NIMAL KKEPERS' FORUM Vol. 35, No. ANIMAL KEEPERS’ FORUM. 3601 S.W. 29th St., Suite 133, Topeka, KS 66614-2054 Phone: (785) 273-9149 FAX (785) 273-1980 October 2008 Vol. 35, No. 10 AKF Managing Editor: Susan D. Chan • Associate Editors: Kayla Grams, Tooele, UT • Mark de Denus, Winnipeg, MB • Enrichment Options Column Coordinator: Rachel Daneault, Disney’s Animal Kingdom • Legislative/Conservation Outlook Column Co-Coordinators: Becky Richendollar, North Carolina Zoo and Greg McKinney, Philadelphia, PA • Reactions Column Coordinator: William K. Baker, Jr., Abilene Zoo, Abilene, TX • ATC Column Co-Cordinators: Angela Binney, Disney’s Animal Kingdom; Kim Kezer, Zoo New England; Jay Pratte, Zoo Atlanta • Conservation Station Co-Coordinators: Penny Jolly, Greater Orlando AAZK Chapter and Amanda Kamradt, Greater Houston Chapter of AAZK • Proofreader: Barbara Manspeaker, AAZK Administrative Office. Animal Keepers’ Forum is published monthly by the American Association of Zoo Keepers, Inc., 3601 S.W. 29th Street, Suite 133, Topeka, KS 66614-2054. Ten dollars of each membership fee goes toward the annual publication costs of Animal Keepers’ Forum . Postage paid at Topeka, KS. AAZK Executive Director: Ed Hansen, AAZK, Inc., Topeka KS also serves as AAZK Liaison to the American Zoo & Aquarium Association (AZA) AAZK Administrative Secretary: Barbara Manspeaker, AAZK, Inc., Topeka, KS BOARD OF DIRECTORS Shane Good, Cleveland Metroparks Zoo, Cleveland, OH 44109 Denise Wagner, The Phoenix Zoo, Phoenix, AZ 85008 Jacque Blessington, Kansas City Zoo, Kansas City, MO 64132-4200 Tammy Root, Indianapolis Zoo, Indianapolis, IN 46222 Bob Cisneros, San Diego Zoo, San Diego, CA 92112-0551 President Vice President COMMITTEES/COORDINATORS By-laws Chair - Gisela A. Wiggins, North Carolina Zoo Grants Committee Chair - Shelly Roach, Columbus Zoo Enrichment Committee Co-Chairs r Dawn Neptune, Utah’s Hogle Zoo and Amy Burgess, Disney’s Animal Kingdom Annual Conferences Coordinator - Ed Hansen, AAZK, Inc. ICZ Coordinators Shane Good, Cleveland Metroparks Zoo and Norah Famham, Woodland Park Zoo Bowling for Rhinos Coordinator - Patty Pearthree, Cary, NC Ethics Chair - Denise Wagner, The Phoenix Zoo Awards Chair - Janet McCoy, The Oregon Zoo Marketing Resources Vacant Animal Training Committee Chair - Deana Waltz, Tracy Aviary Professional Development Chair - Tammy Schmidt, Peoria Zoo Conservation Committee Co-Chairs Amanda Kamradt, Houston Zoo and Penny Jolly, Disney’s Animal Kingdom MEMBERSHIP SERVICES APT. EDT and ATP Forms AAZK Administrative Offices/Topeka AAZK Website - Liaison to Webmaster Denise Wagner, The Phoenix Zoo AAZK Historian Mark Levin, Plymouth Meeting, PA AAZK Publications/Logo Products AAZK Administrative Offices/Topeka ^ printed on Recycled Paper Table of Contents About the Cover/Information for Contributors 394 ‘08 ICZ/AAZK Conference: One World, One Zoo (2nd Call for Papers) 395 Coming Events 396 AAZK Announces New Members 397 2008 AAZK/AKF Award Recipients 398 - 400 ‘08 Bowling for Rhinos Trip Winners/Top Fundraisers.. 402 ATC Column: Announcement - A Change in Leadership 404 New AAZK Products Available 405 Enrichment Options: Got Crates? Indian Boundary Enrichment Project 406 - 407 Reactions: Net vs. Dart Gun 408 - 410 Using UTube® and MySpace® to Promote Animal Efforts and Beat Bono 411 - 413 Whooping Crane Partnership at the Milwaukee County Zoo 414 - 419 AAZK Logo Fleece Shirts Available 420 Ivory Poaching at Critical Levels: Elephants on Path to Extinction by 2020? 421 - 422 Book Reviews {How to Keep Jellyfish in Aquariums: An Introductory Guide for Maintaining Healthy Jelliues; Dictionary of Herpetology; Alone Within the Pack and The Lizard King: The True Crimes & Passions of the World’s Greatest Reptile Smugglers.... 423 - 425 Crisis Management in Zoos: Special AKF Issue 426- 427 Conservation/Legislative Update 428 - 432 34th Anniversary - 1974 - 2008 MISSION STA TEMENT American Association of Zoo Keepers, Inc. To provide a resource and a forum of continuing education for the animal care professional and to support zoo and aquarium personnel in their roles as animal care givers, scientific researchers, public educators and conservationists. To promote zoos and aquariums as cultural establishments dedicated to the enrichment of human and natural resources; to foster the exchange of research materials, enrichment options and husbandry information through publications and conferences which will lead to a greater understanding of the needs and requirements of all animals. This month s cover features a drawing of two River Frogs (Rana heckscheri) drawn by Timothy Jones, a Zoo Keeper from the Parks at Chehaw in Albany, GA. This species is large and rough-skinned, dark olive to almost black with light spots along the edge of the jaws. The belly is dark from gray to almost black with irregular light spots and lines. They have large external eardrums and their hind feet are webbed to the last joint of the largest toe. The male displays a swollen thumb and darker throat than the female. Their call resembles a sharp grunt or low-pitched snore. They breed from April to August with the five- inch tadpoles transforming in about a year. This species is found in swamps bordering slow-moving rivers and creeks with their range stretchingfrom southeastern South Carolina to Central Florida. Newly morphed River Frogs produce a skin secretion which causes severe illness in water snakes and indigo snakes that prey on them. Even after regurgitating, the snakes will continue to wipe their mouths on the ground. This nocturnal frog species has a diet that includes insects and small reptiles and amphibians. River Frogs are easy to approach and will often go limp and play dead. They can also secrete a noxious substance on their attackers as a defense mechanism. Tim reports that a number of River Frogs have been found in the wilds on the Park grounds. In addition to River Frogs, the Parks at Chehaw also exhibits the Madagascan Spiny Hopping Toad (Aglyptodactylus laticeps) and the Blue (Dendrobates tinctorius) and Black (Dendrobates auratus) Dart Poison Frogs of South America. His artwork shows two River Frogs being misted by a keeper in their exhibit at the Park. This artwork celebrates both the importance of quality captive animal care by dedicated zoo keepers and AZA ’s 2008 Year of the Frog. Thanks, Timothy! Articles sent to Animal Keepers ’Forum will be reviewed by the editorial staff for publication. Articles of a research or technical nature will be submitted to one or more of the zoo professionals who serve as referees for AKF. No commitment is made to the author, but an effort will be made to publish articles as soon as possible. Lengthy articles may be separated into monthly installments at the discretion of the editor. The editor reserves the right to edit material without consultation unless approval is requested in writing by the author. Materials submitted will not be returned unless accompanied by a stamped, self-addressed, appropriately-sized envelope. Telephone, fax or email contributions of late-breaking news or last-minute insertions are accepted as space allows. Phone 785-273-9149; FAX (785) 273-1980; email is akfeditor(^zk.kscoxmail.com< If you have questions about submission guidelines, please contact the Editor. Deadline for each regular issue is the 10th of the preceding month. Dedicated issues may have separate deadline dates and will be noted by the editor. Articles printed do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the AKF staff or the American Association of Zoo Keepers, Inc. Publication does not indicate endorsement by the Association. Items in this publication may be reprinted providing credit to this publication is given and a copy of the reprinted material is forwarded to the editor. If an article is shown to be separately copyrighted by the author(s), then permission must be sought from the author(s). Reprints of material appearing in this journal may be ordered from the editor. Regular back issues are available for $4.00 each. Special issues may cost more. E-Mail Addresses: You may reach Barbara Manspeaker at AAZK Administrative Offices at: aazkoffice(^zk.kscoxmail.com< You may reach Susan Chan and Animal Keepers 'Forum at: akfeditor@zk,kscoxmail.com< Mailing Address: AAZK, Inc., 3601 SW 29th St., Suite 133, Topeka, KS 66614-2054 AAZK website Address: www.aazk.org BFR Website: http://aazkbfr.org 394 Animal Keepers’ Forum, Vol. 35, No. 10 ‘‘One World, Second Call for Papers A joint conference: The 3rd Internationa! Congress on Zookeeping and the 36th National Conference of the American Association of Zoo Keepers will be held in Seattle, WA, USA, in 2009. This will be hosted by The Puget One Zoo” CONFERENCE 2009 SEATTLE USA ICZ AAZK Sound Chapter of AAZK and Woodland Park Zoo. You are invited to submit abstracts of papers, posters & workshops on any aspect of zoo work. More information and guidelines can be found at the ICZ website www.iczoo.org Abstracts for oral and poster presentations should be written in English, no more than 600 words long, and in RTF or MS Word® format. The abstract should contain title, authors and affiliations with the presenting author in bold letters. Body text to be Arial, font size 12pt and titles size 14pt. If* you want to run a workshop focused on developing zoo keeper skills, please send a short description. Please mark ‘ICZ Abstract’ and send to: Paul Howse, ICZ Steering Committee at p.howse@chesterzoo.org Estimated attendance is 350 - 400 zoo workers from over 30 countries. Deadline for abstracts is 1st April 2009 Conference dates are September 24th - 29th, 2009 International Congress of Zookeepers - www.iczoo.org American Association of Zoo Keepers - www.aazk.org The Puget Sound Chapter of AAZK - www.pugetsoundaazk.org Woodland Park Zoo - www.zoo.org Point Defiance Zoo & Aquarium - www.pdza.org Chester Zoo - www.chesterzoo.org Seattle information - www.cityQfseattle.net/htmMs.itQr AMERICAN ASSOCIATION of ZOO KEEPERS V^T M:jDl.ANL n'AKkZu:K ) INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OE ZOOKEEPERS & AQUARIUM POINT DEFIANCE ZOO Animal Keepers’ Forum, Vol. 35, No. JO 395 . Post Your Coming Events Here emaU to: akfeditor@zk.kscoxmail.com The 2nd SSP Orangutan Husbandry Workshop - October 12 -14, 2008 at the Saint Louis Zoo, St. Louis, MO. This workshop will focus on the care and management of the orangutan in zoological parks and sanctuaries. The workshop will bring together orangutan caregivers and managers, researchers, and field biologists to share and disseminate the most current information on husbandry, conservation, and emergent issues pertaining to captive and wild populations of orangutans. Please contact Terri Hunnicutt at pongopan@.yahoo.com or hunnicutt@stlzoo.org for further information 2008 Zoological Registrars Association Annual Conference - October 22-25, 2008. Hosted by The Saint Louis Zoo. The Sheraton Westport Chalet has been selected as the conference hotel and they have offered us the government rate of $ 1 06 per night. The hotel provides free airport shuttle and parking. If you have any questions, please do not hesitate to contact Rae Lynn Haliday at haliday@.stizQQ.Qrg or at (314) 781-0900 x 372. First European Elephant Management School - NovemberlO -18, 2008 at Tierpark Hagenbeck Hamburg, Germany. For further info please go to http:/ /www.elephant-management.com< For additional information and registration, please contact; hering@haganbeck.de Elephant Conservation & Research Symposium - November 11-13, 2008 at the Nong-Nooch Tropical Garden & Resort in Pattaya. For further information contact Dr. Harald M. Schwammer at h.schwammer@zoovienna.at or see their website at http:www.ekephantcQnservatiQn.Qrg/ 2008sympo.sium.php The 5th Crissy Zoological Nutrition Symposium - December 12-13, 2008 at the North Carolina State University School of Veterinary Medicine. This year’s focus will be “Obesity in Zoological Species”. For registration and a skeleton schedule please view www.cvm.ncsu.ed/conted/zoQnutritiQn/ International Symposium on Bat Migration - January 16-18, 2009 in Berlin, Germany. For further info: batmigration09@izw-berlin.de or check the web page at http://www.izwberlin.de Sth International Workshop on Ultrasound & Assisted Reproduction in Elephants, Rhinoceros and Giraffe - January 22-25, 2009 in Cambridge, Ont., Canada. Program will include lectures and practical sessions. Hosted by African Lion Safari. Registrations due by Dec. 15,2008. For information contact charlie Gray, African Lion Safari, RR# 1, Cambridge,Ont. N1R5S2, Canada or email cgray@liQnsafari.c.om< Zoos and Aquariums Committing to Conservation - January 23-26, 2009. Hosted by the Houston Zoo, Houston, TX. ZACC is a bi-annual event that promotes the role of zoos and aquariums in supporting^ conservation activities worldwide, both at their institutions and in the field. Bringing together individuals from different countries and disciplines, ZACC conferences help to build a stronger and more effective global network for wildlife and habitat conservation, and to establish direct links to zoos, aquariums, and their constituencies. For info contact: http://www.houstonzoo.org/zacc< o r conservation@.houstonzoo.org< International Association of Avian Trainers and Educators 17th Annual Conference - February 24-28, 2009 hosted by the Cincinnati Zoo & Botanical Gardens. “09 in Nati” will feature papers, posters, site visits, roundtables, vendors and workshops. Topics include avian behavior, training, husbandry, conservation, strides in veterinary care, as well as show presentation, production and educational content. For further info please visit www.iaate.org or contact Eddie Annal at ed.annal@.cincinnatizoo.org< Prosimian Husbandry Workshop - April 30- May 2, 2009. Hosted by the Cleveland Metroparks Zoo. The workshop will emphasize group discussion of captive prosimian husbandry and management issues. Look for registration, lodging, and workshop information at the workshop web-page, www.clemetzoo.com/ prosimianworkshop starting August 2008. 2009 Rhino Keeper Workshop - May 17-21, 2009 at Busch Gardens, Tampa, FL. Please watch website www.rhinQkeepersassQciatiQii.Qrg for updates regarding the workshop. Any inquiries may be directed to: intematiQnalrhinQkeepersassQciatiQn@gmaii.cQm Call for Papers: Persons interested in presenting a paper for the 2009 Rhino Keeper Workshop may submit their abstract electronically in MS Word to wendy.shaffstall@cincinnatizQQ.Qrg Abstracts should be no more than 500 words. After abstracts are reviewed by the workshop presentation committee, presenters will be contacted. Deadline for submission is December 1^2008. The 9th International Conference on Environmental Enrichment - May 3 1 - June 5, 2009 in Torquay, Devon, UK. First Call for papers and Registration. Go to www.reec.info for details. Joint 36th National AAZK and 3rd International Congress on Zookeeping Conference - September 24- 29, 2009 in Seatle, WA. Hosted by the Woodland Park zoo and the Puget Sound Chapter of AAZK. Check out www.pugetsoundaazk.org/ for conference information. Neotropical Primate Husbandry, Research, and Conservation Conference - October 13-15, 2009 in Chicago, IL. Hosted by the Brookfield Zoo. This conference will focus on a variety of topics pertaining to neotropical primates and will bring together staff from zoological parks, sanctuaries, and universities, as well as field researchers and range country biologists to share the most current information on husbandry, conservation, and emergent issues pertaining to captive andwild populations of neotropical primates. The workshop will include three days of presentations, a poster session, as an icebreaker, silent auction, and banquet. Additional information will be made available in late 2008. Please contact vince.sodaro@czs.org for additional information. 396 Animal Keepers’ Forum, Vol 35, No. 10 AAZK Announces New Members New Professional Members Laura Pelrine, Zoo New England (MA); Martyna Zmijewska, Beardsley Zoo (CT); Katrina Quigley, Cape May County Park Zoo (NJ); Mary Ellen Estrander, Seneca Park Zoo (NY); Steve Schweiger, Maryland Zoo (MD); Erin Teravskis, Nashville Zoo (TN); Lisa Hunt, Jackson Zoological Park (MS); Kimberly Schmaeman, Children’s Zoo at Celebration Square (MI); Danielle Gallagher, Zoo Montana (MX); April Holder, Hutchinson Zoo (KS); Karen Cochran, David Cochran and Lindsay North, Omaha’s Henry Doorly Zoo (NE); Laurel Berry Hauf and Patricia Steel, Riverside Zoo (NE); Stephanie Adams, Oklahoma City Zoo (OK); Chris A. St. Romain, Rainforest at Moody Gardens (TX); Courtney Bacon, San Antonio Zoo (TX); Aleksei Saunders, Denver Zoo (CO); Melissa Madrid and Lindsey Brack, Tracy Aviary (UT); Terri Haines, Aquarium of the Pacific (CA); Sandra Viviano, Coyote Point Museum (CA); Lorna Higashi-Tsue, Roger E, Simons, Terry T. Moniz, Stephen Luke, Robert C. Vares, George Saito, Stephen Craig, and Edward E. Martinez, Sr., Pana’ewa Rainforest Zoo & Gardens (HI); Helen Boostrom and Lacey Braun, Wildlife Safari (OR); Skylar Breton, A Wolf Adventure (Canada); Marguerite Sans, Mountain View Conservation & Breeding Society (BC, Canada). Beginning with the March 2008 issue of AKF, we no longer print the names of those Professional Members who do not list their facility on their membership application/renewal. New Institutional Members The Wildcat Sanctuary, Sandstone, MN Tammy Quist, Founder PANDA PARTY Tai Shan, a giant panda {Ailuropoda melanoleucd) at the Smithsonian’s National Zoo, celebrated his third birthday on July 9, 2008, with a special fruitcicle made of water and gelatin in the shape of a tree. He also received two additional tiered fruitcicles made of water, bamboo leaves and various fruits and vegetables. Tai Shan is the first surviving panda cub bom at the National Zoo in its 119-year history. He lives at the National Zoo’s Fujifilm Giant Panda Habitat with his parents, Mei Xiang and Tian Tian. Photo Credit: Meghan Murphy/Smithsonian s National Zoological Park New Commercial Members EBSCO Publishing Ipswich Editorial Department, Ipswich, NY Renewing Institutional Members Prospect Park Wildlife Center, Brooklyn, NY Steven Sanderson, PhD, President & CEO Smithsonian National Zoological Park Washington,DC John Berry, Director Gorilla Haven, Morganton, GA Steuart Dewar, Chairman CEO Happy Hollow Zoo, San Jose, CA Greg Owens, Director Louisville Zoo, Louisville, KY Steve Wing, General Curator Renewing Commercial Members Boomer Ball® - Grayslake, IL David Schultz, President THE GOURMET RODENT, INC.“ RATS AND MICE Bill & Marcia Brant 12921 SW 1st Rd., Ste 107, PBM #434 Jonesville, FL 32669 (352) 472-9189 Fax: (352) 472-9192 e-mail: GrmtRodent@aol.com Animal Keepers’ Forum, Vol. 35, No. 10 397 2008 Toward R' Gcipients The following are recipients of awards presented at the 2008 AAZK National conference held in Salt Lake City, UT and hostd by the Utah’s Hogle Zoo and the Utah Chapter of AAZK. the Certificates of Recognitionand the Certificates of Appreciation are given by the AAZK Board of Directors. The AKF Excellence in Journalism Awards are selected by the journal’s editorial staff. All other listed awards are determined by the AAZK Awards Committee from nominations received from the membership. Lutz RuiiG N/tcrifopious /XchievenriGnt AAZKP pofGssional of tfiG Vgqp Award Jacque Blessington, Kansas City Zoo. This award is based on her outstanding commitment to professionalism in her distinguished career as a zoo keeper. Specifically noted has been her work as the Tree Kangaroo Species Survival Plan® Coordinator, as an Instructor and Co-Course Administrator for the AAZK/AZ A Advances in Animal Keeping in Zoos and Aquariums Class, for facilitating the Australasian Rap Sessions at National AAZK Conferences and serving on the Kansas City Zoo’s Green Team, Conservation Committee and the Capture and Restraint Team. Also noted is her service to AAZK on Chapter and National levels. Her dedication to the animals and her institution along with promoting professionalism is outstanding. Such action earns the praise and respect of all members of the zoological profession. Lgg Houts E XCGliGnCG in EnricfimGnt Award Bree Booth, Oregon Zoo, for developing a process that ensures every animal in the Wild Life Live show receives daily enrichment with items that are appropriately novel, complex and encourage species-appropriate behaviors. Enrichment items are divided into one of five categories: food, nonfood, sensory, environment and social which are documented, photographed and indexed to minimize mistakes. Also noted is her development of an enrichment calendar to ensure that all animals receive enrichment from each of the five categories throughout the week. Volunteer Enrichment Team, Oregon Zoo, for volunteering over 4,23 1 hours last year coordinating with zoo keepers to create and implement hundreds of enrichment items for animals in all areas of the zoo. The Team has used innovative techniques to develop, implement, obtain and deliver a wide range of enrichment activities throughout the Oregon Zoo. These can range from delivering ice from the local ice skating rink to creating items from car wash material, paper mache, and fabrics to an enrichment garden, collecting natural items and building structures for the animals. The Team is also active in the evaluation of enrichment items and fundraising. CortificatG of I^GCognifion Kristen Wolfe, Disney’s Animal Kingdom for her work as the Marketing Committee Chair Angela Cecil Binney, Disney’s Animal Kingdom for serving as Co-Chair of the Animal Training Committee Kim Kezer, Zoo New England for serving as Co-Chair of the Animal Training Committee Dawn Neptune, Utah’s Hogle Zoo for serving as Co-Cnair of the Enrichment Committee 398 Animal Keepers’ Forum, Vol. 35, No. 10 CGptificate of Recognition Bethany Bingham, Utah’s Hogle Zoo 2008 National AAZK Conference Co-Chair Joanne Randinitis, Utah’s Hogle Zoo 2008 National AAZK Conference Co-Chair Certificate of /Xppreciation Utah’s Hogle Zoo - AAZK 2008 National Conference Host Institution Alex Mohr, for giving AAZK access to the Wonderferret Zoo Careers website Robert Buchanan, Polar Bears International, for his support and donations to AAZK AZA, for including AAZK in the AZA Needs Assessment Survey and presenting the results Anne Marie Plante, Biodome de Montreal, for the French translation of the AAZK Enrichment Notebook Richard Hahn, Director, Catoctin Wildlife Preserve & Zoo for putting together the Venomous Animal Workshop The following individuals who served as instructors at the Venomous Animal Workshop Dr. Daniel Keyler, Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation, Univ. of MN Jessi Krebs, Henry Doorly Zoo Don Middaugh, Catoctin Wildlife Preserve and Zoo Dr. Samuel Seashole, Chief Vet at Alligator Adventure, Attending Vet at Cypress Gardens Kristen Wiley, Kentucky Reptile Zoo Dr. James Murphy, Smithsonian Institute Flavio Morrissiey, Reptile Behavior Inc. AI Cortiz, Private Herpetologist June Bellizzi, Catoctin Wildlife Preserve and Zoo Jim Harrison, Kentucky Reptile Zoo David Croghan, Frederick Community College Chapter o ftheY ear Phoenix Chapter of AAZK Phoenix Zoo, Phoenix, AZ Distinquisfied ^Service RIaque Utah Chapter of AAZK AAZK 2008 National Conference Host Chapter Animal Keepers’ Forum, Vol. 35, No. 10 399 2008 ExcGlIencG in Journalism A ward r^GcipionK “Baked Soil/Clay Block Enrichment for Captive Naked Mole-rats (Heterocephalus glaber) ’’ (October 2007 AKF) Melba Brown, Animal Keeper and Markeita Matthews, Student Research Intern Smithsonian's National Zoological Park, Washington, DC “Crisis Management Planning in Zoological Institutions ” (Nov/ Dec 2007 AKF) Geoff Underwood, Manager Cleland Wildlife Park, Adelaide, South Australia “ Developing a Weapons Team for Dangerous Animal Emergencies: Organization and Training” (Nov/Dec 2007 AKF) Ken Kaemmerer, Curator of Mammals Norm Piwonka, Dept, of Technical Analysis Dallas Zoo, Dallas, TX “Dive Safety in Zoos and Aquariums ” (Nov/Dec 2007 AKF) Gil Falcone, Sr. Dive Safety Officer Monterey Bay Aquarium, Monterey, CA “Using an Enrichment Program to Control Feather Destructive Behaviors in a Female Mauritius Pink Pigeon (Columba mayeri) ” (March 2008 AKF) Heather Nelder, Keeper/ Aviary Milwaukee County Zoo, Milwaukee, WI “Stimulating Natural Hunting Behavior in 0.3 Captive African Wild Dogs (Lyacaon pictus) Using a Lure Course in a Protected Contact Setting ” (May 2008 AKF) Michael Murray, Keeper Binder Park Zoo, Battle Creek, MI “Training a Yellow-Backed Duiker for Radiographs ” (June 2008 AKF) Nicole Bouwens, Molly NardI and Lisa Smith Keepers, Large Mammal Dept. Zoo Atlanta, Atlanta, GA “Outstanding Cover Art -- Ocelots ” (September 2007 AKF) Kate Woodle, Exhibits Artists Rosamond Gifford Zoo at Burnet Park, Syracuse, NY 400 Animal Keepers’ Forum, Vol 35, No. 10 ■ . A Pound Of Power For years, Bird Bene-Bac “ Powder has been trusted among avian care-takers. Now, as part of the Zoologic® family of nutritional components. Zoologic Bene-Bac powder is an excellent source of live naturally-occurring microorganisms for domestic, exotic and wildlife mammals as well. It is effective in the management programs of animals subject to changing environments or conditions. Pound for pound, there s nothing better. Call 1-800-323-0877 to learn about the complete line of Zoologic products. rtUftrltionsal csomciorti mS onaf conditions or after maintenance fe »tal live (viable) tactic Acid Producing Bacteria- i n •®“Swiy Foni*9 Uote P®’’ W®'"- (taetobaolus P^ntarom, t^JpbatfiiS 9^*^ Bowling for Rhinos 2008 Trip Winners/Top Fundraisers BFR Coordinator Patty Pearthree has announced the trip winners and top fundraisers of the 2008 Bowling for Rfiinos events. Participation in this fundraiser that helps supports the Lewa Wildlife Conservancy in Kenya and three national parks in Indonesia continues to be outstanding and AAZK thanks everyone involved for their commitment and hard work. 2008 Trip Winners 1 -Jennifer Davis - Oklahoma City Zoo - $35,387.84 (record amount) wins two-week trip to Lewa 2-Christine James - Dallas Zoo - $14,553.89 wins two-week trip to Lewa 3-Jennifer Thomas - Detroit Zoo - $12,150.49 Wins two-week trip to Indonesia TIE:4 - Rue Hewett - Miami Metrozoo - $11,000 Wins two-week trip to Indonesia TIE:4 - Kim Sevier - Tulsa Zoo - $11,000 Wins two-week trip to Indonesia {International Rhino Foundation has graciously donated a third trip so both 4th place tie finishers can visit Indonesia.) Honorary Trip Winner is Michael Illig of the Portland Chapter/Oregon Zoo for organizing the event for 18 years successfully - raised the top total Chapter amount - just shy of $200,000 now! Top Three Chapters 1 - Oklahoma City (OKC): $35,387.84 (record amount) 2 - San Diego: $15,004 3 -Dallas: $14,600.20 Chapter Award: New Orleans- $7,202.01 for raising an amazing amount while still recovering from a natural disaster - a great comeback! Top Ten Fundraisers 1 - Jennifer Davis - OKC - $35,387.84 (record amount) wins trip to Lewa 2 - Christine James - Dallas-$ 14,553.89 wins trip to Lewa 3 - Jennifer Thomas - Detroit-$ 12, 150.49 wins trip to Indonesia 4 - Rue Hewett-Miami - $11,000 wins trip to Indonesia 4 - Kim Sevier - Tulsa - $1 1,000 wins trip to Indonesia 6 - Susan Grohne - Philadelphia - $9,694.15 7 - Pam Finely - New Orleans - $7,202.01 8 - Mike Murray - Battle Creek/Binder Park - $4,067.52 9 - Linda Stark - Indianapolis - $2,51 1 10 - Patty Pearthree - North Carolina - $2,382 402 Animal Keepers’ Forum, Vol. 35, No. 10 www.mazuri.com BllifS A\§ QllWiRSE A\§ THii AMDMiAi RD Working in partnership with zoos and aquariums, MAZURf PhD nutritionists develop industry leading products specifically for each species. From aardvarks to zebras, we work hard to give your animals the most of what they need. For more information on MAZIIRI* prQducts~“including nutritional analyses and research findings-visit www.mazuri.com or call 1-800-227-8941 for the location of your nearest dealer. Because when it comes to great nutrition, we're committed to the health and longevity of every animal. Animal Keepers’ Forum, Vol 35, No. 10 403 Animal Training Committee AAZK, Inc. Announcement: A Change of Leadership The AAZK Animal Training Committee (ATC) is proud to announce an upcoming change of leadership with the inauguration of a new committee chairperson. Deana Walz, Animal Programs Manager at Tracy Aviary and ATC member, has accepted the position of ATC chairperson starting October 1 , 2008. She will replace the current co-chairs, Angela Binney, of Disney’s Animal Kingdom, and Kim Kezer, of Zoo New England, who have chaired the committee since 2004. The ATC, originally named the Animal Behavior Management Committee (ABMC), was founded in 2000 by Beth Stark, Behavioral Husbandry and Research Curator at the Toledo Zoo. She developed the committee of experienced animal keepers from across the country to meet behavioral husbandry resource needs of AAZK, Inc. members. Beth chaired the committee from its commencement until 2004, when Angela and Kim assumed the leadership role and Beth became an ‘Advisor’ to the committee. By this time the committee was organized and producing valuable resources including: The Training Bibliography (2001), Training Terminology List (2001), committee web-pages (2003), articles published in the Animal Keepers ’ Forum {AKF), a survey of trained behaviors for all taxonomic groups (2002), and annual workshops were provided at the AAZK Conferences. In the past four years (2004-2008), the committee has continued to evolve to include the following: • Committee name change (ABMC to ATC, 2004), • Development of a mission statement (2004) • Outline of roles and responsibilities for chairpersons (2004) • Creation of a ATC logo (2005) • Recruiting consultants to help with the development of the new AZA Course, Animal Training Applications in Zoo and Aquarium Settings (2006) • Creation of the Training Tales Column in AKF (2007) • Development of Taxon Specific Behavior lists (2007) • Organizing and leading a variety of conference workshops (annual) • Updating the bibliography (semi-annually) • Updating the web pages • Recruiting new members Angela and Kim will remain active ATC members in the next year and will continue their duties as editors for the ATC column in the AKF. As this has been a strong and popular column in the Forum we are glad that they will continue in this role and are thankful for their continued service to the committee. We are excited that Deana has volunteered to lead the ATC as we progress forward. Deana joined the committee in 2005 when she was working as the Behavioral Enrichment Co-coordinator at Utah’s Hogle Zoo. Deana has been very active in the field of behavioral husbandry as well as with the AAZK, Inc. for many years. As an ATC member, she has been the task leader for our Taxon Specific Behavior Lists derived from data collected from the 2002 behavior list surveys (posted on www.aazk.org, ATC committee pages), she has helped plan and implement several conference workshops and published a paper in the AKF Jan of 2007 (a reprint of a paper presented at the 2006 ABMA conference: Walz D, Neptune D. [2006]. Setting Them up to Succeed: Training the Trainer. Proceedings of the 7“’ Annual Animal Behavior Management Alliance Conference, March 5-10, 2006, San Diego, California: 84-88). We look forward to the upcoming year and new things to come! 404 Animal Keepers’ Forum, Vol. 35, No. 10 New AAZK Products These new AAZK products are now available for purchase on the AAZK website (www.aazk.org) or by calling the Administrative Office at 785-273-9149. Prices include domestic postage. Check out the website to see color photos of these items. Soft cloth lanyards with break-away catch— black with orange lettering - Price: $6.00 Sturdy black tote bag with striking “Eye Movement” pattern of various species’ eyes. Bags made from recycled materials. Measurements are 16”w X 12”h X 6”(width of bottom) - Price: $6.50 Bright orange training clickers with AAZK rhino logo in black - Actual size 2” x 1” Price: $2.00 Animal Keepers' Forum, Vol. 35, No. 10 405 EO Editor - Rachel Daneault, Disney s Animal Kingdom Got Crates?: Indian Boundary Enrichment Project By Marisa Elizalde, Earm Animal Keeper, Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago IL Overview Faced with the ehallenge of providing an enriehment for our resident goats that was both eost- effeetive and easy to eonstruet, I pursued the idea for ereating a climbing structure made of ordinary milk erates. The end result is both entertaining for the goats to utilize and the keeper to put together. Introduction Tucked away in a neighborhood park in Chicago’s West Ridge, alongside the field house, playground, and tennis courts (see photo at left), lies the Indian Boundary Zoo (IBZ). The IBZ is owned by the Chicago Park District, but has been operated by the Lincoln Park Zoo (LPZ) since it first opened in the 1920s with a blaek bear and a few other animals. Animal keepers from Current residents include Oberhasli, Pygmy, and La Maneha goats {Capra hircus), along with a few ducks and chickens. Over the years, weather has taken a toll on the original climbing structure for the IBZ goats and a replaeement was needed. The Project Something that was both sturdy and easy to replace had to be eonsidered. Then an idea came to me: why not use milk erates as the building bloeks for a new climbing structure? Plastie milk crates are durable, stackable, and easy to clean and obtain (especially if your commissary has them in stoek, which they usually will). LPZ travel out to IBZ on a rotating basis to care for its inhabitants, 406 Animal Keepers' Forum, Vol. 35, No. 10 (Photos provided by the author) (Ideas appearing in this column have not necessarily been tested by the editors for safety considerations. Always think ahead and use good judgement when trying new ideas. You are invited to submit material for the Enrichment Options Column. Look in the January 2004 issue of AKF for guidelines for articles acceptable for this column s format or contact the editor at akfeditor@zk.kscoxmail.com for a copy of the guidelines. Drawings and photos of enrichment are encouraged. Send to: AKF /Enrichment, 3601 SJV 29th St, Suite 133, Topeka, KS 66614-2054, USA. Eds.) The project started when I collected my first milk crates and disinfected them. I would accumulate them over time and bring a number of them with me on the days I was scheduled to go to IBZ. Once at the facility, the crates were arranged and bound together using black cable ties (black cable ties worked best as they blended in well with the color of the crates and were not so tempting for the goats to chew). Once a level was completed, I would cover the top areas with 1/2 inch thick floor mats (although any size thickness will work). The floor mats served to protect the goats’ hooves from getting pinched in the milk crate’s grate-like surface. Expansion of the levels then went upwards and outwards. With each level added, I would secure the new level to the old using the cable ties. If a new milk crate was too brightly- colored, it would be disinfected then spray-painted. While initial construction was done indoors, as the structure grew in size, the task had to be done outdoors due to its accumulated weight. The Result It gives me a great measure of satisfaction to see that the enrichment has worked as well as I hoped. The goats enjoy using the climbing structure and it has been able to endure the wear-and-tear of our animals. While I have occasionally had to replace a cable tie or two, that has been due more to the weather conditions in Chicago than to an animal chewing on them. Animal Keepers’ Forum, Vol. 35, No. 10 407 REACTIONS A Question and Answer Forum for the Zoo Professional on Crisis Management By William K. Baker, Jr., Director Abilene Zoo, Abilene, TX Question How do I decide when it’s appropriate to use a net versus a dart gun? Background Every crisis management situation is inevitably different from the next. This in turn requires a different approach and as a consequence the associated tools must be as varied as the approach itself A crisis has a habit of taking on a life of its own, almost to the point of becoming a living- breathing thing, which becomes fluid in its existence. In any given circumstance the crisis ebbs and flows from boredom to at times desperation. Aside from training, the second highest priority should ideally be to have a wide selection of equipment to respond to a situation as it develops. When considering that we are in the conservation business, it runs counter to what we do to not attempt non-lethal methods first to resolve a crisis rather than a deadly force, which should be the course of last resort. The most common form of non-lethal response for a dangerous animal crisis is chemical restraint. This may take the form of rifles or pistols, CO^ or explosive charge, or even the basic blowpipe and jabstick. The basic tenants of this approach remain unchanged, effectively you are attempting to chemically restrain and immobilize an exotic animal. There are numerous companies that manufacture quality projectile launchers. The most notable examples of this would be Telinject®, Daninject®, and Pneu-dart®. As to which company or projector to use, it depends on your specific collection needs and your annual budget. All three companies produce quality products. Comments Nets are still a daily staple of zoo operations. Not unlike projectors, it all depends on what your needs are in terms of species and collection diversity. Numerous companies produce nets both as custom and prefabricated products. Like any given situation, there are always exceptions to the rule. While chemical immobilization is becoming safer and more of a mainstream practice, there still exist times when it is best to physically capture an animal. Conditions 1 . The available staff members may be unfamiliar with the mechanics of loading a dart or operating a projector. 2. Available staff members may be unfamiliar with the technical aspects of chemical agents, dosage levels, and how to mix separate agents into a “cocktail”. 408 Animal Keepers’ Forum, Vol. 35, No. 10 3. Due to DEA regulations, certain Scheduled Narcotics could be unavailable for use due to restricted key and/or combination access to the drug safe. 4. The physical size of the animal may restrict darting. This would most likely occur when dealing with reptiles, smaller mammals and primates, and smaller birds. 5. The animal has no personal or species history of serious aggression. In other words, the animal has a non-threatening disposition. 6. The specimen may be of advanced age or have pre-existing medical conditions that render darting a questionable option. Equipment 1 . Pole Nets - This would be the most common capture net seen in the zoological industry. Pole nets come in a variety of sizes and meshes, which is dependent on the size, type, and weight of the animal. Options include cord locks, grips, extensions, and pole combinations. 2. Cast Nets - Essentially a circular net that is tossed by hand over an animal. The net works by enveloping and forcing the animal into a prone position on the ground. Needless to say, this takes a great deal of practice to master. 3. Mist Nets - These are ultra-fine mesh nets that are typically strung between two objects. The net is nearly invisible at even short distances. The animal either flies or runs into the net and is entangled. 4. Drop Nets - These are heavy grade mesh nets that are either dropped over a target area or delivered by a ground fired cannon system. They are especially useful for catching large groups of animals over a baited area and historically have been used by numerous wildlife agencies. 5. Net Guns - Essentially these are rifles that have been modified to fire a projectile net over a considerable distance. They are typically offered in two models, air to ground capture and ground capture. Either style requires advance training and practice to become proficient in their use. Use 1. Pole Nets - Almost always an effective option except when either the size of the specimen, aggression, or both prevent usage. When capturing specimens in an exhibit, two staff members are a plus to direct route of travel around the interior of the exhibit to the person with the net. 2. Cast Nets - In my experience these are most effective with small ground dwelling birds or mammals and fish. They are somewhat limited in application. 3. Mist Nets - Best when used for capturing birds or flying mammals. 4. Drop Nets - Highly effective in use for birds, smaller mammals, and other social gatherers. The drawback is the time factor to acclimate the specimens to a baited area. Also, from time to time, propellant charges on cannon nets will malfunction causing serious setbacks in time for resetting and desensitization of animals once spooked by the first firing. Animal Keepers’ Forum, Vol. 35, No. 10 409 5. Net Guns - Highly effective against small to medium-sized mammals and very accurate at close range. These are not only nice for capture at ground level, but at reasonable distance can be used to net an animal in a tree or on a structure. Cautions 1 . Every system is a function of the care and maintenance that it receives. If it is thrown in a closet or left in the weather, don’t be surprised when it fails. 2. Every system requires practice to use effectively. 3. The ability to effectively read animal behavior is a critical part of the situation and its resolution. 4. The more advanced the system, the more it costs. 5. Always works in teams when attempting to live catch an animal. It makes the procedure more effective, and safer for the personnel and the animal. Next Column: There are literally hundreds of items on the market for modifying firearms, how can I tell a gadget from something that can really be helpful? If you would like to submit a question for this column or have comments on previously published materials, please send them to AAZK, Inc., 3601 S.W. 29th St., Suite 133, Topeka, KS 66614 Attn: Reactions/AKF (About the Author: Since 1985 Bill has been active in the fields of science, zoology, and wildlife management. His education and experience include a B.S. in wildlife management and post-graduate studies in zoology. Lab and Museum Assistant, Shoot Team Leader, ERT Member, Large Mammal Keeper, Senior Keeper, and Zoo Curator at various zoological facilities. His area of research is crisis management in zoological institutions, which draws upon practical experience and training as a Rescue Diver, Hunter Safety Instructor, NRA Firearms Instructor, and Red Cross CPR/First Aid Instructor. Away from work he operates Panthera Research, a research and consulting firm, and may be contacted at puma_cat@hotmail.com). Big Cat Internships Available Join us in “Saving Tigers One by One” As seen on Animal Planet® “Growing Up Tiger” Learn about Big Cat Management. Internship involves Animal Care Apprentice and Public Education. We offer experience that counts towards employment. TIGER MISSING LINK FOUNDATION / TIGER CREEK WILDLIFE REFUGE 410 Animal Keepers' Forum, Vol. 35, No. 10 LJsinq VouTuIdg® and NdLjvSpace® to Promote Animal Efforts and Beating Bono By Brian Czarnik, Animal Caretaker/ A AZK member since 2000 Brookfield, Illinois In today’s fast paced changing world of the Internet it seems like things done this morning are already out of date by the time the sun sets. I am sure we all have heard of major web sites YouTube® and MySpace®, as well as many of you probably have profiles on these or on some of the other free sites out there. Whenever it is free to set something up, my first instinct is how I can promote animal conservation? So what better way then to use these sites to do just that? My story begins back in early 2006 when YouTube® was turning one and MySpace® was a little two-year-old baby. I had already set up my personal MySpace® account and did very little with it other than to listen to some unknown bands. After returning from my third AAZK trip to the Lewa Wildlife Conservancy, I had come up with the idea of starting a simple MySpace® page to promote their efforts and to act as a place to post their newsletters, and to display my pictures and videos from my trips to an audience that might not surf the net and find their main home page at www.lewa.org. I had also just met the Executive Director of the Snow Leopard Trust (SLT), Brad Rutherford, when he came to speak at Big Cat Rescue in Tampa, FL and told him of the possibilities of using free sites like MySpace® to promote animal conservation. After quickly setting up a page that night, I got the green light and soon was managing both pages for Lewa and now the Snow Leopard Trust with the computer skills of a 4'*’ grader at best. That holiday season, the Snow Leopard Trust had the best sales to date and I would like to think the publicity they received on MySpace® helped a little with adding over 1,000 people to the new page. I also used to often send out bulletins about shopping at the SNT store to help save a species. The Lewa page was soon becoming a place for people who had participated in safaris there as well as those who were planning on going, or those people simply looking for information on conservation efforts in Africa. I had turned my own page into the Brian’s Art for Animals page it is today. I had no use for a personal site, and was seeing a lot of keepers using their pages (sometimes to the dismay of their workplace) to display pictures of themselves with animals at work (and at times pictures of them draped over some knocked out animal at the hospital). I wanted to do something more than that. To this day, all three pages enjoy more attention every time I log on. And they are not alone, as every animal group today seems to be creating accounts for their causes on MySpace® and the many other free sites on the net these days. Snow Leopard photo by the author displayed on his YouTube® site. Animal Keepers’ Forum, Vol. 35, No. 10 411 As for YouTube®, the story is a little more interesting and slightly different. In August 2006 I had just been put into a full-time senior keeper/promotions job at Big Cat Rescue (BCR) and, along with my caretaking duties, I was filming anything I could for a possible local cable access show (which would later become too much of a time drain on the people involved and was dropped after the first episode.) I was pressing the issue hard that what we needed to do was to post short episodes or podcasts to free video viewing sites like YouTube®. The founder/CEO of BCR felt that perhaps it would be better to look for more upscale sites with better quality and pages that actually charged a small fee to post on, but my gut feeling was that You Tube® was here to stay and would be the best outlet. So I posted the first video of what would become “Big Cat TV” and it was a simple video showing our Director of Operations Scott Lope changing a broken water bowl in one of our tiger enclosures. Scott had been on Animal Planet® a few times and had done many local news spots about the sanctuary so he was a natural in front of the camera. (I soon would learn that many people in this field are not people-people and obviously are animal-people, looking like a deer in the headlights on film or unfortunately coming across as thrilling as watching paint dry.) There it sat along with other animal videos of the time which often were nothing more than someone filming their cat chasing a laser pen, or letting their dog use the slide into their pool. I thankfully had the freedom of the CEO trusting me to keep with our mission statement and post videos that would be in line with what we were about. Not having any supervisors or managers over me having meetings or meetings about meetings as to what I should video and what was to be said, I also didn’t have the constraints of a media focus group wanting me to pander to a target audience and research our demographics. Ah, the freedom! Right away I knew I wanted to not only show off things which would turn out to be hugely popular - such as a tiger playing with their enrichment - but I also wanted to take a chance on topics that might have had African Lion photo by the author displayed on his YouTube® site, a zoo’s PR person having a nervous breakdown, or subjects you wouldn’t really see covered in the AZA’s Connect magazine. After all, we wanted the public’s eyes and ears, and hopefully their support. I felt that by giving them an all-access look at our facility and caretaking, and being able to discuss anything related to this was the only way to do it. We were an accredited sanctuary, but we were liberal-minded in the animal field with a “sometimes viewed as a radical- thinking” CEO, and we had nothing to lose but to go for it. Between Scott and me mostly taking all the camera time, we left little room for others like the CEO to chime in. Again. ..ah, what freedom. We could say the word “cage” instead of habitat or enclosure if we wanted to, or talk about topics such as leopards pacing and the stress of captivity and the challenge it is for us to make a big cat content with living in a controlled environment. We could discuss the large population of tigers in captivity vs. the small wild population, or our opinion on the use of big cats in outreach programs or for entertainment acts. I specifically remember filming the spaying of our female white tiger Zabu (I am never one to be able to watch a surgery, but I made it with only turning slightly pale), and thinking when this hits the net, this should get some people talking. Within days it had thousands of 412 Animal Keepers’ Forum, Vol 35, No. 10 views and people from around the world emailed in various questions as to why we would spay an endangered animal, and did white tigers come from snowy, lands? People now had a way to get questions they had (and might been afraid to ask in public) answered. People from all over could visit us through the Internet. The public’s view on animal welfare as well as the industry is changing every day, and this was our way to not only keep up with it, but to try to break some ground in what we were showing. I uploaded videos of our operant conditioning program, recent tiger rescues, and tried my best at using my offbeat humor to make somewhat boring subjects of fecal studies entertaining to better promote not only our facility, but other animal conservation efforts out there. And all the feline footage was also used to send to various media, including local news stations, for use of “B Roll” whenever they did stories on us or anything cat-related. Of course, not all videos were received with praise and support as we did get hate mail from our video about not purchasing hybrid cats or supporting the exotic pet trade. As “Big Cat TV” grew in popularity, the spam also grew. But all those late nights (after an already long day in the Florida sun) spent answering comments, deleting the spam, and promoting the videos were paying off People may not have always agreed with what we had to say, but they were watching; watching to the tune of over two million views. After one year’s worth of short episodes, and to my surprise, people not only put “Big Cat TV” in the top ten of non-profit subscriptions, but also the second most viewed non-profit channel on YouTube® (only behind a performance art channel, thus making it the number one animal-related channel in the category.) Big Cat TV was also ahead of such popular campaigns with huge financial backing as The One Campaign (now you get where the “beating Bono” part comes in the title.) Our management and Board were happy to see an increase in donations as well as a better annual benefit for the Fur Ball event being helped out by the posting of the highlights from the previous year. As I was watching videos during 2006-2007, I was realizing other animal organizations like the Oregon Zoo, San Francisco Zoo, Memphis Zoo, San Diego Zoo, and the Wildlife Conservation Society had found a home on YouTube® as well. You have to think that visitors are going to post videos of your animals, so why not make your own where you can have control over what is said and use it as an educational/promotional tool. And I have recently seen in 2008 major zoo job postings including descriptions as “having Internet skills on sites such as YouTube®” for RR. department positions. And even after leaving Tampa and BCR this past March to return home to Chicago, “Big Cat TV” still sits at number two, and my own YouTube® channel views equals that of any major zoological facility today. And it can be seen at (cheap plug) http://www.youtube.com/user/briczar22 So go and use the Internet for some good and have fun helping some animals while 'you are at it. After all it’s FREE! (And every keeper can afford that.) Are You Moving? Help Save AAZK Some $$$! Make sure to notify AAZK of your change of address. Not only do you not want to miss a single issue, but it costs AAZK about a $1.00 for every AKF that is returned by the Post Office as undeliverable! This is money that could be better spent on AAZK’s projects and programs. So, PLEASE take the time to notify us when you relocate. Call: 785-273-9149 or you can email change of address information to: aazkoffice@zk.kscoxmail.com< Please put “Address Change” in the subject line. You may also send in a change of address from the AAZK website (www.aazk.org) See the Reminder Bar on the right side of the Homepage. Animal Keepers’ Forum, Vol. 35, No. 10 413 Whooping Crane Partnership at the Milwaukee County Zoo By Heather Neldner Aviary Staff, Celt Jeske Animal Health Center Supervisor and Caty Poggenburg Aviary Staff Milwaukee County Zoological Gardens, Milwaukee, WI. Introduction Whooping cranes (Grus americana) are one of North America’s largest and rarest birds. These beautiful birds have suffered greatly due to human activities and unregulated hunting and egg collecting. Along with habitat changes their population has been reduced from an estimated 1,500 individuals in the mid- 1800’s to only 16 birds in 1941. The International Crane Foundation in Baraboo, Wisconsin has been working hard to save this species from the brink of extinction (ICF website). This paper is going to look at a young whooping crane named “Torch” who was supposed to participate in the Direct Autumn Release program but suffered injuries prior to the release. The Milwaukee County Zoo in partnership with the International Crane Foundation and the University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Veterinary Medicine have helped this bird recover and now he is an exhibit bird at the Milwaukee County Zoo. This paper will look at Torch’s recovery, training for husbandry behaviors, and exhibit design and renovation. The ICF and Torch Tprch’s story begins at the International Crane Foundation, located in Baraboo, WI. ICF was founded in 1973 with the goal of preserving cranes and their habitats for future generations. As part of this mission, ICF has been working hard to save whooping cranes from the brink of extinction. ICF is a member of the Whooping Crane Eastern Partnership (WCEP), a team of non-profit and governmental organizations working together to reintroduce migratory whooping cranes into the wild. Also included in this group are Operation Migration, Inc., the US Fish and Wildlife Service, The National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, and the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. Other partnering organizations are also involved. ICF currently focuses on two release programs with whooping cranes: the Eastern Migratory Whooping Crane Project and Direct Autumn Release (ICF Website). ' Direct Autumn Release (DAR) is a program where young whooping cranes are introduced to and follow older, experienced whooping or sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis) to learn how to migrate. The young whooping cranes learn important survival skills from the older birds including the migration route and valuable stop-over and feeding points along the route (ICF Website). Torch was to be part of the DAR program. Torch after arrival with his wing bandaged. (Photo: MCZ Staff) The Eastern Migratory Whooping Crane Project teaches whooping cranes how to migrate. In this program ultra-light aircraft act as stand-ins for parent birds and lead young whooping cranes on migrations. Whooping crane chicks are raised in wetlands at the Necedah National Wildlife Refuge in Wisconsin. Operation Migration, Inc. takes these birds on their first migrations using ultra-light aircraft. The birds and aircraft arrive at the Chassahowitzka National Wildlife Refuge in Florida where they will be cared for though the winter by ICF staff and USFW biologists. In the spring the birds make the return migration on their own, though they are tracked by ICF and USFW staff on this and subsequent migrations (ICF Website). Torch was hatched on 8 June 2006 and was puppet-reared. Puppet rearing requires aviculturists to 414 Animal Keepers’ Forum, Vol. 35, No. 10 wear a large crane costume so that the chicks do not imprint on humans. A puppet crane head is controlled by the care giver to feed and interact with the chick. Torch spent the summer in the Necedah Wildlife area with other young cranes that were getting ready to be released. He was found with a severely injured wing on 2 October 2006. His wing was drooping so badly that he was stepping on his primary feathers. Radiographs showed that his left wing had a complete fracture of his humerus. ICF staff could not determine how he injured himself Torch was taken to the University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Veterinary Medicine for surgery to repair his wing. He received intrameduallary pinning and a K-E apparatus and the wing was bandaged. He was returned to Necedah where he was placed on anti- inflammatory medication, antifungal medication, and antibiotics. At this point in time Torch was considered possibly unreleaseable and was transferred to the Milwaukee County Zoo on 1 9 October 2006 for long-term care. As part of the Whooping Crane Eastern Partnership, The Milwaukee County Zoo has offered to help care for any cranes that are injured during either the spring or fall migrations and has offered to help place birds that are unreleaseable. Torch is the first whooping crane that the zoo has taken for long term care. Torch’s Recovery When Torch arrived at the Milwaukee County Zoo, he was placed in quarantine at the Animal Health Center. He was housed in a large hoofstock stall with indoor and outdoor access. He was given straw on the floor of his stall and food was offered both inside and outside. Torch preferred to stay outside most of the time, often foraging for insects in the straw. Keepers would wear a crane costume that was loaned to us from ICF to care for Torch, spending time with him to encourage him to eat. Torch would often make contented trilling noises when he was with the costumed keeper. Torch had a bandage change shortly after his arrival at the zoo. Radiographs of his wing were taken at the beginning of November, his health status was noted, and his wing was rebandaged again. Three weeks later, radiographs showed that his wing was healing nicely. At the end of November, the intermaduallary pin was removed from his left humerus. He had a bridging callus starting at the fracture site but the fracture was still visible. The K-E apparatus was left in place and his wing was rebandaged. On 14 December, the K-E apparatus and associated pins were removed from his wing. Five days later, blood work showed that his apsergillus antibody count was high and he was started on itraconazole. By mid-January of 2007, radiographs indicated that the fracture continued to heal well; his pin holes were becoming mineralized, and the fracture line was less visible. Although his fracture was healing, and he was considered capable of limited flight in the future, he was determined incapable to undertake the rigors of migration. A recheck of blood work at this time also showed his aspergillis antibody count was normal and the itraconazole treatment was discontinued. Throughout this process, ICF was kept informed and helped to make decisions on his care and treatments. Torch getting x-rays of his injured wing. (Photo by MCZ staff) Celi Jeske with Torch when he first arrived, they are foraging for bugs together. (Photo by MCZ staff) Animal Keepers’ Forum, Vol 35, No. 10 415 In addition to his broken wing, Torch had a minor dietary problem. Shortly after Christmas, zookeepers noted that his pellet consumption was lower than normal, although his weight appeared stable. Staff reduced the amount of insects in his diet to encourage him to eat his pellets. In February 2007, zoo staff tried to switch Torch’s diet from Ziegler® crane pellets to Mazuri® crane pellets, which is the type of pellet we fed to our Demoiselle crane (Anthropoides virgo). By the time his diet was 50:50 Mazuri/ Ziegler pellets, supplemented with whole and cracked com kernels. Torch began to lose weight. Once it became clear that Torch would not eat the pellets, the zoo kept him on the diet of Ziegler® pellets, which are obtained from ICF. On 22 May, at 1 1 1/2 months of age. Torch was moved to the Wong Family Pheasantry where he would be displayed. His primary feathers were trimmed on his right wing per ICF’s request. There was some concern that he might take flight and injure himself on the netting that encloses the crane yard. At this time his juvenile brown feathers were fading away to the white adult feathers and black was coming in on his wings. Although there is a decreased range of motion in his left wing, he is essentially healthy. Torch’s Housing The Milwaukee County Zoo offered to provide Torch with a permanent home in accordance with ICF and USFW (Torch is on loan from the US Fish and Wildlife Service). The Milwaukee County Zoo previously housed Demoiselle cranes in the Wong Family Pheasantry and it was decided this was where Torch would be displayed. A few modifications were needed to make it suitable for the whooping crane. The pheasantry consisted of a chain link mesh stmcture that enclosed three yards. Each yard was separated from the other yards by chain link mesh. Along the mesh plantings were used as visual barriers. Each yard had a shed that the animals could access for food and shelter. The two smaller yards each contained pheasants: a pair of silver pheasants (Lophura nycthemera) in one and a female satyr tragopan (Tragopan satyra) in the other. The largest yard (the former Demoiselle crane yard) was designed to hold a pair of Demoiselle cranes and Torch’s yard at Milwaukee County Zoo a pair of golden pheasants (Chrysolophus (Photo by CatyPoggenburg) pictus) . The ZOO no longer housed cranes, and the zoo worked with ICF to renovate the crane yard to make it more suitable for Torch. The decision was made to no longer display the satyr tragopan and golden pheasants. The silver pheasants would remain in the smaller end yard. The other two yards were combined to form one large yard. The wire mesh that separated the exhibits was removed and tennis netting was added along the mesh separating the crane yard from the silver pheasant yard. The tennis netting serves as a visual barrier and offers the pheasants protection from Torch in case he decides to jab at them. The newly renovated crane yard has a shed in the yard and access to a two-stalled heated bam where Torch can be locked in at night and/or during exhibit maintenance. The bam is accessed through a series of doors and vestibules (however the crane does not have free access to the bam since the vestibule is not predator-proof). The stalls in the bam are chain link and separated by a sliding chain link shift door. This arrangement allows the zoo to house two different animals, or to keep one animal secure on one side of the bam while a keeper is working on the other side. One side of the bam (where Torch spends the most time when he is inside) is covered with about 2-3” [~5-7.5cm]of pine shavings and the other side is covered with dri-deck to prevent foot issues. 416 Animal Keepers’ Forum, Vol. 35, No. 10 The doors to the original pheasant sheds were removed to allow Torch to access them for food, water, and shelter from the elements. In warm weather the floors of the sheds are usually just bare concrete so we can hose them clean. In the winter we place mulch on the floors of the sheds to keep his feet from getting frostbite. We also have an ICF recommended water heater that is plugged into the shed to keep his water from freezing. The crane yard is covered with mulch and there are several large rocks and a few logs to stand on in the yard. There had been several plantings in the yard, some of which were removed since ICF told us that whooping cranes can be very clumsy and get entangled in plantings. New vegetation was added which helps to break up the yard and add visual interest. Currently the yard contains some small arborvitae, a cedar tree, another small tree, trumpet vine and some large grasses. The vegetation also serves as enrichment for Torch as he loves to play in and destroy the grasses. The pool that was originally in the yard was too deep for the crane to use, so it was removed and a new pool was put in. The new pool is about 5ft. long X 4ft. wide [1.52m x 1.21m]. It has a gradual slope and is about 6” [~15cm] deep. Smooth river rock was incorporated into the concrete bottom to help prevent foot issues. Torch spends most of his time in the pool when the weather is nice, and he has presented us with several pool challenges. The pool drain leaks and requires a plastic cap placed over the drain so that the pool will hold water. If Torch can see this plastic cap, he grabs it and smashes it to bits! We have discovered that if he can’t see it, he leaves it alone. So we have to place very large, very heavy rocks over the plastic cap (we have also learned that Torch can move rocks of a fairly large size). Torch has also figured out how to operate the knife valve for the water fill. He has successfully flooded his exhibit and the service drive behind the exhibit on numerous occasions. Torch had so much fun with this game that we ended up having to remove the fill valve handle. We now only take it out to the yard when we are cleaning and refilling the pool. Torch loves his pool and any “treasure” he finds ends up in it. Keepers are often greeted with various items Torch has dug Torch in his yard in the snow (Photo by CatyPoggenburg) up from his yard. The most memorable has been several pieces of garter snake. Torch’s Training Torch is very smart and eager to learn. However, as with many intelligent animals, he can be very stubborn if he does not want to do something. He definitely tests some keepers and is really good for others. He is food motivated, which helps with training. Torch’s favorite treats include pinkie mice, mighty mealworms, wax worms, grapes, cranberries, smelt, silversides, capelin, blueberries, apple, pear, melon, cracked com, and live crickets. His favorite items seem to be grapes, pinkies, mighty mealworms, wax worms, and crickets. He seems to go in phases - sometimes he really likes an item while at other times he will not touch it. We have to rotate treats frequently. Our first experience with training Torch was for weighing at the Animal Health Center when he first came to the zoo. It was decided to train him for weighing because he was having a hard time adjusting to new pellets being offered and with the frequent handling the veterinarians wanted to be sure he was gaining and keeping weight on. He was scale-trained using a small wooden platform. He had access to this platform in the hoof stock stall and would stand on it randomly. The keepers began putting wax worms on the platform and he was encouraged to stand on it on cue. Torch was then introduced to a small scale, which was the same size as the platform. The scale has a slick metal surface, so a square of carpet was added for better traction. Once he stood on it he received a reward of wax worms as his weight was recorded. Soon he was standing on the carpeted scale reliably. Animal Keepers’ Forum, Vol. 35, No. 10 417 Once Torch was on display, the keepers realized that we also needed to train Torch to go willingly into and out of the bam. It is important that Torch can be shifted quickly and reliably if we have severe weather or if we need to access the yard. We have also decided that it is better for Torch to be shifted inside his bam if anyone needs to service his yard for our safety and for his. The carpet square proved to be very helpful when training him P' " / ' JH to go into and out of the bam. To teach him to go into and out of the bam, a keeper wearing safety glasses and armed with lots of his favorite treats would go into the yard with Torch and have him follow them. Torch caught on to this game quickly and would follow the keeper anywhere for treats. The only thing that made him really nervous was the metal kick plate on the door to the vestibule. He would have to step on this to get into the vestibule and then walk down the short corridor to get into the bam. He would hesitate every time he’d get near the kick plate and even with treats and praise he would not go over it. To solve this problem we placed his carpet square over the kick plate and called him into the corridor. He eagerly followed his keeper right into the bam. We repeated this several times to build up his confidence Torch was trained to stand on a scale and then removed the carpet square. He was reluctant to in order to take regular weights. step on the kick plate but with lots of praise he did it and (Photo by Mike Nepper) bam. To make it even easier for keepers who do not work with Torch often, we trained him to come all the way into the bam for treats when he hears the sound of bell ringing. We no longer need to use the bell to get him into the bam, but it is still an option for keepers who don’t work with him all the time. We were able to teach him all of this in only a few days. He can, however, be stubborn sometimes and has to be herded into the bam simply because he does not want to go in. We have started an enrichment program with the whooping crane with limited success. He has a few toys that he likes to play with, like his large orange boomer ball and wicker ball. He loves to forage for crickets if they are scattered in the yard or in the shavings in the bam. He loves his pool and water dish, any “treasure” he finds, toys and sticks all end up in the water. Torch finds anything and everything buried in his yard. Torch on Display Torch has proven to be a very good exhibit bird and is extremely popular with the public. He is very curious and outgoing and often approaches the front of his exhibit when people come by. The zoo has put up lots of educational graphics about whooping cranes, about Torch in particular, and about ICF and their reintroduction programs. We see the public reading the signs all the time and often ask keepers questions about him. Torch learning how to go over the kickplate in the vestibule with help from the carpet pieces used during scale training. (Photo by Carol Kagy) Wisconsin can be cold in the winter, but we have had no problem with Torch handling cold temperatures or snow while on display. Whooping cranes are winter hardy and can handle temperatures to -30°F [- 34.4°C] (Ellis, Gee, and Mirande p.33). Torch prefers to stand on shoveled areas, so when it snows the keepers make several paths through his yard. The only problem we have had with winter had nothing to do with the crane, just his exhibit. We had a huge problem at the beginning of Febmary with 11” 418 Animal Keepers’ Forum, Vol. 35, No. 10 [27.94cm] of wet snow falling in less than 24 hours. The huge weight of the snow caused the mesh roof of the crane yard to become so heavy that it snapped the support beams. The mesh roof caved in. In some spots of the crane yard we had less than 5ft. [1.52m] of “head room”. Luckily Torch’s training came in handy as he quiekly came into the bam when called. He was held in the bam for two days and it was decided that it was unsafe for him to be in the yard. He was reloeated to our brand new flamingo building (we don’t have flamingos yet) until his exhibit can be repaired. Once his exhibit is repaired, Torch will once again be on display as one of the gf ^^g crane yard collapsed under heavy snowfall exhibit animals most liked by the public as well as his keepers. References International Crane Foundation Site 12 Dec. 2007. Ellis, David H, George F. Gee, Claire M. Mirande. Cranes: Their Biology, Husbandry and Conservation. Washington DC: Department of the Interior, National Biologieal Service and Baraboo, WI : International Crane Foundation, 1996. Acknowledgements and Thank You US Fish and Wildlife Service International Crane Foundation Staff University of Wisconsin-Madison Veterinary Hospital Milwaukee County Zoo Veterinary Staff and Technicians Dr. Gretchen Cole D.VM Ellen Saksefski- former Aviary Supervisor Kim Smith-former Bird Curator at the Milwaukee County Zoo All the Milwaukee County Zoo zookeepers who were involved with Torch’s care and recovery At left: Torch enters the bam at MCZ (Photo by Caty Poggenburg) (Editor ’s Note: This paper was originally presented at the AZA Regional Conference held March 3-8, 2008 in Birmingham, AL is available in the AZA online proceedings.) Animal Keepers’ Forum, Vol 35, No. 10 419 AAZK Logo Fleeces Now Available AAZK has these great looking, long-sleeved fleeces available for sale on the Association website (www.aazk.org). They are made of an 80/20 cotton/polyester blend for durability and long wear. The AAZK logo is embroidered in full color on the left front. Fleeces feature a zippered front and ribbed cuffs and hemline. The fleeces are available in blue and black. Blue fleeces are available in Large and X-Large only. Black fleeces are available in Small, Medium, Large and X-Large. Fleeces sell for $60.00 each and price includes postage and handling. During the AAZK 2008 Conference in Salt Lake City, the fleeces will be sale priced at $50.00 each so plan to buy yours there. Or if you are not attending the conference, send your order with a friend who is and save $ 1 0.00 ! These fleeces are not only attractive, but durable and nice and warm for late fall into winter wear. You may also use the order form below. Mail order form, check or credit card information to: Fleeces, AAZK, Inc., 3601 SW 29th St., Ste. 133, Topeka, KS 66614-2054. AAZK Logo Fleece Order Form (please print all information on form clearly) Please send Blue fleece(s) in the following size(s) Large X-Large (indicate number of fleeces odered in each size) Please send Black fleece(s) in the following size(s) Sm Med Lg X-Lg. Number of fleeces ordered X $60.00 each = $ TOTAL $ Mail to: Name Address Apt. City State/Province, Zip/Postal Code Email Check Enclosed (make out to AAZK, Inc.) Please charge: Mastercard Visa _ Card # - - - Exp. Date / Name on card 420 Animal Keepers’ Forum, Vol. 35, No. 10 Ivory Poaching at Critical Levels: Elephants on Path to Extinction by 2020? African elephants {Loxodonta africand) are being slaughtered for their ivory at a pace unseen since an international ban on the ivory trade took effect in 1989. But the public outcry that resulted in that ban is absent today, and a University of Washington conservation biologist contends it is because the public seems to be unaware of the giant mammals’ plight. The elephant death rate from poaching throughout Africa is about 8% a year based on recent studies, which is actually higher than the 7.4% annual death rate that led to the international ivory trade ban nearly 20 years ago, said Samuel Wasser, a UW biology professor. But the poaching death rate in the late 1980s was based on a population that numbered more than one million. Today the total African elephant population is less than 470,000. “If the trend continues, there won’t be any elephants except in fenced areas with a lot of enforcement to protect them,” said Wasser. He is lead author of a paper in the August issue of Conservation Biology that contends elephants are on a course that could mean most remaining large groups will be extinct by 2020 unless renewed public pressure brings about heightened enforcement. Co-authors are William Clark of the Interpol Working Group on Wildlife Crime and the Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Ofir Drori of the Last Great Ape Organization in Cameroon, Emily Kisamo of the Lusaka Agreement Task Force in Kenya, Celia Mailand of the UW, Benezeth Mutayoba of Sokoine University in Tanzania and Matthew Stephens of the University of Chicago. Wasser ’s laboratory has developed DNA tools that can determine which elephant population ivory came from. That is important because often poachers attack elephants in one country but ship the contraband ivory from an adjacent nation to throw off law enforcement. For instance, 6.5 tons of ivory seized in Singapore in 2002 were shipped from Malawi, but DNA tracking showed the ivory came originally from an area centered on Zambia. Similarly, a 2006 shipment of 3.9 tons seized in Hong Kong had been sent from Cameroon, but DNA forensics showed it came from an area centered on Gabon. Evidence gathered from recent major ivory seizures shows conclusively that the ivory is not coming from a broad geographic area but rather that hunters are targeting specific herds. With such information, Wasser said, authorities can beef up enforcement efforts and focus them in specific areas where poaching is known to occur as a means of preventing elephants from being killed. But that will only happen if there is sufficient public pressure to marshal funding for a much larger international effort to halt the poaching. In 1989, most international ivory trade was banned by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), which regulates trade in threatened and Confiscated illegally poached ivory (Photo: William Clark) Animal Keepers’ Forum, Vol. 35, No. 10 421 endangered speeies. The restrictions banned ivory trade except for ivory from elephants that nations legally culled from their herds or those that died naturally. At the time the treaty was enacted, poachers were killing an average of 70,000 elephants a year. The ban instigated much stronger enforcement efforts, nearly halting poaching almost immediately. However, that sense of success resulted in waning enforcement. Western aid was withdrawn four years after the ban was enacted and poaching gradually increased to the current alarming rates, Wasser said. “The situation is worse than ever before and the public is unaware,” he said, “It’s very serious because elephants are an incredibly important species. They keep habitats open so other species that depend on such ecosystems can use them. Without elephants, there will be major habitat changes, with negative effects on the many species that depend on the lost habitat. “Elephants also are a major part of ecotourism, which is an important source of hard currency for many African countries.” The illegal ivory trade is being carried out mostly by large crime syndicates, Wasser believes, and is being driven by growing markets in China and Japan, where ivory is in demand for carvings and signature stamps called hankos. In addition, in the last few years demand has risen sharply in the United States, where much of the ivory is used to make knife handles and gun grips. In fact, a May report from the Care for the Wild International, a not-for-profit British natural protection organization, ranks the U.S. second behind China as a marketplace for illegal ivory. But the illegal ivory trade has gotten relatively low priority from prosecutors, and new laws promoting global trade have created “a policing nightmare,” Wasser says, which makes ivory poaching a high-profit, low-risk endeavor. The only way to curb the trade, he believes, is to focus enforcement in areas where the ivory comes from in the first place, before it enters the complex, global crime trade network. Public support is crucial to helping reduce demand and to spur the needed enforcement help from the West. However, Wasser believes that news reports about the need to cull excess elephants from managed populations in three or four countries have led many people to believe incorrectly that there are too many elephants in Africa. Those managed populations are confined by fences that limit the elephants’ natural movements. “Public support stopped the illegal ivory trade back in 1989 and can do so again,” Wasser said. “The work with DNA sampling allows us to focus law enforcement on poaching hot spots. “It forces countries to take more responsibility for what goes on within their borders, and it also gives us more insight on where to look so that, hopefully, we can stop the poachers before the elephants are actually killed.” Source: ScienceDaily (8/1/08) via ZooNews Digest #550 Aug. 4—10, 2008 422 Animal Keepers’ Forum, Vol. 35, No. 10 How to Keep Jellyfish in Aquariums: An Introductory Guide for Maintaining Healthy Jellies By Chad L. Widner, Sr. Aquarist, Husbandry Research & Development, Monterey bay Aquarium Wheatmark Publishing, 2008 ISBN# 978- D604-94 126-5 Paperback, 5 x 8-inch, 212 pgs., illustrated, bibliography Price: $25.95 Many people want to learn how to keep and grow jellyfish in aquariums, but don’t know where to start. Though the scientific literature contains clues, the language can be cryptic for the unitiated, and the references can be tricky to track down without access to a well-stocked university library. In this first-of-its-kind guide, Chad L. Widmer presents. in plain language some proven methods for jellyfish husbandry. In the book the author describes detailed instructions for growing 14 different kinds of jellies, how to properly adjust currents in jellyfish tanks, how to maintain cultures, trouble- shooting jellyfish health problems and much more. With some study, attention to detil, and a little pioneer spirit, the novice can soon be enjoying their own jellies, along with their new-found jelly- keeping skills. Praise for the book has been unanimous thus far: “A great read. A must-have for ayone interested in keeping jellyfish.” ~ A. Pereyra, animal trainer, Monterey Bay Aquarium “I loved it! I feel very well informed, and I believe I could go out and grow jellies right now if I wanted... Step-by-step instructions were fantastic.” ~ S. Wright, schoolteacher This book is available through Wheatmark Publishing, and many online booksellers including amazon. com< Dictionary of Herpetology By Dr. Harvey B. Lilly white Published 2008 by Krieger Publishing Company, PO Box 9542, Melbourne, FL 32902-9542 Hardback, viii + 376 pages ISBN# 978-1-57524-023-7 List price: $ 1 12.50 Following the historical precedent of Peters (1964), this new updated Dictionary of Herpetology provides a comprehensive, single-volume dictionary, with selected cross- referenced entries to clarify the many technical terms and concepts that pertain to herpetology. The Dictionary contains a complete collection of words that are central to understanding Animal Keepers’ Forum, Vol. 35, No. 10 423 DicrroNAHY '.OF ■ ■ ' ilL'ftlfEtOLOGV the biology of amphibians, turtles, reptiles, and croeodilians, and offers coneise and easy-to-use readable definitions in an A-to-Z format. This invaluable reference is essential for academic herpetologists, or anyone who is interested in herpetology and its many ancillary aspects. This new Dictionary emphasizes terminology related to anatomy, physiology, systematics, evolution, and other disciplines, including newly-emerged fields that are relevant to the study amphibians, turtles, reptiles, and croeodilians. For greater accuracy, comprehension, and ease of use, the Dictionary of Herpetology uses the traditional, standardized common names for North American species proposed by Collins & Taggart (2002. Standard Common and Current Scientific Names for North American Amphibians, Turtles, Reptiles, and Croeodilians. Fifth Edition), published by The Center for North American Herpetology (available as a pdf at the CNAHweb site - http://www.cnah.org), and maintained and updated daily online, the only such listing available on the Internet worldwide. Highly recommended by Center for North American Herpetology; an absolutely essential volume that should be on or close by the desk of every herpetologist. Available from: Krieger Publishing Company (http://wwww.krieger-publishing.com) and at several online booksellers including amazon. com< Alone Within the Pack By Sandra Lynch-Bakken, 2008 Ecopress, an Imprint of Finney Company, 8075 215th St. W., Lakevile, MN 55044 (www.ecopress.com) ISBN# 978-I-893272-I1-8 136 pages, 7 x 1 0-inch, paperback Price: $17.95 Review by Patty Young, Keeper Cleveland Metroparks Zoo, Cleveland, OH This book is described as a memoir of the author’s years caring for the new pack of wolves at the now closed Heritage Park Zoo in Nebraska. From the title and the beginning of the introduction it appears that the book will focus mostly on one wolf The introduction also includes a nice, if short, wolf history up to the reintroduction of wolves in Yellowstone National Park. There is some general knowledge information on wolf physiology, pack structure and introducing captive wolves. Information on wolves is occasionally backed up with quotes from noted wolf experts. All of these things and the wolves themselves sometimes get lost in the author’s emotions and digressions into the day-to-day world and conversations of her life. Even though this book is a memoir, there are distractions of the author’s life that are not integral to the story of her life as a wolf keeper. The author takes liberties when discussing other zoos and their wolves without adding all the facts that may be available. Overall this book is not on any must read list. About the author: Sandra Lynch-Bakkan has been intrigued by nature most of her life, and for 20 years she studied captive wolves. Growing up in Ontario, she spent much of her spare time photographing wildlife in Algonquin Park. When she and her husband David moved to the United States in the early 1990 s, she turned her lifelong passion into a career and became a wolf keeper. She returned to Canada in 2005 and currently lives with her husband on Vancouver Island where they both work for The Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. She is working on a second book on chimps in captivity. 424 Animal Keepers’ Forum, Vol. 35, No. 10 ) New Book The Lizard King: The True Crimes and Passions of the World’s Greatest Reptile Smugglers (CNAH Suggested Subtitle: Sordid Stores of Those Who Sell Snakes) By Bryan Christy 2008 by Twelve, New York, NY Publisher: Twelve, New York Ix + 241 pages 9.3 x 5.6 x 1 inches Review from the Center for North ISBN-13: 978-0446580953 American Herpetology Price: $24.99 (http://www.cnah.org) Lawrence, KS In his new book. The Lizard King Bryan Christy tells the true story of America’s biggest reptile smuggler, Michael J. Van Nostrand, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service agent who risks his career to stop him. Van Nostrand’s company. Strictly Reptiles of Hollywood, Florida, is the world’s largest reptile import-export company as well as the likely source behind the Green Iguana in your local pet shop. To Special Agent Chip Bepler, however. Strictly Reptiles was the brains and bank behind a vast criminal network trafficking the world’s most protected species. To stop wildlife trafficking through South Florida, Bepler would have to stop Van Nostrand, and send himto jail. Hailed as an insider’s look at both wildlife smuggling and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, The Lizard King also recounts the era of wildlife attractions in southern Florida, explores our relationship to the “foul and loathesome,” and reveals the amazing impact reptile smuggling has had on international wildlife^aw. The Lizard King is the story of crafty smugglers supplying rare reptiles to collectors and zoo curators worldwide; it is the story of an amazing multi-million dollar industry in genetically-designed pythons selling for $100,000, and it’s a story of obsession. The Lizard King. Imagine The Sopranos. ..with snakes! About the author: Bryan Christy, a former lawyer and a Fulbright Scholar, writes for Playboy and National Geographic. He is a graduate of Pennsylvania State University, Cornell s FALCON Program, University of Michigan Law School, and is a member of the Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. Order online at http://www.twelvebooks.com/books/lizard_king.asp 2007 AAZK Conference Proceedings Now Available for Download The papers, posters and workshop summaries from the Galveston, TX 2007 National AAZK Confer- ence are now available to download from the Member’s Only Section of the AAZK website (www.aazk.org) They are available either as a complete download of all materials or as individual papers in pdf format. Proceedings will not be published in hard copy, so this will be your only way to access these materials. If you are not currently registered on the Member’s Only Section of the AAZK website, you are encouraged to do so soon. You must be a current member of AAZK, Inc. in order to gain access to this section. Besides the Conference Proceedings, there is also lots of other good information available only to AAZK members in the Member’s Only Section. See Scoops & Scuttebuttt from the March 2008 issue of AKF for further information on what is currently available there. The AAZK Board, Staff and Committees will continue to add information to this section. So check back often to see what’s new! Animal Keepers’ Forum, Vol. 35, No. 10 425 NOW AVAILABLE Crisis Management in Zoos Special 136-page issue of Animal Keepers* Forum dedicated to Crisis Management in Zoos. This special issue contains papers designed to help animal-care facilities supplement their own crisis management protocols and provide information on how various plans have worked at other facilities. Tabic of Contents Acknowledgement?, - Susan D. Chan, Managing E6\iov, Animal Keepers ’Forum • Preface - Ed Hansen, Executive Director, AAZK, Inc. • Forward Kris Vehrs, Executive Director, Association of Zoos & Aquariums • Introduction - W.K. Baker, Jr., Director, Abilene Zoological Gardens, Abilene, TX • Crisis Management Planning in Zoological Institutions - Geoff Underwood, Stirling, South Australia • Disease Risk Communication and Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza - Robyn Barbiers, D.V.M., Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, IL • Developing a Weapons Team for Dangerous Animal Emergencies: Organization and Training. - Norm Piwonka, Departmental Technical Analyst and Ken Kaemmerer, Curator of Mammals, Dallas Zoo, Dallas, TX • Who’s Afraid of the Big Bad Wolf? Dealing with a long-term, high-profile animal escape - Jennifer Barnett, Director of Wildlife Management, Binder Park Zoo, Battle Creek, MI • Chemical Restraint of Exotic Animals in an Emergency Situation. - Marilynn M. Baeyens, DVM, Veterinarian, Little Rock Zoo, Little Rock, AR • The Veterinary Role as First Responders to a Medical Emergency in a Crisis Management Situation. - W.K Baker, Jr, Director, Abilene Zoological Gardens, Abilene, TX • Critical Incident Stress Management: A Proven Tool for Addressing Staff Needs After a Traumatic Event - Lisa Fitzgerald and Gary Sanchez, Dallas Zoo, Dallas, TX and JayPratte, Zoo Atlanta, Atlanta, GA • Developing a Program for Dangerous Animal Emergencies: Procedures for Animal Escape, Unauthorized Person in with Dangerous Animals, and Unified Command System - Ken Kaemmerer, Curator of Mammals, and Norm Piwonka, Departmental Technical Analyst, Dallas Zoo, Dallas, TX • Dive Safety in Zoos and Aquariums - Gil Falcone, Senior Dive Safety Officer, Monterey Bay Aquarium, Monterey, CA • Wildlfire! One Facility’s Response and Lessons Learned - Chuck Brinkman IV, Professor, Moorpark College, the Staff of America ’s Teaching Zoo and the Students from the Classes of 2004 and 2005 • Keep Commmunication Equipment Powered in an Emergency, Part IWhat to Put in Your Emergency Power Kit - Thomas Shaddack, TechSoup.com • Keep Commmunication Equipment Powered in an Emergency, Part 2 How to Convert Your Devices to Run Off Batteries - Thomas Shaddack, TechSoup.com • The Terrorist Threat to Zoological Institutions - W.K. Baker, Jr, Director, Abilene Zoological Gardens, Abilene, TX and Commander W.S. Graves, U.S. Navy, Retired • Hurricane Preparedness: Lessons Learned from Hurricane Katrina - Elizabeth E. Hammond, DVM, Lion Country Safari, Loxahatchee, FL and Daniel K. Maloney, General Curator/Life Sciences, Zoos Victoria, Parkville, VIC, Australia • Training Dangerous Animals Safely is No Accident - Gary M. Priest, Curator-Applied Animal Behavior, San Diego Zoo/San Diego Wild Animal Park/ Zoological Society of San Diego, San Diego, CA • Firearms Use and Training in AZA Institutions - Dan Beetem, Director of Animal Management, The Wilds, Cumberland, OH • Aspects of a Safety Program for Zoos and Aquarium Facilities in the United States - Ed Hansen, Risk Management Coordinator, City of Tucson, Tucson, AZ 426 Animal Keepers’ Forum, Vol. 35, No. 10 Crisis Management in Zoos Order Form (Please type or print clearly) I wish to order copy (ies) of the Crisis Management in Zoos dedicated issue of Animal Keepers ^ Forum. AAZK Member $25.00 Non-Member $50.00 #copies X price $ Price includes Domestic media rate postage and Canadian airmail postage. Total for Order $ Name. Address_ Apt. # City State/Province Zip/Postai Code Country Payment Options: check enclosed Mastercard VISA (checks payable to AAZK, Inc. U.S. Funds ONLY) Credit Card # - - - Exp. Date Name on Credit Card (please print clearly) Signature Phone # Email Mail completed Order Form and payment or authorization to: AAZK, Inc., 3601 SW 29th St., Suite 133, Topeka, Kansas 66614-2054 USA ATTN: CMZ Order. North American phone orders using a Mastercard or VISA credit card may be placed by calling 785-273- 9149/ Animal Keepers’ Forum, Vol. 35, No. 10 427 C(yy\^(e4^(Xtt(yri/Le^^i^^ lipd^ccte/ Column Coordinators: Becky Richendollar, North Carolina Zoo and Greg McKinney, Philadelphia PA This month ’s column was put together by column co-coordinator Becky Richendollar Heroin Addicted Elephant Makes F nil Recovery - An Asian elephant {Elephas maximus) has overcome his heroin - addiction following a three- year rehabilitation program. Xiguang, a four-year-old bull, developed an addiction to heroin after illegal traders injected the drug into bananas to try and trap and pacify him. He was captured on the Chinese-Burmese border in 2005. When officials found him months later, he was suffering from withdrawal symptoms. Xiguang was taken to the Chinese island of Hainan and given methadone injections. The daily injections were five times larger than the dose for humans. He has now recovered and will be returned to the Yunnan Wild Animal Park in the Yunnan province. Source: AP, September 5, 2008 VP Candidate Tough on the Environment - Global warming is taking place more quickly in Alaska than anywhere else in the United States, but Alaska governor and vice-presidential nominee Sarah Palin doubts that human action is the cause. This belief differs from many politicians, including President Bush who admitted that the U.S. should reduce man-made carbon emissions to help stop global warming. Throughout her time in Alaska, Sarah Palin has been in support of fossil fuels. She has also opposed increased protection for beluga whales, where oil and gas development are possible. In May, the Department of the Interior listed the polar bear as a threatened species. This listing could interfere with drilling off the coast of Alaska. In response to the listing, Palin sued the Federal Government. “Our main concern with Sarah Palin’s positions are that they are based on doing what is best for the oil industry, and not what is best for Americans,” said David Willett, press secretary for the Sierra Club. Palin also supports drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, an action that would disrupt the bears, gray wolves, sandhill cranes, and caribou that call the refuge home. This position goes against even that of presidential nominee John McCain who said, “When America set aside the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, we called it a ‘refuge’ for a reason.” Source: Time.com September 1, 2008 Five Tasmanian Devils Born Disease-free South Australian Zoo - Monarto Zoo, southeast of Adelaide, is taking part in a mainland breeding program aimed at helping the devil population recover from the effects of facial tumor disease. The five joeys will have their first health check in late August. Facial tumour disease was detected in 1996 and has halved the Tasmanian devil population. {Editor s note: See AKF story June 2008 issue, page 291 for background.) There are hopes the mainland population will be able to boost Tasmanian (Sarcophilus harrisii) devil numbers in the wild, once the risk of the disease has been reduced. Heroin-addicted Elephant (Photo: ChinaNews.com) 428 Animal Keepers’ Forum, Vol. 35, No. 10 “Tasmanian devils are at risk of becoming extinct due to the spread of the DFTD [devil facial tumour disease] and have recently been classified as endangered,” Monarto Zoo’s director of conservation Kevin Evans said. “Our aim is to continue and grow our involvement with this most urgent survival concern for these iconic Australian marsupials.” Zookeeper Peter Clark says the devils are only four months old but already developing character. “They’re fully furred and already they’ve got the appearance of being quite feisty ... which is their reputation,” he said. “But, yeah, they’re cute also - young devils are quite attractive to look at.” (Source: ABC.net.au 8.26.08 By Jessica Schacht) One of five Tasmanian devils bom at Monarto Zoo in South Australia Elephant Jenny to Stay in Dallas - Dallas Zoo officials have made the decision to keep Jenny at the zoo. The zoo had previously planned to send Jenny to the African Safari Park in Puebla, Mexico. Local residents and animal rights experts fought that decision, fearing that the cars in the drive- through park would trigger Jenny’s rage. Opponents to the planned move said that Jenny should be sent to a sanctuary for traumatized elephants in Tennessee. That plan met with resistance from the Dallas Zoo as well as the AZA. Because the sanctuary in Tennessee is not accredited, zoo officials argued that the facility would not be able to properly care for Jenny, a charge that the sanctuary denies. The new plan created by zoo officials is to speed up the constmction of the new African mammal exhibit and to acquire a companion for Jenny. A four-acre exhibit should be completed within 18 months. Keeping the elephant at the zoo, “serves Jenny’s best interests,” said Greg Hudson, the zoo’s executive director. Jenny’s keepers report that she is doing well and appears in good health, physically and mentally. Source: AP, August 20, 2008 Tests Indicate Magpies Are Self-aware - Only a few species have been shown to have the ability to recognize themselves. Humans, apes, bottlenose dolphins, and Asian elephants have been shown to recognize themselves in a mirror. Now new research has demonstrated this ability in magpies {Pica pica). This finding confuses scientists, who have long believed self-recognition comes from a part of the brain called the neocortex. Magpies do not have a neocortex. In the experiment, Helmut Prior at Goethe University in Frankfurt, applied red, yellow, or black dots to the necks of magpies. The spots were only visible to the birds when using a mirror. When the birds with red and yellow spots saw themselves in the mirror, they began to scratch at their necks, a sign that they recognized the image in the mirror as theirs. Those birds that received a black spot, which could not be seen against the black neck feathers, had no reaction when looking in the mirror. Scientists believed that self-recognition came from the Photo: Helmut Prior, Goethe University Magpie with sticker under beak. Animal Keepers’ Forum, Vol 35, No. 10 429 neocortex, but birds don’t have one. The authors believe that the ability to self-recognize in birds and mammals could be an example of convergent evolution. Convergent evolution is a case of evolutionary pressures resulting in similar behaviors that were reached through different methods. Source: NewScientist.com news, August 19, 2008 Condor Released by San Diego Zoo Lost in Wildfire - The San Diego Zoo handed over a check for $10,000 to the Ventana Wildlife Society earlier this year. The check was to assist the organization in its recovery from wildfires. One California condor (Gymnogyps californianus) from the zoo’s wild animal park was lost in the fire. “The Ventana Wildlife Society is one of our partners in the conservation of the California condor,” said Wild Animal Park Curator of Birds Michael Mace. He went on to say that the Wild Animal Park has sent 34 California condors to be released in the Society’s condor sanctuary in Big Sur, California. Two condors were lost during a wildfire earlier this year that continued for over a month. Big Sur is a habitat for over 40 wild condors, including adults that are now breeding in the wild. Three of the condor nests scientists have been tracking are located in the burned out area. Scientists believe that all three chicks are alive and healthy based on the parents’ behavior. Unfortunately, the fire damage created conditions that are not favorable for the biologists to return to the nests. The generous $10,000 donation will help replace equipment and supplies so scientists can continue to monitor the free-flying condors. Source: National Geographic News, September 1, 2008 Polar Bears Far from Land - Government scientists in Alaska’s Chukchi Sea found at least nine polar bears (Ursus maritimus) swimming in open water earlier this year. One bear was at least 60 miles from shore, causing concern among biologists. Geoff York of the WWF’s Arctic Program said that when polar bears swim so far from land, they may have difficulty making it back, especially in a storm. Scientists fear that this problem will only worsen as the sea ice that the bears hunt and live on continues to disappear. York said, “As climate change continues to dramatically disrupt the Arctic, polar bears and their cubs are being forced to swim longer distances to find food and habitat.” In May of this year, the US Department of Interior listed polar bears as threatened under the Endangered Species Act. However, the state of Alaska has opposed the listing and has sued the federal government to try and reverse the decision to list the bear. Professor Richard Steiner of the University of Alaska’s Marine Advisory Program said, “The bottom line here is that polar bears need sea ice, sea ice is decaying, and the bears are in very serious trouble. For any people who are still non- believers in global warming and the impacts it is having in the Arctic, this should answer their doubts once and for all.” Source: WWF News, August 22, 2008 Aquarium Visitors’ Participation in Dives is on the Rise - Eight major aquariums now allow 430 Animal Keepers’ Forum, Vol. 35, No. 10 Polar bears find less and less pack ice from which to hunt, requiring them to swim farther and farther out to sea in search of food. (Photo R & C Buchanan, Polar Bears International) visitors the chance to dive in their exhibits, according to Steve Feldman, a spokesman for the AZA. “Aquariums are doing this as a way to compete with other forms of entertainment for the eonsumer’s shrinking dollars, as a way to foster marine education and as a way to help supplement their budgets with additional revenues,” Feldman said. “People want up-close experiences with wild animals,” said Feldman, pointing to the popularity of petting and feeding programs at zoos and wildlife parks. Several aquariums offer snorkeling and swim-with-the-fish opportunities. Disney’s Living Seas exhibit was the first guest diving program, and it was started nearly 20 years ago. It wasn’t until recently that other aquariums began to offer this chance.The Florida Aquarium, the Downtown Aquarium in Denver, and several other large aquariums are benefitting from the popularity of this activity. Not all animal caretakers are eonvinced, however, and a number of major aquariums including the New York Aquarium, the New England Aquarium, and Chicago’s Shedd Aquarium do not offer guest diving. “It’s a great moneymaker for aquariums, no question about it,” said Dick Blankfein, the dive safety officer at the New York Aquarium. Blankfein said it places “undue stress on the animals.” “It also puts undue stress on me as a dive safety officer,” he said, “because I have no idea the abilities of the people who would come in as guest divers.” Source: AP, August 30, 2008 Oldest Captive Gorilla Dies - Jenny, a 55-year-old female Western Lowland Gorilla {Gorilla gorilla), died in September at the Dallas Zoo.The zoo made the decision to euthanize Jenny because of an inoperable stomach tumor. Recently Jenny had stopped eating and drinking and tests showed she was not likely to reeover, said zoo spokesman Sean Greene. Earlier this year, ISIS confirmed that Jenny was the oldest gorilla in captivity. Jenny was bom in the wild and brought (Photo: Dallas Zoo) to the zoo in 1957. In 1965 she gave birth to a female named Vicki. Of the approximately 360 gorillas in North American zoos, only four were over 50 as of earlier this year. The oldest living gorilla is now Colo, a 51 -year-old female at the Columbus Zoo who was the first gorilla bom in captivity. Source: AP, September 8, 2008 Zoo Fights to Save Rat Species - A pair of forest rats, of a speeies predicted to become extinct in the wild within the next 25 years, is thriving at the Isle of Wight Zoo (9/3/08). Menabe and Kirindy, a breeding pair of the rare Madagascan jumping rat {Hypogeomys antimena), have settled in well since they arrived at the Sandown attraction earlier this month and have become popular with visitors. The rats, which can live up to 12 years, are two of only 63 of the critically endangered species in captivity around the globe. They are found in a small area of deciduous forest in western Madagascar, a country ravaged by deforestation. These burrowing animals, which only jump when alarmed, are now as endangered as some of the island’s lemur species, which the Isle of Wight Zoo also holds under a captive breeding programme. Menabe, the five-year-old male, and Kirindy, almost aged three, live in a special enclosure for nocturnal animals and enjoy a varied diet, whieh includes popcorn, leaf pellets, fruit, vegetables, hawthorn and even dog biscuits. Animal Keepers’ Forum, Vol. 35, No. 10 431 It is hoped Menabe and Kirindy will breed and support the urgent eonservation measures needed to save the species from extinction, says Charlotte Comey, chief executive of the Isle of Wight Zoo. “The zoo is very pleased to have the opportunity to assist with this, as some scientists believe these rodents could disappear from the wild in less than 25 years,” she said. Source: Isle of Wight County Press by Jon Moreno 8/29/08 Wind Turbines Endanger Migratory Bats - Wind turbines pose a greater danger to bats than birds as the power generators produce a sudden drop in air pressure that causes the nocturnal animal’s lungs to burst, a study has found. While the turbines’ blades may endanger birds, Canadian researchers found that 90% of bats found dead at wind farms had suffered internal hemorrhaging caused by the drop in air pressure, a condition known as barotrauma. Only about half of the migratory bats showed any evidence of direct contact with the blades, said the study published in the August 26 edition of the journal Current Biology. Bats, which emit a sonar-like soupd to detect objects, rarely collide with man-made structures, the researchers noted. “An atmospheric-pressure drop at wind- turbine blades is an undetectable — and potentially unforeseeable — hazard for bats, thus partially explaining the large number of bat fatalities at these specific structures,” said Erin Baerwald of the University of Calgary 4n Canada. “Given that bats are more susceptible to barotrauma than birds, and that bat fatalities at wind turbines far outnumber bird fatalities ... , at most sites, wildlife fatalities at wind turbines are now a bat issue, not a bird issue.” Birds have more rigid lungs than bats that allow them to more easily withstand sudden drops in air pressure. The lungs of bats are balloon-like, with two-way airflow ending in thin flexible sacs surrounded by capillaries. A drop in air pressure can cause the sacs to expand too much, making the capillaries explode, the researchers said. Bat deaths caused by wind turbines could have far-reaching consequences, the researchers warned. While bats can live for 30 years or more, most only produce one or two pups at a time and not necessarily every year. “Slow reproductive rates can limit a population’s ability to recover from crashes and thereby increase the risk of endangerment or extinction,” said Robert Barclay of the University of Calgary. Their deaths could also affect ecosystems on the bats’ migration routes as they eat thousands of insects, including many crop pests, every day, the researchers added. Source: Agence France Presse via YahooNews.com 8/26/08 Wind turbines standing at the ‘Energiepark Druiberg’ in Dardesheim, eastern Germany in 2007 432 Animal Keepers’ Forum, Vol 35, No. 10 A AZK Membership Application (Please Print) check here if renewal [ ] Name [Email | Mailing Address □ □ □ □ □ □ □ State/Province U.S. Members $40.00 Professional Full-time Keepers $35.00 Affiliate Other staff & volunteers, or those interested in the profession but not associated with a zoo or aquarium $25.00 Student Must supply a copy of current student ID at time of application $65.00 or up - Individuals Contributing/U.S. $125.00 or up Institutional/U.S. (requires Board approval) $125.00 Commercial Members (i.e. Animal-related food & supplies) Zip/Postal Code Country □ Canadian Members $40.00 Professional Full-time Keepers □ $40.00 Affiliate Other staff & volunteers or those interested in the profession but not associated with a zoo or aquarium □ $25.00 Student Must supply a copy of current student ID at time of application □ $65.00 or up - Individuals Contributing/Canada □ $125.00 or up Institutional/Canada (requires Board approval) □ Library Only Available only to public & $40.00 Library university libraries (in U.S.) International Members $55.00 International All members outside U.S. & Canada regardless of category Zoo Affiliation (if any) Zoo Address Title □ My check is enclosed (AAZK, Inc.) 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