiration with Idlewild, Asteroid, Nor-
folk, Kentucky, Harry Bassett, Duke of Magenta and
others. The dam of Monarchist was Mildred, whose
f;imily in its various branches transmitted some of the
best blood in America. The grandam of Mildred was
the dam of Vandal and Alaric, while her dam. Levity,
was also the dam of such famous horses as Runic, by
Sovereign, Lightsome by Glencoe, and Lever and
Legatee, by Lexington. Mildred was a bay mare bred
in 1856 by the Honorable W. A. Dudley, of Kentucky.
She was never seen upon a race course, but was sent to
the stud when two years old.

Monarchist was bred at the Woodburn establishment,
and was sold as a yearling to Mr. M. H. Sanford for
$1,900, having been foaled in 1868. In his three-year
old form he started out by winning the Handicap for all
ages, mile heats, at Monmouth Park, in August, 1871,
in I minute, 50 seconds, i minute, 52^ seconds, and 2

minutes, 2 j4 seconds. His other successes of this season
were the Annual Sweepstakes at Jerome Park, two miles,
in 3 minutes, ^}}4 seconds; the Grand National Handi-
cap, at Jerome Park, two and one-quarter miles, in 4
minutes, 9 seconds, and the Post Stakes, all ages, at
New Orleans, two-mile heats, in 3 minutes, 53)^
seconds, and 3 minutes, 49^^ seconds. During this, his
first season on the turf, he ran eight races, being first
by the post in four, second in three and unplaced in
one, winning $10, 360. The following year he ran nine
races, in eight of which he was successful, winning
$13,550, and being third in the remaining race. He
started out by winning a one and one-half mile race at
New Orleans, in 2 minutes, 44%! seconds, following
this by taking the Metairie Cup, two and one-quarter
miles, in 4 minutes, 12 seconds; the Grand Inaugural
Post Stakes, at New Orleans, two-mile heats, in 3
minutes, 39 seconds, and 3 minutes, 44 seconds; the
Louisiana Stakes, at New Orleans, two-mile heats, in 3
minutes, 44^^ seconds, and 3 minutes, 40 seconds, and
the Mansion House Stakes, at Monmouth Park, two and
one-half miles, in 4 minutes, 47^ seconds. Then came
his two famous victories over Harry Bassett, at Jerome
Park, three miles, in 5 minutes, 34^^ seconds, and four
miles in 7 minutes, 33/'2 seconds. He closed the season
by winning a three-mile race at Baltimore, in 'the slow
time of 6 minutes, i^ seconds.

While in training for the spring meeting, at Jerome
Park, in 1873, he broke down and was removed from
the turf Entering the stud, he was successful there for
the next ten years. His death occurred in 1883. Among
his most successful progeny were Monarch, Aristocrat,
Frankie B., Experiment and Marchioness. Although he
was on the race course only two seasons, he left a
reputation of being one of the best race horses of the
decade in which he appeared. He was a blood bay with
star and snip, and stood 15 hands, 3 inches high. One
of his most striking features was his close likeness
to his more famous fiither. Indeed, so conspicuous was
this that he was called a Lexington of Lexingtons. In
the stud he transmitted some of the best qualities of the
Lexington blood to his descendants.

Foaled in 1873, Mollie McCarthy, who died in 1883,
was during the ten years of her life one of the foremost
favorites of the turf in California. Her sire was Monday,
son of Colton, who was by Lexington, out of Topaz by
Glencoe, Topaz being out of Esmerelda by Leviathan.
The sire of Leviathan was Reubens by Buzzard out of
the dam of Alexander, her dam being a daughter of
Highflyer, Herod's best son, while Alexander was a son
of the great Eclipse. Mollie Jackson, the dam of Mon-
day, was by Vandal. The dam of Mollie McCarthy was
Hennie Farrow by Shamrock out of Ida, who was by
imported Belshazzar out of Madam Bosleyby Sir Richard

93

THE AMERICAN TURF

Tonson, one of the four famous brothers of the celebrated
Tonson fomily of Tennessee. Mollie McCarthy was a
remarkably handsome horse, muscular, and with all the
marks of her high-bred origin. Taken to California,
she was eminently successful on the turf there, defeating
all the best horses against whom she was engaged and
pushing herself rapidly to the front as a popular favorite.
Finally having swept everything before her, the California
turfmen came to believe that she had developed a speed
that would give her the right to try conclusions with
the best horses of the East, even as she had defeated
the champions of the Pacific coast. Coming East in
1878, she was matched to run against Ten Broeck in
that famous race of four-mile heats at Louisville, that
resulted so disastrously for her. She was beaten to a
standstill and the outcome of the match, as well as the
manner in which it was projected and conducted, was
for a long time the subject of a great deal of unpleasant
controversy, especially on the part of many who believed
that it had not been fairly managed. The same season
she tried for the Cup at Minneapolis, but was unsuc-
cessful.

Returning to the Pacific coast, she renewed her suc-
cessful career the following spring by beating Mark L.
and Mattie Moore in a race for 1 X miles. Then she
crossed the Rocky Mountains again and at Chicago won
the Garden City Cup, beating a field of twelve starters.
She ran away from the entire field and won the race in
a canter, having left the others behind her before she
had reached the end of the first mile. She carried 1 1 3
pounds and covered the course, 2>^ miles, in 4 minutes,
2 seconds. In the field on this occasion was every cup
winner of any standing in the Mississippi Valley. Her
time for this distance is one of the best records that
stands to the credit of cup events. Bramble had a lower
record when he captured the Baltimore Cup in 4 minutes,
i^ seconds, and Fortuna won the Louisville Cup in 4
minutes, i^ seconds. After this victory in Chicago,
the California mare was matched to meet Bramble, but
while she was in training her leg failed her and she was
retired from the turf During the five seasons that she
was racing she ran sixteen times and was only twice
defeated, the first time in the four-mile heat race with
Ten Broeck, at Louisville, and the second time by Gov-
ernor Neptune for the Cup at Minneapolis. In dashes at
from i/'2 miles to 3 miles, she was regarded as almost
invincible. After she was taken from the turf she spent
the remaining years of her life at the Santa Bonita Ranch
of her owner, Mr. E. J. Baldwin, and there she died
after having produced several colts of distinction.

During the early seventies no horse in America was
more widely known or had a more distinguished repu-
tation than Preakness. He had a notable career on the
American turf, achieved triumphs in England and finally

came to an unfortunate end. Bred by Mr. R. A. Alex-
ander, at the Woodburn Stud, in 1867, he was a son of
Lexington by Bayleaf, who was by Yorkshire. Among
his full brothers were Bayfiower, Baywood, Bayswater,
Bayonet, Beacon and Niagara. He was purchased by
Mr. M. H. Sanford, as a yearling, but did not appear
upon the track until in his three-year old form, and even
then ran only once, at the first fall meeting of the Mary-
land Jockey Club at Baltimore, when he captured the
Dinner Party Stakes, which was then the first time run
for, and for which he had been specially trained. He was
a horse of strong constitution and great power, but re-
quired careful training and handling. His winning of the
Dinner Party Stakes, which was worth $18,500, and,
with the exception of the Bailie Peyton Stakes, was the
richest ever run in America, established his reputation at
once.

In his four-year old form he won three races out of the
seven in which he was started, the Westchester Cup and
the Maturity Stakes at Jerome Park, and the Pimlico
Stakes at Baltimore. As a five-year old he started nine
times but succeeded in winning only twice. When he
came out in 1873 he was able to win the Long Branch
Stakes and the Manhattan Jockey Club and Grand Na-
tional Handicaps at Jerome Park. The following year,
when he was seven years old, he was entered in seven
races and won four. His last season in his native land
was in 1875. He started in by winning the Baltimore
Cup at Pimlico Park in the spring of that year and then
was taken to Saratoga, where he was specially prepared
and entered for the Saratoga Cup. There he was called
upon to contest with a field of six of the greatest cracks
of that period. Springbok, Olitipa, Grinstead, Aaron Pen-
nington, Rutherford and Wildidle. The previous year
he had fought stubbornly with Springbok for the cup,
and the second meeting of the two was looked upon as
likely to be one of the sensational events of the year.
Expectation was not disappointed for, in this trial, the
race resulted in a dead heat between the two after one of
the fiercest struggles ever known to the turf, and in the
fastest time ever recorded for a Saratoga Cup race.

Although eight years old at that time Preakness
showed such remarkable power and almost youthful
vigor that Mr. Sanford decided to take him to Europe as
the principal member of the string which he hoped
would carry his "dark blue " to victory on many a field
in the Old Country. The turf career of the old stallion,
was, however, at an end. His performances in England
were only a source of grievous disappointment to his
owner and admirers, and gave the English turfites
another opportunity to declaim against the American
thoroughbred. Although started several times, he suc-
ceeded only in walking over for the Brighton Cup, his
best performance being third place to New Holland and

I
1

94

THE AMERICAN TURF

Temple Bar for the Goodwood Cup. Being withdrawn
from the tuif, he was purchased by the Duke of Hamil-
ton, who set great store by his form and for a few years
he did good service in the stud, getting several excellent
performers, particularly Sweets and Fiddler. Finally he
developed a violent temper, so that it was difficult to
manage him, and his owner had him shot.

A famous daughter of Lexington was Nevada, a bay
mare, bred by Mr. A. J. Alexander, of the Woodburn
Stud, and foaled in 1869. She was out of Lightsome by
imported Glencoe, and nothing further than the mere
statement of the Lexington descent is needed to show
the superb quality of her blood. She did not run as a
two-year old, but in her three-year old form won two
out of the five races in which she was engaged, her
most important success being the West End Hotel
Stakes at Monmouth Park, for which she defeated,
among others, Mr. McGrath's Jury. In the autumn of
the same year at Baltimore she won the three-year old
sweepstakes at one mile, beating Sue Ryder and im-
ported Buckden. When the season of 1873 opened she
began by winning mile heats at Nashville, and then ran
three races at Monmouth Park, in each of which she was
defeated. Showing a lame leg her turf career was
abruptly brought to an end and she was sent to the
stud.

As a brood mare she was eminently successful, trans-
mitting to her progeny the best qualities of the Lex-
ington and other great families from which she was
descended. In 1874, she produced the bay filly
Nova Zembla by imported Glengarry. In 1876, she
threw the bay filly Emma Cooper, also by imported
Glengarry. In 1877, she produced the bay colt, Luke
Blackburn by Bonnie Scotland, in 1878, the bay colt
Greenland, and the following year the bay filly Green
Age, both by imported Glengarry. Her most successful
sons were Luke Blackburn and Greenland, especially
the former, who developed into one of the greatest
race horses of this generation. Nevada was of medium
size, I'^yi. hands high, of fine proportions, and as hand-
some a mare as was ever seen upon the course or in the
stud.

A famous son of Enquirer, Falsetto, who was foaled
in 1876, cut a considerable figure during the years that
he was upon the turf, and his get have also been
distinguished performers. His dam was Farfaletta,
daughter of Australian and Elkhorn. Thus he had
numerous crosses of all the great thoroughbred families,
his sire transmitting to him the blood of Leamington and
Lexington and their progenitors, while his dam gave him
the blood of the Australian, Melbourne, Emilius, Lexing-
ton and Glencoe stock. His grandam, Elkhorna, was
by Lexington, out of Glencona, who was by Glencoe.
Falsetto did not start as a two-year old, but when he

came upon the turf in the ensuing year he swept the
course, being only once beaten, and then by Lord
Murphy for the Kentucky Derby. His winning races
were the Phoenix Hotel Stakes, in 2 minutes, 8^
seconds; the Clark Stakes, in 3 minutes, ^oyi seconds;
the Travers Stakes, in 3 minutes, 9X seconds, defeating
Spendthrift, Harold, Jericho and Dan Sparling, and the
Kenner Stakes, in 3 minutes, 39^ seconds, defeating
Spendthrift, Jericho, Monitor and Harold. After the close
of his three-old career, Mr. Pierre Lorillard purchased
him and added him to his English stable. In the Old
World, however, he never came to the track, but break-
ing down in preparation, was returned to the United
States and entered the Woodburn Stud. As a sire he
won a reputation second to none in his generation.
The list of high-classed performers that he produced is
long and imposing. His most celebrated get were Dew-
drop, Rupert, Fordham, Gascon, Patron, Portchester,
Frontenac, Counter-Tenor, Miss Dixie, Pearl Song and
Bright Phoebus. In 1895, forty-three out of fifty-six of
his get that started were winners.

Toward the end of the decade just preceding the Civil
War Planet, by Revenue out of Nina by Boston, was
the hero of many exploits, and was considered by ex-
perts to be the best race horse that had been run in
America since Lexington had left the turf. Planet was
of the same blood as Alice Hawthorne, the queen of
the turf in her day, nearly, if not quite, the best race
mare that was run in England forty years and more ago,
and the dam of Thormanby, a Derby winner, both Planet
and Alice Hawthorne being descended from Eclipse,
Diomed and Lottery. In his veins Planet also united the
blood of Timoleon and Sir Charles, the two great sons
of Sir Archy. His great achievement was in defeating
Congaree and Daniel Boone for a $20,000 sweepstakes
on the Fashion Course, Long Island, in September, i860.
In February of the following year he met Albine on the
course in Charleston, S. C, in a four-mile heat contest
and was defeated in two straight heats, although up to
that time he had been deemed by many invincible at
that distance. The time of the two heats was 7 min-
utes, 36^3 seconds and 7 minutes, 42^2. seconds.

Planet belonged at that time to the Messrs. Doswell,
of Virginia. Albine, who was a four-year old, was by
Jeff Davis, out of a dam by imported Monarch. Her
pedigree was unexceptionable. She was got by Jeff
Davis, out of a dam by imported Monarch, out of im-
ported Eliza by Filho-da-Puta, and represented through
her sire the best blood of South Carolina, Bertrand, Bert-
rand, Jr., Hero and Jeff Davis. Hero, the sire of Jeff
Davis, was one of the finest horses ever upon the South
Carolina turf. Albine was bred by Colonel James Fer-
guson and was a chestnut, 1 s hands, 3 inches high, with
a streak of white in the face and a little white on the

95

THE AMERICAN TURF

near hind foot. In her four-year old form she beat
Nicholas I. a two-mile race, and the same year defeated
Exchecquer in a three-mile race and won the Puryear
Stakes, three-mile heats, beating Fanny Washington, an-
other very fast one, over a track that was covered with
December mud and snow.

Harry Bassett was foaled in 1868 and bred by Mr. A.
J. Alexander, of the Woodburn Stud. He was one of
the most famous sons of Lexington. His dam was
Canary Bird by imported Albion; his second dam
Penola by imported Ainderby; his third dam imported
Sweetbriar by Recovery; his fourth dam Priinrose by
Comus; his fifth dam Cowslip by Cockfighter; his sixth
dam Brown Javelin by Javelin; his seventh dam Young
Maiden by Highflyer; his eighth dam Maiden by
Matchem ; his ninth dam the celebrated Pratt mare by
Squirt and his tenth dam, Lot's dam by Mogul. His
third dam, Sweetbriar, was imported in 1838 by
Colonel Lucius J. Polk, of the Ashwood Stud, Ten-
nessee, who also imported Ainderby, the sire of Penola,
his second dam. Canary Bird was also the dam, by
Lexington, of the celebrated Charlie Howard, better
known, perhaps, as Brother to Bassett.

As a two-year old, Harry Bassett made his first
appearance upon the turf when he finished third in the
race at Saratoga in July, 1870. The next month he won
the Kentucky Stakes, one mile, beating Buckshot, Susan
Beane, Aureola, Idaho and others in i minute, 51^ sec-
onds. At Jerome Park, the same year, he won the
Nursery Stakes in i minute, 49X seconds. At Balti-
more, he won the Supper Stakes, distance, one mile,
beating Madam Dudley, in i minute, 49'X seconds. He
began his third year in good fashion by winning the
Belmont Stakes at Jerome Park in 2 minutes, 56 seconds,
defeating Newport, Tubman, Monarchist and others, and
at Long Branch, in July, he won the Jersey Derby in 2
minutes, ^2ji seconds, defeating Monarchist, Idaho,
Wanderer and others. At Saratoga he won the Travers
Stakes in 3 minutes, 21^ seconds, and the Kenner
Stakes in 3 minutes, 35^ seconds. At Jerome Park, for
the Champion Stakes, he again defeated Monarchist and
others in 3 minutes, 54^ seconds. At Baltimore, the
same year, he had a walkover for the Reunion Stakes
and beat Preakness and Telegram, two and one-half
miles, in 5 minutes, 41 X seconds. At the same place,
in the same month, he beat Humbold for the Bowie
Stakes in two straight four-mile heats in 7 minutes, 54^
seconds and 8 minutes, 3/^ seconds.

During his fourth year he defeated Lyttleton for the
Westchester Cup at Jerome Park, two and one-quarter
miles, in 4 minutes, 18^ seconds; was defeated by
Longfellow for the Monmouth Cup at Long Branch; de-
feated Longfellow at Saratoga; defeated Lyttleton at
Saratoga,- three miles, in 5 minutes, 43^ seconds; was

defeated by Monarchist, for the Maturity Stakes, in 5
minutes, 34^^ seconds, and was also defeated a second
time by Monarchist. As a five-year old he had many
reverses, running second, third or unplaced to such
horses as Joe Daniels, Hubbard, Wanderer, Preakness
and Crockford, but he won the Handicap Sweepstakes
at Jerome Park in 3 minutes, 39^ seconds, and at Balti-
more beat Shylock, Warlike, Dick Jackson and others.
In 1874, he was scarcely more successful than in 1873,
being defeated in several races by such horses as
Countess, Grinstead and Balankeel. He then retired
from the turf and went into the stud, where he got colts
of high form and good speed. He died in October,
1878.

Imported Phaeton, the sire of the great Ten Broeck,
left two other sons of merit. King Alfonso and St. Martin.
Bred in 1872 by Mr. Warren Viley, near Midway, Ky.,
King Alfonso was out of Capitola, a bay mare by Van-
dal, her dam being a Margrave-Mistletoe mare. Capitola
was own sister to General Abe Buford's colt, Versailles.
In his two-year old form, in 1874, King Alfonso was en-
tered in two races, in both of which he ran unplaced.
In 1875, he won the Kentucky St. Leger, two miles, at
Louisville, in 3 minutes, 34 J^ seconds; the Tobacco
Stakes at Louisville, mile heats, in i minute, 44>-2 seconds
and I minute, 45^2 seconds; the Gait House Stakes, at
Louisville, two-mile heats, in 3 minutes, 34 seconds, 3
minutes, 40% seconds and 3 minutes, 49 seconds, and
the Link Hotel Stakes, at Nashville, mile heats, in i
minute, 45 seconds and i minute, 47^ seconds. In
three races he beat the great Ten Broeck and was
regarded as the best three-year old in the West. He
was expected to accomplish wonders in the follow-
ing season, and was entered for all the leading stakes
and cup events of the East. It was thought that he was
a sure winner for the Westchester Cup, but before he
had a chance to come out at the first meeting of the
season, he broke down- and was withdrawn from the
track. Placed in the stud, to succeed Lexington and
Planet at Woodburn, he became the sire of some of the
great horses of the next generation. His most famous
son was Foxhall, who won honors for his country in
France and England. Others of his get were Grenada.,
Fonso, Quito, Telemachus, Golden Gate, Kate Creel and
Vera.

Few, if any, fillies that have ever appeared upon the-
American turf have been the superior of Thora, and, by
many competent judges, she was even considered to
have been without a rival. At long intervals, both in
England and America, fillies have appeared that were
capable of holding their own with the better class of
colts. In England the names of Eleanor, Fleur de Lis,
Beeswing, Alice Hawthorne, Crucifix, Blink Bonny,
Achievement and Jeannette, will most readily occur in

96

THE AMERICAN TURF

this connection. In America, we iiave had Beeswing,
Charmer, Sarah Bladden, Ann Watson, Salina, Nellie
Ransom, Ferida, and a lew others, but foremost among
them all will stand Thora. The daughter of Longtellow
and Susan Ann, she had both Leamington and Lexing-
ton blood, and, through her grandam, Roxana, traced
to Emilius, Priam, Worthless, Whiskey, Tranby, Black-
lock, Diomed, Florizel and others. In her pedigree
there were several crosses of Eclipse, Uuroc, Diomed,
Florizel, Messenger and Mambrino.

Bred by Mr. Henry P. McGrath, Thora was foaled in
1878, and sold as a yearling to Mr. Charles Reed. She
was a beautiful claret bay, nearly 16 hands high, and
was one of the most admired horses on the turf in
her day. She was a stout traveler and had remarkable
staying qualities, reproducing in this respect the quali-
ties of such of her ancestors as Sir Archy, Boston, Lex-
ington, Priam, Whalebone, Waxy and others. As a
two-year old, her first engagement was for the Juvenile
Stakes, at Jerome Park, at the Spring Meeting in 1880.
She failed, however, even to secure a place, and also ran
unplaced for a purse and for the Flash Stakes at Saratoga.
Her first success was for a purse at the Saratoga Meet-
ing, five furlongs, running the distance in i minute, 4J^
seconds, and defeating Bonny Lizzie, Midgely, Jewelry,
Sportsman and others. Her next winning was at the
Saratoga Second Meeting, when she carried off the Day
Boat Line Stakes, three-quarters of a mile, in i minute,
17X seconds, defeating Hindoo, Bonny Lizzie, Midgely
and others. At the Baltimore Fall Meeting, she won
the Merchants Stakes, one mile, in i minute, 44}^
seconds, defeating Crickmore and Stark, and also won a
purse at the same meeting, one rflile in i minute, 47}^
seconds. She was now regarded as among the best of
the two-year olds of 1880, being classed with Spinaway,
Barrett, Hindoo, Crickmore, Ripple and Springfield.

Opening the season of 1881 by running unplaced to
Neufchatel for the Rancocas Handicap, she won a purse
at three-quarters of a mile, at the Sheepshead Bay Spring
Meeting, in i minute, 16 seconds, beating Checkmate,
Blue Lodge, Victim, Greenland, and other good ones.
At the same meeting she won the Mermaid Stakes in i
minute, 57 seconds, with astonishing ease, beating
Spark and Aella. She then was successful for the Mon-
mouth.Oaks, again defeating Aella and Spark, \}( miles,
2 minutes, 14^^ seconds. Moving on to Saratoga, she
ran second to Checkmate for the Excelsior Stakes, but
left behind her a field that included Parole, Crickmore,
Ripple and Oden. She succeeded in winning the Ala-
bama Stakes in i minute, 59^^ seconds, defeating Bonnie
Lizzie and Brambaletta, and then had a string of triumphs
that included the winning of the Clarendon Hotel Stakes,
the Relief Stakes, and the Baden Baden Handicap at
Saratoga, the West End Hotel Stakes st Monmouth

Park, a handicap sweepstakes at the Jerome Park Fall
Meeting, and the Pimlico Stakes at the Baltimore Fall
Meeting. As a tv/o-year old, she ran eleven times and
won four races, being second twice and unplaced five
times. As a three-year old, she won eleven out of
fifteen races, being second in two, third in one, and
unplaced in one. Her winnings in the two years were
$18,485. She had no equal on the American turf over
great distances of ground, and was universally classed
with such horses as Luke Blackburn, Hindoo and Crick-
more at all distances.

From the great army of thoroughbreds that unceasingly
raced over the turf during the seventies and eighties, it
is possible to record even the names of only a compara-
tive few. Some have already been referred to upon
preceding pages, but scores and hundreds are not less
deserving of recognition or of having their deeds per-
petuated. There was Runnymede, daughter of imported
Billet and Mercedes. His dam was by Melbourne, Jr.,
out of Lady Hadaway, and through her he derived from
the Melbourne and Birdcatcher families of England, and
the Boston and Union families of America. Among
many victories that Runnymede placed to his credit was
the Tennessee Stakes and the Tidal Stakes in 1882, and
he defeated Apollo, Macbeth, Bedouin, Turco, and other
good ones. Buchanan, who won the Kentucky Derby
in 1883, was a full brother to Harry Gilmore, being by
imported Bucden out of Mrs. Grigsby, his dam being by
Wagner and Folly, daughter of imported Yorkshire and
Fury. Buchanan's winning of the Derby was some-
what of a surprise, since, in 1883, he had the discom-
forting record of running six races without winning one.

Imported Pizarro was one of the strong cards of Mr.
Pierre Lorillard's stable in 1882 and 1883. He was by
Adventurer out of Milliner, his sire coming from Touch-
stone and Emilius and his dam from Rataplan, the
Baron, Pocahontas and Birdcatcher. He was bred in
1880, and, as a weanling, was sold to Mr. Lorillard for
420 guineas. He proved in time to be one of the best
horses, either in the Old or in the New World. As a
two-year old, he made his first appearance in the Surf
Stakes at Sheepshead Bay, running unplaced to Jacobus,
and also ran unplaced in the Hopeful Stakes at Mon-
mouth Park, his second appearance. After that he
began winning, taking a purse at Monmouth Park, the
Atlantic Stakes at Monmouth Park, when he defeated
ten others, three-quarters of a mile, in i minute, i6)4
seconds, and the Red Bank Stakes at the same place, the
same distance and the same time. In subsequent years,
he won some of the most important fixtures of the
Eastern turf.

Above all else an American horse, Pat Malloy had in
his pedigree crosses of nearly all of the early families
upon which the American tun was constructed.

97

THE AMERICAN TURF

Probably few horses that have been identified with the
turf in the United States have been better or more fully
bred, or could boast of more royal lineage. His sire was
the immortal Lexington, and that gave him the crosses
of Boston, Timoleon, Sir Archy, Sarpedon, Emilius and
others. On the side of his dam his blood was none the
less potent. His dam was Gloriana, daughter of
American Eclipse and Trifle. Nothing need be said of
the strength of American Eclipse, whose career is never
absent from the mind of the student of the American
turf. Through him crosses of Duroc, Diomed, Messen-
ger and others were the heritage of Pat Malloy. Trifle,
the dam of Gloriana, was one of the most famous race
mares of her age, a daughter of Sir Charles, who was by
Sir Archy. Gloriana was bred in 1846 by Mr. John C.
Guild, of Tennessee, and while not being noted as a
racer, added to the value of the American turf by her
services in the stud.

Pat Malloy, who was bred in the Woodburn Stud,
was foaled in 1865. As a two-year old he won the
Young America Stakes, at Nashville, in i minute, 'yO}(
seconds, and in his three-year old form was highly suc-
cessful, winning a purse at Memphis, Tenn., mile heats,
best three in five, the time being i minute, 59 seconds,
2 minutes, i second, 2 minutes, 2 seconds, 2 minutes, 4
seconds, and 2 minutes, 6}^ seconds; the Senate Stakes
at Memphis, 2 miles, in 4 minutes, 8}( seconds; a purse
at Nashville, i}{ miles, in 2 minutes, \8}4 seconds; the
Southern Hotel Stakes at St. Louis, two-mile heats, the
time being 3 minutes, 44^;; seconds, 5 minutes, 44^
seconds, and 3 minutes, 50^ seconds; the Chicago
Stakes at Chicago, mile heats, the time being i minute,
47^ seconds, i minute, 48)4! seconds, and i minute, 49
seconds; and the Union Stock Yard's Purse at Chicago,
2)4 miles, in 4 minutes, 45^^ seconds. In 1870, he was
relegated to the stud and there produced Bob Miles, dam
Dolly Morgan; Charlemagne, dam Alice Buford; Reveler,
dam Schottische; Pathfinder, dam Amy Farley, and other
good ones.

Fellowcraft's principal title to fame will rest securely
upon his achievement in wresting from the immortal
Lexington the record laurel for the four mile distance,
when, in 1874, he broke the record from 7 minutes, 19^
seconds, to 7 minutes, igj^ seconds. Bred by Mr. A.
J. Alexander, of Woodburn, Ky., he was foaled in 1870.
He was a son of Australian, who was a son of West

Australian and Emilia. Through the West Australian
line he traced to Melbourne, Humphrey Clinker, Touch-
stone, and other great English thoroughbreds. Emilia,
the dam of his sire, was a daughter of Young Emilius
and Persian, Young Emilius being a son of Emilius and
Shoveler, and Persian being a daughter of Whisker
and Variety. The dam of Fellowcraft transmitted to
him the blood of Lexington, Boston, Glencoe and Medoc.
She was the daughter of Lexington, and her dam was
Florine, daughter of Glencoe and Melody, the latter
being by Medoc. As a two-year old, Fellowcraft started
in five races, but was successful in one only. As a
four-year old, he won three races, a four-mile, in 7 min-
utes, 43 seconds; a ij4 mile, in 2 minutes, 42 seconds,
and his famous four-mile against Lexington's time.
While on the turf he started in twenty-six races, being
first in five, second in four, third in five, and unplaced
in twelve. After he was retired to the stud, he sired
several good racers, among them Knight Templar, Blue
Lodge, My Fellow, Sunrock and Fanny S. He died in
1897 at the Dixiana Stud, near Lexington, Ky.

A New York horse that ranked among the very best
in his time was Alarm, who was by imported Eclipse,
out of imported Maud, by Stockwell. He was bred by
Mr. John Hunter, being foaled in 1869. First called
Flash, he was named Alarm before he appeared on the
turf in his two-year old form. His debut was in a
match race for $5,000 a side against Inverary, in which
he was the winner. In three other starts the same
season he was defeated. When he came to the post as
a three-year old he was in prime condition and went
through the season without meeting a defeat, although
he was called upon to compete with the best horses in
his class. Many of his races were won in a common
canter. Platina, who had beaten Longfellow, went
down before him, and he also beat Kingfisher, Fadladeen,
and other good ones. Great things were expected of
him in 1873, and a special match was arranged to bring
him. Kingfisher and Tom Bowling together, but in his
preliminary work he pulled up lame and was sent to the
stud. No fibster horse ever was on the American turf,
and in the twenty-one years that he was in the stud, from
1874 until the time of his death, in 1895, he became the
sire of some of the most phenomenal later day thorough-
breds, including Himyar, Gabriel, Danger, Panique,
Breeze and Isaquena.

98

RACE HORSES PAST AND PRESENT

Champions Who Have Been Famous in Modern Times — Eolus, Preakness, Monitor,

St. Blaise, Hanover and Potomac — The Great Sprinters, Salvator,

Tenny, Domino, REauiTAL, Hamburg and Others

^ N the chapter immediately preceding we have pre-
1 ) sented for the most part an account of some of the
If great thoroughbreds who were conspicuous in the
earlier periods of the American turf. The review
of the pedigrees and performances there outlined is in
itself measurably a history of the turf of the United
States for a round century. Moreover, it reveals the
foundation of the great American thoroughbred families
and shows the extent to which those early equine kings
and queens influenced not only the generations in which
they lived, but also those that have succeeded them.
Their performances, both upon the turf and in the
stud, constituted a golden equine age, and the results
of their breeding have not been surpassed in importance
at any point in the history of the country and have been
equaled only in the immediate present. The turf of to-
day still feels the effect of their achievements and
looks back with admiration upon them and their
records, recognizing them as the true founders of its
greatness.

In this chapter attention will be principally given to
the lives of contemporaneous thoroughbreds. It will be
seen that these modern champions are not less sturdy nor
less speedy than those who went before them, but are in
every way worthy descendants of worthy progenitors.
The infusion of new blood during the closing part of the
century is also brought strongly to attention, and the
effect of these recent importations from England, France
and Australia can be clearly divined from a consideration
of the lives of those that have been the result of this con-
temporaneous movement in breeding. It will also be in-
teresting to note that, almost without exception, these
newcomers trace back through innumerable crosses to
the same parent English stock as the older pioneers.
Arriving in the New World they have bred here to the
descendants of Diomed, Glencoe, Sir Archy and other
founders of the purely American families with notable
results.

Rayon d'Or came of the best thoroughbred blood of
England and France. He was bred by C. Lefevre at the
Chamant Stud, in France, in 1 876. He was a rich, dark red
chestnut, and gained his name, which means ray of gold,
from the very handsome appearance of his coat. He
was absolutely pure in color, with the single exception
of a roan star on his forehead. Standing 16 hands, jY^z

inches high, he was probably the tallest thoroughbred in
America in his time. He was foaled in 1876 by Flageolet,
out of Araucaria. His sire was a son of Plutus and La
Favorita, Plutus being descended from Orlando, Cavatina,
Planet and Alice Gray, and La Favorita through her par-
ents, Monarque and Constance, tracing to The Baron,
Poetess, Gladiator and Lanterne. Araucaria was a
daughter of Ambrose and Pocahontas, through whom
Rayon d'Or traced to Touchstone, Glencoe, Camel,
Priam, Sultan, Trampoline and other great English thor-
oughbreds. Flageolet was bred by the Count Legrange at
the Dangu Stud, France, in 1870, and his pedigree com-
bined the blood of Touchstone, Bay Middleton, Venison
and Glencoe, deriving from Glencoe, through Darkness,
who was a winner of the Ascot Stakes.

Through his dam. La Favorita, Flageolet also had the
blood of Whalebone, Defence and Catton. He was very
successful on the turf and even more so in the stud. Be-
sides Rayon d'Or he got Zut and Beauminer, French
Derby winners, Versigny, winner of the French Oaks,
and Ultima, Louvenciennes and Compte Alfred. Arau-
caria, the dam of Rayon d'Or, was a bay mare bred in
1862 by the Marquis of Exeter. Her sire, Ambrose, was
the trial horse of Stockwell, and in his private running
had remarkably good record. Araucaria was not suc-
cessful on the turf, being only one time a winner, but as
a brood mare she was surpassed by none in her class in
Europe, transmitting to her progeny all the best qualities
of the famous Pocahontas and of her ancestors for several
generations back. Among her most famous get, in addi-
tion to Rayon d'Or, was Chamant, by Mortemer. Cha-
mant, who died in 1898 at the Prussian Royal Stud at
Graditze, was one of the best race horses of his day and
a phenomenally successful sire. He raced in England in
the colors of Count Frederick de le Grange. As a two-
year old he won both the Middle Park _ Plate and the
Dewhurst Plate, and in 1877 won the Two Thousand
Guineas in a canter. He became lame shortly after this
race, which prevented him from winning the Derby and
the St. Leger, as he was far and away the best horse in
the field for both those events. A few years afterward
he was purchased by Count Lehndorff for the Prussian
Government for $20,000, which was considered a small
price. Before his death his progeny had established
themselves as among the great race horses of Europe,

99

THE AMERICAN TURF

having won over $1,000,000 in Germany, Austria and
Hungary.

Of sucli distinguisiied lineage, Rayon d'Or rivaled the
best of his brothers and sisters in the fame of his accom-
plishments. As a two-year old he began a notable career
by winning the Levant Stakes at Goodwood, and fol-
lowed this up by carrying off a two-year old sweepstakes
at Doncaster and the Clearwell and Glasgow Stakes at
Newmarket. His great successes came to him in his
three-year old form, when he won the Doncaster, St.
Leger, the Prince of Wales and the St. James Palace
Stakes at Ascot, the Sussex Stakes at Goodwood, and
the Great Foal, Select, Champion and Second Great Chal-
lenge Stakes at Newmarket. For the Derby he ran un-
placed, and came in third for the Two Thousand Guineas.
In his four-year old form he was five times at the front
in the six starts that he made, and ran second the other
time for the Hardwick Stakes, when he conceded the
winner ten pounds. His victories were the Prix du
Cadran and the Prix Rainbow at Paris, the Post and the
Prince of Wales Stakes at Newmarket, and the Rous
Memorial Stakes at Ascot. Imported in 1882 by the Hon-
orable W. L. Scott, he was placed in the Algeria Stud at
Erie, Pa., and achieved marked success as a stallion.
He was afterward owned by the Honorable August
Belmont, and stood for several years in the Nursery Stud.
His death occurred in i8q6. Among his most famous
descendants have been Tenny, Chaos, Banquet, Torso,
Tea Tray, Rubicon, Don de Oro, Octagon, Souffle and
Maurice.

During his seven years' career on the turf Freeland was
started sixty times. In thirty races he won brackets, and
twenty-one were stakes. His record was remarkable
even in a period when there were many great horses
running on the American turf. He was one of the most
notable sons of Longfellow, his dam being Belle Knight,
by Knightwood, and his second dam Kentucky Belle, by
Goodwood. He was bred by Mr. F. B. Harper, of Ken-
tucky, and afterward became the property of Mr. Ed
Corrigan, in whose colors he raced for six years. As a
three-year old he won the Phoenix Hotel, the Maiden, the
Fall City and the Louisville Stakes. In his four-year old
form he took the Cincinnati Hotel and the Louisville
Stakes. When he was five years old several important
events fell to him, including the Distillers', the Dixiana,
the Merchants', the Turf, the Boulevard, the Excelsior
and the Columbia Stakes and the Citizens' Plate. Among
his winnings in other years were the Boulevard, the
Excelsior, the Champion, the Special and the Mer-
chants' Stakes and the Morrissey Handicap. His races
with the great mare Miss Woodford at Monmouth Park,
in 188s, were classed among the stirring events in the
racing world of that year. On August 10, he defeated
Miss Woodford for the Champion Stakes, \yi miles, and

eight days later defeated her again for the Special Stakes,
I % miles. The result of these two victories brought
about another match for $2, 500 a side between the two
horses, with $2,500 added by the Monmouth Park Asso-
ciation. This time Miss Woodford won by a head. A
month later the two met again in a sweepstakes for all
ages, \}( miles. Modesty, Monogram, Richmond and
Bersan also contesting, and Freeland won in a canter by
four lengths in 2 minutes, 8 seconds. After his turf
career was ended he stood on the farm of Mr. George
Wright, near St. Louis, Mo., where he died in December,
i8q6.

Bramble, whose most celebrated get are Ben Brush,
Clifford, Somnambulist and Little Bramble, was a son of
imported Bonnie Scotland and Ivy Leaf. His sire, the
son of lago and Queen Mary, had a pedigree that is given
on another page and that traced back through many
crosses to the most aristocratic equine blood of England.
His dam. Ivy Leaf, was by imported Australian, son of
West Australian and Emilia, Ivy Leaf's dam being Bay
Flower, daughter of Lexington and Bay Leaf. Bramble
was bred by General W. G. Harding at the Belle Meade
Stud, and was foaled in 187s. Beginning his turf career
in his two-year old form, he was started seven times,
and won the Young America Stakes at Nashville and the
Saratoga Stakes at Saratoga, being second twice and
third twice. He entered upon his three-year old career
by running for the Withers Stakes at Jerome Park,
being defeated by Duke of Magenta in i minute, 48 sec-
onds. During this season he won the Maxwell House
Stakes at Nashville and the Great American Stallion
Stakes at Louisville. As a four-year old he achieved a
wonderful success, starting in twenty races, fifteen of
which he won. His victories included the Baltimore
Cup, the Ocean Stakes, the Monmouth Cup, the Saratoga
Cup and the Brighton Cup. His important victory as a
five-year old was the winning of the Centennial Stakes
at Nashville. The following year he was started only
once, when he ran second to Ferida in a heat race at Bal-
timore. Retired to the stud, he sired, in addition to his
sons already mentioned, Biggonet, Bryson, Brambleton,
Rambler, Woodruff, Wightman and Jack Murray.

In Eolus, who was foaled in 1868, and who died in
1897 at the Ellerslie Stud, in 'Virginia, was united the
blood of two great thoroughbred families, that of im
ported Leamington and the more purely American, rep
resented by Revenue. The sire of Eolus was imported
Leamington, and his dam was Fanny Washington, by
Revenue, out of Sarah Washington. Through his dam
he had four distinct crosses of Sir Archy, and traced to
Eclipse and Herod through collateral branches. Revenue,
who was a son of Trustee and Rosalie Somers, was a
stallion of singular beauty, symmetrical in form and
proud in his carriage, and was successful, both on the

THE AMERICAN TURF

turf and in the stud. He was for a long time the great-
est horse in the stable of that grand old Virginia turfman,
the Honorable John Minor Botts. The last two years of
his life were passed at Major Horner's farm, Belle Air,
near Warrenton, Va. His death occurred in 1868 from
old age. Sarah Washington, the dam of Fanny Wash-
ington, was the daughter of Garrison's Zinganee and
Stella. The Washington family was very distinguished
in its day, several of the greatest horses of the period
before the Civil War bearing the name.

Eolus, who was a dark bay with a star in the forehead
and both hind heels white, stood is% hands high. He
was bred by Major Thomas W. Doswell, of the Bullfleld
Stud, Hanover Junction, 'Va. Although put into early
training, he was not brought out until he was three years
old, when he started in six races, of which he won three.
After an entire year of rest, he came again upon the turf
as a five-year old, but was only moderately successful,
winning three out of the eight races in which he started.
The following year he carried off two out of the three
prizes for which he contested. During his turf career he
started seventeen times, being first eight times, second
once, third twice and unplaced six times. His most
famous victory was at Baltimore in 1874, when he won
two-mile heats, taking the first heat in 3 minutes, 40
seconds, and the third heat in 3 minutes, 36^ seconds,
which was a record breaker. After he was placed in the
stud, he got such champions as Hole, Eolist, St. Saviour,
Knight of Ellerslie, Eurus, Eolian, Elkwood, Eon, Diablo,
Russell and Morello.

First in order of the get of Eolus and War Song, Eole
had a long and reputable career. Foaled in 1878, he was
bred by Mr. R. J. Hancock, of Virginia. He came slowly
into condition, and his form gave so little promise that
he was not started as a two-year old. The next year he
made his debut at the Spring Meeting at Jerome Park,
and was beaten by Saunterer for the Belmont Stakes.
At Saratoga he beat Getaway, but did not accomplish
much more until, in the Dixie Stakes at Baltimore, he as-
tonished everybody by beating Barrett and finishing a
good second to Crickmore. Afterward, at Jerome Park,
he defeated Blue Lodge, and during the season added
other winnings to his credit, so that he closed with a
record of eight out of nineteen races and over $10,000 in
stakes and purses. In his four-year old form he won the
Metropolitan Stakes at Jerome Park and the Jockey Club
Handicap, 2 miles, in 3 minutes, 38}^ seconds, which
stamped him in the most decisive manner as a performer
of the first class. For the Coney Island Cup he was
beaten by Hindoo, but after that the Monmouth Cup, the
Champion Stakes, the Morrissey Stakes and the Autumn
Cup fell to him, and he succeeded to the place in
public esteem that the famous Hindoo vacated that
year after his long and imposing career. He became.

foi' the time being, the representative cup horse of
America.

The blood of the great English family represented by
imported Bonnie Scotland and that of the far-famed
American family represented by Lexington came together
again in Bushwhacker, one of the representative horses
of the present generation. Bred by the Messrs. Rice &
McCormack at the Belle Meade Stud in 1874, Bush-
whacker was a buckskin bay, with a blaze in his face
and both forelegs and the left hind leg white. His sire
was Bonnie Scotland and his dam Annie Bush, by Lex-
ington, out of Banner, the latter being a daughter of
Albion and Clara Howard. He did not make his debut
upon the turf until he was three years old, when he ap-
peared for the first time at the spring meeting in Balti-
more in 1877. His record for this season was thoroughly
discouraging, for although he started ten times, he did
not succeed in winning a single race, but was second
three times and third twice. The following year he won
only four out of the thirteen races in which he started,
being second seven times and third once, his principal
victories being the Rancocas and the Bowie Stakes.

His career in 187c) was quite as disastrous, for he ran
third and second in two races at Baltimore at the spring
meeting and then was injured so that he was not able to
appear again for two years, hi the spring of 1881, he
reappeared at Baltimore, and in the course of that season
succeeded in winning one out of the nine races in which
he started, the Morrissey Stakes at Saratoga, when he
defeated Checkmate, Boulevard and others, being his
single victory. In 1882, at the autumn meeting of the
Coney Island Jockey Club, after he had been defeated in
every race which he had run that season, he carried off
the Great Long Island stakes, defeating such good per-
formers as Glenmore, Thora, Eole and Lida Stanhope.
This event was the more interesting, inasmuch as it was
the third year of the revival of the old four-mile heats,
which were such a feature of the American turf genera-
tions before. The previous winners of this event had
been Ferida, in 1880, and Glenmore, in 1881. Bush-
whacker's time for the two heats was 8 minutes, 1%
seconds, and 8 minutes, 10 seconds, which was a very
creditable performance, even when compared with some
of the old-time great four-mile races, inasmuch as the
track was heavy and the rain was falling in torrents.
Later in the same season he won the Bowie Stakes, also
four-mile heats, over the Pimlico Course at Baltimore.

In 1891, imported St. Blaise was the grand star of the
Nursery Stud sale, when Mr. Charles Reed astounded
everybody by paying the magnificent sum of $100,000
for him. Nevertheless, as big a price as that may have
seemed for the wonderful stallion, his performances on
the turf and his record in the stud seemed to fully justify
it. In the previous year, 1890, for example, he was at

THE AMERICAN TURF

the head of the list of winning sires of the American
turf. A rich, dark chestnut, with white blaze in the face
and white upon the hind legs, St. Blaise stood i6 hands,
y^ inch high. He was bred by Lord Arlington and foaled
in 1880. His sire was Hermit, by Newminster, out of
Seclusion, Newminster being a son of Touchstone and
Beeswing and Seclusion a daughter of Tadmor and Miss
Selim. The dam of St. Blaise was Fusee, daughter of
Marsyas and Vesuvienne, her sire being by Orlando, out
of Malibran, and her dam by Gladiator, out of Venus.
Among the many crosses which have served to distin-
guish St. Blaise were those of Sir Hercules, Bay Middle-
ton, Whalebone, Eclipse, Highflyer, Canary, Partisan,
Whisker, Waxy, Sultan, Penelope, Emilius, Trumpator,
Priam, Blacklock, Gohanna, Herod, Regulus, the Godol-
phin Arabian and the Darley Arabian.

Hermit, who was a winner of the Derby and other
great prizes, was one of the best stallions known to Eng-
land in modern times. Fusee also had a long and distin-
guished career. As a two-year old she won the Chelms-
ford Nursery Handicap and the Stratton Nursery Handi-
cap, and ran second for the Nursery Plate at Croyden
and third for the Abbey Nursery Handicap. She won
nine out of the eleven races in which she started as a
three-year old, including the Nursery Cup at Chester, the
Littlejohn Stakes at Nottingham, the Welter Cup Handi-
cap at Kingsbury, the Kingsbury Handicap and the
Queen's Plate at Nottingham, at Newmarket, at Win-
chester, at Salisbury and at Chelmsford, the distance for
these last five events being from 2 to jy^ miles. In the
stud Fusee produced, to Blair Athol, Gobang, winner of
the Winchester Biennial Stakes. After throwing Friar
Rush, another good horse, she next produced St. Blaise
and then Match Girl, by Plebeian, and also Candlemas,
another full brother to St. Blaise and winner of the Epsom
Grand Prize, the Zetland Biennial and the Chesterfield
Cup.

In his two-year old form St. Blaise was started in six
races and won four, including a walkover and a dead
heat, his walkover being the Troy Stakes and his dead
heat being with Elzevir for the Malcomb Stakes at Good-
wood. He won the Stockbridge Biennial at the Bibury
Club meeting and the Newmarket Troy Stakes, and was
defeated for the Hurstbourne Stakes and the Dewhurst
Plate' at Newmarket. When he was three years old he
started out by running unplaced for the Two Thousand
Guineas, that was won by Galliard. Next taken to
Paris, he ran second to Frontin for the Grand Prix, the
victor in that event being considered the best three-year
old in Europe that year. He failed to win the great
Derby, but walked over for the Stockbridge Biennial and
the Winchester Biennial Stakes. Imported in 1885, his
career in the Nursery Stud was phenomenally bril-
liant. Among his most famous get have been Potomac,

La Tosca, Calypso, St. Florian, Chesapeake and Clarendon.

A descendant of West Australian, one of the contem-
poraneous importations who have brought so much new
and strong blood to the later development of the Amer-
ican thoroughbred, the brood mare, Maggie B. B.,
had a record that is in every way worthy of her notable
origin. On the maternal as well as on the paternal line,
she came of some of the greatest stock of the Old World.
Her great-granddam, Myrtle, was a daughter of Mame-
luke, who stood conspicuous among the famous horses
of his day, being a winner of the Derby and second for
the St. Leger. The dam of Myrtle was Bobadilla, a
famous race mare, who won the Gold Cup at Ascot and
the Drawing Room Stakes at the same place in 1828.
Myrtle was imported to the United States for breeding
purposes. She was not very prolific and threw only a
small number of foals. Her produce was generally of
good repute, however, and her daughter. Magnolia, who
served long in the stud, became one of the most success-
ful and most celebrated brood mares that have ever been
known in connection with the turf in the United States.
Magnolia's foals included several distinguished horses,
among them being Kentucky, Gilroy, Victory, Skedaddle,
Madonna, Magic, Simon Kenton, Princeton and Daniel
Boone. Her daughter, Madeline, was got by Boston only
a few months before he died.

Madeline was not a prolific brood mare, her foals being
only five in number, Maggie B. B., by Australian, who
was foaled in 1867, being her last and best. Bred by
Mr. James B. Clay, Jr., of Kentucky, the colt was named
after Miss Maggie B. Beck, daughter of United States
Senator James B. Beck. Her career on the turf as a two-
year old was limited to seven races, of which she won
three, being second in the remaining four, her most im-
portant victory being for the Young America Stakes, i
mile, in i minute, 45 J^ seconds. At Louisville she led
Lyttleton and Engineer, being defeated by Lynchburg
only by a neck, but in the contest for the Young America
Stakes she defeated Lynchburg, Hamburgh and Enquirer.
In 1870, although she ran a strong race for the Excelsior
Stakes, she was beaten by Glenleg and ran second to
Enquirer for the Continental Hotel Stakes at Monmouth
Park. Between these two failures she won the Sequel
Stakes at Saratoga, 2 miles, in 3 minutes, yj^i seconds,
doing the first mile in i minute, 49 seconds, and the sec-
ond mile in i minute, 48^ seconds. In the stud she
was bred principally to Leamington and Alarm. By
Leamington she produced the chestnut colt Lord Clive,
the bay filly Pera, the chestnut colt Magnum Bonum, the
chestnut filly Jaconet, the chestnut colt Harold, the
famous Iroquois, the bay filly Francesca and others. By
Alarm she produced Red and Blue, Panique and others.
Her fame will forever rest firmly upon the wonderful
career of her famous son, Iroquois.

THE AMERICAN TURF

Foster, who won the great four-mile heat race in San
Francisco in 1876, was a chestnut horse foaled in 1867,
by Lexington, out of Verona, by imported Yorkshire,
the dam of Verona, imported Britannia, being by Muley,
out of Nancy, by Dick Andrews. He was bred at Wood-
burn, Ky., and sold when a yearling to Mr. D. Swigert.
Not long afterward he became the property of Messrs.
Moore & Coffee, who paid $1,500 for him. When three
years old he was started for the first time on the turf in
the Belmont Stakes, in 1870, running second to King-
fisher, under adverse conditions. Next he ran third to
Kingfisher and Telegram for the Travers Stakes at Sara-
toga, and at the Jerome Park Fall Meeting won the Lorn
bard Stakes, 2 miles, beating Remorseless, Hamburgh and
Finesse. For the Dinner Party Stakes at Baltimore he
was a favorite against the field, but only finished a good
third to Preakness and Eliptic. In his four-year old form
he won eight out of the twelve races in which he started,
at various distances from a mile dash up to four-mile
heats. His last recorded race in the East was in 1872 at
the Metairie Course, New Orleans, for the club purse,
when he ran unplaced to Monarchist. He made a season
in the stud in Tennessee, and then was taken to the
Pacific Coast, where he was used in the stud and also
re-entered upon a racing career, winning several events
at mile heats, two-mile heats and three miles, hi the
California four-mile heat race he was a substitute for
Wildidle, who broke down in training, and showed that,
although aged, he still had a great deal of merit left in
him.

War Dance enjoys the unique reputation of never hav-
ing won a single race during his turf career, which, in-
deed, was limited to a solitary appearance. Nevertheless,
what he failed to achieve on the turf, he more than made
up by his service in the stud, being one of the most suc-
cessful stallions known to the Stud Book in modern days.
There was no apparent reason why he should not have
been a great race horse, as well as a great sire. Son of
Lexington, he belonged to one of the most famous fam-
ilies of American horses, and his name might well have
been emblazoned beside those of his noble kinsmen,
Harry Bassett, Kentucky, Tom Ochiltree, Duke of Ma-
genta, Asteroid, Pilgrim, Wanderer and others. He was
foaled in 1861, and was got by Lexington, out of Reel.
A gray mare bred in 1838 by Mr. J. Jackson, of Alabama,
Reel was a daughter of imported Glencoe, by Gallopade,
her dam being by Catton, out of Camillina, Gallopade
being also the dam of Fandango and Cotillion, by Levia-
than, and Waltz, Jigg, Quadrille and Hornpipe, by
Glencoe. Reel was also the dam of Lecomte, Prioress
and Stark.

Mr. A. Keene Richards purchased War Dance when
he was three years old, and his form then gave great
promise for his future. The Civil War that was

laging throughout the South prevented him from being
brought out on the turf, and a plan was arranged to send
him to England, where his brother, Starke, had just
achieved some success. The approach of the Federal
armies prevented the carrying out of this plan, and War
Dance, with others from Mr. Richards' farm, were sent
to Texas for safety. After the war he was brought back
to Louisiana, where, in 1866, he was entered for a three-
mile dash at the Crescent Course. The strain of training
after the long time that he had spent in Texas in idleness
and without proper care, was too much for him, and
when he went to the post he was already broken down.
After this failure he was taken back to Kentucky and
made his first season there in 1866. He remained in Mr.
Richards' stud until 1881, when his owner died, and he
then became the property of Mr. James A. Grinstead.
He died in April, 1881, only a few months after Mr.
Richards had passed away. Among his most famous
get were Sly Dance, Fusilade, Dakota, Auriola, Bullion
and Sachem. For many years he stood very near the
head of the list of winning sires.

Although he did not have a great reputation as a race
horse, Virgil was still possessed of very decided merit.
The few performances in which he was engaged showed
that he inherited the best qualities of his ancestors and
was capable of good deeds. When he was a three-year
old, he was started in eight races and won all except
two of them, and even then he bowed his head only to
such first-class champions as Monday and Ruthless. He
was a son of Vandal, by Hymenia. Through Vandal's
sire, Glencoe, he descended from Sultan, Trampoline,
Selim, Bacchante and Tramp, and through Vandal's dam
from Tranby, Blacklock and Trumpator. His dam,
Hymenia, was by Yorkshire, out of Little Peggy, the
pedigree of the former leading through St. Nicholas,
Moss Rose, Emilius, Sea-Mew, Tramp and others back
to the first equine families of England. Little Peggy
was by Cripple, out of Peggy Stewart, her sire being by
Medoc, out of Grecian Princess, and her dam by Whip,
out of Mary Bedford.

When in training in the spring of 1868, Virgil failed
and was put in the stud, among his get of that year
being Giri of the Period, from Nannie Butler. His suc-
cess was only moderate, however, and his owner, Mr.
M. H. Sanford, allowed him to pass from his possession
as a wellnigh worthless piece of property. A few years
later, however, Mr. Sanford repurchased him, and the
performances of his get, such as Vagrant, Virginius and
Vigil, soon established his reputation as a first-class sire,
a reputation that has increased as the years have gone
by, and his progeny have added to their victories and
enriched the records of the racing calendar. Among his
most celebrated sons have been Hindoo, Minstrel, "Vigil,
Vagrant, Virginius and Cariey B.

103

THE AMERICAN TURF

Scarcely ranked as first-class in his native England,
imported Billet nevertheless achieved a creditable reputa-
tion as a race horse, and in this country got several
meritorious sons and daughters. He was foaled in i86s
by Voltigeur, out of Calcutta. Through his sire he had
crosses of Blacklock, Whitelock, Phantom, Mulatto and
others. His dam was a daughter of Flatcatcher and Miss
Martin, the former being by Touchstone, who was by
Camel, out of Banta, and the latter by St. Martin, out of
Wagtail, being descended from Actaeon, Galina and
Whisker. Billet was bred by Mr. James Smith and
brought out in 1867, winning the Zetland Stakes at York,
the Egham Stakes at Egham, the Marcham Park Stakes at
Abingdon, a sweepstakes at Newmarket and a selling
stakes at Worcester. That was the end of his racing
career, for he was overworked. In 1869 he was im-
ported to the United States. His first season in the stud
was in 1870, and he continued successfully there for
more than fifteen years. His most famous sons and
daughters were Eva S., Ballard, Washburn and La France,
Runnymede and Barnes, out of Mercedes, and Miss
Woodford, out of Fancy Jane.

When Glenmore was foaled in 187s there were few
indications that his future would justify even moderate
expectation. He was bred by Mr. A. J. Alexander, of
the Woodburn Stud. His sire was Glen Athol, of whose
merit as a stallion there was as yet no evidence, while
his dam, Lotta, although not untried, had never yet been
successful. Glen Athol had not figured conspicuously
on the turf, and his ungainly appearance did not seem to
promise much for his progeny. Glenmore was the first
of his get, and although trained as a two-year old, did
not start. In his three-year old form he made his debut
at Nashville, and was beaten, and also failed in two
other races in which he started, one at Nashville and
another at Louisville. He was then sold to Mr. William
Jennings for $3 so, which was an advance of $175 over
the price that his former owner, Mr. Dan Swigert, had
paid for him as a yearling. The general impression
among turfmen was that Mr. Swigert had made a very
good bargain.

Glenmore's sun was rising, however, for after he
passed into the hands of his new owner, he won six
races to offset those that he lost in that season. As
a four-year old he started by running a dead heat with
Fortuna at the Louisville Spring Meeting, and then after
losing five times won a two-mile race at Chicago in 3
minutes, 37% seconds, defeating Checkmate, Blossom,
Edinburgh and Aunt Winnie. During that season he
won eleven out of the twenty-three races in which he
started. His most famous victory was for the Bowie
Stakes at Baltimore, four-mile heats, in which he took
the second and third heats in 7 minutes, 30^ seconds,
and 7 minutes, 31 seconds. As a five-year old, he ran

thirteen races and won six, and the following year won
two out of six, including the Coney Island Cup at
Sheepshead Bay, when he defeated Monitor, Parole,
Luke Blackburn and Uncas in 3 minutes, 58^ seconds.
In the first five years that he was on the turf, he ran
altogether eighty-eight races, winning forty-one of them.
Four of his races were at four-mile heats, of which he
won two, three being broken heats. His race for the
Bowie Stakes was the best then on record.

Tom Bowling was one of the best of the great race
horses of the seventies, when to be best implied trans-
cendent merit, for there were many phenomenal
thoroughbreds then on the American turf. He was
another of the celebrated sons of Lexington, his dam
being Lucy Fowler, by imported Albion, and his second
dam by imported Leviathan. He was bred by Mr. H.
P. McGrath and foaled in 1870. Trained as a two-year
old, he started in very promisingly by taking the Thes-
pian, the August and the Flash Stakes, and running second
in the Hopeful and the July Stakes. As a three-year old he
showed a vastly improved form and won brackets seven
times out of the eight starts that he made, running sec-
ond in the remaining event, for the Ocean Stakes. He
defeated Springbok in the Jersey Derby and the Jerome
Stakes, and also won the Dixie Stakes, the Robins
Stakes, the Annual Sweepstakes and the Travers Stakes.

In his four-year old form he started only four times,
but was not defeated in a single race. His best
achievement this year, and perhaps the greatest per-
formance of his life, was winning the Monmouth Cup,
2>^ miles, in 4 minutes, 42}( seconds. He also won the
Mansion House Stakes and two purse races, one at i j4
miles and one at 3 miles. After his retirement from the
turf he spent the remaining years of his life upon Mr.
McGrath's farm in Kentucky, where he died in 1897.
Like some other of the sons of Lexington, who were
noted for their performances on the turf, he was in no-
wise successful in the stud. He was a bad-tempered
horse, and his obstinacy made him difficult to manage.
Although he was one of the worst starters that the turf
knew in his time, he was thoroughly game, and when
once off never weakened until the last rod of the- race
had been run. During his career he went to the post
with the greatest of all the racers of that period, and,
sooner or later, defeated them all.

The blood of Leamington and Lexington has united in
developing some of the most celebrated thoroughbreds
known to the American turf during the last quarter of a
century and more, and Henlopen, who was bred by Mr.
H. P. McGrath in 1880, stands high on the list of those
who have reflected credit upon their great ancestors.
The sire of Henlopen was Aristides, son of Leamington
and Sarong, the latter being a daughter of Lexington and
Greek Slave, who was by imported Glencoe, out of

104

THE AMERICAN TURF

Margaret Hunter. Susan Ann, the dam of Henlopen,
was by Lexington, out of Roxana, the latter being by
Chesterlleld. out of Levia. Chesterfield was by Priam,
out of Worthless, and Levia was by Tranby, out of
Tolivia. Henlopen was a big, blood-red chestnut, with
blaze in her face, and had many of the characteristics of
appearance that distinguished Thora. So great promise
did she give as a yearling that she was sold for |2,ooo.
Her tlrst appearance as a two-year old was at the Balti-
more meeting, when she won the Clabaugh Memorial
Stakes, >3 mile, beating eight others, in =ii seconds. In
that and subsequent seasons she was very successful,
being entered in all the great events of the period and
winning many of them.

Leonatus, who won the Kentucky Derby in 1883, was ■
a son of Longfellow, out of Semper Felix, by imported
Phiieton. His second dam was Crucifix, by Lexington;
his third dam Lightsome, by Glencoe; his fourth dam
Levity, by imported Trustee; his fifth dam, by imported
Tranby, was also the dam of Vandal. His pedigree
combined crosses of Leamington, Lexington and Phaeton,
with a double Glencoe cross through Pocahontas and
Lightsome. Semper Felix, his dam, was bred in 1871,
but never was known upon the turf. In 1883, in his
three-year old form, Leonatus ran second to Cardinal
McCloskey for the Maiden Stakes at Louisville, beating
twelve others, in i minute, 22 seconds. His perform-
ance was so creditable and his appearance so promising
that he was sold to Messrs. Chinn & Morgan for $s,ooo,
and was considered one of the most likely candidates for
the Derby. In the betting he stood 8 to i and afterward
4 to I , holding rank even with Ascender as favorite. He
ran the distance in 2 minutes, 43 seconds, which, in
comparison with that of other winners of the Derby,
was not at all creditable, being, with one exception, that
of Riley, in 1890, the slowest time that has ever been
made for that event.

In Waverly, who was foaled in 1870, two strains of
latter-day English blood were united. His sire was im-
ported Australian, son of West Australian and Emilia,
and his dam was Cicily Jopson, daughter of Weatherbit
and Cestria. He was a rich brown horse, 1 5 hands, 3
inches high, and well built. His dam, Cicily Jopson,
was bred in England, in 18^9, by Mr. John Osborne, and
imported to the United States as a yearling. Coming to
this country just before the opening of the Civil War,
she never appeared upon the course, but immediately
became a brood mare. Through her sire, Weatherbit, she
was descended from Sheet Anchor and Miss Letty, and
by her dam, Cestria, went back to Faugh-a-Ballagh,
Waverly thus having a strain of the blood that was made
famous by Leamington. As a three-year old Waverly
was successful in three out of six starts, was once second
and twice unplaced. He won two-mile heats at Lexing-

ton in 3 minutes, 40>^ seconds and 3 minutes, 4s sec-
onds; a three mile sweepstake at Lexington in s min-
utes, 58^^ seconds, and the McGrath Produce Stakes
at Lexington, mile heats, the time being i minute, 46
seconds, 1 minute, 46^ seconds, and i minute, 49
seconds. While in training for the season of 1874
he broke down and went to the stud at the Walnut
Hill Farm, where he died in 1883. Among his mos,
celebrated get were Wallenstein, Lida Stanhope, Brake-
speare, Jennie V., Sir Hugh, Abbotsford, Nimblefoott
Kinkead and Talisman. His son, Wallenstein, secured a
great reputation as a two-year old on the turf of Amer-
ica, and afterward going to England, established himself
in high rank there, being ultimately considered one of
the best of the aged class.

By many competent judges imported Mortemer, who
died in 1892, at the age of twenty-seven, was regarded
as the best race horse that was ever brought across the
Atlantic to enrich the blood of the American thorough-
bred. Admiral Rous, than whom there has been no
more competent judge in this generation, said of him
when he was racing in England that he was " the best
horse in the world from 6 furlongs up to 2^2 miles." It
is perhaps difficult to fix beyond question the positive
rank of any particular horse in comparison with all his
rivals, and a sweeping, unqualified statement that one is
in every respect the best may admit of some reasonable
doubt, even though it comes from such high source as
Admiral Rous. At the same time, there is no doubt that
Mortemer was a horse of the highest rank, and, on the
whole, had no superiors and probably few equals. He
was bred by Count Frederick de la Grange at the Dangu
Stud, in France, and possessed remarkable speed and
endurance. As a two-year old he won two races, and
the following year was successful in four. When he
was taken to England, that year, his work was less sat-
isfactory, for although he ran four races there, the best
that he could do was to he second once and third once.
In his four-year old form he began to give better indica-
tion of his capacity, winning nine out of eighteen races
in which he started, at all distances and all weights,
being second seven times, third once and unplaced once.

When he was five years old he did even better, win-
ning five races out of the six that he ran on the Conti-
nent, and the only race in which he started in England,
that for the Stockbridge Cup. The following year he
was seen only on the English courses, where he won the
Ascot Gold Cup and a sweepstakes at Newmarket, being
third once and second once. He then had a reputation
that extended all over Europe, and during the Franco-
Prussian War the Prussians laid special plans to capture
him, but were frustrated in their attempts by his owner
having him smuggled across the Channel to England.
After he entered the stud he got several notable horses.

105

THE AMERICAN TURF

chief among them being Chamant, out of Araucaria, and
a half-brother to Rayon d'Or. He was brought to the
United States by Mr. Pierre Lorillard and placed in the
Rancocas Stud. Among his earlier get were Wanda,
Exile, Chimera, Unrest, Katrina, Heva and Bahama, and
the brood mares that are descended from him have exer-
cised a valuable influence that it is believed will be per-
manent.

Equally distinguished by his pedigree, his performances
and his get, Himyar occupies an important position in
the thoroughbred history of America in this generation.
His sire was Alarm by Eclipse, out of Maud. Through
Eclipse, who was a son of Orlando and Gaze, he went
back to Touchstone, Vulture, Bay Middleton and Fly-
catcher and other famous English thoroughbreds, while
through Maud he traced to Stockwell, The Baron, Poca-
hontas, The Countess of Albemarle and others. His
dam was Hira, daughter of Lexington and Hegira, Lex-
ington giving him the blood of Boston, Timoleon, Sarpe-
don. Sir Archy and imported Diomed, while through
Hegira, the daughter of Ambassador and Flight, he was
descended from Plenipotentiary, Jennie Miles, Leviathan
and others. Both his dam and his grandam were good
race horses, the latter having a record of 2 miles in 3
minutes, 34;^ seconds. His great-grandam. Flight, was
the dam of Oliver, who won three mile heats in 5
minutes, 3814^ seconds, and 5 minutes, 38>4 seconds.

Foaled in 187s, Himyar started as a two-year old by
winning the Colt Stakes at Lexington in i minute, \byi
seconds; the Colt and Filly Stakes at the same place in
I minute, 44^^ seconds, and the Belle Meade Stakes at
Louisville, Ky., in i minute, \b% seconds. In 1878, he
won the Belle Meade Stakes at Nashville, Tenn., in 2
minutes, 43 seconds; the Phoenix Hotel Stakes at Lex-
ington, in 3 minutes, 22y2, seconds, and the January
Stakes at St. Louis, mile heats, in i minute, 42)4^ sec-
onds, and I minute, 43 J4 seconds. In 1879, he won a i
mile race at Lexington in i minute, 51^ seconds, a i
mile and i furlong sweepstakes at Louisville in i minute,
56 seconds, and a 2 mile race at Louisville in 3 minutes,
33 seconds. He put four events to his credit in 1880— a
mile heat race in i minute, 42^^ seconds, and i min-
ute, 44 J^ seconds; the Merchant Stakes at Louisville in
I minute, si/i seconds; the Turf Stakes at Louisville in
I minute, S73<( seconds, and a race of i mile and i
furlong at Louisville in i minute, S4^ seconds. After
he was retired to the stud, he got many good racers,
among them being those phenomenal ones. Domino and
Correction.

Aristides, the first winner of the Kentucky Derby, in
1875, was for a long time regarded as one of the fore-
most competitors of Ten Broeck, and in the several races
in which they contended against each other, first one
and then the other was successful. Aristides, like Ten

Broeck, entered upon his turf career in 1874. His first
appearance was at Lexington, Ky., when he ran second
to Leona in a half-mile sweepstakes for two-year olds.
His successive ventures were not less promising, for
although he ran unplaced to Meco for the Juvenile Stakes
at Jerome Park, unplaced to Caroline for the Hopeful
Stakes at Long Branch, and unplaced to Willie Burke for
the Saratoga Stakes in July, he was second to Sweet
Lips for the Thespian Stakes at the Second Saratoga
Meeting in August, won a one-mile race in i minute,
46i<( seconds, and at the Jerome Park Fall Meeting in
October won a purse at five furlongs in i minute, 4J^
seconds, beating Babylon, Scramble, Holbrook and
others. After running second to James A. in a three-
quarters of a mile brush, he closed the season by win-
ning a purse for two-year olds, i mile distance, in i
minute, 44^ seconds, beating Joe Cerns, Aniella and
Holbrook.

During the following season he ran nine times. His
first winning event was the inaugural Kentucky Derby at
Louisville, in May, when he beat Ten Broeck, Volcano,
Verdegris, Bob Woolley and other good ones. Next, at
Jerome Park, in June, he captured the Withers Stakes, i
mile, in i minute, 45^ seconds, with Rhadamanthus
second and Ozark third. The Jerome Stakes at Jerome
Park, in October, 2 miles, fell to him in 3 minutes, 43
seconds, with Calvin second, Joe Cerns third and Tom
Ochiltree and others unplaced. He closed the season by
winning the Breckenridge Stakes at Baltimore in October,
2 miles, in 3 minutes, j,b)i seconds, beating Viator, Tom
Ochiltree, Joe Cerns and Bay Final. In his four-year old
form, in 1876, his only appearance was at Lexington,
where he ran two races. The first was for lyi miles,
in which he conquered Ten Broeck, after a fierce strug-
gle, in 3 minutes, 4s 5^ seconds. His second race was
for a purse, 2yi, miles, which he won in 4 minutes, 27 J^
seconds. Both these races were record-breaking per-
formances. As a two-year old he started nine times and
won three times; as a three-year old he won five out of
the nine races in which he entered, and won both of his
four-year old events, making a total of ten winnings out
of the twenty which he attempted.

Prominent position in the annals of the turf of this
generation must be accorded to Buckden, who was im-
ported from England by Messrs. Hunter & Travers in
1 87 1. He was bred in England in 1869 by Captain F.
Thompson. His sire was Lord Clifden, a St. Leger win-
ner, and his dam was Consequence by Bay Middleton,
his second dam Result by Mulatto, and his third dam
Problem by Euclid. His pedigree combined crosses of
Touchstone, Melbourne, Sultan, Catton and Emilius.
When he came to this country he was a fine two-year
old and presented a distinguished appearance. His turf
career began at Monmouth Park in July, 1871, when he

106

THE AMERICAN TURF

nin second to Malita for the Hopeful Stakes, leaving
behind him such good ones as Hubbard, Experience
Oaks and others. That was his only appearance
during that season, for he fell off in training and
was rested. in 1S72, at Jerome Park, he ran
unplaced to Ortolan in the Fordham Handicap, but
in a nine furlongs dash beat Brennus, Business, Girl of
the Period and Mimi. At Saratoga he ran a dead heat
with Grey Planet, \]4. miles, leaving Jury and Piedmont
behind.

Then he ran unplaced to Allie Hunt in a selling race;
second to Experience Oaks, beating Grey Planet, Mimi
and others; second to Hubbard, beating Nevada, and
afterward, at Jerome Park, unplaced to Sue Ryder, in a
dash of I }i miles. At the Baltimore meeting he beat Sue
Ryder,Nevada,Victoria,Wheatly and Teetotal, in i minute,
44 >^ seconds for i mile distance, and then ran unplaced
to Nevada in a free handicap and second to Joe Daniels,
mile heats. As a four-year old, in 1873, he ran third to
Business in the Peyton Stakes at Baltimore, and then
won a consolation race, in which he beat Artist, John
Boulger and Sanford at i>^ miles. After running un-
placed in the Fordham Handicap that was won by Mate,
second to Springbok, mile heats, and second to Stock-
wood, in a mile and a quarter handicap, he won the
Utica Handicap, beating Joe Daniels, King Henry and
The Moor, and closed his turf career in 1874 by running
second to Fadladeen in a free handicap at Jerome Park.
When he broke down and was retired from the turf, in
1875, he became an inmate of the Magnolia Stud and
succeeded Daniel Boone at the head of that establish-
ment. Among his get were Bend Or out of Kate
Walker, Kimball out of Meta H., Mendelssohn out of
Metella, Ascender out of Ascension, and Babcock out
of Ethel Sprague. He also sired the first winner of the
great Omnibus Stakes at Monmouth Park. He died at
the Magnolia Stud in Danville, Ky., in 1882.

Great Tom, a beautiful golden chestnut with a narrow
blaze and both hind legs white, was bred by Lord Fal-
mouth in England, in 1873. His sire was King Tom and
his dam was Woodcraft by Voltigeur. He was full
brother to Kingcraft, the winner of the English Derby,
in 1870. He was a horse of great size, standing 16
hands, 2 inches high, but was withal graceful and full
of style. In his only race as a two-year old he was
unplaced for the Boscawen Stakes at Newmarket. In
his three-year old form he secured only two out of the
nine races that he attempted, winning the Doncaster
Stakes, when he beat Coltness and Morning Star and
dividing the St. James Palace Stakes with Glacis. For the
Prince of Wales Stakes he ran second to Petrarch, and
for the Newmarket Derby third to Skylark. In his four-
year old form he ran six races, being at the head in one,
second twice and third twice. For the first race ever

run for the Great Champion Stake he was third to Spring-
field and Silvio.

In 1878, he was imported to the United States and
placed in the stud, where he achieved exceptional suc-
cess. He was the sire of General Harding, one of the
famous two-year olds of this generation. His son
Thackeray was another of his best get. Through his
sire he had some of the best equine blood in the
world. King Tom being by Harkaway out of Poca-
hontas, and being himself the sire of such cracks as
Phseton, King Ernest and King Ban, as well as Great
Tom. In the male line King Tom traced to Economist,
Whisker and others, and on the maternal line direct to
Glencoe, Sultan, Trampoline, Muley and others. Through
his dam Woodcraft Great Tom traced to Voltair, Veni-
son, Blacklock Mulatto, Partisan and others. He was
also directly descended from the immortal Mandane,
who was the dam of Lottery, Manuella and Altisidora.

Famous alike on the turf and in the stud, the long and
creditable career of Hindoo has given that stallion a high
place in the American Stud Book. A bay colt, 16 hands
high, he was bred by Mr. Daniel Swigert. His sire was
Virgil, by Vandal and Hymenia, and through him he
traced to Glencoe, Yorkshire and others. His dam was
Florence, daughter of Lexington and Weatherwitch, the
latter being by Weatherbit. In his two-year old form he
started out in the most brilliant manner. His engage-
ments were on the courses of the South and West, and
there he won seven . races before he met with a reverse.
Then he lost two events and was withdrawn from the
turf for the rest of the season, having established his
reputation as one of the greatest two-year olds of his
generation.

His successes were the Colt and Filly Stakes at the
Lexington Spring Meeting, ^ of a mile in 1 minute,
17^ seconds; the Alexander Stakes at the Louisville
Spring Meeting, yi mile in 50 seconds; the Tennessee
Stakes at the same meeting, ^ of a mile in 1 minute, 16
seconds; the Juvenile Stakes at the St. Louis Spring
Meeting, 3^ of a mile in i minute, 17^ seconds; the
Jockey Club Stakes at the same meeting, i mile in i
minute, 44 seconds, and the Criterion Stakes at Chicago,
^ of a mile, in 1 minute, 1 s seconds. At Chicago he
ran third for the Hotel Stakes and second for the Day
Boat Lake Stakes. In 1 881, he began by winning the
Blue Ribbon Stakes at the Lexington Spring Meeting,
1 % miles, in 2 minutes, 38 seconds, and then carried off
the Kentucky Derby at Louisville in 2 minutes, \oyi sec-
onds, and the Clark Stakes, i % miles, at the same meet-
ing, in 2 minutes, loj^ seconds. His defeat of Eole for
the Coney Island Cup, in 1883, was his last appearance
upon the turf. After that event a special match
between the two champions was arranged, but before
it could come off ' Hindoo went amiss and was

107

THE AMERICAN TURF

retired to the comfort of the stud, which he had well
earned.

A son of Hindoo, and also the sire of Hamburg, Han-
over has had an unexampled career. Bourbon Bell, his
dam, was out of Ella D. , by Bonnie Scotland. The pedigree
of Bonnie Scotland, through lago, Queen Mary, Don lohn,
Gladiator and others, has been already given on another
page of this volume. Ella D. was a daughter of Vandal
by imported Glencoe, and her dam, Falcon, was by
Woodpecker out of Ophelia. Bred in 1884, Hanover,
in his two-year old form, carried off the Hopeful, the July
and the Sapling Stakes at Monmouth Park. The follow-
ing year, as a three-year old, he started in twenty-seven
races, of which he won twenty, his principal victories
being the Brookdale Handicap and the Brooklyn Derby of
the Brooklyn Jockey Club, the Withers and the Belmont
Stakes at Jerome Park, the Swift, the Tidal, the Spend-
thrift and the Emporium Stakes, and the Coney Island
Derby, of the Coney Island Jockey Club, and the Loril-
lard, the Stockton, the Barnegat and the Stevens Stakes
at Monmouth Park.

He showed phenomenal speed and endurance, and was
so far superior to others in his class that he practically
carried everything before him. One of his best races
was the winning of the Emporium at Sheepshead Bay,
when, carrying 128 pounds, he ran i>^ miles in 2 min-
utes, 35^ seconds, defeating Dunboyne, Oneko, Stock-
ton and others. Going stale after he had taken fourteen
races, he lost the Raritan Stakes at Monmouth Park,
being defeated by Laggard on a heavy track. After that he
won the Champion, the United States Hotel, the Second
Special, the Breckenridge and the Dixie Stakes. He con-
tinued to be a great winner as long as he was on the turf,
and after he was placed in the stud got some of the best
race horses of the present day. In 1894, the record of his
progeny led that of all other sires. Thirty-two of his
get started in three hundred and forty-eight races, being
first in eighty, second in fifty-two, third in forty-two,
and unplaced in one hundred and forty-seven. The
largest winners were Handsome, The Commoner, Hand-
spun, Urania and Hessie. In 1897, he again headed the
list of winning stallions, chief among his get being the
great Hamburg.

Monitor was bred at the Preakness Stud by Mr. M. H.
Sanford in 1876, and was for a long time one of the
most reliable horses in the stable of Mr. George L. Loril-
lard. He was a son of imported Glenelg out of Minx,
who was by Lexington out of Levity by imported
Trustee, and was also a full sister to Monarchist and
Sultana. He signalized his debut upon the turf as a two-
year old by winning at Monmouth Park the first race in
which he started. After running second to Harold for
the July Stakes, he won again at Saratoga, but meeting
with an accident was not seen again that season. As a

three-year old he won the Excelsior Stakes at Saratoga,
beating Bramble, the Beach Stakes at Coney Island, and
the Jerome Stakes, defeating Spendthrift, who was
regarded as one of the greatest horses of that year.
Later on, for the Dixie Stakes at Baltimore, he beat Lord
Murphy, the Kentucky Derby winner, who had been
brought East for the special purpose of subduing him.
As a four-year old he became a cup winner, taking the
Coney Island Cup from Uncas and also the Baltimore
Cup and the Jerome Park Cup. Uncas, however, de-
feated him for the Westchester Cup, but before the
season was through he won, in addition to cup events,
the Elberon Handicap, the Pimlico Stakes and the Bowie
Stakes, the latter at four-mile heats.

In his five-year old form he again placed the Baltimore
Cup to his credit, and also added to his triumphs the
Monmouth Cup, the Grand National Handicap, the Long
Branch Handicap and the Navesink Handicap. When
he was seven years old, in 1883, he won the Westchester
Cup, the Long Branch Handicap, the Shrewsbury Handi-
cap and the Champion Stakes, and ran third to Eole and
George Kinney for the Monmouth Stakes, with Iroquois
behind him. In 1884, he started in twenty races, win-
ning several of them, in one of which he defeated Gen-
eral Monroe, the Suburban winner of that year. His last
race was in a handicap at Monmouth Park, in 1883,
when he ran unplaced to Euclid. During his career he
started in one hundred and seventeen races, of which he
won forty-two, being second in thirty-eight and third in
nineteen, his total winnings amounting to $61, 130. He
had a popular fame that was second to no horse in his
generation. After the close of his turf career he was
retired to The Locusts, near Eatontown, N. J., where he
died in 1893.

Strains of the great Lexington and of Glencoe gave to
Uncas pre-eminence on the turf and in the stud. His
sire was Lexington and his dam Coral by Vandal, who
was by Glencoe. His granddam was imported Cairn-
gorme by Cotherstone, a son of Touchstone, and a win-
ner of the Derby and the Two Thousand Guineas. In
his two-year old form Uncas started only three times.
He won the Kentucky Stakes, defeating Harold, Idler,
Dan Sparling and others, and ran second in the Saratoga
and the Nursery Stakes. He was one of the main
dependences of Mr. Pierre Lorillard's stable in that gen-
tleman's first venture upon the English turf, but was a
rank failure there, running unplaced for the Two Thou-
sand Guineas, the only race in which he was started.
After he was returned to this country he won five out of
the fifteen races in which he went to the post as a four-
year old, among them being the Westchester Cup, when
he defeated Ferida, Monitor and others. In six races he
was second, and only once failed to secure place.

So many noble race horses have come upon the turf dur-

108

THE AMERICAN TURF

ing' the last two decades of the centui'y that it is ahnost
a herculean task to keep track of them. Where there
were scores who distinguished themselves in the olden
times, there are now hundreds who struggle with each
other for fame and whose names crowd the Stud Book
and the racing calendar. They have won rank in turf
annals equal to the best that have preceded them, and in
the gloiy of their achievements must be placed in the
same class as the most famous of those who adorned the
race track a half century and more ago. Equally entitled
to historical recognition along with such champions as
Boston, Fashion, Lexington and others who made the
early period of the American turf so glorious, their num-
bers alone may operate to some extent to deprive them
of that fair consideration to which they are individually
entitled by reason of their work. However brilliant their
careers, it is almost impossible that they should not suffer
from being part of a large army of equally good ones.
Where many are of like distinction, the fame of a single
one may not shine so brightly as in the days when a few
held the entire front rank for themselves.

Nevertheless, the racing world will cherish quite as
fondly in remembrance the peerless youngsters of to-day
as it has long held the memory of their ancestors. If
briefer consideration must be given to them by reason of
the large numbers who equally demand attention, the
merest record of their notable careers will be sufficient to
embalm them forever in the memories of all lovers
of the turf and to give them a permanent place in
turf annals. Who can forget Lamplighter, who stood
at the head of the Rancocas Stable in 1893? He was
the son of Spendthrift and out of imported Torch-
light, the sire of Spendthrift being Australian. The
dam of Spendthrift was ^^rolite by Lexington, out of
Florine by Glencoe. Through his dam. Torchlight,
Lamplighter traced to other noted families. His grand-
sire was Speculum, son of Vedette by Voltiguer, the
dam of Speculum being Doralice by Alarm (or Orlando)
out of Preserve. Lamplighter's grandam on the mater-
nal side was Midnight by King Tom out of Starlight.

Lamplighter did not display much brilliancy in his
career as a two-year old. In one of his races at Jerome
Park, however, he electrified the crowd by a grand rush
through the stretch, coming from at least six lengths
behind the last horse and winning the race. As a four-
year old he began his work by running third in the Su-
burban. During that season, he started in sixteen races
and won ten, including a walkover at Morris Park. Pur-
chased by Mr. Pierre Lorillard for $30,000, he became a
member of the Rancocas Stable and then won seven and
lost three races. His race for the Bridge Handicap was
one of the best ever seen, as he carried 127 pounds and
ran completely away from all his opponents, covering
the 1% miles in the fast time of 2 minutes, 35! seconds.

In 1803, he was a leading favorite for the Brooklyn Handi-
cap, but was only able to run a good second to Diablo.
The same year he won the Standard Stakes, the Maturity
Handicap, the Fall Stakes and the Labor Day Stakes.

A good all-around horse that came out of the Nurs-
ery Stud was Badge, who was foaled in 1885. His
sire was imported The 111 Used, and his dam Baroness
by Kentucky, the latter being by Lexington and out of
Magnolia, by imported Glencoe. His second dam was
Lady Blessington by imported Eclipse, and his third
dam Philo by Mariner. Badge was a horse of unusual
good speed, fine action and extraordinary endurance.
He was a hard worker, and more reliable than many of
his rivals who had a more shining reputation. As a
two-year old he won the Autumn Selling Stakes at
Coney Island and other important events, beating such
all-aged sprinters as Kingston, Cyclops and others, and
winning nine out of his twenty-one starts. As a three-
year old he was started twenty-nine times and won fif-
teen races. His record in the West was extraordinarily
successful, and he swept the board there. In the East
he won the Palisade Stakes, the Cape May Handicap, the
Katonah Handicap and others. Although he was a
favorite for the Suburban of 1889, he failed even to
secure a place. His winnings that year, which were
twelve out of twenty-nine starts, included the Merchants
Handicap and the Kentucky Handicap at Louisville, the
Mid-summer Handicap and the Rahway Handicap at Mon-
mouth Park and the Racing Stakes at Coney Island. In
1890, he ran second to Castaway II. for the Brooklyn
Handicap, and that year won thirteen out of thirty-six
starts, while in the ensuing year he started thirty-two
times and won twelve times. After that he was pur-
chased by Mr. August Belmont and became again an in-
mate of the Nursery Stud.

Ramapo, who won the Suburban in 1894, was by Run-
nyemede (or Pontaic) out of Annie F. Through Pontiac, he
had in his pedigree crosses of Beadsman, Salamanco, Ad-
venturer, Weatherbit, Newminster, Rataplan and others.
Through his dam, Annie F., he traced to the Lexington,
Australian and Revenue families. He was bred by Mr. J.
O. Donner, in the Ramapo Mountains, New Jersey, whence
his name. As a two-year old he became the property of
Messrs. Gideon & Daly, and that year won the Cham-
pagne and the Dunmow Stakes at Morris Park. As a
three-year old he started twenty-four times, winning
nine races and being second in nine, his earnings
amounting to $28,07=;. His victory in the Omnibus
Stakes at Monmouth Park was his most important feat
that year.

Among the sons of imported Billet few were held in
higher esteem or were more deserving of the fame that
came to them than Sir Dixon, who was foaled in i88s.
Through his sire, who was by Voltiguer out of Calcutta,

109

THE AMERICAN TURF

he was descended from Blacklock, Flycatcher and Touch-
stone, and had several crosses of Herod. His dam was
Jaconet, daughter of imported Leamington and Maggie
B. B. Jaconet was full sister to Iroquois, and traced to
imported Myrtle and the Layton Barb mare. The fourth
dam of Sir Dixon was Magnolia by Glencoe, one of the
best producing mares of her generation. Sir Dixon was
bred at the Runnymede Stud, and ran in the colors of
Mr. G. B. Morris and afterward in the stable of Dwyer
Brothers. As a two-year old he won the Camden, the
Select and the Flatbush Stakes, defeating for the latter
Tea-Tray, Raceland and others, in i minute, 29 seconds.
In his three-year old form he defeated Raceland, Prince
Royal, Tea-Tray, Los Angeles and others, winning the
Withers, the Belmont, the LoriUard and the Travers
Stakes.

Onondaga, son of Leamington and Susan Beane, was
confined to his two-year old form as a race horse.
He started in nine races, of which he won four, in-
cluding the Juvenile, the July and the Kentucky Stakes,
and was then retired. He was a product of the
Erdenheim Stud, and was foaled in 1879. In the
stud he was remarkably successful, his get coming
to the front early in their careers and taking rank among
horses of the first class. For several seasons he stood
near the top of the list of winning sires. Among the
most celebrated of his get have been Oregon, Yum Yum,
Once Again, Onward, Ambulance and Outlook.

Hornpipe who won the ninth renewal of the Brooklyn
Handicap in 189s, defeated a field of heavily backed favor-
ites, including Ramapo and Dr. Rice. His victory was
well deserved, for he was in good form and made a good
running. Hornpipe belonged to the stable of the Messrs.
Keene, and was then a good four-year old. He was
foaled in 1891, the son of imported Mr. Pickwick and
Round Dance. Mr. Pickwick was by Hermit, out of
Tomato, the Hermit lineage tracing to Newminster,
Touchstone, Tadmor and others, while Tomato, by King
Tom and Mince Meat, was descended from Harkaway,
Pocahontas and Sweetmeat. Through his dam, Round
Dance, Hornpipe had distinctively American blood, his
grandsire. War Dance, having the Lexington, Boston and
Glencoe crosses, while his grandam. Sue Dorrity, traced
to Glencoe on the maternal line and to Irish Birdcatcher
on the paternal line.

One of the best daughters of Hanover was Handspun,
who was out of Spinaway, daughter of Leamington and
Megara, the latter being by Eclipse by Orlando, while
her dam was Ulrica by Lexington out of imported
Emilia. Foaled in 1892, Handspun was bred at the
McGrathiana Stud, in Kentucky, and sold as a yearling
for $3, soo. She made her debut upon the turf as a two-
year old by winning a purse race, at Memphis, and fol-
lowed this up by winning the Lassie Stakes at the same

meeting, and the Thora Stakes, J^ mile, in 48^4 seconds.
For the Pepper Stakes at Lexington, 4)4 furlongs, she
ran a dead heat with Lollie Easton by Bishop out of
Dublin Belle. Spinaway, the dam of Handspun, was
one of the best two-year old fillies of 1880, winning
seven out of the nine races in which she started and
coming in second in the remaining two. She won the
Juvenile Stakes at Jerome Park, the Foam and the Surf
Stakes at Sheepshead Bay, the Bouquet and the Chestnut
Hill Stakes and the Hopeful and July Stakes at Monmouth
Park.

Lazzarone, who was defeated in the Brooklyn Handi-
cap of 189s by Hornpipe, more than retrieved himself a
month later by winning the Suburban. He was then a
four-year old, having been bred in 1891, and in his earlier
years raced principally in the West in the colors of
Messrs. Leigh & Rose. In 1894, he was sold and be-
came the property of Messrs. F. D. & J. A. Beard, of the
Erie Stable, of Brooklyn. He was a son of Spendthrift
by Australian out of Aerolite, thus being bred on paternal
lines to Melbourne, Matchem and Young Emilius of
modern English thoroughbreds, and to the purely Amer-
ican lines of Lexington, Boston and Glencoe. Lazzarone
was out of Spinaway, one of the speediest mares that ever
ran. She was the daughter of imported Leamington and
Megara, thus having crosses of Sir Hercules, Eclipse and
Lexington in her pedigree. She was the dam of several
good horses, among them Spinalong, Handspun and
Montauk.

Raceland, one of the best known members of Mr.
August Belmont's stable, was by imported Billet out
of Calomel, and was foaled in 1885. As a yearling he
gave no promise of future greatness and was sold at a
small price to Bookmaker Ullman. His appearances
were deceptive, however, for when he came into his
two-year old form he took his place along with the best
horses of that year, winning nine races out of the twelve
in which he started, being second in one and unplaced in
two. His victories included the Quickstep Stakes at Chi-
cago, the Great Eastern Handicap at Coney Island and the
Arlington and the Capitol Stakes at Washington, defeat-
ing such good horses as Los Angeles, Sir Dixon, Badge,
George Oyster and others. After 1887, he raced for the
stable of Mr. August Belmont, who paid for him $17,500.
When the Nursery Stud was sold, in 1891, Mr. Dwyer
bought him for $7,000. As a three-year old, he won
seven races, was second twice, third once and unplaced
twice. The following year he came more than ever into
prominence by winning the Suburban, and then added
seven other successes to his record, running second three
times and being unplaced twice.

In 1890, he ran again for the Suburban, and was de-
feated, but won four out of his eight starts, being second
twice and unplaced twice. His record for 1891, the first

no

THE AMERICAN TURF

year that he ran in the colors of Mr. M. F. 1 )wyer, was quite
as good, for he won seventeen events and was second in
six, third in three and unplaced in three. The following
year he was successful in only seven out of twenty-one
starts, but in iSqi came strongly to the front again, win-
ning eighteen races out of thirty-four in which he started,
being second in ten, third in two and unplaced in four.
His great successes this year were the Hudson River
Handicap at Morris Park in 2 minutes, 14 seconds, beating
His Highness; a high weight handicap at Coney Island
in 2 minutes, 8 seconds, beating Gloaming, and a i
mile, I furlong at Morris Park in i minute, s^j^ seconds.
The season of 1893 saw the practical end of his racing
career. In the following year he was started twice, ran
third once and was unplaced once, and then broke down
and was withdrawn from the turf. A year later his
condition was such that his owner had him shot. Dur-
ing the eight years that he was on the turf he started in
one hundred and thirty-one races, of which he won sev-
enty, bringing to his owners a total of $119,460. He
was second in twenty-seven races, third in thirteen and
unplaced in twenty-one.

The principal member of the Oneck Stable, in the early
nineties, was Sir Walter, who was at all times a popular
horse. He was the son of imported Midlothian out of
La Scala, Midlothian being by Rataplan (or Strathconan)
out of Lufra. Rataplan was by Newminster out of
Souvenir, Newminster being a son of Touchstone and
Beeswing, and Souvenir a daughter of Chanticleer and
Birthday. Lufra was by Windhound out of Maud, the
former being by Pantaloon out of Phryne, and the latter
by Loup Garou out of Venilia. La Scala, the dam of Sir
Walter, was by Joe Hooker out of Abbey, her sire being
a son of Monday, who was by Colton out of Molly Jack-
son, his dam being Mayflower by imported Eclipse, out
of Hennie Farrow. Abbey, the dam of La Scala, was a
daughter of Norfolk and Ada C, the former a Lexington
colt and the latter by Revenue out of Sally Morgan.

As a two-year old Sir Walter won the Great American
Stakes, defeating Don Alonzo, Ajax, Morello and others;
the Seaside Stakes, the Great Eclipse Stakes, beating
Don Alonzo again; the Atlantic Stakes and the Seabright
Stakes, his total winnings for the year being $41,743.
In his three-year old form there was none better on the
turf at that time, and he easily beat such famous ones as
St. Leonard, Don Alonzo and Ramapo. His victories this
year included the Tidal, the Lorillard, the Stockton, the
Stevens and the Fulton Stakes, his total winnings being
$39, 550. In 1894, he captured the all-aged Serial Handicap
and other events, and ran third for the Brooklyn Handicap.
The following year he made an attempt for the Brooklyn
Handicap again and ran third, and was also second for
the Suburban of that year. He ran third for the Metro-
politan Stakes in 1896, and then captured the Brooklyn

Handicap on his thii'd trial in that I'ace. He has had a
long and notable career, being one of the most faithful
and hard-working horses in contemporaneous times.
Most of the great events of the turf have fallen to him
sooner or later, and in 1897, at the age of seven years, he
was still in good condition and considered worthy to
enter for the Suburban of 1898.

Dobbins, who carried Mr. Richard Croker to fame as a
turf magnate, was a Tennessean of royal equine birth.
His sire was imported Mr. Pickwick, and his dam the
great racing filly and brood mare, Thora, daughter of
Longfellow, and granddaughter of both Leamington and
Lexington. He was bred by Mr. Charles Reed, and as a
yearling became an inmate of the Ehret Stable. When
the Ehrets gave up racing and sold their horses, Mr.
Croker bid high and became the owner of this promising
half-brother to the famous Yorkville Belle. The colt,
which up to that time had been nameless, was now
called Dobbins, and in the spring of 1893 went to the
post under the Croker colors. After he got through
going that season and was retired to rest for the winter,
he had been fifteen times a winner and had brought to
the Tammany chieftain something like $57,000 in stake
money. He was started in twenty-five races and fought
many hard contests, his gameness early making him a
favorite and steadily increasing his popularity as the
season went on.

His first winning was a half-mile sweepstakes at the
Brooklyn Spring Meeting, and after that he beat Halton,
Bowers, Sir Excess and others for the Control Stakes;
ran second to Domino in the Great American Stakes;
beat Declare, Hurlingham and others for the Tremont
Stakes at Morris Park; won the Bartow Stakes at Morris
Park; was second to Domino in the Great Eclipse Stakes;
won the Anticipation Stakes, the Foam and the Zephyr
Stakes; ran third in the Great Trial Stakes at Coney
Island; won the June Stakes and the Atlantic Stakes;
was beaten by Jack of Spades in the Seabright Stakes
and also beaten for the Cairo Stakes and the Select
Stakes, the latter by Senator Grady; won two purses at
Saratoga; lost the Futurity to Domino by a head; ran
that famous dead heat with Domino in a match race,
that was the sensational turf affair of the year; was
beaten by Prigg in the Prospect Stakes and by Henry of
Navarre in the Algeria Handicap; and after winning a
sweepstakes and the Dunmow Stakes, closed the year by
yielding to Sir Excess by a neck in the Champagne
Stakes. The great Dobbins-Domino match race was one
of the most sensational turf affairs of the year and per-
haps of the decade. Domino had run an unchecked
career, and yet the followers of Dobbins believed that
their favorite was the better horse. When the race came
off there was a battle of giants, a struggle of fierce en-
deavor. At the end of it the judges could not separate

THE AMERICAN TURF

the two heads, one from the other, and the world heard
of the gamest dead heat that had ever been fought.
Domino went to the stud unbeaten, but the star of Dob-
bins was in the ascendant.

When the spring came again, the son of Mr. Pickwick
was in good form and began his three-year old career in
full promise of surpassing even himself. He stood
almost supreme on the turf, and galloped along through
the hot summer days and managed to carry off full $=^5,-
Goo, despite the fact that three-year old races are not as
valuable as those for the two-year olds, in 189s, he was
in the stable that Mr. Croker took to England. Great
hopes were based upon him, and it was confidently
believed that he was a sure thing for a surprise of the
Britains upon their own soil. But these expectations
were doomed to disappointment. While he was in
training he pulled up lame. Then he was sent into retire-
ment and was surrounded with some of the best brood
mares of England. He was great, game and honest, the
highest type of the first-class American horse.

Chosen to be another of the leading representatives of
rhe American turf in the string that Messrs. Croker &
Dwyer took to Europe in 189s, Banquet, who was then
an eight-year old, had already proven himself to be a
worthy son of imported Rayon d'Or. He was foaled in
1887 and bred by the Honorable William L. Scott at the
Algeria Stud. His dam, Ella T., was by War Dance
out of Bonnie Kate, the latter being by imported Knight
of St. George out of Eagle, who was a famous gray
mare, foaled in i8s2. In his two-year old and three-year
old forms he was raced in the colors of Mr. Scott. He
then became the property of Mr. M. F. Dwyer, and dur-
ing the next four years, previous to his departure for
Europe, had a notable career. In 1889, he won five
races; in i8qo, thirteen; in 1891, thirty-four; in 1892,
twenty-two; in 1893, twenty-four, and in 1894, twenty,
making a total of one hundred and eighteen. One of his
best achievements was the winning of the Navesink
Handicap at Monmouth Park, in 1892, i^ miles, in 2
minutes, 34^ seconds.

The following year at the Spring Meeting of the New
York Jockey Club he won the Standard Stakes, i % miles,
in 2 minutes, ^Y\ seconds. His dead heat with Ramapo
for a handicap sweepstakes at Sheepshead Bay, in 1894,
which was run off and won by him, was the exciting
event of that season. Among his other successes were
the Expectation Stakes, in 1889, and the Realization,
the Lorillard, the Stevens and the Stockton Stakes, in 1890,
the latter, \% miles, in 2 minutes, }% seconds. In 1891,
he won the Monmouth Handicap and the Country Club
Handicap. Less successful on the English turf than he
had been in his native land, in July, 189s, he ran second
to Virago in a trial plate selling race at Newmarket, with
Golden Slipper third. The owner of Golden Slipper

claimed him, and he passed out of the hands of Messrs.
Croker & Dwyer. Previous to this, however, he had
won a selling race over the ditch mile at Newmarket, an
uphill course and one of the severest in England, defeat-
ing Drugo, Courante and seven others.

Stonenell, a chestnut horse by Stonehenge out of Nell,
was bred by Mr. D. D. Withers and foaled in 1889. As
a two-year old he was raced in the colors of Mr. Withers,
but the same year became the property of Mr. M. F.
Dwyer. He then won twelve races, his best perfor-
mances being a sweepstakes at Coney Island over the
Futurity course in i minute, io| seconds, and a welter-
weight handicap at Morris Park, =; furlongs, in 59^ sec-
onds. He was successful in twenty-four races in 1893,
winning three at a mile distance, one of them in i min-
ute, 4i}4 seconds, a time that would compare with the
best records of the American turf. He was best at 7
furlongs and under. In 1894, he won fourteen races,
being defeated twice that year by Glenmoyne.
Taken to England as the second member of Messrs.
Croker & Dwyer's string in 189s, his career as an
American race horse, under American colors, was
brought abruptly to an end, for he ran in a selling race
at Newmarket in May and was claimed by Mr. T. Hood-
less.

Domino, who won the Futurity in 1893, was bred by
Major B. G. Thomas at the Dixiana Stud. He was a son
of Himyar out of Mannie Grey. His dam was a daughter
of Enquirer out of Lizzie G., Enquirer being a son of im-
ported Leamington out of Leader, daughter of Lexington
and Lize. Lizzie G., the grandam of Domino, was by
the celebrated War Dance, by Lexington out of Reel, her
dam being a daughter of Lecomte and Edith. Domino
was a full brother to Correction, and was sold as a year-
ling, in 1892. to Mr. James R. Keene for $3,000. He
became one of the most celebrated horses on the Ameri-
can turf in this generation, beating everything with
which he was brought into contact. His first start as a
two-year old in 1893, was for a sweepstake, 5 furlongs,
which he won by 6 lengths in a gallop in i minute, 2
seconds.

His subsequent winnings that year were the Great
American Stakes at Gravesend in i minute, 1% seconds;
the Great Eclipse Stakes at Morris Park in i minute, \2%
seconds, when he beat Dobbins, Declare, Sit. Julian,
Hurlingham and Sam Lucas; the Great Trial Stakes at
Coney Island in i minute, 14 seconds, beating Hydera-
bad, Dobbins, Declare and others ; the Hyde Park Stakes
at Washington Park, Chicago, in i minute, 14 sec-
onds, beating Peter the Great, Vassal and others; the
Produce Stakes at Monmouth Park in i minute, 14^
seconds, and the Futurity against Dobbins, Galilee and
others. As a result of the Futurity a special race for
$10,000 a side was arranged between Domino and Dob-

THE AMERICAN TURF

bins, ;ind was run at Sheepshead Ray over the Futurity
Course and was a dead lieat Ix'lween the two in i min-
ute, I2i.| seconds. Domino then won the Matron Stal<es
at Morris Park in i minute, q seconds, and closed one of
the most remarkable careers ever known to the Ameri-
can turf, having fairly earned the title that was given
to him of being " the unbeatable black wonder."

Great surprises have always come to be looked for on
the turf, and, paradoxical as it may seem, surprises are,
after all, not always surprises in the broadest sense of
the word. When Mr. Marcus Daly's Ogden came in at
the head of a large field in the Futurity of 1896 the sur-
prise was one that was not wholly unanticipated,
although perhaps the majority of frequenters at Sheeps-
head Bay had not discounted it, especially in their bet-
ting. It has been estimated that, as a result of Ogden's
winning, at least $soo,ooo changed hands upon that
eventful occasion, and his victory at that time was not
that of an outsider, for he was brought to the post in
perfect condition and showed himself entitled to rank
among the fastest and gamest two-year olds of this gen-
eration. He ran the race a full second lower than the
best previous record, which had been established at i
minute, 11 seconds, by The Butterflies in 1894. Ogden
was a brown colt of the best English and Irish blood. His
sire was Kilwarlin, son of Arbitrator and Hasty Girl.
Arbitrator was by Solon out of True Heart, Solon being
a son of West Australian and True Heart a daughter of
Musjid and Mary Jane.

Hasty Girl, the dam of Kilwarlin, was a daughter of
Lord Gough and Irritation, Lord Gough being by Glad-
iateur out of Battaglia, and Irritation by King of Trumps
out of Patience. Kilwarlin was bred in 1884 by Tom
Connolly at Curragh View, County Kildare, Ireland. As
a racer he had a good career, winning the St. Leger in
1887, and the Tenth Great Challenge Stakes at New-
market in the same year, when he defeated Fronduce,
Wise Man, Fleur de Marie and Bella Donna. Oriole, the
dam of Ogden, was by Bend Or out of Fenella. She
was bred in 1887 by the Duke of Westminster. Bend
Or, as is well known, traced to Doncaster, Stockwell,
Thormanby and the great English families which those
champions represented. Fenella was by Cambuscan out
of La Favorita, the former being a son of Newminster
and The Arrow, and the latter a daughter of Monarque
and Constance. Fenella was also the dam of Dourance,
by Rosicrucian. By Bend Or, Dourance was the dam of
Q.uetta, who threw Gray Leg and Cayenne, both by
Pepper and Salt and Helen by Marian.

The blood of imported Leamington, Lexington, im-
ported Glengarry, Thormanby, the great Derby winner,
and imported Bonnie Scotland, were all united in Dr.
Rice, whose pedigree had crosses of the most famous
thoroughbreds on both sides of the Atlantic. The sire

of Dr. Rice was Onondaga, son of imported Leamington
and Susan Beane. His dam was Bonnie Lee, by imported
Glengarry out of Bonnie Harold. Dr. Rice's great title
to fame was his winning of the Brooklyn Handicap in
1894, when he ran the distance in 2 minutes, 7^4^ sec-
onds. He was bred in 1890 at the McGrathiana Stud,
and in general appearance and build favored his noted
sire. As a two-year old he was one of the best in his
class, defeating nearly all his rivals, and in his three-year
old form he won the Withers Stakes and other events.
Ornament, who won the Latonia Derby in 1897, and the
Brooklyn Handicap in 1898, has earned a reputation of
being one of the best horses of his age in the country. He
is a son of imported Order, who was by Bend Or out of
Angelica. Through Bend Or he traced to Stockwell,
Doncaster and Thormanby, and through Angelica to
Vedette and Flying Duchess. Victorine, the dam of
Ornament, was got by Onondaga, son of imported Leam-
ington, her dam being Maria D., who traced to Lisbon,
Phaeton, Lexington and Lightsome.

Hamburg, one of the most sensational horses of 1897,
and perhaps, even of the decade, was got by Hanover
out of Lady Reel. His great performance that brought
him to public attention and established him as the fore-
most two-year old of the year, was his winning of the
Great Trial Stakes at Sheepshead Bay in July, when he
ran over the Futurity Course, in i minute, I2-|- seconds.
He was not looked upon as a winner in the betting, the
odds being 7 to i against him. He beat such good ones
as Previous, who was second; George Keene, who was
third, and a field consisting of Firearm, who was the
favorite in the betting, Bowling Brook, Varus, Handball,
Landemann, Kitefoot, Urillo, The Huguenot and Com-
merce. During 1897, h^ was owned by Mr. J. E. Mad-
den, but was subsequently sold to Mr. Marcus Daly,
who, according to report, paid $40,000 for the celebrated
colt. About the same time his dam. Lady Reel, was
sold in Kentucky for | is, 000, a phenomenal price for a
brood mare.

The winner of the Kentucky Derby in 1897, Typhoon
II., was by imported Topgallant out of Dollie Varden.
Topgallant was a son of Sterling and Seamark, Sterling
being by Oxford, son of Birdcatcher and Honey Dear,
while his dam. Whisper, was the daughter of Flat-
catcher and Silence. Seamark was by Adventurer, out
of Seagull, the former being a son of Newminster and
Palma, and the latter a daughter of Lifeboat and Wild
Cherry. Dollie Varden, the dam of Typhoon II., was by
imported Glenelg out of Nannie Black, the latter being
by Virgil, son of Vandal, and out of Nannie Butler,
daughter of Lexington and Tokay. As a two-year old
Typhoon II. won seven out of the sixteen races in which
he started, and was second five times. Among his best
work was the defeat of Ornament in two races.

"3

THE AMERICAN TURF

Howard Mann, the winner of the Brooklyn Handicap
of 1897, was foaled in 1893, being a son of Duke of
Montrose by Seamew. Through his sire he traced to
Australian, Weatherbit, Bonnie Scotland and Sovereign,
and through his dam to Rosicrucian, Beadsman, Cam-
buscan, Buckden and Lexington.

Probably no son of Eolus has been more famous ur
more deserving of the reputation that he achieved
than Morello, the famous Futurity winner. He has been
called "one of the most sensational horses that ever ran
in America." Bred by Dr. W. C. Hardy and Captain
R. J. Hancock, of Virginia, he was sold as a yearling to
Mr. Bernard Doswell for only $100, so absolutely
unpromising was his appearance. By the time he was a
two-year old, he had so improved that he was valued at
$1,000, at which price he was sold to Mr. William
M. Singerly and Mr. Frank Van Ness. Before he started
in the Futurity of 1892, he had won eleven out of four-
teen races, although few of them had been important
events. He was not in the best condition to run the
Futurity Course, but easily landed the prize, defeating
Lady Violet, St. Leonards and others, in i minute, 12^
seconds. At the Hawthorne Park, Chicago, the follow-
ing year, he won the Chicago Derby from Boundless,
but his great achievement was the winning of the
Wheeler Handicap at Washington Park, Chicago, in
July, 1893. With 117 pounds up, he covered i}{ miles
in 2 minutes, 5 seconds, equaling the record of Salvator
at that distance three years previously at Sheepshead
Bay. The record stands to-day unchallenged for that
distance. It is considered even better than Salvator's,
since the latter was a four-year old, while Morello
was only in his three-year old form. After completing
his turf career, Morello entered the stud of Mr. J. O.
Reese, in California, and there died in 1896.

By all odds the most distinguished son of Bramble was
Ben Brush, who won the Suburban Handicap in 1897.
He was a horse of remarkably good breeding on the
side of his dam as well as on that of his sire. His dam
was Roseville, a mare who was foaled in 1888 and bred
by Commodore J. E. Kittson. • Roseville was by Reform
out of Albia. Reform, as we have several times had
occasion to point out, was a son of imported Leaming-
ton by imported Stolen Kisses. Albia was by Alarm
out of Elastic, Alarm being a son of imported Eclipse by
imported Maud, and Elastic a daughter of Kentucky and
Blue Ribbon. Albia was also the dam of Azra, the
winner of the Kentucky Derby, the Clark Stakes, and
the Travers Stakes, as a three-year old in 1892. Ben
Brush was bred in 1893, and his first start in his two-
year old form was for a purse at Louisville which he
won. Afterward he won the Cadet Stakes at Louis-
villle, 4)4 furlongs, in 58 seconds; the Harold Stakes at
Latonia, 5 furlongs, in i minute, 2^ seconds; the Emer-

ald Stakes at Oakley, 5 furlongs, in i minute, 2^ seconds;
and the Diamond Stakes at Oakley, 5^^ furlongs, in i
minute, 8 seconds. When he made his appearance upon
the Eastern tracks- that year he had an unbroken record
of success, but the rest of his season was less satisfac-
tory to his owner.

Starting first at Sheepshead Bay, he finished third to
Right Royal and Floretta IV. in a six furlongs race,
which the winner made in i minute, 13^ seconds. He
succeeded in winning at five furlongs in 1 minute, | of a
second, but came in second to Requital for the Flatbush
Stakes and ran unplaced for the Great Eastern Handi-
cap. His victory in the Holly Handicap at Gravesend
served, however, to re-establish him in public favor,
since he ran the five furlongs in i minute, ij4 seconds,
beating Margrave, Crescendo, Silver II. and others.
When he won the Suburban, beating Havoc and others,
and, running the distance in 2 minutes, ■]\ seconds, he
became firmly fixed in racing history as one of the
speediest horses of his generation.

When Requital won the Futurity in 1895, a represen-
tative of the choicest and most fashionable blood in Eng-
land at the present time came conspicuously to the front.
Eothen, the sire of Requital, was bred at Yardley Stud,
England, and imported as a yearling in 1884, by Mr.
D. D. Withers. He was the son of Hampton and Sul-
tana, Hampton being by Lord Clifden out of Lady
Langden. Lord Clifden was the son of Newminster
and The Slave, and Lady Langden the daughter of
Kettledrum and Haricot. Sultana was by Oxford out
of Besika, Oxford being by Birdcatcher out of Honey
Dear and Besika by Beiram out of Meirope. Hampton
was for several years one of the leading sires of England,
rivaling in popularity even St. Simon and Isonomy.
Among his get have been some of the greatest per-
formers on the English turf in this generation, includ-
ing Merry Hampton, winner of the Derby in 1887,
Ayrshire, winner of the Derby in 1888, and Ladas, win-
ner of the Derby in 1894.

Oxford, the sire of Sultana, was also the sire of Ster-
ling and of Isonomy, who, in turn, was the sire of
Isinglass and Common. Eothen's second dam, Besika,
also threw Moslem, a winner of the Two Thousand
Guineas, while his third dam, Merope, produced Fly-
ing Duchess, who was the dam of Galopin, the sire of
St. Simon. Retribution, the dam of Requital, was by
Reform out of Nemesis and was finely bred in the lines
of Eclipse and Herod. Her sire, Reform, was by im-
ported Leamington out of Stolen Kisses, the latter being
a daughter of Knight of Kars and Defamation. Neme-
sis, the dam of Retribution, was by imported Eclipse,
son of Orlando and Gaze, her dam being Echo by Lexing-
ton out of Mary Innis. Requital was bred at the Brook-
dale Farm of Messrs. W. P. Thompson & Sons, and foaled

114

THE AMERICAN TURF

in 1893. He was a horse of fine appearance and a great
favorite wiien lie started for tlie Futurity, wiiicli he suc-
ceeded in carrying off, having previously won that year
live out of the six events for which he was started.

Among the names of the greatest thoroughbreds that
have achieved public approval on the American turf in
this generation, the name of Tenny is conspicuously en-
tered in a high place. His sire. Rayon d'Or, had the Eng-
lish St. Leger and other victories to his credit, and trans-
mitted to his son the blood of such famous English thor-
oughbreds as Flageolet, Plutus, Trumpator, Monarque
and Chamant. Araucaria, the dam of Rayon d'Or, was
a daughter of Ambrose and Pocahontas, Ambrose being
by Touchstone and Annette and Pocahontas by Glencoe
and Marpessa. Among other distinguished ancestors of
Tenny, on the side of his sire, were Priam, Orlando, Bay
Middleton, Venison and Darkness, comprising some of
the best blood of the English turf. The dam of Tenny
was Belle of Maywood, daughter of Hunter's Lexington
and Julia Mattingly. Hunter's Lexington, it is almost
needless to say, was a son of the great horse whose
name he bore, and his dam was Sally Lewis, daughter
of imported Glencoe and Motto. Sally Lewis was one of
the best mares of the middle of the century. She was
the dam of Susan Beane, who in turn was the dam of
Sensation, Stratford, Susquehanna and Onondaga,
Julia Mattingly, the grandam of Tenny, was by John
Morgan, son of imported Sovereign and Sally Lewis.
Her dam was Blue Bell, daughter of Chorister.

In his two-year old form Tenny's maiden race was the
Owner's Handicap at Latonia. The following year he
demonstrated his prowess by winning the Fort Hamilton
Handicap at Brooklyn, the Volunteer Handicap at Sheeps-
head Bay, the Passaic, the Eatontown and the Choice
Stakes at Monmouth, the Van Nest and the Electric Stakes
at Morris Park, the Fulton Stakes at Brooklyn and the
Oakland Stakes at the Fall Meeting, Morris Park. In his
four-year old form the Westchester Cup and the New
York Jockey Club Handicap fell to him at Morris Park,
the Ocean and the Eatontown Stakes at Monmouth and
the Labor Stakes at Sheepshead Bay. The great Salvator-
Tenny match of the same year was a turf event that will
never be forgotten by those who witnessed it. The
season that he was five years old, Tenny won the
Brooklyn Handicap, the Flight Stakes at Sheepshead
Bay and the Ocean Stakes at Morris Park. After he
was retired to the stud he got several good horses,
the best known of his sons, perhaps, being David II., a
bay colt, who ran in England with considerable success,
and had, among his other triumphs, a win in the Maiden
Stakes at Newmarket.

Fewer horses have ever had a higher place in popular
esteem in recent times than Henry of Navarre. His
blood was of the best, having in it strains of Lexington,

Glencoe, Eclipse, Leamington and other famous cracks.
Foaled in 1891, he was got by Knight of Ellerslie out of
Moss Rose. His sire was by Eolus and Lizzie Hazle-
wood, and Eolus was by imported Leamington. The
dam of Eolus was Fanny Washington out of Sarah
Washington, by Revenue, all three of the last named
horses being among the most successful on the American
turf in the closing years of the first half of this century.
Lizzie Hazlewood, the dam of Knight of Ellerslie, was
by Scathelock out of War Song, Scathelock being a son
of the great American Eclipse and Fanny Washington,
while War Song was by War Dance out of Eliza Davis.
On the side of his dam Henry of Navarre traced to Lexing-
ton and imported Glencoe, and had all the virtue of blood
that pertained to those great families. His dam, Moss
Rose, was by imported The Ill-Used out of Scarlet.
The Ill-Used gave to him some of the best blood known
to the modern English turf. Scarlet, the dam of Moss
Rose, was by Kentucky, dam Marroon, Kentucky being
a son of Lexington and Magnolia, and Marroon a daugh-
ter of Glencoe, out of a sister to Tangent.

In his two-year old form, Henry of Navarre in 1893
ran ten races, being first in six, second in two, third in
one and once unplaced. His first success was in carry-
ing off the Breeders' Stakes at Lexington in i minute,
4% seconds. His total winnings the first year were
$10,708. As a three-year old in 1894 he did not start off
well, running second or third in such events as the Brook-
lyn Handicap, the Metropolitan Handicap and the Withers
Stakes. He won the Belmont Stakes in i minute, 56}^
seconds, and was unplaced in the Suburban. Among
his other triumphs of this season were the Travers Stakes,
for which he covered the distance in 2 minutes, loX sec-
onds, the Foxhall stakes, in i minute, 53^ seconds; and
thelroquis Stakes in 1 minute, 43 seconds. His total win-
nings for the year were $37,760. In 1895, he won the
Merchants' Stakes of the Latonia Jockey Club in i
minute, 55 seconds; the Country Club Stakes of the
Cincinnati Jockey Club in i minute, 55 J^ seconds; the
Manhattan Handicap at Morris Park in 2 minutes, 7 sec-
onds; the Municipal Handicap at Morris Park in 3 min-
utes, 2 seconds, and several special races, earning$i4,oi5.
His great success in 1896 was in winning the Suburban,
which he carried off in the good time of 2 minutes, 7
seconds. During the first three years that he was on the
turf he started in forty races, twenty-seven of which he
won.

Son of imported St. Blaise and Susquehanna, Potomac
was one of the greatest thoroughbreds ever foaled in
America. Through his sire, who was a son of Hermit
and Fuzee, he traced to Newminster, Touchstone, Tad-
mor, Orlando, Gladiator, Vesuvienne, Malibran and other
great horses of the English turf. On the side of his dam,
Susquehanna, who was a daughter of Leamington and

15

THE AMERICAN TURF

Susan Beane, he united the Leamington and Lexington
blood, Susan Beane being a daughter of Lexington and
Sally Lewis, who was a daughter of imported Glencoe
and Motto. Potomac made his debut upon the turf in
his two-year old form, in 1890, when he cantered
home in front of Masher for the Futurity, with Strath-
meath, Montana, Rey del Rey, Ambulance, Kildeer,
Russell and others also behind him. His other winnings
in this year were the Red Bank Stakes at Monmouth
Park and the Flatbush Stakes at Sheepshead Bay. In
his three-year old form he won the Spendthrift and the
Realization Stakes at Sheepshead Bay and the Barnegat
Stakes at Monmouth Park, and earned the distinction of
being the only horse who had ever won those two
richest events of the American turf, the Futurity and the
Realization. As a four-vear old he won several purses
and sweepstakes and was then retired to the stud. The
grand total of his performances were twenty races, in
eleven of which he was first, being second in four, third
in two and unplaced in three. His total winnings were
$116,085.

The chestnut colt Handspring, who was foaled in 1893,
added to the reputation of his sire, Hanover and his
grandsire Hindoo. The blood of Virgil, Vandal, Lex-
ington and Bonnie Scotland, that came to him on the
male side, was fully displayed in his achievements as a
two-year old and a three-year old. His dam. My
Favorite, was a daughter of imported Rayon d'Or and
Nannie H., the latter being a daughter of Imported Glen
Athol and Sallie Watson by Ringgold, out of Ann Wat-
son. As a two-year old in 189s he won the Great Trial
Stakes at Sheepshead Bay, easily defeating Applegate by
i>^ lengths. In 1896, his great achievement was his
defeat of Hastings at Morris Park, in one of the finest
and closest struggles that the race course has ever seen,
both great thoroughbreds fighting it out inch by inch and
Handspring winning by a short head in 1 minute, 41
seconds.

Although St. Blaise gave many eminent thoroughbreds
to the American turf, few, if any of them, have surpassed
Clarendon in brilliancy of performance. His dam was
Clara by imported The Ill-Used, out of imported Camilla.
The 111-Used was the sire of His Highness, Lady Violet and
many others of equally high rank. Camilla was a daughter
of King Tom, who was by Harkaway out of Pocahontas ;
her dam was Agnes, one of the finest representatives of
the family that went by that name. Bred in 1887, Clar-
endon made his debut upon the turf as a two-year old,
but did not appear to advantage, being unable to score
brackets, although he showed himself possessed of
qualities entitling him to rank in the first-class. During
the season he beat such good ones as Padishah,
Chaos, Chesapeake and others. As a three-year old he
won a sweepstakes at Morris Park, i mile, in i minute.

41 j4 seconds; a sweepstakes at Monmouth Park, i}i
miles, in i minute, 57 seconds; the Seaside Stakes at
Monmouth Park, 6 furlongs, in i minute^ 16 seconds; a
6 furlongs sweepstakes at Monmouth, in i minute, 13
seconds, upon which occasion he beat Tipstaff, Major
Daly, Fitzjames, Bella B., Blackburn, My Fellow and
others; the Trenton Stakes, in which he beat Kempland
and others; a sweepstakes over the Futurity Course at
Sheepshead Bay at the head of a field of sixteen, in i
minute, 1 1-| seconds, and a handicap at Linden, beating
Eolo, Lavina Bell, My Fellow and others. In 1 891, he
defeated Eon, son of Eolus, at Gravesend, and then was
defeated for the Maturity Handicap, the Parkway Handi-
cap and the Fourth of July Handicap, in the latter run-
ning second to Raceland. In 1892, he ran fifth in the
Brooklyn Handicap.

Bright Phoebus, who won the Realization in 1895, was
a son of Falsetto, who was by Enquirer out of Farfaletta.
Through his grandsire he had the much prized Leam-
ington and Lexington blood, while through his grandam
Farfaletta, he had the Australian, Lexington and Glencoe
blood. The dam of Bright Phoebus was Buff and Blue,
who was by War Dance out of Balloon. War Dance
transmitted to him crosses of Boston, Lexington and
Glencoe. Balloon, the dam of Buff and Blue, was by
imported Yorkshire out of Heraldry. The Butterflies,
winner of the Futurity in 1894, in the extraordinary
good time of i minute, 1 1 seconds, was got by Sir
Dixon out of Mercedes. Sir Dixon was one of the best
sons of Billet and Jaconet, thus unitmg the Voltigeur,
Leamington and Australian blood. The dam of The But-
terflies was by Melbourne, Jr., out of Lady Hardway, her
sire being Knight of St. George by Irish Birdcatcher,
and out of Melrose by Melbourne. Lady Hardway was
by Commodore by Boston and out of Reunion by Union.

Another recent winner of the Realization, the greatest
of three-year old events, was The Friar, who came in at
the head of a good field in 1897. He was by Friar's
Balsam out of Lizzie Baker and was imported as a year-
ling. His performance in the Realization eclipsed all
previous records for the event. Jack of Spades, who
won the Great Eastern Handicap at Sheepshead Bay in
189?, was by Magnetizer out of Nellie Jane. His pedigree
showed the best modern strains linked to some of the
staunchest lines of old American and English families.
His sire was by The lll-Used out of Magnetism, the
former giving him the Stockwell, Blink Bonnie and other
crosses and the latter, Lexington and Balrownie crosses.
Nellie James was by Dollar out of Fleur des Chants,
Dollar being descended from Flying Dutchman and Bay
Middleton and Fleur des Chants through her sire New-
minster tracing to Touchstone, and through her dam
Maria to Harkaway.

Kingston, who was by Spendthrift out of Kapanga,

116

THE AMERICAN TURF

w;is foaled in 1884. Of little consequence when a two-
year old, lie became a mighty champion as he advanced
in years. He was trained by Mr. E. Snedeker, and in
his lirst year on the turf took part in six races, two of
which, those for the Camden and the Select Stakes, he
ran in fairly good style. The following year he began
to show something like his true form, and being started
eighteen times, won thirteen races. It was in the Swift
Stakes at Sheepshead Bay that he most gallantly main-
tained his own against Hanover and Firenze, and two
days later, in the Tidal Stakes, although beaten by Han-
over, made another good exhibition. He was then pur-
chased by the Dwyer Brothers, who paid $12,000 for
him. Under their management he ran for the next
seven years, and during that time was in one hundred
and ten races, of which he won eighty-three, carrying
off a total of over $200,000. Even when he was nine
years old he still possessed and displayed all the highest
qualities of the thoroughbred, except the ability to go a
distance. He never liked to travel much more than one
mile. The Dwyers were anxious to match him against
Salvator for $20,000 a side, but could not agree with Mr.
Haggin over the conditions of such a race, the latter
wanting i^ miles, while the former insisted upon i}i
miles.

In 1890, upon the dissolution sale of the Dwyer Broth-
ers, Kingston was sold for $30,000 and became the prop-
erty of Mr. M. F. Dwyer. In the summer of 1891, he
made an unfortunate journey to the West to meet
Marion C, Virgil d'Or and Aloha in the Garfield Stakes.
His Eastern admirers believed that he would have a walk-
over, but the journey upset him and Marion C. won
easily by a length. A week later he turned the tables
by beating Marion C. in a common canter, demonstrat-
ing that he had lost the Garfield Stakes only because he
had not had time to get into condition after his long
railroad journey. On the whole, he was little, if any-
thing inferior to such champions as Tremont, Hanover,
Firenze and Salvator and lasted longer in good condi-
tion, so that in his later years upon the turf he was the
oldest high-class horse in active and efficient service.
In the First Special Stakes of the Brooklyn Jockey Club,
in 1889, he beat the redoubtable Tenny, i}( miles, in
2 minutes, 6}4 seconds. On this occasion he made a
new record, the time for the distance then standing at 2
minutes, 7 seconds, which was made by Dry Monopole
in 1887 upon the same track. His performance was
considered as ranking with Longfellow's Saratoga Cup
in 1 87 1, Spendthrift's Lorillard in 1879, Firenze's Free-
hold in 1888 and other great weight-for age contests.

Two horses in the early nineties carried the colors of
Mr. J B. Haggin to the front upon many a hard fought field
of battle, and added imperishable glories to the Amer-
ican turf. Probably no horse in this generation was a

greater public favorite and more deserved the enthu-
siasm with which he was regarded than Salvator.
Tenny alone rivaled him in these respects and the strug-
gles for superiority between these two were the most
brilliant and the most exciting events that the turf had
known for a generation. Salvator was bred at the El-
mendorf Farm of Mr. M. H. Sanford, in Kentucky. He
was a son of imported Prince Charlie, "the Prince of the
T. Y. C," a horse that fell into disfavor in his native
land on account of the affection in his wind, commonly
known as roaring. He was not successful on the turf
and was little favored in breeding, although he stood in
the stud in England for many years and got some very
good horses. At thirteen years of age he was brought
to the United States, but lived here only long enough to
serve in the stud for three seasons. During that
time, however, he did very much to improve and
strengthen American thoroughbred strains. His most
celebrated get were Salvator, Senorita, Protection and
Brown Princess.

Salina, the dam of Salvator, was a wonderful race
mare and granddaughter of the famous mare, Levity, by
imported Trustee. In his Levity strain, Salvator had
some of the bluest blood and the most highly prized in
this country. In 1889, he won all the choicest prizes
that are set apart for three-year olds, except the Omni-
bus Stakes. In 1890, as a four-year old, he reached the
height of his glory; that year was the scene of the fierce
struggle with Tenny. He won the Suburban in 2 min-
utes, 6f seconds, the best time that had yet been re-
corded for the event. His achievement was not a sur-
prise, for he was a prime favorite in the betting. Tenny
ran third in this race, which led to the special match be-
tween the two that came off a week later, Salvator
again defeating his opponent. In August of the same
year he ran his great mile for a purse against the record,
I minute, 39^ seconds. This race was run at Mon-
mouth Park and the time which the peerless son of
Prince Charlie put up, i minute, 35 J^ seconds, has re-
mained the record and unchallenged ever since. The
same year he won the Titan Stakes, the Jersey Handi-
cap, the September Stakes, and other important events.
After his retirement from the turf in 1891, he stood in
the stud at Mr. Haggin's Rancho del Paso.

Among racing fillies, Firenze occupies the highest posi-
tion, and was in her class what Salvator was in his.
During her long career she conquered all the very best
race horses of her day. She, too, was a product of the
Elmendorf Farm, which has given to the turf such great
horses as Tremont, Monitor, Dry Monopole and a score
of others scarcely less meritorious. Firenze was by
Glenelg out of Florida, and was foaled in 1884. A list
of her victories on the turf during the seven years that
she was raced would include all the great prizes, and she

117

THE AMERICAN TURF

beat Hanover, The Bard, Exile, Tenny and other cham-
pions. Some of her best achievments were the winning
of the Harvest Handicap, the Monmouth Cup and the
Monmouth Handicap in 1888, and the Handicap Sweep-
stal<es at Monmouth, and the New York Handicap and
Omnium Handicap at Sheepshead Bay in 1889. Her
greatest triumphs were in 1888 and 1889, and in the
latter year by far the largest proportion of the valuable
all-aged events fell to her. In 1891, she went off in con-
dition, and was retired, carrying with her the feme of
having been one of the greatest racing fillies that the
world has ever known.

And so we might run on in a never ending recapitula-

tion, recalling with pleasant memories such thorough-
breds as Tournament, by Sir Modred and Plaything;
Hindoocraft, by Hindoo and Lady Crafton; Tea Tray, by
Rayon d'Or and Ella T. ; Come to Taw, by Long Taw
and MollieSeabrooke; Volunteer, by imported Mortemer
and Sly Boots; Strideaway, by Glenmore and Spin-
away; Fordham, by Falsetto and Semper Vive; Judge
Morrow, by Vagabond and Moonlight; Longstreet, by
Longfellow and Semper Idem; the Duke of Montrose, by
Waverly and Kelpie, with Tremont, The Friar, The Butter-
flies, Miss Woodford, Runnymede and scores of others
not less distinguished than the many that have already
been described.

iiS

AMERICAN TURFMEN IN EUROPE

Mr. Richard Ten Broeck's English Campaign — Ventures of Messrs. M. H. Sandford,

Pierre Lorili.ard, James R. Keene and Others — The Brilliant

Victories of Iroqliois and Foxhall

<; NSTANCES are plentiful to show the interest that has
■1 ^ always been taken in the English turf by those who
•T have followed racing affairs in the United States.
* All the leading turfmen of America have from time
immemorial made a study of racing methods in the Old
Country, and a hundred years ago, even as it is to-day,
the Derby, the St. Leger and other historic events were
looked forward to with scarcely less interest on the part
of the Americans than by their English brethren. As
tar back as the concluding year of the reign of George
IV., that celebrated Virginia statesman, John Randolph,
of Roanoke, paid his last visit to England. Differing
with many American statesmen of his day, Mr. Ran-
dolph was always conspicuous for his attachment to
everything English, and an earnest advocate of the social
life and customs of the mother country. With his Vir-
ginia training and education he understood and appre-
ciated thoroughbred horses quite as well as, even if not bet-
ter, than many Englishmen who frequented Newmarket or
Epsom. During his stay in England he attended every
race meeting which it was possible for him to reach and
his correspondence with his friends in Virginia was
aglow with bright descriptions of what he saw upon the
English turf. It was his good fortune to witness the
Derby won by the great Priam, one of the best English
thoroughbreds of his own or any other day, and it was a
source of gratification to him when this splendid stal-
lion became the property of a Virginia gentleman and an
important factor of the American Stud Book. Mr. Ran-
dolph even then expressed his conviction that the time
would come sooner or later when the American thor-
oughbred would be able to contest honors with the best
that the English turf could present.

It was not long after this visit of Mr. Randolph to
England in 1830 that the Englishmen themselves began,
here and there, to pay a little attention to the subject of
racing in the United States and the possibilities of our
future as regarded the production of great thoroughbreds.
A writer in The Quarterly Review about this time said,
" but it is in the New World — in America— that racing
and the improvement of horses are making the most
rapid progress, so much so, indeed, as, from the excel-
lent choice our kinsmen make in their stud horses, to
incline some persons to the opinion that in the course of
another half century we shall have to go to the United

States to replenish our own blood, which must degen-
erate, if that of the most sound and enduring qualities is
transported into that country." The writer then gave a
list of more than thirty valuable English sires imported
into the United States, among them being Barefoot,
Chateau Margaux, Lapdog, Margrave Rowton, St. Giles,
Tranby, Glencoe and Priam, and he argued that the de-
scendants of these stallions might reasonably be
expected, in one or two generations, to rival anything
that English breeders might be able to produce. Another
English authority, many years after, added his testimony
to the effect that, "within the last forty years this list
has been indefinitely extended until it, is impossible to
deny that the United States are richly furnished with our
best equine blood."

While there were many in this country who always
gave the subject much thought after the manner of Mr.
Randolph, it must be confessed that, in England, writers
or turfmen who paid attention to such suggestions as
that made in The Quarterly Review, were principally
conspicuous by their absence. There has always been
an ingrained confidence in the minds of all Englishmen
in the superiority of their thoroughbreds and their turf
methods. All things considered, this is not surprising.
The traditions that have clustered around the English
turf, dating back for three and four hundred and more
years, have served so firmly to establish the great na-
tional institution, that in the opinions of those most
attached to it, very little, if anything good can come of
efforts outside of its particular sphere. These opinions,
have, however, been severely shaken in contemporane-
ous times by victories of American horses on the turf of
the mother country, but fifty years and more ago the
superiority of the English thoroughbred was scarcely
challenged, even in an argumentative way. The few
Englishmen who considered the subject at all rather
looked upon the American thoroughbred as at best only
a second rate descendant of his English ancestors and
regarded American turf practices as innovations that
were altogether reprehensible.

Differences between the English and the American
turf have, for a century at least, been of a thoroughly
ingrained character, and it was these differences that
were the primal cause of the utter disregard of American
racing by Englishmen generally, while at the same time

119

THE AMERICAN TURF

they were the seed that was to lead ultimately to some of
the most interesting and most important practical tests,
regarding the respective superiority of the two great fami-
lies of horses. While quarter-racing was the particular
form of sport which first developed in this country, it was
not long, as we have seen, in previous chapters, be-
fore horsemen began to find their greatest pleasure in
races for greater distances, such as two, three and four-
mile heats. Soon these long-distance contests became
not only predominant, but were the sole and distinguish-
ing characteristic of the American turf

Throughout the first half of the present century,
Americans still continued to lay stress upon the quality
of endurance, as well as of speed, in their thoroughbreds.
The favorite style of race long remained to be the popu-
lar four-mile heat, in which the great champions of several
generations won their finest laurels. These races often
made a swift succession of twelve miles and were some-
times increased to sixteen or even twenty miles, calling
for the greatest endurance and speed. A horse was not
considered first-class unless he could run in four-mile
heats and perhaps repeat within a week. In the esti-
mation of turfmen he must needs be a four-miler and
able to repeat, or was nowhere. Just as a trotter in
those days was obliged to be able to strike at least a
2:40 pace, if he hoped to maintain his standing on the
track, so a thoroughbred was called upon to run his
four-mile heats, or be relegated to a place in the third-
class.

With occasional exceptions the races were all weight-
for-age, with a view of giving the best animal of his
years the reward of merit, while the handicap, which was
then the prevailing race in Britain and has since come
into favor in this country, was almost unknown. It was
generally considered, in those days, that the handicap
system, instead of encouraging improvement offered a
protection, if not a premium, to mediocrity. Loading
down a noble courser who had proved his fleetness in
many a well-contested field with weight enough to
make him lag behind an animal of inferior quality was
not a proceeding that was regarded with favor by many
conscientious turfmen. There were not lacking those
who freely called this practice an abuse of speed and a
persecution rather than a reward of merit, and as being
likely, in the long run, to conduce to the deterioration of
the thoroughbred. All breeding and training at that
time on American soil tended most decisively against
this system or anything at all savoring of it.

An entirely contrary condition of things existed in
England. There the traditions and the practices of the
turf were in favor of quick, sharp work on the part of
their racers. English horsemen had never shown any
kindly disposition toward racing in heats, and in their
single-heat races had constantly and consistently favored

short distances. Even as it is now, the single dash
was their general custom, and very rarely was this for a
four-miles' distance; for the most part they contented
themselves with two and two and a half miles as the ex-
treme limit, and most of their races were even at shorter
distances. This difference in practice brought our Ameri-
can turf most strikingly in contrast with that of England
and provoked an animated controversy over the relative
merits of the two systems.

The comparative stoutness and speed of English and
American thoroughbreds was thus a prevailing topic of
consideration among turfmen generally, and for a quar-
ter of a century or more different methods of running,
weighting and timing horses that were prevalent in the
two countries, were variously considered according to
the point of view of the disputants, while abundant
statistics were constantly evolved in support of the dif-
ferent propositions. It must be confessed, however,
that the result of all this discussion was not fruitful in
definite conclusions. Almost everything was arithmetic-
ally proved by both sides; little or nothing was actually
determined. The fact that, between the thoroughbred
of the two countries, the advantage is, on the whole,
imperceptible, notwithstanding different racing methods,
was not recognized then and you could not convince the
ardent turfman, be he English or American, that there
was the slightest tenable ground for this proposition, let
alone any argument to support it.

Ultimately, then, the question became, in the eyes of
the racing community of the two countries, what horse
or horses should be considered the first class, those
which headed the turf in America or those which headed
it in England. It was forcibly argued that the great
number of horses run in almost every race in England,
the severity of their courses and the slashing style in
which the races were run, made it much more difficult
for the horses to rise to the foremost rank there than in
this country. Furthermore, the English did not permit
us to lose sight of the fact that on their tight little island
they had more races in one month than were held in the
United States throughout the whole year; that they had
many times the number of thoroughbreds constantly in
training and that several times more money each year
in public purses alone was held up as reward for their
breeders and owners. And it was added, as an inevit-
able deduction from these recognized facts, that the
horse which headed the English turf indisputably headed
all others in the world, since he had run against and
defeated the pick of more race horses than the rest of
mankind owned altogether.

On the American side of the argument it was pointed
out as a somewhat significant fact that none of the great
English thoroughbreds who had been brought into this
country since we began to produce good horses, had

THE AMERICAN TURF

ever been able to contend with any degree of success
against our iiome bred stoci< and that, too, although
many of them had been winners of the greatest prizes
of the EngHsh turf, not even excepting the Derby.
Empliasis was also laid upon the recognized fact that the
much praised lleet Arabian, who was the foundation of
the Hnglish thoroughbred, had been far outclassed by
his progeny, who were the result of grafting his stock
upon the native English horse. From4his it was argued
that history might repeat itself in showing a similar
advanced development to be secured by grafting the
English thoroughbred upon purely American stock.

As a matter of pure assertion, it was freely and
emphatically declared by the devoted partisans of the
American high-mettled racer, that he was unquestion-
ably the superior, both in speed and bottom, of the
English racer, and comparative time records of the two
were abundantly cited in support of this contention.
Finally the confidence of American breeders and owners
in the blood and staunchness of their horses had become
so firmly seated and so widely extended, that little doubt
was entertained in any quarter of this country among
horsemen that, though the English horses might, perhaps,
excel as regards speed for the short dashes to which
racing had already been reduced on that side of the
Atlantic, our animals were unquestionably superior in
those contests which called for bottom and reserved
power.

Thus, the question had for a long time engaged the
attention of horse lovers of the United States. The con-
troversy, supported by such arguments as those just
quoted, and others of a more specific character, waged
warm on this side of the Atlantic, at least, it must be
confessed, however, that on the other side of the water,
not much serious attention had as yet been given to the
subject. English turfmen, with that supreme confidence
in the superiority of their national institution that has
always been characteristic of them, had, as a rule,
affected to consider the matter of little consequence,
principally upon the ground that there could not
even be a question of the superiority of their methods
and their horses. To their minds, the point at issue had
long been settled, and by themselves, in their own
favor. They had yet to make the acquaintance of
American bred horses, and to acquire a respect for them,
based on actual experience of their ability. So far, the
problem was merely a theoretical one, and naturally
American breeders were not content to rest easy under
the implication of their brother turfmen of England that
there was only one side to the case, and that was the
English. As the time went by it became more and more
apparent that there could be no other way of determining
the actual right or wrong of these opposing opinions, ex-
cept by putting the matter to the supreme test and arraying

horse against horse. From these conclusions on the
part of American turfmen developed one of the most
interesting and most important features of the turf of
England and America in the closing half of the nineteenth
century.

At the time when this controversy reached its height,
nearly half a century ago, Mr. Richard Ten Broeck, who
was then the owner of the great Lexington, held as
high rank as any man in turf circles of this country
for his enterprise, skill and complete knowledge of the
thoroughbred. He felt that the hour had arrived when
the American turf had become an institution of such
importance that it had earned the right to demand some-
thing more than the mere scant attention that had, up to
this date, been given to it by English sportsmen.
Accordingly he determined to contest honors with Eng-
lish horses upon their own ground, and went about
laying his plans to that end. The co-operation of other
American turfmen was secured, and Mr. Francis Morris,
of New York, gave the financial backing to the enterprise
that was necessary for carying it out. In 1856, Mr. Ten
Broeck crossed the ocean, having already given consid-
erable time to the study of racing conditions there, and
having arranged to enter several American horses in the
classical events in Great Britian. This memorable enter-
prise has become historic and is a conspicuous mile post
in the history of the American turf.

Mr. Ten Broeck had, in his string, three horses that
were already regarded as being entitled to stand in the
first class of American thoroughbreds. Lecomte, by
Boston out of Reel, was then six years old, and remem-
brance of his brilliant contests with his great half-
brother, Lexington, was still fresh in the public mind.
Pryor, by imported Glencoe out of Gypsey by Eclipse,
was only a four-year old and had several important vic-
tories to his credit. The third horse was Prioress, a
three-year old, by imported Sovereign out of Reel,
being, therefore, a half sister of Lecomte. In her two-
year old form she won two out of the three races in
which she was entered. In the Equus Stakes, mile
heats, over the Metairie Course, she easily won in two
straight heats in i minute, 46^ seconds and i minute,
45 second, beating a Glencoe fiUv out of Blue Filly, a
Lucy Dashwood colt, and L'Ingot D'Or. On the same
course she also won a mile heat race in i minute, 47
seconds and i minute, 46)4 seconds, again beating the
Lucy Dashwood colt. Upon the Fashion Course, Long
Island, she was beaten for the Association Stakes, mile
heats, by Nicholas I. in two straight heats. She was
regarded as one of the most promising fillies on the
American turf. Another horse was subsequently added
to the string, the three-year old chestnut colt, Babylon,
by imported Belshazzar out of a dam by imported
Trustee. •

THE AMERICAN TURF

The principal engagements of iVIr. Ten Broeck in the
first year of his campaign on English soil were with
Pryor and Prioress for the Goodwood Cup; Lecomte and
Prioress for the Champagne Stakes at Brighton ; Lecomte
and Prioress for the Sussex County Cup; Prioress for the
Chesterfield Handicap; Pryor and Prioress for the Royal
Plate at the Hereford Meeting; Pryor, Prioress and
Lecomte for the Warwick Cup at Warwick; Prioress for
the Leamington Stakes at Warwick; Babylon for the
Great Yorkshire Handicap at the Doncaster Meeting
over the Doncaster St. Leger Course, and Lecomte and
Pryor for a four-mile sweepstakes for all ages at the New-
market Houghton Meeting. Disaster attended Mr. Ten
Broeck's venture from the outset. His horses did not
become acclimated, so as to make good running, they
were not well cared for by the trainer, and the much-
vaunted British love of fair play was scantily manifested
toward them. In none of the earlier events of the season
were the American horses able to make any show-
ing and yet, despite the discouraging conditions under
which they ran, they exhibited a form that compelled
even the unwilling acknowledgment from the English
turf writers that there might be something in them after
all when they should be in condition.

At last, however, victory came to the stable in the
most important event of the season, when, in October,
Prioress won the Cesarewitch, 2 miles, 2 furlongs, 28
yards. The daughter of Sovereign had only recovered
her true form a day or two previous to this race, and
under new and improved training all her best and latent
qualities were brought out. The race was run twice,
the time being 4 minutes, 9 seconds and 4 minutes, 14
seconds. El Harkim, Queen Bess, Fright and thirty
other horses were also in the running. Upon the first
trial there was a dead heat between Prioress, Queen Bess
and El Harkim. The second heat was won by the Amer-
ican horse by a length and a half over El Harkim and
Queen Bess, the latter lacking only a head of being sec-
ond. By this victory, Mr. Ten Broeck recouped himself
for the losses that he had sustained thus far in the sea-
son and was able to put a comfortable sum to the credit
of his enterprise as a whole.

But further disaster overtook the stable. Lecomte,
who had never got fully acclimated, was seized with
colicin his stable, at Stockbridge, Hampshire, and died
in October, 1857. He had been able to start only once
in England, for the Warwick Cup, when he was beaten
by the English crack. Fisherman, and pulled up very
lame after the race. Less than three weeks later Pryor
fell a victim to an attack of lung fever, which all the best
veterinary skill of London was unable to repress. His
death left Mr. Ten Broeck's stable severely crippled, for
Pryor was generally regarded as his most promising and
trustworthy animal.

Notwithstanding all the disappointments and ill luck
that had attended him, Mr. Ten Broeck bravely held his
position as the exemplar and representative of the
American turf on English ground and entered with cour-
age upon a second season in 1858. He reinforced his
stable with the successful stallion, Charieston, by im-
ported Sovereign out of Milwood by Monarch and also
added Woodburn and Bonita and several English horses
to his string. His principal engagements with his
American horses were Woodburn for the Levant Stakes,
Babylon for the Stewards' Cup and the Chesterfield Cup,
Charleston and Prioress for the Goodwood Cup, and
Bonita for the Malcolm Stakes, all at the July Goodwood
Meeting; Babylon for the Marine Plate and Claret Stakes
at Brighton; Babylon for the Chesterfield Handicap at
York, for the Town Plate at Epsom, the Royal Hunt Cup
at Ascot, the Members' Plate at Stockton and the Port-
land Plate at Doncaster; Prioress and Charieston for the
great Ebor Handicap Stakes at York; Prioress for the
great Yorkshire Handicap at Doncaster, the Cesarewitch
Handicap at Newmarket and the Cambridgeshire Stakes
at Newmarket, and Prioress, Woodburn, Bonita and
Babylon for several matches at Newmarket.

The record of the season was not encouraging to those
who had based hopes upon the American horses.
Babylon ran twelve times and won a single race.
Prioress ran four times and won two races. Charleston,
after running badly forthe Goodwood Cup, did not appear
again. Bonita ran three times, winning twice. Wood-
burn lost the only race in which he started. The total
was twenty-one starts and five winnings for Mr. Ten
Broeck, three of the winnings being matches, one by
Prioress and two by Bonita. Babylon won the Chester-
field Handicap against a field of eight. Prioress took
the Great Yorkshire Handicap at Doncaster against a field
of twelve, winning by four lengths in 3 minutes, i5>^
seconds. Her running in the Cesarewitch Stakes was
almost a victory, since she lost only by a short neck, the
time of the race being 3 minutes, 59 seconds. As in
the previous year, the performances of Mr. Ten Broeck's
horses for 1858 were briefly summed up in the simple
declaration, that "the American horses, which have thus
far performed in England, have not proved the race horse
of America to be the equal of the race horse of the English
turf." The ardor of the American backers of Mr. Ten
Broeck was by no means diminished by these reverses,
however, and a third season was energetically entered
upon.

In 1859, Mr. Ten Broeck ran Prioress, Babylon, Starke,
Woodburn, Umpire, Optimist and Satellite. The burden
of work was placed upon Prioress, Babylon, Starke and
Woodburn. The first named was the most successful,
winning five races out of eleven and landing for her
owner the sum of $5,550. Starke was less successful

THE AMERICAN TURF

in the number of races th:it he succeeded in winning,
takinif only three out of ten. His winnings, however,
were more than double those of his stable companion,
amounting to $u, sio. Babylon won only $22S in one
race, losing eight races. Woodburn won a single race,
valued at 11,675. and lost ten races. Umpire won$4,2S7,
in the three races that he was successRil out of the five
in which he was entered. Optimist lost all four of the
races in which he was entered, and Satellite the one
race that he ran.

Prioress, who was then six years old, won a match at
the Newmarket Craven Meeting against Count Batthy-
any's Olympus, ditch-mile, seven furlongs, 201 yards, in
I minute, 56 seconds. At the Newmarket First Spring
Meeting she won the Queen's Plate over the round
course, 3 miles, 4 furlongs, 139 yards, beating Polestar
and Target. At the Epsom Summer Meeting she won
the Queen's Plate, 2>4 miles, in 4 minutes, 20 seconds,
beating Archduchess, Julie and others. At the New-
market Houghton Meeting she beat by twenty lengths.
Lord Glasgow's Toxopholite over the Rowley mile, i
mile, 17 yards, in i minute, 55 seconds. At the same
meeting she beat by six lengths Lord Glasgow's Ted-
dington, across the flat, in 2 minutes, 20 seconds. She
was defeated for the Tradesmen's Plate at Chester and
the Stewards' Cup at the same meeting, for the Good-
wood Cup at Goodwood and the Bentinck Memorial
Plate at the same meeting, the Cesarewitch Stakes at the
Newmarket Second October Meeting and the Cambridge-
shire Stakes at the Newmarket Houghton Meeting. The
winning race of Babylon was a Handicap Sweepstakes,
half a mile, at Lewes. He was beaten for the Bristol
Plate Handicap at Brighton, the Grand Stand Plate at
Lewes, the Bedfordshire Stakes Handicap at Bedford,
and in other events.

Starke was not successful until July, when he achieved
two splendid victories. On July 27, he won the Good-
wood Stakes Handicap, 2>4 miles, beating Lifeboat by
half a length, Blue Jacket being a bad third, and Heiress
fourth, while thirteen others were not placed. His
time was 4 minutes, 52 seconds. Two days later, at the
same meeting, he won the Bentinck Memorial Plate
Handicap, 2 miles, 5 furlongs, 97 yards, beating, by six
lengths. Compromise, who was a head before Prioress,
the latter being a neck in advance of Rouble, while
eleven other horses were not placed. Starke's only
other victory this season was at Warwick in September,
when he won the Warwick Cup, 3 miles, beating Liv-
eryman and Lifeboat. The principal events in which he
was entered and was not successful, were the Royal
Stand Plate at Ascot Heath, the Great Ebor Handicap at
York and the Cesarewitch at the Newmarket Second
October Meeting. The single race won by Woodburn
was the Harry Fowler Handicap, 5 furlongs, at Stock-

ton. In nearly all the other nine events in which he
was entered he did not even succeed in being placed.

Umpire won the Nursery Stakes Handicap, one mile,
at Goodwood in July, thus enabling his owner to carry
off three of the prizes of this meeting, adding his
triumph to those of Starke. In this handicap he beat,
by seven lengths. Longbow and, by eleven lengths. Be
Quick, while nineteen other horses ran unplaced. His
time was i minute, 49 seconds, in August at Stock-
ton he won the Cleveland Stakes for two-year olds,
three-quarters of a mile, beating High Treason and ten
others. The following day at the same meeting, he
won the third Zetland Biennial Stakes for two-year
olds, about 5 furlongs, again defeating High Treason
and others. Mr. R. Hanlan, who accompanied Mr. Ten
Broeck, was less successful than his compatriot. He
ran Des Chiles, a brown filly, four years old, by im-
ported Glencoe out of Brown Kitty; Lincoln, a chestnut
colt, four years old, by imported Belshazzar out of a dam
by imported Jordan, and Cincinnati, a brown colt, three
years old, by Star Davis out of a dam by Uncle John.
Des Chiles ran in three races, Lincoln in two and Cincin-
nati in three. No one of them was successful.

For several years more Mr. Ten Broeck remained in
England meeting with varying success. Generally, his
horses failed to achieve the triumphs that were hoped
for from them, or to substantially establish in the minds
of English turfmen the full worth of the American
thoroughbred. They were not, however, without
victories now and then, that were at least suggestive of
great possibilities. Umpire won several races and exhib-
ited himself in such excellent form that he started in the
Derby of i860 on even terms in the betting with Thor-
manby, who was the winner. In 1861, Mr. Ten Broeck's
campaign was made especially brilliant by the capture of
the Goodwood Cup by Starke. Both Starke and Opti-
mist were entered for this event, and the two American
horses ran first and third, respectively. Wizard being
second. The struggle between Starke and Wizard was
sharp, but the American horse was too much for his
four-year old opponent and made a good finish, running
the last quarter of a mile under the whip.

Mr. Ten Broeck remained abroad until the revival of
racing in this country, in the period following the Civil
War, was already under way. Whatever opinion may
be held, generally, regarding his venture, he had at least
succeeded in breaking the ice so far as the indifference of
English turfmen and racing authorities toward the turf in
this country was concerned. After his time, the ques-
tion of the worth of the American thoroughbred was no
longer dismissed in England as unentitled even to con-
sideration, which had hitherto been the attitude of the
English turf world. Since then there has been no dis-
pute on the other side of the water that the United

123

THE AMERICAN TURF

States stands on substantial footing with tiie mother
country as regards the possession of thoroughbred stock
and of that true spirit of racing which makes the constant
improvement of the breed a matter on which expense
and care are in no way stinted. It was not, however,
until a quarter of a century later, and as a result of the
patriotism of later American owners, that the complete
demonstration of the full equality of the American
thoroughbred with his English compeer was demon-
strated beyond the possibility of cavil and in a manner
that commanded the admiration of the sporting world of
two continents.

Nearly two decades after Mr. Ten Broeck's venture,
Mr. M. H. Sanford followed in his footsteps. In 1875,
Mr. Sanford crossed the Atlantic, taking with him his
great stallion Preakness and seven other American
thoroughbreds, including Mate, Bay Final, Brown Prince,
Egotist, Donna, Start and Bay Eagle. Preakness, Mate
and Bay Final were aged, but Preakness was believed
to hold out the most promise of success, his great
victories in the United States in previous seasons having
already given him an established reputation for stamina,
speed and reliability. Preakness was by Lexington out
of Bay Leaf by imported Yorkshire. Mate was by
imported Australian out of Mattie Gross, who was a
Lexington filly. Bay Final was an own brother to
Preakness. Bay Eagle and Egotist were own brothers,
being by Bay Wood out of Earring by Ringgold. Start
was by imported Glenelg out of Stamps, a Lexington
mare. Donna was by Haywood out of Dot by Mad
Anthony. Brown Prince was by Lexington out of
imported Britannia IV. by Flying Dutchman. Bay
Eagle, Egotist, Start, Donna and Brown Prince were
two-year olds and were believed to be full of promise.
Brown Prince, in 1876, was regarded as one of the best
two-year olds of that season at Newmarket.

In the first season Mr. Sanford's principal entries were
Preakness for the Newmarket International Handicap;
Mate in the Newmarket Handicap and the City and
Suburban Handicap at Epsom; Bay Final in the City
and Suburban Handicap and the great Metropolitan
Handicap at Epsom ; Bay Eagle in the Prince of Wales'
Stakes and the Derby at Epsom and the Scarbor-
ough Stakes at Doncaster, and Start in a two-year
old sweepstake at Scarborough. This season was prac-
tically a failure, although Bay Final won the Dillingham
Handicap at the Newmarket Houghton Meeting. In
1877, Mr. Sanford had several small successes, Donna
winning a handicap stakes at the Newmarket Craven
Meeting, and Brown Prince taking a plate over the
Rowley Mile. In this last event Brown Prince did so
well, winning a good race by half a length, that he
became a great favorite for the future events in which he
was entered, the Derby, Grand Prix of Paris and Don-

caster St. Leger. Some enthusiasts even backed him at
long odds to win the Derby.

The great success of the season, however, was later
on at the Spring Newmarket Meeting, when Brown
Prince ran second to Chamant for the Two Thousand
Guineas, beating Silvio, Thunderstone, Monk, War-
ren Hastings, Monachus, Morier and Strachino. Al-
though Mr. Sanford continued in England until 188 1,
his success was in nowise marked. From time to time
he took over other American horses, but none of them
performed sufficiently well to entitle them to first rank
with the English champions or to give to Mr. Sanford's
enterprise the successful character which he had hoped
for and through which he aimed, as had Mr. Ten Broeck
before him, to impress upon the English mind the merit
of the American thoroughbred.

Since the time that Mr. Sanford terminated his English
racing career American thoroughbreds have been gradu-
ally making their way upon the turf in the Old World,
until in recent years their appearances there have been
so numerous and their successes so frequent and so con-
spicuous that they have established themselves firmly in
the approval of turfmen, not alone in this country, but
abroad as well. It is now recognized as never before
that for speed, endurance and gameness, the American
horse is a worthy compeer of his English rival. On
many a hard fought battlefield he has shown his prowess
and has carried off the highest honors that the English
turf or the French turf has had to bestow upon its equine
heroes. The question of the relative merits of the thor-
oughbreds of the two nationalities is still open to dis-
cussion and opinions vary upon the matter. Never-
theless, the American thoroughbred is no longer looked
down upon by English critics, and his substantial stand-
ing is frankly recognized, even though the opinion that
he is not quite equal to the product of the English stud
still may be strenuously held by our English cousins.

Mr. Pierre LoriUard, who began his racing career on
the English turf in 1879, must be regarded as the pioneer
in bringing about this very marked change in the atti-
tude of the English turf toward its trans-Atlantic rival.
Mr. Lorillard went abroad in the autumn of 1878, taking
with him eight representative American thoroughbreds.
At the head of the string was the brown gelding Parole
by imported Leamington out of Maiden by Lexington,
his grandam by Kitty Clark by imported Glencoe. Sec-
ond on his list was the bay colt Uncas by Lexington,
out of Coral by Vandal, his grandam being imported
Cairn Gorme by Cotherstone. Then there was the bay
colt Friar by imported Saxon, out of Fanny Washington
by Revenue, his grandam being Sarah Washington by
Garrison's Zinganee; the bay colt Boreas by imported
Saxon out of Nellie Grey by Lexington, his grandam
being Fenella by imported Glencoe; the bay colt Chero-

124

THE AMERICAN TURF

kee by imported Saxon out of Fanny Ludlow by im-
ported Eclipse, his grandam being MoUie Jackson by
Vandal; the chestnut filly Pappoose by imported Leam-
ington out of Maiden by Lexington, her grandam being
Kitty Clark by imported Glencoe; the bay filly Nereid
by imported Saxon out of imported Highland Lassie by
Blair Athol, her grandam being Rupee by the Nabob;
and the bay filly Geraldine by imported Saxon out of
Girl of the Period by Virgil, her grandam being Nannie
Butler by Lexington.

it will be observed that, of these eight horses, five i/f
them were descendants of the famous Lexington, one of
them being a son. The blood of Vandal, Glencoe,
Revenue, Eclipse, Virgil and other great sires of the
early American turf was also represented. Two of the
string were by imported Leamington and five bv im-
ported Saxon, one only, Uncas by Lexington, being
the get of a distinctively American horse. Doubts
were expressed about the ability of Parole to hold his
own in the English field, notwithstanding his success
in his native land. Uncas was regarded with more
confidence. Parole was then five years old, while Uncas
was two, and the others were yearlings. The young-
sters were very much admired, but, of course, little could
be predicated concerning their future, for they were as
yet untried. When the string left this country all the
horses were well engaged except Parole. Uncas was in
the Two Thousand Guineas, the Derby and the St.
Leger of 1878 and the Champion Stakes of 1880 at New-
market. Cherokee, Pappoose, Nereid and Geraldine were
in the July and the Chesterfield Stakes for two-year
olds at Newmarket in 1879, and in the Richmond
Stakes at Goodwood the following year. Cherokee,
Boreas, and Friar were entered for the Derby and St.
Leger in 1880, and Pappoose, Geraldine and Nereid in
the Oaks for the same year.

The success of Mr. Lorillard was very pronounced
from the outset and exceedingly gratifying to patriotic
American turfmen, who had always had full faith in the
American thoroughbred and in his ability to hold his own
with the best racers of the world. Although Parole did
not stir the Englishmen to enthusiasm while he was in
training, he opened their eyes when he won the New-
market Handicap in 1879, beating the f;imous Isonomy,
who is to this day regarded by many as the greatest
thoroughbred that ever ran on the turf in England or
anywhere else. Then they were dumfounded when
the brown son of Leamington followed up his first suc-
cess by carrying off the City and Suburban from a field
of fifteen and by winning the Metropolitan Handicap and
the Cheshire Handicap. Pappoose, as a two-year old,
won the first race in which he was entered and Geraldine
won the Levant Stakes at Goodwood.

In 1880, Mr. Lorillard's stable was increased by the

addition of Iroquois, Paw Paw and others. Meantime,
Mr. James R. Keene had entered the field and America
was further represented by Wallenstein, Foxhall, Book-
maker, Don Fulano, Nereid and Aristocrat, all of whom
were winners. The following year, 1881, witnessed the
signal triumph of the Americans, when Iroquois won
the Derby, the St. James Palace Stakes and the St.
Leger, while Foxhall carried off the Grand Prix at Paris
and the Cesarewitch and Cambridgeshire Stakes. Fox-
hall's finish for the Grand Prix was one of the most mag-
nificent that had ever been seen on the French Course.
He was ridden by the great English jockey, Fordham,
while Fred Archer rode his closest rival, the French colt,
Tristan. As they came along the home stretch Tristan
was slightly behind, but Archer rode his very best and
lifted his horse almost even with Foxhall. A shout of
Tristan! Tristan! rended the air from the throats of
thousands of excited Frenchmen. The two horses,
head by head, came down with a grand rush, past
the jockey club stand, and it was either one's race.
For the first time Fordham raised his whip. A single
sharp cut on the shoulder of Foxhall was answered by
a grand leap forward from the noble thoroughbred, and
in the fraction of a second the Grand Prix, with its
160,000 francs, was won. In 1882, Foxhall added the
Ascot Gold Cup to his other prizes, and Wallenstein
won the Manchester Cup, one and three-quarter miles,
worth $15,000, while Passaic, Aranza, Sachem, Brake-
speare, Mehallah, Jolly, Sir John, Golden Gate, Abbots-
ford, North Star, Lady Jane and Aristocrat were other
horses that carried the colors of their American owners
bravely to the front.

At last the American horse could no longer be ignored
by English turfmen. Henceforth he was a quantity that
demanded serious recognition. His many sweeping
victories at the historic racing centres of England forced
him more and more into public attention during this
period from 1879 to 1882, both inclusive, that was a
momentous one for American turfmen and that was rich
with results at once gratifying and inspiring. The fame
and merit of the American thoroughbred were finally and
successfully established. During these four years there
were not less than fifteen or sixteen prominent Ameri-
can horses that appeared in the various meetings
throughout Great Britain. It has been estimated that
their winnings were close upon $300,000, which must
be regarded as a very respectable sum when we take
into consideration the large fields against which they
were compelled to run, and the tremendous disadvan-
tages arising from differences in climate and racing
methods, than those of their native land under which
they labored.

Parole and Pappoose led the American string in 1879,
and in 1880 seven Americans, Iroquois, Paw Paw,

•125

THE AMERICAN TURF

Wallenstein, Foxhall, Bookmaker, Don Fulano, Nereid
and Aristocrat carried off about 129,000. In 188 1,
Iroquois, Foxhall and others took up something over
$162,000. It was not easy for the Americans to keep
the pace which they had fixed for themselves, and to
retain the high position to which Iroquois and Fox-
hall had elevated them. Beginning with 1882, there
was a decided falling off in the American contin-
gent, and the glories of Iroquois, Foxhall and their
companions became somewhat dim. The American
stables gradually made less and less impression upon
England, although Mr. Lorillard was still in the field and
Iroquois continued to win occasionally. It was some-
what compensating, however, to Yankee patriotism
that upon many occasions the horses that represented
this country were beaten by others who were of our
own breeding, but who had passed into the possession
of English turfmen. This was very practical evidence of
a decided change of opinion toward American horses
and showed the high esteem in which they had finally
come to be held.

In 1892, Fiddler, son of that staunch old American
stallion, Preakness, captured the Newmarket Biennial
and the Great Metropolitan. Passaic, formerly an inmate
of Mr. Lorillard's stable, achieved a victory for his native
land, as well as for his adopted country, by winning the
City and Suburban, one of the most celebrated of the
great English spring handicaps. Passaic had become the
property of an English owner, having been disposed of
some six months previously. He was eminently a
representative American horse, brother to the celebrated
racing filly Thora. His sire was Longfellow by imported
Leamington, and his dam Jury by Lexington, a combina-
tion of two strains of blood, than which none has been
more phenomenally successful in the annals of the
American turf His grandam was Roxana by imported
Chesterfield. As a two-year old, he was not at all suc-
cessful, but he was afterward regarded as an even
competitor with Iroquois. His performances, however,
failed to justify the expectations that were based upon
him, and he was finally sold out of the stable as a piece
of deadwood, only to turn the tables upon his former
owner by winning the City and Suburban in the
following spring.

The three American horses that in Europe stood pre-
eminent in distinction during the period which we
have had under consideration are more thoroughly
identified with the English turf than with that of their
native land. Their victories added lustre to the annals
of the American turf, but the record of their careers
belongs almost entirely to the racing calendar of the
mother county. Of this trio, none has been more
flimous than Iroquois, who achieved the supreme dis-
tinction of being the only American thoroughbred who

has won the Derby, the Blue Ribbon of the English turf
He occupies the unique position of being an American
horse whose entire racing career was confined to the
English turf while his contributions to the American
turf have been alone through his progeny, several of
whom are to be included among the finest thorough-
breds of this generation. Probably no horse, if we
except possibly Foxhall, ever achieved a greater reputa-
tion that made him known throughout the entire world,
his success in winning the Derby having placed him, so
far as public estimation is concerned, in a class entirely
by himself

Iroquois was bred by Mr. Aristides Welch, proprietor
of the Erdenheim Stud, at Chestnut Hill, near Philadel-
phia. His sire was Leamington and his dam Maggie B.
B., who was by Australian. Thus on both sides he
traced to English thoroughbred families of the highest
class, one of which was of the past generation, while the
other has come into prominence in comparatively recent
times. He was a brown colt, with blaze face and near
hind ankles white above the pastern. Of substantial
muscular build, he had a rare blood-like appearance and
showed all the quality of his high breeding, and as a
yearling gave abundant promise of a great future. Pur-
chased as a yearling by Mr. Pierre Lorillard, the follow-
ing year, he was shipped to Europe as one of the mem-
bers of Mr. Lorillard's string to struggle with the English
thoroughbreds on their own ground. The English paid
little or no attention to him while he was in training at
Newmarket, where he was placed as soon as he arrived
in the Old Country.

When he came to the post at Newmarket in 1880,
for the two-year old plate, 5 furlongs, not much was
expected of him and he surprised the talent by coming
in an easy winner, beating Herman, Red King and
others. At the Epsom Summer Meeting he ran unplaced
to Angelina first and Wandering Nun second, but at the
same meeting two days later, he won a two-year old
stake, 5 furlongs. At Ascot in June he ran unplaced to
Sir Charles, Tristan and Angelina, and at Newmarket in
July ran second to Bal Gal for the July Stakes, and won
the Chesterfield Stakes, defeating Panique, Voluptuary
and others. At the second Sandown Summer Meeting
he ran unplaced to King of Scotland, Montrose and
others for the Kingston Plate; at Goodwood, in July,
won the Levant Stakes, defeating Isola, Madre and others,
and at the same meeting was second to Wandering Nun
for the Findon Stakes. In the fall meetings he ran un-
placed for the Champagne Stakes at Doncaster, for the
Hopeful Stakes at the Newmarket First October Meet-
ing and for the Clearwell Stakes at the Newmarket
Second October Meeting. On the whole, his success
during this first season was fairly satisfactory and some-
what surprising to the English turfmen, although it was

J26

THE AMERICAN TURF

generally conceded that he had not been well handled or
well ridden and became stale toward the latter end of
the season for having been too heavily worked.

His failures in the latter part of the season lost him in
a large measure the favor that had been accorded to him
for his earlier work, and English critics were inclined to
place comparatively little dependence upon him for his
three-year old form. During the winter, however, he
had a generous rest and was brought well into con-
dition before the spring opened, the quickness with
which he recovered being a well-known characteristic
inherited from his sire. He was liberally engaged for
the season of 1881, but no one outside his own stable
expected brilliant performances from him. He started
in by running second for the Two Thousand Guineas
at Newmarket, but this was rather a good beginning,
for he left behind him the flower of the English turf.
Although defeated, his running called general attention
to him and probably few were surprised when two days
later he won the Newmarket Stakes, defeating Lord Fal-
mouth's Lennoxlove. In the second Newmarket Meet-
ing he walked over for the Burwell Stakes, and there-
after began to be looked upon with considerable favor,
although it was scarcely expected that he had much
chance for the Epsom Derby, for which he was next
entered.

■ His great achievement that forever established his repu-
tation and that astounded all England was at the Epsom
Summer Meeting in June, 1881, when he won that
prize of the English turf, carrying off the Derby from a
field of fifteen, being an easy winner over Peregrine,
second, and Town Moor, third. Afterward he won the
Prince of Wales Stakes at Ascot, thus accomplishing a
feat that had never yet been put down to the credit of
an English Derby winner. Later in the season he also
won the St. Leger, at Doncaster, thus entering a class of
winners of the two classic events of the English turf, the
Derby and the St. Leger, in one season. In this class
only nine horses had ever been able to stand, Cham-
pion, 1800; Surplus, 1848; Flying Dutchman, 1849; ^0^-
tiguer, 1850; West Australian, 1853; Blair Athol, 1864;
Gladiateur, 1865; Lord Lyon, 1866; Silver, 1877, and Iro-
quois, 1 88 1. There was no question now, even in the
minds of conservative Englishmen, that Iroquois was
one of the greatest horses, not only of his generation,
but of all the modern time. In thus adding the white
ribbon to the blue, he had done what such great horses
as Mameluke, Priam, Hermit, Doncaster and others had
attempted and failed. As a two-year old he started
twelve times and won four races. As a three-year old
he won four out of the five races in which he started.

His work upon the English turf in 1881 practically closed
his career as a race horse. In 1882, he was not started,
owing to his having fallen off in condition. The following

year he started three times, running third in one race and
being unplaced in the remaining two. He was then with-
drawn from the turf and sent back to the United States,
where he increased the reputation of his name by the
great sons and daughters that he produced in the ensu-
ing years. Among his progeny, who have distinguished
themselves, special note may be made of such good ones
as Senator Grady, Huron, Tammany, Mohican, Helen
Nichols and Red Banner. In several years these and
others of the Iroquois descendants have been included in
the list of those who have been the greatest winners in
this country. Few American thoroughbreds have thus
united to a greater degree than he the glory of tran-
scendent achievements on the turf with the fame derived
from the wonderful performances of sons and daughters.

Until 1865 no foreigner had been able to carry off the
famous Blue Ribbon of the turf from the English stables
at Epsom. From the foundation of the Derby, in 1780,
when Sir Charles Bunbury's Diomed came in at the
head of a field of nine starters, the Englishmen had
every year succeeded in keeping the prize at home. In
the long list of winning owners were representatives of
every class of English sporting men, from royal dukes to
those in the humblest walks of life. It fell to a French
horse to break the record that had stood for eighty-five
years, when, in 1865, The Comte de Le Grange's mag-
nificent Gladiateur won the great prize in a common
canter. Gladiateur was a bay with black legs, 16
hands high, powerful in his shoulders, and showing
muscle and strength in every motion. He not only
carried off the Derby, but also won the Two Thousand
Guineas, the Grand Prix of Paris, and the St. Leger,
being the only horse who ever had those four victories
to his credit. As a four-year old, his best race was for
the Ascot Cup, when he defeated Regalia and Breadalbane.

After Gladiateur it was eleven years before another,
foreigner succeeded in carrying off the Derby. On this
occasion Kisber, the victor, was a horse from Hungary.
His sire was Buccaneer, and his dam Mineral. He was
bred at the Great Imperial Royal Stud fiwm at Kisber,
and was considered the greatest horse in that establish-
ment. The Kisber farm extended over 15,648 acres,
and was under the direct management of Count Zoest,
all the work upon it being done by soldiers of the
Austrian-Hungarian Army. Kisber was 15 hands, 3
inches high, a hard bay with a ruddy tinge and black
points. As a two-year old, previous to his Derby race,
he had been successful in only one of the four occasions
upon which he was started, and, in the betting on the
Derby, was not held in high esteem nor regarded as
particularly dangerous. These two victories of Gladia-
teur and Kisber were all that stood to the credit of
foreign horses until 1881, when Iroquois carried the
American colors to the front, making himself the third

127

THE AMERICAN TURF

foreign horse, and the first American, to carry off the
prize so dear to the hearts of racing men, whether they
be of English, American, or other nationality.

Scarcely second to Iroquois in the brilliancy of his
career was Parole. He had strains of three of the great-
est American families, Glencoe, Lexington and Leaming-
ton. He was foaled in 1873 in Mr. Aristides Welch's
Erdenheim Stud, and, as as a yearling, was sold to Mr.
Lorillard for $780. Notwithstanding his lofty lineage, his
appearance did not commend him to expert turfmen,
nor did he show himself to be of sufficient promise to
warrant his entry into the early two and three-year old
stakes. But he developed rapidly and well, and, in
187=^, was put into training and brought out. His suc-
cess was immediate and was wholly unexpected, save
to those who had opportunity to become most
familiar with him. Out of the six races in which he
took part he won four, his important victories being the
Saratoga Stakes in i minute, 44}i seconds, beating
Adelaide, Sultana, Durango, Brother to Bassett, Blue-
coat and others, and the All Aged Stakes, at Jerome
Park, in 2 minutes, 38 seconds, beating St. Martin,
Warlock, Virginius and Rhadamanthus.

He was entered for the Kentucky Derby in 1876, but
was defeated by Vagrant, being completely beaten off.
During most of that season he was out of condition and
won only three of the seven races in which he was
entered. Greatly improved in condition in the spring of

1877, he made the best campaign of his life, running
twelve races, eight of which he won. He captured the
Saratoga Cup in 4 minutes, 4^ seconds, beating Tom
Ochiltree and Vera Cruz; the Grand Sweepstakes at
Baltimore in 4 minutes, 37^ seconds, defeating Ten
Broeck and Tom Ochiltree, and the Woodburn Stakes,
the Summer Handicap and the Maturity Stakes. During

1878, he ran eleven races, eight of which he won, includ-
ing the Monmouth Cup, at Long Branch, in 4 minutes,
()}4 seconds, beating Virginius, General Philips and Joe,
and the Saratoga Cup, in 4 minutes, 8}4 seconds, again
beating the same horses.

During his first season in England he was very suc-
cessful. The official handicappers underestimated him
and he was let into many important events at very light
weight. He carried off honors in five of the eleven
races' which he run, among them being the Newmarket
Handicap, the City and Suburban, the Great Metropolitan
and the Great Cheshire Stakes and the Epsom Gold Cup.
He was defeated for the Ascot Stakes at Ascot. The
following season the handicappers went to the other
extreme and loaded him so heavily that it was im-
possible for him to accomplish anything. He was run
in ten races in 1880 without making a single winning
and was then returned to the United States. In the
latter part of the season in this country he won four

races. In the six years that he was on the turf, includ-
ing 1880, he ran 61 races, of which he won 32.

Foxhall, the third horse of this trio of American
thoroughbreds that gained celebrity in England, was
foaled in 1878. He was got by King Alfonso out of
Jamaica. His sire was by imported Phseton out of Cap-
itola and on this line he traced to King Tom, Vandal,
Harkaway, Pocahontas, imported Glencoe and back to
the great English 'families of thoroughbreds, who will
be readily recognized. Jamaica, the dam of Foxhall
was by Lexington out of Fanny Ludlow, the latter being
by imported Eclipse out of Mollie Jackson, daughter of
Vandal and Emma Wright. Foxhall was bred by Mr.
A. J. Alexander and was sold to Mr. James R. Keene as
a yearling. In 1880, with Lord Murphy, Spendthrift and
other promising two-year olds he was sent to England.
At the outset he attracted comparatively little attention,
and the English authorities decidedly underrated him.
Illness overtook him and he did not make his appearance
on the turf until October, when, however, at New-
market he easily won the Bedford Stakes and opened
the eyes of the English horsemen. At the same meet-
ing he made a hard fight for the Ashley Stakes and then
won the Bretley Nursery Handicap.

As a three-year old he was not engaged in any of the
great classics events of England, but ran second to Bend
Or for the City and Suburban Handicap, leaving twenty-
three others behind him and proving himself to be as
good as any of the best thoroughbreds then on the
English turf. In June came his great achievement, the
winning of the Grand Prix of Paris, when he defeated
Tristan, Albion, Fiddler, Dublin, Leon, Royamont,
Forum, Cassimir and Scobell. At the Ascot Meeting in
the same month of June he lost the Gold Cup to Robert
the Devil, and then went off in form. But he was soon
brought into condition again and in the autumn races
won the Cesarewitch in a common canter, defeated his
old French rival Tristan in the Select Stakes, and came
in at the head of the field in the Cambridgeshire, defeat-
ing Lucy Glitters by a head, with Tristan third. His
double victory of the two great Newmarket Handicaps
had only one parallel, the victory of Rosebery in 1876,
and it was generally recognized that Mr. Keene was
quite within bounds in declaring that his colt was "the
greatest horse in the world."

For several years after 1882 the Americans were some-
what less conspicuous upon the English turf, although
both Mr. Lorillard and Mr. Keene still continued in the
field. In 1883, Iroquois won the Stockbridge Cup and
other victories were from time to time set down to
the credit of the American stables. The entries for the
Grand Prix of Paris in 1884 showed to some extent upon
what horses the American stables were then placing
their dependence. Mr. Lorillard's nominations were

128

THE AMERICAN TURF

Pontine by Pero Gomez out of Agcnoria, sister to I^izarro,
Choctaw by Saxon; Emperor by Enquirer o.ut of Vesper
Ligiit, the dam of Vandalite; De Soto by Wanderer out
of Katie Pease, a full brother to Lizzie S. ; Manitoba by
Glenlyon out of Marie Michon and Huron by Saxon out
of Vandalite. Mr. Keene nominated a sister to Foxhall
by King Alfonso out of Jamaica; a colt by King Alfonso
out of Hester; a bay colt by Virgil out of Bonnie
Form, and an English bred colt by Blair Athol out
of Perewig. From English stables, several of the get
of the famous old American stallion Preakness were
nominated.

Early in the nineties the movement of American turf-
men toward England began to develop again to a marked
degree and to Messrs. Lorillard and Keene, the former
of whom had begun to transfer nearly all his racing inter-
ests from the United States to the old World, the names
of many newcomers were added. The campaign of the
Messrs. Richard Croker and M. F. Dwyer, disastrous as
it was at the outset, is still fresh in the public mind, for
it is an affair of but yesterday. Messrs. Croker & Dwyer
went abroad in 1895, taking with them a string of
twenty-one horses. Foremost in their stable were Ban-
quet by Rayon d'Or out of Ella T. ; Stonenell by
Stonehenge out of Nell; Don Alonzo by Long Taw out
of Round Dance; Dobbins by imported Mr. Pickwick
out of Thora and Harry Reed by Himyar out of Violet.
All of these horses had good records on the American
turf. Don Alonzo, who was bred by Mr. Charles Reed,
was bought as a yearling by Mr. F. A. Ehret and sold to
Mr. M. F. Dwyer for $30,000 in 1892. As a two-year-old
he did fairly well, winning four races, the Tremont, the
Sapling, the Junior Champion and the Select Stakes. As a
three-year old he won thirteen purses and sweepstakes,
while as a four-year old he won eleven races, his best
being the Sheepshead Bay Handicap, i mile, in i min-
ute, 41 seconds, against a good field. The careers
of Banquet, Stonenell and Dobbins have been elsewhere
given.

Other horses in the Croker-Dwyer stable were Utica
by Iroquois out of Duchess; Montauk by Strathmore out
of Spina way; Belle Meade by Glenelgout of Trade Wind;
Natty by Tremont out of Tassel; a two-year old filly by
Tremont out of Pride; a bay colt by Sir Modred out of
Faux Pas, and two chestnut fillies by Enquirer, one out of
Tomrig and the other out of Tattoo. A peculiarly inter-
esting feature of this string was that it included eight of
the get of Iroquois who were returning to show them-
selves upon the fields where their world-renowned sire
had made himself famous. These were Utica out of
Duchess; Hervert out of Hildegard; True Blue out of
Tullahoma ; Sweet Marie out of Baby ; Trilby out of Theo-
dora; Dinah out of Orphan Girl; a bay filly outof Armiel
and a chestnut colt out of Valette.

The results of this disastrous campaign are too well-
known to call for extended consideration here. Several
of the best horses of the stable, entered in selling races,
were claimed and lost to the owners, and several others
had to be bid in to save them. The first race won was
the Crawford Plate at the Newmarket Craven Course,
when Eau Gallia, formerly Utica, beat Estar, Erin
and seven others. The odds were 8 to i against Eau
Gallie, who was ridden by Sims, this being the
jockey's first mount in England. Harry Reed, at the
Newmarket meeting, won a selling race by three
lengths. It was generally considered that the stable did
not appear to its best advantage for the reason that it
was not well handled.

Messrs. Duke & Wishard also tried their fortunes on the
English turf in 1895. Their venture was daring rather
than promising. Their best horse was Ramapo, then a
five-year old chestnut by imported Pontiac out of Annie
F. His fame was well established by his winning of
the Suburban in 1894, and he has been considered one
of the best American race horses of recent years. One
authority at the time even said that he was "no doubt
the best American representative that has been sent to
England since the time of Iroquois and Foxhall." Other
members of the string, which numbered ten, were Hugh
Penny, Helen Nichols, Wishard, Damsel, Mack Briggs
and several yearlings, one by Himyar out of Miss Austin,
another by Bersan out of a dam by Silvermine, another
by Strathmore out of Ortawin, and one by Pontiac out of
Miss Lunley. The venture was not particularly success-
ful, and Ramapo, upon whom the greatest dependence
was placed, and who was regarded as having a good
chance for the Cesarewitch, was unable to start on
account of his foot going wrong. Mr. Lorillard also had

a considerable stable in the field for 1896, but no emi-
nent performers were in it, the best, judged by their
success, being Belisama, Dolabra, Diakka, Sandia and
Dacotah II. The fifteen horses in the stable won
only twenty races out of the one hundred and two
in which they started, taking in purses and stakes
$25,000.

Eminent success on the courses which the English
Jockey Club directs and controls, is accompanied by
more lucrative returns and by wider celebrity than can
be gained on American tracks. It is these considerations,
probably, not less than that of patriotism, that have led
American turfmen in recent years to turn their attention
more and more to the foreign field as worthy of their
cultivation. The rewards of these enterprises have not
in every instance been commensurate with their cost,
but, nevertheless, the chances of success have been
such as to make the venture more and more alluring.
Where once, as in the days of Messrs. Ten Broeck and
Sanford, the American turfmen were represented by

129

THE AMERICAN TURF

single stables, there' has been, particularly during the
last decade, a steady and large increase in the number
and in the strength of the strings in England representa-
tive of the United States. The careers of some of the
principal owners who have thus carried their colors back
to the early home of the thoroughbred, have been briefly
reviewed here and brought down to the present date.
There have been occasional instances besides those men-
tioned, as, for example, Mr. Fred Gebhard, who took
over Hole and St. Saviour, while even other names might
well be added to the list.

That the English turf is more than ever attractive to
American horsemen is plainly evidenced by the number
of American horses that are now annually run in the Old
World. A comparison of the record for 1897 with that
of forty years earlier is instructive. At the earlier date
Mr. Richard Ten Broeck was the solitary representative
of the American turf abroad, and the few horses that he
had with him were, as we have seen, a novelty rather
than a success. In 1897, no less than seventy-six Ameri-
can bred horses ran on the English turf, and their total
winnings amounted to a little more than $95,000. The
principal American turfmen represented were Messrs.
August Belmont, Pierre Lorillard, Richard Croker and
James R. Keene. In Mr. Belmont's string were Actinism
by imported Rayon D'Or out of Arnica; Bridegroom II.,
by imported Rayon D'Or out of imported St. Bridget; In-
vergold by imported Rayon D'Or out of Invermay ; Souver-
aine by imported Rayon D'Or out of Sultana, and Terp-
sichore II. by imported St. Blaise out of Reel Dance. The
stable was not at all successful. Souveraine won a single
race and Bridegroom II. ran third for the Liverpool Nur-
sery Stake.

Mr. Lorillard was represented by Belisama by Sensa-
tion out of Blush; Chinook by Sensation out of Breeze;
Draco by imported The Sailor Prince out of Darya; Elfin
by Sensation out of Equality, and Sandia by imported The
Sailor Prince out of Saluda. Sandia brought the most suc-
cess to his owner's colors, winning the Fern Hill Stakes
and the New Biennial Stakes at Ascot; the Lingfield
Summer Handicap at Lingfield; the Scarborough Stakes
at Doncaster, and the Old Cambridgeshire Handicap at
Newmarket. He also ran second for the Brighton Cup,
and was third to Comfrey for the Cambridgeshire Handi-
cap. Belisama won the Bentinck Plate at five furlongs,
and the same plate at six furlongs, both at Nottingham.
Draco won the Visitor's Plate at Newmarket from a field
of twenty, the Quarndon Plate at Derby and the Drake-
low Stakes at Derby. Elfin won the Biennial Stakes at
Ascot and was second for the Chesterfield Stakes at
Newmarket. Mr. Croker had in his string Americus by
Emperor of Norfolk out of Clara D. ; Nashville by Iro-
quois out of Boulotte; Princeton by Hanover out of Mar-
garine; Rhoda B. by Hanover out of Margarine, and

Santa Anita by imported Cheviot out of Alaho. Americus
won the Riddleworth Plate at Epsom and the South-
down Plate at Brighton. Rhoda B. won the Exning
Plate at Newmarket. Mr. Keene was represented by St.
Cloud by imported Candlemas out of Belle of May wood;
and his horse ran third to Galtee More for the Doncaster
St. Leger and second to Comfrey for the Cambridgeshire
Handicap.

The esteem with which the American bred blood
horse is now regarded by English turfmen was shown
by the number of animals that were the inmates of Eng-
lish stables in 1897. Among owners who thus displayed
their belief in American stock, Lord William Beresford
was especially conspicuous. The American bred horses
that he ran during the season were Berzak by Sensation
out of Belphoebe; Blondin II. by The Bard out of Equi-
poise; Bloozen by Sensation out of Blush; Day Star by
Sensation out of Dolinka; Diakka by imported The
Sailor Prince out of Rizpah; Jiffy II., by imported The
Sailor Prince out of Joy; Keenan by Lisbon out of Patri-
mony; Lamerock by Sensation out of Lizzie Cox; Libra
by Sensation out of Lima; Meta II. by Sensation out of
Magnetic, and Tuxedo by imported Pontiac out of Annie
F. At the head of the list of all the winning Americans
of the season stood Diakka, who was successful in the
Subscription Stakes at Newmarket, the Duke of York
Stakes at Kempton, the Peveril of the Peak at Derby and
the Duchess of York Stakes at Hurst Park. He also ran
second for the Stewards' Cup at Goodwood. His win-
nings were $19,541. Berzak ran second for the New-
market Stakes and fourth for the Two Thousand
Guineas, both of which were won by Galtee More.
Bloozen ran third for the Rangemore Stakes at
Warwick. Jiffy II. won the Old Nursery Stakes at
Newmarket. Keenan ran second for the Manchester
Cup and also second for the Manchester November
Handicap. Meta II. won the Warren Nursery Stakes
at Leicester.

Dolabra by Emperor out of Dolinka, and owned by
Mr. Dobell, was successful in five out of twelve starts.
He won the Stand Plate at Doncaster, and the Stanley
Plate at Kempton Park, and ran a dead heat with Maid
of Valetta for the Windemere Plate at Liverpool, divid-
ing the stakes. Mr. H. Monkshall's Brave Himyar by
Himyar out of Bravoura, won three out of the seven
races in which he started, his successes being for the
Quarndon Plate at Derby, the Sheen Plate at the Kemp-
ton Park Easter Meeting, and the same plate at the
Kempton Park August Meeting. Mr. Gottschalk's
Atossal by Sensation out of Austraiana, won the Nevill
Plate at Lewes. Mr. J. L. Dugdale's Beryl by Sensation
out of Belphoebe, won the Wigston Plate at Leicester.
Mr. A. Cockburn's David 11. by Tenny out of Quesal,
won the Leicestershire October Handicap at Leicester.

J 30

THE AMERICAN TURF

Mr. G. M;iclachl;in's Don Alonzo by Long Taw out of
Round Dance, won four out of twelve races in which he
started, and was third for the Manchester November
Handicap. Mr. J. A. Miller's Glaring by imported The
Sailor Prince out of Flash, won the Wood Ditton Stakes
at Newmarket. Mr. M. D. Rocker's Lapwing 11. by
Sensation out of Lizzie Cox, won a single race,
and was third for the Great Surrey Breeders' Foal
Plate, and also third for the Seaton Deleval Plate at
Newcastle.

Other American bred horses on the English turf this sea-
son were Albany by Hanover out of Burletta ; Banquet by
imported Rayon D'Or out of Ella T. ; Bowers by
imported Great Tom out of Moselle; Gallatin by
imported St. Blaise out of Emma; Eau Gallie by Iroquois
out of Duchess; Capitola by imported Islington out of
Louise; Damsel II. by Kinglike out of Stonecrop; Har-
vard by Hanover out of Extra; Kidnapper II. by Mag-
netizer out of Lady Kidbrooke; Lexington by Strath-
more out of Heleva; Montauk by Strathmore out of
Spinaway; Moss Rose II. by Salvator out of Bedotte;
New Jersey by Tristan out of Silver Blue; Prince George
II. by Sensation out of Louisette; Roman Chief by Han-
over out of Golden Reel; Sir Excess by imported Sir
Modred out of Dixianna; Tagus by imported Rayon
D'Or out of Queen T. ; Tennessee by Iroquois out of
TuUahoma; Westchester by Hanover out of Cyrilla, and
Yale by Strathmore out of Bonnie Lee. The owners of
these horses, other than those already mentioned, were
Messrs. Riley, Diggle, E. Crawford, F. Fitton, J. F. Hal-
leck, G. Parker, R. K. Sampson, H. McCalmont, G.
Lambton, A. Cockburn, T. Leader, W. Sibary, C. A.
Mills, J. T. Wood, R. Thirwell, B. Seton, C. Hibbert, A.
B. Saddler, W. Wiston, L. Rothschild, F. R. Hunt, J.
Cannon, B. Waterer, J. Wood, J. Widger, J. G. R.
Homfray, and M. R. Lebaudy, Sir H. de Trafford and
Sir J. Duke. In all, the American bred horses ran in 379
races, of which they won 59, were second 45 times,
third 54 times, and unplaced 221 times. Mr. Keene's
St. Cloud also started once in France, where he ran
unplaced in the Grand Prix.

Although, as appears from this record, the number of
American stables and particularly the number of Amer-
ican bred horses that were prominent in the English
events for this season was considerably in excess of the
number of those that had appeared in any previous year,
and offered an agreeable contrast to the list of Mr. Ten
Broeck's lonely venture in 1856, their success was not
as pronounced as patriotic Americans could wish.
Nevertheless, on the whole, the situation was not con-
sidered discouraging and a larger number of American
horses was entered for British stakes in ensuing seasons
than at any previous time. Mr. Lorillard did well enough
in 1897 with his American horses and an American

trainer, to encourage him to enlarge his stable, and his
victories seemed to act as an incentive to other ambitious
turfmen to enter the same field. But he is now associ-
ated with a British partner, Lord William Beresford, who
is even more active than he in the management of the
stable of which Mr. John Huggins is the trainer. A deep
interest still attaches to Mr. Lorillard, as having been the
pioneer in the present generation to challenge the British
upon their own grounds.

To Messrs. Lorillard, Keene, Belmont and Croker may
be added the names of other Americans, who will still
continue to try their fortunes in the future as in the past,
on the historic grounds so dear to our kin beyond the
sea. The English turf is in every way abundantly worthy
of the enthusiastic support of the vast multitudes that
delight to see the thoroughbred champions vie with each
other in world-renowned combats. Many who have
studied the subject thoroughly hold that the turf in that
country is better managed than the American. There
may be reasonable doubt, however, on this point, for, as
a rule, both in England and in this country, while mis-
takes have sometimes been made, the stewards, starters
and other officials who hold important turf places, enjoy
and deserve to the fullest extent the trust and esteem of
those who follow the races, either as participants or
spectators. It is commendable, however, in our leading
American sportsmen that, while not disdaining honors to
be won in their native land, they should seek the trans-
cendent fame that can come to them in a greater degree
by success in the historic contests of the mother country.
Their triumphs there must have something more than a
mere personal character, for at Epsom, Newmarket,
Ascot and wherever else they may appear, they repre-
sent, not alone themselves, but also America and the
American thoroughbred.

One result that has been hoped for as an outgrowth
of the interest displayed by American turfmen in the
turf of England, has not yet been apparent. That the
enterprise exhibited in taking American thoroughbreds
abroad might in time bring about a return movement of
English horsemen to try their fortunes in this country in
friendly rivalry, for the great events of the American turf
has been the fond dream of all American sportsmen for
more than a generation. There has been almost no
reciprocation of this character, however. In 1876, a
single instance that was an exception to the constitu-
tional apathy displayed by the Englishmen toward the
American turf, encouraged hope that, thus the ice once
broken, we should soon see a manifest change in this
particular. Years have passed, however, and the Eng-
lish turfmen still remain conspicuous in America solely
by their absence.

It is quite true that the emoluments of the English
turf are, generally speaking, superior to those of this

131

THE AMERICAN TURF

country, and therefore it is natural that English owners under the climatic conditions and the customs governing

should adhere to their own tracks. The objection of the the American turf is very desirable, does not admit of

risk and expense of transferring an English string to doubt. It would give an additional line toward the

the United States has been advanced as another reason settlement of the much-vexed question of the relative

for the Englishmen remaining at home, but it does not superiority of the two equine races, American and

seem that in this respect the English sportsman should English. Such an experiment, or series of experi-

be any less enterprising than his American cousin. That ments, would afford the greatest delight to American

the trying of English thoroughbreds in the United States, turfmen.

132

THE AMERICAN TURF

PIERRE LORILLARD

132

RACING OFFICIALS

The Men Who Directed the Affairs of the Turf in Days Gone By— Some Celebrated

Handicappers — The Jockey Club, its Work and its Influential

Members — Distinguished Modern Turfmen

^ N the early days of the American turf that class of
1 ) gentlemen known in more recent times under the
^ general title of racing officials had, comparatively

• . speaking, not yet appeared. Racing had not then
assumed a magnitude, nor a character that called for the
wise and painstaking oversight that it is now necessary
to give to it. The courses were few in number, while
owners who made a business of their attention to the
sport were not numerous. Many of the race tracks
were private business enterprises that came very little, if
at all, under the supervision of any turfmen, save their
owners. The few jockey clubs that existed were widely
separated, and their interests clashed with each other
to a very limited degree, if at all. There was a free and
easy manner about racing events in those days that can-
not possibly obtain at the present time when so many
hundreds of individuals are vitally concerned in results.
Judges there were, of course, and stewards, but their
duties were of a simple character compared with those
that to-day are delegated to the gentlemen who now
hold similar positions.

The elaborate and intricate rules governing racing and
all the manifold details of management are features
almost entirely of the modern development of the turf
They have resulted from the enormous expansion of
turf affairs during the last generation or so and the mul-
tiplication of so many varied interests that have sprung
up into vital connection with it. Especially the system
of handicapping and the mode of betting have
originated in the present day and have overshad-
owed the turf in a manner that could scarcely have been
dreamed of fifty years ago. Under these changed con-
ditions the modern racing officials have been developed
and their duties have become so extensive and onerous
that it is quite within reason to say that the welfare, if
not the entire existence of the turf, depends upon their
wisdom, truthfulness and hard work. The racing offi-
cials, including the presidents of the jockey clubs
and the stewards, with handicappers, starters and
judges, now constitute a body of sportsmen who have
an enormous power for evil or for good. It is to their
credit and to the advantage of turf interests that this
power has been almost invariably exercised, energetic-
ally and honestly and for the best interests of the sport
in whose prosperity all are concerned.

New York has been particularly fortunate in the num-
ber and the character of the high-minded sportsmen,
who, in various official capacity, have substantially con-
tributed to the advancement of racing interests in and
about the metropolis. From the days of Mr. Francis
Morris, Mr. John C. Stevens and others of the ante-
bellum times down to the immediate present, they have
always been foremost among turfmen of the country.
By their attention to the direction of racing aff^iirs and to
the practical solution of many of the puzzling problems
that have from time to time arisen, they have contributed
very markedly to the development and the prosperity of
the turf in all parts of the country. The elaborate rules
of government made necessary by the phenomenal
growth of the turf in modern times practically originated
with the racing officials of the North and they have been
a most powerful factor in building up racing into the full
stature of a national institution.

Some names of the immediate past stand out in
special prominence in this connection. No one who has
even the slightest acquaintance with the history of the
American turf can fail to be impressed with the vast in-
fluence for good that was exercised by Mr. D. D. Withers.
No more conservative or more thorough sportsman than
he has ever had a place in the annals of the turf, whether
it be of this country or of England. Like the Morrises,
who were also identified with the turf in his generation,
he came of one of the oldest New York families, his
father being Reuben Withers, well known as the presi-
dent of the Bank of the State of New York and one of the
fashionable residents of the old Second Avenue. Mr. D.
D. Withers was brought up to a business career, and at
an early age became a clerk in the shipping house of the
firm of Howland & Aspinwall. While he was a mere
boy he was sent to New Orleans to take charge there of
the business of the house with which he was connected.
In the Southern city he soon set up independently,
becoming a large dealer in cotton and farming properties
and buying and selling plantations in Louisiana and Mis-
sissippi. When the Civil War broke out, he gave his
allegiance to the South, although his father was for the
North, his long residence in the former section, begun at
a youthful and impressionable age, having made him
thoroughly Southern in sympathies and opinions.
During the progress of the war he visited England and

133

THE AMERICAN TURF

the continent of Europe, and in after years he delighted
to tell how he had been a witness of the great Derby of
1865, when the Blue Ribbon of the English turf went for
the first time to a French bred horse, the great Gladia-
teur.

Returning to this country in 1866, he settled again in
New York. During his residence in New Orleans he had
been a member of the Jockey Club there, but had not
been identified with racing interests in the East until he
was invited to join the organization of the American
Jockey Club. At the first club meeting he was chosen
one of the governors, and held that oifice during the rest
of his life. Associated with Mr. John F. Purdy, he bought
a string of race horses, and at once became prominent
in turf circles. He was called the "mentor of the
American turf," and effectively demonstrated his right to
that title, for he was the highest ideal of a true sports-
man that this country or perhaps any other has ever pro-
duced. As the owner of an extensive stable, as a large
breeder, as one of the founders of the finest race course in
America, and perhaps in the world, as an able and inde-
fatigable administrator of turf law, he conferred countless
obligations on the racing community. At the time of
his death he was Chairman of the Board of Control, and
from his familiarity with the rules of racing he was
called "the American Admiral Rous." Nearly all the
rules governing the running of horses in the East and
the United -States were drafted by him, and he was the
acknowledged American authority in all such matters.

For many years Brookdale, which Mr. Withers estab-
lished and made fomous, was one of the favorite resorts
of the leading turfmen of the period in the vicinity
of New York. To quote from an appreciative article
that appeared in The Spirit of the Times long ago: "It
was in the library at Brookdale that the sage (Mr.
Withers) would buckle down at the desk after his
guests had retired to sleep and frame his stake conditions,
enter his foals on 'the foal list,' and mate his mares by
aid of tables showing percentage of Touchstone, Par-
tisan and Birdcatcher blood. Here also he framed the
Rules of Racing, codifying the latest English rules into
an amended digest to suit American conditions. Mid-
night oil burned low, for it was the 'wee sma' hours,'
when he sought his couch, but if there was a trial of
Juvenile or Criterion candidates set down for the next
morning none rose earlier than he. And what famous,,
gay and brilliant meetings have been held at this same
library in the piping days of the black silk jacket. Editor
Hurlburt and Mr. Sam Ward, Wade Hampton, Beaure-
gard, rather grizzled, but as erect and polite as in the
old Fort Sumter days; Duncan F. Kenner, who revived
old New Orleans recollections; August Belmont; John
F. Purdy, silver-voiced, but bright as gold on racing
questions; Judge Monson, austere and authoritative;

J. G. K. Lawrence, with whom the old gentleman quar-
reled, but respected most profoundly."

At the time of his death Mr. Withers was Chairman of
the Board of Control and was rendering incalculable
service to racing interests that were concentrated in and
about New York. His active racing career lasted for
more than a quarter of a century, and during that entire
period he was never in any way concerned in any trans-
actions that could in the slightest degree redound to his
discredit or bring suspicion upon the turf In the business
world he was the executor of his father's estate, although,
at his own request, he never inherited a dollar, being better
satisfied to have achieved his fortune solely by his own
unaided efforts. For a long time he was president and
manager of the East River Ferry franchise, which was
afterward sold to a syndicate in which Austin Corbin
and the Vanderbilts were mostly interested.

Any consideration of those individuals, who have been
prominently identified with the American turf in the one
hundred and fifty years of its existence, would be
obviously and inexcusably incomplete, if it did not give
attention to the very great services of Mr. Leonard W.
Jerome. His name, with a few others, stands far and
away at the head of the list of those to whom the turf in
contemporaneous times has owed its standing and pros-
perity. Not even in the generations long gone by, when
racing was conserved by those gentlemen of influence
whose careers are elsewhere dwelt upon, were there
any who surpassed Mr. Jerome in integrity of pur-
pose, enterprise and unselfish devotion to the best inter-
ests of racing. .Mr. Jerome's racing career extended over
fully a quarter of a century, and during part of that
period he was a prime factor in the revival of general
interest in the sport in the North, a revival that was the
precursor and the basis of the phenomenally successful
and gratifying condition of contemporaneous racing.

Belonging to one of the oldest New York families, and
being one of the most successful financiers of his genera-
tion, Mr. Jerome had that prestige which social standing
and wealth confer upon a man. His natural qualities of
character were such that he endeared himself to a large
circle of acquaintances, and in his energetic efforts to re-
habilitate racing he commanded the co-operation of a
large contingent of gentlemen of wealth. At the time
when he undertook the seemingly discouraging work of
reviving the dormant interests in affairs of the turf just
after the close of the Civil War, racing was circumscribed
by very narrow limits, and the outlook for its future was
exceedingly discouraging. A love of the sport still ex-
isted, however, and Mr. Jerome, with those who associ-
ated themselves with him, fully recognizing this fact,
based their plans accordingly for the regeneration of the
race course. He was a prime mover in the organization
of the American Jockey Club and in the opening of its

34

TIIF. AMERICAN TURF

LEONARD W. JEROME

134

THE AMERICAN TURF

JAMES G. K. LAWRENCE
134

THE AMERICAN TURF

course at Jerome Park, that was named in his honor, hi
that and in other enterprises that afterward sprang into
being in the Eitst he was untiringly active. His colors,
blue, white stripes, were long familiar to frequenters of
race courses and even after he had retired his stable, he
still retained his official connection with the sport to which
he had so energetically devoted a great part of his lifetime.
As president, he was at the head of three leading East-
ern tracks, and to them, particularly, he gave time and
money in the most unstinted manner. He was a gener-
ous buyer of good thoroughbreds and enriched his stable
with some of the best stock of the period in which he
lived. One of his most celebrated coups was the pur-
chase of Kentucky, the son of Lexington and Magnolia,
for the sum of $40,000, which would be a large amount
to pay for a thoroughbred, even in these days, and was
much more so at the time when he was buying.

Not alone in racing circles was Mr. Jerome conspicu-
ous. He was a bold and dashing financier and identi-
fied with many of the big operations of Wall Street.
During the Civil War he was one of the most patriotic
supporters of the Union cause, being lavish in his contri-
butions to the Government, and in many quiet ways as-
sisting the cause to which he was devoted. In other
sporting circles besides racing he was active and influ-
ential. As an expert whip, he was identified with the
annals of coaching in this country and did much to pro-
mote that fashionable divertisement. He was one of the
best four-in-hand drivers in the country. Interested also
in yachting, he was not less influential in promoting the
interests of that sport than he was in upbuilding racing
and driving. The first yacht that he ever owned was
the Undine. Afterward he was part owner of the Rest-
less with Commodore McVicker, and part owner of the
Dauntless with Mr. James Gordon Bennett. In the great
ocean race of 1870 between the Dauntless and Cambria
he came conspicuously to the front as a representative
American yachtsman. He also owned one of the earliest
steam yachts that sailed in American waters, the Clarita.
As a patron of the fine arts, a leader in the social life ot
the period and a gentleman of high intellectual attain-
ments and of brilliant wit, he was one of the most
prominent figures in New York life in the last quarter of
the nineteenth century. His death occurred in 1890.

Closely connected with Mr. Jerome in business, social
and sporting life, Mr. William R. Travers, who died four
years before his distinguished associate passed away,
also left a very distinct and valuable impress upon turf
aflfairs of the period. Mr. Travers came naturally by his
predeliction for racing affairs. He was a native of Mary-
land, where his family had been identified with the turf
in connection with the Bowies, Pucketts, Johnsons and
other noted racing families of that section. After he
settled in New York in business, he become associated

with John Hunter, of Westchester County, and formally
entered upon racing in 1863. Prominent in the stable that
he owned, in conjunction with .Messrs. Hunter and Osgood,
were Kentucky, Areola, Ulrica, Flora Mclvor and Oliata.
When racing revived after the close of the Cival War, he
was one of the syndicate that formed the Annieswood
Stable to compete with the strong stables from the South
that were making their appearance upon the Northern
race tracks. In this venture he was associated with
Messrs. John Hunter, Leonard W. Jerome, August Bel-
mont and R. W. Cameron. The stable bought liberally,
both in Kentucky and abroad, and raced under mauve
colors.

When the Annieswood was dissolved in 1869, Messrs.
Hunter and Travers resumed racing under the orange
jacket. They established a stud and bred many horses,
continuing in business until 1874. Among the most
celebrated horses that they raised were Alarm, Rhada-
manthus, Olitipa, Cannie Bairn and Intrigue, while they
also owned Buckden, King Bolt, King Pin, Sultana and
others. One of their sensational ventures was matching
their stallion Censor, a Gloamin colt, for $10,000 against
Mr. R. W. Cameron's Miss Alice, a contest in which
they were defeated. They were also the principals in
several other notable races of that period. Their filly.
Intrigue, beat Mr. Littell's Emma Johnson colt, in a
match for $1,000 a side. The same year they paid for-
feit in a match that had been made for Intrigue against
Mr. August Belmont's Finesse, and, also in the same
season, 1869, they lost a $5,000 match with Intrigue,
who was beaten by Finesse. In 1871, they won a
$10,000 match with Alarm, beating Mr. R. W. Cameron's
Inverary. As a three-year old. Alarm was never beaten,
and, in 1874, Olitipa was considered one of the best
horses in any Northern stable.

In the death of Mr. John Minor, who was the trainer
for Messrs. Hunter and Travers, that stable met with a
severe loss, and decided to discontinue business. They
sold Rhadamanthus and their other leading horses in
1874, and Mr. Travers never appeared again as a racing
owner on the track. Nevertheless, he still retained his in-
terest in the turf, and was one of the most influential turf-
men of the seventies and eighties. After 1877, he was
the owner of the Valley Brook Farm, at Rutherford Park,
N. J., and, for sometime before his death, was one of
the largest owners of the Jerome Park property, being
also a stockholder of the Coney Island Jockey Club.
For many years he was President of the Saratoga Racing
Association. Beginning with the early seventies, he
instituted the Travers Stake at Saratoga, and annually
presented to the winner a valuable piece of silver plate
as a trophy. From the foundation of the American
Jockey Club he was one of its stewards, and was also
for many years President of the New York Athletic Club

135

THE AMERICAN TtFRF

and of the Racquet Club. He was a striking example of
the best type of the all-around American sportsman.

Although the senior Mr. August Belmont attained to
distinction as an owner and breeder, second to no
American turiman, either of the past or the present, his
services to the cause of racing as an official were not
less important. When some future historian of thor-
oughbred racing in the United States sets forth the
causes that gave popularity and character to the sport in
the latter years of the nineteenth century, the example
of Mr. Belmont will necessarily be the theme of praise
as high as it is fully deserved. His name is intimately
associated with the establishment of racing in this coun-
try upon a dignified footing, while it is synonymous
with sportsmanship of the loftiest type. Considering
racing officials of the past, he is entitled to as full con-
sideration as any man of his day. It is not saying too
much of him to assert that to no small degree the pros-
perity of the turf of the present day was due to his
efforts.

Mr. Belmont filled so large a place in the view of the
public that it is impossible to speak of his connection
with sport by itself alone. This was only one phase
of his many-sided personality, and the success and hon-
ors which he gained upon the turf were only other mani-
festations of his strength of character and of will and his
indomitable energy that made him eminent in many
pursuits. Born at Alzey, in the Prussian Rhineland, in
1816, his ancestors had been people of wealth for several
centuries, as well as of great influence in public affairs.
The circumstances of his family were such that he
received all the advantages which wealth and position
could secure, including a Hberal classical education. At
an early age, however, he determined upon a commer-
cial, rather than a professional career, and entered the
banking house of the famous Rothschilds, in Frankfort-
on-Main. Subsequently he held a position in the branch
of the same establishment, at Naples, developing a
business capacity of the highest order and a remarkable
talent for finance. In 1837, when but twenty-one years
old, he came to New York and established the banking
house which under his name has prospered through all
the vicissitudes of business and finance, and which,
from . the date of its foundation, more than sixty years
ago, to the present day, has represented the interests of
the Rothschilds in America.

It is not germane to the purpose of this article to
dwell upon the conspicuous part which, for fifty years,
Mr. Belmont played in financial affairs, both of this
country and of Europe. It is sufficient to say succinctly
that he was one of the world's greatest financiers in his
day and generation. Brief mention must, at least, be
made to his political career, for his activity in public life
exhibited one of the strongest and most important sides

of his nature. As soon as he arrived in this country he
became an American citizen, determined to identify him-
self completely with his adopted country. Thoroughly
a man of the people, he joined the Democratic party and
became at once prominent in its councils. Generally
speaking, public office had no allurements for him, but
he rendered great service to the Government at notable
crises in its history, especially in such matters as related
to its financial affairs. Diplomacy was quite in keeping
with his taste, and had he chosen to devote himself to
that career he would undoubtedly have been as brilliantly
successful as he was in the financial world. From 1844
to 1850 he held the post of Consul-General of the Austrian
Empire in New York. In 1852, he was appointed by
President Franklin Pierce to be Minister of the United
States to the Court of the Netherlands, and served with
distinction to himself and advantage to the nation.
Other tenders of public office were made to him, but
these he invariably declined, although he was always
ready to give the National Government the benefit of his
counsels. Having labored earnestly to avert the rupture
between the North and the South that led to the Civil
War, he gave his most patriotic support to the cause of
the Union when the perilous days came. He aided in
the creation of some of the earliest German regiments
recruited in New York, and twice crossed the ocean to
carry on important and delicate negotiations on behalf of
the Government, receiving the thanks of President Lin-
coln for his valuable services. He was Chairman of the
Democratic National Committee from i860 until 1872,
when he retired from active political life.

Many other features in Mr. Belmont's versatile, yet
strong, character also helped to make him one of the fore-
most men of his time. It was justly said of him that he
understood and did more things well than any man of his
day. A leadership in the social world came to him as
easily as his prominence in business. He was a dis-
criminating patron of music, literature and art, and his
magnificent gallery of paintings by the world's foremost
masters was one of the earliest, as well as one of the
most famous, that America ever possessed. To all these
gifts and accomplishments he added an innate love of
sport which, in early life, made him an adept in manly
exercises and pursuits, and which later became crystal-
lized in his devotion to horses and the turf. His partici-
pation in racing and affairs pertaining to that sport dated
from the very inception of racing under its present
auspices. He was one of that group of famous gentle-
men sportsmen who combined to establish the American
Jockey Club, and his selection as its first president, in
1866, a position that he held for twenty years, was a for-
tunate choice. He brought to the position not only the
full weight of his social, political and business prestige,
but the enire racing community was the gainer by hav-

136

THE AMERICAN TURF

JOHN HUNTER
136

THE AMERICAN TURF

ALONZO C. MONSON

136

THE AMERICAN TURF

ing, as its head, a gentleman of such matured judgment,
high sportsmanlike instincts and thorough acquaintance
with the best traditions of the European turf.

Mr. Belmont was foremost among the men who gave
to thoroughbred racing stability, settled order and a
place among the pursuits which gentlemen of the highest
standing could follow without loss of dignity, and made
it one of the pastimes that the public could enjoy with
unalloyed satisfaction and with confidence in the integ-
rity with which it was managed. This involved both
labor and sacrifices. The racing public of the present
day can scarcely form an adequate idea of the circum-
stances that confronted Mr. Belmont and those who
were associated with him. The general community had
yet to learn the pleasure of racing. Owners were few
and widely scattered throughout the country, tracks had
to be created, and the financial burden of providing ade-
quate inducements for the breeding and running of high
class horses had to be supplied by the principal lovers of
the pursuit themselves. The successful results are the
best evidence of the spirit in which the great work was
undertaken, and on the roll of honor of those prominent
in the task the name of August Belmont will ever hold a
leading place.

One of the oldest, if not quite the oldest of American
racing officials, is Mr. Charles Wheatly, who, after a long
and active turf career, still lives in the quiet enjoyment of
his recollections of the glorious days of the past. More
than a generation ago, before the beginning of the Civil
War, he was called to be secretary of the Kentucky As-
sociation. Even previous to that time he had been
vitally interested in the thoroughbred, and was already
considered one of the leading authorities in the United
States upon all matters pertaining to the blood horse and
his performances. For many years he rendered able
service to the Kentucky Association, and there attracted
the attention of turfmen from all parts of the country.
When racing was revived in the North in the later six-
ties, and the Saratoga Association and afterward the
American Jockey Club were organized, those who were
interested in the enterprises agreed that Mr. Wheatly was
the one man in the country whose services were imper-
atively needed.

Upon the special request of Mr. John Hunter, he came
to New York in 1865, and with Dr. John B. Irving was
instrumental in outlining the racing policy that started
the turf of the North upon the phenomenally brilliant
career that distinguished it for the next ten years or more.
His first activity was as secretary of the Saratoga Associ-
ation. One of the first members of the American Jockey
Club, his services to that organization were invaluable
and upon the retirement of Dr. Irving in 1869 he became
its secretary. For many years he continued in this
double official capacity for Jerome Park and Saratoga,

and when the Monmouth Park Association was reorgan-
ized he was also retained as secretary of the new associa-
tion. In 1880 his secretaryship of the three enterprises
becoming burdensome, and to a certain extent incom-
patible one with the other, he retired from official con-
nection with Jerome Park and Monmouth Park, and
devoted himself exclusively to the direction of the affairs
of the Saratoga Association.

In 1884, Mr. Wheatly was invited to become secretary
of the Maryland Jockey Club, of which he was a member,
but did not accept, preferring to retain his place with
the Saratoga Association. Throughout his active con-
nection with the turf he was known as one of the most
indefatigable workers, and for many years carried the
entire burden of Saratoga upon his shoulders. He was
not only secretary and clerk, performing all the duties
incident to those positions, but was superintendent of
the course and official handicapper, and even kept the ac-
counts between owners and the association. His racing
experience was of the most extensive character, and he
had a knowledge of American pedigrees that was sur-
passed by none and probably equaled by but few of his
contemporaries. He was a veritable walking encyclo-
pedia upon all matters relating to the turf and to the
thoroughbred, not only of his own time, but also of the
past.

Most of the old-timers who were prominently identi-
fied with the turf a generation and more ago have
passed away before the closing years of this century
have gone into history. Only occasionally, here and
there, one still remains a connecting link between the
past and the present. Judge A. C. Munson, once the
close friend of Mr. D. D. Withers and the intimate asso-
ciate of those who made the turf great in the sixties, still
survives a vigorous old man, rich in reminiscences of days
gone by. He has had a long, and notable career. Gradu-
ated from Columbia College, he afterward took a course
of instruction in the Yale Law School, studied in the
offices of Mr. Ambrose Jordan and Mr. Benjamin W. Bon-
ney and was admitted to the bar when he was only
twenty years of age. Associated with his brother-in-
law, Mr. Robert H. Morris, he practiced for several. years
at the New York bar, and was soon regarded as one of
the most promising young men of that day.

When the excitement over the discovery of gold upon
the Pacific Coast broke out, he caught the prevalent
fever and went to California. It was not with pick and
shovel that he entered upon life there. Taking his law
books with him and hanging out a shingle in Sacra-
mento, he entered upon the practice of law. In the
Golden State he made rapid progress and became a
leading member of the bar. In 1852, Governor John Bigler
appointed him to fill a vacancy in the District Court, and
before his term of service expired, the next Governor

137

THE AMERICAN TURF

tendered him an appointment to tlie bench of the Su-
preme Court. This offer he declined and returned to
his former home in New York. A year later, in 1858,
he made a visit to Europe. Upon his return from
abroad he again went to California and re-entered upon
the practice of his profession, remaining there until
1863. After the latter date he was settled permanently
in New York.

It was soon after his return to the metropolis that he
met Mr. Withers, and the acquaintance that thus sprang
up ripened into a friendship that has been likened to
that of Schmucke and Pons, which Balzac has immortal-
ized. For years, thereafter, these two companions fol-
fowed the turf, a pair of walking encyclopedias upon all
matters pertaining to the race track. They had the
utmost admiration for each other and their fast friend-
ship terminated only with the death of Mr. Withers.
As a member of the American Jockey Club, Judge
Munson was always regarded as a supreme authority on
all law matters relating to the turf, both general and
special. He was Vice-President, Treasurer and member
of the Executive Committee of the club for more than
twenty years. As a steward and a judge at many
meetings, he occupied a high position in the esteem of
his fellow turfmen and performed an important part in
racing affairs in the sixties and seventies and even
later. Although he never owned a race horse, few men
have been better judges of horseflesh or more familiar
with the history of the American thoroughbred.

An active member of the McDaniel Confederacy with
Colonel McDaniel and Al Gage, Mr. John E. Brewster
had a prominent part in turf affairs, in the West espe-
cially, for more than twenty years. He was born in
Massachusetts in 1833, and died in 1894. After some
years of business life in New York, he became identified
with racing affairs in the early seventies. - Among the
horses of which he was part owner were Harry Bassett,
Springbok, Joe Daniels, and Kjtie Pease, the two latter
being famous four-milers. Katie Pease was a strong can-
didate for the $30,000 purse that was hung up for a four-
mile race in San Francisco in 1875, but was defeated by
Foster. Another good horse owned by Mr. Brewster and
his partners, was Virginius, the sire of Verge d'Or. Mr.
Brewster was an excellent judge of horseflesh, and it
was upon his advice that Mr. E. J. Baldwin purchased
Rutherford and Grinstead, who won such success as
sires at the Santa Anita Ranch. When the Washington
Park Jockey Club was organized in 1884, Mr. Brewster
became its secretary, a position that he retained until
the time of his death. He gave active personal atten-
tion to the details of management of that club, and the
racing conducted under its management, and had a
reputation as a handicapper second to none of his con-
temporaries.

Few men have been better or more favorably known
in modern racing circles than Dr. Gideon L. Knapp,
who died in 1895. One of the most active members of
the Jockey Club of New York, his reputation as a turf-
man extended wherever thoroughbreds were run. He
had been prominently identified with the turf for only a
few years, his first racing being under the name of the
Oneck Stable. But his enthusiasm, and his general
devotion to the sport, carried him to the front with a
rush, and gained for him a reputation that might well
have been the result of a lifetime of work as a sportsman.
When the Jockey Club was formed in 1894, he became
one of its stewards, and was also the steward of various
race meetings. In that capacity, he showed unexpected
facility in dealing with racing affairs and was an exceed-
ingly valuable adviser, so much so, that a great deal of
the practical work pertaining to racing meetings con-
stantly fell to him. As the owner of Sir Walter, one of the
victorious two-year olds of 1892, he won special dis-
tinction. Previous to that time, in conjunction with
Mr. Fred Hoey and Mr. Chauncey Floyd-Jones, he
owned Kyrle Daly out of Faux Pas. For Sir
Walter he paid, as a yearling, $900. Subsequently, as a
member of the Oneck Stable, he participated in the
ownership of Fusilleer, Micmac, Queen lola. The Coon,
Doggett and California. Aside from his career as a turf-
man. Dr. Knapp was a successful practicing physician.
He was the son of Mr. Gideon Knapp, who belonged
to the older generation of New York sportsmen, and
was a lover of fine horses, being an intimate associate of
Commodore Vanderbilt, Robert Bonner and others.

Among the scores, yea hundreds, of notable turfmen
of the West, it may seem almost invidious to select any
particular ones for special attention. As a type of his
class, however. Major Elias Lawrence, who was the first
secretary of the Latonia Jockey Club, was conspicuous in
the early eighties. He was Kentuckian born, and that
statement in itself is quite sufficient to fully account for
his interest in the turf He was born in Louisville, and
his family was one of the oldest in that section of the
country. From early youth he began to follow the race
course and maintained that connection until the time of
his death in 1885. During the Civil War he was engaged
in the Confederate service, being a member of Morgan's
famous command. As a soldier he won distinction for
his bravery and as being a dashing, forceful officer, and
before the end of the conflict had attained the rank of
Major. When racing was revived in the South after the
close of the Civil War, he again turned his attention to
that sport, and was well known upon all the great race
courses of the country. North and South. With the ad-
vent of the Dwyer brothers upon the turf, he became one
of their most intimate friends and their valued counselor.
Upon the formation of the Latonia Jockey Club he was

138

THE AMERICAN TURF

elected to be its secretary, and for many years was the
leading spirit of the race meetings conducted under the
auspices of that organization. He had the honor of hav-
ing a horse, the brother to Volturno, named after him, a
distinction that he probably enjoyed quite as much as
anything that ever came to him in his long and memor-
able career.

Another well-known horseman of the West was Mr.
George W. Darden, of Tennessee, who, although he was
connected with the turf only a dozen years or so,
achieved an excellent reputation as a devoted sportsman
and capable ofTicial. He was secretary of the Nashville
Blood Horse Association, to the success of which organ-
ization he very materially contributed. Lord Murphy,
who won the Kentucky Derby, was owned by him until
sold to Mr. James R. Keene. He also owned Aranza,
who was a great race mare, and whom he sold to Mr.
Pierre Lorillard. Among other horses that he owned
were Meditator and Harry Gilmore. He was particu-
larly noted in turf circles for being always ready to sell a
horse, no matter how good the animal might be, pro-
vided the price suited him.

Modern racing methods have made the handicapper
an otficial whose importance is not surpassed by that of
any of his associates. While the handicap has, from
time immemorial, been a feature of the English turf, it
has only come into favor in the United States in com-
paratively recent times. Our forefathers would have
stood aghast at the idea, and when it was first tried upon
the old Fashion Course on Long Island it was received
with marked disfavor. Even to this day there is a
difference of opinion regarding the virtue of handicap-
ping, many old turfmen still holding to the old-fashioned
idea that a horse should be allowed to run upon his
merit without being placed upon an artificial equality
with his competitors. Nevertheless, racing has grown
to such enormous proportions that there is no longer any
way of ignoring the handicap, for without it the sport
could not be sustained upon an extensive scale for any
length of time.

The theory of the handicap is that it brings all horses to
the post upon an equal footing. Whether this result is
attained in actual practice may indeed be seriously ques-
tioned. Handicappers, like the rest of humanity, are
fallible, and even the great Admiral Rous did not always
succeed in escaping just censure. The fact is, generally
speaking, that, after all, the great handicaps of the United
States, like the Suburban, the Brooklyn and others have, as
a rule, been won by the crack horses. It is rare, indeed,
that the second and third rate racers have been able to
carry off those prizes. In other words, although the
handicap system probably results in calling to the post
greater fields than would otherwise be seen, it is still the
horse of superior class that comes in first by the post

even though he may be laden down with weight with
the idea of giving the inferior horse something of a
show.

A perfect handicap is, of course, an impossibility. If
it v/ere otherwise we might be treated to the marvelous
spectacle of fifteen or twenty horses finishing a race head
and head. Such a dead heat might be sufficiently in-
teresting and would raise the enthusiasm of the spec-
tators to the highest pitch of excitement. But the
knowledge that such was to be the certain result of the
race would certainly put an end to all betting, and in
the course of time would weaken public concern in
racing, for the greatest interest in a racing event arises
from the satisfaction of seeing some one horse comine
in at the head of the field. Undoubtedly it is the bus-
iness of the handicapper so to distribute his weights
that the selling plater shall have an equal chance with
the speedy sprinter, but that he is not quite able to do
this is really the salvation of the turf, and is a source of
gratification to the turf world, which would never be
satisfied if the favorite fast ones did not have an advan-
tage over the others as they pass the judges' stand.

Handicapping came into vogue in England some three
quarters of a century ago. It was not until a full half
century ago, however, that it was extensively applied
to racers of high class. One of the first great races of
this character that was instituted was the Lincolnshire,
which was established in the early fifties and has even
down to the present day held its place in the front
rank. Others rapidly followed, until it was not long
before the handicap became so thoroughly identified
with the English turf that it might reasonably be con-
sidered a sort of second English racing institution. In
the judgment of English turfmen there has never been
but one handicapper in that country, and that was Ad-
miral Henry John Rous. Born in 1795, Admiral Rous
had a long and brilliant career in public life. In the navy
he passed from the lowest to the highest grade, serving
his country with distinction in active service at sea and
in the more peaceful work of the Navy Department
ashore. He was conspicuous in many engagements.
From early youth his passion for outdoor sports was
insatiable, and it was the source of his greatest satis-
faction in life that his retirement from active service in
the navy gave him the opportunity to devote himself to
the turf.

From 1836, until the time of his death in 1877, no
great race meeting ever took place in England at which
he was not present. In 1821, he became a member of
The Jockey Club and from that time on exercised a very
positive influence in the deliberations of that historic
body. In 1838, he became a steward of the club, a posi-
tion for which no man was ever better fitted, or in which
any one ever rendered more valuable service to the turf.

139

THE AMERICAN TURF

He at once took a place as an official far in advance
of any of his associates by reason of his activity and his
close application to the pursuit to which he was devot-
ing himself His single aim from first to last was to
keep the turf pure and to elevate its standard, and he
was the awe of all offenders. During the last twenty
years of his life his influence became so paramount that
he was universally looked up to as the dictator. A turf
writer has said of him: " The Admiral's bold and manly
form erect and stately, dressed in pea jacket, wearing
long, black boots or leggings, with dog whip in hand,
ready to mount his old bay horse for the course, no
matter what the weather might be, was an imposing
sight at Newmarket."

. About 1855, he took the position of public handicapper,
and his assumption of that office was greeted with accla-
mation. Previous to that, however, he had become well
known as a handicapper. The first notable instance of
his being called in to exercise this function was on the
occasion of a match between Lord Eglinton's Flying
Dutchman, five years old, and Lord Zetland's Voltigeur,
four years old, at the York Spring Meeting in 1851.
Upon that occasion he made the older horse give the
younger one 8}i pounds. During the larger part of his
racing career he managed and made all matches for the
Duke of Bedford's stable at Newmarket, his success in
that capacity being only second to that which he
achieved as a handicapper. He wrote much on racing
subjects, his contributions to_The London Times es-
pecially being voluminous and valuable, drawn as they
were from a wide and extended experience.

The long and brilliant career of Admiral Rous consti-
tuted one of the most notable features that has dis-
tinguished the English turf As a handicapper, no man
who ever lived attained to such distinction or won such
enviable and well deserved renown. He was the
Napoleon of the profession, and no one has ever pre-
sumed to question his right of superiority. He belonged
in a class by himself Making a life study of the turf
and the capacity of England's thoroughbreds, he became
an authority such as never existed before and has not
been seen since. During his lifetime, the English horse-
men united almost unanimously in lauding him to the
skies, but at the same time no one caused more swear-
ing than he did by many of his handicaps. That he
was subject to error and sometimes made serious
slips is quite true, but he saved himself by maintaining
the firmest and most persistent belief in his own infalli-
bility, and brought the world to believe in him, which
was certainly a tremendous triumph for any man placed
in his position.

Admiral Rous never lost confidence in himself down
to the day of his death. In his opinion there never ex-
isted any other handicapper worthy of a moment's con-

sideration. Near the close of his life, when enfeebled by
age and disease he was scarcely able to creep about, he
said to a friend with whom he was one day conversing,
" It's all very odd. 1 lose my way, even in going from
the Turf Club to my house near by in Berkeley Square;
but," and his eyes flashed with the spirit of his best
days as he added, "I can still handicap." There were
a few who sometimes ventured to 'take him to task to
his face for his decisions, but generally they were
worsted who tried such an experiment. Whether true
or not, it is related that Lord Calthorpe, whose favorite
horse had been handicapped beyond the possibility of
any success, ventured to raise the question of the justice
of the weight imposed and, addressing the Admiral for
the sake of drawing him out and getting him into a
corner, said:

"Now, Admiral, do you believe that my horse has any
chance of winning ? "

" None whatever," was the complacent answer.

" Do you call that handicapping, then.? 1 thoughtthat
every horse was supposed to be given an equal
chance."

It was not until many years after handicapping had
been instituted in England that it became firmly estab-
lished in this country. There were various reasons for
this, but the principal one was, probably, that the rich
planters south of the Mason and Dixon line, prior to the
Civil War period, were thoroughly imbued with a liking
for the sweepstakes for large amounts between owners
of horses at weight-for-age and at long distances. Al-
though it became more and more evident as the scope
of racing enlarged that under such conditions the best
horse had too much advantage over those who were
inferior to him in speed or staying qualities, it was not
easy to persuade the old-time turfmen to the innovation
of the handicap. About the earliest example of the
handicap in the South was in 1856 or 1857, when the
old South Carolina jockey Club put upon its programme
two or three races of this description with but little
added money to be run for over the Charleston Course.
A more important handicap was the Allen for a distance
of two miles, with $2,500 added, that was run at New-
market, Va., in 1858, when Mr. John Hunter's Nicholas
1. carried off the stakes.

When racing was revived in New York and New jer-
sey after the close of the Civil War the handicap was
for the first time in this country fully adopted as a
means of attracting large fields to the new courses. The
first experiments were tried at the old Secaucus track,
situated on the salt meadows in the rear of Hoboken,
in 1865. Handicap hurdle races, steeple chases and one
or two flat races were given. The first handicap on the
flat was 2^ miles and was won by Colonel David
McDaniel's Oakland, five years old, a son of Revenue

140

THE AMERICAN TURF

and Margrave. These early handicaps were far from
successful and did not give much promise for the future.
A few years later, however, the experiment was tried
on a larger scale and under more favorable conditions,
when, at Jerome Park, the Grand National, the Fordham
and the Jockey Club Handicaps were instituted by the
American Jockey Club. These may be considered as
really marking the definite beginning of handicapping
in the United States. The isolated examples that pre-
ceded them were in nowise important or successful,
and had been really put forward as novelties without
any idea of making them permanent. Beginning with
these Jerome Park handicaps, which at once took rank
among the most popular events, both in the estimation
of racing men and the general public, year after year
handicapping grew steadily in favor, until now the great
handicaps overshadow all other contests of the racing
season.

There are almost as many systems of handicapping as
there are handicappers. Some men keep regular book
accounts — that is, they write down every day names of
the first three horses that have contended in every race
of which a description is published, with the weights at
which they ran and the distances between them at the
finish. On the opposite side of the page the horses are
rehandicapped with such variations 'as it is presumed
would be like\y to bring them to a dead heat. Other
handicappers have been specially known for their "lad-
ders," that is, long lists of horses handicapped over
various courses from five furlongs upward, while the
weights are constantly recast. It was the custom of
Weatherby, who was for many years handicapper for
the English Jockey Club, to go through his book anew
for each fresh compilation, aided constantly by notes
made from personal observation. Some handicappers
since his time have also adhered to that practice.

Comparatively few men are successful handicappers.
England has had, perhaps, half a dozen, of whom Ad-
miral Rous was the most eminent. The best known
in this country have been Mr. J. G. K. Lawrence, Cap-
tain J. H. Coster, Mr. H. D. Mclntyre, Mr. Charles
Wheatly and Mr. Walter S. Vosburgh. There is no
position connected with the race track where the work
is more arduous and the returns so inadequate, either in
the approval of the public or the satisfaction of horse-
men. While it is, no doubt, a difficult thing to make a
good handicap, it becomes an impossibility to make one
that will suit everybody. One would think that trainers
would be people most likely to give valuable opinions
on a handicap, but, nevertheless, they are quite as often
in error as others. This arises from the fact that, while
they may know individual horses thoroughly, whether
in their own or other stables, they are apt to underrate
their own and overrate others when it comes to this im-

portant question of placing weights. After all, perhaps,
the final judgment of the public is about as good as any
that can be possibly had, since the followers of the turf
are practically unbiased, and have as clear a knowl-
edge of form as many who pass their entire lives
in the stable.

Every handicapper is liable to be imposed upon. It
is at all times difficult to escape the devices of the
trainer who is on the alert to get every advantage that
he possibly can and, therefore, we frequently see horses
running with from ten to twenty pounds in hand. In
Parole's first season in England the handicappers there
carelessly deceived themselves and let him into some
good events at very light weight, a mistake, how-
ever, that was not afterward repeated. Handicapping
by committees has been sometimes tried upon the
theory that the judgment of several men is better than
one, but the result has almost invariably disposed of the
theory, it is impossible to get a number of men to
agree on any subject, and it is especially impracticable
upon a matter like the handicap, concerning which
there is opportunity for such wide divergence of opin-
ion and such a multitude of contributing causes.

It has become proverbial that no owner can ever be
satisfied with a handicap in which he has a horse unless
it happens that he is able to win. Devices that are
resorted to to have weight taken off are numerous and
sometimes successful. One of the most common is to
run a horse until the handicapper is finally persuaded
that he is fully entitled to come in at a feather weight.
Then some day the owner sees his chance and pulls off
some great prize. It occasionally happens, however,
that this practice works out just contrary to what was
planned by the owner and trainer. The story is told
of a defeated owner at Guttenberg, who once gave
vent to his disappointment in bewailings loud and long
over the failure of such a coup that he had planned;
"pulled him five times," he exclaimed, "and now
when we cut him loose, he's beaten; it's too bad, too
bad."

Mention has already been made of Mr. James G. K.
Lawrence as one of the best handicappers known to the
American turf He was among those New Yorkers
who became interested in racing soon after the Civil
War, and was President of the Coney Island Jockey
Club. Up to the time of his death in 1895, he main-
tained a prominent position in connection with the turf,
particularly of the East. He belonged to one of the
oldest and most aristocratic families identified with the
history of New York from the earliest colonial days.
His father was Governor William B. Lawrence, of Rhode
Island, and Mr. Isaac Lawrence, the well known public
man, was his brother. In early life he was distinguished
as a gentleman rider, and achieved fame by beating the

141

THE AMERICAN TURF

famous English cross country rider, Lord Mandeville.
Finally, becoming deeply interested in the turf, he was
the junior partner in the firm of Coffin & Lawrence, and
then was the confederate of Mr. George L. Lorillard. After
severing his connection with Mr. Lorillard, when that
gentleman decided to carry on his turf ventures inde-
pendently, Mr. Lawrence was identified with the
Shrewsbury Stable. He owned Shylock by Lexington
out of Edith, and with him won a number of good races,
among the best victories of that horse being the defeat
of Asteroid at i>^ miles, and the winning of the West-
chester Cup, 2% miles, at Jerome Park, in 1874, when
he beat Wanderer, Lizzie Lucas and others.

In 1879, Mr. Lawrence became secretary of the Coney
Island jockey Club, and it has been well said of him that
"there is no doubt that much of the success which fol-
lowed the establishment of racing at Sheepshead Bay
was due to him." Upon the death of Mr. Leonard W.
Jerome in 1890, he became President of the Coney Island
Jockey Club. During his, official career he introduced
many new features in the annual racing meetings that
conduced much to the popularity of the Sheepshead Bay
Course. He was the first to put on the card the two-
year old handicap, and also originated the famous
Suburban in 1884. His purpose was to arrange a race
similar to the English City and Suburban that should
attract the best handicap horses and be a stimulus to
winter betting. From the start the Suburban fulfilled
all his expectations, becoming one of the great ante-post
betting events known to the American turf, and has
now attained to a position unrivaled by any other racing
event of the season. To him is also due the establish-
ment of the Futurity, similar to the Futurity events in
England, and he was also the author of the Realization,
which he started in 1889. As a racing official, he was
one ot the best in the country, combining, with a
complete knowledge of the thoroughbred and the details
of track management, an enthusiasm, independence
and honesty that accomplished the best results.

Another handicapper, who was particularly distin-
guished in the generation that has just passed away, was
Captain J. H. Coster. Associated with Messrs. John C.
Stevens, Robert Cambridge .Livingston, John King and
other well known New Yorkers in an unselfish devotion
to the turf back in the fifties. Captain Coster at the time
of his death, in 1895, was one of the last connecting
links between this generation of racing men and that
which had gone before. When Messrs. Stevens, Liv-
ingston and others abandoned the turf on account of the
evil condition into which it had fallen in the decade pre-
ceding the war. Captain Coster still maintained his inter-
est in it and kept in touch with the institution until its
brighter days came in the seventies and eighties. When
a young man he was a well known amateur rider and

was secretary of the American Jockey Club and the
Monmouth Park Association during the last years of the
existence of those bodies. During the Civil War, he
served in the Union Army. It was a singular coincidence
that upon the day of his funeral also occurred the funerals
of two other well-known and popular gentlemen who
had long been connected with the turf These were Dr.
Gideon L. Knapp, whose death occurred upon the same
day as that of Captain Coster, and Mr. Robert Cam-
bridge Livingston, who although, in his latter years, he
had entirely retired from participation in turf affairs, was
a useful and working member of the executive com-
mittee of the Coney Island Jockey Club when that
organization first started and contributed much to placing
the club in a firm position with the racing fraternity of
the country.

Captain Coster was a firm believer in the "ladder"
system of handicapping. When he was handicapper tor
Monmouth Park the results that he brought forth through
his original method were sometimes astounding. One
of his practices was to add five pounds to a horse for
winning a race and take off five pounds for losing. The
story is told that a facetious owner once erected a monu-
ment over the grave of one of his thoroughbreds and
inscribed upon the front of the pedestal, "He carried
top weight in Coster's handicap and won."

You can trust the trainers to quickly discover the fail-
ings of a handicapper, starter or judge, and Captain
Coster was often the victim of their cunningness. In his
latter days the good old Captain lost something of his
shrewdness and became rather prejudiced. Taking
advantage of this peculiarity the trainers adopted a very
simple method of engineering a heavy weight on a horse
which they feared. Accidentally coming together with-
in hearing of the handicapper, they would talk in
a mysterious way about the great work of this horse,
what he had done upon his trials and how sure
he was to beat anything on the track if only it was
possible to keep information from the handicapper about
his splendid form. A sudden surprise at discovering
Captain Coster within hearing distance of their whis-
pered conversation would break up the meeting, while
the unsuspicious old Captain would promptly add ten
or fifteen pounds to the weight that he had already fixed
for this particular horse.

Down to 1894, the general management of racing
affairs upon the important courses in the vicinity of New
York had been for many years delegated by the several
associations to a Board of Control. This arrangement
offered in many respects an agreeable solution of some
of the difficult problems that attended the harmonizing
of the conflicting interests of the different facts, and at
the same time reformed, or at least restricted some ot
the evils which inevitably thrust themselves upon the

142

THE AMERICAN TURF

race course. It was not, however, an ideal arrange-
ment, being found to be detective at some important
points. The several associations who had organized this
Board of Control and subjected themselves to its author-
ity, were not always satisfied with its decisions, and
ultimately there came about a great deal of clashing and
some ill feeling. Moreover, the ever returning abuses
showed themselves constantly and grew so steadily in
strength that ultimately the Board of Control found itself
powerless to destroy them.

In the summer of 1893 particularly, racing in the
vicinity of New York was decidedly overrun. The rich
returns that the turf offered to owners had proved very
alluring to many individuals of a speculative turn of
mind, and, in New Jersey in particular, race courses had
multiplied until they practically exceeded the demand of
the race loving public. Many of them inevitably became
of questionable character, and the free and easy manner
in which they were conducted reflected indirectly even
upon honest racing. It was plain to be seen that the
public which heretofore had followed racing with more
or less enthusiasm was losing its interest in the sport.
Even at Sheepshead Bay the attendance in the summer
of 1893 was largely reduced, a condition of things that
was the direct result of the disrepute into which racing
had fallen on account of the evil practices that had
attached to it elsewhere. That year the Coney Island
Jockey Club was $60,000 out of pocket.

Incidents connected with the Monmouth Park Associ-
ation management that season aggravated the situation,
and these have not yet passed out of the remembrance
of turfmen. The prolongation of the racing season at
Monmouth, by giving a twenty-six days' meeting in
August, interfered seriously with the other associations
that were members of the Board of Control and caused
a great deal of ill feeling. Practices in relation to handi-
caps and betting were tolerated there that brought
discredit to the cause of racing. In the free criticism
which was made upon the transactions of the Monmouth
Course, the stewards of the Association became resentful
and ruled off two prominent turf writers from the
grounds. The Coney Island Jockey Club was asked to
support this action of Monmouth Park, but declined to
do so and took sharp issue with the managers of the
New Jersey Course. Mr. J. G. K. Lawrence, who was
then president of the club and its representative upon
the Board of Control, resigned from the latter body.
As a result, whatever power had heretofore rested in
this board, was seriously weakened; it lost prestige
and influence and racing was in a fair way to fall back
into a state of indiscriminate irresponsibility.

Recognizing that the condition of affairs then existing
carried the seeds of the destruction of the turf, some of
the leading horsemen of New York and vicinity held re-

peated conferences during the late winter of 1893 and
discussed various measures for relief. As a first propo-
sition it was admitted that many impurities had become
attached to the turf, and that there was a great deal of
bad racing, and it was also felt that the difficulties that
lay in the way of reform were largely owing to the rac-
ing associations themselves. As one of the most out-
spoken supporters of the New York turf, at that time,
said in speaking of the subject: "One of the primary
troubles is an outgrowth of the methods by which racing
associations obtain their revenues. They demand from
bookmakers $100 a day each. Upon those days when
large stakes are to be decided, there are probably an
average of 120 bookmakers in the ring, who, altogether,
are compelled to pay for the privilege $12,000. Their
other expenses, hire of clerks, etc., generally swell that
amount by half as much more. Now, in order to get
back their money and make their business a paying ven-
ture, many of them are almost obliged to resort to dis-
honest practices. Thus the associations have placed
them in a position which puts a premium upon crook-
edness. Not all of them are thus inclined, but the
weakest of them will naturally take every possible
chance to reap gains. As a logical result trainers and
jockeys are debauched and racing is not racing at all."

While the point touched upon in this opinion did not,
by any manner of means, cover the whole case, yet it
was regarded as fairly describing one of the greatest
evils of the day that was really the root of a good part
of the trouble in which the associations found them-
selves, and of the criticism to which they were sub-
jected by the public.

Messrs. James R. Keene, J. H. Bradford and John
Hunter were among the earliest to institute active
measures looking toward the ultimate achievement of
the reform which all agreed was an imperative neces-
sity of the situation. It was decided by these gentle-
men and others with whom they conferred that the new
movement should emanate from people who were most
vitally interested in racing, that is, the owners of horses.
At a meeting called by Mr. Keene the plan was fully ex-
plained and was received with hearty approval. Pro-
longed discussion of details followed and lasted well
through the winter. Finally, several committees were
appointed from the different organizations whose co-
operation was sought for. Messrs. John Hunter, August
Belmont and James Galway represented the Board of
Control. Dr. Gideon L. Knapp and Messrs. James R.
Keene, W. P. Thompson and Perry Belmont repre-
sented the horse owners. Messrs. J. G. K. Lawrence,
John G. Heckscher and F. Gray Griswold represented
the Coney Island Jockey Club and Mr. P. J. Dwyer
represented the Brooklyn Jockey Club.

During the winter the committees held frequent ses-

143

THE AMERICAN TURF

sions and gave much time and labor to the consideration
of the subject. At last agreement was reached upon the
point of organizing a Jockey Club as the most practical
means of accomplishing the much-desired reform. To
add strength to the proposed organization, careful
thought was given to plans to secure alike the confi-
dence and the support of the owners of grounds on
which races were run and the owners of horses which
participated in the races. It was recognized that the
existing state of things could not last forever and it was
believed that such an organization as was contemplated
in The Jockey Club might make a very distinct impres-
sion upon associations and compel them to modify in
some way the method of obtaining revenue for the track
and also be influential in many other matters that were
necessary for the complete purification of the turf. As
Mr. James R. Keene said, at the time, in discussing the
situation and the causes that led to establishing The
Jockey Club, " the thing to do is to clean up the turf,
make it decent and re-establish public confidence in it."

The rules governing the English turf were practically
adopted and the new Jockey Club received its charter
early in 1894, entering upon its work in the spring of
that year. Its incorporators were Messrs. Perry Bel-
mont, W. P. Thompson, James R. Keene, Oliver H.
Payne, William C. Whitney, Frank K. Sturgis, J. B.
Haggin, John Hunter, Andrew J. Cassatt, Gideon L.
Knapp and James Galway. The first president was Mr.
John Hunter and the other officers were Mr. James R.
Keene, vice-president; Mr. F. K. Sturgis, secretary and
treasurer, and Mr. E. O. Hanlan, assistant secretary.
Stewards were elected, those for two years being
Messrs. August Belmont, John Hunter, James R. Keene,
snd Frank K. Sturgis, and those for one year Messrs.
J. O. Donner, Gideon L. Knapp and William P. Thomp-
aon. The membership of the club was limited to fifty,
and among the original members were Messrs. A. J.
Cassatt, Gideon L. Knapp, William H. Forbes, James R.
Keene, Augustus Clason, P. J. Dwyer, J. O. Donner,
Edward Kelly, John Hunter, O. H. Payne, A. F. Wal-
cott, E. S. Knapp, W. Seward Webb, J. B. Haggin,
Rudolph Ellis, Perry Belmont, James Galway, F. K.
Sturgis, W. C. Whitney, S. S. Brown, August Belmont,
A. H. Morris, W. K. Vanderbilt, J. G. K. Lawrence, J.
G. Heckscher, George Peabody Wetmore and W. P.
Thompson. To these were subsequently added Messrs.
Foxhall P. Keene, Oliver H. P. Belmont, Benjamin F.
Tracy, John M. Bowers, Samuel S. Howland, James O.
Green, Jacob Ruppert, Jr., W. S. Johnson, J. Pierpont
Morgan and others.

Opposition to the plans of The Jockey Club were not
altogether absent, and some very reputable and influen-
tial turfmen were inclined to regard with doubt the pro-
priety of this assumption of authority over the race

track. The point was made that it might be a very un-
wise thing to allow any outside organization to thus
dictate to the different associations how they should
conduct their affairs. Ultimately, however, all came to
the conclusion that the plan probably offered the most
likely means of destroying evils which were now every-
where recognized. The Jockey Club finally entered upon
its work with the cordial support of all the leading turf-
men and approved by whoever had the best interests of
racing at heart. It proceeded in a practical way to
draw up revised rules for the government of racing upon
the courses that recognized its authority, to institute
many reforms, especially as pertained to racing and bet-
ting and to fix upon measures for the enforcement of
discipline more vigorously than had been for some time
before known. The rules related particularly to the
recognition of meetings, the forfeit list, fraudulent prac-
tices, jockeys, duties of stewards and other officials and
the registration of horses and entries of starters.

An arrangement was consummated with the American
Turf Congress by which reciprocal relations between the
two associations was assured, so that punishments
inflicted by The Jockey Club in the East should be recog-
nized and made to apply upon the courses of the West
that came under the jurisdiction of the Turf Congress.
New rules were also drawn up, so as to do away with
the winter racing that had been such a source of annoy-
ance and discredit to the turf of the North and a
hindrance to the prosperity of the South. By this
arrangement winter racing was calculated to be confined
to their natural localities, the South and California. Par-
ticular strength lay in the powers of the stewards, to
whom were delegated the right of appointing racing
officials and of enforcing and collecting forfeits, and who
also were constituted a Board of Appeal. The officials
appointed by the club for its first year were: Mr. James
G. Rowe, starter; Mr. R.W.Simmons, presiding judge;
Messrs. Victor C. Smith and C. McDowell, judges; Mr.
C. J. Fitzgerald, clerk of scales; Mr. W. S. Vosburgh,
handicapper; Mr. John Hoey, patrol judge, and Mr. F.
M. Hall, starting judge.

From the very outset The Jockey Club fully justified
the highest expectations that had been formed concern-
ing it. The powers that were delegated to it by the
Eastern horsemen were exercised in a conservative
manner that ultimately redounded to the benefit of both
horsemen and racing associations, and that spoke vol-
umes for the wisdom and disinterested spirit of the gen-
tlemen who had thus come forward and given their
time to the rescue of the sport. During the first season
of its existence the club did so much to elevate racing,
and its aims and purposes were so palpably in the right
direction, that criticism was almost entirely disarmed.
What little objection had existed at the outset in certain

144

THE AMERICAN TURF

qiuirters completely disappeared. It was generally felt
that at last affairs in New York were in the hands of
gentlemen of standing and responsibility, who could
safely be trusted to jealously guard the good name and
the reputation of the turf. A year later, when new legis-
lation particularly pertaining to betting upon races was
placed upon the statute book, the powers of The Jockey
Club were enlarged and its capacity for usefulness
further augmented.

During the five years that it has been in existence, the
club has practically revolutionized the conduct of racing
upon the courses of the East, and has succeeded in
placing the turf upon a substantial foundation and identi-
fying it in the public eye solely with honorable practices
and business-like methods. By its supervision of jockeys
and trainers it has done a great work, not alone in the
East but also in the West, where its influence, if not its
authority, is fully recognized. Many important cases have
come before it for adjudication, and its decisions have in-
variably been characterized by wisdom and a devotion
to the best interests of the turf without regard to personal
considerations of any character whatsoever.

That supervision of the nature undertaken by The
Jockey Club was absolutely needed scarcely required
demonstration, it was so plainly obvious. An additional
proof of the necessity of the work and of the wis-
dom that placed it in the hands of those who have
carried it out, was apparent in the successful operation
of the reforms that were instituted. Historians of the
future will undoubtedly recognize The Jockey Club as
the most potent influence in advancing the cause of racing
that has ever existed in the United States down to the
present time. It is not beyond the range of possibility
that the club may ultimately become to the American
turf what The Jockey Club of England is to the turf of
that country. That an organization formed upon these
lines and engaging the services of the leading turfmen
of the country must be useful beyond measure and
instrumental in lifting the turf to a position of standing,
influence and permanency, such as it has never enjoyed
before, will scarcely be questioned by anyone familiar
with the situation and with the success that has crowned
the administration of this Jockey Club. Beginning the
fifth year of its existence in 1898, the officers of The
Jockey Club were Mr. August Belmont, chairman; Mr.
James R. Keene, vice-chairman; Mr. P. K. Sturgis, sec-
retary and treasurer; Mr. F. O. Hanlon, assistant secre-
tary; Messrs. August Belmont, J. H. Bradford, F. R.
Hitchcock, James R. Keene, Andrew Miller, F. K. Stur-
gis and James Galway, stewards, and Mr. Walter S.
Vosburgh, racing secretary.

Every true friend of the turf recognizes the incalculable
benefit that the institution derives from a favorable public
estimation that is stimulated by the presence in its inmost

counsels of what may be termed a disinterested element
composed of gentlemen to whom the sport is absolutely
a matter of pleasure and not a money-making business.
The great racing associations of this country and the
bodies which virtually legislate for the American turf
have ever been fortunate in this respect. They enjoy the
active participation of a small, but very influential array
of sportsmen prominent in the business and social world,
whose interest in racing is altogether of the nature just
referred to, and whose presence is a guarantee to the
public at large of the fairness and unbiased character of
the decisions in regard to general policy or matters of
detail that are necessary from time to time in the govern-
ment of the sport. The English turf, which serves as
the example to the whole racing world, owes much of
its popularity to the well-known fact that such an element
has always been conspicuous in connection with its
affiiirs.

Following in the footsteps of the Old World in this
respect, the leaders of our own racing community have
done wisely in seeking the co-operation of men of the
same calibre here, who, while not directly interested as
owners of horses, are, nevertheless, distinguished by a
devotion to the sport and whose self-sacrificing spirit
impels them to contribute no small measure of time and
labor to duties in this connection which could not well
be committed to other hands. The Jockey Club has
been especially happy in having been able to enlist from
the outset the services of gentlemen of this character. A
good beginning was made by placing in official position
those in whom the general public had the fullest con-
fidence, and upon whom all racing interests were satis-
fied to depend with the fullest assurance that nothing,
which, through knowledge of the turf conscientious
devotion to its affairs and careful foresight could formu-
late to the advantage of all concerned, would be left
undone. That the results have fully Justified all expecta-
tions, doesnotanylongeradmit of even the slightest doubt.

Upon the resignation of Mr. John Hunter, as the first
Chairman of the Board of Stewards, and from his active
participation in the affairs of the organization, he was
succeeded by Mr. August Belmont, under whose admin-
istration the club has attained to a success and an influ-
ence far beyond even that which was hoped for by most
enthusiastic friends at its inception. Mr. Belmont be-
longs to a family whose name will stand as high as any
in the racing annals of the United States. His father, as
we have had occasion to demonstrate elsewhere, did as
much as any other single individual to place the Ameri-
can turf of contemporaneous times upon a firm founda-
tion. The second Mr. August Belmont has succeeded
his father as a prominent figure in the commercial,
social and turf life of the present day. It is unnecessary
to dwell at length upon his career.

145

THE AMERICAN TURF

He was born in New York, in 1854, and was pre-
pared for college at the Rectory School, at Hamden,
Conn., and at Philips Exeter Academy. Being gradu-
ated from Harvard College, in the class of 1874, he
entered the banking house of his father in the same year
and was made a partner in 1885. Upon the death of
his father, in 1890, he became the head of the establish-
ment with which the Belmont name has been so long
identified. The part he has played in the financial
world and the eminent
services he has ren-
dered to the Govern-
ment and the com-
mercial community are
part of the contempo-
rary history of our
country. As a financier
he has long held pre-
eminent position and
has a reputation that
is not limited by the
confines of his native
land. He has been
engaged in large
monetary operations,
and on occasions has
been of material assist-
ance to the United
States Government in
carrying out financial
transactions of the
greatest importance to
the welfare of the
national treasury.

Inheriting his father's
love of racing and
breeding, Mr. Belmont
had the confidence of
his parent during the
latter's career on the
turf, and was fully
acquainted with his
theories and plans. As
the proprietor of the
Blemton stable, and
later under his own
name, he has become as conspicuous upon the turt as was
his father before him. His fame as a successful owner and
a sportsman of the foremost class does not obscure the
fact that he has also inherited his fiither's eminent po-
sition in affairs relating to the administration and legis-
lation of the turf. In fact, the commanding influence
attached to the distinguished name that he bears in con-
nection with the sport has increased each year that he

AUGUST BELMONT

CHAIRMAN, THE JOCKEY CLUB

has given attention to racing matters. Not alone as
Chairman of The Jockey Club has he been prominent, but
his position in connection with racing was officially rec-
ognized in his appointment by Governor Levi P.
Morton as chairman of the State Racing Commission of
New York, an organization for the promotion of turf
interests, to which more power and influence for good
attaches than to any other ever known in this country.
Mr. Belmont's record as Chairman of The Jockey Club

has excited the admira-
" ^ tion of his associates

and received the com-
mendation of the turf
world generally. He
has developed excep-
tional talent in the
management of turf
affairs and it has been
well said of him by
one who is most famil-
iar with what he has
done, that "He is more
than his father's son,
and the club could not
have had a better or
safer leader. He im-
presses one as not
looking for a personal
a d va n tage, but as
working for the gen-
eral good. He is a
born diplomat and has
the f;iculty of con-
ciliating conflicting in-
terests, talking with
people and winning
them overbyargument
and suggestion and a
frank exhibition of true
sincerity."

An interview with
one of the officials of
The Jockey Club, pub-
lished in 1896, related
in detail some inci-
dents in his career that
illustrated his remarkable faculty of meeting threat-
ening issues. It appears that during the previous
summer the atmosphere was full of evil and scanda-
lous reports concerning turf matters. The stewards
of The Jockey Club had worked hard to get some
tangible evidence of fraud, but had accumulated only a
mass of report based upon tattle and hearsay. Returning
from Europe while the matter was still at fever heat, Mr.

146

THE AMERICAN TURF

Belmont sent ;it once for the newspaper representatives
.ind pointed out to tiiem tlie iiann that they were doing
by accepting idle rumor for facts. He also conferred
with certain owners and trainers and convinced them of
their suicidal policy in circulating reports not based upon
facts, and in doing things that might give rise to suspi-
cion. The interview, the substance of which has just
been given, went on to say that from that moment the
atmosphere changed, the press began to help the
stewards in their efforts to stamp out rascality, and
trainers, jockeys and owners bent their best energies in
setting their horses to the front. Confidence was thus
re-established, and since that time nothing has occurred
again to undermine it or give the public any apprehen-
sion concerning the hon-
esty of the race course.
The work which Mr. Bel-
mont did at this juncture
was of more than ordi-
nary importance, but it is
only a single example out
of many that might be
cited to show the perfect
hold which he has upon
all turf affairs and the gen-
uine diplomatic ability
with which he handles
the work which falls to
his share to do.

No name has been more
conspicuously identified
with the American turf
of modern times than
that of Mr. James R.
Keene, Vice-Chairman of
the Jockey Club. A na-
tive of England, he has,
nevertheless, been so long
connected with business
interests in America, and
has shown himself so
thoroughly in sympathy with all American institu-
tions that the fact of his having been born in Eng-
land is probably unknown to most people. In fact,
he came to this country at such an early age — when
he was only fourteen years old— that his education
and subsequent business training were thoroughly
American. He was born in England, in 1838, the son
of a London merchant, and received his early educa-
tion in Lincolnshire and in Dublin, Ireland. His parents
came to the United States in 1852, bringing him with
them, and settled in the northern part of the State of
California. There, at an early age, he entered upon
business life with energy and ambition and proceeded

JAMES R. KEENE
VICE-CHAIRMAN, THE JOCKEY CLUB

to carve his own way in the world. For several years
he was engaged in mining and other allied business
pursuits, and also edited a newspaper. Afterward he
became interested in mining properties in Nevada, and
then, going to San Francisco, entered the stock market,
where he soon acquired a moderate fortune.

Having a natural talent for speculation, he thenceforth
devoted himself to that pursuit, and was rapidly success-
ful in spite of occasional reverses. Becoming a member
of the Stock Exchange of San Francisco, he was subse-
quently elected its president, and when the Bank of
California failed he was able to be one of the four con-
tributors of a million dollars to the guarantee fund neces-
sary to save that institution from ruin. Leaving Cali-
fornia in 1 877, he engaged,
for a short time, in stock
speculation in New York
and then visited Europe.
Upon his return from the
Old World he settled in
New York City, where he
has since been a resident
and has been frequently
engaged in large financial
operations. He has been
one of the most conspicu-
ous figures in the financial
world of the metropolis
for nearly twenty years,
and has also occupied
a considerable place in
social affairs. He is a
man of large fortune and
has done as much as any
other single individual to
stimulate Wall Street in
these later days.

Like so many other
gentlemen of wealth who
have added distinction to
the Northern turf in this
latter part of the nineteenth century, Mr. Keene has had a
notable turf career. There are few, if any, American horse-
men who have ever surpassed him in devotion to racing
interests, in liberality of expenditures and in brilliancy of
achievements. His name is known in this connection
throughout two continents, and the horses that he has
owned have often carried his colors to renown. Had he
never owned any other thoroughbreds than Foxhall and
Domino, his name would be emblazoned upon the pages
of American turf history in letters that can never fade.
He was one of the first horsemen to recognize, in the
early nineties, the imperative demand for a reform in turf
matters. As early as 1893, he began to agitate the sub-

147

THE AMERICAN TURF

ject and tried to impress liis fellow-turfmen with what
he regarded as the urgency of the situation. He insisted
that what was first necessary was to establish a central
authority for the government of racing on broader lines
than those on which the Board of Control, which was
then in existence, was built.

He made a study of the English system of turf govern-
ment, and he was satisfied that it was the best that could
be devised, because it embodied the experience and
views of the ablest men in that country, where racing is
an old institution and the rules the outgrowth of long
experience. In the subsequent discussions of this subject
between representatives of the Board of Control, the
horse owners and the several jockey clubs, Mr. Keene
was particularly active and influential, and it is in no
small measure due to him that the different elements
were ultimately brought to the point of realizing the
necessity of carrying out some such plans as he had
formulated. Finally came the incorporation of The
Jockey Club, of which he was elected vice-chairman, a
position that he has ever since retained. He has been
one of the working members of the Board of Stewards,
and by his thorough knowledge of turf rules and the
practices of racing in this country and in Europe, and his
keen sympathy both for horse owners on the one side
and the gentlemen who are the substantial supporters of
racing, he has excercised a strong and healthful influence.

In many years Mr. Keene had associated with him his
son, Mr. Foxhall P. Keene, who is scarcely less well
known than his father in the racing world. The Keene
Stable has been as distinguished as any other in the
United States, and its victories have often been of the
most notable character. In 1893, for example, the year
of the wonderful performances of the invincible Domino,
the stable stood at the head of the list of winners for the
season. Its winnings in stakes and purses ran up to
$279,458, an amount that was unprecedented in the his-
tory of the American turf as the result of the work of a
single stable in one year. Besides Domino, El Telegrafo
by Tremont out of Marguerite, Hornpipe by Mr. Pick-
wick out of Round Dance, and St. Leonards by St. Blaise
out of Bella Donna, were the principal members of the
stable, which also included Hyderabad by Hyder Ali
out of Glorianne, Chorister by Falsetto out of Addie C,
Lidgerwood by Luke Blackburn out of Tuscarora,
Soprano by Falsetto out of Lady Athol, and ten others.
The total number of races run by the stable was 135, of
which 35 were won. Domino won all the races in
which he was entered, nine in number, and carried off
$191,780.

The record of this particular year has been given, not
alone on account of its extraordinary character, but also
as illustrating the magnitude of Mr. Keene's turf interests
and the exceptional high position that he holds among

turfmen of this generation by virtue of his enterprise
and the well deserved success that has so generally
crowned his efforts. Mr. Keene's career on the turf has
been practically divided into two periods, the one dis-
tinguished by the achievements of Foxhall and the other
by the performances of Domino. For several years after
Foxhall's great campaign in England, his owner still con-
tinued to show his colors at many race meetings; but,
after a time, he dropped out of the field. His retirement
was only temporary, however, for early in the nineties
he began the organization of another stable and took up
his old interest in the turf.

This was just at that critical time, when, as we have
seen, racing affairs were in an unfortunate condition and
were imperatively in need of the good will and the wise
judgment of as many honorable sportsmen like Mr.
Keene, as could be drawn to its support As has been
clearly demonstrated, his return to the turf was greatly
to the advantage of racing matters from every point of
view. He has been among the most generous purchas-
ers of thoroughbred stock that this country has ever
known, and the success of his horses has often been of
such a brilliant character as to excite the liveliest enthu-
siasin, not alone of the general public, but also of racing
men. That added to the great value of his services in
the purification of the turf in this period, has made him
undoubtedly one of the most important factors in stim-
ulating honorable racing and in encouraging breeding
that the present generation has known.

Not to content himself with activity in this countiy
alone, he has, since his last return to the turf, carried his
colors again to England, the scene of his earlier triumphs.
There in recent years he has been represented by many high
class blood horses. His victories in the Foxhall year, how-
ever, have not since been approached, and his later career
in England has been somewhat less sensationally notable
than that of some of the more recent Americans. It
has, however, been marked by an unswerving devotion
to sporting of the highest character and to American
standards. He has always had a truly representative
American stable in England, and there have been few
years when the entries for the important events of the
English turf have not included his name.

For example, in 1895, he had entered for the Cesare-
witch, Hornpipe and Round Dance, and for the Cam-
bridgeshire, Hornpipe and that beloved and regretted
wonder. Domino. Afthough only a few runners carried
his colors in 1897, the form which they exhibited was
fine enough to encourage such an energetic and far-seeing
turfman to strengthen his forces abroad by the shipment
of several fleet racers for ensuing years. In many
instances of late, fortune has been more harshly unkind
to him than those who have followed his career with
interest could wish. In 1897, he was specially unfortu-

148

THE AMERICAN TURF

nate in losing the Cambridgeshire by a head, through
the carelessness of the jockey, who rode his big colt,
St. Cloud, a misfortune that was a source of great regret,
not only among Americans, but even among English
turfmen who have cordiaily recognized his sportsman-
ship and enterprise.

In a social and business sense, Mr. Frank K. Sturgis,

associates to be a member of the Board of Stewards and
Secretary and Treasurer, and in that position he has
been both active and influential to an exceptional degree,
bringing to his work, as a racing official, the same com-
bination of executive ability and of capacity to command
respect and co-operation that have marked his career in
other respects. His conspicious services to The Jockey

Secretary and Treasurer of The Jockey Club, is one of Club have fully demonstrated the soundness of judgment

the best known and most highly respected citizens of of his associates who selected him for that position.

New York, and also holds an enviable position in the The office is one of exceptional responsibility and labor,

estimation of the racing public. A native of New York and Mr. Sturgis assumed it much against his inclination.

City, he is an example of
the best type of energetic,
patriotic citizens of the
metropolis. Now a little
more than fifty years of
age, he has been identi-
fied with financial affairs
throughout his entire life,
and has a reputation as a
financier second to none
of his time. As a mem-
ber of the banking house
of Strong, Sturgis & Co.,
he has long been an
important factor in Wall
Street, and the highest
honors in financial circles
in New York have from
time to time been be-
stowed upon him. In
1892, and again in 1893,
he was elected President
of the New York Stock
Exchange, and in that
position achieved much
more than local reputa-
tion in the financial world.
Mr. Sturgis is pre-errii-
nently one of those gentle-
men who dignify wealth
and social position. He
has displayed an active
interest in the social and
benevolent institutions 01
the metropolis, and has

been conspicious in many of the leading activities of the
city outside of the purely business world.

As an incident in his busy and successful life, his
devotion to horses and racing has been of a genuine
character, and none of his associates have surpassed him
in the energetic and disinterested service he has given to
the promotion of the turf Upon the organization of
The Jockey Club in 1894, he was selected by his

FRANK K. STURGIS

SECRETARY AND TREASURER, THE JOCKEY CLUB

and only upon the stren-
uous insistance of his
friends that he was pecu-
liarly fitted for it and that
the best interests of the
turf demanded that he
should make this sacrifice
of his personal wishes.
He found the work inci-
dental to the position not
without its agreeable fea-
tures, and has executed its
duties with marked suc-
cess, while the opportu-
nity thus afforded him to
labor for the real welfare
of the turf is one that has
been a source of consider-
able satisfaction to him.

While Mr. Sturgis' in-
terest in racing has been
mainly centred in the re-
sponsible and dignified
position that he occupies
as Secretary and Treas-
urer of The Jockey Club,
he has long been promi-
nent in other bodies which
are closely allied to the
turf and which have done
much to elevate the
standard of horseflesh in
America and to popu-
larize the pursuit in con-
nection with the horse.
Prominent and active in the organization of the
Madison Square Garden Company, he became a member
of the Board of Directors and its first President. The
National Horse Show Association, of which he has been
an officer, owes much of its success to his active efforts
in its behalf and to his prominence in its counsels. He
is also a governor of the Turf and Field Club and of
the Westchester Racing Association. On the Board of

149

THE AMERICAN TURF

Directors of the Westchester Association he holds a
prominent place as the particular representative of those
social elements that gave to the old Jerome Park that
popularity and standing that was its peculiar distinc-
tion and that has been inherited by its successor.

In Mr. F. O. Hanlon, the Assistant Secretary of
The Jockey Club, the organization has a thoroughly ca-
pable and energetic official. Much of the executive work
falls to his share and his extensive acquaintance with
racing men and famili-
arity with turf affairs P
generally has enabled '
h i m to contribute I
much to the general
efficiency of the work
done by the club.

Mr. John H. Brad-
ford, one of the Stew-
ards of The Jockey
Club and Treasurer
of the Coney Island
Jockey Club, comes of
an old Massachusetts
family that has been
established in that sec-
tion since the earliest
colonial days. He was
born in England while
his parents were trav-
eling abroad, but that
trifling circumstance
has not been sufficient
to make him other-
wise than a sound pa-
triotic American. His
early years were pass-
ed in Boston, where
he was brought up
and educated under
the most wholesome
New England influ-
ences. His entire busi-
ness life has been spent
in New York, with
whose business and
social institutions he
has long been completely identified. Interested in horses
from his youth, he has been an owner almost from the time
of his earliest remembrance. At one period of his life he
paid a great deal of attention to the trotter and maintained
a private breeding establishment for horses of that fam-
ily and for roadsters. For more than twenty-five years
however, the running horse has commanded his atten-
tion and enlisted his active labors in promotion of its

JOHN H. BRADFORD
STEWARD, THE JOCKEY CLUB

interests. His business called him several times a year
to Cincinnati in the seventies, and while there it was the
most natural thing in the world that he should take ad-
vantage of his opportunities to pay many visits to Ken-
tucky, the Mecca of all good American horsemen. Thus,
he became intimately acquainted with General Brecken-
ridge and other noted turfmen of that section, and had
his attention particularly called to the thoroughbred to
which Kentucky has always been devoted. Thus began

_ his first interest in the

running horse that he
has maintained ever
since, finding it year
after year a constantly
increasing source of
pleasure.

Soon his interest in
the blood horse over-
shadowed that which
he had hitherto felt in
the trotter and devel-
oped to such an extent
that he became an
important factor in
racing affairs in the
East. In the early
years at Jerome Park
he was associated with
Mr. Leonard Jerome
and other leading turf-
men of that period and
became identified with
the running turf in an
active and practical
manner. Since that
time he has been fore
most in the direction
of Eastern turf affairs
and has an enviable
reputation forthe com-
pleteness and sound-
ness of his knowledge
of the thoroughbred
and of the practical de-
tails of racing. For a
period of ten years he
was presiding judge of the Coney Island Jockey Club.
That was at a time when the judges gave their services
as a labor of love, being actuated wholly by their unsel-
fish interest in the sport. Salaried judges were not then
thought of as necessary or even a desirable adjunct to
race meetings.

In 1884, Mr. Bradford became Treasurer 01 the Coney
Island Jockey Club and has held that position continuously

150

THE AMERICAN TURF

ever since. As a Steward of The jockey Club he has been
one of the hardest working members of that board, and
one upon whose judgment and practical knowledge
great dependence is placed. He is a profound believer in
the great future of the American turf, and is confident that
the reforms that have been instituted in its management
in recent years have laid the foundation for a success
that is likely to surpass anything that has ever been seen
in this country at any time in the past. He believes that
we may look more and more for favorable legislation
throughout the country that will advance the cause of rac-
ing and stimulate breeding interests, and is confident that
ultimately the central racing authority that has been
established under charter from the State of New York
will make its power felt in the West, even as it is now
paramount in the East. Other reforms are warmly ad-
vocated by him as means toward the general promotion
of the general welfare of the turf. He believes that the
raising of weights which will permit
competent jockeys to remain longer in /-'^^

the saddle, will improve the quality of
racing, and hopes ultimately to see all
barriers done away with at the starting
post, so that flying, not standing, starts
will prevail.

Mr. Francis R. Hitchcock, Steward ot
the Jockey Club, belongs to one of the
leading families of New York and is de-
scended from Matthias Hitchcock, who
came from London to the Massachu-
setts Colony in 1635. The family is
among the oldest in England, going
back in its history to the time of William
the Conqueror. In New England, de-
scendants of the pioneer, Matthias Hitch-
cock, have, for more than two cen-
turies and a half, been numbered
among the leading and most influential
people in the public, professional and
social life of that section of the coun-
try. Mr. Thomas Hitchcock, the father ot Mr.
F. R. Hitchcock, has been well known in New York as
a lawyer and, later in life, as a journalist and writer upon
financial topics. Mr. F. R. Hitchcock, who is a native
of New York City, has been thoroughly identified with
the best social life of the metropolis in this generation.
He is a graduate from Columbia University. For many
years he has taken a very active and influential part in
those sports that most attract the gentlemen of the
period. Particularly interested in horsemanship, he is
known as one of the best gentlemen riders in and about
New York. His special distinction in this direction has
been gained as Master of the Meadow Brook Hunt. His
racing colors are all green, gold tassel. As a member of

ANDREW MILLER
STEWARD, THE JOCKEY CLUB

the Board of Stewards of The Jockey Club his services
have been of unquestioned value, alike by reason of his
intimate knowledge of horses and racing methods and
his abiding concern for the healthful future of racing.

One of the most constant attendants at the great race
meetings in the vicinity of New York, Mr. Andrew
Miller has a large personal popularity with all the various
elements that make up the turf world. His position in
this respect is the more notable and worthy of more than
ordinary attention from the fact that he is universally
recognized as a representative of the small, but influ-
ential body of sportsmen who follow the races from pure
love of the horse, and for the delight that the sport
affords them. In these days, when the business side of
the turf has come into such remarkable prominence, and
has at times threatened even to entirely dominate all
racing affairs, the existence of disinterested sportsmen
like Mr. Miller, who are true to the best traditions of the
old-time turf, is a saving force for which
all true turfmen should be duly grateful.
Without this element, whose interest
in racing is unalloyed by pecuniary in-
terests of any description whatsoever,
the turf at the present day would be in
an unenviable condition, and its pros-
perous and honorable future a matter of
reasonable doubt.

Such gentlemen as Mr. Miller, who
hold assured positions in the social,
literary and business world, are now
rendering the turf an incalculable ser-
vice. Their presence in the counsels of
turf organizations, as well as their
patronage of the sport at the track,
gives dignity to racing and contributes
to its elevation in the estimation of the
general public, and does much toward
offsetting the unwarranted prejudice
that still exists, even though now in
a modified degree, in some quarters,
concerning racing affairs.

Mr. Miller's career has been more than ordinarily suc-
cessful in all respects. Although a native of Canada,
having been born in Hamilton, Ont, in February, 1857,
he is as loyal an American and as thorough a believer in
American institutions as he could be had he been born
on this side of the line. His education was secured in
Harvard University, from which institution he was
graduated in the class of 1880. Early in life he mani-
fested a decided inclination for literary pursuits and
naturally determined to devote himself to letters. With
this object in mind he engaged in newspaper pursuits
after completing his college education, and, coming to
New York, was for a number of years editorially con-

151

THE AMERICAN TURF

nected with lending New York papers. After a time he
established the weekly, known as Life, which under his
direction has been wholly successful, both in an artistic
and pecuniary sense and which, at the present time, ranks
as one of the most influential periodicals devoted to
social topics that is published in the English language.

Ownership of horses has never engaged the attention
of Mr. Miller, nor has he been otherwise identified with
the business side of the turf While an admirer of the
thoroughbred and an enthusiast over that animal's per-
formances, his interest in the subject from the purely
practical point of view has never led him to be anything
more than an observer of breeding, owning, training
and racing. Nevertheless, he has had a long and honor-
able connection with racing affairs and enjoys the per-
sonal friendship and confidence of all the prominent men
engaged in the sport. His standing and influence is
more recognized and his influence is more powerful from
the very fact of the wholly disinterested attitude that he
is able to maintain toward all racing affairs.

For these reasons he is held in specially high esteem
by his associates, and has been frequently called upon to
occupy positions of responsibility and prominence in
connection with racing associations and in the manage-
ment of tracks. For four years he served on the com-
mittee in charge of the Fleetwood Course and presided
over that organization in 1895. He was one of the first
members of The Jockey Club, joining that organization
in the first year of its existence. During the last two
years he has been one of its stewards. As a keen judge
of horses, Mr. Miller has few superiors, for he has made
a close study of the thoroughbred from the time of his
first interest in the animal. He is a recognized authority
upon the history and ethics of the turf.

Mr. James Galway represents on the Board of Stewards
of The Jockey Club, in the fullest sense, the breeding and
racing element that is at the foundation of all turf pros-
perity. He has long been well known upon all the
leading race courses of the country, while his stable has
been particularly conspicuous at the metropolitan meet-
ings. He has given a lifetime to the study of the
thoroughbred, and to the advancement of racing inter-
ests, and his black, yellow sleeves, cherry cap, has often
been first by the post in many important events. In
recent years he has been particularly identified with the
turf as the Master of the Preakness Stud. This institu-
tion was first made famous by the late Mr. M. H. San-
ford. When that gentleman abandoned racing in 1881
he sold the establishment to Mr. Galway, who, in the
years that have since gone by, has not only maintained
it in the high reputation that it had in the years of its
earlier history, but has developed and improved it to a
remarkable degree. Some of the great horses of the
present generation have carried Mr. Galway's colors. A

complete list of them would be long and interesting and
would include many notable names. We should recall
Euclid by imported Glenelg out of The Nun; Buccaneer
by imported Buckden out of Jenny McKinney; Macbeth
by Macaroon out of Jersey Belle; Fon du Lac by Glen-
garry out of Hop; Trombone by Great Tom out of Duet;
Himalaya by Virgil out of Kentucky Belle; Hidalgo by
King Alfonso out of Ultima, and a score or more of
others famed in racing annals. Mr. Galway has brought
to his position as a steward of The Jockey Club a wide
and practical experience in everything that pertains to
breeding and racing, and from that point of view,
particularly, has rendered important service to the club
in carrying out its ideas and to racing interests generally,

The Racing Secretary of The Jockey Club, Mr. Walter
S. Vosburgh, has had a notable career as a racing official.
Having served a long apprenticeship in journalism, he
became well and favorably known in the newspaper
world. As a writer upon turf subjects, he has not only
been prolific, but his literary work has been of wholly
admirable character. Few Americans of this generation
have made a closer study of the thoroughbred, and his
original investigations, particularly in the direction of
pedigrees, and touching the potency of different equine
families, have been of the most painstaking and valuable
character. Some of the papers that he has written upon
this particular subject have a value not surpassed by
anything of like character that has ever been produced
in this country or in England. As a handicapper, Mr.
Vosburgh has long been credited with a skill second to
no man connected with the American turf. He has
always been one of the hardest working officials con-
nected with the metropolitan race courses. When the
Board of Control, that preceded The Jockey Club in the
direction of metropolitan racing affairs, was in existence,
he was its secretary. At the same time he did handi-
capping for the New York Jockey Club and the Mon-
mouth Park Association. In all matters relating to
handicapping and to turf law, he is an admitted
authority.

No gentleman identified with racing in the North is
more truly representative of all that is best in the life
and history of the metropolis than Colonel Lawrence
Kip. He is the prominent representative in his genera-
tion of a fiunily whose record dates back to the earliest
days of the settlement of New Amsterdam. Descended
from a French knight of distinguished origin, his ances-
tor, Hendrick Hendrickzen Kip, came to the New World
before 1643, and was one of the foremost men in the
New Amsterdam colony. The descendants of this
pioneer have in every generation since the arrival of
their progenitor been pre-eminently distinguished in the
social, business and civic life of the metropolis. They
have been connected in marriage with many of the great

152

THE AMERICAN TURF

colonuil fiimilies of New York, and among them have
been men of distinction in every walk of public life.
Without the Kips many pages of New York's history
for two hundred and fifty years would be far less bril-
liant and important than they now are.

Colonel Kip has had a career eminently worthy of his
ancestry. Son of the Right Reverend William Ingraham
Kip, D.D., Bishop of California, he was educated for
military life, being graduated from West Point in 1857,
receiving his commis-
sion as Second Lieu-
tenant of Artillery.
During the Civil War
he served as a member
of the staff of General
Philip Sheridan, and for
gallantry at Five Forks
in 1865 received the
Brevet rank of Major
and Lieutenant-Colonel.
Resigning from the mil-
itary service in 1867, he
has since devoted him-
self to civic pursuits and
-to some extent has en-
gaged in literary work,
having published an ac-
count of his military
experiences under the
title of Army Life on
the Pacific. He has
been foremost in many
of the great movements
that have enlisted the
attention of prominent
New Yorkers for the
advancement of the ma-
terial, social and other
interest of the munici-
pality in the present
generation, is particu-
larly a leader in social
circles and an influen-
tial adviser in the direc-
tion of the affairs of
many of the institutions
that are peculiar to New
York City. Always interested in horses, Colonel Kip has
long been recognized as a high authority upon all matters
pertaining to the running horse, the trotter and the road-
ster. He has been prominent among the most active sup-
porters of the National Horse Show Association of
which, for several years, he has been Vice-President.
His exhibits at the horse show, year after year, have been

notable features of those occasions, and his horses have
carried off many of the choicest prizes. For more than
two decades he has maintained a deep and active inter-
est in the running turf. His first definite association
with racing affairs was in connection with Jerome Park in
the lifetime of that grand old sportsman, Mr. Leonard W.
Jerome. The active part that he then took in the man-
agement of racing served to increase his enthusiasm for
the thoroughbred, and to lead him into more important

relations with the turf.
In 1884, he became a
member of the Coney
Island Jockey Club, and
the high reputation that
he already enjoyed as a
turfman was fully recog-
nized by his associates
by his election, shortly
afterward, as a member
of the Board of Direc-
tors. Within one short
year thereafter his ser-
vices were still further
called for as a member
of the Executive Com-
mittee, while two years
later he was elected to
be Vice-President of the
club. This latter posi-
tion he continued to
hold until the death of
the president of the
club, Mr. James G. K.
Lawrence, in 1895. He
was then elected Presi-
dent, and since that
time has continued to
be the directing mind
of the organization.

Much of the success
of the Coney Island
Jockey Club in these
later years has been
unquestionably due to
Colonel Kip, who has
proved himself to be
a worthy successor of
those notable turfmen, Mr. Lawrence and Mr. Leon-
ard W. Jerome, who preceded him in its presidency.
He has given unceasing attention to every phase
of its affairs, and in this work has had the cordial
co-operation of the other officers of the club, each of
whom devotes many hours a day to the promotion of its
interests. All the officers of the club are intimate per-

LAWRENCE KIP

PRESIDENT, CONEY ISLAND JOCKEY CLUB

153

THE AMERICAN TURF

sonal friends of long standing, a "state of affairs that, if
not altogether unique in the history of racing, is at least
not frequently met with. To this important fact is also
to some extent undoubtedly due the success that has
come to the club and the course. The officers all work
in the greatest harmony in their various positions, and
are unselfishly devoted to the proper management of the
turf. Among them Colonel Kip is naturally recognized
as leader, not only by virtue of his official position,
but also by reason of his thorough mastery of all turf
affiurs and his ability
in management and
control, and in the
solution of the many
puzzling problems that
daily arise in the admin-
istration of such an im-
portant institution. His
success is especially
seen in the high esteem
in which the Coney Isl-
and Jockey Club is held
by the public, and in
the cordial relations
which all the great turf-
men of the country are
glad to maintain tow-
ard it.

Mr. Cornelius Fel-
lowes is a type of the
gentlemen of Southern
birth who, in these later
years of the century,
have become prime fac-
tors in the social and
business life of New
York. He is a native
of Kentucky, having
been born in Louisville
in 1840. He came of
one of the old Southern
families, his father
beingWilliam Fellowes,
who was a native of
New Pitt, North Caro-
lina, where he was born in 1802. The parents ot
William Fellowes were Jonathan and Elizabeth Fel-
lowes, both of whom were members of old North
Carolina families. William Fellowes made his reputa-
tion as a merchant in the dry goods business in Louis-
ville, Ky., having also a branch establishment in New
Orleans. About 1846, he removed to New York City
and engaged in business. Later in life he owned plan-
tations and other property in various parts of the South

CORNELIUS FELLOWES

SECRETARY, CONEY ISLAND JOCKEY CLUB

and was interested in mining enterprises and also in
the Panama Railroad.

Brought to New York by his parents when he was a
mere child, Mr. Cornelius Fellowes has been completely
identified with the metropolis throughout his entire life.
His alliance with turf affairs began with the forma-
tion of the Coney Island Jockey Club, of which he was
one of the original members, and with which he has
maintained an active connection ever since. He was the
first Vice-President of the Club and held that position

continuously until 1890,
when he succeeded to
the Secretaryship, fol-
lowing Mr. J. G. K.
Lawrence, who had
been elected President.
That position he has
held down to the pres-
ent time. His general
interest in the horse
also led him to active
work in the organiza-
tion of the National
Horse Show Associa-
tion, of which he is Pres-
ident. His connection
with The Jockey Club
and the Horse Show
Association was due to
his unswerving belief
in the great future of
the blood horse and of
other equine families.

Believing that for the
purpose of advancing
the interests of breeding
and improving and de-
veloping the character
of the horse, organi-
zations of the character
of those just referred to,
were capable of exercis-
ing a powerful in-
fluence, he has devoted
much time and effort to
them. He regards both organizations as among the
most important factors that we have ever had in this
country in bringing about the much desired results at
which they aimed. Especially the National Horse Show
Association has had an influence of the most notable
character, as is seen, not alone in the attention
that is given to its annual exhibitions, both by the
public and by newspapers, but also in the decided
change in the character of horseflesh and in equip-

154

THE AMERICAN TURF

ments and traps. Within the last few years the
advance in these directions in all parts of the country
has been especially notable, so much so, that our fash-
ionable thoroughfares, especially in New York, can now
show turnouts that in respect to horses and eciuipnients
are quite comparable with any that can be seen else-
where in the world.

One of the notable army of American turfmen that
performed such a great work for the cause of racing in
the United States in the years immediately following the
close of the Civil War, was Colonel M. Lewis Clark, of
Kentucky. For more than a third of a century he has
been one of the most
conspicuous figures in
American turf history.
His career is worthy of
particular attention for
the reason that he en-
tered upon the work of
developing the turf at
a time when and in a
section of the country
where the situation
was very discouraging.
While in the North rac-
ing had already revived
and had entered upon
a new life that was bril-
liant and full of prom-
ise, in the South, as we
have had frequent occa-
sions on other pages of
this volume to point
out, it still remained at a
very low ebb. The three
New York courses, Jer-
ome Park, Saratoga
and Monmouth, almost
monopolized the racing
of the country. With all
due credit to the men of
the North, who were
the pioneers in this re-
vival, it must be said

that they worked under conditions that were fairly
favorable to carrying out the enterprise which they
undertook. The wealthy men of the North had
plenty of money with which to purchase thor-
oughbreds and to found such race courses as Jerome
Park, Saratoga and Monmouth. They had, too, all the
advantage that comes from co-operation of many men of
similar minds and financial and social standing. It was
the fashion to be interested in racing at that time in the
North, and there was plenty of means to be secured for

the support of the institution, alike from patriotic turf-
men and the outside public desirous of witnessing good
sport.

In the South the situation was entirely reversed. There
were only three important courses in that section, those
at Lexington, Nashville and New Orleans. Such racing
as was there conducted was very limited, while the
added money to stakes and purses was small. The love
of the thoroughbred had never died out in the South, yet
it was now impossible for the people to give that atten-
tion to racing that had been characteristic of the section
before the war. They had, for the moment, little means

and little disposition to
indulge in the sport,
and the few devoted
turfmen who took upon
themselves the work of
reviving turf interests
labored under most un-
promising conditions.
They were obliged to
stand almost alone and
with comparatively lit-
tle of that social and
financial encouragement
that is essential to the
prosperity of such an
institution. It is, there-
fore, greatly to the
credit of such men as
Colonel Clark, and a few
others who were asso-
ciated with him, that
they were able and will-
ing to undertake this
herculean task at a time
when the future looked
so dark, and that they
succeeded so admirably
in their purposes and in
ultimately bringing for-
ward the turf at the
South to a position of
such standing as that
which it now occupies. One of the most serious
phases of the situation was the decreased demand
for thoroughbreds and the consequent depression of
the business upon which the breeders of Kentucky
and Tennessee had for generations depended. Not
only were sales comparatively few, but prices were
correspondingly low, and some of the Southern breed-
ers were even considering the advisability of going
out of business entirely. The problem that con-
fronted the breeding interests of the South was how to

M. LEWIS CLARK

155

THE AMERICAN TURF

create a new demand for the blood horse. This was no
slight undertaking, and to bring about the desired change
demanded a careful study of conditions of breeding and
racing, not only in this country, but also abroad. Col-
onel Clark undertook this particular work. In the North
he thoroughly familiarized himself with the situation and
with the outlook for the future and then went to Europe.
Remaining abroad for several years he made a careful
study of the turf systems of England and France and of
the causes that had led to their greatness. He enjoyed
the intimate acquaintance of the leaders of the turf in
England and France, receiving from them much valuable
information and being materially assisted in his investi-
gations. For some time he was the guest of the great
Admiral Rous, " the father of English racing," and from
him learned many things that were of subsequent value
in carrying out plans for the rejuvenation of the turf in
this country.

Returning home, Colonel Clark proceeded to interest
the breeders of Kentucky, and with their co-operation
organized a jockey club in Louisville, and brought about
the establishment of stakes modeled after the classic
events of the English turf. The Kentucky Derby was
the first fruit of his plans, and in addition he originated
and established the Kentucky Oaks, the Kentucky St.
Leger, the Louisville Cup and many other stakes which
have since become historic. One of these in particular
was the Great American Stallion Stakes, where breeders
were compelled to nominate the sires before their colts
and fillies were eligible for entry. The Futurity of the
Coney Island Jockey Club is similar to this stake, the
nomination of the dam being required instead of the
sire. The first president of the Louisville Jockey Club,
Colonel Clark, more than any other one man established
that organization firmly in the hearts of Western turf-
men, and he has ever since been unceasing in his labors
in the interest of the Western race courses.

For over twenty years Colonel Clark has acted as pre-
siding judge in that part of the country. His first ap-
pearance in the grand stand at Louisville was upon the
occasion of the first Kentucky Derby, in 1875, and he
has kept his place there ever since. He has also presided
over the racing meetings at Memphis, Nashville, Oakley,
Dallas and the City of Mexico, and has been the presid-
ing judge at the meetings of the Chicago Harlem Course.
He is the author of many of the turf rules of the present
day and founder of the first American Turf Congress that
was organized to control the racing of the West. He is
also to be credited with several important innovations in
turf practice, being the maker of the first uniform scale
of weights and the author of many notable reforms that
have tended to the purification of the turf. As a judge,
he has always had the reputation of being fearless and
honest and actuated by an abiding sense of responsibility

to the public. Dishonest owners and turf speculators
have never been able to cajole or deceive hirn, and his
sound knowledge of the laws of the turf and his shrewd-
ness in detecting trickery have been proverbial. Cour-
ageous, unprejudiced and absolutely impartial, he has
made an enduring name for himself.

Probably no racing official now before the public is
more widely known in his special functions than Mr.
Joseph John Burke. As steward or presiding judge he
has officiated at every centre of horse racing in the
United States and Canada. Born at Portsmouth, Va.,
in i8i3. Judge Burke is now in the prime of life, after
twenty-five years of practical experience among all
classes of racing men. His turf education was begun in
the office of The Spirit of the Times, in 1870. Then Mr.
Charles J. Foster was the turf editor of that journal, and
there, and afterward on The New York Sportsman, it was
Mr. Burke's good fortune to be intimately associated
with Mr. Foster for many years. Largely through his
connection with these turf publications Judge Burke
became closely connected wiih the racing world, and has
met and known nearly every prominent breeder and turf-
man who has bred and raised horses in this country.

As a racing official, Judge Burke has had a long, active
and honorable career. He has served as presiding judge
at the following race courses : At Washington Park, Chi-
cago, five consecutive seasons, beginning with 1890; at
St. Louis, four consecufive seasons; at Saratoga, three
seasons; at Cincinnati, one season; at Buffalo (Fort
Erie), one season; in California, two seasons; at Tor-
onto, one season; at Hamilton, one season; at Niagara
Falls, one season; at Washington, D. C, one season; at
the North Hudson Driving Park, New Jersey, five sea-
sons; at Providence, R. I., one season; at Boston, one
season, and at Brighton Beach, five seasons. In 1891,
Messrs. August Belmont, J. H. Bradford and P. J. Dwyer
named him to be steward at the meetings of the Coney
Island Jockey Club, the Brooklyn Jockey Club, the
Brighton Beach Course and the Aqueduct Course.

In the discharge of his duties Judge Burke has been
called upon to note and analyze the performances of
most of the great horses of the present era. Jockeys of
all degrees of merit have come before him for judicial
examination, and owners of erratic performers have been
called upon to explain the peculiarities of their horses.
That he has been able to maintain his popularity with all
classes of turfmen and at the same time give satisfaction
to the public, is a complete demonstration of his remark-
able fitness for the position that he has so long and so
successfully held. As a judge of outward physical con-
dition he probably has no superior; but it is only natural
to expect this, perhaps, in a man who has had the
superior advantage of looking on from a judicial throne
at so many of the great equine struggles that have

i.s6

THE AMERICAN TURF

WILLIAM K. VANDERBILT

VICE-PRESIDENT, CONEY ISLAND JOCKEY CLUB

IS6

THE AMERICAN TURF

JOHN G. HECKSCHER

VICE-PRESIDENT, CONEY ISLAND JOCKEY CLUB

156

THE AMERICAN TURF

glorified the American turf in a quarter of a century.

Mr. H. G. Crickmore lias brougiit to his position as a
racing official the experience of a lifetime spent in the
study of horses. Although he has never been engaged
in racing or breeding, there are few owners or breeders
who have a more complete knowledge of the thorough-
bred and his capabilities. For many years Mr. Crick-
more was the turf editor of The New York World, and
there gained a reputation as one of the best informed
and most brilliant turf writers in the United States. He
also started and for many years published Krik's Guide,
which during its existence was the recognized authority
relating to turf records, and is now regarded as an inval-
uable compendium of turf history for the period which
it covered. In all matters pertaining to the turf history
of the present quarter of a century Mr. Crickmore has
long been considered a superior authority, and few men
are more familiar with the earlier history of the turf in
this country and England. He is now secretary of the
Westchester Racing Association, and in that position
finds congenial occupation in arranging and watching
over the race meetings at Morris Park. In addition, he
is the racing secretary of the National Steeplechase and
Hunt Association. He is regarded as one of the most
capable and most useful racing officials known to the
Metropolitan turf.

Any consideration of the racing officials past and pres-
ent, whose services have availed to advance and conserve
the cause of racing, would be manifestly incomplete
without some reference to the many gentlemen who
have ably officiated .at the important race meetings all
over the country in the present time. A mere citation of
the names of some of these leading officials in the year
1897, for example, will suffice to indicate the charac-
ter of those in whose hands the welfare of the con-
temporaneous turf has been placed. The officials at the
great courses in the vicinity of New York have become
familiar to all metropolitan racing patrons. The West-
chester Racing Association, with headquarters at Morris
Park, in the year referred to was presided over by Messrs.
August Belmont, James Galway and Andrew Miller, as
stewards of the meeting. The clerk of the course was
Mr. H. G. Crickmore, and the judges, Messrs. C.
McDowell and R. W. Simmons. At the meetings of
the Brooklyn Jockey Club, the Coney Island Jockey Club
and the Brighton Beach Association, Messrs. Simmons
and McDowell also officiated as judges.

The president of the Brooklyn Jockey Club was Mr.
P. J. Dwyer, the secretary, Mr. H. D. Mclntyre, and the
stewards, Messrs. P. J. Dwyer, Andrew Miller and F. R.
Hitchcock. The affairs of the Coney Island Jockey Club
were ably directed by its president. Colonel Lawrence
Kip, and its secretary, Mr. Cornelius Fellowes, while the
stewards of the meeting were Messrs. J. H. Bradford, F.

R. Hitchcock and H. K. Knapp. The Brighton Beach
Course was controlled by the Brighton Beach Racing Asso-
ciation, of which Mr. William A. Engeman is president and
Mr. Charles V. Sass, secretary. The stewards of the meet-
ing were Messrs. C. McDowell, W. A. Engeman and
Sheridan Clark, and the judges Messrs. R. W. Simmons
and W. C. Cozier. Racing at the Aqueduct Course was
controlled by the Queens County Jockey Club, with Mr.
Thomas D. Reilly, president, and Fred Rehberger, secre-
tary. The stewards of the meeting were Clarence
McDowell and Thomas D. Reilly, and the judge William
C. Cozier. Mr. Edward Kearney, president, and Mr. B.
A. Chilton, secretary, of the Saratoga Association, are
well known to all members of the racing fraternity in
every part of the United States. The stewards of the
Saratoga Meeting were Messrs. W. S. Vosburgh and M.
N. Nolan, and the judge Mr. W. L. Powers. Racing at
the Bennings Course, Washington, D. C, which is con-
ducted under the rules of The Jockey Club, has long been
managed by the Washington Jockey Club, of which Mr.
S. S. Howland is the president and Mr. H. G. Crickmore
the clerk of course and scales.

The year's racing begins in San Francisco, where, in
January, the meeting of the Pacific Coast Jockey Club
opens. The president of the Jockey Club in 1897 was
Mr. F. N. Androus, and the secretary, Mr. F. H. Green,
the stewards of the meeting Messrs. J. H. Rees, J. W.
Wilson and Henry J. Crocker, and the judges, Messrs. J.
H. Rees and J. W. Wilson. The clerk of the scales was
Mr. Harry Kuhl. Not second in importance to the meet-
ing of the Pacific Coast Jockey Club is that of the Cali-
fornia Jockey Club, which holds its meetings at Oakland.
The president of the club was Mr. Thomas H. Williams,
Jr. ; its secretary, Mr. R. B. Milroy; the stewards, Messrs.
Thomas H. Williams, Jr., D. M. Burns, J. A. Murphy, J.
W. Brooks and J. J. Burke, and the judges, Messrs. J. J.
Burke and J. A. Murphy.

Racing is conducted in New Orleans, that historic
racing centre, by the Crescent City Jockey Club, of
which the manager was Mr. C. S. Bush and the secre-
tary, Mr. Sheridan Clark. At Memphis, Tenn., another
old-time racing resort, the New Memphis Jockey Club
directs racing affairs with Colonel M. Lewis Clark as
judge. The president of the club was Mr. S. R. Mont-
gomery and the secretary, Mr. M. N. MacFarlan. The
principal officers of the Kentucky Association which
manages racing at Lexington were Mr. Milton Young,
president, and Mr. F. Bissicks, Jr., secretary. The New
Louisville Jockey Club, of Louisville, Ky., had for its
president Mr. William F. Schulte, and for its secretary,
Mr. C. F. Price. At Nashville, Tenn., we find the Ten-
nessee Breeders' Association, with Mr. V. L. Kirkman,
president, and Mr. J. W. Russworm, secretary.

At St. Louis races are run under the management of

157

THE AMERICAN TURF

the St. Louis Fair Association, of wliich Mr. L. M.
Rumsey was president, Mr. Josepli A. Murphy, secre-
tary; the stewards of the meeting, Messrs. C. C. Maffitt,
Rolla Wells, J. C. Ghio and Robert Aull; the judges,
Messrs. Joseph A. Murphy and J. W. Price, and the clerk
of scales, Mr. John Hackmeister. The officers of the La-
tonia Jockey Club were Mr. J. C. Sherlock, president, and
Mr. E. C. Hopper, secretary. The Cincinnati Jockey Club,
whose meetings are held at Oakley Park, had for its presi-
dent Mr. A. S. Labold; for its secretary, Mr. W. R.
Letcher; for its stewards, Messrs. S. Simonton, G. R.
Griffiths and A. S. Labold, and for its judges, Messrs.
James H. Rees, Charles F. Price and Charles F. McLean.
The Queen City Jockey Club of Cincinnati, which holds
its meetings at Newport, Ky., had Mr. R. W. Nelson
for president and Mr. J. G. Hanley for secretary. Mr.
J. J. Burke officiated as judge.

In many smaller places, in addition to those already
enumerated, racing is conducted, and although of less
consequence than that on the larger courses, nevertheless
forms a component part of the yearly records of the turf.
Racing officials in those localities have important, even
though less honorous, duties than in the greater racing
centres. The president of the Little Rock Jockey Club
in 1897 was Mr. J. M. Gracie, and its secretary, Mr. J.
M. Frank. Racing at Ingall's Park, Illinois, is controlled
by the Ingall's Park Jockey Club, of which the secretary
was Mr. M. Nathanson, and the same gentleman held the
same relations to the courses at Sheffield and Lakeside,
Ind. The Highland Park Club, of Detroit, Mich., had its
affairs directed by Mr. M. B. Mills, president, and Mr. W.
O. Parmer, secretary. The officers of the Detroit Jockey
Club were Mr. D. J. Campau, president, and Mr. P. M.
Campbell, secretary. The president of the Kansas City
Fair and Racing Association, in Kansas City, Mo., was Mr.
B. H. Smith, and the racing secretary, Mr. Dave McDaniel.
In Montana the principal racing meetings of the year are
held at Butte and Anaconda. At the former place the
West Side Racing Association and at the latter the Ana-
conda Racing Association looks after the affairs, Mr. Ed
A. Tipton being the secretary for both associations.
From time to time changes in these boards of officers
occur, but most of those whose names have here been
recorded as in active official life in 1897 had held their
places ' for many years before, and are likely for many
years to come to give to the turf the very great advantage
of their experience and influence.

Turf affairs in the West and South have been for sev-
eral years past principally directed by the American Turf
Congress. This organization is composed of the Ken-
tucky Association, of Lexington, Ky. ; the New Louis-
ville Jockey Club, of Louisville, Ky. ; the Latonia

Jockey Club, of Covington, Ky. ; the St. Louis
Jockey Club, of St. Louis, Mo. ; the Tennessee
Breeders' Association, of Nashville, Tenn. ; the Little
Rock Jockey Club, of Little Rock, Ark. ; the New
Memphis Jockey Club, of Memphis, Tenn. ; the Cin-
cinnati Live Stock and Driving Park Company, of
Cincinnati; the New Louisiana Jockey Club, of New
Orleans, La. ; the Pacific Coast Jockey Club, of San
Francisco, Cal. ; the Queen City Jockey Club, of New-
port, Ky. ; the Washington Park Club, the Chicago Rac-
ing Association, and the Harlem Jockey Club, of Chicago,
111., and the Detroit Jockey Club and Highland Park Club,
of Detroit, Mich. The officers of this Congress, elected
in 1897 for the ensuing year, were Messrs. C. C. Maffitt,
president; Mr. W. F. Schulte, vice-president; Mr. O. L.
Bradley, treasurer; Mr. E. C. Hopper, secretary; Messrs.
E. F. Clay, Rolla Wells and George G. Perkins, com-
mittee on appeals, and Messrs. Joseph A. Murphy, James
H. Rees and E. C. Hopper, committee on licenses. The
purposes of this association are similar to those of The
Jockey Club of New York, and its direction of racing
affairs is to insure clean and upright sport. The Con-
gress co-operates in many respects with The Jockey Club,
and the combined influence of the two organizations
has tended toward improvement in racing affairs in the
West, as well as in the East.

Many other names might be added to these and the
list still be incomplete of efficient and reliable racing
officials. Too much commendation could in no way be
bestowed upon the gentlemen who in their responsible
positions have labored energetically, early and late, and
have done so much to keep the turf true to its best tradi-
tions. It is a burdensome task that the president and
other officers of jockey clubs and associations freely
assume, and too often a thankless one. Even more,
the stewards of the meetings, the judges, clerks and
starters take upon their shoulders the most exacting
duties. The demands of their positions call for sound
and far-reaching knowledge in regard to racing methods
and the history of thoroughbreds of the past, as well as
of the present, and an alertness in detecting and circum-
venting the wiles of some dishonest owners and jockeys.
Honesty, diplomacy, tact and firmness are imperative
requisites in them. That they are so generally success-
ful in the discharge of their difficult duties is the highest
testimony to their standing, not only in the racing world,
but with the general public as well. It may be truly said
that upon them, in a very large measure, rests the entire
success of the turf, for they, and they only, can keep it
pure and upright so that it shall win the approval of
the race-going public and the support of the racing fra-
ternity.

158

BREEDERS

AND

BREEDING ESTABLISHAAENTS

BRHRDHRS AND BREEDING ESTABLISHMENTS

Great Stud Farms of Kentucky, Tennessee and New Jersey— California's Contributions

TO the Turf— The Bitter Root, Nursery and Other Stock Farms— Modern

Methods of Selling Thoroughbreds

O pursuit that has engaged the attention of busi-
ness men in the United States has had a longer
or more honorable record than that which
pertains to the breeding of the thoroughbred
horse. Its beginning was almost coincident with the
foundation of the colonies, and from that time on it has
kept steady pace with the material growth of the coun-
try. Millions of dollars have been invested in it, and it
has constantly given employment to small armies of
men. Aside from its own importance, both by reason
of the large capital invested and its general profitable-
ness, it has contributed directly and indirectly to the
general prosperity of the country and to the encourage-
ment and development of many branches of industry,
some of which seem to be only distantly related to it.

There is one striking characteristic about this business
that cannot be overlooked. In most enterprises men are
engaged solely with a view to the profits to be derived
therefrom. Their business is regarded only as a more or
less convenient method of making a living, or, it may
be, of accumulating the fortune which all men are
believed to be aiming at. With the breeding of the
thoroughbred an entirely different condition of affairs
prevails. Breeders are not quite so oblivious to material
interests as to engage in the occupation in utter disregard
of the financial success that may accrue to them. At the
same time, however, they are, almost without exception,
thoroughly imbued with an abiding affection for the
noble animal whom they are engaged in propagating,
and in this respect they seem to be exceptional in the
business world. Their love for the thoroughbred and
the interest that they feel in the many absorbing and
often perplexing problems of breeding amounts almost
to a passion. The greatest breeders have undoubtedly
been eminently successful from the financial point of
view. Nevertheless their greatest satisfaction has surely
been derived from the spectacle of the gradual develop-
ment of the great equine race to which they have devoted
themselves and of the marvelous performances to which,
by the careful and thorough study that they have given
to the subject, they have contributed in no small degree.
It can be no unworthy object that has thus commanded
the attention of some of the greatest Americans of the
last two centuries. Men have turned themselves from
the exactions of public and professional pursuits and

from the allurements of social life to study theories
of breeding and to devote themselves to the work of
improving the character of the American blood horse.
From the time of Washington and JetTerson down to the
closing years of the nineteenth century, many of the
most distinguished and most influential gentlemen of
this country have found in breeding the thoroughbred
not only a profitable business, but, even more, an absorb-
ing pleasure.

The roll of men who have been famous as proprietors
of breeding establishments is a long and brilliant one,
and includes the names of many who have been fore-
most in their respective generations. At the present time
we have only to recall the names of such as the Messrs.
August Belmont — father and son— Pierre Lorillard, D. D.
Withers, George L. Lorillard, James R. Keene, J. B.
Haggin, Leland Stanford, George W. Hearst, and scores
of others not less worthy of enumeration, to gain at least
a slight idea of the general character of those who have
devoted themselves to this important pursuit. And it is
instructive to consider that, however eminent these gen-
tlemen may be in many walks of life, and however truly
representative Americans, they have, as respects the
matter to which we are here calling attention, simply
followed in the footsteps of others in previous genera-
tions who have been not less worthy of consideration as
typical enterprising American citizens of the highest
social and business standing and enthusiastically devoted
to the cause of the blood horse.

From racing to breeding is a natural step. In many
instances horsemen have combined both pursuits, espe-
cially in the olden time when turfmen, as a matter of
pride, if nothing else, made it a point, for the most part,
to breed the horses that they raised. It is significant in
the present time of a certain change in the character of
the turf that there is no such close alliance between
breeding and racing. While it is still true that in many
conspicuous instances the owners of stables are also pro-
prietors of breeding establishments, there has been some-
thing of a tendency toward separating the two and mak-
ing an independent business of breeding. To such an
extent has this practice obtained that many well-known
turfmen have almost entirely given over their racing in-
terests in order to attend to the business of breeding.

For example, Messrs, Clay & Woodford retired from

i6i

THE AMERICAN TURF

the race course and established the Runnymede Stud.
Major B. G. Thomas, whose stable was once a conspicu-
ous feature of all important race meetings, withdrew his
colors and pinned his future as a turfman upon the suc-
cess of King Ban in the Dixiana Stud. General W. G.
Harding retired from the turf in 187s, and ever after was
identified with the famous Belle Meade Stud. Mr. M.
H. Sanford, after his unsuccessful campaign in Europe,
gave up nearly all his racing interests, and a short time
before his death established the stud farm at North Elk-
horn, Ky. After the death of Mr. Sanford, Mr. Daniel
Swigert also retired from the turf and purchased the
North Elkhorn Stud Farm, at the same time owning the
Elmendorf Stud. At one time in his career Mr. James
R. Keene abandoned racing, and only maintained his
connection with the turf through his stud farm. Mr.
Charles Reed, after years of experience on the race
course, settled to the more profitable pursuit of breeding
at his Fairview Stud. Among others who may thus be
numbered have been Mr. Milton Young, who suc-
ceeded Mr. H. P. McGrath as the proprietor of the
McGrathiana Stud, Mr. F. B. Harper, Mr. James Frank-
lin, and many others whose names will doubtless readily
occur to every reader.

Breeding is the very practical side of the turf. Quite
as much as the racing meeting, it is the foundation of all
turf prosperity. Indeed, the theory that the race course
has existed, to a very considerable extent, only as an
encouragement to breeding, has always been persistently
held, and may indeed be accepted as reasonably correct.
It has continually been the defense of the race course
that it was an imperative necessity in order to secure
good horses for practical use in the every-day employ-
ments of life. Whenever a law has been made by legis-
latures, authorizing racing, the declaration is made in the
preamble, that it exists for the ultimate purpose of en-
couraging the breeding of horses and their improvement.
So universal has this been that many who have not
looked carefully into the subject have been inclined to
smile at this as a specious plea, believing that the con-
sideration for the improvement of the horse, thus con-
spicuously put forth, is merely an empty pretense and
designed to gloss over less commendable purposes.

This is not the truth, however, for the breeding of
thoroughbreds for the race course has unquestionably
resulted in the improvement of all horses of other classes
as well as of their own, and this could never have been
brought about had it not been for the incentive presented
by the race tracks with their large purses, their oppor-
tunities for enjoyable sport and the importance of racing
as a supreme test of merit in equine blood. A half cen-
tury ago, as we have repeatedly seen, all the great races
were at four-mile heats, and ability to stay, with plenty
of speed in reserve, was what the breeders and trainers

aimed at. Devoting their entire energies to thus develop-
ing the thoroughbreds that they handled, they not only
attained the specific object which they had in view,
but also brought about, as an inevitable result of their
work, a decided elevation in the character of all the
families of horses in the sections where they were located
and where breeding for racing has been the business of
importance for a century or more. It has been remarked
by one good authority that, " the English horse is a very
different animal from that of days previous to the era of
racing; now it is likely that the horses of England are
the best in the world. ' '

In some countries racing has not yet attained to the
position of being a national institution. There it has
been found, as a general thing, difficult to secure
really first-class horses for driving, riding or more utili-
tarian purposes. This deficiency is especially felt by the
governments when they are called upon to mount the
cavalry, and in order to supply this branch of the military
service, they are frequently obliged to maintain special
breeding stables. In the United States horses of a high
character for gentlemen riders, or for mounted troops,
have not been numerous or easy to secure. For the
United States cavalry horses have been bought, whenever
practicable, in the blue grass section of Kentucky. When
it was desired to equip several volunteer cavalry regi-
ments for service in the invasion of Cuba, there was no
thought of looking elsewhere than to Kentucky for the
necessary horses. With horses, quite as much as with
men, it is fully recognized that blood will tell, and Ken-
tucky has been so thoroughly given over to the breeding
of the thoroughbred that few horses exist there that have
not some good strains. The emulations of the turf in
that section, even more than elsewhere, have stimulated
a desire on the part of even the humblest farmers to have
a good racer and a winner in his stable. The whole
tendency of breeding, whether directly for purposes of
the turf or with other ends in view, is toward insuring
good blood.

Experience in our Civil War was conclusive evidence
of this superiority of thoroughbred stock over the more
plebeian families. It was again and again brought forci-
bly to the attention of those who had to do with the
matter that when two troops of cavalry were sent on a
hard campaign together, one mounted on Kentucky
horses and the other on horses from Northern States, the
former invariably wore the others out. The blood horse
showed his prowess and was equal to almost any exac-
tions, while the others broke down if undue strain was
placed upon them. The superiority of the Confederate
cavalry over the mounted troops of the North in the early
years of the war has not yet been forgotten by this gen-
eration. The Confederates were mounted upon horses
from Virginia, South Carolina, Tennessee and Kentucky,

162

THE AMERICAN TURF

Mild probably there was scarcely a single one of their
animals who had not, more or less thortuighbred blood
in his veins, while many of them were pure thoroLi_uh-
breds of the fii'st qLiality. wlio had been intended for the
race coiii'se, had not the unexpected demands of war
impressed them to severer uses. Forrest, Morgan and
other noted Confederate cavalrymen were for a long time
invincible, and their achievements were regarded as only
a little less than miraculous. But, after all, their success
was almost entirely due to the high grade of horses that
they rode.

It seems almost superfluous in view of these and many
other similar facts to point out the very great value of
the thoroughbred animal and the importance of encour-
aging racing as a most important factor in his develop-
ment. Racing was universal in the South in antebellum
days, and as an inevitable result came about the perfec-
tion of the horse of that section. Racing was compara-
tively little practiced in the North, save in New York, on
which account breeding was almost unknown. When,
therefore, attention is called to the striking difference
between the mounts of the cavalrymen of the two sec-
tions at this important period of the country's history,
further argument would seem to be unnecessary and fur-
ther proof not called for to show the superior merit of the
thoroughbred and the necessity of racing, since it is only
through that medium that, as experience has shown, his
improvement and development can be assured.

That is one of the most interesting chapters in the his-
tory of American breeding which specially describes the
success in this country of English stallions who have
been allowed to leave their native land before they had
been fully tried there. Dismissed without regret and
sometimes with positive satisfaction, as, comparatively
speaking, useless lumber, it was not long after their
departure before, in view of their great success here, they
were longed for with unavailing regret. Priam, although
a winner of the Derby, was disregarded in the stud, but
after he came to this country. Industry, Miss Letty and
Crucifix, whom he left behind him, reversed the reputa-
tion that he had possessed, while in this country he was
strikingly successful in establishing a notable American
family. Even more remarkable than Priam in this re-
spect was Glencoe. As a race horse he stood in the first
class, being second only to Plenipotentiary, and was of
the best English blood. As a stallion he suffered much
from comparison with Sultan, his sire, Emilius, Lottery,
Velocipede, Mameluke, Plenipotentiary and Touchstone,
but in his latter-day fame he has eclipsed them all.

A score of Derby winners trace direct to Glencoe, and
it has been said that in the last twenty-five years, or
more, at least two-thirds of the best horses of Great
Britain have had strains of his blood, among his descend-
ants having been Pocahontas, Stockwell, Isonomy, Rob-

ert the Devil, Tristan, Doncaster, Bend Or, Blair Athol,
Rataplan, Cremorne, Kisber, King Tom, Foxhall and
Rayon d'Or, and scores of others not less famous. Of
Glencoe's careei' in this country scarcely a word need be
said. More than any othei' single horse who has ever
been identified with the American stud he is the founda-
tion of the great thoroughbreds of this country. Few
American horses that have attained to eminence on the
track have failed to trace directly to him. It has been
well remarked that " the double cross of Glencoe has
long been acknowledged as the keystone to success in
breeding, and the triple cross, as in the cases of Foxhall,
Sly Dance and Glenmore, is fast becoming regarded as
the acme of blood."

Then there was Routh's Crab, by Crab out of a dam
by Councillor, one of the oldest and finest of the old
English thoroughbreds, who left a strain that has told
through many generations. Nor must we overlook
Diomed, by Florizel, one of the very best horses ever
imported, who has told the longest tale on American
stock, having been the sire in this country of Sir Archy,
Duroc, Florizel, Dinwiddle, Gracchus and many other
first-rate runners and themselves sires of runners. Fear-
nought by Regulus out of Silver Tail, the most distin-
guished horse of all the other early importations, and one
who left the most decided mark on the American race
horse in its earlier history, must also be added to
list. Then there was Wildair, who was foaled in 1753 by
Cade, and who proved such a successful stallion and sire
of racers that he was repurchased for a large sum and
sent back to England. Medley must also be included,
by Gimcrack out of Arminda. He was a most success-
ful stallion, and his blood is considered scarcely inferior
to that of Diomed, Shark or Bedford. Messenger, by
Mambrino out of a dam by Turf, was little regarded at
home, but became in this country one of the most suc-
cessful stallions.

Of modern instances, perhaps the name of Leamington
will first occur. Condemned at home and sold to this
country, he here closely rivaled the immortal Lexington,
and English writers have since acknowledged that allow-
ing him to leave that country was little less than a crim-
inal mistake. Scores of other instances might be cited
in still further illustration of this point as showing how
America has gained from the potency of blood that was
overlooked by our English cousins. Nor has this coun-
try alone thus profited. Buccaneer, a good race horse of
Great Britain, was not held in high favor because his get
were not considered to be stayers. He was sold to
Austria, but had scarcely left his native land when Paul
Jones, Formosa and Brigantine appeared to completely
upset the previous adverse opinion regarding his merit
and to make the English wish that they had him back
again. Then there was Gladiator, who passed over to

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THE AMERICAN TURF

France, disregarded and discarded. Across the Channel
he founded a family that had no superior in his time, and
sent back to the country that had failed to appreciate him
Gladiateur, Mortemer and Chamant, who carried away
the Derby and other great prizes.

In recent years the passion for imported stallions on
the part of American breeders has intensitied to a degree
that has before never been surpassed. Every master of
a breeding establishment has been on the constant out-
look for some well-bred English or Australian stallion who
should give promise of great things when grafted upon
American stock. The success of these imported stallions
has, on the whole, been remarkable, and would seem to
fully justify the enthusiasm of breeders for strains of for-
eign blood. This is the more surprising when we
consider that, as has just been pointed out, most of these
importations have been horses who were not held in
high repute at home, and who really, as a matter of fact,
were never pre-eminently distinguished until they came
across the Atlantic. Leamington, Eclipse, and Rayon
d'Or, for example, were good performers, but scarcely to
be considered as first-class, and, yet, how successful
they have been in the stud in America every one
knows.

Mortemer was a great race horse unquestionably, and
so was Glenelg, but the latter was foaled in this country,
having been imported in embryo. Phaeton never did
anything on the course in England, but in this country
will be forever remembered as the sire of Ten Broeck,
iKing Alfonso, Lisbon, St. Martin and others. Billet was
only an ordinary performer, but he added to the worth
of the American turf by getting such swift progeny as
Volturno, Runnymede, Miss Woodford, Raceland, Sir
Dixon and others. King Ban, as a racer, was of no ac-
count, but his get, as King Fox, Ban Fox, Rosaline,
Punster and others, had superior claims to recognition.
King Ernest, who never ran a race, got for us such good
ones as Mikado, Report, Kinglike and others. From
Great Tom we have had Tyrant and General Harding,
and from Glen Athol, who was utterly despised at home,
came Glenmore, Greenfield and Checkmate to add to the
glories of the American turf. Then there was Buckden,
who gave us Bend Or, Buchanan and Matinee; The
lU-Used, who gave us Magnetizer, Jack of Hearts and
Lady Primrose; Australian, from whom we have had
Spendthrift, Springbok, Helmbold, Rutherford, Fellow-
craft and many others not less noteworthy; Glenelg,
who sired Monitor, Louisette, Firenze, Dry Monopole,
Ferida and others, and Mortemer, from whom came
Wanda, Cyclops, Chimera and Exile.

The explanation of this phenomenal success of im-
ported stallions who at home had not ranked especially
high, have been many and varied. Some theorists have
held that the result demonstrates the decided superiority

of the English thoroughbred over the native stallion,
arguing that climatic differences have probably brought it
about, and that even the inferior English stallion is ahead
of the native animal, as a sire. Others have claimed that
the American mares have furnished just the desirable
nick that was necessary to bring out the potency of the
foreigner. One interesting thing has. been pointed out,
and that is that the imported stallions began to arrive
here about the time that our system of racing changed,
and a writer in The Spirit of the Times has argued with
a great show of reasonableness to demonstrate that the
English horses had the advantage from the fact that they
had been bred from strains which for a generation or
more had been trained to short distance racing, while our
native sires had been bred principally under the long dis-
tance test. There would seem to be considerable con-
firmation of this theory in the fact that the fast young-
sters of the present period, who have been trained for
the short dashes that are now the vogue on the American
turf, are in turn succeeding in the stud, quite as well as
any of their English rivals. Still, the time has not yet
come when the belief in the value of the imported stal-
lion, rather than those of native produce, has been
entirely eradicated, and it is probable that for a long time
in the future we shall continue to add new strains of
foreign blood to our American thoroughbred families.

No more interesting problem has engaged the attention
of turfmen, both in England and America for genera-
tions past, than that which relates to the relative speed
and stoutness of the thoroughbred and the Oriental horse.
The question seems to have been finally very well set-
tled, with undoubted evidence in favor of the great
superiority of the English thoroughbred and his descend-
ants of the American turf. It may be safely conceded
that two hundred years or more ago the Arabians were
undoubtedly the fastest runners in the world. Now,
however, at the end of the nineteenth century the mod-
ern thoroughbred is as far superior to the present horse
of the East in his qualities and powers as he is in size,
bone, strength and ability to carry weight. While the
Arabians remain practically in the same condition that
they were centuries ago, there has been a vast improve-
ment in the character of their English progeny. The
best old English blood, which had in it a part of the
Spanish stock, when mixed with the true Arabian or
Barb race in the beginning of breeding the thoroughbred
in England, brought about infinitely better results than it
had ever been possible to secure from the unmixed and
unstudied breeding of the Arabians in their native land.
The intelligent breeding that has been followed since that
time and the selection of the choicest animals to breed
from, a measure that has been made possible, largely by
the tests of the race course, have brought about this
result. Upon practical test it has been found that with

164

THE AMERICAN TURF

an allowance of as high as forty-eight pounds the Arabian
has never been able to win an English race.

Some fifty years ago the subject was I'egarded as a
matter of such supreme importance that discussion was
rife, both among English horsemen and those of the
East, each of whom patriotically supported the claims of
the respective breeds of their countries. The Viceroy of
Egypt even went so far as to challenge the English
Jockey Club to run a certain number of English horses
against the pick of his stables. The match was declined,
first because the English Jockey Club in its corporate
capacity never owned any racers, and secondly because,
to run a distance race over broken desert ground was
considered a greater risk of destroying valuable animals
than the circumstances would justify. Subsequently,
however, as a result of this challenge, a race was run at
Cairo between the English mare Fair Nell and an Arab
horse belonging to Aaleen Pacha, and the result has been
regarded as of the greatest value as a clear demonstration
of the relative prowess of the two equine families. The
length of the race was eight miles, over a rough, gravelly,
sandy road, and the English mare won, covering the
course in i8)^ minutes, beating the Arabian by a full
mile and pulling up fresh. Aaleen Pacha, who owned
the Arabian horse, was a son of Abbas Pacha, the Vice-
roy, who, three years before, had challenged the English
Jockey Club.

Fair Nell was supposed to be a thoroughbred, her sire
being the celebrated Irish horse Friney, but she was not
in the Stud Book. She was a beautiful light bay, of
powerful build, and was used as a hunter, being a hard-
worker and having a wonderful pace. She was called a
"raking Irish devil, " and frequently traveled thirty-
two miles in the course of a day at an easy canter,
carrying twelve stone without showing the least fatigue.
She was in low condition when she was shipped to
Egypt, yet ran and won her race within two months
from the time of landing. On her trial before the race
she did five miles in io}4 minutes. Although the result
with a single thoroughbred might not be considered as
absolutely conclusive, yet when we consider that Fair
Nell was not incontestably proven to be a pure thorough-
bred, and that her rate of speed, both in her recorded
five-mile trial and her eight-mile race, was less than that
which has been displayed by many English and American
thoroughbreds, the conclusion that the latter must be
superior to their Arabian rivals may be considered as
fairly settled. At any rate, the Egyptians were then
convinced that their Arabians could be beaten by English
horses, and few turfmen now question that the modern
thoroughbred possesses speed and endurance which are
his peculiar inheritance beyond any other horse in the
world. It is beyond all doubt that no Arabian horse ever
lived who could in any respect challenge such great thor-

oughbreds as Flying Childers, Herod, Eclipse, Diomed,
Glencoe, Sir Archy, Boston, Lexington and hundreds of
other heroes of the English and American turf in days gone
by, not to mention scores and hundreds of contemporane-
ous equine champions. Thefew Arabians that have been
seen in England and this country have never been able
to cut any figure upon the course, and when it came to
the consideration of such great races as the Grand Prix,
the Derby and the chief events of the course in this
country they have never been regarded as even in the
class to warrant their participation in such affairs.

An interesting experiment that was carried out by the
distinguished American breeder, Mr. A. Keene Richards,
seemed to conclusively and finally settle this question
in favor of the claim of the thoroughbred. Few
turfmen in the United States had a larger acquaint-
ance, or a wider experience, or gave themselves
up more unreservedly to the promotion of the interest
of the thoroughbred than did Mr. Richards. From
the time of his boyhood he was interested in horses,
and studied the thoroughbred with enthusiasm and with
rare good judgment. He was a native of Kentucky,
having been born in Scott County in 1827. His death
occurred upon his celebrated farm, Blue Grass Park,
Georgetown, Ky., in March, 1881. After completing
his education in Bethany College, West Virginia, he
spent several years in travel in England, Europe, Africa
and Asia. His interest in horses had by this time be-
come fully matured, and the greater part of the years
that he spent abroad was given to thorough investiga-
tion of the thoroughbred in his original habitat. After
visiting all the prominent studs, breeding and training
establishments in England and France, he proceeded to
carry out a project that he had long before matured to
make a tour of the Barbary States and the West of Africa
and study the thoroughbred in the countries where his
progenitors were considered to have originated. Travel-
ing through Spain, where he made himself familiar with
the Andalusion breed of horses and the royal stud of
Madrid, he then made an extended journey through
Algeria and Morocco, a greater part of the tour being
accomplished on horseback.

Next he went to Egypt and Arabia Petrea. His party
made the entire journey through Arabia on dromedaries,
and there he commenced that thorough investigation into
the Arabian horse that made him particularly conspicuous
in his generation. Notwithstanding that the native tribes
of Arabia were then at war and travel throughout that
country was dangerous in the extreme, he pushed his
investigations far into the Anazeh country, whence gen-
erations before had come the great Darley Arabian and
other parents of the English thoroughbred family.
Abundant opportunities were given him to study the
Arabian horse in his native state, and he bought several

165

THE AMERICAN TURF

animals that were the choicest of their kind that could
be procured. These he shipped to England and thence
to America, and then returned home himself ready to
carry out the experiment that he had planned and in
which he had the fullest confidence of ultimate success.
Completely informed now regarding the horse of the
Orient and his English thoroughbred descendant,
their origin and history, he was confident that the best
horse in the state of nature was the Arab. His new
possessions, the pure Arabian stallions, Massoud and
Mokhladi, and the mare, Sadah, arrived at his Blue Grass
Park home in 1853. He also made handsome additions
to his stud of American bred horses, and the following
year in a second trip to Arabia he purchased the mare
Nulie and the stallions Sacklowie and Fysaul. He also
brought from England about the same time Knight of
St. George, the St. Leger winner of i8s4; Australian and
his dam Emilia, with her foal, Frazzoletto, Jr. ; and the
brood mares Spiletta (dam of Spinola, Fenian and
Rosetta), Melrose (dam of John Porter and Melbourne,
Jr.) and Target (dam of Creedmoor).

Although Mr. Richards' experiment with the Arabians
attracted a great deal of attention at the time, it was not
generally looked upon as giving much promise for the im-
provement of the American thoroughbred. Mr. Richards
was not convinced of this, but, after a few years, when
it was found that his imported Arabians made no very
distinct impress upon American stock, he was gradually
forced to the conclusion that, after all, nothing in the
world could surpass the best bred English and American
horse. He spent a great deal of time and money in put-
ting his theories to test, and some of the finest blooded
mares in the country were bred to his Arabians. The
outcome was a practical failure, and since his time there
has been very little talk about the value of Arabian stock
for the improvement of the thoroughbred, and breeders
have ceased to give it any further attention.

There has long existed among turfmen a positive and
well-defined opinion that Kentucky is, par excellence,
the natural home of the American thoroughbred. This
is not the place to enter upon a discussion of the relative
merits of that State as compared with other sections of
the country, for breeding purposes. The question is an
intricate one and is not to be solved offhand. A re-
view even of the arguments that are advanced on either
side would require more space than can here be given
and probably come to no good results. Briefly, the con-
tention for Kentucky is that its far-famed blue grass
pastures and limestone soil offer advantages such as can
be obtained nowhere else in the country, and it is partic-
ularly urged that the presence of limestone in the
soil contributes to making the horses that are raised there
strong in bone and capable of great endurance. On the
other hand, however, it may not be forgotten that the

great race horses of England have been developed with-
out the peculiar advantages claimed for Kentucky, while
at the same time some of the greatest thoroughbreds
known to the American turf at all periods of its history
have been bred in widely separated parts of the country
and under conditions manifestly diverse.

Experience would seem to indicate that, notwithstand-
ing the undoubted advantages possessed by Kentucky,
it is still possible to raise thoroughbreds elsewhere that
shall be undoubtedly of the most approved character.
Merely as a suggestion, it might perhaps be well worth
considering that the apparently great numbers of success-
ful Kentucky thoroughbreds, as compared with the lesser
number who have been bred elsewhere, may be in some
measure, at least, due to the fact that they are the sur-
vivals of an army of foals infinitely greater than is seen
in all the rest of the country put together. It would be
an interesting calculation, if it were possible, to go back
for many years and see how the successful thoroughbred
from Kentucky, in proportion to the total number foaled
there, compared with those that were bred elsewhere.

Without attempting any solution of the question, or
venturing to express an ex cathedra opinion, we may at
least point out some of the few prominent representa-
tives of the thoroughbred family that have come from
other parts of the country than Kentucky. New York
raised American Eclipse and Medoc, who contested on
equal footing with the best horses of the country in the
earlier days of the turf. In later years New York could
point with pride to Glenelg, Olitipa, Ruthless, Ferncliffe,
Monday, Countess and Forester. Nor must we forget
that the great Ariel, daughter of American Eclipse, was
of Long Island birth. So too were Black Maria, Bay
Maria, Shark and other noted horses of the same family.
In New Jersey, Fashion, daughter of imported Trustee,
was bred, and surely no horse in the early part of this
century was more distinguished. Also from New Jersey
have come Macduff, Hiawasse, Leo, Requital and many
others. Iroquois, Parole, Sensation, Spinaway, Harold
and Onondaga were the produce of Pennsylvania. Mary-
land raised Catesby and Crickmore, while to Virginia are
credited Boston and scores of others. Illinois, Missouri,
Ohio, California and Montana have also contributed their
quota to the successful race horses of the day, and page
upon page might be filled with simply the enumeration
of names did time and space permit.

Enough has already been said, however, to at least
indicate that no single section of the country can claim
the exclusive monopoly of having bred our greatest race
horses. The few names that have been presented, which
really scarcely open the list, will suggest scores of others
entitled to place in the enumeration equally with those
that have been given. The wonderful success that has
attended some of the more recent breeding establish-

166

THE AMERICAN TURF

ments in the North :ind the far West is an argument
from practical experience that cannot be easily disposed
of. Such breeding farms as the Erdenheim, Rancocas,
Meadowbrook. Westbrook, Brookdale, Algeria and others
in the East, the Riverside, Bitter Root, Rancho del Paso,
i'alo Alto and others in the far West, have by their pre-
eminent success in adding many winners to the racing
calendar and the Stud Book, placed themselves in rank
with the oldest establishments that have been conspicu-
ous in Kentucky and other parts of the South for a half
century or more. It seems to be fully demonstrated in
these closing years of the century that enterprise, skill
and scientific management are c^uite as important ele-
ments as favorable natural conditions in securing the
best breeding results.

Kentucky, however, is still richer in thoroughbred
stock than any other section of the United States. There
is almost no necessity of calling the attention of those
who have even the most superficial acquaintance with
the subject to the fact that for many years this State
enjoyed almost a monopoly in the breeding of the blood
horse, so that the sentiment in favor of the Kentucky
foals well-nigh developed into a superstition. To an
almost incredible extent the State, with its far-famed
blue grass pastures and limestone soil, was in the olden
days, and also indeed in the present, given over to breed-
ing purposes. In some counties almost the entire acre-
age of land has been taken up by breeding establishments
and the agricultural enterprises connected with them,
while the repute of the great blue grass region has gone
out to all the world. Although the former pre-eminence
of the State in this respect has been somewhat shaken in
the present generation, the position that it has held for
nearly a century at the head of the great breeding sec-
tions of this country is still successfully maintained.
Notwithstanding the large and increasing value of the
thoroughbred output from California, New Jersey and
elsewhere in recent years, the names of most of the
great stud farms are still identified with the blue grass
country.

Should we attempt to make even the most cursory and
perfunctory reference to all the stud farms in Kentucky
that are deserving of recognition for the commendable
work that they have done in the development of the
thoroughbred many pages would be required. Some of
these establishments, however, by reason of their extent,
long and honorable history and the very great influence
that they have had in developing the practice of breeding
and of racing may not be casually passed over. Their
history has in every way constituted a most important
part of the history of the thoroughbred in America, and
they may be fairly taken as typically representative of the
great breeding interests of the country for a century or
more. From these renowned establishments have

come most of the great blood horses whose careers as
representative American racers, both in this country and
in Europe, have reflected glory upon their family and the
country that gave them birth and nurtured them.

Even in Kentucky, the home of great stud farms, no
establishment of the kind ever ranked higher than that at
Woodburn. For a generation or more it was the largest
and most successful breeding estate in the wodd, and it
has been fairly said of one of its proprietors, Mr. Robert
A. Alexander, that he " did more in his short life for the
improvement of the blood horse than any other man in
America." Woodburn being one of the first breeding
places in the United States, really served as a model for
subsequent undertakings of the same nature. In its
palmy days no other stud farm sheltered a like number
of mares and stallions, and none other sent to- the race
track so many great champions. The estate was an ideal
of an old Kentucky home, and dated back to the pioneer
days of the State. The Alexander house that for several
generations was occupied by the family, was built orig-
inally by a younger brother of a Scotch baronet, who
settled and married in this Western wilderness. When
his brother died and he succeeded to the baronetcy, he
had become so attached to his New Worid home that he
refused to return to Scotland. He drew the revenues of
his large estate abroad, however, and expended them in
improving his Kentucky place until it became a princely
domain in extent and richness. Throughout his life he
contented himself with the low and rambling structure,
part brick and part wood, that he first built and that he
left as the ancestral home to his descendants.

One must not overiook Mr. Robert Aitcheson Alex-
ander in the consideration of those who played a con-
spicuous part in turf affairs during its formative period.
Mr. Alexander, although a native Kentuckian, was a
nephew of Sir William Alexander, of England. Edu-
cated at Cambridge, England, he was a man of strong
intellectual powers, and brought to the business of breed-
ing thoroughbreds an intelligence and knowledge sur-
passing that of most of his compatriots. He became,
perhaps, the largest and most successful breeder in the
worid, his large fortune enabling him to give full vent to
his inclination and to carry out his ideas upon the grand-
est scale. It is said that not even that wealthy corpora-
tion, the Rawcliffe Stud Company, of England, exceeded
his Woodburn establishment in extent or in importance.
It was not until 1856, when he was thirty-eight years of
age, that he first appeared upon the turf, but in a few
years he became a conspicuous figure at all racing meet-
ings, although his blue and white were not at first
particularly successful. Giving his life to the thorough-
bred, he never married, but was to a considerable extent
prominent in society. His enthusiastic devotion to his
chosen profession led him to carry heavier burdens than

167

THE AMERICAN TURF

he was physically capable of, and he died in 1867 at the
age of forty-eight, worn out by the business cares that
he had voluntarily assumed.

Under the management of Mr. A. J. Alexander, who
succeeded his brother, the Woodburn establishment,
which comprised some 4,000 acres of land, steadily grew
in importance and in reputation. The constant aim of
the Alexanders was always to breed from the most ap-
proved stallions and mares, and the name of Woodburn
has been, as a natural result, identified with many of the
greatest thoroughbreds that the American turf has known
in the last half of the nineteenth century. Perhaps Lex-
ington gave the place its most renown, and as the
corner stone of the American thoroughbred family of the
middle of the century, he linked the names of Woodburn
and Alexander with his own. For some ten years fol-
lowing 185s, Lexington, Scythian, who was imported
by the Messrs. Alexander, and Australian, who was im-
ported by Mr. A. Keene Richards and then purchased by
the Alexanders, presided over this establishment. After-
ward other good stallions arrived to keep them company,
among them being Planet, that phenomenal Virginia
horse, so long owned by Major Doswell. Asteroid, son
of Lexington, also came to take his place beside his
greater sire. Many of the noted horses of the sixties
and seventies came out of Woodburn, among them Nor-
folk, Kentucky, Asteroid, Pat Malloy, Idlewild, Daniel
Boone, Gilroy and others. Subsequently Glen Athol,
then King Alfonso, after the death of Lexington, in 1876,
and then Lisbon and Pat Malloy were added to the estab-
lishment.

Among the great thoroughbred matrons identified with
Woodburn were Glenluine, dam of Troubadour and
Lizzie Krepps; Jamaica, dam of Foxhall; Cachuca, dam
of Fresno and Palestine, and imported Flora McDonald,
dam of Dundee and King Mac. Another was Sylph,
who traced to the famous Magnolia by imported Glencoe ;
she was the dam of such great horses as Princeton, Han-
over, Daniel Boone, Simon Kenton, Skedaddle, Kentucky,
Victory, Madonna and Madeline, grandam of Iroquois.
Woodburn was the birthplace of the famous Foxhall, son
of King Alfonso, who was also the sire of Fonso, Gren-
ada, Don Fulano, Telemachus and other fast ones. From
Glen Athol, by Blair Athol, Glenmore and Checkmate
went out to further enhance the fame of Woodburn.
Pat Malloy added Bob Miles, Lord Murphy and others to
the notable list of this establishment's foals, while Fal-
setto got Dewdrop, Fresno, Rupert and Fordham. Lis-
bon got Troubadour, who won the sensational Suburban
of 1886. Powhattan, by Leamington out of Maiden by
Lexington, and a full brother to the famous gelding
Parole, was another inmate of the Woodburn Stud
along in the eighties. Could all the great racers who
have come out of Woodburn be brought together

in one company they would make one of the grandest
armies of thoroughbreds ever known to the turf in the
United States, while they would scarcely take second
place to the like produce of any foreign stud.

The Elmendorf Stud Farm, although less ancient than
that of Woodburn, has been particularly notable in later
years through the brilliant performances of its sons and
daughters. The establishment was founded by Mr.
Milton H. Sanford, who spent a small fortune in improv-
ing it, and regarded it as the great achievement of his
career as a sportsman. Located in the immediate vicin-
ity of Lexington and in the very heart of the richest blue
grass region, it comprised over 500 acres, nearly all of
which was rich pasturage. After Mr. Sanford 's death it
became the property of Mr. Daniel Swigert and later on
passed into the possession of Mr. C. J. Enright. Some
of the finest race horses that were ever stripped on the
course in this country were the product of Elmendorf.
Here imported Prince Charlie ruled for a few short years
and got, among other famous sons and daughters, the
immortal Salvator out of Salina. Here also imported
Glenelg stood for many seasons and added much to the
distinction of the American turf by his famous progeny.
Tremont, the unbeaten black wonder, who never knew
defeat, was dropped here, his dam being Ann Fief, and
here was foaled that grand filly Firenze, who beat every-
thing that came in her way. Finework, one of the most
successful of the many dams who helped to increase the
fame of their great sire, Lexington, produced here Port-
land, Elkhorn Lass and Embroidery. Fair Lady, dam of
Bermuda and Dagonet; Stamps, dam of Katie Pease,
Louisette and Precious; Peru, dam of Dry Monopole;
Marguerite, dam of Rupert and Ruperta; Gondola, dam
of Senorita; these whose names have been caught up at
random, have been a few among the many matrons who
threw famous sons and daughters that have added dis-
tinction to Elmendorf.

Runnymede Stud, at Paris, Ky., owned and managed
by the Messrs. Clay & Woodford, is another one of the
historic breeding establishments of that section. It has
had a long, notable and honorable career. The owners
have always given their personal attention to everything
pertaining to the business of the place, and they have
been altogether successful in bringing out some of the
best blood horses of the modern turf. The estate com-
prises some 500 acres of the best blue grass land.
Thereon imported Billet has stood in recent years, and in
the stud have been dams of Lexington, Leamington,
Glencoe and Bonnie Scotland blood.

One of the most successful breeders in America in the
early part of the last quarter of the nineteenth century
was Mr. John M. Clay, whose historic establishment near
Ashland has been as rich in traditions as any other in the
United States. Mr. Clay was established as a breeder by

168

THE AMERICAN TURF

his father, the great statesman, Henry Clay, who gave to
him that tine race horse and excellent stallion, imported
Yorkshire. Mr. (^lav had much success with Magnolia
and Topaz, who were Glencoe mares, and with Balloon,
daughter of Yorkshire. The colts that he bred, that
afterward became great race horses, would be numbered
by the hundreds. He had great faith in imported York-
shire, and also in the crosses of Lexington's sons upon
Glencoe's daughters. After the death of Mr. Clay his
widow succeeded to the head of the establishment, and
for years was the only woman in the United States
engaged in this particular kind of business. She had a
complete knowledge of the blood horse and of breeding
methods, while the pedigrees of all the great thorough-
breds were as household words to her. She was not
less successful than her husband had been in raising
some distinguished performers for the turf and in adding
value to the blood of the American race horse.

Bosque Bonita has also been one of the celebrated stud
farms of Kentucky. It was not a large establishment as
compared with some of its more conspicuous rivals,
including less than lOO acres. It was charmingly located,
however, and comprised stretches of beautiful woodland
and rich pasture. General Abe Buford, the proprietor,
was one of the foremost turfmen of his period. Upon
his stud farm were bred some of the most distinguished
horses that have ever been known to the American turf.
Among his earlier colts were Charleston, Ruric, Portland
and many others, not less successful as race horses. In
later days the chief of the Bosque Bonita Stud was the
renowned imported Sovereign. This great stallion stands
in the Stud Book as second only to imported Glencoe as
a getter of successful racers. Altogether, he was one of
the most famous sires that the world ever knew, and
has added immeasurably to the value of American blood
stock.

Early in the seventies Mr. M. H. Sanford started his
breeding establishment at North Elkhorn Farm, near Lex-
ington, Ky. Sparing neither time nor expense, he built
a splendid stud farm that in its day was said to have been,
with one exception, the largest of its class in the United
States. Here he kept, when he was at the height of his
interest in the turf, nearly lOO brood mares, who com-
bined in themselves the choicest strains of blood known
to America. Monarchist, that great race horse, who so
pre-eminently distinguished himself on many fields of
honor, was long at the head of the harem. With him
were Virgil and imported Glenelg. All three of these
stallions added to their triumphs on the race course
further success in the stud. Glenelg produced Idalia,
Orion, Eva Shirley and others, who were winners in
their first season. The get of Virgil has been so often
referred to in these pages that there is no call to say more
in regard to them here. With these three great stallions

Mr. Sanford added marvelously to the racing blood of the
United States. The effect of his enterprise has never
ceased to be felt even to the present day, and is con-
stantly in evidence in the performance of many cham-
pions who trace their origin to horses that were foaled and
bred at North Elkhorn.

Glen Agnes Stud Farm, that was founded by Mr. N.
Kinzer, and was afterward owned by Messrs. Douglass
& Daly, has had a good reputation outside of Kentucky,
as well as in the State where it was located. Its great
sire has been imported Eothen, who probably will be
best remembered as the sire of Requital. The National
Stock Farm, where Bob Miles, Terra Cotta and others
stood; the Bashford Manor, with which Azra, Pandee
and others have been identified; the Stonewall Stud of
Captain B. Viley, where Belvedere has stood; the Oak-
wood Stud of Messrs. Applegate & McMeeken, with its
Melbourne and Hurricana sires; the names of these
readily come up in this connection, and with equal grace
a hundred others quite as worthy of enumeration might
be added to the list without closely approaching the end
of the subject.

Tennessee has sometimes been a close rival of Ken-
tucky in the importance of its breeding interests. Easily
among the foremost nurseries in that State must stand
the famous Belle Meade Stud Farm, that for nearly three-
quarters of a century has occupied a prominent part in
the work of developing the American thoroughbred. It
is a magnificent property of 3,800 acres, comprising
some of the best land for breeding purposes known in
that section of the country. Among the great stallions
who have been identified with it and who ended their
lives in its harem have been imported Priam, the Derby
winner; imported Eagle, imported Bluster, Vandal, Jack
Malone, Childe Harold, imported Bonnie Scotland, John
Morgan and many others scarcely second in merit. In
contemporaneous times Iroquois, Luke Blackburn, En-
quirer, Longstreet, Clarendon, imported Great Tom,
imported Loyalist, Tremont and Inspector B. have
reigned supreme. During twenty years, from 1870 to
i8qo, the produce of the Belle Meade Stud Farm won
upward of $2,000,000 in stakes and purses. In iBqi, 12s
racers from the establishment won over $300,000 in 4S0
races, and the record in years following that date has
shown even an advance over those remarkable figures.
Enquirer as an inmate of this stud achieved a national
reputation. During thirteen years, from 1878 to 1890,
inclusive, his get won in stakes and purses upward of
$46 s, 000.

Among the Belle Meade matrons who have been par-
ticularly distinguished are TuIIahoma, dam of Tulla Black-
burn and Tammany; Silver Maid, dam of Young Luke
and Taviston; Vintage Time, dam of Uncle Bob, who
won the American Derby; Bribery, dam of Miss Ford

169

THE AMERICAN TURF

and Zuleika; Miss Hampton, dam of Elyton; Guildean,
dam of Ben Harrison,- Wrestler and Guildura, and Mari-
posa, dam of Swift, Beatitude and Boulevard. For a
generation the Belle Meade Farm was in the possession
of General W. G. Harding and General W. H. Jackson,
two of the most enterprising of modern turfmen. In
1893, Mr. Richard Croker signalized his advent upon the
turf by purchasing a half interest of the estate from Gen-
eral Jackson. The price that he paid, $250,000, suffi-
ciently indicates the great value of the place. Dobbins,
Yorkville Belle, Longstreet and other famous thorough-
breds have been in the Belle Meade Stud in recent times.

One must not leave Tennessee without first having
given attention to the Fairview Stud of Mr. Charles Reed,
situated near Gallatin. Although one of the younger
establishments, as compared with some of the historic
farms, it has long had an enviable reputation. The Fair-
view came notably into prominence when its proprietor,
with an intrepidity that well-nigh astounded the turf
world, paid $100,000 for imported St. Blaise when the
Nursery Stud of the late Honorable August Belmont was
sold in 1 89 1. Previous to that time Mr. Reed had a well
established stud, but the advent of St. Blaise gave it a
pre-eminence that it had never enjoyed before, and in
some respects marked an important point in the history
of American breeding. The value of an undoubtedly
high class and successful stallion was particularly em-
phasized by the fee of $2,soo which Mr. Reed placed
upon St. Blaise.

When that eminent sire entered the Fairview Stud the
establishment had already been identified with some very
good stallions. There was imported Mr. Pickwick, son
of the Derby winner. Hermit, and also Forester, Miser,
imported Cheviot, Long Taw, imported Muscovy and
Exile, son of imported Mortemer. Miser, a full brother
to Spendthrift, was fairly successful for his owner, and
made Fairview especially well known through his
daughter, Yorkville Belle, who was one of the best
two-year olds of her season. Thora, that grand old
mare, was the most distinguished matron ever attached
to Fairview. As the dam of the famous Dobbins, by
Mr. Pickwick, and the wonderful filly, Yorkshire Belle,
by Miser, she added glories to the American turf that age
can never dim. Among her companions have been Mary
Anderson, dam of Wary, Melodrama and Actor; Bonnie
Wood, dam of Phoenix, Annie and Hell Gate; Athleen,
dam of Peter and Athlete, and Acquital, dam of Defend-
ant and Not Guilty, with many others not at all less
worthy of note.

Of the stud farms that have existed in New Jersey in
modern times none has been more deservedly prominent
than the famous Brookdale, the property of Mr. David
D. Withers, the mentor of the American turf. During
the lifetime of the " Sage of Brookdale " his establishment

had a reputation second to none anywhere in the coun-
try. Situated in a neighborhood famous for its horse
traditions and identified with such noble animals as
Eclipse, Mingo and others in the olden times, Brookdale
was an ideal stud farm and the beloved home of an ideal
sportsman, in the immediate vicinity was the old Lloyd
farm, forever associated with the names of Nemesis and
Attila. Nearby was the farm of Mr. Francis Morris, one
of the foremost sportsmen of the last generation. There
Ruthless, Relentless, Remorseless and other members of
the famous Barbarity family, were bred, while in later
years, under another owner, St. Martin, Plevna and Post-
Guard were trained. Wildidle was trained on the track
of this farm, in 187s, and brought into the condition that
enabled him to win the Fordham Handicap. The neigh-
borhood of Brookdale is full of the most delightful recol-
lections pertaining to the thoroughbred, his breeding and
his racing.

Brookdale was not originally designed for a stud farm.
Mr. Withers bought the property purely for training pur-
poses, and, as he once expressed it, "I didn't embark in
breeding — I drifted into it." But, having once engaged
in the business, he continued in it with that enthusiasm
and unreserved devotion that characterized all his pro-
ceedings as a sportsman. He had his own peculiar
theories in regard to the development of the thorough-
bred, and persisted in following those, ever refusing
to cater to the likes and dislikes of others. His judg-
ment was not always faultless, but he steadily held to
his own opinions, nevertheless. When he had come to
a decision in regard to the merits of a stallion, nothing
could change him, even though the racing world refused
to follow him or to buy his yearlings. He bred his own
race horses and with them achieved a considerable suc-
cess, although not as great as that which must be cred-
ited to other owners who were of his time.

Comparatively speaking, few great race horses came
out of Brookdale. The only chance the public had to
buy the produce of his establishment was at the weed-
ing out sales, when the surplus yearling stock, or selec-
tions from the racing stable, were sold under the ham-
mer. Some of those whom the master of Brookdale
thus disposed of were fairly successful, quite as much
so, indeed, as any that Mr. Withers ran in his own colors.
For example, it is part of the turf history of the time
that, in 1890, Mr. Withers sold all the yearlings by Ven-
tilator, against whom he had conceived an ineradicable
prejudice. Three of these yearlings, Airplant, Airshaft
and Airtight, were purchased by Mr. M. F. Dwyer, and
the first named, especially, turned out to be a very good
colt, winning for his owner $17,615.

Among the stallions who stood at Brookdale were
King Ernest, Stonehenge, Macaroon, Sensation, Venti-
lator, imported Mortemer, Intruder, Eothen, Stalwart and

170

THE AMERICAN TURF

Thunderstorm. Mr. Withers never purchased many
brood mai'es, but his I'acing fillies as tiiey retired began
to accumulate and were served by his stallions. Im-
ported Mortemer he bought when the horse was twenty-
one years old, taking him from the breaking-up sale of
the Rancocas Stud. Ventilator, whom he despised,
denying his claim as a thoroughbred, brought him some
of his best youngsters. Out of several of his brood
mares that were sent to Tom Ochiltree in the hopes, as
he said, " of getting fillies with Lexington top cross for
breeding purposes," he secured such good colts as Major
Domo, Cynosure, Tomboy, Orator and Sluggard, a fairly
successful result, but disappointing to the owner of
Brookdale because it was contrary to his theories and
e.Kpectations.

One of the best horses ever turned out from the estab-
lishment, and by many considered quite the best, was a
son of Sensation, by Imported Faverdale by The Palmer.
This horse was never named, but as a two-year old, in
1888, he was the best member of Mr. Withers' stable,
winning $21, ^40. In that same season ten of the twelve
two-year olds that Mr. Withers started, all of them hav-
ing been bred by him, were winners. That year of 1888
was the best Withers' year known up to that time.
For more than fifteen years previously he had steadfastly
fought fate and paid out a small fortune in forfeits, never
succeeding in attaining the success on the race course
most heartily wished for him by those who appreciated
his truly sportsmanlike character and the great services
that he rendered to the cause of the turf.

One of the first mares who was settled at Brookdale
was Miss Nellie, grandam of Stonenell. She was a
daughter of Eclipse; and was bred by Mr. Francis Morris
upon his Westchester farm. Although she had good
Orlando and Lexington blood, she failed of appreciation,
and was used as a hack, and also driven to harness
until relegated to the stud in 1884. There she justi-
fied her claim to good thoroughbred ancestry by foaling
Nell, who became the dam of Stonenell. Another early
Brookdale matron was Elsie, a daughter of Leamington,
and out of Babta, who was also Glenelg's dam. Mr.
Withers purchased Elsie from Mr. R. W. Cameron. She
was named after Miss Elsie Barlow, and was fairly suc-
cessful on the turf, but a failure as a brood mare. Mimi,
by Eclipse, was perhaps the most famous mare ever as-
sociated with Brookdale. She was bred in 1869 by Mr.
Francis Morris, and when she was three years old she
carried the all black of Mr. Withers to distinction in
some important races. In the stud she threw Kinglike,
Mikado, Stately and "Viceroy to King Ernest, and also
was the dam of Copyright, by Uncas.

Upon the death of Mr. Withers, the title, " Master of
Brookdale," fell upon one in every way qualified and
worthy to bear it. The stud, stable and farm were pur-

chased by the late Colonel William P. Thompson, of
whom it has been well said that no more thorough gen-
tleman or more gallant sportsman ever graced the turf,
either in this country or in Europe. Brookdale naturally
lost none of its fame in the hands of its new owner.
The enthusiasm and wise liberality for which Colonel
Thompson was noted throughout his life were strikingly
displayed in this venture. Unhappily, he was not spared
to enjoy the fruits of his labors. His death, in February,
i8q6, left a void in social and business circles as well as
in the world of sport that even the lapse of years cannot
fill. Yet all lovers of true, honest sport and all who are
interested in the progress of horse breeding rejoiced that
the late Colonel Thompson's sons, the Messrs. Lewis S.
Thompson and William P. Thompson, Jr., who were
associated with him in the conduct of the Brookdale en-
terprise prior to his demise, have continued it upon pre-
cisely the same lines, in the same spirit, and with a
degree of success that augurs well for the future of
Brookdale.

Colonel Thompson was a native of Virginia. A South-
erner to the core, his sympathies arrayed him on the
Confederate side in the Civil War. On the termination
of the war he was one of the first Southern men to
establish himself in the metropolis, and in a few years
was not only the master of a considerable fortune, but
was a factor of no small importance in the world of
finance and commerce. With the inbred aptitude of a
Virginian for legitimate sport, he combined a profound
knowledge of horseflesh, and was a patron of the turf
for many years before he assumed the role of an active
aspirant for its honors. He was connected by business
and social ties with the leading men of the American
turf, and his advice was sought and respected by the best
element in racing circles. When, therefore, in the winter
of i8q3, it was announced that the famous Brookdale
property, with its stud, and indeed the entire plant, just
as it had existed in Mr. Withers' time, had passed from
the executors of the latter to Colonel Thompson, there
was a general feeling of gratification in the American
racing world.

Under its new proprietor the famous old farm became
more than ever an object of interest to the racing com-
munity. Probably no man engaged in racing and breed-
ing ever enjoyed those pursuits more than Colonel
Thompson. Yet, while finding in the Brookdale estab-
lishment a needed relief from the engrossing cares of his
vast business enterprises, he was not unmindful of the
large pecuniary stake that the farm represented. With
characteristic energy and judgment, he proceeded at once
to improve and enlarge the stud, and the perfection
which the present buildings represent is largely due to
the liberal, yet wise, expenditures which were under-
taken at his instance.

171

THE AMERICAN TURE

At the same time he fully appreciated the fact that pro-
gress in a breeding establishment must be continuous,
in 1893, he visited England and made liberal offers for
Lord Roseberry's Ladas and the Duke of Westminster's
Orme. Although unable to secure the great horses
that he wished, Brookdale was, however, not left with-
out a signal benefit from its owner's investigation of the
thoroughbred stock of the mother country. One of his
judicious acquisitions was the mare, The Apple. She
was at the time of her purchase and transfer to Brook-
dale a horse that had enjoyed a phenomenal record on
the running turf, and had her foal. One I Love, by her
side. The most famous product of the Brookdale stud
under Colonel Thompson's administration was Re-
quital, one of the best horses of recent years. He
was foaled at Brookdale in the autumn of 1893, and was
purchased as a yearling by Messrs. Gideon & Daly for
$2,800. The great youngster began his career by win-
ning the Futurity with a rush, and it was characteristic
of Colonel Thompson that he promptly paid Mr. Gideon
$26,000 to regain possession of the colt.

The Brookdale property comprises about 900 acres of
land, pasture, woodland and arable soil, agreeably diver-
sified by running streams. Upon it there are some sixty
modern buildings, with every convenience for the breed-
ing and training of the thoroughbred. Two large, com-
plete high class dwellings loom up as one approaches the
farm from Red Bank. In one of them lives Mr. Rowe,
the trainer, and the other is the family homestead of the
Messrs. Thompson. The hundred or more employees of
the farm are all comfortably housed within its precincts,
and among the other features of the management is the
permanent employment of a physician to look after the
health of their help. Another matter which may well be
a subject of approving mention is the office. It is a
counting-room such as would be found in a large com-
mercial or banking establishment, and here the whole
administration and business of the great stud is trans-
acted with the same regularity that would be seen in a
purely commercial concern.

Referring to the technical side of the Brookdale plant,
it may be said that it includes two tracks, one of a mile
and the other a half-mile distance. An eighth of a mile
track has also been built under cover so that young
horses can be successfully prepared for early spring
engagements. There is stabling for 130 horses and
numerous paddocks, the abundance of running brooks
supplying pure water for the stock, while the strips of
woodland that are found throughout the estate offer a
shelter, and at the same time give a truly picturesque
appearance to the landscape. High grade cattle and
swine are also among the specialties of Brookdale, and a
large proportion of the feed required by the establish-
ment is raised on the estate, the farming operations

requiring the service of a score or so of work horses.
To-day Brookdale is one of the representative breeding
establishments of the country, and its owners are ener-
getically carrying out the policy that their respected
father inaugurated. They possess ambition, wealth and
enterprise. The magnificent plant at their command
should make it possible that their colors will be among
the most prominent on the courses of America, while
from the Brookdale stud, particularly with the additions
they contemplate making to the stallions and mares com-
posing it, we may expect from year to year many nota-
ble youngsters who will keep up- the well-earned fame
that the farm enjoys in the equine world. Nor is the
least of the grounds for confidence in the future of Brook-
dale supplied by the fact that there are few places of the
kind in the world better organized and officered. The
mere mention that Mr. James G. Rowe, a leader among
modern trainers, is head of the staff, is sufficient of itself
to carry conviction on this point.

A long and interesting article could be written with
reference to the Brookdale horses, past and present. It
is a roll of honor that includes animals that have, season
by season, taken a commanding position in the esteem
of the racing public and of sires whose get rank high in
the aristocracy of horses. Of stallions there are Faver-
dale, the son of Sensation and grandson of the famous
Lexington, Kinglike, by imported King Ernest, both of
which horses were bred by Mr. Withers himself at Brook-
dale. Their comrades include imported Macaroon,
Stonehenge, by Blair Athol, and Uncas, one of the last
and best sons of that staunch sire, Lexington.

The get of these Brookdale stallions have included
many noted brood mares, who, since the foundation of
the enterprise by Mr. Withers and under the proprietor-
ship of its present owners, have given to the American
turf some of its most celebrated horses. King Ernest
got Adage out of Maxim; Auricoma out of Belinda;
Bassinette out of Miss Bassett; Bibelot out of Knick-
nack; Eccola out of Echo; Nell out of Miss Nellie;
Stately out of Mimi; Triolet out of Trill, and Inverwick
out of Invermoi'e. Macaroon got Cadence out of Casta-
gnette; Knicknack out of Bijou. Uncas got Cascade out
of Cadence; Doreen out of Michaelmas; Nutbrown out
of Mimi ; Trill out of Cadence, and Uproar out of Cyclone.
Imported Faverdale got Castania out of Castagnette.
Stonehenge got Necromancy out of Nancy; Stonecrop
out of Mary Buckley, and Golden Rod out of Auricoma.
Other distinguished matrons of this establishment are
Castalia, by imported Mortemer out of Castagnette;
Emilia by Muncaster out of E. M. ; Favonia by Favonius
out of "Wall Flower; Essayez II. by Cremorne out of Pill
Box; Miss Maud by Duke of Montrose out of Miss
Mattie; Sandola by Iroquois out of Gondola, and Wyan-
dotte by imported Leamington out of Nemesis.

172

THE AMERICAN TURF

DAVID D. WITHERS

17a

THE AMERICAN TURF

WILLIAM P. THOMPSON

172

THE AMERICAN TURF

Never second to Brookdale in high repute and even
superior at the height of its career in the success of its
breeding operations, was the Rancocas Stud that Mr.
Pierre Lorillard established at Jobstown, N. J. Over
fifteen hundred acres were included in the farm, mostly
meadow land, with a good three-quarter mile track. At
the height of its career in the early eighties the Rancocas
held more than eighty brood mares, and a half score
stallions, while a full half hundred horses were generally
in training, besides many weanlings, half-breds and
horses for general use. The training stable had no
superior in the country, being circular in shape, and hav-
ing a walking ring sheltered for winter work. To
name all the great horses that came out of Rancocas
would be an agreeable task, even though it would be of
interminable length and would be practically a well-nigh
complete history of racing in the palmy days of the
Northern turf after the war. There some of the most
celebrated race horses of this generation were bred and
trained. There Saxon and Attila were prepared for their
turf careers, and, more notable than they, both Parole
and Iroquois were put through the course of training
that fitted them for the brilliant victories that they
achieved upon the English turf. Gonfalon was a con-
spicuous figure here in the early eighties, and with him
were such great ones as Venetia, Duke of Magenta and
Endymion. Pizarro was also one of the noted horses of
the establishment, a perfect model of what a blood horse
should be, and Nimrod, Spartacus, Amazon, Breeze, In-
constant, Disdain, Battledore and others also brought
glory to the Lorillard colors. Imported Mortemer, one
of the best horses that ever came from England in this
generation, stood here for many years.

Finally Mr. Lorillard broke up his stud, having a sale
that was one of the great events of the day in turf circles,
and that distributed many notable horses to other studs
and stables. His passion for racing, however, still re-
mained with him, and after a few years he began to
build up Rancocas again, which presently assumed some-
thing of the importance that attached to it in its earlier
years. One of his most important acquirements in this
period of his racing history was Simon Magus, the only
son of the great English sire, St. Simon, that had ever
been brought across the Atlantic. The dam of Simon
Magus was the famous race mare, Wheel of Fortune,
who had the exceptional record which has fallen to the
lot of but very few racers of never having been defeated
until the day she broke down in a race. Other Rancocas
stallions of fame have been imported Sailor Prince, the
winner of the Cambridgeshire of 1886, and Emperor, the
sire of Vestibule, Gramercy, and other good ones.
Among the mares who became inmates of the new Ran-
cocas have been Bella, dam of Belisarius, Beauty and
Belle D. ; Magnetic, and Tarbouche, a half-sister to La

Tosca. Mr. Lorillard also owned La Tosca, for whom
he paid $is,ooo, and many other distinguished thorough-
breds of these later days have been identified with
Rancocas.

The younger Mr. Pierre Lorillard followed in the foot-
steps of his father in taking an interest in racing. At
one time he had a lease of the old Hunter estate in West-
chester County, where he maintained a select breeding
stud. The neighborhood in which he began business
was historic in thoroughbred annals. Not far away
Medoc, Maid of the Oaks and Cora were foaled in the
earlier days of the century. Nearer our own time,
Alarm, Ruthless, Rhadamanthus, Relentless, Merciless,
Monday and others of not less brilliant renown were
foaled under the direction of Mr. Hunter. Imported
Eclipse stood there during the greater part of his hfetime.
Censor, Balrownie and Kentucky were also identified
with the same place, but the greatest thoroughbred glory
of the locality was derived from Leamington, when he
stood there and got Aristides, Olitipa, Rhadamanthus,
Bob WooUey, Hyder Ali and James A. Young Mr. Loril-
lard began business with a very good young stallion and
several fine bred mares. His stallion was Siddartha, by
Pero Gomez out of The Pearl by Newminster; grandam.
Caller On by Stockwell.

In its day the Algeria Stud of the Honorable William
L. Scott, located at Erie, Pa., was one of the leading
establishments in the United States. Mr. Scott's con-
nection with the turf was for a comparatively short time,
somewhat less than ten years. His breeding establish-
ment, however, assumed a position in the first rank
almost from its inception. If its owner had done noth-
ing else, one act alone would have made him famous the
world over, and that was his purchase, at the breaking-
up sale of the Dangu Stud, in France, in 1882, of the
great French race horse, Rayon d'Or, winner of the
Doncaster St. Leger. Rayon d'Or cost his new owner
$30,000, the highest price that had ever been paid for an
imported stallion up to that time. This purchase, which
was actually Mr. Scott's first venture into the field of
turf activity, placed him with a bound in the front rank
of his compeers. The success of his establishment was
assured beyond possibility of doubt, and it grew in fame
and just repute year after year until the death of its
owner brought about its dispersal, in 1892.

The wisdom of the purchase of Rayon d'Or was fully
demonstrated by the fact that at the breaking-up sale of
Algeria, after he had performed invaluable service in the
stud for nearly ten years, an advance of $2,000 more
than his cost in 1882 was paid for him. Rayon d'Or
was the king of the Algeria Stud, and never abdicated
his position during the life of Mr. Scott. No imported
stallion ever had more success, and his offspring have
been among the greatest racers of this generation. The

173

THE AMERICAN TURF

figures show that during the four seasons immediately
preceding the dispersal of the Algeria Stud his get earned
the grand total of $408,798. In one year alone —1889 —
they placed to the credit of their sire $174,620. When
it is recalled that Tenny, Chaos, Tea Tray and Ban-
quet, not to forget other almost equally good ones,
were gifts of Rayon d'Or to the American turf, the value
of his services as a sire may be fully appreciated. Other
stallions that Mr. Scott owned were Kantaka, Algerine
and Wanderer. Kantaka was half-brother to the great
English sire, Hermit; Algerine was by Abd-el-Kader, out
of Nina by Boston, and Wanderer, who was also a good
race horse, was of fine native blood. In the last year
of his life Mr. Scott added to his stud the French stallion,
Aerolithe.

In the Algeria Stud were some twenty or more im-
ported mares, and generally about fifty native mares.
Many of the matrons had not only shown their good
qualities on the race course, but also became eminent
producers. All-Hands-Around, who had been noted in
her turf career through Bolero and Lillie R., added to
her fame as a race mare by becoming the dam of Chaos,
winner of the Futurity. From Belle of Maywood Mr.
Scott bred Tenny; from Ella T. came Tea Tray and
Banquet, while Torso and Aurelia, two tlrst-class horses
who increased the reputation of Algeria, were out of
imported Santa Lucia, a daughter of Lord Lyon.

Mr. Aristides Welch's Erdenheim Stud, near Philadel-
phia, needed no greater distinction than that which
accrued to it from imported Leamington and Iroquois to
fix it forever in the grateful remembrance of all American
turfmen. Erdenheim, beautifully located at the foot of
Chestnut Hill, gave to the turf other distinguished racers
besides Parole. Through imported Leamington an influ-
ence went out from it that has been of incalculable value
to the American blood horse. The new strain thus intro-
duced has been productive of results, especially in con-
nection with the Lexington family, the importance of
which it is impossible to exaggerate. Erdenheim has
had a place in history quite apart from its connection
with the breeding interests of the turf. It was one of
the old colonial establishments of Pennsylvania, and in
its solid gray stone mansion George Washington and
other dignitaries at all periods in our country's history,
from the earliest down to the present, were entertained.
With Leamington, Maggie B. B. shared honors, and both
of these great horses, with Flora Temple, of trotting
renown, rest side by side in graves upon the old farm
which they did so much during their lifetime to make
renowned. Massive granite slabs, simply inscribed with
their names, mark their last resting-places.

The Ferncliffe Stud of Mr. William Astor at Rhinebeck
held an important place among the breeding establish-
ments of the North along in the eighties. Its dispersal

about the same time that the Nursery Stud and several
other establishments were sold was a notable event of
that period. Imported Galore, a son of the English sire,
Galopin, was for a long time at the head of the Fern-
cliffe Stud. Afterward, when Mr. Astor began again to
get together another stock, he placed imported Cavalier,
a son of the great Prince Charlie, in his establishment as
the first step toward reviving something of its former
prestige. Had it not been for his untimely death in
1892, it is likely that the Ferncliffe would once again
have taken an important part in the breeding affairs of
New York.

When the late Mr. M. H. Sanford, who was the sec-
ond American to try his fortunes on the English turf,
made up his mind to go extensively into breeding, as
well as racing, he sought for a location for the establish-
ment that he proposed in New Jersey. No place could
surpass in natural attractiveness the little village of Preak-
ness, in the outskirts of the city of Paterson, where he
finally settled. The place is an old Quaker settlement
under the shadow of the Preakness Mountains, and the
local name, which Mr. Sanford also adopted for his farm,
was not long thereafter in obtaining a world-wide 'repu-
tation. His great stallion, who also bore the same name,
carried the fame of the locality throughout the United
States and even to England. Originally established in a
moderate way as a training ground, the Preakness Farm
ultimately became famous. Mr. Sanford's venture, it
must be confessed, appeared at that time to be some-
what hazardous. Racing had, as yet, scarcely started
upon its new career, but Preakness became one of the
most important influences that contributed to the revival
which has now become historic.

The track at Preakness quickly became a noted train-
ing ground. Loadstone, Lancaster, Niagara, La Polka,
Madam Dudley, Preakness, Mate and Stamps, than whom
no greater race horses ever gave glory to the turf, were
put through their paces here and prepared for their con-
quering careers. The retired location of the track was
altogether favorable to Mr. Sanford's plans, and many
surprises were brought out from there to dumfound the
talent on race days. When Mr. Sanford abandoned rac-
ing in 1881, he sold the Preakness Farm to Mr. James
Galway, under whose management it has constantly
maintained the highest reputation that it ever attained in
its best days.

Another breeding establishment in the vicinity of New
York out of which went a wide and powerful influence
was that of Mr. R. W. Cameron, at Clifton, Staten
Island. It was called the Clifton Stud, and was main-
tained by its owner upon a generous scale and with
intelligent enterprise. Naturally, on account of his Eng-
lish origin, Mr. Cameron had more than an ordinary
interest and knowledge of the thoroughbred. His early

174

THE AMERICAN TURF

iissuciations gave him a predisposition toward tiie tiior-
oiiLciibred of iiis native land, and lie became especially
well known as an importer of some of tlie best horses
that have come into this country within the recollection
^of the present generation. He even went to the expense
of bringing over English upland hay for his stock, lirm
in his belief in the saving qualities of that food. Among
his most noted importations were Warminster, son of
Newminster and Black Bess by Ratcatcher; imported
Hampton Court, who was of the great Melbourne and
Bay Middleton blood ; and imported Glenevis by Oulston
(son of Melbourne and Alice Hawthorne) out of Volucris
by Voltigeur. Two other of his importations were even
more famous, and by their achievements, especially in
the stud, have lifted th(i name of their owner to the
highest position for valuable service to the American
blood horse family. The first of these was Leamington,
concerning whom it is here unnecessary to do more
than to make the mere mention of his name. The other
was Glenelg, who was imported, with his dam, Babta,
and who was one of the most useful stallions in his day.

Early in the seventies, Californians were indulging in
a great deal of pride over their thoroughbreds, and were
beginning to predict that their horses would be able in a
few years to successfully compete with the East in point
of speed and staying qualities. The opinion was held
by many that the climate there was superior to any of
the Eastern States for the production of the highest
type of race horse. The comparison of that period with
the present shows the wonderful development that has
been made in turf affairs in that section during the last
twenty years or more. Then the majority of thorough-
breds on the Pacific Coast were located in California,
though other States thereabouts occasionally maintained
a good one. California, however, despite its pre-emi-
nence, had less than twenty-five thoroughbred stallions
in 1876, principally imported from the East. Among
those were Joe Daniels, Monday, Bayswater, imported
Hercules, Lodi, Leinster, Woodburn, Langford, Norfolk,
Newry, Three Cheers, Pittsburgh, Earnest, Rifleman,
Springbok, Hock Hocking and Rutherford. Really good
brood mares were scarce in the State, and breeding had,
as yet, scarcely entered upon an experimental period.

One of the most important breeding establishments in
the early days of the California turf was that of Mr.
William L. Pritchard, who was located in San Francisco,
where he had stables, with pasturage in the outskirts of
the city, and an extensive ranch on the Sacramento River.
Mr. Pritchard's stallions included Leinster by imported
Australian out of Luilume by Lexington; Pittsburgh by
Pat Malloy out of Evangeline by imported Eclipse;
Waterford by Langford out of Margretta by Lexington,
and Earnest by Derby (by imported Eclipse) out of
Eglantine, by Lambda (by imported Priam). His brood

mares included representatives of the stock o( Grey
Eagle, imported Glencoe, Bonnie Scotland, imported
Balrownie and Lexington.

In recent years particularly, California has commanded
the attention of horsemen, not only in the United States
but all over the world. It is no longer a theory, but an
attested fact, that the Golden State possesses specific
qualities for the perfect production of the thoroughbred.
Animals bred and trained there not only possess the
fundamental requisites of speed and endurance, but may
be fairly said to represent a new type and a further
advance in the evolution of the race horse. It is, per-
haps, a little too soon to decide what may be the ulti-
mate outcome of this interesting experiment of raising
thoroughbreds so far away from what is considered to
be their natural home in Kentucky. Nevertheless, suf-
ficient has already resulted to show beyond all question
that the California breeding establishments are certain
to exercise a considerable and lasting effect upon the
future of the American turf.

Out on the Pacific Coast they have a habit of doing
things in a big way. Breeding has been carried on upon
a large scale and almost unmindful of expense. Several
stud farms that have been established in the clos-
ing part of the nineteenth century have surpassed in size, _
and even rivaled in the fame of their produce, the best of
their kind elsewhere in the United States. Some good
horses have come from there, and the importations from
Australia, introduced into this country through the
Golden Gate, have already made a large impression
upon the American thoroughbred family. The pioneers
in breeding in California in this quarter of a century
were Theodore Winters, John Hall and George Treat.
Since then we have had Messrs. James B. Haggin and E.
J. Baldwin, Senator George B. Hearst, Senator Leland
Stanford and others.

Among Californians who have been interested in
horses in the present generation, certainly no one has
done more to fix contemporaneous racing and breeding
interests upon an assured and stable foundation than Mr.
James B. Haggin, and no one has been more prominent
or more influential in establishing the worth of California
thoroughbreds and the value of California breeding
in the minds of lovers of horses throughout the
United States. One might go further than that without
exceeding the bounds of propriety, and say that Mr.
Haggin is to-day one of the few Americans whose
reputation extends beyond the confines of racing circles
in America. A representative in the truest sense of the
best element in turf circles, his connection with racing
and breeding has been in every way as important as
that of any gentleman of the present generation. As an
owner he engaged actively and energetically in racing,
and his participation in such affairs was a distinct benefit

175

THE AMERICAN TURF

to the sport. Few owners in the history of the Ameri-
can turf have ever devoted themselves more unreserv-
edly to this sport, or have supported their stables more
generously. His operations were conducted upon a
grand scale, and their brilliancy had a marked effect, not
only upon the racing community, but also upon
the outside public, for the performances of his horses
were of such a notable character that they became mat-
ters of a national, if not, indeed, of international interest.
Although Mr. Haggin has now withdrawn from the
cares as well as the delights of ownership in a
racing sense, the work in which he is now engaged,
that of breeding the best blood that the equine world
can afford, under ideal circumstances, so far as material
surroundings are concerned, promises to have results of
the most far-reaching character.

Descended from a Kentucky family, and a native of
Mercer County in the Blue Grass State, Mr. Haggin is
naturally a lover of horses. Of his business career,
notable and interesting as it is, little need be said here.
It can only be pointed out that he is one of the men of
whom California and the West are proud, that his enter-
prise and force of character have been potent instru-
ments in developing the mineral resources of our coun-
try's western domain, and that the same liberality, practical
spirit and enterprise that are his distinguishing traits in
connection with the turf have been equally marked in his
private and business life. His success has been a tri-
umph of character and ability, and it might be further-
more said that the steady support and following his
stable received from the California contingent at our
tracks was as much a personal tribute as it was a pro-
fessional estimate of his judgment where horseflesh is
concerned.

Mr. Haggin found little to interest him in the trotter,
which was the dominant racing animal in California
when he took up his residence in that State. The
natural sporting passion of his native State possessed
him, and he organized a first-class racing stable that he
sent to all the principal meetings from San Francisco to
New York. His racing exploits now form a bright,
even though too brief, page in the history of the turf.
When the names of such horses as Salvator, Firenze,
Ben Ali, Fitzjames, Fresno, Tyrant, Ban Fox, King Fox,
Hidaigo and others in his stable are named, they recall
stirring memories of a series of famous seasons from
1885 to 1890, when his colors were foremost in the great
events on our tracks. It was a series of sensational vic-
tories and famous matches, and even where defeat over-
came his four-footed champions, defeat was always
coupled with honor. The name of the owner became
known in every part of the country.

When, in 1890, Mr. Haggin turned mainly from racing
to breeding, the possibilities involved in his new depar-

ture commanded the attention of horsemen everywhere,
not only for the large scale on which his breeding oper-
ations are conducted, but for the spirit which animates
him in this connection and the remarkable character of
the animals he has gathered together. Mr. Haggin's
estate, Rancho del Paso, in Sacramento County, Califor-
nia, comprises over 44,000 acres, and everything that
judicious expenditure could do has been lavished on it
until it is probably not only one of the greatest, but one
the best equipped establishment for the breeding of
thoroughbred horses in the world. Here, under the
efficient charge of Mr. John Mackey, there has been
gathered an aggregation of famous horseflesh such as
was never before assembled in the stud.

The foundation of this stud was the importation, at a
great expense, of two stallions from Australia, Darebin
and Sir Modred. Subsequently, Mr. Haggin imported
Star Ruby from the Hampton Stud in England, and also
Candlemas. His great American star stallion has been
Salvator, the phenomenon of the American turf of this
generation, and with him has stood Fitzjames, Fresno,
Torso, Tyrant, and other good Americans. Later, Mr.
Haggin added to his Australian blood horses, the New
Zealander, Maxim, son of the English thoroughbred
Musket, who was allowed to depart from his native
home to the Antipodes before his great worth was fully
recognized. In New Zealand he became the sire of
Carbine, Martini-Henry, Nordenfeldt, and many other
good ones.

Other stallions of Rancho del Paso have been Morello,
Cliveden, Prestonpans, Calvados, Owas, Midlothian,
Order, Ben Ali, Kismet, Uncle Jip, July (Brother to Sir
Modr-ed), Gold Finch, Golden Garter, Golden Dawn,
Bassetlaw, Candlemas, Chevalier, Water Cress and
Tenny. Salvator, whom Mr. Haggin has declared to be
the greatest horse that he ever owned, has produced
several good sons and daughters, among them Salvation,
Sallie Woodford, Etta McKeever, The Preserver, Salvor,
Silvester, Sallie Cliquot, Salvable, Silver II., St. Aignan,
and several others. Tyrant has been one of the Rancho
del Paso's most reliable stallions. He was a superbly
bred horse, by imported Great Tom out of a grand-
daughter of Lexington. He was the best three-year old
of his year, winning the Withers, the Belmont and the
Stockton stakes and other races. In his pedigree are
found such great names as Pocahontas, Martha Lynn,
Alice Carneal, Cressida and Gamma. Tyrant has already
sired many excellent performers.

A great Australian stallion came to the United States
when Mr. Haggin imported Sir Modred, full-brother to
imported Cheviot. His sire, Traducer, who was bred
in England, was one of the best stallions that ever stood
in New Zealand. From 1867 to 1881, Traducer got nine
winners of the Canterbury Derby, the most important

176

THE AMERICAN TURF

event in that country, includinif Cheviot and Sir Modred.
In three of these years his get ran first, second and
third, and, in two others, first and second, idalia, dam
of Sir Modred, was the Pocahontas of New Zealand —
the queen of its stud. As a race horse Sir Modred was
a great campaigner, and his produce have followed
closely in his footsteps; their distinguishing feature is the
uniformity with which they race and campaign. His pro-
duce in six years won 823 races, valued at $728,063.

Among the brood mares that have made their home at
Rancho del Paso, Firenze, who was the greatest cup
winner of her time, and easily ranked with the best of
race horses whom she met, was easily first as a popular
favorite, although several of her companions have been
more distinguished as brood mares. Few of the matrons
of this stud farm have not been celebrated more or less
for their exploits on the turf, and have also been success-
ful producers. They have been of the bluest blooded
equine families known to this country. There is Maud
Hampton, dam of the two great race horses. Ban Fox
and King Fox. She came from the Dixiana Stud, where
$10,000 was paid for her. In 1887, she produced King
Thomas, that celebrated $40,000 yearling. In the two
succeeding years, respectively, she threw Silver King and
Silver Fox, both by St. Blaise, and since then she has
been bred to imported Sir Modred. Other matrons of
the Rancho del Paso have been Carina, dam of St. Carlo;
Flavina, dam of Flavia and Flattery and Mentmore Lass,
all of whom came from the Nursery Stud. The famous
race mare Aranza, by imported Bonnie Scotland out of
Arizona by Lexington; Glidelia, also by imported Bonnie
Scotland out of Waltz by Lexington; Peoria by imported
Mortemer, and Prude by King Alfonso out of Marguerite
by Lexington, were added to the Rancho del Paso stock
from Mr. William Astor's Ferncliffe Stud in 1890. With
them have been Plaything, dam of Tournament, who
raced so brilliantly as a three-year old for the stable of
Senator George Hearst; imported Agenoria, dam of
Pontiac; Loulanier, dam of Kildeer, Katrine and Kaleide-
scope; Letolay, dam of Cayuga, Unrest and Utopian;
that famous race mare. Miss Woodford, and many others.
In 1 89 1, there were in the thoroughbred department of
Rancho del Paso twelve stallions and nearly three hun-
dred mares, many of the latter valued at from $6,000 to
$18,000 each. In 1897, the establishment had grown so
that it then contained twelve imported and seven Amer-
ican stallions and a proportionately larger number of
mares, and that year produced 130 yearlings.

Senator Leland Sanford, although he was only a few
years connected with the turf, held a prominent position
among modern sportsmen. His Palo Alto establishment
was one of the half a dozen great breeding places of the
United States that stood in a class by themselves, far
ahead of all others. The ranch, which comprised over

1,400 acres, was devoted to the trotter, as well as to the
running horse. At the head of the thoroughbred de-
partment stood the celebrated stallion Monday. This
grandson of Lexington was bred by Captain Moore,
in 1864, and died at the Palo Alto in 1884. His sire was
Colton, a son of Lexington out of Topaz by Glencoe.
Colton was a successful racer, winning at two-mile heats
from such horses as Joe Stoner, Rebel and Sherwood.

It must not be overlooked that California became the
home of the celebrated Ormonde, "the great horse of
the century." That famous English thoroughbred had a
varied, as well as a brilliant, career. His wonderful per-
formances in England, especially his capture of the Derby,
attracted the attention of turfmen in all parts of the
world. We have already referred to his emigration to
Argentine, where he failed of appreciation, and whither
Mr. Charles Reed journeyed in the vain effort to purchase
him. Subsequently he was sold back, to the land of his
nativity, but did not remain there long. American turf-
men still had their eye upon him, and in 1893, Mr. W.
O'B. Macdonough purchased him. He was brought to
the United States in 1893, and for a few days after his
arrival here was kept in New Jersey. Afterward trans-
ferred to California, he became an inmate of the stud at
the Menlow Park Stock Farm of Mr. Macdonough. His
potency as a stallion did not come up to expectations.

Among other California turfmen who have been par-
ticularly active in recent times has been Mr. Adolph B.
Spreckles, who was at one time president of the Pacific
Coast Jockey Club. Mr. Spreckles late in the nineties
organized a breeding stud, situated near Napa, in the
centre of the beautiful Napa Valley. There upon a farm
of some 350 acres, he located a very important stud.
His premier stallion was imported Idalium, and associated
with him were General Miles, Puryear D. and imported
Creighton. Imported Idalium, who was one of those
Australian horses such as Californians have so much
favored in recent years, was a full brother to Sir Modred
and Cheviot.

The Santa Anita breeding ranch of Mr. E. J. Baldwin
is also one of the well known breeding establishments In
California. Located at Los Angeles, the Santa Anita has
had the reputation of being one of the finest and best
equipped stud farms in the country. Like a few other
notable turfmen of this period, Mr. Baldwin has always
adhered to the practice of breeding his own horses for
his racing stable. The representatives of Santa Anita
have been infrequently seen in auction sales, and even
at private sale their owner has rarely ever parted with
them. Among the best possessions of Mr. Baldwin in
years gone by have been Grinstead, Mollie McCarthy,
Clara D., Volante, Lucky B., Mollie McCarthy's Last,
Los Angeles, Emperor of Norfolk, Rey EI Santa Anita
and others.

177

THE AMERICAN TURF

178

THE AMERICAN TURF

Started in iSqo, the Bitter Root Stock Farm of Mr. Mar-
cus Daly, located at Hamilton, Ravalli County, Montana,
has becomefamous as one of the most extensive and most
successful enterprises of its kind in the United States.
Located at the foot of the Bitter Root range of moun-
tains, from which it derives its name, the farm is an
ideal thoroughbred nursery. The first suggestion of the
place came to its owner far back in the sixties, when he
was journeying in that unexplored region of the North-
west at the head of a relief party, it required many
years before — in business enterprises, to which he was
giving his undivided attention — he had amassed that
fortune which enabled him to carry out the idea that was
born in his youth. Having achieved unexampled suc-
cess, particularly in connection with copper mining
from whence came his name of "the copper king," Mr.
Daly has been able to accomplish his purposes in regard
to breeding the thoroughbred upon an almost unlimited
scale of expense. In its extent and in the perfection of
its appointments the Bitter Root establishment has no
superior in this country, and perhaps not in the world.

Altogether the property covers 20,000 acres in one

from his connection with the running turf, has also
given attention to the trotting horse and his collection of
trotters, both for breeding and racing, is only second to
his collection of thoroughbred stock.

Of most consequence to us, howevei, in this connec-
tion is the thoroughbred department of the establish-
ment. This comprises some 1,500 acres, sloping back
gradually to the foot of the Bitter Root mountain range.
The Hamilton Ranch, as it is called, famous as the home
of Tammany, Montana, Senator Grady and other blood
horses who have contributed to make the turf history of
this generation notable, has been laid out upon an
elaborate scale. It contains a large house for the accom-
modation of the men employed there, four barns or
stables for work horses, a grainery and several resi-
dences. Upon this ranch is raised the bulk of the hay
that is required for the stock on the farm, something
over 2,000 tons being the annual figure. Here also is the
tamous covered half-mile race course, while adjoining
it is an open mile track.

Upon the running ranch are the thoroughbred stables
and the residence of Sam Lucas, who has special charge

piece and represents a total investment of $2,000,000, of of the breeding and raising of the thoroughbreds. The

which $150,000 has been spent in laying out irrigating
ditches, and a six-mile system of ten-inch water mains.
The farm consists of a series of ranches extending along
the east side of a beautiful valley and opposite the town
of Hamilton. No more magnificent or highly-cultivated
collection of ranches can be found anywhere in the West.
Fine residences, large stables and barns, extensive grass
lands and a thorough system of irrigation combine to
make this one of the world's great ranches. It is the
seat of operations of a sound and well conducted
enterprise that has grown steadily in importance and
public favor, and has so broadened in its scope that it
would be extremely hazardous for any one to venture to
put a limit to its possibilities in the future.

Mr. Daly makes his home upon this beautiful estate,
and, upon that portion of it known as the Home Ranch,
has erected a country mansion that has been described as
"undoubtedly the largest and finest in the State." Here
he spends a great deal 01 time when he can get away
from his large business interests in the great Anaconda
mining properties. The gardens in connection with the
home farm are on an extensive scale. They contain hot-
beds and greenhouses, and, under the management of
H. A. Carmichael, results have been accomplished that
may seem almost incredible to those who are not familiar
with the phenomenal productivity of the West. In con-
nection with the Home Ranch is the breeding stable for
trotters, which contains stalls for three hundred horses
and a three-quarter mile track for training. David Peel
has charge of the breeding and D. B. Kinney of the
training of the trotters. Mr. Daly, although best known

year's crop of youngsters is regularly fifty or more in
number. Adjoining the running ranch is the veterinary
hospital, in charge of Dr. E. W. Hagyard, whose resi-
dence is nearby. In the same neighborhood are the
ranches devoted to raising grain. The crop of oats
annually exceeds 60,000 bushels and this product is made
a specialty of the establishment, the quality of the oats
being so high that Mr. Daly will use none other. Even
when his horses are in the East, during the racing sea-
son, he takes great quantities of this feed wherever his
stable is sent. A magnificent avenue, eighty feet wide
and six miles long, running due north and south, con-
nects these ranches. The road is well built, with run-
ning water on each side, and is lined by two rows ot
trees so as to make a beautiful shady drive.

The connection of Mr. Daly with the running turf is
comparatively recent, extending back over less than a
decade. It is not too much to say, however, that, by
his liberality and enterprise and his clear foresight, no
other single individual has contributed more to the
contemporaneous development of the American turf
Planned on a large scale and managed intelligently, the
Bitter Root Stock Farm has had a powerful influence
the value of which it would be well nigh impossible
to exaggerate. From the very first Mr. Daly, in addition
to the careful oversight which he has himself bestowed
upon this, his pet enterprise, has enlisted the services of
so ne of the best men in their calling in this country. J.
Moran, who was for years identified with the late D. D.
Withers, of the Brookdale Farm, has been one of his
assistants, while Matthew Byrnes, one of America's fore-

179

THE AMERICAN TURF

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180

THE AMERICAN TURF

most tniiners, has also been identilied with him. Sam
Lucas, who has charge of the breeding department, was
for a long time in the employ of the late August Bel-
mont.

When at the Haggin sale, in 1889, Mr. Ualy purchased
Silver Fox he practically started upon his career as a turf
man. He paid $22,000 for that colt, who was by im-
ported St. Blaise out of Maud Hampton by Hunter's
Lexington, and was a half-brother of King Fox, Ban Fox
atid King Thomas. At the same sale he paid $1,050 for
the Darebin-Angenoria colt. At the Rancho del Paso
sale in 1890 he purchased twelve head, for which he paid
$31,500, being the largest individual buyer on that oc-
casion. The highest price he paid for any of this lot
was $7,000 for the chestnut colt by St. Blaise out of Maud.
At the dispersal sale of the Nursery Stud in 1891 he was
a still larger purchaser, investing $44,000. His purchases
included the mares Affinity, Belinda, Clara, Mehallah,
Peeress and Wood Violet, who, with Amazon, formed
the nucleus of his stud-

Some of the most famous horses known to the Amer-
ican turf in the last decade have come from the Bitter
Root Stock Farm and frequently have carried the copper
jacket and green cap of Mr. Daly to success, although
his stable has not always been as triumphant as his enter-
prise and his service to the cause of racing have merited.
Eastern racegoers first became familiar with the colors
of "the copper king" when Montana made his appear-
ance on metropolitan tracks in the Carteret Handicap,
three-quarters of a mile, at Monmouth Park. Upon that
occasion he carried no lbs. and defeated Russell, Cor-
rection, Contribution, Bermuda and others, in i minute,
12^ seconds. In the famous record-breaking mile
against time by Salvator in i minute, 35)^ seconds, it
was Namonia out of La Favorita by imported Glenelg,
that made the pace, together with the three-year old
filly Rosette by Joe Hooker out of Rosa B. by Norfolk.
Namonia set the pace for the first half mile. Then Mon-
tana rendered further service to his owner by capturing
the Lorillard Stakes and the Suburban Handicap.

Ogden has been a distinguished colt and his success
in winning the Futurity of 1896 was especially gratifying
to his owner from the fact that he -was home bred, a
son of Kilwarlin and imported Oriole. He not only
brought glory to the Daly stable by winning the Futurity,
but gained additional distinction by lowering the Futur-
ity record a full second. Another good winner bred by
Mr. Daly has been Senator Bland, who, as a three-year
old, won the Farewell Handicap at San Francisco, i^
miles, defeating Yankee Doodle, Rey del Bandiodos and
eight others, and establishing the Pacific Coast record at
2 minutes, 7 seconds. Scottish Chieftain, foaled in 1894
by imported Inverness out of Miss Darebin, has been
another one of Mr. Daly's strong colts. He won brackets

the second time out at the Gravesend track. As a two-
year old he won the Spring Stakes over the Futurity
Course, carrying 113 lbs., covering the distance in i
minute, 13I seconds, and defeating Arbuckle and others.
Then he won the June Stakes, also over the Futurity
Course, carrying 121 lbs., and covering the distance in i
minute, I2|- seconds, defeating Rodemonde, Casseopia,
Arbuckle and Cauldron. His most notable victory, was
in the Belmont Stakes, 1^ miles, at Morris Park, when
he defeated On Deck, Octagon, Horoscope, Don de Oro
and Ogden, the time — 2 minutes, 23^ seconds — being
the best made over the course up to that time.

Perhaps the most popular horse that has carried the
Daly colors is Tammany, whose splendid victory in the
Realization of 1892, when he defeated the strongest field
of rivals, will not soon be forgotten. Tammany came
honestly by his marvelous qualities of speed and
endurance, for he is the son of Iroquois, the brilliant
American winner of the Derby, through whose sire
and dam, imported Leamington, and Maggie B. B., he
united strains of the most powerful blood ever known to
the American turf, the Leamington, Australian, Boston
and Glencoe. The dam of Tammany was TuUahoma,
who was a daughter of imported Great Tom and Blink
Bonny. Tammany, who is a handsome chestnut horse,
was foaled in 1889 and bred at Belle Meade, in Tennes-
see. His first appearance was as a two-year old, when
he ran in the Great Eclipse Stakes at Morris Park, beating
Sir Matthew and other good ones. He also won the
Criterion Stakes at Monmouth Park, but was beaten in
the Futurity, and ran third in the Select Stakes.

During the season he started in six races and his win-
nings amounted to $29,720. In his three-year old form
he started five times, winning the Withers, the Realiza-
tion, the Lorillard and the Jerome Stakes and running
second for the Tidal Stakes. His winnings that year
amounted to $72,410. His winning of the Realization
placed him in the first class, and his other victories that
year sufficed to more fully establish his reputation. In
1893, he was started only three times, but won upon
each occasion His great achievement that year was his
defeat of Lamplighter, at Guttenberg. His winnings in
i8 3 amounted to $13,500, and he was then retired with
a total of $1 1 5,690 to his credit In the stud he has been
very successful. Among his get have been Tammany
Hall II. out of Imported La Trappe; Senator Matts out
of imported Buttermere; Tempse out of imported
Tempe; Colonel Root out of imported Namesake;
Tamor out of imported Oriole; Ash Leaf out of imported
Ayrshire Rose; Ternary out of imported Ladyjudette;
Greenback II. out of Clara; Affiant out of Affinity;
Croker out of Belinda; Crutch out of Beaucatcher;
Grand Sachem out of Belinda; Lord Beresford out of
imported Erin-go-Bragh ; Amazonian out of Amazon;

THE AMERICAN TURF

\ 1

182

THE AMERICAN TURF

Ravalli out of imported La Trappe; Marozia out oi
Merry Peeress, and Barracan out of imported Barca-
mere.

A double glory came to the Daly Stable in 1892, for
not only did Tammany win the Realization, but Mon-
tana carried off that great prize, the Suburban. Montana
was foaled in 1S88 and bred by Mr. J. B. Haggin, at the
Rancho del Paso. He is a son of Ban Fox and imported
Queen. His sire, son of King Ban and grandson of King
Tom, belonged to one of the greatest modern thorough-
bred families. Through his great grandam, Atlantis, he
was descended from the Derby winner, Thormanby, and
from Alice Hawthorne and Melbourne. Through his
grandam, Maud Hampton, he traced on one side to Lex-
ington and imported Glencoe, and on the other to Irish
Birdcatcher and also through another line to Glencoe.
Qiieen, dam of Montana, was by Scottish Chief out
of Gertrude.

When Montana was brought out, in 1890, his first
start was in the Carteret Handicap. His two other
races of that year were the Futurity, in which he was a
good fourth, and the Great Eastern Handicap, in
which he was fifth. Wonderful things were expected
of him as a three-year old, but his career that season
was a disappointment. Although he went to the
post nine times, he won only one race, the Lorillard
Stakes. In the Withers, he finished second to Pick-
nicker; in the Belmont was beaten by Foxford; was un-
placed in the Thistle Stakes and the Omnibus; was sec-
ond to Potomac in the Realization; was last in the
Second Special and last, but one, in the Hickory Stakes.
Besides the Suburban in 1892, he won the Comparative
Stakes and the Labor Day Handicap.

Many other horses that have attained to distinction in
this generation have borne the Daly colors. Prominent
among them have been Senator Grady, Brown Fox, who
won the Carnival Stakes at St. Paul, Minn., in 1890,
Bathampton, Hamburg and Tammany Hall IL The
horse, last named, was a prominent candidate for the
Futurity of 1897, and was considered to be quite in that
class, taking a place in popular estimation that had once
been occupied by his distinguished sire. The Bitter Root
Stock Farm has also sent out many colts that have done
creditable work and that have reflected honor upon their
place of birth. There was another son of Tammany,
Grand Sachem out of Belinda, who was considered to be
a formidable candidate for the Futurity, and other good
product of the Farm have been Inverary II., Ben Nevis,
Amazonian, Bitter Root, Ternary, Afghan, Barracan,
Friar, Sam Lucas and Tullamore. Nor would the list
end here had we room to make it comprehensive.

In all turf affairs in the far West during the present
period Mr. Daly has been a conspicuous figure. The extent

to which racing has increased in that section of the

country in recent years is almost unparalleled and is
scarcely comprehensible to those who have not given
careful consideration to this particular feature in the
modern development of the American turf Numerous
race courses have been constructed, several of them of a
very superior character. They have been laid out upon
a large scale and have been munificently equipped by a
generous and intelligent expenditure of money, so that
in the excellence of their appointments they compare
favorably with those in any other part of the country.
Meetings 01 importance are held throughout the entire
season, and such has been the increase in breeding and
in the number of enterprising turfmen in those parts,
that the courses are supplied with good equine perform-
ers, almost without consideration as to what may be
going on at the headquarters of racing, either in the
North or the South. The annual meetings that are held
at Butte and elsewhere have been more than ordinarily
successful, not alone financially, but also from the fact
that they have shown first-class racing conducted in an
upright, enterprising manner.

In all this extraordinary turf activity, Mr. Daly has
played an important and influential part. His Bitter
Root Stock Farm has contributed in many ways to
magnify the racing spirit of that section and to make it
possible to build up racing affairs there. Nor has his
healthful and stimulating influence been in any respect
confined to the West. His stables have added to the
brilliancy of the great race meetings in the vicinity of
New York and in other parts of the country, and his
colors have been among the most popular in these
modern times. By his liberality in everything that
relates to the turf, by his notable enterprise and by his
sound good judgment, he has become one of the most
important factors in modern racing in the United States.
By his purchase of Hamburg, the best two-year old
of 1897, he added further to the importance of his stable
and his own position in the racing world. For the
season of 1898, those of Mr. Daly's horses that are
running on the Eastern track are trained by Mr. William
Lakeland. They include those famous champions,
Hamburg and Ogden, and also Isidorby Amphion out of
Isis, Kitefoot by Buchanan out of Longshore, and the
promising two-year olds, Uam Var and Larva by
imported Inverness, Ilithyia and Croker by Tammany,
Redcoat by Montana and Gold Car by Goldfinch. A true
sportsman in every sense of the word, Mr. Daly's in-
fluence in racing affairs has been healthful, and through
his energy and public spirit, he has stimulated in many
others a liking for and activity in the sport. • He will
occupy a large place in the history of the modern Amer-
ican turf, and will share with other gentlemen sports-
men of abundant means the credit of the contempora-
neous revival of interest in the thoroughbred.

183

THE AMERICAN TURF

184

THE AMERICAN TURF

185

THE AMERICAN TURF

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HE AMERICAN TURE

187

THE AMERICAN TURF

THE AMERICAN TURF

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THE AMERICAN TURF

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THE AMERICAN TURF

Prom a consideration of the iiorses, sucii as Tammany,
Montana and Ogden, tiiat iiave been most in tiie public
eye, we make tiie acquaintance of otiier inmates of the
Bitter Root Stud who have performed useful parts in re-
plenishing the ranks of American race horses. First
among the stallions who are companions of Tammanvis
imported Inverness, who was foaled in i8S8, son of
Cymbal and Belle of Scotland. His sire was by Kettle-
drum out of Nellie Hill. Kettledrum, on the side of his
sire Rataplan, was descended from The Baron, Bird-
catcher, Glencoe, Sir Hercules and Sultan. Hybla, the
dam of Kettledrum, was a daughter of The Provost and
Otesina and was descended from Lottery, Tramp,
Whisker and Bustard. Nellie Hill, the dam of Cymbal,
was by Springy Jack out of Anne Page, daughter of
Touchstone and Isabel by Pantaloon. On the side of his
dam imported Inverness is also highly bred. Belle of Scot-
land being by Blair Athol out of Theresa. Through
Blair Athol, son of Stockwell and Blink Bonny, Inverness
had another cross of Birdcatcher and Glencoe blood and
also inherited strains of Melbourne, Gladiator and Pleni-
potentiary. Theresa, the dam of Belle of Scotland, was
a daughter of Touchstone and Olga, her dam being by
Charles XII. out of Fair Helen.

Inverness was successful as a racehorse, taking several
plates and purses in his two-year old form. He was
started in eight races and, although he was not in very
good form when the season began, was five times a
winner, second once, third once and unplaced once. In
his first race he ran third to Windlass and Dorothy Ver-
non for the Ashley Plate, and in his second ran unplaced
to Lady Clare in the Walton two-year old race. Next
he won the Newmarket two-year old plate and the Dyke
plate at Newmarket and at the Epsom summer meeting
in June ran second to Bumptious for the Stanley Stakes.
At the Derby September meeting he won the Devonshire
Nursery Handicap, -^s of a mile, carrying top weight, 125
pounds, and beating eighteen others. At Newmarket
he walked over for the Double Trial Plate in September,
and at the same meeting won the Severals Plate. He
has shown undoubted merit as a sire, his get being large
and fine-looking and possessed of great speed. Senator
Bland, one of the first of his get, has held the Pacific
Coast record for a mile and a quarter — 2 minutes, 7 sec-
onds, besides winning other good races and beating
high class horses of all ages. Inverness is also the sire
of Scottish Chieftain. Others of his get have been Ben
Nevis out of Flirt, Scotch Pirate and Illumine out of Wy-
oming, Sword Dance out of Slow Dance, Highbinder out
of Homeless, Punter out of Lottery, and Marvellous and
Monda out of Mascot.

Imported Bathampton ranks in importance with the
other stallions of the Bitter Root Stock Farm. A bay
colt, foaled in 1891, he was purchased at auction as a

yearling by Mr. Daly for 8so guineas. He is a horse of
lofty lineage, being a son of Hampton and The Bat. His
sire, by Lord Clifden out of Lady Langden, was one of
the most distinguished horses known to the English
turf, and, through both of his parents, traces to the
Touchstone, Melbourne, Birdcatcher, Blacklock and
other great English families. The Bat, dam of Bath-
ampton, was by Hermit out of Cicely Hackett. Hermit,
it is well known, was, on the one side of the Touch-
stone fimily through his sire Newminster, and
on the other through his dam Seclusion, descended
from Tadmor and further back from Bay Middleton.
Cicely Hackett was by Le Marechal out of Meg of Mar-
ley. Le Marechal by Monarque out of Lady Lift was
descended from Sir Hercules. Meg of Marley was a
daughter of Mandricardo and Miss Tennyson. Man-
dricardo was a grandson of Touchstone, through his
sire Orlando.

After his purchases from the Haggin and the Belmont
sales, Mr Daly became a somewhat less frequent buyer
of homebred stock. He turned his attention toward the
famous English racing f^imilies, being firmly convinced
of the value of reinforcing the American blood from those
quarters. While in nowise disposed to underrate the
potency of American strains, he pursued the subject
of breeding with scientific ardor, and felt the necessity
of a new departure. The fashion of importing stallions
from abroad long ago became fully established among
all breeders, but somewhat less attention has been paid
to imported mares. A few breeders have, from time to
time, recognized the value that might be derived from
such operations and have considerably profited thereby.
Mr. Daly, believing that the English brood mare gave
promise of quite as much usefulness in her way, when
brought to this country, as her companions of the other
sex, has made, perhaps, as extensive and important
purchases of English bred mares as any proprietor of an
American breeding establishment that has ever lived.
His selections have always been made with remarkable
acuteness and judgment.

A more notable collection of mares than that which
he has gathered at Bitter Root has seldom, if ever, been
seen in the United States. Among the famous sires
represented by these mares have been Hampton, Bar-
caldine, Doncaster, Merry Hampton, Saraban, St. Blaise,
Kyrle Daly, Darebin, Hyder Ali, Glenelg, The Ill-Used
and Inverness. The homebred sires represented have
included Luke Blackburn, Uncas, Salvator, Montana,
Tammany, Alarm, Longfellow and others. The selec-
tion of these mares, whether of foreign or native birth,
has always been made with special regard to strong
winning lines, and the success of this plan has been fully
demonstrated many times by the noted winners who
have come from Mr. Daly's establishment. Some of

193

THE AMERICAN TURF

194

THE AMERICAN TURF

these inures are fully described on succeeding pages in
connection with a collection of their portraits.

Other matrons connected with Mr. Daly's establish-
ment, most of them from its earliest days, are also enti-
tled to recognition as well as those whom we soon
shall have occasion to speak of more fully. Among
these is imported Countess Therry, a chestnut mare who
was foaled in i88t, and bred by Mr. J.W. Smith, of Eng-
land. She came of the most fashionable blood, being on
the side of her sire, Barcaldine, descended from the Mel-
bourne, Touchstone, Birdcatcher, Stockwell and New-
minster families. Her dam. Miss Edith, gave her strains
of Stockwell, Touchstone and Glencoe, while she also
traces to Whisker, Pipator, Matchem and D'Arcy's black-
legged royal mare. To the cover of Hampton in 1894
she produced the bay filly Maid of Avenel and in 1895,
by Sheen, the bay filly Corinna. Another Barcaldine
mare is imported Barcameer out of imported Butter-
mere. In 189s, she produced to the cover of Tammany
the brown filly Barracan.

A mare from the great Hampton family that Mr. Daly
acquired in 1892, when she was a yearling, is imported
Merry Peeress, originally named Dressmaker. She is
a daughter of Merry Hampton by Hampton out of Doll
Tearsheet. Her dam was Mistress of the Robes by
Queen's Messenger out of Duchess of Sutherland.
Through both his sire and his dam, Queen's Messenger
had strains of Touchstone. The Duchess of Sutherland
was by Faugh-a-Ballagh, the sire of the great Leaming-
ton. Her dam Laundry Maid was by Wintonian out of
a sister to Laundress. Through Faugh-a-Ballagh, Merry
Peeress had the blood of Whalebone, and also had the
same strain through Laundry Maid and her sire Win-
tonian, who was by Camel, by Whalebone. The tenth
dam of Merry Peeress was Vanessa by Regulus. In 1895,
Merry Peeress threw to Tammany the bay filly Marozia.
Imported Balsam Fir, dam of the bay colt Balista by Sam
Lucas, comes of the most fashionable blood of England,
and few mares ever imported into this country could
boast of more royal lineage. She is by imported Friar's
Balsam out of imported Tempe, whose first foal she was.
She has four strains of Touchstone, two of Birdcatcher,
one of Melbourne, one of Blacklock, one of Pantaloon,
twelve of Orville, four of Emilius, two of Partisan and
one each of Melbourne, Pantaloon, Queen Mary and
Glencoe.

Then there is imported Crisis by imported Fernandes,
out of imported Isis. Her sire was by Sterling out of
Isola Bella, the latter tracing on the side of her sire,
Stockwell, to Birdcatcher and Glencoe and on the side
of her dam, Isoiine, to Faugh-a-Ballagh and Sir Hercules.
Sterling, son of Oxford and Whisper, was of the line of
Birdcatcher, Emilius, Touchstone and Melbourne. Mag-
nificat, another of Mr. Daly's best imported mares,

is by Galliard, out of Miserere, and has four strains
each of Birdcatcher and Banter, five strains of Voltaire,
six strains of Sultan, eleven strains of Blacklock, two
strains each of Voltigeur, Touchstone, Pantaloon, Martha
Lynn and Langar, three strains of Bay Middleton and
one strain each of Flying Dutchman, Newminster, Stock-
well and Pocahontas. Sightseer is another fashionably
bred mare that Mr. Daly imported. She is by Kendall
out of Lorgnette, Kendall being bv Bend Or out of
Windermere. The principal strains of blood in Sightseer
are twelve of Orville, seven each of Blackdock and Banter,
six of Touchstone, four each of Birdcatcher and Pantaloon
and two each of Stockwell, Thormanby and Orlando.
Maid of Avenel by Hampton out of Countess Therry;
Peep Sight by Prison out of imported Lorgnette; Samara
by Saraband out of imported Sacrifice; Boise by Hamp-
ton out of imported Buttermere are among the other
imported matrons of the farm.

The home bred matrons of Bitter Root Stud Farm
have been not less admired than their foreign sisters.
The principal ones will be elsewhere fully described, but
some others deserve at least passing mention. There is
Bandana by imported Darebin out of Bessie Peyton,
who traces to Touchstone on the one side and to Lex-
ington on the other. In 1894, she produced to Tam-
many the chestnut filly. Tiger Cat. Mascot, the dam of
the bay filly Malpaquet by Hyder Ali, the chestnut filly
Marvellous by imported Inverness and the bay colt
Monda by imported Inverness, is by imported Glenelg
out of Mignon. Through Glenelg she has the Stockwell
and Melbourne blood, and through Mignon, who was a
daughter of Enquirer and Magnetta, she traces to Leam-
ington, Lexington, Sovereign and Sir Charles blood.
Palfiena, the dam of Protest II. and Poppinjay, both by
Inverness, Palfurni by Montana and Pallucus by Sam
Lucas, is a daughter of Hyder Ali and Pandora, tracing
to Leamington and Lexington through her sire and to
Australian, Lexington and Melbourne through her dam.

Wood Violet, a full sister to Forester, Woodfiower,
Woodcraft and Forest King, has been one of the most
distinguished mares on Mr. Daly's ranch. A chestnut,
she was foaled in 1885 and bred by Mr. August Belmont.
Her sire was imported The Ill-Used, and her dam was
Woodbine by Censor or Kentucky out of imported
Fleur de Champs. She has the Birdcatcher, Melbourne,
Sir Hercules and Touchstone strains, and also derives
from the immortal Lexington and imported Glencoe.
While she was the property of Mr. Belmont she was
covered by St. Blaise and produced the chestnut filly,
Pansy, the chestnut colt, St. Jacob, and the chestnut
colt. Primrose. The best known of her get has been
Senator Bland, the chestnut colt by imported Inverness.
He was foaled in 1893. She is also, by Inverness, the
dam of the chestnut filly, Sweet Violet, foaled in 1894.

195

THE AMERICAN TURF

Imported Matt Byrnes, a brown colt, was foaled in
1 89 1. His sire was Hampton, son of Lord Clifden and

MATT BYRNES (imported)

Lady Langden. Through Lord Clifden he traces to New-
minster, Touchstone, Melbourne, Voltaire and the great
English families that they represented, among his other an-
cestors in this line being Camel, Humphrey Clinker, Whale-
bone, Selim, Beningbrough, Black-
lock and Comus. Lady Langden,
the dam of Hampton, was by Ket-
tledrum out of Haricot, Kettledrum
being a son of Rataplan and Hybla
and Haricot a son of Lanercost
and Queen Mary. Through Lady
Langden, imported Matt Byrnes
has the blood of Pocahontas, Glen-
coe, Tramp, Whisker, Bustard,
Plenipotentiary, Gladiator and
others. Cherry, the dam of Matt
Byrnes, was by Sterling out of
Cherry Duchess, her sire being by
Oxford out of Whisper and her
dam by The Duke out of Mirella.
Through Sterling, Cherry traced to
Birdcatcher, Flatcatcher, Sir Her-
cules, Guiccioli, Whalebone, Plen-
ipotentiary, Melbourne, Emilius,
Bay Middleton and Touchstone.
In the dam of Cherry flowed the
blood of Stockwell, Pocahontas,
The Baron, Whalebone, Sir Hercules, West Australian,
Orlando and the great families that they represented.

Through his grandams Matt Byrnes is descended from

Woful, Waxy, Sweetbriar, Babraham, Golden Ball,

Hampton's Court Childers and Lord

Halifax' Bushy Molly by the chestnut

Litton Arabian.

Primrose, a chestnut colt, foaled in
1892, came to Mr. Daly out of the
mare Wood Violet, whom he pur-
chased from the Nursery Stud sale.
The sire of Primrose was imported St.
Blaise, the famous son of Hermit and
Fusee. So much has been said of St.
Blaise in this volume that his pedigree
need not be dwelt upon in detail here,
save to say that none richer appears
in the Stud Book. Through Hermit
he traces to Touchstone, Tadmor,
Whalebone, Waxy, Trumpator, Sul-
tan, Selim, Bay Middleton and Black-
lock. Through Fusee he has the
blood of Gladiator, Touchstone, Whis-
ker, Sir Hercules, Camel, Waxy, Pot-
8-os and Emilius. Wood Violet was by
imported The Ill-Used out of Wood-
bine. The pedigree of The 111-Used
is also a matter of common knowledge, he being the son
of Breadalbane and Ellermire. Through his grandam.
Woodbine, Primrose has the best American blood,
Vvoodbine being a daughter of Censor or Kentucky and

PRIMROSE

tracing to Lexington, and to Magnolia by imported
Glencoe out of imported Myrtle.

THE AMERICAN 'ITRF

One of the earliest and one of the best of Mr. Daly's
importations was Isis, a chestnut mare, foaled in 1SS7,
and bred by the Duke of West-
minster. She was by Bend 1 )'0r
out ot Shotover. Through Don-
caster, the sire of Bend D'Or,
she descended /rom Stock-
well, Pocahontas, Glencoe, Or-
lando and Melbourne. The dam
of Bend D'Or, as is well known,
was Rouge Rose, daughter of
Thormanby, the Derby winner,
and Ellen Home. Through
Thormanby, the blood of that
great English racing tllly, Alice
Hawthorne, was transmitted to
Isis. Ellen Home was by Red
Shank out of Delphi. Shotover,
the dam of isis, was by Hermit,
son of Newminster and Seclu-
sion, while her dam, Stray Shot,
was by Toxophilite out of Vaga.
Newminster was the son of
Touchstone and grandson of
Camel; Seclusion, a daughter of

Tadmor and Miss Sellon; Toxophilite, a daughter of
Longbow and Legerdemain; and Vaga, a daughter of
Stockwell and Mendicant. On the line of her dams, Isis
traces to Bustard, Eclipse, Herod, Regulus, D'Arcy's

Israel by Galliard; the bay filly Crisis by Fernandez;
the chestnut colt imported Isidor by Amphion; the

LA TRAPPE Umported)

White Turk and a royal mare. Among the produce 01
Isis have been the filly Isiac by Roseberry; the bay colt

ISIS (imported) ano ILITHYIA

chestnut filly imported Sistrum by Common; and the

chestnut filly Ilithyia by Tammany.

Imported La Trappe has had a successful career in the

stud, both in this country and in Europe. A bay mare,
she was foaled in 1881, the
daughter of Hermit, son of
Newminster and Seclusion. Her
dam was Ambuscade, daughter
otCamerinoand Crossfire. Cam-
erino was by Stockwell, son of
The Baron and Pocahontas,
while his dam, Sylphine, was by
Touchstone out of Mountain
Sylph. Crossfire, the grandam
of La Trappe, was by Vedette
out of Crosslanes, her sire being
by Voltigeur, son of Voltaire
and Martha Lynn. In England,
La Trappe was covered by Ison-
omy, Barcaldine and Apollo, pro-
ducing Nomion, Barmecide and
Celibacy. In this country her
produce has been the bay colt
Friar by Ayershire, the bay filly
Mother Superior by Hyder Ali,
the bay colt Trappean by In-
verness, the chestnut colt Fort

Augustus by imported Inverness, and the bay colt

Tammany Hall II. by Tammany.

iqy

THE AMERICAN TURF

In imported Erin-Go-Bragh is combined tlie blood of
several of the best English equine families. This chest-
nut mare, foaled in 1887, was
bred by the Duke of Westminster.
She is the daughter of Barcaldine,
who was by Solon out of Ballyroe.
Solon was by West Australian out
of Darling's dam, who was by
Birdcatcher, son of Sir Hercules
and Guiccioli. Through West
Australian Erin-Go-Bragh was de-
scended from Melbourne, Hum-
phrey Clinker and Touchstone.
Ballyroe, the dam of Barcaldine,
was by Belladrum out of Bon Ac-
cord, Belladrum being a son of
Stockwell and Catherine Hayes,
while Bon Accord was the daugh-
ter of Adventurer and Darling's
dam. Farewell, the dam of Erin-
Go-Bragh, was by Doncaster out
of Lily Agnes. Through Doncaster
the line of descent was from
Stockwell, The Baron, Birdcatcher,
Pocahontas, Glencoe, Marigold,

Teddington, Orlando, Melbourne and Ratan. Lily
Agnes was by Macaroni out of Polly Agnes, her dam
being a granddaughter, through her dam, of Birdcatcher
and of Agnes, by Clarion. Erin-Go-Bragh also traces to

1 89 1, the bay filly imported Lady Judette; by Child of
the Mist, in 1892, the chestnut colt Sleeping Child and

RED SPINNER (imported)

Priam, Don Juan, Pipator, Hambletonian and Young
Marske. By Highland Chief, Erin-Go-Bragh produced, in

ERIN-QO-BRAGH (imported)

by Tammany, in 1895, the chestnut colt Lord Beresford.
From the establishment of Mr. Carew Gibson in Eng-
land came the bay mare imported Red Spinner, who
was foaled in 1879. She was by Rosicrucian out of Re-
action. Her sire was a son of
Beadsman and Madam Eglantine.
Beadsman was by Weatherbit
out of Mendicant, being of the
line of Lottery, Priam, Touch-
tone, Camel, Orville and
Tramp. Madam Eglantine was
by Cowl out of Diversion, her
sire's pedigree tracing to Bay
Middleton, Crucifix, Sultan and
Priam, while the pedigree of her
dam was through Defense and
Folly to Whalebone and Middle-
ton. Reaction, the dam of Red
Spinner, was a daughter of King
Tom and Waterwitch. Her dam
was by Flying Dutchman out of
Evening Star. In England Red
Spinner produced Lammerlaw
by Lammermoor, and Spanish
Fly by Don Juan. She was also
the dam of Bill Gwin by Spring-
field, imported by Mr. Daly.
In this country she produced the bay filly Gwendolyn
to the cover of St. Simon.

THE AMERICAN TURF

LORGNETTE Omported)

Foaled in 1S8;;, the brown mare imported Lorgnette foaled in 1884. She is a daughter of Doncaster and

was bred by Lord Rossiyn. She was by Speculum out of Thorwater. Doncaster was by Stockwell out of Mari-
gold, Stockwell being by The
Baron, son of Irish Birdcatcher
and Echidna, and out of Poca-
hontas, daughter of Glencoe and
Marpessa. Marigold, through
her sire, Teddington, traced to
Orlando, son of Touchstone, and
to Miss Twickingham, daughter
of Rockingham. The dam of
Marigold was a sister of Singa-
pore and a daughter of Ratan,
who was by Buzzard; her gran-
damwas a daughterof Melbourne
and Lisbeth; Thorwater, the dam
of Buttermere, was by Thorman-
by out of Fairwater, her dam
being by Loup-garou out of The
Bloomer, Loup-garou coming
from the Lanercost and Moon-
beam families and The Bloomer
from the Melbourne, Velocipede
and Tramp families. The sixth
dam of Buttermere was by Bust-
Miss Middlewick. Her sire was a son of Vedette, who ard, and her seventh dam, Olympia by Sir Oliver. The

was by Voltigeur out of Mrs. Ridgeway, while his dam produce of Buttermere has included the bay filly, Barca-

Doralice, was by Alarm or Orlando out of Preserve, thus mere, and the bay colt, Barbecue, both by Barcaldine;

giving to him the blood of Touchstone, Vulture, Emilius the bay colt, Butte, and the bay filly, Boise, both by

and Mustard. Miss Middlewick, the dam of

Lorgnette, was a daughter of Scottish Chief and

Violet. Through Scottish Chief she derived

from Lord of the Isles, son of Touchstone and

Fair Helen by Pantaloon out of Rebecca. Sister

Ann, the dam of Scottish Chief, was by The

Little Known out of Bay Missy, The Little

Known being a son of Muley and Lacerta, and

Bay Missy a daughter of Bay Middleton and

Camilla. Violet, the dam of Miss Middlewick,

was by Thormanby, her dam being Wuodbine

by Stockwell out of Honeysuckle, who, a daugh-
ter of Touchstone and Beeswing by Dr. Syntax,

was a sister to Newminster. Other ancestors

of Lorgnette were Ardrossan, Whitworth,

Young Marske, Regulus, Lord Morton's Ara-
bian, Mixbury, Bay Bolton, Coneyskins, Hutton's

grey barb, the Byerly Turk, Hutton's royal

colt. Buster and the Helmsley Turk. The

produce of Lorgnette have been the bay filly

Sightseer by Kendal; the bay filly Peepsight

by Prism; and the bay filly Common Sight by

Common buttermere (imported) and senator matts

From the establishment of the Duke of W^estminster Hampton; the bay colt. Bitter Root by Royal Hampton,
came the bay mare imported Buttermere, who was and the chestnut colt. Senator Matts by Tammany.

199

THE AMERICAN TURF

A fair winner on the turf, imported Irony, has also a
good record as a producer. A chestnut mare, she was

IRONY (impobted)

foaled in 1881, being by Rosebery out of Sarcasm. Her
sire was a son of Speculum by Vedette out of Doralice,
and his dam was Ladylilte by Newminster out of Zuleii<a.
Through both his sire and his dam Rosebery was de-
scended from Touchstone and Whalebone and among his
other ancestors of note were
Orlando, Voltiguer, Orville,
Muley, Beningbrough, Bees-
wing, Birdcatcher, Blacklock,
Sir Hercules and Selim. The
dam of Irony was by Breadal-
bane, of the Stockwell and
Blink Bonny families. Her
dam was Jeu D'Esprit, daugh-
ter of Flatcatcher and Extem-
pore. Through Flycatcher Irony
has another cross of Touch-
stone and through Flatcatch-
er's dam. Decoy, she traces
to Filho- da-Puta, Haphazard
and Peruvian. Extempore was
a daughter of Emilius by Or-
ville out of Emory, and her
dam. was Maria by Whisker
out of Gibside Fairy. On the
side of her dams Irony has the
blood of Sir Peter Teazle,

Matchem, Miss Slammerkin, and D'Arcy's black-
legged royal mare. In England, Irony produced the bay

colt Lamprey by Beauclerc, the chestnut colt Junius by
Albert Victor and the brown filly Vampire by Gallopin,

all of them being winners, and
the last-named being purchased
by the Duke of Westminster for
^1,050.

Imported Close the Door, a
bay mare, was foaled in 1887.
She is by Wisdom, one of the
best sires in England. Wisdom
was a son of Blinkhoolie and
Aline, his sire being by Rata-
plan out of Queen Mary. Rata-
plan was descended from Bird-
catcher, Economist, Glencoeand
Muley, while Queen Mary traced
to Gladiator, the son of Partisan
and Pauline, to Plenipotentiary
by Emilius and to Myrrha by
Whalebone out of Gift. Through
Aline, the dam of Wisdom,
Close the Door traces in other
lines to Birdcatcher, Economist,
Glencoe and Muley, the sire of
Aline being Stockwell by The
Baron out of Pocahontas. Jeu D'Esprit, the dam of Aline,
gave to her daughter the Touchstone and Emilius pedi-
grees. The dam of Close the Door was Draughty,
daughter of Exminster, who was the son of Neminster
and Stockings. The produce of Close the Door have

CLOSE THE DOOR (imported)

included the chestnut colt Mistral II. by Florentine and
the chestnut filly Open Doors by Tammany.

THE AMERICAN TURF

Purchased at Tattersall's Newmarket sale in 1892 tor
200 guineas, imported Miserere produced tiie filly Mag-

MISERERE (imported)

nificat by Galliard, and also the chestnut colt Missioner
by the same sire. Miserere, who was foaled in 1887,
a handsome chestnut mare, was by The Miser out of
Pauline. Her sire was a son of Hermit and La Belle
Helene. Through her grandsire,
who was a son of Newminster
and Seclusion, she traces to Touch-
stone, Camel, Dr. Syntax, Tad-
mor, Sultan, Bay Middleton and
Crucifix. Through her grandam.
La Belle Helene, daughter of St.
Albans and Teterrima, she is de-
scended from Stockwell, Bribery,
Pantaloon, Voltigeur, Bay Middle-
ton and Malek. On the side of her
dam, Pauline, Miserere is quite as
richly endowed as through her
sire. Pauline was by Cock Robin
out of Polly Plush, Cock Robin
being a son of Chanticleer and
Forlorn Hope, and Polly Plush a
daughter of Orlando and Plush.
Thus the famous Birdcatcher,
Whalebone, Blacklock, Waxy,
Touchstone, Selim, Emilius and
other great English families gave
to Miserere several crosses.
On the side of her dams she traces to Trumpator,
Highflyer, Snap, Bay Bolton, Darley's Arabian, the

Byerly Turk, the Taffolet Barb, Place's White Turk
and the natural Barb mare.

Few brood mares ever im-
ported into this country have
had better blood than imported
Petticoat, who was purchased
privately at Newmarket by Mr.
Daly for 450 guineas. A chest-
nut mare foaled in 1888, her sire
was Doncaster, a winner of the
Derby, who was also the sire of
Ben D'Or, another Derby winner,
who, in turn, was the sire of
Ormonde, the Derby winner and
"the great horse of the cen-
tury." Doncaster was a son of
Stockwell, who was by The
Baron out of Pocahontas and
thus he had strains of the
Whalebone, Whisker, Black-
lock, Selim, Tramp and other
noted families. Marigold, the
dam of Doncaster, was by Ted-
dington out of the Sister to
Singapore, and through her he
traced to the Touchstone and Humphrey Clinker, Black-
lock, Melbourne and Selim families. The dam of imported
Petticoat was Pelisse, daughter of The Baron and Pel-
erine. The produce of Petticoat has included The Nude

PETTICOAT (imported) and MOLLER

by St. Gatien; Chiffie by Prism; Tea Gown by Mon-
tana and MoUer by Montana.

THE AMERICAN TURF

Imported Tempe cost her owner 470 guineas at Tat-
tersall's Newmarket sale in 1892. Siie can boast of
liaving tile blood of the best En-
glish families. A bay mare
foaled in 1889, her sire was
Tynedale and her dam Temer-
aire. Tynedale was by Warlock
out of Queen of Tyne. The pedi-
gree of Warlock takes us back
through Birdcatcher to Sir Her-
cules, Whalebone, Waxy, Guic-
cioli and Chanticleer and through
his dam, Elphine, to Emilius,
Whiskey, Bustard and Bening-
brough. Qiieen of Tyne, by
Tomboy, out of a daughter of
Whisker traced to Smolensko,
Orville, John Bull, Waxy, Pot-
8-os, Trumpator and Prunella.
Through her dam Temeraire,
Tempe has crosses of Touch-
stone and Emilius. The sire of
Temeraire was Adventurer by
Newminster, son of Touchstone
and Beeswing, and out of Palma,

daughter of Emilius and Francesca, the latter being a
daughter of Partisan, granddaughter of Orville and great-
granddaughter of Buzzard. Witchery, the dam of Tem-
eraire, was by Dundee out of a daughter of The Cure and

was a great-grandson of Gladiator. Elphine gave to
Witchery the Orville, Bustard and Beningbrough strains.

THE TASK (iMPOHTEo)

Elphine. Dundee, son of Lord of the Isles, was a grand-
son of Touchstone and through his dam, Marmalade,

TEMPE (imported) and TEMPEAN

The produce of Tempe has included the Bay filly Balsam
Fir by Friar's Balsam; the bay filly Devil's Dream by
Chittabob; the bay filly Tempse by Tammany; and the
bay colt Tempean by Sam Lucas.

Winner of the Devonshire
Nursery Stakes in 1891, import-
ed The Task was regarded in En-
gland as an excellent race mare
in her two-year old form. She
v/as foaled in 1889 and bred by
the Duke of Portland. Her ped-
igree runs back to Mrs. Cruik-
shank by Walbeck; Tramp's
dam by Gohanna; Fraxinella
by Trentham; Everlasting by
Eclipse; Hyena by Snap; Miss
Belsea by Regulus, and also to
Woodpeck, Bartlett's Childers,
Honeywood's Arabian, and
Bowe's Byerly Turk mare. The
sire of The Task was Barcaldine,
son of Solon and Ballyroe. The
pedigrees of Solon and of Bally-
roe are familiar. The dam of The
Task was Satchel, a daughter of
Galopin and Qiiiver. In 1894,
The Task threw the brown colt
imported Sain by St. Serf, and in 1895, the chestnut filly,
Shimoga by Sir Hugo.

THE AMERICAN TURF

Bred by John Watson, of England, imported Name-
sake, a bay mare, foaled in iSSq, is a half-sister to
Geheimness, winner of the Oaks
in 1S83. Some of the richest strains
of English ec|uine lilood unite in
her. She was a daughter of Hamp-
ton and Nameless. The pedigree
of Hampton is as familiar as a
household word in turf circles, his
sire, Lord Clifden, tracing to New-
minster, Touchstone, Dr. Syntax,
Melbourne and Voltaire, and his
dam, I.ady Langden, tracing
through Kettledrum to Rataplan,
The Baron and Pocahontas, and
through Haricot to Lanercost,
Gladiator and Plenipotentiary. An-
other cross of Rataplan and Queen
Mary came to Namesake through
her grandsire Blinkhoolie, the sire
of her dam Nameless and the son
of Rataplan. The dam of Name-
less was No Name, daughter ot
Teddington and Queen of Beauty,
her sire being by Orlando out of
Miss Twickenham, and her dam a daughter ot Melbourne
and of Birthday, who was by Pantaloon out of Honoria
by Camel. The sixth dam of Namesake was Maid of
Honor by Champion; her seventh dam Etiquette by

dams she also traces to Matchem, the Newton Arabian,
Hly Turk, St. Martin and the Oldtield mare. Namesake

SACRIFICE (imported)

NAMESAKE (imported) and NAMELY

has produced Nominal by Inverness; Colonel Root by

Tammany, and Namely by Sam Lucas.

Two crosses of Touchstone, two of Birdcatcher, two

of Partisan, three of Sultan, four of Blacklock, and two
of Monimia, combined to give
imported- Sacrifice as rich blood
as ever flowed in the veins of
any English thoroughbred. She
also includes among her ances-
tors Newminster, Rataplan,
Stockwell, Glencoe, Whisker
and other great thoroughbreds
of Royal descent. A hay mare,
foaled in 1881, she is by Hamp-
ton out of Sanctity. Her sire
has been one of the noblest
horses in the stud in this gener-
ation, being the sire of no less
than three winners of the Derby,
Ayrshire, Merry Hampton and
Ladas. Sanctity, the dam of
Sacrifice, was by Caterer out of
Dame Alice, who was the dam
of many winners. The produce
of Sacrifice has included Society
by Marquis Townshend ; Stadt-
holder by New Holland; Scapu-

Orville; her eighth dam Boadicea by Alexander; and lar by Marquis Townshend; Mintmaster by Minting;
her ninth dam Brunette by Amaranthus. On the side of her Leveret by Galopin; and Samara by Saraband.

203

THE AMERICAN TURF

The pedigree of imported Oriole includes tliree win-
ners of the Derby and other great thoroughbreds of the

ORIOLE (imported) and TAMOR

English turf. It shows three crosses of Touchstone,
three of Catton, and two of Defence, and also is strong
with such great names as Birdcatcher, Newminster,
Rockingham, Picton, Alice Hawthorne, Muley. Selim,
Plenipotentiary, Emilius, Waxy,
Dr. Syntax, B e n i n g b r o u g h,
Smolensko, Whalebone and
Partisan. The sire of Oriole
was Ben D'Or, the Derby win-
ner, and sire of Ormonde.
Through both his sire and his
dam Ben D'Or had the proud
inheritance of Derby honors, his
sire, Doncaster, and Thormanby,
the sire of his dam, being dis-
tinguished winners of the Blue
Ribbon of the English turf. He
transmitted these honors to his
son Ormonde, who also became
a Derby winner. It would
almost seem, from these brilliant
records, as though the winning
of the Derby was a tradition in
this family. The dam of im-
ported Oriole was Fenella,
daughter of Cambuscan and La
Favorita. Cambuscan was by

Newminster out of The Arrow, the latter being by Slane
out of Southdown. La Favorita was foaled in France,

and was also the dam of Dourance, who won $2|,,ooo in
stakes, and was the grandam of the fleet Grey Leg. Her
sire, Monarque,was also the sire
of the great Gladiateur. She,
herself, was the dam of Flag-
eolet, who became the sire of
Rayon D'Or. Fenella's half
brother, Flageolet, was the sire
of winners, who took $600,000
in stakes and purses in England
and France. Among the pro-
duce of Oriole have been Ogden,
the winner of the Futurity, by
Kilwarlin; Black Cap. by Royal
Hampton; and Tamor by Tam-
many.

Imported Ayrshire Rose, a
chestnut filly, foaled in 1892, is
by Ayrshire out of Rose of Lan-
caster. Her sire was by the
famous Hampton out of Atalanta>
the latter being by Galopin out
of Feronia. The dam of Atalanta
was by Thormanby out of
Woodbine. Thus, through her
sire Ayrshire Rose traced by several different lines to
Touchstone, Melbourne. Stockwell, and Pocahontas. Rose
of Lancaster, the dam of Ayrshire Rose, was by Doncaster,
the Derby winner, and out of Rouge Rose. Ayrshire

AYRESHIRE ROSE (imported) and ASH LEAF

Rose produced the chestnut filly Ash Leat, who was
thrown in 1895 to the cover of Tammany.

204

THE AMERICAN ■VVliV

Imported Gwendolyn, a bay mare with a star on her
forehead, was foaled in 1891. She was bred in England
but imported to the United States
in embryo by Mr. Daly. She is the
daughter of St. Simon by Red
Spinner. St. Simon, a son of Galo-
pin and St. Angela, had the best
blood of England on both sides of
his pedigree. Galopin, by Vedette
out of Flying Duchess had, as we
have several times heretofore seen,
royal blood in every vein. St. An-
gela, daughter of King Tom and
Adeline, had also in her pedigree
some of the best crosses known to
the Stud Book. Her sire. King
Tom, was a son of Harkaway,
who was by Economist out of
Fanny Dawson, while the dam of
King Tom was the celebrated Po-
cahontas, by Glencoe out of Mar-
pessa. Adeline, the dam of St.
Angela, was by Ion out of Little
Fairy, Ion being a son of Cain and
Margaret, and Little Fairy being by
Hornsea out of Lacerta. The pedigree of Red Spinner,
dam of Gwendolyn, and also an inmate of Mr. Daly's
stud, has been given at length on a preceding page of
this volume. Gwendolyn was covered by imported In-

country by Mr. Daly, her bay filly, imported Lady
Judette, came in embryo. The pedigree of Lady

LADY JUDETTE (impobted)

verness and, in 1 896, threw to him the bay filly G wennin.
When imported Erin-Go-Bragh was brought to this

GWENDOLYN (importeo) and GWENNIN

Judette is of the most distinguished character. That
part of it which traces through her dam, Erin-Go-Bragh,
has been already given on the page devoted to a sketch
of that famous brood mare. The sire of Lady Judette

was Highland Chief, and through
him she has descent from sev-
eral of the most illustrious lines
known to the English turf. The
sire of Highland Chief was
Hampton by Lord Clifden out
of Lady Langden, and the
strains of blood thus uniting in
Hampton are too well known to
need more than the merest ref-
erence to them. Corrie, the
dam of Highland Chief, was a
daughter of Stockwell, son of
The Baron and Pocahontas. Her
dam, Mayonnaise, was by Ted-
dington out of Picnic, Tedding-
ton being the son of Orlando
and Miss Twickenham and
Picnic the daughter of Glaucus
and Estella. The sixth dam of
Lady Judette was Agnes by
Clarion ; her seventh dam, An-
nette by Priam ; her eighth dam.
Potentate's dam by Don Juan. In 1895, Lady Judette
produced the bay colt Ternary by Tammany.

205

THE AMERICAN TURF

Foaled in 1891, imported JVlaiden Poem is the daughter
of Master Kildare or Laureate, the latter being accepted.
Laureate was a son of Rosicrucian and
Laura. His sire, by Beadsman out of
Madam Eglantine, was also the sire
of imported Red Spinner. Laura, the
dam of Laureate, was by Orlando out
of Torment. Through her sire she
had strains of Touchstone, Selim and
Bustard. Through her dam, a daugh-
ter of Alarm and out of a daughter of
Glencoe, she had the valued strains
of Defence, Sultan and Whalebone.
Through her dam. Maiden Belle,
Maiden Poem has crosses of Touch-
stone, Glencoe, Whalebone and
Melbourne. Maiden Belle was a
daughter of Beau* Brummel and
Maiden Hair, her sire being by George
Frederick out of Ma Belle. George
Frederick was the son of Marsyas and
the Princess of Wales, his sire being
by Orlando out of Malibran, and his
dam by Stockwell out of The
Bloomer, who was by Melbourne out
of Lady Sarah. Ma Belle was by Lord Clifden out of
Dulcibella, a daughter of Voltigeur. Maidenhair by
Broomiclaw, son of Stockwell and Qiieen Mary, was out
of Fern. Brought to the cover of Sam Lucas, Maiden

of Flora, was purchased by Mr. Daly as a yearling for
250 guineas. She is as royally bred as any mare that

BENEFACTRESS (imported) and BELLOVESUS

Poem, in 1896, produced the bay filly Cleodora.
Foaled in 1892, imported Benefactress by Bendigo out

MAIDEN POEM Cimported) and CLEODORA

has ever been served in the United States. Her sire,
Bendigo, was by Ben Battle out of Hasty Girl. The sire
of Ben Battle was by Rataplan, whose pedigree has
been frequently given. Young Alice, the dam of Ben
Battle, was by Young Melbourne,
son of Melbourne and Clarissa, and
out of Sweet Hawthorne, daughter
of Sweetmeat and Alice Haw-
thorne. Hasty Girl, the dam of
Bendigo, was by Lord Gough out
of Irritation, the former being by
Gladiateur, by Monarque out of
Miss Gladiator, and of Bataglia by
Rataplan out of Espoir, daughter
of Liverpool and Esperance. Irri-
tation was by King of Trumps out
-of Patience, the former being a son
and the latter a great granddaugh-
ter of Velocipede. On the side of
her dam imported Benefactress is
equally well bred. Her dam, Flora,
was a daughter of Buccaneer and
Violet. Buccaneer, by Wild Dayr
rell, was. out of a daughter of
Little Red Rover and Eclat; and
Violet, the dam of Flora, was the
daughter of Voltigeur and Gar-
land. In 1896, Benefactress threw to imported Inverness,
the dark brown colt, Bellovesus.

206

THE AMERICAN TURF

Foaled in 1879, the bay mare Clara was bred by the
Honorable August Belmont. She is one of the best

daughters of imported The ill-Used, whose pedigree and
history has already become an important chapter in the
Stud Book of this country as well as of England. It is
only necessary to record the parentage of The Ill-Used,
who was by Breadalbane out ot
Ellermire, to show clearly the
richness of his blood. Camilla,
the dam of Clara, was not less
highly bred than the stallion who
served her. She was a daughter
of King Tom and Agnes. King
Tom, through his parents. Hark-
away and Pocahontas, traced to
Economist, Whisker, Fanny
Dawson, Glencoe and Muley.
Agnes, representative of that
great family known by her
name, was by Pantaloon out of
Black Agnes, and through her
sire was descended from Buz-
zard and Selim, and through her
dam from Velocipede, Blacklock
and imported Diomed. On the
side of her dam Clara also traces
to Squirrel, Marske, Driver,
Merlin, Commoner, the Selaby
Turk and Place's White Turk.

Clara has been very productive. Her sons and daughters
have included the bay filly Marie Jansen and the bay

filly Clarissa, both by Kingfisher, the bay colts Claren-
don, Chatham and Canning, and the bay filly Clarinda,
all by imported St. Blaise; the
bay filly I Declare by imported
Inverness and the bay colt Green-
back II. by Tammany.

Another of Mr. Daly's brood
mares that came from the Nur-
sery Stud Farm of August Bel-
mont is the bay mare Mehallah,
who was foaled in 1880. She is
a daughter of Kingfisher out of
imported Lady Mentmor.
Through Kingfisher, who was a
son of Lexington, Mehallah had
the choicest American blood.
The dam of Kingfisher, imported
Eltham Lass, was a daughter of
Kingston, who was by Venison
out of Queen Anne. The dam
of Eltham Lass was a daughter
of Pyrrhus the First and Pal-
myra, the latter being by Sultan
out of Hester. Imported Lady
Mentmor, by King Tom out of
May Bloom, was descended from Harkaway, Economist,
Pocahontas, Glencoe and Newminster. To imported
The Ill-Used Mehallah threw the fillies Her Majesty,
Glory and Phoebe and the famous bay colt Sam Lucas.

MEHALLAH

By imported Inverness she had the bay filly Meekness
and by Tammany the bay filly Makallah.

207

THE AMERICAN TURF

Affinity, a chestnut mare foaled in 1884, was also from
the Nursery Stud, and was as choicely bred as any of the

AFFINITY AND AFFIANT

sons and daughters that came out of that famous estab-
lishment. She was another daughter of Kingfisher, who
was a son of Lexington and imported Eltham Lass. Her
dam was Attraction, who was of royally bred English
stock. The sire of Attraction
was imported Balrownie and her
dam was imported Maud. Bal-
rownie by Annandale out of
Queen Mary traced to Touch-
stone and Rebecca, Camel and
Banter, Lottery, Cervantes, Par-
tisan and Pauline, Gladiator,
Plenipotentiary and Myrrha. Im-
ported Maud was a daughter of
Stockwell out of Countess of
Albemarle, the latter being by
Lanercost out of a sister to
Hornsea, who was by Veloci-
pede out of a daughter of Cer-
berus. Included among other
distinguished ancestors of Affin-
ity were Sir Peter, Pegasus,
Paymaster, Herod, Snap, Regu-
lus. Hip, Babraham's dam, Will-
iam's Woodstock Arabian, the
St. Victor barb, Why Not and a
royal mare. To the cover of im-
ported The lU-Used Affinity threw the colt Circular and
also the bay colt University. By imported Inverness she

is the dam of the filly Afflatus and by the same sire, the
dam of the chestnut colt Afghan. In 1896 she produced

the chestnut filly Affiant by Tam-
many.

Belinda, a bay mare foaled in
1887 and bred at the Nursery
Stud was another one of the
daughters of Kingfisher, who
was much favored by Mr. Bel-
mont. Her dam was Bellona,
daughter of imported The 111-
Used and Beatrice. Through
Beatrice, who was a daughter
of Kentucky and imported Ber-
nice, Bellona traced to Lexing-
ton, Magnolia and Stockwell.
Braxey, the dam of Bernice, was
by Moss Trooper out of Queen
Mary by Gladiator. The sixth
dam of Belinda was by Plenipo-
tentiary; her seventh dam,
Myrrha, by Whalebone; her
eighth dam, Gift by Gohanna;
her ninth dam, a sister to Gra-
zier by Sir Peter; her tenth dam,
a sister to Aimator by Trumpator, and her eleventh dam
a sister to Postmaster by Herod. At the Bitter Root
Stock Farm Belinda has been served by Tammany. In
1895, she produced to the cover of that great stallion the

BELINDA AND CROKER

bay colt Grand Sachem, and in the following year she
threw the bay colt Croker.

208

THE AMERICAN TURl'

From the Rancho del Paso of Mr. J. B. Haggin came
Miss Darebin, a brown mare foaled in iSqo. She is by

MISS DAREBIN and MOYA

imported Darebin out of Miss Clay. Imported Darebin
was the son of imported The Peer and Lurline. Through
his sire, who was by Melbourne out of (^linizelli, Dare-
bin traced to Humphrey Clinker, Comus, Cervantes,
Golumpus, Touchstone and Pan-
taloon. Lurline, the dam of
Darebin, was by Traducer out
of Mermaid. Her sire was a son
of The Libel and Arethusa, The
Libel being by Pantaloon out of
Pasquinade, and Arethusa by
Ellis out of Languid. Mermaid,
the dam of Lurline, was by King
Tom out of Waterwitch, daugh-
ter of Flying Dutchman and Ev-
ening Star. Miss Clay, the dam
of Miss Darebin, came of the best
American stock, being the
daughter of Hindoo and Belle
Runnymede. Hindoo, through
his sire Virgil, transmitted the
Vandal strain to his descend-
ants and through his dam Flor-
ence, the Lexington, Weather-
bit and Irish Birdcatcher strains.
Belle Runnymede was the
daughter of imported Billet and

Fancy Jane, the latter being by Neil Robinson, son of
Wagner and Belle Lewis. The dam of Fancy Jane was

a daughter of imported Knight of St. George and a Glen-

coe mare. To the cover of imported Inverness, Miss

Darebin threw Scottish Chieftain

in 1894; Inverary II. in 1895, and

Moya in 1896.

Another good brood mare who
came from the Rancho del Paso
is the chestnut Missoula, who was
foaled in 1890. She is by imported
Sir Modred out of Dixianne. Her
sire, by Traducer out of Idalia,
had strains of Pantaloon, Camel,
Touchstone, Beeswing, Slane and
Voltair. Traducer was by The
Libel, son of Pantaloon and Are-
thusa, daughter of Elis. Idalia
was the daughter of Cambuscan,
son of Newminster and out of
Dulcibella, daughter of Voltiguer.
In Dixianne, the dam of Missoula,
were united the best English and
American blood. Dixianne was
by imported King Ban out of
Dixie's War Flag. King Ban, be-
ing a son of imported King Tom
and Atlantis, traced to Harkaway and Pocahontas.
The sire of Dixie's War Flag was War Dance, by Lex-
ington out of Reel. To imported Child of the Mist or
Silver King, Missoula produced in 1894 the bay filly.

"v ^^'<^»ies»«*'*fc;-

»««•* - ."^

MISSOULA AND MAL-LAK-WA

Corvallis. In 1896, she produced the chestnut colt,
Mal-lak-wa, by imported Inverness.

209

THE AMERICAN TURF

Amazon, a bay mare foaled in 1887, was bred by Au-
gust Belmont. She is tiie dam of tiie chestnut colt,
Amazonian by Tammany. She
is royally bred, being by im-
ported The lU-Used out of Fair
Barbarian. Her sire gave her
crosses of Stockwell, Melbourne,
Irish Birdcatcher, Lanercost and
other strong lines. Her dam,
Fair Barbarian, was by Hermit
out of Romping Girl. As is well
known, Hermit was by New
minster out of Seclusion, thus
uniting Touchstone, Dr. Syntax
and Tadmor lines. Romping Girl,
the dam of Fair Barbarian, was
by Wild Dayrell out of Gay. Wild
Dayrell, son of Eon and Ellen
Middleton, was a grandson of
Cain, Margaret, Bay Middleton
and Myrrha. Through Gay other
strains of the Melbourne blood
were given to Romping Girl, Gay
being a daughter of Melbourne
and of Princess Alice, who was

by Liverpool out of Queen of Trumps, b) Velocipede.
Even more distinguished ancestry is included in the
pedigree of Amazon. Among her grandams were Prin-
cess Royal, Queen of Diamonds, Lass of the Mill, Brown

Castrel, Diamond, Sir Peter, Florizel, Eclipse, Engineer,
Partner, Makeless and Brimmer.

BEAUTY AND BRITOMARTIS.

Woodcot, Chestnut Thornton, Old Thornton and the
Burton barb mare, while among her grandsu'es were

Beauty, a chestnut mare foaled 1888 and bred by Au-
gust Belmont, was covered by imported Rayon D'Or and
in 1893 produced the filly Ray of Gold; was covered
bj/_Tristan and in 1894 produced the black filly. Tryst;

was covered by imported Inver-
ness and in 1895 produced the
chestnut filly Bellibone, and was
covered by Inverness and in
1896 produced the chestnut filly
Britomartis. Beauty is by im-
ported St. Blaise out of Bella,
and one of the choicest get of
her great sire, through whom
she numbered among her an-
cestors such famous thorough-
breds as Touchstone, Gladiator,
Sir Hercules, Whisker, Whale-
bone, Waxy, Selim, Crucifix,
Priam and scores of others, not
less worthy. Bella, the dam of
Beauty, was by Fiddlesticks out
of imported Bernice. Fiddle-
sticks was one of Lexington's best
sons, and his dam was imported
Filagree, by Stockwell out of
Extasy, who was by Touchstone
out of Miss Wilfred, the latter
being by Lottery, by Tramp out of a daughter of Smolen-
sko. Through her dam Bella had another Stockwell strain.

THE Ai\II':KICAN TURF

Butterfly, a chestnut mare, foaled in 1886, came from
Mr. J. B. Haggin's Rancho del Paso. She is the daughter
of imported Kyrle Ualy and
Mariposa, and is thus well
bred in the Touchstone and
Lexington lines. Her sire,
Kyrle Daly, was a son of
Artillery out of Colleen Rhue.
Artillery was by Touchstone
-out of Jeannette, his dam
being a daughter of Irish Bird-
catcher, son ot Sir Hercules
and of Perdita, who was bv
Langar out of Delenda. Col-
leen Rhue, the dam of Kyrle
Daly, was by Gemma-di-
Vergy out of Princess. Gem-
ma-di-Vergy was a son of
Sir Hercules and Snowdrop
by Heron out of Fairy. Prin-
cess was a daughter of Re-
triever by Recovery out of

Tadlioni, her dam being

Echidna by Economist out of

Miss Pratt. Mariposa, the

dam of Butterfly, was a thoroughly well-bred American,

the daughter of Monarchist and Heliotrope. Monarchist,

as is of course well known , was one of the best sons of

Lexington, his dam being Mildred by imported Glencoe

and out of Evergreen, daughter of imported Glencoe and
Mistletoe. Butterfly produced in 1890 Chrysalis, and in

Jta

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im^

FLORID AND IVY BLOOM

out of Levity. Heliotrope, the dam of Mariposa, was by
imported Knight of St. George, son of Irish Birdcatcher

BUTTERFLY and LARVA

1891 Emma Mc, both by Hidalgo; in 1894 Loch Ness,
and in 1896 Larva, both by imported Inverness.

Bred by Mr. J. B. Haggin, the bay mare Florid was
foaled in 1888. She is the daughter of imported The

111-Used and Flower Girl. Her
dam by imported Australian
out of Neutrality, was of the
new blood that has been such
a potent quantity in the devel-
opment of the American thor-
oughbred in this generation.
Australian was a son of West
Australian and Emilia, thus
combining in himself the
strains of the Melbourne,
Touchstone, Emilius and Whis-
ker families. Neutrality, the
dam of Flower Girl, was by
that staunch American horse
Revenue, son of Trustee and
Rosalie Somers, the latter, as
will be readily recalled, being
by Sir Charles out of Mischief.
No stronger strains than those
running through Sir Charles,
Trustee and Revenue are found
in the American Stud Book.
Flond's produce include AUa-habad by Hyder Ali, Franc
by Silver King and Ivy Bloom by imported Inverness.

THE AMERICAN TURF

In the brown mare Virgin, daughter of Milner and
Virgie, is united the blood of imported Leamington,

VIRGIN AND E-COME

Lexington, Vandal and Wagner, a combination that can
scarcely be excelled in the experience of American turf-
men. Milner was by imported Leamington out
of a daughter of Lexington and Kate Anderson. The
pedigrees of Leamington and Lex-
ington combine the choicest strains
of English and American blood, and
the Leamington-Lexington cross has
'always been considered one of the
most potent in modern breeding.
Kate Anderson, the grandam of
Milner, was by imported Sovereign
out of Chloe Anderson, thus adding
another valuable strain to the pedi-
gree of Virgin. Virgie, the dam of
Virgin, was a daughter of Virgil and
Lax, Virgil, as is well known, being
by Vandal out of Hymenia. Lax was
a daughter of imported Scythian, son
of Orlando and grandson of Touch-
stone, and her dam, Lavender, was
by Wagner out of Alice Carneal.
Virgin's sixth dam was by Robin
Grey; her eighth dam by imported
Highflyer; her ninth dam by im-
ported Fearnought; her tenth dam by
Ariel; her twelfth dam by the Cullen
Arabian; her thirteenth dam by Croft's Partner; her fif-
teenth dam by the Curwen bay barb and her sixteenth dam

by D'Arcy's chestnut Arabian. The produce oi Virgin
have been the brown colt Vitringa by imported Child of

the Mist, the bay colt Vignola by
Silver King, and the dark bay
^m colt E-come by imported Inver-

^^L ne^s.

R^^*'. W Namonia, a bay mare foaled in

1888, daughter of imported Sir
Modred and La Favorita, was
bred by Mr. J. B. Haggin. Sir
Modred's pedigree, beginning
with his parents, Traducer and
Idalia, runs back, as is well
known, to Pantaloon, Newmins-
ster, Voltigeur, Camel and
Touchstone, having several
crosses of the most important
families to which those thor-
oughbreds belong. La Favorita,
the dam of Namonia, was by
Glenelg out of Edeny, the
Glenelg strain going back to
Stockwell, Pocahontas, Mel-
bourne and Defence. On the
side of her dam La Favorita came
from good American stock, Edeny being a daughter of
Lexington. Namonia was covered by Hyder Ali, and in
1893 threw the bay filly New Moon. The next year she
threw the bay colt Namaquas, also by-Hyder Ali. In 1 895,

NAMONIA AND NICOMACHUS

she produced the bay colt Negligence, and in
chestnut colt Nicomachus, both by imported

1896, the
Inverness.

THE AMERICAN TURF

An own sister to Namonia, the bay mare Belle of
Butte, was foaled in 1880 and bred at the Rancho del
Paso. Daughter of imported Sir
Modred and La Favorita, she has
shown all the best qualities of the
great thoroughbreds of England and
the United States, to whom, in com-
mon with Namonia, she traces. Be-
sides the ancestors to whom reference
has just been made in the sketch, of
her sister, Belle of Butte and Namo-
nia are descended through their
grandam from Wilkes' Wonder, im-
ported Saltram, Melzar, Haynes'
Flimnap, Clodius, Evans' imported
Stirling, the Belsize Arabian, Croft's
Partner, Bald Galloway, the Akas-
ter Turk, Leede's Arabijin and
Spanker. Barren, in 1894, Belle of
Butte produced in 1895 the bay filly
Belle de Nuit by imported Inverness,
and in 1896 the bay colt Silver Beaux
by Montana.

Few brood mares can boast of
more illustrious descent than Home-
less, who was foaled in 1890, and
D. Withers. In the fifth generation
tors include Timoleon, imported Sarpedon, Rowena, im-
ported Glencoe, of whom she has two crosses; Irish

tors were Sir Archy, Ball's Florizel, Emilius, Sultan,
Trampoline, Touchstone, Glencairne, Sir Hercules,

bred by Mr. D.
back her ances-

HOMELESS AND HOMEMADE

Birdcatcher, Marpessa, Heron and Pyrrhus the First. In
the preceding generation her most distinguished ances-

BELLE OF BUTTE AND SILVER BEAUX

Waterwitch, Muley and Bustard. Still further back she
derives from imported Diomed, Florizel, Rockingham,
Eclipse, imported Shark, Pot-8-os, Beningbrough, Selim,
Buzzard, Tramp, Waxy, Blacklock, Trumpator, Whale-
bone, Whisker, Comus, Lottery
and Defence. The sire of Home-
less was the celebrated Uncas,
son of Lexington and Coral, his
dam being by Vandal, imported
Glencoe's great son, and out of
imported Cairngorme, who was
by Cotherstone out of Glenluce.
The dam of Homeless was im-
ported Sweet Home, daughter of
Knight of St. Patrick and Bittern.
Knight of St. Patrick was by
imported Knight of St. George,
and his dam was Pocahontas by
imported Glencoe out of Mar-
pessa. Bittern, the dam of Sweet
Home, was by Fisherman out of
Village Lass, her sire being a son
of Heron by Bustard. Village Lass
was by Pyrrhus the First. In 1 894,
Homeless produced the bay filly
Homestakeby Brown Fox; in 1895,
the bay colt Highbinder, and in
1896, the bay colt Homemade, both the last named being
by imported Inverness.

213

THE AMERICAN TURF

From the Rancho del Paso, from which establishment,
as we have seen, Mr. Daly has had some of his best
native brood mares, came also
Slow Dance, who was foaled in
1890. Her sire was imported
Darebin and her dam Sly Dance.
The pedigree of Darebin has
been given in detail on a preced-
ing page in the sketch of Slow
Dance's half-sister, Miss Darebin.
Sly Dance, the dam of Slow
Dance, was by War Dance out
of Sly Boots. From War Dance,
son of Lexington and Reel, she
derives from Boston, Timoieon,
imported Sarpedon, imported
Glencoe and Camilla. Sly Boots
came of another great American
thoroughbred family, her sire
being a son of Revenue and
Topaz. Her dam. Skedaddle,
was by imported Yorkshire out

of Magnolia. She has a double

cross of imported Glencoe.

Through her dam. Slow Dance

was descended from Bobadilla by Bobadil, Pythoness by

Sorcerer, Princess by Sir Peter, Golden Grove by Blank,

Spinster by Croft's Partner and the Layton barb mare,

and also from such other great grandsires as Dungannon,

ported Inverness. She was barren in 1894, but in 1895
she produced the chestnut colt Highland Ball, and' in

BEAUCATCHER and CRUTCH

Turf, Herod, Makeless, Brimmer, Place's White Turk
and Dodsworth. Slow Dance has been covered by im-

SLOW DANCE and SWORD DANCE

the following year the chestnut foal Sword Dance.
Beaucatcher, the dam of the chestnut colt Crutch by
Tammany, was foaled in 1891, and bred by Mr. D. D.
Withers. She is by imported Eothen out of Auricoma,
and few mares of this genera-
tion have been able to exhibit
more lofty lineage. Imported
Eothen was a son of Hampton,
the great sire of Derby winners,
whose pedigree and history have
already been given. The dam
of Eothen was Sultana by Ox-
ford out of Besika, her sire being
a son of Irish Birdcatcher and
Honey Dear, and her dam by
Beiran out of Merope, thus giv-
ing her the valuable strains of
Whalebone, Waxy, Emilius,
Bay Middleton, Priam, Buzzard,
Blacklock, Whisper and Whis-
key. On the side of her dam
the lineage of Beaucatcher is not
less notable. Her dam, Auri-
coma, was by imported King
Ernest out of Belinda. Imported
King Ernest, son of King Tom
and Ernestine, was descended
from Harkaway, Economist, imported Glencoe, Touch-
stone and Waxy.

THE AMERICAN TURF

HON. AUGUST BELMONT

FOUNDER, THE NURSERY STUD

2IS

THE AMERICAN TURF

OLIVER H. P. BELMONT

216

THE AMICRICAN TURF

Attention has been called in the preceding chapter to
the valuable services rendered by the Honorable August
Belmont in the work of reorganizing the American lurf
in the present generation, and in elevating it to a posi-
tion of honor and inlluence. That, however, was by no
means the only part that Mr. Belmont played in turf
affairs during his lifetime and, important though it was,
did not surpass in usefulness to the cause of the
thoroughbred his unremitting devotion to breeding and
racing. Perhaps the future will even look upon Mr.
Belmont's breeding enterprises as constituting the great-
est and most lasting benefit that he conferred upon the
turf. The primary cause of the magnitude of this enter-

to acquiring a knowledge of the methods by which the
thoroughbred has been brought to such perfection in
Europe. His intimate association with the Rothschilds
was of great advantage to him in this connection, and it
was not long before he was completely and soundly
familiar with those theories and practices of breeding
the blood horse that had stood the test of generations
and were accepted everywhere as the foundation of all
good breeding. It was easy for him to realize what was
lacking in the representatives of the thoroughbred in
America and his practical mind at once determined on the
steps necessary to infuse the best equine blood into the
horses that should-uphold the honor of our country on the

THE NURSERY STUD, LEXINGTON, KY.

prise and its wonderful success lay in the character of
the man. In everything that engaged his attention,
it was part ot his nature to seek for fundamental
principles and to pursue every ramification of a subject
to its fountain head.

The same thoroughness and capacity to grasp the true
significance of things which explains his success in so
many other directions, was fully asserted in his fondness
for the horse, although, at the outset, this had its origin
merely in a desire for relaxation from more serious re-
sponsibilities. No sooner had he begun to give even
cursory attention to the subject than he devoted himself

turf. Breeding became one ot Mr. Belmont's favorite
pastimes. More than that. It was a serious matter
with him, for no man ever had the interest of the turf,
or thoughts for its future nearer to his heart. Outside
of his banking business, and notwithstanding the social,
literary and political calls that were made upon his time,
breeding ultimately became one of the chief objects of
his attention. His wealth enabled him to buy the best
animals in the market in any country, and his intimate
relations with the leading racing men in England gave
him exceptional opportunities to add valuable blood
horses to his stud. His purchases were invariably made

217

THE AMERICAN TURF

judiciously and in the exercise of a thorougii knowledge
of the animal, and with a mastering ambition to do only
that which should serve the best interests of the turf.

With justice it may be said that he set the first ex-
ample for that magnificent development of breeding as
an art that has raised the standard of the American
thoroughbred until, at the present day, no animal in the
world can claim to be its superior in speed or bottom.
Even his success in racing was subordinate, in his mind,
to the gratification that he experienced when the horses
bred in accordance with his ideas proved their superior-
ity. His maroon and scarlet were made prominent in
public esteem from the establishment of Jerome Park.

favored climate and grasses of Kentucky. Nevertheless,
it promptly took a position in the front rank of the great
breeding establishments of the United States, and the
results that accrued from the liberal management and
the well-informed and painstaking care that Mr. Belmont
personally gave to it were of the most notable char-
acter, and won for it a reputation that was not even
limited by the boundaries of the country. When the
estate, which comprised over a thousand acres, came into
Mr. Belmont's possession in the sixties it was nearly all
unimproved wood land. Under his wise direction it
was converted into a fertile, well-tilled expanse and be-
came an almost perfect spot. Its nearness to New York

TEN DAYS OLD

NURSERY STUD

There, as well as at Saratoga and Long Branch, when
thosetracks were in the heyday of their popularity, his
stable won every triumph they could offer, and its owner,
although already known from one end of the United
States to the other, gained recognition as the undisputed
leader of sport in America. But always in the midst of
these glories he turned fondly to his breeding establish-
ment and gave to that an attention that showed how
thoroughly absorbed in the pursuit he had become.

Located, originally, at Babylon, L. I., the Nursery
Stud labored under some disadvantages when compared
with what has generally been considered the more

City rnade it especially agreeable to its owner, since he
was thus enabled to give his personal attention to
the establishment. Upward of 500 acres of the prop-
erty were kept under cultivation, a large extent of it
laid down in grass.

The accommodations that were afforded for Mr.
Belmont's equine treasures befitted their lofty lineage.
Some fifty acres comprised the paddocks, specially
devised and arranged for the comfort of their occupants,
and beyond them was a fine level mile track, where the
aspirants for racing honors were put through their
courses. This mile track was an ideal race course, and

218

•HE AMERICAN TURF

probably few, if any, that were superior to it ever
existed in tiiis countrv. In connection with it was a
cooling shed and a grand stand tVom which the per-
formances of the coming cracks could be studied. Not
far away was a pi'etty pine grove, where the stallions
used to hold court, and the necessary stables and pad-
docks, varying from one to two and a halt acres each
in size, were conveniently scattered about. A feature
of the place was the training stable or school, as it
was called, which was an ideal building, covering a
very large space, all under one roof, and splendidly
lighted from above. Here the horses could be exercised
throughout the winter months despite the weather, and

associated with him in the business, was a house of
ordinary dimensions, containing about twenty -four
rooms. Located near the centre of the estate it com-
manded a beautiful view of the entire property, was
surrounded by a wide lawn, and had attached to it
stables for carriage horses, coach house, bowling alley
and other such adjuncts as naturally pertained to the
country residence of a gentleman of wealth and good
taste. On the estate was also a fine trout pond, some
thirty acres in extent, that afforded the most enjoyable
sport with rod and line. The mansion was filled with
mementoes of Mr. Belmont's racing career and has thus
been preserved with filial care by his sons. Myriads

A GROUP OF YEARLINGS

NURSERY STUD

the very great advantage derived from this was often
seen in the splendid condition in which the bearers of
the maroon and scarlet came to the post at the early
spring meetings.

Adjoining this building and connected with it were
the principal stables which were finished in accordance
with the most advanced ideas for the advantage of the
horses. Close by was the trainer's residence, two
smaller stables and buildings for the accommodation of
the boys employed about the place. Mr. Belmont's
private residence, which, in fact, was the sporting head-
quarters of himself and his sons, who ultimately became

of portraits of noted race horses were collected by the
master of the Nursery Stud and from the walls of the
drawing room pictures of such noble animals as the
great English Derby winner, Ormonde, The lU-Used,
Kingfisher, Glenelg, Patience, Woodbine, Sultana,
Fiddlesticks, Victoria, Fenian, Prince Royal and a host
of other celebrities are displayed, many of them mem-
bers of the, Belmont stable through many years, and
others the great blood horses of the world.

To enumerate the names of all the old time favorites
of the turf, whose names were identified with the
Nursery Stud during the lifetime of its founder would

219

THE AMERICAN TURF

require many pages, and however agreeable the task
might be, we must be content to give brief attention
only to some of the more important, trusting that an
account of them will be sufficient to fully indicate the
character of the establishment. Foremost among the
stallions that Mr. Belmont owned was perhaps imported
St. Blaise, and his purchase of that animal was a con-
vincing proof of his thorough knowledge of horseflesh,
and his skill in divining breeding value in an animal. At
the time of Mr. Belmont's death, it was well said that
" no stallion, living or dead, ever achieved such wonders
at the stud as the Derby winner of 1883 has done, and
since then his reputation has never ceased to increase."

He was the son of Breadalbane, who was a brother ot
Blair Athol, winner of the Derby in 1864, and his dam
was Ellermire, who was Elland's dam. The Stockwell
and Blink Bonny strains on the part of his sire and the
Irish Birdcatcher and Lanercost strains on the part of his
dam made him a horse of irreproachable pedigree. Pur-
chased as a yearling in 1871, The ill-Used was shipped
to New York, and, as a two-year old, started at the Fall
Meeting at Jerome Park, running for the Nursery Stakes,
in which, however, he was not successful. When run-
ning for the Belmont Stakes as a three-year old, he was
slightly injured, but never after suffered defeat, winning,
subsequently, the Sequel Stakes and the Kenner Stakes.

RAYON D'OR

NURSERY STUD

An account of St. Blaise has been given in the chapter
on Race Horses, Past and Present. Before Mr. Belmont
died, he saw his stallion stand at the head of the win-
ning sires one season, and had the satisfaction of wit-
nessing his get capture one Futurity and run second for
another. In 1889, his two-year olds in Mr. Belmont's
stable alone won $48,775, and in the following year no
less than $108,185. This was besides what his two-
year olds in other stables won.

Second only to St. Blaise in the affections of Mr.
Belmont was imported The Ill-Used, who was bred by
Colonel Townley, in England, and was foaled in 1870.

His racing career then ended and he was retired to the
stud. There, although he never had a very great chance,
he got Forester, Jack of Hearts, Jacobus, Woodflower,
Carita, Topsy, Badge, Magnetizer, Magnate, His High-
ness, and many others. His most successful son was
probably His Highness, who, as a two-year old, stood
at the head of his class, winning upwards of $112,000,
including the great Futurity,

Nonesuch was a good son of The Ill-Used and was
foaled in 1879. His dam was imported Nonpareille,
daughter of Kingston and England's Beauty. Kingston,
the son of Venison (by Partisan) out of Queen Ann by

THE AMERICAN TURF

Shine, was the sire of the dains of imported Glen-
elg and KingMsher; Caractacus, winner of the Derby;
Queen Bertha, winner of the Oaks and dam of the
Wheel of Fortune, who won the Thousand Guineas and
the Oaks; Silver Hair, dam of the Derby wmner,
Silvio and King John, Nottingham and of other good ones.
He was one of the most illustrious sires of England.

Fiddlesticks was another famous stallion of the
Nursery Stud. The son of Lexington and imported
Filagree, he was foaled in 1873. He was a good race
horse and, in 1876, was the winner of the Withers
Stakes and the Jersey St. Leger, in the former defeating
Brother to Bassett, Merciless, Algerine, Viceroy and

Few thoroughbreds on the American turf, previous to
his time, ever had a more notable record as a two-year
old than Magnetizer, son of imported The 111-Used and
Magnetism. He was bred by Mr. Belmont and foaled in
1885. His dam, Magnetism by Kingfisher out of Attrac-
tion, gave him strains of the best thoroughbred blood ot
two continents. When he first started as a two-year
old in the spring at Jerome Park he won a half-mile race,
but in a contest for the Foam Stakes failed even to gain a
place. Next, however, he won the Surf Stakes, beating
Guarantee, Balston, Omaha and others, and then carried
otT the Independent Stakes at Monmouth Park in one of
the best races of the year, carrying top weight at 120

HENRY OF NAVARRE

NURSERY STUD

Others. He was also the winner of the Ocean Stakes
and ran second for the Belmont Stakes and the Jersey
Derby. At the end of his four-year old career he passed
into the stud where he scarcely had the opportunity that
he deserved. His daughter, Bella, however, attained to
fame in breeding, her first foal, Belisarius, winning
eighteen races in 1890, and nearly as many the following
season. Bella was also the dam of Beauty and of Belle
D., both of whom were winners. Carmen, another
daughter of Fiddlesticks, was the dam of the two-year
old winner, Carmine.

pounds, beating Sir Dixon, Balston, Miracle and others.
This was a good performance, but for the rest of the
year he was not successful, running third in the Hopeful
Stakes, and unplaced in the Junior Champion Stakes.
As a three-year old he ran only a few times.

After many years of success with the original Nursery
Farm on Long Island, Mr. Belmont felt impelled to re-
move his establishment to Kentucky. Notwithstanding
that he had been eminently successful in establishing the
principle that it was possible to breed well in the North
if the proper attention was given to the matter, even he

THE AMERICAN TURF

was constrained to concede that Kentucky might offer
some exceptionally favorable conditions, such as it was
scarcely likely could be met with elsewhere. The
attractions of the blue grass and limestone soil seem to
be well nigh irresistible to all turfmen at times, and the
thoroughbred traditions of Kentucky exercise at all times
a powerful influence. Accordingly, in the fall of 1885,
he removed his breeding establishment from Long island
and founded the Nursery Stud, near Lexington, Ky. His
new farm was one of the best in the blue grass region.
Immediately after taking possession of it he entered
upon the work of improving the property on the same
generous scale that he had displayed in building up the

the stock, and there are the usual dwelling houses and
other appurtenances necessary to the perfect manage-
ment of such a large estate. When this farm was made
the headquarters of the stud the value of the old Nursery
Farm on Long Island was not ignored. It was retained
as in a sense supplementary to the Kentucky establish-
ment. There the yearlings have been handled, the
race horses intended for racing in the East have been
wintered, while those who have gone amiss during the
active season of the year have been sent there to be
recruited.

Coincident with his removal to Kentucky Mr. Bel-
mont purchased the English Derby winner St. Blaise and

NUHSERY STUD

MAGNETIZER

original Nursery Stud on Long Island. He expended
large amounts of money on stables, fencing and drainage,
and gave careful treatment to the enrichment of the land.
The property, traversed by never-failing streams, is
well watered, and by a system of mains, water in
abundance is conveyed to all the paddocks and horse
boxes in the establishment. Upward of 400 acres of
land are included in the farm, which, although not as
large in extent as some others, has developed to a point
of excellence where it is not surpassed by any other
place of its kind in the United States. Extensive wood-
land patches afford every convenience for the shelter of

gave him the place ot honor as his premier stallion.
With imported The ill-Used, Potomac, Fiddlesticks,
Kmgfisher and others to supplement the work of the
king of the harem and with some of the most valuable
brood mares in the country, the Nursery Stud was thor-
oughly well equipped. The completeness of the triumph
that came to Mr. Belmont in subsequent years scarcely
needs to be dwelt upon. The Nursery Stud became
noted in a short time. Notwithstanding the excellent
reputation that it had won while on Long Island, its
Kentucky fame was vastly in excess of any that it had
heretofore achieved. From the Kentucky establishment

THE AMERICAN TURF

ye:ir :il'ter yciir have come thoroughbreds who have car-
ried all before them and who altogether have consti-
tuted a regiment of the most successful performers
known to the American turf in the closing decade or
more of the century.

It was an undoubted source of gratification to all
broad-minded turfmen that Mr. Belmont did not pass
away until he had been a witness of the full fruition of
his large-minded enterprise. For a short time in the
early eighties he had withdrawn from active participa-
tion in racing, but after 1887 his colors were again seen
upon all the principal race courses. From the beginning
of his connection with the turf he adopted the principle.

Stakes and the Stevens Stakes. Other horses of his own
breeding won this year: Lady Margaret, the Independ-
ence and the Atlantic Stakes; Fides, the Clover Stakes
and the Laurel Stakes; while Lady Primrose, She and
Carnot were also winners. In the following year twen-
ty-three horses carried the Belmont colors, and twenty-
one of them were home bred. Out of a total amount of
$12^,635, which stood to the credit of the stable, its
home bred representatives won $100,045. San Carlo
stood at the head of the list with his victories in the
Great American Stakes and the Foam Stakes, while at
the same time he was second in the Futurity. Magnate
won the Sapphire, the Autumn and the Algeria Stakes;

i\UF.S£RV STUD

THE ILL-USED

of breeding for himself and not for public sale. The
best animals that he produced he always kept to carry
the maroon and scarlet, and to win with his own breed-
ing was always his highest ambition. After his return
to the turf few of the horses that he ran were other than
of his own breeding. About the only important excep-
tions to this rule were Raceland and George Oyster.

In 1888, twelve horses raced under his colors, ten ot
them being home bred. His three-year old Prince
Royal was the most successful member of his string,
having to his credit victories in the Arrow Stakes, the
Jerome Stakes, the Coney Island Derby, the Stockton

Padishah, the Tremont Stakes; Fides, the Ladies' and the
Time Test Stakes and the Croton Handicap; Zephrus,
the Bronx Stakes and the Cape May Handicap; Belinda,
the Riverdale Handicap and the Mermaid Stakes, and St.
James the Seaside Stakes.

Triumphs, even greater than in previous years, were
achieved by the Nursery Stud representatives in 1890, and
Mr. Belmont ran only one horse, Raceland, that was
born outside of the Nursery Stud. His stable again
headed the list of winning owners with $171,350, of
which $6,040 was credited to Raceland. As two-year
olds, Potomac was the best colt and La Tosca the best filly

223

THE AMERICAN TURF

of that season. The cup of happiness of Mr. Behnont
must have been well nigh filled when Potomac won the
greatest two-year old event of the year, the Futurity
Stakes, with another Nursery bred colt, Masher, running
second in the same race. Potomac achieved almost an
unbroken record, winning the Futurity, the Flatbush
and the Red Bank Stakes, and being defeated in the
Junior and Champion Stakes. La Tosca won the June,
the Select, the Belles and the Fashion Stakes, and other
races scarcely secondary in importance. Other animals
in Mr. Belmont's stable won prominent events; St.
Charles, the Juvenile Stakes; Fides, the Toboggan Slide
Handicap, in which she created the six furlong record of

the annals of our native turf or the turf of any other
country have no parallel. The season would have been
nothing but one long series of triumphs for the maroon
and scarlet. It is not too much to say that scarcely one
of the great two-year old prizes of the year would have
gone to another stable, and it would have been the
Belmont Stable first and the rest nowhere." Potomac,
who had been the best two-year old colt and La Tosca
the best two-year old filly, now in their three-year old
form stood at the head of their respective classes. His
Highness, St. Florian and Victory were the best two-
year old colts of the year, while Raceland was one of the
very best handicap horses. The amount of money that

ST.

NURSERY STUD

I minute, loj seconds; Her Highness, the Mermaid
Stakes and the Monmouth Oaks; Clarendon, the Trenton
Stakes; Amazon, the Gazelle Stakes, and Prince Royal
the Coney Island Stakes.

Could Mr. Belmont have lived another year he would
have reaped even richer rewards as a turfman. Dying
immediately after the close of the season of 1890, it was
not his privilege to know the full measure of phenomenal
success that had crowned the Nursery Stud or the full
value of his services to the American turf It has been
well said that " if only Mr. Belmont's life had been
spared, his stable would have been something for which

BLAISE

horses of his breeding who would have represented his
stable earned during the season reached the huge total of
$225,000, and it has been freely predicted that, had it not
been for the disadvantages arising from the absence of
his judgment in directing affairs, even that vast sum
might have been increased.

Upon the death of the senior Mr. Belmont it fell to the
lot of his sons, Messrs. August Belmont, Oliver H. P.
and Perry Belmont, to maintain the family name and repute
upon the turf The second Mr. August Belmont, in partic-
ular, has taken the most active interest in racing and breed-
ing. When the sale of the Nursery Stud occurred in 1891,

224

THE AMERICAN TURF

he purchiised several ul the leading horses that his father
had owned, and made his appearance on the tiirl under
the name of the Blemton Stable, the title being a memory
of his student days at Harvard and an anagram of his
own name. The impoi'tant work that Mr. Belmont has
done in reorganizing and directing Eastern turf affairs
during the last few years has been treated fully in the
preceding chapter. As the owner cf such horses as
Henry of Navarre, one of the greatest champions of the
present day; Hastings, Margrave, Merry Prince, Wood-
bine, Floretta IV., Keenan, Don de Oro, Octagon, Lady
Violet, Jack of Spades and others that have borne his
colors to victory in numberless events, he is recognized

At the head oi the establishment stands the famous
imported Rayon D'Or, who has contributed to the
American turf one of the most valuable strains of foreign
blood known in this generation. Next to Rayon D'Or
stands Henry of Navarre, that brilliant son of Knight of
Ellerslie, than whom there has been no more deservedly
popular horse upon the turf in the present generation,
and who will rank as one of the famous champions ot
the American turf of all time. Then there are Magneti-
zer. Fiddlesticks, and Margrave, son of imported St.
Blaise and Lady Margaret, all three of whom were bred
by the senior Mr. Belmont, and have been long and
notably identified with the Nursery Stud.

NURSERY STUD

POTOMAC

as a racing man of the first rank. It has also long been
his intention to encourage international racing, and with
this end in view he has already laid the foundation of a
representative American stable in the Old World.
Having abandoned the use of the name of the Blemton
Stable in racing, and making his entries under his own
name, Mr. Belmont has thus restored to its place in con-
temporary turf records a title that will always be honored
by lovers of the blood horse.

The Nursery Stud, of which the second Mr. August
Belmont is now the proprietor, has not failed to retain the
glories that it acquired during the lifetime of its founder.

The remaining stallion is Carino, who was foaled in
1893, and bred by Mr. James B. Haggin. He is a
son of imported Maxim out of Carina. His sire, by
Musket out of Realization, was a grandson of Toxophi-
lite and a daughter of West Australian, and also of
Vespasian and Hopeful. Through his great grandsire,
Toxophilite, he traces to Touchstone, Orville and Buz-
zard, and through his great-grandam, daughter of West
Australian, traces again to Touchstone and also to
Whisker, Whalebone and Blacklock. Through his
great-grandsire, Vespasian, he is descended from Touch-
stone, Irish Birdcatcher, Glencoe, Selim and Whisker,

225

THE AMERICAN TURF

and through his great-grandam, Hopeful, he has the
blood of Bay Middleton, Whalebone and Whisker. The
dam of Carino was a daughter of Kingfisher and Carita.
The matrons of the Nusery Stud are a royal household.
Most of them are the produce of the establishment with
which they are connected, Mr. Belmont, like his father
before him, being a firm believer in the results of his own
breeding. First on the list stands Arnica by Sam Brown
out of Belladonna. She was foaled in 1889. Her sire
was by General Rosseau out of Bonanza. General
Rosseau was a son of Commodore and Naty Price.
Commodore was by Caleb Quotem out of Mary Brown,
his sire being by Sir Peter Teazle by Highflyer- by Herod

Stockwell and Braxey. Bellegarde is the dam of the
bay colt Bell Punch and the bay colt Bellegrave, both by
Badge. Felicia, the dam of Felix by Kingfisher; Feronia,
St. Felix and Franciscan, by imported St. Blaise; Prince
Felix by Prince Royal and Falernian and Felician, by im-
ported Rayon D'Or is another one of the mares bred by
the Honorable August Belmont. She was foaled by im-
ported The Ill-Used out of Felucca. Her dam was by
Buccaneer out of Revival, Buccaneer, through his sire,
being descended from Bay Middleton and Blacklock and
through his dam from Trumpator, Beningbrough and
Waxy. Revival, the dam of Felucca, traced through
Newminster to Touchstone and Trumpator and through

NURSERY STUD

FIDES AND YEARLING

and out of a daughter of imported Diomed. Through
Mary Brown, daughter of Guilford and Vixen, Com-
modore ran back in the next generation to Revenue by
imported Trustee, and Pot-8-os by Eclipse. Naty Price
was of good American blood. Her sire, Cost Johnson,
was by Boston out of Atalanta by Industry by Priam.
First among the produce of Arnica is the brown filly.
Actinism, by imported Rayon D'Or.

Another famous mare of this stud is Bellegarde, who
was bred by the senior Mr. Belmont and foaled in 1890.
She is by imported St. Blaise out of Bella, who was by
Fiddlesticks out of imported Bernice, a daughter of

her dam Qui Vive to Blacklock, Irish Birdcatcher,
Whalebone and Lottery. Another one of imported
Felucca's daughters, still in the Nursery Stud, is Feu Follet,
who was foaled in 1875. She is a descendant of Lexing-
ton through her famous sire, Kingfisher. Her career in
the stud has been long and important. In 1879, she pro-
duced the bay filly Madcap, by imported Matador, and
since then has missed only three years. Her principal
produce have been Falconer and Donna Solby imported
Matador; St. Elmo, Ralph Black (Leapyear), Firefly and
Dr. Garnet by imported The Ill-Used; Feu de Joie
(Mamie B.), Formosa, St. Florian and Firebrand by

226

THE AMERICAN TURF

imported St. Blaise, and Pettish and Fulminate by im-
ported Rayon D'Or.

Other home bred matrons of this establishment are
Fides by imported The 111-Used out of Fillette; Flavia
by imported St. Blaise out of Flavina; Flying Fish by
Kingfisher out of Florence M. : Glory by imported The
Ili-Used out of Mehallah; Lady Margaret by imported
The Ill-Used out of Lady Roseberry; Leopoldina by
Prince Leopold (Doncaster) out of imported Leightona ; St.
Pauline by imported St. Blaise out of imported Patience;
Semaris by imported St. Blaise out of Sultana, and
Woodvine by Magnetiser out of Woodbine.

one who bears his name. By reason of his succeeding
to the mastership of the Nursery Stud, and by his excep-
tional activity in turf affairs, the present Mr. August
Belmont has been somewhat more in the public eye
than his brothers. Nevertheless, the Honorable Perry
Belmont and Mr. Oliver H. P. Belmont have both taken
an active part in gentlemanly sports. The former, as
one of the prime movers in the organization of the Turf
Club, at Newport, in 1895, was associated with such
gentlemen as Messrs. Robert Goelet, Frederick Bronson,
John Jacob Astor and others of the same class. He was
chosen to be one of the first governors of this club and

NURSERY STUD

LADY MARGARET AND YEARLING

The imported mares are a royal lot. They include
Belladonna by Hermit out of Bonnie Doon; Christmas
Tree by Althotas (Rosicrucian) out of Merry Christmas;
Clover by Macaroni out of Verdure; Decoy by Muncaster
out of Ruse; Frimsall by Macaroni out of Evelina; Kate
Allen by Barcaldine out of Kathenne, and Merry Nellie
by Barcaldine out of Gaiety.

That spirit, which to such an eminent degree identi-
fied the senior Mr. Belmont with the sporting spirit of
his age, was transmitted to all his sons, as well as to the

has otherwise been active in sporting affiiirs. Mr.
Oliver H. P. Belmont has been less identified with racing
than with other sports, having been most conspicuous
as a yachtsman. He is a graduate from the Naval
Academy, at Annapolis, and has seen active service as a
lieutenant. He has, however, maintained a deep inter-
est in the thoroughbred, having owned several good
horses. He has also made ventures upon the English
turf. As an all around sportsman, he is a worthy repre-
sentative of his family.

227

THE AMERICAN TURF

228

THE AMERICAN TURF

The owner of the Silver Brook Stud, Mr. Lucien O.
Appleby, comes naturally by his interest in racing
affairs. His predilection for sport was born in him,
since he comes of an English family, and no one need
even be reminded of the Englishman's natural inclina-
tion toward sporting in its best manifestations. It is
natural to expect that a man with English blood in his
veins should show an exceptional interest in the thor-
oughbred as a matter of inherited national pride, if noth-
ing more, and Mr. Ap-
pleby may be cited as
another striking ex-
ample of the truth of
this proposition. The
parents of Mr. Apple-
by were of English
origin. His father and
his grandfather were
the first of the family
to come to this coun-
try, and they settled
at Smithfield, R. I.,
where the master of
the Silverbrook Stud
was born April i6,
1842.

Mr. Appleby's con-
nection with the turt,
however, did not
commence in his early
years. Otherbusiness
occupations engross-
ed his attention and
his devotion to racing
affairs might never
have been brought
about had it not been
through the accident
of ill health. A severe
attack of pneumonia
had prostrated him,
and his physician had
earnestly advised him,
as a measure toward
complete restoration
to health, to seek
some outdoor occu-
pation, especially suggesting that nothing would be
more advantageous than an employment that should
bring him more or less into association with horses.
Mr. Appleby had already become interested in the noble
animal, principally as a matter of recreation and of indul-
gence from his exacting business pursuits, and, there-
fore, the suggestion of his physician fell upon willing

LUCIEN O. APPLEBY

PROPRIETOR, THE SILVER BROOK STUD

ears. He immediately turned his attention in that direc-
tion and engaged in his new pursuit with all the ardor
that had hitherto characterized his application to busi-
ness. Naturally influenced by his New England associ-
ations, his fii'st ventures in the sporting world were in
connection with trotters, for as is well known, the
trotter has always maintained his superiority over the
thoroughbred in public estimation in that section. Mr.
Appleby purchased several good animals of this class

and for three years,
from 1862 to 1865,
devoted himself al-
most exclusively to
them. In the last men-
tioned year he became
interested in the thor-
oughbred, with whom
he has since been
identified.

After several years
of activity in various
interests connected
with the running turf
he became the owner
of the Silver Brook
Stud, which is recog-
nized as one of the
most successful ot
modern breeding es-
tablishments in the
North. The property
is situated at Shrews-
bury, N. J., and con-
sists of some 1 18 acres
of land. The appoint-
ments of the place are
all of the most mod-
ern description. In
the stables there are
some 65 box stalls,
while the paddocks
are exceptionally
roomy and supplied
with running water.
Acquired by Mr. Ap-
pleby in 1890, the
Silver Brook property
has since then been extensively improved and devel-
oped, and as it now stands is the result of its owner's
long experience with horses and his complete knowl-
edge of the best methods that have been devised for the
care and successful breeding of the thoroughbred.

Mr. Appleby has a wide acquaintance with the lead-
ing men of the contemporary turf and is himself one of

229

THE AMERICAN TURF

230

THE AMERICAN TURF

those who are best known to the general public in con-
nection therewith. His popularity with all classes is un-
bounded, and he possesses, moreover, the reputation of
being an enthusiastic sportsman, which is shown not
only by the scale upon which his breeding interests at
Silver Brook are conducted, but in the record of the ani-
mals that have carried his colors on the track or that
now ornament his stud.

The horses he has owned include such valuable per-
formers as Forrester, Jack of Hearts, Turco, Knight of
Ellerslie, Tristan, Oneko, Stockton, Almy, Diadem and
Carnation, and many others who have all given the best
account of themselves in racing. At the head of the
Silver Brook Stud is Knight of Ellerslie and Moss Rose,
the sire and dam of Henry of Navarre, the acknowledged
king of the turf, and probably one of the best horses
ever seen in the country, a fact that invests Knight of
Ellerslie with a remarkable degree of interest for all
admirers of the purest and most perfect type of the
modern running horse. This notable sire is a chest-
nut of grand conformation and was foaled in 1881.
His parentage was aristocratic, he being by Eolus out of
Lizzie Hazelwood by Scathlock. Eolus was the sire of
probably as many high class race horses as any stallion in
the country, the number including Eole, Eon, St. Saviour,
Elkwood, Eurus, Diablo, Russell, Morello, Eolian and
other equines. On the dam's side, too, the record tells of
families that were both speedy and productive. His
dam threw winners, Charley Dreux, Thomasia, Thorn-
dale, Chauncey and Unicorn, while his second dam was
the famous brood mare War Song, the dam of Eole,
Eon, Eolist, St. Saviour, Eolo and others.

Knight of Ellerslie maintained the high standing of
his descent. He won the Preakness, the Army and
Navy, and the Vernal Stakes, and a number of other
races, and ran second to Panique in the Belmont. As a
sire, however, he has covered himself with glory through
having begotten such a noble animal as Henry of
Navarre, the winner of 29 races out of 42 starts, in
which he was unplaced on only two occasions, while
his aggregate winnings in four seasons footed up
$71,015. It is to be observed, however, that, overshad-
owing as the fame of Henry of Navarre is, it should not
cause us to overlook the other excellent horses whom
his worthy sire has produced. Knight of Ellerslie's get
include such winners as Herald, J. W. Brooks, Whist,
Agnes H., Ruth Cleveland, Hazel, Knight, Trump, Sir
Alfred, EUsmere, Ellerdie Phaedra, Knight of Honor,
Silver Brook, Knight of the Garter, Enchanter, Miss
Prim, Nearest, The Huguenot, Sir Knight, Motor, and
others. It may, indeed, be claimed that considering his
opportunities, he has been as successful a sire of reliable
animals as any in America.

Moss Rose, the dam of Henry of Navarre, although

only one of the twenty-four matrons at Silver Brook, is
well entitled to the distinction she enjoys through the
fame of her great son. She was foaled in 1883 at the cel-
ebrated Nursery Stud, and was by imported The 111-
Used out of Scarlett, a mare that on the side of her dam
combined the blood of imported Glencoe with that of
Kentucky and his father, the immortal Lexington.
Imported The lU-Used, though perhaps not favored by
Mr. Belmont to the same extent that he favored others
among his high grade stallions, came from the very pick
of the Old World horses, being by Breadalbane out of
Ellermire, and having for grandparents that remarkable
sire Stockwell and the no less famous brood mare Blink
Bonny. Moss Rose's sire, in fact, represents what the
English turf has sagaciously called the " ready-money
cross " in its perfection, while on the maternal side she
belongs to the family which gave America its best
horses up to the modern development of scientific
breeding. Moss Rose also foaled Turk I!., a frequent
winner, and has produced several full brothers to the
great Henry of Navarre, of whom good results may be
expected. The Huguenot, foaled in 1895, has shown
himself to be a very high class colt.

Tristan is another stallion who is sustaining the repu-
tation of the Silver Brook establishment by his achieve-
ments in the stud. Foaled in 1885 at the Elmendorf Stud,
he was winner of the Thistle and the Average Stakes,
and the Metropolitan, the Algeria and the Runnymede
Handicaps. Winning in all 17 races, being second in 21
and third in 8, his purses and stakes during his brilliant
career aggregated more than $32,000. His record of i
minute, ^\% seconds, for ly'a miles, carrying 114
pounds, made in the Metropolitan Handicap, when he
defeated Tenny, is still unbeaten. Among the other
rivals whom he conquered in his various races were
Prince Royal, Tea Tray, Eurus, Ambulance, Reporter,
Eric, Oriflamme, Torso, Demuth, Senorita, Clarendon,
Fitzjames, Diablo, Sir Dixon, Judge Morrow, Raceland,
Los Angeles, Inspector B., Tournament and, in addition,
a long list of other horses of no small reputation.
Tristan is by imported Glenelg, the sire of Firenze, Los
Angeles, Dry Monopole, Monitor, Louisette, Post Guard.
Insolence, Little Minch and others of a correspondingly
high quality.

Tristan is the sire of Governor Griggs, Monroe Doc-
trine, Trillo and others. The latter's get have ap-
peared on the track only since 1895. Among them
are Albanian, winner of the Bouquet Stakes at Morris
Park in 1896, and several other horses very well
regarded. Tristan still has many years of usefulness
before him in the stud, and it will be Mr. Appleby's
constant desire that the mares he serves shall be
of a grade calculated to insure successful results with
the product.

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As a type of the modern gentleman devoted to high-
class sporting matters, Mr. Augustus Ciason has been
conspicuous tor nearly a generation. A native of New
York City, he has throughout his life been prominently
identified with the business and social affairs of the
metropolis. Mr. Ciason is descended Iroin an old Con-
necticut family, from which Clason's Point on Long Isl-
and Sound took its name. He was born in New York,
May 4, 1845, i" the house of his grandfather, Mr. Reu-
ben Withers. Being a nephew of the late Mr. D. D.
Withers, Mr. Ciason came naturally by his interest in
thoroughbred racing.
His uncle's promi-
nence in racing alTairs
naturally turned his
attention in that di-
rection, and even as
a boy he began to
give attention to the
performances of the
blood horse. While
little more than a
youth he became a
gentleman rider, and
his early experiences
included a personal
participation in many
noteworthy events
that distinguished the
turf in the vicinity of
New York during the
decade or so that
immediately followed
the close of the Civil
War. One of his par-
ticular achievements
in this period, and one
that was long remem-
bered in local racing
circles, was the race
that he won in the
autumn of 1875 on Big
Sandy, one of the good
horses of that time.

The love of the turf
that thus began with

Mr. Ciason in his early years has never forsaken
him. For more than twenty years he has been
one of the prominent representatives of the gentle-
men sportsmen of New York, whose presence and
patronage exercise such a healthful influence on the
sport, and to whom the contemporaneous turt is
under such obligations of gratitude for its present high
standing. He has been untiring in his devotion to

racing, and although he has had common experience
with all other turfmen in not always seeing the hoped-for
success crowning his efforts, he has never been discour-
aged, nor has he abated in the least his energetic labors.
The spirit that animated his uncle also inspires him, and
he keeps up to the high ideal in all racing affairs that
were fixed by that eminent turfman. Believing that no
greater service can be rendered to the cause of racing
generally than by an intelligent and laborious attention to
the subject of breeding, he has engaged in that pursuit.
Of late he has laid the substantial foundation for a breed-
ing establishment that
has already had a very
pronounced influence
through several of the
thoroughbreds that it
has produced, and
that the owner is de-
termined shall grow
in extent, character
and usefulness.

For a number of
years Mr. Ciason was
interested in agricul-
tural enterprises, and
also gave attention to
the breeding of trot-
ting stock and mules.
In these occupations
he was eminently suc-
cessful, but they never
engaged his undi-
vided effort as has the
breeding'of thorough-
breds. To the latter
pursuit he has given
a great deal of time,
not only in the prac-
tical management of
breeding affairs, but
also in the study of
breeding methods. At
the present time the
Monmouth Park Stock
Farm at Long Branch
is foremost among his
racing interests and commands, exclusively, what-
ever of time he can take from purely commercial
enterprises. The estate comprises some 40 acres of
pasture and arable soil. There are pleasant turf
memories attached to it, for it was originally the
yearling sales stable connected with the Monmouth
Park Racing Association. Naturally, it became iden-
tified with Mr. D. D. Withers. As a matter of fact

AUGUSTUS CLASON
PROPRIETOR, MONMOUTH PARK STOCK FARM

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it was an adjunct to Mr. Withers' other racing enter-
prises. Although comparatively small in e.xtent, the
Monmouth Park Stock Farm is thoroughly well equipped,
while its proximity to New York City is not the least
important element in its attractiveness. Its stable is a
commodious structure, 410 feet long by 80 feet wide,
and has 104 box stalls. In connection with the building
there is also an exercise track that is a fraction over five-
eighths of a mile. The stable is always well occupied,
for outside horses are taken to board, while the fact that
Mr. Clason's principal stallion Pactolus is available to the
public attracts many brood mares there during the season.

Pactolus is a brown horse, who was bred by Mr.
Withers, and was highly valued by him. He was foaled
in 1889. His sire was by the celebrated Uncas, own
brother to Wanderer by Lexington. The dam of Uncas
was Coral by Vandal, who was the sire of such noted
thoroughbreds as Chieftain, Sorcerer, Laggard, Dun-
boyne and others. Uncas has one of the fastest i j4,
miles on record, 2 minutes, 21^ seconds. Cadence, the
dam of Pactolus, was also the dam of Orator, Jack
McDonald, Trill, Cascade, and other good ones. She
was by imported Macaroon out of imported Castagnette,
who was also the dam of Casino and others. Castag-
nette was by Marsyas, son of Orlando by Touchstone,
and her dam was Cachuca by Voltigeur, who was
the sire of imported Billet, Vedette, the sire of Galopin,
Speculum and others. Further back on the side of his
dams, Uncas traced to Ayacanora by Birdcatcher; Poca-
hontas by Glencoe, who was the dam of Stockwell,
Rataplan, King Tom and others; one of the most noted
and potent racing families in the world from which, in
the direct female line, such horses as Sir Peter, Tramp,
Velocipede, Vermouth, Glaucus, Flatcatcher, Rayon
D'Or, Flying Dutchman, and many other noted ones,
besides those already referred to, have been descended.

As a race horse Pactolus had a first-class reputation.
As a two-year old he won the Red Bank Stakes at Mon-
mouth Park, ^ of a mile, in i minute, 16^ seconds,
beating a good field of colts. He then won the Free
Handicap Stakes at Monmouth Park, ^ of a mile, in i
minute, 14 seconds, upon a heavy track with a good
field behind him. Then he ran second in the Tyro
Stakes, beating Fremont, Airplant, Hell Gate and others,
and third to Merry Monarch and Victory in the Atlantic
Stakes at Jerome Park, ^ of a mile, in i minute, 18 sec-
onds. As a three-year old he won the Cape May Handi-
cap, i}i miles, in i minute, ^4j4 seconds; the Septem-
ber Stakes, i|4 miles, and the Oriental Handicap, i}{
miles, in 2 minutes, 1 1 seconds. He always traveled in
good company and in this year defeated such first-class
runners as Captain Brown, Fremont, Westchester, York-
ville Belle, The Pepper, Pickpocket, Lamplighter, Fide-
lio and Raceland.

As a four-year old he did not start, but as a five-year
old he ran second to Kingston in a ^4 '""e sweepstakes
in I minute, 17 seconds, beating two others; won a
sweepstakes ^4 of a mile, in i minute, 17 seconds, beat-
ing My Gyps, Charade and three others, and won a
purse, Ji of a mile, in i minute, 33^4 seconds, over a
heavy track, beating four others. Since 1895, he has
been at the head of the stud at the Monmouth Park
Stock Farm. Besides this notable sire of runners, Mr.
Clason owns the following brood mares : Blackey by
Warwick out of Nana; Golden Phoebus by Bullion out
of Scissors; White Label by Dry Monopole out of Ban
Flag; Stonenellie by Stonehenge out of Nell; Aria by
Ventilator out of Pouch; Blandona by Longfellow out of
Blanche J.; Miss Belmont by Prince Royal out of im-
ported Heroine; Heritiere by Sensation out of Heiress;
Nisquanona by Macaroni out of War Paint, and Syrinx
by Eolus out of Lady Grace. The last mentioned mare
has just come to the stud from her racing career.

While Mr. Clason's breeding and racing stable is not
large, it is decidedly select in its composition and has
done well on the race course. It is the owner's ambi-
tion that horses of his own breeding shall make his
colors more prominent in the near future and in that re-
spect he is following the tradition of his distinguished
uncle. His string in 1897 comprised Leonore, a brown
filly by Darebin out of La Favorita, Syrinx by Eolus out
of Lady Grace, a beautiful filly by Ludwig out of Blan-
dona, Cassette, a brown filly by Uncas out of Castalia,
and Alicia by Daniel out of Lady Alice. Cassette was
the main dependence of the stable in 1896 and again in
1897. In 1896, she won upward of $5,000 for her owner.
In 1897 her best achievement was winning the Ford-
ham High Weight Handicap for two-year olds and
upward at Morris Park in October, over the Withers
mile. She carried 102 lbs. and was ridden by Bergen,
covering the course in i minute, 43 seconds. The race
was won driving by a head, with Typhoon II. second
and Thomas Cat third.

A notable figure in connection with Mr. Clason's
establishment is Mr. William H. Antonidus. Born in
Leedsville, N. j., in 1865, he entered the establishment
of Mr. D. D. Withers when he was a boy of eleven
years of age. There he remained for sixteen years, ad-
vancing to positions of trust and responsibility and be-
coming one of the most valuable members of Mr.
Withers' staff. Upon the death of Mr. Withers it
was natural for him to transfer his allegiance to Mr.
Clason, and with the exception of a short period,
which he spent with Col. Jacob Ruppert, Jr., and Mr.
Waller Rollins, he has maintained his connection with
Mr. Clason uninterruptedly. For five years he has been
Mr. Clason's trainer and in charge of the breeding estab-
lishment.

237

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One of Kentucky's most celebrated stud farms has
been, and now is, the McGrathiana. It consisted orig-
inally of a property of nearly soo acres, located about
three miles from Lexington on the Newtown Turnpike.
Adjoining the Nursery Farm of Mr. August Belmont, it
is situated in what may well be called the heart of the
blue grass region. McGrathiana was founded by that
well known and lamented turfman, Mr. Henry Price
McGrath, from whom the place took the name that it
has retained even down to the present day. In the
early days of the establishment such famous racers as
Aristides, Tom Bowling, Susan Ann, Aaron Pennington,
Chesapeake, Calvin, Leonard, Thora and Passaic were
connected with it. There were few better horses in his
day than Tom Bowling,
who beat everything in
his class, while Thora
was a filly that has never
been surpassed, even if
equaled, by the fastest
of her sex in this coun-
try. The fame of Mc-
Grathiana spread
throughout the country,
and it assumed a place
in the breeding world
second to none other
of its kind. The grand
old mansion of the estate
with its massive col-
umns was a noted archi-
tectural structure, and
there its owner delighted
in the open hand of hos-
pitality.

After Mr. McGrath had
passed away, the farm
was purchased by Mr.
Milton Young, and from
being a private breeding
establishment, it became
a high class public stud,

from whence some of the most famous yearlings oi
the last decade of the century have come forth. Mr.
Young is a native Kentuckian, having been born in
Union County. He began his racing experience at
an early age, in fact long before he had passed out of
his teens, and has risen from the humblest occupations
connected with the turf, until now he is one of its most
important factors in this country. Before he became
the owner of McGrathiana he was well known on the
racing field. Such horses as Beatitude, Bancroft, Boot-
jack and others often carried his blue and white jacket
to the front in many a hard fought contest, East and

MILTON YOUNG

PROPRIETOR, THE McQRATHIANA STUD

West. As a turfman he was pre-eminently successful
and had the happy faculty of bringing out strong horses
at very opportune times. Many of the fiimous stakes of
the American turf lell to him, and no stables represented
upon the Eastern courses were ever more popular or
achieved a greater degree of merited success. In one
season he won 54 out of the 103 races in which his
stable contested.

As master of McGrathiana, he not only succeeded in
maintaining the high reputation that the establishment
had acquired under his predecessor, but has even added
greater distinction to it. During the few years that he
has given his attention to breeding, he has attained to a
position in that particular branch of turf business second

to none other of this
generation. Nor has his
success been achieved
only as a breeder. He
has been recognized as
one of the leading and
most influential spirits in
the racing world of to-
day, especially in the
South and West. The
high esteem in which he
is held by his associates
has been repeatedly
shown by his election
to office in connection
with turf affairs and in
the dependence that is
placed upon his judg-
ment in the many diffi-
cult questions that arise
in administration. For
several years he was
president of the Western
Turf Congress and was
also president of that rep-
resentative racing organ-
ization, the Kentucky
Association. He has also
been called upon to render valuable practical assistance
at racing meetings as presiding judge of the Cincinnati
Jockey Club meetings at Oakley Park and the meetings
of the Kentucky Association at Louisville. The Mc-
Grathiana farm now contains 1,050 acres of the best
blue grass pastures. The stables and other accommoda-
tions for the equine guests of the proprietor are of the
most approved character and contain over 300 box stalls.
The stallions who have stood at McGrathiana have
included some of the most famous that have graced the
American turf Their names make a long and imposing
list, on which appear such notable ones as Onondaga,

243

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Stnithmore, Lamplighter, Hanover, Duke of Montrose,
imported Pirate of Penzance, Sobranje, Longstreet,
Potomac, imported Rapture and many otiiers. I'oto-
mac, it will be remembered, was one of the best sons of
the great St. Blaise, and Sobranje was by imported Mor-
temer out of Spinaway. As famous as any one in this
lot is Onondaga, who still stands in service, handed
down to the present owner from his former proprietor.
Onondaga has had a sensational career. As a race horse
he ranked in the first class, as the sketch of his life,
which we have elsewhere given, clearly demonstrates.
During the latter years of his life he has been afflicted
with blindness, as was the great Lexington before him,
yet he has maintained his usual spirit and gameness. In
fact, he has acquired a considerable reputation for
viciousness. At times in his life it has been found
necessary to enclose him in stoutly protected paddocks,
while it has been scarcely safe for any one to approach
him, save his owner and familiar attendants. His suc-
cess in the stud has been not less notable than his career
on the race course, and through his famous progeny he
has transmitted to contemporaneous thoroughbreds
some of the best qualities of his sire, imported Leaming-
ton, and other noted ancestors. In one year alone, 1891,
when he headed the list of winning sires at McGrathiana,
he was represented by 60 performers, first among whom
was Curt Gunn, others being Busteed, Ambulance,
Chimes, Portlaw, Oregon, Once Again, Patti Rosa, On
the Lea, Orinoco, L. J. Knight and others.

For several years Strathmore, previous to his death,
stood at the head of the McGrathiana stud. In a single
season the son of Waverly leaped into prominence and
took a foremost place as one of the best sires of the
period. To have two such great colts as Strathmeath
and Balgowan in his first season was the making of the
reputation of Strathmore, a reputation that has steadily
increased as the years have gone by. Duke of Montrose
was for a long time one of the successful stallions of the
McGrathiana. He was by Waverly out of Kelpie by im-
ported Bonnie Scotland. His sire was a son of imported
AustraHan and imported Cicily Jopson by Weatherbit.
Through Kelpie he traced to the celebrated Levity
family, and thus belongs to a family that has produced
more winners than any in the Stud Book. As a sire he
has established a great name for himself, being the sire
of Montrose (winner of the Kentucky Derby), and other
important races; Linlithgow, Retrieve, Promenade,
Spinalong, Monterey, Skedaddle, Pocahontas, Howard
Mann and more than a score of other good ones.

Imported Pirate of Penzance, who was foaled in 1882,
has long been another of the successful stallions of this
stud. He was the son of imported Prince Charlie, who
was by Blair Athol out of Eastern Princess by Surplice.
The dam of Pirate of Penzance was Plunder by Bucca-

neer. She was a winner and the dam of Pillage, Maid
Marian, Warren Hastings and Lord Clive. The dam of
Plunder was a sister to v^gis by Defence, and out of
Soldier's Joy by The Colonel, and the pedigree goes
back through Galatea by Amadis, Paulina by Sir Peter
and Pewet by Tandem, to a mare by Bustler. Pirate of
Penzance was a winner in his two, three, four and five-
year old forms. As a sire, he has produced Bandit,
Pirate King, Bob Carter, Lucy Belle, Dawn, Penzance,
Flushing, Joe Clark, Rondo, Kenstons and numerous
other good ones.

A first-class race horse, Macduff, by imported Maca-
roon, son of Macaroni and Songstress by Chanticleer,
has also been a successful sire. His dam was Jersey
Lass by imported King Ernest; she was the dam of
Ayrshire Lass, Umilta, Ellen H., Sapphire and others.
His grandam was Jersey Belle by imported Australian,
and the dam of Favorite, Macbeth, Kingcraft and others.
His great-grandam was Aerolite by Lexington, she being
also the dam of Fellowcraft, Rutherford, Spendthrift,
Miser and others. Macduff was the winner of the
Champagne Stakes as a two-year old, and in his three-
year old form won three races, after which he was
placed in the stud. His get have included Adelbert,
Macbeth II., who won the Kentucky Derby ; Dollikins, a
good stake winner; Dundee, Harrison, Preakness Lass,
Dunbarton, Ruby Royal, Kentucky Lady, Charter Oak
and many others.

That excellent race horse. Favor, was long held in
high esteem by Mr. Young. He was a compact and
sturdy son of Pat Malloy, and much resembled his grand-
sire, the immortal Lexington. Imported Woodlands
was one of the earlier inmates of the McGrathiana Stud.
He was a good horse of the typical English thorough-
bred style. He gave to the turf that clever racer Cracks-
man, and also Servitor, who was a very good colt. He
was also the sire of the excellent filly Innovation. Mr.
Young has also had imported Simple Simon, imported
Fortissimo, imported Pessara, and imported White
Jacket. Three other good American stallions have been
bred to his mares. First, there is Fonso.who was a first-
class race horse and a winner of the Kentucky Derby,
the Phoenix Hotel Stakes, and other important races.
The get of Fonso includes Ben Eder, Appomattox, Fore-
runner, Forest Belle, Freedom, Contest, Prince Henry
and numerous others. With him has also been Trouba-
dour, one of the best horses that has run in this decade,
the winner of the Suburban, Sensation, Criterion, St.
Louis, St. Leger, Ocean and Monmouth Cup, a special
match with Miss Woodford, and many other races. As
a sire, he will be remembered for such distinguished get
as La Cigale, Daily America, Lookout, Too Quick, Port-
ugal and others. The third of this remarkable trio of
sires is George Kinney, who won the Flash, Tennessee,

245

THE AMERICAN TURF

Kentucky, Saratoga, Hopeful, July Withers, Belmont,
Jerome, Lorillard, Kenner, Dixie, Breckenridge, and
numerous other races. He is the sire of Flyaway, Lilly
Kenney, Greyson, Blossom, Jack Martin, Crusader,
Jvletropole, and numerous others.

The get of the stallions who have stood in the
McGrathiana Stud have been pre-eminently successful.
The first two-year olds of Hanover came out in 1894,
and the winners from among them reached the unprece-
dented number of twenty-one. That year his get won
$65,175, and in 1895, 1896 and 1897 he stood at the head
of the winning sires, in 1895, he had fifteen two-year
old winners, in 1896, nine, and in 1897, nineteen. In

1895, his get won $106,005; in 1896, $84,745, and in
1897, $116,140. Strathmore had two-year old winners
as follows: in 1893, seven; in 1894, six; in 1895, twelve;
in 1896, ten, and in 1897, fourteen, in 1893, his get won
$52,879; in 1894, $41,914; in 1895, $45,445; in 1896,
$52,353; in 1897, $33,614. The get of Onondaga have
been as eminently successful as those of any other stal-
lion in modern times. In 1889, they won $55, 155; in 1890
over $51, 000; in 1892, $107,500; in 1893, $100,054, and in
1894, $58,079. Up to January, 1898, they had won over
$600,000. The get of the Duke of Montrose won, in
1893, 158,316; in 1894, $56,320; in 1895, $25,750; in

1896, $18,512, and in 1897, $25,184. In 1893, he had six
two-year old winners; in 1894, five; in 1895, six, andin
1896, one. Lamplighter made his first season in 1896,
and his first yearlings, who were by Belle of the High-
lands, Glidaga, Hair Belle, Lida Stanhope and Princess
Lorraine, were ready for sale in the season of 1898. The
first offspring of imported Pirate of Penzance came out in
1893, when ten of them were in the winning two-year
old class. In 1895, he had twelve two-year old winners,
in 1896, ten, and in 1897 eight. The winnings of his get
amounted to $19,980 in 1893, and ran up to $40,034 in
1896, and $44,999 in 1897. In 1895, the get of Macduff
won §19,315; in 1896, $8,445, and in 1897, $13,034.
Early in the season of 1898 Satsuma alone won $8,000.

Among the many celebrated dams of the McGrathiana
have been several who have been identified with the
establishment, both under the administration of its
founder and also of its present proprietor, while others
have only been inmates of its stables during the regime
of Mr. Young. Prominent among the former have been
Maria by imported Bonnie Scotland, the dam of Once
Again and of Ambulance, both by Onondaga, Patti, the
dam of Montrose, Reprieve and Promenade; Perhaps,
the dam of Dilemma, Chance, Doubt and Reckon; Beati-
tude, the dam of Bootblack and Blessing; Sophronia, the
dam of Curt Gunn, and Nellie Booker, the dam of Ten
Booker, Oarsman, Bootmaker and The Sheriff. These
and many others have passed away into the heaven of
all good thoroughbreds. To-day their successors are a

half hundred in number, all of them of distinguished
lineage, while many of them have done good service,
both on the race course and in the stud. A description
of a tew of these representative matrons and a setting
forth of their royal descent will be found interesting,
especially as giving a good idea of the general character
of Mr. Young's establishment.

Keepsake, who was by Onondaga, is the dam of Val-
kyrie and Toby Smith. She was the daughter of Kelp,
who was by imported Strachino. Her dam was a win-
ner and the dam of Onaway, Luella B., Ondawa, Up-
ward, Sloe and Kempie. The dam of Kelp was Kelpie
by imported Bonnie Scotland; she was the dam of Ova-
tion, Overture, Janet, Duke of Montrose, Annette, As-
trakhan and Miss Austine. The dam of Kelpie was a
sister to Ruric by imported Sovereign, and the dam of
the sister to Ruric was the famous Levity by imported
Trustee. Another of the McGrathiana matrons is Dilem-
ma by Onondaga out of Perhaps, who was by imported
Australian and the dam of Perplex, Reckon, Chance,
Hardly, Doubt, Probability and others. The dam of
Perhaps was Mishap by imported Knight of St. George
and her grandam was Lorette by imported Sovereign.
Mishap was the dam of Crockford, Misfortune, Misdeal,
Sophy and others, while Lorette was a winner and the
dam of Scharette and others.

Flying Witch by Duke of Montrose is the dam of Eu-
lalia. She was a daughter of Ten Witcn ('lister to Car-
dinal McCloskey), who was by Ten Broeck out of Wa-
terwitch by Asteroid. The dam of Waterwitch was im-
ported Weatherwitch by Weatherbit; she was the dam
of Fonso, Little Mack, Weathercock, Witchcraft and
others. Miss Baden, who has been bred to Hanover, is
a half sister to Heleva, who was the dam of Pocahontas
and Ethelinda, both of whom have been good winners.
She is by Baden Baden; her dam Heva was by imported
.Mortemer and a winner and half-sister to the game
McWhirter. The dam of Heva was Ontario by im-
ported Bonnie Scotland. She was a capital winner and
the dam of such good ones as Kilburn, McWhirter,
Lizzie McWhirter, Hercules, Hypasia, Rancocas and
McKeever.

Space will admit only of the merest mention of some
of the other fine matrons of the McGrathiana Stud. The
list includes Philura by Jils Johnson, out of Zelica by
Virgil, her dam being Asia by imported Australian; Jer-
sey Girl by imported King Ernest out of Jersey Belle by
imported Australian; imported King Cup by Kingcraft
out of Nutbeam by Lord of the Isles; Astrakhan by
Strathmore out of Kelpie by imported Bonnie Scotland;
Vera by King Alfonso out of Veritas by Lexington; Ex-
pectation by Hindoo out of Sophronia by Ten Broeck;
La Juive by imported Mortemer out of Judith by im-
ported Glenelg, the dam of Judith being Madam Dudley

246

THE AMERICAN TURF

by Lexington out of imported Britannia; Princess Lor-
raine by Iroquois out of Bric-a-brac by imported Bonnie
Scotland; Hxtra by Duke of Montrose out of Lizzie S. by
Wanderer, and descended from Leamington, Lexington,
Giencoe, Levity, Trustee and Tranby and many others of
early distinction.

Thoroughly practical in all his ideas, Mr. Young gives
to McGrathiana the benefit of long experience and of
careful study of thoroughbred pedigrees and capabilities.
His clear judgment of the good qualities of the horses
that come under his eye has given him unusual success,
and there are few men in the business who so rarely
make mistakes in their breeding operations. He is in no
sense a theorist, or a believer in the favorable possibili-
ties of chance. He studies everything carefully, gives
the closest attention to all the points, good and bad, of
the horses that he brings together, and is not often at
fault in divining the results. His motto has always
been " To produce the best, breed the best together,"
and he has adhered steadfastly to this principle, which
may be fairly considered as one of the fundamental
causes of his success. Sometimes he has apparently
departed from this rigid rule, but, after all, the departure
has been more apparent than real. Two instances in
particular are cited as bearing upon this point.

Mr. Young owned and trained the mare Patti. She
was raised in Illinois and not broken until she was two
years old, and it was then only with the greatest diffi-
culty that she could be shod. Her owner was afraid to
stint her to Onondaga, for fear of possible injury to that
valuable stallion. So he resolved to play for lower
stakes and bred the mare to Duke of Montrose, for which
horse he had at that time less regard than he afterward
acquired for him. The ultimate result of this almost
haphazard union was Retrieve, Montrose and Monterey.
Here then was, as Mr. Young has claimed, a complete ex-
emplification of the value of his theory, for he holds that
the union of Duke of Montrose and Patti was most cer-
tainly an instance of breeding the best together, even
though, at the time, the good quality of the Duke of
Montrose may not have been fully apparent.

Another instance in Mr. Young's career still further
illustrates this point. For two seasons Flower of Meath
was bred to Onondaga, but without success. The
master of McGrathiana was now face to face with the
possibility that the mare might never be of any value to
him and he decided that it was inadvisable to further
sacrifice. the services of so valuable an animal as Onon-
daga, a horse whose merit had by this time become
known to the racing world. With his practical way
of looking at matters, he concluded to try Strathmore
with Flower of Meath, since Strathmore, notwithstand-
ing his good promise, was as yel an unknown quantity
and might never be worth anything. The result of this

union was Strathmeath, one of the very best two-year
olds of 1890.

Referring to this experience on one occasion, Mr.
Young said: "These two incidents only go to prove
my theory that you must breed the best to the best in
order to procure a race horse. No man can control or
change the laws of nature. The shrewdest and most
successful breeder in the world was Lord Falmouth.
Look at the results he achieved by breeding the best to
the best; and his method has succeeded fully as well with
other breeders who followed his lead. 1 myself believe
in breeding for the market. Breeders cannot afford to ex-
periment or theorize; the world doesn't stop while they
sit down to figure out their theories, and they are liable
to be left at the post. If I owned the Oaks winner in
England and also her own sister, do you know what I
should do ? Well, I should breed the Oaks winner to
the Derby winner, if I could get him, and sell the
sister."

Several years ago Mr. Young was asked whether he
did not believe that chance figures largely in the pur-
chasing and owning of thoroughbreds. There was a
good deal of philosophy and more of solid experience in
his answer, which probably holds as good now as when
it was given. His reply was, " It does and it does not,
and I am going to explain what I mean by relating a lit-
tle incident which dates as far back as my yearling sale
of 1889. You know Early Blossom was sold in my lot
hat year, and when she was led into the ring I asked
Mr. Easton to give it out on my authority that the filly
was a confirmed cribber. The consequence was that
she brought only $300, and Jim McCormick got her.
Well, shortly after she was cut down in 1890, I met
Mr. McCormick and told him 1 regretted the accident,
adding that Early Blossom had certainly served him
well. 'Yes,' he said, '1 only bought the filly because
you had it announced that she was a cribber, and
because 1 have had great success with cribbers.' Now,
would you say that Mr. McCormick was favored only
by chance with Early Blossom ? What he said was very
gratifying, indeed, to me, for it bore out my interpreta-
tion of what the breeder and seller owes the public. He
must leave nothing to be understood. Every defect,
however trifling, should be brought out before the sale
is made or bidding has begun. Now, on the other
hand, in order to show you that there are two sides to
every question, and which, when joined together, make
but one in reality, so far as the honest seller is con-
cerned, when Strathmeath was put up for sale, 1 got Mr.
Easton to announce that 1 would bet $5,000 the colt
would win more money than any other sold, or to be
sold, that could be named. So you see that both Early
Blossom and Strathmeath turned out very well for
my announcements."

247

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A veteran turfman. Mr. Samuel Trowbridge has enjoyed
an eXLeptionally wide experience, Jieing a successful
owner, a trainer of I'eputation and a breedei' of
thoroughbieds upon advanced modern principles. He
was born in 1844. near Newport, Vermillion County,
Ind., and fiom his earliest years was familiar with
horses and imbibed a knowledge of the two great
arts of breeding and training. He had already attained
a mastery of the subject when in 1871 he formally
adopted the turf as the object of his life business,
beginning with a string of horses which he had
carefully trained and which he raced at the Western and
Southern tracks, winning many purses and stakes. From
that time forward he has been prominent among the
owners of the country and his stable colors, pink jacket
and cap, are emblems of many well deserved victories at
all the great courses of the country.

In reviving quarter racing particularly he not only made
a great reputation in the turf world, but was strik-
ingly successful, winning nearly every one in which he
engaged. Indeed, he has made some of the greatest
matches of this character ever seen in this country, either
as to the amount of the stakes or the quality of the horses
engaged in them. In the class of contests just referred
to, as well as in his entire career upon the turf, he has
been noted for the boldness and magnitude of his oper-
ations and his sportsmanlike attitude under all circum-
stances. The confidence with which he acts is, however,
based largely upon his unrivaled knowledge of horses
and of their preparation. He gives his own careful atten-
tion to the training of the four-footed favorites that bear
his colors, and the principal credit for the performances
of the horses in his stable that have been victorious on
so many interesting occasions is unquestionably due to
his personal skill in directing their training. At the same ■
time, he has also surrounded himself with a capable corps
of lieutenants, whose work admirably supplements the
effoits and excellent judgment of their employer. As a
breeder Mr. Trowbridge has been conspicuously success-
ful. To a profound knowledge of the underlying prin-
ciples of breeding he adds a sagacious liberality and a
constant desire to improve his facilities. He has ever
been on the lookout for available material for his stud,
one of his most notable purchases having been made in
1885, when he secured the stallion Alinade, which, with
the addition of some choice brood mares of high breed-
ing, raised his establishment to the rank of one of the
most important in the North.

Mr. Trowbridge's establishment at Belle Mead, N. J.,
is most advantageously situated in respect to the spe-
cially important primary requisites of climate, soil and
water. The stables are of modern construction and
contain accommodations for 100 head of horses, while
all the necessary outbuildings, the cottages for the

help, and so on, are ample in proportions, and are main-
tained in perfect condition. Truly scientific principles in
breeding govern the conduct of this stud, and many of Mr.
Trowbridge's methods are original ideas of his own.
Of the noted animals which have found their home in
Mr. Trowbridge's establishment the first place must be
given to the stallions, which include such well-known
sires as OKema by Reform out of Maggie B B ,and Dou
Jose. From a breeder's standpoint the mares are all that
could be desired. The list includes such dams as imported
Nightingale, imported Cressid, imported Ochone, Juliet
M, Hattie Trowbridge, Goldie, Ada Lambert (the dam of
Queenie Trowbridge, Capulin, Florence and King Sam),
Sarah Hall, Murt, Chickory and many others.

In the quality and the performances of the animals it
has foaled, the Trowbridge farm does not yield to
many similar establishments in America. Only a par-
tial list can be given, but it contains the names of
horses that have made their mark on the history of the
turf. Among them are dueenie Trowbridge, who as a
four-year old won $100,000 for her owner in one race,
and made a record on which any breeder might well afford
to pride himself. Others of note which first saw the
light here are Al Orth, Jack Allen, dueen Mab, Florence,
Lady Mary, King Sam, Maudie Trowbridge, No Remark
and a considerable number of other horses which have
developed into satisfactory winners and performers of
more than ordinary merit. At the same time it must be
noted that Mr. Trowbridge does not belong to the class
of horsemen who are satisfied with their possessions.
On the contrary, he is a close student of the performance
of horses, the characteristics developed by various strains
and is a judicious purchaser of blooded stock from other
establishments for the purpose not only of enriching his
breeding stud, but of reinforcing his racing stable.

It has often been said by the numerous friends and ad-
mirers of Mr. Trowbridge that everything he touches
turns to success. This would indeed be the impression
derived from a survey of his record during the quarter of
a century that he has been identified with the racing
world and the breeding of the thoroughbred horse. In
fact, it is to be regretted that the brief space at our com-
mand restricts the account of a career that has been filled
with interesting and even exciting details. Mr. Trow-
bridge has been a factor in American racing so long and
has been identified with events of such importance in
this connection that his full history would give reniinis-
cences of nearly all the notabilities, human and equine,
that our turf has seen for nearly a generation. It can only
be said here that throughout his career he has ever
exhibited a conservatism that has been a valuable assist-
ance in his success, and that he has always preserved his
position by a strict adherence to legitimate methods, while
his integrity has been ever proverbial.

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Cominii' from a Wl'sIciii lamily Uiat lor scvLTal gen-
erations has been conspicuously identified witii race
iiorses, Mr. H. Eugene Leigh lias been one of tlie most
notable figures upon tiie turf in recent years. He was
born at Taylorsville, Ciiristian County, ill., August 25,
i860. Central and Southern Illinois has always been
noted as a great horse section of the country and has
held an interest in racing from the time of its earliest
settlement. It is near enough to Kentucky to have
early felt the turf influence emanating from that home of
the thoroughbred. Qiiar-
ter racing was one of the
common forms of sport
thereabouts, and for a
generation or more was
quite as popular as it
ever was in the South
in the old colonial days.
Speedy animals, espe-
cially trained for such
short contests, were held
in high favor, and races
between them were a
favorite local pastime.
Everybody indulged in
these sports, and it was
the height of the ambi-
tion of every youngster,
as soon as he was able
to maintain his seat on a
horse, to have a mount.

Before he had fully
entered his teens, Mr.
Leigh had achieved a
substantial reputation as
a rider. He had a nat-
ural gift for horses and
from his constant asso-
ciation with them ac-
quired a knowledge
more full and more re-
liable than it is the for-
tune of many men to
have even through a
long lifetime. At an age
when most boys are studying their primers he made his
first start in trading horses, and when he was only
twelve years of age, such was the confidence placed in
his ability and good judgment that his father, who was
an extensive dealer, sent him all the way from Illinois
to Buffalo, N. Y., with a string of horses to sell. It
is needless to say that he was fully successful in executing
this commission.

In 1873, when he was only thirteen vears of age, Mr.

H. EUGENE LEIGH

Leigh entered upon his racing experience. He started
at the foot of the ladder, being engaged as exercise boy
for Mr. William Emmet, and the experience gained in
this and similar positions that he occupied for a year or
two undoubtedly gave him a substantial foundation for
his future great success. With Mr. Emmet's stable he
remained for a single year and then went out as an exer-
cise boy and jockey for Mr. Daniel De Camp, a famous
old quarter horse man in Illinois. The youngster had
become quite well known by this time and already had

a large personal follow-
ing among the frequen-
ters of the race courses
in that section. The
first thoroughbred that
he ever rode was Hark-
away by Enquirer, a
horse that was owned
by Mr. De Camp and
run at country fairs in
the West and North-
west. Harkaway was
then three years old and
with him Leigh won
many races. He also
rode Gilstar by Gilroy to
many a successful finish.
As a light weight jockey,
he could not long keep
his place for he soon be-
gan to take on too much
flesh. So he was obliged
to separate from Mr. De
Camp in 1878 and went
into the business of
training, in which he
was successful from the
outset, although he was
then only eighteen years
of age. He joined the
staff of Mr. Isaac Staples,
at Stillwater, Minn., in
1879, and for him han-
dled several horses of
good reputation, like
Governor Neptune, Athelestane and Florence Payne.

The stable of Mr. Staples was then considered the
best in that part of the country, and during the four
years that he was with that owner Mr. Leigh met with
good success. About 1884, he joined the staff of Colonel
W. S. King, of Minneapolis, and began to appear on the
big tracks. Among his other exploits was taking La
Belle N'., the dam of La Joya, to Chicago. Afterwards he
had charge of the horses belonging to Colonel R. C.

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Pate, the St. Louis rac-
ing man, in wiiose string
were Monogram, Conl^-
lin, Clay Pate, King
Kyrle, Editor and nu-
merous otlier good ones.
Several of the horses in
this string were of stake
calibre, and with them
he was successful in
winning some notable
races. Clay Pate carried
off the American Stallion
Stakes in 1885, and Mon-
ogram won the Cincin-
nati Hotel Handicap the
same year, in 1885, with
Editor, at Latonia, Mr.
Leighwon the Springbok

Stakes and the Falsetto Stakes, beating Troubadour.
In 1887, Mr. Leigh began business for himself,
coming to the conclusion that he had worked quite
long enough for others. He started in with two
good mares, La Belle N. by Reform and Alemeda
by Springbok. Meeting with fair success, he was
soon able to buy such horses as Avery, Rambler,
Lucy Johnston, Bankrupt and Quotation and won
numerous races with them. Rambler, who was then
a two-year old, was the horse that, more than any
other, established the foundation for his future suc-
cess. In his first year he came East, but did not
find himself strong enough, and therefore returned
to the West, where he generally met with success.
For several years his racing was principally in
Chicago and New Orleans. In 1889, he united with
Mr. George Hankins, and the combination had
one of the most formidable strings that had ever

been got together. They had Santalene, Wheeler
T., Little Minch, Huntress, Terra Cotta, Egmont,
Orderly, Jacobin, Macbeth II., Robespierre, Lela
May, Rambler, Bankrupt, Quotation, Martin Rus-
sell, Joe Blackburn, Lucy Johnston, Kaloolah,
Duke of the Highlands and Pessara. With these
horses the aggregation swept everything before it
in the West. Robespierre won for them ihe
Tennessee Derby at Memphis, the Cumberland
prize at Nashville, and ran second to Riley in the
Kentucky Derby. Pessara won the Breeders'
Futurity and other stakes. Huntress carried off
the Kentucky Ja. k Pot Stakes.

Coming East the firm cut a considerable figure
in racing on the metropolitan tracks, and finally,
in the fall of 1889, dissolved partnership. Mr.
Leigh retained Rambler and several of the year-
'' lings that the firm had

owned. In the bunch
were Pedestrian, Ir-
regular, Azrael, Gam-
bler and Arrowgrass,
the latter being the dam
of the famous sprinter,
Zanone. With this
new stable, Mr. Leigh
started out for himself.
He established his stable
principally at Gutten-
berg, where he raced
for several winters,
Rambler, Inferno,
Gambler, Ma Belle, Az-
rael, Caledonia and
Eleanor, being his most
important performers.

BEN BRUSH

255

THE AMERICAN TURF

He had some stirring experiences, especially at Guttenberg
and Sheepshead Bay, and infused tiie Eastern turf with
a liveliness such as it had not known for many years
before.

For the next two years Mr. Leigh devoted himself
entirely to the East, dividing his time between Brighton
Beach, Buffalo and Guttenberg. His stable rapidly
became one of the most famous in the country and was
phenomenally successful. The biggest year that he
ever had was in the winter of '91-92, when his horses
won 100 races at Guttenberg. In the fall of 1892, he
bought Clifford, then a two-year old, but the subse-
quently fiimous horse was successful in winning only a
single race for him that year. in 1893, his stable
included Clifford, Pedestrian, Ducat, Ferrier, Ma Belle,
Rambler, Chant, Lazzarone, La Belle, Handspun and
Urania. This year he transferred his operations from
the East to the West, and his string won in stakes and
purses fully $100,000. Clifford carried off the Phoenix
Hotel States, the Latonia Prize, and one other fixed
event at the Kenton County track.

From Latonia, Clifford was taken to Chicago to run
for the $50,000 World's Fair Derby. The story of that
race has often been told and has not yet been forgotten.
For nearly two hours Starter Pettingill kept the horses
at the post before he let them off, and as a result Clifford
was so worn out before the flag was dropped that he
only succeeded in running third. A few weeks later,
■however, he had his revenge when he met the Derby
winner. Boundless, at the Hawthorne course. Although
the son of Bramble had up 122 pounds, while Boundless
carried only 98 pounds, the former was easily successful.
During this Hawthorne meeting Clifford made a brilliant
record for himself Started fourteen times, he won 1 3
races, including the famous sweepstakes, in which he
defeated Lamplighter and Yo Tambien. Thirteen stakes
were run at the Hawthorne meeting and the Leigh
Stable captured 9 out of the 10 in which it had entries.

The following year Mr. Leigh had a great season both
East and West. His stable included the horses that he
had in the previous year as already enumerated, in the
fall of that year, however, he made up his mind to give
up racing and sold out complete at Sheepshead Bay, his
2} horses, bringing him the sum of $80,900, Clifford
sellingfor $25,000 and Ducat $10,000. In this sale went
Lazzarone, who the following year won the Subur-
ban. In the spring of 1895, Mr. Leigh formed a-
partnership with Mr. Edward Brown, and the firm
owned Ben Brush, who won many of the great stakes
of the West, earning for his owners $14,000. They sold
the colt the same year to Mr. M. F. Dwyer for $18,000,
and in 1897 he was successful in the Suburban, the
second Leigh horse to win that event.

Beginning with 1895, Mr. Leigh devoted much time

to breeding at his La Belle Stud, located about seven
miles from Lexington, Ky., in Fayette County, on the
Louisville and Nashville Railroad. The estate consists of
467 acres of the best land to be found anywhere in Ken-
tucky. It is well watered and the pasturage is perfect.
Mr. Leigh improved the place with all modern con-
veniences for the perfect breeding of thoroughbreds, and
there are no establishments in the country that are
better equipped, even though some are larger in extent.
La Belle Stud has accommodations for 200 horses and
its outfit consists of twenty-five different stables, resi-
dences and other buildings. At the head of the stud
has stood Bramble by imported Bonnie Scotland out of
Ivy Leaf by imported Australian, the sire of Rambler,
Clifford and Ben Brush. Bramble has not had many
rivals as a sire. With him have stood Woodbine and
Forester, son of imported The lU-Used.

The La Belle matrons make a distinguished company.
All of them have been winners, or the dams of winners.
They include Arrowgrass, the dam of Zanone; Boabdilla,
the dam of Carnage and Yours Truly; Forethought, the
dam of Fischer and Provident; Lady Wayward, the dam
of Carlsbad; Lady Ballard, the dam of Lady Looram;
North Anna, the dam of George F. Smith; Libbie L. , the
dam of Arrezzo; Perhaps, the dam of Reckon; Cale-
donia, Daisy Woodruff, La Belle, Ma Belle and a score
of others. Some notable horses have been bred at La
Belle, and the success of the establishment has demon-
strated Mr. Leigh's peculiar fitness for that business.
His life with thoroughbreds, from the time that he began
his racing career as a mere youngster, has give him an
expert knowledge of the animals such as is possessed by
but very few other men. He, himself, is very frank to
say that he believes that he would be a rank failure
should he try any other pursuit. Racing and breeding
is his business, born in him, as it were, since all the
members of his family were in some way connected
with horses.

It was scarcely to be expected, however, that Mr.
Leigh should be contented to confine himself to his
breeding establishment, notwithstanding the attractions
that he found in that pursuit. His success as an owner
has been of a character as to make it well nigh impossible
for him to forego that indulgence. He is, therefore, still
to be found upon the turf with a large and excellent
stable. The performers that he has had recently in train-
ing include over twenty, principally two-year olds. He
has in this string the three-year olds Fixed Star by
Amphion out of Starlight, and Pacemaker by Kantaka
out of Debut. His two-year olds include nine colts and
fillies by Kantaka; two Bramble fillies; several colts by
King Alfonso, Bersan and Perblaze; fillies by Hanover,
Iroquois, Kingston, Devotee and Perblaze, and a chest-
nut gelding by St. George.

256

THE AMERICAN TURF

WILLIAM EASTON

PRESIDENT AND AUCTIONEER, THE EASTON COMPANY

257

THE AMERICAN TURF

THE AMERICAN TURF

The system of gre;it public sales of thoroughbred
stock that has originated within a few years past, has
already proved to be a most important instrument in
bringing about a desired and necessary improvement in
these matters. Public sales that not long ago were en-
tirely unknown have now attained the importance of
great public functions and attract the attention of the en-
tire American people. The advantages derived from
the present system are too obvious to call for extended
consideration in this connection. It would not be doing
justice to the subject, however, or to those who have
been instrumental in instituting the present methods, if
we should neglect to point out the very great influence
that these sales have had in bringing about the increased
prosperity of the business of thoroughbred breeding that
has already become such a pronounced feature of the
turf history of the closing years of the century. The
close connection between the breeding establishments
and these public sales of their stock is of vastly more im-
portance than is sometimes recognized.

That thereby the market has been greatly developed
and improved, and, therefore, the business made more
profitable and placed upon a more stable foundation,
cannot for a moment be doubted. This, however,
while it is the primary benefit derived from the new or-
der of things by those especially interested, is not the
only advantage accruing therefrom. Not alone do the
breeding establishments see their profits increased as a
result of the higher prices which, thanks to this system,
they are now able to obtain. Other advantages accrue,
also. The entire racing public is brought closer to-
gether, and business relations are established and re-
newed between the horsemen of different sections, who
are thus enabled, more than ever, to take council of each
other and derive advantage from intimate association.
Finally, but in no manner least in importance, these
events have tended to attract that large class of people
of wealth and leisure whose support and active partici-
pation as owners of thoroughbred horseflesh are im-
peratively necessary in order to insure the prosperity
of the turf.

In this notable and important development of one
branch of turf affairs no man has had more active and
influential part than Mr. William Easton, President of the
Easton Company. Accorded the distinction of being a
foremost representative of his profession, Mr. Easton is
also universally credited with having elevated the
auctioneering of high-class animals to the rank of a fine
art. The pre-eminent reputation that he has attained
arises not merely from the fact that his qualifications for
the profession which he adorns are of a special and re-
markable character, but also results from the possession
by him of general business talent of the highest charac-
ter that would undoubtedly make him successful in any

pursuit that he might have been inclined to follow.
Added to this is the special qualification that he has of
possessing a knowledge of the horse as the legitimate
I'esult of life-long study and experience.

Mr. Easton comes of an ancient family of the West of
England. The original form of the family name, as set
down in the old records, is Aeshton, meaning ash-tree,
and an ash-tree is the family crest. Records of the
family preserved in the British Museum show that it ex-
isted as far back as the year 481. Some of Mr. Easton's
ancestors came to this country in early colonial days.
One of them served with General Washington during
the War of the Revolution, and was afterward attorney-
general of one of the New England States. Another was
Governor of Rhode Island, and after another one, who
settled in Pennsylvania, the town of Easton in that State
was named. The grandfather of Mr. Easton was the
confidential agent of the Duke of Wellington, for many
years before the battle of Waterloo and subsequent to
that event. On his mother's side Mr. Easton has rela-
tionship to Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase, and is also
connected with the Seymours, Bonds and other well-
known families of central and southern New York.

Born in Geneseo, Livingston County, N. Y., October
8, 1846, Mr. Easton was sent to England to be edu-
cated, and studied at a famous school at Clifton. He also
received instruction from a private tutor, who prepared
him for the examinations required for admission as an
officer into the British cavalry service. He was ambi-
tious to enter upon military life, but family reasons ulti-
mately induced him to abandon this intention of becom-
ing a soldier. Turning his attention to the pro-
fession of law, he applied himself to that study
for the customary five years, part of this time
being passed in the office of one of the leading
legal firms of London. After that he entered and
took chambers in the Middle Temple, this step being
preparatory to his admission to the bar, the recognized
highest professional pursuit in England. Circumstances
made it necessary for him to reconsider his purpose of
entet^ing upon the practice of the legal profession, and
while a good lawyer may thus have been lost, the busi-
ness world gained an important addition. He married
a lady whose family has been for over two centuries
resident at that great historic centre of racing and thor-
oughbred horse interests, Newmarket, her father having
been a magistrate for Cambridgeshire and Suffolk,
and a Lord Lieutenant of the county. Immediately after
his marriage Mr. Easton determined to come to the
United States, and this was the turning point of his
whole career.

From his earliest youth the chief inclinations of Mr.
Easton were for horses and outdoor sports of all kinds.
As a young man he was noted as a good all around

259

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athlete, and he also had an exceptionally high reputation
as a cross country rider, having frequently ridden over
some of the most famous steeplechase courses of the
old country. As an owner of horses his experiences
were both considerable and successful, and he has long
been known as one of the most enthusiastic turfmen of
this generation. Both in England and in the United
States he has been prominent on the race course, his
colors being white and blue hoops, with red cap.
Among the horses which have at various times repre-
sented him on the track, the one who achieved the
greatest fame was probably imported Sweet Home, who,
after she was retired from the turf, became especially
well known as the dam of Major Domo and of other
horses of high reputation. Blue Lodge, Mrs. Chubbs,
imported Astoria, imported The Fop, imported Golden
Dawn, and imported Bassetlaw, are other distinguished
performers that have successfully carried his colors on
many race courses.

He has also been greatly interested in importing.
From time to time he has brought into the United States
many of the most noted English stallions and brood
mares, who, in breeding establishments, have made a
deep impression through their sons and daughters upon
racing in this country. Some notable commissions to
purchase thoroughbreds abroad have been entrusted to
him by leading American turf men. Thus he gave to
the late Mr. August Belmont and to Mr. James R. Keene,
as well as to others, the benefit of his sound knowledge
of thoroughbreds, especially in England. The breeding
establishments of Mr. Belmont and Mr. Keene were
greatly enriched by the brood mares that he selected for
them on his special trip to England in their interests.
His purchases for Mr. Keene, for example, amounted to
some f 100,000.

In 1879, when the American Horse Exchange was
established by a corporation of wealthy New Yorkers,
Mr. Easton became the managing director and auction-
eer. After several years of successful business with
that establishment he severed his connection with it and
founded the National Horse and Cattle Exchange, with
paddocks at Hunt's Point. Subsequently he formed
Tattersall's of New York (Limited), which concern in
the course of time absorbed the National Horse and
Cattle Exchange, and the well known business of Brass-
field & Co., of Lexington, Ky., as well as that of Emery
& Fasig, of Cleveland, Ohio. Of this organization Mr.
Easton was manager and auctioneer from 1890 until 1894.
Resigning this position in the latter year he again became
connected with the American Horse Exchange, but, in
1895, made a more decided departure when he organ-
ized The Easton Company, of which he is now President
and auctioneer. The offices of this company are in New
York City, while its extensive sale paddocks are at

Sheepshead Bay, Long Island, desirably located directly
opposite the main entrance to the Coney Island Jockey
Club track. The whole establishment is altogether
modern in conception and detail. In fact, it displays to
the fullest extent those original ideas as to the handling
of consignments and the favorable exhibition of horses
which has been a leading element in Mr. Easton's suc-
cess, and on account of which the foremost breeders
of the country so generally entrust their stock to his
care for sale. All consignments made to the Faston
Company are under the care of thoroughly reliable horse-
men, and unremitting pains are taken to preserve and to
improve the condition of stock before it is brought to
the block, thereby adding greatly to its salable value.

In his professional capacity Mr. Easton has taken a
leading part in some of the most notable business trans-
actions that have ever occurred in the racing history of
the United States. As an auctioneer he has a masterly
knowledge of the points of a horse, which he never fails
to properly set forth. His memory is remarkable, and his
personal acquaintance with turfmen, breeders and busi-
ness men is of the widest description. Added to this he
enjoys the advantage of a wonderfully musical voice and
a manner that puts him into friendly relations with his
audience. Some of the prices obtained at sales where he
has officiated have never been equaled. Such examples
as those of St. Blaise for $100,000; King Thomas, $38,-
000; Bolero, $35,000; Hastings, $37,000; Rayon D'Or,
$33,000; Galore, $30,000; Requital, $26,000, Viola, dam
of Victory, $20 500; imported Candlemas, $15,000; im-
ported Order, $26,000, and Victorine, $10,000, during
some of the worst periods of racing, speak for themselves.
The sale of St. Blaise will long be remembered. The auc-
tioneer then faced one of the most notable gatherings of
turfmen, owners, breeders, lawyers, bankers, brokers,
merchants, millionaires and professional men ever
brought together for such a purpose in America, and the
bidding, which began at $25,000, was almost abruptly
brought to a close by Mr. Charles Reed offering $100,000.
It is, however, not merely in these sensational incidents
that Mr. Easton's skill and knowledge are displayed.
The same attention to detail of every kind that can
enhance the value of the subjects is displayed where
ordinary stock is entrusted to his charge, and it has been
said that he can obtain a far higher average price than-
any auctioneer in the country.

Mr. Easton is a man of original ideas. His career has
been an exhibition of pluck and determination even
when the condition of turf affairs has been most dis-
couraging. His opinion is that New York is the best
place for sales of thoroughbreds, and he has suggested
to the breeding interest the importance of selling all
yearlings in two great sales to be held in the metropolis
each spring and autumn.

261

THE AMERICAN TURF

FRANCIS M. WARE

TREASURER, MANAGING DIRECTOR AND AUCTIONEER, THE AMERICAN HORSE EXCHANGE, LIMITED

262

THE AMERICAN TURF

When the Amencnn Horse Exchange was incorporated
in 1879, the facilities that then existed for disposing of
high class horses in the United States were of a some-
what primitive description. The private bargaining,
the occasional isolated sales of racing stables, or the prod-
duct of stock farms afforded only an inadequate means
of distribution. In considering the situation, those who
were especially interested recognized that the concentra-
tion of this business, which seemed to be imperative,
could hardly be accomplished if it should be left to
purely private enterprise. Everybody conceded the
force of this proposition. All consideration of the sub-
ject started with the vital proposition that it was imper-
atively necessary that any organization which could
reasonably hope to secure the patronage of owners of
horses and the leading breeders in the business of dis-
posing of their animals and at the same time invite the
confidence of the public in making purchases, must be
in the hands of people of the highest standing.

The situation was peculiar. There was an abiding
distrust in the minds of everybody of the ordinary horse
dealers, who had hitherto possessed a monopoly of the
business. The demand for reform in horse selling
methods, as well as the necessity for more thorough
and comprehensive arrangements than had hitherto ob-
tained, seemed to remove at once any possibility of per-
mitting the business to remain longer in the hands of
private individuals, some of whom, it was well known,
were scarcely of a responsible character. Any other at-
tempt than that proposed of enlisting the co-operation
of the substantial men of the community would
be, it was felt, no better than leaving the business to
continue a matter of private bargaining, or intrusting its
large and growing interests to ordinary horse dealers.-
With the growth of the business side of racing and
breeding that had already began to exhibit itself in all
parts of the country, capital on a large scale was impera-
tively requisite, not only to insure the success of the en-
terprise that was contemplated, but also to inspire in the
minds of both sellers and buyers, that confidence which
must always be a chief element in the usefulness of any
concern which should undertake to supply the want in
question.

At this juncture several gentlemen of the highest social
standing in New York, who were more or less interested
in horseflesh, took the matter under serious considera-
tion. After mature deliberation they concluded to em-
bark in the enterprise, wholly influenced by their desire
to advance the interests of a business that appealed to all
classes in the community. In 1879, the American Horse
Exchange was incorporated, an organization that in its
almost twenty years of existence has done an impor-
tant work in raising the standard of horseflesh in the
whole country and in bringing the breeding of thorough-

breds and other high grade animals to a position where
it is now recognized as one of the substantial and prof-
itable industries of the United States The role of incor-
porators of the Exchange included the names of such
gentlemen as Messrs. William K. Vanderbilt, Freder-
ick W. Vanderbilt, August Belmont, Jr., Frederick
Bronson, the Hon. George Peabody Wetmore, Colonel
William Jay, and others equally well known in the social
and financial world. It is needless to say that the
identification of gentlemen of such standing with the
enterprise placed it upon substantial footing at the out-
set, and fully established it in the confidence of breeders,
owners and the general public.

Under such eminently favorable auspices the American
Exchange was established and soon became a power in
the particular field that it occupied. The enterprise and
wisdom of those who were the guiding spirit of the new
organization was promptly shown by the erection for its
headquarters and place for sales of the spacious building
that covered the block between Broadway and Seventh
Avenue and Fiftieth and Fifty-first Streets. For more
than a decade and a half this building was the centre
of some of the most important sales movements in
New York. In the course of time it became a most
influential factor in stimulating breeding in all parts of
the country and in meeting the needs of prospective
buyers of horses. In June, 1896, the original building was
destroyed by fire. This was promptly replaced by a new
and imposing structure.the perfection of whose equipment
in every detail, no less than its accessibility, render it a
truly ideal place for holding sales of high grade stock.

Long ago the American Horse Exchange became an
established institution, not only of New York, but of the
entire country as well. Breeders from all sections, pro-
fessional horsemen, and, in fact, all classes interested in
horseflesh, have fully recognized the well nigh invalu-
able facilities that it offers for the purpose for which it
was incorporated. The associations connected with the
place are of a very notable character, and its history
would be in a sense a large part of the history of one of
the most important sides of the horse business in the
United States. Some of the most notable transactions
that have ever taken place in connection with horses
have been witnessed within its walls. It is, however,
perhaps sufficient to say that it has become to the
horse world in this country what the celebrated Tatter-
sails of England is to the English turf.

Not alone has the Exchange been of service to breed-
ers of the thoroughbred racing horse. Its facilities have
contributed much to advance the interests of breeders of
fancy stock, of the high quality that is now so much in
demand for purposes of pleasure. As the annual horse
shows held in New York have partaken more and more
of the character of a national fete of the world of wealth

263

THE AMERICAN TURF

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and fashion in the United States, the ensuing sales of
stock that has been exhibited at the great gatherings
have been mote than ordinary attractions. These, almost
without exception, have been held at the American
Horse Exchange. The hackney and the modern high
stepper, while far removed from the thoroughbred, are,
nevertheless, infinitely above the ordinary class of
equines, and it is through familiarity with them that
many of the present leading owners on the turf have ob-
tained their tlrst start toward a racing career. The
trotter has also a special department in the business of
the Exchange and the largest sales of that variety of the
horse occur East and West under its direction.

The management of the American Horse Exchange has
performed a great work. The public has been enabled to
tind the kind of animals it wants with a minimum of
trouble, and our breeders confidently rely upon obtaining
the highest possible prices for their offerings. The facili-
ties for intending purchasers are of the best description
and, with the high plan on which the Exchange is con-
ducted, attract the best class of purchasers to be found at
any horse mart of the world. Facilities for keeping and
exhibiting consignments are of the best, and nearly every
breeder of consequence in the country has sooner or later
entrusted his produce to its hands for sale. Auction
sales are held with great frequency East and West, and
the Exchange also holds sales at the tracks. It also
purposes to erect large sales paddocks, offering to its
consignors the choice of the city arena or of the paddocks.
A feature of its business is its foreign connection. It
inaugurated in 1S97. the shipping of yearlings to England
for disposal, with a consignment of some forty head
from one of America's leading thoroughbred nurseries.

The officers of the American Horse Exchange are: Mr.
W. K. Vanderbilt, President; Mr. E. L. Winthrop, Jr.,
Secretary, and Mr. F. M. Ware, Treasurer, Managing
Director and Auctioneer. Although a native of Cam-
bridge, Mass., where he was born Feb. 3, 1859, '^r.
Ware's early days were passed near Pimlico, Md., then
one of the great centres of racing in the United States.
There he was in consequence thrown into the society of
some of the most notable horsemen of those days and
imbibed a love for the sport that has never deserted him,
while he also laid the foundation of a sound knowledge
of all that concerns the thoroughbred. As a mere lad he
became known as a skilful and fearless gentleman jockey,
and when only sixteen years of age rode at Pimlico, as
well as at Boston and Newport, R. 1., his mounts being
both on the flat and in hurdle races.

At the age of seventeen, Mr. Ware returned to Boston
and entered Harvard University, from which institution
he graduated in the class of 1879. While pursuing his
studies at Harvard he had, however, retained his inter-
ests in horses, and in his leisure moments bought and

265

sold them to some extent, his judgment regarding ani-
mals and his knowledge of values in that connection be-
ing unusually accurate. When his college course was
completed he regularly went into the business of dealing
in horses in Boston, and was thus very largely instru-
mental in increasing the taste for sport and improving
the class of horses owned in that city. While thus en-
gaged he rode frequently in events mainly of a semi-
public character. In 1886, however, he was in Chey-
enne, Wyoming, and took a leading part in a meet
there, held under the auspices of the wealthy ranchmen
and horse breeders of that district, with many of whom
he had business relations. The principal event was a
race for the Cheyenne Club Cup, valued at $1,500, in
which there were no less than seventeen starters repre-
senting the pick of the horses from all over that portion
of the West, making it one of the most important events
that had occurred in' that section. The distance was i}(
miles, and Mr. Ware, riding Climax, won the race after
an exciting struggle in very fast time.

While in business in Boston, Mr. Ware for several
years campaigned horses at the fairs held throughout
Massachusetts, Maine, New Hampshire and the various
British Provinces. In 1891 and 1892, he was interested
in a string of which Parolina and Lucre were the prin-
cipal members, and raced them at the Guttenberg and
Gloucester tracks with considerable success. He has a
wide acquaintance among the notable horsemen and
breeders of the country, and is one of the most popular
men in his own specialty, or, indeed, in the whole
turf field. At the same time he has frequently been
called upon to act in an official capacity at various race
meetings, particularly in New England, where the
meets are to a large extent society functions rather than
public gatherings and where he is widely known
among the best class of people. He has thus officiated
as starter at the Country Club races, held at Brookline,
Mass., and also at the Newport, R. I., races, which are
attended by the very elite of society. In later years he has
been starter at the Parkway track, Brooklyn, during the
meetings of runners held there; at the first meeting at
Providence, R. I. ; at the Franklin Park meeting, Boston,
and at other places. Another of his official posts has
been that of secretary of the Steeplechase Hunt and Pony
Racing Association, a body of considerable importance
in connection with a branch of sport that is receiving
increased public attention, and for two years he was of-
ficial starter of that association. For the past four years
he has made New York City his permanent headquarters
and has been identified with the American Horse Ex-
change. In this corporation the duties of his post as
treasurer, managing director and auctioneer, are of a
nature that he is eminently qualified to fill, by reason of
experience, business ability and personal popularity.

THE AMERICAN TURF

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266

OWNERS

AND

TRAINERS

OWNERS AND TRAINERS

Southern Gentlemen Early Prominent on the Turf — The Washingtons, Hamptons, and Other
Historic Racing Families— Distinguished Old Time Turfmen of the
North — Some Modern Horsemen.

*IME and space would both fail if an attempt
should be made to enumerate in any complete
sense the names of all the gentlemen of distinc-
? tion who have been connected with the Ameri-
can turf as owners and trainers since the practical begin-
ning of the sport in a systematic manner in the middle of
the eighteenth century. As has already been pointed
out in these pages, the list includes the names of those
who have been prominent in every walk in society and
who have been influential in contributing to the upbuild-
ing and in advancing the welfare of this ' ' sport of kings.
It is quite true that the sentiment of certain sections of
the country has always frowned upon racing, while often
even in those localities which have been most devoted to
the interests of the thoroughbred the sport has fallen
somewhat into disfavor on account of adverse conditions.
Nevertheless, on the whole, for a century and a half it
has stood high in the estimation of the best classes in
the community, and has developed into an important and
wholesome national institution.

Going back to Revolutionary days, we find that just
before that great struggle of the colonies with the mother
country the American turf was practically in the hands
of wealthy gentlemen, chiefly planters, in the Southern
States, whose names will forever emblazon its annals.
With the achievement of independence the same gentle-
men again turned their attention to racing, which natur-
ally had been ignored during the time when men's minds
were engrossed with the superior demands of patriotism.
In the post-Revolutionary times governors, councillors,
legislators and gentlemen of wealth devoted themselves
again to the fullest extent to the enjoyments of the turf.
In Maryland, as colony and State, racing took the lead as
an indulgence of the aristocratic and wealthy classes, and
the first gentlemen of the land there, as well as in the
neighboring States of Virginia and South Carolina, owned
and ran their own race horses. Among these early turf-
men were the two Governors Ogle, father and son, the
two Colonels Lloyd, the younger being at one time Gov-
ernor, and Governors Sharpe, Wright, Ridgely, Sprigg
and others, also of Maryland.

In the middle of the eighteenth century and after,
every succeeding Governor of the State seemed to con-
sider it part of his official duty to maintain a racing stable
and to be represented in all the turf events of the day.

Governor Benjamin Ogle, as we have already seen, was
a large importer of thoroughbreds, and succeeding gov-
ernors emulated him in this respect. Governor Ridgely
was especially distinguished as being the owner of the
famous horse Tuckahoe, that ran in the early part of the
nineteenth century, and Governor Sprigg is in turf annals
better known as the owner of Partnership than as the
Governor of his State. In Virginia, before the Revolu-
tion, Colonel Byrd, of Westover; Colonel Tayloe, of
Mount Airy; Colonel Thornton, of Northumberland, and
their associates were leaders of the turf. In the next
generation came Colonel John Tayloe, Colonel Sheldon,
Colonel Hoomes and Messrs. Hoskins, Moseby, Worms-
ley and others.

The list of the turfmen of the early part of the nine-
teenth century is a brilliant one. It includes the names
of hundreds of eminent citizens, several of whom have
already been considered, while we must add to the list
General Wade Hampton and his son, Colonel Wade
Hampton, Colonel William Washington, General Wynn,
General Davie, General McPherson, General Spottis-
woode. General Andrew Jackson, Colonel Taylor, Cap-
tain Harrison, Colonel Bond, Colonel Singleton, the two
Baylors, Dr. Thornton and a host of others, all good
men and true. General Coles, General William Jones
and Messrs. James De Lancey, C. R. Van Rantz, Town-
send Cox and others, of New York, were also contem-
porary. South of the James River, in Virginia, were
Messrs. Wilkes, the Honorable John Randolph and others,
while north of the James, as appears from the entries to
the great Sterling Sweepstakes at Fredericksburg, in
1803, were Colonel Miles Selden and Messrs. John
Hoomes, Alexander Spottiswoode, Thomas Goode, Law-
rence Washington, Lawrence Butler, Charles Stuart,
William Herndon, Turner Dixon, William Randolph,
John Armistead, Edward Carter, William T. Alexander,
William Wood, Benjamin Grymes, James Smock, James
Verell and William B. Hamlin, all of them distinguished
names in that period and afterward. The sweepstakes
on this occasion were won by Colonel Selden with La-
vinia by Diomed.

The following year Colonel Tayloe, in a sweepstakes,
beat Lavinia and Amanda with Topgallant, and won the
great sweepstakes at Fredericksburg with Caroline.
Maid of the Oaks appeared in this for her first race, and

269

THE AMERICAN TURF

bolted, losing the only race that she ever lost in Virginia.
She was one of the most talked of horses of the time,
and her contretemps on this particular occasion was the
gossip of the stables for many long weeks and months
thereafter. The gentlemen whose names have already
been given, with scores of others that might be worthily
added to the list, were conspicuous in the old time history
of running in America. It is important and agreeable to
recall their memories and to accord a just tribute to the
value of their labors in the infancy of the sport when
they guided its councils and gave their money to advance
its interests, with no expectation of return. Too much
emphasis cannot be laid upon the importance of the part
played during this formative period by these early turf
patrons, and it would be an agreeable task to fill pages
with recollections of them and their times.

It may seem almost invidious to single out particular
individuals for special reference from among the scores
and hundreds who were equally enthusiastic in their
attention to affairs of the early turf. But it cannot
escape notice that sporting activity in the early part of
the century was largely concentrated in and about Vir-
ginia, Maryland and the District of Columbia. The early
turf history of the City of Washington was particularly
brilliant, since affairs of government called to the Federal
capital the leading men from all parts of the country,
few of whom had not gained a knowledge of. and a
passion for, the race course in their own homes and
brought that predilection for sport with them. One of
the most prominent of these earlier followers of the turf
in Washington was the Honorable Gabriel Duvall, the
accomplished Justice of the United States Supreme Court,
who was a Revolutionary patriot and a contemporary of
George Washington and a lawyer and jurist of the high-
est social and professional reputation. To the end of an
exceedingly long life Judge Duvall was a prime sup-
porter of the turf, and was noted for the accuracy of his
remembrance concerning turf matters, including the
placing of the contesting horses in all the remarkable
races that had occurred in this country back to a period
long prior to the Revolution. Judge Duvall, who was
appointed to the Supreme Court by President Madison,
retained his vigor long after he had retired from office.
It is said that even when he had attained to old age he
continued the habit of riding on horseback from his resi-
dence to the race course in the vicinity of Washington,
a distance of twelve miles, witnessing the races and then
returning home in the saddle.

An amusing story was told concerning Judge Duvall
-that is well worth repeating, even though it has no direct
connection with the turf. When he was a member of
Congress at the time that the first Congresses sat in Phil-
adelphia, he boarded with a friend and fellow Congress-
man named Giles, in the house of a landlady whose

daughter had long passed the age of maturity without
having a chance to give up a life of single blessedness.
This maiden lady, who added garrulousness to the attrac-
tions of uncertain age, was naturally a subject of more
or less comment by those who sat at her mother's table,
and the two Congressmen had much sport at her expense
in the privacy of personal conversation. Years later,
when the former Congressional chums met in Washing-
ton, where one was Comptroller of the Treasury, under
President Madison, and the other had become one of the
most influential members of the United States Senate,
Giles, in recalling memories of the days that they had
spent together in Philadelphia, inquired of Duvall, "By
the way, what do you suppose has ever become of that

damned cackling old maid, Jenny G ?" He was a

little disconcerted when Judge Duvall turned to him and
said, in the most stately and courtly manner, "She is
Mrs. Duvall, sir."

Other leading men identified with early racing in
Washington were of similar calibre, socially and politi-
cally, to Judge Duvall. The racing meetings held there
were always distinguished by the presence and approba-
tion of the Presidents of the United States, from Jeffer-
son down to Van Buren, and by members of the Cab-
inets, Senators, Representatives, judges and other officials
of the Government, almost without exception. John
Quincy Adams, of Puritan origin though he was, did
not disguise his admiration for the thoroughbred horse
and his delight at seeing the noble animal extend himself
in trials of speed. Upon one occasion, while he was
occupying the highest office within the gift of the nation,
he walked out to the race course from the Presidential
mansion and then democratically trudged back again at
the end of the day's sport. President Andrew Jackson,
who had distinction as a breeder and owner of race horses
before he came to Washington, continued to maintain
his interest in the sport even after he became President.
It was not infrequent for him in those days to enter a
horse from his own establishment, the name of his pri-
vate secretary. Major Donaldson, being used for the occa-
sion as a concession to the prejudices of those who might
think it beneath the dignity of the President of the United
States to race horses in his own name. From the gossip
of the capital in this early period it is also a matter of
record that Old Hickory was much disappointed because
his horse was defeated in one of these races by imported
Langford, a horse belonging to Commodore Robert F.
Stockton, the defeat giving him more concern even than
some of his political troubles.

Conspicuous in the turf annals of the South on the
revival of racing after the Revolution were General
Wade Hampton and Colonel William Washington.
Both gentlemen were natives of Virginia, but removed
to South Carolina after the war. With Colonel William

270

THE AMERICAN TURF

Allston they went at once to a place at the head of the
turf of South Carolina. In 1786, and afterward. Colonel
Washington won the principal racing events with Ranger,
who was, however, beaten in 1788 by Comet, sonietimes
started by Colonel Allston and sometimes by General
Hampton. For several years these gentlemen. General
Sumter, the two McPhersons and Messrs. Fenwick,
Moultrie, Irving, Lynch, Burne, Ashe and Richardson
contended with each other, running their horses on the
Newmarket Course until the establishment of the Wash-
ington Course in 17Q2. A few years later Colonel Wash-
ington's Shark and Colonel McPherson's Commerce
became very celebrated for their brilliant victories, the
former acquiring the highest distinction. Comet held
his position firmly until he was beaten in 1800 by Maria.
dam of Lady Lightfoot. Maria was bred by Colonel John
Tayloe, of Virginia, for the express purpose of defeating
Comet. In this match she was started in the name of
General Hampton, who at that meeting had the unique
distinction of winning all the purses. Shark was a son
of the imported horse of the same name, his dam being
by Flimnap. His performances established the purity of
his blood. He was buried with distinguished honors at
the Jamesville Race Course, in Clarendon, near the coun-
try-seat of Colonel James B. Richardson, and a marble
slab, with suitable inscription, was erected over the spot
where his remains were deposited.

For two generations the name of Hampton was iden-
tified with the most brilliant episodes of the early Amer-
ican turf. The senior of the house, General Wade
Hampton, was a representative of one of the oldest
colonial families of Virginia. With several of his broth-
ers he served in the Revolutionary Army, first under Gen-
eral Sumter, and afterward himself in charge of a brigade,
and was also a general in the War of 1 812. He became
eminently distinguished in both wars, and also took a
leading part in the partisan controversies of his native
State. Upon the revival of racing in South Carolina after
the Revolution, having removed to that State, he was for
many years one of the most distinguished breeders and
turfmen in America, and that at a time when the turf
was at the height of its popularity from New York to
New Orleans. In the course of his career he trained and
ran Mogul, Lath, Hazzard, Patriot, Harpoon, Maria, Rat-
tle, Lady Bull, Highlander, Arabella, Dungannon, Mer-
chant, Omar, Caroline and others too numerous to men-
tion. Ugly, a very fortunate horse, bred by General
Sumter, was usually run by General Hampton, and was
a good four-miler. On one occasion after he had made
a capital race. Judge Huger, as he stood in the crowd
looking at him, remarked, "Who would have expected
such a performance from such an unpromising looking
animal!" General Hampton, overhearing the observa-
tion, replied, with characteristic quickness and perhaps

a little display of pique, " Perhaps, sir, you do not know
who trained him."

Colonel Wade Hampton, of South Carolina, son of
General Wade Hampton, rivaled his father in his enthu-
siasm for the turf and in the value of his services to the
institution to which he devoted much time, money and
intelligent labor. The period of his activity extended
over the second quarter of the century, down nearly to
the opening of the Civil War. His life and that of his
father, therefore, together covered the best part of the
first century of racing in the United States. Colonel
Hampton was born in 1791 and died in i8s8. He re-
ceived a princely fortune from his father, from whom he
also inherited surpassing shrewdness and sound judg-
ment in horses. The stable of Colonel Hampton com-
prised comparatively few horses, but he was a prominent
figure on the turf from the time that he first started
horses in his own name in 183s until the time of his
death. Exclusive of his winning races at mile heats, his
stable was successful in thirteen races at four-mile heats,
twelve at three-mile heats, and as many more at two-
mile heats.

Several of the best horses that he started were Lath,
Gadsden, Bay Maria, Charlotte Russe, Monarch, Emily,
Kitty Heath, Kate Seyton, Fanny, Margaret Wood and
Herald, besides others, as Argyle and The Queen, that
were not trained in his own stable. He was eminently
successful, not only as a breeder of fine blood stock, but
also in his importations. In 183s, he imported Monarch,
bred at Hampton Court, by King William of England.
At the same time he brought over six other horses; in
1836, The Queen and three others; in 1837, Sovereign
and five others, and in 1838, Delphine, the dam of
Monarch. Captain William A. Stewart was Colonel
Hampton's favorite trainer, while he employed as jock-
eys Willis, Craig, Welch and Gilpatrick. The racing
memoranda of the South Carolina Jockey Club spoke of
Colonel Hampton enthusiastically as " The impersonation
of Carolina chivalry, the embodied spirit of Carolina
blood and Carolina honor, one that may be looked upon
as the main contributor in our State for many seasons to
the legitimate end of racing, the improvement of our
breed of horses." Frank Forrester, in his Field Sports
of the United States, and British Provinces of North
America, referred to him as "the first sportsman of the
land."

The name of Colonel John Tayloe, of Mount Airy, Va.,
was a name to conjure by in the early years of the Amer-
ican turf. He has been frequently referred to as,
"Among the most brilliant ornaments of the turf in
those days of Auld Lang Syne." Contemporary with
Hampton, Washington, Allston and others, he has often
been placed at the head of the lists of " the most distin-
guished breeders and turfmen of America. ' ' After nearly

271

THE AMERICAN TURF

twenty years of active connection witii the turf he retired
in 1810. For nearly half a century descendants of his
stud at Mount Airy were the best race horses in the
country. He bred Sir Archy and his half-brother, He-
phestion, by Buzzard, Gallatin by Bedford, and the re-
nowned brood mares Alvilina, Peggy and Nancy Air.
American Eclipse, through Duroc, was descended from
his Gray Diomed by Medley. For years he was the
champion of Virginia opposed to General Ridgely, who
was at the head of the turf in Maryland. These two
turfmen encountered each other with varied success in
Annapolis, Baltimore and near Washington. From 1804
to i8oq. General Ridgley was successful in winning most
of the Jockey Club races in Maryland and near Washing-
ton City, his stable at that time being particularly strong,
consisting of Post Boy, Oscar and Maid of the Oaks.

Colonel Tayloe's advent upon the turf was with a few
horses that came to him by inheritance descended from
his father's famous race horse Yorick. He soon took a
decided lead with Belair, Calypso, Gray Diomed, Virago,
Maria and Leviathan, all of whom were among the best
race horses in the country in the last decade of the last
century. After the century post had been turned he
continued his triumphs with Gallatin, Cupbearer, Nancy
Air, Topgallant, Peacemaker and others. He also ran
Dragon with distinguished success, but after 1807 grad-
ually retired from the turf, which he quit entirely after
his victories with Lady Lightfoot and Revenge in 181 5-16.

The name of Major Thomas Doswell recalls bright
memories of the palmiest days of racing in the United
States. When he died in 1870, a connecting link between
the present and the earliest generation of the American
turf was broken. At the time of his death, which oc-
curred upon his estate, Bullfield, in Virginia, he was in
the seventy-eighth year of his age, having been born in
Newmarket, Hanover County, in 17Q2. His turf career
commenced in 1824, and the first race horses that he
owned were John Swedon, Sir John and Sylvester. With
Sir John he won several races, the most notable being
a three-mile heat in which he beat Colonel Richard
Graves' Red Lyon. An interesting story concerning this
race was one of the yarns that old turfmen used to de-
light in telling. The boy who was selected to ride Sir
John was taken off the day before because there were
suspicions that he intended to throw the race. A colored
man forty years old was selected for the mount, and, in
order to meet the exigencies of the case, in one night
reduced his weight fourteen pounds, and the next day
went in and won easily in two heats. In 182s, Major
Doswell's horse Liberator, by Director, won an important
four-mile race. During the ensuing five years the Major
was not prominent on the turf, but in 1830, he came out
with several good horses, including John Brown by Sir
Charles out of Sally Brown, and Sally Hornet by Sir

Charles out of a dam by Hornet. Subsequently he added
to his stable Bayard by Carolinian out of an imported
Bedford dam, and Pamunkyout of Atalanta by Sir Harry.
With Bayard and Sally Hornet he was very successful,
winning several good races in two and three-mile heats.

From that time on, until he retired from the turf, leav-
ing to his son, Thomas W. Doswell, the celebrated stable
that he built up, he was one of the most conspicuous
and most admirable figures among the turfmen of the
South. An account of the horses that he ran and the
races in which he participated and in most of which he
was successful, would be little short of a full account of
the American turf for fully thirty years after 1850. Be-
tween 1830 and 1840, he had in his stable Pizarro by
Alfred out of Eliza Horton; Moscow by Tariff out of a
Spread Eagle dam ; Camden, Martha Bickerton, Dandy,
Joe Tank, Oriflamme, a showy chestnut horse by Mon-
sieur Tonson out of a dam by Sir Hal, and other good
ones. In the ensuing ten years he was the owner of Hard
Cider, Seven Up, Emily Thomas, Sarah Washington,
Oriflamme, Tom Payne, Maria Shelton, Martha Bickerton
and others. Sarah Washington was counted one of the
best horses of her day, and had to her credit many good
races at two, three and four-mile heats, beating such
opponents as Andrewetta, Lady Clifden, Hector Bell and
others. In the stud she produced Oratrix, Inspector,
Escape, Sue Washington, Slasher, Fanny Washington
and others. Later additions to Major Doswell's string in
the same decade were Orator, Passenger, Thirteen of
Trumps, Mary Mason, Tom Walker, Nina, etc.

In i8s6. Major Doswell brought out Sue Washington,
who immediately began to win good races for him, and
in 1847 he brought out Slasher, who won all the races in
which he was entered in his first season, his winnings
for the year amounting to $15,200. In i8ss, the Doswell
Stables were augmented by the birth of Planet, Fanny
Washington and Lucy Haxall, all three of whom were
by Revenue, out of Nina, Sarah Washington and Virginia
Payne, respectively. These three horses were among
the most successful of their day, defeating all the great
cracks upon the Southern courses and frequently breaking
records. A year before the Civil War opened the Dos-
well Stables held Planet, Fanny Washington, Nicholas I.
and Exchequer for their main dependence, while many
others of lesser distinction were their stable companions.
This was the last year of Major Doswell's active partici-
pation in turf affairs, and it may be fairly said of him
that he left the turf in a blaze of glory. His four great
horses swept nearly the whole field before them in that
season of i860. Planet beginning by winning four-mile
heats at New Orleans, while Fanny Washington at the
same meeting won the Club Purse, three-mile heats, and
the Club Purse, four-mile heats, defeating in the formei-
Godiva, La Variete and Uncle Jeff, and in the latter La

272

THE AMERICAN TURF

Variete, Hndorser and John C. Breckinridge. At other
nieetings Fannv Washington, irena and Hxchequer car-
ried the Doswell colors to victory, while Rosa Bonhill
and other members of the stable also contiibuted their
part to its success.

As a devoted follower of the turf, a talented lawyer
and an able man of public affairs, there were few South-
erners of the antebellum days who were more influen-
tial, or whose lives were more tilled with activity in
every good cause that interested his fellow citizens than
Colonel Bailie Peyton. For more than threescore and ten
years he was thoroughly identified with the public and
social life of Tennessee, being a native of Sumner County,
in that State, and dying there in 1878. Tennessee was
almost a wilderness when he was born, and he grew up
to be one of the most energetic, courageous, and honest
pioneers of his day. Before he had attained his majority
he engaged in the practice of law, and, being an impres-
sive and forcible speaker, as well as a hard student, rap-
idly went into the front rank of his profession. He was
a typical Southerner, with easy and pleasant manners,
full of dash and energy, and thoroughly companionable
withal. In 1833, he was elected by his fellow citizens
to a seat in the national House of Representatives. His
career in that body was not long, and was remarkable
chiefly for his unswerving opposition to President
Andrew Jackson upon many of the political issues of
the time. General Jackson was then all powerful in
Tennessee, and Colonel Peyton's opposition, honest and
courageous though it was, resulted in his retirement to
private life. Nevertheless, he continued to be a warm
personal friend of General Jackson, and the closest social
relations existed between them.

Removing to New Orleans in 1836, Colonel Peyton
practiced his profession and afterward became District
Attorney. During the Mexican War he served as an aide
on the staff of General Zachary Taylor. In 1849, he was
appointed United States Minister to Chili, and upon the
expiration of his term of office settled in San Francisco
for a short time, but returned to Tennessee in 1856.
During the Civil War he was an outspoken Union man,
when it cost something to take that stand in the border
States. One of his sons was killed while serving in the
Confederate Army, and he himself was arrested and im-
prisoned by Union authorities, who mistrusted his patrio-
tism. Nevertheless, he never for a moment yielded in
his devotion to the Union cause. After the war was
over he was twice a member of the State Senate, and in
the last few years of his life lived the retired life of a
Southern gentleman upon his plantation.

From early manhood Colonel Peyton was devoted to
outdoor sports, particularly those of the turf. He was
absorbingly interested in the thoroughbred, and was as
well informed as any man in Kentucky upon that sub-

ject. Engaged in breeding to some extent, although not
as extensively as some of his contemporaries, he had a
small stable, and delighted in exploiting some of the
choicest specimens in blood, form and constitution that
his native State ever had to offer. Among the horses
that he owned at different times were Maria Shepherd,
Atalanta, Black Maria, Trifle and other good racers. After
they had retired from the turf, he bred Muggins, dam
Fanny McAlister; Cost Johnson, General Rousseau and
Chickamauga. At the time of his death he owned
Romping Girl, Panama, Summer Rose and other mares,
yearlings and weanlings. The turf of Tennessee and of
the country was richer by the attention that he gave to it
and bv the high standard of integrity and honesty by
which it was his constant struggle to have it measured.

Among the leaders of the turf in Virginia in the eight-
eenth century the princely Colonel William Byrd, of
Westover, on the James River, must be frequently re-
ferred to by the chronicler of the events of that period.
He received and profited by the best education that could
be had in England, being sent to that country to study,
as became his position as the son of one of the wealthiest
families of the colony. In the mother country he devel-
oped his tastes for literature and refined living and
returned home enthusiastically devoted to English sports
and habits of life. At Westover, which was one of the
substantial colonial homes of Virginia, he had his racing
stud, one of the finest libraries in the country and valu-
able works of art. He expended money generously in
support of the turf, and no man of his day had more
influence in the racing matters that pertained to the life
of the period.

An interesting anecdote is told of Colonel Byrd that
illustrates his character and is a revelation of his wealth.
When quite a young man at a club house in London he
met the Duke of Bolton, whose offer to bet ;^io,ooo on
the turn of a certain card, not being taken by the noble-
men and others of their set, was modestly accepted by
him. When the cards were turned Mr. Byrd proved to
be the winner. Without a word further the play went
on until the adjournment to supper. The Duke then
approached the young Virginian with the remark, " I
owe you, sir, ^10,000; but as you are a stranger to me
I must inform you of a rule here that we must know the
winner is able to pay, in case of his loss." "Avery
proper rule," replied Mr. Byrd, "and 1 will refer your
grace to my banker." He handed a note for the banker
to the Duke with the single inquiry: " Would you honor
my check in favor of the Duke of Bolton for ^10,000?"
Upon being applied to, the banker promptly answered,
" Not only for ^10,000, but for ten times the amount."
The responsibility of Mr. Byrd thus being fully estab-
lished beyond cavil, the Duke of course paid the money.
It is said that Mr. Byrd shortly thereafter left England for
■273

THE AMERICAN TURF

a tour on the Continent, and never again touched a card
while in Europe. But the sporting incident remained
with him throughout life.

By general consent Colonel William R. Johnson, of
Virginia, heads the list of distinguished turfmen of the
glorious days of the thirties. He was called " the Napo-
leon of the turf." Trained from childhood with his
father's horses, especially with that famous mare by
Medley whose progeny the son ran with great success,
in 1801, he won the great Fairfield Stakes with True Blue,
and from 181 5 onward was first by the post in many
noted races with his horses Vanity and Reality. His
accession to the head of the turf dated from 1809 with
Sir Archy. The following year he won the great twenty-
mile race at Fairfield, four-mile heats, with Maria, beat-
ing Sir Alfred and Duroc. During his brilliant career he
maintained his ascendancy with Boston, Blue Dick, Sir
Hal, Slender, Bonnets O'Blue, Medley, Sally Walker,
Andrew, Trifle, Atalanta, Lady Clifden and Lorgnette,
winning hundreds of victories with these and other
horses, whose names were household words in that
period. Of later date in Maryland, among others who
were particularly conspicuous were Messrs. Bowie &
Hall, who bred, trained and ran their own horses to a
greater extent than had been for many years customary
in that old State. They owned several brood mares,
well infused with Oscar blood, and other representatives
of the best equine families of the South.

Mr. Samuel Purdy, who rode American Eclipse to vic-
tory in the race with Henry on the Union Course, Long
Island, in 1823, was an architect and an alderman of
New York, and made his name famous forever in the
annals of the American turf. He was a gentleman rider,
and known throughout the country as an expert judge of
horseflesh and a trainer of marked ability. He died in
1836, and his remains rest in the old St. Paul's church-
yard at Fulton Street and Broadway, New York. The
vault is covered by a granite slab, supported by four
small granite pedestals. There is a marble slab beneath
the granite one, but the ravages of time have almost
obliterated the inscription. On one side is the inscrip-
tion: " Samuel Purdy, born May 14, 177s. Died Decem-
ber 3, 1836," and on the other side, "Sarah, wife of
Samuel, born August 18, 178^, died November 13,
1 813." Beneath the slab is also this inscription: " This
tomb is erected to their memory by their affectionate
children."

A son of Mr. Samuel Purdy, Mr. John F. Purdy, was
also distinguished among New Yorkers by his connection
with the turf, which lasted for nearly three-quarters of a
century. He was a noted gentleman rider and driver in
his day, and devoted the greater part of his life to breed-
ing and racing. When he died, in 1897, he had outlived
most of his associates in that famous group of sportsmen

that included Messrs. August Belmont, the elder, Leonard
W. Jerome, William R. Travers, Daniel D. Withers,
Judge Alonzo C. Monson, M. H. Sanford, John Hunter
and Francis Morris, father of Mr. John A. Morris. These
were the men who founded the American Jockey Club
and did so much to advance the interests and preserve
the dignity of the American turf. Only Mr. John Hunter
and Judge Monson, President of the Knickerbocker Club,
survived Mr. Purdy.

Mr. John F. Purdy was born in New York October 14,
1 8 10. In 1843, he married Miss Virginia Teackle, also of
New York. They had five children— Mrs. George S.
Nicholas, Mrs. Dudley B. Fuller, Mrs. Murray Livingston,
Lucia W. Purdy and A. Belmont Purdy. Mr. Purdy was
a stock broker until 18S7, when he founded the wine
house of Purdy & Nicholas. When Jerome Park was
opened, on Tuesday, September 2=,, 1866, he was one of
the race stewards, his associates being Messrs. W. B.
Duncan, Paul S. Forbes, A. Keene Richards and E.
Boudinot Colt, with Mr. John B. Irving as secretary.
He was at one time a partner with Mr. D. D. Withers in
racing, and afterward had a stable of his own. The best
known horses of the Purdy & Withers stable were
Vespucius, who beat Glenelg for the Annual ' Sweep-
stakes, and Tasmania, who once won the Ladies' Stakes
at Jerome Park. Mr. Purdy also owned the famous
Kentucky as a two-year old. Although he lived to the
age of eighty-eight, he never had a serious attack of
illness. His friendship with Mr. August Belmont led to
his acting as second in the duel which Mr. Belmont
fought with the Honorable William Hayward, of South
Carolina, early in the forties.

The most notable event in Mr. Purdy 's career on the
turf occurred in 1850, when he drove his trotting mare,
Kate, 100 miles inside of ten hours on a wager. At this
time it was the custom for sportsmen who owned trot-
ters to race them in matches on the road from town to
town. Mr. Purdy had a brush on the road, and, coming
out ahead, had a discussion with his opponent about the
going qualities of Kate. The result was the 100-mile
match for $1,000. The match was a private one, and
nothing was said about it except to the friends of the
principals. As the race was in progress all day the news
of it got abroad, and an immense crowd went to see.
Kate was then ten years old and won. Mr. Purdy had
hired a professional driver, but he began the race by
driving himself, and then became so interested that he
continued to drive her to the end. He was utterly ex-
hausted after the race, but the mare suffered no bad
effects. She lived till she was thirty-six years old.

One of the most prominent turfmen of the last gener-
ation was Mr. John C. Stevens, of New York and
Hoboken, distinguished alike for his genius, enterprise,
wealth and public spirit. He was one of the challengers

274

THE AMERICAN TURF

on behalf of Fclipse in that famoLis race with Henry in
182^, when Hciipse I'epresented tile North and Henry the
South. I'revioLis to that time he had already become
deeply interested in the tnrf, and dining his life brought
out a great number of winners, not only running horses
bred by himself, but being also a patron of other breed-
ers of blood stock. As early as 1824 he won a $s,ooo
match with Tom Piper, and was also successful with
Ladv Jackson. At a later day, with Black Maria, he car-
ried everything before him. At one time he owned the
renowned Medoc, which he sold for $10,000 to Colonel
Abe Buford, of Kentucky. He won the great $44,000
stakes with Fordharn and the $is,ooo stakes with
Dosoris. He also owned Zela, a superb filly, who won
several races in the North and afterward was sent to
Alabama, where she won three consecutive races at four-
mile heats. After running Fanny Wyatt and several
other blood horses for a year or two, he relinquished the
turf and turned his attention to yachting, becoming dis-
tinguished in that branch of sport as the tirst Commodore
of the New York Yacht Club and the commander of the
yacht America in the celebrated race off the isle of Wight
in 1 8s I, which resulted in bringing to this country
the celebrated America Cup that has since been the
cause of contention between American and English
yachtsmen.

Mr. Stevens was either president or vice-president of
the New York Jockey Club for a period of twenty-one
years, finally declining re-election on the ground that
he had served his time out. He had an extensive train-
ing stable on Long Island, where he employed the two
trainers, William Baxter and Isaac Van Leer, the
latter becoming subsequently the trainer of Peytona and
others for Mr. Kirkman, of Alabama. Each of these
trainers had a separate string. Outside of the first
course, his private training ground, Mr. Stevens laid out
another course of turf. As every horse left the stable
for exercise, trial or public race, Mr. Stevens made it an
inflexible rule that the animal should be led over a large
platform scales and its weight accurately ascertained and
recorded. It is an interesting fact that his horse. Black
Maria, lost over 100 pounds in her great four-mile race.
For many years Mr. Stevens, with Messrs. Livingston,
King, Coster and two or three others, was recognized as
standing at the head of the turf in the North.

It was the particular distinction of Mr. M. H. Sanford
that he was the second American to take a string of
thoroughbreds across the Atlantic and challenge the Eng-
lish horses upon their own ground. He had an interest-
ing experience in connection with the English turf, but
his enterprise was of more abundant value in connection
with racing in this country than it was abroad. A native
of Massachusetts, he belonged to one of the oldest fam-
ilies in that State, that traced its lineage to earliest colonial

times. Early in life he engaged in mercantile pursuits
and soon became a man of great wealth. His connec-
tion with the turf did not commence, however, until
about the time of the opening of Jerome Park, in 1866,
when he had passed middle age. He was associated
with Mr. Leonard W. Jerome in the organization of the
American Jockey Club, and took an energetic and useful
part in the good work to which that organization de-
voted itself.

Providing himself with a good string, he made his
debut upon the turf in 1867 with Loadstone, Ear Ring,
La Polka and others, and captured the Jockey Club Handi-
cap, the Westchester Cup, the Nursery Stakes and other
valuable purses. His success stimulated his ardor for
the new pursuit upon which he had entered, and forth-
with he made arrangements to go into breeding and run-
ning upon a large scale. His establishment at Preakness,
N. J., soon became one of the most famous in the coun-
try. He engaged Anthony Taylor as trainer and en-
tered upon a long and successful career. One of the
most famous jockeys of the sixties, William Hay-
ward, first appeared under Mr. Sanford's management,
riding Loadstone to victory for the first Westchester
Cup. Two years later he was successful with Lancaster
at Saratoga, with Hayward up. Next he won with
Niagara and Madam Dudley, and then with Preakness,
who was one of the greatest stallions and one of the
greatest racers of that day. With Preakness he won the
great Dinner Party Stakes at Baltimore in 1870, and the
Westchester Cup at Jerome Park in 1871. His great
favorite, however, was unquestionably Monarchist, who
eclipsed some of the first horses of the time, and when
Monarchist defeated Harry Bassett at Jerome Park in
1872, his opponent being considered at that time incom-
parably the best horse on the American turf, Mr. Sanford
felt that the money and time that he had expended for
years past was returned to him many fold.

From 187s to 1881, Mr. Sanford was engaged in his
memorable campaign in England, but his success there
was not what he had hoped for, nor at all what would
have been a fair reward for his enterprise and the merit
of the horses that he took with him. Probably, had not
failing health compelled him to return home, he might
have remained longer in that field and achieved greater
success. He did not maintain further active connection
with the turf even in this country, and died only two
years later, in 1883. He was considered one of the most
liberal buyers of thoroughbreds that the turf ever knew.
He paid $7,000 for a yearling, brother to Asteroid, and
made a losing bargain of it. For Preakness he paid
$2,000, but the great Monarchist cost him only $1,900.
That was in the day, however, when, as compared with
the present, there was only a comparatively moderate
demand for blood colts. It is said of him that he desired

275

THE AMERICAN TURF

to take Ten Bioeck to England, and offered to give
$2S,ooo for that champion.

From the old Bathgate family of New York, one of
the oldest families established in Westchester County,
came several patrons of the turf, whose careers extended
from early in the present century nearly to its close. The
Bathgates were originally from Scotland, and representa-
tives of the family for several generations were leaders
in all efforts to promote racing in the vicinity of New
York. Perhaps the best remembered member of this
family was Mr. Charles W. Bathgate, who was born in
West Farms in 1824, near the site of Morris Park, and
died in i8qi. He was the son of a wealthy farmer and
mill owner, who was also one of the leading turfmen in
the United States in the first quarter of the century. The
elder Bathgate owned the celebrated mare Maid of the
Oaks, from whom Sensation, Onondaga, Girofle, Glen-
more, Tenny and other cracks were descended. For
several years American Eclipse stood at his estate, and
so did Barefoot, the winner of the Doncaster St. Leger,
in 1823. Medoc, one of the best American thorough-
breds of the generation just passed, was bred by him.
Dr. James Bathgate and Mr. Alexander Bathgate, neph-
ews of the elder Bathgate, were also prominent turf-
men. They imported Mango, who won the St. Leger in
1837, and owned and run other good horses, keeping up
a racing stable until about i860. They were afterward
known as owners of the celebrated trotting stallion,
Toronto Chief.

It was natural that with such associations and such
nherited taste for the turf Mr. Charles W. Bathgate
should, from an early period in his life, become inter-
ested in the thoroughbred. He was a comparatively
young man, and had not attained to particular distinction
in racing matters when the decadence of the turf in i8so,
owing to dishonorable practices of many who were con-
nected with it, set in in the vicinity of New York, and
for a short time he was interested in the trotter, owning
the stallion New Jersey and other good horses of that
class. When racing was revived in the years immedi-
ately following the Civil War, he was one of the earliest
to take up with the old sport, and was active in all meas-
ures for placing it upon substantial footing and holding
it to an honorable career. Jerome Park was built upon
part of his ancestral acres in Fordham, which he had sold
to Mr. Leonard W. Jerome. He also became an owner,
his colors being all green, and subsequently was a part-
ner for a short time with Mr. Jerome in the Jerome Park
Home Stables, from which Clara, Clarita, Fleetwing,
Red Wing, General Yorke, De Courcy and other cracks
came out to do good service on the course.

It was well said of Mr. Bathgate by one who knew
him intimately that although, "as an actual owner, he
was never prominent, his influence on great racing

stables and race courses was greater than that of any
other man of his time; he might not be inaptly termed
' the Warwick of the turf.' " He was the agent of Mr.
Jerome when that gentleman started upon his racing
career in 1866, and was also an adviser to Mr. Pierre
Lorillard some six or seven years later when Mr. Lorillard
determined to go into racing. More than twenty years
after, Mr. James R. Keene availed himself of Mr. Bath-
gate's long and wide experience and good judgment.
At that time the Lorillards were carrying everything
before them, and the success of their stable was assum-
ing such proportions that some one remarked that if
the Lorillards could not be stopped in their career there
would soon be an end to racing upon the courses about
New York. Mr. Keene entered upon the field at this
juncture, and, upon the advice of Mr. Bathgate, pur-
chased the colt Spendthrift, who had a great reputation
in the West, but had never been seen in other parts of
the country. Brought to New York, he accomplished
the ends that were aimed at, beating the Lorillard horses,
Harold and Monitor, for the Belmont Stakes, and giving
an added interest to the three-year old racing of that
year. In 1881, Mr. Bathgate went to England, where he
took charge of Mr. Keene 's stable and was identified
with those victories of Foxhall and other horses, which
were a source of such gratification to every patriotic
American and every follower of the turf on this side of
the Atlantic. It was the judgment of Mr. Bathgate that
led to the selection of the picturesque site for Morris
Park, and he had much to do with superintending the
construction of that magnificent race course.

For three generations the name of Morris has been
prominently identified with affairs of the turf, and its all-
scarlet, the famous Barbarity colors, that took their name
from the grand old brood mare, whose offspring. Ruth-
less, Relentless, Remorseless, Regardless and others, so
worthily carried the gay jacket to victory, has been a fea-
ture of turf life that will not soon be forgotten by any who
follow the track. The first of the family to engage in rac-
ing was Mr. Francis Morris, one of that generation of
sportsmen who joined in the revival of racing in the early
sixties by founding the American Jockey Club and open-
ing Jerome Park. He owned several of the best horses
known to the turf even before the Civil War, and was
the financial backer of the string that Mr. Richard Ten
Broeck took to England in 1857, thus being an essential
factor in one of the most important enterprises ever
known in the history of the American turf. Mr. Morris
came of good old English stock, his grandfather, John
Morris, being chaplain to the Duke of Bedford in 1748.
His father, William P. Morris, came to the United States
in 1820, and, settling at Throgg's Neck, owned one of
the handsomest country-seats in the vicinity of New
York.

276

THE AMERICAN TURF

Kven lifforo the death of Mr. Francis Morris, an event
that occurred in 1886, his son, Mr. John A. Morris, had
followed iiis fatlier's example in becoming identified
with the turf. He bore a hand in founding the American
Jockey Club, and for several years, at Jerome Park,
handled the starter's flag. When he was only twenty
years of age, having been born in i8^b, he went to
Europe with Mr. Ten Broeck in the racing enterprise that
his father was backing, and had a broad and valuable
experience in connection with English and French racing,
gaining much information concerning thoi'oughbreds and
track management across the Atlantic that was of great
use to him in the future. In business enterprises he ac-
cumulated a large fortune, and in 1889, he started a
stable, not having engaged in racing extensively before
that time. His bold and well-judged purchases of
choicely bred animals and extensive investments in
breeding enterprises soon made him a conspicuous figure
among the turfmen of his period. His racing establish-
ment was for many years under the charge of Mr. Wynd-
ham Walden, and among his best horses were Britannic,
Cayuga, Russell, Mars, Correction, Ambulance, Chatham
and St. Florian. The magnificent Morris Park that bears
his name is an enduring monument to his devoted and
far-sighted interest in racing. Mr. Morris died in 1895,
and his sons, Messrs. Alfred H. and David H. Morris,
succeeded to the racing interests of the family in the
third generation.

The names of all the distinguished turfmen of the
South would fill a volume, but some of them shine with
particular splendor. No one of his generation was more
admired than Colonel E. M. Blackburn, of Kentucky.
Colonel Blackburn's parents were among the very first
settlers in the Blue Grass State, and he was one of the
first children born in Woodford County. Throughout
his lifetime he was interested in horses, and for more
than half a century was conspicuous in all the turf activ-
ities of the United States. He was the owner of those
famous champions, American Eclipse and Grey Eagle,
the heroes of some of the greatest equine struggles that
the American turf has ever known.

Colonel Blackburn devoted himself exclusively to farm-
ing operations and to the raising of thoroughbreds, and,
save in racing, was not identified with public affairs. He
enjoyed the intimate acquaintance of many of the famous
statesmen and public men of his day, and never was
happier than when entertaining them under his roof and
descanting upon the superior merits of his horses. A
pleasant incident is related of him as showing his faith
in the thoroughbreds that he owned and his composure
and readiness of wit in emergencies. Upon the occasion
in question, he was entertaining the great statesman,
Henry Clay, and other gentlemen, and, as was usual
with him, had been praising in the most extravagant

277

manner the various horses that were then under his
charge. American Eclipse was still regarded as one of
the greatest of American horses, and his famous race
with Henry had by no means passed out of remem-
brance. Colonel Blackburn then had American Eclipse
in his stable, and Mr. Clay, thinking to corner him, asked
him what he could say new of that great thoroughbred.
For a moment the Colonel seemed nonplussed; then,
rising to his feet and lifting his glass, he said in the most
courtly manner, " Eclipse, among horses, as Henry Clay
among men," and everybody conceded that the tables
had been cleverly turned upon Kentucky's beloved son.
Colonel Blackburn lived until 1867.

Among the early turfmen and breeders of Virginia,
the Honorable John M. Botts occupied a conspicuous
position. He was active in political affairs and fre-
quently held office by the gift of his fellow citizens. At
the same time he was an extensive breeder of thorough-
breds, a frequenter of the race course, and gave intelli-
gent consideration to the development of the race horse
and to all questions relating to affairs of the turf. Col-
onel David McDaniel, whose name occurs so frequently
on the pages of the early history of the American turf,
was an intimate friend of Mr. Botts, but both of them
believing most unreservedly in the supreme quality of
the horses respectively bred by them, there were fre-
quently times when the natural rivalries engendered by
the race course would strain their friendship to the point
of breaking. In a certain race at Petersburgh, 'Va. , Mr.
Botts had entered a young mare that already possessed a
record and was held in high favor. Everybody, includ-
ing the owner, believed that she was a sure winner on
this occasion, and she was allowed to carry over-weight
in order to enhance the glory of her victory. But the
best laid plans oft go awry. Colonel McDaniel had an
unknown filly engaged in the same stake, and during
the progress of the race chaffed Mr. Botts on his over-
confidence. His manner so exasperated his former
friend that the latter seriously quarreled with him, and
when Colonel McDaniel's filly won the race, his chagrin
was so deep that he refused to be reconciled.

The conspicuous part that was played by Mr. Richard
Ten Broeck in American turf affairs previous to the time
of the Civil War, and especially his invasion of England,
has fixed his name firmly upon the pages of American
turf history. During his long and active career he owned
some of the best horses that were ever stripped on the
course, and was as successful as most men of his day.
He created a genuine surprise when he went to England
in i8s6, and the English turfmen scarcely knew how to
take him. He was criticised severely in many quarters,
was subjected to much unjust suspicion, and dropped
considerable money into the pockets of the English bet-
ters. His experience abroad was not altogether happy;

THE AMERICAN TURF

but it is doubtful if, aside from liis laci< of success with
tlie iiorses tiiat be took over, he ever realized that he was
not having a pleasant time. Mr. Ten Broeck was a
native of New York State, where he was born early in
the century. As his name clearly indicates, he was a
descendant of one of the old Dutch pioneers. In 1829,
he was sent to West Point and studied there for several
years, but did not remain long enough to graduate.
Among his fellow students were Generals Lee and
Magruder, of Virginia, and General Emory, of Maryland.
He accumulated a considerable property as a result of his
long connection with the turf, and in the latter years of
his life settled in California, where he met with mis-
fortunes that bore heavily upon him.

Few turfmen in this generation have been more con-
spicuous or more deserving of recognition for their
abundant services to the cause of racing than the two
brothers, Messrs. Pierre and George L. Lorillard. Both
of them bore an important part in the revival of Ameri-
can racing in the early seventies, and for a time they
rivaled each other in the brilliant success of their respect-
ive stables. In later years Mr. Pierre Lorillard attained
to greater fame through his success on the English turf.
His career began in 1871, and has continued almost with-
out interruption down to the closing years of the cen-
tury. He first purchased two English mares, Girasol and
Blue Stocking, from Sir Joseph Hawley, and, bringing
them to this country, bred from the former Saxon, the
winner of the August Stakes at Monmouth Park in 1872
and of the Belmont Stakes in 1874.

The first horse that Mr. Lorillard ran was Free Lance,
in 187^. At that time his colors were scarlet, with blue
cap. The following year he changed to cherry and
black, which shortly became one of the most famous
colors ever known to the American turf. In the Saxon
year he had also Attila, James A. and others, and in sub-
sequent years ran such famous racers as Parole, Faithless,
Merciless, Barricade, Idalia, Bombast, Perfection, Zoo
Zoo, Spartan, Pique, Uncas, Duke of Montrose, Pizzaro,
Drake Carter, Pontiac, Wanda, Dewdrop and many
others scarcely less distinguished. His splendid cam-
paign in England in 1879 and subsequent years with
Iroquois, Parole and others has been fully described in
another chapter in this volume. It constitutes one of the
proudest pages in the history of the American turf.
During his lifetime Mr. Lorillard has been one of the best
patrons that the breeders of the United States have ever
had. He paid large prices for promising yearlings, and
after he began to breed for himself procured the best
brood mares and stallions that money could buy.

Rivaling his brother of the Rancocas Stable in all that
goes to make distinction upon the turf, Mr. George L.
Lorillard, proprietor of the Westbrooke Farm, was one
of those turfmen whose memory it is the pride of all

who knew him to fondly cherish. His colors were seen
at all the important race meetings, and so frequently at
one time did they come in at the head of the field that it
was jocularly remarked that the Northern turf must have
been created for the special benefit of the Lorillards.
The names of some of the most noted horses of this
quarter of a century were identified with Westbrooke.
Tom Ochiltree, for whom Mr. Lorillard paid $7,500 when
he was three years old, stood there, and Ambush, Loit-
erer, Harold and other famous ones were trained on its
track. Monitor, son of Glenelg and Minx, was perhaps
the most famous member of the stable. Second only to
Monitor were such cracks as Trafalgar, Volusia, Reveller,
Roisterer, Thackeray, Glideaway, Hawthorne, Mentor,
Louisette, Hopeful, Emulation, Economy, Triton, Sur-
prise, King Arthur, Velure, Souci, Dahlia, Ferida, Idalia,
Grenada, Greenland, Aella, Memento and other winners.
Spinaway came from Westbrooke to carry the blue and
orange to success in the Juvenile, the Foam, the Hopeful
and the July Stakes and to win the title of the American
Crucifix.

Identified with miscellaneous sporting affairs in the
South during the second quarter of the century, Mr.
Henry Price McGrath was afterward known as one of
the most popular and enterprising turfmen of the coun-
try. A native Kentuckian, he was born in 1814, and
while a youth participated in the high play and outdoor
sports that were then the dominant characteristics of life
in the Mississippi Valley. He was uniformly successful
as a plunger, and was one of the nerviest betting men of
that time and section. Removing to New Orleans, he
continued his career in sporting circles, and soon after
began to own and run race horses. After a short turn
in California at the time of the gold excitement he re-
turned to New Orleans and entered more vigorously than
ever into the racing business. Captain Beard by York-
shire out of a Glencoe mare, was the first horse of prom-
inence that he owned. Others in his string were En-
dorser, and Black Snake by Albion out of a Leviathan
mare. Black Snake afterward became famous as Lucy
Fowler and as the dam of R. B. Connelly, Tom Bowling,
Aaron Pennington and Calvin. During the early sixties
Mr. McGrath was in the North, where he was associated
with Mr. John Morrissey. After the war he established
the McGrathiana Stud, near Lexington, Ky., and bred
some celebrated horses, among them being Blarney
Stone, Tipperary, Tom Bowling, Captain Beard, Susan
Ann, Aristides, Chesapeake, Jury and Leonard.

Mr. John Hunter, who was for many years a partner
of Mr. William R. Travers and a leading spirit in the field
of Northern racing immediately after the war, belonged
to the famous Westchester County contingent. As a
breeder and owner none of his time surpassed him in
influence, and in that great day of American racing he

278

THE y\MERICAN TURF

ALEXANDER J. CASSATT

278

THE AMERICAN TURF

SAMUEL S. HOWLAND

THE AMERICAN TURF

was foremost in upholding the colors of the North. The
breeding establishment that, in conjunction with Mr.
Travers, he maintained at Pelham, was one of the most
valuable factors in developing the thoroughbred of the
period that then existed north of Mason and Dixon's line.
In 1887, Mr. Hunter succeeded the Honorable August
Belmont as president of the American Jockey Club.

The history of the turf and the history of Woodford
County. Kentucky, are indissolubly bound together. If
the roster of pioneer turfmen had not held the names of
Buford, Blackburn, Harper, Alexander, Swigert, Kinkead
and Ford, and if they and others of secondary stand-
ing had not played their parts on the breeding farm and
at the race track, the annalists of the American turf
would have a different story to tell. These men raced
horses in the days when thoroughbreds were run for
glory and bookmaking had not been invented. No one
of these Kentuckians was more illustrious than " Uncle "
John Harper, who died in 1873, and who laid the foun-
dation of the great thoroughbred nursery at Nantura
Farm many years ago. The Harper family had been
identified with Woodford County for over one hundred
years. The records show that in 1795 Jacob Harper, Sr.,
father of Mr. John Harper, purchased the estate that
has since remained in the possession of the fam.ily.
Originally it embraced 760 acres of land, and the name,
Nantura, given to it in modern times, was from the
great race and brood mare who bore the name, the dam
of Longfellow.

" Uncle " John Harper was a noted character in many
ways. He was reputed to be worth fully a quarter of a
million dollars; but, nevertheless, he lived in the most
democratic fashion. When traveling he slept with his
horses, and was as attached to them as a father to his
children. He owned and raced many horses, but his
career was crowned, toward the close of his life, by
Longfellow, who was foaled in 1867. Although he was
very skilful in breeding horses, he was deficient in liter-
ary culture, and often found it harder work to name his
colts than to train them for racing. A good story is told
of him in this connection. At one time he was in des-
perate straits over the question of naming in a suitable
manner two of his yearlings. After struggling with the
problem for many days he gave up beaten and called in
his friend. Dr. Weldon. Said Dr. Weldon, when the
situation was explained to him :

" Let us see. Some famous horses have borne names
that begin with L. There's Loadstone, Lecomte^ and
Lexington himself, you know. Why not, for luck, pick
names out of the L's for these little ones.? Now there's
the name of one of America's great poets, Longfellow.
That's a good name. Suppose we call the Nantura colt
Longfellow. Now you want a good name for Fanny
Holton's colt. Well, let me see. We must have an-

other L. What do you say to Lyttleton? He was a
great lawyer and jurist, you know. ' Coke upon Lyttle-
ton ' is a standard legal work, and his name would
appeal to the legal fraternity. Call him Lyttleton."

So the colts were named Longfellow and Lyttleton,
and their owner seemed mightily pleased. But, after
all, the keen appreciation of the literary character of
the two names soon left " Uncle John," and he either
forgot the significance of the names and their origin, or
else decided fully to ignore it. And so it came about
that, not long after, when he was asked to exhibit his
colts upon one occasion, he introduced them in this
wise: "That's Longfellow. We call him Longfellow
because he's long and big. T'other colt's Little 'un.
We call him that because he's kind 0' little."

Another famous member of the Harper family, who
shared with " Uncle John " the turf distinction that per-
tained to the name, was Mr. Frank B. Harper, a nephew
of the elder Harper. For many long years uncle and
nephew were intimately associated in the management
of Nantura Farm and in racing with one of the famous
strings of thoroughbreds a generation ago. A man of
large means, Mr. Harper never married, but devoted him-
self throughout life to his beloved thoroughbreds. His
favorite horse was probably Ten Broeck, whom he raised
from the time that thai famous animal was a suckling
:olt. Mr. Harper has always held that horses are not a
bit faster to-day than they were twenty years ago, but
that the difference is all in the track. He has never been
brought to believe that any of the records of Ten Broeck
could be surpassed by the modern horses if all ran on
the same tracks. Mr. Harper maintained his active con-
nection with the turf until he was nearly seventy years
of age, his life and that of his uncle covering fully a cen-
tury of American turf history. It is a somewhat singular
fact that, notwithstanding his long and active turf career,
he never bet on one of his horses in his life. Old turf-
men will not soon forget his famous and oft-repeated
injunction to his jockeys, to run his horses from " eend
to eend," an order that was a fair index of his character.

One's pen might run on indefinitely recording pleasant
recollections of the great turfmen who, in the past, con-
tributed so much to the development of the American
thoroughbred and to the popularizing of American rac-
ing, and who have long since passed away leaving only
the result of their able and disinterested efforts as an
enduring monument. Some of them, as we have seen,
have come down even to the present era and their names
are connected with those of their successors, who are
still prominent and active in every good measure that
contributes to the welfare of the turf. As difficult as it
has been to enumerate even a tithe of the names of those
who gave the American turf its standing in previous
generations, an even more herculean task would be that

279

THE AMERICAN TURF

of attempting to comprehensively record the shining
lights of the turf of to-day. Many of these gentlemen
have already been referred to and their connections with
the turf more or less fully recorded on other pages of
this volume, whereon the accounts of great racing events,
famous thoroughbreds, notable breeding establishments
and racing associations have been presented. A repeti-
tion of their names here is not demanded, since thoughts
of them must be present in the minds of every one at
all interested in turf affairs.

But there still remain scores, nay, hundreds of others,
equally good and true turfmen and as earnestly devoted
to the cause of racing as any to whom attention has been
heretofore specifically called. No record of the American
turf of the present day can in any wise be complete
without some account of their participation in it. Their
labors are an important part of its history. The brief
consideration that only can be given to them in this con-
nection will, however inadequate it may appear, as a
comprehensive presentation of their activity, be at least
sufficient to indicate in a measure the character of the
racing men of this period and the incalculable value of
the services that they have rendered in promoting the
sport and in elevating the American turf to an even
higher position than it has ever before occupied.

Without desiring to institute any invidious distinctions,
it is only fair to say that no race meeting would be com-
plete without the presence of Mr. William C. Daly, or, as
he is familiarly known, "Father Bill." Mr. Daly was
born in Ireland in 1849, and came of a racing family on
both sides. He was brought to this country when he
was only eight years of age, and as a boy lived in South
Windsor, Conn. After he had served an apprenticeship
as a machinist he began trading in horses, and at the
early age of seventeen made his start on the turf with
the thoroughbred mare, Lorina. Since that time, a
period of nearly a third of a century, he has enjoyed
wonderful success on the turf. A list of the horses that
he has handled would be exceptional in extent and char-
acter. In his stable have been such good ones as Civil
Service, Fidelio, Florence M., Bolero and others. At the
present time he has in his string Rifler, Arabian, Her
Own, Mahony, Father Bill, Kitty Daly, Eileen D., First
Fruit, Merlin, Tinkler, General Maceo, Hartford Hotel
and a half-dozen promising youngsters by Magnetizer,
Badge, Uncas and Fiddlesticks.

The reputation of Mr. William Duke, Jr., as a turfman
is not confined to the United States. His career in this
country has been eminently interesting, and he has been
among the number of those Americans who, in modern
times, have invaded the English turf. Born in Wellsville,
N. Y., in i8=i7, ^^- Duke has been identified with horse-
flesh and racing from his boyhood, his early experience
being with trotters. Since 1887, he has given the run-

ning turf his attention, being first a silent partner with
J. J. McCafferty and Enoch Wishard. The combination
owned such well-known performers as Helen Nichols,
Hugh Penny, Wishard and Queenie Trowbridge, all of
whom made excellent records. Subsequently Mr. Duke,
in association with Mr. Wishard, organized the firm of
Duke & Wishard, which has since raced with abundant
success. They took a good string of horses to England
in 189s, and won many important races there, their stable
including Mac Briggs, Wishard, George Ketchum and
Helen Nichols.

The career of Mr. Enoch Wishard has been largely
coincident with that of his partner, Mr. William Duke,
Jr. Mr. Wishard was born in Indianapolis in 1865, and,
like many other noted turfmen, was first interested in
the trotting horse. He entered the ranks of trainers
of thoroughbreds by taking charge of the stable of the
well-known Western owners, Scroggan Brothers, and he
is now considered one of the best and most careful train-
ers in this country. His success is the result of careful
study and the most unceasing care, and he gives his
undivided personal attention to the animals in his stable.
The success of the English campaign of the firm was in
no small measure due to Mr. Wishard 's skill in bringing
their horses to the post in good condition. Messrs.
Duke & Wishard have now in their stable George H.
Ketcham, Highhoe, Babieca, H. Davis, Healey, Stamina"
and Doremus, the two first named by Himyar and the
others by Farandole, Greenland, Devotee (or Greenland),
Great Tom and Luke Blackburn.

Among the greatest horses this country ever possessed
have been Bramble, Rhadamanthus, Hindoo, Luke Black-
burn, Miss Woodford, Potomac, Raceland, Tremont and
many others, all of whom at some time during their
career received their training under the hands of Mr.
James G. Rowe, or " Jimmy " Rowe, as he is popularly
known. Few, if any, trainers have ever had a wider
experience, or a more brilliantly successful career than
Mr. Rowe. He was born in Virginia in 1857, and for
thirty years has been prominently identified with the
turf. He was first engaged with Colonel David Mc-
Daniel, when that turfman was at the head of the
famous McDaniel Confederacy. In 1872, he had his first
mount when he rode the high class colt, Joe Daniels, to
victory, and the following year he repeated his success
on Springbok. His career in the saddle was of short
duration, however, for he grew too fast; but he rode
such famous horses as Harry Bassett, Tubman, Katie
Pease and others. Then he engaged in training. Hav-
ing charge first of the stable of Davis Brothers, he was
afterward in charge of Dwyer Brothers' string, was three
years with the late Honorable August Belmont, and also
served acceptably for four years as a starter. Since 1895,

he has been engaged in training. He has had the handling

280..

THE AMERICAN TURE

WILLIAM C. WHITNEY

280

THE AMERICAN TURF

SYDNEY PAGET

280

THE AMERICAN TURF

of tlic Biookdalc horses of Colonel I hompson. and of
that gentleman's siiccessoi's, Messi's. L. S. and W. P.
Thonipson. He is also the senior member of the firm of
James G. Rowe & Co., which has in training for 1898
these promising two-year olds: Lumen and Tendresse,
both by Kinglike; juventas and Current, both by Juvenal;
Imitation, by Rey del Rey; Morning, by Long Taw, and
Opera Glass, by St. Blaise.

Had Mr. David T. Pulsifer done nothing more for the
American turf than to discover and run the great Tenny,
his name would be forever cherished by all lovers of the
thoroughbred and of good racing. Mr. Pulsifer is one
of the gentlemen who have given dignity to the Ameri-
can turf. A native of Massachusetts, where he was
born in 1892, he had an early experience in the West and
in Northern New York in the trotting field. It was not
until later, however, that he became connected with the
turf, when he owned and ran Punster, Gunner and Sir
Joseph. In later years his stable included such well-
known horses as Grimalda, Rapine, Housatonic, Brother
Dam and Drum Major. The wonderful career of Tenny,
who, as a yearling, was so unpromising that it seemed
scarcely worth while to train him, eventually gave to his
owner a national reputation and a fortune, and Mr.
Pulsifier has never ceased to feel a justifiable pride in his
wonderful ''swayback."

Born in Bethlehem, Pa., in i860, Mr. John E. Madden,
one of the most prominent owners and trainers of to-
day, drove and won races before he had reached the age
of sixteen. He was eventually one of the largest buyers
of high priced trotters in the United States, among
horses of this class that he owned being Robert McGreg-
or, Suisun, Rachel and Bel Verra. The first thorough-
bred that he possessed was Castaway II., who, after he
had passed out of Mr. Madden's possession, won the
Brooklyn Handicap. Some of the principal horses that
have been connected with Mr. Madden's stable have been
Applause, Harry Reed, Dundee, Coquette, Lollie Easton
and Handspun. He also owned Hamburg and Howland,
two of the best two-year olds ever seen in this country.
Hamburg he sold to Mr. Marcus Daly. In his stable in
1898 are Howland, Chelsea, Baritaria, Duoro, Plaudit,
Benares, Dissembler, Great Bend, Desperado, David Gar-
rick and many others. Plaudit is a double Derby win-
ner, having taken both the Kentucky Derby and the
Oakley Derby in 1898, and in this connection it is inter-
esting to recall that another one of Mr. Madden's horses,
Kingman, was also a double Derby winner.

Combining in his person the active work of owner,
trainer and jockey, Mr. John J. McCafferty has long held
a prominent place in American racing. He is a native of
Texas, where he was born in i860, and his first experi-
ence in life was as a ranchman on the 'Western plains,
and with his brother, Mr. A. T. McCafferty, he was part

proprietor of the Sycamore Ranch for the raising of
hoi'ses. He took the first steps toward his racing career
by riding thoroughbred horses at local meetings. Finally
he turned his attention entirely to the American thor-
oughbred, and since 1889, when he made his debut at
the leading racing centres, he has been one of the fore-
most owners in this country. In 1893, he owned forty-
two thoroughbreds, one of the largest stables in the
country. Only a few of the great horses that he has
owned can be mentioned here. Among them have been
Helen Nichols, Applegate, Hugh Penny, Nero, Aloha,
Fred Taral, Bo Peep, Lady Mary, Arbuckle, 'Winged Foot,
Abuse and Don Bias. His stable for 1898 consists of
Burch, Gotham, Lexington Pirate, Mt. 'Washington, and
these two-year olds, Effie Ainslie, Himtine, Gold Mine,
Mrs. Jimmy and Knickerbocker.

Mr. David Gideon, who is a native of New York, hav-
ing been born in 1847, made his first venture as an owner
in 1879, when he secured two well-known jumpers,
Bertha and Judith. He formed a partnership with Mr.
John Daly, and the firm name of Gideon & Daly became
as prominent and their stable as powerful as any upon
the turf. Among the horses that have been run under
the colors of Gideon & Daly were Highland Fling, Spar-
tan, llluminary. His Highness, Requital, The Butterflies,
Ramapo, Waltzer, Hazlet and many others. The Futur-
ity Stakes were carried off three times for the Messrs.
Gideon & Daly, by His Highness, Requital and The But-
terflies, respectively, while Ramapo won the Suburban
for them. The Ramapo Stud Farm of the firm at Holm-
del, N. J., has long been one of the best establishments
of its kind in the North.

Mr. 'Walter B. Jennings is another example of the
gentlemen who have turned from prosperous mercantile
pursuits to the turf and have there achieved success.
The first horses that he owned and raced were Allog and
Bingen, and with them he won many races on the "West-
ern tracks. In 1882, he brought his stable to the East,
in his string at that time being Ruth, Mattie K. and
several others. Since 1884, he has raced permanently at
the great tracks in the East, and among his noted horses
have been Ten Strike and Bonnie Lee. He is now
engaged in breeding as well as racing. The firm of W.
B. Jennings & Co., of which he is the senior member,
has in training Miss Lynah, Tripping, Trolley, Woodford
Filly, Ping, Glorian, Brier Sweet, Maxello and these two-
year olds, Lavator by Salvator, Speedmas by Candelmas,
Mossbrae by 'Watercress, Sombre by Midlothian.

As tne owner of Dr. Hasbrouck, who was on the turf
for four years and won 41 out of the 88 races in which
he was started, Mr. 'W. M. Barrick is not likely soon to
be forgotten in the annals of the American turf. Mr.
Barrick, who is not only an owner, but is also the trainer
of his own horses, has in his stable several tried thor-

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oughbreds: Curacoa by Top Gallant out of Wauculla,
Maurice by Rayon d'Or out of Maurine, and Sun Up by
Buchanan out of Sunlight. His two-year olds are High-
land Prince by Badge out of Queen of the Clans, George
Simons by Simple Simon out of Armida, Oakwood Belle
by Fonso out of Janette, Zoroaster by Rayon d'Or out of
Astoria, and Felician by Rayon d'Or out of Felicia.

Born in Kildare, Ireland, in 1839, Mr. 'William Jen-
nings, now a famous breeder, owner and trainer, entered
upon his duties as an exercise boy in a stable in Ireland
when he was fifteen years of age. Eventually he became
a trainer in the same stable, under the direction of his
employer, Mr. 'William Disnay, and afterward became
part proprietor of a stable. About 1864, he came to this
country. Spending two years in Canada, he then located
in Connecticut, and shortly became connected with the
celebrated 'Woodburn Farm, in Kentucky. In 1868, he
began for himself, and has owned such horses as Kildare,
Glenmore, Greenfield, Balbriggan, Remorse and numer-
ous others of good character. His blue jacket and white
cap have been successful in many a good race. His
breeding farm near Baltimore is a first-class establish-
ment and he has in training such good ones as Atlantus,
Miss Lillian, Ocean.i. Sailor King, Acrobat and Wood-
ranger, while his two-year olds are Althea, Edwin S.,
Wesa, Marylander, Glengar and Ruxton, all by Dutch
Roller, and Avoca by Atlantic.

A Kentuckian raised among thoroughbreds, Mr. 'Walter
C. Rollins' choice of an avocation was marked out for
him in early youth. His first employment was in 1874
upon the McGrathiana Stock Farm, when he was thirteen
years of age. Beginning as an exercise boy, he was
connected with several different employers, and enjoys
the special distinction of having broken the great Fox-
hall. Afterward he trained for Mr. E. J. McElmeel, the
first horse that he handled being the old-time performer.
General Monroe. From Mr. McElmeel he went to the
racing establishment of Commodore Kittson, and then
was for two years with Mr. Pierre Lorillard, Jr. For a
short time he owned a public training stable, and then
trained for the Oneck Stable of Dr. Gideon L. Knapp,
where he handled that star performer, Sir 'Walter, with
whom he won the Brooklyn Handicap in i8q6. He still
retains his connection with the Oneck Stable, and also
has several good horses of his own, including Deerslayer
by Midlothian, Larequois by Iroquois, and Little Joe and
Cousin Jess, both by Uncle Jess.

In 1886, Mr. A. F. 'Walcott began his racing career
under the name of the Fairfax Stable. He was at one
time president of the Monmouth Park Association, also
a member of the Board of Control, and is now a member
of The Jockey Club. Among the best horses that he has
ov/ned have been Oriflamme, Cyclops, Chancellor,
Ruperta, Melba, Castaway II., who won the Brooklyn

Handicap in 1890; Pessara, who was second in the
Brooklyn Handicap in 1892, and Diablo, who. won the
the same event in 1893.

Among the young gentlemen of wealth and character
who are identified with racing is Mr. Roy Carruthers.
His ownership of Reservoir by Regent out of a Longfel-
low mare was his first venture upon the turf. After-
ward he owned Song and Dance, with whom he was
very successful. He enjoys the advantage of a wide
personal acquaintance with racing matters, both in this
country and in Europe. He is now the owner of that
excellent race horse, Howard Mann.

Mr. Francis D. Beard is not only a prominent turfman,
but he is well known in New York society as an accom-
plished amateur whip, especially excelling as a tandem
driver. In company with his brother, Mr. John R.
Beard, he organized the Erie Stable, but since the close
of the season of 1896 he has carried on an independent
stable of his own. The horses that he has now in train-
ing are Dutch Skater, Nanki Pooh, Beaufort, Jefferson,
Blazewood, St. Nicholas and Tahama. At one time he
owned that staunch horse, Lazzarone.

From Maine to California Mr. Patrick Dunne is known
and respected in turf circles. His career began in 188^,
when he was foreman for Mr. Edward Corrigan in Chi-
cago. Since 1891, he has been in the field with a stable
of his own, and has been remarkably successful. In his
stable at the present time he has these well-known
horses: Flying Dutchman, Salvable, Captive, Czarowitz,
Estaca, Stentor, Swango, Dacian, Rey Salazar and Rath-
more. His two-year olds are Approval by Pessara;
Ailyar by Himyar; Barrier bv Leonatus; Prince Harry by
Harry O' Fallon; Survivor by Strathmore, and Cambrian
and Peleus by Hindoo.

One of the most practical and thoroughly experienced
turfmen among contemporary owners is Mr. Frank
Regan. He began his career as an exercise boy in the
stable of the Honorable August Belmont. Then he had
several years' experience as a jockey, and, with Mr. John
Hoggins, trained the horses of Messrs. A. J. Cassatt and
Pierre Lorillard. Since 1890, he has been in the field
himself as an owner. He is now the owner of Nay Nay
by Kinglike; Percy F. by Rainbow; Octave by Quick-
lime; Mohegan by Faverdale; Sister Fox by Silver Fox;
Saguache by Britannic; Russella 'Walden by Russell, and
Sir Florian and The Diver by St. Florian.

A veteran horseman and a thoroughly experienced
trainer, Mr. Charles H. Hughes has handled some of the
greatest race horses of the present period. For many
years he had a public training stable in the 'West, and
afterward trained the horses of Messrs. Leigh & Rose
and of Bromley & Co. He it was who helped develop
the speedy qualities of such cracks as Clifford, Laz-
zarone, Ducat, Chant, Ida Pickwick and others of renown.

282

THE AMERICAN TURE

FOXHALL P. KEENE

282

THE AMERICAN TURF

JOHN E. MADDEN

282

THE AMERICAN TURF

In the stiible of Bromley & Co., a firm that is, compar-
atively speaking, a newcomer upon the turf, we have
another interesting example of the participation of un-
professional horsemen in racing. It is the presence of
such gentlemen as Messrs. J. E. Bromley and A. Feather-
stone, who are the partners in this firm, that has done so
much to strengthen the turf in time past and that may be
depended upon to be one of its substantial mainstays in
the future. When racing affairs come completely into
the hands of purely professional turfmen, as has too
frequently happened in the past, then is apt to begin a
process of disintegration that in the course of time is
sure to bring more or less disaster upon the sport and all
connected with it. As we have repeatedly had occasion
to point out in our examination of the history of the
American turf, this has, again and again, been a com-
mon experience in racing affairs.

Without at all decrying the so-called professional
element, or in any way underrating the very great and
valuable work that it has done in developing and sup-
porting the turf, it is impossible completely to close our
eyes to the fact that the fullest prosperity of racing must
be at all times dependent upon the association with it of
gentlemen who are wholly disinterested turfmen, and
are concerned only in maintaining the sport in the high-
est degree of respectability, with only secondary consid-
eration of it as a personal business enterprise. It has
been those who, possessed of a profound admiration
and love for the thoroughbred, have given themselves
over to the allurements of racing merely as a relaxation
from business and from delight in the sport, that have
ever exercised the most powerful and wholesome influ-
ences in working out the salvation of the turf, and mak-
ing it not only the enjoyable but the altogether dignified
and socially popular institution that it now is.

Prominent representatives of the class of racing men
to whom we have just referred are Messrs. Bromley and
Featherstone. Both gentlemen have long been associ-
ated with each other in business relations entirely dis-
connected with the turf. They were pioneers in the
bicycle trade, which has attracted so many of our ablest
business men in this generation. In this line they have
been notably successful and enjoy a trade that extends
throughout all the world. Their energy and capacity
have brought to them the prosperity and the wealth
that are the rewards of industry and enterprise, and has
given them the means for indulgence in other occupa-
tions outside of that to which they have mainly devoted
themselves. Feeling the necessity of more or less relief
from exacting business affairs, they have taken up rac-
ing, principally for the pleasure that they find in it,
rather than as a mere object of revenue. It is a side
issue to their important business pursuits, but they have
gone into it with an enthusiasm and a careful attention

to details that can scarcely fail to make it as profitable to
them as it may be enjoyable. While they are in no
sense engaged in racing merely for the money there
may be in it, they hope, however, to win sufficient to
demonstrate at least that their venture is successful. The
only real test of the success of a racing stable is, after all,
a monetary one. While the owner may, perhaps, be
unconcerned for the amounts that he may win, he can-
not be indifferent to the fact that if his horses do not
win he can scarcely be regarded as a successful owner.

A laudable ambition for success and a desire to have
his, -ability recognized must be controlling influences
in directing the movements of every turfman, and for
these reasons it is particularly gratifying to him when he
is able to point to valuable stakes and purses that he has
carried off, even though he may be in a large measure
independent of the mere money considerations involved.
Messrs. Bromley and Featherstone look at the matter in
this light, and by liberal expenditure and the main-
tenance of a large and excellent establishment, are right-
fully aiming for that distinction in turf affairs which is
the gratification of every enthusiastic turfman and to
which their energy and enthusiasm would seem to fully
entitle them. The Bromley colors, canary, black cross
sashes and cuffs, canary cap, black tassel, have been
carried by many excellent performers, and are often
seen at the head of the field in brilliant events.

For the season of 1898 the Bromley Stable has some
thirty-six horses under the care of that admirable trainer,
Mr. Julius Bauer. Several members of the string have
already achieved reputation and are regarded as horses of
the first class. They are valuable animals and have
commanded high prices, but the question of price has
never been a consideration with Bromley & Co. From
the first they have aimed only to secure horses of good
quality, let the cost be what it might. Their constant
aim has been to own first-class performers. Their
string includes such well tried runners as the eight-
year old black horse, Nick by imported Mortemer out
of Retribution; the six-year old bay, Free Advice by
Leonatus out of Eva S. ; the five-year old chestnut, First
Mate by Fonso out of Shipmate; the five-year old brown
Rondo by imported Pirate of Penzance out of Song; the
five-year old bay. Semper Ego by Logic out of La
Sylphide; the four-year old chestnut, Typhoon II., by
Top Gallant out of Dolly Varden ; the four-year old brown,
Howard S. by Whistle Jacket out of Zelica; the four-year
old chestnut, On Deck by Whistle Jacket out of Semper
Paratus, and the four-year old chestnut, Orion by Han-
over out of Blessing. Their three-year olds are the bay
filly Kenmore Queen by Ben Strome out of Rose Leaf;
the bay colt, Danforth by Duke of Montrose out of
Bo Peep; the bay colt, Van Antwerp by Esher out
of Reflection; the chestnut colt, Nuto by Masetto out of

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AnnMcCov; the chestnut colt, Prince Lee by Strath-
more out of Bonnie Lee, and the bay tlUy Bonadea by
Esher out of Sis O'Lee.

The stable also contains some promising two-year
olds who come from distinguished ancestors and have
in their veins some of the bluest blood known to the
Stud Book. These youngsters, of whom good things
may be reasonably expected, are the bay filly, Biaisedora
by St. Blaise out of Fedora; the bay filly La Cheviot by
Cheviot out of Elsie S. ; the bay colt Oration by Cheviot
out of Gold Basis; the bay colt Disturber by Exile out of
Meddle; the bay colt Faustileby Exile out of Faust Rose;
the black colt Kingrica by Kingstock out of Henrica; the
chestnut colt Kinglete by Kingstock out of Complete;
the black colt Kingmaker by Kingstock out of Fate; the
chestnut colt Flying Scotchman by Macduff out of Lizzie
C. ; the bay colt Composer by Wagner out of Miss
Barnes; the bay colt James Tod by Strathmore out of
Colleen Rhue; the chestnut colt Falseban by Deceiver
out of May Ban ; the chestnut filly Onondaga's Pride by
Onondaga out of Frederick's Pride; the bay filly Monletta
by Duke of Montrose out of Burletta ; the bay filly Anitra
by Duke of Montrose out of Miss Mattie; the bay filly
Nike, by Duke of Montrose out of Virginity; the bay colt
Rosebed by Duke of Montrose out of Violet; the bay
filly Rose O'Lee by Duke of Montrose out of Sis O'Lee;
the brown colt Anselm by Duke of Montrose out of Miss
Longford, and the bay colt Andronicus by Strathmore
out of Ovation.

Of the horses that Bromley & Co. have in training,
Typhoon IL has had perhaps the most distinguished
career. As a two-year old he stood with the best in the
season of 1896. His winnings then were seven in num-
ber. He started in May by taking a four furlongs dash
at St. Louis in 50 seconds, beating Kruna, Forsythe and
others. At the same meeting he won a five furlongs
dash in i minute, 5^^ seconds, beating Goshen, Forsythe
and others, and at St. Louis in June he won another five
furlongs dash in i minute, 2^ seconds, beating Buck-
videre, Parthemax, Goshen, Lincoln and others. These
early victories were little more than warming up affairs
for him and he next won the Brewers' Handicap Sweep-
stakes at St. Louis, six furlongs, in i minute, 17^ sec-
onds, over a heavy track, beating Lincoln II., Buckvi-
dere, Inca and Dare II. , and carrying top weight, 118
pounds.

Still racing at St. Louis in August he won a six fur-
longs dash in i minute, 15 seconds, carrying top weight
and beating Dare II., Zamar II. and others. Then he
won the Fast Mail Purse, also at St. Louis, 5^ furlongs,
in I minute, 9X seconds, carrying top weight, 121
pounds, defeating Gladys, Juanita, Forsythe and Gro-
ganette. Coming East he won the Golden Rod Stakes
at Sheepshead Bay in August, 7 furlongs, in i minute,

28 seconds, beating Princess Flavia and Burlesque, car-
rying top weight and winning easily by 1/2 lengths.
At Morris Park in October he won the Westchester
High Weight Handicap, 6,'j furlongs, in i minute, 22
seconds, winning in a drive by a head and defeating
Brandywine, George Rose, Storm King, Goshen and
Hawarden. His supreme distinction in 1897 was win-
ning the Kentucky Derby, ij4 miles, in 2 minutes, i2}4
seconds, beating Ornament, Dr. Catlett. Dr. Sheppard,
Goshen and Ben Brown. His other victories that year
were a i mile race at Memphis in i minute, 43 seconds;
the Luehrmann Hotel Stakes at Memphis, i mile, in i
minute, 42 Ji; seconds; the Peabody Hotel Handicap at
Memphis, i J'^ miles, in i minute, 56 seconds; the Me-
morial Handicap Sweepstakes at St. Louis, iH miles, in
I minute, 56 seconds; the Club Members' Handicap at
St. Louis, i}( miles, in 2 minutes, 7^ seconds, and a ^
mile race in i minute, 15)^ seconds. And in the season
of 1898 he is still adding victories to his credit.

Nick was an excellent two-year old. His earliest
achievement that year was winning a -5-8 mile race at
Guttenberg in ^6j{ seconds, which he followed up by
winning a }i mile race at the same place in 49^ sec-
onds. At Saratoga in July he repeated his half mile rec-
ord at 49X seconds, when he won the Flash Stakes,
defeating Postmaster, Kentucky Lady and others. At
Saratoga he was also successful in winning a 58 mile
race in i- minute, 2 seconds, and a % mile race in i min-
ute, 16 seconds, and a 6^4 furlongs race in i minute, 2j
seconds, on which occasion carrying top weight, 107
pounds, he beat Elk Knight, Pat Malioy, Jr., Rey del
Mar and others. In his aged form he has shown him-
self possessed of sterling good qualities.

First Mate has many good winning events to his
credit. In 1895, at Latonia, he carried off the Maiden
Stakes, covering the distance, Sg mile, in i minute, 3
seconds. In 1896, at Latonia, he won a Free Handicap,
7 furlongs, in i minute, 33^4^ seconds, beating Sir Vas-
sar. Governor Boies, Howard Mann and others; won
the Himyar Stakes, i '8 miles, in i minute, 54^ seconds,
beating Ramiro, Ben Holladay and others; won the
Milldale Stakes, 6 furlongs, in i minute, 15K seconds,
and a i "s mile handicap in i minute, 57 seconds.

With the many good horses now in their string,
Messrs. Bromley & Featherstone are likely to be power-
ful factors in racing affairs in the immediate present. In
fact, their presence has already made itself felt in a very
decided manner at all the important meetings. More-
over, the influence of such gentlemen in connection with
racing is of the most healthful and stimulating character.
It creates interest among outsiders and every lover of the
turf will rejoice if the sport shall have the good fortune
to receive into its ranks many other gentlemen of similar
character and of like enterprise.

285

THE AMERICAN TURF

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Stilling incidents iiave never been lacking in tlie iiistory
of tile turf or in tlie careers ot'its leading representatives.
Whether we consider the performances of the thorough-
breds, or refer to the activities of the gentlemen who
have bred and run them, or who have maintained other
relations with the race course, the story is full of inter-
esting episodes. Some of the most notable events ever
recorded in the history of this country have been con-
nected with the race course and the careers, not only of
the great race horses but also of the great turfmen, have
often had all the fascination of a brilliant romance.

Among the thousands who have been most conspic-
uously identified with racing matters in this generation
no one, perhaps, has come more prominently to public
attention than Mr. George E. Smith, who is recognized
far and wide under the name of " Pittsburg Phil." His
experiences have, to a remarkable degree, constituted
one of the most romantic sides to racing affairs in this
generation. Could his biography be recounted in full,
it would be most interesting reading, and full of sugges-
tiveness as illustrating the opportunities that the turf
affords to a young man of capacity and dash.

That his career has been much out of the common,
and fully worthy of the exceptional attention that has
been given to it, scarcely need be said. In a little more
than fourteen years he has risen from a comparatively
humble station in life to a position of unquestioned
prominence and influence in racing circles. During this
brief period he has become one of those gentlemen con-
nected with racing in the United States who are known
throughout the country. This has been a remarkable
achievement for more reasons than one. The majority
of men who are identified with racing interests are
rarely heard of outside of racing circles. Here and there
one appears, who stands out from the ranks of his
associates with unusual prominence. Something excep-
tional in the individual is necessary to the attainment of
this result, and it is for this very reason that the career
and operations of a man like Mr. Smith are justly
regarded as of special value.

Mr. Smith is a native of Pennsylvania, having been
born at Sewickly in the Keystone State, July 13, 1862.
When he was a mere infant his father died, and as a re-
sult, he was deprived of many of the advantages
which most boys enjoy. Early thrown upon his own
resources and with the full knowledge that he had his
own way to make in the world, at the age of thirteen,
he started out to seek employment in Pittsburg, which
city is about twenty-five miles distant from his native
place. There he began life, being employed in a large
industrial establishment. He was only able to command
two dollars and a half a week when he first began to
work, but the meagreness of that pittance did not dis-
courage him.

Manfully he stuck to his work, his sturdinessand faith-
fulness, as well as his intelligence, constantly winning
for him the approval of his employers and with this
came frequent advancements with increase of salary.
Finally he attained to the proud position of holding a
place that yielded him twelve dollars a week. Even this
was a sufficiently meagre income, but with it he not only
supported himself, but also aided in caring for his mother
and sisters. As an illustration of his thoughtful atten-
tion to the members of his family it is pleasant to record
in this connection that when prosperity finally dawned
upon him, his first thoughts were for his mother. He
provided her with an elegant home, and the ability to do
this undoubtedly gave him one of the greatest pleasures
that he has ever known.

Scarcely fifteen years have passed since Mr. Smith
first became interested in racing. It was almost by
accident that he was attracted to this sport, and that his
judgment upon the capabilities of horses had the first
opportunity to assert itself. He had never given more
than passing attention to racing affairs and probably
had scarcely dreamed that therein was the field in
which his phenomenal career was to be developed. He
was in the habit of visiting the local pool rooms in
Pittsburg to bet on baseball matches and incidentally
learned the names of horses running in different parts of
the country. After a time he turned his attention to
horses, and displayed from the first a degree of good
judgment that resulted in his winning considerable
money. In fact, what appeared to others to be his good
luck was so marked that some frequenters of the betting
establishment followed him to such an extent that he
was unable to obtain fair odds.

By this time he had attracted the notice of a gentleman
conversant with racing matters, who persuaded him that
his opportunities would be much greater at the tracks,
and he accordingly made a trip to Louisville, where he
saw the Kentucky Derby run. Financially this experi-
ence was a success, and he returned to Pittsburg only
to leave in a few days for Chicago, where, after a further
brief and, on the whole, gratifying experience, he con-
cluded to remain. Thus began a permanent connection
with the turf, which has since been his vocation.

The prevalent idea that permanently successful betting
upon horses is a mere matter of chance has, of course, no
foundation in fact. If demonstration of its falsity were
needed it could be supplied by the circumstances con-
nected with Mr. Smith's career. His theory from the
outset has been to look back at the previous form dis-
played by a given animal, and to determine as accurately
as possible to what class it belongs. Then, judging its
appearance in the preliminary gallop, he ascertains the
odds quoted against his selection, and if they are fair he
bets heavily and without hesitation. He possesses, it is

295

THE AMERICAN TURF

GEORGE E. SMITH

296

THE AMERICAN TURF

needless to say, marked rapidity of pei'ception and con-
fidence in iiimseif, and baci<s his own judgment, so tiiat
his winnings are both rapid and iai'ge to an extent that
have made him a figure of the Litmost prominence in the
contemporary turf.

Passing three years in Chicago, during which his
judgment became matured and his experience with
horses and racing in general greatly widened, he gained
more than a local reputation. In fact, the betting men
of that city became virtually afraid to measure conclu-
sions with him, some of them going so far as to refuse
his money when offered on a horse. This, with changes
in the betting laws affecting the Illinois tracks, induced
him to come to the East, where from the outset he
was successful, attracting great attention by one of the
peculiarities of his method, that of laying large sums
upon what are termed "long shots," placing heavier
amounts upon them than on even money favorites.
In fact, throughout his career he has been the admira-
tion and envy of the betting fraternity, members of
which have endeavored vainly to copy the persistence,
judgment and good fortune with which he pursues
this branch of the sport. In only one season since his
debut, that of 1896, has he failed to show a balance to
the credit side of the account, and in the year just men-
tioned his losses, some $80,000 in amount, included all
the expenses of his racing establishment.

A few of the many notable examples of Mr. Smith's
style of betting may be given here. In one race he
won $78,000 on King Cadmus. On Parvenue in one
race he won $44,000, and on this occasion would have
won $150,000 but for the fact that a mistake had been
made in the entry of Dagonet for the race ; the first
betting being declared off. On all Parvenue's races he
won $130,000. On Sir Walter, in the Brooklyn Handi-
cap, he won $36,600, and on Wernberg, $36,000 in
two races. In a single season it is estimated that he
has wagered no less than $2,500,000, or at the rate of
about $100,000 per week, while he has frequently won
or lost daily sums aggregating over $35,000.

Betting is, however, but one element in Mr. Smith's
interests in the running turf. He adheres to eminently
conservative views in relation to the general conduct of
racing, agreeing with the authorities who contend that
it is a sport for rich men. His stable has included some
horses of high reputation, including Parvenue, King Cad-
mus, Applause, Sweet Faverdale, Ed Kearney, Cande-
labra, Wernberg, Belmar, Rubicon, The Winner, Belde-
mere, Hamilton II., Howard Mann, Defargilla, Kern and
others.

Nearly all of those who have just been mentioned have
proved faithful and consistent performers and have won
for their owner many thousands of dollars. It must be
noted, however, especially as showing how, in spite of

the utmost care and liberal expenditure uncertainty ex-
ists in racing, that Defargilla was considerable of a dis-
appointment to her owner and lost for him $110,000.
On the other hand he has had many and substantial en-
couragements in his career as a racing man. Perhaps
his winning of the Brooklyn Handicap with Howard
Mann in 1897 gave him as much satisfaction as anything
that had ever occurred in his career. It had long been
his ambition to win one of the great events of the Ameri-
can turf and his pleasure was complete when Howard
Mann came in four lengths ahead of Lakeshore with
Handspring, Sir Walter, Ben Eder, Volley and others in
the field. At the same meeting Howard Mann won for
him the Parkway Handicap, beating such good ones as
Roundsman, Brandywine, Arabian, Lehman, Harry Reed
and Sunny Slope. In 1897 also, Belmar won for him the
Ocean Handicap, traveling the one mile in i minute, 41
seconds, beating such good ones as Hastings, Rondo,
Tom Cromwell and others.

On the whole his stable has been remarkably success-
ful and it is an interesting fact that his horses have won
proportionately more races in which they started than
those of any other owner on the turf. One thing that
has been instrumental in bringing about this result is un-
doubtedly Mr. Smith's generous manner in dealing with
his stable. In the care of his horses, his expenditures
are uniformly at a high figure. Few, if any establish-
ments, of the kind are maintained more generously or
incur greater expenditures in proportion to the number
of horses which they contain. He believes in paying
good salaries to his employees and thus has been able to
secure and retain the best men in his service. His horses
are trained by his brother, Mr. William C. Smith. For the
season of 1898 he has in training the six-year old Belmar,
the tive-year old The Winner, and Ahom, a promising
two-year old brown colt by Sir Dixon out of Roseville.
His racing colors are purple with canary cap.

While success such as Mr. Smith has achieved, natur-
ally could not fail to arouse envy in some quarters, the
esteem in which he is held by the turf world at large is
not the smallest tribute to the genuine worth of his
character and the modesty with which his prosperity is
borne. At no period of his career has his integrity been
questioned, nor has there ever been a breath of scandal
connected with his relations to the turf. On principle he
abstains from stimulants and tobacco, and though retir-
ing in disposition, is noted for his personal kindliness
and the charity which prompts him to assist others
where there can be no chance of repayment. He has
been prudent with his fortune, and besides providing for
members of his family has invested extensively in real
estate in Pittsburg, and in other securities. He resides
quietly in New York,. and has taken several trips to
Europe in search of rest and recreation.
297

THE AMERICAN TURF

-^ '«r

298

THE AM Rk I CAN TURF

299

THE AMERICAN TURF

After racing with a success that bid fair to place his
stable in the forefront of our leading owners, Colonel
Jacob Ruppert, Jr., decided to sell his horses, though to
the satisfaction of all friends of the sport, he still retains
a warm interest in it. Colonel Ruppert is one of the
most widely known and respected citizens of New York.
Identified with large brewing and other interests, the
necessity of giving attention to his property and busi-
ness concerns have been responsible for his relinquish-
ing an active participation in racing. He is a prominent
figure in the social
world of New York,
being a member of
many clubs and so-
cieties, a supporter of
charitable institutions
anda patron of the fine
arts and music. He
was born in New
York City, August 5,
1867.

The taste of Col-
onel Ruppert for rac-
ing was the growth
of years of experience
with horses. Own-
ing many fine animals
for driving or riding,
he naturally became
in time a lover of the
thoroughbred and of
the turf, and in 1891
became active in the
sport, the formation
of his celebrated stable
having commenced in
the autumn of that
year. He purchased
several horses, pay-
ing high prices and
selecting animals
whose pedigrees gave
assurances that they
would develop into
meritorious perform-
ers. The breeding

establishments of the country were searched for likely
recruits, and the owner of the new stable showed no
narrow spirit in making his choice, but impartially
drafted into his string representatives of many different
strains of thoroughbred blood. In a majority of in-
stances he was successful, many of his young horses
becoming noted performers.

Among the sons and daughters of famous sires and

dams who were included in the stable were Ajax,
Counter Tenor, Gotham, Manchester, Sport, Chatta-
nooga, Longdale and The Manxman, all of whom were
fiequent winners. Bamberg, Barine, Barytone II., Brier-
wood. Dare All, Favara, Irvington, Sandnymph, Mya,
Nihilist, Pequod, Stockbridge,Tanis,Tappawand Winde-
mere were also among the aggregation, though he raced
but few of them, and all were sold when he decided to
retire from racing, in 1895. He, however, retained Con-
cord (a full brother to Tyro) by Longfellow out of Leon-
ora Morris and East-
ertide by Lisbon out
of Easterday.

The members of
this string which
found most favor in
Colonel Ruppert's
eyes were Counter
Tenor and Gotham,
whom he believed to
be among the fastest
horses in the world
and in fact refused an
offer of $60,000 for
the pair. He also paid
$30,000 for St. Do-
mingo as a yearling,
but the youngster
justified neither his
lineage nor his cost,
being a practical fail-
ure. Ajax, however,
was a speedy animal
and placed many races
to his credit. His win-
nings, including 1896,
reached a total 01
$36,000.

Colonel Ruppert
during his turf career
was liberal with his
employees and popu-
lar alike with the
officials and the pub-
lic. His horses were
' trained by Messrs.
William Huston, John Campbell and William Lakeland.
The latter retained charge of Concord and Eastertide after
the Colonel's retirement, which was sincerely regretted
as a loss to honorable sport and correct methods. Among
the turf organizations with which Colonel Ruppert
is connected are the Coney Island and the Brooklyn
Jockey Clubs and the Suburban Riding and Driving
Association.

JACOB RUPPERT, Jr.

300

THE AMERICAN TURF

No American horseman of the present day has more
reason to be proud of the part he has played in the
history of the turf than Mr. Matthew Byrnes. Suc-
cessful as a jockey in his early years, he then became,
and has since remained, one of the foremost of train-
ers, and has prepared many of the best animals that
ever graced the turf with their victories. Mr. Byrnes
was born in 18S4 and, coming to America while yet
very young, has spent the greater part of his life in the
vicinity of New York.

The initial step in his
career on the turf was
taken when he entered
the stable of Mr. James
Bevins, of Long Island,
where he remained one
year, engaging then with
Major Bacon, whom he
left the following season
to enter the service of
Mr. Wyndham Walden,
the veteran trainer. The
Hon. August Belmont
was Mr. Byrnes' next
employer, with whom
he remained seven years.
His career in the saddle
was soon brought to an
end, however, as he de-
veloped in age and in
weight. He then pur-
chased for his own ac-
count several horses,
among them Venango,
Nettie B., KingB., Saun-
terer, and a number of
others, which he raced
through the Eastern and
Middle States with fair
success. Subsequently
he trained the thorough-
breds of Mr. Lyme Hitch-
cock, of Boston, among
them being such useful
horses as Limestone,
Quito and Galway. Soon afterward he joined Mr. Jacob
Pincus in charge of Mr. William Astor's horses, and
then as first assistant trainer to Mr. Pincus, became
attached to the stable of Mr. Pierre Lorillard.

When Mr. Lorillard made his famous campaign in
Europe he tookj^Mr. Pincus with him. Mr. Byrnes was
offered the honor of becoming trainer for those of Mr.
Lorillard's horses that remained on this side of the
ocean, but he declined in favor of Anthony Taylor,

MATTHEW BYRNES

with whom he remained as foreman. At the end of
six months, however, he was induced to take charge
of the stable in which Mr. Lorillard had such well
known performers as Parole, Wyoming, Hiwasse, Ar-
anza, Barrett, Wanda, Dew Drop, Pontiac and Drake
Carter. During five years he remained with the Ran-
cocas Stable, and when that was finally disposed of he
trained such horses as the Dwyer Brothers purchased
at Mr. Lorillard's sale. In securing Dew Drop and

Pontiac, together with
the services of Mr.
Byrnes, the Dwyers
placed their fortunes in
connection with racing
upon a firm foundation.
A year was spent in the
employ of the Dwyer
Brothers, and then Mr.
Byrnes accepted a posi-
tion with Mr. J. B. Hag-
gin, with whom he re-
mained until Mr. Hag-
gin retired from racing.
It was for Mr. Haggin
that he trained some of
the greatest race horses
America ever possessed,
among them being those
remarkable animals, Sal-
vator and Firenze.

Next, Mr. Byrnes was
attached to the establish-
ment of Mr. Marcus
Daly, of the Bitter Root
Stock Farm. There he
handled the famous
horses that have been
identified with Mr.
Daly's racing colors.
Several years ago, Mr.
Byrnes purchased a farm
at Eatontown, N. J., op-
posite the Monmouth
Park track. It is known
as the Chestnut Hill Farm,
and its owner, at an expenditure of $50,000, has made
it a complete breeding establishment.

Mr. Byrnes' career as a trainer has been rounded out
with all that could be asked for in the shape of success.
Besides this, his own horses have been prominent on the
turt, among them having been George Kessler, a son of
Salvator and Miss Woodford; and Salvado, a son of
Salvator and Orion. His name will go down to poster-
ity as one of the greatest trainers of the day.

301

THE AMERICAN TURF

One of the real old-timers of the American turf is Mr.
Green B. Morris. Probably few American turfmen now
living have handled a greater number of first class
horses. Mr. Morris was born in Madison, Miss., in
1837. When he was a mere child his father removed to
White River, Mo., where he was brought up. At the
age of fourteen he left home and engaged in driving a
cattle train across the plains to California, and in the
Golden State he engaged in mining and afterward in
agricultural pursuits. During the last year of the Civil
War he started East
again, buying and sell-
ing horses and finally
entered the racing field
in Missouri and Texas.

His success was
considerable from the
outset, and he was
soon able to come
North and take part
in the meetings in and
around New York.
From that time on he
has raced regulai'ly
at all the important
courses in the coim-
try. For some yeais
he was in partnership
with Mr. James Pat-
ton, and that reliable
horse, Bill Dillon,
whom he purchased
from Mr. Patton, was
the first to bring suc-
cess to him. After the
dissolution of that
partnership he en-
gaged in racing inde-
pendently.

Some of the most
famous horses ever
known to the Ameri-
can turf have been
owned and run by
Mr.. Morris at some period in their career.
have been Judge Morrow, the winner of the Brooklyn
Handicap; Sir Dixon, Strath meath. Tipstaff, Drake
Carter, Rex, Gold Bug, Duke of Kent, Fellowplay,
Knight Templar, and numerous others of equal distinc-
tion. Although his turf career has never been of a sen-
sational character, there have been many years when he
has been ranked high up on the list of winning owners.
He has been conspicuously a representative of a class of
hard working, practical racing men, who have done as

Among them

much as any of their associates to develop and improve
the sport.

A notable example of Mr. Morris' skill was Star Ruby.
This horse he took charge of for Mr. J. B. Haggin, and
developed him into a great racer. Star Ruby could
travel almost any distance. He won the Thornton Stakes
in California in 1896, the time, 7 minutes, 23^ seconds,
being one of the sensational features of that season.

In recent years the principal horses that Mr. Morris
has run have been Lobengula, Sallie Clicquot, Sir Dick,

Sandowne and others.
With Lobengula, in

1897, he won many
good races. At the
Fort Erie, Ont,, Course
he won a one-mile
event in i minute, 42 J^
seconds, and a i-^-^
mile in i minute, 47^
seconds. At Morris
Park, at the Novem-
ber meeting, he ran
I H miles over the
hill in I minute, 55
seconds, beating Ben
Eder and other fair
horses. SallieClicquot,
by Salvator out of the
Widow Clicquot, was
also a good winner in
1897.

For the season ot

1898, Mr. Morris has
had in training Sir
Dick by Sir Dixon out
of Fauna; the bay
colt Fresmarby Frenso
out of Martine; the
brown colt Tyrba by
Tyrant out of Baby;
the chestnut colt Tyr-
shena by Tyrant out
of Shena Van; the
chestnut colt Isling-

tem by Islington out of Temascal, and the bay colt
July Gip by July out of Gipsy. These are all two-year
olds, except Sir Dick, who is three years old. During
his long career, Mr. Morris has raised trainers and
jockeys, as well as horses. He has been skillful in
instructing some of the boys and men who in sub-
sequent years have achieved reputation in connection
with racing. Among them have been Jim Harris, Ed
Heffner, Bob Tucker, Willie Martin, Cad Dogget and
many others,

■rill'. AMI' kIC.W" TURF

Oiu' (il the niDSl pdpular IraiiKis in AiiK-rica is Mr.
.Andrew J. Joyiier or " Jack " Joyner, as he is known all
over the country. He has been identi'.ied with racing,
and with thoroughbreds, from the time that he was a
mere lad. Reserved his apprenticeship for several years
with Mr. William Wyche, one of the most successful old-
time trainers, but now long since passed away. In

1878, he appeared upon the turf with the mare Annie G.,
and with her he beat the bushes of the two Carolinas,
carrying off many prizes at the county fairs. For four
years, beginning with

1879, he was foreman
for Mr. W. P. Burch. In
the stable of that turf-
man were such good
performers as Governor
Hampton, Colonel
Sprague, Helen Wallace,
Decoy Duck, Mittie B..
Burch and others. The
success of these horses
was in the largest meas-
ure due to Mr. Joyner's
skill in handling them.
After leaving Mr. Burch,
he was engaged in train-
ing for Davis & Hall un-
til 1889. The horses
that were under his
charge were invariably
brought to the post in
the pink of condition,
and a generous share of
the good things of the
race meetings fell to
them. When Messrs. Da-
vis & Hall retired, Mr.
joyner made a venture on
his own account. He
bought several ^ood
horses, among them that
excellent winner Chesa-
peake, and his colors
flashed to the front in
many a close finish.
Subsequently, he opened
a public training stable, where he handled his own horses
and also several for Messrs. August Belmont and J. E.
McDonald. His success was of such a decided charac-
ter that Mr. Belmont signed a contract with him to train
for the Belmont Stable, and he remained there until the
close of the season of 1895. During the last year of his con-
nection with Mr. Belmont, the horses trained by him were
returned winners on over forty different occasions.

ANDREW J. JOYNER

l\'rhaps nothing has, in his long career, given Mr.
joyner more satisfaction than his success with Oritlamme.
Mr. James G. Rowe had given Oriflamme to Mr. T. B.
Davis for stud purposes, it being supposed that the
horse was broken down. When Mr. Joyner started
South with him he was very lame, but when he landed
at Washington, strange to say, he was apparently
sound, and Mr. Davis was persuaded by Mr. Joyner to
have him trained for another year. The plan was most
successful, as the turf world well knows, for after Mr.

Joyner had brought Ori-
flamme into condition he
beat all the best horses
he met, including Fir-
enze in the Fordham
Handicap, and he ran
unplaced only once in
seventeen starts.

Recently, Mr. Joyner
has had in his stable
the horses of Messrs.
David Gideon, W. A.
Chanler and Oliver H. P.
Belmont. The Gideon
horses that he has
brought to notable
victories are Leedsville
by Pontiac out of The
Squaw: Philip by im-
ported Rayon D'Or out
of Carrie Phillips; Froh-
man by Himyar out of
Jewel Ban; Wasteful by
Knight of Ellerslie out of
Squander; Katisha by
imported Darebin out of
Yum Yum ; Touraine by
Himyar out of Lady Ag-
. nes; and Jack Point by
Sir Dixon out of Merry

The horses which Mr.
Jovner owns are Her-
mann the Great by Strat-
ford out of Covee; Au-
tumn by Uncas out of
Meadowvale; Mr. Clay by imported Darebin out of Miss
Clay; Menu by imported i3arebin out of Cuisine; Sagasta
by Hayden Edwards: Ninety Cents by imported Sir
Modred; Mail Bag by Kinglike and King's Pride by
Prestonpans. The name of Joyner has always been
inseparably connected with the best interests of his
employers. His talent and devotion to the turf give him
a fixed place among America's great trainers.

303

THE AMERICAN TURF

Prominent among the trainers of American tlnorougii-
breds is Mr. Frank McCabe, many years identified witli
the red, blue sash colors, of Dwyer Bros.' Stable. Mr.
McCabe was born at Paterson, N. J., March 15, 1859, and
as a boy entered the stable of Col. McDaniel at Secaucus,
N. J., where he was employed exercising horses be-
longing to that gentleman, with whom he remained
eight years. Then he engaged with a Canadian owner,
Mr. Valentine, with whom he had the usual preliminary
training, and acquired
a firm understanding
of all details connected
with the management
and preparation of
horses for the track.

During his stay with
Mr. Valentine he ac-
quired some means and
after five years of serv-
ice he branched out
as an owner and train-
er, buying several
horses, among them
being Ascot and Flavia.
After two or three
years' ownership he
disposed of his stable
and then entered upon
an engagement which
resulted in making him
foremost as a trainer of
thoroughbreds.

At the time Mr. James
G.. Rowe was in charge
of Dwyer Bros. ' horses,
McCabe was employed
to assist him, which
position he retained un-
til Mr. Rowe severed
his connection with the
stable; then he was put
in sole charge of the
entire string.

Previous to his en-
gagement with the
Dwyer Bros., McCabe
had ridden some of America's lamous thoroughbreds.
Among others was Joe Daniels, winner of the sixth
Belmont, and a horse that had shown as high form as any
two-year old of his day. Stockwood, reared in Kentucky,
was another of McCabe's mounts. He was owned by
Mr. Daniel Swigert and was at one time considered an
excellent horse. Hubbard, Sue Rider, Ocleope, and
manv others were also piloted in their races by McCabe.

FRANK McCABE

Finally, however, like many other jockeys, he began to
take on flesh beyond the possibility of reducing to light
weight and was forced to abandon the saddle.

Naturally the step from being a jockey to becoming a
trainer was easy to take, and for years past Mr. McCabe
has given his entire attention to this branch of horse rac-
ing. During his career as trainer he has been pre-
eminently successful in bringing to the post those noted
turf wonders whose names, so brilliantly and imperish-

ably connected with
the Dwyer Brothers,
will be readily and
agreeably recalled.
Many of them will fig-
ure most conspicuously
in the history of Amer-
ica's greatest thorough-
breds of this or of any
other period and it has
been in no small meas-
ure due to Mr. Mc-
Cabe's skill that they
were able to win some
of the greatest prizes
known to the contem-
poraneous turf.

When the Dwyer
Brothers dissolved
partnership in 1890,
Mr. McCabe was en-
gaged for a short time
in handling the horses
of Mr. Frederick Geb-
hard. But the value
of his services had not
been forgotten by his
former employers, and
presently he was called
again to take charge of
Mr. Philip J. Dwyer's
horses. With Mr.
Dwyer he has since re-
mained and has now
full charge of that gen-
tleman's string.
As a trainer Mr. Mc-
Cabe stands among the very best, being in a class that
ranks second to none other in the profession. Of un-
assuming manners, and true to every trust that may be
imposed upon him, he has won the admiration of all
genuine sportsmen, and to him is due no small part
of the success attained by the Messrs. Dwyer. His
methods are sound, and his knowledge of horseflesh and
its capabilities is probably unsurpassed in his profession.

304

THE AMERICAN TURF

Few st;ibles in tlie histoi'v of the American tiirl' liave
been more widely ciironicled than that of the Dwver
Brothers. Fortunate purchases from the sale of the
Belmont stable established the Dwyer Brothers in racing
affairs and they immediately jumped into a position of
powers of the first magnitude in the racing world. Mr.
Philip J. Dwyer, who has long been President of the
Brooklyn Jockey Club, has become widely known in
turf circles, not only in the United States, but even in
Europe. Born in Brooklyn, N. Y., in 1845, he has
always made his home in the City of Churches, with

their stable such notable thoroughbreds as Bramble,
Hindoo, Miss Woodford, George Kinney, Longstreet,
Luke Blackburn, Tremont, Hanover, Dewdrop, Runny-
mede, Pontiac and Kingston. The list embraces names
that are the most distinguished in the later day history
of the American turf.

Until i8qo, the Dwyer Brothers continued together,
but in that year Mr. Philip J. Dwyer set out independ-
ently and started a stable of his own. His first personal
possessions included Eon, Sir John, Declare, Kennell,
Reclare, Long Beach, Madrid, Patrician and Passover.

p. J. DWYER

HANDSPRING

the exception of two years that he passed in Califor-
nia when he was a young man.

Mr. Dwyer's connection with racing dates from 1875,
when, with his brother, Mr. Michael F. Dwyer, he first
displayed his stable colors, red with blue sash. The par-
ticular event of the debut of the Dwyer Brothers was the
■appearance of that wonderful three-year old Rhadaman-
thus, which they had purchased from Mr. Belmont. The
triumphs of Rhadamanthus inspired the Messrs. Dwyer
with renewed enthusiasm for the turf and they at once
began to increase the number of their horses, adding to

Afterward he purchased that wonderful colt. Handspring,
son of Hanover and My Favorite, who carried the Dwyer
colors to success in some of the most brilliant turf
events of his two and three-year old career.

Mr. Dwyer's string for 1898 included Rifle, Passover,
Handpress, Handball, Miss Miriam, Hop Scotch, Sharp-
less, Overboard and several others, the larger number of
the stable being promising two-year olds. There is no
more upright and popular sportsman in the United States
than Mr. Dwyer, and he is properly credited with having
done much to sustain honorable racing methods.

305

THE AMERICAN TURF

In all walks of life it has long been remarked that to a
very large extent the present is an era of young men.
More than ever before in the history of the world have
the young men come forward to take the lead in affairs
of business, in public administration and in successful
professional activity. The theory that a man must needs
be old and gray haired before he can expect to achieve
success has long ago been relegated to the lumber room,
where we stow away exploded ideas that are no longer
useful. Young men come to the front and by their
energy, activity, quick grasp of the situation, and broad
comprehension of possi-
bilities, achieve success
that is not only brilliant,
but is as equally well de-
served.

In the world that devotes
itself to thoroughbred rac-
ing, there have been many
striking illustrations of the
successful young man. An
admirable representative of
this class is Mr. Frank L.
Parker. Although, as com-
pared with some others in
the ranks, he has seen few
years, and is in fact one of
the very youngest of own-
ers of thoroughbreds in
the United States, he has
achieved both success and
reputation. There is abund-
ant reason for the success
that has distinguished him,
and the result in his case is
another exemplification of
the value of early training
and of constant association
from boyhood days with
those interests to which a
man may devote his life-
time.

Mr. Parker was born in
Chicago May lo, 1875.
His experience with horses

began early and was of the most practical char-
acter from the outset. His grandfather, Mr. Tabor
Warren, was the proprietor of a large stock farm
located near Cleveland, O. Mr. Parker enjoyed the
advantages afforded by this stock farm, even when he
was no more than a school-boy. His education in rid-
ing and driving began almost as soon as he was able to
walk. His aptitude early displayed itself, and he also
had an almost intuitive knov/ledge of both the good and

FRANK L. PARKER

bad points about a horse, and how to manage him to the
best advantage. When he was only fourteen years of
age he made his first appearance on the track through
the trotting horse. On this occasion he drove a bay
horse, Cupid, which his father had presented to him as
a road horse. The race was at the Chagrin Falls Ohio
Course, and he won the event to the great surprise of the
older horsemen, who scarcely expected to see such skill
in horsemanship in a mere boy.

The father of Mr. Parker was a well-known and promi-
nent business man of New York City, where he has been

located for more than
twenty years. The son
was educated in New York
and also in Ohio, and after
he had attained to man-
hood determined to de-
vote himself in earnest to
a racing career. In asso-
ciation with his brother,
the late Mr. Charles W.
Parker, he made a substan-
tial beginning at the well-
known stock farm, Alton-
wood Park. There they
had their own track and
training stable, and devoted
their personal attention to
all the details of managing
the establishment. Their
father was associated with
them, and together they
maintained a stud farm of
large size, keeping from 50
to 150 horses all the time,
together with expensive
herds of fine bred cattle
and a kennel of the best
imported breeds of dogs.

In 1890, and the two
years immediately follow-
ing, they made many ac-
quisitions to their stable,
becoming the owners of
Frank L., Maid of Alton-
wood, Vandyke, Merry Duke, Mohican, Runaway
and others. Maid of Altonwood was by Ben D'Or
out of Lady Glasgow, Vandyke by Vanderbilt out
of Miss Dawson, Merry Duke by Duke of Montrose
out of Fun, and Mohican by Iroquois out of Bertha
by imported Glenelg. One notable member of Mr.
Parker's string was Lake Shore, who ran successfully
for several years. He was a handsome chestnut horse
by Farandole out of Guayaquil and was foaled in

"106

'I'llF. AlMI'-UICAN TURF

icSqi. Duiiiiii his caieer on the turf he defeated some
of the best horses in training, including Sir Waiter,
Sister Mary. Lamplighter, Volley. Cromwell, Hanwell
and numerous others. In 1895, at Morris i^ark, he won
a high weight handicap over the Withers mile in 1 min-
ute, 42,L' seconds. In iSg6, he won a sweepstakes at
Sheepshead Bay, i mile, in i minute, 45 seconds, beat-
ing Deerslayei' and Carib. In 1897, at the Fort Frie, Ont. ,
Course, he won a I'ace at 1 ,V, miles in 1 minute, 46)^
seconds. In 1897 he finished second in the Brooklyn
Handicap and was, unfortunately, cut down in the Subur-
ban. He died at Sheepshead Bay in May, 1898.

In December, 189s, Mr. Charles W. Parker died and

His extreme modesty of character and thoroughgoing
sportsmanship have made friends for him in all sections
of the turf world. He is known to horsemen generally
throughout the country, and, unlike many young men
who have attained success in a field of operation that
presents so many difficulties and pitfalls, has success-
fully maintained a sterling reputation..

The racing colors of Mr. Parker's stable are orange
with black sleeves and cap. Besides the horses already
mentioned his string has included many other good
ones, among them Ameer and Ross O. Ameer, who
is now seven years old. is a chestnut horse by imported
Kingston out of jewelry. He has run many winning

LAKE SHORE

his brother took full charge of the stable. It is scarcely
necessary to say that Mr. Parker has secured a fixed
place among the most prominent owners of the period.
His abundant financial means have enabled him to
gratify his tastes to the fullest extent and he has spared
neither time nor expense in maintaining his stable
always in the best of condition. His thorough and
sound knowledge of all the infinite details connected
with the care and preparation of horses for the race
track gives him a decided advantage which is undoubt-
edly one of the many contributing causes to his success.

races, defeating such good ones as Trinculo, Pitfall,
Phoebus, Halton and others. Ross O. is a bay gelding by
imported Rossington out of Bourne O. His best achieve-
ment in 1897 was in winning a six furlongs race at Sara-
toga in I minute, 17 seconds, over a- very heavy track, de-
feating Tripping, Orion and others. With good material
at his command and with the experience gained during
his career, Mr. Parker should, in the natural order of
things, gain further and substantial fame. That he should
take a place of commanding importance among the horse
owners of the country may well be predicted of him.

307

THE AMERICAN TURF

Numbered among the most active men of Canada in
business and in public life, Mr. Joseph E. Seagram has
also been pre-eminently distinguished in connection
with the turf in the Dominion and in the United States.
He has long been interested in public affairs in Canada,
where he is a man of influence in politics, being a mem-
ber of Parliament. He was born in Ontario, April is,
1 84 1, and was an owner of horses when but a mere boy.
His active turf career, however, did not commence until
later in life. As soon as he attained to manhood he
engaged in business
pursuits, being a mil-
ler and distiller on a
large scale. This oc-
cupation, for a time,
monopolized all his
energies, so that he
was unable to give
any consideration to
racing, which had,
however, already en-
listed, to some extent,
his services.

Close attention to
business soon reaped
its reward in hand-
some financial re-
turns, so that at last
he had both the time
and the means to in-
dulge again in the
pleasures of the turf.
Since his return to
racing in 1887, he
has owned and raced
many of the distin-
guished thorough-
breds that have been
known on the Cana-
dian tracks, while his
horses have also per-
formed in the most
creditable manner
upon many of the
leading courses in the
United States. Prom-
inent in his stable have been such champions as Victor-
ious, Martyrdom, Saragossa, O'Donohue, Havoc, Half-
ling, Martello, Joe Miller, Bonniefield, Millbrook, Trage-
dian and Fernandine, all of whom have been great
performers.

One particular distinction Mr. Seagram has, in the fact
that he has accomplished what no other turfman has
succeeded in doing, and that is winning a Blue Ribbon

CHARLES BOYLE

event for eight years in succession. The Queen's Plate
is the prize which he has thus carried off season after
season. This he won the first year with Victorious ; the
second year with O'Donohue; the third year with Mar-
tello; the fourth year with Joe Miller; the fifth year with
Bonniefield; the sixth year with Millbrook; the seventh
year with Fernandine; and the eighth year with Bon Ino.
This race, which is run at Toronto, is i }{ miles distance.
Victorious, who won in 1891, was a son ot Terror,
and covered the course in 2 minutes, 14^-2 seconds,

making the record
time for the event.
Both O'Donohue and
Martello, who won in
1892 and 1893 re-
spectively, were by
Cromaboo, and Mar-
tello reduced the tim.e
to 2 minutes, 14 sec-
onds. The winners in
the three successive
years, 1894, 1895 and
1896, were all by
Springfield. Fernan-
dine, who won in 1897,
was by Fernandez,
and reduced the rec-
ord for the event to
2 minutes, 13 sec-
onds. Bon Ino, who
won in 1898, is a
handsome four-year
old brown mare by
Marauder out of Bon-
nie Ino. Delmoor,
another representa-
tive of the Seagram
Stable, ran second to
Bon Ino.

Mr. Seagram main-
tains an extensive
breeding establish-
ment in Canada, his
farm being by far the
most important of its
kind in that section.
At the head of his stud are the stallions Morpheus, Sara-
gossa, Marauder and imported Springfield. The mares
whom he keeps for service number some forty or more,
most of whom are imported, while all are of the choicest
thoroughbred blood. He has over sixty horses in training,
some of whom are raced through the Canadian circuit,
while others try their fortunes upon the leading courses
in the United States. Mr. Seagram has long been a

308

THE AMERICAN TURF

familial' lia'ure upon the Anu'rican tracks, where some
of the large stakes have been placed to his credit, and
he is known throughout the country as a thorough
sportsman of the first class. His stal^le is now in
charge of Mr. Charles Boyle, who is well known,
both in Canada and the States, as one of the fore-
most trainers of this generation. Mr. Seagram is
fortunate in having a trainer of Mr. Boyle's ability and
integrity in charge of his stable. Several of the old
campaigners, who have carried Mr. Seagram's colors,
are still in training. Among these are Stonemason by
Stonehenge outof Marv Buckley; Morpheus by Wenlock

Belle, K. C. B., Defiance, Flag of Truce and Weller; King's
Ransom by Kinglike; Satirist by Juvenal; Galahad by Sir
Modred; Sugden by St. Leonards; Mischief Maker by
Meddler; two Morpheus fillies. Buffoonery and Curfew
Belle; two Orinoco fillies, Pledge and Salamanca; the
chestnut gelding Cocoanut by Orinoco; three Othmar
fillies, Terralta, Ottoman and Bonnet Box; Floridian by
Tristan ; and Procession by Order.

The remarkable strength of Mr. Seagram's Stable in
recent years may be best understood, perhaps, by a brief
reference to some of his most notable winnings. Season
after season he has carried off most of the great prizes at

J. E. SEAGRAM

SARAGOSSA

out of Golden Dream; Joe Miller by Springfield out oi
Milley; Havocby Himyar out of Elletta; Connoisseur by
Sir Modred out of Dixianne; Halfling by Macheath out of
Moiety; Patrol by King Gallop out of Patience; Trage-
dian by Egmont out of Veva; Bon Ino by Marauder
out of Bonnie Ino, and Dandelion by Dandy Dinmont
out of Shamrock. The two-year olds that Mr. Seagram
has in training number some forty or more. They are
a goodly lot of the best parentage. Among them are
Sir Casimir by Exile; two Faverdale colts, Airdale and
Fabulous Fortune; five Knio-ht of Ellerslie colts, Knisht

the Toronto meeting, many of them several times. Thus
the Qiieen's Plate, the Ontario Plate, the Woodstock
Plate, the Norway Purse, the Toronto Cup, the Dominion
Plate, the Walker Cup and other stakes and purses not
of secondary importance, have fallen to him. The suc-
cesses that his stable has achieved en the Toronto course
are but samples drawn from the long list of victories that
have been credited to him elsewhere, in Canada and in
the United States. He has shown himself to be a gentle-
man of true sporting instincts and an honor to the turf, as
he is one of its most valued supporters.

309

THE AMERICAN TURE

310

'rill'". AMI'.klC.W TUKl'

AnotliL-r illLisliatidii ol'lhc successful jockey who hiis
in turn become a trainer of excellent reputation and
thence has jfrown into the full stature of an owner, Mr.
Robert V. Boyle has had an interesting career. So
rrec]uently in any consideration of the active owners and
trainers of the present day is it necessai'y to point out
how they have advanced from small beginnings that their
history may from one point of view be considered some-
what monotonous. The student of the period, however,
naturally finds in this very monotony one of the most
engaging features of modern turf development, for it pre-
sents a vitally instructive lesson, especially as showing
how industry and merit reap their full rewards in this
pursuit.

Mr. Boyle must be placed in the front rank of those
who have attained to gratifying and well earned success
from the humblest begin-
ning. His experience has
extended over a period of
about fifteen years and has
been of a varied and im-
portant character. It was
almost inevitable from the
circumstances of his birth
that he should become a
racing man, for he was
born near Sheepshead Bay,
L. I., September 8, 1871.
It would have been con-
trary to the logical order of
things if he had devoted
himself to any other pur-
suit than that which has
been so conspicuously
identified with Sheepshead
Bay. His definite career in
connection with the turf
began when he was only
twelve years of age. At

ROBERT V. BOYLE

nected with the stable of Mr. Davis he had many good
mounts, among them being Old Hickory, Bob May and
Battledore and his many victories materially increased his
already strong reputation. In 1889, he was engaged to
ride for Mr. Sam Love and on St. John and St. Luke, the
principal horses of that turfman's string, he was able to
place several excellent races to his credit.

When increasing weight made it no longer possible
for Boyle to continue in the saddle, he turned his at-
tention to the profession of training, that ultimate refuge
of all jockeys. He still maintained his connection with
Mr. Love, however, and soon demonstrated his skill in
his new employment by bringing some very good racers
to the front. His first attempt as a trainer was particu-
larly notable, for he had the handling of Ballarat, who
under his care won ten races. He also trained St. John,

St. Luke and Lewinsky. In
1893, he became trainer for
Mr. J. Reiser, having in his
charge Pay-or-Play, West
Park, Innovation, King
Leo, Sorrento, Irish Lass
and other good ones. With
this string he won some-
thing like $20,000 for his
employer.

Becoming an owner
himself in 1894, Mr. Boyle
had a stable in which were
Heads or Tails and Mamie
R. Both these horses he
raced for a year, meeting
with very good luck. In
the following year he
owned and trained Sep-
tuor, a brown colt by Ox-
lip out of imported Steph-
anette. Although classed
as a candidate for selling

that time he became an exercise boy m the stable of the races, Septuor, under Mr. Boyle's skilful handling, de-
veloped remarkably good powers. Again and again he
defeated many of the most notable stake horses on the
contemporaneous turf His maiden race as a two-year
old was at Pimlico in 189s, and during that season he
won a single race out of eight starts and secured a place
three times. In his three-year old form he started in
thirty-one races, of which he won eleven and was placed
in eleven. Among the high-class performers that he de-
feated were Ben Eder, Hazlet, Aurelian, Premier, Bona-
parte, Patrol and Charade, the list showing that his
victories have come from his merit and his owner's
skilful handling and not from chance. Mr. Boyle's
success with Septuor led him to increase his stable by
adding May Frances, Captain Nash and others.

Messrs. Dwyer Brothers. There he served an apprentice-
ship, under that capable trainer, Mr. James G. Rowe,
and it would not be easy to name a better school for a
youngster than the Dwyer Stable with Mr. Rowe as
master.

After remaining with the Dwyers for one season he
rode for several owners in 1884, and was successful in
winning some good races. Among those for whom he
then rode most frequently was Mr. William Stoops. One
of the best mounts that he had at this time was Tornado
by imported Glenlion out of Estella, whom he rode to
several victories. In 1888, he became jockey for Mr.
James Davis, who was widely and affectionately known
as "Old Hickory." During the year that he was con-

311

THE AMERICAN TURF

Probably no trainer in the country enjoys greater or
more deserved popularity than Mr. William Lakeland.
Nor, if results be the test, is there any man in racing
circles of the present era whose professional knowledge,
whether applied on his own behalf as an owner, or in
connection with the great establishments of our modern
turf magnates, has been more practical and successful.
Mr. Lakeland has virtually given his whole life to the
business, and has climbed the ladder of success by his
own intelligence and efforts. He is to-day a represen-
tative of what perseverance and integrity can accom-
plish. Born in Manchester, England, in 1853, he came to
this country a lad of eleven. He was deprived of early
educational advantages, and
his start in life was in the
unpromising capacity of
helper in a cotton mill at
Paterson, N. J., in which
city his boyhood was
passed.

It was in the year 1869
that his connection with
racing began, the Babcock
Stable affording him the
first opportunities in this
connection. In this stable
were several prominent
thoroughbreds, such as
Helen Bold, General Abe
Buford's horse, Enquirer,
and Susan M., dam of
Thorn. The first winter
that Lakeland passed with
Mr. Babcock was spent in
New Orleans. In the spring
of 1870, when the stable
moved North, its training
was placed in the hands
of Mr. Patterson, and at the
initial meeting at Long
Branch, Lakeland received
his first mount.

As a jockey, Lakeland rode and won some very sen-
sational races. Among the number may be mentioned
Wildidle's performance in California, where he beat
Grinstead, subsequently a notable sire. Foster was an-
other of his mounts, riding whom in California he won
$30,000 for the owner, defeating Rutherford and other
speedy animals. Mr. Lakeland's connection with the
Babcock Stable was severed in 1882, but he had become
an owner of racers on his own account as early as 1876.
His first purchase was General Harney, the winner 01
the two-mile heat and the four-mile heat races at the
Centennial meeting at New Orleans in 1876. Altogether

during his career as an owner, Mr. Lakeland has laid out
more than $200,000 for race horses, and, with the ex-
ception of two seasons, during which he trained for Mr.
James R. Keene, he has always trained and run his own
horses.

During nearly thirty years Mr. Lakeland has been
prominently before the racing public. To particularize
in connection with his record for that period is to recall
the names of many of the stars of the turf, among whom
Domino holds the leading position. Indeed, Mr. Lake-
land himself says that that horse was the greatest he
ever trained out of the entire number of fast animals and
large stake winners that have owed their success to his

skill. The list is a long
one, and it includes such
horses of note as Exile,
Tea Tray, Kimball, Tattler,
Babcock, General Harney,
Keene Richard, Jr., Ern-
est, Peg Woffington, Buck-
tie (winner of the Chicago
Derby), Emma C, Victory,
Typhoon and Little Reb.
The latter was a little horse
that won three races in one
day and five races in three
days. At the sale of Mr.
J. J. McCafferty's horses in
the autumn of 1896, Mr.
Lakeland acquired Judge
Hancock, Gold Crest and
Winged Foot.

For the season of 1898,
Mr. Lakeland is handling
the Eastern horses of Mr.
Marcus Daly's stable, and
has been successful in
bringing several of them to
the front as winners in the
early meetings of the year.
His own horses are nearly
a dozen in number. The
tried ones are Decide, Winged Foot, Joe Anderson,
George Boyd, and Squire Abingdon. His two-year olds
are Florence Breckenridge and Plumage by Goldfinch,
Chorus Boy by Chorister, Young Exile by Exile, and
Ethel Green by Tea Tray.

Mr. Lakeland enjoys a popularity as wide as it is fully
deserved. He is one of the practical men of the turf,
and has won throughout his professional life the confi-
dence and respect of turf officials, owners and public
as well. Added to profound knowledge of horses, their
nature and capabilities, he possesses an acquaintance
with and respect for the best traditions of racing.

WILLIAM LAKELAND

THE AMERICAN TURF

Making a reputation lii'st as an exceptionally line
jockey, principally in hurdle races and steeplechasing,
Mr. James H. McCormick became a trainer of note and
has also earned tame as an owner. He was born at
Belleville, N. J., August 2=^. 18^5, and began his appren-
ticeship to the turf in iSbq. when Jerome Park, Saratoga
and Secaucus, N. J., had the only meetings in the East.
His first employers were Messrs. Thomas Puryear and
Louis Stuart. As James Stuart did the riding for the
stable, McCormick had little chance for advancement,
though he did some
clever flat riding for
Mr. Hugh McGaffney.

His next employer
was Mr. A. D. Brown,
of Maryland, whose
trainer was John
J. Hyland, and the
cross-country riding
for the establishment
was entrusted to Mc-
Cormick and Hyland.
On leaving Mr.
Brown he wenttothe
famous stable of
Dwyer Brothers and
continued to ride over
the jumps and act as
assistant trainer to Mr.
James Rowe. He had,
among other mounts,
Derby and Kinney,
but in June, 1879,
met with a bad fall at
the Coney Island
Jockey Club meet at
Prospect Park, now
the Brooklyn Track.

This ended his
career as jockey and,
on recovering, he ac-
cepted a position to
train for Mr. W. A.
Engerman, the foun-

JAMES H. Mccormick

der of the Brighton Beach Racing Association. Baton
Rouge, Miss Malloy and Swanona were among the
horses he trained in this stable. His next move was to
open a public training stable, in which venture he was
successful, having the horses of such men as Mr. August
Belmont, Sr., Mr. William L. Scott, of Erie, and Mr.
A. F. Walcott. By this time -he had acquired and ran
several useful race horses of his own, including Auto-
crat, Firefly, Early Blossom, Sparling and Marguerite.
Early Blossom won the first two-year old stake of her

year, and took her name from the title given to it. She
was a decidedly clever filly. Out of 89 starts she took
some part of the stakes 71 times. Firefly also won a
great many selling races, while Sparling was twenty
times a winner. All the others were reliable per-
formers.

Among the horses of note which Mr. McCormick
trained was Mr. Thomas Hanley's Glenullen, which was
the first horse to make a mile record as good as 1.41!^
over the Sheepshead Bay Course. He also trained

Avalon, a famous
sprinter. For Mr. John
Mullins he trained
Badge, who was sec-
ond to Castaway II.
in the Brooklyn Han-
dicap. He also had
the care of Mr. H. O.
Barnard's horses, and
of several for the once
famous plunger, Mr.
F. T. Walton, includ-
ing Deceiver, Wagner,
Hopeful and Three
Cheers. The last-
named horse won for
Mr. Walton over
150,000, of which he
presented Mr. Mc-
Cormick with $5,000.
For a short time
Mr. McCormick en-
gaged in winter rac-
ing, but later on sold
his stable for $55,000,
and became trainer
for Mr. G. Walbaum,
with whom he re-
mained for two years,
until that well-known
turf man sold out his
stable. During this
time Mr McCormick
had the handling of
Lamplighter.

that notably brilliant performer.

The next engagement into which Mr. McCormick en
tered was with Messrs. Burns & Waterhouse. These
gentlemen have some forty horses in training, and are
also proprietors of a ranch purchased from Mr. Theo.
Winters and once noted as the home of Norfolk. The
members of the firm have large interests in California
and Mexico. Not only is Mr. McCormick a master of
the art of training, but he has accumulated a handsome
fortune at his profession.

3^3

THE AMERICAN TURF

Instances are not lacking in connection with tlie
liistory of the turf, both past and present, which prove
that the professional employments connected with it
afford a field for the exercise of natural skill and talent
of a superior order, and that the possession of such quali-
ties opens the way to an honorable success by no means
inferior to that which could be attained in any other
pursuit. The career of Mr. William H. Karrick is
an illustration of this idea, while his success emphasizes
the fact that unswerving integrity and unceasing industry
lead to the highest rewards the racing world can bestow.
Born at Covington, Ken-
tucky, in 1867, Mr. Kar-
rick commenced early in
life to tin humble posi-
tions in various racing
stables. His first en-
gagement was in 1882,
when he was with Mr.
Hanigan at Latonia.

He remained with this
establishment for some
four" or five years, in the
last two of which he
filled the position of fore-
man. He then went with
Mr. J. W. Rogers, exer-
cising horses, and, in
1888, entered the stable
of Colonel David T. Pul-
sifer in the same capac-
ity. The string with
which he thus became
connected included such
performers as Governor
Sheehan, Drum Major,
Will Elliott and others,
but the gem of the ag-
gregation was the mar-
velous swayback Tenny,
whom his admirers still
consider one of the best
horses that ever appeared
on the American turf

Mr. Karrick's opportunity came when Donovan, who
trained for Colonel Pulsifer, was obliged to give up his
charge. The owner of the stable recognizing the value
of Tenny, was naturally unwilling to commit the care of
the horse to a new trainer, and having marked the
modest, yet painstaking way in which Mr. Karrick per-
formed his subordinate duties, proposed that he should
assume the post of trainer. The offer was accepted, not
without hesitation, but the results showed both the
good judgment of the owner and the thorough, con-

WILLIAM H.

scientious methods of the young trainer. The Pulsifer
Stable at once took a glorious place in contemporary turf
history, and Tenny's victories, including the Brooklyn
Handicap and the Ocean Stakes, 1891, established Mr.
Karrick's position as one of the foremost representatives
of his profession.

Mr. Karrick continued with Mr. Pulsifer tor some time,
but in 189s invested his capital in a public training
stable of his own at Morris Park. The Pulsifer string
continued under his charge, and also the horses of the
Kensico Stable, including among them Divide, Takan-

nassee. Successful,
Azure, Full Speed and
Trayline, as well as a
number of two-year olds
for Colonel Pulsifer. Mr.
Karrick also has had afew
select animals, of which
Dr. Jim, whom he sold to
W. C. Daly, and Miss
Tenny by Tenny out of
Fair Vision, may be
specially mentioned.
It was peculiarly
fitting that the first of
the swayback's get to
distinguish themselves
should be an inmate of
his trainer's stable. In
Miss Tenny, both Col-
onel Pulsifer and Mr.
Karrick have a worthy
representative of her
sire. Another animal
that Mr. Karrick added
to his string in 1897 was
the bay filly Juda by
Britannic out of Judy.

For the season of 1898
Mr. Karrick has had in
training Mr. Arthur
White'sTitmouse, Geisha
and Naviculine; Messrs.
KARRICK Wattson & Co.'s Bom-

bast and Frea; Mr. Thomas L. Reynolds' Zeila and
Crown; Mr. A. F. Walcott's Duxbury and Colonel D. T.
Pulsifer's Tenraine by Tenny out of Lorraine. Besides
a share in Miss Tenny, he also owns Tennith, Vera K. and
Sensina. There is no dissent in turf circles to the opin-
ion that Mr. Karrick is one of the most painstaking and
reliable of trainers, while his conservatism is displayed in
the competence he enjoys as the result. He is popular
with his turf associates, and has the confidence and respect
of the best element in the racing circles of the country.

314

TlIK AMl'.KIC.W Tl'UK

Hxtcnsively ;ind favorably known Ironi Maine to (^ali-
lornia, Mr. Frank Brown has a repulalion amoni;- his
fellow turfmen as one of the most successful of the
younger owners and trainers. Although still under
thirty years of age, he has had a wider and more prac-
tical experience than many older men. At a time in his
life when most men have only just begun to lay the
foundations for their
future, he has already
passed through the
preliminary training
of his profession and
has achieved reputa-
tion.

Born near Kansas
City, Mo., September
24, 1 87 1, Mr. Brown
left home before he
was ten years of age
and began at once
that association with
the thoroughbred
horse which has since
continued uninter-
ruptedly. As falls to
the lot of most boys
who are brought up
in training establish-
ments, he began by
exercising horses un-
der the shed. He
showed remarkable
skill and as early as
1880 had his first
mount, his employ-
ers, Messrs. Bell &
Kimberly, entrusting
him to ride Grey
Eagle. On his first
trial he was able to
finish second, which
all will admit was a
very satisfactory
achievement. In his
second ride he did
even better, for he
brought in Grey
Eagle at the head of

the field. For several years thereafter he continued in
the saddle and won numerous important races, showing
excellent skill and judgment in jockeyship.

Naturally his ambition was to become an owner, and
he purchased Red Fox, with whom he won several
races. He also was successful with Jim Mulholland.

FRANK BROWN

Subsequently he trained the stable of Mr. William
McLaughlin. When racing on the Gloucester track
was suspended he went South with several horses of
his own and from Mr. McLaughlin's Stable. At New
Orleans he became a prominent figure in the winter rac-
ing and won considerable money, especially with Sim-
rock. He was soon able to purchase other horses and

had one of the im-
portant stables of the
South and West. Af-
ter leaving New Or-
leans he made a tour
of the Western cir-
cuit and was even
more successful than
in the South.

In recent years he
has been more than
ever prominent, hav-
ing owned several
thoroughbreds who
have attained to dis-
tinction under h i s
hands. He has been
particularly active in
the winter racing
upon the Southern
tracks. Noted horses
that he has owned
and run have been
Mainstay, King Will-
iam, Gutta Percha,
Gratify and other
good ones. In 1896,
he raced in California,
particularly with Gut-
ta Percha and King
William.

Mr. Brown has been
so pre-eminently suc-
cessful in training for
others and for him-
self, and has shown
such skill in bringing
horses in good con-
dition to the post that
he has attracted the
attention of owners
everywhere. Mr. James R. Keene was particularly im-
pressed with his ability, and, during the season of 1897,
he was the trainer of the Keene string of thoroughbreds.
For the season of 1898 he has his own stable, with
several good horses, and has returned to Mr. Keene
again to train some of that gentleman's best runners.

315

THE AMERICAN TURF

Born at St. Louis, Mo., in 1864, Mr. Hardy Alonzo
Campbell has for more tiian twenty years been actively
engaged in the care and riding of thoroughbreds. His
first employment was with a Mr. Kelly, of Lexington.
In that gentleman's stable he exercised and rode for
one season, gaining an excellent practical experience
that laid the foundation for his future success. Subse-
quently he engaged with Mr. Samuel Eckers, who was
at that time one of the most prominent horsemen of St.
Louis. He remained with Mr. Eckers until 1880, and was
regarded as one of the brightest boys in that gentle-
man's establishment. By this time his attention to busi-
ness and the unusual capabilities that he displayed in all
his work attracted the at-
tention of other turfmen,
and he was generally con-
sidered one of the most
promising young men who
were then seen about the
paddocks.

In 1880, Mr. Campbell
came East, and although
he was even then a com-
paratively unknown young-
ster, he became an em-
ployee of the Dwyer Broth-
ers, who, it is well known,
have always calculated to
have only the best men and
boys in their establishment.
Since that time he has
remained uninterruptedly
connected with the Dwyer
stables,first with the Dwyer
Brothers and later with Mr.
Michael F. Dwyer. His
progress was rapid, and in
the course of time he came
to have practical control,
as trainer, of the entire
stable. Held in the high-
est esteem by his employers, his ability was fully recog-
nized by his being intrusted with the responsible work
of bringing into condition all the great thoroughbreds
who carried the Dwyer colors upon the turf

When the Dwyer Brothers dissolved partnership, Mr..
Campbell followed the fortunes of the younger member
of the firm, Mr. Michael F. Dwyer. The confidence
that was reposed in him at that time was fully demon-
strated by Mr. Dwyer's readiness to place him in full
control of all his horses. During his connection with
the Dwyer stables he has trained some of the most cele-
brated horses that ever ran on the American turf The
skill with which he has handled these candidates for

HARDY A. CAMPBELL

turf honors and the knowledge that he has displayed of
their strong qualities and how to bring them cut most
effectively have more than once proven his ability to
cope with the best trainers in the United States in the
present generation.

Mr. Campbell has not confined his services alone to
the stable of Mr. Dwyer. The intimate relations between
Mr. Dwyer and Mr. Richard F. Croker in racing affairs
brought him into association with the last-named gen-
tleman, with whose stable he has also been connected
as trainer. His success with Mr. Croker's horses has
not been less important than that which he has achieved
with the horses of Mr. Dwyer. In 1894, he was en-
trusted with the care of the
American representatives
that Messrs. Dwyer and
Croker sent to England to
race on the English turf
Upon the other side of the
Atlantic he was, on the
whole, fairly successful
with his charges. The dif-
ficuhies which beset a
stranger on English soil,
principally the difference in
climatic condition and 01
training methods, are al-
most insurmountable by
one who has not been to
the manor born. Never-
theless, when all things are
taken into consideration,
Mr. Campbell did very well
indeed.

Upon his return to the
United States in the fall of
1895, Mr. Campbell began
again to give his attention
to Mr. Dwyer's horses for
their engagements in this
country. During the time
that has since elapsed he has been pre-eminently suc-
cessful in bringing many of his charges forward into the
class of winners of great events. To give a list of all
the horses that Mr. Campbell has prepared for their
racing battles would be to enumerate an exceptional
number of America's greatest thoroughbreds.

In nearly all the big stakes wherein a contending horse
has been obliged to be at his best in order to win from
the best that are pitted against him, Mr. Campbell's
charges have been again and again successful. One of
his greatest achievements was in bringing Ben Brush
to the post in the Suburban of 1897 in such superb con-
dition that he was the winner of that memorable event.

3f6

THE AMERICAN TLIRE

Few jockeys that ever sported colors on the American
turf have been more distintjuished than Mr. James F. Mc-
Laughhn, who graduated from the saddle to become a
successful trainer. He was born on Washington's Birth-
day, in 1861, at Hartford, Conn. His connection with
the turf began at an early age, and he was one of " Father
Bill" Daly's boys. Under the watchful eve of that turf-
man he made his d6but when he was only fifteen years
of age. From the outset he was diligent and quick to
learn, applying himself
closely to acquiring a
mastery of the vocation
which he had chosen.
He was indentured to
Mr. Daly, and received
from that horseman a
thorough coaching that
was the foundation ot
his future triumphs, and
that before long elevated
him to a position in the
front rank. His success
was something phenom-
enal, and his name be-
came identified with
some of the most glori-
ous victorious of the red,
with blue sash, of the
Dwyer Brothers during
their palmy days. His
connection v/ith the
Dwyers lasted some ten
years, and his valuable
services for them and for
other owners brought
him wealth. Afterward
he rode for Mr. G. V.
Hankins, of Chicago,
and then for one brilliant
season for Mr. J. B.
Haggin.

Ultimately, the fate
that befalls all jockeys
came to Mr. McLaughlin,
and his growing weight
put an end to his career
in the saddle. The ex-
perience that he gained during his jockeyship had been,
of course, of the most valuable character, and he was
recognized as possessing all the best qualities for a first-
class trainer. Mr. Pierre Lorillard engaged his services,
and his complete practical knowledge of the thorough-
bred placed him at once on a basis with the best trainers
in the country. Not content to confine himself to train-

JAMES F. Mclaughlin

ing the horses of other owners, he decided to make his
knowledge and skill also available in his own behalf.
Accordingly, he purchased Take Back and Walcott,
whom he trained and rode whenever the opportunity
offered. Naturally, one who had done so well in riding
for other owners, scarcely failed in success when riding
for himself and he won many good races. Walcott
was the better horse of the two just named, and his
winnings enabled Mr. McLaughlin to increase the size of

his stable by adding
other horses, who were
often found first by the
post.

The training establish-
ment of Mr. McLaughlin
at the present time is
principally devoted to
his own horses. In the
past, such good perform-
ers as Morello, Wern-
berg. Premier, Joe Hay-
man, Courtship, Arme-
nia, Maud Adams, Slow
Poke and many others
have received their prep-
aration at his hands. He
now owns, and has in
training, Premier by im-
ported Sir Modred out
of Premium; Torstenson
by Torso out of Bessie
Peyton; Charentus by
Charaxus out of Content;
Lady Lindsay by im-
ported Sir Modred out of
Memento; Prosaic by Sir
Modred out of Prose;
Counselor Wernberg by
^^^m imported Sir Modred out
of Nonage; Sol by Or-
der out of Fancy; Class-
ique by Order out of
Longalette ; Surrender
by Order out of Hannah ;

- Ordinate by Order out of

Coots; Miss Order by
Order out of Miss Saxon ;
Cavalleria by Cavalier out ot Alice Vincent; Water Girl
by Watercress out Parthenia; 18 Carat by Golden Garter
out ot Mollie Walton; Diminutive by Sir Dixon out of
Meriden; and Colonel Tenny by Tenny out of Katie
Fletcher. Modest in manner, and diligent and scientific
in his work, Mr. McLaughlin seems destined to achieve
further fame as an owner and trainer as the years go by.

317

THE AMERICAN TURF

Once upon a time the belief was prevalent in turf
circles that no man who had not begun at the very
lowest in the profession could be expected to attain to
the success that was the reward of those who had
devoted a lifetime to the study of the thoroughbred.
Many instances have occurred, however, in recent years
to modify, if not to entirely disprove this proposition,
for it requires no very long or complete acquaintance
■with racing affairs to enable one to recall the names of
many prominent turfmen who have, as it were, achieved
fame at a bound with
comparatively no pre-
vious acquaintance with
racing affairs. A strik-
ing example of this state-
ment is seen in the career
of Mr. W. M. Wallace.

Coming upon the turf
as late as 1891, Mr.
Wallace had been, up to
that time, engaged in the
dry goods business, it
took him less than five
years to attain to a place
in the front rank of the
great army of owners.
Mr. Wallace was born
March 21, 1870, in Lex-
ington, Ky., and, as was
to be expected from his
Southern nativity, he al-
ways had more or less
interest in horses. As
has just been said, how-
ever, his first definite
venture in turf life was
in 1 89 1. At that time he
was engaged with Mi'.
Byron McClelland in the
capacity of agent and
general manager of that
noted turfman's enter-
prises. For some four
years he filled this posi-
tion to the very great
advantage of his princi-
pal and with credit to himself His experiences gradu-
ally determined him to enter upon the racing field upon
his own account, and in the autumn of 1894 lie made his
plans for an independent racing career. As a first move
in this direction he purchased the famous horse. The
Commoner, by Hanover, in addition to a number of
yearlings. He raced on the principal courses East and
West. In 1894, The Commoner distinguished himself

W. M. V\/ALLACE

by winning the Essex Stakes at Morris Park, besides
several good purses, while, in 189^, he came in second
in the race for the Phoenix Hotel Stakes. In 1896, Mr.
Wallace had a notable experience with The Commoner.
Starting in with the Louisville races in the spring, his
horse finished second in two events, and then in the
Oakley races won four straights, three stakes and one
purse. After that he made the most brilliant showing of
his life when, at Sheepshead Bay, he finished second to
that grand horse, Henry of Navarre, in the Suburban

Handicap. He won the
highest honors on that
occasion, and was well
worthy to have been the
winner. Although he
was practically left at
the post, he dashed
gamely forward and
soon assumed command
of the field, and was
onlv beaten after a des-
perate struggle. In the.
Coney Island Handicap,
at the same meeting he
ran unplaced, carrying
top weight of 127
pounds, the horses be-
ing kept at the post in
this start for more than
half an hour.

Another crack horse
that Mr. Wallace owned
was The Winner, who,
as a two-year old, won
the Oakley Handicap,
and, in 1896, held the
record for the fastest
mile run over the course
at Sheepshead Bay.

It is not often that a
turfman makes such ad-
vancement in as brief
time as Mr. Wallace has
displayed since he has
been allied with racing
affairs. He has made
rapidity and sureness that
upon his shrewdness and
a trainer he has displayed
marked ability, his aptitude in this direction show-
ing very forcibly in the way in which he has devel-
oped his yearlings into racers who have displayed
eminent qualities in their two-year old and three-year
old forms,

his way forward with a
reflects abundant credit
his executive ability. As

3iS

Till

AiMi'.KICAN TITRP

Most men who have attained success have been lead-
ers in whatever pursuit they have chosen to follow.
This is as true of training horses as it is in other em-
ployments. Probably every trainer of any consequence
is, to a greater or less degree, a leader or a specialist.
He has his own methods, his own ideas as to the char-
acter of thoroughbreds, and his own methods of treating
them in order to bring out their best points.

In a broader sense than is applicable to the profession
generally, Mr. John V. Elliott is a specialist as a trainer,
and has been so pre-
eminently successful in
the line to which he has
devoted himself that his
reputation has gone out
widely among all turf-
men. Probably the best
test of any trainer's abil-
ities is found when he
is called upon to take
hold of material that has
been pronounced worth-
less. In the experience
of every trainer exam-
ples of this character
frequently occur, and
the result in some cases
has been of a surprising-
ly gratifying character.

iMr. Elliott's work of
this nature has not been,
however, in isolated
instances. Practically,
he has devoted himself
almost entirely to this
discarded material and
the horses that he has
undertaken to train have
almost without excep-
tion been cast - offs.
Many of them have been
noted horses in their
day, but the period of
their usefulness was sup-
posed to have been passed before they came into Mr.
Elliott's hands. And the interesting part of the story is
— interesting alike to their owners and to the public —
that these cast-offs under his handling have turned out
winners, many of them having afterward been sold for
large prices.

Mr. Elliott is a native of Brooklyn, N. Y., where he
was born in March, 1863. He received a good educa-
tion and, at the age of twenty, entered business with his
father, the late Mr. Charles B. Elliott, who died in 1S95.

The tirst professional appearance of the son as a turfman
was in the capacity of owner and trainer, his purchases
at that time including Pericles, Jack Cade and Mirama.
He continued buying and training for himself until 1892,
when he accepted an engagement as trainer with
Colonel Bruce, of New York. Two years later he joined
Mr. W. J. Speirs, of New York, for whom he trained
successfully a year and a half. In 189s, he opened a
public stable at Gravesend, L. I., and trained for Messrs.
C. Cornehlsen, P. j. Dwyer, M. F. Dwyer, C. F.

Dwyer, F. C. O'Reilly,
McCarren, Scott and
others, and in that busi-
ness he has continued
ever since. He has been
eminently successful in
bringing horses to the
post in condition and
they have won many of
the most important
stakes and purses of
the modern turf.

It would be a long
list that should hold the
names of all the horses
that Mr. Elliott has
handled, but among
them may be mentioned
Pericles, Leonawe',1, Jack
Cade, Mirama, Bren-
tano, Major Domo, Poor
Jonathan, Blythe, Man-
grove, Shelly Tuttle,
Baroness, Richfield, Im-
perial, Roller, Armitage,
Prince George and Port-
chester. Some good
performances are credit-
ed to these horses, which
is abundant proof of the
trainer's skill. For ex-
ample. Shelly Tuttle
won eleven out of thir-
teen starts as a three-
year old, while Leonawell won six out of eight starts.
Kennell won three consecutive starts. Mclntyre , won
seven out often starts, and one season at Jerome Park
won three consecutive races. These were all cast-offs,
and their success was entirely due to Mr. Elliott's skillin
bringing to life and action their latent powers, a faculty
that has won for him a peculiar and high reputation, so
that his services are constantly sought by many eminent
owners. He is always well engaged, and his success
seems destined to continue for many years to come.

JOHN V. ELLIOTT

319

THE AMERICAN TURF

There are now in this country few representatives of
the old school of English turfmen. For the most part,
the Englishmen have been contented to remain in their
own country, having the national confidence in the
English turf and the consequent disregard of the attrac-
tions of racing elsewhere. Some exceptions there have
been to this rule and in the period immediately follow-
ing our Civil War the American turf began to attract
hither some proficient jockeys and yery capable trainers.
One of the most promi-
nent of the old-time Eng-
lish turfmen who have of
late years been identified
with racing matters in
the United States, is Mr.
William Bernard Gilpin,
well known as an
owner, trainer and
steeplechase rider. Born
in 185 1, at Longford,
Cannock, in the County
of Staffordshire, he is the
only son of Mr. Bernard
Gilpin, who is still a
well-known Justice of
the Peace and County
Counsellor for Stafford-
shire. The elder Mr.
Gilpin at one time
owned and raced sev-
eral good horses. The
son thus was imbued
with love for the
thoroughbred and at an
early age became a rider
for his father. Making
his debut in 1873, he
carried his father's colors
for several years with
considerable success and
developed a great
amount of skill as a
rider. Subsequently his
services were sought by
many prominent English
turfmen, for whom he
rode many good races. A brilliant career opened be-
fore him and he was always able to obtain his full share
of winning mounts. He continued riding for some
nine years and achieved a reputation of being by all odds
the best gentleman rider known to the English turf at
that time.

In 1882, however, he determined to make a change in
his life pursuits. Coming to the United States, he went

WILLIAM B. GILPIN

into the far West and engaged in ranching. A few years
later he removed to Chicago and started in the horse bus-
iness, being part proprietor of the English Horse Exchange
in that city. He came to New York in 1886, and
again returned to his early love, steeplechasing. One
of his first mounts was at Rockaway, on the Canadian
horse Cyclone. He fell with him in jumping the stone
wall, being crushed so badly that for a longtime his life
was despaired of, and he lay unconscious in Bellevue

Hospital for more than a
month. His vitality
stood him in good stead,
so that he slowly recov-
ered sufficiently to be
sent home to England,
though badly crippled
and partially paralyzed.
After some months he
returned again to Amer-
ica and soon obtained an
engagement as trainer
of the stable of Mrs.
George Lorillard. This
position he held until
Mrs. Lorillard retired
from the turf, and the
following two years he
trained the horses of Mr.
Clark Maxwell. Sub-
sequently he purchased
for himself the horse
Sport and in partnership
with Mr. J. Taylor, as the
Washington Stable, had
success with that good
but erratic hor^e.

In 1895, he opened a
public stable and trained
in addition some few
horses of his own. In
this enterprise he is still
engaged, and to-day in-
cludes among his pa-
trons some excellent
supporters of the turf
Personally, Mr. Gilpin
is a popular member 01 his profession. He has con-
sistently pursued a policy that has influenced the public
to accept his methods as those of a man whose every
thought is for the elevation of the sport. As an author
also, Mr. Gilpin has become favorably known. Two
of his publications, Hunting and Racing Stories and an
American tale called Ranchland, have met with a
considerable sale.

320

THE AMERICAN TURF

It has been the good fortune of some turfmen that they
have been able to train and ride their own horses, as
well as to organize and direct their stables. The incal-
culable advantages of this admirable combination of
qualifications must be obvious to everyone. Only the
merest reference to the matter is necessary, simply in
order to call attention to a feature of prime importance,
in estimating, at any time, the probable value of the
average owner's services to the turf

It has already become a well established proposition
that a generous support
of the thoroughbred,
combined with an in-
telligent study of his
capabilities, will place
within the reach of any
man the possibility of
engaging in racing un-
der conditions that give
a reasonably fair pros-
pect of substantial suc-
cess. He, however,
who, in addition to
these favorable condi-
tions, has also had a
daily and hourly asso-
ciation with his horses
in the process of bring-
ing them to the post in
right condition and has
given his personal at-
tention to the work of
developing them at ev-
ery point, unquestion-
ably has a superior ad-
vantage that may not
be easily overcome,
Furthermore, when
such an individual has
had a "leg up" in
many a sharp contest
and has added to his
other information a de-
tailed, practical knowl-
edge of the character of his mounts and their peculiari-
ties in actual work, the great advantage that he possesses
becomes even more apparent.

Few men upon the turf to-day combine in a more ex-
ceptional degree the peculiar qualifications to which
reference has just been made than Mr. William Carroll.
A native of Connecticut, Mr. Carroll was born in the
town of Putnam in that State. His riding experiences
began almost as soon in his life as he was able to sit
firmly in the saddle. His first riding was at country

WILLIAM CARROLL

fairs, principally in the Nutmeg State, and his ap-
pearances on those occasions were affairs of more than
ordinary interest. He had his tlrst successful mount on
Grasshopper and rode that horse a winning race in
three half-mile heats. It was in 1883 that his turf ex-
perience had its real beginning, when he was engaged
to ride for Mr. J. Riley. Later on he was connected with
the stable of Messrs. Campbell & Hankins. His work
in the saddle attracted wide attention and he was sub-
sequently engaged to ride the horses of Mr. Frank Weir,

being employed by that
gentleman at various
times during a period
of some five years.

Entering the racing
field on his own ac-
count, he first won sev-
eral races with that
sturdy campaigner, Ed-
ward F. In the course
of time he came to be
the owner of several
good horses. With
Kanesville and Mulat-
to, who were particu-
larly the prominent,
representatives of his
string, he was very
successful in winning
many good races. In
Chicago, where he was
settled for something
over two years, he was
one of the most active
owners and carried off
his full share of purses.
Among the prominent
horses with which he
was identified at this
period of his life were
Santa Mego, Lillian E.
and others of similarly
good calibre. His stable
was always kept in ad-
mirable working condition, a quality that has particu-
larly characterized it down to the present time in
whatever part of the country its owner has carried on
operations.

In recent years Mr. Carroll has had in his string Lord
Zeni by Fonso out of Minnie Williams; The Planter by
imported Great Tom out of Hayti, and Paros by imported
Keene out of Grey Sail. For fifteen years he has been
constantly before the racing public, and he is recognized
as an energetic and reliable owner.

321

THE AMERICAN TURF

The career of Mr. Richard C. Doggett has been a repe-
tition of that of many of the foremost men of the turf
Born at Oakwood, 111., December i8, 1877, Doggett
began his turf career when he was only fourteen years of
age. For a short time, in iSqi, he was employed as a
stable boy by Major Allen, but shortly attracted the
attention of that veteran turfman, Mr. Green B. Morris,
from whose stable have come some of the best jockeys
and trainers of this generation. Entering the employ of
Mr. Morris, he remained with him for two years. It was
during this engagement that, in 1892, he had his first
public mount on a filly owned by Messrs. Gilpin & Taylor.

In 1894, Doggett was engaged by Dr. Gideon L.
Knapp, for whom he rode
during the ensuing two
years. He at once took a
place as a first-class jockey,
and for several years was
one of the most popular
boys then riding. One of
his earliest successes for the
stable of Dr. Knapp was
winning at Brighton Beach
on Micmac Queen, by im-
ported Midlothian out of
Patty. The odds were 100
to I against Micmac Queen,
but Doggett rode her the
one mile distance in i min-
ute, 45 seconds, winning
by three lengths and beat-
ing Lizzie, Tom Finley and
Logan.

He also rode in winning
races, Sir Walter, Cockade,
Jodan, The Coon and oth-
ers. At Saratoga, in the
season 1894, he won sev-
eral important races on An-
nisette. He carried off the
Bitter Root Stakes, beating
Handspun. Urania, Agita-
tor, Keenan, Salvation, Gutta Percha and others; he also
won with Mistral, defeating Arapahoe, Flirt, Florinda,
Pocahontas and others; with a Turco-Favora colt, de-
feating Phoebus, University, Miss Dixon, Engineer, and
others; with Candelabra, defeating Stowaway, Faraday
and Kentigerna. During this season of 1894 he had 622
mounts, coming in first 161 times, second 115 times,
third 99 times, and being unplaced 247 times. In the
spring of 1895, he won races at the St. Asaph track,
riding Pekin, Premier, Tuscan and others, and beating
many good horses, among whom were Counter Tenor,
Tancred, Golden Gate, Vice Regal, Pulitzer and others.

mounts in-
Alonzo, Unity and

RICHARD C. DOGGETT

At Brighton Beach, in 1895, his
eluded Marshall, Charade, Harry
others.

After the death of Dr. Knapp, in the autumn of 1895,
Mr. Doggett went to California, but did not ride there.
His work as a jockey was always of the first class, but
ultimately that bane of all jockeys, a surplus of flesh,
made him too heavy, and his days of riding were brought
to an end. He was always one of the popular favorites,
however, and his abundant success led frequenters of
the track to follow his mounts in their betting, generally
to their very great advantage.

In 1896, he entered the ranks of owners, when he pur-
chased his namesake, Dog-
gett, a good lour-year old
chestnut by The Bard out
of Rosewood. He person-
ally trained Doggett and
rode him a two mile race
at Westchester and two
races at the Aqueduct
Course, all three of which
he won. One of the Aque-
duct races was a dead heat
with Ameer, and Doggett
won in the run off. The
two-mile race at Morris
Park was for the Feather
Purse and was run in 3
minutes, 95 seconds, Dog-
gett defeating Midgley, Rey
del Mar and Baroness. The
success of Mr. Doggett led
him to increase his string
by the purchase of several
yearlings^during the sum-
mer of 1896, and he then
had in his stable five horses
— Doggett, Gee Gee, Harry
Crawford, Mabel D. and
Lillie Seals.
During the season of
1897, Mr. Doggett had in training Doggett, Alarum
by Torso out of Hana, and the two-year old brown
gelding, Sallust, by Salvator out of Lydia. Sallust won
a good five furlongs race easily, by three lengths, in i
minute, 3 seconds, defeating Refide, La Gitana, Ennomia
Lerete, Deal, Beekman and May Frances. Alarum won
a seven furlongs race at the Aqueduct Course in i min-
ute, 26j^ seconds. The skill that Mr. Doggett displayed
in his riding has also been exhibited with his own
horses. He is a skillful trainer, and in the natural order
of events his occupation as an owner should result in
advantage to himself and to the turf.

Til

AlMlCklCAN TURF

In the person of Mr. Edward Feakes we have an ex-
ample of the best class of hard-working, intelligent Eng-
lish horsemen, who have devoted their lives to riding
and training. Mr. Feakes was born at Cambridge, Eng-
land, in 18^7. Early in life he determined to devote
himself to the turf and entered upon a severe course of
training with the definite purpose in view of making
himself a master of his profession. He was not willing
to content himself with merely good standing, but made
up his mind that he
would ultimately be
first or nowhere. His
early experience was
in one of the best
schools known to the
English turf, a stable
belonging to the cele-
brated Matthew Daw-
son, at Newmarket.
There he began his
apprenticeship and it
was not long before
he exhibited those
qualities of industry
and of knowledge of
horses that have since
made him so emin-
ently successful.

His good work
while in Mr. Daw-
son's employ won
him substantial recog-
nition before long, not
only in the stable in
which he was en-
gaged, but from out-
siders as well. When
Mr. Milton H. San-
ford was in England
he was greatly taken
with the quality of
Mr. Feakes' riding and
brought him to Amer-
ica in 1 87 1. Subse-
quently, when Mr.
Sanford, desirous of

EDWARD FEAKES

achieving turf honors in England, took his stable to that
country, he intended to have Mr. Feakes ride for him
there. But the work of the young English jockey in
the United States had already commended itself to turfmen
here and he was persuaded to remain in New York,
being engaged to ride the horses in the stable of the
Honorable August Belmont.
For three years Mr. Feakes rode for the Belmont

Stable, being uniformly successful and giving to his em-
ployer the fullest satisfaction. He was not willing, how-
ever, to always continue in the employ of a single
stable, but had an inclination to ride independently.
Accordingly he severed his connection with Mr. Bel-
mont, very much to the regret of that gentleman, and
thenceforward accepted mounts from any one who
desired his services. During the ensuing two years
he piloted many horses to victory and his riding of such

champions as Check-
mate, Glen mo re
Gabriel and others ex-
cited the highest ad-
miration, alike on the
part of the general
public, with whom
he became a popular
favorite, and on the
part of those experts
in horsemanship who
were quick to recog-
nize expert riding.

Engaged for Mr.
Pierre Lorillard, he
rode for that gentle-
man during the years
1 88 1, 1882 and 1883,
and was quite as suc-
cessful in returning
winners, often under
adverse circum-
stances, as when he
was riding for Mr.
Belmont and other
owners. During the
seasons of 1884 and
1885 his services were
engaged by Mr. A. J.
Cassatt, the wealthy
Pennsylvanian who
owned that great race
horse. The Bard.
There he added many
laurels to his already
long list of victories.
For some years after
1886 he was jockey and then trainer of the stable of
Mr. James Gal way.

In the early season of 1898, the success of Mr. Feakes
with the stable of Mr. John Daly was of a sterling
character. The victories of Jean Bereaud in winning the
National Stallion Stakes and the Eclipse Stakes, as well
as many others, was a striking tribute to his ability as a
trainer.

323

THE AMERICAN TURF

In looking over the careers of our leading owners and
trainers one cannot fail to be impressed by the consider-
able number of them who have come into the turf world
through the interest that they have first taken in the trot-
ting horse. So many sections of the United States have
been almost exclusively devoted to the trotter, that it is
not surprising that many clever horsemen have been de-
veloped in connection with that equine family. It is
natural that many of these gentlemen should, after a
time, turn their attention to the running horse.

The pages of American turf history are crowded with

For many years previous he had bred trotters, some of
whom turned out to be very speedy, and he came to
Mr. Madden's stable abundantly experienced and handled
that owner's horses in an exceedingly satisfactory man-
ner. Later on he purchased two yearlings, afterward
known as Suisun and Ornament. Suisun, he sold to
Mr. M. F. Dwyer and still later the horse was the prop-
erty of Mr. H. Eugene Leigh. Ornament was retained
by Mr. Patterson and proved a most successful two-year
old and three-year old racer. His winnings in 1896 in-
cluded the Lexington Futurity, the Sheepshead Bay

I

ORNAMENT

C. T. PATTERSON

such examples, and foremost in the class may be placed
Mr. Charles T. Patterson, who was born in Pittsburg, Pa.,
February 4, 1869. The father of Mr. Patterson was a
well-known owner of trotters and brought up his son to
an intimate acquaintance with his stable. When young
in years, Mr. Patterson won many races with his father's
horses. Once he drove Bessemer a mile in 2 minutes,
13%^ seconds, which was very fast time in those days.

In 1891, Mr. Patterson began his connection with the
thoroughbred, engaging to train for Mr. J. E. Madden.

Double Event and other important races, the total amount
that he won being over $23,000. He was also raced by
Mr. Patterson in 1S97, winning $52,750.

In the season of 1898 Ornament, who is by Order out
of Victorine, was the property of Messrs. H. P. Headley
and W. P. Norton. He won the Brooklyn Handicap
easily in 2 minutes, 10 seconds, over a very heavy track.
Mr. Patterson owns the four- year old Burlesque by De-
ceiver, the two-year old Heber Jones by imported Pirate
of Penzance, and some other good horses.

324

THE AMERICAN TURP

The racing experience of Mr. Edward l\^ters embraces
a period of more tiian twenty years. His connection
witii the track began the first year that Brighton Beach
was opened. He was a mere youngster then, having
been born in the City of Churches, March 20, 18O4. At
first he was identified with the stable of the Messrs.
Hopson Brothers, who then had some fifteen or twenty
good thoroughbreds. I^erhaps the best horses in the
string were Delilah, Florimel, Woodcraft and Auburn.
Mr. Peters rode these and others in many good

winning four races and receiving part of the money in
eight more. In the remaining six races in which he
was unsuccessful, unforeseen mishaps, such, for instance,
as being left at the post, were the cause of his failure.
Billali by Rayon D'Or also showed himself to be a colt
of merit. Other good horses who will be recalled at the
mention of Mr. Peters' name have been Silver Mint,
Canadian, Son Malheur, and Gloriana. Rifler, in 1896,
at the Aqueduct Course, won a four furlongs dash,
carrying top weight and defeating Phaedra and others.

FLORAL PARK

EDWARD PETERS

races, frequently carrying the colors of his employers
victoriously at the head of a big field.

Since he has been engaged in racing on his own ac-
count, Mr. Peters has owned several very useful animals.
His stable has included such good ones as Canadian,
Rifler, Billali, Floral Park and Fair Rebel. In 1895, his
horses won neariy seventy races, which, all things con-
sidered, was a remarkably satisfactory showing. Floral
Park, as a two-year old in 1896, and as a three-year old in
1897. did excellent work. He was started eighteen times.

A thoroughly well-trained horseman, Mr. Peters has
always found his early experience as exercise boy and
jockey especially valuable to him in his later career as an
owner. Florimel was a mount with which he was par-
ticularly successful and he learned to admire and to put
great value upon the racing qualities of that mare. It
was this knowledge that led him to purchase Floral Park,
Florimel's colt by that grand race horse The Bard, and
his career has amply justified Mr. Peters' judgment. Al-
together his experience has been uniformly fortunate.

325

THE AMERICAN TURF

Beginning his career in California, Mr. Frederick
Mercitel, in the ten years and a little more during which
he has been identified with the turf, has become well
known throughout the United States. He has trained
some of the celebrated horses of the period, and his suc-
cess in bringing them to the post in good condition has
attracted more than ordinary attention among those fre-
quenters of the race course who watch with careful and
critical attention. Mr. Merckel was born in Cincinnati,
O., March 4, 1869. He was a young man nineteen years
of age when he started upon his racing career.

His first employment was with the stable of Mr.

After remaining with Mr. Rose for several years, Mr.
Merckel decided to make a change, and associated him-
self with the Honorable E. A. Mizner, with whom he has
since remained without interruption. Mr. Mizner, one of
the foremost men of the Pacific Coast, is not alone known
from his connection with the turf, but has also been promi-
nent in public affairs, being especially distinguished as the
Governor of the Alaska Territory. Although racing is
entirely a side issue with him, it is his intention to own
a grand stable of thoroughbreds and, having the means
at his command, he is, probably, destined to play an
important part in turf affairs in the near future. In the

FRED MERCKEL

RUINART

George Rose, one of the prominent bookmakers ot Cali-
fornia. There he had charge of Geraldine, a world re-
nowned sprinter who, under his management, raced on
all the principal tracks of the United States. Geraldine,
who was by the famous Grinstead out of Cousin Peggy,
still holds the world's record for a half-mile dash, which
she ran in 46 seconds over the straight course of the New
York Jockey Club, in August, 1889. Other good horses
that Mr. Merckel has handled have been Rear Guard,
Boreas, Nephew, Badger, Empress of Norfolk, Monterey
and Middleton.

person of Mr. Merckel he has an adjutant of undoubted
capacity, and one to whom his racing interests may
safely be intrusted.

Ruinart, the principal member of Mr. Mizner's stable
is by St. Carlo out of Queen Alta. He is a first-class
thoroughbred and has won some of the best races on the
Western circuit, defeating many of the crack horses on
the Pacific Coast. He has traveled i mile and 70 yards
in I minute, 46^ seconds; i mile in i minute, 41^4 sec-
conds and i}( miles in 2 minutes, 6^ seconds. The
record last mentioned was for the Burns Handicap.

326

THE AMERICAN TURF

It is an old saying, that to be successful in any enter-
prise one's heart must be in his work. Probably none will
be so venturesome as to dispute this proposition, but it
is not always put into elfect, nor are its results always
fully recognized. Particularly, however, does the rule
seem to apply to racing, and it is exceedingly doubtful
if any man has attained to conspicuous prominence on
the turf unless he has been enthusiastically devoted to
the sport. Now and then, indeed, in this connection
we even have examples of those who apparently ignore
their best interests solely by yielding to their liking for
certain branches of the sport.

That Mr. John Nixon is a lover of the thoroughbred.

was born at Cross Hill, in the Township of Wellsley,
Can., in 1853. When he was twenty-three years of
age he began dealing in horseflesh and was eminently
prosperous. Extending his field of operations from
merely local circles, he made large consignments to Eu-
rope, in all of which ventures he was successful. Finally,
having accumulated considerable means, he bought for
his private amusement several trotters and jumpers.

Soon tiring of the trotters, Mr. Nixon found that the
jumpers were his ideals. He set out to buy the best in
this class that the country afforded, and has owned
some of the most famous steeplechasers of this period.
Lion Heart, a bay gelding by Lepanto out of Queen Lyon,

LION HEART

JOHN NIXON

no one would for a moment question, and his interest in
the blood horse has been particularly manifested toward
the jumping cla.ss. Inasmuch as the performances of the
jumpers have afforded him most pleasure, he has devoted
himself altogether to their training, although the same
talent that he has therein displayed might reap him better
financial rewards if spent upon the flat runners. But it
is because the jumpers have appealed to him more
strongly than their rivals that he has been unswerving
in his connection with them. Like so many other turf-
men to whom it is frequently necessary to refer, Mr.
Nixon was at one time interested in the trotter. He

was probably the greatest horse that Mr. Nixon owned.
In one year, out of some twelve starts, he won six of his
races and was placed in most of the others. He was
never known to fall in any of his races and has carried
the heaviest weight ever imposed upon a four-year old.
Among other winnings he must be credited with the
Walker Cup, at Hamilton, Ont., and the Beverwick
Stake, at Saratoga. In 1897, he was sold to Mr. M. P.
Dwyer, and in 1898 Mr. Dwyer sold the horse to
William Stallcup. Among other great jumpers that Mr.
Nixon has owned have been Lawyer, Alfonsina, Valour,
Kings County and Counsellor.

327

THE AMERICAN TURF

It is a little singular, perhaps, that our neighbors ot
the Dominion of Canada have not, to any great extent,
been conspicuous for their interest in thoroughbred rac-
ing. One would naturally suppose that, inheriting the
national instincts of their old home across the sea, they
would take very naturally and heartily to the thorough-
bred. Even the French contingent of the Dominion
should also have, by inheritance, a liking for the same
class of horses. That the contrary is the case, however,
seems to be abundantly
proven, and whether it is
for climatic reasons or
others, thoroughbred rac-
ing in Canada is a small
quantity and thorough-
bred breeding almost
non-existent. Aside from
meetings at Montreal,
Hamilton and Toronto
and a few places of sec-
ond or third class, there
have never been many
serious attempts at high-
class racing on the other
side of our northern bor-
der.

Notwithstanding this
condition of things, appar-
ently so adverse to the
development of skilful
handlers of the thorough-
bred, some of our best
trainers have come into
the States from Canada.
The general knowledge of
horseflesh which is preva-
lent in that section of the
land must undoubtedly go
fartoward explainingtheir
proficiency in this profes-
sion, for Canada has, from
the earliest settlement of
America, been one of the
centres for the raising of

trotters, draught horses
and pleasure animals.

That the experience in regard to horses generally, thus
gained in their early home, should be turned by many
men of Canadian birth to the handling of thoroughbreds
when opportunity has offered is most natural. And it
must be admitted that some of the most proficient and
most reliable trainers that our turf world has known
have come from the Dominion.

Upon the trainer, quite as much as upon any indi-

vidual, the fabric of the turf rests. However well bred
a horse may be, however lavishly money may be spent
in maintaining large stables, and however great may be
the encouragement given by jockey clubs and individuals,
all this would count for but little were it not for the
energetic, capable and far-seeing work that is bestowed
by the best trainers upon the horses that come under
their care. It is needless to point out that a horse
brought to the post in bad condition is worse than a fail-
ure. Not only is he a dis-
.,.- -^^ > \r appointment to his owner

and backers, but he also
represents great loss in
breedmg and stable ex-
penditures.

Although the thorough-
bred race horse has be-
come the noblest animal
of creation, he may easily,
in domestication, deteri-
orate toward the nat-
ural condition of his an-
cestors, unless he is prop-
erly cared for. If his
best qualities are not pre-
served in his preparation
for the turf, he cannot suc-
cessfully stand up in hard
contests with others in
whom these qualities have
been perfectly and care-
fully preserved. To de-
velop a horse in muscle,
firm and hard, and to re-
duce his flesh until he is
in racing form, is a task
both difficult and delicate.
Mr. J. R. Walker is one
of those trainers of Cana-
dian origin who have been
pre-eminently successful
in their handling of thor-
oughbreds. Although a
young man, he has had
a large experience and is
intelligent and enterpris-
ing. He is a man of thought and wide awake and has
given to his chosen pursuit much laborious consider-
ation. Among those who know him best he is exceed-
ingly popular, his gracious personality commending him
to a large circle of friends, while his merits as a trainer
are fully recognized. At one time he had charge of the
stable of Mr. Joseph E. Seagram, where he brought
some good horses successfully to the front.

J. R. WALKER

328

THE AMERICAN TURF

From exercise boy to owner is the consistent record
that has attached to many well-known turfmen. To
thus go into business at the foot of the ladder and grad-
ually, by dint of energy, natural talent, close applica-
tion and intuitive fitness for dealing with horses, reach
the top, is an achievement that must substantially redound
to the credit of any man. Such a record has Mr.
John T. Carmody, who for more than twenty years
has been closely connected with racing affairs through-
out the United States.

Mr. Carmody is a
native of New York,
and has had a varied
and successful career
in the special branches
of horse racing to
which he has chosen
to devote himseiti His
particular inclination
toward racing led
him, in 1876, to seek
employment in con-
nection with this
sport. He was en-
gaged as exercise boy
for Mr. Joseph Robin-
son and in that
gentleman's stable
served his apprentice-
ship faithfully and
well. In the course
of time he graduated
from the position of
exercise boy to be-
come a jockey, still
remaining connected
with the stable of Mr.
Robinson. His first
mount was on Billy
Sherman, then a well
known horse, and on
that animal he made
his first win. In the
years immediately
ensuing he rode for
other stables, but finally, when it was impossible tor
him to keep himself down to weight, he entered upon
the profession of training.

As a trainer he was first employed by Mr. Joseph
Stewart, of Columbus, O. After that he was connected
with the stables of Messrs. Joseph Mitchell, Peter Hagel,
W. Harraman, James Peine and E. A. Flenniken. His
training career ended about 1885. Heretofore he had
confined himself almost exclusively to the West, where

JOHN T. CARMODY

he had become as extensively and as favorably known
as any man.in his particular profession. After he came
East he began buying horses on his own account, start-
ing as an owner in 1886. His racing operations were
carried on all over the United States, and it was not long
before he became well known upon the courses in the
North and elsewhere.

During the ensuing ten years or so few men trained
and ran a larger number of horses than Mr. Carmody.

It would be a long
and interesting list
that should contain
the names of all the
animals with which
he was thus identi-
fied. Among them
would be recalled
Molly Thomas, John
Alexander, Glendale,
St. Elmo, George
Angus, Veto, Pam-
pero, Duke of Bour-
bon, Jersey Pat, Ra-
pine, Sam Harper,
Groomsman, Mamie
Hay, Gold Star, Bass
Viol, Dago, Hypona,
Trade Dollar, Duke of
Montalban, Eric, Po-
cahontas, Grapeshot,
Frank Harper, Gov-
ernor Roberts. Shot-
over, George L. and
Alhambra, and still
the enumeration is
far from being com-
plete.

With Glendale, St.
Hlmo, Rapine, Trade
Dollar and others he
raced very success-
fully in the later
eighties, carrying off
many good purses
and stakes. Glendale
by Glenmore out ot Alice G. was a very reliable horse.
Much of Mr. Carmody's racing caieer in the East
was upon the Clifton and Guttenberg tracks. In later
years most of his operations have been conducted on the
Western circuit, where he has had very fair success. He
must be counted in that army of hard working, unpre
tentious turfmen, whose careers, if not sensationally
brilliant, have at least contributed a great deal to the
popularization of racing.

329

THE AMERICAN TURF

Father and son, Messrs. Thomas and William T. Mc-
Givney, have had a racing experience that runs back
over nearly forty years. The elder Mr. McGivney is a
native of Brooklyn, N. Y., and was born in 1842. He
is another example of those whom, in the review of the
history of racing, we so frequently come across who
began their experience with horses in connection with
trotters. Mr. McGivney had not yet passed out of his
teens when he began to devote himself to the trotter.
Animals of this class he bred, owned and trained, and
had fair success in bringing out some very speedy ones.
This pursuit engrossed his attention for something over
thirty years and might almost be considered his life work.

It was in 1893 when Mr. McGivney started in with
runners, and he was as suc-
cessful with those as he
had been with his trotters.
Among the horses that he
has handled have been
Maggie Richards, Motor-
man, High Commissioner,
The Mistress, and others
whom he has brought into
condition that enabled them
to win some Of the best
races in which they were
entered. His success with
representatives of the run-
ning turf has given him an
established reputation as a
sound and reliable trainer,
whose work has been of
the most painstaking and
consistent character. He
has shown that he is capa-
ble of getting out of any
horse that is entrusted to
him the best that is possi-
ble.

Mr. William T. McGiv-
ney is a worthy successor
of his father in the turf

world; rather he is an associate than a successor, for he
has been connected with his father in some joint enter-
prises. At the same time he has gone further than the
elder McGivney in general activity in turf affairs. The
son was born in Brooklyn in April, 1870. Naturally,
as his father was so strongly interested in trotters, the
boy followed in his parent's footsteps. When he was
only fourteen years of age, he was employed by Mr. W.
E. Weeks as an exercise boy in that gentleman's stable.
There he remained for three years, giving excellent satis-
faction to his employer and gaining an invaluable expe-
rience in regard to horses of all kinds. After he left

the stable of Mr. Weeks, in 1887, he became attached to
that of Mr. John W. Driscoll, and there he remained for
two years.

Just about this time Mr. McGivney felt his inclination
turning strongly toward the running turf Leaving the
establishment of Mr. Driscoll he became connected with
the stable of Mr. McFadden, who was racing at Gutten-
berg and elsewhere, and had some very good horses in
his string, among them being Rapine, Ballard, Sunday,
and others of not less importance. While with Mr.
McFadden, McGivney had considerable experience as a
jockey, and rode very many races on the horses that
have just been mentioned and their stable companions,
and was successful in winning a fair share of the events

in which he started. When
he left Mr. McFadden in
1893, it was to join the
forces of Mr. John Rogers,
for whom he rode Estelle,
Free Lance and others.

His engagement with the
Rogers' Stable lasted only
a few months, however,
and, for a short time sub-
sequent thereto, he re-
turned to his earliest em-
ployment, taking a position
as trainer with Mr. Parks,
who owned several good
trotting horses whom Mr.
McGivney trained. The
passion for the running
horse was too strong in
him to be resisted, and it
was not long before he
associated himself with
Mr. Owen McBreen, who
owned the Butternut Val-
ley Stock Farm. There he
had the training of such
horses as High Commis-
sioner, Bersan Belle, The
Mistress, Hermano and others. A creditable degree of
success crowned his work with these horses.

For several years past the two Messrs. McGivney
have been running their own horses and have met with
a fair amount of success. They have not been promi-
nent in the great events of the turf, but must be
included in the large army of hard-working turfmen,
upon whom the bulk of the labor of making the differ-
ent meetings interesting depends in no small measure.
Among the horses that have carried the McGivney
colors have been Batchelor, Inspection and Fairview. In-
spection is a daughter of Inspector B. and Rosa Buckden.

WILLIAM T. McGIVNEY

330

THE AMERICAN TURF

Although ol foreign birth, Mr. William Wayward, or
Billy " Hayward, as he is best known to the American

WILLIAM HAYWARD, SR.

racing public

was one of the American knights of the
pigskin, who, during his career, won as many honors as
fell to the fortune of any of his rivals. Mr. Hayward was
born at Northampton, Eng., in 1843, and after five years'
apprenticeship in the stable of Alec Taylor, became
connected with the establishment of Matthew Daw-
son, where he remained some eight years. When Mr.
Milton H. Sanford returned to the United States from
his English campaign he brought Hayward with him.

After a short time spent in this country, Mr. Hayward
returned to England, but finally came back to America
and entered the employment of the Honorable August
Belmont. Subsequently he rode for Mr. Lucien O. Ap-
pleby, for Mr. A. J. Cassatt, for Senator George Hearst,
and finally for the Burridge Brothers. During his long
career he rode and won with many of the most famous
horses of their day, carrying off the greatest turf prizes,
such as the Preakness Stakes, the Dinner Party Stakes,
the Westchester Cup, the Saratoga Cup and many
others. He was a veteran when he retired, crowned
with as bright laurels as any man who had ever rid-
den to victory.

As a trainer, Mr. Hayward has shown the same
marked ability that always distinguished his riding. He
is now in charge of the Sensation Stable, where he has
had several reliable campaigners — Herald, Tremargo,
Chum, X Ray, Endeavor and Salaire. The three-year
olds are Murallo, Mont D'Or, Fleeting Gold, Munich,
Daisy Cutter, Falsehood, Miss Gossip and Stonestep.
The two-year olds are Magic Prince, Loiter, Quo Vadis,
Ocean Prince, Bondman, Fray and Sketch. He is him-
self the owner of Nana H. and His Majesty. The racing
colors of Mr. Hayward are black, white polka dots,
white cap.

The elder William Hayward has been fortunate in
having a son who has inherited much of his father's tal-
ent in racing affairs. Through father and son the name
will long live in American turf history. Mr. William
Hayward, Jr., not only comes naturally by his skill in
handling horses, but also received a careful training at
the hands of his father. To all lovers of the turf it is a
pleasure to feel that a family that has done so much to
popularize racing still continues to be represented in the
sport in the persons of this father and son.

The younger Mr. Hayward on his own merit is entitled
to abundant consideration as a rider and trainer, possess-
ing in a large degree the skill, judgment and quickness
that made his father famous. Beginning riding at an
early age, he has had many brilliant races to his credit.
Among his many notable mounts, perhaps the most prom-
inent were Tristan, Belle D'Or, Now or Never and Pick-
nicker. His riding of Now or Never in the Parkway
Handicap was a masterly piece of horsemanship. As an

WILLIAM HAYWARD, JR.

owner, Mr. Hayward has had Sextet and Repetition. He
is now engaged with his father in the Sensation Stable.

331

THE AMERICAN TURF

While racing families have been frequent enough in the
Old World, they have not been numerous in the United

A.J. GOLDSBOROUGH

States. It is true that here some such instances have ex-
isted, particularly perhaps among the earlier turfmen and
owners, whose names have become historical in connec-
tion with American racing, such as the Hamptons, the
Tayloes, the Johnstons, the Belmonts, the Sanfords, the
Harpers and now and then another. In the ranks ot
those less conspicuous, but no less useful and meritorious
in their turf connection, there have been other examples,
as, for instance, that of the Goldsborough family.

Mr. A. J. Goldsborough inherited his racing proclivi-
ties from his f;Uher, who was a well known horseman.
The son was born at Leonardtown, Md., April 27, 1869.
He received a substantial public school education and
began his turf career by exercising for his father's stable.
After a time he became a jockey, his first mount being
for Dr. Lynch and his first win on a horse called Boston.
It was in 1888 that he first came North with Dr. Lynch
and made his appearance upon the metropolitan tracks.
After that he became associated with Messrs. Cohen &
Co in the capacity of trainer.

For five years, beginning with 1890, Mr. Goldsborough
trained for Mr. J. B. Collins and was highly successful
with that owner's stable. After leaving Mr. Collins he
trained for Mr. W. Landsberg, who owned Governor
Sheehan, Captain Kidd, Storm King and others. Leaving
Mr. Landsberg at the end of one season he began to train
for the Hamilton Stable, handling such horses as Zanone
and King William. More recently, he has trained for
Messrs. Plate & Co.

Mr. Charles H. Goldsborough, brother to Mr. A. J.
Goldsborough, was born in Maryland, October 12, 1874.
Like his father and elder brother, he early determined
upon a racing career. When he was only thirteen years
of age he began exercising in the stable of Mr. J. DeLong
and then he began to ride under the title of Hayden,
his middle name. His first winning mount was on
Kanesville. His career as a jockey continued until 1895.

Becoming associated with Mr. J. B. Collins, he was
with that turfman, at the same time that his brother was
with the stable. Among other good horses that he handled
were Sirocco and Longford. Afterward, for the stable
of Mr. Michael Clancy, he trained Lambent, Tenderness
and several others, including a number of two-year olds.
Lambent was the best horse in the stable, an imported
bay filly by Amphion out of Starlight by Iroquois.
Under Mr. Goldsborough's handling she developed good
speed as a three-year old, winning several excellent races
and coming in for second and third money in many
others. At Coney Island she ran six furlongs in i min-
ute, 14 4-5 seconds and at the Bennings Course won a
mile race, defeating Navaho, Sun Up and others.

in all his work Mr. Goldsborough has shown himself
painstaking and possessed of an accurate knowledge
of horses that fits him for his position. His earlv expe-

KSSv*J"

CHARLES H. GOLDSBOROUGH

rience under Mr. DeLong was of a thorough character
and has been beneficial to him throughout his career.

332

THE AMERICAN TURF

An old-timer is Mr. James F. Walden, wiio was born
at Columbus, S. C. , in August, 1837. He became con-
nected with the running turf when he was ten years
old. His father, Mr. George G. Walden, was engaged
in the business of handling race horses, and his three
sons, Wyndham, Jeter and James F., followed him in
their choice of occupation. All three have kept an inter-
est in racing to the closing years of the century.

For five years Mr. James F. Walden was engaged in
exercising in his father's stable and during that time rode
many races He found it imperative to stop riding at
sixteen years of age, but immediately took up training
and was employed by Mr. Calvin Green. Afterward he
became connected again with his father's stable, where
some of Mr. Richard Ten Broeck's horses were trained,
among them Prioress, The Count, and others. Next he
came to the stable of Mr. Lloyd, of Lloyd's Neck, L. I.,
and then trained the stable of Mr. Thomas Pryor.

During the Civil War Mr. Walden served in the Con-
federate Army, but afterward returned to New York and
became assistant trainer for Messrs. Pryor & Watson,
was three years with Colonel D. McDaniel, and then as-
sociated with Mr. Jacob Pmcus in the management of
the stable of the Honorable August Belmont. For four
years he handled the horses of Mr. Hunt Reynolds, and
then took the stable of Mr. Frank Stern, the horses of
Mr. Bennett and other owners. In recent years he has
trained for Mr. John A. Morris and Mi. George Engeman,

.Mr. William C. Smith has a high and constantly grow-
ing reputation in the inner circles of the turf world. In

Mli- ^

■'fi-

JAMES F. WALDEN

WILLIAM C. SMITH

and, since 1892, has had a public stable, where he has
trained some first-class horses.

the public eye, however, he is perhaps less prominent
than his ability would merit, from the fact that through-
out his racmg career he has been connected with only
one stable, that of his brother, Mr. George E. Smith.
The success which this stable has achieved during the
last few years has undoubtedly been in no small measure
due to the skill, energy and devotion which Mr. William
C. Smith has displayed in his capacity as trainer.

Born in Allegheny County, Pa., in 1865, Mr. Smith
took charge of his brother's stable in 1888. Before that
time he had fitted himself for the position by a close and
careful observation of the methods of the best men in the
profession, supplemented by a practical acquaintance
with every detail of the work. The record that has been
made by this stable is in the highest degree creditable,
for Mr. Smith has sent the purple jacket and canary cap
to the head of the field in some of the hardest fought
races known to the period. Only the merest reference
to the success of such horses as Parvenue, King Cadmus,
Wernberg, Howard Mann, The Winner and Belmar, who
are referred to more fully in the account that has been
given of Mr. George E. Smith's turf career is needed to
emphasize the fact of the younger Mr. Smith's undoubted
talent and to his standing as one of the best trainers in
the country.

333

THE AMERICAN fURF

Born in New York, January 12, 1865, Mr. Thomas F.
Barrett began his racing experience at an early age. For

Horsemanship came to Mr. William R. Midgley as an
inheritance, his father having been one of the exponents
of the art of training in the beginning of modern racing
in this country. The elder Mr. Midgley was an English-
man of experience and in this country had charge of the
stables of the elder Mr. August Belmont, Mr. D. D. With-
ers, Commodore Kittson and Mr. William Astor. His
son, William R. Midgley, was born in England, February
3, 1875. Brought to the United States while an infant,
he was educated here and began exercising horses in
the stables under the charge of his father.

Ultimately Midgley became a jockey, his first mount
being for Albert Cooper on Miss Belle, with whom
he won the race. Afterward he rode for Mr. A. J. Joyner
and for Mr. J. E. McDonald and won for those gentle-
men many good races on Chesapeake, Rubicon and
other members of their stables. . For two years he was
engaged with Mr. Marcus Daly, again rode for Mr. Mc-
Donald, and ultimately went to the West, where he
turned his attention to training. The first horse he
trained. Sky Blue, was a winner of its maiden race.
Another animal of merit that he handled was Midgley,

THOMAS F. BARRETT

a short time he exercised horses around the famous
Bull's Head, that headquarters for the horse business of
New York City. Next he went to Havana, Cuba, and
was engaged as a jockey, riding at eighty-two pounds.
The races were run on Sundays only and on three differ-
ent Sundays Barrett won three races.

Returning home he continued to ride, his first mount
being Clarendon and his last mount Blizzard. When he
became a trainer, he had such horses as Royal Arch,
Henry B., Harpooner, Mcintosh, and Jack Rose, and with
them had good success. He brought Royal Arch into
condition to beat noted performers like General Monroe,
Girofle and others. Jack Rose won many races and at
one time reeled off six straight.

Mr. Barrett now has a public training stable and is
handling Live Oak by Linden; Marshall by Voltiguer;
Tappan by Powhatan; Long Acre by St. George; a three-
year old black filly by Reporter, and two promising
two-year olds, St. Claire by St. Leonards and Kirkwood
by George Kinney. His own horses are Kirkwood,
Long Acre and St. Claire, the first and the last named be-
ing winners in some of the early events of the 1898
season. The racing colors of Mr. Barrett are blue, white
hoops on sleeves, blue and white cap, and they have
shown at the front in many stirring events.

WILLIAM R. MIDGLEY

who was named after him. The racing colors of Mr.
Midgley are blue, yellow sash, blue and yellow cap,

334

THE AMERICAN TURF

Born in Dayton, O. , Mr. Jaines H. Uumas is now lo-
cated at that centre of racing, Coney island, where he

JAMEb H. DUMAS

has a public training stable. He began with race horses
in 1870, as an exercise boy and then became a jockey in
the same stable in which he was first employed, remain-
ing there for about three years. Afterward he accepted an
engagement to ride for Mr. W. Beecher, with whom he
remained for one year. In those days jockeys did not ride
four or five races a day as they do now. They were lucky
to have two mounts a day and success in proportion.

After he left the employment of Mr. Beecher, Dumas
became connected with the stable of Mr. W. Brady,
with whom he remained for six years, having ex-
ceptional success, as the record of Mr. Brady's Stable for
that period fully demonstrates. His mounts included
Ada Lambent, Bell of the West, Ida, Eli and others.
Leaving Mr. Brady's employment, he branched out as an
owner for a short time, but still preferring to ride, en-
gaged again as a jockey with the Lamasney Brothers,
for whom he won some big stakes in the West.

Returning to training, Mr. Dumas took the horses of
Mr. W. Browning, including Captain Wood, Great Marie
and others, and then coming East handled the horses of
Mr. Jere Dunn. He had the horses of the Castle Stable
for some years, in which time he trained Diablo, Ber-
muda, Elmstone, Thorndale, Argo, Sunshine, Watch Me^
Elkton, and more than a score others, several of whom
were notably successful. For three years past he has been
conducting a public training stable and is looked upon as
one of the most careful and successful trainers of the
day, having among his charges several good horses.

Among the popular and reliable jockeys of his time
none enjoyed a more enviable record than- Dave Sloan.
He has had a varied racing career. Born at Seneca, S. C,
in 1873, '""s '"'11 away from home when a mere lad. Fate
led him to Corsicana, Tex., where he obtained a posi-
tion in the stable of a Mr. Atkinson, where he exercised
horses for a year.

Then he went to New Orleans and became a very
successful rider. Mr. J. F. Caldwell, the famous starter,
was struck by his performances and brought him North
to ride for Mr. D. D. Withers. After a regular season
here he went West for Applegate Brothers and
thence to New Orleans again, where he rode for Mr. T.
M. Berry and Mr. Samuel Hildreth. For a short time
thereafter he retired from the turf, but soon returned to
the saddle, going first to the City of Mexico to ride a
match race which he won by a head. Coming back to
the United States, he rode jumpers for Mr. James Coch-
rane, and won the Tobacco Stakes at Latonia on Henry
Young for Mr. H. T. Griffin. Among the mounts which
won fame for him were Major Domo, Cynosure, Elator,
Worth, Spokane and Bertha.

Giving up riding while still in the height of his reputa-
tion, Mr. Sloan bought Agitator from Mr. James H.
McCormick, won a race and sold him and engaged to
train for Mr. Frank L. Parker. He now conducts a public
stable and has Mr. Parker's horses, and also those of
other owners. He owns the three-year old chestnut filly

DAVID SLOAN

Maud Ellis and several others of promise. Mr. Sloan is
noted for his agreeable manner and straightforwardness.

335

THE AMERICAN TURF

From his infancy Mr. Frederick T. Miller has been con-
nected with the turf. He was born January 4, 1865, at

Born in Birmingham, England, May 4, 1856, Mr.
Alfred Lakeland came to the United States with his
brother, Mr. William Lakeland. After he had been in
this country a few years he became connected with a
large New Jersey fVirm, where he had his first experience
in exercising, and then was engaged with Mr. Thomas
Patterson, who was training for Captain Cottrill, of
Alabama. For that stable he exercised and rode for
seven years.

After a time he took to riding over jumps for Captain
Cottrill, having the mount on Colonel Ellinger, with
whom he won several races. When his riding career
was at an end he joined his brother as assistant trainer.
Afterward he bought horses for himself and also trained
those of Mr. Fred Robinson, and won some good races
with such horses as Little Fellow, Madge L., Biscuit,
Troy, Innovation, and others. He also had Buckra at
one time, one of the best jumpers in America, and who,
as a two-year old and carrying top weight, won nearly
everything in sight.

Mr. Lakeland has now in training the chestnut colt
Kilarma by Tea Tray out of Kildeer, and the two-year
old bay filly Velvet by Victory out of Faithful. He
also has some of his brother's horses, among them the
three-year old Moneyspinner by Lovegold, and Sleeper

FRED T. MILLER

Washington, D. C, and as his father owned a stable of
trotters, he acquired a knowledge of horseflesh and of
racing affairs in his earliest years. In 1883, he entered
the employment of Cridge & Co., the well-known book-
makers, having charge of their field book. Remaining
with them for two years, he was next with Mr. John
Spellman, upon whose death in 1889 he went into
business for himself making a book at all the big tracks
in the country. He was not altogether statisfied with
this branch of the racing business, although he was very
successful in it. The ambition to be an owner soon
possessed him.

In 1890, he bought the two noted campaigners Larch-
mont and Syracuse, and entered them at many meetings
until 1894, when they were retired. In the period in
question Larchmont won stakes to the aggregate value
of$is,ooo, while the winnings of Syracuse footed up
the comfortable sum of $12,000 more. In 1895, Mr. Mil-
ler went West, combining racing and bookmaking in
that section. In the autumn of 1896 he returned to the
East. He now owns the bay filly Duchess Annette by
Tristan out of Emma Mac; the chestnut tllly Deal by
Tristan out of Shuffle, and the bay filly Ellerslie Belle,
by Knight of Ellerslie out of Florence Belle. His colors
are orange, black bars on sleeves, black sash and cap.

336

by Sleipner.
blue cap.

ALFRED LAKELAND

His racing colors are red, white sash,

THE AMERICAN TURF

Oul of the stable of Mr. Pierre Lorillard have come
many capable tui'fmeii, most of whom began their racing

MICHAEL A. COLEMAN

experience in the employ of that gentleman. Among
these is Mr. Michael A. Coleman, a native of New Jersey,
where he was born in 1861. He was thirteen years of
age when he entered the employ of Mr. Lorillard. At
the end of three years he left Mr. Lorillard to go into an
equally first-class stable, that of Mr. D. D. Withers, with
whom he remained for one year.

Being offered a position to ride in the West for Mr. J.
P. Dawes, he accepted and had a successful career in
that section and in Canada, winning principally on Spec-
ulum and Terror. After a year, however, he returned
to Mr. Withers, and was with him for six years as as-
sistant foreman and foreman, in 1883, he went to the
Dwyer Brothers' Stable, especially to take care of that
great filly. Miss Woodford. Two years later, however,
he was back again at Brookdale, where he had charge of
all the horses in Mr. Withers' establishment.

Subsequently Mr. Coleman trained the horses of Mr.
C. W. Chapin, and was very successful, especially with
Crocus, who, in her three-year old and four-year old
forms, won iq races. After rSq^, he owned and ran the
horses which up to that time he had trained for Mr.
Chapin. Then, in partnership with Mr. S. C. Conover,
he had Tinge, Hailstone, Full Sea, Tarentum, Vapor and
others, who were fairly successful. After dissolving
partnership with Mr. Conover, Mr. Coleman still contin-
ued to run Crocus, and with her had several other good
horses. He now has a small, but good stable.

Born at Sai-atoga Spi'ings, N. Y., November 24, 1817,
Mr. John McLear was associated with horses from the
time that he was able to ride. He began exercising for
Mr. R. W. Babcock in 1870. and was with that stable
for one season at Jerome Park. Then he attached him-
self to Mr. Michael Murphy, who had a stable of jump-
ers, and with him took part in racing at Saratoga and
throughout the Eastern circuit for two seasons. In
1878, he went on a campaign through the bushes with
Fury and others, and continued in this branch of the
business for several years. After that he had two trot-
ters with whom he made the circuit of the fair grounds,
winning five out of the seven races in which he started
in one season.

Joining the establishment of the Messrs. Sanford
Brothers, of Amsterdam, N. Y., he was particularly
engaged with the jumpers of that stable. Then with
twelve hunters and ponies he weni to Newport for two
successive campaigns there. For four years he remained
with the Messrs. Sanford Brothers and then went to Mr.
Charles Reed, remaining with him off and on for eight
years. Mr. McLear's next engagement was with Mr. M.
N. Nolan, who owned the celebrated jumper, Bourke
Cochran, and with that horse he had his most celebrated
success.

Afterward Mr. McLear was connected with Mr. Reed's
establishment in Tennessee, and continued training with
him until that gentleman retired from racing, when he
went with Mr. James McLaughlin, and with Mr. Mat-

JOHN MoLEAR

thew Allen, of the Ehret Stable. Then he started in busi-
ness for himself, buying Illusion from the Belmont Stable.

337

THE AMERICAN TURF

Few, if any, trainers of the present day have had
greater success than Mr. William Huston. Born in
Natchez, Miss., in 1863. Huston was only eleven years
of age when he joined a stable in New Orleans as ex-
ercise boy. He was a jockey for six years, riding all
through the South. His first winning mount was on
Mascot at New Orleans, a 100 to i shot, and he also rode
Blazes and Moses, winning a four-mile race with the
latter.

Since 1883, Mr. Huston has become well known in the
North. He rode for Azrael & Logan, a Louisiana stable,
for three years was assistant starter to Mr. James F.
Caldwell, and since 1889 has been engaged in training.
As a trainer he has been connected with the stables
of Mr. A. Garson, Mr. George Ryer, Colonel Ruppert,
and Mr. Edward Corrigan. He is now trainer of the
stable of Mr. J. W. Colt. Here he has the well-known
performers. Decapod by Sir Modred; Lady Dainty by
Darebin; Ben Eder by Fonso; Equerry by Order; Wood

One cannot fail to be impressed with the records of
turfmen who, from being exercise boys, have ultimately

WILLIAM HUSTON

Pigeon
Tail by

by Woodlands; Amus by Ben Himyar. and Flax
Pontiac, as well as several good youngsters.

"9 ^s%^

CHARLES MILLER

become owners. Attention has often been called to this
interesting feature of turf history, but it is impossible to
dwell too much upon it as illustrating the character of
the men who have given to the turf much of its present
importance. Another example of this class of turfmen
is Mr. Charles Miller, one of the successful trainers of
this generation.

Born in New York City in 1852, Mr. Miller has enjoyed
the advantages to be derived from association with those
turfmen who have made New York the metropolis of
racing. He was exceedingly fortunate in his first en-
gagement when, as a boy, he entered the stable of the
Messrs. Leonard W. Jerome and Paul Forbes. He re-
tained his position in that establishment for two years,
and then joining the well-known Captain Moore rode the
horses of the Moore Stable for five years. After a short
engagement with Major Thomas Doswell, the great Vir-
ginia turfman, he was then connected for five years with
Mr. Jeter Walden's stable as foreman.

With James Lee, he went to the stable of Mr.
Charles Reed and then started a stable of his own in
i8qo. His string included many good horses, among
them being Joe Kelly. In i8qs, he closed out his stable
and engaged as trainer for Mr. J. F. Ferguson, of Mon-
mouth County, New Jersey, and, in addition, has also
trained for Mr. James R. Keene and Mr. J. O. Donner.
As a rider, he was identified with such famous horses as
Stonewall Jackson, Foxhall, Glenelg and Harry Bassett.

338

THE AMERICAN TURF

One of the best schools that a young man can have
who has determined upon a racing career is in the great
Hnglish stables. Such an opportunity came to James
Frayling when he was about twelve years of age and
was then tai<en to the establishment of Mr. Meredith
Brown. In the Brown Stable he had scarcely passed
into his teens when he had his first mount in a pony
race. Afterward he rode on the flat and schooled and
rode horses over the jumps.

In this employment he remained until he was twenty-
two years of age, when he came to the United States to
ride for Mr. S. S. Howland. With Mr. Howland's
horses he fast achieved reputation as one of the best
steeplechase riders in the United States. He showed
Ontario, Rosco, Bird and others at the Madison Square
Garden and in other jumping contests, and was the first
man to jump a horse over 6 feet, ten inches, lifting
Ontario to 7 feet, i inch. He also holds the record for a
long jump over two hurdles, 4 feet, 2 inches high, and 8
feet, 7 inches apart, on Rosco.

Mr. Frayling is now training for Mr. P. S. P. Ran-
dolph, of Philadelphia, in whose stable are Marsian,

Among the younger men in the profession, Mr. Peter
Loftus has brought to the biisiness of training the

— -S&ii,

PETER J. LOFTUS

JAMES FRAYLING

Knight of the Garter, Manassas, Filament, Inquisitor,
Cherry Picker, Rhodymenia and Eyran.

inherited taste of all Englishmen for thoroughbred racing.
He was born in Liverpool in 1873, and although he left
home at an early age, he had even before that time felt
his first interest in racing matters. His appearance in
this country was in 1886, and he was connected with
the Fairfax Stable, of which Mr. James Rowe was the
trainer. Here he exercised for one year, handling such
horses as Hypasia, Cyclops, Orifiamme and others.

Beginning in 1888, Mr. Loftus exercised and rode for
the Messrs. Dwyer Brothers for a period of four years.
After that he went to the stable of Mr. Frank Taylor, and
there was successful in winning nearly every welter
weight race in which he started. In i8qi, he rode for
Mr. W. H. Timmons; in 1892, for Mr. Louis Grenner,
and in 1893, for Mr. R. S. Howe.

Becoming too heavy to ride, Mr. Loftus in 1894 en-
gaged to train with Mr. McBreen, who had twelve
horses in his stable, among them Hermania, Malvina G.
and Christmas. He then bought Stephen J., Rapine,
Ballard and William McAulifT, all of whom, however, he
afterward sold. He has also broken and driven trotters
and schooled horses for the Madison Square Horse
Show, and has trained jumpers for Mr. F. D. Beard. As
a trainer, he is one of the best of the younger genera-
tion, and with his excellent experience and enthusiastic
application to his profession, is looked upon as a man
with a bright future before him.

339

THE AMERICAN TURF

Another of the men of the South who have done so
much by their labors to maintain the existence of racing

FRED BURLEW

in the United States is Mr. Fred Burlaw. Not a native
of the South, for he was born in Cincinnati in 1871, Mr.
Burlew's connection with racing as a boy was in Texas
and Missouri, where he became thoroughly imbued with
the Southern racing spirit. He was only twelve years
of age when he entered the Brack Stable at Houston,
Tex., and remained there some seven months. His
second engagement was with that celebrated Missourian
horseman, Dan Honig. His employer was a horseman
of undoubted calibre, and the boy who cast his lot with
so proficient a man laid a firm foundation of experience.
For nine years Mr. Burlew remained with Mr. Honig,
exercising and riding the horses with which that turf-
man campaigned. He was also called upon a great deal
of the time to attend to the care of the animals and to
prepare them for their battles for honors. His long term
of service with Mr. Honig enabled him to accumulate a
little money, and, in association with Mr. T. W. Coulter,
he bought several fine thoroughbreds, who, under his
skilful training, won many victories for their owners.
Retiring from ownership for a short time, he again
organized a stable. Among the best horses that he has
owned have been Miss Belle, Balance, Ferrier, Sir Dixon,
Buckrene and others. With these he won some four hun-
dred races on Eastern courses. For 1898 he is engaged
with Mr. William C. Daly, having charge of some of the
principal members of that horseman's string.

Connection with an American stable of such promi-
nence as that of Mr. Francis Morris in the generation
gone by is an experience of which any turfman might
well be proud. The Morris Stable is one of the land-
marks of American racing, and the horses and men who
have come from it have played important and admirable
parts in the development of this sport in contemporane-
ous times. It was in this school that Mr. John Miller
took his first lesson as an exercise boy in 187 1. He was
then a youngster of thirteen years of age, having been
born in New York in 1858.

After two years' experience with the Morris Stable,
he entered the stable of Mr. William Midgley, where he
remained for a year, being engaged principally upon the
Southern circuit. His liking for the North, however,
induced him to return to New York, where he entered
the stable of Mr. E. 'V. Snedeker as assistant trainer. In
that position he labored well for a period of eight
years. During that time he had an active part in han-
dling some of the most prominent horses then on the turf,
among them being Rhadamanthus, Countess, Duchess,
Girofle, Girofla, Eole, St. Saviour and "Virgil.

In i88t, he opened a public training stable, but in 1888
also took charge of the stable of Mr. W. H. McCarthy,
of California. In his stable he has had such good horses
as Priscilla, Berwyn, Persistence, Royal Princess, Annie
L. and a host of others. He is now training the horses

JOHN MILLER

of Mr. F. C. O'Reilly— Kinvarra, Royal Princess, Whist-

ling Con and Ineennamara.

340

THE AMERICAN TURF

The younger generation of trainers iiave, almost witii-
oLit exception, shown by definite work that progressive
ideas can be as successful in this as in any other busi-
ness pursuit, and that in the art of training there are still
many new things to be learned. Other times, other
men, and it is the young men who are now coming
strongly to the front.

Mr. Edward F. Hughes, who was born in New York
City in i85q, is a representative of this younger genera-
tion. He attained to prominence as early as 1889, by
his riding at county fairs in New York, New Jersey and
New Hampshire. His riding experience was limited to
three years, when he engaged in training, his first suc-
cess as a trainer being with Speculation, who in that
year won twenty-two races, and in 1894, thirteen races.
Other winners that were under Mr. Hughes' care were
Marshall and Harry Alonzo.

In 1895, Mr. Hughes trained the Wolf Hill Stable, win-
ning several good races, and in 1896, he trained, among
other horses, Mr. Jere Dunn's sterling filly. Sunny Slope,
which won nine out of twelve starts. He is now the
trainer of the Kensico Stable, having in his hands the
three-year old bay filly Juda and these two-year olds:
Camotop, Ragged Sailor, Amorita and Tennis. Camo-

Although of New England extraction, Mr. Waldo
OIney. who has attained to success, both as an owner

WALDO OLNE-Y

EDWARD F. HUGHES

top won his maiden
Meeting in li

race at the Aqueduct Spring

and a trainer, is a native Westerner, having been born in
1863 at Manchester, la. He received a good education,
and was thus well prepared to profit by the early expe-
rience that he had in racing. He became attached to the
establishment of Mr. Pierre Lorillard while he was yet a
youngster, and remained with that eminent turfman for
a period of nine years. For one season he rode for Mr.
Pierre Lorillard, Jr., and was then engaged to train Keno
and Emerson.

His success in his first engagements as trainer led to
his employment by various owners, among his charges
being Emigrant and three others for Mr. C. Donovan,
and Pasha, with several companions, for Messrs. Ross
& Oyster. Pasha was a horse of merit, whose perform
ances reflected credit upon his trainer. Filled with a;
ambition to become an owner, Mr. Olney formed a
stable, his string including Adolph, Figaro, Duke of
Bourbon, Ocean, Adonis and others. In 1888, he won a
goodly proportion of the events at Clifton, N. J.

In recent years Mr. Olney has conducted a public train-
ing stable, and also owns several good animals, among
them Juno, a speedy filly that came out of Mr. J. R.
Keene's establishment. Horses belonging to other own-
ers are constantly under his care, and he gives his atten-
tion specially to some very promising youngsters.

341

THE AMERICAN TURF

From his infancy Mr. Richard H. Loud, who was born
near Clarksville, Tenn., January as, i86s, has been iden-
tified with the turf. His father, Mr. John W. Loud, a
Kentuci<:y gentleman of the old school, was one of the
best known men in turf circles throughout the United
States. He will long be remembered as the owner of
the celebrated Lida Stanhope, who was matched
against the great filly Thora, winning three miles in s
minutes, 2S seconds, within one second of the record at
the present time.

At an early age Mr. Richard H. Loud became associated
with his father in the firm of J. W. & R. H. Loud. The
stable included a number of animals of high degree,
among them Lida Stanhope, Richard L., Albert Sidney,
Lady Loud and others. The junior member of the firm
displayed abundant ability as a trainer, and by his skill a
long list of victories was placed to the credit of the
stable. Mr. Loud has long been located at Gravesend,
L. L His training stable has sheltered some animals of
decided interest. It would be difficult to select from the
long array of performers that have been trained by
him those who have specially distinguished themselves.
The list would include the names of such horses as Two
Bits, Mordotte, Billali, Uncle Sim, Montepool. Hindo-

Principally identified with the turf of the Pacific Coast,
Mr. W. M. Murry has been one of the most successful

RICHARD H. LOUD

mere, Japonica, Floral Park, Poor Jonathan, Myrtle L.,
Will Fonso, Antonia, Castinette and Gold Ban.

W. M. MURRY

of the army of enterprising turfmen of this generation.
Like so many others of his associates, he laid the foun-
dation of his career as an exercise boy. For fully twenty
years he has been racing and training horses, and his
name has been identified with some of the best thorough-
breds and the greatest racing events of the Pacific Coast.

Near Sacramento, Cal., Mr. Murry has a small, but
complete, breeding establishment. For many years he
has kept there thirty brood mares, and at the head of the
stud long stood the excellent stallion, Three Cheers. Mr.
Murry raised the celebrated colt Michael III., whom he
sold to Mr. Charles F. Dwyer. In' 1888, he brought out
the good two-year old Almont by Three Cheers out of
Question. In that season Almont won seven races out
of nine starts. At Sacramento he traveled three-quarters
of a mile in i minute, 16^4^ seconds. Later in the same
season he traveled i mile in i minute, 423^ seconds,
winning both the California Annual Stakes and the Night
Hawk Stakes.

During Mr. Murry's twenty years of racing he has won
five Derbys. Twice he won the Derby in California.
With Thorne Hill he beat the three-mile record on the
Pacific Coast, and also beat the 2}{-m\\e record. In
1897, he trained for Mr. Edward Purser, and made his
first season upon the Eastern track.

342

THE AMERICAN TURF

Several good turfmen of this period iiave come from
tine establishment of Mr. j. De Lona;, which not so many

Among the many horsemen whom Canada has con-
tributed to the turf in this country ani who have taken
an enviable position in racing circles, few have been
more agreeably known than Mr. Edward A. Steeds. Born
in Toronto, Ont., March 23, 1864, Mr. Steeds began his
racing experiences in the establishment of Mr. R.
Wilson, of Toronto, for whom he rode three years. His
next engagements were with Mr. Charles Boyle for a
couple of years, and then with Mr. George Hayden.
After this he was with Mr. W. R. Babcock for two sea-
sons, followed by a connection with Mr. William
Mulkey, of Kansas City, a single season with Mr. J. E.
Seagram, and two years with Mr. Frank Elliott. Then
he trained and rode six years for Mr. D. Higgins.

This record represents an unusually long and varied
experience, and Mr. Steeds' reminiscences of famous
horses and turfmen date back to the initial meeting at
the Brighton Beach track, where he rode several races.
His record as a rider is one of many victories. At one
time or another he rode such performers as Ada Glenn,
Springfield, Kenyon and Bucksaw. With My Fellow he
won thirteen straight races, and with Pericles ten races

WILLIAM VAN KEUREN

years ago was a good school for the boys with racing
aspirations. Mr. William Van Keuren, who was born
in Elmira, N. Y., in 1874, entered the employ of Mr.
De Long in 1886 and applied himself to the customary
work of exercising. After that he was engaged with
other establishments, particularly the Diamond Stable, of
which Mr. David Johnstone was the owner. His first ex-
perience as a jockey was with Mr. Johnstone, for whose
stable he rode all the light-weight races and met with
fair success. After two years' service with Mr. Johnstone
he engaged as jockey with Messrs. Kelly & Samuels.
With this stable he remained for one year, being very
successful, especially in winning many races upon horses
that were long shots in the betting. The prominent
mounts that he had were Edward McGinness, Pliny and
others. Next he rode for the New York Stable for four
years.

When he became too heavy longer to ride he took an
engagement as assistant trainer, allying himself in that
capacity to Mr. D. J. Lynch in 1894. For two years he
handled such horses as Contribution, Mr. Single, Judge
and a dozen others. A similar position was offered to
him by Mr. E. C. Bailey, and he was in that gentleman's
employ until he set up a public training stable. The
horses that he has recently had include Lucolo and But-
ler. His work is regarded as reliable and proficient. His
racing colors are black, red maltese cross, red cap.

EDWARD A. STEEDS

in one
Kittie.

season. In 1896, he won many races with Sue
He is now conducting a public stable.

343

THE AMERICAN TURF

The great race courses that have existed for more than
a generation in the vicinity of Nev/ Yorlt City have had

.-ti^'

MARTIN R. LUCKEY

an undoubted influence in stimulating interest in racing
affairs in all the communities thereabout. That many of
the young men of the metropolis should devote them-
selves to business pursuits in connection with horseflesh
seems not only natural, but, in fact, almost inevitable.
Such has been the history of Mr. Martin R. Luckey, who
was born in New York in September, 1867. He was
twenty-one years of age when his first real connection
with racing began. Previous to that time, however, he
had made acquaintance with horses, having for several
years been the manager of his father's livery stable.

In 1888 Mr. Luckey associated himself with Mr. P.
Nagel for the purpose of acquiring a thorough knowledge
of training methods. After one year he formed a part-
nership with Mr. William Oliver and had fair success
with several good horses. When the partnership was
dissolved, in 1892, Mr. Luckey for a short time placed
his horses in the hands of Thomas Dolan to train. A
year later, however, he took entire charge of the stable
himself and has since handled all the horses that have
raced under his colors. During that time he has had in
training such good runners as Steve L., Blazeaway,
Mazie, Kelturno, Motorman and others, some of them
his own property and several belonging to other owners.
With Motorman he was very successful, bringing that
horse into condition, so that in a single year he won
eight races out of eleven starts.

Few men in the racing world have had a wider or
more varied experience than Mr. John W. Driscoll, who
has been a horseman from his youth up, and who, since
turning his attention to training, has been successful
with both runners and trotters. Mr. Driscoll is a Cana-
dian, and comes of a racing family, his father being the
owner of a race track. The son was born at Quebec,
Canada, January 21, 1852, and began to ride for his
father when only nine years of age.

On the death of his father he came to the United
States and was engaged to ride for Mr. R. B. Forbes, of
Boston, and afterward for Mr. M. H. Sanford, where he
was under William Hay ward. In 1872 he joined a
stable of trotters and was thus engaged for several years.
In 1876 he again returned to the running turf as a trainer
of thoroughbreds and also rode in many races. In 1883
he became trainer for Mr. J. H. Shults, with whom he
remained for a number of years at the Parkville Stock
Farm. In 1893 Mr. Driscoll built his own stable on the
Brooklyn Boulevard and embarked in business as a public
trainer.

Among the famous trotters and pacers trained by Mr.
Driscoll were: Thistle, 2.14; Isaquena, 2.21^; Arrow,
2. 13X; John D., 2.2^%; Parole, Moderator, Tom Barry
and many other animals that could trot in less than 2.30.
Mr. Driscoll has never lost his interest in the thorough-
bred horse. Some of his horses have been very favor-
ably regarded, among them, Don Bias, Laurete and Net-
tie D. Laurete is by the famous sire Sensation, and as

JOHN W. DRISCOLL

a yearling ran a quarter 01 a mile in 24% seconds. Mr.
Driscoll's racing colors are maroon, blue cap.

344

Till'. AMERICAN TURF

In the person of Mr. William H. Barrett we have
another example of a New York boy who has grown up

WILLIAM H. BARRETT

among the turf influences oi the metropolis, and has
become an accomplished trainer. Mr. Barrett, who was
born in New York, May 24, 1861, now makes his head-
quarters at Sheepshead Bay. His racing experience
began in 1875, whea he was engaged in the stable of
Mr. James Galway as an exercise boy. After three
years in this connection he started riding, in which he
was exceedingly successful. His first winning race was
on Marina. Subsequently he was employed by Mr.
James G. Rowe as exercise boy and jockey, and while
holding that position won a number of races.

Becoming too heavy to ride, he turned his attention to
training, being offered a position to train the horses ot
Mr. David Baldwin, and he entered the employ of that
owner, with whom he remained for two years. His
next step was to open a public stable. It was inevitable
that he should become an owner, and, accordingly,
about this time he bought several horses, among them
being Nellie Van and Kittie Van. His accomplishments
with these runners was wholly satisfactory, for with
them he won about fifty races, some of which were of
considerable value.

More recently Mr. Barrett has given himself almost en-
tirely to training again, having a public stable in which
he has handled not only his own horses but those of
other owners as well. In 1896, he had charge of the
horses of Mr. Frank Seaman. Many good animals have
come under his care. It is his intention that his stable
shall be largely increased in the near future.

A native of the land of steady habits, Mr. Daniel W.
Mooney has had a varied experience, but altogether
with horses. He was born in Hartford, May 26, 1868,
and when he was a boy of eleven years began exercis-
ing horses, continuing in that pursuit for about four
years, in the latter part of the time being engaged in
riding. Giving up his racing career for a short time, he
became attached to Barnum's circus, riding in the hip-
podrome. That sort of life, however, was not at all to
his liking, and after two years' experience he made a
change, coming back to more congenial employment
connected with the turf His next engagement was as
jockey with Messrs. Swayne & La Trove, for whom he
rode one season. That was the end of his career as a
jockey, however, for the usual fate of flesh beset him.

Accepting an engagement as assistant trainer with
Mr. James G. Rowe, he remained with him for about
five years, and then went with Mr. Jacob Pincus for one
year. Then he had charge of the horses of Messrs.
Easton & Theobald for one season, followed by a two
years' engagement with Mr. W. H. Ryan, in whose
stable were Adolph, Carmelite and others. With the
stable of Mr. W. H. Mahon, to whom he was next at-
tached, Mr. Mooney had undoubted success, for during
the two years that he had that string he won for its
owner seventy-five races. Mr. Mooney has owned Wal-
lace G. , Pocatello, Raleigh and others. He has also run

DANIEL W. MOONEY

a public stable, and has had the patronage 01 owners,
who have the utmost confidence in his ability.

345

THE AMERICAN TURF

Although Mr. John J. Welsh is a native of Ireland, he
is in every respect an American, since his entire life has
been passed in this country. He was born December
28, 1872, and was brought to the United States an infant
two months old. He was only eleven years of age
when, in 1883, he began as a boy with the celebrated
horseman, Mr. Jacob Pincus. Experience in a stable
with Mr. Pincus at its head was an exceedingly valuable
school, and the youngster profited very much by it.
During the latter part of the time he rode a few races
and was a winner in a fair portion of them.

It was in 1888 that Welsh felt that he had acquired
sufficient knowledge of thoroughbreds to be able to do
business on his own account. Accordingly, he left Mr.
Pincus and started riding independently, and at once
achieved sufficient success to amply justify his confi-
dence in his own ability. He started in at the Provi-
dence, R. I,, meeting, and during his early riding, out
of about 140 mounts he won 35 races. He estimates
that during his entire riding experience, he rode fully
2,000 races and won about 360 of them. He has been
one of the good steeplechase riders since 1892, and in
that branch of sport has been very successful, winning
some of the important steeplechase events of the turf.
His riding weight is 125 pounds and his racing colors
are lilac green, gold tassel and green cap. Although he

Born at Gravesend, L, I., July 4, 1868, Mr. George W.
Meehan has been well known as the rider of many win-

JOHN J. WELSH

has devoted most of his time to riding, he has long held
a trainer's license, and has some promising horses.

GEORGE W. MEEHAN

ning races. His first employer was Larry Hart, in whose
stable he exercised and rode for three years. Following
this apprenticeship he became stable jockey for Mr.
James H. McCormick for two years. Next he engaged
with Mr. William Lakeland, and he closed his career as
a jockey in the stable of Mr. William Mason. During
his time he rode some of the best campaigners. Among
them were Jim Douglas, Fawn, Crafty, Wonderment,
Referee and Tattler. In 1886, he won 54 races. In 1887,
he was successful in 24 out of his 95 mounts.

When nature overtook him he turned his attention to
training, and was engaged to handle the horses of Mr.
W. J. Roche, with whose stable he has long been con-
nected. He has sent to the post such good ones as
Mendicant, Lady Knight, Sir Knight, Free Lance, Lady
Mottle and Friendship. Among some of the important
events that he has won have been the Bay Ridge Handi-
cap of 1887, and the Iron Pier Handicap, two years in
succession, in 1884 and 1885. For the season of 1898,
he is handling the four-year old Free Lance by Cavalier
out of Lady Lawrence; the three-year old John Morrell
by The Bard out of Florimel, and the two-year old filly
Lioness by Daniel out of Lady Alice. He has been as
successful as a trainer as he was when riding, displaying
skill in bringing the horses under his charge into good
condition and keeping them there. His work is keenly
appreciated by those familiar with it.

346

TITE AMERICAN TURF

The life of Mr. James J. Brown h:i
voted to the lurf. Born in New Y

IS been wholly de-
ork City, April 26,

JAMES J. BROWN

i860, he began riding pony and horse races for Phineas
T. Barnum in 1873. In this employment he traveled
throughout the United States and established a reputa-
tion as a successful and daring rider. This led to his
being engaged by Messrs. Barr & Co. to exercise horses.
He remained there till 1876, when he entered the racing
establishment of the late Mr. William Astor. He re-
mained with the Astor establishment until 1880. In the
autumn of that year he transferred his services to the
Messrs. Dwyer Brothers. He remained with the Dwyer
Stable until 1884, when he was engaged by Mr. G. B.
Bryson.

In 1888, Mr. Brown accepted an engagement to train
for the Excelsior Stable, and with it again demonstrated
his skill and experience in attaining the best possible re-
sults with the horses committed to his care. In 1889.
Mr. Brown had charge of the stable of Ex-Mayor M N.
Nolan, of Albany, N. Y. After this engagement he went
to the establishment of Messrs. McMahon & Garrison,
training Eolian, Cyclops, Speedwell, Kempland, Ariel
and other horses, and in the succeeding year was with
the Empire Stable, in which Madstone, Tormentor and
Ed McGinnis received his attention.

After a year with this stable, Mr. Brown opened a
public stable, in which he has been successful, training
many winners. He bought L. B. as a yearling, and the
colt gives promise of being a consistent racehorse.

Mr. Philip John Littletield is one whose career has
been somewhat different from many of the profes-
sional trainers of the present day. As it has been nec-
essary to note again and again, by far the largest pro-
portion of men engaged in this work have come to it
through their experience as jockeys. In Mr. Little-
tleld's history, however, there has been no chapter of
jockey adventures. Having served a long and thorough
course of instruction and experience in the general
handling of horses, and having applied himself closely
to the mastery of the art of training, he came to that
pursuit thoroughly well equipped.

Mr. Littlefield was born in New York City in 1868, and
in 1882 entered the employment of Mr. Larry Hart and
commenced by exercising. That work he continued,
for two years with Mr. Hart, for one year with Mr.
William Davis and for one year with Mr. John Camp-
bell. By this time there was little about the stable
with which he was not thoroughly familiar. Many op-
portunities were opened to him to ride, but he never
accepted, for, as he has said, he had no inclination for
that pursuit, his whole ambition being in the direc-
tion of training. With Mr. Samuel Hildreth he began
his practical training career. In Mr. Hildreth's Stable
he was assistant trainer for seven years. Thence he
went to the establishment of Mr. E. J. Baldwin, of Cal-

PHILIP J. LITTLEFIELD

ifornia, also as assistant trainer, lor one year, and then
took charge of the horses of Mr. William B. Sink.

347

THE AMERICAN TURF

In the person of Mr. Edward Johnson the turf has an-
other example to add to an already long list of those who

EDWARD JOHNSON

have devoted a lifetime to training. Mr. Johnson began
his acquaintance with horses at an early age and has won
for himself an excellent reputation for the painstaking
care that he bestows upon the thoroughbreds who are
entrusted to him. Beginning his racing experiences in the
stable of Mr. John Greyer, of New Orleans, with whom
he served an apprenticeship of two years, he afterward
entered the employment of Mr. George Rice, of Nashville.
Only a short time elapsed, however, before he was en-
gaged as foreman and assistant trainer for Mr. P. A. Brady,
of Chicago.

Mr. Johnson's connection with the stable of Mr. Brady
lasted for some two years, after which he became assist-
ant trainer in the stable of Mr. Edward Corrigan. From
Mr. Corrigan he transferred his services to Mr. E.J. Bald-
win, the ftmous Pacific Coast turfman. In the Baldwin
Stable, with which he remained for two years, he was
especially successful with such members of his employer's
string as Volante, Lucky B., Los Angeles, Norfolk and
others. A three years' campaign with Mr. Edward
Brown, better known as "Brown Dick," followed his
connection with the Baldwin Stable and added to his
reputation as a proficient trainer. Upon the termination
of his contract with Mr. Brown he took charge of the
stable of Mr. Chauncey Jacobs, of Boston, then entered
the service of Mr. F. Hadlick and more recently was
employed as trainer of the stable of Mr. R. N. Ellis,
owner of one of the large establishments on Long Island.

Many turfmen who in subsequent years became dis-
tinguished as jockeys, trainers or owners, started in the
stable of the first Mr. August Belmont. A list of their
names would number scores or perhaps hundreds. Of
this large army a considerable proportion have been
favorably known by all followers of the race course, and
no small part of the influence for good that has come out
of the Belmont establishment has been felt in the work
done by this class of horseinen.

Among those schooled under the watchful eye of Mr.
Belmont, was Mr. Augustus Hanon, who was born in
New York City, May 12, 1862. A boy of only ten years
when he joined the stable of Mr. Belmont, he was ad-
vanced to ride when he was fourteen years old. His
first winning mount was Medora at Monmouth Park in
the July Stakes, and the following year he won the same
stakes. For five years he was one of the most success-
ful Belmont jockeys. After he became too heavy to ride
he still remained with the Belmont Stable as assistant
trainer to Mr. Jacob Pincus, and during this part of his
career handled Jack of Hearts, Carnation, Forester, and
others of prominence. His connection with the Belmont
establishment lasted, all told, about eleven years.

In 1883, Mr. Hanon became trainer for Mr. James
Shields and in 1887 took the position of second trainer
in the stable of Mr. M. F. Dwyer. For some years he

AUGUSTUS HANON

trained for Mr. Isaac Dahlmann, of the Empire Stable. He
also trained a public stable and has had his own horses.

348

THE AMERICAN TURF

ParticLilaily
durinii- the l;i

conspicuous as
ter eighties, Mr.

one of the good jockeys
i^MLii Fox has turned his

From the Pacific Coast has come a small contingent oi
turfmen, who have been conspicuous by their attach-
ment to racing affairs. Among these Mr. John J. Sheri-
dan is particularly worthy of attention for his consistent
adherence to the best traditions of the turf and for the
general success that has marked his career. Born in
San Francisco, December 12, 1872, he received a com-
plete public school and collegiate education. After that
he was employed for a short time at the Union Club, of
San Francisco, and in 1888 made his first racing connection.

His start in turf life was in the stable of Senator George
Hearst, under Mr. Matt Allen, and afterward with Mr.
Albert Cooper. There he handled such horses as Tour-
nament, Algernon, Anaconda, Miss Belle, and others,
who contributed to making famous the colors of the
Hearst Stable. Many of these champions were ridden
by Sheridan, as well as trained by him. When Senator
Hearst died and his stable was dispersed, Mr. Sheridan
became connected with the Keene Stable, acting some-
times as agent for the owners. In 189^, he handled
Peter the Great, Aurelian, Torchbearer and others. In
1896, he owned Earl Li, a two-year old, and was also en-
gaged in training for the stable of Parrott & Co., who had

long and solid experience with horses to the advantage
of himself and other owners by engaging in training.
Mr. Fox is a native of Boston, Mass., where he was born
June 12, 1875. His racing experience began with Mr.
Robert Forbes, the well known sportsman, brother
■ of Mr. W. H. Forbes. For many years he was con-
nected with the largest sale and livery stable in Boston,
that of Messrs. Draper & Hall. This gave him experi-
ence with horses that was very valuable.

Mr. Fox's early career in the saddle was in riding prize
winners at the Horse Show and pony races at Mystic
Park, and he won races on such horses as Pacific, John
L. and others. Leaving the stable of Mr. Forbes, in
1890, he attached himself to the Empire Stable of Mr.
Isaac Dahlmann. In 1893, he rode for Colonel Jacob
Ruppert, Jr., and in 1894, became connected with the
Dwyer Stable, riding some of the best horses in that
establishment. He also rode outside mounts for Messrs.
Daly, Boyle & Littlefield, Clason and others.

Several of the races that Fox won were of a sensational
character. Of this description were his win on Poor
Jonathan at 300 to i ; his success with Chattanooga for
Colonel Ruppert at 100 to 1, and his winning on The
Baroness at 100 to i. His achievements finally won for him
the appellation of " Long Shot Fox." When he became
too heavy to ride he engaged in training, to which
branch of the racing business he is now devoting himself.

JOHN J. SHERIDAN

a number of good two-year olds. He is still engaged in
training, having a well-patronized public stable.

349

THE AMERICAN TURF

Born at Hanan-on-the-Main, in 1862, Mr. Henry
Wehrhahn came to America at an early age and entered

HENRY WEHRHAHN

the stable of Henry Bass as exercise boy. He soon be-
came a proficient rider and was extremely popular. It
is, however, as an owner and trainer that Mr. Wehrhahn
has been well and favorably known to the racing public
of the present decade.

During the time the Guttenberg Track was in the
height of its popularity Mr. Wehrhahn had a number
of good horses and was very successful with them, win-
ning many of the largest purses. His experience has
been such that he has acquired a thorough mastery of
the art of training, which knowledge is the essential
qualification of a competent horseman. Recently Mr.
Wehrhahn has devoted his time principally to his own
horses, among them the reliable performer, Princess
India, a chestnut filly, foaled in 1895, by Buchanan out
of Indian Princess. As a two-year old she ran some
good races, and will, no doubt, place many purses to
the credit of her owner in the future.

In 1897, Mr. Wehrhahn purchased from Messrs. L. S.
& W. P. Thompson the brown colt Orthos by Faverdale
out of Orageuse, and the chestnut filly Sweet Sound by
Faverdale out of Cadence. These, however, he subse-
quently sold. Being possessed of ability and devoting
his entire time to the horses in his stable, we may well
expect that in the near future Mr. Wehrhahn will be
found among the noted men of his profession.

When about sixteen years of age Mr. George Chand-
ler, who is a native of Brooklyn, began his racing career
by exercising for Mr. J. Cook. Afterward he was with
Mr. Phil Duffy and Mr. James H. McCormick, but
gained in weight so rapidly that he took to riding jump-
ers, and has since been constantly in the saddle in this
class of races. He has ridden such good jumpers
as Hercules, Charley Maines, St. Anthony, Sanford and
others equally famous. In 1892, Mr. Chandler began to
train, and had Lowlander, Belwood and St. Anthony
under his care. Since 1895, he has been engaged as
trainer with the Erie Stable of Mr. F. D. Beard.

That racing instinct and racing skill run in a family is
a fact that is constantly brought to the attention of any-
one who examines our turf records, even in the most
casual way. Several such instances have already been
pointed out upon other, pages of this volume, and to
them must now be added the two Luckey brothers,
Martin R. and James M. Born in New York City, Decem-
ber 26, 1869, Mr. James M. Luckey was first engaged with
the stable of Mr. John Seaman, and remained there for a
period of two years. During the ensuing three years, he
was connected with the stable of Mr. George Davis, and
subsequently with those of Mr. J. Flynn and of other own-
ers, being engaged in different capacities. This occupied
him until 1896, by which time there were few turfmen
who had a more complete knowledge of the thorough-
bred or who were more competent in all matters relating
to racing. In the year last mentioned, Mr. Luckey went
into business for himself, being engaged with his
brother, Mr. Martin R. Luckey. Their horses and their
success have been elsewhere referred to. More recently
he has had Florence Bealy, George Simons, Curacoa and

JAMES M. LUCKEY

Motorman. His racing colors, white, purple sleeves,
red cap, are likely to be seen often at the front.

350

THE y\MERICAN TURF

Few trainers h;ive passed throuiih many years of expe-
rience witJTOut, sooner or later, meeting with discourag-
ing conditions and liaving to combat witii propositions
of tile most dislieartening cliaracter. Some of tliem
liave sLiccumlied to tlie diftlculties tliat they were called
upon to face, while others bv their energy and persistence
have pursued their work courageously and in the end
achieved victorv where nothing less than defeat seemed
likelv to be their certain fate. The man who can be suc-
cessful under favoring conditions may undoubtedly be
possessed of merit. He who is able to come to the front
when everything has been against him has something
more than mere ordinary stamina in him. Mr. Orson J.
Decker may be fairly considered as belonging to the lat-
ter class, since, during many years of his professional
career, he had almost overwhelming odds to contend
with owing to the unpromising material which was
given to him to handle and from which he was expected
to develop winners.

Before he came into the thoroughbred field Mr. Decker
was identitied with trotting horses. He was born in
Hillsdale, N. Y., in 1849, and until middle life had a
varied business experience, finally, for four years after
1 83 9, being employed as cashier in the Astor House, of
New York City. The fondness for horses that had
always been with him induced him to buy a number of
racers, which he entered on the Eastern circuit, among
them being Red Elm and St. Mark, who were frequent
winners. Red Elm, in particular, ran many creditable
races. Out of twelve starts that he made in succession
at one time, he won four and was placed five times,
coming in third on three occasions, and never being un-
placed, a record that speaks well for the skilful training
by Mr. Decker.

About 1893, Mr. Decker disposed of his horses and
engaged to train the stable of Mr. John Healy, who had
up to this time been successful in his ventures on the
turf. This was the period of Mr. Decker's discourage-
ment. The material upon which he had to work did not
respond to his painstaking efforts, and for a time all his
energy seemed to be in vain. Mr. Healy finally decided
to give up racing so ill was fortune treating him, and
accordingly sold his horses to Mr. M. F. Stephenson.
Mr. Decker continued to train the stable, and success
finally crowned his untiring efforts, when, in i8q6, his
charges made reputations for themselves by beating
some of the best horses that were run on the Eastern
tracks. Hanwell, a son of Hanover, has been the best
member of the stable, which also has contained Euphe-
mia L. and other good ones. With Hanwell he won the
Coney Island Handicap, the same horse being second to
Hastings in the Toboggan Slide, third in the Harlem
Stakes and third in the Grass Inaugural, and in i8c)8, has
rewarded his trainer by frequently winning.

351

For a period that has now extended over fifteen years
Mr. J. J. Cantwell has been conspicuously identified in
many important ways with racing interests, especially in
the vicinity of New York. He was born in Brooklyn
August I, 1866, and in his youth imbibed a taste for all
those sporting and athletic indulgences generally that
have constituted so notable a feature of metropolitan life
in this closing part of the century. Originally a baseball
player, and otherwise an interested participant in miscel-
laneous sporting affairs, Mr. Cantwell naturally drifted
into racing, and found when he had once entered upon
that field of activity that he had an inborn penchant for
it. Thenceforth that engaged all his attention and his
undivided energies.

It was in 1880 that he first began to feel more than a
superficial attraction toward the turf, and soon after that
time he entered the ranks of racing owners. Wayward
was the first horse that he owned, and his success with
that animal, who won many good races for him, was of
such a satisfactory character that he felt abundantly en-
couraged to continue in the career that he had marked
out for himself. Another good horse that he owned was
Hyacinth, who was successful in substantially adding to
his bank account and increasing his fame as a turfman.
It is also one of the agreeable things that he has always
carried in mind that he was once the owner of Low-
lander, but whom he sold to Mr. Fred Lowe before that
son of Lowland Chief won the Suburban in 1893, ^t long
odds.

Another speedy horse that he once owned was Dis-
count, a brilliant youngster, who passed into the hands
of Mr. J. W. Rogers and has since won numerous races.
A striking feature of Mr. Cantwell's career is strongly
brought out by these references to Lowlander and Dis-
count. He has always been a large purchaser of year-
lings, whom he has handled in a manner that has
brought them into such good form that he has been able
to dispose of them at excellent prices, and has also had
the gratification of seeing their subsequent careers fully
justify the judgment that he had placed in them. As a
trainer he has been very successful, and Lowlander and
Discount are only two examples of the many whom he
has handled and who have brought credit upon him.

Recently Mr. Cantwell has owned Beekman, — a son of
Falconer and Maggie Ward, — who, in 1897, showed
excellent speed. At the Fall Meeting of the Pimlico
Driving Club, in November, 1897, Beekman won a five
furlongs dash in i minute, 5}^ seconds, beating Princess
India and Laural Leaf. Mr. Cantwell has also been from
time to time interested in bookmaking, and in connec-
tion with his other ventures has recently had a half
interest in one of the prominent books. He has made
many friends among his racing intimates who recognize
his abilities and his sterling personal qualities.

THE AMERICAN TURF

Beginning liis public career as a jocl<ey, Mr. George
Sigler has not been less distinguished as a trainer. He
is a native of Michigan, having been born in the town of
Niles, in that State, in 1873. Although comparatively a
young man, he has had a racing experience that covers
some sixteen years and has been full of variety, stirring
incidents and praiseworthy accomplishments.

For the first few years after he entered upon turf life
he was engaged in the customary routine of work about
the stable and profited to the fullest extent by his oppor-
tunities, gaining a sound knowledge of the horses with
whom he came in contact and the best methods of riding
and handling them. When he came to receive his first
mounts he was recognized as a young man of undoubted
capacity. In 1887, he rode for Mr. James Gray, winning
on Dare, Jim Gray, Withlow and numerous others.
Afterward he entered the employ of Mr. James Davis,
with whom he was engaged for a period of seven years.
During that time he rode many of Mr. Davis' horses,
and was also engaged as foreman of the stable, his pro-
ficiency in the latter position being fully demonstrated
in many successive seasons. His record as a jockey was
of a high character. Although he did not ride as fre-
quently as some other members of the profession, his
proportion of winning races out of the number of
mounts that he had was of a creditable character.

In training, he has been even more successful than he
was in riding, and during the last few years he has had
the handling of some very good runners. The most
prominent horses that he has brought to the post have
been Golow, Minoco, Katie B., Governor Sheehan,
Storm King and Captain Kidd. His success with these
and other horses that have come under his charge has
been of the most decided character and stamped him as
a trainer of merit. During two years his horses won
forty races. Out of this number twenty-five were cap-
tured by Minoco, Katie B. and Golow, while in fifteen
instances Governor Sheehan, Storm King and Captain
Kidd flashed first by the stand at the head of their fields.

In late years Mr. Sigler has had in training several of
these old campaigners with whom he has' won success,
particularly Storm King, Governor Sheehan and Captain
Kidd, and has also had Storm Queen and other good
ones. For a time he trained for the stable of Mr. C. H.
Gorman, and has had many two-year olds, in the hand-
ling of whom he has shown a great deal of skill and
good judgment. His entire career has been another
illustration of the amount of talent and subtile qualifica-
tions that have been called into existence and developed
by the demands of the turf during the present quarter of
a century. The situation has created a class of capable
men, who in their line of pursuit are unequaled any-
where in the world, and of these Mr. Sigler is a
notable example.

For nearly twenty-five years Mr. Matthew Feakes, one
of the best known trainers of the present day, has been
connected with the turf in England and in the United
States. He is one of the best, as he has been one of
the foremost, representatives of the little company of
English horsemen who have found the best field for the
exercise of their talents in this country. His services in
the United States have extended over a period only a
little short of twenty years, which has covered one of
the most brilliant eras of the American turf.

Mr. Feakes is a native of Cambridge, England, where
he was born in i860, and his early career is, in substance,
simply a repetition of that of other men who have at-
tained eminence in the profession to which he has de-
voted himself. Entered as a stable boy in one of the
famous English establishments, he served a long appren-
ticeship there, and, passing through various ranks of
employment, became well known as an able trainer
before 1880. It was in 1881 that he left his nati-ve land
and came to the United States. Upon his arrival in this
country, his reputation being well known in turf circles,
he readily obtained employment, his first position being
that of foreman in the stable of Mr. Pierre Lorillard. He
retained this connection for some five years, and there
added to his education as an English trainer a practical
knowledge of thoroughbred training in this country and
of American racing methods that went far toward laying
the foundations of the great success of his later years.

Ultimately, however. Governor Bowie, of Maryland,
one of the most enthusiastic lovers of the "sport of
kings" in that period, and owner of many fine speci-
mens of the thoroughbred race horse, persuaded Mr.
Feakes to join his staff. In the Bowie Stable he handled
Belle d'Or, Vosburg and several other first-class runners,
and met with generally excellent success, his horses
being brought to the post in good condition and being
frequent winners. The connection of Mr. Feakes with
the Bowie Stable ceased only with the death of Governor
Bowie and the sale of his horses.

For a short time Mr. Feakes was employed with the
Messrs. Burridge Brothers, where he handled St. Felix,
Coxswain, Tom Watson and others. Since 1899, he has
been the trainer of Messrs. B. F. & William P. Clyde,
owners of the Goughacres Stable. There he has had
charge of such noted horses as Peacemaker, Lustre, Carib
and others. More recently the string trained by him has
included the five-year old Liffy by Ballinafad; the four-
year old Cacique by Iroquois; the three-year olds Momen-
tum by Sir Modred; Irwin by Executor; Clonsilla by
Enthusiast; Kilt by Kantaka, and Tyrian by Tyrant; the
two-year olds. Evident by Executor; Golden Buckle by
Golden Garter, and Over All by Top Gallant; four
two-year old Executor fillies, Evident, Europa, Etona
and Elfin, and one Executor colt, Eager.

352

THE AMERICAN TURF

Out of Tennessee have come many of the most famous
jockeys, trainers and other turfmen. Scarcely second to
Kentucky has that State been in the prominence which
its thoroughbred breeding and racing interests have as-
sumed. Every man and boy in Tennessee must sooner
or later have some connection, even if remote, with turf
affairs, and a racing interest seems to be really the natural
inheritance of every Tennessee born individual.

Born amid the favorable surroundings which that rac-
ing State presents, Mr. Howard Williams has had a
career in every way worthy of his nativity. He is a
native of Gallatin, the centre of some of the greatest
breeding interests of the South. His birth occurred
April 2q, i8bo. While most boys think that they are
doing remarkably well if they become attached to a
stable by the time they have entered their teens, Mr.
Williams exceeded them in his youthful enterprise. He
was only nine years old when he became an apprentice
in the stable of A. C. Franklin. For a space of five
years he remained in the employ of that gentleman, and
in that time applied himself so closely that when he was
called upon to join the stable of Mr. George H. Rice as
jockey few boys could surpass him in knowledge of his
work. For seven years he rode for Mr. Rice and became
very successful. Such horses as Wanderer, Volcano,
Grey Steel, Creedmore, Fairplay, Whisper, Add, Arizona,
Nevada and many others were guided to victory by him,
and he won scores of the great stakes, such as the Ala-
bama Stakes and the Flash Stakes of 1872, the Nashville,
the Baltimore, the Westchester and the Monmouth Cups
in 1874. Wanderer won five races out of eight starts,
four of which were cups; Arizona fifteen out of nineteen
starts in one season and Nevada seven races out of
nine starts. Numerous other stakes Mr. Williams placed
to his credit during his extended and successful career.
Particularly conspicuous among them were the Savan-
nah, Ga., Cup in 1874, the Barrie Pot, in Canada, the
same year, the Louisville St. Leger in 1876, the Dixie
Stakes and the Louisville Hotel Handicap in 1877, and
the Cumberland Stakes in 1876.

After seven years of riding he graduated from the
saddle and took a position as assistant trainer In the
stable of Mr. Edward Corrigan. Three years with Mr.
Corrigan, three years with Mr. W. E. Applegate and a
short term of service with Messrs. Madden & Strauss,
were followed by an engagement to be the trainer of
Mr. W. M. Wallace, when that gentleman was first
organizing his stable. His success with Mr. Wallace's
horses has stamped him as one of the clever trainers of
the present generation. During his career he has handled
many excellent horses, among them Pleasantry, Fannie
S., Potentate, Harry Reed, Ella Reed, Applause, McKee,
Rossetta, Jessie Taral, Lollie Easton, The Commoner,
The Winner, Orinda and many others.

353

As the character, reliability and importance of a stable
may at all times be judged by the class of men who
comprise its staff of trainers, riders and other employees,
so may the standing, stability and honesty of a trainer
be measured to a considerable extent by the fame of the
stable that avails itself of his professional services. From
this point of view the connection of Mr. Frank Kelly
with the stable of Mr. H. Eugene Leigh at once locates
him in a high place in the profession.

Mr. Kelly is a native of Woodstock, Canada, and was
born in 1863. Like most of the men who have been
connected with the turf as active workers, he may be
said to have given his entire life to the calling. The
society of horses has been his chief delight from the time
that he was first able to understand them. In 1877,
when he was but fourteen years of age, he had already
had experience as an exercise boy, having been attached
to the stable of Mr. Charles Boyle, of Woodstock. For
four years he maintained his connection with that estab-
lishment and came out of his apprenticeship thoroughly
well equipped for the work that was before him. In
1881, he transferred his services to Mr. Erastus Burgess,
of Woodstock. No longer was he confined to the tasks
of an exercise boy, for he was soon promoted to do
some riding and faithfully executed the trust that was
placed upon him.

With the thorough experience that he had now gained
he felt impressed with the idea that opportunities were
open before him in a broader field than that in which he
had up to this time labored. Accordingly in 1883, he
came to the United States, and, with four horses that he
had purchased, Glendower, Betty Scott, George Gibbs
and Traction, rode on all the principal courses of the
South. One season, however, was all that he then gave
to personal ownership, and, selling his stable in 1884, he
accepted an engagement as trainer with Mr. F. E. Sage,
with whom he remained for four years. His association
with the stable and the La Belle Stud Farm of Mr. Leigh,
which began in 1888, and has been uninterrupted down
to the present time, has been of the most interesting and
important character. The great campaigners that have
so frequently carried Mr. Leigh's colors to the front have
owed no small part of their winning power to the care-
ful and capable attention that Mr. Kelly has given to
them in order to bring them to the post in fit condition.
His charges have, as is well known, been identified with
many notable events, and by their work have reflected
credit upon their trainer quite as well as upon their
owner. Mr. Kelly is an excellent judge of the capacities
or possibilities of the horses that are placed in his charge,
and has shown exceptional skill in the application of
good methods to their treatment. Although he has con-
sistently and closely applied himself to training, he has
in later years owned several prominent horses.

THE AMERICAN TURF

From the time he was eleven years of age, Mr. Luke
Pryor, owner and trainer, has been identified with the
turf world. He was born in 1861, near Corepton, Eng-
land, and at the age of eleven years began his duties as
exercise boy under the instruction of his father, Mr. John
Benjamin Pryor. The elder Pryor was born in Virginia
in 1812, and died December 26, 1890. He was one of
the best known horsemen of his day, and, in 1872, was
engaged as trainer for Mr. August Belmont, and it was
at this period that his son first entered upon his duties.

His services continued there two yeais, when both the
elder and younger Pryor transferred their allegiance to
the stable of Mr. Francis Morris. This engagement
lasted until 1881, and during that time nothing was left
undone that might lend itself to the perfection of the
young man's education in a turf sense. He became
proficient in every detail of his profession, and during
the latter part of the long, profitable and pleasant term
at the Morris Stable, he was advanced to the position of
assistant trainer under his father.

During this tenure of seven years Mr. Pryor made
a number of trips to Europe with his father, traveling
extensively in England and France. All of this served
to sharpen his understanding and widen his knowledge
of the necessary phases of his calling, and his tuition
Under his father proved most fortunate.

After closing his engagement with Mr. Morris, he
joined his brother, Mr. William Pryor, in a partnership,
and they became the owners of Saxony. This horse
they trained and entered a number of times. They fi-
nally sold the horse, and soon afterward Mr. Luke Pryor
opened a public stable, which he continued until 1895.
Disposing of this enterpirse, he contracted as trainer with
Mr. Johnson, of the Columbia Stable. It may be noted
that the horses trained by Mr. Pryor during his long
career included some eminent ones, particularly Beck,
Benedict, Prairie, Saxony, Voltaire, Daisy Woodruff and
Navigation. The horses. Saxony and Atlantic, were
among the number that he owned. His colors, the
bright red-spotted jacket and blue cap, have stood for
victory in many an event, the purses that he has won
having mcluded a handicap in 1884, at Monmouth Park;
two other purses on this course, and one with Saxony
at Brighton Beach in 1886; a big stake at Morris Park in
1895, and the two-year old stake with Bon Ami.

Mr. Pryor has now retired from active participation in
turt affairs. His comfortable home in Holmdel, N. J,,
is one of the facts in evidence to prove the success that
he won during his career as a turfman. Certainly no
one had greater opportunity than he in an educational
way, and the use that he made of it was shown in the
results of his work. His entire career has been an illus-
tration of the value of thorough training in youth, and
has earned for him the respect of his fellow turfmen.

Once a turfman, always a turfman, seems to be quite
as fixed a rule in racing as it is in most other employ-
ments to which men devote themselves. When a man
has once been inspired by love of the thoroughbred and
by an enthusiastic interest in racing, the passion is likely
to last him for his lifetime. He may make an endeavor
to break away from it from time to time, or business or
other demands upon him may make it imperative for
him to drop from the ranks. Sooner or later, however,
he is certain to return and take up again the pursuit from
which he had separated hirnself, and he becomes as enthu-
siastic and energetic in following the races as ever before.

Instances illustrative of this proposition will readily
occur to every reader. Attention need only be called to
great turfmen who, like Messrs. Belmont, Lorillard,
Keene and others, come in this category, having now
and then retired from the field only to return, more
active than before. It would be possible to multiply
these instances many times over, and the subject would
be an interesting one to pursue would space permit. The
fact is, that the thoroughgoing turfman rarely, if ever,
voluntarily retires from the pleasures of racing, for the
element of sport in this pursuit gives it a fascination such
as does not attach to any other business. Only one
among many of those who have here been classified in
this manner is Mr. James Fleming, who for many years
was prominent, especially upon some of the smaller race
tracks, and who retired from the field for some length
of time, but again returned to achieve further honors in
the occupation that has such an attraction for him.

Born in Pennsylvania in i8=i9, Mr. Fleming became
identified with the turf by forming, in the first instance,
in the early nineties, a stable in which were three good
horses. Captain Spencer, Con Lucy and Drizzle. Addi-
tions were subsequently made to his string, and, being
an experienced horseman, with some original ideas
about training, he handled his charges successfully.
The horses were first entered at the Gloucester track and
afterward at Washington in the years 1892 and 1893.
They won many good races, and from a financial point
of view made two good seasons for their owner.

At the end of the season of iSg^, Mr. Fleming sold his
stable and retired. Within three years, however, he
was back again in the field, having purchased four year-
lings, who were expensive, fashionably bred and very
promising youngsters. These were Laura May, a hand-
some bay filly by Rossington out of Helena by Longfel-
low; Maid of Richfield out of Bagatelle; Warrington, a
good-looking two-year old by Fairview out of Gertrude,
and a Reporter colt out of Mary M. Mr. Fleming during
both periods of his connection with the turf has been an
example of the hard-working, unpretentious horsemen
who have devoted themselves to racing as a matter of
business, and have found both profit and pleasure therein.

354

THE AMERICAN 'JURE

111 suinc parliculiiis llu' liish luil has rivalcil ihal of its The little section of Long Island that lies just outside

English neighbui' and pnigeiiilor. Natuiallv. racing in of the City of Brooklyn and is popularly known under

Ireland has never attained to the prominence that it has the names of Gravesend, Brighton, Coney Island and

in England, for one reason, if for none other, and that is Sheepshead Bay, has within the present generation grown

the disproportion in wealth between those two important to be a great racing community. In fact, a very consid-

sections of Great Britain. Nevertheless, the Irish people
have always been quite as enthusiastically devoted as
their English brothers to "the sport of kings." They
have maintained a great deal of good racing, have paid
considerable attention to breeding, and not a few of
them are well represented year after year upon all the
great English courses. In the matter of jockeys and
trainers they have succeeded in creating what may be
almost fairly considered a national racing school.

It is an interesting and a suggestive fact that many of
the greatest jockeys and trainers known to the English
and American turf for generations past have either been
natives of Ireland or of Irish descent. They have taken
naturally to the thoroughbred, and with the cleverness
that is characteristic of their race, have developed into
turfmen of the first class in whichsoever branch of rac-
ing affairs they have been engaged. Prominent in this
class by reason of his thorough training, his dash and his
general ability, has been Mr. John Kenny, who was born
at Kildare, Ireland, in 1864. According to the custom
that largely prevails among the people of his native place,
he was, when he expressed a desire to prepare himself
for a racing career, apprenticed to Mr. Pat Dorsey. His
master, who was an old trainer, was considered in his
time to be one of the best anywhere in Ireland. With
Mr. Dorsey, Kenny remained for five years, serving faith-
fully and advancing in attainments until he finally became
noted as a daring and successful rider, both on the flat
and over hurdles.

In 1880, Kenny came to the United States to ride
for Mr. August Belmont in flat races, but remained here
only one year. Returning to Ireland, he rode for Lord
Rushmore, and, in 1885, came back to the United States.
His first mount in America after his return was on Andy
Woodward, a 100 to i chance, who won his race, beat-
ing Revenge and other prominent horses. During the
succeeding two or three years Kenny rode for several
owners, keeping an independent position, but finally
engaged permanently with Mr. J. P. Dawes, the Cana-
dian owner, who had a fine string of jumpers. One of
Kenny's most noteworthy races occurred early in his
American experiences. The occasion was at a meeting
in Boston when his mount, Puritan, beat Frank Shaw, a
noted crack, by a head, over a long course.

In 1896, Mr. Kenny became trainer for the Honorable
William C. Whitney at that gentleman's Long Island
farm. He, however, finally decided to race on his account,
and purchased a number of carefully chosen horses, among
them Maretti by Macaroon, and several two-vear olds.

erable proportion of the social and business interests of
the locality, outside of that which is solely identified
with the summer resort features of the place, has for a
long time been exclusively concerned with racing atTairs.
The necessary industries that pertain to racing enterprises
have naturally been attracted thither in large numbers by
the presence of the great race courses, and the population
is engaged generally in catering to the needs of those
who support the race courses either as active turfmen or
as interested patrons of the race meetings. Undoubtedly
a similar condition of affairs exists nowhere else in the
country, and one may feel perfectly sure of speaking
within bounds when the statement is made that its like
is not to be seen anywhere in the world, except perhaps
at the famous English Newmarket. The situation is an
interesting one, and is worth more than the momentary
consideration that can be given to it here.

The influence of the surroundings that attach to the
neighborhood of these Long Island tracks is really a mat-
ter of considerable importance in racing matters. That
it has developed many useful turfmen has already been
pointed out in many instances that have been recorded
in this volume, and it has thus contributed in no small
measure to the general activity in turf affairs, even out-
side of that particular region. A boy born in Gravesend,
as was George P. Kelly, who first saw the light of
day in 1869, is almost inevitably destined to a turf career
unless some unforeseen circumstances arise to turn him
from the straight and narrow way that opens before
every one of his kind and leads directly to the race
course. Mr. Kelly's father is the proprietor of a hotel
near the race track. His house has long had a high
reputation among horsemen, and has been for years the
headquarters of many turfmen and other patrons of the
race courses. The elder Mr. Kelly has had an extensive
acquaintance among frequenters of the races, and his
establishment is one of the landmarks of Gravesend,
around which cluster some of the interesting mem-
ories connected with the American turf.

Mr. George F. Kelly, after receiving a good public
school education, learned to ride, and for several years
had mounts on the horses that his father owned and ran
from time to time. In 1896, in the Kelly Stable were
three horses; one by imported Laureate and one by
Kingston, were promising animals. Mr. Kelly began
training in 1897, and, in addition to his own horses, has
been engaged in training for others. The Kelly stable
adjoins the Brooklyn Jockey Club track, whereon the
elder Mr. Kelly's hotel stands.

.355

THE AMERICAN TURF

Born at Richmond, Va., in i8so, the entire life of Mr.
Albert Cooper has been devoted to riding and training
race-horses. From an apprenticeship served in the
stable of Mr. Calvin Green, and afterward with Colonel
McDaniel, covering a period of some eighteen years in
all, Mr. Cooper came to be foreman in the stable of Mr.
Wyndham Walden, where he remained nearly four
years, up to the time that he engaged with Mr. Joseph
Donohue as trainer. After a year's service with that
gentleman, he resigned to accept a similar position with
John O'Donnell, but
subsequently entered
the employ ot Secre-
tary J. E. Brewster, of
the Washington Park ,
course at Chicago. He \
left the service of Mr.
Brewster after some
two and a half years.
He began to train the
horses belonging to
Mr. E. J. Baldwin, bet-
ter known as ' ' Lucky "
Baldwin, and with
whom he remained
eleven years.

During his engage-
ment with Mr. Bald-
win, Mr. Cooper had
the satisfaction of see-
ing many oi his
charges returned win-
ners of numerous valu-
able racing events, and
his record availed to
secure for him a posi-
tion with Mr. Theo-
dore Winters, with
whom he remained
nearly two years, and
until he began training
for Mr. J. B. Haggin.
The same marked abil-
ity that had always
distinguished him was
further demonstrated
by his handling of Mr. Haggin's horses, and his services
were sought by and secured by the Messrs. Hough
Brothers, with whom he remained some two years,
when Senator George Hearst employed him. When
Mr. Hearst died, Mr. Cooper bought several horses, and
continued racing them until the Messrs. Keene made
him an offer to train their horses, which he accepted, at
the same time disposing of his own stable. Thence-

ALBERT COOPER

forth he gave his attention to the horses placed in his
charge by the Keenes, and after two successful years in
the employ of those gentlemen, he opened a public
training stable, and has since handled the horses of Mr.
W. A. Chanler and a number of other owners, besides
several of his own.

Mr. Cooper has ridden many noted performers, among
whom were Julina, Oakland, Blackbird and Lady Bless-
land, and has trained such stars as Tournament, Mollie
McCarthy, Clara D., C. H. Todd, Miss Ford, Volante,

Lucky B., Gano, Fal-
len Leaf, Aurelian,
Stephen J., Set Fast,
Caldron, Rosedale and
Hyderabad. The last-
named horse he sold as
a two-year old to the
Messrs. Keene for $30,-
000, having bought him
as a yearling at the
Rancho del Paso sale
for the moderate sum
of $375- The St. Louis
and the Chicago Der-
bys, the Belmont and
the Great Trial Stakes,
and many others, have
from time to time been
won by horses which
have been prepared
under the skilful care
and attention of this
student of the thor-
oughbred, and Mr. Coo-
per is to-day ranked
among trainers of the
first class.

At the present time
Mr. Cooper is manag-
ing a public stable,
where he trains his own
horses and those be-
longing to several other
owners. He has the
three-year old bay colt
Murillo by Morello out
of Snowdrop, the property of Mr. J. G. Follansbee, and
the two-year old black colt, Mr. Speaker by Victory out
of Alabama. He has also in his stable four good ones of
his own. They are the seven-year old bay horse Aure-
lian by Sir Modred out of Aurelia; the three-year old
chestnut colt Ison by Isonomy out of Camilla; the three-
year old chestnut colt Sculptor by Torso out of Loleta,
and the three-year old bay tllly Flame IL

356

THE AMERICAN TURF

Mr. ThoniMs Ciiecno was born at (.harleston, S. C,
March 5, iSsg, and when yet a youngster entered the
stable of Mr. Anthony Hall as an exercise boy. But he
was ambitious, and, desiring to acquire learning that
would better fit him for his battle with the world, gave
up his position and became a student in the public
schools of Charleston, where he remained five years.
At the end of this period he engaged with Mr.
Henry Horres, working with him on and off some
ten years, when he
entered the stable of
Mr. A.J. Cassatt. His
close application to
his work soon fitted
him to assume a posi-
tion as assistant train-
er with Mr. W. P.
Burch. In the em-
ploy of that gentle-
man he remained un-
til some five years
later, when, at his
own instance, he left
to join Mr. Green B.
Morris.

Afterward with Mr.
W. C. Daly, Mr.
Greene served three
years, one year each
at separate times,
and with R. Bradley
he served one year.
During his engage-
ment with the above-
named horsemen he
saved sufficient to
enable him to buy
several horses of his
own, which he en-
tered in many ot
the Eastern stakes.
His success as an
owner was not ex-
ceedingly profitable,
and he thereupon en-
gaged with the .Messrs. Keene as toreman, to handle their
horses and to superintend the stable in general. During his
career Mr. Greene has trained many horses whose names
are familiar to racegoers, among which may be mentioned :
Civil Service, Blitzen, Count, Fidelio, Terrifier, Bolero,
Horoscope, Rhodesia, Royal Rose, Juno, and many
others. Among some of the victories achieved by his
charges have been the Oriental Handicap with Fidelio,
at Sheepshead Bay in 1892, and the same year many of

the big stakes at the Sheepshead Bay and the Brooklyn
race courses, with Prince George and Count, as well as
the Gaiety Stakes at Morris Park in 1896, with Royal
Rose. Mr. Greene's experience has been an extended
one, and it has undoubtedly fitted him to fulfil his pres-
ent position with entire satisfaction to those who em-
ploy him.

Mr. Greene is now engaged with a division of Mr.
James R. Keene's stable. There he has charge of several

of Mr. Keene's most
distinguished per-
formers, besides a
good lot of promising
two-year olds. The
principal veterans that
he is looking after
are the five-year old
brown horse, Ben
Brush, the great Su-
burban winner, by
Bramble out of Rose-
ville; the four-year
old bay mare, Rhode-
sia, by Wisdom out
ofFaustine; the four-
year old bay mare,
Royal Rose, by Royal
Hampton out of Belle
Rose, and the four-
year old chestnut
horse. Horoscope, by
Amphion out of Fair
Vision. He also has
these three-year olds:
the bay colt, Fugle-
man, by Falsetto out
of Queenston ; the bay
filly, Qiieen of Beauty,
by Tournament out of
Miss Milly; the bay
colt, Tickler, by Him-
yar out of Lizzie; the
bay colt. Loiterer, by
Marden out of Lu-
cille; the brown colt.
Slasher, by Simon Magus out of Vanduara, and the
black colt, Game Boy, by Falsetto out of Lucy Wallace.
His two-year olds are: Choral by Chorister out of
Royal Gem ; Sweet Caporal by Hyderabad out of
Frugal; Sheik by Hyderabad out of Musical Gem; St.
Lorenzo by St. Leonards out of Dart Maiden ; Veracious
by St. Leonards; Warhead by Tournament; Interferer
by Meddler; Red Clover by Kallicrates, and Don
Porfh'io by St. Leonards.

THOMAS GREENE.

357

THE AMERICAN TURF

Mr. Henry Harris was born in New Orleans, La.,
March 7, 1861, and inas devoted some twenty years of

^

HENRY HARRIS

his life to his profession. His first engagement was in
the stable of Mr. James Davis of Nashville, Tenn., and
after six years of thorough work there he divided his
time successively between such well-known horsemen
as Mr. William Bird, Mr. George H. Rice, of Nashville,
and Mr. Burnham, of Cesadaga, N. Y. After nine
months' service as trainer on the staff of Mr. J. J. Hyland
he resigned, and accepted the position as foreman with
Mr. Frank Midgley, who at that time was the trainer for
Commodore J. E. Kittson, of Chestnut Hill, Pa. There
he remained for a period of almost four years.

By this time his work had attracted the attention of
many turfmen and he was engaged by Mr. Walton,
better known as "Plunger Walton." Afterward he
took- charge of Frank Seaman's Strideaway and other
horses, and during the ensuing three years won many
races with them. Then he became connected with the
stable of William M. Barrick, who owned at that time
Dr. Hasbrouck. For several years Mr. Harris has been
training the stable of Mr. J. E. McDonald. There he has
had charge of Albanian, Flax Spinner, Central Trust,
Mayor Grant, Bettie Gray, Belle of Troy, Storm Cloud,
A. N. B., Pickwickian and Red Snapper. He also has
several horses of his own which have shown good form
and are likely to prove profitable to their popular owner.

Born in 1864, in Austin, Tex., Mr. Robert M. Murray
received his first lessons in horsemanship in the stable of
Mr. Daniel Alexander, with whom he remained three
years; during part of this time he rode that gentleman's
horses in their races. Leaving Mr. Alexander he en-
gaged with General Phillips, with whom he served twelve
years, and upon severing that connection entered the
public schools to increase his store of knowledge. After
a few years of diligent study he engaged with Mr. T. K.
Hawkins as an assistant trainer under Mr. Van Haggin
and remained there some two years. Subsequently he
engaged with Mr. C. H. Pettingill, and later with Mr,
George L. Lorillard. After the death of Mr. Lorillard, he
remained with the widow of his late employer, and was
put in charge of the Lorillard breeding establishment at
Eatontown, N. J., where he had full control, at the same
time acting as general manager and training the horses.

Leaving Mrs. Lorillard in the spring of i8q6, he bought
a few horses in connection with Mr. S. E. Conover, of
Red Bank, N, J. These runners were entered under the
name of R. M, Murray & Co. The list included Tinge,
Dye, Ed Taylor, Kicksywiny Ebb Tide, Onijaand Peggy
Sensation. As a two-year old, Tinge won many races
and as a three-year old won ten times out of seventeen
starts. In the spring of 1896, out of eleven starts he won
nine races, Dye, out of three starts, won one race at
Brooklyn, a decidedly easy victory. As a jockey Mur-
ray rode several well-known stars. Loantaka, Stride-
away, Sea Drift, Saunterer, Flitaway, Prince George and

ROBERT M. MURRAY

many other noted thoroughbreds received their prepara-
tion under his skilful care.

35S

THE AMI'.RICAN TURF

Born in (Ihcvcniu', Wyo.. in iSy^. Mr. John A. Claik
began with race horses under (^,aptain Moore, the trainer

JOHN A. CLARK

of Mr. J. B. Haggin's stable. He was then only twelve
years of age, and remained with that stable, exercising
and riding, until 1892. During this part of his career he
rode some of the most important races in which the rep-
resentatives of Mr. Haggin's stable participated. His
mounts included such good performers as Premium,
Glendora, Doubt, Eldorado and One Time. His riding
was altogether in the West and upon the Pacific Coast.
On Eldorado he won the Montana Cup in 1886.

When Clark left the employment of Mr. Haggin it was
to give up riding and .to accept an engagement as as-
sistant trainer with the Messrs. Burridge Brothers. He
remained with this firm from 1892 until 1894, when he
joined the staff of Mr. H. Eugene Leigh, taking charge
of Airtight, G. W. Johnson and California, with whom
he had faip success. Giving up the employment of
trainer temporarily, he engaged with Mr. J. J. McCafferty
as jockey, and rode a few races for him, but soon after
abandoned riding for good and opened a public training
stable, having in his charge the horses of Mr. Edward
Mahoney and Mr. J. P. Nichols, among them being
Major Nick, May Morning, Brown Prince and others.
Branching out for himself in 1897, he bought Brown
Prince, Lightwing, and others, and has since been en-
gaged in training them. His racing colors are old gold
and pink jacket and cap. He still remains a good rider,
and receives many offers to accept engagements, but
prefers to train and run his own horses.

The history of the turf presents the names of so many
capable horsemen who have begun their careers at a
time of life when most boys have little thought for else
than play that a repetition of this particular fact becomes
in time almost superfluous. Now and then, however,
we come across an instance of extreme youthfulness in
early turf experiences that is specially remarkable. Such
an example is Mr. John Rogers, who was born in Texas
in 1862. It is doubtful if any horseman of to-day can
rival him in precocity, for at the age of six years he
made his acquaintance with horses.

His first experience was in exercising for Mr. Van
Haggin, who maintained a good stable at Austin, Tex.
In a short time he grew in skill, so that he was trusted
to ride, and in that capacity was connected with the Van
Haggin Stable for ten years. During that period his
mounts included General Phillips, Judge Hancock,
Thomas McKinney and others. When the time came
that he was too heavy to ride he engaged as foreman in
the stable of Mr. John Herkins, and was afterward sim-
ilarly occupied with Mr. Green B. Morris. His first
training experience was for Mr. Louis Martin, whose
stable he handled for eight years, the horses in his
charge including Orange Blossom, Topsy and Seadrift.

After leaving Mr. Martin he trained for Judge Newton,
who owned Monmouth and others, and then for a time
had a small stable of his own. Later, he trained for Mr.
Thomas Berry, who had Morning Glory and other win
ners, and also for Mr. William French. More recently

JOHN ROGERS

he has trained for Mr. Edward Lewis, and also has in
training several horses of his own.

359

THE AMERICAN" TURF

From 1874 until 1879, Mr. George W. Jennings was
connected with the stable of Mr. W. Wyche, first as
exercise boy and afterward as jockey. He was born in
Sumter, S. C, in i860, and consequently was fourteen
years old when he entered upon his racing career. His
riding for Mr. Wyche was during the last two years of
his connection with that owner's stable. Among the
prominent horses with which he was identified at that
time were Mary Long, Hatteras and others. His second
engagement was with Mr. L. A. Hitchcock, with whom
he remained for four years, riding some of the best
horses in that gentleman's stable, which included Gal-
way, Busy Bee, Limestone and others.

Bringing his career as a jockey to an end on account
of increasing weight, Mr. Jennings accepted an engage-
ment as assistant trainer for Mr. Henry Winters, with
whom he remained for three years, following that by a
two-years' engagement with Mr. William C. Daly.
With the Daly string he had success in handling such
horses as Swift, Jim McGowan, Belle of the North and
Kitty Clark. With those of the stable that he trained he
won about eighty races. Leaving the employ of Mr.
Daly, he opened a stable of his own, and in recent years
has been training and running for himself. Among the
horses that have carried his colors have been Captain
Flaherty, Tony Foster and Alcinora, with whom he won
in two years about fifty races. He also ran Plutocrat,
Belle of Corsica and Belle of France through the West.

A native of Tennessee, Mr. Arthur Carter was born in
1876. He has had something more than ten years of

GEORGE W. JENNINGS

Mr. Jennings is still active in racing,
orange, blue sleeves, red sash and cap.

His colors are

jmiiir'iii*'ri '

ARTHUR CARTER

active racing experience, first as a jockey and in later
times as a trainer. His first employment was with that
distinguished turfman, Mr. Charles Reed. He learned
so rapidly that he was permitted to ride in less than four
months after he had become attached to Mr. Reed's
Stable. In his first race he finished third in a good field,
which was the best evidence of his natural cleverness as
a jockey. During the year that he remained with Mr.
Reed he rode many other races and was fairly successful.
From the Reed Stable, after a year's experience, he was
engaged as a jockey by Mr. Michael Gorman, for whom
he rode such horses as Fellowship, Sally O. and others.
In 1 89 1, Mr. Carter entered the employ of Mr. J. W.
Smythe, being one of the best jockeys attached to that
owner's stable. He rode many races, several hundred
all told, and a considerable number of them successfully.
On Fenalon alone he won fourteen times. When he be-
came too heavy to ride he still remained with Mr. Smythe
as trainer, and has had charge of several horses whose
names are well known to the public. Among them have
been Woodchopper, Fleurette and Fred Lee. His long
engagement with Mr. Smythe amply testifies to his skill
as a trainer and to the high esteem in which his services
are generally regarded. He is successful in handling all
kinds of horses, and is capable and conscientious.

360

THE AMERICAN TURF

Of Kentucky birth and early experience, Mr. Isaac
Johnston developed into a clever jockey, and has since

ISAAC JOHNSTON

become a trainer of established reputation. He was
born in Lexington, Ky., in May, 1866, and when a boy
of twelve years went to work in the stable of Mr. David
Allen, exercising horses. His persistency and his relia-
bility is shown by the fact that he remained with Mr-
Allen for seven years. During the last three years of his
connection with the establishment he acted as jockey,
riding most of the prominent races in which Mr. Allen
entered his horses upon the Southern courses and win-
ning his fair proportion of them. From the Allen Stable
he went to that of Messrs. Strain & Co., where Mr.
James Downey was trainer.

His year with Messrs. Strain & Co. ended his riding,
and he became engaged as assistant trainer in the stable
of S. W. Street, holding that position for four years.
Then joining the stable staff of Mr. R. McBride, he
trained some of the best horses of that owner, among
them being Major Daly and Major Pickett. His success
was of a notable character, the horses that came under
his hands winning some sixty races. After three years'
connection with the McBride Stable, he accepted a sim-
ilar position with Mr. Andrew Thompson, and in 189s
he had the horses of Mr. R. V. Boyle. His success with
these horses was eminently satisfactory, and especially
with Septuor was his training productive of good results,
for with that horse he won some eighteen races. In
the fall of 1897, Mr. Johnston took the horses of Mr.
John Barrett, among them being Babette and Altoona.

Mr. Douglas Carter is a Virginian, having been born in
Richmond, December s, 1872. When eight years of age
he began his connection with the turf by being appren-
ticed to Major T. W. Doswell. After remaining with
him for five years, Carter went to Nashville, Tenn., to
exercise horses for Mr. James Williams, under whom he
served for two years. From there he went to the estab-
lishment of Mr. J. B. Haggin to break yearlings and ride
valuable stud horses. Shortly the son of his first em-
ployer, Mr. T. B. Doswell, sent for him to take the place
of foreman at the Hanover Junction establishment, and
he accordingly returned East. In 1890, Mr. R. Bradley
engaged him as foreman, and he spent two years with
this stable. His ambition had been to become a trainer,
and as Mr. Bradley was his own trainer the opportunity
to learn was not neglected.

He next entered the stable of Mr. William C. Daly,
taking a subordinate place, but after a year was promoted
to be foreman, and in a year more reached the point to
which he had been striving, by being appointed trainer.
Mr. Carter has now held his position for several years,
and under the influence of Mr. Daly, who has brought so
many trainers and jockeys into prominence, has been
rapidly pushing his way to high rank in his profession.
Mr. Daly's horses are, to use a technical phrase, " always
in the money," and this, in the opinion of many observ-
ers, is largely due to the untiring labor that his trainers
put into their preparation. In all that work Mr. Carter
has borne an active part, and has fully demonstrated his

DOUGLAS CARTER

fitness as well as his conscientious application to the
interests of the stable.

361

THE AMERICAN TURF

Born in Baltimore in 1862, Mr. Wilson S. Taylor made
his acquaintance with horses when, at the age of eleven,

Born at Austin, Tex., October 11, 1864, Mr. Peter
Bratton obtained his first racing experience with Mr.
Green B. Morris in 1876. Previous to that time he had
been engaged for several years in rounding up cattle for
his father. After six or seven months with Mr. Morris,
he started riding in the summer of 1877, having several
winning races in his first season. He remained with
Mr. Morris until 1884, when he became attached to the
stable of John W. Loud, having Lady Loud, Lida Stan-
hope, Richard L. and others. For a year after 1886,
he rode for Mr. James McCormick, and then engaged as
trainer for Mr. John T. Terry and others. In 1889, he
was engaged to train the New York Stable, and a year
later trained a public stable.

In i8c)i, he became an owner, his horses including
Seadrift, Bratton and others; but he maintained this
stable only a year, when he returned to training, first in
a public stable and afterward for Mr. J. O'Leary, who
had Rancocas, Sweetbread, Greenwich, Merriment, Turk
and others. After Mr. O'Leary sold out, Mr. Bratton
took several of his horses and won with them, and in
1896, had a public stable. He now has in training Athy,

WILSON S. TAYLOR

he went to the stable of Mr. Hugh Gaffney as exercising
boy. In that establishment he remained for five years,
when the passion for riding took possession of him and
he ran away to bushwhack around the county fairs.
Within two years he returned to the larger tracks, enter-
ing the employ of Mr. James Walden as foreman of that
horseman's public stable. With Mr. Walden he re-
mained three years, leaving him to take charge of several
colts for Mr. Huggins, who, at that time, was training
for Mr. August Belmont.

The connection of Mr. Taylor with Mr. Huggins con-
tinued until 1884, when he entered the stable of Mr.
George L. Lorillard as assistant trainer. His next en-
gagement was with the horses of the Auburndale Stable.
There he handled such horses as Harvard, Jay F. Dee
and.Huntoon. In 1889, Mr. Taylor became attached to
the stable of Mr. D. A. Honig, having charge of such
horses as Censor and Can't Tell. After two years with
Mr. Honig he took charge of the stable of a New York
gentleman, whose establishment was managed by Mr.
Matthew Sharpe. Here he had the handling of a string
of good ones. For some time after this he had a public
stable, but more recently has been in charge of the
horses of Mr. William Boyle. His long and varied expe-
rience, and especially his connection with so many dif-
ferent stables, has given to him an exceptional facility.

PETER BRATTON

Basil, Charlie Ross, The Camera by Bishop, Lady Bratton
by Spokane, and Lucius by Tristan.

362

THE AMERICAN TURF

Since
man or

boyhood M
connected w

r. Richaid C
ith the turf.

(illins lias
He w;is 1

been a
lorn at

liorsc-
Bards-

RICHARD COLLINS,

town, Ky., March \8, 1866, and began his racing career
in 1879, when he was thirteen years old, by exercising for
a local owner who had Bill Nelson and other thorough-
breds. In 1883, he engaged with Mr. Hardy Durham, of
Louisville, remaining with him for two years, riding
Levant and other animals. Gaining too rapidly in weight
and size to remain longer in the saddle, he gave up rid-
ing in 1 88s, and entered the stable of Mr. J. W. Rogers.
This establishment included Blue Wing, who was second
in the famous Dry Monopole-Blue Wing-Hidalgo Brook-
lyn Handicap; Stuyvesant and other prominent horses.
After five years he became, in i8qi, foreman for Mr. J.
J. Carroll, in whose string were Blue Jeans and Vivid.
In 1894, he went to the stable of Mr. W. M. Barrick,
and in the autumn of 189^, became its foreman, in this
capacity he has had charge of Dr. Hasbrouck, Emin Bey,
Tom Rogers, Figaro, and others, and in i8q6 trained
with success Maurice, a horse with a surpassing record.
Out of tlfty-five starts he was unplaced but twice, his
victories including the Toronto Cup and several other
stake events. The same stable has also included other
horses of merit and reputation.

In a lifetime spent among horses, Mr. Samuel T.
Booker has acquired by experience the knowledge neces-
sary to make him proficient in the art of training thor-
oughbreds. Since he attained the age of nine his life has
been spent among horses. Mr. Booker was born Janu-
ary 2S, 186s, in Alabama, and first found employment
in the stable of Captain William Cottrill at Mobile, Ala.,
with whom he remained six years, during which time
he exercised the horses belonging to that gentleman and
acted as second trainer. He next rode for Mr. Edward
Beardsley, of Mobile, and then was second trainer
for Mr. C. H. Pettingiil, a position that he filled until Mr.
Pettingill's engagement as starter caused his retirement
from racing. Mr. J. A. Bennett, of Parkville, L. I., then
engaged Booker to train for him, and with that stable
he has since been identified.

Among the horses which he has had charge of are such
well-known ones as Temple, Restraint, Economist,
Doggett and Roundsman, and a number of others.
Doggett and Roundsman were the pick of the string,
and showed themselves to be horses of fine calibre, hav-
ing to their credit such classic events as the Capitol and
the Bayside Stakes, as well as the victory of Roundsman
in winning the Washington Handicap in 1896. Mr.
Booker's lot as a trainer has often been a trying one. In
some instances almost a complete resurrection has been
necessary in order to bring his horses to the post in fit

SAMUEL T. BOOKER

condition. All the more from these circumstances his
success has been a full demonstration of his ability.

363

THE AMERICAN TURF

Mr. John White was bom at Charleston, S. C, in
186s. At the early age of eleven years he began his turf
career with Major B. G. Bacon, of Georgia, as an exer-
cise boy, and with that establishment he remained some
three years. Mr. John Harper was his next employer,
and he remained with him until the year 1887, when he
began to buy horses on his own account. His new pur-
chases were numerously entered throughout the United
States. Dame Fortune smiled on him from the begin-
ning, and he continued to buy until his stable sheltered
some valuable thoroughbreds, all bread winners. . Lute
String, Viniagrette, Cora Tanner, War Like, Bank Cashier
and Motorman all contributed to the success of his stable,
War Like in particular winning for him several thousand
dollars in a race in which he defeated Restraint, Beansey,
Governor Fifer and some other good ones. Torchlight
was another, whose race at Jerome Park was sensational.
Starting in a field of fourteen horses, he defeated his
opponents inhandy fashion, with odds of so to i against
him, and thereby won a large sum for his owner. Mr.
White has not always been so fortunate, but, on the
whole, his turf careei has been satisfactory than other-
wise. The reverses that he has met have been such as
befall all turfmen from time to time, and his successes
have more than compensated for them. Mr. White
now has in training his own horse, the three-year old

Having been employed in the stable of Messrs. Whit-
taker & Berwick for a single year, Mr. Matthew Farley,

JOHN WHITE

black gelding. Black Dude by Falsetto,
colors are old gold, blue sleeves, black cap.

His

racmg

MATTHEW EARLEY

in 1882, joined the staff of Mr. Byron McClelland. He
was then fifteen years of age, having been born in
Augusta, Ga., May 27, 1867. With Mr. McClelland he
remained five years, part of that time riding some of the
best horses in the stable. More rapidly than many boys
he took on flesh, so that before he had been fully instated
as a jockey he was too heavy to think of being a rider.
Leaving the establishment of Mr. McClelland he became
attached to that of Mr. J. McDonald, where he was as-
sistant trainer to Mr. Edward Wall. In a short time,
however, he found it to his advantage to take charge of
the horses of Mr. W. R. Jones, the string including Bel-
wood, Satisfied, Babette and others.

With these runners Mr. Farley had a satisfactory expe-
rience in i889-'90-'9i, so much so that the stable was
enlarged by the addition of Postmaster and Charade.
The last named was a grand race horse, winning several
turf prizes, among them the Carleton, the Daisy, the
Congress Hall and the Tidal Stakes, the Grand Union,
the White Plains, the Brookdale and the Metropolitan
Handicaps, and the Double Event. After the death of Mr.
Jones, in 1807, Mr. Farley continued training the horses
that his former employer left. He also has two horses
of his own. Parade and Tea-leaf.

364

THE AMERICAN TURF

Among the practical men in tiie racing world wiio
have won their way from a place in the stable to the
rank of owners there is probably none who is better
spoken of by all classes of turfmen or whose career has
been based on a more thorough knowledge of thorough-
bred horseflesh than Mr. William N. Cloyd. Born at
Nashville, Tenn., November b. 1868, he has virtually
passed his entire life among horses. His school experi-
ences were limited to a few years, for when a mere boy
of ten the ruling passion of his life asserted itself and he
ran away from home and began his racing apprenticeship
with Mr. Geoge H. Rice, for whom he exercised Glidelia
and others. He then became connected with the estab-
lishment of Mr. Albert Cooper, who had Queen of
Trumps, Faustina and some other speedy animals, and
after remaining there for two years came East and trained
Express, Merry Duke and a number of two-year olds for
Mr. W. P. Ward, with whom he remained for some
years. His next engagement was with Mr. F. Hadlick.

In 1884, Mr. Cloyd returned to Mr. Albert Cooper and
went with him to California as second in charge of Mr.
Haggin's stable, to which Cooper had become trainer.
He had a successful engagement, and returned East with
some money, which he invested in a horse named
Ornus, which, when purchased, was a decided cripple.
Under his care the animal regained form and speed,
and started in twelve races with Mr. Cloyd's colors,
being in the money eight times. From that time on

Among the younger trainers who have played a prom-
inent part of late years and whose energy has been

JOHN RAMSEY

WILLIAM N. CLOYD

Mr. Cloyd has been an owner, having had some good
horses in his string, and has handled many winners.

crowned by success, is Mr. John Ramsey, who was born
at Nashville, Tenn., in 1871. Nine years after Mr. Ram-
sey first saw the light he entered the stable of Mr. George
H. Rice, of Tennessee, to learn the art of riding. Like
all beginners, he was first assigned to the work of exer-
cising the horses in the stable previous to their races.
He soon acquired a good seat, and showed such inborn
aptitude that he was permitted to ride quite often during
his stay with Mr. Rice, which lasted four years. Mr.
Hardy Durham was his next employer, and after prelim-
inary work in that stable for a year he was assistant
foreman for five years, and then resigned to join the
stafT of the Burridge Brothers as assistant trainer.

After two years had elapsed, so well had his work
suited his employers, that he was placed in charge of the
entire stable. Burridge Brothers, however, in their late
years on the turf were very unfortunate, and the material
which Ramsey was obliged to work on, while of
royal blood, met with many accidents which impaired
their racing qualities. Still, during his experience as a
trainer he has helped to prepare many stars. He has
displayed great discretion, and has good qualities that
fit him for his profession.

365

THE AMERICAN TURF

Another representative of that army of capable turf-
men who have come out of Kentucky is Mr. Luther Carr.

LUTHER CARR

When it is recorded that he was born in Lexington, in
the Blue Grass State, nothing further need be said to
indicate the character of his early associations and to
show how, almost from necessity, he drifted into the
turf world. It was in 1884 that his racing experience
began with Mr. Dudley Allen, with whom he remained
seven years. During that period he was engaged in
various capacities and had experience in all kinds' of
stable work by which he gained the proficiency that has
since always characterized his work. In the end he be-
came assistant trainer in the Allen Stable. When this
engagement was at an end he was employed for a short
time by Mr. Patrick Gilrov. and later on became asso-
ciated with Mr. James E. Pepper in the handling of the
horses of that well-known owner. In Mr. Pepper's
stable at that time were several good ones, particularly
the noted runner. The Pepper.

After a two years' experience with Mr. Lee Christy,
the well-known Western turfman, Mr. Carr had charge
of Rudolph for Mr. B. J. Johnson, and then was engaged
with Mr. Charles Smith, who was best known as the
owner of Buckwa and several others of distinction.
More recently Carr has been assistant trainer for Mr.
Charles H. Hughes, who had charge of the stable of
Bromley & Co. In that connection Carr was espe-
cially assigned to the handling of that admirable cam-
paigner, First Mate.

A native of the West Indies. Mr. Alexander Hecior has
become so thoroughly assimilated with the racing life of
the United States that he has already become numbered
among the accomplished trainers of the American turf,
whose future holds out abundant promise of extended
usefulness. Trinidad, one of the most beautiful and
fertile of Great Britain's possessions in the West Indian
Archipeligo, was his birthplace. There he saw the light,
April 21, 1877. Brought up in his native island home,
that is not far away from the South American coast and
that has a decidedly tropical climate, it was a consider-
able change for him, when, even before he had attained
the age of eleven, he came to the United States. The
contrast between his native land and the country in
which the lines of his life were in the future to be laid
was particularly emphasized by the fact that his first
initiation into the mysteries of racing, which occurred
soon after he arrived in the United States, coincided with
the great storm of 1888, which the people of our Atlan-
tic seaboard will always remember as "the great bliz-
zard.

Commencing his racing life at this early age. Hec-
tor, like all boys of his class, began by exercising
horses, succeeding in the course of time to riding, and
finally, after a few years, becoming a trainer of acknowl-
edged skill and promise. Although his riding in the first
instance was on the fiat, soon after the beginning of his
career he developed marked qualifications not only for
this, but for other branches of jockeyship. The skill,
nerve and judgment that he early displayed was mani-
fested in the difficult and often dangerous work of
piloting jumpers, and he rode many winning races over
the hurdles, as well as on the fiat. Among the owners
whom Hector has been associated with since he be-
came connected with the turf have been Mr. J. B. Col-
lins. Mr. J. De Long, Mr. J. E. McDonald, Mr. William
M. Barrick, Mr. Walter C. Rollins, Mr. John J. McCaf-
ferty and Mr. L. Hunt. At present he is employed by
Mr. Benjamin Weil.

Mr. Hector, in the course of his professional life, has
had experiences with a large variety of animals that are
entitled to rank in the list of noted performers and best
horses of the day. Among them have been such cracks
as Applegate, Wishard, Helen Nichols, Sirocco. Sir
Walter. Dr. Hasbrouck, Addie, Lawless. Midgley,
Farmer, Madrid, Portchester, l^ingsbridge and Eric. He
exercised all the above, and, in addition, has trained
a number of animals, including Napoleon Bonaparte,
Atlanta and Newtown Belle.

Well liked by all turfmen with whom he has been
brought into contact, Mr. Hector has an enviable reputa-
tion for steadiness and fidelity to the interests committed
to his charge. He has made his home at Gravesend,
near the Brooklyn Jockey Club track.

366

JOCKEYS

JOCKEYS

Those In Sii.ki'N Jackets Who Ride thi-: Thoroughbreds to Victory — An Exacting Proeession that has

Great Dangers With Great Rewards — Gilpatrick, Laird, Purdy, Crane and Other

Oi.d-Timers — The Smart Young Men of this Generation.

f"*HE professional jockey is a modern creation. In

^ the earlier days of tine English turf he was

almost unknown, and public opinion, to a very

. ? large extent, frowned upon him. A change has
come over the situation, however, and for a
quarter of a century or more the chief jockeys in England
have been regarded as very remarkable individuals.
They have been petted like favorite prima donnas, and
have been admitted to the intimate association of the
sporting aristocracy, though that often may be regarded
as a doubtful compliment and an uncertain advantage.
They have also reaped rewards from their professional
services that have rivaled even statesmen or great law-
yers, it is said that as long ago as 1846 the chief jockey
of England received more for his skill in horsemanship
than did Lord Beaconsfield for conducting the Govern-
ment of Queen Victoria. The chief jockey that season
rode 6^7 times and won 207 races, the most successful
record in turf history down to that time. Fred Archer
and others of contemporaneous times have surpassed
that record, however.

Extravagant rewards for successful work done upon
the race course have always been bestowed upon the
English jockeys by their patrons, in 1824, Benjamin
Swift received nearly five thousand dollars, raised by
subscription, for his admirable riding of Jerry in the St.
Leger. Ten years earlier the jockey who won the Derby
with Hermit received from the owner $15,000. One
admirer gave him what in racing parlance is called "a
monkey," a sum of money amounting to $2,soo, while
a third individual gave him $soo. There were numerous
gifts of less value sent to the hero of the race on this
occasion, and he is said to have netted over $20,000 by
the single effort; which was about double the amount
paid to Sir Walter Scott for writing The Lady of the
Lake. Other riders were less fortunate in receiving
princely gifts. John Day, who was a chief jockey in
his time, won in the same week two classic events.
The Duke of Grafton, his master, congratulating him
upon the manner in which he had ridden, gave him the
munificent sum of $100. This, however, was, on the
whole, a rather handsome present for those days, when
a successful jockey, if he was a married man, received
in addition to his usual wages a side of bacon, a bag of
potatoes, a half cheese, or a barrel of home brewed ale.

Riders then were less jockeys than they were grooms.

Contemporaneous attention bestowed upon the jockey
by the sporting element of England has been of an
effusive character, and his rewards have been on a scale
beside which those of olden times pale in comparison.
Presents made to him by the owners of the horses he
rides and of bettors who have backed him, are frequent
and valuable. Gold watches, diamond rings and scarf-
pins set with rubies, riding horses, dog-carts and yachts,
suits of clothes, new hats, boxes of cigars and cases of
champagne are quite common. One noted jockey not
long since received in two seasons enough cigars to have
stocked a modest shop, and the same lad received during
his career, which, though short, was quite brilliant,
eleven gold watches, seven diamond rings and other
valuable jewels. Some of the famous English jockeys
of a generation or more ago were Fordham, Wells,
Snowden, Grimshaw, Chailoner, Flatman, Aldcroft,
Charlton, Bray. Day and Creswell, and before their day
there were Chiffney, Buckle, Butler, Marson, Robinson,
Scott and others who " witched the world with noble
horsemanship."

George Fordham is particularly interesting to Ameri-
cans as having been the first English jockey to ride suc-
cessfully American horses on the English turf. He was
engaged by Mr. Richard Ten Broeck during several years
of that turfman"s English racing. He was a prince of
light-weight riders and among the greatest English jock-
eys that ever distinguished themselves on the turf. In
one year — i8sc) — although he had reached the time when
he was no longer able to ride below 102 pounds, he won
no less than 1 1 5 races and stood at the top of the list of
winning jockeys. He started in his extraordinary career
of that year on the Cheese-cake Course and thence trav-
eled all over England, Ireland and Scotland, attending all
the great meetings of the year and carrying off a large
proportion of the principal prizes, winning, it is said, for
his employers nearly $iso,ooo. Of particular interest
from the American point of view were his winning of
the Warick Cup on Mr. Ten Broeck's Starke, his winning
of two out of the four events at Stockton on Umpire, and
his winning of the Queen's Plates at Epsom and New-
castle, on Prioress. He was a very skilful jockey, and
frequently won on inferior horses as a result of his splen-
did horsemanship.

369

THE AMERICAN TURF

Even more than in England the jockey has not cut
much of a figure in connection with American racing
until within a comparatively short time. It is only dur
ing the present period that he has come forward to any-
thing like a conspicuous position, either in numbers, in
influence or in public consideration. In fact, American
jockeyism, as a profession, is so largely of modern origin
that it does not go back much further than the days of
Hayward, McLaughlin, Garrison and their associates,
which means the present generation. In the earlier
period many of the jockeys were Southern negro boys
who were brought up in the stables and were picked out
for mounts, more because of their familiarity with their
master's thoroughbreds than because they had trained to
the profession. To be sure, they were subjected to the
regular training process and preparation for riding, but
their appearances for the most part were confined to
the horses with which they had an intimate stable
acquaintance.

At the same time, we must not forget that professional
jockeys, even though few in number, were known to
the turf in the first part of the present century and their
names shine with peculiar distinction. There were the
Purdys, father and son; the Lairds, father and son; Gil-
patrick, Littlefield, Crane and a few others, whom it de-
lighted the elder generation of turfmen to remember and
to praise. Among these earlier jockeys Gilpatrick easily
had first place. The name by which he was profession-
ally known was a combination of his right name, which
was Gilbert Watson Patrick. From Gil Patrick it was
an easy transition to Gilpatrick, which was the racing
name that he finally went by. Born in Poughkeepsie,
N. Y., in 1817, he lived to a ripe old age, dying in 1872.
For three generations he v/as intimately associated with
the American turf, and his recollections extended back to
its most palmy days. Of the great racing events that
made the early days of the turf in this country a veritable
Homeric period, he could truly declare, " all of which I
saw and a great part of which I was." He began riding
at an early age, being engaged by the Messrs. Stevens,
Coster and others, who were the principal supporters of
the Northern turf.

Gilpatrick rode in some of the most notable races that
took place between 1835 and 1850, and his fame is iden-
tified with many of the champions of that period. In
one of the most celebrated races of the thirties, that
which was contested by Bascombe and Post-boy, the
North against the South, he rode Post-boy, the loser.
This was in 1836. Six years later, in another great
match between the North and South, when Fashion and
Boston met on the Union Course, Long Island, he rode
Boston, the Southern horse, and fully distinguished him-
self, although he failed to win. Fashion on this occasion
was ridden by Joseph Laird, who rivaled even Gilpatrick

in skill. At the same meeting, however, three days
later Gilpatrick achieved success in a race that was
second only to that between Boston and Fashion, the
great struggle between Boston and Mariner. On this
occasion he rode Boston to victory, four-mile heats, win-
ning the second and third heats in 7 minutes, 46 seconds,
and 7 minutes, ^8}4 seconds. Joe Laird rode Mariner,
and succeeded in winning the first heat in 8 minutes, 13
seconds. The subsequent proceedings, however, were
of little interest to him, for Gilpatrick put Boston to the
front so handsomely that Laird could make no showing
whatsoever. Another favorite mount of Gilpatrick's
was Blue Dick, but he attained to his highest distinction
when, in i8s5, at New Orleans, he successfully rode
Lexington in the great match against time for four miles,
on which occasion he succeeded in breaking the record,
and gave both himself and his mount an international
reputation.

When Mr. Richard Ten Broeck went to England to
race against the English thoroughbreds in !8s7, he took
Gilpatrick along with him. The jockey was not success-
ful abroad, however, and his riding of Prioress for the
Goodwood Cup was the occasion of a great deal of dis-
cussion and of unfavorable criticism. There were some
things about that race that were never satisfactorily ex-
plained, and Gilpatrick returned at once to the United
States without having any further opportunity on the
English turf. Regarding this failure with Prioress, he
always declared that he rode the best that he possibly
could under the circumstances, declaring that no horse
on earth could have beaten Monarque, the winner on
that occasion. As he put it, "Monarque passed me as
if 1 had been tied to a post." His subsequent career
was marred to a considerable extent by his bad habits,
which had the effect of making him untrustworthy.
Nevertheless, he was still held in high esteem in certain
quarters, and was able to secure many good mounts,
especially in the racing period immediately after the close
of the war, when he was managing to hold himself
under control. He rode Kentucky and Ruthless to suc-
cess in the Travers and Sequel Stakes. With Kentucky
his name stood at the head of the Saratoga Cup winners,
while with Ruthless it stood at the head of the Belmont
Stake winners. In 1870, he rode Glenelg for the West-
chester Cup, and his last mount was on Hippogriffe at
Brighton Beach. In the latter years of his life he came
more and more into disfavor and had comparatively few
mounts. In his best days there were few jockeys who
were his superior.

Contemporary with Gilpatrick, the Lairds, the Purdys
and others was Gil Crane, who outlived all of his asso-
ciates, and before he died had the distinction of being
probably the oldest jockey in the world. His experience
went back to the days of American Eclipse and Henry.

370

TLII-: AMERICAN TURF

Early in life he was attached to the stable of Mr. John C.
Stevens, for whom he rode O'Kelly, Mary Randolph,
Medoc and other cracks. But the turf world resounded
with his fame when he rode Black Maria in that phe-
nomenal twenty-mile race — five four-mile heats — on the
Long Island Union Course in 18^2, against Trifle and Lady
Relief. Few more stubborn contests than this have ever
been recorded in turf history, and Gil Crane won fade-
less laurels for the physical endurance and the marvelous
skill in jockeyship which he displayed in bringing the
mare safely through to the finish at the head of the field
in the first and fifth heats. After old age had ended his
career he was not a frequenter of the races, although to
the end of his life he preserved all his fondness for it,
while nothing delighted him more than to talk of
the days when Colonel Johnson, Colonel Corbin, Com-
modore Stockton, the Messrs. Stevens, Botts, Bathgate,
Gibbons and others were in the forefront, and with all
of whom he was intimately associated.

Good jockeys began to be more frequent ten years or
more after the new era of racing set in, immediately fol-
lowing the Civil War. That brilliant period of racing
naturally developed strong elements in every department
of turf affairs. There was a stimulus to breeding, train-
ers felt the increased demand upon them, and the jockeys
could not fail to be influenced by the widespread enthu-
siasm that was the dominant characteristic of everything
that then related to racing. The improvement that was
made from year to year in horsemanship attracted more
than ordinary attention, and the prediction was freely
made that it would not be long before the American
jockeys would succeed in attaining to as high a standard
as that maintained in England and elewhere.

Barrett was generally accepted as one of the chief
jockeys in the seventies, when he wore the cherry,
black and gold tassel of the Rancocas Stable, and when
he rode such champions as Parole, Bombast, Zoozoo and
others. He was so eminently successful, even when he
had a poor mount, that betting followed him to a very
exceptional extent. Hughes, a good safe rider, carried
the blue and orange of the Westbrooke Stable and chal-
lenged attention with Barrett. The elder Hayward
made his American debut and rode himself into promi-
nence, winning a big reputation for energy and bold-
ness. William Brown, who went to England with Mr.
Lorillard to ride Parole and others from the Rancocas
Stable, was highly trusted.

After Barrett left the Rancocas Stable Barbee and
Evans came to that establishment. The former was
skilful and brilliant, while the latter, with less dash to
him, could be depended upon for solid, regular work,
and did not easily lose his head. Barrett afterward rode
for the Rhode Island Confederacy, controlled by Mr. W.
R. Babcock, that ran Ferncliffe, Pawnee, Sioux, Rachel

and others. Feakes, who had been absent from the turf
for some time, returned in 1879, and was very success-
ful, his skill on Molly McCarthy in Chicago fixing him
in popular favor.

But Barrett. Hughes, Barbee, Feakes, Hayward, Spill-
man and others, who for many years had been popular
favorites, were rapidly becoming heavy weights at the
time of which we are treating, and the turf had its eyes
fixed upon many newcomers, whom it was expected
would soon supersede the old-timers. Among the
lighter weights were McLaughlin, he of resolute finish
and excellent judgment, and Costello, clear-headed and
well trained, who was a growing rival of McLaughlin-
Among other light weights then just coming forward
were Shauer, Purcell, Sayres, Halloway, Donohue, Blay-
lock, Fisher, Quantrell, Wolfe and Hennessy. These
and many others who preceded or were contemporary
with them have not yet passed out of the recollection of
turfmen. Now and then we find one who is still in the
field and doing good work. Most of them, however,
have graduated from the ranks of jockeys and are to-day
owners or trainers, with only the memory of their riding
days left with them. Some, indeed, have dropped out
of sight entirely into other employments disassociated
with the turf. A few of them are dead. There was
William J. Fitzpatrick, better known as "Daredevil
Fitz," who passed away only recently. Barrett (Billy
Barrett), who died in 1883, after he had made himself
and the Rancocas Stable famous, has not yet been for-
gotten. Others there have been who have had their day,
sometimes short and sometimes long, in this last quarter
of a century, and whose work added much to the
brilliancy of racing affairs in their day and time.

The players on the stage of jockeydom shift frequently
and rapidly. A single era of the turf sees several gen-
erations of jockeys come upon the scene, have their short
day and pass off to make room for their successors.
Few of the men and boys who are in the saddle in the
closing five or six years of the century go back more
than a decade or so in their experiences. They have
taken the places of those to whom reference has already
been made, and of many others who were also active in
the days gone by, and shortly they will give way to
others, many of whom have already come in sight, while
many are yet to make their first appearance. At no
previous time in the history of the American turf have
there been more successful jockeys or a larger number
of them who are entitled to attention than in the imme-
diate present. Brief consideration to some of those who
have been most prominent and who are also still active
in the work is presented in the ensuing pages. A pe-
rusal of their careers will sufficiently indicate the char-
acter of this particular element of turf life and the very
important and brilliant part played by the riders.

371

THE AMERICAN TURF

An interesting study of turf life is presented in the
career of tiie famous jockey, James F. Sloan. He was
born August lo, 1873, at Bunker Hill, Ind. His Christian
name of James has virtually given place in his public life
to the nickname of his boyhood, " Tod," by which he is
known far and wide. Removing with his parents to
Logansport, Ind., he entered the Normal School there at
an early age and pur-
sued his studies until
he was fifteen. He
was noted as a
diligent student, and
attributes no small
part of the success
which he has reached
in his profession to
his liberal education
and to the habits of
reflection and reason-
ing which his ac-
q u a i n t a n c e with
books has induced.

Horsemanship has,
however, been the
only pursuit in which
Sloan ever engaged.
His entrance into the
ranks of riders was
due to his elder
brother, who was rid-
ing for Messrs. Tracey
andLevy, ofSt. Louis,
who sent for him and
proposed that he, too,
should become a pro-
fessional rider. The
idea struck " Tod '
favorably, and he
went to St. Louis
where he received his
first instructions. He
remained but a short
time with his brother
and secured an en-
gagement in Kansas
City, going also to
Colorado, whence he
returned in the spring of 1888 to take a place, in the stable
of Mr. John Campbell. In the autumn, Mr. Campbell, who
had noticed the lad's remarkable courage, skill and judg-
ment, called him to New Orleans, and there he received his
first mount in a race on Lovelace. His success was such
that Mr. Campbell at once offered to contract for his
exclusive services for five years, which Sloan promptly

JAMES F. SLOAN

IN RIDING COSTUME

and wisely declined. He then rode for a time for Mr.
Thomas Kiley, and for two years was engaged with
Mr. J. M. Brown, who afforded him the opportunity for
rapid advancement in his work. On Mr. Chris Smith's
Van Buren, he performed the double feat, at the Garfield
track, Chicago, of riding a dead heat in one race and
making a new record in another in one day. Having

been prudent as well
as industrious, Sloan
now became an own-
er. He purchased
several horses, among
them Hominy Bill,
with whom he won
two races. He also
made a good invest-
ment in the shape of
h'eland, and after win-
ning several races
with this horse sold
him to Mr. Fred Fos-
ter, of Dr. Rice fame.
His next engagement
as a rider was with
Messrs. "West and Mc-
Grane, with whom he
remained till they dis-
solved, in 1892. He
then joined Mr. Camp-
be 1 1 at Monmouth
Park, but another ef-
ort on the latter's part
to induce the jock-
ey to contract with
him for a term of years
proved a failure. In
fact, Sloan had by the
character of his work
and confidence which
he inspired firmly es-
tablished his reputa-
tion, and his services
were in constant de-
mand by the most
prominent owners on
the turf. At this pe-
riod of his life he made
a record which has never been excelled. It occurred at
the Parkway track, Brooklyn, when, with the exception
of the jumping race, he rode every winner on th_e pro-
gramme. One striking feature of his riding is that his
judgment never deserts him at any stage of the race.
From start to finish he uses headwork, placing his
mounts in a way to secure every possible advantage.

372

THE AMERICAN TURF

The winters of 1894 and 1S95 were passed by Sloan in
California, where he rode a few races, returning, how-
ever, on the advent of spring, to the East. During the
season of i8q6 he repeated, and in fact improved upon,
his former triumphs, and by his performances placed
himself even higher in the esteem of owners and the rac-
ing public. His mounts were from among the best
horses of the day, while nearly every stable that could do
so has availed itself of
his services. He was
particularly successful
with the horses of the
Fleischmann Stable, and
during the autumn of
1896 was partially un-
der contract to ride for
Mr. E. J. Baldwin.
During the season ot

1896, his mounts were
442 in number, of
which he won 132, or
about thirty per cent.,
placing his horses an
equal number of addi-
tional times. In the
early part of 1897, he
rode at Ingleside, Cali-
fornia, and performed
another of his phenom-
enal feats, that of cap-
turing four races in a
single day, three of
them being nose fin-
ishes.

During the season ot

1897, Sloan was en-
gaged by Mr. George
E. Smith and continued
on his wonderfully bril-
liant career. He stood
near the head of the list
of winning jockeys of
the year, and when the
proportion of his win-
ning races to his total
number of mounts is
considered, none of
the riders of the year
approached him. For i
Sons secured first call

JAMES F. SLOAN

AFTER THE RACES

Messrs. C. Fleischmann's
on his services. One of the
greatest triumphs of his career, and in many re-
spects regarded by him with more satisfaction than
anything else that has ever come to him, was his
experience in England, whither he went in the fall of

1897. His appearance there was at tirst the occasion for
a great deal of unfavorable comment and his style of rid-
ing was severely criticised. In the end, however, he
carried everything before him, showing himself again and
again superior to the best English jockeys and achieving
a triumph that was at last freely, even though tardily,
acknowledged by his severest critics. That episode in his
career unquestionably placed him in the front rank of the

greatest jockeys of this
generation, whether
English or American.
Successful as Mr.
Sloan has been in his
riding and in his per-
sonal fortunes, it has
all been deserved and
worthily supported by
the conscientious dis-
charge of profes-
s i o n a 1 engagements
and a constant adher-
ence to honorable turf
methods. In this he
has set a laudable ex-
ample to the members
of his profession. At
the same time his
record is a shining ex-
ample of the certain
rewards that the turf
holds forth to men of
his calibre.

During the season of
1898, Sloan has added
many more notable
races to his credit. At
Morris Park he won the .
Fashion Stakes on High
Degree; the National
Stallion Stakes on Jean
Beraud ; the Laureate
Stakes on Dr. Eichberg ;
the Eclipse Stakes on
Jean Beraud, and the
Gaiety Stakes on Orna-
mental. At Gravcsend
he won the Expecta-
tion Stakes on Kingdon
and the Brooklyn Handicap on Ornament, winning five
out of the six events on that day; also, at Gravesend,
won the Spring Special on Hamburg and the Tremont
Stakes on Jean Beraud. At the Coney Island Jockey
Club Spring Meeting, on three successive days, he
carried off three out of the six races on the card.

373

THE AMERICAN TURF

Few jockeys of any period have devoted themselves
more assiduously to their work, or have ridden more
conscientiously than Fred Taral. Unlike some other
noted riders, he has not branched into side lines, but
has steadfastly adhered to his one chosen pursuit. With
mounts numbering fully 5,000, and with more than
1,000 winning races to his credit during his brilliant
career, he has, as can be readily understood, found little
leisure for thought of anything outside of his professional
work. This eminent jockey was born in Peoria, 111., in
1867. His father was
proprietor of a hotel and
livery stable, and the
boy thus had opportuni-
ties which he fully im-
proved to acquire a good
knowledge of horses. At
the same time he secured
a thorough education,
but when he was about
fifteen years of age was
attacked by the spirit of
adventure and ran away
from home.

His first experience in
independent life was in
riding quarter-races
among the cowboys of
the Indian Territory, but
his cleverness so fully
displayed itself that Mr.
Lew Elmore took him
to the Washington Park
track, at Chicago, where
he had his first thor-
oughbred mount on Mr.
Elmore's Loupe. In this
first race he was a win-
ner, and his perform-
ances were at once of
such a notable character
that his fame spread
throughout the turf
world. In 1884 and in

1885, he continued in Chicago, riding for Mr. McGinty,
a prominent horseman of the Garden City. The follow-
ing season he rode for Mr. D. A. Honig, and in 1887.
for the Messrs. Labold Brothers. While exercising Linda
Payne, in the spring of 1887, he fractured his arm and
for six months or more was laid up. Then in Chicago
he returned to the saddle, and with his arm still in band-
age rode thirty winning races for the Labold Stable in
one month. He was not able to ride again until the
latter part of 1889, when he again engaged with the La-

FRED TARAL

bold Brothers. In the same year he joined the Bever-
wyck Stable under the ownership of Messrs. Campbell
& Nolan, and subsequently rode for Messrs. Walcott &
Campbell.

From this point his reputation began to be interna-
tional, and he has ridden some of the most famous win-
ning races of modern times. To record all the notable
events that stand to his credit would require many
pages. On Cassius he was second in Salvator's Subur-
ban, and in 1893, won the Brooklyn Handicap with

Diablo. Late in 1893,
he engaged with the
Messrs. Keene, forwhom
he rode Domino in the
great races of that turf
wonder. The following
year, being still with the
Keene Stable, he won
three handicaps — the
Brooklyn, the Suburban
and the Metropolitan, a
feat never equaled by any
jockey in one season.
He remained with the
Keene Stable until 1896,
when he signed with
Mr. Marcus Daly and
still continued on his
victorious career. In
that year, for the third
time, he won the Brook-
lyn Handicap, piloting
Sir Walter to victory, as
he had Diablo in 1893
and Dr. Rice in 1894.

Recently Messrs.
Bromley & Co. have had
first call upon Taral's
services, and he has also
ridden for Mr. Marcus
Daly and other owners.
During all his turf ex-
perience he has seldom
been unplaced in any of
the big events, an exception being when he rode
Pessara, who broke down in the Suburban of 1893. He
must be considered one 01 the greatest jockeys of this
period. Not only is he a popular favorite, but he also
enjoys the respect and confidence, as well as the ad-
miration, of his professional associates. He is wholly
reliable in his work and thoroughly understands the
science of jockeyship. Industry, thrift and temperance
have made him comfortably well off. He has a pleasant

home and his domestic life is one of his greatest delights.

374

THE AMERICAN TURF

An international reputation is an object tiiat is eagerly
sought for by every rider, and when once gained, is as
faithfully guarded by him as it is earnestly coveted by
his rivals. Few American jockeys have ever succeeded
in adding this peculiar distinction to their other glories.
In this small class stands William Sims, who, although
still a young man, has won honors on the turf both in
the United States and in Europe that have given him
title to rank as one of the greatest jockeys of the pres-
ent age. Born in Augusta, Ga., January i6, 1870, this
clever rider, like the ma-
jority of Southern boys, ■ -

manifested an early lik-
ing for horses, so that it
may be said that turf life
is really second nature
to him. After some pre-
li mi nary association
with horses he became
attached to the stable of
Mr. C. H. Pettingill,
with whom he came
East and remained some
two years.

The preliminary work
that he went through
was of such a character
as to give him a sound
knowledge of the pri-
mary details of his call-
ing, and when the op-
portunity came to him
to mount Saluda, the
first horse that he ever
rode, he was in perfect
trim and admirably per-
formed his duties. In
1888, he accepted an en-
gagement with the Hon-
orable William L. Scott,
for whom he rode in
many victorious events,
this engagement lasting — -
two years. The year

1891, he gave up to open

dates, his services being called for by such owners as
Messss. Walter Jennings, Andrew Thompson, P. J.
Dwyer and the Labold Brothers. For one season in

1892, he signed with Mr. P. J. Dwyer, and afterward did
excellent work for a single season with Mr. Pierre Loril-
lard. Sims' great success came to him in 1894 and 1895.
His riding had already made him distinguished, and in
1894, he was prominent in many brilliant events, includ-
ing a mount on Dobbins in the famous match with

WILLIAM SIMS

Domino. Greater honors were also in store for him,
for he was engaged by Mr. Richard Croker and Mr.
Michael F. Dwyer to accompany their stables to Eng-
land to ride in that country. Upon the English turf he
achieved a triumph never before accomplished by an
American jockey. He enjoys the particular distinction
of having been the first native American rider who ever
won an event on an English racecourse with an Ameri-
can horse whose owner, trainer and complete outfit were
American. He remained in England four months, and

while there won some
I good races. He received
great commendation for
his clever work, and his
importance as a jockey
immediately rose in the
estimation of turfmen,
for it was more clearly
shown than ever before
that he was possessed
of sound judgment, ex-
cellent foresight and
undaunted courage.

Many offers bidding
for his services promptly
came to him from both
English and American
owners, but he returned
to America, and was
welcomed as one of the
turf heroes of the day.
Mr. Michael F. Dwyer
recognized more than
ever before the value ot
his services, and re-
tained him in connec-
tion with his stable. At
the same time, however,
he reserved- for himself
the privilege of riding
for other owners, and
therefore his name has
been connected with
that of many other
stables. Recently h e
has done a great deal ot riding for Mr. August Belmont,
and has also had mounts from Messrs. John E. Madden,
James R. Keene, M. F. Stephenson and others. Sims is
a steady, reliable and conservative jockey, and has to his
credit the winning of some of the closest margin races
on record. His superior skill is likely to be demon-
strated many years in the future as it has been in the past.
He has many followers, and the opinion is firmly fixed
that he will rank as one of America's greatest jockeys.

375

The AMERICAN TURE

It is no exaggeration to say that Edward H. Gar-
rison had in his day as wide a national reputation as
any one individual connected with racing in the United
States. None of his profession ever enjoyed a greater
popularity with the racing public here, and his record
can only be contrasted with those of the greatest jock-
eys who have graced the English turf. His appearance
in the saddle was almost always certain to produce a
sensation among the spectators at any of our great tracks,
while the expression, "a Garrison finish," which passed
into general speech throughout the land, was a tribute
to one of the most
marked features of his
style as a rider.

Edward Henry Gar-
rison, or to recall the
title by which he is
known far and wide to
the racing community,
"Snapper," was born in
New Haven, Conn., Feb-
ruary 9, 1868. He was
educated at the public
schools, but from his
earliest days horses
seemed to possess an
overpowering attraction
for him. Being em-
ployed in a blacksmith
shop when a mere child,
he was able to gratify
this passion by riding
horses to and fro, but
his real experience with
horseflesh began in 1880,
when he was taken in
charge by " Father Bill"
Daly, who instructed him
in the art in which he
was to excel, it was in
Mr. Daly's Stable, too,
that in some mysterious
way his famous sobri-
quet. "Snapper" was
originally introduced.

His rise to f;une as a knight of the pigskin was rapid.
It would be impossible to give in detail either his
mounts, his victories or the owners for whom he has
ridden. As to the latter it may be briefly stated that
after spending three years with Mr. Daly, he rode for
Mr. H. O. Barnard in 1884, and in the succeeding year
for Captain Samuel S. Brown. In 1886, he was with the
Honorable William L. Scott, of Erie, but in 1887 paid
most of his attention to his own horses, which, among

Cyclops and Speedwell.
B. Haggin was made in 1^

An

he rode for the Honorable August Belmont.

EDWARD H. GARRISON

others, included Eolian,
engagement with Mr, J.
and in i<

Mr, Haggin again secured his services in 1890 and 1891,
and Mr. Marcus Daly enjoyed them in 1892-94. In
1894, his salary was the highest ever received by an
American jockey, aggregating, as it did, $23,500. Three
of the most prominent owners shared his services, Mr.
Daly having the first, Mr. Belmont the second, and Dr.
Gideon Lee Knapp the third call upon him. He rode in
1895 for Colonel Ruppert, and in the season of 1896 de-
lighted his old-time ad-
mirers by a notable vic-
tory with Ornament, in
which all the qualities
of that riding which won
him fame were still ap-
parent, indeed, at all
times where weights per-
mitted, he could have the
pick of the best mounts.
It is interesting to
know that Garrison con-
siders Tammany the
greatest horse among
his innumerable mounts,
while Montana's Subur-
ban Handicap, in 1892,
was, in his opinion, the
most remarkable win-
ning race in which he
ever rode. Personally
popular, alike with his
associates, with the offi-
cials of the tracks and
with owners, he fully
enjoyed the confidence
of the racing public,
whose enthusiasm he
never failed to arouse by
his performance in the
saddle. The success
which Garrison enjoyed
was due in the first place
to a natural aptitude for
the profession. At the same time, he possessed all the
other qualifications necessary in a successful jockey, in-
cluding confidence in himself, good judgment and an
instinctive knowledge of horses, which was strengthened
by years of close application and study of the subject.
His final retirement from an active participation in riding
has never ceased to be regretted by thousands of fre-
quenters of the race track who had learned to admire
his brilliant performances.

376

THE AMERICAN TURF

To achieve success in tiie saddle a jocl<ey must be
possessed of many sterling qualities. A complete ac-
quaintance with his work and an accurate knowledge of
thoroughbreds are not the only requirements. There is
a personal quality in the problem that cannot be over-
looked. Many temptations lie in his way, temptations
that unless he be an individual of strong character are
very likely to prove his ruin. Dissipations that too
often result from sociability and from the popularity that
attaches to every successful rider may in the end be the
bane of his existence, and an absence'of integrity will also
surely undermine his career. If a jockey expects to be
in the first class, he must certainly keep himself in per-
fect condition, physically,
and be recognized as
straightforward and reli-
able, professionally. Add
these qualifications to the
technical skill that he must
possess and he may fairly
expect that both fame and
handsome financial returns
shall be his reward.

Among those jockeys of
the present who, by strict
attention to these princi-
ples, have fairly earned
the distinction of being in
the first class, Harry Lewis,
who has had many years of
experience, is probably as
good a rider as ever had a
" leg up" upon any course.
He is a native of England,
having been born in Glou-
cestershire in 1869, but his
entire life has been passed
in the United States. When
he had attained the age of
thirteen, he yielded to the
passion for horses and en-
tered the stable of Mr.
James Jennings at Sheeps-

head Bay as an exercise boy. After one year, he went to
Kentucky, and became attached to the stable of Mr.
John Ray, of Lexington, with whom he served for a
single season. A short period of employment with Mr.
P. H. Duffy followed, and then a year in the stable of
that prince of turfmen, Mr. James R. Keene, and a year
with the Messrs. Dwyer Brothers.

By this time, the young man had perfected himself so
well in his work that he was recognized as being pos-
sessed of all the best qualities necessary to the making
of a good jockey. Mr. R. Bradley, best known perhaps

as "Virginia" Bradley, gave him his first mount on
King B. He easily proved himself capable of riding with
the best boys of the time, and as often as opportunity
presented itself his employer continued to allow him to
ride. Judge Elliott then secured first call on Lewis' serv-
ices, but during the two years that he rode (or that
owner he had many outside mounts. At the expiration
of his services with the Elliott Stable, Lewis made
no regular engagement, but rode whatever suitable
mounts offered themselves. He was successful in car-
rying many horses to victory, and his reputation as a
first-class rider was steadily on the increase. His serv-
ices were then sought by Mr. W. H. Timmons, fOf

whom he rode for two
seasons. Then desiring to
work for himself he bought
Prince Albert, whom he
trained and rode with very
fair success. Not conten-
ted, however, with this
somewhat circumscribed
field of operations, he
signed with Mr. H. Sim-
mons, of Lousville, Ky.,
but remained with that
stable for a short time only,
when he was engaged by
Mr. P. McGIade, for whom
he rode several good
horses at the Gloucester,
N. J., race course.

During his career in the
saddle he has ridden the
winner in many of the im-
portant stakes. He rode
for Mr. J. E. Seagram in
1896, and again in 1897,
and in those two seasons
added materially to his
winning mounts. He car-
ried off the Wayne Hotel
Stakes and the Cadillac
Hotel Stakes in 1895, and
won the Queen's Plate at Toronto two years in succes-
sion, on Mr. Seagram's Millbrook in 1896, and upon the
same ov/ner's Fernandine in 1897. More recently, Lewis
has been engaged with Mr. James McLaughlin, and has
also ridden for other owners, including Messrs. M. F.
Dwyer, J. J. Harrison and William C. Daly. He is still
able to ride at medium weight and retains his good
form. He has an excellent record as a fair and square
rider. Many turfmen recall numerous terrific finishes in
which he has successfully participated, while other good
work from him is confidently looked for in the future.

HARRY LEWIS

377

THE AMERICAN TURF

Some boys have devoted years to apprenticeship before
they have attained sufficient knowledge to enable them
to ride. Others seem to have an intuitive sense of
jockeyship without long preliminary training. It is not
often, however, that one is able to enter the profession
with practically no familiarity with horses. Such
instances, however, we run across now and then, but
rarely, if ever, has there been a more striking example
of this class than John Lamly. To what is commonly
denominated an apprenticeship, he really devoted two
months of time. For eight weeks he was an exercise
boy and then graduated to the saddle. The success
that he has achieved as a jockey seems even more
remarkable when we thus consider the circumstances
under which he entered upon his career. It was some-
thing to his advantage, however, that he came of a family
of crack riders, and, undoubt-
edly, the aptitude for racing
was born in him. He is a
nativeof Babylon, L. 1., having
been born in 1871. As a
youngster of only twelve years
of age, he entered the stable of
the Honorable August B e 1-
mont, and was put astride of a
thoroughbred for the first time.
It was there that he had his
two months' service as an ex-
ercise boy, preliminary to his
promotion to the position of
rider. That was in 1883, but
his turf career was not contin-
uous from that date. After a
time he gave up stable work,
and, returning home, attended
school, applying himself closely
to his studies for the next four
years. But the love for horses
and the turf was inherent
in him, and finally he left

home again and became attached to the stable of Mr.
William C. Daly. In the service of Mr. Daly he was
engaged somewhat in exercising, but the greater part of
the time saw him riding. For five years he remained
with the Daly Stable and gained a wide and valuable
experience. He had mounts upon all the principal
courses of the country, and soon came to have a great
deal of public recognition for his admirable performances.

Even before the public came to a clear appreciation of
his cleverness, his work attracted the favorable notice of
Mr. M. F. Dwyer, who gave him a year's engagement.
After his splendid service there, he transferred his alle-
giance to Colonel Jacob Ruppert, Jr., for whom he rode
two years, winning many notable events. In 1895, he

378

JOHN LAMLY

changed to the stable of the Messrs. Keene, and wear-
ing the famous white and blue-spotted jacket and cap,
was for several seasons the centre of attraction in
many interesting events. Those who saw his perform-
ances upon such cracks as Kingston, Banquet, Long-
street, Yorkville Belle, Dobbins, Raceland, Civil Service,
Counter Tenor, Don Alonzo, Potomac and many others,
have had an understanding of brilliant, serviceable riding.
His victories, in number and in character, during the
time that he has been riding, will compare favorably
with those of any other jockey, and some of the richest
stakes and purses have been pulled oft" by him. On Mr.
Richard Croker's Prince George he won the Toboggan
Slide Handicap, at Morris Park, in 1893; on Mr. M. F.
Dwyer's Raceland he won the Hudson River Handicap,
and with Major Domo won nine out of ten consecutive

starts. With Civil Service he
won the Scramble Stakes in
iSqi, and again in 1892; the
Breckenridge Stakes, in 1891,
on Major Domo; the Expecta-
tion Stakes, in 1893, on
Chatham, and the United
States Hotel Stakes, in 1894,
on Peacemaker. His Metropol-
itan Handicap, with Mr.
Keene's Voter, in 1897,
when he led by the post such
speedy ones as The Winner,
Casseopia and others, over the
Withers Mile in i minute, 41 ]4
seconds, was only one of the
many brilliant achievements
that have distinguished his
long and eventful career.

In the fall of 1897, Lamly
was principally engaged with
- Mr. Marcus Daly, riding on the
Montana circuit, and was lit-
tle, if any, seen on the Eastern
courses. More recently he has been under engagement
to Mr. M. F. Dwyer, his old employer of several years
ago, and has also occasionally ridden for other stables,
when Mr. Dwyer has not had need of his services. At
the Spring Meeting, at Morris Park, in 1898, he won the
Bouquet Stakes on Kingdon. He is a thoroughly good
jockey, who has worked long, persistently and honestly,
and has attained to the position that he now holds
through his undoubted merit. He is held in high esteem
by the public and is respected and trusted by those
owners who have had occasion to avail themselves of
his clever talent. Racing is made more interesting to
the public and of more moment to owners by reason of
the service of such jokeys as Lamly.

THE AMERICAN TURF

That intelligence and education count for much toward
success as a jockey is demonstrated in repeated instances.
It is no easy task to guide a horse safely through a field
of struggling rivals. To accomplish this requires some-
thing more than mere courage and physical strength.
The jockey who hopes to be successful must not only
have made a particular study of his profession and have
acquired a complete knowledge of the thoroughbred, but
he must also be master of himself and a good judge of
other men. These qualifications call for more than
ordinary intelligence. In the broadest sense a good
jockey must be a great general, with all the masterful
power of brain and hand which that term implies.

Having been a well-known
and justly popular jockey for
something like ten years
Charles A. Ballard has, in
natural qualifications and in
special attainments, quite
met the demands of his ex-
acting profession. He was
born in October, 1874, at
Englewood, N. J., and, un-
like many horsemen whose
careers have been followed
with interest, received a sub-
stantial public school educa-
tion. In respect to learning,
he IS considerably above the
average, and since leaving
school has missed no oppor-
tunity that has presented it-
self for self-improvement.
His turf experiences date
from the time when he was
fourteen years of age. Then
he entered the establishment
of the Messrs. Dwyer Broth-
ers as an exercise boy. He
at once showed that he had
an aptitude for his chosen
work, and being bright and
observant, the stable, that was then under the charge ot
Mr. Frank McCabe, proved to be an excellent school for
him. From the outset intelligence and fidelity to his
important trusts characterized all his work, and these
same qualities have always been the particularly dis-
tinguishing features of his career, and have gone far to-
ward winning for him the substantial reputation that he
has achieved.

Having served the Dwyer Stable well and acquired
whatsoever benefit could be derived therefrom in the
way of mastery of his profession, Ballard's services were
next, for a short time, employed by Mr. Jeter Walden.

CHARLES A. BALLARD

His first important connection, however, was with the
stable of McMahon & Co., those owners having been
attracted to him by a knowledge of his skill and reliabil-
ity. His first mount for this stable was Ariel, at the
Clifton. N. J., Course, in a race in which he came in
third. During the season of 1890, he rode for Mr.
Thomas F. Barrett at the Guttenberg track and also for
the Glen Island Stable. The horses that were in the
stable of Mr. Barrett included some very good performers.
In 1893, Ballard went West and rode some important
races in that section, including several at the Hawthorne
Park Course during the World's Fair. For the latter part
of the season of 1894 and throughout the season of 1895,

his services were secured by
Mr. H. Eugene Leigh. As is
well known, the stable of
Mr. Leigh held some of the
most celebrated runners
known to this decade of the
American turf. Those of
the string ridden by Ballard
included such excellent per-
formers as Ducat, Urania,
Handspun, Chant and Haw-
t h 0 r n e . With the last
named horse he was par-
ticularly successful, out of
thirteen starts winning no
less than nine races. After
he had closed his engage-
ment with Mr. Leigh, he
contracted to ride for Col-
onel James E. Pepper, al-
though, for a time, his
former employer still re-
tained the first call upon his
services when required. In
1896, he attached his for-
tunes, principally, to the
stable of Mr. J. J. McCaf-
ferty.

While Ballard's career has
not been as conspicuously brilliant as that of some other
jockeys, it has been altogether worthy and has been par-
ticularly notable at several points. His ability has been
demonstrated on more than one occasion by his success
with horses that, in other hands, had proved poor or un-
certain performers. One example of this was in Charade,
as it is well known he was the most successful rider
that ever had a "leg up" on that son of Charaxus.
Agreeable in manner, Ballard has a wide personal ac-
quaintance with turfmen, among whom he has always
enjoyed the best reputation, while his skill has commended
him to owners and to the race-going public.

379

THE AMERICAN TURF

Light weight jockeys, it is well recognized by all turf-
men, are in many cases quite unable to give the most
desirable results with heavy headed horses. Animals of
this class possess all the important requisites for high
class racing, but everything depends upon their handling.
Perhaps this is an altogether trite saying, for as a matter
of fact, upon the correct handling of every horse his suc-
cess in a great measure depends. But in some particu-
lar cases, as, for example, those just referred to, this need
is more than ordinarily apparent. A jockey, in order to
get the best out of the animal that he rides, must be fully
adapted to him. It might be more correct to say that he
must be able, in every instance, to adapt himself to his
mount, for that, after all, is the real secret of the matter.
Some jockeys, it is true, seem
to be peculiarly fitted for rid-
ing certain particular kinds of
horses. This is admirable as
far as it goes, but when all
that can be has been said, he
is the best rider who, after
barring certain obvious quali-
fications and limitations,
mostly pertaining to weight,
has the natural talent of adapt-
ing himself to any mount that
comes in his way.

Referring again to the gen-
eral difficulty of light weight
jockeys with heavy headed
horses, Frank O'Leary is a
conspicuous and notable ex-
ception to the somewhat gen-
eral rule. He is one of the
very few of his class who have
again and again demonstrated
their ability to ride, and to ride
well, that particular kind of
thoroughbred. It might, in
fact, be said that he is pos-
sessed of a somewhat remark-
able faculty, perhaps an almost intuitive power, in this
respect. On many occasions he has fully displayed his
power to the great satisfaction of owners and to other
frequenters of the race courses, whose familiarity with
such matters has made them sufficiently astute to recog-
nize his exceptional skill in connection with such
mounts.

Numerous instances might be cited of the work of this
capable jockey, as proof of his skill. Perhaps as notable
a case as can be readily recalled was his really clever rid-
ing of the well-known mare. Sue Kittle, who was owned
by Mr. O. A. Jones and Mr. W. P. Burch, when O'Leary
rode her. Under his riding she ran many successful

/

FRANK O'LEARY

races, defeating some of the best horses now on the turf
In 1895, at St. Asaph, she ran 6^ furlongs in i minute,
2414 seconds, beating The Scalper with Keefe up and
Reform with Doggett up. At Brighton Beach she traveled
a mile in i minute, 42 seconds, beating Doggett with
Doggett up. Corncob with Garrigan up and others. At
Baltimore, the same season, she beat Mabel Glenn, Juan-
ita, Lady McCann and others in mile races easily by three
to ten lengths. In 1896, at Sheepshead Bay, she ran
I Yi miles on the turf in 2 minutes, 37 seconds, piloted by
O'Leary and beating Sir Dixon with Ballard up. Long
Beach with Sims up, Mirage with Sloan up and Jeffer-
son with Lamly up. Upon many other occasions with
worthy competitors, O'Leary brought her in at the head

of the field in remarkably
good time.

Although he was born at
Prescott, Ont., his birth occur-
ring March 18, 1879, O'Leary's
connection with the domain
of horseflesh has been almost
entirely during his residence
in the United States. His
record has been made upon
the tracks and in the employ
of stables located on this side
of the international boundary
line. He came to this country
when he was only thirteen
years of age and at once en-
tered upon his racing career,
passing through the prelim-
inary apprenticeship of exer-
cising, before he attained to
the position of jockey. He
was not slow to demonstrate
the fact that, in addition to
natural qualifications for the
position, he possessed special
faculties, as has just been
noted, for the handling of diffi-
cult horses, and this has had much to do with making his
success as a jockey. He has shown his ability on so many
occasions in sharply contested events, that there is no
question of the high rank that he holds in his pro-
fession.

The first mount that O'Leary had was Blue Garter, a
horse owned by D. Higgins. The race was at the Gut-
tenberg track. From that time on he has been in con-
stant service riding for several owners, latterly for Mr.
Burch and for Messrs. F. R. and T. Hitchcock. He rides
an exceptionally strong finish, and those who have
watched him most closely believe that he has within
himself the making of a notably successful future.

380

THE AMERICAN TUKF

A native of Canada, Henry Spencer, although he has
not yet passed out of his teens, has had a wide experience
and is justly regarded as one of the brightest and most
promising boys that have ever ridden a horse to victory.
He was born in iS8o, and had his first acquaintance
with racing affairs when, in the spring of 1894, he en-
tered the employ of Mr. A. P. Miller, of California. He
was quick to master all the pomts of the business, and
early displayed a natural skill in riding that plainly
pointed to his ultimate success as a jockey. Before the
close of his tlrst year
with Mr. Miller, he
received a mount and
had the opportunity
to show what quali-
ties he possessed. His
success on Favory on
that occasion was
gratifying to himself
and to all who had an
eye upon him as a
coming rider. For
another year he rode
with Mr. Miller, hav-
ing a small number
of mounts, out of
which he secured a
fair proportion of win-
ners. His next en-
gagement was with
Mr. William Dona-
van, for whom he
rode one season, and
continued to have a
success that amply
justified his choice of
vocation.

When the period
of his engagement
with Mr. Donavan
had expired, he felt
sufficient confidence
in himself, and his
services were so gen-
erally in demand by

those who had come to appreciate his talent, that he
determined to ride as a free lance, and was thus oc-
cupied for one season. Speaking of this experience,
he says that he considers he had the best good fortune
of his career, for he rode about three hundred races,
winning some seventy of them. Recently he has signed
to ride for the stable of Messrs. L. S. & W. P. Thomp-
son, under the direction of that past master of racing
and training, Mr. James G. Rowe. He has also, when

his services have not been required by the Thompson
Stable, ridden for Messrs. John Sandford, L. O. Appleby,
J. Rowe & Co., John Daly, J. E. McDonald, W. C. Daly,
W. B. Landsberg, W. B. Sink, Jr., and others. He has of
late been very successful, having, during the early season

of 1898, won a large proportion of the races in which
he rode. One of his noted feats was in winning the
Withers Stakes on The Huguenot, piloting the win-
ner over the Withers mile in i minute, 43 seconds. The
same day he rode the Messrs. Thompson's Reprisal to

victory over the
Eclipse course in 1
minute, 13 seconds.
He also won the
Claremont High
Weight Handicap,6>4
furlongs, on Warren-
ton, in 1 minute, 23
seconds, and a 5 fur-
longs race at Grave-
send, on Formero, in
I minute,2>^ seconds.
Spencer is regarded
as one of the best
riders that have come
out of California in
many years, for al-
though he was born
in Canada, his train-
ing, as has been al-
ready seen, began on
the Pacific Coast and
practically continued
there until his form as
a jockey had been
fully established and
his reputation assured.
The Golden State has
given to the rest of
the country m any
very capable horse-
men, especially train-
ers and jockeys, as
well as owners. The
magnitude of turf op-
erations in that section has naturally developed a class
of capable stable employees, and many of them have
made reputations for themselves that have extended
throughout the country. It speaks well for Spencer that
those who have watched him closest arid are most
familiar with his work, hold that he will not be second
even to the greatest representative American jockeys.
He is a quiet, unassuming boy, and has every prospect
of a brilliant future.

HENRY SPENCER

381

THE AMERICAN TURF

As the domain of the thoroughbred has broadened
and new sections of the United States have, from year to
year, come into the racing field, it is becoming a tasl<^
more and more difiFicult to speak with complete confi-
dence of any particular part of the country as being the
nursery of either runners or riders. Predominance in
these respects naturally remains more or less with those
localities where breeding and racing have long been
fixed as an institution. Nevertheless, as the investigator
into American turf history finds, and is often obliged
gladly to acknowledge, the newer parts of the country
are not altogether devoid of interest and importance in
these matters. Many good horses, many good turfmen,
and many good jockeys have come from out of the West.

Particularly is that true of Ohio, although that State is
not, however, so f;ir from the
early and natural home of the
thoroughbred as to make it
quite fair to regard it as be-
longing to the West when
the particular matter now un-
der consideration is brought
up. The sentiment for the
thoroughbred has extended
over the line from Kentucky
into the more Northern State,
so that the people of Southern
Ohio are scarcely less infused
with a liking for the blood
horse than their neighbors of
the blue grass territory. The
proximity of Lexington
and Louisville, the great
thoroughbred centres, has
had an undoubted influence
upon the people of Ohio, and
the young men and boys in
and around Cincinnati look
upon a racing career quite as
eagerly as though they had

been born further South. Among the Western jockeys,
who are so-called from the place of their origin, but who
are really Southern in the spirit that pertains to racing,
no one has recently attracted more attention than Joseoh
Scherrer. He was born in Cincinnati, August 8, 1876.
After receiving a good common school education, he was
engaged in selling papers on railroad trains. His
brightness attracted the attention of many who came in
contact with him, and Mr. John Hoffman, the well-
known turfman, took a special fancy to him, believing
that he had in him the making of a first-class rider. He
was engaged by Mr. Hoffman for a short time as a stable
boy, but did not long continue to be thus employed,
returning to his home in order to engage in other occupa-

JOSEPH SCHERRER

tions. By this time, however, the passion for racing was
firmly fixed in him, and it was not long before he formed
another racing connection, going to Chicago and enter-
ing the stable of Frank Van Ness, who will be long
remembered as the owner of that sensational horse,
Morello. For some five months the young man remained
with Mr. Van Ness, but in the autumn of 1894 he went
to New Orleans, where he took a position with Mr.
Sidney Berry. Finally, he signed to ride for Mr. F. C.
Fisher, and this engagement, which was a wholly
agreeable one to him, extended over a period of two
years. His career, while riding for Mr. Fisher, was of a
notable character, and stamped him as a jockey of the
first class. Not only in the West and South was he
successful, but his achievements in those sections of

the country were supple-
mented by equally notable
performances in the saddle
upon the various Eastern
courses. He was easily in the
class of the first winning
jockeys of the season, and
his riding was watched with
as keen an interest as was
bestowed upon that of any of
his competitors. No rider
known to the turf in recent
years has been a harder or
more conscientious worker.
It has been nothing for him to
run up the number of his
races during a season to
several hundred, and his wins
have been proportionately
large in number.

Messrs. Bromley & Co.,
having observed Scherrer's
brilliant riding and the great
success that so frequently
crowned his work, made
overtures for his services while he was employed by
Mr. Fisher, and he finally entered into a contract with-
them, beginning with the season of 1897. For the
Bromley Stable he rode some good races, but did not
confine his services to those employers alone. He also
had mounts from the Sensation Stable, the Kensico
Stable, Messrs. J. A. Bennett, Charles Fleischmann,
George E. Smith, G. W. Innes, A. H. & D. H. Morris,
M. F. Dwyer and many others. His work in this, his
first season on the metropolitan tracks, amply fulfilled
the expectations that the knowledge of his Western
performances had aroused in regard to him. He pos-
sesses remarkable finishing power and judgment of a
hio-h order.

382

THE AMERICAN TURF

Few professions are more lucrative than that of the
jockey. A successful jockey of the highest class can
easily earn many thousands of dollars a year, while at
the same time numerous and valuable gratuities are con-
tinually coming to him from appreciative owners and
admirers. For youngsters — and it is a noticeable fact
that by fiir the larger number of jockeys are of youthful
age, or, at the most, comparatively young men — these
annual incomes constitute very comfortable sums. In
ftict, there are many successful business and professional
men who would con-
sider themselves very
well offindeed if they
were able to put that
amount to their credit
every year. It is un-
doubtedly these rich
rewards that pertain
to the profession that
make one of itsstrong-
est allurements. The
young men and boys
who are thus so
handsomely recom-
pensed could scarcely
expect to make as
much in any other
employment, or, o n
the whole, to make it
more agreeably or
more according to
their natural tastes.

It is to the credit of
the profession that
notwithstanding the
rich emoluments that
come to them, most
jockeys do not lose
their heads over their
good fortune, but
take it seriously and
conservatively. There
are exceptions to this
rule, of course, and
any old turfman will
point out to you not a

few examples of knights ot the pigskin to whom pros-
perity has proved a bane. That these are exceptions,
however, only serves to make more plain the excellent
personal character of the young men who sport the
silken jacket. On the whole, they are not carried away
by the glamour of their positions and the brilliancy of
its rewards, but are hard-working, reliable and thrifty.
Most of them, in the course of time, accumulate some-

THOMAS H. MURPHY

thing from their earnings, and are thus able to enjoy a
somewhat independent future after their riding days
have closed.

In this large class of ambitious and promising young
lightweights, Thomas H. Murphy is another, who, by
virtue of his public performances, is abundantly entitled
to consideration. Murphy was born in Chicago, July
29, 1876. When he was about fifteen years old, he
entered the employ of Chinn & Morgan, with whom
he remained during the season of 1892. Before the

season was ended, he
rode a few races,
several of them suc-
cessfully, his first win-
ning mount being on
Erect. The following
season he was en-
gaged as lightweight
jockey for the stable
of Patrick Dunne, and
had excellent success,
riding several hundred
races and winning
about thirty or more
The following year he
was booked to ride for
the Whitten Brothers
for two seasons.
While with that sta-
ble, he rode something
over eight hundred
races, winning more
than one-quarter of
them, several of his
successes being for
important stakes and
handicaps. On Assig-
nee he won the In-
augural Stakes, on
Tartarin the Golden
Rod Stakes, and also
other events on Nick
and similar good
horses. In 1897, Mur-
phy was engaged to
ride for J. W. Schorr
& Son, and during the year he won nearly one-half of the
our hundred races which he attempted. On Meadow-
thorpe particularly he had good success, winning at Cin-
cinnati, on that horse, the Moerlin Stakes in 2 minutes,
I second, and the Moerlin Handicap in i minute, 53
seconds. More recently, he has been engaged to ride
for Turney Brothers, and has made a very favorable im-
pression in the East.

383

THE AMERICAN TURF

Edmund J. Jones, who is equally well known upon
the great race courses of far away California, as well as
upon those of the East, is a newcomer among the Eastern
jockeys. Nevertheless, although he has been in the sad-
dle only a few years, he has already begun to make a
reputation for himself and to show that he is possessed
of the true qualities requisite for success in his chosen
profession. He is a native of the West, having been
born in Iowa, in January, 1878. Like so many other in-
dividuals of whom it
has been the good
fortune of these pages
to treat, he began his
experience with thor-
oughbreds very early
in life. In fact, he had
scarcely attained the
age of fifteen when,
in 1893, he entered
the employ of that
well-known and en-
ergetic turfman,
Frank Van Ness. In
the establishment of
Mr. Van Ness he re-
mained two years and
had the customary ex-
perience of youngsters
who aimed to learn
the business. First
he was set to exercis-
ing but remained thus
engaged for the short
space of three months
only. By that time it
was clear that he had
made no mistake in
his choice of vocation
and when he received
his first mount on
Netwood and won
the race, there was no
longer any question
as to- his future.

He remained with
the Van Ness Stable a little more than a year and a half
after this, his first success, and was as hard working a
jockey as had a seat in the saddle anywhere in the
United States. The races he rode in that time ran up
to the number of several hundred and of these he had a
percentage of winnings that was eminently creditable.
Mr. Adolph Spreckles, the California turfman, saw his
work upon the tracks on the Pacific Coast and was so
pleased with it that he engaged him for his stable and

there he rode for one year. In that time he had some
SCO mounts and won nearly 100 races, among them be-
ing several important stakes and handicaps, in which he
contended with horses and jockeys of the first class.
From the stable of Mr. Spreckles he went to the estab-
lishment of Messrs. Burns & Waterhouse and rode for
those gentlemen for one year. His record for that year
was over 600 races, of which number he was successful
in winning about 140, several of them being of very im-
portant character.

Like all jockeys
who have won their
way to a place of dis-
t i n c t i o n on the
strength of their mer-
its, Jones was not in-
clined to longer attach
himself exclusively to
the fortunes of a
single stable. Accord-
ingly, upon the
termination of his
services with Messrs.
Burns & Waterhouse,
he decided to ride
on his own account
as a free lance. Sev-
eral large owners
were glad to employ
him and he had a
mount some 450
times during the sea-
son. His winning
races ran up to be-
tween sixty and sev-
enty. In the winter
of 1897, while rid-
mg on the Southern
and California courses
he had very good suc-
cess. In particular
on Satsuma, he estab-
lished three records in
California; the mile
record at i minute,
39/'2 seconds; the y?, of a mile in i minute, 27 seconds,
and the %^ of a mile in i minute, 12 seconds.

In the season of 1898, riding for the Sensation
Stable on the Eastern courses, he made an excellent im-
pression. His riding weight is 100 pounds and among
jockeys of his class he has already taken good position.
If he shall maintain the pace that he has marked out
for himself, he is more than likely to be classed as one
of the most capable riders of his day.

EDMUND J. JONES

384

THE AMERICAN TURF

Tlie young men who pilot the gi"e;it thoroughbreds to
victory in these days are as hard-working as they are
clever. Expansion of racing interests and increasing
number of racing meetings, with consequent addition to
the number of races that are run, have resulted in a de-
mand for jockeys such as it is scarcely possible for the
supply fully to meet. In spite of all that may be said, it
is reasonably doubtful if the conditions of the turf that
make it necessary to call upon a jockey to ride three, four
or five times a day and, comparatively speaking, almost
without cessation throughout the entire year, is alto-
gether advantageous, either to the public, the racing
men or to the jockeys themselves. Nevertheless, it is
doubtful if any change would be possible or advisable,
all things considered, so long as the number of
really efficient jockeys is lim-
ited. An enlargement of the
corps of riders and the less
frequent appearance of indi-
■ viduals might, after all, be less
agreeably received by the pub-
lic, since the popularity of a
jockey is now one of the most
engaging elements of the
sport.

He who rides a great num-
ber of races is always in the
public eye and his ability is
clearly demonstrated beyond
the possibility of cavil. In a
matter which is always so
open to inspection as riding
must necessarily be, the pub-
lic cannot long be deceived.
The jockey of inferior calibre
is soon relegated to secondary
position and it is only those
whose merit is of the highest
quality that are in demand by
owners and the public. The
test of the ability of a jockey

is not only in his occasional successful riding, or his
brilliant finish now and then, but it must also be meas-
ured by the number of mounts with which the owners
are inclined to favor him and in which the public is eager
to welcome him. While a great jockey may be able, if
he so wishes, to limit himself to some extent in the
number of mounts that he takes during the season, it is,
on the other hand, indisputable that the inferior jockey
can, under no circumstance, aspire to a large number of
mounts. The jockey who rides in a great number of
races must be one of good calibre.

Measured by this standard, William S. O'Connor,
although one of the youngest members of his profession,

WILLIAM S. O'CONNOR

has already won a position in the foremost ranks. He
is a native of Brooklyn, where he was born in 1881. He
is another one of that large company of "Father Bill"
Daly's youngsters, and his entire racing career has been
under the direction of Mr. Daly and his brother, Mr.
Michael Daly. The young man began his experience in
the employ of Mr. Michael Daly in the spring of 1892.
There he was set to exercising horses, and continued in
that work for more than three years. Naturally he was
anxious to advance, but not having much opportunity
to ride in races, even after he knew he was capable, he
succeeded in being transferred to Mr. William C. Daly's
stable and started in to ride at once. His first mount
was on Mr. Daly's Emotional and he finished third. His
first winning race was also on Emotional. During the

three months that he rode in
the season of 1896, he had
something more than 200
mounts, out of which num-
ber he was 15 or 20 times
successful. The next year,
1897, saw considerable im-
provement in him. He was
put up in about 350 races
and out of that number won
about 45 or more.

During the season of 1898,
his work showed a still further
improvement, his percentage
of winning mounts being
far above the average.
His stamina has been
fully displayed on more than
one occasion, especially, per-
haps, at the fall meeting at
the Aqueduct Course in 1897,
when, in one day, he won
three races, each of them by
a head, and all of them
long shots. The steady
growth in form and power
that he has shown while actively engaged in riding
during the last three years, shows that he is one of the
coming lightweights, and unless all appearances are de-
ceptive, there is a star career before him. His riding
weight is 79 pounds, and there are no present indi-
cations of that terror of all lightweight jockeys, in-
creasing flesh. He is still engaged with Mr. Daly, to
whom he has been apprenticed, while Messrs. Burns &
Waterhouse have second call upon his services. As
both Messrs. Daly and Burns & Watehouse have large
stables, a very busy career seems to be certainly marked
out for him. That he will be fully equal to his oppor-
tunities there should be little doubt.

385

THE AMERICAN TURE

That Lexington, Ky., should certiiinly produce a pro-
portionately larger number of distinguished horsemen
than any other place in the United States, has long ago
been a foregone conslusion. So often has reference to
that interesting fact been made in the pages of this
volume that further comment upon it has naturally be-
come superfluous. The matter is, however, more or
less interesting to recall whenever the career of one of
these Kentuckians, be he breeder, owner, trainer, jocl^ey
or otherwise identified with racing, is brought promi-
nently to attention.
In the case of James
Perkins, the well
known and success-
ful jockey, another
example of the result
of thoroughbred en-
vironment conspicu-
ously presents itself.

Being a native of
Lexington, that home
of racing and thor-
oughbreds, Perkins na-
turally absorbed from
infancy that knowl-
edge of horses which
is part of the child-
hood training of every
Kentucky youngster.
As far back as he can
remember, he was
thrown more or less
into association with
thoroughbreds, and
as soon as he was
able to maintain a seat
upon a horse, his in-
itiation into the mys-
teries of riding had
their beginning. Be-
ing a promising lad
and displaying a great
deal of nerve and
good judgment, es-
pecially of pace, he
was looked upon with abundant favor by the turfmen
under whose inspection he came and who were always
on the outlook for new and promising youngsters.

His first actual engagement was with Peter Wimmer
and his first mount was on Ordrain, with whom he
finished second in the race, a feat that more than evei
convinced those who had put faith in him that he had
all the elements of a good future before him. His first
winning mount was on the mare Caroline Kinney. The

JAMES PERKINS

more that was seen of his work in the early days of his
career, the more his exhibition of skill attracted the no-
tice of prominent owners, and after a short time he was
engaged by the Messrs. Scroggan Brothers to ride their
horses. He did not remain long connected with this
stable, and when his contract had expired he engaged
as a free lance, being employed to ride by such well-
known and exacting owners as Captain S. S. Brown, the
Messrs. Fleischmann and others of similar standing.
Mr. Byron McClelland sought his services next, be-
lieving that he would
be a very valuable ad-
junct to his racing
stable. At that time
Mr. McClelland was
the owner cf the re-
nowned Henry of Na-
varre and other thor-
oughbreds who were
almost in the same
class. He made a con-
tract with Perkins,
and the arrangement
was one that was mu-
tually advantageous.
The great horses that
Mr. McClelland raced
gave Perkins the best
opportunity that he
had thus far had, and
he showed himself
fully equal to the sit-
uation, winning many
desirable stakes for
his employer. After
leaving the McClel-
land Stable, he rode
for several other
prominent owners,
but finally made a
contract with Messrs.
Graves & Co. His
appearance at Morris
Park, in the spring of
1897, when he tied
the 4>2 furlongs record, on George Keene, attracted re-
newed attention to him. "Soup," as he is known, is
considered one of the best middle weight jockeys
now in the saddle. He is clever and painstaking, and
especially smart in finishing. His services have always
been greatly in demand and his mounts have been from
among the great turf champions of this period. His
winning races have included many of the most notable
events of modern times,

386

THE AMERICAN TURF

Precocity in tiie young men who, in silken jacket and
cap, pilot the great thoroughbreds past the judges' stand,
amid the applause of onlooking thousands, has come to
be well nigh proverbial. It is interesting to consider
that in no other profession are boys able to attain to such
prominence and to win such valuable returns in fame
and money, even before they are out of what should be
their school days. All this shows not only the remark-
able opportunity offered by the racing field, but it also
indicates the existence of a class of youngsters who,
even before they have
come to maturity, are
in possession of quali-
ties of physique and
of intellect which
might well be the
envy of many of
their elders.

Jockeyship is an ex-
acting profession and
calls for more than
the mere ordinary
ability to keep a seat
in the saddle. The
courage, the vitality,
the quickness of per-
ception, and the rare
good judgment of
pace and of other de-
tails, are proof of
something more than
ordinary ability in the
persons of those in-
dividuals who are
thus possessed of
them. An explana-
tion of this phenome-
non would be inter-
esting to seek, but
must be left to other
students. Neverthe-
less, one cannot re-
frain from constant
admiration at the ster-
ling ability displayed
by these lads, even before they are really well into their
teens. One of these successful young men is John H.
Jackson, who was born in Lexington, Ky., in 1879, and
who began his racing experience in 1894, being em-
ployed in the stable of Lee Christy. Although he
remained in the establishment of that horseman for a
year, he was kept at exercising only about six months,
so quickly did he display his skill for riding. Some
good mounts were offered to him at once, and during

JOHN H. JACKSON

the remaining six months that he remained with Mr.
Christy he rode about seventy-five races, winning eighteen
of them. His first winning mount was on Martin, and
afterward he won on Manchester, Howard Mann and
others of the same class. His work in his first season
was of good quality, and marked him as a boy of more
than ordinary skill. His winnings were generally the
result of intelligent hard work, and he soon came into
the class of those jockeys who have a special following
of race track frequenters. Signing a contract in 189510

ride for Samuel C.
Wagner, he had bet-
ter success during
that year than ever
before. The races
that he rode n u m-
bered about 150, and
of these he pulled off
about forty. The
horses that he rode
included Umbrella,
Alice W. and others.
In 1896, he signed to
ride for J. R. Bradley,
and had fair success
with the representa-
tives of that turf-
man's stable, riding
such horses as Buck-
e y e and numerous
other good ones.
More recently, Jack-
son has ridden for
Mr. J. A. Bennett,
who has retained first
call on his services.
In 1897, he rode about
140 races, of which
he carried off about
thirty, making a very
good record. He has
developed strongly
since he first began to
ride, and has shown
that he is possessed
of some very good qualifications that give promise for
his future. He is a firm, strong rider, and is capable of
keeping his place in good company. Turfmen are
watching him closely to see to what measure of success
he may ultimately attain.

It will not escape notice that many aspirants for jockey
honors never succeed in securing a firm hold. It is, there-
fore, agreeable when a lad like Jackson comes forward in
whom there seems to be a substantial basis for success,

387

THE AMERICAN TURF

Jockeys are born, not made. As we have so frequently
seen, most of the men and boys in the saddle have risen
from the ranks of stable boys and have had few oppor-
tunities, either for general education or for special in-
struction in their profession save such as they have been
able to pick up in the stable. That this has been the
best possible school in developing great riders, the prac-
tical experience of years has demonstrated beyond the
possibility of question. There have been theorists who
have long and persistently maintained the proposition
that young men of edu-
cation would more than
hold their own as jock-
eys, if they entered into
the business with the
same zest as is displayed
by the lad who is em-
ployed in a great stable
as an exercise boy and
who knows that he has
his future in his own
hands.

As a matter of fact, how-
ever, this proposition
has never been seriously
put to test. Nothing has
yet been found superior
to the experience gained
in knocking around the
stable and the youngster
who should attempt to
come to the saddle with-
out this experience and
relying altogether on
his general knowledge
and education, would find
himself at a great dis-
advantage when brought
into competition with
rivals who have run
after horses almost
from the time that they
were able to walk. Oc-
casionally there is an ex

ception to this rule, but the exceptions have never
been numerous nor important enough to call for anything
more than momentary attention, It is not likely that this
condition of things will soon, if ever, change. The suc-
cessful jockey will probably long continue to be the
natural outgrowth of the stable and of practical, rough
everyday experience with horses. Some years ago, it
is true, the theorists went so far as to propose that a
school for the instruction of jockeys should be established
in New York City. Nothing ever came ot this plan,

JAMES T. R. JOHNSTON

however, and probably less than nothing would have re-
sulted from it, had it been possible to put it into practical
working.

James T. R. Johnston is a type of the young irishman
who has grown up with horses almost from the time
that he was an infant, and whatsoever success he has at-
tained has been based upon his boyhood experience. He
was born in the County Tyrone, November 12, 1878.
His father was a well-known horseman, and the boy
when he was ten years of age began exercising the

horses in his father's
stable. The same year
he rode his first race on
Fairy Queen and con-
tinued riding thereafter.
Although so young that
it seemed as though he
could scarcely keep his
place in the saddle, he
displayed exceptional
proficiency and had ex-
cellent success with all
his father's horses that
he undertook to pilot.
On the turf of Ireland he
was considered one of
the best lightweights.
His ability was strikingly
displayed by the fact that
he was successful in win-
ning with his first three
mounts.

Johnston's riding was
not confined to the stable
of his father, but he was
engaged by many other
owners in Ireland and in
England, among them
being Messrs. Henry
Hamilton, O'Neil and P.
Kane, Dr. Leitch and
others. In 1893, he be-
gan to ride jumpers and
has been quite as suc-
cessful in this class of racing as he had been previously
on the flat. In 1896, he rode the champion high jumpers
of England and Ireland. His advent in the United States
has been very recent, but since he came to this country
he has had success quite commensurate with the reputa-
tion that he enjoyed abroad. He has been especially en-
gaged to ride for Messrs. E. & A. Craven, who have a stable
ofhalf a dozen good horses. His riding weight is 130
pounds, and the public may look forward with pleasurea-
ble anticipation to seeing him in many interesting contests.

388

THE AMERICAN TURF

It is only justice to Harry Martin, tiie popular light-
weight, to say that the position which he holds to-day
has been won by thoroughly good work in the saddle,
a decided aptitude for his profession and a correct ap-
preciation of the duties devolving upon him. Born at
Titusville, Pa., January 25, 1875, " Skeets " Martin, as
he is popularly known, received his education in the
public schools of his native place, and then, at the age
of fifteen, started out to make his own way in the world.
Eventually, he landed in California, and it was there that
he had his first experience with horses in the stable of
Mr. Appleby, who em-
ployed him to exercise.
After a year passed in this
occupation, he entered
the establishment of Mr.
D. Smith in a similar capac-
ity.

Already, however, young
though he was, he had
been considered reliable
enough to be entrusted oc-
casionally with a mount
for the Appleby Stable. In
this capacity he rode in
three races, his first mount
being on a mare named
Emma D. It was not,
however, until he became
fully associated with the
stable of Mr. Smith that he
had a real chance to dis-
play his mettle and dem-
onstrate his aptitude for
the professional career that
he had marked out for
himself. Mr. Smith early
recognized his latent abil-
ity, and gave him the op-
portunity that was really
the making of him. His
first winning mount was
on Last Chance, and from
that time on his skill was
duly recognized, and he
became a figure of much interest in the racing world.

In the course of time, it was inevitable that his per-
formances upon the tracks in California, that so clearly
demonstrated his skill as rider, should attract the atten-
tion of prominent Eastern horsemen who now so often
make a winter pilgrimage to that section of the country
a part of their yearly itinerary. Among those who
watched the boy most critically was Mr. David Gideon,
who was so impressed with his merit that he gave him

HARRY MARTIN.

an engagement. He then came East, and made his ap-
pearance on the leading New York courses.

Upon the Eastern tracks heat once displayed the same
skill and reliability that in earlier years in California had
won him fame and promotion. His winning mounts
have been large in number and important in character.
Among the stakes that he has won was the Shreve Cup,
which he took on Lucky Dog, while he was the hero in
several important and exciting races on Damien and St.
Lee, including two handicaps on the last-named horse.
His riding weight is 100 pounds, and this gives him a de-
cided advantage that has
stood him in good stead on
many important occasions.
At the same time, he has
combined with this and
other natural and valuable
qualifications perfect cool-
ness, even when in the
most trying situations, and
exceptional good judgment
as to pace and the position
of his mount.

Wherever he has ap-
peared, he has made a
most favorable impression,
both with owners and with
followers of the racetracks
generally. Throughout his
entire career he has con-
ducted himself with pru-
dence and in a manner that
has been admirably calcu-
lated to win and retain the
confidence of his many ad-
mirers. Of late he has
again been more identified
with the West than with
the East, and has secured a
large personal following.
The magnitude and im-
portance of his work can
be best understood, per-
haps, by the simple state-
ment of his engagements
during the year 1897, fof" example. In that season alone
he had 1,257 mounts. His winning races were 269. He
was second 242 times, third 181 times, and unplaced 56s
times. This would be a creditable record for an old and
matured jockey with a lifetime of experience behind
him. For a comparatively young man, who in all prob-
ability has a long future to look forward to, it stamps him
as a high class member of his profession and fixes his
position beyond question.

389

THE AMERICAN TURF

There is no nationality in jockeydom and no sectional-
ism. Our English cousins naturally claim pre-eminence
in this respect, as they do in regard to all other mat-
ters of the turf, but again and again even they have
been met upon their own grounds and their colors
lowered by experienced riders who were not to the Eng-
lish manner born. In the United States the record of
jockeys, as respects
place of birth and
early training, have
been altogether var-
ied. It might natu-
rally be thought that
the South, where
thoroughbred inter-
ests have been of such
overwhelming impor-
tance for generations,
would furnish the
most proficient jock-
eys and by far the
larger number. In-
vestigation shows,
however, that this
supposition scarcely
holds true. The
American turf has had
many celebrated rid-
ers, who, in the
splendor of their ac-
complishments, have
rivaled even the best
English jockeys, and
they have come to
their fame from all
parts of the country.
The South has fur-
nished many of them,
others have come
from the far West and
even New England
has contributed a
few, while New York
has been specially
noted in this respect.

Henry P. Griffin is
one of the New York

jockeys of distinction. He was born in New York,
December 13, 1876, and, when he was about 15 years
of age, was taken in charge by Mr. James Shields and
initiated into the mysteries of racing. Of course he
began as an exercise boy, but his restriction to this
work lasted a short time, for he was soon promoted
to the saddle and made an almost instantaneous hit.

HENRY F. GRIFFIN

Few riders ever enjoyed greater popularity than he
when he was at the height of his career, a popularity that
was in every way merited.

The first horse that he rode was Alaric, who belonged
to Mr. Shields and was raced at Gloucester. During the
time that he was riding for Mr. Shields and other owners,
his ability was recognized by Mr. David Gideon,

who secured his serv-
ices, and in that sta-
ble he had opportun-
ity befitting his talents,
and soon demon-
strated that he was
among the best in the
country. Not only
did he pilot winners
for Mr. Gideon, but he
also rode for the
Messrs. Keene, Dwyer
Brothers, P. Lorillard,
Gideon L. Knapp, E.
j. Baldwin, Edward
Corrigan and others.
When Mr. August
Belmont, Jr., had as-
assembled his grand
collection of thor-
oughbreds, he e n-
gaged Griffin as pre-
mierjockey. That this
engagement was a
wise one for the Bel-
mont Stable no one
familiar with the turf
history of recent years
can for a moment
doubt. Griffin's suc-
cess with the Belmont
horses, until the time
of his retirement in
1896, was of a nota-
b 1 e character. For
Mr. Belmont and
others he rode such
great champions a s
Lady Violet, Henry of
Navarre, Ramapo,The
Butterflies, Requital, Clifford, Handspring, Hastings, and
many others. Financial prosperity naturally followed
Griffin and the full reward of his ability came to him.
Although too heavy longer to ride, he still maintains a
deep interest in turf matters, and in the future he may be
still further identified conspicuously in the sport in which
he has borne such an important and brilliant part.

390

THE AMERICAN TURF

horses he has
5 has been of very great

Although Jimmy Michael lias attained to greater fame
as a bicyclist, there seems to be no good reason why he
should not also achieve success in the saddle. The
same qualities of stamina, courage and acuteness that
have enabled him to win on the wheel, are those which
are the essential qualifications for successful jockeyship.
During his experience in
found that his bicycle trainin
benefit to him. One of the most important things for a
jockey is to know how
to pace the animal
that he is riding. It
is the same thing with
the bicyclist, and Mi-
chael, who has shown
himself so clever in
respect to the latter,
says that he does not
find any difference be-
tween the two and is
sure that he can tell
just exactly how fast
he is going when on a
horse as he can when
riding a wheel.

Born in Aberman,
Wales, in November,
1876, this clever
young man already
has an international
reputation. He is one
of the champion bi-
cycle racers of the
world, having met
and defeated the best
men in that branch of
sport in Europe and
the United States.
He has always had an
ambition to become a
jockey, and when a
boy in his native
Wales was accus-
tomed to riding on
horseback, even be-
fore he had made the

acquamtance of a bicycle. Although for a time the
pursuit that has brought him fame has most engrossed
his attention, it has never alienated him from his early
liking for horses, and in coming again to the saddle pro-
fessionally, he will but return to that pursuit that seemed
first to attract him.

It has been remarked of him that he takes kindly to
the new pursuit and has been exceedingly quick in

JIMMY MICHAEL

learning how to ride and in acquiring a knowledge of
all the details of successful jockeyship. As yet, he has
not actually retired from the field of bicycling, a circum-
stance that is undoubtedly pleasing to his many admir-
ers, who have followed his career with something more
than ordinary interest. He does not think that bicvcling
is likely to interfere seriously with his riding or con-
versely. The same system of training and adherence to
good habits that are found necessary to keep him in con-
dition for bicycle rac-
ing are also the impor-
tant elements in the
life of the hard work-
ing jockey. He cer-
tainly has this advan-
tage, that his occupa-
tion heretofore has
been of a character to
peculiarly fit him for
the pursuit in which
he contemplates en-
tering. The bicycle
engagements that he
has will take him from
the race course dur-
ing the season of 1898,
but will, on the
whole, he expects,
tend to improve his
condition for riding,
rather than to inter-
fere with it. It is like-
ly, moreover, as time
goes on and he finds
his interests more
and more absorbed by
the turf, he may be
heard less and less fre-
quently in that sport
with which he has
heretofore been prin-
cipally identified.

Michael is a light-
weight, w e i g h i n g
even when not in
training, only 108
pounds. With that natural weight there would seem
to be no reason why he should not be able to reduce to
98 pounds, thus putting himself in a class of the most
useful lightweights. The exercising and practicing
that he has followed up in the Dwyer Stable, under that
excellent trainer, Mr. Frank McCabe, have given abun-
dant promise of his future. His career will be watched
with great interest.

391

THE AMERICAN TURF

It has probably not escaped the notice of those who
have given careful consideration to the subject, that the
far-away Southwest has taken no inconsiderable part in
racing affairs in the present generation. That the sport,
as it is conducted in other parts of the country should
assume very conspicuous prominence in that section is,
to be sure, scarcely to be expected. The racing institu-
tion is an object of comparatively slow growth. In the
North and in the South, where it has been most fully
developed, it has had more than a century of existence,
without which there is no sufficient reason to believe
that it could ever have succeeded in attaining to its ptes-
ent proportions. Long years are necessary for its fullest
development and also for the creation of an interested
community that shall give to it the generous financial
suppor necessary to its stability.

In the newer sections of the country which have been
settled only a short time, as compared with the older
States, the conditions precedent to the full and success-
ful instalment of this sport must necessarily be largely
absent. Even as it was in the old colonial days of the
Atlantic seaboard, and later on in the Mississippi Valley,
the settlers of our great Southwest have been engrossed
with the mighty task of subduing nature and of building
up a great material prosperity. They have come forward
with marvelous strides, and in everything that goes to
make up enterprise and successful business have long
rivaled even the older parts of the United States. That
they have not, as yet, given that attention to the particu-
lar sport of racing, is, under the circumstances, perhaps,
not altogether surprising. Furthermore, that section of
the country, quite as much as New England and the
Northwest, is wholly lacking in the inspiring traditions
that pertain to the thoroughbred and his performances
and that have been for several generations the whole-
some and powerful stimulus in developing racing inter-
ests in other parts, where, as we have seen, they have
become firmly fixed in the hearts of the people.

At the same time, however, the people of the South-
west have shown to some extent that they are by no
means devoid of that passion for racing that characterizes
their fellow-countrymen elsewhere. They have given
considerable attention to the trotter, and the perform-
ances on their trotting tracks have been often of a notable
character. The running horse also has had his followers
among them, and while there have been almost no large
and important courses there, the small racing meetings
have been very considerable in number. Especially is
this true of Missouri, Kansas and Texas. In many years
in Missouri, for instance, there have been a dozen or
more racing meetings during the season, those at St.
Louis and Kansas City being the most important, and
really of national character. Such places as St. Charles,
St. Joseph and others of lesser note must also be included

among those which have given favor to meetings for the
thoroughbreds. In Kansas there have been frequent
meetings in such places as Atchison, Wichita, Leaven-
worth and elsewhere. Texas, too, has come into the
ranks of racing States, the meetings at Houston, Dallas,
Victoria, Denton, and other centres of population having
attained to a character that entitles them to more than
passing notice.

From this section of the country also have come a few
of the leading American turfmen of this period, and their
names are known and respected wherever the thorough-
bred is followed. Texas, in particular, has raised some
good horsemen. The horse interests of that State, thor-
oughbred and otherwise, have developed strong riders
and trainers, men who have been familiar with horses
from their earliest youth, and who have a complete and
accurate understanding of the equine nature. Some of
them have been the outgrowth of cowboy experience,
and it is interesting to note in passing that, among cow-
boys of the Southwest, the old-fashioned quarter racing
that was so much practiced in the colonies, a century or
more ago, has continued much in vogue even in the
present time. It is not from this class of horsemen,
however, that the turfmen whom the country has learned
to know so well have been drawn. They are those who
have been associated from the very first with the thor-
oughbred and whose later career has been but an advance
along the same lines as those upon which they started.

Among these of the Southwest who hold excellent
rank among modern turfmen stands that successful
jockey, Henry Shields, who was born in Dallas, Tex.,
December 2, 1875. He began his racing experience in
1889 as an exercise boy for Mr. James M. Brown. In
the course of time he was promoted to the saddle, and
rode for Mr. Brown for several years. The first horse
on which he won was Giveaway. After the death of
Mr. Brown, his son, Mr. J. E. Brown, continued racing
the stable of his father, and with him Shields remained
two years, his term of service with the Brown Stable
covering, altogether, four years. After that he rode
independently for two years, his services being engaged
by several owners, and for them he rode winning races.
During his long career he has ridden upon all the great
courses of the country, including those around New
York, as well as those in Louisville, New Orleans, Mem-
phis, Nashville, Cincinnati, St. Louis and Chicago, as
well as in California and in Canada.

More recently Shields was engaged to ride for Mr. W.

B. Sink, whose horses were in the care of Mr. Samuel

C. Hildreth. In 1896, he won the Gunst Selling Stakes
of the California Jockey Club, riding Service. On the
same horse and other members of Mr. Sink's stable,
and also for other owners. Shields has been success-
ful, and many good races have been placed to his credit.

392

THE AMERICAN TURF

Samueljesse Doggett was born November 29, 1871,
near Falmouth, 111. At the age of fifteen he had a mount

Born in Auburn, N. Y., May 28, 1876, William Hani
began his racing experience in 1889, when he was a lad
of only thirteen years of age. For several years he was
apprenticed to William Rogers. His first win was on
the horse Oberlin in a handicap on the Gloucester, N.J.,
course, and for several years he was principally identi-
fied with that track. He won an extraordinary num-
ber of races there, and was very successful financially.
Dnring his reign at Gloucester, he was really the premier
jockey. In 1893, for example, he won 2^6 races, and
was only unplaced 37 times.

Nor was his success limited to Gloucester. At St.
Louis, he won 37 races in 30 days; at St. Paul, he won
47 races; at Latonia, 21 races; at New Orleans, 47 races;
at Newport, Ky., 11 races; at Windsor, Canada, 9 races,
and at Joliet, Ind., 19 races. At Milwaukee, he rode
three races, winning two of them. A severe accident
laid him up for some time, but later in the season he
rode 21 races and only finished twice outside the
money. For the season of 1897, he signed with Mr.
Marcus Daly. His hard work has brought him a com-
fortable competence, and he has a pleasant home in
Auburn, N. Y. He has been an enterprising, energetic

SAMUEL J. DOQQETT

at a county fair, and has virtually been riding ever since.
His first professional engagement was with Mr. J. P.
Smallwood. Going next to the stable of Mr. David
Waldo, of Chicago, he was afterward connected with
Mr. Frank A. Ehret, Dr. Gideon L. Knapp, and Mr.
Francis D. Beard. He has also ridden for other owners,
having had mounts from many prominent stables, while
the horses he has successfully piloted compose a host of
the famous cracks. This list might be supplemented by
an equally striking selection from the stakes and events
he has won.

As an owner, Doggett has also figured successfully,
his plan being to purchase yearlings, train them and sell
them to other turfmen. Among the number that have
in this way passed through his hands are Montpelier,
The Bully, Doggett and others. Throughout his career,
Doggett has been noted for his temperance, attention to
business and frugality. As a reward, he has an ideal
home, one of the most beautiful places at Gravesend,
Brooklyn. Here, in addition to a fine house, surrounded
by shaded, well-kept lawns, is a broad expanse of
pasture expressly adapted to keeping horses. He en-
joys every comfort that life affords, in company with a
helpmate whose devotion has aided greatly in building
his reputation and fortune. In all his professional and
personal relations, his sterling integrity has made him
one of the highly esteemed men of the turr.

WILLIAM HAM

worker, and during his career has been a conspicuous
figure in many exciting contests.

393

THE AMERICAN TURF

Alonzo Clayton was born in Kansas City, Mo., in 1876,
and lil<e many boys, had a fondness for riding horses.

ALONZO CLAYTON

His ambition to become a jockey soon asserted itself,
and he prevailed upon his parents to permit him to go
with Mr. E. J. Baldwin. He remained with the Bald-
win Stable one year, when he came East and engaged
with Mr. D. A. Honig, who at that time had a string at
Clifton, N. J. It was at this track that he had his first
mount, riding Redstone. For two years afterward he
continued with Mr. Honig and then Mr. Donovan, of
Elizabeth, engaged him. Clayton continued in his em-
ploy until he secured a position with Mr. Ross, of Sara-
toga, with whom he remained one season, after which
he was engaged with Richmond Smith, the Bashford
Manor Stable and the Pastime Stable.

Subsequent to this, however, Clayton rode some of the
famous horses owned by Mr. Byron McClelland, among
them being The Commoner and Halma and that star per-
former Henry of Navarre. When Mr. James G. Rowe
was engaged to train Col. W. P. Thompson's horses,
he entered into negotiations with Clayton to ride for the.
Brookdale string. There is a record of many stakes
where his name as the winning jockey appears, among
which are the Brooklyn Handicap in 1894, the Futurity
in 1894, the Cotton Stakes at Memphis, in 1895, and
the Saratoga Stakes in 1895. His brilliant win on Tillo
in the Suburban of 1898, is fresh in the mind of the turt
world. Clayton will, no doubt, add many laurels to
his credit before he ceases to be active.

In looking over the history of the turf for any great
number of years one cannot fail to be impressed with the
fact that, more than any other class of individuals con-
nected with racing, the jockeys have only a short day.
The exactions of their work have a tendency to wear
them out, but that is not the principal thing that lies in
the way of their permanency in the saddle. No matter
how small a boy may be, or how promising in the way
of limited growth or meagre flesh, the time is very likely
soon to come when he has passed beyond the limit of
usefulness in size and weight. Few of them can avoid
growing, however much they may wish to attain that
much desired consummation. Consequently the men of
years who are still in the saddle are comparatively few in
number.

One of the oldest jockeys now in active work and as
capable as any in his class is Robert Williams, who is
better known perhaps, by his favorite nickname, "Tiny."
He was born in Chillicothe, O., December 10, 1868. His
racing experiences began in 1879. with the Messrs. Mace
Brothers and later he was engaged with other prominent
owners of that time. He had his first mount in 1883,
and his first winning race was on Lillie Dale at New
Orleans. Among the owners who have employed him
have been Messrs. W. L. Scott, E. S. Gardner, Scroggan
Brothers, E. J. Baldwin and Turney Brothers. More
recently Mr. J. E. Seagram, the great Canadian turfman.

ROBERT WILLIAMS

has had the first call upon him. He is a good, service-
able rider, hard-working and reliable.

3 94

THE AMERICAN TURF

Few men known to the tarf have had more rapid
progress or higher or more marked reputation at the age
of twenty-nine than Anthony Hamilton. He was born
in Columbus, S. C, in 1866. He is a jockey to the
manner born, having from his young days been familiar
with the saddle. His apprenticeship began in the stable
of Mr. William Lakeland, for whom he rode until 1886.
His next engagement was with Mr. J. B. Haggin, with
whom he remained until 1S88. Important assignments
followed this one, including services with Senator George
Hearst, the senior August Belmont and Messrs. M. F.
Dwyer, Pierre Lorillard, J. R. Keene and August Bel-
mont, Jr., and he has also ridden independently.

It is a high compliment to pay to a man to say that
he has ridden a winner in every important event on the
American turf, but that assertion may correctly be ap-
plied to Hamilton. All patrons of the great races remem-
ber his exciting victories, and the events in which he
participated have been enriched by exhibitions of his
riding, such, for example, as the Brooklyn Handicap,
which he won with Exile, in 1889, and in 1895 with
Hornpipe; the Suburban, with Lazzarone, in 1895, and
the Metropolitan, with Counter Tenor, in 1896. During
his career of twelve years he has accomplished a greater

Love of horses is the prime element in the success ot
every jockey, and James Irving, who has been connected

ANTHONY HAMILTON

amount of work than many men have succeeded in
getting through with in a long lifetime.

JAMES IRVING

with some of the best American stables, manifested this
disposition from his earliest boyhood. He was born in
New York City, in 1873, and his first definite connec-
tion with thoroughbreds was in the stable of Mr. J. B.
Haggin, under that great trainer, Matthew Byrnes.
From the stable of Mr. Haggin he went to that of Mr.
G. Walbaum, continuing as exercise boy altogether for
two years. But during this time he received his first
mount, and also recorded his first winning, which was
on Pat Donovan. Mr. David Waldo, of Chicago, next
engaged his services, and he remained there for two
years, to his own advantages and that of his employer.
Among the winning mounts that he had from the Waldo
Stable were Carlsbad, Ida Pickwick and others.

An engagement with the Chicago Stables of Messrs.
Hankin & Johnstone followed, and during the three
years that he maintained this connection he had special
good fortune, winning an unusually large number of
stakes and handicaps, among them being the Columbus
Handicap, the Detroit Derby and the Blue Grass and the
Ladies' Stakes. Latterly he has been engaged with
Thomas J. Healey. He is looked upon as one of the
coming jockeys, and his career will be followed with
interest by his admirers.

395

THE AMERICAN TURF

Albert Songer is one of the many capable young men
who have come from Canada to win distinction in con-
nection with the turf. He was born in Toronto, October
4, 1880. Entering the stable of Mr. J. Doyne in the
spring of 1894, when he was only a little over thirteen
years of age, he got his first taste of the business to
which he has since devoted himself. He remained with
Mr. Doyne for one year, being employed in exercising,
and when he gave up that position it was to enter the
employ of Mr. R. Burger, where he continued for two
years. He was not long confined to the less important
work in the Burger Stable, for he commenced to ride
very soon, and with good success.

In the fu'st two years of his riding he had several hun-
dred mounts, and won a reasonably fair proportion of
the races in which he was engaged. He has piloted to
victory many prominent horses and has been the central
figure in numerous exciting finishes. Most of his career
has been through the West and in Canada, but his ap-
pearance upon the Eastern courses in the fall of 1897 was
of very satisfactory character, although he was so un-
fortunate as to meet with a fall at the Aqueduct Meeting
which temporarily incapacitated him for work. Recently
he has been engaged to ride for the stable of Mr. James
Galway, a circumstance that is the strongest testimony
to the reputation that he has achieved as a capable light-
weight. Songer rides at 9s pounds, and it is believed that,

One of the jockeys who has come decidedly to the
front in the past few seasons is Joseph S. Hewitt. In

ALBERT SONQER

barring accident, he has a long and useful career before
him. His services will probably be much in demand.

JOSEPH S. HEWITT

fact, his record has already established his right to a
place among the most prominent members of his profes-
sion, and possessing, as he does, the natural qualifica-
tions, including coolness, skill, good judgment and light
weight, together with the confidence of some of the
most prominent owners on the turf, there is every reason
to expect that his career will be successful and prosper-
ous. He comes by his qualifications as a matter of in-
heritance. He was born at Westbury, Long Island,
where his father was superintendent of the famous
Meadowbrook Hunt Club. He attended school regularly,
but at the same time was constantly among horses and
imbibed horse lore and an enthusiasm for thoroughbreds.
He was carefully instructed by his father, a respected and
experienced horseman, so that his finished style is the
outcome of no ordinary training.

In 1893, he entered upon real work by engaging with
Mr. August Belmont to exercise horses, and profited by
his experience with the crack material composing the
famous Blemton Stable. In 1895, he had his first mount
in public, riding Right Royal at the Sheepshead Bay
Course. Although he has been largely in Mr. Belmont's
service, he has ridden successfully for many owners and
made a trip to California with Harry Griffin, and while
there rode for Messrs. Burns & Waterhouse. Among
the noted horses he has piloted are Tragedian, Merry
Prince, FlorettalV., Howard Mann, Patrol and Octagon.

396

THE AMERICAN TURF

Lightweight jockeys who combine with this advantage
not only si<ill and judgment, but the necessary amount

THOMAS POWERS

of physical force, are sought for in the racing world
much more frequently than they are found. Thomas
Powers is one of the few now in the saddle who can
be classed in this category. Riding at about ninety-five
pounds, he has given evidence of some superior ability
in his profession. Powers began his turf career with
George Newton, for whom he exercised, and it was
while employed by Mr. Newton and on that owner's
horses that he made his initial appearance as a rider on
the track. After a year and a half's experience he en-
gaged with Mr. W. J. Roche, who owned Free Lance,
Sir Knight, Blue Knight and other good horses, and then
became connected with the stable of R. Bradley, for
whom he rode Panway, Cliquot, Second Chance, Lady
Greenway and other members of the string.

At the same time his services have been in request for
other owners than those with whom he has been per-
manently connected. Among the mounts with which
he has been intrusted are such horses as Petrel, Crom-
well, Urania, Set Fast, Jefferson, Refugee, Sir Vassar and
a great number of others, in a majority of instances scor-
ing victories upon them. When Mr. Pierre Lorillard
lately transferred his racing interests from the American
to the English turf, he made Powers a flattering offer to
cross the ocean and ride upon the courses of the Old
Country. This offer was declined for personal reasons,
but it is generally thought that the American rider, had
he decided to go, would have made a good record in
competition with the best leading jockeys of England.

During a period covering almost ten years Wil-
liam H. McDermott has been identified with racing
in and about New York and also on the other great tracks
of the country. He is one of that large class of horse-
men who are natives of New York City and get their
first inspiration in racing matters on the great Eastern
tracks. He was sixteen years of age when he entered
the ranks in 1890, being employed by William McMahon,
who, by the way, is the father-in-law of the celebrated
jockey, " Snapper " Garrison. With Mr. McMahon he
remained for three years, at the outset as exercising boy.
The art of jockeyship came to him quickly, however, and
before he had served a full year of his apprenticeship he
began to ride in races. While he remained with Mr.
McMahon he was favored with some three hundred
mounts and came in winner about fifty times. The most
prominent horses that he rode were Prince Edward, Long
Jack and others of similar class.

After leaving the employ of Mr. McMahon he had an
engagement with Mr. Frank Engeman for one year, win-
ning about 40 races for that owner's stable; on Chateau
alone he won 12 races. His next engagement was with
Mr. William Phillips, during which he won about 30 races
out of 200 mounts, the best horses that he piloted
being Lottie A., Schoolmarm and Sir Clifton. During the
season of 1897, he was engaged with Mr. Jere Dunn, riding
Sunny Slope, Ruby Lips, Blissful, Diana's Daughter and
others. On the whole, he has had a very good record,

««w

WILLIAM H. McDERMOTT

holds a fixed position, and seems likely to be heard from
in the near future. His riding weight is ninety pounds.

397

THE AMERICAN TURF

Born in Fordham, N. Y., November 12, 1877, Robert
Harrison was fortunate in being brought up in the racing
atmosphere that has long pertained to Westchester
County, and especially to the neighborhood of Jerome
Park and Morris Park. His racing experience began in
1889, when he was engaged in the stable of W. J.
Spiers. His maiden race was won on Lansdale. In
i8q5, after having been with Mr. Spiers for several years,
he engaged with Robert Clare, who was then training
the stable of Mr. Arthur White, and he rode Challenger,
Christmas, Titmouse and other horses. His next en-
gagement was with John Hynes, who in recent years has
had such good horses in training as Brisk, Declare, Pass-
over, Ma Petite and others.

Harrison has won on Brisk, Lida Woodlands, Ma
Petite, Watercress and many others, his successes being
generally of a clever character and showing good skill
and self-possession. His average riding weight is ninety-
eight pounds. Besides the horses mentioned he has rid-
den others of distinction, and has won many races.
He has been particularly successful in the West, where
he is regarded in good favor. He is skilful in his work,
and his career has been characterized by strict attention

Coming of a racing family, Eugene Van Keuren has
fully justified his name by his turf exploits. His brother,

■"or

•^

ROBERT HARRISON

to business and careful consideration of the best interests
of the stables with which he has been connected.

EUGENE VAN KEUREN

William Van Keuren, will be recalled as a former jockey,
and now as one of our owners and trainers. Eugene
Van Keuren was born in Port Jervis, N. J., October 18,
1 87 1. He began his racing experience in 1886 in the
stable of the Messrs. Dwyer Brothers. After a brief
term of service for the Chicago Stable, he returned to
his former employers and was also promoted to ride.
His first mount was on Battery, and his first win was on
Winona.

Subsequently he rode for W. H. Timmons, when that
turfman had One, False Ahrens and other noted thor-
oughbreds. Next Van Keuren signed with Mr. E. J.
Baldwin, and then went with the Springhurst Stable.
Beginning with the season of 1897, he engaged with
Covington & Kent. Still later he has been again with
the stable of Mr. Timmons. He has ridden on nearly
all the tracks in America, has had good mounts and cor-
respondingly good success. His average riding weight
is 102 pounds. The fact that he has already attained his
full growth should enable him to ride for many years to
come, while with the skill that he has shown, there is
every reason why he should be expected to hold a good
position in his profession.

398

THE AMERICAN TURF

Born in New York City, Ciiarles O'Donnell, wiio is
one of tile good lightweigiit jockeys of this period,
began his racing experience with the stable of W. H.
Roller. At that time Mr. Roller owned Azrael, Little
Fred, Lestei'and other horses of prominence, and in their
company O'Donnell had a very good introduction to the
thoroughbred family. With Mr. Roller, O'Donnell re-
mained for a single year, and then, in 1893, engaged to
ride for James Shields. He was occupied in exercising
only a comparatively short time before he was promoted
to ride in races. His maiden race was on Juliette, and
it was also his first win, naturally to the great delight
of not only himself, but also his employer.

Afterward he went to New Orleans, where he rode
largely for Mr. J. E. Madden, but had mounts from
other stables. Among his sensational races was one on
Lineage at New Orleans. At Baltimore, in 1896, he won
nearly every race that he rode. At St. Asaph one season
he won six races, all of which were surprises to the
public. His riding in the East in 1897, attracted the
attention of Mr. James H. McCormick, the trainer for
Messrs. Burns & Waterhouse, and he was assigned to
ride for that stable. One of the best races that he ever
placed to his credit was on the grass at Sheepshead Bay,
when he won with Hugh Penny, defeating Sun Up and

The first experience of John T. Coylie, another of the
large class of eminent lightweights, was with Mr. Will-

JOHN T. COYLIE

CHARLES O'DONNELL

others. He is a jockey of strong calibre, and able to give a
good report of himself even when in the best of company.

Engeman,

iam A. Engeman. He remained with Mr.
exercising horses, for one year. This was in 1891,
when he was fourteen years of age, having been born
in 1877, in Meriden, Conn. Subsequently he was con-
nected with James McLaughlin for four years. His work
was of an admirable character and attracted a great deal
of attention. He weighed some seventy-five pounds,
and displayed skill almost beyond his weight and
years. During the season of 1893, he rode only a small
number of races, about twelve, of which he was suc-
cessful in winning several. The following year he had
a mount some fifty times and was successful in coming
in at the head ten times.

In 1895, he had advanced to an even better standing,
carrying to his credit some thirty out of one hundred
races, among them being several stakes and handicaps.
During the season of 1896, he rode only part of the time,
having met with an accident. The season of 1897 "was
a particularly successful one for him, -and his riding of
Premier in races against more experienced jockeys was
often and favorably commented upon. Upon this horse
he won several consecutive races, and in most of the
events in which he was engaged he was part of an ex-
ceedingly close finish. Among the stakes he won with
Premier was the Carter Handicap at Aqueduct. More
recently he has made a first-class connection with the
stable of Mr. Sydney Paget, and has a promising future,

399

THE AMERICAN TURF

Although the State of Pennsylvania has never been
particularly noted for its concern for the thoroughbred,

JOHN T. HILL

yet within the confines of that commonwealth have
been two of the most noted later day breeding and rac-
ing establishments. Only the merest mention of the
names of these two places, the Algeria of the Honorable
William L. Scott, and the Erdenheim of Mr. Aristides
Welch, is necessary in this connection. The former
gained distinction for itself and for the American turf
through the imported stallion. Rayon d'Or; the latter
was not less famous through the glories of imported
Leamington, and, in later day, the noble Parole.

At Chestnut Hill was the Erdenheim Stud, and it was
in that neighborhood that the young jockey, Hill, was
brought up. Beginning his racing career in 1892, when
he was a boy of twelve years of age, he was engaged in
the stable of Mr. Walter Gratz, and remained there for
some two years, being principally employed in exercis-
ing. ^ In 1894, his services were engaged by Mr. John V.
Elliott as a lightweight, and with that gentleman he
remained for a single season. Subsequently, in 1896, he
was employed by Mr. M. F. Dwyer. Remaining with the
Dwyer Stable during 1897, he rode Ben Ronald, Hardly,
Wadsworth and others, and also had mounts for outside
owners. He won a number of races on Ben Ronald and
Wadsworth. Still connected with the Dwyer Stable, he is
regarded as a good rider and holds an excellent rank
among the lightweights who are now coming to the
front so strongly and in such large numbers.

Born in Fredericksburg, Tex., in 1880, Max Hirsch, one
of the bright young lightweights of the present era,
attended school only until he was eight years of age,
and soon after that entered upon a racing career. First
he was heard of in quarter racing around the county fairs
of his native State. Then engaged with the Morris Farm
in Texas, where he was employed for two years. There
his work was of such a satisfactory character that Mr.
R. W. Walden brought him East and has since kept him
busy for himself and for the stable of Messrs. A. H. &
D. H. Morris. He has ridden upon all the prominent
courses in the South, West and East.

During his entire career in the saddle he has been con-
nected with the Morrises, but has occasionally ridden for
outside owners. In fact, owners and trainers have come
to be specially desirous of his services for their horses let
in at lightweight. His work has always been of good
character. He is a capable jockey, well liked by his
employers, and also a favorite with the public and with

MAX HIRSGH

his fellow riders. Those who know him best consider
that he has a long and bright future before him.

400

THE AMERICAN TURF

Considering liis siiort connection wilii tlie turf, few
riders iiave made a more favorable impression tlian

CHARLES F. GARRIQAN

Ciiarles F. Garrigan. He does not ride as frequently as
some others, but is especially noted for his reliability and
caution. Born in 1874, on Staten Island, he has had
the advantage of a thorough schooling, his studies con-
tinuing until he was nineteen years of age. Then, in
1893, he entered the stable of the Burridge Brothers as
an exercise boy. His aptness became apparent, and
within one year he made his first trial as a rider, having
a mount on Surgeon, which horse he brought through a
big bunch to a place. Afterward he rode The Baroness,
Samaritan, Corn Cob, Emma and others, winning with
Emma at 30 to i , beating Gutta Percha and others, and
winning with The Baroness at a mile and a half.

In addition to riding for the Burridge Brothers, he has
ridden for the Goughacres Stable and Messrs.W. J. Roche,
J. V. Elliott, Charles Miller, R. McBride, D. T. Pulsifer
and others. He has had some notable wins besides
those already mentioned, especially on Defender and on
Lochinvar at long odds. On Defender, at a mile, he
beat Garrison, who rode Mirage, in a drive, by a head.
He is a jockey with tenacity, intelligence and firm guiding
power, and whenever he rides can be depended upon not
to disappoint either his principal or the public. He has
been making an imprpssion with his skilful, jockeyship
during the few years that he has been actively engaged,
and seems destined to leave behind him, before his career
shall have ended, a very substantial record.

Although recently in the field, Walter Willhite has
already attracted attention by his consistent and often
brilliant work. The greater part of his career has been
in the West, but he has also met with fair success upon
the tracks of the East in recent seasons. He is a native
of Illinois, the town of Milan, in that State, being his
birthplace. He has been upon the turf only a few years,
beginning, in 189s, as an exercise boy for the stable of
Mr. William Arnett, who owned Flying Dutchman,
Dutch Arrow and others. His first win was on Hymenia
as a two-year old.

His next engagements were successively with Mr. John
W. Shaw and Mr. J. E. Madden, his contract with the
last named horseman running over the season of 1898.
Besides the tracks of the East, Willhite has ridden at
New Orleans, Louisville, Memphis, Little Rock and Lex-
ington. His claim to rank among the strong lightweight
riders was demonstrated by his riding of that great two-
year old, Hamburg, in the Trial Stakes of 1897. His
clever, cool-headed work upon that occasion won for

WALTER WILLHITE

him many admirers, who are still watching his career
with more than ordinary interest and admiration.

401.

THE AMERICAN TURF

Some of the best judges have gone on record as say-
ing that Michael F. Hennessey's riding is often a treat to

M. F. HENNESSEY

those who appreciate good horsemanship. It may also
be added that his brother jockeys confirm that estimate
of his powers. Although he was born at Pittsfield,
Mass., August 28, 1868, Hennessey's life has been largely
spent in the West. He began his turf career in i88s,
when he engaged with Mr. J. B. Haggin, his first mount
and winning race being on Surname. He spent four
years with Mr. Haggin, and then engaged with Mr.
Porter Ashe for two years more. Most of his work
since he began riding has, however, been done inde-
pendently. He has had a wide experience and has rid-
den many of the cracks.

As already indicated, much of his riding has been on
the 'Western tracks, and in that section he has a justly
high reputation with owners and public. 'While he has
made several appearances in the East, they have not been
wholly fortunate, as he met with accidents each time he
came to this part of the country, his fall when riding
Mamie at the Clifton track, in 1893, being still remem-
bered by turfmen and race course followers. In 1897,
however, he once more came East under engagement to
ride for Messrs. Burns & 'Waterhouse, and fully sus-
tained his reputation by his excellent work.

Another one of the jockeys who have first been noted
from their connection with the stable of " Father Bill "
Daly is Michael Sheedy. He is a Brooklyn, N. Y., boy,
born April 27, 1878. He enjoyed the advantages of a
public school education, and did not come into racing
quite as young as some other boys, being fifteen years
old when he commenced exercising for Mr. Daly. In
the spring of 1894, he was put into the saddle by Mr.
Daly and rode his first race on Restraint for the Cherry
Diamond Handicap, finishing second to Dr. Rice, thus
winning distinction from the very outset of his career.
He also rode Charade, Buckwa, Hornpipe and others,
his mounts outside of the Daly Stable being for Mr. J.
R. Keene and others.

In 1896, he was engaged to ride principally for Mr. J.
R. Keene and Mr. George E. Smith, and in the season
of 1897, extended his field of operations by riding for
many other owners. In this same season he made the
acquaintance of the tracks in New Orleans, Chicago,
Newport, Ky., and elsewhere. He has had the distinc-
tion of riding W. B., on whom he was never beaten,
Kinglet, Irish Reel, Aurelian, Chiswick and numerous
others. He is a good, capable rider, faithful in all that

40^

MICHAEL SHEEDY

he undertakes, and is solid, rather than brilliant, in his
riding. His skill is frequently noticed;

402

THE AMERICAN TURF

One of the brio;ht youno; men wlio have come fi'om
h'eland is Michael Shannon, a capable lightweight, who
has been in the saddle since i8qs. He was born in Lim-
erick, and came to the United States to seek his foitLine
in iSe^i. His tirst engagement in connection with the
turf was in iSg^, when he began as exercise boy with
John Huffman. He had his first mount on John Cohen,
and was notably successful with his first winning
mount, which was on First Deal, for with that horse he
won two straight races. He had a " leg up " on Bromo
when that horse won his maiden race, and his achieve-
ment upon that occasion was of more than ordinary
moment to him.

His work in the saddle attracted the attention of Frank
Regan, who was much impressed with the possibilities
that lay in the boy and signed a three years' contract for
him to ride the horses in his stable. His work for Mr.
Regan has been of a good character and sufficiently suc-
cessful to show that he is a jockey of abundant merit.
He has ridden and won very cleverly some important
races. Having a fairly good general education, he has
acquired an excellent knowledge of horses, and displays
fine judgment when riding. He is painstaking and
careful, and is constantly on the lookout to gather

The boys to whom "Father Bill" Daly has given
their first instruction would constitute a large regiment.

ALFRED H. WAPSHIRE

MICHAEL SHANNON

new, points of value that may be useful to himself or
to his employers, and is quite likely to advance rapidly.

Many of them have won distinction in their after years
and have never hesitated to give due credit to their early
training. Comparatively few, however, have remained
for any considerable length of time in the stable of their
preceptor, for their ability seems very quickly to have
attracted the attention of other owners, who have held
out tempting offers to them. Now and then, however,
there have been those satisfied to remain with the stable
in which they were first brought out, and whose success
has been coincident with the success of that establish-
ment.

A notable example of the value of the training secured
in the Daly Stable is seen in the person of Alfred H.
Wapshire. Once a Daly boy, he has always been a
Daly boy. In fact, he has become almost a permanent
fixture in that stable. Born in London, England, March
8, 1878, Wapshire was brought to the United States
when he was a child of only two years of age. He
received a good education in the public schools, and after-
ward applied himself to the trade of bookbinding. He
was sixteen years of age when he became connected
with the stable of Mr. Daly. There he exercised horses
for a year and a half and had his first mount on Golden
Gate at Brighton Beach. He has ridden such horses as
Arabian, Pearl Song, General Maceo, Emotional, Volley,
Rifler, St. Vincent, Rotterdam and others, and has won
on Dr. Jim, Ortoland and others. Besides riding for Mr.
Daly, he has had many outside mounts.

403

THE AMERICAN TURF

Not many eminent horsemen have come out of Kan-
sas, but now and then the history of the turf has re-
corded some individuals from that part of the country
who have done their part in the active work of racing.
William Vincent, the lightweight jockey, is one of this
small class. He was born in 1872 at Big Springs, Kan.,
and the early part of his career in connection with racing
was passed in the West. The first stable connection
that he had was with W. F. Cross in 1892, for one year.
So quickly did he learn the art of jockeyship, that Mr.
Cross trusted him with several mounts, among them
Buckthorn and Fred Knox. His good form attracted
attention, and the following year he was engaged to
ride for Edward Logan.

During the season o( 1894, he rode several hundred
races, of which number he won about fifty, half of them
being on Venture and Starlight. The next year, he was
engaged with H. D. Bellew, for whom he rode winning
races on Granite, Hopedale, W. T. Ellis and others.
Albert Bellew, a brother of his previous employer, en-
gaged him for tJie season of 1896, and he also had out-
side mounts. Continuing with Mr. Bellew in 1897, he
was still successful with the horses of that stable, princi-
pally Aunt Jane, Madeline and Hattie Blue. Illness pi'e-
vented him from riding during the latter part of the year,
but his record during the two seasons that he was with
Mr. Bellew was very satisfactory. More recently, he
has been engaged with Senator Timothy D. Sullivan.
His riding weight is 95 pounds. His success upon the

Fortunate in his birth and early training for one who
has a racing career in view, William Valentine seems

WILLIAM VINCENT

Eastern tracks is looked forward to with expectation by
those familiar with his career in the West.

WILLIAM VALENTINE

destined to long maintain the remembrance of the family
name in connection with the turf His father, Mr. John
H. Valentine, has been associated with racing for
twenty-five years as an owner and trainer, and it was
natural that the son should follow in the footsteps of
his father. In fact, his entire racing career has been
with his father's stable. Born in New York City, in
1883, he entered upon work as exercising boy in 1892,
and kept at that employment for the ensuing four years.
It was in 1896 that he rode his first race, at the Spring
Meeting on the Aqueduct Course, and he finished third
on Helen H. II. Following that he went the same
season to Windsor, Ont., where he won seventeen
races out of the sixty mounts that he had, securing a
place at the same time in nearly all the others.

Then he went to New Orleans and was two times
first and four times second out of the twenty races in
which he was engaged. He met with an accident at
New Orleans, but at the Spring Meeting at Windsor,
Can., in 1897, was again in the saddle and success-
ful in winning a fair number of the races in which he
started. At Detroit the same year, he did some good
riding, and also at Newport, Ky. Next he went to
Michigan to ride at the Highland Park Meeting, and
there continued successful, until he met with another
fall, which laid him up. Most of his mounts have been
for his father's stable, but outside owners have also
secured his services to their advantage.

404

THE AMERICAN TURF

Attention has been repeatedly called in these pages to
the many active tuifmen who, in recent years, have

i

VINCENT GARCIA

come out of California, many of whom have subsequently
distinguished themselves in all parts of the country,
even where racing rivalry is the most acute. One of
the most recent California boys to whom attention has
been called on the Eastern courses is Vincent Garcia,
who has already had a good career in the West, and
seems to be amply justified in aspiring to distinction in
the best class of lightweights of the present generation.
He was born in San Francisco, in December, 1876. His
first employment was in 1888, in the stable of Senator
Leland Stanford. There he began as exercise boy.
During his three years employment he was put up to ride
m several races, and showed marked ability.

From the Stanford Stable he went to that of Mr. Porter
Ash, for whom he rode some two years, principally- on
Chipman, Floodgate and others of a similar stamp, and
winning some seventy-five out of the entire number of
races in which he entered. Next he rode one season for
Mr. E. F. Smith, with not less success than had charac-
terized his work before. After one year with Mr. C.
Pallet, he started as a free lance, and was successful until
he was taken ill and forced to retire for the season. During
the winter of 1897-98, he was in form again, winning as
before. Now he aims to test his fortunes on the Eastern
tracks, and his record justifies bright expectations con-
cerning his future.

From his boyhood up the life of John L. Coyle has
been passed as a -jockey, in which profession he has won
deserved recognition. He was born in Baltimore, Md.,
October i, 1876, and has been among horses from his
earliest days. In 1893, when seventeen years of age,
he engaged to exercise horses for Mr. Philip J. Dwyer,
and, in 189s, rode St. Lawrence 11., Monte Carlo
and other prominent performers. In 1896, he rode
Inheritance and Long Beach, and had peculiar good
fortune with the latter horse, who always had a strong
tendency to sulk. Coyle, however, rode him success-
fully, capturing several good races and defeating such
opponents as St. Maxim and Charade.

Another good race standing to Coyle's credit was his
riding of Cassette for Mr. Augustus Clason, defeating
such a speedy animal as The Winner. Still another
example of his jockeyship was given at Morris Park,
where, on Tinge, he beat Roundsman and other good
horses. He also rode W. M. Barrick's Sun Up, at
Washington, defeating a good field. Coyle is cool-
headed and clever, and his services have been much in
request by owners and trainers. His success in the
saddle has brought him considerable money, which he
invested in purchasing and furnishing a house at Gravesend
for his mother, to whom he is a devoted son. Latterly,
Coyle has been riding a great deal upon the courses in
Canada, and also those in the Northwest, and has not
been seen as frequently on the metropolitan tracks as his
many admirers have wished. He has always been a hard
working, faithful lad, and while his work has not been

JOHN L. COYLE

at all of a "fireworks" character, it has always done
him credit, and has been generally useful to his employers.

405

THE AMERICAN TURF

Among the young men who have only recently come
forth to sport the silk is William Gee, one of the most
promising lightweights. He is about seventeen years
of age and is a native of New York City, having been
born in September, 1881. He has been connected with
horses, however, since 1894, when he entered the
Morris Stable in charge of R. Wyndham Walden, and
his work thus far has been entirely in the same connec-
tion. He was given sound instruction in exercising,
covering a period of some two years. It was in 1896 that
he had the opportunity to ride in a race for the first time.
His mount was The New South. During that season he
won several races, and was also successful during the
season of 1897. As the Morris Stable always contains a
goodly number of first-class horses, it is evident that Gee
has opportunity before him to achieve distinction. His
special instruction, while learning to exercise and to ride
in races has been received direct from Mr. Walden, and
nothing need be added to that simple statement to show
that the youngster has had the best possible schooling.
He has been a good student, paying strict attention to
his instructions, and is evidently a close observer 01

Strict attention to business and absolute reliability have
made the name of John P. Neumeyer a favorite in the

WILLIAM GEE

horses and their riders generally. His light weight, 95
pounds, places him in a very desirable class.

JOHN p. NEUMEYER

racing world. Born at West Farms, N. Y., in 1870, he
was on a farm in Westchester County, when in 1884,
he was apprenticed to the Messrs. Dwyer Brothers until
he was twenty-one and remained with them for
eight years. Even as an exercise boy he was noted for skill
and care, and was the only lad who could gallop Han-
over and Tremont. His first mount in public was in
1885, on Petersburg, at Monmouth Park, and the first
race he won was on Leclare, at Jerome Park. He won
the United States Hotel Stakes, at Saratoga, on Ballston,
beating The Bard by a head, and also won a clever race
on Inspector B., at Sheepshead Bay, winning consider-
able money for himself

When the Dwyer Brothers' establishment was divided,
Neumeyer remained with Mr. Philip J. Dwyer and acted as
foreman under Trainer McGarry. In the autumn of
1892, he rode for Mr. C. Cornehlsen. In 1893, he rode
for the Baden Stable, at Guttenberg, with great success.
In 1894, he rode two races on Charade, and in one of
them was beaten by Clifford by only a head in fast time.
He rode Winona for Mr. F. D. Beard, and was successful
with that mare, and also at one time rode under Mr.
James G. Rowe and Mr. Frank McCabe. In 1895, he
owned and rode Galloping King, winning several good
races. Latterly he has been riding for Mr. Charles Gor-
man. Neumeyer has found riding exceedingly profitable
and is married and has an attractive home at Gravesend.

406

THE AMERICAN TURF

For more than a quarter of a century the American
turf has been favored by the services of English jockeys.
In the early part of the period, American owners brought
to this country English jockeys of ability and distinction,
some of whom have since become famous as trainers and
owners. In later years these importations have been less
frequent owing to the development of American jockeys.
At the same time the turf in the United States has con-
tinued to profit by the services of jockeys of English
birth, who, however, having come to this country early
in life, are in training and associations more American
than English.

In this class is William W. Pickering, who was born
in London, August 17, 1872. After completing his
school life, he played on the stage in some of the princi-
pal theatres until he was twelve years old. In Decem-
ber, 1888, he came to the United States and attached him-

A favorable start in life was accorded to the young
jockey, William Schimmel, who rides under the name

self to the stable of Mr. A. J. Cassatt, starting in the
usual occupation of exercising. When Mr. Cassatt sold
his stable, he engaged with Mr. Louis Stuart, for whom
he has ridden almost exclusively. Squander was his
first mount in a race at Linden, N. J. Afterward he rode
Schuykill, Pickwick and other good horses, bringing
them in frequent winners. In 1897, he rode Ein two
races, winning at odds of 50 to i and 30 to i. During

W. W. PICKERING

the winter he has been engaged at

Mr. Stuart's stock

WILLIAM SCHIMMEL

farm at Oceanport, N. J., where he is very popular.

of Morris. He was born in Madisonville, Ky., Decem-
ber 4, 1872, and the mere mention of the word Ken-
tucky in this connection should be ample, as showing
full justification for his career as a horseman. He was
fifteen years of age when he began exercising horses in
the stable of Mr. James Murphy, and he promptly showed
that he possessed the qualities that are necessary tor the
making of a good jockey. When he was placed upon
Victrix for his first mount, he showed himself self-
possessed and capable. After that, he was favored with
other mounts, and acquitted himself well. His first win-
ning race was on Jakey Tom, a horse that then belonged
to Sam Bryant, owner of Proctor Knott.

As an exercise boy, Morris was noted as the cham-
pion of the United States in 1891. Some of the good
runners of this era have been handled by him. Among
others, he had Terra Cotta, Egmont, Huntress, Lorenzo,
Almont and Delmar. He broke and rode Typhoon II.
in all the preliminary work of that great horse from the
time that he was a yearling. As a jockey, he has ridden
upon all the important courses of America and Canada,
and has won many races, especially several stakes at
Chicago and New Orleans. For a long time he was con-
nected with the stable of Messrs. Bromley & Co., and
was one of the best employees of that establishment.
His work upon Typhoon II. in preparation for the races
in which that champion engaged, was of a particularly
valuable character, and stamped him not only as a good
rider, but also as a proficient trainer.

407

THE AMERICAN TURF

Horsemanship in Edward C. Moser is largely a matter
of inheritance, his father being well known in trotting

There is an old saying that Englishmen inherit their
talent for the turf, and therefore the functions of riding
come as second nature to them. The striking example
of the proof of this statement appears in the career of
the Evanses, father and son. The elder Evans was a
famous rider and trainer in the Old World, and in this
country did splendid work in the saddle for the senior
Mr. Belmont, and afterward for Messrs. J. R. Keene,
D. D. Withers, A. J. Cassatt and Pierre Lorillard. Later
he was with the Messrs. Dwyer Brothers.

George Evans, Jr., was born in England, in 1874, and
coming to this country, entered the stable of Mr. George
L. Lorillard, being engaged as an exercise boy. Afterward
he was associated in the same capacity with Mr. Charles
Littlefield and also with Mr. Thomas Winters, of Cali-
fornia. After a two-years' service with Mr. Porter Ashe,
he became a rider for the Burridge Brothers, and then
for Messrs. Gideon & Daly, finally joining the staff of
Mr. John Ferguson, of New Jersey. During his active
riding career he was recognized as a popular and valu-
able adjunct to any stable with which he was connected.
He wholly deserved the reputation that he won as one
of the most conscientious and honest riders known
upon the turf in his day, and in every event in which he
rode the public put implicit faith in his methods, straight-
forwardness and professional technique. Latterly be-

EDWARD C. MOSER

circles, while the son at an early age learned to ride by ex-
ercising trotters. He was born in New York City, Jan.
5, 1873, and attended school there and in Parkville, L. I.
In 1887, he engaged with William C. Daly and rode
races for the stable after being only three m.onths with
it, his weight at that time being 80 pounds. With Mr.
Daly he remained for two years. Among other mounts
he rode Civil Service, Bronzamart, Lizzie and Glory. In
1888, at Clifton, N. J., he won the Christmas Handicap
with Glory, then two years old.

He also rode for Green B. Morris, and in the opening
year at Morris Park, he broke the }i-m\\e record on Tip-
staff. He also rode King Idle, Barrister and others, and
in 1890, on Madstone, beat his old mount Tipstaff and
Bella B. He was for a time in the employ of Messrs.
Dwyer Brothers. Again he returned to Mr. Daly, and
also rode for Mr. Nathan Straus. He was taken ill
while reducing his weight and was forced to rest, and
when he recovered began driving trotters with good
success. He made a record of 2.27^ with Try, 2.28%
with Stealaway, 2.28^4 with Will Goster, 2.31 J^ with
McLaughlin Maid, all at the Parkway track, and one of
2. 30 with Iron Master, at Mineola. The year of 1897, how-
ever, found him again in the saddle riding thoroughbreds.

GEORGE EVANS, JR

coming heavy, he has relinquished riding, to the regret
of many owners and a large circle of turf admirers.

408

THE AMERICAN TURF

Born ;it E;itontown, N. J., August s, 1879, in the im-
mediate vicinity of tlie old and new Monmoutii Paik
race courses, Asiier Waller inevitably became acquainted
with race horses and imbued with a passion for turf life.
As early as 189 1, when he was twelve years of age, he
made a contract for three years to serve the stable of
Mr. Charles Littlefield. He is an intelligent boy, exceed-
ingly bright and capable, and tltted into his new life
quickly and smartly. He soon acquired an excellent
knowledge of horses -and was qualified to ride before he
had been long connected with Mr. Littlefield's stable.

His first mount was on Bombazette and his first win
on Chic. His services have not been confined ex-
clusively to Mr. Littlefield, however, for, although he
has ridden for him continuously, he has also been per-
mitted to accept mounts for other owners, and his work
has been highly esteemed by them. So far as weight
is concerned, he is one of the most useful riders in his
class. He has ridden as low as 85 pounds and can
ride now at from 97 to 102 pounds. He is a well
built boy, exceedingly intelligent, has a good seat and
a fair pair of hands. He has been trained in a good
school, and during his career has given abundant evi-

After attending school for a few years in the days of
his childhood, William Porter made his practical ac-

WILLIAM PORTER

J.

•%

ASHER WALLER

dence of his ability. Should he meet with no unfore-
seen difficulties he has a bright future before him.

quaintance with horses in 1891. He is a native of Lex-
ington, Ky., having been born July 11, 1877. His first
stable connection was with Edward Brown, with
whom he went first to Chicago, afterward to Saratoga,
and then back to Kentucky. The first season gave him
a good experience with some very excellent horses, and
again, in the spring of 1892, he came East with the same
stable. The following season he was engaged to ride
for Mr. E. J. Baldwin at Latonia. His first mount was
El Reno, upon whom he finished third, but' his next at-
tempt was more successful, for, upon the same horse, he
came in at the head of the field. He also rode Lady
Bess and others.

In subsequent years he rode for Messrs. W. Showalter,
William M. Wallace and Albert Cox. For the Wallace
Stable he was the first to win a race on The Commoner,
at three-quarters of a mile, in i minute, 14 seconds. He
also rode Oracle, The Winner, and others of less prom-
inence. Coming East in 1896, he engaged with Mr.
Foxhall Keene, and in 1897 with Mr. William Lands-
berg. For the Landsberg Stable he has ridden several
good races, particularly on Storm King, with whom he
has won twice and come in second twice. He has also
ridden occasionally for " Father Bill " Daly, among his
mounts in that stable being Volley and Tinkler.

409

THE AMERICAN TURF

Silas Veitch, the well-known cross-country jockey,
was born in the Province of Ontario, November 15, 1872,
and received a sound common school education. His
first permanent connection with horses and racing began
in 1886, his position being that of an exercise boy in the
stable of Mr. J. E. Seagram, the prominent Canadian
turfman. A similar engagement followed with Mr. Will-
iam Hendrie, and then with Mr. James Shields.

His first mount on the race track was at Toronto,
when he rode Wild Thorn, and since then he has been
constantly engaged as a jockey, and has appeared at all
the race courses in this country, having had mounts for
most of the leading owners of jumpers. Among the
prominent horses which Veitch rode in his early career
were Gladiator, Pat Oakley, St. John and Sam Morris,
though the list could be made more lengthy. He pos-
sesses a daring and effective style of riding, and has a
rare faculty of judging pace in a hurdle race. In 1893,
he became attached to the stable of Mr. J. M. Crosby, of
Boston, who owned Southerner, Marcus, Fugitive, San
Joaquin, and Alchemist. The three years from 1894 to
1896, inclusive, he was again engaged by Mr. Hendrie,
who had been one of his early employers, and for the
season of 1897 contracted to ride the notable horses be-
longing to Mr. Robert Hooper, of Boston, which string
included such animals of high degree in their specialty,
as Duke of Abercorn, who was killed in a race at Morris
Park; Kilkenny, Tidman, Waltzer, Diversion, and seve-
ral others. Possessing a mastery of all the arts connected

In former days, many of the most prominent jockeys
were not only born in the old country, but acquired

.J

SILAS VEITCH

with cross-country riding, Veitch will doubtless continue
to be heard from frequently for many seasons.

RICHARD ENGLISH

their professional skill upon the race courses there. At
the present time, however, few such instances can be
cited among the ranks of our leading riders. Richard
English is one of the exceptions, and has had a remark-
able experience upon the turf in both England and
France, having ridden there for some of the greatest
owners before he came to America, and established his
position as one of the best cross-country riders. Born at
Cheltenham, England, October 31, 1871, English re-
ceived an ordinary school education. His first actual ex-
perience was as an exercise boy for Mr. Richard March,
a prominent owner, who entered his horses at races in
both England and France. He remained with this stable
for five years, during which time he rode such horses as
Searles II., Lockjaw and others, and appeared in the
saddle at the leading tracks, both English and French.
Leaving this employment, he was next engaged by
Baron Rothschild.

In 1 89 1, English came to America, riding for Mr. S. S.
Howland, and at once found his ability recognized. He
won a number of races on Judge Morrow, Eldorado,
Eclipse, Mogul, and horses of similar calibre, his services
being in constant demand. He is now engaged by
Messrs. F. R. and T. Hitchcock, who have one of the
largest and best stables of jumpers ever seen on the
American turf. A marked characteristic of English is
that in all his experiences as a rider over the jumps
he has never been hurt, although there are few jockeys
who have taken part in so many cross-country races.

410

THE AMERICAN TURF

Tennessee p;ave James Owens to the turf,
jockey was born at Nashville, November 6, 1875.

This
His

JAMES OWENS

first turt connection was with the Bashford Manor
Stable. After riding for this stable for some time he ac-
cepted an engagement with Mr. M. F. Dwyer, an alli-
ance that fully testified to the excellent standing to which
he had already attained in the estimation of well-posted
owners. In a special capacity he remained with Mr.
Dwyer for three years. When the Brooklyn turfman
made his plans to go to England, Owens, preferring to
remain in this country, engaged to ride for the well-
known Western turfman, Mr. J. D. Christie, who was
then the owner of that good horse Pactolus.

Owens' first win was on Cicero, and he came in at
the head of the field in the Flood Stakes. Numerous
other good stakes in the West have been placed to his
credit, among them the sensational win on Baby Bill for
the Athens Stakes, an event that has not yet been for-
gotten by those who were so fortunate as to see it. He
has ridden on every race course of prominence in the
United States and has been equally conspicuous over the
jumps as on the flat. He is a good steeplechase jockey,
of excellent skill, quiet and unassuming in manner,
but as full of courage as any rider in his class.
Recently he has been under engagement to Mr. Samuel
C. Hildreth, but was also called upon to ride for out-
side owners, who fully appreciate his merit.

Born in Ireland, July 16, 1877, only the early days of
Eugene Finnigan were passed in his native land. His
parents came to the United States in 1883 and brought
him with them. His schooling was continued here, and
he applied himself to his books until he was thirteen
years of age, acquiring a good general education. He
was more than ordinarily well equipped when he
branched out for himself, and made his first acquaint-
ance with thoroughbreds in connection with the stable
of Mr. John Hynes. For that owner he rode in 1890,
and gained such an experience that he had no further
doubt in regard to his future.

Leaving the Hynes Stable he next engaged to ride for
Mr. Charles Sanders, with whom he was associated for
some time before he become connected with the stable
of Mr. Frank Regan, who was his next employer. As
a matter of record it is interesting to note that his first
winning mount was on Miss Gallop. For Mr. Regan he
rode two years. He is classed as a good steeplechase
jockey, his first mount on a jumper being on Hulbertand
his first win on Mr. Dunlop. After considerable success
in New Orleans, he came East and rode for Mr. Francis
D. Beard, of the Erie Stable, and latterly for Mr. C. W.
Stanton on Sir Vassar. For Mr. Stanton he won nearly
all the races that he rode. Sir Vassar has since been sold
to Mr. Sydney Paget. Finnigan has a firm seat in the
saddle, and so conspicuous is he in this respect that his

EUGENE FINNIGAN

appearance has often been commented upon in more than
ordinary terms of praise by the race going public.

411

THE AMERICAN TURF

Steeplechase jockeys have not, until lately, been in such
demand as riders on the flat, but they have been found
useful in their particular line and especially when,
as is the case of some of them, they can adapt themselves
to both styles of riding. The career of the jockey who
devotes himself largely to steeplechase riding is of some-
thing more than ordinary interest. Perhaps it should
attract exceptional attention from the fact that a rider in
this class is one of a few rather than one of many, as is
the case with those who confine themselves entirely to
riding on the flat.

With a good reputation as a steeplechase Jockey, J. B.
Slack has also acquired fame quite as much by his
achievements on the flat. He has been riding for nearly
a dozen years, and during that length of time has been
connected with several important stables. For two
years he was with Mr. Green B. Morris, for one season
with Mr. J. DeLong, for eighteen months with Mr. C. D.
•McCoy, for one season with Mr. J. J. McCafferty, for
three years with Mr. G. R. Tompkins and for one season
with Mr. R. Bradley. He has also ridden in numerous
races for other owners, who have never neglected to
avail themselves of his services as often as he has been
disengaged. A large proportion of the events that he
has ridden in he has won. Recently he has been con-

From the flat to steeplechase riding seems in a fairway
to be one of the notable movements in contemporaneous

CHARLES BROWN

J. B. SLACK

nected with Messrs. E. L. &J. T. Smith, the well-known
Western owners, who have several good performers.

jockey life. The increasing call for steeplechase jockeys
has led to the keeping of some men in the saddle who
might otherwise have given up the profession on account
of increasing weight. Charles Brown, who has latterly
come into this class, is a native of Utica, N. Y., where he
was born in May 1876, and where he still has a home,
although his racing headquarters are principally at
Sheepshead Bay. He began with race horses in 1888,
in the stable of Mr. A. E. Gates. There he remained for
a period of four years, a circumstance that sufficiently
illustrates his persistency and steadiness and disinclina-
tion to be shifting from one employer to another.

After his first year with Mr. Gates he commenced to
ride and has been steadily in the saddle since that time.
For three years he was riding for Mr. Gates. At that
time he was a lightweight, weighing about 90 pounds,
but nevertheless rode jumping races, as well as on the
flat, already displaying marked qualifications for the
former style. Latterly he has ridden for Messrs. T.
Danaher, Mr. N. S. Hall, A. M. Hopkins and P. T. Chinn,
besides accepting occasional outside mounts. His most
recent engagement has been with Mr. C. Gorman. His
present riding weight is 125 pounds and he expects to
achieve a degree of success in steeplechase riding which
will quite equal that which has previously distinguished
his jockeyship on the flat.

412

THE AMERICAN TURF

Born in Irehind, P. J. Mclnerney h;is hud as wide and
varied an experience as any jockey now connected witii
the American turf. His birth occurred September 15,
1871. In 1885, before he had attained the age 0I four-
teen, he began exercising in the stable of William
Reedy. He profited much by this, and when he came
to enter upon the life of a jockey, was in good shape
for the career. His first mount was on The Rose and
his first win was on Ravensteen. This successful race
was in Australia, whither he had gone, attracted by the
opportunities offered in that country. In Australia he
remained three and a half years, and participated in some
of the important racing contests there.

When he came to America in 1891, he first rode on the
fiat. His first win was on Profligate at Chicago. For
two years he rode on the flat and then began riding
over the sticks. In steeplechase riding he has attained
to considerable eminence, but in the autumn of 1897
had the misfortune to fall off the favorite in a race.
During his career in this country he has been under
contract to Mr. N. S. Hall and to Messrs. Sumner &
Co. Among his important winnings have been two
stakes in California, two stakes in Chicago, four stakes
in the East, and many other good races. He can ride at
1 10 pounds and is likely to be seen many times in the

When Timothy H. Murphy began to learn about race
horses he was a youngster of twelve years of age. His

p. J. MclNERNEY

future. He is a strong, graceful rider, and makes an
attractive appearance m his mounts.

TIMOTHY H. MURPHY

birth occurred November 26, 1875, and he first found
employment in the stable of Messrs. W. Hendrie & Co.
His term of service in that establishment extended over
three years and gave him abundant opportunity to learn
every detail of the profession to which he proposed to
devote himself. While connected with the Messrs.
Hendrie he had his first opportunity to ride in a race and
also made his first winning for the same stable. Sub-
sequently he rode frequently and won several races,
especially during the last years of his apprenticeship.
When he had graduated, as it were, from his school, he
took an engagement as jockey with the Empire Stable,
for which he rode two seasons, meeting with fair suc-
cess, and doing full justice to the horses on which he was
mounted.

Acquiring too much flesh for lightweight riding, he
turned his attention to riding jumpers. His first engage-
ment of this character was with Mr. Andrew Blakely,
with whom he was engaged for two years. During this
time he won some forty races out of the one hundred
and twenty in which he started. Following this ex-
perience he accepted an offer to ride for Mr. Edward
Corrigan, of Chicago, and, during the season of 1896,
won for that owner something like thirty races out of
one hundred mounts. Returning again to the stable of
his former employer, Mr. Blakely, he had in the years
immediately following equally good success, riding on
Snowdown, Pearsall, Hats Off and others. His
riding weight is 125 pounds, and he is a good, solid,
forcible rider, with excellent control over the horses
whose fortunes he directs.

413

THE AMERICAN TURF

Best known as "Spider" Anderson, George B. Ander-
son first aclnieved reputation as a rider on the flat and

GEORGE B. ANDERSON

came into tiie first class. Afterward, as lie gained in
weight, he began riding jumpers and has latterly become
proficient in that style of riding. He is a native of Mary-
land, having been born in Baltimore, in 1871. Early in
life he was engaged with Fred Carter in the stable of
Messrs. Davis & Hall. For this establishment he rode
for a considerable time and became well known for his
integrity, his cleverness and his general success.

Some of the most exacting owners had their attention
called to him, and his services were in demand for the
best stables. Among other owners who employed him
were Messrs. August Belmont, Sr., D. D. Withers, Will-
iam L. Scott and Byron McClelland. To recapitulate
the names of all the great horses that he rode would be
to make a long and imposing record. Especially hehad
the "leg up" on Badge in that horse's important races,
and while in the employ of Messrs. Belmont and W. L.
Scott, won some of the most noted stake events of the
American turf. Recently he has been engaged with Mr.
William C.Daly, with a special view to steeplechase riding.

His success in meeting the high expectations of the dis-
tinguished and exacting owners for whom he has ridden
in the years past is the completest testimony that could
be presented as showing his general reliability, trust-
worthiness and capacity. In the steeplechase riding,
which seems now to be coming very much into vogue
among the better class of turfmen, and with the fashion-
able public as well, Anderson should, in the very nature
of things and considering his long experience, take an
active and prominent part.

From Kentucky came Bud Haggins, who has ridden
well on the flat and also in the steeplechase class. He
was born in July, 1870, and made the acquaintance 01
race horses in 188 1. At that time he entered the employ
of Mr. P. West and for one year was engaged as exer-
cising boy. It took him only a short time to learn how
to ride, and his employer gave him a number of mounts
before his first year was up. On Major Lee he won two
races. Being offered a position to ride for Mr. Henry
Colston, who had at that time several good horses in
his stable, Haggins allied himself to the fortunes of that
owner and was successful in winning a few good races.
His next engagement was with Mr. William Stoops, in
1884, the most prominent horses of that stable being
Little Fred, with whom he won fifteen straight races,
and Templar, whom he rode in six winning finishes.

For a second season, in 1885, he rode for Mr. Stoops
with quite as good success as in 1884. Next he rode
for Messrs. Bloom & Co., and was seen on such horses
as Little Minch and Jim Gore. Returning to the stable
of Mr. Stoops the following season, he again served his
employer well, his most notable wins being on Warren-
ton and Glenbrook, both ,at the Louisville Spring Meet-

■*«%

BUD HAQQINS

ing. He has also ridden latterly for Mr. Frank Seaman.
His riding weight at present is about 1 12 pounds.

414

THE AMERICAN TURF

Hurdle riding demands even more from tiie jockey
tiian racing on the flat, while the enjoyment by the public
of the former variety of sport depends as much on the
riders as the horses. It is the distinction of James J.
Mara that he is one of the capable American jockeys who
have made steeplechasing their specialty. He is cer-
tainly a daring rider, but joins to this a needful amount of
skill and coolness that have had much to do with the re-
pute that he has achieved.

Born March 26, i866, in New York City, Mara was
educated in the public schools and in 1881 entered the
establishment of .Mr. Pierre Lorillard, where he served
under Messrs. Anthony Taylor and Matthew Byrnes. He
next worked for the Dwyer Brothers, when Mr. James
G. Rowe had charge of their string, and while filling the
engagement his chief duty was to exercise Runnymede
and Miss Woodford. After that he was employed by
Mr. John Connelly, and in 1885 began to ride overtimber
for Mr. M. Danaher, thus taking up the line in which he
has distinguished himself. Successful from the outset
and showing remarkable aptitude for his work, he ob-
tained mounts on many noted jumpers, and in 1887 won
the Grand National Steeplechase at Cedarhurst, on Major
Pickett. Among other horses on which he rode win-
ning races have been Buckra, Duke of Westmoreland,
Flushing, Midgley, The Rat, on which he took four
straight races; Mars Chan, and in fact all the cracks of
their class in the East. He has also visited California,
where he rode races for Mr. W. S. Hobart and Mr. W,
O'B. McDonough. On the California track he won six
races out of nine starts on Berna. More recently he was

Steeplechase riders are not so numerous in this country
that they crowd each other. Nevertheless, the few who

JAMES J. MARA

engaged with the string of jumpers owned by Mr. Fred-
erick Gebhard, and won many races for that gentleman.

LESLIE H. DUNLAP

are adepts in this style of riding have shown themselves
to be very skilful. Leslie H. Dunlap, one of this class,
is a native of Ireland, where he was born in 1868. His
entire professional life has been passed on this side of the
Atlantic, upon the courses in the United States and
Canada and with the jumpers he has played a leading
part. He was but fifteen years of age when Mr. John
Rucker engaged him as an exercise boy and later on he
rode that gentleman's horses in their races.

Three years with Mr. Rucker and two years with Mr.
Edward Corrigan brought him to the beginning of his
career as a steeplechase jockey. In this capacity he was
employed successfully by Messrs. Adolph Gates, William
Hendrie, Nathaniel Dyment, W. C. Hayes. J. P. Dawes
and others, his most recent engagement being with the
last named gentleman. He has trained and ridden some
of the best over-timber horses in this country, among
them Pat Oakley, Flip Flap, Major Pickett, Hercules, Bob
Thomas, Winslow and a host of others. Sooner or later
nearly all the great steeplechase stake events have fallen
to him, as a result of his courageous, skilful riding,
among them the Walker Cup at Hamilton, Ont., the In-
dependent Stakes at Sheepshead Bay and the Stock Yard
Stakes at Chicago. He has also been the owner of Fred
Burlew, Pay or Play and Waterproof.

415

THE AMERICAN TURF

Since in racing it is essential to be able to ride at
certain weiglits, tliat jockey is most valuable who can
ride at less than lOO pounds than are those whose
weight exceeds that mark. The lightweight has one in-
estimable advantage over his heavier rivals, since he can
carry sufficient metal to make up the deficient weight
whenever necessary, and is not under strain in being
compelled to reduce his natural weight. Among the
lightweight riders who have this important advantage
John Donnelly has had an excellent reputation. He was
born at Port Richmond, Pa., in 1878. Beginning his
turf career in the stable of Mr. John O'Neil as exercise
boy, he acquitted himself remarkably well during the
four years that he remained with that turfman. His good
form attracted the attention of other horsemen, and
his services were next sought by that well-known
owner, Mr. James Shields. In securing Donnelly Mr.
Shields added a competent assistant to his stable staff,
for the youngster continued for several seasons to per-
form very well indeed upon many good horses. His
riding weight was 95 pounds, and he made a satisfactory
appearance in important events. He was seen on such
horses as Rosebud, Mt. MacGregor, Colonel Wheeler,
Salisbury, Set Fast, Rosedale and others. To his credit
have been placed the honors of many races which he
won by his clever horsemanship. Although his career
has not been long or eventful when compared with that

Among the lightweight jockeys of the present time
Henry J. Harris is included. He was born in Richmond,

HENRY J. HARRIS

JOHN DONNELLY

of some others, he has proved himseh to be a very
capable and useful rider and a great public favorite.

Va., September 9, 1876. Educated in the public schools
of his native city, he engaged with the stable of Mr. R.
Bradley in 1891. Exercising in that owner's establish-
ment, and also in that of Mr. J. J. Carroll, he ultimately
came to riding, being particularly engaged by Mr.
Andrew Thompson, just previous to the death of that
well-known horseman. Mr. William Lakeland then
secured his services, and in the employ of that noted
turfman Harris continued his career, thus so favorably
begun. While Mr. Lakeland has had the first call upon
him, he also has been employed to ride for several other

.^„ , prominent stables, winning some good races.

'flH|H Among the noted runners on which he has been
mounted have been Panway, Eastertide, Concord, De-
cide, Brighton, Hornpipe and Winged Foot, while it
would be easy to extend this list to a much greater
length. He has always had that prime advantage of
light weight to which he has added the admirable quali-
fication of a clear head and good judgment. Although
he has not been seen frequently in the saddle, his merit
has not been overlooked by some close observers of
racing, who express the hope that he may have many
chances to distinguish himself according to his merit.
In Mr. Lakeland he has had one of the best instructors
that the American turf could offer to an ambitious boy,
and he should profit well by that opportunity.

416

THE AMERICAN TURF

The youngsters are crowding so fast for places in the
saddle these latter days that it is beginning to be a little

EDWARD MINTER

difficult to keep track of them. The turf has expanded
so much, both as respects the number of race courses
that are in successful operation and the number of
horses that are annually in training and running, that an
unprecedented demand for good lightweight riders has
sprung up, and has so enlarged that the supply, no mat-
ter how generous that may be, does not fully keep
pace. Although not all of these lads succeed in pre-
eminently distinguishing themselves, and become a
Sloan or a Taral, most of them prove to be capable and
useful. There is always a place for the first-class rider,
and there is also abundant demand tor those who may
be able to take rank in only second or third place.
Fortunate it is, however, that all these lads hopefully as-
pire to a foremost position. There are few of them whose
ability and training do not justify such aspiration.

It becomes interesting to keep watch of this small
army of boys. There is no fear that, however numerous
they may be in numbers, the turf can ever have too
many of them. Another one of these newcomers is Ed-
ward Minter, who was born at Meldale, Ky., and began
exercising horses at Latonia. He has been connected
with the stables of Messrs. George Webb, B. Moran, A.
Newman and others, and for one season was employed
by Mr. M. F. Dwyer. He has shown great proficiency,
and is regarded as a very promising lightweight. His
career has been altogether in the West, but he is likely
to be soon seen on the Eastern tracks.

In the course of his professional career, John F. Barrett
has had a wide experience, and has gained a deservedly
high reputation. He was born in Jersey City, N. J.,
April 24, 1874, and attended school in that place and in
New York City. His racing life began by exercising
horses for Mr. Jeter Walden, where he acquired con-
siderable knowledge of the art of riding the thorough-
bred, and soon after entered upon his first regular en-
gagement, which was with Mr. Edward Corrigan. In
1888, on the Monmouth Park track, he had his maiden
mount on the mare Katie, but the animal was not placed.
In 1890, he rode his first winning mount on Aunt Jane,
owned by Mr. William Lovell.

After this, his progress was rapid and satisfactory. He
was employed by many owners of prominence, among
whom were Messrs. H. Eugene Leigh, W. B. Haskins,
T. D. Carter, S. W. Parker, and by the noted trainer,
Mr. Thomas F. Barrett, who, it should be said, is his
own cousin. His reputation as a rider was established
long ago, and his record includes the winning of many
stakes at the leading tracks all over the country. He is
still young, and has had a record that has attracted the
leading owners of horses. He was not long ago engaged
to ride for Mr. Levy, of Cincinnati, who had some good
performers in his stable. In the ordinary course of

JOHN F. BARRETT

events Barrett has betore him many years in which he
should be able to bestride the pigskin with success.

417

THE AMERICAN TURF

Jockeys who have had ten or a dozen years of active life
in the saddle may fairly be set down as substantial fix-
tures in the turf world. In such a class one would nat-
urally place William Penn, who has been so long attached
to the stable of the Messrs. Morris, that he must be re-
garded as one of the permanent fixtures of that establish-
ment. He was born in New Orleans, July i8, 1873.
When he was a boy fourteen years of age, he found em-
ployment in the Morris Stable, where he naturally began
as an exercise boy. When he started to ride in races he
weighed only about seventy-two pounds and soon
showed himself a very skilful lightweight. For the
Messrs. Morris, as well as other owners, he has won a
great many races. First he had the mount in affairs of
lesser consequence, but his success was such that it
early gained him recognition and the opportunity to ride
in more important races where he was further success-
ful. His engagements took him throughout the coun-
try, and he has long been a familiar figure on all the prin-
cipal tracks of the United States. His present riding
weight is about 107 pounds. He is a strong rider and a
master horseman, able to manage the most obstreperous
animals and to get out of his mounts the best of which
they are capable. His services are always in great de-
mand when he can be spared from the Morris Stable, and
he has often done better than some jockeys popularly
held as being at the head of their company.

Known to the racing world by his middle name of
Coley, as well as his proper name, J. Coley Thompson
holds a favorable position among the jockeys of our
day. He was born at Nashville, Tenn. , November 11,
1881. He has to a good degree that balance and judg-
ment described as " an old head on young shoulders,"
while among the other elements which contribute to his
success in the profession, he is unusually well educated,
far more so than the greater number of youths now
riding on the tracks of this country. Up to the time, a
few years ago, when he came upon the tui1'. he attended
school regularly and was an intelligent and careful
student. His first mount was on La Creole, and in the
race he finished third, not a bad beginning for a novice.
His first winning mount was on Judith G., and his first
regular turf engagement was with Edward Brown.
This connection lasted from December, 1895, till Novem-
ber, 1896, and afterward he united with the stable of
John E. Madden. For the period that he has been a
knight of the pigskin, he has had an unusually varied ex-
perience and has had mounts on a very large number of
performers of reputation. As examples of the horses
which he has ridden and brought to the front in their
races, Judith C, Woodbury, Corrigan, Lady Doleful,
Margaret, Carrie L., Connie Lee and Robert Bonner may
be mentioned, though the record could be extended
much further and still be abundant in interest.

As a jockey in his earlier years, and later as a trainer,
George Hanawalt has had a connection with the turf
that is interesting and suggestive. He is a native of
Chicago, born July 27, 1874. He was thirteen years old
when, in 1887, he made his first stable connection
with Mr. C. M. Shields. For that owner he first exer-
cised and then began to ride, meeting with good suc-
cess. From the stable of Mr. Shields he went to that of
Mr. M. M. Allen and still later rode for Messrs. Simon
W. Keid, Frank Regan, Burns & Waterhouse, J. Kneale,
and others. His career as a jockey called out the
frequent commendation of his employers. When he
chose to retire from active work in the saddle he had a
clean and honorable record to his credit. Notwithstand-
ing the satisfactory results of his jockeyship, he preferred
the profession of training and for that reason has in his
later years very largely abandoned riding. His judgment
regarding a horses's condition and the best way to bring
him into good form is much more than ordinarily good.
During the two years or more that he has been with the
stable of Mr. Frank Regan he has had the handling of
many good animals that, under his charge, are almost
invariably brought to the post in the pink of condition,
and have been repeatedly returned winners. Nor are
his ambitions entirely fulfilled as yet, for he aims even-
tually to take a further step forward and to enter the
ranks of owners.

Although born in England, John W. Hothersall has
spent his entire life in the United States. His acquaint-
ance with the thoroughbred began in 1892 in the stable
of Mr. John Daly. la that establishment and after-
ward with Mr. J. S. Campbell and with Mr. J. M. Jeff-
cot, he continued to be employed in exercising. Then
he was attached as a jockey to the stables of Messrs.
George F. Smith, Samuel C. Hildreth, and M. F. Ste-
phenson, and finally with the stable of Mr. William C.
Daly. He is a good lightweight, riding at about 92 or 93
pounds, has a firm seat in the saddle, and is able to get
as much out of the animal that he is astride of as any
man. Recently he has been upon the Western tracks.

Born in Canada, in 1866, Gustavus Hamilton began
his racing experience in the Dominion in the stable of
Mr. John White, the Canadian turfman. Afterward, in
the stable of Mr. E. J. Campbell, he began riding jump-
ers and made that a specialty. He was engaged from
time to time with many prominent owners, including
Messrs. A. E. Gates, Edward Corrigan and J. G. K.
Lawrence, and latterly with Mr. John Nixon, until his
retirement. He was a jockey strictly conservative in
his methods, and at his home in Toronto, as well as
upon all the great race courses in the United States and
Canada, has always been held in the highest esteem
among turfmen, being regarded as one of the safest and
most reliable jockeys of his time.

418

MEN OF THE TURF

MEN OF THE TURF

The Speculative Side of Racing and Those Prominent In It — Veterinary Science and

Its Work for the Thoroughbred — Starters and Other

Officials of the Track

EADERS who have thus far followed the history
'S^ of the American turf that has been presented
"^l\ in the preceding pages- can scarcely have failed
"^ to be impressed with the magnitude of the in-

terests involved in this great national institu-
tion. Not only, as has been seen, are vast amounts of
capital at stake in supporting breeding establishments,
racing stables and race tracks, but a great variety of other
interests are also involved, either directly or indirectly.

The breeders of national reputation; the owners whose
stables contribute to the importance of racing meetings;
the trainers to whose intelligent efforts the perfect con-
dition of the running thoroughbreds must be credited;
the racing oftkials to whose careful direction and su-
pervision is due in large measure the success of our great
tracks; the jockeys, who, brilliant in varied colored silk
jacket and cap, are picturesque, hard-working and capable
in their efforts to please the public and to bring profit
to their employers; each of these classes constitutes
by itself a regiment, if not indeed even an army. An
idea of the great numbers of men engaged in these
respective pursuits and of the wide importance of their
activity in developing modern racing and in maintaining
it in that high state of perfection which is the delight of
tne public, has undoubtedly been clearly gained by those
who have followed our accounts of these branches of
turf life and of the gentlemen prominent in them.

But a comprehensive review of the turf and of those
associated with it cannot thus be brought to a conclu-
sion. There are hundreds, perhaps thousands of others,
who, if in some respects less conspicuous than those in
the classes just referred to, are in no sense less important
members of the racing fraternity or less meritorious in
the character of their work. In this list must be included
a large company of those whose particular duty it is to
look after the welfare of the thoroughbreds in many
ways; to direct the affairs of racing meetings, and to
attend to many of the needs of owners and the public in
connection with racing associations and meetings.

In this connection we cannot overlook one side of rac-
ing affairs that has barely been touched upon in these
pages, and yet which has always been of vital moment
to the prosperity of the turf. Reference is made, of
course, to the betting, which in these latter days has
become a science and is scarcely less essential to the

421

very existence of the turf than is breeding or racing.
The time was, and that, too, not so very long ago,
when betting in connection with racing was carried on
in a very haphazard fashion, and, it must be confessed,
was fraught with manifold evil. As the turf grew in
importance and the patronage bestowed upon it increased
to tens of thousands where previously there had been
hundreds or thousands, the necessity of reform in the
manner of conducting betting in connection therewith
and the demand for reasonable regulations that should
conserve the interests of the racing associations, the
public and the betting fraternity, became clearly appar-
ent. The warfare made upon the pool-rooms some
years ago and other movements in this matter empha-
sized the demand of the hour and led up to the institu-
tion of many important reforms and to the establishment
of betting under the new system as it now exists.

As conducted at the present time, under reasonable
regulations and restrictions and subject to the watchful
attention of gentlemen whose greatest care is for the
welfare of the turf, bookmaking in connection with our
great tracks has become a well established institution
that generally commends itself. The bookmakers who
are principally connected with the metropolitan tracks
constitute a notable company of men. They are shrewd
observers, have keen business instincts, and their trust-
worthiness and reliability is fully evidenced by the con-
fidence that is placed in them by the managers of the
various racing associations and by the public that freely
places its money in large amounts upon the events of the
different meetings.

The Metropolitian Turf Association has on its roll of
membership those who are undoubtedly foremost in the
United States in this particular line of business. Mem-
bership in this association is a guarantee to the public of
the responsibility of those who control the business of
the betting ring. Most of these members have had long
and honorable connection with bookmaking, and their
association for mutual advantage and for the proper
regulation of the traffic has unquestionably redounded to
the public benefit. The names of these gentlemen are
well worth -presentation as showing the character of
those in whose hands are such large and important
monetary interests, and in whom the public daily re-
poses the utmost confidence. In this list appear the

THE AMERICAN TURF

names of T. B. Alexander, W. E. Applegate, Jr., J. Beat-
tie, F. Belanger, W. Beverly, Max Blumenthal, F.
Brower, T. A. Brown, E. Burke, S. J. Burke, E. J.
Callahan, R. A. Canfield, George Carlin, J. B. Coleman,
W. J. Connor, F. Cowan, E. Croker, W. H. Crouchen,
John Daly, Hayden Dargon, J. Davey, R. H. Davis,
D. Donnelly, P. H. Downey, N. J. Doyle, F. A. Duffy,
John Duffy, C. F. Dwyer, F. Eckert, C. W. Emerson,
S. Emery, S. Fisher, F. W. Flood, Max Franks, S. Franks,
J. Frye, E. Gaines, D. Gideon, L. Gilbert, M. Goodwin,
C. R. Grannan, Joseph Guthorn, I. Hakelberg, William
Harbaum, H. Harrigan, Henry Harris, C. F. Heineman,
W. Heineman, C. E. Heney, P. Howell, J. O. Hughes,
R. G. Irving, E. P. Jones, O. A. Jones, A. Kaufman, J.
Keys, M. Klien, J. P. Korn, G. Kunzeman, A. G. Lack-
man, M. Leon, A. J. Levy, S. Lichenstein, T. Lloyd,
J. London, M. M. Looram, W. J. Mackin, W. F. Mac-
Namara, J. A. Mahoney, E. N. Marks, M. Marks, James
McCullom, J. E. McDonald, B. Michaels, George Middle-
ton, M. Minden, J. J. Murphy, J. Nagle, P. Nagle, T. E.
Nagle, C. Nelson, W. E. Nixon, T. O'Brien, D. J.
O'Connor, J. J. O'Neill, E. Pearsall, 'W. H. Peters, H.
Quinn, M. Reardon, J. P. Robinson, R. L. Rose, H.
Schopps, P. J. Shannon, T. H. Shannon, E. L. Smith, L.
H. Snell, William Snow, H. Stedeker, T. G. Sullivan, S.
Summerfield, L. Swatts, R. P. Tebo, C. H. Thompson,
L S. Thompson, W. J. Torpie, A. Ullman, J. Ullman, J.
C. 'Van Ness, J. H. Vendig, G. Walbaum, N. P. Walda-
man, A. Wall, C.Walters, J. C.Walters, G. A. Wheelock,
B. Wolf, F. M. Woods. The Governing Committee of
the Association consists of E. N. Marks, O. A. Jones, H.
Stedeker, G. A. Wheelock and S. Lichenstein. The
members of the Arbitration Committee are R. L. Rose,
T. G. Sullivan and E. M. Gaines. The secretary is T. G.
Sullivan, and the treasurer, E. N. Marks.

Coming to the consideration of another branch of turf
affairs, we are strikingly impressed with the fact that no
profession is of more importance in this particular con-
nection than that of the veterinary. It has remained for
the nineteenth century to develop this science to the
high position that it now holds. Particularly the estab-
lishment of veterinary schools in Great Britain has done
much to educate a class of physicians for this pursuit
and well equipped with special knowledge. In the
United States veterinary science has in recent years kept
fair pace with the advancement that has been made in
Great Britain and elsewhere. In all the large cities of the
country veterinary schools have been established. Sev-
eral of our large universities, like Cornell, Columbia,
Pennsylvania, Harvard and others have veterinary schools
or chairs with competent teachers. The practitioners
that have come from these institutions and also those
who have acquired a practical knowledge of the treat-
ment of horse ailments constitute a body of accomplished

men who have been of invaluable service to owners of
thoroughbreds. In a volume of this character it is im-
possible to give more than a mere passing attention to
the subject, with a reference, presently, to several of the
leading exponents of this branch of medical practice.

Racing and track officials constitute a large and influ-
ential class. Some of them have been already consid-
ered. Others there are whose duties are scarcely less
important, and who contribute in their respective ways
to the success of every meeting. It may be invidious to
select any particular one from this class of minor officials;
but, nevertheless, it seems only just to pay passing trib-
ute to the work of the starter, a hard-working and often
much-abused individual. Perhaps no position at the
race course is less enviable than that of the man who
wields the flag. No starter ever lived who gave general
satisfaction to the public, and it is extremely doubtful if
that phenomenal individual will ever be born. Some
good and strong men have held the position on Ameri-
can tracks. In days gone by there were Messrs.
Wheatly, Grouse, Connor, Simmons, Sheridan and
several others whose names should be readily
recalled.

In the immediate present we have had a goodly number
of starters who have compared favorably with those who
preceded them, and have done as well as could be ex-
pected of any in that supremely difficult position.
As late as 1897, Mr. C. H. Pettingill officiated as starter
at all the metropolitan tracks, and he was in turn suc-
ceeded by Mr. C. J. Fitzgerald. In recent times Mr.
William J. Fitzpatrick, during the latter years of his life,
officiated at Saratoga, Washington and elsewhere. On
the Pacific Coast Mr. R. J. Harvey and Mr. J. B. Fergu-
son have been conspicuous in this official class. Mr. C.
J. Fitzgerald has also started the races at New Orleans;
Mr. C. Chinn at Memphis, Tenn. ; Mr. J. P. Chinn for
the Kentucky Association at Lexington, and also for the
Latonia Jockey Club; Mr. Phil Gilman, at Nashville,
Tenn., and for the Highland Park Club, of Detroit; Mr.
W. P. Maxwell at St. Louis; Mr. H. G. Brown for the
Queen City Jockey Club at Cincinnati; Mr. W. P.
Maxwell for the Little Rock Jockey Club; Mr. J. F. Cald-
well for the Detroit Jockey Club, and Mr. J. B. Ferguson
for the Butte and Anaconda, Mont., meetings.

Further consideration of these and other individuals
connected with racing in official and professional capac-
ity would be agreeable, did time and space permit.
Enough has already been said, perhaps, to sufficiently
indicate the variety and the great and growing impor-
tance of these branches of turf activity. A review of the
careers of some of the foremost individuals in their
respective classes will, it is believed, conclusively
demonstrate the force of the propositions already
enunciated.

422

THE AMERICAN TURF

Instances of peniKinent piotlt in backing horses are
proverbially scarce. in fact the number ot those who,
in this connection, have attained more than a temporary
seed fortune could be easilv reckoned, while thousands
fail to wind up as much as a single season without loss.
Taking these things into consideration, the success of Mr.
George A. Wheelock has been remarkable. He is indeed
one of the very few
who have accom-
plished such a result,
and is looked upon as
one of the shrewdest
and most careful men
in his line. Giving,
however, his entire
time and attention to
his business, the re-
sults he has secured
can be ascribed in
large measure to that
fact. At the same
time, it cannot be lost
sight of that the pos-
session of a high or-
der of ability, a com-
plete knowledge of all
the details of racing
and betting and a
thorough acquaint-
ance with horseflesh,
have been substantial
and important ele-
ments contributing to
his success.

Mr. Wheelock was
born in St. Louis, Mo.,
September 26, 1858,
He came of an excel-
lent family, his parents
being well connected
both in New York and
Boston. He was care-
fully educated, gradu-
ating from the High
School of his native
city in 1876, and it
was the desire of his
father, who was a

prominent merchant, that he should enter Yale College.
As a youth, however, his inclinations were strongly set
toward the domain of sport. Especially, he early de-
veloped ability as a billiard amateur, playing himself and
taking great interest in organizing matches.

His speculations in connection with the turf began in

GEORGE A. WHEELOCK

1882, and four years later he became a bookmaker at
Washington Park, Chicago, having as associates the
notable Western turfmen, Messrs. E. J. Baldwin and
George Hankins. While this connection put him in
possession of many stable secrets, he soon discovered the
comparative uselessness of such information and, princi-
pally for this reason, the partnership with Mr. Hankins

was dissolved. Com-

ing to the East with

Mr. Baldwin, he fol-
lowed the hitters'
horses. The follow-
ing season was spent
by him at the South in
association with
Captain John Hardy
and Mr. J. Daniel
Hutchison, the last
named gentleman and
Mr. Wheelock finally
joining Mr. Baldwin
once more at Chicago.
It was not until
1888, however, that
Mr. Wheelock began
to make money on a
considerable scale.
While making a book
at New Orleans he
met two New York
betting men, Charles
Aikens and Percy Gil-
lies, who had a theory
upon handicapping
which they communi-
cated to him, and he,
though finding their
plan impracticable,
derived benefit from it
in combination with
his own ideas, in the
ensuing season net-
ting some $140,000
from his operations.
In the next year he
had five books in
operation, but reduced
the number to two, his
own and that ot Wheelock & Harris. Both Mr. Harris
and Mr. Leo Meyer were employees of Mr. Wheelock
and, graduating to the block, became successful. It is al-
ways essential that the public should deal with respon-
sible bookmakers, and the prominence of such men as
Mr. Wheelock is of importance to all who follow racing.

423

THE AMERICAN TURF

Irving is one of the substantial old-

Mr. Robert

time turfmen. A native of England, he was born in
London, but his entire life, from the time of his infancy,
has been passed in America. His interest in outdoor
sports was shown early in his career, although its mani-
festation in the direction of racing was not at first dis-
played. After his school days, when he came to enter
upon active life for himself, he learned the trade of
boat building. In that pursuit he was engaged for
many years. During the Civil War, he rendered the
United States Government exceedingly valuable service
on more than one occa
sion in matters pertain-
ing to his trade.

It is going on a quar-
ter of a century, at least,
since Mr. Irving began
to feel an interest in turf
matters. At first, he
merely had an intimate
acquaintance with many
people who were con-
cerned in racing, and
gradually felt himself
drawn in that direction.
Nevertheless, until about
1881, he continued in
the business pursuit that
had engrossed his atten-
tion up to that time.
Finally, taking a special
liking to racing affairs,
and becoming thor-
oughly imbued with the
idea that he could be
successful in connection
therewith, he embarked
with a small capital,
and had most gratifying
results from the outset.
His first venture was
about the time when
Leonatus won the Ken-
tucky Derby, and that
great mare Thora broke

down. During his long and active career, Mr. Irving has
made more than one brilliant coup. He has been a care-
ful, conservative bettor, but his conservatism has not
held him back from making many strong plays. Prob-
ably, in the course of his experience, he has won over a
quarter of a million dollars. In one year alone, that of
1887, he cleaned up some $93,000. He has figured on
the betting side of most of the notable turf events of
this period. When Longstreet beat Tenny, his win-

ROBERT G. IRVING

nings were some $18,000. He was less fortunate, how-
ever, when Salvator won the Realization, defeating
Tenny by a head, for he was on the losing side on that
occasion, standing to win $30,000 on Tenny. Under
the present system of betting, he has not always been
as successful as he could desire, for he acknowledges to
having lost in bad accounts some $18,000. Neverthe-
less, despite this experience, he prefers, on the whole,
the style of betting now in vogue, and considers that in
some respects it showed a marked improvement over
the methods that have generally prevailed in the past.

Mr. Irving has en-
joyed the confidence of
the leading turfmen of
the present generation,
for most of whom he
has transacted business,
and always to the satis-
faction of both parties.
For three years, he
placed Mr. Michael F.
Dwyer's commissions.
Not long ago, his name
was brought more
prominently than ever
before to public atten-
tion in connection with
the discussion as to
the legal status of bet-
ting. It will probably
be readily recalled that
one Joseph Britton was
sued by Mr. Irving. The
suit was brought for the
ultimate purpose of se-
curing a decision from
the highest courts of the
State as to the legality of
a gambling debt. Judge
Pryor, before whom the
case was first tried, held
that the racing law was
unconstitutional. On ap-
peal, the case was taken
to Judge Gaynor, who
overruled the decision of Judge Pryor. Later on, how-
ever, the Court of Appeals decided against Judge
Gaynor, and upheld the decision of Judge Pryor.

Noted for his upright business methods and for the
integrity that has characterized his life, Mr. Irving has a
large acquaintance with racing people, by whom he is
held in high esteem. In addition to his own capital, he
has handled large sums for other people, with generally
successful results.

424

THE AMERICAN TURF

It will not escape notice that many men wiio iiave
been prominently connected with the betting interests of
the turf have had previous experience in business mat-
ters. They are generally trained men who, with sound
general education, have also the additional advantage
that comes from thorough knowledge of business
methods and a more or less intimate acquaintance with
commercial life. This affords a substantial foundation for
the successful upbuilding of the particular turf connection
atwhich they aim. The
shrewdness, capacity
and industry that is
necessary in all busi-
ness affairs, and fa-
miliarity with mone-
tary questions are the
indispensable factors
in all racing specula-
tion. Moreover, the
powers of keen obser-
vation and of quick
conclusions that be-
long to bright busi-
ness men are those
most in demand in
the making of a suc-
cessful turf speculator.

Mr. Joseph H. Ven-
dig is another illustra-
tion of the proof of
the above proposition.
He was born in Phila-
delphia, August 15,
i860, and his first ex-
perience with racing
began in 1879. Al-
though only nineteen
years of age at that
time, he was already
the possessor of a
good education, and
had also profited by
business experience.
His father was a busi-
ness man of Philadelphia, and there he was first en-
gaged as clerk and still later as traveling salesman.
But even at this early age racing seemed to hold out
more inducements to him than business, and, leaving the
road, he began the career in which he has since attained
such distinction.

His debut was at the opening meeting of the Brighton
Beach Racing Association, and from that time on he has
been a conspicuous figure among the bettors and book-
makers of the track.

For many years he has been recognized as one of the
nerviest and most energetic sportsmen of the day.
Besides betting for himself, he has been entrusted with
a great deal of business by prominent turfmen, who
have had the fullest confidence in his capacity, good
judgment and integrity. For a period of seven years,
extending from iSgo to 1897, he was the commissioner
for Mr. Michael F. Dwyer. In his capacity as commis-
sioner for other notable individuals, he has placed some

of the largest bets
ever laid upon the
race track, and his
general success has
become proverbial.

Nor has Mr. Ven-
dig confined his at-
tention in racing mat-
ters to the betting
ring exclusively.
During the seasons of
• 1892 and 1893 he was
a member of the firm
of O. A. Jones & Co.,
that owned several
good horses, and the
success that the
stable achieved was
in no small measure
due to his judgment
in regard to the value
of thoroughbreds and
in directing their rac-
ing. Among the best
horses of that firm
were Leonawell, Dr.
Wilcox and Beck.

Mr. Vendig has also
been interested in
other sporting affairs
outside of racing.
He managed the
celebrated Corbetl-
Mitchell fight, and it
was through his per-
sonal effort, notwithstanding the opposition of the au-
thorities, that the fight finally took place in Florida. He
was a half owner of the Florida Athletic Club at one
time and was also connected with the Maher-Fitzsim-
mons fight, which was brought to a successful con-
clusion by him. In regard to betting at the race
track, which absorbs most of his time and- attention,
he does not think that the present system can be
in any wise improved upon, as compared with old-
time methods.

JOSEPH H. VENDIG

425

THE AMERICAN TURF

Few men have had a more notably dazzling career in
connection with the betting side of racing than Mr.
Charles R. — or " Riley "—Grannan. His reputation
among turfmen is as widely extended as the United
States, and he is one of the few of the present day in
his particular line of business concerning w:hom the
public has the greatest curiosity. For several years
past he has been one of the most sensational "plun-
gers" known to the American turf. By choice, instinct,
training and circum-
stance he has become
associated with the
speculative side of
horse racing, and
upon that particular
subject no man of his
age has had a wider
experience or a more
practical knowledge.
He is a native of the
town of Paris, Ken-
tucky, and was born
some thirty years ago.
Although the Blue
Grass State has fur-
nished many notable
turfmen to the coun-
try, as breeders, own-
ers or trainers, it
probably never sent
forth a more striking
illustration of pluck
and of energy than
exists in the person
of Mr. Grannan.

Having his own
way to make in the
world, this young
Kentuckian started
out for himself at the
age of twelve. With
the natural fondness
forhorses that belongs
to all natives of Ken-
tucky he drifted into ■ . •
association with racing and sold programmes at running
meetings, making quite a little money. He alsqbegan
betting, and in a small way was fairly successful. Be-
fore he was seventeen years of age he went to New
Orleans, where he was employed in the St. Charles
Hotel. There he attracted the attention of Bookmaker
Botay, with whom he became associated. His first
real start in his brilliant career began, however, in
connection with Mr. William E. Applegate, one. of the

prominent horsemen and bookmakers. Applegate had
the fullest confidence in the ability of the bright, alert
young man, and gave him assistance in starting at
Memphis, Tenn. , what was undoubtedly the first field
book ever made in the West. Grannan received part
of the profits of the venture and the book was con-
tinued throughout the Western circuit to the eminent
satisfaction of both gentlemen, for the youthful partner
was a close observer and his shrewdness and courage

brought big returns.

After two or three

years' experience in
this field he acquired
sufficient capital to
go in among the big
layers in the regular
ring and started on
the phenomenal
career that has
brought him so con-
spicuously not only
before the turf public
but before outsiders
as well.

He has, in recent
years, been the central
figure of some of the
most sensational
events connected with
the betting ring.
There has been a
great deal of talk,
especially in the
newspapers, about his
fabulous winnings,
much of which, as he
says, are largely
flights of fancy. Nev-
ertheless, he is not
averse to admitting
that at times he has
won very heavily on
important events.
His betting operations
are conducted on a
large scale, and it has not been unusual for him to win
from $20,000 to $30,000 on a single race.

Naturally, carrying on operations upon such a large
scale, he has several times won and lost a fortune. He
is not an adherent of any system, but relies wholly on
his own judgment, in which he has the most implicit
confidence, and justly so, considering how well it has
served him. He is one of the most modest of men,
wholly averse to notoriety, and a general favorite.

CHARLES R. GRANNAN

426

THE AMERICAN TURF

Some one has said that, like the poet, the bookmai<er
is born, rather than made. Undoubtedly, one must
possess special talent for this avocation, if he expects to
attain even the most moderate degree of success in it.
In many other business pursuits general proficiency in
methods and in experience enables many a man to es-
tablish himself firmly. In the matter of bookmaking,
however, there is no disguising the fact that in addi-
tion to a sound business training the requisites for the
occupation are peculiar to itself To a certain extent
bookmakers are the re-
sult of chance, that is,
they have drifted into
the occupation without
serious and determined
preparation. Neverthe-
less, after their advent
in the calling they must
prove to be possessed
of innate qualities with-
out which they could
by no means hope to
attain success.

To enumerate the
qualities that go to make
up a successful member
of the bookmaking fra-
ternity would be a long
task and would present
some exceedingly in-
teresting considera-
tions. It will not be
possible, however, to
go thus into detail con-
cerning the subject. It
is important, however,
to point out that in or-
der to become a shining
light in the fraternity a
man must be a good
loser. No heed what-
ever other attributes he
may possess, if he is

lacking in that he might Robert

as well be lacking in all.

The conservative, methodical spirit of a business man
are excellent in their way for the bookmaker. In the
general significance of the term, he need in no sense be
a gambler, or to speak more decidedly, he will be more
certain of success if quite averse to the general allure-
ments of chance.

Nevertheless, he must know how to be not only a
good winner, but also a good loser. It is comparatively
easy for a man to retain his equanimity when things are

going well with him. Far more difficult is it to main-
tain an even balance of mind in the face of losses. This
is largely a matter of temperament, and he who pos-
sesses this faculty has that which may be one of the
surest elements of his success and which will be certain
to command the admiration and the envy of his profes-
sional associates, as well as those of the outside public
who know him. Such an individual soon comes to be
a marked figure in the racing world and he receives a
just tribute of confidence, alike from owners and miscel-
laneous bettors. This
is an invaluable capital
for him and is likely
alone to insure him a
prosperous career.
When to this is added
other qualifications, of
keen business insight,
knowledge of horses
that comes from wide
experience and careful
study and a large fa-
miliarity with all the
minutiae of stable and
race track life, the ca-
reer of the individual
thus favored may be
regarded as fairly
mapped out before
him.

Undoubtedly most
members of the betting
fraternity are not only
men of high personal
character, but they are,
to an exceptional de-
gree, possessed of both
the general and the pe-
culiar qualifications to
which reference has
just been briefly made.
One of those in the
field whose operations
are on a large scale,
and concerning whose
career there are many favorable prognostications, is Mr.
Robert P. Tebo. He is a native of the City of Brooklyn,
and has been associated with racing affairs from his
earliest years. After receiving a sound education in the
public schools he made his first venture in business life
in connection with bookmaking at the metropolitan
tracks. For sixteen years he has been thus engaged.
During the last six years he has made a book on all the
Eastern courses and has been very successful.

p. TEBO

427

THE AMERICAN TURF

Although a veteran in all matters pertaining to the
turf, Mr. William H. Peters is still a young man in years.
He is a native of New York City and was born October i,
1865. As a boy he attended the public schools and early
gave evidence of that steadiness, attention to duty and
ability to win success that have been his dominant char-
acteristics throughout life. In his school days he was
known as a diligent student, never missed a promotion
and graduated with credit when he was sixteen years of
age. His entrance upon business life was in Wall street,
where .he became an
employee of a brokerage
firm. His industry and
shrewdness matured
early and he was able to
start independently be-
fore he had attained to
full age.

■ Success crowned his
energy and soon he had
accumulated a consider-
able capital, so that he
was able to retire from
the Street. This gave
him the time and the
means to devote to rac-
ing, which sport had al-
ways possessed a great
fascination for him. At
the time when he began
his career on the turt
publications in the shape
of an index that gave a
guide to the quality of
the work of the equine
performers on the tracks
were rare. Consequently
it was more difficult to
follow the form of the
horses and to reason out
the possibilities in them,
than it is at the present
day. Mr. Peters found
it necessary to stand in

the field and compile an index for himself as a basis for
his betting operations. The habit of close observation
and of careful study of the history of the horses who
passed before him that he thus acquired was the sub-
stantial foundation of his future as a turfman and to it he
has attributed much of his success.

The training that he had secured in his school days
and afterward in Wall street, was now of value to him
and it was not long after he began to follow the races
that the admirable judgment he showed in regard to the

428

WILLIAM H. PETERS

racing qualities of horses attracted general attention. In
1885 he became interested in bookmaking with Mahoney
& Co., whose winnings, due to his judgment, during
the next five years, were very large. In 1890, he began
to make book by himself, having refused the offers of
wealthy turfmen anxious to act as his backers. He has
followed the profession at all the Eastern tracks and en-
joys the confidence and respect of every element in the
racing world, while his reputation with the public is such
that all patrons of the turf are acquainted with his name.

Throughout his turf
experience his success
has been steady. He
acts systematically upon
a theory of his own in
regard to laying and tak-
ing odds, to which he at-
tributes much of his suc-
cess. Although modest
concerning his record he
can recount many re-
markable incidents of
his career. For instance,
once, within a week, he
run up a five dollar bill,
bet on Tea Tray at 10
to I, to $15,000. He
also won $7,000 on
Major Domo at 40 to 1,
$5,000 on Tulla Black-
burn and $15,000 on
Mable Glenn at good
prices. The largest odds
he ever procured was a
bet of $10,000 to $100
on Plenty at the Brook-
lyn track, but Plenty
lost by a nose to By
Jove. Mr. Peters has
owned a number- of
horses at various times,
but preferred not to race
them in his own name
till the season of 1896,
when at last his colors appeared on the track.

Mr. Peters has acquired considerable property includ-
ing real estate in Brooklyn. He resides in a handsome
house on the Park Slope in that city, having another
house at Bensonhurst for the warm weather, while he
also owns a place in Florida to which he repairs with his
wife and children for the winter months. He is a mem-
ber of the Metropolitan Turf Association and has a large
circle of personal friends among turfmen who have con-
fidence in him and have watched his career with interest.

THE AMERICAN TURF

As indicated by iiis name, Mr.Tiiomas Lloyd, tiie popu-
lar sportsman, is of Welch descent. His father, the late
John Lloyd, was a native of North Wales, and emigrated
to this country at an early age. Settling at first in West-
ern New York, he soon came to the metropolis, and was
a successful and highly respected produce merchant,
established for many years in Eighth avenue, and later
in Harlem. Finally retiring from business, he died some
years ago, at the ripe age of seventy-five years.

Mr. Thomas Lloyd was born in New York City, De-
cember 3, 1869. He received an excellent education in
the local schools, and
then h a d his fi r s t
business experience in
the establishment of his
fiither. His fondness for
horses, however, ulti-
mately decided his busi-
ness career, and he in-
vested a portion of his
capital in the De Soto
Stables, one of the
largest places of its kind
in the Harlem district
of the metropolis. In
this connection he
made his first practical
acquaintance with
horses, and his experi-
ence there had much
to do with the ultimate
development of his in-
terest in racing affairs,
in which he has long
been active.

While a mere lad,
Mr. Lloyd took part in
politics, and as a busi-
ness man, interested in
the welfare of the city
and State, and not as a
seeker for office, he has
been an important factor
in the city organization
of the Democratic Party.
He was appointed associate leader of the Tammany or-
ganization in the Thirty-fourth Assembly District in
Harlem, and his popularity and business standing in
that portion of the city where he has always resided is
shown by a flourishing political club, the Thomas
Lloyd Association, which was formed there in 1894, re-
ceived its name in his honor, and has done excellent ser-
vice in the political field.

Mr. Robert S. Lloyd, the younger brother of Mr.

THOMAS LLOYD

Thomas Lloyd, and like the latter, a well-known and en-
thusiastic lover of the turf, was born in New York No-
vember 19, 1865. He also received his education in
local schools, entered business with his father, and sub-
sequently transferred his attention to the livery estab-
lishment with his brother. Both gentlemen inherited
considerable property, which they have increased, and
are capable, energetic and liberal-minded men of affairs.
It was about 1880 that Mr. Thomas Lloyd had his
first active interest in and connection with the turf as an
amateur and follower of the races. He has, to a certain

extent, also been identi-
fied as a capitalist with
the business side of the
sport, and in 1889, be-
came interested with
Mr. Browning and Mr.
Thomas D. Reilly, now
president and own-
er of the Aqueduct
Track. He is a con-
stant attendant at the
races, and bets largely
and with good judg-
ment, often handling
thousands upon a single
race, while he has been
remarkably successful in
such ventures.

Mr. Robert S. Lloyd is
as well known in the
West as in the East,
and, in fact, devotes a
large part of his atten-
tion to racing in the
former section. The
Messrs. Lloyd have
separately or jointly
been the owners of a
number of prominent
race horses. The best of
the animals which have
carried their colors was
probably Worth, who
cost some $10,000 as a
two-year old. Worth won several races at Saratoga,
and netted a handsome return to his owners. They
now have two horses in training, Charles Rose and
Wood Bird, from both of which they expect favorable
results. Both gentlemen are practical and experienced
horsemen, and have an enthusiastic love of sport, as well
as a keen business man's appreciation of the fact that to
be popular, the turf must be kept pure, and in all things
be above the criticism of its opponents.

429

THE AMERICAN TURF

Although Mr, Thomas O'Brienhas speculated in con-
nection with the turf ever since he was able to count
money, and is now one of the ablest, as well as most
successful of the bookmaking fraternity, his early ex-
periences with racing were in schooling and training
jumpers. From this he advanced to the possession of
an interest in some noted animals, more particularly
those adapted to steeplechasing, to which branch of the
sport he gave close attention for several years. To the
fact that he possesses this exact practical knowledge of all
departments of racing
life, is in a large measure
attributable the success
he has made in his pres-
ent profession.

Born in Ireland, March
5, 1862, Mr. O'Brien be-
gan riding when ten
years of age, and has
had no other occupa-
tion apart from horses
and racing throughout
his entire life. He took
part in several Grand
National Steeplechase
races in the days of such
prominent jumpers as
Disturbance, The Lamb,
Shifnal and others, and
coming to America was
identified with the same
division of the sport.
While never assuming
the responsibilities of
controlling a stable of
his own, Mr. O'Brien
has had an interest in
several racers, among
them being animals that
developed into good per-
formers, and not only
made a name for them-
selves, but justified the
confidence of their own-
er by the money they earned for him in their races.

In 1887, Mr. O'Brien began bookmaking publicly, arid
signalized his entry to the professional ranks by a notable
success. His profits in that year from bookmaking and
betting combined were set down as over $100,000, and he
has since given ample evidence that he possesses a com-
bination of good fortune and good judgement that has
placed him on an enviable financial plane. Like all
members of the fraternity, he has had his losses, but oc-
casional reverses do not deter him from following his

THOMAS O'BRIEN

own theories and judgment. His forte has always been
in heavy transactions, requiring both boldness and cap-
ital, in connection with races where he has made a
study of the conditions, and he is satistled to stand by
his convictions. As already indicated, he is a superla-
tive judge of horses and possesses that lifelong knowl-
edge of pedigrees and of the individul peculiarities that
appear in racing animals which to the uninterested seems
almost like an instinct. Besides this, he is popular in
racing circles and has hosts of friends among horsemen

of all classes.

His views upon bet-
ting in connection with
the turf are interesting
and valuable, being those
of an expert. In com-
mon with all close ob-
servers, he holds that
without speculation, the
life of the turf would be
feeble. But he contends
against the popular
and erroneous idea
that the bookmaker is
always a winner at the
end of the season. This
is a very false impres-
sion. In fact, there are
scores of the fraternity
who lose their capital
and never recover it.
It is usually the large
capitalist who survives
the season and retires
with a profit, while the
man who enters the
business with limited
means has only a re-
mote chance of surviv-
ing to the end of a given
racing year. The true
method for the book-
maker is to do legitimate
business based on exact
figures, avoiding the speculation which proves fatal to
so many of them. At the same time the large por-
tion of the public that is so apt to declaim against
the supposed profits of the bookmaker, has, in Mr.
O'Brien's opinion, only itself to blame for its losses. In-
tending bettors, he urges, should measure the extent of
their wagers by their capital and thus be able to increase
their bets to a figure where they can recover their losses
on one race irrespective of whether they have lost on
any number of previous events.

430

AMERICAN TURF

Although Mnssachusetts has never supported the turf,
that Commonwealth has furnished many keen horsemen
and lovers of the thoroughbred. Mr. Charles F. Heine-
man is one of that class, for he was born in the City of
Boston some forty years ago. His parents moved to
New York when he was still young, so that his educa-
tion and youthful associations were entirely with the
metropolis, which has since been his home. He received
a sound education, and was a bright scholar, being par-
ticularly quick with figures. In fact, he gave early indi-
cations of possessing
a mind for mathemat-
ics, which is one of
the necessary ingred-
ients in the make-up
of one destined to be
a follower of the turf
and a factor in its
speculative side.

It was while a
schoolboy of twelve
that Mr. Heineman
first became interest-
ed in the turf. At
that age, he knew
about the leading
horses and was back-
ing his favorites. As
he grew older, the
strong bent of his
predilections asserted
itself, and he was far
from having attained
his majority, when he
was engaged at that
school of American
horsemen and racing
men — old Monmouth
Park, learning the
mystery of bookmak-
ing as it was then
practiced, and mak-
ing a good impres-
sion on the host of
prominent turf people
with whom he was thus brought into contact. He
early reached the upper ranks of his profession, and has
been continually in business on his own account for
about a score of years. During that time, whatever the
vicissitudes of fortune, he has always held the confi-
dence and respect of the racing public and has had a
career that even the most exacting sportsman could be
proud of.
During this period Mr. Heineman has taken part in the

sport every season, and has been present at nearly
every meeting or race of any importance at all the great
Eastern tracks. He has several times made a comfort-
able fortune, and has also experienced the sensation
on several occasions of seeing his fortune take wings to
itself in consequence of the many unexpected and un-
foreseen contingencies that necessarily attend horse
racing. Success he has borne with modesty, and defeat
has been taken with true sportsmanlike pluck, while,
whatever the result, each season has invariably found

him once more in the
betting ring. Taking
the period through
which his experiences
have extended as a
whole, he can look
back to a very satis-
factory record, since
in most of those years
he has made a record
of more or less suc-
cess.

Mr. Heineman's ca-
reer has been full of the
interest that attaches
itself to horses and
horsemen. He has
seen all the great
races of the present
generation, and en-
joys the acquaintance
of many of the most
prominent men in the
turf world, being a
man of steadfast
friendships and sta-
bility of character.
His modesty forbids
the specific mention
of some of the valu-
able happenings in his
own business, when
he has, on occasions,
either won or paid
out fairly princely
sums on a single race, such occasions, as might be sup-
posed, not having been rare in the life of one who has
been so constantly in the harness.

Above all things, Mr. Heineman is a lover of the thor-
oughbred horse. The turf has for him a fascination, and
the subject on which he loves best to hold discourse is
the never-ending one of the merits of the past perform-
ers and the prospects of the newer aspirants for the
honors of the track and stud.

CHARLES F. HEINEMAN

431

THE AMERICAN TURF

Bookmaking has come to be such an important factor
in modern turf life that it has called into the ranks of its
supporters some of the brightest men of this generation.
They have been drawn from various walks of life, but
have principally come from business pursuits to the call-
ing in which they have finally distinguished themselves.
Despite its many exactions and the uncertainty about it,
the speculative side of the turf has always had a large
army of followers and undoubtedly will continue so as
long as the thoroughbred shall be raised and run. The
bookmaker ministers to this demand for betting oppor-
tunities and the history of the turf especially in recent
times, show that he has met
the situation generally in a
way satisfactory to the great
betting public as well as to
himself

It is worthy of note that,
as a rule, successful book-
makers have altogether con-
fined themselves to this one
profession alone. Other
turfmen may in turn be
found as breeders, owners,
trainers or jockeys, or they
may find a field for the ex-
ercise of their talent in offi-
cial connection with racing
associations. With the
bookmaker it is entirely dif- \

ferent. Once in the betting
ring, always in the betting
ring, is almost the inflexible
rule that can be evolved
from a study of this profes-
sion. That may indicate
one of several things. It
certainly shows that the
pleasures and profits of
bookmaking are of suffic-
iently pronounced quantity
to make it easy for its prac-
titioners to resist the allurements of other pursuits. It
may also indicate that the peculiar qualities that fit a
man especially for bookmaking are not those that
would naturally lead him to success in other occupations
connected with the turf however much they might, as
has been demonstrated in many cases, bring him sub-
stantial returns in outside business connections.

Certain it is that bookmakers, as a rule, are very
seldom interested in outside ventures. In fact, they may
become accustomed to look upon thoroughbred per-
formances merely from their own point of view. Un-
doubtedly many of them take as enthusiastic interest in

P^fc- V

FRANK KELLY

brilliant racing as the most devoted turfmen, but, on the
whole, their concern over a race is not so much on ac-
count of the wonderful display of the prowess of the
noble coursers as it is over the relative value of these
performers in a matter of betting results.

On the whole, this characteristic of the bookmaking
profession may be considered an advantage than other-
wise. It certainly leads to concentration of mind upon
a single branch of business. There is no diffusion of effort
and no distraction of thought from the one thing that,
in the bookmaker's opinion, is of the highest impor-
tance. This is one great secret of the bookmaker's suc-
cess. It is also of service to
the public, which is depend-
ent in no small measure upon
the acuteness of the man
who handles its money in
betting and his application
to the business before him.

Years of experience in this
particular pursuit certainly
sharpen a man's wits and
gradually lead him to that
complete concentration of
attention upon his business
that is so important. Among
those gentlemen who are
prominent to-day in this
fraternity, and who are good
examples ofthis.proposition,
is Mr. Frank Kelly. He has
given his entire lifetime to
this occupation. He was
born at Cincinnati, O., and
when only eighteen years of
age entered the business as a
commissioner for Mr. Will-
iam E. Applegate, the noted
Western turfman, who in
this generation has been the
largest owner of the West-
ern Turf Association books,
and whose operations have extended upon all the Western
tracks, including Oakley, Louisville, Latonia, Memphis
and elsewhere. Mr. Applegate has instructed some of
the most noted plungers known to the modern turf, and
his operations, while not of a sensational character, have
always been of considerable importance.

Mr. Kelly places on an average several thousand dol-
lars on a race and often this amount rises into the five
figures. He has been connected with Mr. Applegate for
many years and has a record of having done his work
in the most satisfactory manner. He is extensively and
favorably known throughout the entire country.

432

THE AMERICAN TURF

Patrons of the turf whose love of the thoroughbred
horse and the sport he affords causes them to prefer it
to the more prosaic pursuits of business, and whose
wealth and social position add to the dignity which
racing now enjoys, are no longer lacking in the United
States. Perhaps Mr. Fred Cowan may be taken as an
exemplar of the American man of fortune who devotes
himself to the turf as a recreation and whose pecuniary
interests in it are only incidental to the enjoyment that
he derives from it. At the same time, Mr. Cowan
comes of that prac-
tical New England
stock which has ac-
complished so much for
the American nation in
so many different di-
rections, and taking up
the turf as a pastime
has not prevented him
gaining a substantial
success, such as does
not often fall to the lot
of those who woo its
favors with a persist-
ence born altogether of
the mere idea of gain.

While his family has
now held a distinguish-
ed place in American
business life for three
generations, Mr. Cow-
an's ancestors on the
paternal side were Eng-
lish, while from his
mother he in h eri t s
Scottish blood and de-
termination. His grand-
father was one of those
who established the
manufacturing indus-
tries of the United
States on a firm foun-
dation, having been the
first to introduce some

of the most important mechanisms used in making tex-
tiles in this country. He attained fame and fortune, and
was the founder of the Worcester Mills, at Worcester,
Mass. His son, the father of the subject of this sketch,
was a gentleman of independent fortune. He was one
of the largest landowners in Pennsylvania, and died in
1872, after a long life of retirement, largely passed upon
his country estates.

The City of Washington, D. C, was Mr. Cowan's
birthplace. There he saw the light, January 3, 1863. He

FRED COWAN

was carefully educated by his mother, to whom he has
ever been an attached and devoted son, and prior to at-
taining his majority had a business experience of about
a year in a wholesale mercantile house. A business life,
however, was not to his taste, and an inbred predilection
for horses and the turf led him to devote his attention to
it exclusively. During the last fifteen years he has made
this institution his study and occupation, as well as his
chief pleasure. Observation, experience and close pow-
ers of reasoning have made him one of the best con-
temporary judges of the
capability and perform-
ance of horses, and as a
consequence from the
outset of his connec-
tion with the turf, he
has been exceptionally
successful in his ven-
tures in that connec-
tion.

In fact, during all the
years that he has thus
been occupied, he has
invariably closed the
season with a comfort-
able amount of win-
nings to the credit of
his racing account. One
year only (1897), out
of the entire fifteen, has
ever shown a loss. This
is a record for any turf-
man to be proud of,
and it becomes more of
a tribute to Mr. Cow-
an's knowledge of the
sport, when it is con-
sidered that he is a dar-
ing and emphatic op-
erator when his mind
is made up in regard to
the horses entered for
any event. In the opin-
ion of those competent
to express an opinion and who have noted his career,
he is considered a man of genuine ability.

In addition to his attention to his favorite sport, Mr.
Cowan has employed much of his leisure in travel, and
has visited many parts of the world. While abroad he
studied the turf in the old country, but unlike some
Americans of his own social and financial position, he
prefers the sport as it is conducted in his own land. He
takes part in the pleasures ot the fashionable social
world in the metropolis and other cities.

433

THE AMERICAN TURF

Born in New York, June 14, 1864, Mr. John G.
Cavanagh has passed all the years of his maturity in con-
nection with racing. In fact, he began his career long
before he had attained to maturity. Left at an early age
entirely dependent upon himself, he secured such edu-
cation as he possesses entirely through his own efforts.
He is in the fullest sense of the word a self-made man
and the success that he has achieved has been due not
alone to his natural ability, but also to his integrity,
uprightness and unremitting application to business.

His experience with the race track was coincident
with the beginning of the second season at Brighton
Beach. His first occupa-
tion was in selling pro-
grammes and in other
work of allied character,
and in that he made con-
siderable money. When
the Brooklyn Jockey Club
opened its track he secured
the privileges of that place
and subsequently pur-
chased the privileges at
Brighton Beach, Clifton, N.
J., Parkway, Providence,
R. I., Washington and
Elizabeth, N. J. These
privileges were of an im-
portant character and Mr.
Cavanagh, by the talent that
he showed in the handling
of the business connected
therewith, made a very dis-
tinct and agreeable reputa-
tion. At the same time he
had the Morris Park pro-
gramme on commission.
After a while some opposi-
tion sprang up to him,
naturally since he was mak-
ing his ventures so success-

ful. The opposition de-
veloped itself at the Eliza-
beth track, and as a result he finally gave up the pro-
gramme privileges and entered upon the business of fur-
nishing supplies to the bookmakers.

His new venture was far from promising, at the outset.
His circulars and personal solicitation for business brought
him a single customer, Mr. W. R. Jones. For an entire
year Mr. Jones was the sole customer that the young
man supplied and even this contract was carried out
only under the gravest difficulties, for he was not per-
mitted to enter upon the track with his goods, but was
obhged to meet his patron at the ferry or outside the

JOHN G. CAVANAGH

gate. At the end of this first year he made a contract
with Mr. James Kelly to look after the minor details of
business for the layers of odds at Morris Park and Sheeps-
head Bay. It was not long before he engaged in the
same capacity at Monmouth Park for Mr. L. O. Appleby
and he also attended to the receiving or to the securing
of such valuable information as the layers of odds rely on
in making their books.

When the Ives' law was abolished in New York and
the Percy-Gray law went into effect, putting betting on
races upon an entirely different footing than it had ever
been before, Mr. Cavanagh made a canvass of the promi-
nent bookmakers to furnish
them with supplies and that
special information
which they might require
as a basis for their business.
The connections that he
thus made gave him a sub-
stantial standing at all the
tracks which were opera-
ted under the rules of The
Jockey Club, and he now
holds important relations
with the bookmaking
fraternity. He has charge
of the betting ring and ex-
ecutes the duties of that im-
portant and trying position
quite to the satisfaction of
the bookmakers and of all
others interested in the right
administration of betting
affairs under the present
law. His activities are not
limited by this engage-
ment, however; he pub-
lishes for the convenience
of the frequenters of the
race track a handy reference
book of the races that are
to be run. This little book
also contains the names of
the reliable bookmakers, all of whom are members of
the Metropolitan Turf Association. Many other details
of a more or less important character, pertaining particu-
larly to the betting ring, are attended to by him with his
corps of assistants, his business having grown so that
he finds it no longer possible to carry it on unaided.

Personally, Mr. Cavanagh is a man of wonderful te-
nacity of purpose, but he is of a quiet, unassuming dis-
position. He has won an enduring and well deserved
popularity with bookmakers and in fact with all fre-
quenters of the track.

434

THE AMERICAN TURF

Although comparatively young, having been born at
Chelsea, Mass., in 1853, there are few men connected
with racing whose history dates back as far as that
of Mr. Frank T. Clarke, the efficient and popular super-
intendent of the Coney island Jockey Club. His expe-
riences began in the days of the founders of Jerome Park,
for he started active life in i8b8 as office boy for the Amer-
ican Jockey Club, then at 920 Broadway, New York.
In 1871, when the club migrated uptown and established
itself opposite the Mad-
ison Square Garden,
young Clarke went with
it. He was placed in
full charge of the sub-
scription rooms, which
were built there and
which became the rac-
ing headquarters of the
country. The rooms
were provided with the
most complete racing
library in America, in-
cluding the valuable col-
lection presented to the
club by James Watson,
which contained the lit-
erature of the English
turf back to the days of
the first Derby, in 1780.
On nights before races
pools were sold at the
rooms, and among the
noted horsemen who
thronged them were
Messrs. William R.
Travers, Leonard and
" Larry " Jerome, Mil-
ton H. Sanford, August
Belmont the elder, Ru-
fusHunt, D. D. Withers,
John Morrisey, James
Watson, Harry Bassett,
Joe Daniel, Fordham
Morris, Frank Morris, frank t

Denison & Crawford

and many other turf magnates who were conspicuous in
that notable period.

Between 1876 and 1883, Mr. Clarke acted as dismount-
ing judge and auctioneer at the Monmouth Park Asso-
ciation, then in the heyday of its success, under the
control of Mr. Withers. In 1879, he left the Jockey Club
office and subscription rooms — it might be called
graduating from the foremost college of racing in Amer-
ica, and became superintendent of the American Jockey

Club, in which position he remained till 1885. He left
that place to become starter at the autumn meeting of the
Coney Island Jockey Club, at Sheepshead Bay, in that
year, and at the close of the meeting accepted the
position of superintendent of the same track, which office
he has filled continuously from that time. He has been
frequently called to give the benefit of his experience in
connection with private tracks, among them being the
establishments of Mr. August Belmont, at Babylon, L. I.,

and of Col. W.P.Thomp-
son, of Brookdale. In
1895, he also took a trip
to California, and had
charge of the remodel-
ing of the Bay District
track at San Francisco.
Several years ago he also
accepted another con-
spicuous position, that
of superintendent of the
National Horse Show at
Madison Square Garden,
and each year since has
discharged the exacting
duties in connection
therewith to the satis-
faction alike of man-
agers, exhibitors and
the public.

An experience as an
owner has not been
lacking in Mr. Clarke's
turf career, though he
regards that rather as a
matter of amusement.
The mare Puzzle and the
horse St. John both ran
at Jerome Park under
his colors of olive and
old gold bars, but nei-
ther won a race while
he was their owner.
As might be supposed,
Mr. Clarke has an end-
less fund of reminiscen-
ces of turf men and matters. On his suggestion, for in-
stance, Jerome Park was the first track to open on Decor-
ation Day, and though a pouring rain came down, the
receipts were the largest since the opening of the course.
Mr. Clarke's residence is a pretty cottage on Ocean
Avenue, Sheepshead Bay. It is full of souvenirs of his
racing career, including a large collection of photo-
graphs of men, horses and scenes which are memorable
in the history of the turf,

CLARKE

435

THE AMERICAN TURF

It would be difficult to find a more responsible post in
connection with racing than that held by Mr. William
A. Gorman, who is superintendent of that wonderful
creation of capital and genius, Morris Park, Westchester,
N. Y. This famous race course is justly regarded as one
of the few model establishments of its kind in the world.
In all its details, as well as in the character of its man-
agement, it is quite worthy of the distinguished rank
that it holds as one of the most important headquarters
of the racing interest anywhere in the United States.
The prominence, of Morris Park and its great popularity,
as shown by the thousands that are attracted to it every
season, has brought Mr. Gorman conspicuously and
favorably to the attention
both of the general public
and of the racing fraternity.
Especially with racing men,
there is no more popular
individual connected with
the turf to-day. The re-
markable feature of Mr.
Gorman's record is that he
has achieved a success of
the first magnitude in con-
nection with the Morris
Park track entirely without
any previous experience in
the racing world, and that
so many of the admirable
and novel features which
are found in the details of
the track, as well as in its
practical administration, are
original with him. His
achievements in this re-
spect constitute one of the
most interesting pages in
the history of the contem-
porary turf.

Mr. Gorman was born in
Baltimore, Md., in 1855.
At fifteen years of age, he
went to sea and followed

that profession till his thirtieth year, beginning as cabin
boy and ending as captain of a large steamer. His voy-
ages extended to nearly all portions of the known world,
and between them he made his home at Wilmington,
Del. The late Mr. John A. Morris was a friend of Mr.
Gorman's father. Hearing that the son was anxious to
give up seafaring, and knowing his reputation as a man
of original ideas and great executive capacity, Mr. Morris
sent for him and offered him the superintendency of
Morris Park, which was then half finished and in such
bad condition that training was almost impossible, and

WILLIAM A. GORMAN

horsemen were about to abandon the place. The
task was a novel one to Mr. Gonnan, but he assumed it
without hesitation, backed by Mr. Morris' pledge of un-
limited control. He at once studied other tracks, and
created new features as well as novel appliances for the
work, and in due time Morris Park was inaugurated
under most auspicious conditions. It will be remem-
bered that on the opening day, 50,000 people attended
the course, the largest gathering at a race track in re-
cent years, and Mr. Gorman had the honor of receiving
the unstinted compliments of the owners, of the archi-
tect, and of the magnates of the American turf for his
work. It may also be mentioned that on that day, for

the first time in his life, he
witnessed a horse race.

Since then, Mr. Gorman
has held the post of super-
intendent at Morris Park
uninterruptedly, and has
made many further im-
provements in its various
features. Among them,
have been the straighten-
ing of the Eclipse course;
the building of the Withers
mile; the steeplechase
course, which is one of the
finest in the world, and the
coaching plaza for the Turf
and Field Club, that covers
two acres. The track is a
difficult one to keep in rac-
ing condition, requiring not
only constant, judicious
outlay, but the unremitting
supervision of an efficient
working head and strict
disciplinarian such as Mr.
Gorman has proved him-
self to be.

Few, even of those con-
nected with racing, are
aware of how complex the
duties falling to the superintendent of a great race course
are. He is, in the first place, responsible to the pro-
prietors for the popularity of the place with the public
and with horsemen. Owners and trainers look to him
to have the track in perfect condition, not only on the
day of a race, but at all other times for exercising pur-
poses. The public insists that the grand stand and
grounds shall be without defect. In fact, the entire re-
sponsibility rests on the superintendent. It is not the
least among the tributes to Mr. Gorman's ability that
under him Morris Park has become a noted social resort.

436

THE AMERICAN TURF

Wlien, in 1898, The Jockey Club appointed Mr. C. J.
Fitzgerald starter lor the courses under itscontrol, it took
action that was generally approved by all who are inter-
ested in racing in the Metropolis. Mr. Fitzgerald has
had an extensive experience and came to his new position
qualified in a superior degree to discharge its exacting
duties. Both by training and by temperament, he is
particularly well qualified for the position that he now
holds. Although a native of Canada, his entire life has
been spent in the United States, and he is a thorough-
going American citizen.
He came to this country
when a mere lad, and
here he was educated
and entered upon his
active professional ca-
reer. Becoming a jour-
nalist, he was a mem-
ber of the staff of The
New York Sun, being
for eleven years the turf
and sporting editor ot
that paper. Other news-
paper work also engaged
his attention, and, for
two years and a half, he
was the New York Cor-
respondent for The Phil-
adelphia Press.

Mr. Fitzgerald's first
practical experience in
connection with race
meetings began in the
early nineties. His thor-
ough knowledge of the
technique of racing was
recognized by all who
knew him, and was
especially appreciated by
the well-known starter,
James F. Caldwell, then
acting under the aus-
pices of the Board of
Control. Mr. Caldwell
had such confidence in

Mr. Fitzgerald that he recommended him as a starter to
the association that controlled racing at Toronto. His
first attempt at handling the flag was made at that place
and was eminently satisfactory. After that time the
demand for his services steadily increased and he was
engaged as starter at several important tracks. This
position he held at the St. Asaph Course, near Washing-
ton, and at Baltimore, and was also engaged to start the
Morris Park steeplechases, and to officiate for two

C. J. FITZGERALD

seasons at Milwaukee and for three seasons at New
Orleans. His selection as starter of the meetings on
the metropolitan courses was a very distinct promo-
tion, but one which he had decidedly earned by his
fidelity and uprightness and his unswerving devotion
to the turf.

Having made a particularly careful study of horses and
of racing methods since his advent upon the turf as an
otficial, Mr. Fitzgerald has positive and uncompromising
ideas in regard to his duties and touching the best inter-
ests of all over whom he
is called upon to exer-
cise authority. His first
service at the Aqueduct
Course in the spring of
1898, tested him severe-
ly, and the general satis-
faction that his work
gave was the best evi-
dence to show his emi-
nent fitness. His subse-
quent career at Morris
Park, Gravesend and the
other metropolitan
courses, served only to
reinforce the good opin-
ion originally forme-d of
him and to establish
him firmer than ever
in public favor. A man
of advanced ideas, Mr.
Fitzgerald is always
wide awake in seeking
new' methods by which
the efficiency of racing
and its general attrac-
tiveness shall be en-
h a n c ed. He believes
that the old method of
starting horses must in
time be entirely super-
seded by the starting
machine. Recognizing
that, with the young-
sters who have never
had previous experience with the machine, the arrange-
ment may have certain disadvantages, he holds that upon
the whole, it is a wonderful saving of time.

He confidently hopes that the Jockey Club will ulti-
mately make a rule requiring owners to school their
horses for the gate, and he believes that when the young-
sters are thus trained, the improvement in racing by
securing better starts will be of the most important
character.

437

THE AMERICAN TURF

it seems only yesterday that Mr. William j. Fitzpatrick
was still active in turf affairs. Born at Mt. Holly, N. J.,
December lo, 1861, he began his experiences in April,
1875, in the stable of Mr. Pierre Lorillard, and never
ceased to be identified with racing affairs until the time
of his death in February, 1898. For six consecutive
seasons he rode for the Rancocas Stable, his first winning
mount being on Huckleberry at Saratoga in 1877. He
never entirely relinquished his connection with the stable
to which he was first attached. He often had mounts
for Mr. Lorillard at various times down to 1891.

From the beginning of his career he made a strong
impression on all who witnessed his work, as being one of
the very best riders that have
ever appeared in the saddle
upon the American track.
He had perfect command of
his mounts, with full confi-
dence in himself, and a judg-
ment so remarkably correct
that it was often exercised
with a startling dash and
abandon that earned for him
the famous title of "Dare-
devil Fitz." Being recog-
nized in the highest racing
circles as one who inspired
confidence by the clear cut
character of his work and
the correct attitude he ever ,0

maintained towards owners
and public, he had, so long
as he remained in the saddle,
the pick of mounts in num-
berless famous races. For
many years he was one of
the highest salaried jockeys
on the American turf, and
rode for such prominent
owners as Messrs. Pierre
Lorillard, Marcus Daly, Com-
modore N. F. Kittson, A. F. Walcott, Edward Corrigan,
S. S. Brown, Daniel Swigert, James Murphy and many
others. For Commodore Kittson he rode for three years,
and for Mr. William C. Daly a similar period, in the
latter case riding in both flat and hurdle races. Mr. D.
D. Withers had him under retainer for two seasons, and
for Mr. Walcott's racing establishment he was the
premier jockey for one year.

Fitzpatrick was the conspicuous figure in some of the
most sensational racing events of the contemporaneous
American turf. His victory on Troubadour in the Subur-
ban of 1886 will be handed down in turf history for
generations. It was in this race that one of the most

notable " killings" was made in American racing annals,
Mr. S. S. Brown, and those who put their faith upon his
stable, being winners to the amount of many thousands
of dollars. In 1882, he rode Marion C. in a special
$10,000 race against Kingston, winning after an exciting
struggle. In the same year he also trained Carlsbad,
Michael and several other good horses for a prominent
Kentuckian. He came near to being a winner of the
Futurity in 1892 on Morello, but at the last moment the
mount was given to Hayward, while Fitz had the
"leg-up" on Hyderabad, who was crossed during the
race and fell. In 1895, he became the owner of Joe
Ripley, whom he ran at Saratoga successfully in seven

races, and afterwards a t
Providence, R. 1., where he
secured five events, after
which he sold the horse to a
California owner for $6,000.
As a rider, few, if any of
his contemporaries, sur-
passed Fitzpatrick in cour-
i^gggf WB age, and he would often

'^W 18 take a chance to pass through

a field of horses when the
task seemed almost an im-
possible one. His wonder-
ful nerve never failed him,
and carried him through
many desperate situations
where a weaker man would
have lamentably failed. He
rode with equal facility and
success on the flat and over
the hurdles, his peculiar
finish and style being par-
ticularly noticeable in the
latter kind of racing.
Throughout his career as a
jockey he had a good record
of integrity aud single-
minded devotion to his em-
ployers, and thousands of the older generation of racing
people and the habitues of the turf whose remembrances
go back some years will long have a warm corner in
their hearts for " Daredevil Fitz."

After he had become too heavy to ride, and following
his brief experience as an owner, he turned his attention
to starting, and filled that exacting position on many
tracks, including Saratoga, Buffalo, Washington, Provi-
dence, Montreal, Toronto, Hamilton, and elsewhere.
His success with the flag was of a noted character, and
he gave the fullest satisfaction to racing officials, owners
and the public. His death undoubtedly cut short a bril-
liant career in official connection with racing.

WILLIAM J. FITZPATRICK

438

THE AMERICAN TURF

An enthusiastic love for iiis chosen pursuit is the true
secret of success in a physician. This is true, not only
in that branch of medical practice which refers to human
beings, but also to that which has the domestic animals
as its special care. Perhaps even more than the practi-
tioner of the former class, the veterinarian must be im-
bued with purely scientific enthusiasm. In the case of
the individual who ministers to the ailments of his
fellow-beings, there is a human interest as a source of in-
spiration and of resultant reward. This is lacking in the
case of the veterinarian. For him there can be only an
admiration and sympathetic feeling for the representa-
tives of the brute creation with whom his professional
practice brings him into ac-
quaintance.

The physician to the hu-
man family has no deeper
interest in his patients, nor
is he more devoted to the
scientific consideration of
their ailments, than is the
enthusiastic veterinarian, it
is this spirit that has carried
most practitioners in this
branch of medical science
to success, and in the pro-
fession William Sheppard,
M. R. C. V. S., is a con-
spicuous example of what
devotion to his practice
and a constant endeavor to
elevate it in every way has
accomplished. Basing his
practice upon the most ad-
vanced scientific principles,
Dr. Sheppard has won the
confidence of the horse-
owning public and has
earned a high position in
the American racing world,

while it would be easy to cite numberless instances in
which his skill has restored what were regarded as
" hopeless cases " to their place in the racing stable and
upon the track.

Dr. Sheppard was born March i6, 1849, in Southchard,
Somersetshire, England. Having completed his prelim-
inary education he was, after the English custom, at the
age of fifteen, articled to C. W. Blake, a noted veteri-
narian at Crew-Kerne, Somersetshire. During his early
experiences he devoted special attention to the hoof and
the shoeing of the horse, which bore excellent fruit in
subsequent studies and practice. After three years of
such training and study he was prepared for a course at
the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons in London.

439

DR. WILLIAM SHEPPARD

Entering this famous institution. Dr. Sheppard received
the diploma which enrolled him as one of its members
on April 21, 1870. On the following day he received
from its President, Professor William Pritchard, a fellow-
ship of the London Veterinary Medical Association, an
honor conferred in recognition of an essay upon " Lame-
ness in the Horse " which he had read and defended be-
fore the members of the Association.

Exeter, Devonshire, was chosen as the place in which
he began the practice of his profession. He was success-
ful from the start and attained an excellent practice during
his two years' residence there. The field was, however,
too limited, and after four years' further practice in the

adjoining town of Tiverton,
he resolved, in 1878, to
visit America.

While visiting friends in
Ottawa, 111., Dr. Sheppard
was asked to prescribe for
some severe cases in one of
the large stables there, and
treated them with marked
success. He was acordingly
urged to make Ottawa his
residence, and there, in
November, 1878, he com-
menced to regularly prac-
tice in America. Amongthe
noted and valuable horses
which he successfully treat-
ed while in Ottawa may be
mentioned Charley Ford,
Argonaut, Colonel Dawes,
Buchanan, Foxie V, Little
Fred, Lucy, Freeland,
Monarch Rule, Red Cloud
and Young Wilkes, includ-
ing, it will be seen, some
of the cracks of the trot-
ting turf.
Called in consultation upon high-priced stock in the
East, as he frequently was, Dr. Sheppard finally deter-
mined to remove there, and in 1888 established himself
at Sheepshead Bay, Long Island, where he has gained
both success and fame. He has organized a large infir-
mary for horses on Neck Road, near the Sheepshead Bay
track, which is in every respect a model establishment,
and which has numbered among its four-footed patients
some of the most celebrated modern horses. Unassum-
ing in his character, but untiring in his chosen work. Dr.
Sheppard makes no parade of his wide scientific attain-
ment, but wisely allows that and his skill, both practi-
cal and theoretical, to speak for themselves in the
remarkable results he so constantly accomplishes.

THE AMERICAN TURF

In choosing the profession in which he has become
so eminently distinguished, Dr. Oliver C. Farley, V. S.,
was particularly influenced by the fact that from his ear-
liest days he was associated with horsemen and familiar
with horses. Born in Chelsea, Mass., November 25,
1852, Dr. Farley received his preparatory education at
the celebrated Phillips Academy at Andover, Mass. At
that institution of learning, Emmons and Walker Blaine,
sons of the late James G. Blaine, were among his school
mates and intimate friends. After completing his course
of instruction there, he entered the Montreal Veterinary
College, then, in 1873,
under the celebrated
Professor McEachran.
He remained there
until 1875, when he
was graduated, hav-
ing been noted as a
most diligent student,
giving up even his
vacations to his stud-
ies. Professor Mc-
Eachran was at that
time the most promi-
nent veterinarian in
the East, his practice
extending over a
large portion of the
country.

After his gradua-
tion, Dr. Farley re-
turned to Boston, but
soon after removed to
the West and began
to practice in Cleve-
land, O., wherehe re-
mained two years.
Among his patients
at this time, was the
great trotter Smug-
gler, whom he at-
tended throughout
the Grand Circuit,
when he defeated
Goldsmith Maid. Dr.

Farley's next professional engagement was not only in-
teresting, but was fraught with importance to the coun-
try at large. The loss of cattle and live stock shipped to
Europe had at that time risen to large proportions, and
threatened to make the business unprofitable. As a last
resort, the Warren Steamship Company engaged Dr.
Farley, as veterinary surgeon, to make regular voyages
on their large steamship the Brazilian, which carried
about 400 head of cattle, 300 horses, and from 1,200 to

1,500 sheep and hogs, for the purpose of investigating
and preventing the mortality among the animals. This
he did with great success, proving that Texas fever was
due to acute indigestion, the result of treatment in ac-
cordance with his diagnosis being that the death rate
was reduced to a minimum, so that a vast amount of
money has since been saved to shippers of cattle.

In 1 88 1, a few days after his last voyage on the Brazil-
lian. Dr. Farley engaged with Mr. Charles Reed to act
as veterinary at the latter's famous Saratoga breeding
establishment, and since that time he has practiced ex-

c 1 u s i V e 1 y among
thoroughbred horses.
His next move from
the Reed stable was
to one of the foremost
racing and breeding
establishments in the
United States, that of
Mr. Pierre Lorillard,
at Rancocas. For
four years, Dr. Far-
ley had the respon-
sible place of veteri-
nary there, during
which time the Ran-
cocas stable headed
the winning list each
year. After the fam-
ous sale of Mr. Loril-
lard's horses, when
Cyclops, Pontiac,
Volunteer, and the
other cracks were dis-
persed. Dr. Farley
transferred his ser-
vices to the stable of
Mr. Frank A. Ehret,
which for that year
showed the largest
winnings of any es-
tablishment on the
turf Dr. Farley had,
however, now be-
come so widely
known, and his services were in such general request,
that he was compelled to give up confining his attention
to any one stable. His acquaintance among the most
prominent horsemen of the country has always been
of the widest. His practice now extends all over
the East, and he is called to many of the prominent
stables when the horses go amiss, while merely the
names of the celebrated runners that have owed their
success to his care would make a lengthy roll.

DR. OLIVER C. FARLEY

440

THE AMERICAN TURF

Modern progress in veterinary science has been stimu-
lated by the importance of thoroughbred interests in the
United States and the demands made upon its resources
in that direction. Accordingly, it is among the members
of the profession who have devoted their attention to the
thoroughbred and whose practice is in the principle rac-
ing stables of the country that the leaders in this branch
of medical and surgical science must be sought. They
have brought veterinary practice to its present state of
proficiency and have

made it of incalcul- _

able importance to
the horse owning and
horse loving world.

One of the first
names that comes to
the minds of horse-
men of the country in
this connection, is
that of M. R. Wiener,
D. V. S. Not only
has Dr. Wiener been
among the most origi-
nal and ablest inno-
vaters in his calling,
but the success that
has accompanied his
methods and the skill
that he has exhibited
have given him a re-
pute throughout rac-
ing circles. Asa
specialist in certain
lines of practice and a
consulting expert in
serious cases he occu-
pies a position that is
at once unique and
valuable. Many are
the instances where
demands for his serv-
ices have been of im-
perative necessity and
he has always proved
himself equal to the

most exacting emergency. Born at Buffalo, N. Y., Dr.
Wiener received his collegiate education at Cornell Uni-
versity and the University of Wisconsin. He began his
professional training at the National Veterinary College
and continued it at the United States College of Veterinary
Surgeons, Washington, D. C, from which institution he
was one of the first graduates with the degree of Doctor
of Veterinary Science. He also filled for a year the posi-
tion of Demonstrator of Anatomy and Assistant House

Dr. m. r. wiener

Surgeon in the United States College of Veterinary Sur-
geons. Entering upon his profession Dr. Wiener has
now been in active service for several years and has a
firmly established position in the world of American
horsemen. He is a successful practitioner in all branches,
but in one specialty he is unexcelled. That is dentistry
as applied to horses.

In that connection he has revolutionized the ideas of
breeders and horse owners, and made innovations in

the hitherto accepted
methods of his own
department o f sci-
ence. He has dem-
onstrated that in a
large number of cases,
where disease of the
teeth is the starting
point of a horse's ail-
ment, the trouble can
be remedied by skil-
ful operations f o r
which he has even
devised the instru-
ments with which
they are performed.
He has shown that
such treatment and
the operations upon
horses incident to it,
can be performed
m'o r e quickly and
with less pain than
the same class of
work upon the hu-
man being. It would
be impossible to even
indicate briefly the
many different opera-
tions he has perform-
ed or to specify the
individual cases in
which their use has
been attended by
most gratifying and
successful results.
It is sufficient, as a proof of the esteem in which he is
held, not only by owners, but by the members of his
own profession as well, to say that where any expert
dental work is required, he is invariably called in and
that his services are thus in constant request. Among
his many clients are the pick of American racing owners,
such as Messrs. A. H. & D. H. Morris, H. K. Knapp,
James R. Keene, W. C. Whitney, F. R. & T. Hitchcock,
C. Fleischmann's Sons and numerous others.

441

THE AMERICAN TURF

There is no better school in which to acquire complete
knowledge of the horse than in close and practical
acquaintance with the animals themselves. This is as
true of veterinary practice as it is of any other branch of
the intricate business connected with the breeding and
racing of thoroughbreds. No unfair comparison should
be instituted between the learned practitioners of the
veterinary profession and those who have brought to it
simply the knowledge and the skill derived from prac-
tical experience, rather than from book knowledge or
collegiate instruction.
Many examples of the
success of this latter
class of practitioners
in the general medical
world will readily re-
cur to the thoughtful
reader. Even a larger
number could per-
haps be quoted in
treating of veterinary
science, since, as it
would appear, more
than in most other
professions, the re-
quisite knowledge
and skill can in a
great measure be de-
rived from actual
practice.

Prominent among
these natural veteri-
narians is Dr. John
M. Bishop. He was
born September 4,
1850, in Red Rock,
N. Y., and has been
associated with horses
throughout his entire
life. As a boy he
worked on a farm, and
also was connected
with the stable of Mr.
Seymore Williams, of

Pine Grove, N. Y. In this stable he was engaged as an
exercise boy, with trotting horses, for about two years.
During the ensuing five years he was attached to the
stable of Mr. E. Bradbury, training the horses in that
gentleman's stable and driving them in races. He was
a good horseman and drew the reins over such fleet ones
as Berkshire Boy, Frank Miller, Tom Suffick, Frank
Smith and Katskill Girl. In 1871, he came to New York,
and the following year located in Brooklyn. In 1878,
he went to Europe with several trotters that he sold in

DR. JOHN M. BISHOP

London and then returned home. During all this time
he had practiced privately, and in Brooklyn built up a
very large and valuable clipping business. During one
winter alone he clipped some seven hundred horses.
Having a good knowledge of horse nature, he applied
himself particularly to the study of dentistry, and in 1880
started in practice in that line. He sold out the clipping
business, and has since devoted himself largely to his
dental practice with some other business issues in addi-
tion. As a dentist he has attended nearly every horse

of prominence in this
generation. Much of
his practice has been
of an original charac-
ter, and in the course
of his work he has
patented sixteen in-
struments that he has
retained for his own
personal use. He has
an intimate acquaint-
ance with all the
horsemen, of the East
especially, while own-
ers as far away as
California entrust
their horses to him,
often reserving their
work until they are
able to come East
with their stables.

At one time Dr.
Bishop had all the
work of the Broadway
Street Railway Com-
pany, until 1888, when
the cable was substi-
tuted for horse pow-
er. He has also had
the work of several of
the largest livery
stables in New York
and vicinity, and many
of the old veterans
continue to send their horses to him for treatment now,
as for many years past. As the proprietor of Bishop's
Hotel, on the Brooklyn Boulevard, he is known to every
sport-loving individual who frequents that neighbor-
hood. For thirty-five years he has been in public life,
and for nearly twenty years has been in the active
work of his profession. His success has been of a nota-
ble character, and has resulted wholly from his natural
aptitude for horses and his skill in divining the best way
of treating them.

442

THE AMERICAN TURF

During the present quarter of a century veterinary
science has made a progress not surpassed in extent and
importance by any of its compeers. The value of the
investigation undertai<en in its interest has been fully
recognized as years have gone by, and its position as
one of the learned professions has become firmly estab-
lished. The application of medicine and surgery to the
dumb creation, and more particularly to the equine fam-
ily, has presented scientific problems of the highest valne,
not alone to the owners of animals, but also to the in-
vestigators who have devoted themselves to this pursuit.
The science has demanded of its practitioners a sound
knowledge and an undoubted skill in no way inferior to
that in the medical profession at large.

Nor can we look upon this subject wholly from the
standpoint of the scientist, no heed how vitally impor-
tant to the general community, as well as to the equine
creation that may be. There is an economic side that
presses imperatively upon consideration. Readers of
this volume have undoubtedly been already impressed
with a sense of the enormous sums of money that are
now invested in high class horseflesh. The preservation
of these animals becomes a matter of supreme impor-
tance from the financial, as well as from the purely
humanitarian, point of view. It is at this point that
veterinary science steps in and has proved itself to be of
incalculable value in saving the lives or in restoring the
usefulness of these thoroughbreds, and therefore preserv-
ing more intact the capital that is invested in them. This
is an item of great importance to the owners of our large
breeding establishments and stables, and purely from
the business point of view is even an economic benefit
to the community at large. Formerly, there was much
waste, and to the veterinary profession must be credited
great improvement in recent times.

It is true that this development of veterinary learning
and skill has not been confined to this country. It has
been a marked feature of modern scientific advancement
in the Old World, especially in England. Nevertheless,
the United States has taken a foremost place in this on-
ward march, and has produced professors and practition-
ers whose originality, sound reasoning and spirit of
investigation have rivaled their brethren across the
Atlantic, and whose work in every particular has carried
them to the front rank of their calling. The ideas of
these American veterinary adepts have become fully
established and have even had an impression upon this
school of medical practice abroad.

As has already been indicated, the institution of breed-
ing and racing the thoroughbred horse in the United
States has mainly fostered the progress that has been
made in connection with veterinary medicine and sur-
gery. The demands made by the needs of horses of
inferior class and of other domesticated animals have

been much more contracted and in every way of lesser
importance than those that have resulted from the thor-
oughbred interests. The multiplication of high class
animals has, as we have frequently seen, created a
special and strong demand for the services of experts in
handling them. This demand has extended to the
veterinary profession, so that there is a constant and
urgent call for the highest skill among those who care
for and overcome the ailings of the noble coursers.

Few members of this important profession have better
standing or have rendered more valuable service to the
thoroughbreds whose healthful condition has been made
the supreme study of his life, than R. E. Waters, D. V.
S. Born in New Utrecht, L. I., July ii, 1863, Dr.
Waters has never known the time when he was not
interested in horses. He really came by his inclination
toward veterinary practice as a matter of family inheri-
tance. His grandfather and two uncles were prominent
veterinarians, being among the early practitioners in
Brooklyn. Dr. Waters, after a thorough preparatory
education, entered the Veterinary College of Columbia
University in 1880, and was graduated therefrom in
1884. The same year he began the active practice of
his profession, locating at Far Rockaway, where he re-
mained for five years. His success was of the most
gratifying character to him, and demonstrated that he
was well grounded in the principles of that branch of
medical practice to which he was devoting himself.

Subsequently, for a short period, Dr. Waters was in
partnership with Dr. Ash, who at that time was in the
employ of Mr. J. H. Shults, the well-known business
man, who had a large interest in horses. When Dr. Ash
gave up his practice in the vicinity of New York to locate
elsewhere. Dr. Waters continued his professional work
alone, and about 1890, began to find his services in great
demand among prominent turfmen. His specialty is
gelding operations performed while the horse is standing,
and in this particular line he has the reputation of being
one of the most successful in the country. He has been
employed constantly for years by many of the leading
turfmen of the period. His patrons have included
Messrs. August Belmont, James R. Keene, David Gideon,
J. W. Rogers, F. R. Hitchcock, the Dwyer Brothers, L.
S. & W. P. Thompson and others. With only an occa-
sional exception, all the horsemen whose names are best
known to the turf world and whose thoroughbred inter-
ests are of the most conspicuous importance, have in-
trusted their horses to his care. It is generally agreed
among them that in his particular branch of practice
there is none superior in the United States. Learned in
all the details of his profession, and especially skilful in
those matters that depend upon clear-headedness, as
well as sound knowledge, he has a deservedly high
reputation that is fully warranted by his success.

443

THE AMERICAN TURF

Everybody in the racing world knows and likes
"Jack" Adler, by which abbreviation of his full name

The experience of Mr. Albert Adler with the turf dates
back for a score of years. It began in the days of the
old American Jockey Club, and for nearly all of the
period in question his connection with racing matters
has been of an official nature. He is a native of New
York City, where he was born November 21, 18S9. He
received his education in the public schools, and before
he was of age was identified with the official staff of the
leading Eastern race tracks. His first position was that
of announcer in the betting ring. After some years he
became connected with the establishment of Mr. William
Astor, who had a racing stable and took considerable inter-
est in the sport. This engagement lasted for two years.

In 1879, Mr. Adler again returned to the turf in an
official capacity. The post to which he was appointed
and has continued to fill is a very important one, requir-
ing great care and attention, and is, moreover, one that
the authorities of the racing world could intrust only to
a gentleman of proved fidelity. His duties are to see
that the jockeys carry their correct weights, and that all
other details in this connection are strictly observed, the
information being afterward displayed upon the boards
for the benefit of the public. Mr. Adler fills his exacting
role in a highly successful manner. The best proof of
this is that he is engaged in the same work year after

JOHN J. ADLER

Mr. John J. Adler is called all over the country. He
ranks among the veterans of the turf, and has been con-
nected with racing for many years as official announcer.
Mr. Adler was born in New York City in 1863. His first
position on a race track was when he filled the place of
assistant starter under Mr. J. C. Carr. One of the neces-
sary and important duties at the tracks is the announce-
ment in the betting ring of the official results displayed
by the judges. Exhibiting unusual natural capabilities
for the office, Mr. Adler received the appointment of
official announcer in 1887, and has acted in that capacity
ever since. He has a voice of exceptional power and
quality, loud and far-reaching, while at the same time
his enunciation is so clear and distinct that not a syllable
is lost to hearers anywhere within its range. Its owner
has won for himself the fame of being the " champion
announcer " of the world.

Having officiated during the past ten years at all the
principal tracks, Mr. Adler is personally acquainted with
practically the entire racing world, officials, owners,
trainers, jockeys, bookmakers and patrons of the sport,
and has won a host of friends among them. He is
strictly temperate, pays the closest attention to his busi-
ness, and is, withal, one of the most courteous and
kindly officials connected with the sport. When his
regular duties permit, he is often called upon to act as
announcer at athletic and other events.

ALBERT ADLER

year at all the important tracks, and is thoroughly liked
by horsemen of all conditions and classes.

444

THE AMERICAN TURF

From the time that he was eleven years of age, Mr.
Thomas S. Ford has been contuiually identified with rac-

•> ;

THOMAS S. FORD

ing affairs. He is a native of New Jersey, having been
born in Newark in 1862. His boyhood days were spent
at home, and he attended the public schools, where he
received a good education. At the customary youthful
age of young aspirants for turf honors, he engaged to
work as exercise boy in the celebrated Rancocas Stable
of Mr. Pierre Lorillard at Jobstown. His experience in
this establishment was not only of an agreeable char-
acter, but it secured for him a training that was simply
invaluable in the pursuits to which he has since devoted
himself. In the Rancocas Stable at that time were the
famous Parole, Iroquois and other champions, and his
acquaintance with them was in itself an education in
regard to the blood horse family.

For four years the lad exercised and rode the horses of
the Rancocas Stable, and was also engaged to some
extent by outside owners. At the expiration of his con-
tract with Mr. Lorillard he engaged to ride for Mr. E. H.
McGee, riding such horses as Pilson, Mamie S. and
others. Remaining with Mr. McGee for five years, he
next engaged as trainer for Mr. C. L. Carter, and during
his two years' connection with that establishment he
trained such horses as Warsaw, Pigeon and others of
their class. Offered a position under the administration
of The Jockey Club, he accepted, and has since retained
that connection. At the present time he is assistant
patrol judge and superintendent of numbers and jockeys.

All of Mr. F. A. Heckler's immediate family are musi-
cians by profession, though one of his uncles, Mr.
Augustus Heckler, is better known to the public by
reason of a lifelong connection with the stage, having
been for many years with Edwin Booth in his dramatic
tours as manager, and has also been identified with The
Dramatic News. Mr. Heckler was born in New York
City, February 4, 1869, and received a thorough musical
education, intending to make music his avocation. He
was related to gentlemen more or less prominent upon
the turf, particularly Mr. Thomas Croft, the ex-Secretary
of the Monmouth Park Association, and also by marriage
to Mr. D. D. Withers. It was accordingly at Monmouth,
in the season of 1885, that he had his first experience.

Prior to 1888, the summoning of horses to the post
had been attended with difficulty and it was suggested
that a call uponjhe bugle should be substituted. Officia-
ting at the first experiment, Mr. Heckler has since con-

F. A. HECKLER

tinned to act in the
courses in the East.

same capacity at all the race

445

THE AMERICAN TURF

Mr. Frank M. Bray has had nearly twenty years of active
connection with racing affairs. Beginning at the lowest

FRANK M. BRAY

round of the ladder, he has climbed steadily upward until
he has come to hold responsible and important positions.
He was born at Cheltenham, Montgomery County, Pa.,
March lo, 1866. His first acquaintance with thorough-
bred horses began in 1879, when he was engaged by
Mr. John Henry as exercise boy. In the Henry Stable
were such runners as Blush Rose, Odd Fellow and others
of their class, and with them the lad had an altogether
agreeable acquaintance. Leaving the stable of Mr. Henry,
in 1883, he went to Texas, and there was engaged to
train for Mr. H. B. Sanborn. Soon after, he brought
several horses East, and ran them with fair success.
Afterward he had in training Juggler, a speedy, but un-
reliable animal; Tenafly, Englewood and a few other
horses of lesser importance, who were members of the
string of Colonel Comegys.

Soon after, he trained the Schuylkill Stable, in which
were Burlington, La Tosca, Drizzle, Come to Taw,
Saunterer, Granite and Forest King, all of whom were
stake winners. He also trained Lord Harry, another
stake winner, and brought him into condition so that he
won many races. He had that horse until the animal
broke down and was retired. When the Arlington
track was opened, Mr. Bray was appointed starter, and
subsequently was asked to preside as judge at both the
Singerly and Iron Hill Tracks, in Maryland, where his
services were of a very efficient character.

Before he became connected with the turf, Mr. John
D. Levien had a substantial business experience, which,
as has been frequently remarked in these pages, consti-
tutes a very desirable basis for the career of a man who
hopes to achieve success on the speculative side of rac-
ing. His father, who is still living, is Mr. Douglas A.
Levien, a well-known lawyer, and at one time Corpora-
tion Counsel of the City of Brooklyn. His mother came
from a prominent Southern family, her father being a
wealthy planter before the war and a brave soldier in
the Confederate Army. Mr. Levien was born in Brook-
lyn and educated in the public schools of New York City.
He was graduated from Grammar School No. 59, and
also studied in the College of the City of New York.

He was not altogether without racing alliances even
in his business days, his uncle, Mr. Ridge C. Levien, be-
ing one of the old-timers identified with the track. Natu-
rally, therefore, the younger Mr. Levien was attracted
toward the sport, and when his uncle made him an offer
that was exceptionally liberal in the way of salary, he
felt that his future was well open before him. Dropping
commercial pursuits, he entered at once upon the voca-
tion with which he has now been identified since early
in the eighties. With his uncle, he opened up at Jerome
Park on that historic day when Tyrant won the With-
ers Stakes. Since then he has filled with satisfaction and
with advantage to himself every position known in the
bookmaker's business. He is a bright, pushing man,
very popular among his friends and business associates,
and handles the money of the public interested in racing
affairs in large amounts, giving satisfaction to all with
whom he has dealings.

Born in New York City, October 22, 1848, and edu-
cated in the public schools, Mr. James Clare was first
employed at the age of eighteen in the service of the
American Jockey Club at Jerome Park. For fourteen
years he remained with that famous race course, filling
faithfully and capably many subordinate positions in con-
nection with the track. In 1880, he made a change,
however, and accepted the office of superintendent and
starter for the Brighton Beach Racing Association. There
he has since remained, being still the superintendent,
although after 1882, he ceased to act as starter, his whole
time and attention being required by the care of the track,
stables, stands and other accessories of that popular estab-
lishment. All the many details of construction and man-
agement that have characterized the Brighton Beach track,
have been largely the result of his skill and indefatigable
labor. In addition to his regular engagement at Brighton,
he has also been frequently consulted or employed in the
laying out or the construction of other race tracks, notably
that at Clifton, N. J. He has also acted as superintendent
at Buffalo, Ivy City and Bennings. Mr. Clare is a man
of untiring activity of mind and body.
446

THE AMERICAN TURF

For something approachino; two decades, Mr. Edward
E. Williams inas been connected in various capacities
witii racing affairs. Few men of tlie day iiave had a
wider or more varied experience and enjoy a greater
familiarity with thoroughbreds or a larger personal
acquaintance, alike with those who direct racing affairs
and those who are merely spectators of the great equine
contests. He is a native ot New York City, where he
was born May s, 1862. He received a good education,
and although he entered upon a racing career compara-
tively early, he was^ ahead of most of the boys of his
time in years and in substantial equipment for his pro-
fession. His first turf experience was when he became
connected with the stable of Mr. Pierre Lorillard as a
rider. Remaining with the Lorillard establishment for a
considerable length of time, Williams finally gave up his
position there and returned to New York.

In the winter of 1884, he went to New Orleans, and
remained several months. Returning East for the sum-
mer, in the following winter he went to New Orleans
again, where he worked for some considerable time.
From New Orleans he went to Birmingham, Ala., and
there became well known for the skill which he dis-
played in riding half-mile heats. His next employer was
Mr. Sigmund Cohen, who owned Bootblack, Rio Grande
and others. For the Cohen Stable he was engaged some
time. Mr. Bud Pulford was another of his employers,
and while with him Williams won some $18,000. Mr.
Pulford had a very good stable, and one of his string.
Drumstick, was very speedy. Williams was engaged
with the Pulford Stable for a considerable length of time,
and that, too, very successfully. He rode many races at
Latonia and elsewhere on the Western and Southern cir-
cuit. After a time he went to Chicago and participated
in some of the leading racing events upon the race
courses of the Garden City.

During his career up to this time he had been very
fortunate. He had made considerable money, and,
being thoughtful and thrifty, invested it in houses and
other property, in addition to buying the pleasant home
in Brooklyn that he has since occupied. He also pur-
chased real estate in Orange, N. J., and elsewhere.
When the time came that he was obliged to leave the
saddle on account of increasing weight, he engaged in
training, his first connection being with the stable of
Mr. Edward Gwynne. His experience as a trainer lasted
only a short time, for he found that he could make more
money by operating on the speculative side of racing
than by riding or training. In recent years he has been
prominent in his present occupation on all the tracks in
the country. He has been a courageous bettor, but
never reckless, while his judgment as to the form of
horses has brought him many good results. He must
be regarded one of the prosperous turfmen of the day.

Although now leading a quiet life, Mr. Samuel G.
Storm has been for many years a notable figure in the
racing world, and is a representative of the best element
among the professional betting men whose support is so
necessary to the running turf, not only in a direct pecun-
iary sense, but also on account of the popularity they
give to the sport with a very large section of the general
public.

Mr. Storm was born at Gravesend, N. Y., August 27,
i8s7, and has continued to make that place his perma-
nent residence. For a number of years he was engaged
successfully in business, but in 1881, began his racing
experiences as a poolseller. For many years he was
one of the best known men in that business, and estab-
lished a reputation for correct methods and upright deal-
ing that won for him the respect of all who follow the
turf. He was exceedingly successful, and was noted
for the conservatism which he observed throughout his
turf career. As he describes it, his record contains no
instances of phenomenal winnings or losses. It was
rather one of small and continuous profits. At the same
time, his attention to business was of the strictest kind,
and in the course of the long period during which he
figured as one of the foremost poolsellers in the country
there was scarcely an important race meeting at which
he failed to be present or a notable race which he did
not witness.

The legislative prohibition of poolselling in this and
other States finally caused Mr. Storm to retire from the
business. His own personal views on the subject of
betting in relation to the turf are valuable, both as those
of an expert and in addition as coming from one whose
success was attained by honorable methods and a regard
for the best interests of racing. He, in company with
others of similar professional standing, holds that the old
method of bookmaking openly conducted and of mutuel
pools is the only feasible one by which the turf itself can
profit, and the inclination of the general public to back
its opinions be satisfied.

At one time his racing interests took a wider form,
and the success of the small stable which he organized
was a tribute alike to his knowledge of horseflesh and
of the business capacity which has been his distinguish-
ing characteristic. Among the horses which he owned
and raced was the well-known performer Pat Daly.

Among Mr. Storm's many friends his continued retire-
ment from the turf is attributed in a measure to domestic
reasons of an exceedingly agreeable character. Not long,
ago he married a lady, Miss Jones, of Gravesend, pos-
sessed of a considerable fortune in her own right. Since
then home life has apparently possessed the largest
attractions for him, while the enjoyment of his driving
horses and other pleasures of a retired existence seem to
agreeably fill out his leisure time,

447

THE AMERICAN TURF

Among the factors that have contributed most power-
fully toward the public knowledge of running races in
the United States the Official Turf Guide, published by
Messrs. Frederick S. and John Goodwin, composing the
firm of Goodwin Brothers, holds a leading place. Within
the entire realm of sports there is no publication at once
so necessary and so complete as that which the Ameri-
can turf enjoys in the form of this Guide. The begin-
nings of the publication were humble. The first num-
ber, issued in 1881, was a small pamphlet of sixteen
pages, containing the records of all races run in the pre-
ceding week. This weekly publication was continued
during the year, and in 1882, weekly and monthly
editions were issued, while in January, 1883, the firm
brought out the first of its annual publications.

Principally through the influence of the late Mr. D. D.
Withers, the leading racing bodies of the country shortly
stamped the Guide with their approval, as has also The
Jockey Club and the Western Turf Congress. Since
1893, the annual has become a two-volume publication,
each volume covering the racing for half of the year.
Many new features have been from time to lime incor-
porated in the Guide, which has become unquestionably
the most valuable turf compendium ever known to this
country, while it rivals in importance anything of the knd
that has ever been attempted, even in England, the home
of thoroughbred racing.

One of the best known figures in American racing of
the present day has been Mr. Charles H. Pettingill, who
was recently the efficient starter of the Eastern tracks
under contract with The Jockey Club. He has had a
long and successful experience in that official capacity at
other meetings in the country outside the metropolitan
district, and has attained to rank as a veteran of the turf.
He is a native of the State of Maine, and received an
academic education there. During the Civil War he
served in the Union Army, and won the rank of Captain.
After the war had ended he settled in Charleston, S. C. ,
and engaged in wholesale business, and for one term,
during the administration of President Grant, held the
office of Assessor of Internal Revenue. About this time
he began his experiences with the turf, becoming a part-
ner with Mr. W. P. Burch in the ownership of a racing
stable. Upon the dissolution of this partnership Mr.
Pettingill continued to race horses on his own account.

Withdrawing from ownership, he entered into the
business of furnishing poolrooms with telegraphic news
of the races. Late in the eighties he became a starter at
the Gloucester, N. J., track, then in its infancy. There
he had virtually the entire management of the enterprise,
and proved himself not only an efficient starter, but a
practical handicapper and a satisfactory all-around racing
official. Remaining at Gloucester until 1893, he resigned
his position for the more important one of starter on the

Western circuit, and officiated in that capacity at all the
leading tracks in the West and South. He was then
appointed starter for the courses under jurisdiction of
The Jockey Club and officiated until the close of the
season of 1897.

Few men have been better known in this generation
in connection with betting at the races than Mr. Isaac S.
Thompson. He was born in Liverpool, England, but
was brought to this country in infancy, and was reared
and educated on the Pacific Coast. He was twenty-four
years of age when he made his first appearance at the
race tracks as a layer of odds. Since that time he has
been continually a bookmaker, confining his operations
principally to the Eastern tracks. During his active
career vast sums of money have passed through his
hands, and he has made and lost fortunes. He has been
one of the heaviest layers known to the turf in this gen-
eration, and has taken many large wagers at startling
odds. He tells of one instance where he bet $1,000 to
$1 against Dahlman at the old Guttenberg track, and has
always congratulated himself that he succeeded in win-
ning the dollar.

The apprenticeship of Mr. Joseph F. Ullman in turf
matters dates back to 1878, when he made his d^but as
a clerk of the betting ring at the Memphis Course. After
some years of experience in a subordinate capacity he
undertook the management of the East St. Louis Track
in 1883, and accumulated a small capital there. He was
then invited to take charge of the foreign book at Haw-
thorne Park, Chicago, and began business on a
large scale. Gradually he rose to a position of promi-
nence in the profession to which he was devoting him-
self, and became conspicuously identified with the bet-
ting in connection with many of the most important
tracks in the country. He has had the betting privileges
at Memphis, Little Rock, St. Louis and elsewhere, and
has also been for many years a conspicuous figure at all
the great Eastern race tracks, where he has played a
prominent part in the betting.

Born in New York in 1848, Mr. William Kane began
his racing experiences about i860, at the old Long Island
Fashion Course. He was employed as exercise boy in
the stable of Mr. John Hunter, and afterward rode for
Messrs. James Watson, M. H. Sanford and others. Sub-
sequently he had an experience, training and riding in
Lima, Peru. He trained the first lot of yearlings that
Mr. Pierre Lorillard owned, trained a year for Governor
Bowie, of Maryland, and also had charge of the Califor-
nia Stock Farm of Mr. Theodore Winters. In 1880, he
went to England with the stable of Mr. James R. Keene.
For one season he officiated as starter at the Guttenberg
track. He was afterward associated with Mr. H. C. Dit-
mas in sending descriptions of turf events to the turf
exchanges throughout the country.

RACING ASSOCIATIONS

AND

FAMOUS RACE COURSES.

RACING ASSOCIATIONS AND FAMOUS RACE COURSES

The Racing Centres in Colonial Days — Early Tracks in Virginia, South Carolina, Kentucky and
Louisiana — Old Race Courses near New York — ^Jerome Park and
Other Contemporaneous Courses

' / iS we have already many times pointed out in

rr these pages, race courses were established in
/"y various parts of the United States during the
■/ 1 closing years of the last century. Virginia,
South Carolina and New York had then long
enjoyed the advantages to be derived from formal racing
arranged under the auspices of turf associations and
engaged in upon courses regularly laid out. When the
nineteenth century opened several courses were in exist-
ence in Virginia. One of the oldest of these was the
Newmarket at Petersburg, Va., which was established
before the Revolution, and maintained its standing and
popularity for several successive generations. It was
laid out in its complete style previous to the year 1800,
but the jockey club that ultimately undertook its manage-
ment was not organized until 180^.

The record of one of the earliest meetings upon this
course possesses something more than passing historical
interest. It introduces us to the names of several of the
prominent owners and horses who were leaders in Vir-
ginia turf affairs at that time. The report shows that for
a race of four-mile heats in the spring of 1802, there
were entered Dr. Parteur's Snapdragon by Callator;
Bellefield Stark's Bucephalus by Daredevil ; John
Hoome's imported Moll in the Wad; Milo Selden's
Proserpine by Daredevil; Thomas Gray's Vulture by
Daredevil; A. T. Dixon's Thunderclap by Wildair, and
Mr. Swan's Cygnet. It will be noted that four of these
horses were the get of Daredevil, who was one of the
famous stallions of Virginia a century ago. Records of
the time in which this race was run are lacking, but
Snapdragon won the second and third heats and the
race, while Bucephalus was second, having carried off
the first heat. Proserpine, Vulture and Thunderclap
were distanced in the third heat, and Moll in the Wad in
the second heat, while Cygnet was sold before starting
and withdrawn.

Even before the century began, the celebrated Wash-
ington Course in Charleston, S. C, was opened. This
was practically a successor to the Newmarket Course,
that had been in existence in that city from about fifteen
years or so previous to the beginning of the Revolution-
ary War. The South Carolina Jockey Club, that con-
trolled the Washington Course, was organized in 1792,
and entered upon a career of brilliant and uninterrupted

success that continued even down to the breaking out of
the Civil War, a period of almost three-quarters of a
century. From the beginning this club was one of the
strongest organizations, both socially and financially,
that ever existed in the South devoted to the conserva-
tion of turf interests. Its original proprietors were
General C. C. Pinckney, General William Washington,
General Wade Hampton, General M'Pherson, Colonel
Mitchell, Colonel M'Pherson, Colonel Morris, Captain
White, General Reed, and Messrs. O'Brien Smith, John
Wilson, James Ladson, William Alston, H.' M. Rutledge,
Gabriel Manigault, James Burn, L. Campbell, William
Moultrie, E. Fenwick and William McLeod.

Colonel Washington gave to the club the land upon
which the course was laid out, upon condition that it
should receive the name of Washington in honor of his
illustrious uncle, the Father of his Country. The club
succeeded to the tradition and the patronage of the old
Newmarket Course that had been closed in 1791, after
thirty-one years of existence, and was not long in be-
coming the great social centre of Charleston. In its
membership were comprised representatives of all the
old aristocratic families of the city and even of the State,
and it became the exponent of fashion quite as much as
it was the guardian and supporter of the turf. To an
extent, which it is difficult to understand in these days
of multifarious public interests, society then attached
itself to the turf, and the racing meetings of the year
were really the great fashionable functions. For many
years only a single week was annually set apart for the
meeting, but this was looked forward to throughout
several months preceding it as the one occasion that
commanded the attention of the entire community, not
alone of Charleston, but even of South Carolina.

Indeed, the fame of this annual meeting extended
throughout the South and not infrequently attracted the
attention of public men and society people from the far
distant North. The first week in February was given
over to this meeting, and the opening was always on
Wednesday. The annual dinner of the Jockey Club
occurred on this opening day and attracted horsemen,
statesmen and the gentry from all parts of the State. It
was a convivial occasion, well calculated to put every-
body in good-humor for the sport. Leading turfmen
from all over the South were brought together around

451

THE AMERICAN TURF

the festal board, and many were the battles good-
naturedly fought concerning the relative merits of differ-
ent families of thoroughbreds. When the racing was in
full force came the great Jockey Club ball on Friday even-
ing following the opening of the meeting. This event
shared in importance even the performances on the track.
Elaborate and extensive preparations were made for it,
and it occupied first position as the great social event of
the year in Charleston.

Not long after the establishment of the Washington
Course in Charleston and about the same time that
courses were established in Petersburg, Richmond and
other cities of Virginia and Maryland, a race course was
laid out in the City of Washington. In point of fact,

with that of Charleston. Its meetings called out the
attendance of those prominent in wealth and fashion and
in the public and professional life of the capital, all vying
with each other in the enthusiasm with which they fol-
lowed the races. From time to time the most celebrated
horses of the first half century of the Republic were seen
there. Eclipse, Fashion, Revenue, Sir Henry, Sir Charles,
Sir Archy, Boston, Timoleon, Lexington, Oscar, Hickory,
Blue Dick and hundreds of others. The dinners and
bails of the Jockey Club were included among the most
important social events of the fashionable season in the
Federal city.

For nearly half a century the brilliant career of this
course at Washington continued without interruption.

MORRIS PARK

THE CLUB HOUSE

this course was almost as old as the Federal City itself,
having been planned in 1802, during the administration
of President Thomas Jefferson. It was located on the
Holmead Farm, about two miles north of the White
House. The Jockey Club which controlled this course
became one of the most efficient and most distinguished
in the United States. For many years it was presided
over by Colonel John Tayloe, and among its members
were included many of the most distinguished citizens
of the capital, and, naturally, leading representatives of
all sections of the country. The patronage of the
National Course, as it was called, vied in character even

It was not until about the time of the Mexican War, or,
to be more precise, soon after 1844, that the sun of pros-
perity that had hitherto continuously shone upon its
affairs began to set. Governor Samuel Sprigg, of Mary-
land, was then the President of the club, and it was for
two years or more during his administration that it con-
tinued in a very uncertain condition. Finally, in 1846,
even those who had been most devoted to the turf affairs
of the capital began to recognize the futility of further
efforts to maintain public interest in it. Accordingly the
Jockey Club was disbanded, and racing on the historic
course was altogether abandoned. The political animos-

452

THE AMERICAN TURF

ties of that period, culminating in tlie Civil War sxime
fifteen veais later, were largely responsible foi' a condi-
tion of affairs that prevented, for the time being, any
revival of the old-time interest in racing. Men who
were daily wrought up over the great questions of slav-
ery, State rights and other transcendent political issues
of the dav, had little interest for the turf or other sports,
and could scarcely be expected to meet each other with
equanimity upon any common platform amid the stirring
issues of the hour. So racing died out entirely in the
Federal capital.

After the close of the Civil War attempts were several
times made again to engage public attention to the sport,
and projects were put forth looking to the opening of a

its really lirst great meeting for nearly, if not quite, half
a century.

Those who were most active in the management of
this club at that time were Messrs. J. C. McKibben, John
S. Barbour, George W. Hooker, H. W. Blunt, Hallet
Kilbourn, O. P. Green, H. D. Mclntyre and Colonel
Charles Stone. They were able to secure the attendance
of such stables as those of the Messrs. Lorillard, Dwyer,
Cassatt, Gebhard and others, and inaugurated a really
interesting racing season. In the present the annual
meetings at Bennings, although important, especially as
practically opening the Eastern racing season and attract-
ing general attention, have not attained to the brilliancy
that characterized their predecessors.

r !

i j
i 1

--..

ENTRANCE HALL, THE CLUB HOUSE

MORRIS PARK

new course at the capital by those who had not yet for-
gotten the attractions of the past. When the National
Fair Association was organi-zed great hopes were enter-
tained concerning the future of racing that it was pro-
posed to inaugurate under that management. The asso-
ciation, however, failed to come up to public expecta-
tion, and soon passed out of existence without having
made any definite impression upon turf affairs. This
organization was succeeded by the National Jockey Club,
which came into existence in the early eighties, and in
1883, under the auspices of this club, Washington had

The race courses that continued longest in existence
were the three that have just been mentioned at Peters-
burg, Va. ; Charleston, S. C, and Washington, D. C.
The Metairie, in New Orleans, was also a course that
had pre-eminent standing in the early part of the cen-
tury. It held its position unchallenged for nearly fifty
years quite down to the outbreak of the Civil War. The
Jockey Club that controlled the course offered good purses
and arranged races that attracted the best thoroughbreds
of the time, such as Lexington, Lecomte, Hampton,
Peytona, Fanny King, Charmer, Oliver and numerous

453

THE AMERICAN TURF

others. Upon many an occasion the four-mile day
would bring several of the great champions together,
when they would roll off heat after heat in from 7.31 to
7.46, with every horse well up at the finish. Some of
the most sensational racing events ever run in the United
States took place over this course, and accounts of sev-
eral of them are given in our chapter on Famous Racing
Events, in 1856, the Jockey Club expired by limitation,
but immediately thereafter another association arose as
its successor and started in to restore to the old course
some of the transcendent glories of former days. Among
the veteran turfmen who were particularly interested in
this rejuvenation were Governor Hebert, Judge Cox,

some very good racing there, and their spring meetings
opened the season, which was afterward followed
by the meetings of the Chickasaw Club at Memphis, the
Nashville Jockey Club and then by the Maryland jockey
Club and other courses of the North. On the Metairie
Course in those days were seen such good race horses as
Foster, Morgan Scout, Regent, Bonita, Salina, Nellie
Ransom, Monarchist, Wanderer and others, in 1872,
the Louisiana Jockey Club succeeded the Metairie Jockey
Club in the management of affairs, and racing under its
direction continued to be popular and successful. There
was a time, for a few years, when winter racing was in
vogue in the North, that the Metairie Course suffered

MORRIS PARK

LADIES' PARLOR, THE CLUB HOUSE

Captain Minor, General Wells, D. F. Kenner, William
B. Stark and others. This movement, promising as it
was to the future of the turf in the Southwest, was of
little avail. The tide of Civil War was setting in too
strongly, and after a few years of futile effort racing
matters in New Orleans were for a time relegated to the
background, as they were elsev/here in the country.

At a later date, in the sixties and seventies, interest in
the Metairie Course was revived in the growing public
favor that was again being accorded to racing in all parts
of the country in the post-bellum period. The Metairie
Jockey Club, which had charge of this course, managed

something of a setback. But after Northern winter rac-
ing was abandoned and the turf generally returned to its
normal condition, the old course renewed its former
popularity, and under new management became again
one of the important racing centres of the country.

in the South no race course has ever existed that has
had a longer or more honorable career than that of Lex-
ington, Ky. Many circumstances have operated to make
its well-established pre-eminence historical. Much of
the supreme success which has attached to its career
has unquestionably been due to its favorable location in
the blue grass region, where racing and the breeding of

454

TTTE AMERICAN TURF

the thoroLighbicd have been tlic engrossing occLipation
of the people ever since tiie section passed out of its
wilderness state. The association that controlled the
JA-xington Course for several generations was chartered
in icS^S, but the history of the course can be fairly con-
sidered as long antedating even that time. The Lex-
ington Jockey Club, the oldest active organization of the
kind in the United States, was founded as far back as
I7qs, only a year after Mad Anthony Wayne had broken
the power of the Indian tribes on the Maumee River.
From early in the century down to the breaking out of
the Civil War, two and sometimes three meetings were
held every year, and were uniformly successful from

the war was in progress and all other courses, of
both the North and the South, were deserted, the inher-
ent racing passion of the Kentuckians could not be
dampened, and they continued their attention to the turf
even with war's dread alarms ringing in their ears.
Only in 1862, did they limit themselves to one annual
meeting, that which was held in the spring. In the
autumn of that year circumstances quite beyond their
control compelled them to relinquish their plans for a fall
meeting, since General Kirby Smith with a Federal army
was encamped upon their grounds. This record is the
more remarkable when we consider that, Kentucky, being
a border State, was exposed to the special disturbance

DINING ROOM, THE CLUB HOUSE

MORRIS PARK

every point of view, commanding the attention of the
leading turfmen of the country and enlisting the services
of the great race horses of every period. One thing in
particular has distinguished this course from all others
throughout its whole career. In this respect it is unique,
in that it has been the field, until comparatively recent
years at least, whereon most of the colts destined to
become the great champions made their first appearance.
The Lexington Course has also the enviable distinction
of being the only place in the United States where racing
was continued, practically without interruption, through-
out the dark and tragic days of the Civil War. While

of being overrun by the armies of both contending pow-
ers. Sometimes the Confederates held the City of Lex-
ington, and again the Union forces were in control.
Nevertheless, the racing association was true to its
instincts and unswerving in its determination to main-
tain an unbroken record of meetings, no heed which
army might be in the ascendancy or what might be the
ultimate result of the sanguinary struggle that was
going on.

Although two race courses, as we have elsewhere
seen, early existed on Long Island, in^'the vicinity of
New York, one called the Newmarket, near the centre

455

The AMERICAN TURF

of Suffolk County, and the other near Jamaica, in King's
County, the really great historic courses near the met-
ropolis were not instituted until well into the present
century. In the increasing interest in blood horses
that marked the beginning of our national existence, the
North bore its full share, especially after the present
century had opened. Meantime, the old Newmarket
Course and the Beaver Pond Course, at Jamaica, had
passed out of existence and were well-nigh forgotten.
As early as 1800, however, there were courses at Albany,
Poughkeepsie and Harlem, and races ranging from one
to four-mile heats were run, some very good sport being
put up. Until 1804, so far as the recollection of old turf-

carry on the enterprise as it had been conducted up to
that time. An insuperable difficulty in their way also
arose from the fact that it was almost impossible to
enforce regulations for racing on an uninclosed course,
as had hitherto been attempted. Accordingly, they
reorganized the society and established an inclosed
course, located about a mile from that which they had
previously controlled, and gave it the same name.
Under these auspices racing continued with varying suc-
cess for the ensuing decade or more, and was fairly well
supported by the public-spirited and sport-loving citizens
of the metropolis. Some of those horses who, in them-
selves and their families, have been among the most dis-

SMOKING ROOM, THE CLUB HOUSE

MORRIS PARK

men of previous generations went, there was no regu-
larly organized jockey club in New York City. In that
year an association, whose members were principally
drawn from the farming population of Long Island, was
organized with the definite plan of continuing in exist-
ence for five years. The old Newmarket Course was
secured and remodeled, and two meetings a year, in
May and October, were arranged for. Purses were
offered for four, three and two-mile heats, and the best
racers of the period were there seen.

When this association had expired by limitation the
members found it difficult to raise sufficient funds to

tinguished in the country, were first entered on these
courses. Among them were Tippoo Sultan, Hamble-
tonian, Bright Phoebus, Miller's Damsel, Empress, First
Consul, Cock of the Rock, Eclipse and other noted ones.
Among the turfmen who were regularly seen at New-
market, both in its earlier and its later period, the Messrs.
Bond and Hughes, of Philadelphia, were particularly
conspicuous.

Nor was Newmarket the only course that was open to
lovers of the turf in the vicinity of New York. At Har-
lem a course was kept up for many years during this
period, and one also existed at Powle's Hook, in New

455

THE AMERICAN TURF

Jersey. Howcvlt, it was not until iSiqtiiat tiie citizens
of New Yoiic betian to manifest a full appreciation of the
sport. Legislation against racing, which had hitherto
been of a burdensome character, was at last modified,
and active steps were taken to place turf affairs on a
permanent basis. In that year a jockey club was formed
and a track laid out at Bath, L. I., thus prefiguring the
location of the famous Coney Island and Gravesend
tracks of this generation. The club proved to be a suc-
cessful institution, and very good races were run for
two seasons.

it was found, however, that the location of the course
was not altogether satisfactorv on account of its inaccess-

Course events were largely increased, and racing was
placed on a more elevated and permanent footing than
before.

In 1828, a racing association was organized in Uiitchess
County, New York, and a course laid out near Pough-
keepsie. Liberal purses were offered, and for several
years there was well conducted and good racing, this
course being the scene of some of the best performances
of Mr. John C. Stevens' Black Maria and other horses of
her class. Ten years later the Beacon Course at Hoboken,
N. J., was established, and grounds laid out and build-
ings erected at great cost. Large purses were given,
and for a few years this course was very popular, inas-

SLEEPING APARTMENT, THE CLUB HOUSE

MORRIS PARK

ibility, for we must remember that the means of travel
in those days were not what they are now. A location
nearer the city was accordingly deemed essential, and in
1 82 1, the club purchased a plot of ground some eight
miles from Brooklyn, inclosed it, and laid out a track.
This was the beginning of the celebrated Union Course,
that for nearly fifty years remained one of the most
famous centres of turf interest in America. In fact, it
became the chosen battle ground for the greatest con-
tests between horses that the earlier history of the turf
in this country can show. Under the enterprising man-
agement of the Jockey Club, the purses for the Union

much as it presented some of the leading attractions of
that period. Trenton, N. J., also had a course in these
early days under the name of the Eagle Course, and its
purses insured some good racing. Ultimately, however,
all these courses were abandoned, until in the period
just preceding the Civil War none of them were in exist-
ence, except the old Union Course, and that had been
largely given over to the trotting horse.

For many years previous to the time when discredit
attended the decline of racing in the North, the celebrated
Fashion Course on Long Island was one of the most
popular racing resorts in the country. The course was

457

THE AMERICAN TURF

laid out upon a magnificent scale for those times, and
the enterprise was conducted in a generous and sports-
manlike manner. Thousands of dollars were expended
upon the course, and its original cost was said to have
been not less than five or six times more than had been
the cost of any other course in the country. The head-
quarters of the club were on one of the finest old ances-
tral estates that could be anywhere found in the vicinity
of New York, and on this was a commodious clubhouse
and mansion, with a most attractive, aristocratic air.
Special attention was given by the club management to
accommodate ladies, whose attendance at the meetings
was very much desired; in this respect it was declared

Course, and subsequently the Fashion Course, had passed
out of existence, a new jockey club was organized in
New York in 18^7, at a time when many people looked
forward with confident expectation to a gratifying
change in the condition of turf affairs as they then
existed. The officers of this club were: President,
Robert B. Morris; Vice-Presidents, Anson Livingston,
Francis Morris, William H. Gibbons and Henry Lloyd;
Secretary, Lovell Purdy; Treasurer, William B. Duncan;
Membership Committee, Edward Pearsall, Henry A.
Coster, Robert G. Remsen and Jotham Post, all of them
well known as staunch supporters of the turf and gen-
tlemen of the highest social character. The club enlisted

MORRIS PARK

THE SUPERINTENDENT'S RESIDENCE

that the club vied in distinction even with the old South
Carolina Jockey Club at Charleston, and as a social resort
came to have almost a world-wide reputation. The
Fashion Jockey Club offered generous purses, and stables
from Maryland, Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee and else-
where throughout the South and West were always
represented at its meetings. Messrs. Francis Morris,
John Hunter, Charles R. Coster, William H. Gibbons,
N. B. Young and others not less prominent in the turf
world then were always to be found at this course.
After the jockey clubs that had controlled the Union

the patronage of other gentlemen of social distinction,
and upon their support was based the confident expecta-
tion that New York might again see an era of whole-
some, honest racing such as had distinguished the neigh-
borhood of the metropolis in previous generations.
What might have been the outcome of this new
movement had not the Civil War intervened to destroy
all calculations, it is not possible now to say. It may
be, however, that in this club organization were the
germs of the healthy revival of interest in racing that
was destined to come to full fruit when the American

458

THE AMERICAN TURF

Jockcv (^lub and the K'lvinii.' V:\vk C.ouvsc binssomod into
existence a decade iatei'.

Westchester (.oimlv. New Yoi'k, has (ov more tiian
one hundred years, witiiout a break, been a racing centre
for the North. Its proximity to the great metropolis, its
fine grass lands and the fact that it has always been the
home of many wealthy New York families who have
maintained country-seats there, have been prime contrib-
uting causes to its identification with tLirf affairs. The
names of Morris, Bathgate, Hunter, Jerome and others
hold important places in its racing and breeding annals,
and not a few of the great American thoroughbreds in

those of Mr. Francis Morris. Mr. John Hunter and the
Bathgates in two generations.

imported Barefoot, who won the Doncaster St. Leger
in 1823, came to this country some six or seven years
after and stood in the vicinity of Westchester village.
In a stud at West Farms about the same time was Amer-
ican Eclipse, and in the same place in 1847, imported
Trustee, the sire of the great brood mare Levity, went
the final way of all horses, good or bad. Imported
Leamington and Censor had their homes with Mr. John
Hunter at his Pelham Farm, while for thirteen years,
from i860 to 187^, imported Eclipse stood in Mr. Francis

IN THE LANE

MORRIS PARK

times past have had their homes there. Back in Revolu-
tionary times racing was conducted there upon a broad
meadow near Eastchester Church that was called the race
field, and thither the gentlemen in that part of the coun-
try brought their horses for friendly rivalry and gratified
their inherited English tastes. It was not long after the
general interest in racing began in the early years of the
century that Northern breeders fixed upon Westchester
County as a very desirable location and as affording
many advantages for the development of the thorough-
bred. Several stud farms were established, particularly

Morris' stud at Throgg's Neck. These are only a few
names of the thoroughbreds who have been identified
with Westchester County. For a long time, fifty years
or more ago, a straight mile of roadway in Fordham was
used for a race course, and afterward the Bathgate track
at Morrisania afforded opportunities for speed. This, in
turn, was succeeded by the famous Jerome Park, and
when that had passed away the splendid Morris Park
entered upon the field thus vacated.

Saratoga was the first locality in the North to under-
take racing after the Civil War. In fact, the sport was

459

THE AMERICAN TURF

inaugurated there before the war had ended. The credit
that has been given to that fashionable summer resort as
the cradle of modern racing in the East, is fully merited.
Previous to the inauguration of the sport there the out-
look for the immediate future was poor indeed, for there
seemed slight prospect of returning to the whilom con-
dition of affairs existing before the war. The wealth
and the leisure that had hitherto made the South invin-
cible in pursuit of sports had for the time departed. It
then devolved upon the North to support racing, and
particularly New York, wherein the wealth of the coun-
try had become so considerably concentrated and where
a large population had grown up and could be depended

ing matters during the ensuing quarter of a century and
more, was inaugurated in 1863. The general response
of turfmen from all over the country to this venture and
the patronage of the public was even more gratifying
than those who were most active in the affair had antici-
pated, and the inaugural meeting was altogether success-
ful. At the outset the stables gathered at Saratoga were
few in number when compared with the present day,
and the horses were not numerous. At the first meeting
in 1863, the principal entries were Captain Moore's
Mamona, Mr. D. E. Weldon's Sympathy and Lizzie W.,
Mr. Reedy's Thunder, Mr. Francis Morris' Dangerous
and Surprise, Mr. J. S. Watson's Aldebaran, Mr. John

MORRIS PARK

THE CLUB STABLES

upon to give its practical support to the sport. Saratoga,
being the summer capital of New York, and having for
years drawn to it the patronage of wealthy and fashion-
able folk from all parts of the country, the opportunity
thus offered to establish racing among the pines as a
fashionable divertisement seemed to be almost provi-
dential.

There was an old race track in Saratoga, 296 yards
short of a mile, that had been used in a desultory sort of
a way, and with that as a foundation the new enterprise,
that was destined to play such an important part in rac-

M. Clay's Lodi and Mr. Lloyd's Echo. This first Sara-
toga racing meeting was undertaken entirely upon the
responsibility of John Morrissey, and Charles 'Wheatly,
the eminent turfman, was engaged to act as Secretary
and manager.

Immediately after the close of the meeting several gen-
tlemen of means formed an association for the purpose
of establishing racing in Saratoga upon substantial and
permanent foundation. Mr. William R. Travers was
elected President; Mr. John H. White, Treasurer, and
Mr. Charles Wheatly, Secretary. Of these three officials

460

THE AMERICAN TURF

only Mr. Whe;itly now survives. The Hxecutive Com-
mittee of tile new association bought suitable land on
the southerly side of Union Avenue, and delegated to its
secretary authority to construct the race course. Within
a year this course was completed, to the entire satisfac-
tion of the association, and was ready for use at the
opening of the meeting in the summer of 1864.

For at least twenty years the Saratoga Course contin-
ued on an extraordinary career of almost uninterrupted
prosperity. The modest three days' meetings of 1869
and 1864 rapidly grew in proportions, until in 1870, the
racing season had expanded so as to include two meet-
ings every summer. Not long afterward it developed

the strong and widespread inlliience of Saratoga upon
racing affairs throughout the country. In the seventies
Sai'atoga was patronized by such eminent turfmen as
Messrs. August Belmont, D. D. Withers, Leonard
Jerome. John F. Purdy, Oden Bowie, Charles W. Bath-
gate, John Hunter, W. R. Travers, H. P. McGrath,
Pierre Lorillard, John T. Hoffman, Harry Genet, J. G.
K. Lawrence, M. A. Littell, O. M. Bassett, H. Harding,
William Turnbull, James McGowan and others. At the
track were the stables, year after year, of owners of
national reputation, such as Major Bacon, Captain T. G.
Moore, Colonel D. McDaniel, and Messrs. D. J. Grouse,
R. Wyndham Walden, John Harper, David McCoun,

MORRIS PARK

EXTERIOR OF A RACING STABLE

Still further, such was the demand of the patronizing
public and the enthusiastic rivalry between all the repre-
sentative stables of the North and South. Finally a
season of seven weeks' sport became one of the features
of every summer, and the prosperity that attended this
protracted gathering of sportsmen fully demonstrated
the high standing to which Saratoga had attained as one
of the most prosperous and most influential racing
centres that had up to that time been established any-
where in the United States.

Another thing was soon clearly shown, and that was

461

James Thompson, Woodford Springfield, Ephraim
Snedeker, W. R. Babcock, M. H. Sanford, George L.
Lorillard, Pierre Lorillard, John O'Donnell, Francis Morris,
and many others.

In the course of time changes in the ownership and
management of the Saratoga Course came about. In the
later seventies the course, with all its privileges, was
leased to John Morrissey, with Charles Reed and Albert
Spencer as his partners. No changes were made in the
racing, which still continued under the control and
authority of the Saratoga Association. Upon the death

THE AMERICAN TURF

of Mr. Travers, Mr. James M. Marvin succeeded to the
Presidency. After tlie deatli of Mr. Morrissey, in 1880,
Messrs. Reed & Spencer became tlie lessees of tlie prop-
erty, and continued tlie business until the sale of the
course, which took place early in 1892. Mr. Wheatly
remained Secretary of the association through all these
years, only resigning his office in 1892, when the old
association closed out its affairs and was succeeded by
that which is now in existence.

Early in the eighties the course fell away somewhat
from its former high estate, and its period of decadence
lasted for some considerable length of time. The high

increased the supply beyond its power to care for them
unassisted. Other outlets were needed to make racing
profitable to breeders and owners, and also to meet the
growing interest of the public. Especially was this
true of New York City and vicinity. Thousands there,
who did not always find it practicable or desirable to go
to Saratoga to follow the races, joined in the demand for
courses nearer home. Something of this feeling, as well
as the desire for social prominence, moved the projectors
of the famous American Jockey Club in their building of
the J erome Park Course a few years after Saratoga had
been started. Similar reasons, with perhaps less of the

MORRIS PARK

A RACING STABLE INTERIOR

degree of prosperity that had attended its earlier years
had much to do with bringing about this result. Largely
affected by the influence that went out from this famous
summer resort, and moved also by a consideration of the
success that had elevated Saratoga financially and socially,
as well as from a sporting point of view, followers of
the turf elsewhere naturally saw no reason why they
should not establish other courses that might rival this
parent of modern racing in the North. Another factor
also entered largely into the problem. The demand that
Saratoga had made for racers of the first class had rapidly

social side brought into prominence, led to the establish-
ment of the courses at Monmouth Park, Brighton Beach
and Sheepshead Bay.

Some dissatisfaction with the management of the
Saratoga Course began to be felt, and, for a time, prin-
cipally perhaps on account of the undue prominence of
the purely gambling element there, the course was some-
what under a cloud. With the establishment of Mon-
mouth Park and its subsequent purchase by some of the
leading racing men of the East, several of the great
stables upon which Saratoga had depended, the Ran-

462

THE AMERICAN TURF

coCMS, Westbiooke, Biookdale ;ind (^hfsterbrook, wen.'
withdrawn. This reverse was but temporary, however.
The Brooklyn and the Preakness Stables still continued
to patronize Saratoga. Mr. Aristides Welch's Erdenheim
Stable also came to the front, while numerous stables of
the West and South added their forces. Saratoga soon
started on a career of renewed prosperity, in which it
has continued ever since, with only such incidental
revei'ses as seem to be inseparable from the history of
all great race courses.

For the season of i8q8 the officers of the Saratoga Asso-
ciation were: Edward Kearney, President; John T. Eagan,
Treasurer, and B. A. Chilton, Secretary. Joseph J.
Burke was the judge, M. N. Nolan, Steward, and Matthew

The emphatic success that attended the Saratoga meet-
ings in 1864 and i86s was the direct incentive to the
organization of the American Jockey Club and the estab-
lishment of Jerome Park. Mr. Leonard W. Jerome, the
moving spirit in the new enterprise, engaged Mr. Charles
Wheatly to lay out the place at a cost of probably not
far from half a million dollars. The course, one long
stretch and three curves, was laid out according to the
personal plans of Mr. Jerome, and the club buildings
were also his creation. The entire establishment was
completed at Mr. Jerome's personal expense, he being
the sole proprietor, but the control of racing affairs was
delegated to the American Jockey Club. Ultimately Mr.
Jerome sold the property to a number of gentlemen, who

M3RRIS PARK

THE PADDOCK

Byrnes olTiciated as Starter. The course is one of the
most picturesque in its surroundings of any in the coun-
try. It is beautifully laid out, and all its appointments
are in perfect style. The season extends from late in
July until the first of September. Some of the most his-
toric events in American racing annals have been con-
nected with Saratoga. Those that are most prominent
in recent times are the Flash, the Travers, the Flirtation,
the Alabama, the Congress Hall, the Citizens', the Ken-
ner and the Kearney Stakes, the Hunter Steeplechase,
the Spencer Handicap, the Beverwyck Steeplechase, the
Midsummer Handicap and the Saratoga Green Steeple-
chase.

constituted the Jero'me Park Villa Site and Improvement
Company, of which Mr. Francis Skiddy was the Presi-
dent. The new company, however, only took the place
of Mr. Jerome, and the racing was continued under the
authority of the American Jockey Club.

Probably no race course in the country ever had wider
renown or a more brilliant career than the famous Jerome
Park. In the later sixties it was the most notable resort
in this country not only from the standpoint of racing,
but socially as well. The glories of Jerome Park in the
time when it was famous, wherever gentlemen sports-
men gathered to enjoy this " sport of kings," still linger
fondly in the memory of many who participated in the

463

THE AMERICAN TURF

events of those grand old days. Sport for sport's sake
was the motto then, and the honor of the track was the
honor of the men who controlled it. Here was the
recreation place, the prime interest in life, of such men
as the elder James Gordon Bennett, Commodore Cor-
nelius Vanderbilt, Commodore Cornelius K. Garrison,
Judge A. C. Monson, Senator Thomas Bayard, Mr. Rich-
ard O'Gorman, Mr. Hosea B. Perkins and scores of others
of wealth, refinement and position. There August Bel-
mont pitted his horses against those of his friends,
Messrs. Leonard W. and Lawrence Jerome; there Will-
iam R. Travers loosed the shafts of his wit, and there
Judges Barnard and Donohue came daily through the

of comparison with it existed anywhere in the country.
There was plenty of money back of the club, and under^
the leadership of such men as Messrs. Leonard W.
Jerome, William R. Travers, August Belmont, C. H.
Bathgate, Francis Morris and others it soon became the
racing centre of the country, its meetings may fairly
be said to have served as the foundation for the racing
taste of the present generation. The first meeting in
September, 1866, was a remarkable occasion. It at-
tracted the attention of the best people of New York and
vicinity, and many were the encomiums bestowed upon
the members of the club for the skill with which they
had undertaken the new enterprise. The appointments

MORRIS PARK

A QUIET PART OF THE PADDOCK

racing season to match their judgment of horseflesh or
their skill and luck in poker or whist against James T.
Brady, Charles O'Connor, Cortlandt Morris and others of
that class of sportsmen. If the history of that old race
course had ever been set down by those who were most
familiar with it and were active participants in all the life
that centred around it, the record would be one of the
most entertaining and most valuable pages of metropoli-
tan experience.

When the American Jockey Club was started in i86s,
no important racing organization that was at all worthy

of the course, although they would suffer somewhat
from a comparison with the superb arrangements of
some of the later tracks, called out the warmest com-
mendation. A conservative turf writer of the day thus
expressed himself concerning the enterprise: "We
come upon a race course, stands and stables which far
exceed any we have hitherto seen in this country, and
which are not surpassed, we believe, in any other."
Again, in describing the scene on the first day of the
inaugural meeting, he writes: " The place and its beau-

tiful buildings and surroundings were filled with thou-

464

THE AMERICAN TURF

s;inds of delii;htcd people, whose ndmiration of that
which the club has so speedily effected was intense."

The racing attractions of this meeting were quite in
keepinu' with the importance of the event. Asteroid
came from the West to meet his rival, the great Ken-
tucky. Idlewild. who had been a famous horse, but who
was now in the decadence of power, was also present.
Among the two-year olds. Ruthless and Monday, and
among the three-year olds, Watson and Local, M'ere
especially conspicuous. However, although a new era
in the history of the American turf had dawned with
this meeting, the future was by no means fully assured.
More or less aversion to the turf still continued, and there

interest and to bring about their just rewards. Horses
from all parts of the country came to Jerome Park to
compete for the stakes offered, the i'ich purses holding
out exceptional attraction to them. Many a famous race
was won and lost on that track in its earlier days, and,
as well, in latei' times. Kentucky ran there in his efforts
to beat the time of Lexington, then king of the turf, and
just a stride or two short of the wire lost thousands upon
thousands of New York's money. The National Handi-
cap, won by such great thoroughbreds as Kentucky,
Local. La Polka, Monarchist, Preakness and Vigil; the
Hunter Stakes, won by Remorseless, Woodbine, Madge,
Olitipa and Sultana; the Nursery Stakes, that were car-

MORRIS PARK

GOING TO THE POST

was also a large element in the community that looked
with special disfavor upon racing because of its English
origin. Patriotism engendered by the Civil War, which
had just ended, was the cause of much anti-English feel-
ing, largely, perhaps, on account of the famous Alabama
question, and this intolerance extended even to matters
of racing. Moreover, the effect of the war upon busi-
ness and industrial affairs had not entirely passed away,
and there was much hard work necessary before general
attention could be attracted to sporting affairs.

It was not long, however, before the efforts of the
American Jockey Club began to command respect and

ried off by such representative thoroughbreds as Ruth-
less. Remorseless, Harry Bassett, Rutherford, Leonard
and imported Patience; the Manhattan Handicap, that
fell to Enchantress, R. B. Connolly, Corsican, Fanchon,
Preakness, Picolo, Virginius and others; the Annual
Sweepstakes, won by Nellie McDonald, Kingfisher,
Monarchist, Joe Daniels, Tom Bowling, Tom Ochiltree
and Sultana; the Jerome Stakes, which went to Metairie,
Bayonet, Glenelg, Kingfisher, Harry Bassett, Joe
Daniels. Tom Bowling, Acrobat. Aristides and others;
these, with the Juvenile Stakes, the Westchester Cup
and the Fordham Handicap, were among the great fea-

465

THE AMERICAN TURF

t'ures of the early Jerome Park meetings, and the old turf-
men of the generation that is just passing away look
hack upon the racing connected with them with the
tenderest memories.

After a time the scope of the American Jockey Club
enlarged more and more, and with its new social
aspirations it entered upon an even more brilliant
career than had been anticipated for it. Hitherto custom
had, as a rule, made the attendance of ladies upon racing
events in the Northern States, in contemporaneous
times at least, inadvisable. It appeared, however, that
the time had arrived for a very decided change in this
respect. The character of the gentlemen who managed

gathering. From that day Jerome Park became christ-
ened the Mecca of fashion. Foreigners visiting the city
were always taken there, as being the place of all places
where the most desirable people were to be met. In-
deed, for years the women almost ruled the track, mak-
ing their influence felt in all its concerns. An English
nobleman was once boasting of the character of the
Ascot races in the presence of a member of the Ameri-
can Jockey Club. The American afterward said that he
was proud to be able to declare to the Englishman, as
he did: '• We have at Jerome Park a race track where
you could take your fifteen-year old daughter with never
a fear that she would see or hear aught to harm her. i

MORRIS PARK

THE STARTER'S STAND

the club and the park affairs was a sufticient guarantee,
and the place became a social centre such as the city
never had before possessed. Beautiful and brilliant
women made the clubhouse their other home, there to
while away the hours in pleasure. Scarcely a family of
social importance in New York did not then have its
affiliations in the racing set, and membership in the club
was in itself a sign and seal of position.

The cream of Gotham society honored every racing
occasion with its presence until the costumes on the
grand stand outshone in splendor those seen at any other

have never seen at that track a man drunk, or a woman
disgracing herself.'.'

It was this reputation, which it is almost needless to
say was fully deserved, that established Jerome Park
firmly as a great social as well as racing centre, and
enabled it to hold its position for a quarter of a century.
Yet betting ran high there, the women often being
among the most reckless players. In the clubhouse,
too, there were poker and whist for high stakes, and the
turn of a card often won and lost sums that would have
been enormous to any but the men and women who

466

THE AMERICAN TURF

played. As an outgrowth of this clLib came the Coach-
ing Club, with the Jeromes, Vanderhilts and Belmonts
as founders, and the (xiaching Club House at Fort Wasii-
ington was the scene of many brilliant festivities of the
Jerome Park set. Ultimately, however, the old Ameri-
can Jockey Club spirit began to die out, as the spirit of
sport for sport's sake gave way to a more mercenary
sentiment. Other clubs sprang up in the vicinity of
New York, and Jerome Park ceased to be what it once
was. Racing was continued on the course, however,
until into the nineties, and in the early part of this decade
the Dwyers revived the old American Jockey Club

character of its patronage other supporters of the turf
were encouraged to take up the good work thus well
begun. Saratoga already had a course, and soon the
Maryland and Monmouth Clubs followed, and afterward
came the institution of race courses at Coney Island.
But throughout its earlier career, before it began to
wane, the American Jockey Club never ceased to stand
at the head of turf affairs and to lead its competitors.
The rules which its stewards had formulated for the
government of their course were generally adopted by
other clubs, either in their entirety or modified as might
be necessary to meet new conditions. In every measure

THE START

MORRIS PARK

charter and instituted racing again upon the course for a
year or two. Finally, however, the city of New York
took possession of the park grounds, and constructed
a reservoir on the site as part of the city's water-
works.

Although the American Jockey Club and the famous
park that it controlled have passed out of existence, it is
impossible to overlook the important part that they
played during the years of their existence and the
weighty influence that they had in shaping the future of
the American turf. Through the stimulus of the success
that Jerome Park early achieved and through the high

of turf reform the club took the lead, and its official
action obtained the recognition of turfmen in every part
of the world.

The Maryland Jockey Club had its inception at a din-
ner party at Saratoga in 1868. Racing at that famous
watering-place had already attained to such pre-eminence
as to attract the attention of lovers of the sport from
other parts of the country and to stimulate in them a
desire to emulate in their own localities the achievements
of the Saratoga Course. It was naturally to be expected
that such a feeling should early be developed among
wealthy Marylanders, for their State shared with Virginia

467

THE AMERICAN TURF

and South Carolina the honor of being the birthplace of
American thoroughbred racing. Those who felt in that
year of 1868 that it was quite time that Maryland should
return again to the support of that sport which had been
its former pride and glory, .both as a colony and a State,
decided, to use their own language, "to inaugurate the
contemplated meeting appointed to take place at Balti-
more in 1870 by a sweepstakes of such magnitude as
would command, from its value and the celebrity of the
colts and fillies that would probably be engaged in it, an
attention and an interest from the racing public gratify-
ing to all true friends of the turf in every section of our
common country."

and more valuable character, and became of national
importance. Twenty-two nominations were added to it
in the ensuing summer. For the same meeting, which
was arranged to be held at Pimlico. three additional
stakes were opened, the Supper Stakes for two-year
olds, the Breakfast Stakes for four-year olds, two mile
heats, and the Bowie Stakes for all ages, four-mile heats.
Discussion ■ was rife during the ensuing two years
regarding the result of these events, and confidence in
the favorites shifted from time to time, but when the
horses came to the post Preakness, who had his great
future all before him, carried the dark blue of Mr. M. H.
Sanford easily to the front for the Dinner Party Stakes,

MORRIS PARK

AROUND THE BACK STRETCH

In honor of the occasion and in remembrance of the
particular festivity out of which this determination had
grown, the event was called the Dinner Party Stakes, the
conditions being a sweepstakes for colts and fillies then
three years old, distance two miles. The subscription
was limited to the gentlemen who were present, and
closed with seven subscribers, Messrs. Bowie & Hall, M.
H. Sanford, D. D. Withers, J. J. O' Fallon, Francis Morris,
Denison & Crawford and R. W. Cameron. Subse-
quently, at the request of owners from all parts of the
country, the stake was reopened and made of a broader

while Harry Bassett won the Supper Stakes and Glenelg
secured the Breakfast Stakes and also added the Bowie
Stakes to his prizes. Since 1870, the Pimlico Course has
been the theatre of many great races. All the noted
champions of the American turf have been seen in fierce
struggles upon it, and for many years it was regarded
as a sort of neutral ground for sectional battles between
the East and the West. After two or three years the
name of the Dinner Party Stakes was changed to the
Dixie Stakes, and, as such, it became one of the most
important and most valuable turf events of its period.

THE AMEKICAN TURF

Monmouth I'aik, largely lifted into prominence by
defections from Saratoga, rapidly attained to such suc-
cess and wielded such an extensive and wholesome
influence that it was soon denominated the Newmarket
of America. The gentlemen who managed its affairs
were the owners of the greatest Eastern stables, and had
united themselves in the interests of enterprise and hon-
esty in racing affairs and in the endeavor to eliminate
from the race course some of the abuses that had crept
into it from various sources. The old course at Mon-
mouth was originally the private enterprise of Mr. John F.
Chamberlin, but its most successful and notable career
began when the Monmouth Park Association was organ-
ized and undertook its management. Mr. D. D. Withers

Boudinot (^olt. The oftlcei^s of the association were:
Mr. George L. Lorillard, President, and Messrs. August
Belmont, Pierre Lorillard and \). 1). Withers, directors.

Some of the most important stakes known to the
American turf were established at Monmouth Park,
among them being the Hopeful, July, Tyro, Sapling.
Junior Champion, August and Criterion for two-year
olds; the Lorillard, Monmouth Oaks, Stockton, Stevens,
Omnibus and West End Hotel for three-year olds, and
the Comparative and the Home Bred Produce. Mon-
mouth Park was in every way one of the most success-
ful courses in the vicinity of New York for many years.
It was managed on a generous scale and in a thoroughly
sportsmanlike manner. Its career after Mr. Withers and

MORRIS PARK

DOWN THE TOBOGGAN

was the prime mover in this new attempt to establish
racing by the seaside, and his associates were represen-
tatives of the best elements in and about New York, of
wealth, influence and conservatism.

The combination was sufi^icientiy strong to command
the respect and enlist the co-operation of the leading
turfmen in the country, and thus it was enabled to offer
sport of a character that was particularly engaging to the
public, who attend races- simply for the satisfaction of
being spectators of gamey equine struggles. The first
meeting at Long Branch was held in July, 1870. The
stewards on that interesting occasion were General Van
Vleet and Messrs. John Hoey, Lester Wallack and E.

his friends had assumed control of it was one of steady
prosperity, until the unexpected Puritanism of New Jer-
sey legislation in regard to racing and betting matters
compelled its gates to be closed. The new track that
was laid out under the direction of Mr. Withers and the
splendid new grand stand, clubhouse and other append-
ages made Monmouth palatial, whether as regards the
provision for the comfort of its spectators or of its
equine performers.

The Monmouth Association never recovered from the

setback that it received from the severe Jersey law in

i8qo. Its races were run for the season of 1801 on the

Morris Park track, and afterward for a few years the

469

THE AMERICAN TURF

association returned to its own liome. But the famous
pari< never regained its prestige. Internal dissensions
sprang up in tlie- association, and gradually it became
apparent that the grand old days of Long Branch racing
had gone, perhaps never to return. For a year or two
there were hopes in the hearts of many, but rather hopes
than expectation, that racing might ultimately resume
there something of its old-time brilliancy; but in 1894,
the outcome of the situation was the decision on the
part of the members of the association to abandon the
enterprise altogether. So the race track property was
finally sold, in i8q8, much to the sorrow of those who
had been connected with it in various capacities in the
days of its prosperity.

existed in the olden times. Thus there are many who
are able to indulge their taste for this sport to an extent
such as has never obtained heretofore. It is from this
class tnat our leading sportsmen have been recruited and
from which has come the large army of turf admirers,
whose patronage is essential to the prosperity of the race
course and those who depend more or less upon it.

Time was when this leisure class was principally con-
fined to the South, and tnat accounts for the special
prosperity which attended that section in the earlier
periods of the Republic. The Civil War changed all
that, however, and the Southerners have, to a consider-
able extent, been obliged to forego their love for sport
under the pressure of more material exigencies. This

\ ^-tl

MORRIS PARK

THE FINISH

New York, which leads its sister cities in so many
other respects, has also become the metropolis of racing
in the United States. No longer is the centre of turf
interest in the South and West, as it was in those far-off
days before the Civil War. The centre has changed
from South to North, from Louisville and New Orleans
to New York. The reasons for this shifting of the
scene are numerous, and the strongest of them are
obvious. The rapid increase of individual wealth and
its concentration in New York in these closing years of
the century have created a leisure class, such as scarcely

condition of affairs has brought about the comparative
subordination of the Southern race courses to those
near New York. Moreover, the generous patronage
that can be counted upon for racing meetings about the
metropolis has made possible a local management of turf
affairs upon a broad and liberal scale that has naturally
proven an irresistible attraction to all the best horses in
the country. Large purses and other considerations
have had the inevitable result of making turfmen every-
where regard New York as the Mecca toward which
their footsteps are annually turned. While there have

470

THE AMERICAN TURF

been important events nnd heavy stakes set up on race
courses elsewhere in the country from time to time,
these have been exceptional than otherwise, when com-
pared with the more numerous and moi'e valuable prizes
that have challenged the attention of all horsemen in
connection with the New York tracks.

We have already seen the important and influential
part that was played by the American Jockey Club and
Jerome Park in the renaissance of contemporaneous rac-
ing, and attention has also been called to the establish-
ment of those notable race courses at Saratoga and Long
Branch whose brilliant records till many pages of modern
turf annals. They have not been alone in the field, how-
ever, although they were the pioneers, and upon them
or a long time devolved^the agreeable task of maintain-

long identified with the American Jockey Club. It was
becoming apparent to many that the time would soon
arrive when there might be an urgent necessity for
another association that should be the inheritor of all
that had made Jerome Park most famous. Moreover,
between the Spring Meeting of the American Jockey
Club and the Summer Meeting of the Monmouth Park
Association there was a vacant time covering several
weeks, which, it was thought, might be advantageously
utilized. There were close restrictions on betting at
that time; but, nevertheless, racing interest in the vicinity
of New York and Brooklyn was still maintained at a high
point.

Influenced by these and other considerations, and also
attracted by the already great popularity of Coney Island

ON THE ROAD TO THE SHEEPSHEAD BAY RACES

ing racing on a splendid scale and in an energetic and
honorable manner, and in laying the foundation for the
present prosperity of the American turf as a national
institution. Following closely upon their footsteps came
other associations and other courses whose careers have
not been less honorable, nor, in their way, less influen-
tial, in advancing the best interests of the "sport of
kings."

It was in the later seventies that the gentlemen inter-
ested in racing in the vicinity of New York felt the
demand for additional opportunities for the enjoyment of
the sport. The glories of Jerome Park were already
beginning to fade, and Monmouth Park did not alto-
gether appeal to the particular element that had been

as a local watering-place, Messrs. Leonard Jerome, John
G. Heckscher and James R. Keene, with others, effected
a ternporary organization and leased the Prospect Driv-
ing Park, the same grounds as those afterward owned
by the Brooklyn Jockey Club. A three-days meeting was
held in the year 187Q, during which sixteen races
were run, together with the Queens Countv Hunt Cup
and the Westchester Polo Club Cup. The judges
were Messrs. Carroll Livingston, John G. Heckscher
and J. H. Bradford ; the timers, Messrs. W. K. Vander-
bilt and H. Skipwith Gordon; the Secretary, J. G.
Heckscher, and the starter, Captain William M. Connor.
Among owners represented on this historic occasion
were Messrs. W. P. Burch, George L. Lorillard, John

471

THE AMERICAN TURF

McCullough, W. E. Sanford, F. Gray Griswold and the
Dwyer Brothers.

As an outcome of this successful initial meeting the
Coney Island Jockey Club was permanently organized,
and an autumn meeting was held in September. At
that time the purses and added money amounted to
$12,000. Nineteen races were run, and the winning
owners included Messrs. Pierre Lorillard, George L.
Lorillard, D. D. Withers, W. P. Burch, L. Hart, W.
Jennings, C. Reed, E. V. Snedeker, E. J. Baldwin, S. L.
Waitzfelder, who then owned Luke Blackburn; the
Dwyer Brothers, Bennett & Co., the Newport Stable
and the Daly Brothers.

into for the construction of the track and the building of
stands and stables. As soon as spring opened the work
was begun, and by the middle of June a perfectly
appointed race track of one mile had been completed,
with an excellent steeplechase course in the inner field,
and with all the necessities for first-class racing head-
quarters in the way of saddling paddocks, trainers'
stands, members' stand and lunch room, an open field
stand, with judges' and timing stands and betting con-
veniences.

Since the place was first laid out the grounds have
been extensively enlarged and improved. In the spring
of 1884, the track was lengthened to a mile and a fur-

CONEY ISLAND JOCKEY CLUB

CARRIAGE ENTRANCE TO GROUNDS

The successs of the new venture was now assured
beyond peradventure. The attractions of the seaside
and the comforts to be enjoyed there in the summer
months, for the purposes of racing, had become fully
demonstrated, and the members of the club forthwith
entered upon a determination to establish themselves
permanently at Sheepshead Bay. Some one hundred
and twelve acres of land, situated on Ocean Avenue and
about three-quarters of a mile inland from the Manhattan
Beach Hotel, were purchased. Before the winter was
over all the plans had been made and contracts entered

long, with a short chute for races at a mile, which was
really an extension of the back stretch. Considerable
money was also spent on making a mile course on the
grass inside of the regular track. This last feature has
always been a special attraction of Sheepshead Bay.
The opportunity that it affords for seeing a race actually
on the turf, as it is in England, rather than on the pre-
pared track of the American course, has been thoroughly
appreciated, even by those who are the strongest advo-
cates of the American system. In 1887, the club owned
168 acres of ground, and has made additions since then

472

THE AMERICAN TURF

including IS acres in 188S, lor a straight track, known
as the Futurity Course, which is 170 feet short of thrce-
Liuarters of a mile.

The inaugural meeting of the Coney Island Jockey
Club began June iq, 1880, and continued six days.
Thirty races were run for a total of $22,000 in added
money and purses. In the judges' stand upon this occa-
sion were Messrs. J. H. Bradford, W. K. Vanderbilt and
J. G. K. Lawrence. The timers were Messrs. J. R.
Coffin and Robert Center, with Captain J, H. Coster at
the scales and Colonel R. W. Simmons as starter. The
prominent events of this tlrst meeting were the Tidal,
Foam, Surf and Mermaid Stakes, the Coney Island Handi-

can turf annals has taken place under its supervision. Year
after year the meetings have shown an advance in the
style of racing, in the amount of added money and in
the evident aim of'the management to make the Sheeps-
head Bay Course the great centre of racing and of social
standing in sporting matters of the metropolis. The
club has always encouraged all that is good in racing,
and has been a sturdy opponent of all that is discredit-
able. Stakes productive of the highest class of racing
have from time to time been opened, and two of them
in particular have given to this course a renown that is
not limited by the confines of New York, nor even of
the United States. Were no other races ever run there

CONEY ISU\ND JOCKEY CLUB

LOOKING TOWARD THE FUTURITY COURSE FROM THE CLUB HOUSE

cap, the Coney Island and the Stirrup Cups, and the
Coney Island Derby. The winning owners included
Messrs. Pierre Lorillard, George L. Lorillard, W. A.
Engeman, W. Jennings, W. M. Conner, A. Burnham
and the Dwyer Brothers. Among the winning horses
were Brambaletta, Luke Blackburn, Spinaway, Monitor,
Glidelia, Grenada, Warfield, Ventilator, Glenmore and
Duke of Montrose.

In the nearly two decades that have elapsed since the
Coney Island Jockey Club opened its gates at Sheepshead
Bay some of the most famous racing known to Ameri-

save the Suburban and the Futurity the position of
Sheepshead Bay in the annals of turf history would be
firmly established beyond all cavil. On the days upon
which these events are decided the attendance is greater
than that seen at any time on any other metropolitan
racecourse during the season. The public interest in
these famous fixtures is, in its way, scarcely second to
the absorbing attention that, in England, is bestowed
upon the great classic events, like the Derby, the Two
Thousand Guineas and the St. Leger.

Other Sheepshead Bay handicap fixtures for all ages

473

THE AMERICAN TURF

have included the Bay Ridge, Sheepshead Bay, Knicker-
bocker and Universal, at the June Meeting, and the Twin
City, New York, Omnium and Mayflower, at the Sep-
tember Meeting. Of the fixtures for three-year olds, the
Swift, Mermaid, Emporium and Spindrift, and the Coney
Island Derby at the June Meeting, have always been of
distinguished character, while the September Stakes and
the Bridge Handicap at the September Meeting have
rivaled them in interest. The most important stakes for
two-year olds have been the Foam, the Surf and Great
Trial, at the June Meeting, and the Autumn and Flat-
bush, and the Great Eastern Handicap in September.
The names of many others might be added, such as the

Sheepshead Bay has always enjoyed a popularity pe-
culiarly its own. It has attracted the attendance of the
foremost turfmen in the country and of the finest class
of patrons in the metropolitan district. The delight-
ful nature of its surroundings, which include glimpses
of the ocean, pretty timber, well kept turf and flower
beds, and last, but not least, during the warm days of
summer, the almost invariably pleasant sea breezes have
been among the many reasons for its popularity. While
these considerations have undoubtedly had more or less
effect, one must look further for a full explanation of the
high standing, socially and professionally, of this great
race course. The meetings are well managed, the con-

CONEV ISLAND JOCKEY CLUB

CLUB HOUSE DINING ROOM

Siren, Spring, Volunteer, Thistle, Vernal, Speed and
other stakes, and the Turf, Long Island and other handi-
caps. The Coney Island Cup has also had a prominent
place with the greatest cup fixtures of the United States.
Then, in recent times, the Double Event and the Realiza-
tion have only held second place to the Suburban and
the Futurity. In memoriam of its former president, J. G.
K. Lawrence, the Coney Island Jockey Club recently
changed the name of the Realization Stakes to the Law-
rence Realization, the first running under the new name
to be in 1900.

veniences for horsemen are of the most improved char-
acter and the public is always assured of first-class
racing and an honest conduct of affifirs. The material
improvements that have been made in recent years, es-
pecially the new club house that was opened in 1898,
have added to the attractions of the place. This club
house, with all its complete appointments, is one of the
finest of its kind in the United States.

Socially, the Coney Island Jockey Club has always
held a pre-eminent and unchallenged position. In this
respect it has succeeded to the inheritance of the dis-

474

THE AMERICAN TURF

tinction th;it the American Jockey Club enjoyed for so
many years. No other racing association in the United
States compares with it in this respect, and it is one of
the soundest and most brilliant social organizations that
has ever existed in New York. The list of its officers shows
at a glance its eminence in this respect. For 1898, the
Governors of the club are: Messrs. J. Harry Alexandre,
James Gordon Bennett, J. H. Bradford, Daniel Butter-
field, John M. Bowers, Cornelius Fellowes, Robert Goelet,
F. Gray Griswold, John G. Heckscher, Thomas Hitch-
cock, Jr., H. B. HoUins, Lawrence Kip, C. H. Kerner,
H. K. Knapp, Pierre Lorillard, A. Newbold Morris, H. I.
Nicholas, Herbert C. Pell, Schuyler L Parsons, F. Au-

ever remain without its great race course. The traditions
of the locality made it almost imperative that it should
always be pre-eminently identified with racing interests.
For a generation, as we have seen, Jerome Park met the
demand in this connection, and when that famous insti-
tution was hastening towards its day of disappearance,
another sprang up to take its place and has not been less
worthily representative of the best interests of racing in
and about New York than the best of its predecessors
and contemporaneous rivals.

That the new institution, which was to occupy the
field so long and so strongly held by Jerome Park, should
be the creation of a member of the Morris family was

CONEY ISLA^D JOCKEY CLU8

SADDLING PADDOCK

gustus Schermerhorn, William H. Taller, James P. Scott,
William K. Vanderbilt, J. W. Wadsworth and George
Peabody Wetmore. The president is Colonel Lawrence
Kip, the vice-presidents Messrs. William K. Vander-
bilt and John G. Heckscher, the treasurer Mr. J. H.
Bradford, and the secretary Mr. Cornelius Fellowes.
The executive committee consists of the president,
vice-presidents, treasurer and secretary, and Messrs.
Daniel Butterfield, George Peabody Wetmore, Herbert
C. Pell, F. Gray Griswold, and J. Harry Alexandre.
It was impossible that Westchester County should

fully in accord with the fitness of things, For several
generations the Morris family has been identified with
all that is best in thoroughbred racing in West-
chester County, and when Mr. John A. Morris deter-
mined to construct the course that now bears his name,
racing men felt the utmost confidence that the establish-
ment would be an honor to the American turf and a credit
to one of the greatest racing families that the United
States has ever known. It was in 1887 that Mr. Morris
first conceived this plan to revive the old racing glories
of Westchester. it was not, however, until the begin-

475

THE AMERICAN TURF

ning of June, 1888, that the work was actually begun.
A year was required before the now famous Morris Park
was in such shape that the gates could be thrown
open to the public. As a matter of fact, however, the
work of construction and improvement was continued
constantly for several years thereafter, under Mr. Morris'
direction, before he was satisfied with his creation.

An enormous amount of money was invested by Mr.
Morris in this enterprise. A few years ago the estate,
which consisted of 350 acres, was assessed at $3,000,000.
It has been estimated that, first and last, the sum ex-
pended in purchasing and improving the property has

cumference. The famous Withers Course is one mile
around. The Eclipse Course, known also as the "To-
boggan," is a nearly straight six furlongs with a con-
siderable decline. Morris Park has always had a reputa-
tion of being a very fast track, especially for distances of
six furlongs or under. Some of the best records known
to the American turf have been created there. Among
those which standjn this day are Geraldine's half mile in
46 seconds, in 1889 ; Handpress' 4/4 furlongs in 52 sec-
onds, in 1897 ; Maid Marian's ^8 of a mile in 56^ sec-
onds, in 1894 ; Tormentor's 5J-3 furlongs in i minute, 3
seconds, in 1893 ; Domino's ^4 mile in i minute, 9 sec-

VIEW OF GRAND STAND FROM THE FIELD

not been much, if any, less than that amount. The lo-
cation, although by reason of accessibility to the city
and in other respects it is eminently desirable, presented
many obstacles. There was a large bog to be filled in,
which also called for extensive drainage, while the rocky
nature of the soil proved a constant difficulty. The
original intention of constructing a course one mile and
a half in circumference was frustrated by the rocky
ledges that were encountered, and the inequalities of the
ground are responsible for the so-called " Matterhorn "
ascent and a similar descent in the main course.

The outer course is one and one-eighth miles in cir-

onds, in 1893 ; Sir John's 15/16 miles in 2 minutes, 14)^
seconds, in 1892 ; Hindoocraft's iSs miles in 2 minutes,
48 seconds, in 1889; Ben Holladay's i}i miles in 2
minutes, 59^ seconds, in 1897, and Tom Hayes' %
mile heats in i minute, io>4 seconds, and i minute,
12)4 seconds, in 1892. Other good records have also
from time to time been made on this track, among them
being Fides' Toboggan Slide Handicap at 6 furlongs in i
minute, \o}( seconds ; La Tosca's sj^ furlongs in i
minute, 4^ seconds, and the same thoroughbred's i
mile in i minute, 39^4 seconds, and Tristan's Metropoli-
tan Handicap, i/'s miles, in i minute, 51^1^ seconds.

476

THE AMERICAN TURF

Repciitedly live furlontis h;ivc been run there in S9 sec-
onds, by Britt;inic, Fordh;ini, Saliie McClelland, Annie
Qiieen ;md Johnny Heckscher.

The accommodations provided for patrons by Mr.
Morris at Westchester were of the most elaborate char-
acter. The clubhouse is a magnificent building, com-
pletely litted throughout, not only comfortably, but even
luxuriously. From the ball room down to the least im-
portant apartments everything is in the most perlect
taste. The grand stand, measuring 650 by 100 feet, has
accommodations for more than 10,000 people on its
single tier, with a spacious promenade and wide aisles.
Beneath are the betting ring, dining rooms, lunch count-

Altogether the establishment was laid out and com-
pleted by Mr. Morris on an elaborate scale, regardless
of expense. When it was opened to the public in
August, 1889, it excited general admiration and
unbounded praise for its proprietor. It was generally
agreed that in the perfection of its appointments it sur-
passed, as one writer at that time said, " Flemington,
Ascot, Longchamps or Buenos Ayres, which have until
now been the best in the world." The inaugural meet-
ing began on August 20, 1889, and on that day Mr.
Porter Ashe's beautiful fast filly, Geraldine, ridden by
Isaac Murphy, won the Opening Scramble at five fur-
longs in I minute. On a later day, at the same meeting,

CONEY ISLAND JOCKEY CLUB

A GROUP OF FAVORITES

ers and other necesary appointments. Three towers
crown this structure and add to the beauty of its archi-
tectural effect. In front of the clubhouse and the grand
stand a lawn slopes down to the rail. Alike from the
buildings or the lawn the view of all the racing is well-
nigh perfect. Beyond the clubhouse is the saddling
paddock, with spacious shed and a pleasant, shady
grove. There are nearly two miles of stables and about
1,000 horses can be accommodated. The stables are built
in groups which hold from eight to forty horses each,
and have perfect ventilation and drainage.

Britannic reduced the five furlongs record to 59 seconds,
and EI Rio Rey the six furlongs record to i minute 1 1
seconds. The- racing was long conducted under the
auspices of the New York Jockey Club, Mr. H. De-
Courcy Forbes, President, although the entire enterprise
belonged to its proprietor, Mr. John A. Morris. Some
of the great stakes and handicaps that had been con-
rtected with Jerome Park were transferred to the new
course, and have ever since been run there.

Early in the nineties Mr. Morris felt disposed to relin-
quish his active interest in the management of the Park,

477

THE AMERICAN TURF

and, in 1895, the property was leased to the Westchester
Racing Association, under whose management the
meetings have since been continued. This Association
is controlled by some of the most prominent members
of The Jockey Club. The most notable events of the
Morris Park seasons are the Metropolitan. Toboggan,
Jerome, Ramapo, Hunter and Municipal Handicaps,
the National Stallion, the New York Steeplechase
Handicap, the Autumn Serials, and the Belmont,
Gaiety, Nursery, Belle Meade, Eclipse, Pocantico, Van
Nest, Bouquet, Champagne, Withers and other stakes.
A feature of the meetings is the steeplechase racing,
which has lately assumed more than ordinary inter-
est, some especially important races being regularly
put on the card for this class.

The Brooklyn Jockey Club has a glory of its own in
the Brooklyn Handicap, that is scarcely second in pop-
ularity and distinction to any of the great fixtures
of the American turf At Gravesend during the season
many of the most sensational and most reliable thor-
oughbreds are seen. The club that controls the racing
was the creation of the Dwyer Brothers, and is now in
the hands of Mr. Philip J. Dwyer. The course is not
extensive, nor are the grounds elaborately laid out, but
a great deal of excellent racing is seen there. In addition
to the famous Brooklyn Handicap other events that are
contested for on this track have called out many notable
runners, and have commanded the full patronage of the
public. Most prominent among them may be men-
tioned the Fort Hamilton, Woodlawn, Oriental, Brook-
dale, Parkway and Lawn View Handicaps; the
Bedford, Falcon, Tremont, Expectation, Prospect, Spec-
ulation and other stakes; the Brooklyn Derby and the
Brooklyn Cup.

The Brighton Beach race course was another response
to the popular demand for opportunities to enjoy racing
in the immediate vicinity of New York City. It was
felt that the time had arrived when a popular race course
for the masses might be established upon the seashore in
the immediate neighborhood of New York and not con-
flict with the older and longer established courses, while
at the same time offering first-class racing. Such was
the feeling that led to the founding of this course by the
late William A. Engeman, The enterprise was pre-emi-
nently successful from the start. Some very good sport
has been seen there.

When Mr. William A. Engeman died, his brother,
Mr. George H. Engeman, succeeded to the presidency
of the Brighton Beach Racing Association, but several
years ago the present Mr. William A. Engeman, son of
the founder of the track, took command, and, under
his direction, the course has become popular alike with
owners and trainers, as well as the race-going public.
Many improvements and additions have been made to

the property, until now it is well appointed throughout.
A peculiar fact in the history of the Brighton Beach As-
sociation has been the interest that the founders have
taken in charitable enterprises. During the nineteen
years of its existence, it has had, on many different oc-
casions, benefit days for public and individual charities.
Brighton was also a leader in the movement to re-estab-
lish long-distance racing several years ago. The effort
culminated in 1897, in the Brighton Cup, 2% miles, in
which occurred that memorable finish between those
two good three-year olds. The Friar and Sunny Slope.

A comparatively recent aspirant for turf honors in the
vicinty of New York is the Queens County Jockey Club,
of which Mr. Thomas D. Reilly is the president and
active manager. The spring racing in the vicinity of the
metropolis begins on the Aqueduct Course, controlled
by this club, and attracts representatives from the best
stables of the country. Thoroughbreds come thither
directly from Bennings, Washington and from New Or-
leans and the Southwest circuit. The early season at
Aqueduct is regarded with interest, not alone for the
good racing that it presents, but also for its value as
giving a line upon horses that are likely to be seen in
the great events upon the larger tracks later in the sum-
mer. Among the principal races of the Aqueduct spring
meeting are the Carter Handicap, the Rose, Arverne,
Canarsie, Ozone, Rockaway, Jamaica and Flushing
Stakes.

Although it is generally conceded that the best racing
of the present generation is seen upon the large metro-
politan tracks, there are many meetings in other sections
of the country that are only secondary in interest to
those just referred so. The racing associations in the
South and West and far away under the shadow of the
Rocky Mountains and upon the PacificCoast have played
no small part in contemporaneous affairs. The courses
that have been established and operated under their dis-
interested and enthusiastic direction, besides many that
have been simply individual enterprises, must be classed
among the important and influential elements in the de-
velopment of the modern turf of the United States. So
numerous have these been in the last quarter of a century
that it is possible, within restricted space, to refer in the
briefest manner only to a comparatively few of them.

The associations and courses of New York, Kentucky,
New Orleans, Chicago, Cincinnati, St. Louis and a few
other places have really been the most prominent in this
connection during the present decade, although the
number of smaller institutions, very useful and success-
ful in their way, have been numbered by the hundreds.
Chicago was somewhat slow in coming to the front in rac-
ing affairs, and it was not until well into the seventies that
much interest was there manifested in the running horse.
Some of the first attempts in the direction of populariz-

478

THE AMERICAN TURF

ing this sport in the G;irden City were directed toward
the whoilv incongruous arrangement of combining
racing and trotting meetings. Although this experi-
ment was, as might have been expected, utterly futile,
nevertheless, in those early days of Chicago racing,
some notable events occurred that have become
historic. Pat Malloy achieved some of his greatest
triumphs in that city, and on the old Dexter Park Course
The Banshee, Gilroy, Merrill and Malcolm delighted
many thousands with their performances. On that
course, too, Plantagenet showed his stamina as a four-
miler and as a worthy descendant of the great Planet.

It was not until 1879 that turf affairs really assumed
much prominence in the Garden City. The Jockey
Club that was then organized met with unexpected
popular approval, and the inaugural meeting at the
Driving Park was a notable occasion with Molly Mc-
Carthy, Wallenstein, Mistake and others as the stars. In
1884 the Washington Park Course was opened under
the management of the Driving Park Association, and
several events that were destined to become famous
were inaugurated. First among these was the American
Derby, which, it was hoped by its founders, would ulti-
mately be the dominant fixture of the American turf
That result, however, was never attained, although the
American Derby has always held a good position with
the great races of other courses in the United States.
During the eighties and nineties the Washington Park,
Hawthorne Park and Harlem tracks afforded the prin-
cipal opportunities for racing in Chicago. In the storm of
adverse legislation upon racing matters that swept over
the country in the early nineties, the Washington Park
Course succumbed and finally closed its gates. More
recently, however, racing has been resumed there under
fairly promising conditions.

In California, the California Jockey Club is the oldest
racing association of the Pacific Coast, being practically
a survival of San Francisco's old Pacific Coast Blood
Horse Association. Its President, Mr. Thomas H. Will-
iams, Jr., was really the founder of the club, and asso-
ciated with him are Colonel D. M. Burns, Vice-President,
and R. B. Milroy, Secretary, those officers and Major
Frank McLaughlin and Messrs. M. S, Gunst and Henry
Ach, comprising the Board of Directors. For a time the
club held its meetings upon the Bay District track in
San Francisco, but, in 1896, opened at Oakland the
grounds that have since become famous. The property
was formerly the Oakland Park Trotting Track, but was
transformed into one of the finest running courses in the
country. It is a very fast track, as has been shown by
many performances, notably Lucretia Borgia's four miles
in 7 minutes, 1 1 seconds. The appointments of Oak-
land Park, its grand stand, betting ring, paddock and
other structures are of the most commodious character.

It was in 1895 that the Ingleside track of the Pacific
Coast Jockey Club was opened. This association was
started by Messrs. A. B. Spreckles, Henry J. Crocker,
Edward Corrigan and other prominent California racing
men. Mr.Spreckles was the first President, with Henry J.
Crocker Vice-President, and W. S. Leake, Secretary.
Subsequently Mr. S. N. Androus became President. The
Ingleside track is situated on the Ocean House road, not
far from the old track that was made famous in the sev-
enties by the great four-mile races between such cracks
as Norfolk, Katie Pease, Thad Stevens, Rutherford and
others.

Time and space would both fail should an attempt be
made to go extensively and carefully, as the subject de-
mands, into the history of other associations and descrip-
tions of other courses that have been more or less
prominent, active and useful in this last quarter of a
century of American thoroughbred racing. Reference
has, to some extent, already been made to them in the
chapter on Racing Officials. From a consideration of
the names of the gentlemen identified with the official
boards of these associations a very clear idea can be
gained of the status of the turf in these latter days, both
as regards its racing connections and its social condi-
tion. Fuller accounts of the associations and of their
work in upholding racing interests, and a description of
the results of their enterprise in establishing and main-
taining great race courses, together with an account of
the special events respectively identified with them,
would make a recital as interesting as it would be ex-
tensive. It must be sufficient to say, however, that in
all these particulars the turf of to-day is a worthy
inheritor of the best traditions of the past, while its pres-
ent supporters, even more than their predecessors, are
doing a notable work by the expenditure of time and
money in sustaining these numerous and superbly ap-
pointed courses that, more fully than anything else,
demonstrate the hold that the sport has upon the com-
munity at large in these later days.

With this brief account of a few of the most famous
racing associations and courses of the American turf,
past and present, this volume must be brought to an
end. The task undertaken in its preparation has been
arduous, but at the same time wholly delightful. It is
a pleasant chapter of American history that deals with
the thoroughbred family and all the manifold enterprises
grouped in connection therewith. In studying this
record one cannot fail to be impressed with wonder at
the magnitude of the interests involved in breeding and
racing, with admiration for the work that has been
done by the great turfmen in the several generations
included in the retrospect and with a deep enthusiasm
for a sport that has commanded the attention and the
energies of the foremost men in the community and has

479

THE AMERICAN TURF

been made glorious by the performances of the
noblest horses that ever struggled with each other for
victory.

Combining, as has been done, this review of the past
with an abundant and deserved consideration of the men
of to-day, who in various capacities are now upholding
the honor and advancing the welfare of the turf, there
comes a final thought that is more than ever interesting
and encouraging. What has been done in the past,
however glorious it may have been, appears at every
point to have been, in a certain sense, only a stepping
stone to something better and grander. Particularly
does this seem true when, standing at the close of what

is really the first complete century of American racing,
we see the sport established on firmer ground than ever
before and with more abundant promise. To those
who study the situation closely there is, alike in the
modern perfection of the great thoroughbreds and in the
character of the active turfmen of the period, the fullest
assurance of a future that shall outshine in brilliancy
anything that has preceded it. If the present volume
shall, even in a small way, attract more attention to the
subject than has heretofore been given to it and thus be
a contributing factor in bringing about this result, the
labor that has been expended upon it will not have been
in vain.

I

480

INDEX

i

i

N D E X .

AALEEN PACHA 165

ABBAS PACHA 165

ABBEY Ill

ABBEY NURSERY HANDICAP 102

ABBOTSFORD 125

ACH, HENRY 479

ACQUITAL 170

ACROBAT 52, 465

ACTINISM 130

ADAGE 172

ADA GLENN 92

ADA LAMBERT 249

ADAMS, JOHN QUINCY 270

ADA TEVIS 67, 6S

ADD 72

ADLER, ALBERT 444

ADLER, JOHN J 444

ADVENTURER 113

AEROLITE 41

^ROLITE 109

AEROLITHE 174

AFFIANT 20S

AFFINITY ISl, 208

AGENORIA 177

AGITATOR 335

AGNES 116

AHOM 297

AIKENS, CHARLES 423

AIRPLANT 170

AIRSHAFT 170

AIRTIGHT 170

AJAK 300

ALABAMA STAKES 73, 97, 353, 463

ALARIC 390

ALARM 30, 9S, 102, 106, 114, 135, 173

ALARUM 322

ALBANIAN 231

ALBANY 131

ALBIA 114

ALBINE 95, 96

ALDEBARAN 460

ALEMEDA 255

ALEXANDER, A. J.. 30, 95, 96, 98, 104, 128, 168

ALEXANDER, DANIEL 358

ALEXANDER, ROBERT A 36, 38, 41, 82

85, 90, 94, 167, 168

ALEXANDER STAKES 107

ALEXANDER, T. B 422

ALEXANDER, WILLIAM T 269

ALEXANDRE, J. HARRY 475

ALGERIA HANDICAP HI, 223, 231

ALGERIA STUD. 51, 100, 112, 167, 173, 174, 400

ALGERINE 174

ALICE CARNEAL 30, 65, 85

ALICE HAWTHORNE 95,197

ALICIA 237

ALL AGED STAKES 93, 127

ALLEMDORF

ALLEN, DAVID ....
ALLEN, DUDLEY ..
ALLEN HANDICAP
ALLEN, JOHN

36

361

366

140

59

ALLEN, MATTHEW 337, 349, 418

ALLERTON, ISAAC 15

ALL-HANDS-AROUND 1(4

ALLIE HUNT 107

ALMONT 342

ALMY 231

AL ORTH 249

ALSTON, WM 20, 27, 28, 80, 269, 270, 451

ALTONWOOD PARK 306

AMAZON ISl, 210, 224

AMBROSE 99, 115

AMBULANCE 245, 246

AMEER 307, 322

AMERICAN AND ENGLISH TURF,
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE... 119

AMERICAN DERBY 91,169,479

AMERICAN ECLIPSE... 21, 30, 31, 34, 59, 60
61, 68, 79, 80, 91, 98, 166, 274, 275, 276, 277, 370
459

AMERICAN HORSE EXCHANGE,
LIMITED 262, 263, 264, 265, 266

AMERICAN HORSES IN ENGLAND... 121
122, 125

AMERICAN JOCKEY CLUB,.. 44, 45, 47, 49
50, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 141, 142, 274, 275
276, 277, 279, 435, 444, 446, 459, 462, 463, 464
4C5, 466, 467, 471, 475

AMERICAN JOCKEYS 370

AMERICAN JOCKEYS ON THE ENG-
LISH TURF 370, 373, 375

AMERICAN THOROUGHBREDS 79

AM. THOROUGHBREDS, EARLY NA-
TIVE 26,27,28, 29

AMERICAN THOROUGHBREDS ON
THE ENGLISH TURF 84, 88, 94

AMERICAN TURF CONGRESS, THE... 144
156, 158, 243

AMERICAN TURF, EARLY DAYS OF. IS
32

AMERICAN TURF, ENGLISH DISRE-
GARD OF 121

AMERICAN TURF, ENGLISH JOCK-
EYS ON 371, 407, 408, 410, 418

AMERICAN TURF, ENGLISH OPIN-
IONS OF 119

AMERICAN TURF IN NINETEENTH
CENTURY 26

AMERICAN TURF, IRISH JOCKEYS
ON 388, 403, 411, 413, 415

AMERICAN TURFMEN, FAMOUS... 32, 33
36, 38, 39, 46, 50, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 133, 144
161, 217, 229, 235, 243, 249, 253, 259, 263, 269

274, 280, 451, 453, 460, 461, 464, 469, 471, 479
AMERICAN TURFMEN IN ENG-
LAND 119, 148

AMERICAN TURFMEN IN EUROPE.. 119

275, 277, 278, 280

AMERICAN TURF REGISTER AND

SPORTING MAGAZINE, THE 42

AMERICUS 130

AMUS 338

ANACONDA RACING ASSOCIATION.. 158

ANDERSON, GEORGE B 414

ANDREW 86

ANDREWETTA 27, 68

ANDROUS, S. N 157,479

ANDY WOODWARD 355

ANN CLARK- 41

ANNETTE 52

ANN FIEF 168

ANNIE BUSH 101

ANNIE F 109

ANNIE G 303

ANNIE QUEEN 477

ANNIESWOOD STABLE 135

ANNISETTE 322

ANNUAL SWEEPSTAKES... 93, 104, 274, 465

ANTICIPATION STAKES Ill

ANTI-POOL LEGISLATION 56

ANTONIDUS, WILLIAM H 237

APOLLO 19, 77

APPLEBY, LUCIEN 0..228, 229, 230, 231, 232

233, 234, 331, 381, 434
APPLEGATE 116

APPLEGATE BROS 33G

APPLEGATE, WILLIAM E 353.426,432

APPLEGATE, W. E., JR 422

APPLEGATE & McMEEKEN 169

AQUEDUCT COURSE 156, 157, 437, 478

ARAB 77

ARABIAN HORSE, BREEDING EX-
PERIMENT 165

ARABIAN HORSE INFERIOR TO

THOROUGHBRED 165

ARABIAN HORSES 11,12,13,14,164

ARAMIS 83

ARANZA 125, 139, 177

ARANCARIA 99, 115

ARBITRATOR 113

ARCHDUKE 22

ARCHER, FRED 125, 369

AHCOLA 135

ARGALL, CAPTAIN 15

ARGYLL 21, 28

ARIA 237, 240

ARIEL 26, 35, 60. 61, 79. 80, 166, 379

ARIETTA 79

ARISTIDES ..30, 46, 47, 49, 77, 78, 89, 104, 106
465

ARISTOCRAT 125, 126

ARISTOTLE 19

ARIZONA 353

ARLINGTON, LORD 102

ARLINGTON STAKES 110

ARLINGTON TRACK 446

ARMISTEAD, JOHN 269

ARMY AND NAVY STAKES 231

ARNETT, WILLIAM 401

ARNICA 226

ARROW ,35, 65, 84, 85, 86, 87

ARROWGRASS 255, 256

ARROW STAKES 223

ARTILLERY 84

ARVERNE STAKES 478

ASCOT DERBY 87

ASCOT GOLD CUP 89, 105, 125, 127, 128

ASCOT STAKES 99

ASHE, PORTER 402, 405, 408, 477

ASHLAND FARM 30

ASH LEAF 204-

ASHWOOD STUD 96

ASSIGNEE 383

ASSOCIATION COURSE 44

ASSOCIATION PURSE 84, 87

ASSOCIATION STAKES 121

ASTEROID 43, 85, 90, 91, 142, 168, 465

ASTOR, HENRY 23

ASTOR, WILLIAM ....50, 51, 53, 174, 177, 301
334, 347, 444

ASTOR, JOHN JACOB 227

ASTORIA 261

ASTRAKHAN 246

ATALANTA 35, 62

ATHELESTANE 253

ATHENS STAKES 411

ATHLEEN 170

ATLANTA COURSE 3S

ATLANTA JOCKEY CLUB 38

ATLANTIC 354

ATLANTIC STAKES 97, 111, 223

ATOSSAL 130

ATTILA 52. 170, 173

AUBURNDALE STABLE 362

AUGUST STAKES 104, 278, 469

AULL, ROBERT 158

AUNT BETSEY 78

AUNT JANE 417

483

THE AMERICAN TURF

AURELIA 174

AURELIAN 356

AURICOMA 172

AUSTRALIA 30

AUSTRALIAN... 43, 49, 53, 89, 98, 105, 164, 166

168
AUSTRALIAN STALLIONS, IMPORT-
ED 176

AUSTRALIND 53

AUTOCRAT 28

AUTUMN 303

AUTUMN CUP 101

AUTUMN SERIALS, THE 478

AUTUMN STAKES 109, 223, 474

AVALANCHE 41

AVALON 313

AVERAGE STAKES 231

AVERY -: 255

AYRSHIRE 114

AYRSHIRE ROSE 204

AZRA 77, 114. 169

AZRAEL 255

AZRAEL & LOGAN 338

BABCOCK, W. R 337, 343, 371, 461

BABCOCK STABLE 312

BABRAHAM 19, 20

BABTA 92, 171, 175

BABY BILL 411

BABYLON 121, 122, 123

BACON, B. G 364, 461

BACON, THOMAS G 38, 45

BADEN BADEN 31, 77

BADEN BADEN HANDICAP 97

BADEN STABLE 406

BADGE 50, 76, 109, 313, 414

BADGER, BELA 61

BAGDAD 31

BAILEY, E. C 343

BAILIE PEYTON STAKES 94, 107

BALDWIN, DAVID 345

BALDWIN, E. J.. 46, 48, 49, 50, 94, 138, 175, 177
347, 348, 356, 373, 390, 394, 398, 409, 423, 472

BALGOWAN 245

BALLANKEEL 52

BALLARD, CHARLES A 379

BALLOON 31, 37, 116, 169

BALLSTON 406

BALROWNIE 41, 173, 175

BALSAM FIR 195

BALTIC 84

BALTIMORE CUP 73, 94, 100, 108, 353

BALTIMORE, LORD 20

BANCROFT 243

BANDANA 195

BAN FOX 31, 49, 53, 176

BANKRUPT 90, 255

BANNER 101

BANNERET 53

BANQUET 75, 78, 100, 112, 129, 131, 174

BARBOUR, JOHN S 453

BARCALDINE 195

BARCAMEER 195

BARCLAY, GEORGE 31

■ BAREFOOT 28, 30, 39, 119, 276, 459

BARNARD, H. 0 313, 376

BARNEGAT STAKES 90, 108, 116

BARONESS 109

BARR & CO 347

BARRETT 101

BARRETT, BILLY 371

BARRETT, JOHN 361

BARRETT, JOHN F 417

BARRETT, THOMAS F 334, 379, 417

BARRETT, WILLIAM H 345

BARRICADE 53

EARRICK, WM. M...281, 282, 358, 363, 366, 405

BARRIE POT 353

BARTOW STAKES Ill

BARRY, REDMOND D 31

BARTON, H. E 38, 67

BASCOMBE 370

BASCOMBE COURSE 38

BASHAW 18

BASHFORD MANOR STABLE 394, 411

BASHFORD MANOR STUD 169

BASS, HENRY 350

BASSETLAW 261

BASSETT, HARRY 435

BASSETT, O. M 461

BASSINETTE 172

BATCHELOR 330

BATES, TYREE 30

BATHAMPTON 187, 183

BATH COURSE 79

BATHGATE 84

BATHGATE, ALEXANDER 276

BATHGATE, CHARLES W 276, 461, 464

BATHGATE, JAMES .' 276

BATHGATE, J. & A 87

BATTERY 398

BATTHYANY, COUNT 123

BAUER, JULIUS 283

BAXTER, WILLIAM 275

BAYARD, THOMAS 464

BAY BUSH 53

BAY EAGLE 124

BAY FINAL 124

BAY FLOWER 41, 100

BAY MARIA 166

BAYONET 465

BAY RIDGE HANDICAP 346, 474

BAYSIDE STAKES 363

BAYSWATER 175

BEACH STAKES 108

BEACON COURSE 457

BEACONSFIELD, LORD 369

BEATITUDE 243, 246

BEARD, FRANCIS D....110, 282, 339, 350, 393
406, 411

BEARD, JOHN R 110, 282

BEARDSLEY, EDWARD 363

BEATTY, JAMES 422

BEAUCATCHER 214

BEAUMINER 99

BEAUREGARD, P. G. T 134

BEALTTY 210

BEAVER POND COURSE 456

BECK, JAMES B 102

BEDFORD 21

BEDFORD, DUKE OF 140

BEDFORD STAKES 128, 478

BEECHER, W 335

BEEKMAN 351

BELANGER, F 422

BELCHER, JOHN 66

BELGIUM, KING OF 87

BELINDA 92, 181, 190, 208, 223

BELISAMA 129, 130

BELL & KIMBERLY 315

BELLA 173, 221

BELLA B 77, 408

BELLADONNA 227

BELL AIR FARM 101

BELLEGARDE 226

BELLE MEADE 129

BELLE MEADE STAKES 106, 478

BELLE MEADE STUD.. 30, 53, 84, 91, 93, 100
101, 162, 169; 170, 181

BELLE OF BUTTE 213

BELLE OF SCOTLAND 193

BELLE OF MAYWOOD 115, 174

BELLE OF THE MEADE 46

BELLES STAKES 224

BELLEW, ALBERT 404

BELLEW, H. D 404

BELLOVESUS 206

BELMAR 75, 297

BELMONT, AUGUST, JR.. 50, 56, 57, 130, 131
143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 156, 157, 161, 224, 225
226, 227, 263, 375, 390, 395, 396, 435, 443

BELMONT, AUGUST.... 31, 46, 50, 51, 53, 74
90, 92, 100, 109, 110, 134, 135, 136, 137, 161, 170
181, 195, 207, 208, 216, 231, 243, 261, 274, 279
280, 282, 301, 303, 313, 323, 331, 334, 348, 354
355, 362, 376, 378, 395, 408, 414, 435, 461, 464
469
BELMONT, OLIVER H. P.. 50, 144, 224, 227
303

BELMONT, PERRY 50, 143, 144, 224, 227

BELMONT STAKES.... 73, 89, 96, 101, 103, 108
110, 115, 176, 181, 231, 246, 276, 278, 304, 356
370, 478

BELSHAZZAR 88

BELVEDERE 169

BEN ALI 49, 74, 77, 176

BEN BRUSH. .75, 77, 100, 114, 255, 256, 316, 357

BEND OR 78, 113, 128, 163, 197, 201, 204

BEN EDER 338

BENEFACTRESS 206

BEN HOLLADAY 78, 476

BENJAMIN 53

BENNETT, J. A 363, 382, 3S7

BENNETT, JAMES GORDON 464

BENNETT, JAMES GORDON, JR... 135, 475

BENNETT & CO 472

BENNINGS COURSE 157,453

BEN RONALD 400

BENTINCK MEMORIAL PLATE

HANDICAP 123, 130

BERESFORD, LORD WILLIAM 130, 131

BERGEN, MARTIN 74, 237

BERNA 415

BERRY, SIDNEY 382

BERRY, T. M 335,359

BERSAN 256

BERTRAND 30,38, 91

BERYL 130

BERZAK 130

BESIKA 114

BESSEMER 324

BEST TIME RECORDS 77, 476, 479

BETSEY RANSOM 35, 60, 61, 80

BETSEY RICHARDS 35

BETTIE WARD 69

BETTING 295

BETTING, A TURF NECESSITY.... 421, 430
432

BETTING, LEGAL STATUS OF 424

BETTING METHODS, REFORM IN.... 421
BETTING, WINNINGS FROM.. 297, 423, 424
426

BETTS, THOMAS ' 87

BETTY LEEDS 14

BETTY WARD 41

BEVERLY, W. W 422

BEVERWYCK STABLE 374

BEVERWYCK STAKES 327

BEVERWYCK STEEPLECHASE 463

BEVINS, JAMES 301

BIBELOT 172

BICYCLING AND JOCKEYSHIP 391

BIENNIAL STAKES 130

BIGLER, JOHN 137

BIG SANDY 235

BILLALI 325

BILL DILLON 302

BILLET 30, 44, 104, 109, 110, 164, 168

BILL HOWARD 78

BILLY SHERMAN 329

BIRD 339

BIRD, WILLIAM 358

BIRDCATCHER 67, 90

BISHOP, JOHN M' 442

BISSICKS, P., JR 157

BITTER ROOT STAKES 322

BITTER ROOT STOCK FARM... 49, 167, 179

BLACK BESS 175

BLACKBURN, E. M 82,277

BLACKBURN FARM 30

BLACK DUDE 364

BLACKEY 237

484

THE AMERICAN TURF

BLACK-EYED SUSAN 79

BLACK HARRY 60

BLACK MARIA. ...21, 23. 27, 36, 52, CI, SO, 81
106. 275, 370, 457

BLAINE, EMMONS 440

BLAINE, JAMES G 440

BLAINE, WALKER 440

BLAIR ATHOL 127, 163. 193, 220

BLAKE, C. W 439

BLAKELY, ANDREW 413

BLAND, JOHN 20

BLANDONA 237

BLAZES 338

BLEMTON STABLE 146, 225, 396

BLESSING 246

BLIZZARD 334

BLONDE 87

BLONDIN II 130

BLONDONE 41

BLOOM & CO 414

BLOOZEN 130

BLOSSOM 20

BLUE BELL 115

BLUE DICK 370

BLUE GARTER 380

BLUE GRASS REGION, THE 166

BLUE GRASS STAKES 73, 395

BLUE LODGE 101, 261

BLUE RIBBON STAKES 107

BLUE STOCKING 278

BLUE WING 76, 363

BLUMENTHAL, MAX 422

BLUNT, H. W 453

BLUSTER 32, 169

BOARD OF CONTROL, THE... .142, 148, 152

BOARD OF STEWARDS, THE 145, 152

BOASTER 31

BOBADILLA 102, 256

BOB MILES 50, 90, 168, 169

BOB WADE 77

BOB WOOLLY 89

BOGUS 78

BOISE 195

BOLERO 174, 261

BOLTON IS, 19

BOLTON, DUKE OF 18, 273

BOMBAZETTE 409

BONADEA 285

BON AMI 354

BONAVENTURE 46

BOND'S ECLIPSE 79

BON INO 308, 309

BONITA «, 122

BONNER, ROBERT 138

BONNETS O'BLUE 27,29,80, 82

BONNEY, BENJAMIN W 137

BONNIEFIELD 308

BONNIE KATE 112

BONNIE LASS 18

BONNIE LASSIE 39

BONNIE LEE 113

BONNIE SCOTLAND.... 46, 49, 84, 85, 92, 100
101, 108, 169, 175

BONNIE WOOD 170

BOOKER, SAMUEL T 363

BOOKMAKER 125, 126

BOOKMAKERS, WINNINGS OF. ...423, 424
430

BOOKMAKING 336, 421, 447, 448

BOOKMAKING, ATTRACTIONS OF... 432
BOOKMAKING, BUSINESS MEN IN... 425

428, 446
BOOKMAKING, ELEMENTS OF SUC-
CESSFUL 423, 427, 428, 432

BOOTBLACK 246

BOOTH, EDWIN 445

BOOTH, MORDECAI 20

BOOTJACK 243

BOOTMAKER 246

BOOTS, CHARLES 73

BOREAS 124, 125

BOSCAWEN STAKES ^"^

BOSOUE BONITA STUD 89, 91, 169

BOSTON.... 21, 26, 30, 35, 37, 52, 62, 63, 69, 81
82, 84, 86, 166, 370

BOSTONA 35

BOTTOM VS. SPEED 120

BOTTS, JOHN MINOR 68, 101, 277

BOURBON BELL 108

BOULEVARD STAKES WO

BOUNDLESS 91, 114, 256

BOUQUET STAKES HO, -378, 478

BOURKE COCHRAN 337

BOWERS 51, 131

BOWERS, JOHN M 144, 475

BOWIE, ODEN 46, 50, 352, 448, 461

BOWIE STAKES.. .73, 83, 96, 101, 104. 108, 468

BOWIE & HALL 274, 468

BOYLE, CHARLES 308, 309, 343, 353

BOYLE, ROBERT V 310, 311, 361

BOYLE, WILLIAM 362

BRADAMANTE 78

BRADBURY, E 442

BRADFORD, JOHN H...143, 145, 150, 151, 156
157, 471, 473, 475

BRADFORD, WILLIAM 15

BRADLEY, J. R 387

BRADLEY, O. L 158

BRADLEY, R 357, 361, 377, 397, 412, 416

BRADY, JAMES T 464

BRADY, P. A 348

BRADY, W 335

BRAKESPEARE 125

BRAMBALETTA 473

BRAMBLE 84, 94, 100, 108, 114, 255, 256

BRANCH & DICKINSON 39

BRATTON, PETER 362

BRAVE HIMYAR 130

BRAWNER'S ECLIPSE 91

BRAXTON, CARTER 20

BRAY, FRANK M 446

BREAKFAST STAKES 468

BRECKINRIDGE, JOHN C 150

BRECKINRIDGE STAKES.. 106. 108, 246, 378
BREEDERS AND BREEDING ESTAB-
LISHMENTS 161

BREEDING, ATTRACTIONS OF 161

BREEDING EXPERIMENT WITH

ARABIANS 165

BREEDING ESTABLISHMENTS 301

BREEDING IN KENTUCKY 29

BREEDING IN TENNESSEE 31

BREEDING IN THE NORTH 166

BREEDING, THEORIES OF.. .164, 166, 247
249

BREEDERS' FUTURITY 255

BREEDERS' STAKES 115

BRETLEY NURSERY HANDICAP 128

BREWERS' HANDICAP SWEEP-
STAKES 285

BREWSTER, JOHN E 138, 356

BRIBERY 169

BRIDEGROOM II 130

BRIDGE HANDICAP 109, 474

BRIGANTINE 163

BRIGHTON BEACH RACING ASSO-
CIATION 57, 156, 157, 313, 446, 462, 478

BRIGHTON CUP 94. 100, 478

BRIGHT PHCBBUS 75, 116

BRILLIANT ' SO

BRIMMER 34

BRITOMARTIS 210

BRITTANIC 477

BRITTON. JOSEPH 424

BROMLEY, J. E 283, 285

BROMLEY & CO.... 282, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287
288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 366, 374, <.yi
407

BROMO 403

BRONSON, FREDERICK 227, 263

BRONX STAKES 223

BROOKDALE HANDICAP 108, 364, 478

485

BROOKDALE STUD 30, 114, 134, 167, 170

171, 172, 281, 463

BROOKLYN 84

BROOKLYN CUP 478

BROOKLYN DERBY 108, 478

BROOKLYN JOCKEY CLUB 57, 156, 157

305, 434, 471, 478
BROOKLYN JOCKEY CLUB HANDI-
CAP 69, 75, 76, 109, 110, 111, 113, 114, 115

139, 281, 282, 297, 302, 313, 314, 324, 363, 373
374, 394, 395, 478

BROOKLYN STABLES 463

BROOKS, J. W 157

BROTHER TO BASSETT 46, 96

BROTHER TO MADGE 53

BROWER, FRED 422

BROWN, A. D 313

BROWN, CHARLES 412

BROWN DICK 28, 35, 69, 87, 91

BROWN, EDWARD 256, 348, 409, 418

BROWN FOX 183

BROWN, FRANK 315

BROWN, H. G 422

BROWN, J. E 391

BROWN, JAMES J 347

BROWN, JAMES M 372, 392

BROWN, MEREDITH 339

BROWN PRINCE 124, 359

BROWN, SAMUEL S 74, 144, 376, 386, 438

BROWN, T. A 422

BROWN, WILLIAM 371

BROWNING, W 335

BRUCE, S. D 319

BRUSHY MOUNTAIN 31

BRUTUS 72

BRYANT, ANDREW J 48

BRYANT, SAM'L 407

BRYSON, G. B 347

BUCCANEER 1.52, 163

BUCEPHALUS 31, 451

BUCHANAN ; 77, 97

BUCKDEN 30. 95, 106, 107, 135,' 164

BUCKEYE JOCKEY CLUB 44

BUCKTIE 312

BUCKRA 336

BUCKWA 78, 366

BUFORD, ABE 30, 89. 91, 96, 169, 275

BULLFlELD STUD 101

BULLY ROCK 18

BUNBURY, SIR CHARLES 127

BUNDLE AND GO 88

BURGER, R 396

BURGESS, ERASTUS 353

BURCH, W. P 303, 357, 380, 448, 471, 472

BURIAL PLACES OF NOTED HORSES. 30
31

BURKE, EDWARD 422

BURKE, JOHN JOSEPH. .. .156, 157, 158, 463

BURKE, S. J 422

BURLESQUE 324

BURLEW, FRED 340

BURN, JAMES 451

BURNHAM, A 473

BURNS, D. M 157, 479

BURNS HANDICAP 326

BURNS & WATERHOUSE..313, 384, 385, 396

399, 402, 41S
BURRIDGE BROTHERS.... 331, 352, 359, 365
401, 408

BURWELL STAKES 127

BUSH, C. S 157

BUSHMAN 53

BUSH MESSENGER 23

BUSH, PHILO C 23,39, 41

BUSHWHACKER 50, 84, 101

BUSINESS 107

BUSINESS MEN OF THE TURF... 229, 318

BUSINESS SIDE OF THE TURF 51

BUSINESS TRAINING OF BOOK-
MAKERS 425, 433, 446

EUSIRIS 80

THE AMERICAN TURF

BUSSORAH 28

BUSTEED 245

BUTLER, JOSEPH 24

BUTLER, LAWRENCE 269

BUTTERFIELD, DANIEL 475

BUTTERFLY 211

BUTTERMERE ....; 199

BUTTERNUT VALLEY STOCK FARM. 330

BUZZARD 32, SO

BYERLY, CAPTAIN 13

BYERLY TURK 13, 14

BY JOVE 428

BYRD, WILLIAM 19, 20, 269, 273, 274

BYRNES, MATTHEW... 179, 301, 395, 415, 463

CACHUCA 168

CADILLAC HOTEL STAKES 377

CADENCE 172

CADET STAKES 114

CAIRNGORME lOS

CAIRO STAKES HI

CALCUTTA 104

CALDWELL, JAMES F 335, 338, 422, 437

CALEDONIA 255, 256

CALIFORNIA 138

CALIFORNIA ANNUAL STAKES 342

CALIFORNIA JOCKEY CLUB... 58, 157, 479
CALIFORNIA JOCKEYS. .. .381, 3S9, 402, 405

CALIFORNIA RACING 4S, 479

CALIFORNIA STOCK FARMS 48, 175

CALIFORNIA TURF 94, 175

CALIFORNIA TURFMEN 49, 326, 342

CALISTA 20

CALLAHAN, E. J 422

CALTHORPE, LORD 140

CAMBRIDGESHIRE STAKES. ..125, 128, 173

CAMDEN STAKES 110. 117

CAMERON, R. W..89, 92, 135, 171, 174, 175, 468

CAMILLA 116

CAMOTOP 341

CAMPAU, D. J 158

CAMPBELL, E. J 418

CAMPBELL, HARDY ALONZO 316

CAMPBELL, JOHN 300, 347

CAMPBELL, COL. JOHN... 38, 39, 41, 86, 372

418
451
15S
67
321
374

.39,

CAMPBELL, J. S

CAMPBELL, L

CAMPBELL. P. M

CAMPBELL & BARTON

CAMPBELL & HANKINS

CAMPBELL & NOLAN

CANADIAN JOCKEYS.. 380, 381, 396, 410, 418

CANADIAN TURF. THE 308, 328

CANARSIE STAKES 478

CANARY BIRD 96

CANDELABR.V 322

CANDLEMAS 102. 176. 261

CANFIELD, R. A 422

CANNIE BAIRN 135

CANTERBURY DERBY 176

CANTWELL, J. J 351

CAPE MAY HANDICAP 109.223,237

CAPITOi^A 84, 96, 131

CAPITOL STAKES 110, 363

CAPTAIN BEARD 278

CAPTAIN KIDD 352

CAPTAIN SPENCER 354

CARDINAL McCLOSKEY 105

CARINA 177

CARINO 225

CARLETON STAKES 364

CARLIN, GEORGE H 422

CARMEN 221

CARMICHAEL, H. A 179

CARMODY, JOHN T 329

CARNATION 231

'ARNIVAL STAKES 183

CARNOT 223

CAROLINE 106, 269

CAROLINE KINNEY 386

CARR, J. C 444

CARR, LUTHER 366

CARROLL, J. J 363, 416

CARROLL, WILLIAM 321

CARRUTHERS, ROY 282

CARTER, ARTHUR 360

CARTER, C. L 445

CARTER, DOUGLAS 361

CARTER, EDWARD 269

CARTER, FRED 414

CARTER HANDICAP 399, 478

CARTER, T. D 417

CARTERET HANDICAP 181

CASCADE 172

CASSATT, ALEXANDER J.. ..74, 144, 282, 323
331, 357, 407, 408

CASSETTE 237, 405

CASSIUS 74, 374

CASTALIA 172

CASTANIA 172

CASTAWAY II 76, 109, 281, 282, 313

CASTLE STABLE 335

CATESBY 166

CATO 64

CAVALIER 174

CAVALRY HORSES OF THE CIVIL

WAR 162

CAVANAGH, JOHN G 434

CENSOR 135, 173, 459

CENTENNIAL STAKES 100

CENTER, ROBERT 473

CENTRAL COURSE 38, SO

CESAREWITCH STAKES 89, 122, 145, 128

CHALLENGE CUP 69

CHAMANT 99, 100, 106, 164

CHAMANT STUD 99

CHAMBERLAIN. JOHN F 469

CHAMPAGNE STAKES.. 73, 109, 111, 245, 478

CHAMPION 127

CHAMPiON STAKES 89, 96, 100, 101, 108

CHAMPIONS, EARLY AMERICAN 79

CHAMPIONS, FAMOUS MODERN 99

CHANCE 48, 246

CHANDLER, GEORGE 350

CHANLER, W. A 303, 356

CHANT 77, 256

CHAOS 76, 100, 174

CHAPIN, C. W 337

CHARADE 364, 379, 406

CHARAXUS 379

CHARLES ROSE 429

CH.ARLESTON 3S, 67, 68, 86, 122, 169

CHARLESTON COURSE 39, 140

CHARLESTON JOCKEY CLUB 45

CHARLIE BALL 39

CHARLIE HOWARD 96

CHATEAU 397

CH.ATEAU MARGAUX 119

CHATHAM 378

CHATTAHOOCHE COURSE 38, 67

CH ^TTANOOGA 349

CHEATHAM, B. F 38

CHEATHAjd, W. T 38

CHECKMATE 16S, 323

CHELMSFORD NURSERY HANDIC'P. 102

CHEROKEE 124, 125

CHERRY 196

CHERRY DIAMOND HANDICAP 402

chesapeakf: S3, 303

CHESAPEAKE STAKES 73

CHESHIRE HANDICAP 125

CHESTERBROOK STABLE 463

CHESTER CUP 89

CHESTERFIELD 105

CHESTERFIELD CUP 102

CHESTERFIELD HANDICAP 122

CHESTERFIELD STAKES 89, 126

CHESTNUT HILL FARM 301

CHESTNUT HILL STAKES 110

CHEVIOT 170, 176

CHEYENNE CLUB CUP 865

CHIC

CHICAGO DERBY 114, 312,

CHICAGO FAIR GROUNDS ASSOCIA-
TION

CHICAGO RACING ASSOCIATION.. 56,

CHICAGO STABLE 395,

CHICAGO STAKES

CHICKASAW JOCKEY CLUB 44,

CHICKORY

CHILDE HAROLD 86,

CHILDERS 19, 20,

CHILLICOTHE

CHILTON, B. A 157,

CHIMES

CHINN, C

CHINN, J. P

CHINN, P. T

CHINN & MORGAN 105,

CHINOOK

CHOCTAW

CHOICE STAKES

CHORISTER

CHRISTIE, J. D

CHRISTMAS HANDICAP

CHRISTMAS TREE

CHRISTY, LEE 366,

CHURCH AND THE TURF

CICELY HACKETT

CICERO

CICILY, JOPSON

CINCINNATI

CINCINNATI HOTEL STAKES 100,

CINCINNATI JOCKEY CLUB 158,

CINCINNATI LIVE STOCK AND
DRIVING PARK COMPANY

CINCINNATUS

CITADEL

CITIZEN

CITIZENS' PLATE

CITIZENS' STAKES

CITY AND SUBURBAN 125. 126, 128,

CITY STAKES

CIVIL SERVICE

CIVIL WAR, AND THE TURF

CIVIL WAR, CAVALRY HORSES OF
THE

CIVIL WAR, RACING IN KENTUCKY.

CLABAUGH, E. A 46,

CLABAUGH MEMORIAL STAKES

CLANCY, MICHAEL

CLARA 116, 181,

CLARA FISHER

CLARE, JAMES

CLARE, ROBERT

CLAREMONT HIGH WEIGHT HANDI-
CAP

CLARENDON 116, 169, 224,

CLARENDON HOTEL STAKES

CLARET STAKES

CLARION

CLARK, JOHN A

CLARK, M. LEWIS 155, 156,

CLARK, SHERIDAN

CLARK STAKES .'95, 107,

CLARKE, FRANK T

CLARKE, JOHN

CLASON, AUGUSTUS... 144, 235, 236, 237,
239, 240, 241, 405

CLAY, E. F

CLAY, HENRY 29. 30, 63, 169,

CLAY, JAMES B., JR

CLAY, JAMES M

CLAY, JOHN M..36, 69, 82, 86, 90, 168, 169,

CLAY, MRS. JOHN M 30, 31,

CLAY PATE

CLAY & WOODFORD 161,

CLAYTON, ALONZO

CLEARWELL STAKES

CLEODORA

CLEVELAND, DUKE OF

CLEVELAND STAKES

409
356

56
158

454
249
169
31
52
463
245
422
422
412
383
130
129
115
148
411
408
227
387
33
193
411
105
123
255
243

15S

33

92

86

100

463

142

92

37S

40

162
455

50
105
332
207

27
446
398

381

334

97

87

62

359

157

157

114

435

16

238

158
277
102

29
460
169
255
168
394
100
206

82
123

THE AMERICAN TURF

CLIFI'ORI) 75, 76, 77, ill, 100, 254, 256, 406

CLIFTON STUD S9, 92, 174

CLIMAX 265

CLOSE-TIIE-DOOR 200

CLOVER 227

CLOVER STAKES 223

CLOYD, WILLIAM N 365

CLUB MEMBERS' HANDICAP 285

CLUB PURSE 272

CLYDE, B. F. & WILLIAM P 352

COACHING CLUB, THE 467

COCHRANE, JAMES 335

COCKADE 322

COCKBURN, A 130

COCKS, JOHN G 3S, 66

CCEUR DE LION 31, 32

COFFIN, J. R 473

COFFIN & LAWRENCE 142

COHEN, SIGMUND 447

COHEN & CO 332

COLDEN, CADWALADER R 42

COLEMAN, JOHN B 422

COLEMAN, MICHAEL A 337

COLES, NATHANIEL 79

COLLIER SO

COLLINS, J. B 332, 366

COLLINS, RICHARD 363

COLONEL ELLINGER 336

COLONIAL HORSES 15, 16

COLONIAL RACE COURSES 451

COLONIAL RACE, DESCRIPTION OF. 17
IS, 20

COLONIAL RACING CENTRES 451

COLOSSUS 36

COLSTON, HENRY 414

COLT, E. BOUDINOT 274, 469

COLT, J. W 33S

COLT AND FILLY STAKES 106, 107

COLT STAKES 106

COLTON 69, 177

COLUMBIA STABLES 354

COLUMBIA STAKES 100

COLUMBUS, CHRISTOPHER 14

COLUMBUS HANDICAP 395

COLUMBUS JOCKEY CLUB 47

COMET 31, 271

COME TO TAW US

COMMERCE 271

COMPARATIVE STAKES 183, 469

COMSTOCK, ANTHONY 56

CONCORD 300

CONEY ISLAND CUP... 101, 104, 107, 108, 473

474
CONEY ISLAND DERBY.. ..108, 223, 473, 474
CONEY ISLAND HANDICAP.. ..93, 224, 318
351, 473

CONEY ISLAND JOCKEY CLUB 49, 57

.., 75, 135, 141, 142, 143, 150, 153, 154, 156, 157
435, 472, 473, 474, 475

CONGAREE 95

CONGAREE COURSE 38

CONGRESS HALL STAKES 364, 463

CONKLIN 255

CON LUCY 354

CONNOISSEUR 309

CONNELLY, JOHN 415

CONNOLLY, TOM 113

CONNOR, WILLIAM M 45, 471, 473

CONNOR, W. J 422

CONOVER, S. C 337,358

CONSTABLE, WILLIAM' 79

CONSTITUTION 32

CONTEMPORANEOUS JOCKEYS 371

CONTEMPORANEOUS THOROUGH-
BREDS 109

CONTINENTAL HOTEL STAKES... 91, 102

CONTROL STAKES HI

COOK, J 350

COOPER, ALBERT, 334, 349, 356, 365

COPYRIGHT 171

CORA 173

CORAL lOS

CORBIN, AUSTIN 134

CORBYN, FRANCIS P 29

CORDELIA REED 86

CORINNE SS

CORNEIILSEN, C 406

CORNWALLIS, LORD 24

CORRECTION 91, 106, 112

CORRIGAN, EDWARD. ..74, 100, 282, 338, 348

353, 390, 413, 415, 417, 41S, 43S, 479

CORSICAN 465

COSTER, CHARLES R 458

COSTER, HENRY' A 458

COSTER, J. H 141, 142, 473

COTRILL, WILLIAM.... 363

COTTON STAKES 394

COULTER, T. W 340

COUNT 357

COUNTER TENOR 300, 395

COUNTESS 166

COUNTESS THERRY 195

COUNTY CLUB HANDICAP 112, 115

COVINGTON & KENT 398

COWAN, FRED 433

COWAN, WILLIAM H 422

COX, TOWNSEND 23, 269

COYLE, JOHN L 405

COYLIE, JOHN T 399

COZIER, WILLIAM C 157

CRACKSMAN 245

CRAIG, JOHN C 61

CRANE, GIL 370, 371

CRAVEN, E. & A 388

CRAWFORD PLATE 129

CREMORNE 163

CRESCENT CITY JOCKEY CLUB.. .103, 157

CRESSID -. 249

CRICKMORE 97, 101, 166

CRICKMORE, H. G 157

CRIDGE & CO 336

CRINOLINE 39

CRIPPLE 103

CRISIS 195

CRITERION STAKES 107, 181, 245, 469

CRITTENDEN, JOHN JAY 63

CROCKER, HENRY J 157,479

CROCUS 337

CROFT. THOMAS 445

CROFTS 59

CROKER 208

CROKER, EDWARD 422

CROKER, RICHARD,... HI, 112, 129, 130, 131

170, 316, 375, 378

CROKER & DWYER 112, 129, 375

CROSBY, J. M 410

CROSS, W. F 404

CROTON HANDICAP 223

CROUCHEN, WILLIAM H 422

CROUSE, D. J 72, 461

CROWELL, JOHN 61, 62

CRUCIFIX 163

CRUTCH 214

CRYER, HARDY M 33

CUB 19

CUMBERLAND 31

CUMBERLAND STAKES 353

CUPBEARER 34

CUPID 306

CURT GUNN 245, 246

CYCLONE 41, 320

CYCLOPS 109, 376, 440

CYGNET 451

CYNOSURE 171

CZAR .39

DACOTAH II 129

DAGONET 297

DAHLMAN 448

DAHLMAN, ISAAC 348, 349

DAILY AMERICA 75, 245

487

DAISY STAKES 364

DAISY WOODRUFF 256

DALLAS 67, 68

DALNACARDOCH 30

DALY, JOHN 281, 323, 381, 418, 422

DALY, MARCUS.. 49, 50, 113, 179, 281, 301, 312.
334, 374, 376, 378, 393, 438

DALY, MICHAEL 385

DALY, WILLIAM C 280, 317, 340, 357, 360

361, 376, 377, 378, 381, 385, 402, 403, 408, 409
414, 418, 438

DALY BROTHERS 472

DAMIEN 389

DAMSEL 129

DAMSEL II '. 131

DANAHER, M 415

DANAHER, T 412

DANDELION 309

DANFORTH 283

DANGEROUS 72, 460

DANGU STUD 53, 99, 105, 173

DANICHEFF 92

DANIEL BOONE 36, 95, 107, 165

DANIEL, JOSEPH PI 48, 435

D'ARCY, E. A 61

DARDEN, GEORGE W.. 139

DAREBIN 176

DAREDEVIL 451

DARGON, HAYDEN 422

DARLEY 85

DARLEY ARABIAN 13, 14, 21, 165

DAVE DOUGLAS 78

DAVEY, JAMES W 422

DAVID II 115, 130

DAVIS BROTHERS 280

DAVIS, GEORGE 350

DAVIS, JAMES 311, 352, 358

DAVIS, ROBERT H 422

DAVIS, T. B 303

DAVIS, WILLIAM 347

DAVIS & HALL 303, 414

DAWES, J. P 337, 355! 415

DAWSON, MATTHEW 323 331

DAY, JOHN 369

DAY BOAT LINE STAKES 97, 107

DAY STAR 77 130

DEAL .'336

DE.ATHS OF THOROUGHBREDS 31

DE BRACY 90

DECADENT TURF PERIOD 36

DE CAMP, DANIEL 253

DECAPOD 33S

DECKER, ORSON J 35]

DEFAULTER 90

DEFENDER 70, 40]

DE LANCEY, JAMES 20,' 269

DE LE GRANGE, COUNT FRED-
ERICK 99, 105, 127

DE LONG, J 332, 343, 366, 412

DELPI-IINE 271

DENISON & CRAWFORD 435, 468

DERBY, ENGLISH.... S2, S9, 100, 102, 107, 108
114, 119, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 133, 177, 369
435, 473
DERBY, ENGLISPL WON BY FOR-
EIGNERS 127

DERBY, ENGLISH, WON BY IRO-
QUOIS 127

DERBY SWEEPSTAKES 90

DERBY WINNERS, ENGLISH 102, 114

DERBY WINNERS IN THE UNITED

STATES 22

DES CHILES [[ 123

DE SOTO 129

DE SOTO, FERDINAND 14

DE SOTO STABLES 429

DE TRAGI, MARQUIS ' 15

DETROIT DERBY 395

DETROIT JOCKEY CLUB 158, 422

DE VACA, CABEf.V 14

THE AMERICAN TURF

DEVONSHIRE NURSERY HANDICAP. 193

202

DEVOTEE 256

DEWDROP 168, 301

DEWHURST PLATE 99, 102

DEXTER PARK COURSE 479

DIABLO 76, 109, 2S2, 374

DIADEM 231

DIAKKA 129

DIAMOND STABLE 343

DIAMOND STAKES 114

DICK ANDREWS 80

DICKINSON, R. H 39

DILEMMA 246

DILLINGHAM HANDICAP 124

DINNER PARTY STAKES... 94, 103, 275, 331

468
DIOMED....21, 26, 3D, 31, 32, 59, 81, 82, 91, 127

163

DISCOUNT 351

DISNEY, WILLIAM 282

DISTILLERS' STAKES 100

DITMAS, H. C 448

DIXIANA STAKES 100

DIXIANA STUD 31, 98, 112. 162, 177

DIXIE STAKES.. 73, 101, 104, 108, 246, 353, 468

DIXON, A. T 451

DIXON, TURNER 269

DOBBINS 51, 75, HI, 112, 113, 129,170, 375

DODGE, WILLIAM 15

DOGGETT 138, 322, 363, 393

DOGGETT, RICHARD C 302,322

DOGGETT, SAMUEL J 393

DOLABRA 129, 130

DOLAN, THOMAS 344

DOLLAR 116

DOLLIE VARDEN 113

DOLLIKINS 245

DOMINO. ..30, 75, 77, 106, HI, 112, 113, 147, 148

312, 374, 375, 476

DOMITOR 293

DON ALONZO..... 51, 91, HI, 129, 131

DONAVAN, WILLIAM 381

DONCASTER 127, 163, 197, 201

DONCASTER ST. LEGER 84, 87, 89, 100

124, 125, 127, 173, 276, 369, 459, 473

DONCASTER STAKES 84, 100, 107

DON DE ORO 100, 225

DON FULANO 125, 126, 168

DON JOSa 249, 252

DON JUAN 39, 67

DONNA 124

DONNELLY, DANIEL 422

DONNELLY, JOHN 416

DONNER, J. 0 109, 144, 338

DONOHUE, JOSEPH 356

DONOVAN, C 341

DORALICE 109

DOREEN 172

DORIMANT 21

DORSEY, PATRICK 355

DOSORIS 275

DOSWELL, THOMAS W....36, 38, 39, 45, 50

95, 101, 168, 272, 338, 361

DOSWELL, BERNARD.... 114

DOTTREL 20

DOUBLE EVENT, THE 324, 364, 474

DOUBLEHEAD 31

DOUBLE TRIAL PLATE 193

DOUBLOON 36

DOUBT 246

DOUGLAS & DALY 169

DOURANCE 204

DOWNEY, JAMES 361

DOWNEY, P. H 422

DOYLE, N. J 422

DOYNE, J 396

DRACO 130

DRAGON 32

DRAKE CARTER 50, 78

DRAKELOW STAKES 130

DRAPER & HALL 349

DRAWING ROOM STAKES 102

DR. EICHBERG 373

DR. HASBROUCK 281, 358

DRISCOLL, JOHN W 330, 344

DRIVING PARK ASSOCIATION 479

DRIZZLE 354

DR. RICE 76, 113, 374

DRUMSTICK 447

DRY MONOPOLE 76, HI

DUCALION 87, 88

DUCAT 77, 256

DUCHESS 90

DUCHESS ANNETTE 336

DLTCHESS OF MARLBOROUGH 79

DUCHESS OF SUTHERLAND 195

DUCHESS OF YORK STAKES 130

DUDLEY, W. A 93

DUFFY, F. A -.22

DUFFY, JOHN 422

DUFFY, PHILIP H 350, 377

DUGDALE, J. L 130

DUKE OF ABERCORN 410

DUKE OF THE HIGHLANDS 255

DUKE OF MAGENTA 52, 100, 173

DUKE OF MONTROSE 114, 117, 245, 246

247, 473

DUKE OF YORK STAKES 130

DUKE, WILLIAM, JR 280

DUKE ce WISHARD 129, 280

DUMAS, JAMES H 335

DUNBURY, SIR CHARLES 21

DUNCAN, WILLIAM B 274, 458

DUNGANNON 21

DUNLAP, LESLIE H 415

DUNMOW STAKES 109, HI

DUNN, JERE 335, 341, 397

DUNNE, PATRICK 282, 383

DURHAM, HARDY 363, 365

DUROC 79, 163

DUTCHESS COURSE 80, 457

DUVALL, GABRIEL 270

DWYER BROTHERS.. 46, 50, 93, HO, 117, 138

280, 301, 304, 305, 311, 313, 316, 317, 337, 339

347, 377, 379, 390, 398, 406, 408, 415, 443, 467

472, 473, 478

DWYER, CHARLES F 342, 422

DWYER, MxCHAEL F..110, 111, 112, 117, 129

170, 256, 305, 316, 324, 327, 348, 375, 377, 378

382, 395, 400, 411. 417, 424, 425
DWYER, PHILIP J.. 143, 144, ]53, 157, 304, 305

375, 405, 406, 478

DYE 358

DYKE PLATE 193

DYMENT, NATHANIEL 415

EAGAN, JOHN T 463

EAGLE 32. 112, 169

EAGLE COURSE 457

EARLEY, MATTHEW 364

EARLIEST THOROUGHBREDS IN

AMERICA IS

EARL Ll 349

EARLY BLOSSOM 247, 313

EARNEST 175

EARNINGS OF JOCKEYS 369, 376, 383

EASTERTIDE 300

EASTON CO., THE 257, 258, 259, 260, 261

EASTON, WM... 247, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261

EASTON & THEOBALD 345

EAST ST. LOUIS TRACK 448

EATONTOWN STAKES 115

EAU GALLIE 129, 131

ECCOLA 172

ECHO 460

ECKERS, SAMUEL 316

ECKERT, F 422

ECLIPSE.... 13, 14, 21, 22, 23, 31, 35, 36, 37, 52

90, 93, 106, 164. 170, 173, 459
ECLIPSE COURSE ,,, 476

ECLIPSE, JR 78

ECLIPSE STAKES 323, 373, 478

E-COME 212

EDGAR, JEROME 39

EDINBURGH 92

EDITOR 255

EDMONIA TAYLOR 36

EDWARD F 321

EGHAM STAKES 104

EGLINTON, LORD 140

EGMONT 255

EGOTIST 124

EGYPT, VICEROY OF 165

EHRET, FRANK A.... 50, 51, 111, 129, 393, 440

ELASTIC 114

ELBERUN HANDICAP 108

ELDORADO 359

ELEANOR 80, 255

ELECTRIC STAKES 115

ELFIN 130

ELIAS LAWRENCE 31

ELIZA DAVIS 90

ELIZA REILLY SO

ELKHORNA 95

ELKHORN LASS 168

ELKWOOD 74

ELLA D 108

ELLA GREGG 215

ELLA T 112, 174

ELLERSLIE BELLE 336

ELLERSLIE STUD 100

ELLINGTON 89

ELLIOTT, CHARLES B 319, 377

ELLIOTT, FRANK 343

ELLIOTT, GEORGE 33

ELLIOTT, JOHN V 319, 400, 401

ELLIOTT, STEPHEN D 66

ELLIS, RUDOLPH N 144, 348

ELLIS, W. E 39

ELMENDORF STUD 30, 117, 162, 168, 231

ELMORE, LEW 374

EL RENO 409

EL RIO REY 30 477

ELSIE 89, 171

EL TELEGRAFO 148

EMBROIDERY 168

EMERALD STAKES 114

EMERSON 341

EMERSON, C. W 422

EMERY, SAMUEL 422

EMIGRANT 341

EMILIA 98, 166, 172

EMILIUS 29, 87, 163

EMILY JOHNSON 64

EMMA 41, 401

EMMA COOPER ' 95

EMMA D 389

EMMET, WILLIAM .'. 253

EMOTIONAL 335

EMPEROR 129, 173

EMPIRE STABLE 347, 348, 349, 413

EMPORIUM STAKES 90, 108, 474

ENCHANTRESS 465

ENDLESS 91

ENDURANCE AND SPEED COM-
PARED 51, 120

ENDYMION 173

ENGEMAN, FRANK 397

ENGEMAN, GEORGE H 333, 478

ENGEMAN, WM. A 157, 313, 399, 473, 478

ENGEMAN, WILLIAM A., JR 478

ENGINEER 35, 38, 39, 67, 68, 88

ENGLAND, AMERICAN TURFMEN

IN 119, 14S

ENGLAND, EARLY RACING IN 12

ENGLISH AND AMERICAN TURF,
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE.... 119

ENGLISH DERBY WINNERS 102-114

ENGLISH JOCKEY CLUB 165

ENGLISH JOCKEYS ;, 369

THE AMERICAN TURF

ENOl.lSll JDCKEVS ON THE AMERI-
CAN TURF 371, 407, 408, 410, 41S

ENGLISH OPINIONS OF AMERICAN
TURF 119

ENGLISH, RICHARD (TED) 410

ENGLISH STALLIONS IN AMERICA.. 163

ENGLISH thorouc;hbreds...si, 82, 84

87, 89, 99, 113, 114
ENCILISH thoroughbreds, ORI-
GIN AND HISTORY OF 11, 12, 13

ENGLISH TURF 105, 119

ENGLISH TURF, AM. HORSES ON

THE 84, 88, 94, 112, 275, 277, 278, 280

ENGLISH TURF, AMERICAN JOCK-
EYS ON THE 370-375

ENGLISH TURF, ATTRACTIONS OF.. 129
ENGLISH TURF, FOUNDATION OF.. 13
ENGLISH TURF, ROYAL PATRONS... 13
ENGLISH TURF, TRADITIONS OF.... 119
ENGLISH TURFMEN IN AMERICA.... 259
S20, 323, 331, 336, 339, 354

ENIGMA 78, 91

ENQUIRER 30, 44, 46, 49, 89, 91, 112, 169

ENRIGHT, C. J 168

EOLA 90

EOLE 50, 90, 101, 107, 108, 130

EOLIAN 376

EOLIS 90

EOLO 90

EOLUS...44, 74, 76, 89, 90, 100, 101, 114, 115, 231

EOTHEN 114, 169, 170

EPSOM GOLD CUP 128

EPSOM GRAND PRIZE 102

EQUERRY 338

EQUUS STAKES 121

ERDENHEIM STUD. 30, 110, 126, 128, 167, 174
400, 463

ERECT 383

ERIC 76

ERIE STABLE 110, 282, 350, 411

ERIN-GO-BRAGH 198, 205

ESSAYEZ II 172

ESSEX STAKES 318

ETTA McKEEVER 215

EUCLID 108, 152

EUPHEMIA L 351

EUROPE, AMERICAN TURFMEN IN.. 119

EURUS 74

EVANATUS 78

EVANS, GEORGE 408

EVANS, GEORGE, JR 408

EVA SHIRLEY 169

EVERLY, GEORGE 35

EXCELSIOR STABLE 347

EXCELSIOR STAKES 97, 100, 102, 108

EXCHANGE 91

EXCHECQUER 96

EXETER, MARQUIS OF 99

EXILE 76, 78, 91, 170, 395

EXNING PLATE 130

EXPECTATION 246

EXPECTATION STAKES. .. .112, 373, 378, 478

EXPERIENCE OAKS 107

EXTRA 247

FADLADEEN 107

FAIRFAX STABLE 282, 339

FAIRFIELD COURSE ,.38, 88

FAIRFIELD STAKES 274

FAIR LADY 168

FAIR NELL 165

FAIRVIEW 330

FAIRVIEW STUD 30, 162, 170

FAIRY 51

FAIRY QUEEN

FAITHLESS

FALCON

FALCON STAKES....
FAI,L CITY STAKES.
FALL. STAKES

388
89
108
478
100
109

FA1.MOUTH, LORD 51, 107, 127, 247

FALSETTO 90, 91, 95, 116, 168

FALSETTO STAKES 255

FAMOUS RACE COURSES 451

FAMOUS RACES 34, 35

FAMOUS RACING EVENTS 59

FANCHON 4G5

FANNY HALL 48

FANNY HOLTON 91

FANNY LUDLOW 128

FANNY WASHINGTON 96, 100, 115

FANNY WYATT 62

FAREWELL HANDICAP 181

FARFALETTA 95, 116

FARLEY, OLIVER C 440

FASHION... 26, 29, 35, 36, 37, 62, 63, 65, G6, 68

77, 81, 82, 84, 166, 370
FASHION COURSE... 38, 39, 67, 68, 69, 89,95

121, 139, 457, 458

FASHION HANDICAP 39

FASHION JOCKEY CLUB 458

FASHION STAKES 224, 373

FAST MAIL PURSE 285

FAUGH-A-BALLAGH 89, 90, 195

FAVERDALE 172

FAVONIA 172

FAVOR 245

FAVORY 381

FEAKES, EDWARD 323, 371

FEAKES, MATTHEW 352

FEARNOUGHT 22, 31, 79, 163

FEATHER PURSE 322

FEATHERSTONE, ARTHUR 283, 285

FELICIA 226

FELLOWCRAFT 31,66,72,73, 98

FELLOWES, CORNELIUS.. 154, 155, 157, 475

FENALON 360

FENELLA 113

FENWICK. E 451

FERGUSON, J. B 422

FERGUSON, J. F ' 3.38

FERGUSON, JAMES 95

FERGUSON, JOHN 408

FERIDA 52, 78, 100, 101

FERNANDINE 308, 377

FERNCLIFFE 166

FERNCLIFFE STUD 51, 53, 174, 177

FERN HILL STAKES 130

FERRIER 256

FEU FOLLET 226

FIDDLER 126

FIDDLESTICKS 46. 221, 225

FIDELIO 357

FIDES 223, 224, 226, 227, 476

FIELD, L. B 30

FILLIES 96, 117

FILLMORE, MILLARD 65

FIN.A.NCIER 36

FINDON STAKES 120

FINESSE 135

FINEWORK 168

FINNIGAN, EUGENE 411

FIREFLY 313

FIRENZI 49, 74, 117, 118, 168, 176. 177, 301

FIRST CHANCE 46

FIRST CONSUL 28, 34

FIRST DEAL 403

FIRST MATE 283, 285, 289, 366

FIRST SPECIAL STAKES 117

FISHER, F. C 381

FISHER, SAMUEL 422

FITZGERALD, C. J 144, 422, 437

FITZTAMES 176

FITZPATRICK, WILLIAM J.... 371, 422, 438

FIXED STAR 256

FLAGEOLET 99, 204

FLAG OF TRUCE 79

FLAME II 356

FLASH 98

FLASH STAKES.. 73, 96, 104, 245, 285, 3.53, 463
FLATBUSH STAKES.. . .110, J14, 116, 224, 474

FL AVIA 227

FLAVINA 177

FLAX TAIL 338

FLEETWING 71

FLEETWOOD COURSE 152

FLEETWOOD STUD FARM 31

FLEISCHMANN, CHARLES 50, 382

FLEISCHMANN'S, C. SONS 441

FLEISCHMANN STABLE 373, 386

FLEMING, JAMES 354

FLENNIKEN, E. A 329

FLEUR-DE-LIS 29

FLEUR DES CHANTS 116

FLIGHT .- 106

FLIGHT STAKES 115

FLIMNAP 20, 24

FLIRTATION STAKES 463

FLIRTILLA 60, 79, 80

FLOOD, F. W 422

FLOOD STAKES 411

FLORAL PARK 325

FLORA McDonald 168

FLORA McIVOR 135

FLORA TEMPLE 174

FLORENCE 107, 249

FLORENCE PAYNE 253

FLORETTA 34

FLORETTA IV 225

FLORID 211

FLORIDA ATHLETIC CLUB 425

FLORIDE 37, 89

FLORIMEL 325

FLORINE 98

FLORIZEL 21, 28, 163

FLOWER OF MEATH 247

FLOYD-JONES, CHAUNCEY 138

FLUSHING STAKES 47s

FLYING GUILDERS 13, 14

FLYING DUCHESS 114

FLYING DUTCHMAN 127 140

FLYING FISH '227

FLYING WITCH 246

FLYNN J 350

FOAM STAKES 110, 111, 223, 278, 473, 474

FOLEY, H. B ■ 60

FOLLANSBEE, J. G 355

FON DU LAC 152

FONSO 77, 93, 168, 245

FORBES, H. DE COURCY 477

FORBES, PAUL S 39, 274, 338

FORBES, R. B 344, 349

FORBES, WILLIAM H '144

FORD, THOMAS S 445

FORDHAM 118, 168, 275, 477

FORDHAM, GEORGE ]25, 369

FORDHAM HANDICAP.. 73, 107, 141, 170, 237
303

FORESTER 166, 170, 231, 256

FORESTER, FRANK 26, 84, 271

FORETHOUGHT 256

FORMERO 3S1

FORMOSA 163

FORT ERIE COURSE .302, 307

FORT HAMILTON HANDICAP 115. 478

FORTISSIMO 245

FORTLTNA 94, 104

FOSTER 43. 48, 52, 10.3, 312

FOSTER, CHARLES J 156

FOSTER, FRED 372

FORSYTH 78

FOUNDATION OF AMERICAN THOR-
OUGHBRED FAMILY 18

FOUR MILE HEATS.... 34, 35, 59, SO, 81, 83

84, 88, 103, 370, 371
FOUR MILE HEATS IN CALIFORNIA. 48
FOUR MILE RECORD RACES.... 66, 72, 479

FOURTH OF JULY HANDICAP 116

FOX, PAUL 349

FOXHALL 52, 53, 96, 125, 126, 128, 147, 148

163, 168. 282
FOXHALL STAKES 115

THE AMERICAN TURF

FRANK, J. M 15S

FRANK, MAX L 422

FRANK, SAMUEL 422

FRANKFORT 37, 67

FRANKLIN S8

FRANKLIN, A. C 353

FRANKLIN, JAMES 92,162

FRANKLIN PARK COURSE 41

FRAYLING, JAMES 339

FRAZZOLETTO, JR 166

FREE ADVICE 283, 288

FREE HANDICAP STAKES 237

FREE LANCE 27S, 346

FREELAND 50, 100

FRENCH, WILLIAM 359

FRENCH DERBY 99

FRENCH OAKS 99

FRENCH TURF, FOXHALL'S VIC-
TORY ON THE 12S

FRESMA 302

FRESNO 168.176

FRIAR ••■■124. 125

FRIAR RUSH 102

FRIAR'S BALSAM 116, 195

FRIMSALL 227

FRINEY 165

FROHMAN 303

FRYE, J. M 422

FULTON STAKES HI. US

FURY 337

FUSEE 101.196

FUSILLEER 13S

FUTURITY COURSE 473

FUTURITY STAKES.. 69, 76, 111, 112, 113, 114
US, 116, 142, 156, 172. 174, ISl, 220, 224, 2S1
394, 438, 473, 474
FYSAUL 166

GABRIEL 21. 22. 78, 323

GABRIELLE A 91

GAFFNEY, HUGH 362

GAGE, A. S «. 138

GAIETY STAKES 357. 373. 478

GAINES, EDWARD M 422

GALLATIN 28, 131

GALLATINA 84

GALLIARD 102

GALLOPING KING 406

GALOPIN 53, 114, 174

GALORE 53, 174, 261

GALT HOUSE STAKES 83, 96

GAL WAY, JAMES... 143, 144, 145, 152, 174, 323
345, 396

GAMBLER 255

GAMBLING AND THE TURF 54

GARCIA, VINCENT 405

GARDEN CITY CUP 94

GARDNER, E. S 394

GARFIELD STAKES 117

GARRIGAN, CHARLES F 401

GARRISON, CORNELIUS K 464

GARRISON, EDW.H..74. 75. 370, 376. 397, 401

GARSON, A 338

GATES, ADOLPH E 412, 415, 418

GAZELLE STAKES 224

GERHARD, FREDERICK 130, 304, 415

GEE, WILLIAM 406

GEHEIMNESS 203

GEMSBOCK 53

GENERAL HARDING 107

GENERAL HARNEY 312

GENERAL MILES 177

GENERAL MONROE 74, 108, 282

GENERAL PHILIPS 92

GENET. HARRY 461

GEORGE F. SMITH 77

GEORGE KEENE 113, 386

GEORGE KESSLER 301

GEORGE KINNEY 50, 108, 245

GEORGE MARTIN 65

GEORGE WICKLIFFE 39

GEORGIE WOOD 31

GERALDINE 77, 125, 326, 476, 477

GERMANTOWN 91

GETAWAY 101

GHIO, J. C 158

GHUZNEE 92

GIBBONS, WM. H 38, 39, 66, 68, 82, 458

GIBSON, CAREW 198

GIDEON, DAVID.., .52, 172, 281, 303, 389, 390

422, 443

GIDEON & DALY 109, 172, 281, 408

GILBERT, LOUIS 422

GILEAD 90

GILLIES, PERCY 423

OILMAN, PHIL 422

GILPATRICK 63, 64, 66. 68, 271, 370

GILPIN, BERNARD 320

GILPIN, WILLIAM B 320

GILPIN & TAYLOR 322

GILROY 168, 479

GILROY, PATRICK 366

GILTSTAR 253

GIMCRACK 80

GIRASOL 278

GIRL OF THE PERIOD 103

GIROFLE 89

GIVEAWAY 392

GLADIATEUR .127, 133, 164, 204

GLADIATOR 163, 164

GLARING 131

GLASGOW COURSE 38

GLASGOW STAKES 100

GLEANER 78-

GLEN AGNES STUD FARM 169

GLEN ATHOL 30, 104, 164, 168

GLENBROOK 414

GLENCOE....30, 37, 39, 82, 88, 90, 103, 119, 163

169, 175
GLENELG..30, 44, 49, 92, 102, 108, 164, 166, 168

189, 171, 175. 195, 370, 465, 468

GLENGARRY .30, 95

GLEN ISLAND STABLES 379

GLENLLTINE 168

GLENMORE..52, 78, 101, 104, 163, 168, 323, 473

GLENMOYNE 112

GLENEVIS 175

GLENULLEN 313

GLIDELIA 177, 365, 473

GLOAMING HI

GLORIANA 98

GLORY 227, 408

GLOUCESTER TRACK 448

GLYCERA 36

GOBANG 102

GODOLPHIN ARABIAN 13,14, 21

GODOLPHIN. LORD 13

GOELET, ROBERT 227, 475

GOLDEN AGE OF RACING, A 26

GOLDEN DAWN 261

GOLDEN GATE 48, 125, 403

GOLDEN PHCEBUS 237

GOLDEN REEL 90

GOLDEN ROD 172

GOLDEN ROD STAKES 285,383

GOLDEN SLIPPER 112

GOLDIE 249

GOLD LEAF 39

GOLDSBOROUGH, A. J 332

GOLDSBOROUGH, CHARLES H 332

GOLDSBY, T. B 28, 3S

GOLDSMITH MAID 440

GOLOW 352

GONDOLA 168

GONFALON 173

GOODE. THOMAS 269

GOODWIN, M 422

GOODWIN BROTHERS 448

GOODWOOD CUP 95, 123

GOODWOOD STAKES 89, 123

GORDON, H. SKIPWITH 471

490

GORDON STAKES 87

GORGO 74

GORMAN, CHARLES 352, 406, 412

GORMAN, MICHAEL 360

GORMAN, WILLIAM A 436

GOTHAM 300

GOUGHACRES STABLE 352,401

GOVERNMENT OF THE TURF 144, 148

GOVERNOR GRIGGS 231

GOVERNOR NEPTUNE 94, 253

GOVERNOR SHEEHAN 352

GOVERNOR WICKLIFFE 39

GRACIE, J. M 158

GRAFTON, DUKE OF 369

GRANBY 20

GRANBY, MARQUIS OF 19

GRAND INAUGURAL POST STAKES,71, 93
GRAND NATIONAL. HANDICAP.... 93, 94

108, 141
GRAND NATIONAL STEEPLECHASE. 415

430
GRAND PRIX OF PARIS... 102, 124, 125, 127
128

GRAND SACHEM 183

GRAND SWEEPSTAKES 83, 128

GRAND UNION HOTEL HANDICAP., 364

GRAND UNION PRIZE 93

GRANNAN, CHARLES R 422,426

GRASSHOPPER 321

GRATZ, WALTER 74, 400

GRAVES OF NOTED THOROUGH-
BREDS 30, 31

GRAVES, RICHARD 272

GRAVES & CO 386

GRAY DIAMOND 21, 31

GRAY, JAMES 352

GRAY MEDLEY 31

GRAY, THOMAS 451

GREAT AMERICAN STAKES... HI, 112, 223
GREAT AMERICAN THOROUGH-
BREDS 79

GREAT AM. STALLION STAKES.. ..73, 93
100, 156, 255

GREAT CHALLENGE STAKES 93

GREAT CHAMPION STAKES 107

GREAT CHESHIRE STAKES 128

GREAT EASTERN HANDICAP..110, 114, 116
474

GREAT ECLIPSE STAKES Ill, 112, 181

GREAT FOAL STAKES 100

GREAT IMPERIAL ROYAL STUD 127

GREAT LONG ISLAND STAKES 101

GREAT METROPOLITAN STAKES..126, 128

GREAT TOM 107, 164, 169

GREAT TRIAL STAKES Ill, 112, 113, 116

356, 401, 474

GREAT YORKSHIRE HANDICAP 122

GRECIAN BEND 52

GREECE AND ROME, RACING IN 11

GREEN AGE 95

GREEN, CALVIN 66, 333, 356

GREEN, F. H 157

GREEN, JAMES 0 144

GREEN, O. P 453

GREENE, THOMAS 357

GREENER. J. G 50

GREENLAND 95

GRENADA 168, 473

GRENNER, LOUIS 339

GREY EAGLE 30, 63, 64, 65, 86, 87, 175, 277

315

GREYER, JOHN 348

GREYHOUND 31

GREY NORTHUMBERLAND 20

GREY PLANET 106

GRIFFIN, HENRY F 390, 396

GRIFFIN, H. T 335

GRIFFITHS, G. R 158

GRINSTEAD 30, 4S. 138, 312

GRINSTEAD, JAMES A 30. 46, 50, 103

GRISWOLD, F. GRAY 143, 472, 475

THE AMERICAN TURF

GROSVENOR, LORD 79

GRYMES, BENJAMIN 269

GUIDO 78

GUILUEAN 170

GUILD, JOHN C 98

GUNST, M. S 479

GUNST SELLING STAKES 392

GUTHORN, JOSEPH 422

GUTTENBERG TRACK 418

GWENDOLYN 205

GWENNIN 205

c;\VYNNE, EDWARD 447

GYPSY 72, SS

HACKMEISTER, JOHN 15S

HADDINGTON 78

HADLICK, F 348, 365

HAGEL, PETER 329

HAGC;iN, JAMES B....49, 50, 53, 117, 144, 161
175, 176, 183, 209, 211, 212, 225, 301, 302, 317
356, 359, 361, 365, 376, 395, 402

HAGGINS, BUD 414

HAGYARD, E. W 179

HAKELBERG, 1 422

HAL 31

HALEY, J. R 31

HALFLING 309

HALFORD, W SB

HALL, ANTHONY 357

HALL, CHARLES H 27, SO

HALL, F. M 144

HALL, JOHN 175

HALL, N. S 412,413

HALMA 77, 394

HAM, WILLIAM 393

HAMBLETONIAN 23

HAMBURG 113, 183, 281, 373, 401

HAMILTON, ANTHONY 75, 395

HAMILTON, DUKE OF 95

HAMILTON, GUSTAVUS 418

HAMILTON, HENRY 388

HAMILTON RANCH 179

HAMILTON II 75

HAMILTON STABLE 332

HAMLIN, WILLIAM B 269

HAMPTON 114, 193, 195, 196

HAMPTON COURT 175

HAMPTON COURT STUD 87, 176

HAMPTON, COL. WADE... 27, 29, 32. 68, 134

269, 271
HAMPTON, GEN. WADE.. 23, 32, 80, 269, 270
271, 451

HANAWALT, GEORGE 418

HANCOCK, R. J 90,101,114

HANDICAPPERS, AMERICAN 141, 152

HANDICAPPERS, ENGLISH 139

HANDICAPPING 120, 139

HANDICAPPING, FIRST EXPERI-
MENTS IN AMERICA 139, 140

HANDICAPPING, SYSTEM OF 141

HANDICAP SWEEPSTAKES 118

HANDPRESS 77, 476

HANDSOME 108

HANDSPRING 116, 305

HANDSPUN lOS, 110, 256

HANKINS, GEORGE V 255, 317, 423

HANKINS & JOHNSTONE 395

HANLAN, R 123

HANLEY, J. G 158

HANLEY, THOMAS 313

HANLON, F. 0 144,145,150

HANON, AUGUSTUS 348

HANOVER ....36, 50, 76, 108, 110, 116, 117, 168
242, 245, 246, 256, 406

HANWELL 351

HARBAUM, WILLIAM 422

HARDING, H 461

HARDING, W. G....31, 36, 84, 91, 100, 162, 170

HARDWICK STAKES 100

HARDY, JOHN 423

HARDY, W. C 114

HARE, O. P 39

IIARKAWAY 253

HARLEM COURSE 156, 479

HARLEM JOCKEY CLUB 158

HAROLD 90, 108, 166

HAROLD STAKES 114

HARPER, FRANK B 30, 46, 100, 162, 279

HARPER, JOHN 36, 70, S3, 279, 364, 461

HARRAMAN, W 329

HARRIGAN, H. D 422

HARRIS, ARNOLD 66

PIARRIS, tIENRY 358, 422

HARRIS, tIENRY J 416

HARRIS, JIM 302

HARRISON, JAMES J 59

HARRISON, J. J 377

PIARRISON, ROBERT 398

HARRY BASSETT....43, 46, 52, 69, 70, 71, 92
93, 96, 138, 275, 465, 468

HARRY FOWLER PIANDICAP 123

HARRY GILMORE 139

HARRY O'FALLON 30

HARRY REED 129

HART, LARRY 346, 347, 472

HARVARD 131

HARVEST HANDICAP US

HARVEY, R. J 422

HASKINS, W. B 417

HASTINGS 116, 225, 261

HASTY GIRL 113

HATTIE TROWBRIDGE 249

HAVOC 75, 114, 309

HAWK EYE 63

HAWKINS, T. K 358

HAWLEY, SIR JOSEPH 27S

HAWTHORNE 379

HAWTPIORNE PARK 114, 256, 479

HAYDEN, GEORGE 343

HAYE, J. M 36

HAYES, W. C 415

HAYWARD, WM.75, 275, 331, 344, 370, 371, 438

HAYWARD, WILLIAM, JR....
HAYWARD, HON. WILLIAM.

HEADLEY, H. P

HEALY, JOHN

HEALEY, THOMAS J

.... 331
.... 274
.... 324
.... 351
.... 395

HEARST, GEORGE.... 49, 50, 161, 175, 177, 331
349, 356, 395

HEART OF OAK 79

HEBER JONES 324

HEBERT, PAUL 0 454

HECKLER, AUGUSTUS 445

HECKLER, F. A 445

HECKSCHER, JOHN G 143, 144, 471. 475

HECTOR, ALEXANDER 366

HEDGEFORD 28

HEFFNER, ED 302

HEGIRA 106

HEINEMAN, CHARLES F 422, 431

HEINEMAN, WALTER 422

HELEN H. II 404

HELEN NICHOLS 127, 129

HELEVA 246

HELMBOLD 70

HENDRIE. WILLIAM 410, 413, 415

HENRY, CHARLES E 422

HENLOPEN 104, 105

HENNESSY, MICHAEL F 402

HENNIE FARROW 93

HENRY, ARCHY 80

HENRY, JOHN 446

HENRY OF NAVARRE... 75, 76, 111, 115, 221
225, 231, 318, 3S6, 394

HENRY PERRIT 36

HENRY YOUNG 78, 335

HERBERT 92

HERBERT, WILLIAM HENRY 26

HERCULES 175

HER HIGHNESS 224

HERITIERE 237

HERKINS, JOHN 359

HERMANN THE GREAT 303

HERMIT 102, 110, 127, 170, 174, 193, 369

HERNDON 36

HERNDON, WILLIAM 269

HERO 95

HERRIMAN, JOEL 17

HERRING RUN COURSE 3S

HERZOG 31

HESSIE 108

HEWITT, JOSEPH S 396

HI AWASSE 166

HIDALGO 76, 152, 176

HIGGINS, D 343, 3S0

PIIGH DEGREE 373

HIGHFLYER 93

HIGHLAND CHIEF 205

ITIGPILANDER 31, 65, 85, 87

HIGHLAND PARK CLUB 158,422

HILARIOT 87

HILDRETH, SAM'L C...335, 347, 392, 411, 418

HILL, JOHN T 400

HIMALAYA 50, 90, 152

HIMY'AR 106, 112, 2S5

HINDOO 50, 77, 97, 101, 107. 108. 116

HINDOOCRAFT 78, US, 470

HIPPOGRIFFE 370

HIRA 106

HIRSCH, MAX 400

HIS HIGHNESS 52, 76, 110, 220, 224, 281

ITITCHCOCK, FRANCIS R..145, 151, 157, 443

HITCHCOCK, F. R. & T 3S0, 410, 441

HITCHCOCK, LYME A 301,360

HITCHCOCK, THOMAS 151

HITCHCOCK, THOMAS, JR 475

HOBART, W. S 415

HOBSON BROTHERS 325

HOCK HOCKING 48, 175

HOEY, FRED 138

HOEY, JOHN , 144, 469

HOFFMAN, JOPIN 382

HOFFMAN, JOHN T 461

HOLLINS, H. B 475

HOLLY HANDICAP 114

HOLTON, A. J 91

HOME BRED PRODUCE STAKES 469

HOMELESS 213

HOMEMADE 213

HOMINY BILL 372

HONIG, DAN'L A 340, 362, 374, 394

HOODLESS, T 112

HOOKER, GEORGE W 453

HOOKER, THOMAS 16

HOOMES, JOHN 32, 269, 451

HOOPER, ROBERT 410

HOPEFUL STAKES.. 97, 104, 106, 107, lOS, 110
246, 278, 469

HOPKINS, A. M 412

HOPPER, E. C 158

HORNPIPE 76, 78, 110, 148, 395

HOROSCOPE 357

HORRES, HENRY 357

HORSE, INTRODUCTION OF INTO

AMERICA 11

HORSES, EARLY IMPORTATIONS.. 14, 15
HORSES, IMPROVEMENT BY BREED-
ING 162

HORSES IN THE COLONIES 15, 16

HOSACK, ALEXANDER SO

HOTEL STAKES 107

HOTHERSALL, JOHN W 418

HOUGPI BROTHERS 356

HOWARD MANN 76, 114, 2S2, 297, 3S7

HOWARD S 283, 294

HOWE, R. S 339

HOWELL, PHILIP 422

HO WLAND 281

HOWLAND, SAMUEL S 144, 157, 339, 410

HUBBARD 48, 7S, 107

HUCKLEBERRY 438

HLTDSON RIVER PIANDICAP Ill, 37S

HUFFMAN, JOHN 403

491

THE AMERICAN TURF

HUGGINS, JOHN 131, 2S2, 362

HUGHES, CHARLES H 282, 366

HUGHES, EDWARD F 341

HUGHES, JOHN 0 422

HUGH FRENCH 87

HUGH PENNY 129, 399

HULFT, PIETER EVERTSEN 15

HULBERT 411

HUNT, L 366

HUNT, RUFUS 435

HUNTER HANDICAP 465, 478

HUNTER, JOHN 38. 39, 41, 68, 98, 135, 137

140, 143, 144, 145, 173, 274, 278, 279, 448, 458

459, 461

HUNTER, J. S 69

HUNTER STEEPLECHASE 463

HUNTER'S LEXINGTON 115

HUNTER & TRAVERS 106

HUNTRESS 255

HURON JZl, 129

HURSTBOURNE STAKES 102

HURSTBOURNE STUD FARM 30

HUSTON. WILLIAM 300, 338

HUTCHINSON STAKES 68

HUTCHISON, J. DANIEL 423

HYACINTH 351

HYBLA 193

HYDE PARK STAKES 112

HYDERABAD 148, 356, 438

HYLAND, JOHN J 313, 358

HYMENIA 103, 401

HYNES, JOHN 398, 411

HYPONA 80

I'ANSON, WILLIAM 84

IDALIA 169, 177

IDALIUM 177

IDA WELLS 89

IDLEWILD 41, 69, 71, 72, 168, 465

ILITHYIA 197

ILLINOIS RACING 479

ILLUSION 337

IMPORTATION OF HORSES INTO

AMERICA, EARLY 14, 15

IMPORTATIONS OF THOROUGH-
BREDS 18, 99, 101. 104, 105, 106. 107

IMPORTED AUSTRALIAN STAL-
LIONS 176

IMPORTED THOROUGHBREDS 82, 83

87, S9, 92, 97, 163, 164, 271, 459
IMPORTED THOROUGHBREDS, MOD-
ERN 49, 173, 176, 193, 196, 220

INAUGURAL STAKES 383^

INAUGURATION STAKES 90

INDEPENDENCE STAKES 221, 223

INDEPENDENT STAKES 415

INDUSTRY 162

INFERNO ! 255

INGALL'S PARK JOCKEY CLUB 158

INGLESIDE COURSE 58, 479

INNES, G. W 382

INSPECTION 330

INSPECTOR B 91, 169, 406

INTER-STATE RACING 63-65

INTRIGUE 135

INTRODUCTION OF THE HORSE

INTO AMERICA 11

INTRUDER 170

INVERARY 89, 135

INVERGOLD 130

INVERNESS 186, 193

INVERWICK 172

IRELAND 372

IRISH GREY 20

IRISH JOCKEYS ON AMERICAN

TURF 388, 403, 411, 413, 415

IRISH KING 92

IRISH REEL 77

IRISH TURF 355

IRON HILL TRACK 446

IRON PIER HANDICAP 346

IRONY 200

IROQUOIS.... 53, 89, 102, 108, 125, 126, 127, 128
129, 166, 168, 169, 173, 174, 181, 256

IRRITATION 113

IRVING, JAMES 395

IRVING, JOHN B 137, 274

IRVING, ROBERT G 422,424

IRVING, WASHINGTON 39

IRVING'S PLOWBOY 31

ISIS 194, 197

ISLINGTEM 302

ISOLA BELLA 195

ISOLINE 195

ISON 356

ISONOMY 114, 125, 163

IVY BLOOM 211

IVY leaf: 100

JACK ALLEN 249

JACK MALONE •... 169

JACK OF HEARTS 231

JACK OF SPADES 111,116,225

JACK POINT 303

JACK ROSE 334

JACK ROULHAC 45

JACKSON, ANDREW 31, 269, 270, 273

JACKSON, J 50, 103

JACKSON, JAMES 82

JACKSON, JOHN H 387

JACKSON, W. H 30, 53, 93, 170

JACOBIN 255

JACOBS, CHAUNCEY 348

JACONET 110

JAKEY TOM 407

JAMAICA 128, 168

JAMAICA STAKES 478

JAMES A 106

JAMES CROPPER 80

JAMES FITZ JAMES 79

JAMESVILLE RACE COURSE 271

JANUARY STAKES 106

JANUS 19, 22, 31

JAREED 87

JAY, WILLIAM 26.'?

JEAN BEREAUD 323, 373

JEANNETON 86

JEFFCOT, J. M 418

JEFF DAVIS 95

JEFFERSON, THOMAS 32,452

JENNINGS, GEORGE W 360

JENNINGS, JAMES 377

JENNINGS, WALTER B 281,375

JENNINGS, WILLIAM 104, 282, 472, 473

JENNY CAMERON 19, 20

JEROME EDGAR 72

JEROME HANDICAP 73, 104, 106, 108, 181

223, 246, 465, 478

JEROME, LAWRENCE 435, 464

JEROME, LEONARD W...50, 90, 92, 134, 135

142, 150, 153, 274, 275, 276, 338, 435, 461, 463

464, 471
JEROME PARK... 44, 46, 47, 49, 50, 70, 73, 90

03, 135, 137, 141, 150, 153, 155, 274, 275, 276

277, 435, 446, 459, 462, 463, 464, 465, 466, 467

471, 475, 477

JEROME PARK CUP lOS

JEROME PARK HOME STABLES 276

JEROME PARK " VILLA SITE AND

IMPROVEMENT COMPANY 463

JERRY 369

JERSEY DERBY 96, 104

JERSEY GIRL 246

JERSEY HANDICAP 117

JERSEY JOCKEY CLUB PURSE 92

JERSEY ST. LEGER 221

JIFFY II 130

JIM GORE 414

JIM GUEST 74

JIM MULHOLLAND 315

JIM WATSON 39

493

JOCKEY CLUB, THE.... 138, 143, 144, 145, 146
147, 148, 149, 151, 152, 154, 157, 158, 434, 437
445, 448, 478

JOCKEY CLUB HANDICAP 101, 141, 275

JOCKEY CLUB PURSE 60, 61, 64, 65, SO

84, 85, 87, SS, 92

JOCKEY CLUB STAKES 73, 89, 107

JOCKEYDOM, NO SECTIONALISM

IN 390

JOCKEYS 243, 263, 274, 369

JOCKEYS, AMERICAN 370

JOCKEYS, AMERICAN, ON THE

ENGLISH TURF 370, 373, 375

JOCKEYS, CALIFORNIA.... 381, 389, 402, 405
JOCKEYS, CANADIAN.. 380, 381, 396, 410, 418

JOCKEYS, EARNINGS OF 369, 376, 383

JOCKEYS, ENGLISH 369

JOCKEYS, ENGLISH, ON THE AMER-
ICAN TURF 371, 407, 408, 410, 418

JOCKEYS, IRISH 355

JOCKEYS, IRISH, ON THE AMERI-
CAN TURF 388, 403, 411, 413, 415

JOCKEYS OF RACING FAMILIES. .378, 398
408, 417

JOCKEYS, PRE'COCITY OF 359

JOCKEYS, PRIVATE LIFE OF 374, 376

393, 406

JOCKEYS, WESTERN 382

JOCKEYS, WINNING MOUNTS OF.... 346
349, 353, 360, 374, 383, 385, 387, 389, 393, 397
404, 405

JOCKEYS, WINNINGS OF 369

JOCKEYSHIP, QUALITIES OF SUC-
CESSFUL 376, 379, 380, 385, 387, 388

JODAN 322

JOE BLACKBURN 84, 255

JOE COTTON 77

JOE DANIELS 48, 107, 138, 175, 304, 465

JOE HOWELL 84

JOE KELLY 338

JOE MILLER 308, 309

JOE MURPHY 78

JOE RIPLEY 438

JOGUES, FATHER 15

JOHN BASCOMBE 28, 38, 61, 62

JOHN BLOUNT 81

JOHN BULL 22

JOHN COHEN 403

JOHN MORGAN 115, 169

JOHN MORRELL 346

JOHNNY HECKSCHER 477

JOHN RICHARDS 35, 37

JOHNSON, B. J 366

JOHNSON, EDWARD 348

JOHNSON, WILLIAM R....27, 30, 31, 37, 59
60, 61, 62, 63, 68, 80, 81, 82, 274

JOHNSON, W. S...; 144

JOHNSTONE, DAVID 343

JOHNSTON, ISAAC 361

JOHNSTON, JAMES T. R 388

JOLLY ROGER 19, 22

JOLLY SIR JOHN 125

JONES, EDMUND J 384

JONES, E. P 422

JONES, ORLANDO A 380,422

JONES, O. A. & CO 425

JONES, WILLIAM 80, 269

JONES, W. R 364, 434

JORDAN, AMBROSE 137

JOURNALISTS AS RACING OFFI-
CIALS 151, 152, 157, 437

JOYNER, ANDREW J 303, 334

JUDA 314

JUDGE MORROW 76, 118, 302

JUDITH G 418

JUGGLER 446

JULIA MATTINGLY 115

JULIET M 249

JULIETTE 399

JULY GIF 302

THE AMERICAN TORE

JULY STAKES.. 101, lOS, UO, VM, 24G, 27S, 34S

•ItiO
JUMPERS.... 327, 336. 337, 33!), 34li, 355. 3C6, 410

■115

JUNE STAKES Ill, 181, 224

JUNIOR CHAMPION STAKES 129, 469

Jl'NO 341

JUPITER 31

JURY 95, 12G

JUVENII-E STAKES..97, 106, 107, UO, 224, 278

465

KALOOLAH 255

KANE, P 388

KANE, WILLIAM 448

KANESVILLE 321, 332

KANSAS FAIR AND RACING ASSO-
CIATION 158

KANSAS RACIiNG 392

KANTAKA 174, 256

KARRICK, WILLIAM H 314

KATE 274

KATE ALLEN : 227

KATE HUNTER 67

KATE KEARNEY 79

KATIE 417

KATIE B 352

KATIE PEASE 48, 52, 72, 138, 479

KATISHA 303

KATONAH HANDICAP 109

KAUFMAN, A 422

KEARNEY, EDWARD 157, 463

KEARNEY STAKES 463

KEENAN 130, 225

KEENE, FOXHALL P...50, 110, 144, 148, 356
357, 374, 378, 390, 409

KEENE, JAMES R 30, 53, 90, 110, 112, 125

128, 129, 130, 131, 139, 143, 144, 145, 147, 148
161, 162, 261, 276, 312, 315, 338, 341, 356. 357
374, 377. 378, 390, 395, 402, 408, 441, 443, 448
471

KEEPSAKE 246

KEHILAN RAS-EL FEDAWI 13

KELLY, EDWARD 144

KELLY, FRANCIS 353

KELLY, FRANK 432

KELLY, GEORGE F 355

KELLY, JAMES 434

KELLY & SAMUELS 343

KENDALL 195

KENMORE QUEEN 283

KENNELL 319

KENNER, DUNCAN F 66, 134, 454

KENNER STAKES.. .90, 91, 93, 95, 96, 220, 246
463

KENNESAW STUD FARM 30, 92

KENNY, JOHN 355

KENO 341

KENSICO STABLE 314, 341, 382

KENTUCKY 31, 43, 85, 90, 109, 115, 135, 16S

173, 274, 370, 465

KENTUCKY ASSOCIATION 47, 137, 157,

158, 243, 422
KENTUCKY. CIVIL WAR RACING IN. 455
KENTUCKY DERBY STAKES.. 73, 76, 77, S3
95, 96, 97, 105, 106, 107, 108, 113, 114, 128, 139
156, 245, 255. 281, 285, 424

KENTUCKY HANDICAP 109

KENTUCKY, HOME OF THE THOR-
OUGHBRED 166

KENTUCKY JACK POT ST.'iKES 255

KENTUCKY OAKS 156

KENTUCKY RACE COURSES 454

KENTUCKY ST. LEGER....73, S3, 93; 96. 156

KENTUCKY STAKES 108, 110, 246

KENTUCKY STUD FARMS..167, 217, 243, 253

KENTUCKY TURF, THE 29, 386

KENTUCKY TURFMEN 155

KERNER, C. H 475

KETTLEDRUM 193

KEYS, JOHN 422

KIDNAPPER II 131

KILARMA 336

KILBOURN, HALLET 453

KILDEER 77

KILEY, THOMAS 372

KILWARLIN 113

KING ALFONSO 46, S3, 96, 128, 168, 256

KING B 377

KING BAN 31, 162,164

KING BOLT 53, 135

KING CADMUS 297

KINGCRAFT 107

KING CUP 246

KINGDON 373, 378

KING ERNEST 30, 164, 170, 172

KINGFISHER 52, 91, 98, 103, 465

KING FOX 31, 49, 53, 176

KING HENRY 71

KING HEROD 14, 23, SI

KING, JOHN 142

KING KYRLE 255

KINGLIKE 171, 172

KINGMAN 77, 281

KING PHARAO 83

KING PIN 53,135

KING SAM 249

KINGSBURY HANDICAP 102

KING'S PRIDE 303

KINGSTON 50, 77, 90, 109, 116, 117, 256, 355

438

KINGSTON PLATE 126

KING THOMAS 53, 177, 261

KING TOM 107, 116, 163

KING, W. S 253

KINKEAD 93

KINNEY, D. B 179

KINZER, N 169

KIP, LAWRENCE 152, 153, 154, 157, 475

KIRKMAN, V. L 157

KIRWIN, A 39

KIRKWOOD 334

KISBER 127, 163

KITTIE PEASE 78

KITTSON, J. E 114, 282, 334, 358, 438

KITTSON, N. F 438

KITTY FISHER 20

KLIEN, MAX 422

KNAPP, E. S 144

KNAPP, GIDEON LEE 138, 142, 143, 144

282, 322, 376, 390, 393

KNAPP, H. K 157, 441, 475

KNEALE, J 418

KNICKERBOCKER HANDICAP 474

KNICKNACK 172

KNIGHT OF ELLERSLIE....75, 115. 231, 232
KNIGHT OF ST. GEORGE... 90, 112, 116, 166

KORN, J. P 422

KRIK'S GUIDE 157

KUHL, HARRY 157

KUNZEMAN, G 422

KYRLE DALY 138

LA BELLE N 253, 255. 256

LA BELLE STUD 256, 353

LABOLD, A. S 158

LABOLD BROS 374, 375

LABOR DAY STAKES 109, 115, 183

LA CI GALE 245

LACKMAN, A, G 422

LACLEDE JOCKEY CLUB 44

LA CREOLE 418

LA DAME BLANCHE 88

LADAS 114, 172

LADIES' STAKES 223, 274, 395

LADSON, JAMES 451

LADY BALLARD 256

LADY CLIFDEN 35, 62

LADYDAINTY 338

LADY FLIRT 80

LADY FORTUNE 91

LADY HARD WAY 116

LADY JACKSON 275

LADY JANE 125

LADY JUDETTE 205

LADY LANGDON 114, 196

LADY LIGHTFOOT 26,79, 80

LADY MARGARET 223, 225, 227

LADY MARY 249

LADY PRIMROSE 223

LADY REEL 113

LADY RELIEF 61, 371

LADY VIOLET 225

LADY WAYWARD 256

LA FAVORITA 113

LAFAYETTE COURSE 38

LAFAYETTE JOCKEY CLUB 3S

LAGGARD lOS

LA GRANDE 91

LAIRD, JOSEPH S3, 370

LAIRD, MADISON 60, 370

LAIRD, SAMUEL 60, 83

LA JUIVE 246

LAKELAND, ALFRED 336

LAKELAND, WILLIAM 183, 300, 312, 336

346, 395, 416

LAKE SHORE 76, 306, 307

L'ALLOUETTE 76

LAMASNEY BROTHERS 335

LAMBENT 332

LAMEROCK 130

LAMLY, JOHN 378

LAMPLIGHTER 33, 74, 76, 78, 90, 109, 244

245, 246, 256, 313

LANCASTER 174, 275

LANDSBERG, W. B 332,381,409

LANGFORD 175, 270

LANSDALE 398

LAPDOG 119

LA POLKA 174, 465

LAPWING II 131

LARCHMONT 336

L'ARGENTINE 78

LARVA 211

LA SCALA Ill

LASSIE STAKES 110

LAST CHANCE 389

LATH 20

LATONIA DERBY 113

LATONIA JOCKEY CLUB 138, 158, 422

LA TOSCA 53, 173, 223, 224, 476

LA TRAPPE 197

LAUNDRY MAID 195

LAURA PARIS 41

LAURA MAY 354

LAURA SPILLMAN 39

LAUREATE 355

LAUREATE STAKES 373

LAUREL STAKES 223

LAURETE 344

LAVA 53

LAVENDER 36

LAVINIA 269

LAWN VIEW HANDICAP 478

LAWRENCE, ELIAS 138, 139

LAWRENCE, ISAAC 141

LAWRENCE, JAMES G. K..134, 141, 142, 143

144, 153, 154, 418, 461, 473, 474

LAWRENCE, WILLIAM B 141

LAWRENCE REALIZATION, THE 474

LAZZARONE 75, 76, 90, 110, 256, 395

LEADER 112

LEAKE, W. S 479

LEAMINGTON.... 30, 43, 44, 49, 53, 69, 89. 91

62, 100, 102, 125, 126, 163, 164, 173, 174, 175

400, 459

LEANDER 46

LECLARE 406

LECOMTE...26, 28, 36, 52, 65, 66, 72, 82, 84, 85

86, 87, 88, 89, 121, 122
LEDETTE 72

THE AMERICAN TURF

LEEDSVILLE

LEE, JAMES

LEE, "LIGHTHORSE" HARRY.
LEFEVRE, C

... 303
.. 338
.. 32
.. 99

LEGAL ENACTMENTS AGAINST RAC-
ING, COLONIAL 16

LEGISLATION ON BETTING 55

LEGISLATION ON feACING 56, 146

LEGRANGE, COUNT 99

LEHNDORFF, COUNT 99

LEICESTERSHIRE OCTOBER HANDI-
CAP 130

LEIGH, H. EUGENE 253, 254, 255, 256, 324

353, 359, 379, 417

LEIGH & ROSE 110, 282

LEINSTER 175

LELA MAY 255

LELAPS 89

LE MARECHAL 193

LEO 50, 166

LEON, M 422

LEONA 106

LEONARD 92, 465

LEONATUS 50, 77, 92, 105, 424

LEONAWELL 76, 319

LEONORE 237

LEOPOLDINA 227

LETCHER, W. R 158

LETOLA 177

LEVANT STAKES 100, 125, 126

LEVIA 105

LEVIEN, DOUGLAS A 446

LEVIEN, JOHN D 446

LEVIEN, RIDGE C 446

LEVITY 93, 117, 459

LEVY, A. J 422

LEWIS, EDWARD 359

LEWIS, HARRY 377

LEXINGTON... 26, 30, 35, 36, 38, 43, 55, 62, 65
66, 67, 69, 72, 73, 81, 82, 84, 85, 87, 89, 90, 91, 95
98, 101, 125, 131, 163, 167, 168, 172 174, 175, 370
465

LEXINGTON COURSE 454, 455

LEXINGTON FUTURITY 324

LEXINGTON JOCKEY CLUB 455

LIBBIE L ■. 256

LIBERATOR 272

LIBERTINE 77

LIBRA 130

LICHTENSTEIN,- S 422

LIDA STANHOPE 342

LIDGERWOOD 148

LIGHTSOME 93, 95

LIGHTWING 359

LILLIAN E 321

LILLIAN LEE 78

LILLIE DALE 394

LILUE R 174

LINCOLN 123

LINCOLN, ABRAHAM 136

LINDA PAYNE 374

LINDSAY'S ARABIAN 19

LINEAGE 399

LINGFIELD SUMMER HANDICAP.... 130

LINK HOTEL STAKES 96

LIONESS 346

LION HEART 327

LISBON 168

LITERATURE OF THE TURF.... 42, 43, 152

LITTELL, M. H 46, 135, 461

LITTLE BRAMBLE 100

LITTLEFIELD, CHARLES 408, 409

LITTLEFIELD, PHILIP J 347

LITTLE FLEA 87

LITTLE FRED 414

LITTLEJOHN 79

LITTLEJOHN STAKES 102

LITTLE, M. A 48

LITTLE MINCH 255, 414

LITTLE PEGGY 103

LITTLE REB 312

LITTLE ROCK JOCKEY CLUB 158, 422

LIVERPOOL ST. LEGER 84

LIVINGSTON, ANSON 458

LIVINGSTON, CARROLL 471

LIVINGSTON, ROB'T CAMBRIDGE.... 142

LIZE 91

LIZZIE DWYER 74

LIZZIE G lis

LIZZIE HAZLEWOOD 115

LIZZIE McDonald 35,38,39, 68

LIZZIE S 78

LIZZIE W 460

L. J. KNIGHT 245

LLOYD, CHARLES S 39, 41

LLOYD, HENRY 458, 460

LLOYD, JOHN 429

LLOYD, ROBERT S 429

LLOYD, THOMAS 422, 429

LOADSTONE 90, 174, 275

LOANTAKA 74, 75

LOBELIA 84

LOBENGULA 302

LOCAL 465

LOCHINVAR 401

LODI 90, 175, 460

LOFTUS, PETER J 339

LOGAN, EDWARD 404

LOISETTE 50

LOLLIE EASTON 110

LOMBARD STAKES 103

LONDON, J 422

LONDON VETERINARY MEDICAL

ASSOCIATION 439

LONG ACRE 334

LONG BEACH 405

LONG BRANCH STAKES 94, 108

LONG DISTANCE RACING... .34, 39, 46, 59

50, 98, 120, 371
LONG DISTANCE RACING, AB.\N-

DONMENT OF 51

LONGFELLOW.30, 46, 49, 69, 70, 89, 91, 92, 93

96, in, 126, 279

LONG ISLAND COURSE 79

LONG ISLAND HANDICAP 474

LONG ISLAND ST. LEGER 93

LONG ISLAND STUD FARMS 218

LONGSTREET 74, 118, 169, 170, 245, 424

LONG TAW 92, 170

LOOKOUT 77, 245

LOORAM, M. M 422

LOOSLEY, CHARLES 25

LORD CLIFDEN 106, 114, 196

LORD GOUGH 113

LORD HARRY 446

LORD LYON 127, 174

LORD MURPHY 77, 95, IDS, 128, 139, 168

LORD ZENI 321

LORGNETTE 199

LORILLARD, GEORGE L 46, 50, 52, 108

142, 161, 278, 320, 358, 362, 408, 461, 469, 471

472, 473

LORILLARD, PIERRE 46, 50, 52, 53, 74

92, 95, 97, 106, 108, 109, lU, 124, 125, 126, 128
129, 130, 131, 139, 161, 173, 276, 278, 282, 301
?17, 323, 337, 341, 352, 371, 375, 390, 395, 397
408, 415, 438, 440, 445, 447, 448, 461, 469, 472

473, 475

LORILLARD, PIERRE, JR 173, 282

LORILLARD STAKES.... 89, 107, 110, 112, 117
181, 183, 2^6, 469

LOTTA 104

LOTTERY 27, 163

LOUD, JOHN W 342, 362

LOUD, RICHARD H 342

LOUISIANA JOCKEY CLUB 47, 454

LOUISIANA RACE COURSES 453

LOUISIANA STAKES 71, 93

LOUISVILLE 91

LOUISVILLE CUP S3, 94, 156

LOUISVILLE HOTEL HANDICAP 353

LOUISVILLE JOCKEY CLUB. 46, 47, 71, 156

494

LOUISVILLE ST. LEGER 353

LOUISVILLE STAKES 100

LOULANIER 177

LOUPE 374

LOVE, SAMUEL 311

LOVELACE 372

LOVELACE, GOVERNOR 17

LOVELL, WILLIAM 417

LOWE, FRED 351

LOWLANDER 75, 351

LOYALIST 169

LUCAS, SAM 179, 181

LUCIFER 89

LUCKEY, JAMES M 350

LUCKEY, MARTIN R 344, 350

LUCKY DOG 389

LUCRE 265

LUCRETIA BORGIA 72, 73, 78, 479

LUCY FOWLER 278

LUCY JOHNSTON 255

LUEHRMANN HOTEL STAKES 285

LUFRA HI

LUKE BLACKBURN 52, 84, 92, 93, 95, 97

169, 472, 473

LYNCHBURG 49, 89, 102

LYNCH, D. J 343

LYNCH, HENRY 60

LYNCH, P. A 50

LYNE, S. C 30

LYTTLETON 31, 49, 70, 83, 89, 279

McBREEN, OWEN 330

McBRIDE, R 361, 401

McCABE, FRANK 304, 379, 391, 406

McCAFFERTY, A. T 281

McCAFFERTY, JOHN J 280, 281, 312, 359

366, 379, 412
McCALL, J. S 50

McCarthy, w. h 340

McClelland, byron 52, 318, 364, 386

394, 414

McCULLOM, JAMES 422

McCORMICK, JAMES H 247, 313, 335, 346

350, 362, 399

McCOUN, DAVID 39, 45, 74, 461

McCOY, C. D 412

McCULLOUGH, JOHN 471

McDANIEL, DAVID 36, 38, 45, 46, 67, 70

138, 140, 158, 277, 280, 304, 333, 356, 461

McDERMOTT, WILLIAM H 397

McDONALD, J. E...303, 334, 358, 364, 366, 381

422

McDowell, clarence 144, 157

McELMEEL, E. J 74, 282

McGAFFNEY, HUGH 313

McGEE, E. H 445

McGIVNEY, THOMAS 330

McGIVNEY, WILLIAM T 330

McGLADE, P 377

McGOWAN, JAMES 461

McGRATH, HENRY PRICE.... 31, 45, 46, 50

95, 97, 104, 162, 243, 278, 461
McGRATHIANA STUD.. 110, 113, 162, 242, 243

244, 245, 246, 247, 278

McGRATH PRODUCE STAKES 105

McINERNEY, P. J 413

McINTYRE 319

McINTYRE, H. D 141, 157, 453

McKIBBEN, J. C 453

Mclaughlin, frank 479

McLaughlin, james F...317, 337, 370, 371

3T7, 399
McLaughlin, william 315

McLEAN, CHARLES F 158

McLEAR, JOHN 337

McLEOD, WILLIAM 451

McMAHON, WILLIAM 397

McMAHON & GARRISON 347, 37a

McSPARREN, JAMES 17

McWHIRTER 30, 91, 246

A

THE AMERICAN TURF

MABEL GLENN 428

MA BELLE 255, 256

AL\CAUOON 170, 172

MACBETH 152

JL\Cr.ETH II 77, 245, 265

MACDONOUGH, W. O'B 177, 415

MACDUFF 166, 245, 246

MACE BROTHERS 394

MACFARLAN, M. N 157

MACK BRIGGS 129

MACKEY, JOHN 176

MACKIN, \V. J 422

MACLACHLAN, G 131

MACNAMARA, W. F 422

MADAM DUDLEY 174, 275

MADAME TONSON 31

MADDEN, JOHN E 113, 281, 324, 375, 399

401, 418

MADDEN & STRAUSS 353

MADELINE 102, 168

MADGE 465

MADISON, JAMES 270

MADONNA IBS

M ADSTONE 408

MAFFITT, C. C 158

MAGGIE B. B 44, 91, 102, 126, 174

MAGNATE 223

MAGNETIC 173

MAGNETISM 90, 116

MAGNETIZER 53, 116, 221, 222, 225

MAGNIFICAT .195

MAGNITUDE OF TURF INTERESTS.. 42

MAGNOLIA 30. 32, 90, 102, 110, 168, 169

MAGNOLIA COURSE 44

MAGNOLIA JOCKEY CLUB 40

MAGNOLIA STUD 107

MAHON, W. H 345

MAHONEY, EDWARD 359

MAHONEY, JAMES A 422

MAHONEY & CO 42S

MAIDEN POEM 206

MAIDEN STAKES 100, 105, 115, 285

MAID MARIAN 77, 476

MAID OF ALTONVVOOD 306

MAID OF AVENEL 195

MAID OF RICHFIELD 354

MAID OF THE OAKS.... 27, 173, 269, 270, 276

MAIL BAG 303

MAJOR DOMO 171, 261, 378, 428

MAJOR LEE 414

MAJOR PICKETT 415

MAKELESS 19

MALCOMB STAKES 102

MALCOLM 479

MALITA 107

MAL-LAK-WA 209

MALONE, J. B 60

MAMBRINO 22, 85

MAMBRINO CHIEF 23

MAMELUKE 102, 127, 163

MAMIE 402

MAMIE SCOTT 77

MAMONA 460

MANAGEMENT OF RACE COURSES.. 133

144, 435, 436, 446
MANAGEMENT OF TURF AFFAIRS... 54

MANCHESTER 387

MANCHESTER CUP 125

MANCHESTER NOVEMBER HANDL

CAP 131

MANDANE 107

MANDEVILLE, LORD 142

MANDRICARDO 193

MANGO 87, 276

MANHATTAN HANDICAP. . ..73, 94, 115, 465

MANIGAULT, GABRIEL 451

MANITOBA 129

MANNIE GRAY 91, 112

MANOR BASHFORD FARM 30

MANSION HOUSE STAKES 71, 93, 104

MAPLETON FARM 31

MARA, JAMES J 415

MARAUDER 308

MARC ANTONY 31

MARCHAM PARK STAIvES 104

MARCH. RICHARD 410

MARETTI 355

MARGARET WOOD 31

MARGRAVE 36, 119, 225

MARGUERITE 168

MARIA 246, 271, 274

MARIA D 113

MARIAM 30

MARIGOLD 73

MARINA 345

MARINER 370

MARION C 117, 438

MARIPOSA 170

MARKHAM'S ARABIAN 13

MARK L 94

MARK RICHARDS SO

MARKS, E. N 422

MARKS, M 422

MARKSMAN 39, 67

MARROON 115

MARSHALL DUROC 27

MARTELLO 308

MARTIN 387

MARTIN, HARRY 389

MARTINHURST 30

MARTIN, LOUIS 359

MARTIN RUSSELL 255

MARTIN, WILLIAM 302

MARVIN, JAMES M 462

MARY ANDERSON 78, 170

MARY BERTRAND 88

MARY EVELINE 39

MARYLAND JOCKEY CLUB 47, 94, 137

454, 467

MARY LONG 45

MARYLAND RACE COURSES 467

MARY TAYLOR 84, 86

MASCOT 195, 338

MASHER 116, 22.4

MASON, WILLIAM 346

MASSOUD 106

MATCHEM 14, 89

MATE 107, 124, 174

MATRON STAKES ; 113

MATT BYRNES 196

MATTIE MOORE 94

MATURITY STAKES.. 70, 73, 94, 109, 116, 128

MAUD 106

MAUD ELLIS 335

MAUD HAMPTON 53, 177

MAUDIE TROWBRIDGE 249

MAURICE 363

MAXIM 176

MAXWELL, CLARK 53,320

MAXWELL HOUSE STAKES S3, 100

MAXWELL, W. P 422

MAYFLOWER HI

MAYFLOWER HANDICAP. 474

MAZARINE, LORD 20

MEADOW BROOK HUNT 151

MEADOWBROOK STUD 167

MEADOWTHORPE 383

MECO 106

MEDIATOR 139

MEDINA 84

MEDLEY 21, 22, 31, 38, 163

MEDOC 28, 30, 38, 166, 173, 276, 276

MEDOC'S CELER 20, 31

MEDORA 348

MEEHAN, GEORGE W 346

MEGARA 110

MEG OF MARLEY 193

MEHALLAH 125, 181, 207

MELBOURNE, JR 30, 97

MELODY 88

MELROSE 90, 166

MEMORABLE YEAR OF RACING 46

MEMORIAL HANDICAP SWEEP-
STAKES 285

MENLOW PARK STOCK FARM 177

MEN OF THE TURF 421

MENTMORE LASS 177

MENU 303

MERCHANTS' STAKES... 83, 97, 100, 106, 109
115

MERCILESS 173

MERCKEL, FREDERICK 326

MERMAID STAKES 97, 223, 224, 473, 474

MEROPE 114

MERRILL 479

MERRY DUKE 306

MERRY HAMPTON 114, 195

MERRY NELLIE 227

MERRY PEERESS 195

MERRY PRINCE 225

MESSENGER 22, 23, 26, 31, 91, 163

META II 130

METAIRIE 465

METAIRIE COURSE 44, 65, 66, 67, 84, 85

86, 87, 88, 89, 103, 121, 453, 454

METAIRIE CUP 93

METAIRIE JOCKEY CLUB 66, 453, 454

METELLA 70

METROPOLITAN HANDICAP 101, 111

115, 125, 231, 364, 374, 378, 395, 476, 478
METROPOLITAN TURF ASSOCIA-
TION 421, 434

MEYER, LEO 423

MICHAEL, JIMMY 391

MICHAEL III 342

MICHAELS, B 422

MICMAC 138

MICMAC QUEEN 322

MIDDLEBROOK FARM 30

MIDDLE PARK PLATE 99

MIDDLETON, GEORGE C 422

MIDGLEY 334

MIDGLEY, FRANK 358

MIDGLEY, WILLIAM R 334, 340

MIDLOTHIAN 76, 111

MIDNIGHT 109

MIDSUMMER HANDICAP 109, 463

MIGNON 195

MIKADO 171

MILDRED 93

MILL BOY 53

MILLEROOK 308, 377

MILLDALE STAKES 285

MILL, SIR J. B 92

MILLER, ANDREW 145, 151, 152, 157

MILLER, A. P 381

MILLER, CHARLES 338, 401

MILLER, FRED T 336

MILLER, J. A 131

MILLER, JOHN 340

MILLER'S DAMSEL 79

MILLS, M. B , 158

MILROY, R. B 157, 479

MIMI 171

MINDEN, M 422

MINEOLA 89

MINGO 28, 62, 170

MINNOW 88

MINOCO 352

MINOR, A. J 41

MINOP, JOHN 135

MINOR, WILLIAM J 66

MINTER, EDWARD 417

MINX 108

MIRAGE 401

MISERERE 201

MISS ALICE 135

MISS BADEN 246

MISS BELLE 334

MISS BELMONT 237

MISS COLVILLE 20

MISS DAREBIN 191' 209

MISS EDITH ' 195

THE AMERICAN TURF

MISS GALLOP 411

MISS HAMPTON 170

MISS JESSIE 41

MISS LETTY 163

MISS MAUD 172

MISS NELLIE 171

MISS TENNY 314

MISS WOODFORD. ...50, 7S, 100, US, 177, 337
415

MISSOULA 209

MISSOURI RACING 392

MISTAKE 479

MISTRAL 322

MISTRESS OF THE ROBES 195

MITCHELL, JOSEPH 329

MIZNER, E. A 326

MODERN CHAMPIONS 99

MODERN RACING EVENTS 73

MODERN RACING MEETINGS 53

MODERN TURF DEVELOPMENT 42

MOERLIN STAKES 383

MOHICAN 39, 127, 306

MOKHLADI 166

MOLLER 201

MOLL IN THE WAD 451

MOLLY JACKSON 41, 69, 71, 93

MOLLY McCarthy 71, 72, S3, 93, 94, 371

479

MONARCH S7, 93, 271

MONARCHIST 43, 46, 52, 69, 70, 71, 93, 103

169, 211, 275, 465

MONARQUE 370

MONDAY 93, 111, 166, 173, 175, 177, 465

MONEYSPINNER 336

MONITA 90

MONITOR 52, 90, lOS, 278, 473

MONKEY 19, 20

MONKSHALL, H 130

MONMOUTH SO, 359

MONMOUTH CUP.. 69, 70, 73, 92, 96, 100, 101
104, lOS, US, 12S, 245, 353

MONMOUTH ECLIPSE 38

MONMOUTH HANDICAP 108, 112, US

MONMOUTH OAKS, THE 97, 224, 469

MONMOUTH PARK ASSOCIATION... 44
46, 47, 49, 55, 90, 91, 93, 100, 137, 142, 143, 152
155, 235, 282, 435, 462, 469, 470, 471
MONMOUTH PARK STOCK FARM.... 235
236, 237, 23S, 239, 240, 241

MONOGRAM 74, 255

MONROE DOCTRINE 231

MONSIEUR TONSON 31, 79

MONSON, ALONZO C...134, 137, 13S, 274, 464

MONTANA 74, 179, 181, 183, 188, 193, 376

MONTANA CTJP 359

MONTANA STUD FARM, A 179

MONTANUS, ARNOLDUS 15

MONTAUK 129, 131

MONTEREY 247

MONTGOMERY, S. R 157

MONTPELIER 393

MONTREAL VETERINARY COL-
LEGE 440

MONTROSE 77, 245, 246, 247

MOONEY, DANIEL W 345

MOORE, T. G 41, 33S, 460, 461

MOORE & COFFEE 103

MORAN, B 417

MORAN, J 179

MORELLO 76, 7S, 114, 3S2, 43S

MORETON'S TRAVELLER 19

MORGAN, EDWIN D 57

MORNING GLORY 359

MORPHEUS 308, 309

MORRIS, ALFRED H 52, 144, 277, 382, 400

418, 441

MORRIS, A. NEWBOLD 475

MORRIS, CORTLANDT 464

MORRIS, DAVE H...52, 277, 382, 400, 418, 441
MORRIS, FORDHAM 435

MORRIS, FRANCIS... 38, 39, 121, 133, 170, 171

274, 276, 277, 340, 354, 435, 458, 459, 460, 461

464, 468
MORRIS, GREEN B 110, 302, 322, 357, 359

362, 408, 412

MORRIS, JOHN 276

MORRIS, JOHN A.. 274, 277, 333, 436, 475, 476

■177
MORRIS PARK 157, 276, 277, 436, 437, 459

469, 475, 476, 477, 478

MORRIS, ROBERT B 458

MORRIS, ROBERT H 137

MORRIS, WILLIAM P 276

MORRISSEY, JOHN 278, 435, 460, 461, 462

MORRISSEY STAKES 100, 101

MORTEMER...30, 44, 53, 105, 106, 164, 170, 171

173

MORTON, LEVI P 56, 146

MOSER, EDWARD C 408

MOSES 338

MOSLEM 114

MOSS ROSE 115, 231, 233

MOSS ROSE II 131

MOTORMAN 344

MOULTRIE, WILLIAM 451

MOUNTS, WINNING. ...374, 383, 385, 387, 389

393, 397, 404, 405

MOYA 209

MR. CLAY 303

MR. DUNLOP 411

MR. PICKWICK 30, 76, 110, 111, 170

MR. SPEAKER 356

MRS. CHUBBS 261

MULATTO 321

MULKEY, WILLIAM 343

MULLINS, JOHN 313

MUNDIG 82

MUNICIPAL HANDICAP 115, 47S

MURILLO .- 356

MURPHY, ISAAC 75, 477

MURPHY, JAMES 407, 433

MURPHY, J. J 422

MURPHY, JOSEPH A 157, 158

MURPHY, MICHAEL 337

MURPHY, THOMAS H 383

MURPHY, TIMOTHY H 413

MURRAY, ROBERT M 35S

MURRY, W. M 342

MURT 249

MUSCOVY 170

MUSGRAVE 30

MUSKET 176

MY FAVORITE 116

MY FELLOW 343

MY LADY 87

MYRTLE 102

NAGI.E, JOHN E 422

NAGLE, PERCIVAL 344, 422

NAGLE, THOMAS E 422

NAMELY 203

NAMESAKE 203

NAMONIA 181, 212, 213

NANCY 34

NANCY AIR : 27

NANCY BYWELL 19

NANNIE BLACK 113

NANNIE BUTLER 113

NANNIE H 116

NANNY RHODES 86

NANTURA 83, 91

NANTURA FARM 30, 279

NASHVILLE 130

NASHVILLE BLOOD HORSE ASSO-
CIATION 44, 47, 139

NASHVILLE COURSE 38, 45

NASHVILLE CUP 353

NASHVILLE JOCKEY CLUB 454

NATHANSON, M 158

NATIONAL COURSE 452

NATIONAL HANDICAP 465

NATIONAL FAIR ASSOCIATION 453

NATIONAL HORSE SHOW ASSO-
CIATION 149, 153, 154, 435

NATIONAL JOCKEY CLUB 453

NATIONAL STALLION STAKES.. .323, 373

478
NATIONAL STEEPLECHASE AND

HUNT ASSOCIATION 157

NATIONAL STOCK FARM 169

NATIONAL VETERINARY COLLEGE. 441

NATTY 129

NAVESINK HANDICAP 108, 112

NEBULA 90

NECROMANCY 172

NEGRETA 87

NELL 171,172

NELLIE BOOKER 246

NELLIE GRAY 46

NELLIE HILL 193

NELLIE JAMES US

NELLIE McDonald 465

NELSON, C. M 422

NELSON, R. W 158

NEMESIS 114, 170

NEREID 125. 126

NETTY NORTON S9

NETWOOD 384

NEUMEYER, JOHN P 406

NEVADA 92, 95, 107, 353

NEVILL PLATE 130

NEW BIENNIAL STAKES 130

NEW ENGLAND, EARLY RACING IN. 16

NEW JERSEY 131

NEW JERSEY RACE COURSES 457, 469

NEW JERSEY STUD FARMS.. ..170, 229, 235
249

NEW LOUISIANA JOCKEY CLUB 158

NEW LOUISVILLE JOCKEY CLUB.157, 158

NEWMAN, A 417

NEWMARKET BIENNIAL 126

NEWMARKET COURSE (L. I.) . . .79, 80, 455

456 .
1\EWMARKET COURSE (VA.).38, 88, 271,451

NEWMARKET DERBY 170

NEWMARKET PLATE 193

NEWMARKET ST. LEGER 87,113

NEWMARKET STAKES 125, 127, 128

NEWMARKET TROY STAKES 102

NEW MEMPHIS JOCKEY CLUB.... 157, 158

NEWMTNSTER 102, 111

NEWPORT STABLE 472

NEWRY 175

NEWTON 78

NEWTON, GEORGE 397

NEW YORK ATHLETIC CLUB 135

NEW YORK HANDICAP 115, 118, 474

NEW YORK JOCKEY CLUB 152, 276, 477

NEW YORK RACE COURSES, OLD.456, 470

NEW YORK RACING 35, 38, 39

NEW YORK RACING BEFORE THE

CIVIL WAR 67

NEW YORK RACING, COLONIAL 17

NEW YORK STABLE 343, 362

NEW YORK STEEPLECHASE HANDI-
CAP 478

NEW YORK STATE RACING COM-
MISSION 56, 57, 5S, 146

NEW YORK STUD FARMS 174

NEW YORK TRACKS ABANDONED... 36

NIAGARA 174, 275

NICHOLAS I... 35, 38, 39, 41, 67, 68, 69, 96,121
140

NICHOLAS, H. 1 475

NICHOLS', J. F 359

NICOMACHUS 212

NICK 283, 285, 287, 383

NICOLLS, RICHARD 17

NIGHT HAWK STAKES 342

NIGHTINGALE 249

NINA 28, 35

496

a

'^'NINETEKNTII CENTURY RACING.... 42

NINETY CENTS 303

NISQUANONA 237

NIXON, JOHN 327, 418

NIXON, VV. E 422

NOLAN, M. N 157, 337, 347, 463

NONESUCH 220

NO REMARK 249

NORFOLK 30, 43, 4S, 71, 78, 85, 90, 168, 175

313, 479

NORTH ANNA 256

NORTH CAROLINA RACING 45

NORTH ELKHORN STUD 92, 162, 169

NORTHERN BREEDING, SUCCESS-
FUL ics

NORTHERN RACING AFTER THE

CIVIL WAR 69

NORTHERN STABLES 275, 276

NORTH STAR 125

NORTON 41

NORTON, W. P 324

NOTRE DAME 45

NOVA ZEMBLA 95

NOVICE 90

NOW OR NEVER 331

NULIE 166

NURSERY CUP 102

NURSERY PLATE 102

NURSERY STAKES. ...73, 92, 96, 108, 123, 275

465, 478
NURSERY STUD... 30, 50, 52, 53, 100, 102, 109
110, 170, 174, 177, 181, 196, 207, 208, 216, 231
243

NUTBROWN 172

NUTO 283

OAKLAND 140

OAKLAND PARK COURSE 58, 479

OAKLAND STAKES 115

OAKLEY DERBY ,- 281

OAKLEY HANDICAP 318

OAKLEY PARK 158

OAKS, THE 92

OAKWOOD STUD 169

OARSMAN 246

OBERLIN 393

O'BRIEN, THOMAS 422

OCEAN HANDICAP 297

OCEAN STAKES.93, 100, 104, 115, 221, 245, 314

OCHONE 249

O'CONNELL 77

O'CONNOR, CHARLES 464

O'CONNOR, D. J ■122

O'CONNOR, WILLIAM S 385

OCTAGON 225

O'DONNELL, CHARLES 399

O'DONNELL, JOHN 356, 461

O'DONOHUE 308

O'FALLON, J. J 468

OFFICIALS OF THE TRACK... .422, 444, 445
446, 448

OFFICIALS, RACING 133, 156, 157

OFFICIAL TURF GUIDE 448

OGDEN 76, 113, 181, 193, 204

OGDEN, F. G 29

OGLE, BENJAMIN 20, 28, 269

O'GORMAN, RICHARD 464

OHIO DERBY STAKES 73, 92

OKEMA 249, 251

OLD CAMBRIDGESHIRE HANDICAP. 130

OLD ENGLAND 20

OLD HAUTBOY 20

OLD NURSERY STAKES 130

OLD SPIRIT, THE 42

O'LEARY, FRANK 380

O'LEARY, J 3B2

OLIATA 135

OLITIPA 135, 166, 465

OLIVER -. 106

OLIVER, WILLIAM ., ,,.,,.,, 344

THE AMERICAN TURF

OLNEY, WALDO 341

OLYMPUS 123

OMEGA 27, 81

OMNIBUS STAKES 107, 109, 409

OMNIUM HANDICAP 118, 474

ONCE AGAIN 245, 246

ON DECK 283, 284

ONECK STABLE Ill, 138, 282

ONE-EYED JOE 35

O'NEIL, JOHN 416

O'NEILL, JOHN J 422

ONE I LOVE 172

ONEKO 231

ONONDAGA.. 76, 89, 110, 113, 166, 243, 245, 246
247

ONTARIO 246, 339

ON THE LEA 245

OPENING SCRAMBLE, THE 477

OPTIMIST 122, 123

ORATOR 171

ORDER 113, 261

ORDERLY 255

ORDRAIN 386

OREGON 245

O'REILLY, F. C 340

ORIENTAL HANDICAP 237, 357, 478

ORIFLAMME 303

ORIGIN OF THE ENGLISH THOR-
OUGHBREDS 11, 12, 13

ORINOCA 245

ORIOLE 113, 204

ORION 169, 283, 291

ORME 172

ORMONDE 53, 177, 201, 203

ORNAMENT 113, 324, 373, 376

ORNAMENTAL 373

ORNUS 365

ORTHOS 350

ORTOLAN 107

OSBORNE, JOHN 105

OSCAR 22, 27, 28, 32, 34

OSORY 30

OSSIAN 30

OTHELLO 19

OTHO 21

OVERTON, HENRY 85

OWENS, JAMES 411

OWNERS AND TRAINERS 269

OWNERS' HANDICAP 115

OXFORD 114

OZONE STAKES 478

PACEMAKER 256

PACER, THE NARRAGANSETT 16

PACIFIC COAST BLOOD HORSE AS-
SOCIATION 479

PACIFIC COAST JOCKEY CLUB 58, 167

158, 177, 479

PACIFIC JOCKEY CLUB 48

PACOLET 31, 32, 34

PACTARIA 240

PACTOLUS 237, 238, 411

PADISHAH 223

PADUASOY 239

PAGE, JOHN 20

PAGET. SYDNEY 399, 411

PALFIENA 195

PALFURNI 195

PALISADE STAKES 109

PALLET, C 405

PALMETTO 46

PALO ALTO STUD 49,167,177

PANDEE 169

PANIQUE 231

PAPPOOSE 89, 125

PARACHUTE 39

PARADE 364

PARKER, CHARLES W 306, 307

PARKER, FRANK L 306, 307, 335

PARKER, S. W 417

4?7

I'ARKVILLE STOCK FARM 344

PARKWAY HANDICAP 116, 297, 331, 478

PARMER, W. 0 158

PAROLE 46, 49, 52, 53, 83, 89, 124, 125, 128

166, 168, 173, 174, 371, 400

PAROLINA 265

PAROS 321

PARROTT & CO 349

PARSONS, SCHUYLER L 475

PARTNER 20

PARTNERSHIP 269

PARVENUE 297

PASHA 341

PASSAIC 125, 126

PASSAIC STAKES 115

PASSENGER 87

PASTIME STABLE 394

PAT DALY 447

PAT DONOVAN 395

PATE, R. C 253, 255

PATIENCE 465

PAT MALLOY 97, 98, 168, 479

PATRICK, GILBERT WATSON 370

PATRIOT S3

PATROL 309

PATSY DUFFY 78

PATTERSON, CHARLES T 324

PATTERSON, THOMAS 336

PATTERSON, T. B 39

PATTI 246, 247

PATTI ROSA 245

PATTON, JAMES 302

PAUL JONES 86, 163

PAWNEE 53

PAW PAW 125

PAYNE, J. WALTER 31

PAYNE, OLIVER H 144

PEABODY HOTEL HANDICAP 285

PEACEMAKER 28, 35, 378

PEARSALL, E 422

PEARSALL, EDWARD 458

PEDESTRIAN 256

PEDIGREES 27, 79, 99

PEEL, DAVID 173

PEEP SIGHT 195

PEERESS 181

PEGGY SO

PEINE, JAMES 329

PELL, HERBERT C 475

PENN, WILLIAM 418

PENNSYLVANIA STUD FARMS 173

PEORIA 177

PEPPER, JAMES E 30, 366, 379

PEPPER STAKES 110

PERBLAZE 256

PERCY-GRAY LAW 56, 431

PERFORMANCES, NOTABLE..26, 42, 59, 79
PERFORMANCES OF THOROUGH-
BREDS 79, 99

PERtlAPS 246, 256

PERICLES 343

PERKINS, GEORGE G 158

PERKINS, HOSEA B 464

PERKINS, JAMES 386

PERU 16S

PESSARA 76, 245, 255, 282, 374

PETERS, EDWARD 325

PETERS, WILLIAM H 422, 428

PETERSBURG 406

PETRARCH 107

PETTICOAT 201

PETTINGILL, CHARLES H 256, 358, 363

375, 422,'44S

PEVERIL OF THE PEAK STAKES 130

PEYTONA ■ 35, 66, 68, 275

PEYTON, BAILIE 31, 81, 273

PPL^TON 30, 49, 83. 96, 164

PHANTASMAGORIA 27

PHARSALIA COURSE 84, 86, 88

PHILIP 303

PHILLIPS 68

PHILLIPS, WILLIAM 397

PHILURA 246

PHCBBE MAYFLOWER 83

PHCENIX 28

PHCENIX HOTEL STAKES. ...83, 91, 93, 95

100, 106, 245, 256, 318

PICAYUNE STAKES 88

PICKAWAY 87

PICKERING, W. W 407

PICKPOCKET 75, 90

PICOLO 465

PICTON 62

PIERCE, FRANKLIN 136

PIMLICO PARK COURSE 94, 468

PIMLICO STAKES 94, 108

PINCKNEY, C. C 451

PINCUS, JACOB 39, 301, 333, 345, 346, 348

PIRATE OF PENZANCE 245, 246

PITTSBURGH 175

PIZARRO 30, 97, 173

PLACE'S WHITE TURK 13, 21

PLANET 36, 39, 95, 167, 479

PLANTAGENET 479

PLATE & CO 332

PLATINA 98

PLAUDIT 281

PLAYTHING 177

PLENIPOTENTIARY 163

PLENTY 42S

PLEONA 170

PLUNGERS 297, 426

POCAHONTAS 82, 99, 115, 163

POCANTICO STAKES 473

POINDEXTER. T. B 38, 63

POLK, LUCIUS J 31, 96

POLLY HOPKINS 27

POLLY PERKINS 80

PONTIAC 74, 109, 129, 301, 440

POOR JONATHAN 349

PORTER, ALEXANDER 63

PORTER, WILLIAM 409

PORTER, WILLIAM T 42. 62, 64

PORTER'S SPIRIT 42

PORTLAND 168, lo9

PORTLAND, DUKE OF 202

PORTLAW 247

PORTUGAL 245

POST, JOTHAM 458

POST-BOY 22, 27, 28. 38, 61, 62, 370

POST-GUARD 170

POST STAKES 80, 83, 85, 92, 93, 100

POT-8-OS ......79, 80

POTOMAC 75, 76, 115, 116, 223, 224, 225, 245

POWERS, THOMAS 397

POWERS, W. L 157

POWHATAN 168

PREAKNESS 43, 52, 78, 94, 95, 103, 124, 126

129, 174, 275, 465, 468

PREAKNESS STABLE 463

PREAKNESS STAKES 231, 331

PREAKNESS STUD 108, 152, 174

PREMIER 399

PREVIOUS 113

PRIAM 30, 3S, 87, 119, 127, 163, 169

PRICE, CHARLES F 157, 158

PRICE, JOHN W 15S

PRICES OF THOROUGHBREDS 3S, 51

53. 79, SO, 85, 86, 87, 89, 90, 92, 99, 103, 109

110, 113, 117, 129, 135, 170, 173, 177, 181, 261

275, 300, 356
PRICES OF YEARLINGS 52, 92, 93, 105

110, 112, 114, 138, 172, 177, 275

PRIGG Ill

PRIMROSE 196

PRINCE ALBERT 377

PRINCE CHARLIE 30, 74, 117, 168, 174

PRINCE GEORGE 357, 378

PRINCE GEORGE II 131

PRINCE LEE 285

PRINCESS LORRAINE 247

PRINCE OF WALES STAKES.. 100, 107, 127

THE AMERICAN TURF

PRINCE ROYAL 74, 76, 223, 224

PRINCESS INDIA 350

PRINCETON 130, 158

PRIORESS 28, 36, 121, 122, 123, 369

PRITCHARD, WILLIAM 439

PRITCHARD, WILLIAM L 175

PRIX DU CADRAN 100

PRIX RAINBOW 100

PROCTOR KNOTT 74, 76, 407

PRODIGAL 90

PRODUCE STAKES 92, 112

PROFIT 39

PROFLIGATE 413

PROSERPINE 451

PROSPECT DRIVING PARK 471

PROSPECT STAKES HI, 478

PRUDE 177

PRUDHOMME COURSE 38

PRUSSIAN ROYAL STUD 99

PRYOR 84, 88, 89, 121, 122

PRYOR, JOHN B 354

PRYOR, LUKE 354

PRYOR, THOMAS 333

PRYOR, WILLIAM 354

PRYOR & WATSON 333

PUBLICATIONS CONCERNING THE

TURF 42, 448

PULFORD, BUD 447

PULSIFER, DAVID T 281, 314, 401

PURDY, A. BELMONT 274

PURDY, JOPIN F 90, 133, 274, 370, 451

PURDY, LOVELL 458

PURDY, SAMUEL 59, 60, 274, 370

PURDY & WITPIERS 274

PURIFICATION OF THE TURF 55

PURITAN 355

PURSER, EDWARD 342

PURYEAR, D 177

PURYEAR STAKES 96

PURYEAR, THOMAS 38, 45, 67, 313

PURYEAR & WATSON 67

PUZZLE 435

QUARTERMASTER 84

QUARTER RACING 18, 374, 400

QUARNDON PLATE 130

QUEEN CITY JOCKEY CLUB... 47, 158, 422

QUEENIE TROWBRIDGE 249

QUEEN lOLA 138

QUEEN MAB 20, 249

QUEEN MARY 63, 84

QUEENS COUNTY HUNT CUP 47]

QUEENS COUNTY JOCKEY CLUB.... 57
157, 478

QUEEN'S GOLD VASE 89

QUEEN'S MESSENGER 195

QUEEN'S PLATE 102, 123, 308, 369, 377

QUICKSTEP STAKES 110

QUINCEY, JOSIAH 24, 33

OUINN, HUGH 422

QUITO 74

QUIZ 91

QUOTATION 255

RACE COURSES 44,451

RACE COURSES, MODERN MANAGE-
MENT OF 133, 144

RACE HORSES, PAST AND PRESENT. 99
RACING AFTER TtlE CIVIL WAR.. 43, 134
RACING, A MEMORABLE YEAR OF.. 46
RACING ASSOCIATIONS AND FA-
MOUS RACE COURSES 451

RACING, BETTING ON 295

RACING CENTRES, NEW YORK 459

RACING, CHANGES IN STATUS OF... 43

RACING Commission of new

YORK STATE 56, 57, 58, 146

RACING COMMUNITY, A 355

RACING, DESCRIPTION OF COLO-
NIAL ::...17, IS, 30

RACING, ENGLISH AND AMERICAN

COMPARED 120

RACING EVENTS, FAMOUS 34, 35, 59

RACING EVENTS, MODERN 73

RACING FAMILIES 135, 146, 217, 235, 269

271, 276, 278, 322, 323, 330, 331, 332, 333, 33!

335, 336, 342, 343, 344, 345, 350, 352, 354, 429

RACING FAMILIES, JOCKEYS OF.... 378

398, 408, 417
RACING, FIRST HALF OF NINE-
TEENTH CENTURY 26

RACING, GOLDEN AGE OF 26

RACING IN ANCIENT GREECE AND

ROME 11

RACING IN CALIFORNIA 4S

RACING IN EARLY NEW ENGLAND. 16

RACING IN ENGLAND, EARLY 12

RACING IN KANSAS 392

RACING IN KENTUCKY, EARLY 29

RACING IN MISSOURI 352

RACING IN NEW YORK 35, 38, 39

RACING IN NEW YORK BEFORE

THE CIVIL WAR 67

RACING IN NEW YORK, COLONIAL. 17
RACING IN NEW YORK, DESCRIP-
TION OF EARLY 25

RACING IN NORTH CAROLINA 45

RACING, INTER-STATE 63, 65

RACING IN SOUTH CAROLINA 270

RACING IN TENNESSEE, EARLY 31

RACING IN TEXAS 392

RACING IN THE NORTH AFTER

THE CIVIL WAR 69

RACING IN THE SOUTH 26

RACING IN THE SOUTH AFTER THE

CIVIL WAR 45

RACING IN THE SOUTH BEFORE

THE CIVIL WAR 67

RACING IN THE SOUTH CAROLINA

COLONY 24

RACING IN VIRGINIA 35, 39

RACING IN WASHINGTON... 32, 34. 55, 270

RACING, LEGISLATION UPON 146

RACING, LONG DISTANCE. ..34, 39, 59, 80

120, 371
RACING, LONG DISTANCE, ABAN-
DONMENT OF 51

RACING MANAGEMENT, OLD TIME. 133
RACING, NINETEENTH CENTURY... 42
RACING, NORTH VS. SOUTH.. ..59, 90, 370

RACING OFFICIALS 133

RACING OFFICIALS, CONTEMPO-
RANEOUS 156, 157

RACING, REVIVAL OF 37

RACING, REVIVAL OF AFTER THE

WAR 136, 137, 155

RACING, REVIVAL OF IN NEW

YORK 49

RACING, SECTIONAL RIVALRY IN... 29

RACING, SHORT DASH 51

RACING STAKES 109

RACING, WINTER 42-55

RACELAND 74, 110, 111, 223, 224, 378

RAHWAY HANDICAP 109

RAMAPO 75, 91, 109, 111, 112, 129, 281

RAMAPO HANDICAP 478

RAMAPO STUD FARM 281

RAMBLER 255, 256

RAMSEY, JOHN 365

RANCI-IO DEL PASO 49, 52, 117, 167, 1Y6

177, 181, 183, 209, 211, 213, 214, 356

RANCOCAS HANDICAP 73, 97, 101

RANCOCAS STABLE.... 109, 278, 301, 371, 43S
440, 445, 462

RANCOCAS STUD 53, 106, 167, 171, 173

RANDOLPH, ARCHIBALD gl

RANDOLPH, JOHN 32, 34, 60, 81, 119, 269

RANDOLPH, PETER 20

RANDOLPH, P. S. P 339

RANDOLPH, WILLIAM 269

jiANGER , 19, 271

1

¥

THE AMERICAN TURF

W

Rjvpides course as

RAl'TUKE 92, 2'15

RAKITAN STAKES 90, lOS

RATAI'I^AN 90, 111, 163

RAX'KNSTEEN 413

RAWCLIFFE STUD COMPANY 167

KAY. .H)IIN 377

RAYON D'OR 53, 76, 99, 100, 112, 115, 163

164, 173, 220, 225, 261, 400

R. B. CONNOLLY 465

REALITY 27, 82

REALTY 35

REALIZATION STAKES.75, 112, 116, 142, ISl

424, 474

REARDON, MARK 422

REBER & KUTZE 39

RECKON 246

RECORDS, BEST TIME 77, 78

RED BANK STAKES 97, 116, 224, 237

RED BANNER 127

RED DICK 45

RED ELM 351

RED-EYE 35

RED FOX 315

RED MURDOCH SO

RED OX 88

RED ROY 31

RED S 77

REDSKIN 78

RED SPINNER 198

REDSTONE 394

REED, CHARLES 30, 53, 97, 101, 111, 129

162, 170, 177, 261, 337, 33S, 360, 440, 461, 472

REED & SPENCER 462

REEDY, WILLIAM 413

REEL 28, 103

REES, JAMES H 157,168

REESE, J. 0 114

REFORM 89, 114

REFORM IN BETTING METHODS.... 421

REGAN, FRANK 282, 403, 411, 418

REGULATOR 84

REHBERGER, FRED 157

REID, SIMON W 418

REIFF, LESTER 75

REILLY, THOMAS D 157, 429, 478

REISER, J 311

RELENTLESS 170, 173

RELIEF STAKES 97

REMORSELESS 170, 465

REMSEN, ROBERT G 458

REPETITION 331

REPORTER 41, 91

REPRIEVE 246

REPRISAL 381

REQUITAL... 75, 76, 114, 115, 166, 169, 172, 261

281

RESTRAINT 402

RETRIBUTION 114

RETRIEVE 247

REUBE 65

REUBENS 93

REUNION STAKES 96

REVENGE 41

REVENUE 37, 100

REVENUE, JR 48

REVIVAL OF RACING 37,134

REVIVAL OF RACING AFTER THE

WAR 136, 137, 155, 460, 470

REVIVAL OF RACING IN NEW

YORK 49

RIVALRY" IN RACING, SECTIONAL.. 29

REYNOLDS, HUNT 333

REY'NOLDS, THOMAS L 314

RHADAMANTHUS....46, 89, 106, 135, 173, 305

RHODA B 130

RHODESIA 357

RICE, GEORGE H 348, 353, 358, 365

RICE & McCORMACK 101

RICHARDS, A. KEENE 30, 36, 46, 82, 103

165, 166, 168, 274

RLCHARDSON, JAMES B 271

RICHMOND 74

RIDDLEWORTH PLATE 130

RIDGELY, CHARLES.... 27, 28, 32, 33, 34, 59

269, 272

RIFLEMAN 175

RIFLER 325

RIGHT ROYAL 114, 396

RILEY 77, 255

RILEY, J 321

RIVERDALE HANDICAP 223

RIVERSIDE STUD 167

ROBBIN, D 41

ROBERT THE DEVIL 12S, 163

ROBESPIERRE 255

ROBINSON, FRED 336

ROBINSON, JOSEPH 329

ROBINSON, J. P 422

ROBINS STAKES 91,104

ROCHE, W. J 346, 397, 401

ROCKAWAY STAKES 478

ROCKINGHAM 80, 81

RODOLPH 38

ROGER 24

ROGERS, JOHN 359

ROGERS, J. W 314, 330, 351, 363, 443

ROGERS, WILLIAM 393

ROGERTHORPE 89

ROLLER, W. H 399

ROLLINS, WALTER C 237, 282, 366

ROMAN 128

ROMAN CANDLE 89

ROMANCE OF TURF LIFE 295

ROMAN CHIEF 131

RONDO 283, 293

ROSCO 339

ROSE, ROBERT L 422

ROSE STAKES 478

ROSEBERY 128

ROSEBERRY, LORD Ii2

ROSE, GEORGE 326

ROSETTE 181

ROSEVILLE 114

ROSS 0 307

ROSS & OYSTER 341

ROSSIFER 30

ROSSLYN, LORD 199

ROTHSCHILD, BARON 410

ROUGE ROSE 197

ROUND DANCE 110

ROUNDSMAN 363

ROUNDTREE, WILLIAM 38

ROUS, HENRY JOHN.. 105, 139, 140, 141, 156

ROUS MEMORIAL STAKES 100

ROUTH'S CRAB 20, 163

ROWE, JAMES G...144, 172, 2S0, 303, 304, 311

313. 339, 345, 381, 394, 406, 415

ROWENA 85

ROWTON 30

ROXANA 105, 126

ROYAL ARCH 334

ROYAL COLLEGE OF VETERINARY

SURGEONS 439

ROYALIST 31

ROYAL MARES OF KING CHARLES.. 13
ROYAL PATRONS OF THE ENGLISH

TURF 13

ROYAL ROSE 357

RUBICON 100

RUCKER, JOHN 415

RUCKER, M. D 131

RUDOLPH 366

RUINART .' 326

RUMSEY, L. M 158

RUNIC 93

RUNNYMEDE 97, 109, 118, 415

RUNNYMEDE HANDICAP 231

RUNNYMEDE STUD 110,162,168

RUNYON 51

RUPERT 168

RUPPERT, JACOB, JR... 50, 144, 237, 300, 33S
349, 376, 378

RURIC 169

RUSHMORE, LORD 355

RUSSELL 52, 76, 174

RUSSWURM, J. W 157

RUTHERFORD 48, 52, 138, 175, 465, 479

RUTHLESS 166, 170, 173, 370, 465

RUTLEDGE, H. M 451

RYAN, W. H 345

RYER, GEORGE 338

SABIiNE 78

SACHEM 125

SACKLOWIE 166

SACRIFICE 203

SADAH 166

SAGASTA 303

SAGE, F. E 353

SAILOR PRINCE 173

ST. ASAPH COURSE 55, 437

ST. BLAISE 53, 101, 102, 115, 116, 170, 195

196, 220, 222, 224, 258, 261

ST. CHARLES 224

ST. CLAIRE 334

ST. CLOUD 130, 131, 149

ST. DOMINGO 300

ST. FLORIAN 224

ST. GEORGE 256

ST. GILES 30,119

ST. JAMES 223

ST. JAMES PALACE STAKES.. .100, 107, 125

ST. JOHN 435

ST. LEE 389

ST. LEONARD 91,111,148

ST. LOUIS DERBY 356

ST. LOUIS FAIR ASSOCIATION 158

ST. LOUIS JOCKEY CLUB 47, 158

ST. MARK 351

ST. MARTIN 83, 170

ST. MAXIM 76

ST. PAULINE 227

ST. SAVIOUR 90,130

ST. SIMON 114, 173

SALES OF STABLES 51, 53, 181, 224, 256

300. 313

SALES, YEARLING 52

SALINA 46, 52, 117

SALLIE CLICQUOT.... 302

SALLiE McClelland 477

SALLUST 322

SALLY' HOPE 27, SO

SALLY LEWIS 115

SALLY McClelland 52

SALLY ROPER 88

SALLY WALKER 31, 35, 79, 85

SALTRAM 22

SALUDA 375

SALVADO 301

SALVATOR...49, 52, 74, 75, 77, 78, 114, 115, 117
168, 176, 181, 215, 301, 374, 424

SAMARA 195

SAM McKEEVER. 215

SANBORN, H. B 4«

SAN CARLO 223

SANDERS, CHARLES 411

SANFORD, JOHN 381

SANDIA 129, 130

SANDOLA 172

SANFORD BROTHERS 337

SANFORD, MILTON H....92, 93, 94, 103, 108
117, 124, 129, 152, 162, 168, 169, 174, 274, 275
276, 323. 331, 344, 435, 448, 461, 468

SANFORD, W. E 472

SANTA ANITA 130

SANTA ANITA RANCH 30, 138, 177

SANTA BONITA RANCH 94

SANTALENE 255

SANTA LUCIA 174

SANTA MEGO 321

THE AMERICAN TURF

SAPLING STAKES lOS, 129, 469

SAPPHIRE STAKES 223

SARAGOSSA 308, 309

SARAH HALL 249

SARAH WASHINGTON 27, 101, 272

SARATOGA CUP.... 70, 73, 92, 94, 100, 117, 12S

331, 370
SARATOGA GREEN STEEPLECHASE.. 463
SARATOGA RACING ASSOCIATION.. 44
45, 46, 47, 50, 57, 70, 135, 137, 155, 157, 460
461, 462, 463, 467

SARATOGA STAKES 73, 100, 106, 108, 128

246, 394

SARONG 104

SARPEDON 30, 85

SASS, CHARLES V 157

SATELLITE 122, 123

SATSUMA 246, 384

SAUNTERER 101

SAVANNAH CUP 353

SAVANNAH JOCKEY CLUB 40

SAWYER, WILLIAM 17

SAXON 125, 173, 278

SAXONY 91, 354

SCARBOROUGH STAKES 130

SCARLET 115

SCATHELOCK 115

SCHERMERHORN, F. AUGUSTUS 475

SCHERRER, JOSEPH 382

SCHIMMEL, WILLIAM 407

SCHISM 89

SCHOPPS, HENRY 422

SCHORR, J. W. & SON 383

SCHULTE, WILLIAM T 157

SCHUYLKILL STABLE 446

SCOTT, JAMES P 475

SCOTT, WILLIAM L..50, 51, 53, 100, 112, 173
313, 375, 376, 394, 400, 414

SCOTT, SIR WALTER 369

SCOTTISH CHIEFTAIN 181

SCRAMBLE STAKES 37S

SCROGGAN BROTHERS 280, 386, 394

SCULPTOR 356

SCYTHIAN 168

SEABRIGHT STAKES Ill

SEAGRAM, JOSEPH E..308, 309, 328, 343, 377
. 394, 410

SEA-GULL 79

SEAMAN, FRANK 345, 358, 414

SEAMAN, JOHN 350

SEAMARK 113

SEASIDE STAKES Ill, 116, 223

SEAWALL, JOSEPH IS

SEBASTOPOL 37

SECLUSION 102

SECAUCUS TRACK 140

SECOND GT. CHALLENGE STAKE.... 100

SECOND SPECIAL STAKES 108

SECTIONAL RACING EVENTS 59, 66

SECTIONAL RIVALRY IN RACING.... 29

SELDEN, MILES 62,269,451

SELDEN'S MARIA 80

SELECT STAKES. ...100, 110, 111, 117, 128, 129

SELIM 20

SELIMA 19,20, 22

SELLING THOROUGHBREDS, MOD-
ERN METHODS 259, 263

SEMARIS 227

SEMPER EGO 283, 290

SEMPER FELIX 105

SENATE STAKES 98

SENATOR BLAND 181, 193, 193

SENATOR GRADY. . .'. Ill, 127, 179

SENATOR MATTS 199

SENSATION 166, 170

SENSATION STABLE 331, 382, 384

SEPTEMBER STAKES 117, 237, 474

SEPTUOR 310, 311, 361

SEQUEL STAKES 102, 220, 370

SERAPHIN 73

SERIAL HANDICAP Ill

SERVICE

SERVITOR

SEVERALS PLATE

SEXTET

SHANNON, MICHAEL
SHANNON, P. J

392

245

193

331

403

422

SHANNON, THOMAS H 422

SHARK 21, 23, 27, 31, 38, 166, 271

SHARPE, MATTHEW 362

SHAW, FRANK 355

SHAW, JOHN W 401

SHE 223

SHEEDY, MICHAEL 402

SHEEN PLATE 130

SHEEPSHEAD BAY COURSE... 142, 462, 472

473, 474
SHEEPSHEAD BAY HANDICAP... .129, 474

SHELLY TUTTLE 319

SHEPPARD, WILLIAM 439

SHERIDAN, JOHN J 349

SHERIDAN, PHILIP 153

SHERLOCK, J. C 158

SHERROD 69

SHIELDS, C. M 418

SHIELDS, HENRY 392

SHIELDS, JAMES 348, 390, 399, 410, 416

SHIPP, J. V 30

SHOCCO 39, 68

SHORT DASH RACING 51

SHOWALTER, W 409

SHREVE CUP 3S9

SHREWSBURY HANDICAP 108

SHREWSBURY STABLE 142

SHULTS, J. H 344, 443

SHYLOCK 142

SIDDARTHA 173

SIDI HAMMET 30

SIGHTSEER 195

SIGLER, GEORGE 352

SILVER 127

SILVER BEAUX 213

SILVER BROOK STUD 229, 231

SILVER-EYE 19

SILVER FOX 181

SILVER KING 53

SILVER MAID 169

SIMMONS, H 377

SIMMONS, R. W 144,157 473

SIMON KENTON 168

SIMON MAGUS 173

SIMONTON, S 158

SIMPLE SIMON 245

SIMPSON, J. C 48

SIMS, WILLIAM 75, 129, 375

SINGERLY TRACK 446

SINGERLY, WILLIAM M 114

SINGLETON, COLONEL 27

SINK, WILLIAM B 347,392

SINK, WILLIAM B., JR..... 381

SIOUX 53

SIR ARCHY....20, 21, 26, 27, 30, 31, 35, 37, 59
81, 82, 95, 100, 163

SIR CHARLES 59,80,86, 95

SIR DICK 302

SIR DIXON 109, 116

SIREN STAKES 474

SIR EXCESS Ill, 131

SIR FRANCIS- 51

SIR HAL 34, 35

SIR HARRY 22, 34

SIR HENRY.... 34, 35, 37, 59, 60, 61, 68, 79, 91
274, 275, 370

SIR JOHN 31, 78, 272, 476

SIR LESLIE 30

SIR LUVELL 79

SIR MODRED 176, 177

SIR SOLOMON 35

SIR VASSAR 411

SIR WALTER 75, 76, 79, HI, 138, 282, 297

322, 374
SIR WILLIAM 35

500

SKEDADDLE 31, 168

SKIDD/, FRANCIS 463

SKINNER, JOHN F 42

SKIRMISHER 89

SKY BLUE 334

SKYLARK lOr

SLACK,, J. B : 412

SLASHER 39

SLEEPER 336

SLEEPY DICK 78

SLIM 61

SLIPALONG 78

SLOAN, DAVID 335

SLOAN, JAMES F. (TOD) 372, 373

SLOW AND EASY 79

SLOW DANCE 214

SLY DANCE 163

SMALLWOOD, J. P 393

SMILEY, JAMES 17

SMITH, B. H 158

SMITH, CHARLES 366

SMITH, CHRIS 372

SMITH, D 389

SMITH, E. F 405

SMITH, E. L 422

SMITH, GEORGE E 295, 296, 297, 298, 299

333, 373, 382, 402, 418

SMITH, JAMES 104

SMITH, J. W 195

SMITH, KIRBY 29, 455

SMITH, O'BRIEN 451

SMITH, RICHMOND 394

SMITH, VICTOR C 144

SMITH, WILLIAM C 297, 333

SMITH, E. L & J. T 412

SMOCK, JAMES 269

SMUGGLER 440

SMYTHE, J. W 360

SNAPDRAGON 34, 451

SNEDEKER, E. V 45, 117, 340, 461, 472

SNELL, L. H 422

SNOW, WILLIAM 422

SOBRANJE 245

SOCIETY AND THE TURF 451, 466, 473

474, 475

SOLFERINO 41

SOMNAMBULIST ....; 100

SONG AND DANCE 75

SONGER, ALBERT 396

SOPHRONIA 246

SOPRANO 148

SOUTH CAROLINA JOCKEY CLUB... 140

271, 451, 452, 458
SOUTH CAROLINA RACE COURSES. 451

SOUTH CAROLINA RACING 24, 270

SOUTHDOWN PLATE 130

SOUTHERN HOTEL STAKES 98

SOUTHERN RACING 45, 67, 478

SOUTHERN STABLES, EARLY 271

SOUTHERN STATES, RACING IN 26

SOUVENIR Ill

SOUVERAINE 130

SOVEREIGN 29, 36, 37, 86, 169, 271

SPANKER 20

SPARK 20

SPARLING 313

SPECIALISM IN TRAINING 319, 327

SPECIAL STAKES 100

SPECULATION ......90, 341

SPECULUM 109, 337

SPEED AND ENDURANCE COM-
PARED 51, 120

SPEED STAKES 474

SPEEDWELL 90, 376

SPELLMAN, JOHN 336

SPENCER, ALBERT 461

SPENCER, HENRY 381

SPENCER HANDICAP 463

SPENDTHRIFT.... 52, 89, 90, 108, 109, 110, 117

128, 276
SPIERS, W. J 319, 398

THE AMERICAN TURF

SPILETTA 166

SriNAWAY 110, 166, 278, 473

SPINDRIFT STAKES 108, 116, 474

SPLENDID SO

SPIRIT OF THE TIMES, THE 42

SPOKANE 77

SPORT 320

SPOTTISWOODE, ALEXANDER 19, 269

SPREAD EAGLE 22,31, 88

SPRECKLES, ADOLPH B 177, 384, 479

SPRIGG, SAMUEL 269, 452

SPRINGBOK 48, 78, 94, 104, 106, 138, li5

SPRINGBOK STAKES 255

SPRINGFIELD 308

SPRINGFIELD, WOODFORD 461

SPRINGHURST STABLE 398

SPRING STAKES 181, 373, 474

SQUANDER 407

STABLES OF THE NORTH 275, 276

STABLES OF THE SOUTH, EARLY... 271
STABLES, SALES OF 51, 53, 181, 224, 256

300, 313

STABLES, SUCCESSFUL 256

STAKES AND ENTRIES, 1876-7-8 47

STAKES, MODERN 73

.STAKES, VALUE OF 48,75, 76

STALLCUP, WILLIAM 327

STALLIONS IN AMERICA, ENGLISH. 163
STALLIONS IN THE NORTH, FA-
MOUS 166

STALWART 170

STAMPS 168, 174

STANDARD STAKES 109,112

STAND PLATE 130

STANFORD, LELAND...49, 161, 175, 177, 405

STANLEY PLATE 130

STANTON, C. W 411

STAPLES, ISAAC , 253

STAR DAVIS ! 31

STARK, BELLEFIELD 451

STARK, WILLIAM B 454

STARKE 28, 103, 122, 123, 369

STARLIGHT 404

STAR RUBY 176, 302

START 124

STARTER, THE 422, 448

STATELY 171, 172

STATE POST STAKES 65, 67, 84, 87

STATUS OF RACING, CHANGES IN

THE 43

STEDEKER, HENRY' 422

STEEDS, EDWARD A 343

STEEPLECHASE, HUNT AND PONY

RACING ASSOCIATION ...• 265

STEEPLECHASE RIDING.. 320, 327, 336, 337

339, 346, 355, 366, 388, 410, 411, 412, 413, 414

415, 430

STEPHENSON, M. F 351, 375, 418

STERLING 20, 113, 114, 195

STERLING SWEEPSTAKES 269

STERN, FRANK 333

STEVENS, JOHN C....27, 28, 32, 36, 37, 59, 61

62, SO, 133, 142, 274, 275, 371, 457

STEVENS STAKES 108, HI, 112, 223, 469

STEWARDS' CUP 89

STEWART, JOSEPH 329

STEWART, WILLIAM A 39, 271

STIRRUP CUP 473

STOCKBRIDGE BIENNIAL STAKES.. 102

STOCKBRIDGE CUP 105, 128

STOCKHOLDER 86

STOCKTON 90, 231

STOCKTON, ROB'T F...27, 29, 36, 37, 80, 270
STOCKTON STAKES.... 108, HI, 112, 176, 223

469

STOCKWELL 82, 163, 195

STOCKWOOD 107, 304

STOCK YARD STAKES 415

STOLEN igSSES 114

STONE, CHARLES 453

STONECROP 172

STONEHENGE 170, 172

STONEMASON 309

STONENELL 112, 129, 171

STONENELLIE 237, 239

STONEWALL STUD 169

STOOPS, WILLIAM 311,414

STORM, SAMUEL G 447

STORM KING 352,409

STORM QUEEN 352

STRACHINO 30

STRAIN & CO 361

STRATHMEATH 245, 247

STRATHMORE 245, 247

STRATTON NURSERY HANDICAP.... 102

STRAUS, NATHAN 408

STREET, S. W.. 361

STRIDEAWAY 118, 358

STUART, CHARLES 269

STUART, JAMES 313

STUART, LOUIS 313, 407

STUD FARM, COST OF A MODERN... 179
STUD FARM, DESCRIPTION OF A
■ MODERN 179, 218, 221, 229

243

STUD FARMS, CALIFORNIA 48, 175

STUD FARMS, KENTUCKY 167, 217, 243

253

STUD FARMS, LONG ISLAND 218

STUD FARMS, MONTANA 179

STUD FARMS, NEW JERSEY... 170, 229, 235

249

STUD FARMS, NEW YORK 174

STUD FARMS, PENNSYLVANIA 173

STUD FARMS, TENNESSEE 169

STURGIS, FRANK K 144, 145, 149, 150

STYLITES . .' 30

SUBSCRIPTION STAKES 130

SUBURBAN HANDICAP... 69, 73, 74, 75, 109

110, HI, 114, 115, 117, 129, 139, 142, 168, 181

183, 245, 256, 281, 316, 318, 351, 374, 376, 394

395, 438, 473, 474

SUE DORRITY 110

SUE KITTIE 343, 380

SUE RYDER 95, 107

SUE WASHINGTON 35, 67, 68, 69, 372

SUISUN 324

SULLIVAN, T. G 422

SULLIVAN, TIMOTHY D 404

SULTAN 163

SULTANA 46, 114, 135, 465

SUMMERFIELD, SAMUEL 422

SUMMER HANDICAP 128

SUMNER & CO 413

SUMTER, THOMAS 271

SUNBURST 46

SUNNY SLOPE 341, 478

SUNSHINE 41

SUN UP 405

SUPPER STAKES 96, 468

SUPREMACY OF THE NORTHERN

TURF AG, 49

SURF STAKES 97, 110, 221, 473, 474

SURGEON 401

SURNAME 462

SURPLUS 127

SURPRISE 460

SUSAN ANN 91,105

SUSAN BEANE 115, 116

SUSIE S : 78

SUSQUEHANNA 115

SUSSEX 35

SUSSEX STAKES 100

SWATTS, LEO 422

SWAYNE & LA TROVE 345

SWEEPER 20

SWEETBRIAR 96

SWEET HOME 261

SWEET LIPS 106

SWEET SOUND 350

SWIFT, BENJAMIN 369

SWIFT STAKES 108,117,474

SWIGERT, DANIEL 103, 104, 107, 162, 168

304, 438

SW(JRD DANCE 214

SYCAMORE RANCH 281

SYLPH 168

SYMPATHY 4S0

SYRACUSE 336

SYRINX 237

TAGUS 131

TAILER, WILLIAM H 475

TALLY, JAMES 39

TALLY HO 35, 37

TAMMANY.. .75, 127, 179, 181, 185, 193, 195, 376

TAMMANY HALL II 183

TAMOR 204

TARAL, FRED 374

TARBOUCHE 173

TARGET .■ 166

TAR RIVER 35, 39, 68

TARTARIN 383

TASKER, COL. B 19,20, 22

TASMANIA 274

TAYLOE, JOHN 19,20,23,26,27,28, 32

33, 34, 80, 81, 269, 271, 272, 452

TAYLOR, ALEC 331

TAYLOR, ANTHONY 275, 301, 415

TAYLOR, ARTHUR 59, 62, 63

TAYLOR, FRANK 339

TAYLOR, J 3^0

TAYLOR, WILSON S 362

TAYLOR, ZACHARY 273

TEA-LEAF 364

TEARDROP 72

TEA-TRAY 76, 100, 110, IIS, 174, 428

TEBO, ROBERT P 422,427

TELEGRAM 103

TELEMACHUS 168

TEMPE 195, 202

TEMPEAN 202

TEMPLAR 414

TEN BOOKER 246

TEN BROECK 30, 46, 47, 49, 66, 71, 72, 73

78, 83, 94, 96, 106, 276, 279

TEN BROECK COURSE 38

TEN BROECK, RICHARD.. 28, 38, 40, 66, 68

S3, 84, 85, 86, 88, 121, 122, 123, 124, 129, 130

131, 276, 277, 278, 333, 369, 370

TENNESSEE 131

TENNESSEE BREEDERS' ASSOCIA-
TION 157, 158

TENNESSEE DERBY 255

TENNESSEE STAKES 97, 107, 246

TENNESSEE STUD FARMS 169

TENNESSEE TURF, THE 31, 33, 353

TENNY 52, 74, 76, 100, 115, 117, 174, 231, 281

314, 424
TENTH GREAT CHALLENGE STAKE. 113

TERPSICHORE II 130

TERRA COTTA 74, 76, 169, 255

TERROR 337

TERRY, JOHN T 362

TEXAS RACING 392

THACKERAY 107

THAD STEVENS 48, 78, 479

THE APPLE 172

THE BANSHEE 479

THE BARD 76, 323

THE BARONESS 349, 401

THE BAT 193

THE BULLY 393

THE BUTTERFLIES 76, 113, 116, 118, 281

THE COLONEL 87

THE COMMONER 75, 108, 318, 394, 409

THE COON 138, 322

THE FOP 261

THE FRIAR 75, 116, 118, 478

THE HUGUENOT 231, 381

THE ILL-USED 30, 109, 115, 116, 164, 196

207, 220, 223
THE LOCUSTS 108

501

THE AMERICAN TURF

THE MAID OF OAKS 27

THE MEADOWS 30

THE NEW SOUTH 406

THE NIPPER S3

THE PEPPER 189,366

THE PLANTER 321

THE PROMISED LAND 89

THERESA 193

THE ROSE 413

THE QUEEN 87, 271

THE SHERIFF 246

THESPIAN STAKES 104,106

THE TASK 202

THE WINNER 75, 297, 318

THISTLE STAKES 231, 474

THOMAS, B. G 50, S3, 112, 162

THOMPSON, ANDREW 361, 375, 416

THOMPSON, C. H 422

THOMPSON, F 106

THOMPSON. ISAAC S 422, 448

THOMPSON, JAMES 461

THOMPSON, J. COLEY 418

THOMPSON, LEWIS S 171, 281

THOMPSON, NATHANIEL A 88

THOMPSON, WILLIAM P...50, 114, 143, 144
171, 172, 281, 394, 435

THOMPSON, WILLIAM P., JR 171, 281

THOMPSON, L. S. & W. P 381, 443

THORA....92, 96, 97, HI, 126, 170, 243, 342, 424

THORA STAKES 110

THORMANBY 123, 197

THORNE HILL 342

THORNHILL 78

THORNTON STAKES 302

THOROUGHBRED, ORIGIN OF THE. 11
THOROUGHBREDS, AMERICAN, ON

THE ENGLISH TURF 84, 88, 94

THOROUGHBREDS, BROKEN DOWN

IN RACING 61

THOROUGHBREDS, CONTEMPORAN-
EOUS 109

THOROUGHBRJEDS, DEATHS OF 31

THOROUGHBREDS, EARLY IMPOR-
TATIONS OF 18

THOROUGHBREDS, EARLY NATIVE

AMERICAN 26, 27, 28, 29

THOROUGHBREDS, ENGLISH... 81, 82, 84

87, 89, 99, 113, 114
THOROUGHBREDS, ENGLISH AND

AMERICAN COMPARED 120

THOROUGHBREDS, GRAVES OF... 30, 31
THOROUGHBREDS, GREAT AMERI-
CAN 79

THOROUGHBREDS, IMPORTED 28, 49

82, 83, 87, 89, 92, 97, 99, 101, 104, 105, 106, 107
163, 164, 173, 176, 193, 196, 220, 271, 459

THOROUGHBREDS, MODERN 99

THOROUGHBREDS, MODERN METH-
ODS OF SELLING 259, 263

THOROUGHBREDS, ORIGIN AND
EARLY HISTORY OF ENGLISH... 11
12, 13, 14
THOROUGHBREDS, PEDIGREES OF.. 99
THOROUGHBREDS, PERFORMANCES

. OF 79, 99

THOROUGHBREDS, PRICES OF.... 38, 51
53, 79, 80, 85, 86, 87, 89, 90, 92, 99, 103, 109
110, 113, 117, 129, 135, 170, 173, 177, 181 261
275, 300, 356

THOROUGHBRED WINNINGS 100, 101

108, 109, 111, 112, 115, 116, 117

THREE CHEERS 175, 313, 342

THREE YEAR OLD SWEEPSTAKES... 83

THROGGS NECK 39, 41

THUNDER 460

THUNDERCLAP 451

THUNDERSTORM 171

TIDAL STAKES... 93, 97, 108, 111, 117, 364, 473

TILLO 394

TILLOTSEN, JOHN C 61

TILLOTSON, ROBERT 61

TIME RECORDS, BEST 77, 476, 479

TIME RECORD, FOUR MILES... 66, 72, 479
TIME, LONG DISTANCE RACES.. 34, 35, 479

TIME RECORDS, NOTABLE 46, 59, 479

TIME TEST STAKES 223

TIMMONS, W. H 339, 377, 398

TIMOLEON 35, 95

TINGE 358, 405

TINKLER 409

TIPSTAFF 408

TIPTON, EDWARD A 158

TITAN STAKES 117

TOBACCO STAKES 96, 335

TOBOGGAN SLIDE HANDICAP... .224, 378

476, 47S

TOBY 20

TODHUNTER, PARKER E 30

TOLER 39, 68

TOLER, HENRY K 38

TOMATO 110

TOM BOWLING 30, 46, 98, 104, 243, 465

TOMBOY 171

TOM HAYES 78, 476

TOM JONES 20

TOM OCHILTREE 46, 52, 83, 171, 278, 465

TOM PIPER 275

TOMPKINS, G. R 412

TONSON 31

TOO QUICK 245

TOPAZ 93, 169

TOPGALLANT 31, 34, 113, 269

TORCHLIGHT 109, 364

TORMENTOR 77, 476

TORNADO ; 311

TORONTO CHIEF 276

TORONTO CUP 363

TORPIE, W. J 422

TORSO 100, 174, 176

TOUCHSTONE 163

TOUCQUES 53

TOURAINE 303

TOURNAMENT 75, 118

TRACEY & LEVY 372

TRACK OFFICIALS 422, 444, 445, 446, 448

TRACK MANAGEMENT 435, 436, 446

TRACKS ABANDONED IN NEW

YORK 36

TRACY, BENJAMIN F 144

TRADUCER 176

TRAGEDIAN 309

TRAINERS 237, 243, 253, 269

TRAINING, SPECIALISM IN 319, 327

TRANBY 119

TRANSPORT 27

TRAVERS STAKES 73, 90, 95, 96, 103, 104

110, 114, 115, 135, 370, 463
TRAVERS, WILLIAM R 90, 135, 136, 274

278, 279, 435, 460, 461, 462, 464

TREAT, GEORGE 175

TREMONT 52, 118, 168, 169, 406

TREMONT STAKES HI, 129, 223, 373, 478

TRENTON STAKES 116, 224

TRIFLE 27, 62, 61, 80, 85, 98, 371

TRILL 172

TRILLO 231

TRIOLET 172

TRISTAN 78, 125, 128, 163, 231, 234, 47B

TROMBONE 152

TROTTING HORSE, THE.... 16, 229, 324, 327

330, 339, 344, 351
TROTTING HORSES, ORIGIN OF... 22, 23

TROUBADOR 74, 168, 245, 438

TROVATORE 41

TROWBRIDGE, SAMUEL.. .248, 249, 250, 251

252

TROY STAKES 102

TRUE BLUE 48, 274

TRUSTEE 28, 29, 30, 82, 83, 459

TRUMPATOR 35, 80

TRUXTON 31

TRY-ALL 19

TUCKAHOE 27, 35, 269

TUCKER, ROBERT 302

TULLA BLACKBURN 428

TULLAHOMA 169, 181

TURCO 231

TURF AFFAIRS, MANAGEMENT OF.. 54

TURF, ALLUREMENTS OF THE 354

TURF, AMERICAN, ENGLISH DIS-
REGARD OF IZl

TURF, AMERICAN, ENGLISH JOCK-
EY'S ON 371, 407, 408, 410, 418

TURF, AMERICAN, ENGLISH OPIN-
IONS OF 119

TURF, AMERICAN, IRISH JOCKEYS

ON 388, 403, 411, 413, 415

TURF AND FIELD CLUB 149, 436

TURF AND THE CHURCH 33

TURF AND THE CIVIL WAR 40

TURF AN INSTITUTION, THE 53

TURF, BUSINESS MEN ON THE... 229, 318

TURF, BUSINESS SIDE OF a

TURF, CANADIAN 308, 328

TURF CLUB, THE 227

TURF, DECADENT PERIOD 36

TURF DEVELOPMENT, MODERN 4S2

TURF, EARLY AMERICAN CHAM-
PIONS 79

TURF, EARLY DAYS OF AMERICAN. 32

TURF EXPANSION 421

TURF, GAMBLING IN CONNECTION

WITH THE 54

T.URF GOVERNMENT 144, 148

TURF HANDICAP 474

TURF INTERESTS, MAGNITUDE OF. 42
TURF IN THE NORTH, SUPREMACY

OF 46

TURF LEGISLATION 55

TURF LIFE, ROMANCE OF 295

TURF LITERATURE 152

TURFMEN, AMERICAN IN ENG-
LAND 119, 148

TURFMEN, AMERICAN IN EUROPE.. 119

TURFMEN, CALIFORNIA 49, 326, 342

TURFMEN, CANADIAN 344,353

TURFMEN, CONTEMPORANEOUS

AMERICAN 280

TURFMEN, ENGLISH, IN AMERICA.. 259

320, 323, 331, 336, 339, 354
TURFMEN, FAMOUS AMERICAN... 32, 33
36, 38, 39, 46, 50, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 133, 144
161, 217, 229, 235, 243, 249, 253, 259, 263, 2^
274, 451, 453, 458, 460, 461, 464, 469, 471, 479

TURFMEN, SOUTHERN IS

TURFMEN, TENNESSEE 31, 33

TURFMEN, UNPROFESSIONAL 283

TURF, OUTLOOK FOR 479

TURF, PRESENT CONDITION OF 479

TURF PUBLICATIONS 42, 448

TURF, PURIFICATION OF THE 55

TURF, SOCIETY AND THE 451, 466, 473

474, 475

TURF STAKES 100,106

TURF, SUPPORTERS OF THE 421

TURF, THE CALIFORNIA 94, 176

TURF, THE ENGLISH 105,119

TURF, THE ENGLISH, AMERICAN

HORSES ON U2

TURF, THE ENGLISH, FOUNDA-
TIONS OF 13

TURF, THE IRISH 355

TURF, THE KENTUCKY 29, 155, 386

TURF, THE MONTANA 183

TURF, THE SOUTHWEST 392

TURF, THE TENNESSEE 353

TURK II 231

TURNBULL, WILLIAM 4G1

TURNEY BROTHERS 383,394

TUXEDO 130

TWEED, WILLIAM M 49

TWIN CITY HANDICAP 474

502

THE AMERICAN TURF

TWO THOUSAND GUINEAS, THE 99

100, 102, IDS, 114, 127, 473
TWO YEAR OLD CLASS, RISE OF.... 51

TYl'HUON II 77, 113, 237, 283, 286, 407

TYRANT 176, 446

TYRB A 302

TYRO STAKES 469

TYRSHENA 302

UGLY 271

ULLMAN, ALEXANDER 422

ULLMAN, JOSEPH F 110, 422

ULRICA 110, 135

ULYSSES 22

UMPIRE 122, 123, 36.9

UNCAS 53, IDS, 124, 125, 172, 237

UNCLE BOB 169

UNCLE JESS 176

UNDINE 28

UNION COURSE 59, 60, 61, 62, 66, 68, 79

80, 81, 370, 371, 457

UNION PARK 90

UNION STOCK YARD'S PURSE 98

U. S. COLLEGE OF VETERINARY

SURGEONS 441

UNITED STATES HOTEL STAKES.... 108

378, 406

UNIVERSAL HANDICAP 474

UPROAR 172

URANIA 108, 256

UTICA 129

UTICA HANDICAP 107

VAGABOND 76

VAGRANT 46, 77, 128

VALENTINE, JOHN H 401

VALENTINE, WILLIAM 404

VALLEY BROOK FARM 135

VALUABLE STAKES 75, 76

VAN ANTWERP 283

VAN BUREN 372

VANDAL 30, 44, 84, 103, 169

VANDALITE 46

VANDERBILT, CORNELIUS 138, 464

VANDERBILT, FREDERICK W 263

VANDERBILT, WILLIAM K....144, 263, 265
471, 473, 475

VANDERDONK, ADRIAN 15

VANDERVEER, GERRIT 79

VANDYKE 306

VANITY 27

VAN KEUREN, EUGENE 398

VAN KEUREN, WILLIAM 343, 398

VAN LEER, ISAAC 275

VAN NESS, FRANK 114,382,384

VAN NESS, J. C 422

VAN NEST STAKES 115, 478

VAN RANST, CORNELIUS W.23, 59, 79, 269

VAN TIENHOVEN, CORNELIUS 15

VAUXHALL 31

VEITCH, SILAS 410

VELOCIPEDE 163

VELVET 336

VENDIG, JOSEPH H 422, 425

VENETIA 173

VENTILATOR 170, 171, 473

VENTURE 404

VERA 246

VERELL, JAMES 269

VERNAL STAKES 231, 474

VERONA 103

VERSAILLES bo

VESPUCIUS 274

VETERINARIAN, A NATURAL 442

VETERINARIAN, THE SUCCESSFUL. 439
440, 441, 442, 443

VETERINARY SCIENCE 422

VETERINARY SCIENCE, DEVELOP-
MENT OF IN THE UNITED
STATES , 443

VETERINARY SCIENCE, ECONOMIC

VALUE OF 443

VETERINARY SCIENCE, PROGRESS

OF 441

VIATOR 46

VICEROY 171

VICTORINE 113, 261

VICTORIUS 308

VICTORY 168, 224

VICTRIX 407

VIGIL 46, 53, 169, 465

VILEY, B 169

VILEY, WARREN 96

VILEY, WILLA 64

VINCENT, WILLIAM 404

VINTAGE TIME 169

VIOLA 261

VIRAGO 23, 112

VIRGIL 30, 44, 103, 107

VIRGIN 212

VIRGINIA RACE COURSES 451

VIRGINIA RACING 35, 39

VIRGINIA TAYLOR 80

VIRGINIUS 138, 465

VISITORS' PLATE 130

VOLLEY ...■ 76, 409

VOLTIGEUR 104, 127, 140

VOLTURNO 139

VOLUNTEER US, 440

VOLUNTEER HANDICAP 115, 474

VOSBURGH, W. S 141, 144, 145, 152, 157

VOTER 378

VULTURE 451

WADE HAMPTON 87

WADSWORTH 400

WADSWORTH, J. W : 475

WAGNER 35, 41, 63, 64, 65, 86

WAGNER, SAMUEL C 387

WAITZFELDER, S. L 4/2

WALBAUM, G 313, 395, 422

WALCOTT 317

WALCOTT, A. F 50, 144, 282, 313, 314, 438

WALCOTT & CAMPBELL 374

WALDEN, GEORGE G 333

WALDEN, JAMES F 333, 362

WALDEN, JETER 333, 338, 379, 417

WALDEN, M. A 48

WALDEN, R. WYNDHAM....45, 53, 277, 301
333, 356, 400, 406, 461

WALDMAN, N. P 422

WALDO, DAVID 393,395

WALKER, J. R 32S

WALKER CUP 327, 415

WALL, ARTHUR 422

WALL, EDWARD 364

WALLACE, JOHN H 19

WALLACE, WILLIAM M 318, 353, 409

WALLACK, LESTER 469

WALLENSTEIN 105, 125, 126, 479

WALLER, ASHER 409

WALNUT HILLS FARM 30, 105

WALTERS, CHARLES 422

WALTERS, J. C 422

WALTON, F. T 313, 358

WANDERER 52, 72, 174, 353

WAPSHIRE, ALFRED H 403

WAR DANCE 30, 43, 90, 103. HO, 116

WARD, SAM 134

WARD, W. P 365

WARD, ZEB .41-

WARE, FRANCIS M 262, 263, 264, 265, 266

WARFIELD 473

WAR LIKE 364

WARLOCK 84

WARMINSTER 175

WARREN, TABOR 306

WARREN NURSERY STAKES 130

WARREN STEAMSHIP CO 440

WARRENTON ,,...,, 381, 414

603

WARRENTON COURSE 38

WARRINGTON 354

WAR SONG 90, 115

WARWICK CUP 84, 122, 123, 369

WASHINGTON COURSE (S. C.)..38, 59, 67

68, 271, 451

WASHINGTON, GEORGE 17, 32, 174, 270

WASHINGTON HANDICAP 363

WASHINGTON JOCKEY CLUB 157

WASHINGTON, LAWRENCE 269

WASHINGTON STABLE 320

WASHINGTON PARK COURSE 479

WASHINGTON PARK JOCKEY CLUB. 56

138, 158, 479

WASHINGTON RACE COURSES 452

WASHINGTON, RACING IN 270

WASHINGTON, WILLIAM.. 23, 269, 270, 451

WASTEFUL 303

WATERFORD 175

WATERS, R. E 443

WATSON 465

WATSON, JAMES 435, 448, 460

WATSON, JOHN 203

WATTSON & CO 314

WAVERLY 30, 105

WAYNE, ANTHONY 455

WAYNE HOTEL STAKES 377

WAYWARD 351

WEATHERBIT 105

WEBB, GEORGE 417

WEBB, W. SEWARD 144

WEEKS, W. E 330

WEHRHAHN, HENRY 350

WEIL, BENJAMIN 366

WEIR, FRANK 321

WELCH, ARISTIDES 30, 89, 126, 128, 174

400, 463

WELCH, H 48

WELCH, STEPHEN 64

WELDON, D. E 460

WELDON, J. W 41, 45

158
84

346
102

WELLS, ROLLA

WELLS, THOMAS A

WELLS, T. J

WELSH, JOHN J

WELTER CUP HANDICAP

WERNBERG 77, 297

WEST, P 414

WEST AUSTRALIAN 102, 127

WESTBROOKE STABLE 371

WESTBROOKE STUD 167, 278,463

WESTCHESTER 39, 131

WESTCHESTER COUNTY, N. Y....459, 475

WESTCHESTER CUP 73, 94, 96, 108, 115

142, 275, 331, 353, 370, 465
WESTCHESTER HIGH WEIGHT

HANDICAP 285

WESTCHESTER POLO CLUB CUP 471

WESTCHESTER RACING ASSOCIA-
TION 57, 149, 150, 157, 478

WEST END HOTEL STAKES 95, 97, 469

WESTERN JOCKEYS 382

WESTERN TURF 183

WESTERN TURF ASSOCIATION 432

WESTERN TURF CONGRESS 448

WESTMINSTER, DUKE OF 113, 172, 197

198, 199, 200

WESTMORE, STEPHEN M 66

WEST SIDE RACING ASSOCIATION.. 158

WEST & McGRANE 372

WETMORE, GEO. PEABODY. ..144, 263, 475

WHALE 39

WHEATLY, CHAS 137, 141, 460, 462, 463

WHEELER HANDICAP 114

WHEELER T 255

WHEELOCK, GEORGE A 422, 423

WPIEELOCK & HARRIS 423

WHEEL OF FORTUNE 173

WHISPER 31, 113

WHITE, ARTI-IUR.... 314, 398

WHITE, 7OKN 364,418

THE AMERICAN TURF

WHITE, JOHN H 460

WHITE EAGLE 87

WHITE JACKET 243

WHITE LABEL 237

WHITE PLAINS HANDICAP 364

WHITNEY, WILLIAM C 144, 355, 441

WHITTAKER & BERWICK 364

WHITTEN BROTHERS 3S3

WICKHAM, JOHN 81

WIENER, M. R 441

WIGSTON PLATE 130

WILDAIR 20, 31, 163

WILDIDLE 4S, 103, 170, 312

WILD THORN 410

WILKES' SPIRIT 42

WILKES' WONDER 31

WILLHITE, WALTER 401

WILLIAMS, EDWARD E 447

WILLIAMS, HOWARD 353

WILLIAMS, JAMES T 92,361

WILLIAMS, ROBERT (TINY) 394

WILLIAMS, SEYMORE 442

WILLIAMS, THOMAS H., JR 157, 479

WILLIE BURKE 106

WILLIE D 78

WILSON, JOHN 451

WILSON, J. W 157

WILSON, R 343

WIMMER, PETER 386

WINCHESTER BIENNIAL STAKES... 102

WINDEMERE PLATE 130

WINNERS, ENGLISH 80

WINNING MOUNTS.... 374, 383, 385, 387, 389

393, 397, 404, 405

WINNING SIRES, NOTED 246

WINNINGS, AMERICAN HORSES IN

ENGLAND 122, 123

WINNINGS FROM RACING 169, 170, 171

181, 220, 223, 231, 237, 249, 300, 311, 312, 313

324, 336
WINNINGS OF A BOOKMAKER... 423, 424

430
WINNINGS OF JOCKEYS 369

WINNINGS OF THOROUGHBREDS... 100

101, 108, 109, 111, 112, 115, 116, 117
WINNINGS, VALUABLE... 80, 81, 83, 84, S6
91, 93, 94, 95, 97, 98, 100, 101, 108, 109, 111
112, 115, 116, 117, 133, 148, 272, 275

WINONA 398, 406

WINTER RACING 42, 55

WINTERS, HENRY 360

WINTERS, THEODORE 30, 175, 313, 356

408, 448

WINTHROP, E. L., JR 265

WINTHROP, JOHN 15

WINTONIAN 195

WILLIS, BIRD 27

WISHARD 129

WISHARD, ENOCH 280

WITHERS, DAVID D 50, 90, 112, 114, 133

134, 137, 138, 161, 170, 171, 172, 179, 213, 214
235, 237, 274, 334, 335, 337, 408, 414, 435, 433
445, 448, 461, 468, 469, 472

WITHERS, REUBEN 133, 235

WITHERS COURSE 476

WITHERS STAKES 100, 106, 108, 110, 113

115, 176, 181, 221, 246, 381, 446, 478

WIZARD 123

WOLF, B 422

WOLF HILL STABLE 341

WONDER 32

WOOD, WILLIAM 269

WOODBINE 225, 256, 465

WOOD BIRD 429

WOODBURN 122, 123, 175

WOODBURN STAKES 128

WOODBURN STUD 52, 82, 90, 93, 94, 95

96, 98, 104, 167, 168, 282

WOODCOTE STAKES 89

WOOD DITTON STAKES 131

WOODEN, BOB 60

WOODLANDS 245

WOODLAWN COURSE 44, 69

WOODLAWN HANDICAP 478

WOODPECKER 80, 86

WOOD PIGEON 338

WOODS, FRANK M 422'

WOODBINE 227

WOOD VIOLET 181,192,193,196

WORLD'S FAIR DERBY 25G

WORTH 429

WRAGRAM 41

WRIGHT, GEOliGE 100

WYANDOTTE 172

WYCHE, WILLIAM 39, 60, 303, 360

WYNN, WILLIAM 60, 62, 269

YALE 131

YARDLEY STUD 114

YEARLING SALES 52

YEARLINGS, PRICES OF 32, 92, 93, 105

110, 112, 114, 138, 172, 177, 273

YORICK 272

YORKSHIRE 30, 90, 169

YORKSHIRE WAGNER 37

YORKVILLE BELLE 51, HI, 170

YO TAMBIEN 256

YOUNG, MILTON.... 30, 157, 162, 242, 243, 244

245, 246, 247

YOUNG, N. B 39,458

YOUNG ARION 51

YOUNG AMERICA STAKES 9S, 100, 102

YOUNG LOTTERY 27

ZANONE 253

ZANONI 39

ZELA 273

ZEPHRUS 223

ZEPHYR STAKES Ill

ZERLINA 86

ZETLAND, LORD 140

ZETLAND STAKES 104,123

ZOBAIR 90

ZOEST, COUNT 127

ZORILLA 30

ZUT 99

504

f