> 2 s c/5 s CO M INSTITUTIt 4 NOfiniliSNI NVINOSHiJWS S3ldViJan LIBRARIES Sl\/| 5 <0 ^ = - <'> >!saw25t\ r ^ ^ < /s^ ^1) ;H < “ 5 ^,2 '!ai!£5^ o S S3 1 M va a n LI B R AR l ES^SMlTHSONIAN’*lNSTITUTION^NOIiniliSNI“NVi H f- 2 r* 5r ^ r* m >»^osv^ ^ ^s2VAs»^ ni N INSTITUTI0N^N0liniliSNirNVIN0SHill/4S^ S3 1 BVd B 11 “LI B RAR I ES^^SA Z \ CO 2 z o (O S ' 2 >' 2 8*^53 I a VB a n^Lt B R AR l ES^SMITHSONIAN^INSTITUTION NOlJLniliSNI_N\ ~ CO „ 15 CO 2 CO Ul ;^o>v — q: < QC O 2 ■ o J Z _J 2 N INSTITUTION NOlifliliSNI NVINOSHilWS SBiaVaail LIBRARIES SI 2 c -y 2 ^ ^ ~ ^ ^ o C H O iW :q > :o m 2 m ^ ^ N^iustix m S S3 I BVB a n“"LI B R AR I ES^SMITHSONiAN"lNSTlTUTION NOlinillSNI N CO Z CO 2 CO i s S 5 5 N INSTITUTION NOlifliUSNI NVIN0SHllWs‘”s3 laVUan^LIBRARI Es“’si| CO = <0 ^ CO ‘H H C CO Q XOn dc^ ^ ><£jiiiST^ Q O S S3 I dVdan“^LIBRARIES^SMITHSONIAN'^INSTITUTION^NOIini!lSNl“^N m x^os\A^ ^ rn N INSTITUTl0N^N0liniIiSNl“NVIN0SHiIlAI$^S3 I d Vd 8 11 ~LI B RAR I ES S Z ^ CO Z ^ 5 ^ z :s U) > z ;d -j- ^ ’ m ^ ni ^ n MIAN INSTITUTION^NOIiniIiSNl”NVINOSHillNS S3 I d Vd 8 IT "’Ll B R AR I ES Z < C/> 2 ^ > X ; Z . 'liT y-- \'.C^€Akarjp/ 2 . iiiMs'"S3 1 a vd a n^Li b rar i es'^smithsonian institution NoiiniiiSNi;^ (o = (O := CO UJ ><;astito?x ^<7rr>v u fr uj o: < q: CD O , O -J 2 ^ NIAN INSTITUTION NOIinillSNI NVINOSHillNS SaiaVaBIT LIBRARIES “ z f- . z ~ (tj >i;Ti2s,^ " ■SSJOlUgS' ni lilWS S3iaVaan”LlBRARlEs'”sMITHS0NlAN“lNSTITUTI0N NOIinillSNI w z w z .vv. “ : 5\ ^ ^ X CO o Z CO * Z ^ ^ iNIAN_INSTITUTION NOIinillSNI NVINOSHilWS S3 I d Vd 8 11 LI B RAR I ES CO r: CO X « 4 W UJ CO IIIWS S3 I ava a n"^LI B rar I ES^SMITHS0NIAN“'lNSTITUT10N^N0liniliSNl z r- z ^ z O 2 a. ° $0 t > I- »- 3 S CO m ♦NIAN INSTITUTlON^NOIinillSNl“"NVINOSHllWS S3ldVdan LIBRARIES 2 w CO Z ^ ^ V < \ JULY 1986 ‘Animal Keepers Forum m dedicated to Professional Animal Care i I ANIMAL KEEPERS' FORUM, 635 Gaqe Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606. Executive Editor: Alice Miser JULY 1986 Managing Editor: Susan Chan VOLUME THIRTEEN Associate Editor: Ron Ringer NUMBER SEVEN Animal KeepeA6 ' FoAum (ISSN 0164-9531) is a monthly journal of the American Association of Zoo Keepers, Inc., 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606. Five dollars of each membership fee goes toward the annual pub- lication costs of kvuMOt VoKim. Second Class postage paid at Topeka, KS. Postmaster: Please send address changes to: AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF ZOO KEEPERS, INC. NATIONAL HEAVQUARTERS, 635 GAGE BLi/V., TOPEKA, KS 66606 BoAba/ui ManspmkeA., AdmTyU^tAcUTve Sec-A-eXcUii^ BOARD OF DIRECTORS Jean Hromadka, San Diego Wild Animal Park P^QJildmt Escondido, CA 92025 Frank B. Kohn, National Zoological Park l/-tce P^Q^.ld2.nt Washington, DC 20008 Oliver Claffey, Metro Toronto Zoo, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Susan M. Barnard, Zoo Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30315 Kerry Hoffman, Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum, Tucson, AZ 85743 COMMITTEE CHAIRPERSONS/PROJECT HEADS Coordinator for Chapter Affairs G(2/LCLtd Paynn, VoXno-iX loo Awards Committee Rachel. Rog eA6 , Mixml MeJyiozoo Book Review Coordinator Vianc Fo^yth, Akn.oyi Zoo Legislative Action Committee Becky Roge/u>, Topeka Zoo International Affairs Co-Coordinators and Pam MeVougalZ, Calgan.y Zoo [Me^t] Staff Exchange Eland/ia Aum, {jJoodtand Pa/ik Zoo Program Library Anne M. Payne, Vedyioit Zoo Exhibit Design Form V-iane FonMyth, AkAon Zoo Keeper Accommodations List OLioeJi Cta{^ley, MeXxo Toronto Zoo Keeper Training Videotapes iJJayne Buchanan, Woodtand Pa/ik Zoo Continuing Keeper Education PaX SammoAco, Lincoln Pajik Zoo Research/Grants Committee FAank KohnjKacZ Thompson, NZP Public Education Committee Jay Jou>an, Staten l6land Zoo AAZK History Committee Ant GoodAlch, San VZego Zoo - Melba ShtelcU, National Zoo {eai>t] Animal Data Transfer Forms BeAnle Feldman, BuAnet PoAk Zoo Membership Directory Pat SammoAco, Lincoln PoAk Zoo Diet Notebook Baett BannoA, South Flo Alda ChapteA Biological Values/Gestation LoAAy BAolnoAd, San FAonctsco Zoo Library Resources Kact Thompson, NZP Keeper Training Materials Identification Infant Development Notebook Beth Po^i^, Mtll Mountain Zoo Steven iJJtng, Milwaukee Zoo Reference Search Nominations & Elections Ltz McLaughlin, RogeA Wllltam^ PoAk Janet McCoy, Washington PoAk Zoo Zoo, Jenny Rent^Aou), Matron, MI CO-DIRECTORS REGIONAL COORDINATORS States East of the Mississippi - Vlane KAug, (ilhlte Oak Plantatcon, VuZee, FL States West of the Mississippi - VebbcAa StecheA, Woodland PoAk Zoo, Seattle, WA Individual Regional CooAdlnatoA6 and the i>tatQA> undeA thelA oveAJilght oAe Luted el^ewheAe In each lu^ue ol Animal KeepeAt' FoAum. I ¥2.cu(juAQ.d on tkAj> month’6 coueA ^ "HeAaal^” , a p^Q,hzyu>Al^-tcuZ^d g/izm tAzz sizlnk d/imon by G^m yo^hAjnuAa, a k^^peA at thd Honolulu Zoo In Honolulu, Hawadl. Agile, and ^tAeamllmd, Aklnk^ have smooth, ^hlny 6eale6 and voAy In eolon.atlon (^Kom dAab to bKllllant. The g/ieat majo/i- JXy oi -6lUnlu live In the tAople^ oi the Ea^teAn He/nlspheAe while a {^ew live In Hawaii and 17 i,pecle^ oAe native to the U.S. Thanks, Gwen! Scoops ^5^^^^Scuttlebutt 1986 AAZK MEMBERSHIP DIRECTORY IS IN THE MAIL The 1986 edition of the AAZK Membership Directory has been mailed to all Professional AAZK members whose membership was in good standing as of 27 June 1986. The Directory is sent free to all Professional members and is available to other AAZK membership categories for $3.50 per copy. It may be ordered by writing to Administrative Secretary, Barbara Manspeaker at National Headquarters. If you have questions, problems or suggestions about the Directory, please send them to: Directory Editor Pat Sammarco, Lincoln Park Zoo, 2200 N. Cannon Dr., Chicago, IL 60614. TWIN CITIES POST-CONFERENCE TOUR CANCELLED Due to lack of interest, a post-conference tour to the Minnesota Zoological Gardens at reduced rates will not be possible at this time. However, in- terested parties who would like to visit the Minnesota Zoo after the 1986 AAZK Conference (or anytime) are welcome. Please contact Susan Bunn at the Zoo, so that she may help make your visit a more pleasant one. There is limited housing available in staff homes. Hope to see you at the Con- ference or during a visit to MZG. SiU^an Bunn (612) 432-9010. ANIMAL DATA TRANSFER FORMS AVAILABLE TO INTERESTED ZOOS Project Goordinator Bernie Feldman wishes to remind all zoological parks and aquariums that they may obtain a free supply of ADT Forms by writing to him with their request at the following address: Bernie Feldman, Burnet Park Zoo, Box 146, Liverpool, NY 13088. These forms are provided to in- terested institutions gratis as a professional service of AAZK. CHERRY BROOK ZOO SEEKS MATERIALS FOR ATLANTIC NATIONAL EXHIBITION The Cherry Brook Zoo has again been invited to participate in the Atlantic National Exhibition in Saint John, New Brunswick. We found this a unique opportunity to educate the public. We do not wish to promote just Cherry Brook Zoo, but the whole idea of conservation, preservation and the inter- national link that all zoos, parks and aquariums have with one another and the natural environment. We have been donated a large building and call upon all interested parties to send any brochures, pamphlets, posters, handouts, educational materials, etc. We would be happy to pay any costs for postage and handling. We had approximately 20,000 people through the building last year and hope for even better success this year. We would greatly appreciate any mater- ial that is sent. BE REPRESENTED AT THE A.N.E. Send any inquiries or mateiral to: Lynda CollAln, VtA. Re^eoAeh development, CheAAy B^ook loo, R.R. ^ 1 , Sandy Point Road, Saint John, New BAun^wiek E2L 3W2 Canada. 197 SCOOPS AND SCUTTLEBUTT, ConUnuzd PR LIAISON NAMED BY AAZK BOARD Tim Kurkowski, a keeper at Zoo Atlanta, has been named Public Relations Liaison for AAZK under the oversight of the Public Education Committee and its chairman Jay Jasan, Staten Island Zoo. Currently, Tim has been assisting National in responding to individuals interested in careers in the zookeeping field. ATTENTION ALL AAZK CHAPTERS Dear Chapter Members: Recently I mentioned in the Animal Keepers* Forum February issue that one of my goals as AAZK President is to bring the local chapters into a closer working relationship with National. Of course, we are all aware of the advantages of forming a chapter within our individual zoological commun- ities, but often we lose sight of National's goals, especially if your chapter is so active that there is no time for anything else or almost dormant because now that you have finally organized a chapter you are unsure where to go from there. Every chapter should have a purpose or at least an idea of what direction they would eventually like to pursue. Some chapters are organized as an outlet for keepers to socialize, other chapters devote their meetings as a means to better educate the staff by offering workshops or guest speak- ers on a monthly basis. Ideally both approaches should be included when planning your regular meetings. Keep in mind that after you have planned your guest speakers and fund-raising events there is still a need for every chapter to turn its energies to National and its ongoing projects. Remember that your local chapter should be an extension of the National Association. Many times I have heard the AAZK organization referred to as the National Chapter. National Headquarters is not an individual chap- ter, but the nucleus of the organization. Without the National organiza- tion chapters would not exist, but, on the other hand, without chapters our membership would not be as strong as it is. Personal experience has taught me that an active chapter member can be almost totally oblivious to the mechanisms of the Association. Hopefully this year we can expand every AAZK member's knowledge of our organization by establishing a link between National and local levels. The Chapter Liaison will act as that link. At this time I would like all chapters to please appoint a chapter liaison within their own chapters. The elected chapter board may decide who shall fill that slot or the con- tact person can be selected by the chapter membership. The only qualification that this Chapter Liaison need have is the ability to communicate well. Their main responsibility after all would be sharing information from the National organization with their chapter membership. They must be willing to search for answers when they come up against dif- ficult questions from the chapter. This, of course, is accomplished through the aid of the Chapter Affairs Coordinator, Lee Payne. He will be available to anyone who requests information dealing with a particular project or procedure. If Lee is unable to find the solution to your prob- lem, he will then turn to the National Board for their assistance. This Chapter Liaison should remind the membership especially of all the recent news published in AKF . If a survey, questionnaire or request for infor- mation is required then the contact person should be prepared to collect the data from the membership and send it off to the proper collection site. This also pertains to the forms sent out by the various project heads collecting information for their notebooks which will eventually be (Continued on Page 205 ) 198 Births^ Hatchings During the month of April, the staff of the Small Mammal building at the Milwaukee County Zoo were honored with two significant births. Cuscus, a cat-sized marsupial from New Guinea were settling into their new home quite nicely. The staff was aware that one female had arrived from Seattle with a baby in its pouch. The second female was bred in Milwaukee. As of this writing, both parents and young are doing fine. The second event resulted from breeding in Milwaukee. The Tamandua pair on exhibit in the Small Mammal building were being watched for breeding. The pair were wild caught and were adjusting well to their exhibit. The staff had a strong feeling that the female had been impregnated though breeding was not seen. On 1 May, during the early morning hours. Zoo- keepers discovered a dead fetus. After tests were done, the diagnosis was stillbirth. Though the staff was disappointed at the death of the young, they were by no means discouraged. In fact, they were encouraged and will continue to watch the pair. CoJioZ. J. Boyd, ChaptOA . SecAeXaAf/ The Burnet Park Zoo in Syracuse, NY announces one unusual acquisition and one birth that never before occurred at this site. 2.0 twin Mountain goats were born to our 18-month-old female (1.0 DNS). Acquisitions in- cluded 0.0.2 Black Tip Shark and 0.0.1 White Tip Shark. f^cUiy Read, ChapteA BecJietaxy. Announcing the birth of a Dakar i! On 1 May, a uakari was born at the Los Angeles Zoo, the first birth in ten years for this species. Uakaries are South American monkeys from Peru, Columbia, and western Brazil, and are listed as endangered. There are approximately 15 monkeys in captivity worldwide, with seven of these animals housed at the L.A. Zoo. The new mother was the last birth in captivity, born at the Cheyenne Mountain Zoo. Baby and parents are doing well on display. GduX. BhiiYlOA, V^Limate KeepCA, A rare, two-week-old okapi went on exhibit on 3 June at the San Diego Wild Animal Park. The female okapi, named Kasai, was born at the Park on 22 May and had been secluded with her mother in an off-exhibit area since birth. Kasai, named after a town in Zaire, is the second offspring for her mother, Kengi, a 10-year-old on loan from Chicago's Brookfield Zoo. Kasai's father, Mokola, was born at the San Diego Zoo in 1973. Okapis are rare in captivity, with fewer than 80 animals in zoos around the world. The number of okapis living in the wild is unknown, as they are adept at hiding in the dense forests of their native Zaire. In fact, these shy animals were unknown to the scientific community intil 1901. -- SVliJAP Release. Significant births to note as part of the following institutions' conser- vation efforts include: the birth of 2.0 Scimitar-horned oryx at Busch Gardens/Tampa reported by Sandy Voth; and one Pere David's deer, 3 Snow leopards, 3 Black and White ruffed lemurs (2 DNS) and 1 Red-fronted lemur reported by Phil King of the Assiniboine Park Zoo in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. The past two months have been extremely eventful for the Topeka Zoological Park. We are proud to announce the births of 1.1 Asian Wild Horses at our Conservation and Propagation Center (CPC), an off-exhibit program of our zoo. There is currently a herd of ten horses (3.7) at CPC. The sire of the foals and former herd stallion was removed from the herd in prepara- 199 BIRTHS AND HATCHINGS, ConUnued tion for his transfer to San Diego. A new stallion was introduced to the herd two months prior to the expected foaling dates in hopes of dis- couraging possible infanticide by the new stallion. So far no problems have been seen between the stallion and the foals. TZP also maintains 2.0 Asian Wild Horses on exhibit. An additional young stallion (from the Bronx Zoo) will be introduced to the on-exhibit stallions creating a bachelor herd situation. Topeka Zoo presently has two breeding pairs of American Golden Eagles. The Alpha pair were the birds who produced the first golden eagles hatch- ed and raised in captivity. The Beta pair were both hatched and raised at TZP. The Alpha pair laid infertile eggs this year. The Beta pair laid one fertile and (what we thought were) two infertile eggs. The fertile egg was placed with the Alpha pair as they are proven parents. One infertile egg was left with the Beta pair as part of their learning process. On 3 May, 1986, the Alpha pair hatched their egg. On 7 May, the keeper discovered the Beta pair had hatched their egg. Both pairs were raising their eagle chicks. Unfortunately, neither hatchling sur- vived (the Alpha’s died of pneumonia; the Beta's was decapitated). This was not only a double loss for us but these hatchlings were both to have been part of a Golden Eagle release program in Salina, KS. It’s purpose is to re-establish Golden Eagles in the state of Kansas. TZP has already provided one eagle, presently at a Salina hacking station, for this con- servation effort. We are also pleased to announce the birth of 0.1 Two-toed Sloth (birth weight 510 grams) . This is the fourth sloth born in our Tropical Rain Forest exhibit. The sloths are free-ranging in this large, mixed- species environment. On 12 June our 11th Reticulated giraffe (a female named "Juni") was born after an 8^$ hour labor. At one day of age she weighed 157 lbs. and stood 69^ inches tall. News From Down Under - the AKF/AAZK office and headquarters is located above at TZP exhibit building which is currently housing three-year-old K’Bluey, a koala on loan from the San Diego Zoo. TZP is proud to be the smallest zoo and one of only three zoos this year to receive such a loan. K’Bluey and his "mother" (as one young visitor called San Diego Koala Keeper Elaine Chu) are both settling in well at Topeka. We here at Topeka are enjoying not only the opportunity to experience such a re- markable animal, but also the chance to exchange ideas and animal stories with Elaine. She arrived just in time to see ’’Juni" giraffe birth (a first for Elaine) . [Edilton.' 6 Note,: Thanks to alt who kavz C-OYitAtbatdd BSH thu month, eA- pdctalty tn oun. nm {^oHmat. We need to hojon. lK.om mo^n o^ you. RmmboA ^tgnt{,tcant t6 tn "the, e^e o{) the. be.hotdeA" . Vlexu^e, 6ubmtt alt BSH tn- {^onmatton tn thti ne.w ^oamat, (J4e tht^ month' 6 B6H oi an example., — Altcc MtseA, Executtve. Edttoa, Keeper's Alert National AAZK is pleased to announce that a new home have been found for the AAZK Logo T-Shirt Project. This project is being taken over by the Little Rock AAZK Chapter. Watch next month's AKF for details on ordering this popular item. 200 FROM THE PRESIDENT Dear AAZK Members, On behalf of the AAZK Board of Directors and the entire membership, I would like to congratulate the Columbus AAZK Chapter for the excellent job they did with the 1986 AAZK Great Lakes Regional Conference. For many months the Columbus Chapter diligently strived to make this one of the best AAZK regionals in the Association's history and by all the complimentary remarks I have reard recently, I do believe they have succeeded. The conference was held at the Columbus Zoo from 4-7 May. Some of the speical events planned included a Zoo Olympics and having Dr. Betsy Dresser as their keynote speaker. Dr. Dresser is Head of Research for the Consortium of the Cincinnati Zoo, King’s Island Wild Animal Park and the University of Cincinnati School of Medicine. Her specialty is reproductive biology with intense research in embryo transplants. The Zoo Olympics was planned for 4 May from noon until 5 p.m. There was a series of five games based on aspects of the zookeeping profession. The Zoo Olympics was used as a fund- raising endeavor with 50% of the proceeds to be sent to National AAZK Keepers' Training Program. The remaining 50% of the profits will be placed in the Columbus AAZK Chapter treasury. We should all be proud of the Colum- bus AAZK Chapter for displaying the very essence for which the Association stands - professionalism, exchange of information, dedication to all life with which we have daily contact, and striving to improve conditions for the plant and animal life we care for. I would also like to take this opportunity to remind the membership that the 12th Annual AAZK National Conference is drawing very near. This year the conference will be hosted by the Assiniboine Park Zoo Keepers in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada from 28 September to 2 October. Many special events have been planned this year so please give them your support by sending them photos from past conferences for their new project. The Conference Photo Album. There is also a Photo Contest planned which will be judged by renowned Canadian wildlife photographer, Robert Taylor, who will also be presenting a Photo- graphy Workshop during the conference. This year's theme for paper presenta- tions is "Animal Integrity in Captivity" and the deadline for abstract sub- mission is 15 July. Of course, there are many exciting field trips being planned which include a visit to Oak Hammock and a post-conference tour of Churchhill - Land of the Polar Bear. Please refer back to your past issues of AKF to refresh your memory on all the upcoming events concerning the 1986 National Conference. The Assiniboine Keepers have gone out of their way to make available to you a variety of discounts offered on airlines, car rentals and hotel rooms, so please take advantage of these. I would also like to thank Mark DeDenus and Darryl Wiebe for keeping the membership in stitches with their very creative comic strip. I do believe you have a large portion of AAZK members ripping through their AKF when it first arrives, not for tidbits of animal informa- tion, but for the most recent adventures of the Assiniboine Conference Com- mittee. Conference time also offers zoo keepers the opportunity to pat a fellow peer or institution on the back for outstanding accomplishments through the AAZK Awards Committee. Be sure to contact Rachel Rogers in Miami if you would like to add someone you know to her list. Of course if any additional information is needed concerning the Winnipeg conference, please contact Bob Debets. This is sure to be one of AAZK's most exciting conferences. Obviously, the 201 FROM THE PRESIDENT, ConUnued Assiniboine Keepers are working very hard for it to be an event that will not be easily forgotten. The Association is very greatful for dedicated, hard-working individuals like the staff in Winnipeg. Demonstrate your support and appreciation by attending the AAZK National Conference this Fall. Jean Hromadka AAZK President 1986 's CAPTIVE-BRED EAGLES TO SOAR IN FOUR STATES Three young bald eagles destined for new homes in Tennessee got an offic- ial send-off in early June from Interior Secretary Don Hodel near Chesa- peake Bay, where the National Symbol is flourishing. The three birds are among the most recent graduates of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service’s Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, where eagle chicks are produced at a captive breeding facility supported by continuing dona- tions from the Du Pont Company. The purpose of the program is to restore bald eagles in states where their populations remain low. A total of eight eaglets form this year’s class, and they are headed for release sites in North Carolina, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and west Tennessee’s ’’Land Between the Lakes" region. Hodel brought the trio to Remington Farms, a Du Pont-managed wildlife demonstration area near Chestertown, MD, where an active eagle nest hold- ing two fledgling bald eagles is located. Nearby, on private property, another eagle pair has produced four young this season. Biologists be- lieve this nest is one of the few instances in the lower 48 states where so many chicks have been hatched at one time. Du Pont Chairman Richard E. Heckert announced that the company will con- tribute an additional $50,000 to the Patuxent program in 1986, bringing to $200,000 the total Du Pont has contributed to bald eagle recovery since 1983. Du Pont funds have allowed the Patuxent facility, near Laurel, MD, to boost its total number of breeding bald eagle pairs from eight in 1982 to 15 in 1986. Last year, 15 eaglets were produced for return to the wild in seven states. The Chesapeake Bay region, which includes sections of Maryland, Virginia and Delaware, held 90 successful bald eagle nests in 1985 that produced 163 young, according to surveys by the National Wildlife Federation’s Institute for Wildlife Research. By comparison, in 1977 there were only 40 successful nests in the area, producing 63 young. Biologists credit the increase to continuing bald eagle restocking efforts throughout the Mid-Atlantic region, the Bay’s abundant food supply, and secure eagle wintering areas like Remington Farms. The disruption of the species’ natural reproduction by now-banned harmful pesticides such as DDT is also diminishing . The bald eagle is listed as a Federal "endangered" or "threatened" species through the lower 48 states. Nearly 6,000 bald eagles, including about 1500 breeding pairs, are estimated to live in the lower 48 year-round. 202 Coming Events THE SOCIETY FOR THE STUDY OF AMPHIBIANS & REPTILES/ HERPETOLOGISTS LEAGUE JOINT ANNUAL MEETING August 10-15, 1986 Springfield, MO Held at Southwest Missouri State University. For more information, contact Robert Wilkinson, Life Sciences Department, SMU, Springfield, MO 65802. THE 1986 AAZPA ANNUAL CONFERENCE Sept. 14-19, 1986 Apple Valley, MN Hosted by the Minnesota Zoological Garden. For more information, contact Dave Bender, Minnesota Zoological Garden, 12101 Johnny Gake Ridge Road, Apple Valley, MN 55124 (612) 432-9010. THE SEVENTH ELEPHANT MANAGEMENT WORKSHOP Sept. 25-27, 1986 Calgary, Alberta, Canada Hosted by the Calgary Zoological Society. For more information contact: Ggreg Tarry, Calgary Zoological Society, P.O. Box 3036, Stn. B., Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2M 4R8. 1986 AAZK NATIONAL CONFERENCE Sept. 28-Oct. 2, 1986 Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada Hosted by the Assiniboine Park Zookeepers’ Association. The conference theme is "Animal Integrity in Captivity". For more information see inserts in this issue of AKF or contact Bob Debets, Assiniboine Park Zoo, 2355 Corydon Ave,, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3P 0R5. "THE ZOO-UNIVERSITY CONNECTION: COLLABORATIVE EFFORTS IN THE CONSERVATION OF ENDANGERED PRIMATES" Oct. 15-17, 1986 Madison, WI Co-sponsored by the Wisconsin Regional Primate Research Center and the Milwaukee County Zoo. Topics to be discussed include reproductive biology, primate medicine, behavior, conservation, public awareness programs and exhibit design. Enrollment limited. Deadline for registration is 1 Sept. Contact: Ann Savage, Directors Office, Wisconsin Regional Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, 1223 Capitol Ct., Madison, WI 53715-1299. THE SECOND INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BREEDING BIRDS IN CAPTIVITY Feb. 11-15, 1986 Universal City, CA Honoring Jean Delacour, the symposium will be hosted by the International Foundation for the Conservation of Birds. To be held at the Sheraton Premier, Universal City, CA. For further information, contact: I.F.C.B., 11300 Weddington St., North Hollywood, CA 91601 (818) 980-9818. STAFF EXCHANGE: Where It Came From^ Where It Is. and Where It^s Going By ElandUbOi Aum, Ke.^pe/L Woodland PoAk Zoological. GoAdcn^ Seattle, WA In 1982, I had the idea that exchanging staff among captive wildlife institutions might be a useful on-the-job training tool. Several keepers at Woodland Park Zoological Gardens proposed the idea to AAZK through the Keeper Education Com- mittee, then got together and sent a questionnaire to North American zoos, wild animal parks, and aquariums, using the AAZPA Directory as a mailing list (with permission from AAZPA’s Director). The response showed a lot of interest, and so the Staff Ex- change Team was formed. We first compiled a list of those places whose administrators were ready and willing to advertise themselves as interested in exchanging. Now included in the information on this registration list is whom to write at each institution, what area(s) of expertise or specialization are part of each, and any other information the contact persons felt it appropriate to include. The registration list now comprises some 52 institutions of diverse sizes and types. The Team has come up with several other documents: 1. "Suggestions for Conducting a Staff Exchange Program", aimed at administrators and containing general principles this team felt would provide a framework for individual programs; 2. "Participant Responsibility In an Exchange", which articulates standards to which those doing an exchange should adhere; 3. "Writing an Exchange Proposal", which gives general information about what to include in one's proposal, and implicitly, an idea of some of the contingencies to consier in contemplating such a project; 4. Statement of Purpose, which verbalizes the ground of being, purpose, and goal of the Staff Exchange Team. Staff Exchange updates, and short paragraphs reminding everyone that this service is available, regularly appear in AKF and AAZPA Newsletter. Each publication elicits a few inquiries. Team members and representatives attend as many conferences as possible, to make personal contact with delegates from other instititions , to in- troduce exchanging to them, and to give information and the opportunity to register. Exchanging can now be considered to be established in North America, though efforts continue to inform and enroll more zoo staff and to expand the 204 CONTINUING KEEPER EDUCATION COLUMN: STAFF EXCHANGE UPDATE, ConXlnuzd network. The Association of Zoo Horticulturists and International Zoo Educators are adapting the idea for their use. There has been some ex- change activity with two of the five zoos in Australia. Private wildlife- education institutions have begun to get interested in the program. As for future plans, the Association of British Wild Animal Keepers (ABWAK) has an established network, with which North American staff can link up. There are two keepers in Holland who are working on getting exchanging established in their country. The team has received inquiries from the Middle East and Central America. Woodland Park Zoological Gardens, my home zoo, has started exchanging personnel with our Chinese sister city, Chong-jing, for observational tours; we hope to take advantage of this beginning to get working exchanges in the next couple of years. Recently we surveyed registered institutions to find out how much, and what kind of, exchanging is going on. Response has been good, and we will have results published in a future issue of Animal Keepers* Forum. When the Staff Exchange Team first formed, the founders had the intention to provide information and assistance, and not to govern. We therefore kept the guidelines we published as loose as possible. From the kinds of questions asked by people writing to inquire about exchanging, it seems that maybe some folks would like more specific information about how to go about producing an exchange. If you are in that boat and would be more likely to do an exchange if you had more specific information, please drop a line to the address below. If enough people are interested, we can have an article or series of artic- les on the how-to's of exchanging in the "Continuing Keeper Education" column. ElancUia Aim, Exchange Team Leaden, luloodland PoAk Zoologacat Ganden^ 5500 Pklnney Avenue NonTk Smttte, WA 9SI03 ATTENTION ALL CHAPTERS — Continued ^Aom Page 19S published by the Association and offered to the membership upon comple- tion. The Chapter Liaison will be sent an information packet which will include facts about the organization along with applications, career brochures and a detailed list of all the projects and committees. Through the presence of a Chapter Liaison hopefully stronger ties between the National and local chapter members will develop. Lack of communica- tion, fear of the unknown has always kept AAZK members from getting truly involved with the Association on a National level. Remember you make up the AAZK organization. Once some of these mysteries dissipate, I am confident that we will not only attract more keepers into the organiza- tion, but find ourselves with a more productive, better informed AAZK membership. J^jccn HAomadka, AAZK PAQJ>tdent 205 REPORT ON AAZK EFFORTS AT 1986 NORTHEAST AAZPA REGIONAL by Jay Ja^an, CkoAJman AAZK Pubtia EduaaJxon CommJXt2.Q. The 1986 Northeast Regional AAZPA Conference was hosted by the Mystic Marinelife Aquarium in Mystic, CT from May 4-6. In an effort to represent AAZK at the conference, I requested space for brochure distribution and was given room on a table during a "Special Interest Session" in the even- ing. Armed with a variety of brochures and samples of Animal Keepers* Forum, Zoonoses Reference Guide, and Biological Values for Selected Mammals, as well as our zoo's copy of the Feeds & Feeding video tape, I attended the evening sessions. At the end of the formal paper presentations, I request- ed the use of the VCR that was on hand, announced that I would show the tape to anyone interested, and to my surprise, about 3/4 of those in atten- dance at that session remained to view the tape. Although the session moderator announced that AAZK materials were available at the table in the hall, very little material was taken. After leaving the session, I noticed ample space on a table next to AAZPA materials in the main foyer of the hotel, so I placed my left-over material there. Again to my surprise, virtually all of the material I placed on the table was taken by the delegates before the conclusion of the conference. This in- cluded "Zookeeping As A Career" brochures, the AAZK membership brochure, complimentary AKF ' s and order forms for Biological Values and the Zoonoses Guide. All in all, I felt that the aquarium staff were generally not familiar with AAZK, its purposes, or extent of membership. However, the aquarium staff was very helpful in my efforts to represent AAZK. There is obviously in- terest in AAZK by the conference delegates as virtually all the material was taken. Planning further in advance may have resulted in more time and space devoted to publicizing our organization's work. (EcLutoa^ ^ note,: The, A^^ocMution Mt6he,6 to thank Jay ^oa hat e^Honjtt on ouA behat(^ at the, Nontke.att Re.gtonal AAZPA Con^eA^na^. you plan to atte.nd any zoo-Aetate.d con^eAe.ncet and mold tike, to help Ae.pAete.nt AAZK by cUttAlbuting mateAlalt, etc,, plcatc contact the Regional CooAdtnatoA ioA youA oAea oA eitheA oi the Co-ViAectoAt ioA the RC System, ) SPECIAL NOTICE ON ELECTION ^87 It was erroneously reported in the June issue of AKF^ page 182, that there were two Board of Directors seats up for election in 1987. In fact^ there are three seats up for this election - those currently held by Jean Hromadka^ Frank Kohn and Oliver Claffey (who is currently completing the unexpired term of former Board member Mike Carpenter). Therefore^ the NEC will be accepting nominations for three Board Member positions for the 1987 election. Duties of the Board of Directors. Qualifications for Nomination; and the Nomination Procedure are fully explained in the June AKF. Also accompanying these explanations is a pull-out tan insert with the necessary nomination/nominee forms, closing date for receipt of nominations and the address of where to send the completed forms, 206 Quality exotic animal diets Fixed formuiation Nutritionaliy balanced Economical Frozen feline diets Frozen bird of prey diets Frozen canine diet Chunk and chopped horsemeat, hearts, livers, rib, shank, and knuckle bones Feline canned Omnivore dry ' Primate canned Primate dry Marmoset canned Banana flavored primate, 1 5% protein Banana flavored primate Pro-Plus, 25% SPECTRUM protein Omnivore dry Polar Bear dry Ratite dry Hoofstock supplement, with Selenium When you need a complete line of high-quality dry, canned, and frozen animal diets foryour feeding program, call Animal Spectrum today. WEE CO CALL DOES IT ALL. In Nebraska, call collect 402/488-6492. ifc; Animal SPECTRUM Inc. Box 6307 Lincoln, NE 68506-0307 Conference WINNIPEG • MANITOBA • CANADA FINAL CALL TOR PAPERS The theme for the 1986 A.A.Z.K. Conference is ‘Animal Integrity in Captivity ' . Animals in the wild have a quality or condition that can be observed and described. To what degree are the animals we keep in captivity similar to their wild relatives? How do we attenpt to retain or reinforce natural behaviour or condition? \'^at problems have we encountered or will we encounter in the future in our attempt to keep wild animals in captivity? The captive condition viewed through various topics such as exhibit design, diet, group management, breeding and rearing techniques, be- haviour and others can be studied and discussed in the paper sessions and help us understand the circumstances of captive wildlife. Papers will be limited to 20 minutes followed by a 5 minute period for discussion. An outline or abstract must be submitted by July 15/ 1986. Please send outline, name of presenter, zoo or organization affiliation, presenter's position or title, title of paper and equip- ment needed to: Papers Committee, Conference '86, Assiniboine Park Zoo, 2799 Roblin Blvd. Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3R OB 8 onfezreznce: RONICLES riARK DE. DE.NUS IMEiE VIINtER ZOOtYMPICS ARE AN INTERESTING VARIATION AS A CONPERENCE AtTiVlTy. Yes. l WAS REAUY interested IN PARTICIPATING WHEN 1 READ -tMEWRlTE-UP IN A.K.F. 208 THE SEOOND ANMML ZOQL5fMPICS The Zoolynpics which started last year at Miami Metrozoo will be continued in Winnipeg as an annual event during AAZK national confer- ences. In the tradition set by Miami, the Zoolynpics will be a tri- athlon that will allow keepers to show off their skills in the various events. The three events will be a test for all keepers and, perhaps, especially so for those who come from southern regions as the games in Winnipeg will, officially, be known as the 'Winter Zoolynpics'!! All athletes will be required to wear standard Winnipeg winter clothes during the conpetition (clothing will be supplied) . The teams will be made up of four persons (2.2) . One event will be a test of balance, with the team members stacking up 6 bales of straw on a wheelbarrow and trying to have the fastest time for moving the shipnent from start to finish. The next event called Tools of the Trade involves the athletes in a timed relay race. Each member has to pick up different tools at points around the course and then hand them to the next athlete who continues the circuit. The third event of speed and restraint has team members filling 2 buckets with water and enptying them into a large tank. Teams will run side by side and the judges have decided that any water thrown at the opposition will constitute a penalty. First, second and third place teams will recieve medals for their achievements. Last place team will recieve an item that no zookeeper can be without. Please indicate on your mail-in Conference Registration form if you wish to participate in Zoolynpics. Teams will be arranged when you arrive . 209 SMdffiL TnWlllWf'iQW This year we would like to start a new project called the ' 00NFERE3SICE PHOTO ALBUM' . The new (and renewed) friendships that are made with each yearly gathering are lasting benefits of each and every confer- ence. We hope to preserve and share these encounters by starting a photo album vdiich will be displayed at every conference, starting in Winnipeg. The faces, places, memorable moments, in fact, the history of the past twelve years of AAZK Conferences will be displayed in the Hospitality RxDm and at the end of the Conference week, the album will be taken home by next year's host chapter. Criteria for photos Faces (with I.D. info. - names, zoo affiliation, year, etc.) Hospitality Rx)m photos Banquet photos Group Shots Memorable Shots Please send info, on the back of each photo. We expect response to our request could be very great, so we ask you to do one of two things: 1) preferably, organize your photos through a chapter committee at your zoo (sort and choose the best of the bunch; organize by year) ; or 2) send in your own photos individually, but remember we are restrict- ed to the number of photos we can use. PHOTOS WILL NOT BE RETUPNED. Size: 3h x 5" preferred, but any size is okay; black/white; color; no slides! SEND TO: Conference '86, Photos, 2799 Roblin Blvd. , Winnipeg, Manitoba Canada, R3R OB 8 Attention: Harold Masters If you are interested in special information in regard to the '86 Conference, look to these back issues of AKF for help: Theme/Papers - Jan., Feb., Mar., May and July issues Photo Contest - Jan. , T^ril and July Photo Album - Mar . , July Winnipeg/Zoo Info . - Feb . , June Air Travel - Mar . , May and June Car Rental - May conference Registration - Mar. to July Hotel Registration and Information - Feb. to July Churchill Post-Conference Trip - Mar. to June Oak Hammock Marsh - ^pril Please write to us if you have any specific needs or questions. Our address: Conference '86, Assiniboine Park Zoo, 2799 Roblin Blvd., Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3R OB 8 210 TEOTATIVE PKDGRAM FOR CONFERENCE ' 86 Saturday, September 27 Sunday, Septan±)er 28 Monday, September 29 Tuesday, September 30 Wednesday, October 1 Thursday, October 2 Friday, October 3 Board of Directors Meeting Board of Directors Meeting, Registration, Ice Breaker Paper Presentations, Free Evening Photography Workshop, Zoo Tour (Assiniboine Park Zoo) , Lunch, Workshop, Chinese Auction Oak Hammock Marsh Tour, Lunch, Workshop, Zoolympics Paper Presentations, General Meeting, Banquet/Auction Post-Conference Trip for Churchill, Manitoba FINAL OPPORTUNITY FOR FREE ACCOMODATION Delegates v^o send in Hotel Reservations and Conference Registration Fees prior to August 1, 1986 will be entered into our "EARLY BIRD" draw for conplimentary room accomodation for your stay during the Conference (maxiirrum 6 nights) . Rgnember; send your hotel reservations directly to the Sheraton Winnipeg, 161 Donald Street, Winnipeg, Man., Canada R3C 1M3, Attn. Reservations. Please send Conference Registrations to: Peter Elliott, Registration Co-ordinator, 2799 Roblin Blvd. , Winnipeg, Man., Canada R3R OB 8. Hotel reservations received after Sept. 1, 1986 will be on a space available basis. 211 CONFERENCE '86 PHOTO CONTEST We are pleased to announce the PHOTO CONTEST for Conference '86. It will be judged by renowned Canadian wildlife photographer, Robert Taylor, who will also be presenting a Photography Workshop during the Conference. Criteria for the contest are as follows: - 2 areas of judging: slides and prints - you may enter a limit of 2 pictures in each category (ie. maximum of 4 pictures) - pictures in the print category must be 8" x 10" since we wish to display all prints at the Conference, and the maximum of 2 prints per entry is not too cost prohibitive to entrants - the slides will also be displayed at the Conference - the contest is open to all Conference delegates - there will be prizes awarded and all entries will be returned - all entries must pertain to wildlife, but not necessarily Zoo - all entries may be turned in as you register at the Conference on September 28 When you mail in your Conference Registration Form and Conference Fee could you please indicate on the back of the form the following info- rmation: Participating in Photo Contest No. of prints No. of slides This will help us make arrangements for display purposes. ZOOKEEPER TRAINING WORKSHOP - CONFERENCE ' 86 During the Conference we will be presenting a workshop on Keeper Training. We would like to discuss formal training (structured, class- room style, management/keeper courses) as well as informal training (on-the-job, hands-on keeper/keeper training) . Part of the workshop will involve communication methods; how is training achieved at your zoo (monthly staff meetings, A.A.Z.K. chapter meetings); how is train- ing updated; how is it current and relevant; do you use videos; do you have reference notebooks or procedure guides in each zoo section or animal area; do they work? If your zoo has been involved in a keeper training program or is currently working on one, we would appreciate you bring any materials you have v\iiich could be shared at the workshop. Materials such as procedure guides, training manuals, training videos, charts or inform- ation boards for animal areas; anything and everything you feel might be useful. The workshop itself will be, generally, an informal, round-table discussion by keepers viio have material and information to offer. We hope the workshop will generate a lot of ideas and methods and, at least provide a direction for planning a training program, or improving an existing one, at your zoo. Conference delegates who are planning a vacation as part of their Winnipeg Conference agenda are encouraged to write to: TRAVEL MANITOBA for brochures and information. The address is 7-155 Carlton Street, Winnipeg, Man. Canada R3C 0V8. TRAVEL NIANITOBA ♦ WELCOME TO MANITOBA, CANADA 212 Conference 1986 A.A.Z.K. NATIONAL QONFERENCE REGISTRATION FORM Sept. 28 - Oct. 2, 1986 Please type or print. (One name per form) Return this form with your fee to: Peter Elliott Registration Co-ordinator 2799 Roblin Blvd. Winnipeg, Manitoba CANADA R3R 0B8 Please make payment to: Assiniboine Park ZooKeepers Association (Money order or bank draft preferred) . NOTE: the deadline for pre-registration is Aug. 15, 1986. 1986 REGISTRATION NAME ADDRESS CITY STATE/PROV. ZIP/POSTAL CODE PHONE # ( ) ZOO AFFILIATION IF APPLICABLE AREA OF INTEREST VEGETARIAN YES NO Specify: lacto, ovo, vegan, macrobiotic, kosher PARTICIPATING IN ZOOLYMPICS YES NO ^^LL BE SUBMITTING A PAPER YES NO ($20.00 will be refunded on acceptance of paper) BRINGING AN AUCTION ITEM: describe briefly ARE YOU INTERESTED IN A CONFERENCE T-SHIRT: YES NO S M L XL A.A.Z.K. MEMBERSHIP STATUS AND FEES MEMBER OR SPOUSE NON-MEMBER LATE FEE TOTAL FEES ENCLOSED ONE DAY RATES FOR INDIVIDUZU:. CONFERENCE EVENTS ARE AVAILABLE. CONTACT PETER ELLIOTT FOR DETAILS. $55.00 each (U.S.) $70.00 each (U.S.) $10.00 (after Aug. 15) $ ARRIVAL BY (car, plane, etc.) (let us know if you need pick-\p assistance; forward us your arrival date, time and place) . AAZK STICKERS! 1 1 Not only do we have the return of the popular 2"x3" sticker, we are also introducing a handy l"xU" sticker. DON'T WAIT - ORDER TODAY! Proceeds go toward AAZK (National) and the Appalachian Chapter of AAZK. Prices are: $1.50 for 2"x3" stickers, 75(t for r'xli" stickers. Order more than one - they will be turning up everywhere! Order from: AAZK STICKERS c/o Rosemary Jalink Mill Mountain Zoo P.O. Box 13484 Roanoke, VA 24034 Make checks payable to "AAZK Appalachian Chapter" AAZK STICKER ORDER FORM Please send 2"x3" stickers at $1.50 each l"xU" stickers at 75(t each TOTAL ENCLOSED NAME ADDRESS CITY STATE ZIP Please allow 2-3 weeks for delivery. Send to: AAZK Stickers, c/o Rosemary Jalink, Mill Mountain Zoo, P.O. Box 13484, Roanoke, VA 24034. 213 MEET THE AAZK BOARD OF DIRECTORS - Jean Hromadka [EdLiton.’^ note.: Tku> month be.gtn^ a ^tve-poAt ^oAteA tntAoduaAjng the. mem- beAAklp to the itve. IndtvldujjJU, Mho make, up the. AAZK BooAd ol VtAe.(ito^, It ti> theAe. dedlciate.d Ke.zpeAA who keep the A.6-6octatton mnnlng, make the decAAtonA whteh a^ecX. AAZK' A ^utuAe eou/ue oi aetton and woAk to pn.omote the tmage oi pn.oie.i6 to noLum wtthtn the zootogtcaZ communtty. ) Keepers are rising above an old image problem according to AAZK Board member and current President Jean Hromadka. "Keepers are far more than just dung shovelers, says Jean, "We have a new sense of pride. We make a valuable contribution. In fact, keepers are the most important part of the zoo world. For years keepers have been treated as farm hands rather than professionals with an important perspective. Today we are earning more respect as the frontline advocates for the animals' health and well- being." Jean began her career as a zookeeper when she was 18 years old at Marine World/ Africa USA in Redwood City, CA. In 1975, after working as a volun- teer for six weeks, she was hired as a full-time keeper at the San Jose Zoo. While at San Jose she worked with a wide range of animals from elephants to squirrel monkeys. During her stint at San Jose, Jean lived on the zoo grounds and served a both night keeper and night security. While there she raised a variety of infant exotics including serving as a surrogate mother to a white rhino. In 1978, Jean moved to the Cincinnati Zoological Gardens as that institu- tion's Veldt keeper. Her duties there included the care and maintenance of a wide variety of hoof stock including antelope, zebra and rhino. As she had also done while at San Jose, Jean continued her educational work by giving tours, programs and demonstrations for the visiting zoo patrons. In 1980 Jean took as position at Miami Metrozoo. She worked for a year as hoof stock keeper in the quarantine facility before being placed in the elephant department. There she was responsible for the handling and train- ing of seven elephants; two breeding Asians with the first successful male offspring, a 28-year-old Asian cow, two eight-year-old African females, and one two-year-old male African brought from the wild. Again, Jean participated in educational programs for the public in addition to her duties as trainer and keeper for the herd. In 1983 Jean moved to the San Diego Wild Animal Park where she is current- ly employed. The first year and a half she worked with African elephants and is now working with Asian elephants. Jean is involved in all aspects of elephant care at the Park ranging from daily maintenance to working the animals in public exhibitions daily. Jean graduated from Fort Walton Beach High School, Fort Walton Beach, FL and has continued to work towards her degree in zoology during the course of her 12-year zookeeping career. Her involvement with AAZK began in 1974 when she joined the fledgling organization. After attending the 1980 National Conference in Montgomery, AL, her enthusiasm and involvement in AAZK really took off. After return- ing from the conference, Jean started the South Florida Chapter in January 1981 and led that Chapter to become involved in many projects, both local and nationl. In 1985, the South Florida AAZK Chapter hosted the National AAZK Conference and the Chapter is currently the project coordinators for the AAZK Diet Notebook. 214 MEET THE AAZK BOARD OF DIRECTORS - Jean Hromadka, CoYiUvuxzd Of AAZK Jean says* "I have grown personally as a result of my involvement with AAZK, especially in developing communication and writing skills, and ultimately I am a better professional." Jean feels that AAZK can offer those who choose to participate a chance to channel and develop their talents and be available for opportunities that may present themselves. During her term as President of AAZK, Jean has one goal that is of primary interest to her. She would like to see the local chapters become more involved in the National AAZK projects and create stronger ties with the National (parent) organization. She’s hoping to accomplish this goal by having each local chapter appoint a member to act as an active, direct link to National, keeping local chapters involved in National projects and thereby giving rise to a more unified organization. Jean will continue to serve on the AAZK Board of Directors and as AAZK President through 1987. Routine, ^oot coAe. among Jmn HAomadka' a AeAponAibilttLeA oa an etephant fe.e.epeA. at the. San Viego Wttd Animal PoAk^ EAcondido^ CA. (Photo aouAteAg oi the, loologiaal Society oi San Vicgo/Ken Kelley, PhotogAapheA.) 215 MANAGING A COLONY OF VICTORIAN KOALA AT THE LOS ANGELES ZOO By Von Rlohojidfion, Lmd K^epeA. Lo6 knydioM loo, Lo-6 Angete^, CA The story of the koala ( PhcU)C.oZcULcXo6 CA.nCAA,lL6 ) shares a common history with many of the world's threatened or endangered wildlife. Subjected to the pressure of disease, hunting and the rapidly disappearing habitat, the koala has in some way managed to survive the plight of animals like the Tasmanian Tiger. The koala appears to have originated from a bandicoot-like ancestor some 15 millions years ago. By the time European settlements were established in 1830, only scant sightings were recorded in the dense eucalyptus foilage of eastern Australia. The koala, a slow moving animal, presented an easy target for the local natives who reportedly ate koalas. With the decline of the aboriginal population, the koala numbers increased to thousands by the 1860's, but the increase in population was short lived. From the early 1890 's to the early twentieth century the koala was hunted extensively for the fur trade. During the Queensland open season in 1927, 10,000 licensed hunters exported 600,000 skins. The South Australian population became extinct due to the hunting, pneumonia, opthalmic disease and the destruc- tion of their habitat by brush fires. In the 1920 's the Victorian popula- tion was estimated to be at its lowest point of 500 to 1,000 animals. Today, due to the diligent efforts of the Australian government and biolo- gists, the koala has rebounded and more attention is now being given to researching and managing the existing populations. In March 1982, the Los Angeles Zoo embarked on a difficult mission to es- tablish the first colony of Victorian koala outside the Australian contin- ent. Discussed herein are the husbandry and management techniques which have led to the successful birth of our second generation of koalas. While research into what makes the koala tick is in the infant stage, husbandry also in a field of discovery and innovation. The careful observation of each animal in the group, minimizing stressful situations, providing a quality diet and maintaining each animal in good health is a difficult task for a keeper. The keeper must have a sensitivity and an understand- ing for this delicate marsupial. ENCLOSURE Much has been written on the Ahmanson Koala House, so I will present gen- eral design aspects which are pertinent to the husbandry. The koalas are housed in a specially built indoor facility measuring 92 by 38 feet deep and has a height extension of 30 feet. To provide the koalas with a nich similar to their native Australian forest, 22 life- sized eucaluptus trees of various species, height and limb structure were cut and placed in the exhibit in a forest-like layout. Trees closest to the public viewing area are interconnected with horizontal perches to al- low the koalas easy access from tree to tree. These perches are at eye level with the public viewing area for enhanced visibility. Smooth barked trees were chosen in preference to rough barked trees to eliminate deposits 216 HOTEL RESERmTION REQUEST AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF ZOOKEEPERS NATIONAL CONFERENCE Sept. 28 - Oct. 2 Please check desired room type and rate - if room type is not available at rate requested^ reservation will be made at nearest available rate. Itooms are held until 4:00 p.m, of arrival date. Credit card guarantee or deposit is advisable. All prices quoted are in Canadian funds. There is a 6% sales tax. teom Type (please check) : Single queen room - $65.00 single^ $70.00 double. Room has one qu^n size bed^ smaller in sq. footage (280 sq.ft) and room type does not have a balcony. King room - $70,00 single^ $75.00 doiiDle. Itoom has one king-size bed - total square footage is 504 ft. Itoom features a conversation area and balcony. ______ Queen/Queen room - $75.00 single^ $80.00 double, triple or quad. Rx3m has two queen-size beds. Total square foot- age is 504 ft. Room features a conversation area and balcony. Please check: 1. _______ Guarant^d reservation (arrival after 4:00 p.m.) tequires: Credit Card name Credit Card nunber E^iry date or Deposit (One night's stay) 2. _____ 4:00 p.m. arrival or prior If no arrival tiine is indicated, rooms will be held only until 4 pm. Naite Address Prov/State Postal Code/ Zip ^rival Date ______ Departure Date ______ Hour ano/pm. Send this complete form to: Sheraton Winnipeg, 161 Donald Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3C 1M3 Attn. Reservations. Sharing with City MANAGING A COLONY OF VICTORIAN KOALA AT THE L.A. ZOO, Contiyiazd of fecal matter and buildup of mold. The ground is a decomposed substrate with chainlink buried three feet underground to prevent burrowing animals from digging out. Original thoughts were to possibly house a Common Wombat which was in our collection. It was later decided this would create too much damage to the exhibit. Koalas have been observed to eat dirt as an aid in digestion. This phenomenon has not been observed in our group. An esthetic meandering stream flows from one end of the exhibit and empt- ies at the opposite end in a shallow six-inch pool. The stream serves a dual purpose. It is pleasing to view from the patron area, but the stream sounds also deaden the noise created by the high crowd numbers, alleviat- ing stress on the koalas. The exhibit is fully climate-controlled and has reversed lighting which is controlled by five (5) timers. Three timers control the koala’s daylight. This portion of the 24-hour cycle is not normally viewed by the public. Artificial daylight is produced by twelve (12) 150-watt sodium vapor lights in the ceiling of the exhibit and eight (8) mercury vapor lights mounted in recesses in the exhibit wall. Koalas are crepuscular mammals so most of their activity occurs at dawn and dusk. The remaining activity occurs primarily during the nighttime. The lights for public viewing time simulate moonlight and are produced by 56 150-watt blue spotbulbs controlled by a single timer. The final timer controls a white light to the back wall of the exhibit which has been added to enhance public viewing of the kolas. This light is turned off at closing time. Temperature in the enclosure is kept between 60°-78®F by a single air con- ditioner and heater. Slight changes in temperature are made manually to correspond with seasonal variations. Humidity is kept at 70-80% by hosing the exhibit when necessary. Finally, the koalas share the exhibit with three other mammals species. Activity is created on the exhibit floor by Long-nosed Potoroos ( VotO^OLi, a.pi.c,aljJ) } and Spiny Anteaters or Echnidas [TackyQZo^^Uu^ CiCuZi^aXaSYl Move- ment among the trees toward the back of the exhibit is created by Sugar Gliders {?2XcUuU ] . Important considerations in building an indoor koala enclosure are first to provide ample space for the animals to retreat from loud noise and crowded conditions. This entails providing both height and depth to the enclosure to correspond to the biological need for space. Provide easy access to food trees including feed areas away from the public as well as near the viewing platform. Other considerations include the ability to alter the temperature, light length and light intensity to correspond to seasonal changes. Whenever constructing any indoor enclosure or climate controlled building, remember to include a backup system or generator in case of electrical failure. ^ DIETARY NEEDS Koalas have evolved into a highly specialized arboreal folifore. They are found in sclerophyll forests dominated by the genus eucalyptus. Their diet consists primarily of leaves but they will also savor the buds and flowers of the trees. Around 600 species of eucalyptus have been deter- mined. Of these, koalas are said to eat up to about 35 species. At the Los Angeles Zoo we feed primarily seven (7) species. You could call the koala the "Morris the Cat" of the marsupial world. The seven primary 217 MANAGING A COLONY OF VICTORIAN KOALA AT THE L.A. ZOO, Cont^uad species are: ^ , £♦ niicUj> , E. camaX(^a£e^^6X6 , E. globutiU. , E. JiilddAoxijtoYi, ^ teucLOxyZovL, and ^ hotnjyoldoji . Eucalyptus produces various oils which when ingested will cause various metabolic reactions in the body. These oils make eucalyptus difficult to digest and as a result are toxic to most mammals. However, koalas are postgastric digesters relying on microorganisms present in the cecum to break down, detoxify and convert the eucalyptus into useable energy. They have a cecum which takes up about 20% of the animal's postgastric intes- tine and acts to delay and prolong digestion. In the cecum breakdown of cellulose and other leaf components takes place. Koalas will eat 3-5 pounds of fresh eucalyptus per animal per day. This requires a tremen- dous amount of man hours for collection, transport and storage of the browse material. In order to maintain high quality browse material, two keepers will collect fresh branches every Tuesday and Friday. Collection one time a week is not recommended since leaf quality will deteriorate after a few days leav- ing palitability questionable. Occasionally if the keepers are tied up, we send out a few staff members to collect. The problem is they usually return with some undetermined type of oak. Keepers used for collection creates good quality control. A cherry picker is used for collection since good browse materials tend to be out of reach from the ground level. Caution is used at certain times of the year to avoid collection of sucker growth of ^ VxmlyiClL . This species reportedly contains high contents of prussic and hydrocyanic acid during winter months which may be toxic for even koalas. Once a maxi- mum portion of browse is collected, a tarp is tied down on the branches for transport back to the zoo. This protects the branches from wind dam- age or incliment weather such as hot dry days. At the zoo the collected branches are placed in 30-gallon plastic trash cans which have been sleeved with metal trash cans to provide support. The branches are hosed off to remove dust, bird droppings and other debris. Morning feedout starts at 0930 hours while the exhibit lights are still in the diurnal cycle. Currently we provide eight (8) feed stations. Six stations are toward the front of the exhibit for easy public viewing and two are recessed in the back trees to allow the koalas to escape excessive visitor noise and eat in relative peace. All eight stations are used regularly by the koalas. The feed stations consist of four and eight-inch browse tubes constructed of PVC piping with a plumbing cap at one end to hold water. The tubes are attached to the trees by clips. A strap is placed around the tube and tree trunk for stability and support in case the clip should break. The feed-out consists of removing branches from the previous day and draining and replacing the old water f^ith fresh water. Next fresh browse is layered out on a clean surface. Keepers choose a minimum of two dif- ferent species of eucalyptus for each browse tube. We use four criteria for selection of the branch: 1. The branch must be tall enough to reach favored sitting forks. 2. The leaves of the branches should appear healthy and free of debris. 3. The branches are full and bushy. 4. The branch contains leaves of various stages of growth. By providing a full spectrum of growth, the koalas will not become spoiled 218 MANAGING A COLONY OF VICTORIAN KOALA AT THE L.A. ZOO, ConUnu^d on the succulent leaves at the tip of the branch. This is the preferred delicacy or the koalas’ "prime rib". This form of feeding will prove important when illnesses are encountered and the koala must be enticed to eat. Once chosen the branches are placed in the tubes. A tie is used again around the branch and tree trunk to provide support and stability. This avoids flying koalas. Caution is used to tie only knots since bows create a potential spot for legs to get entangled. During breeding season a larger amount of browse is fed due to the increased dietary need during this period of time. Males are exerting more energy than normal in the process of vocalizations and following after females. The females will also vocalize more at the approaching male, but the presence of pouch young will require more food intake for the developing young to grow. The mother needs to be maintained in good health and nourishment. HEALTH AND BREEDING Maintaining koalas in top physical condition is an intensive study in human patience. A keeper must recognize the behaviorisms, body language, activity level and stress tolerance of each individual separately and socially to maintain fine tuned control on the colony. Koalas may spend up to nineteen (19) hours out of the day resting. Due to this high in- activity, signs of stress may not be noticeable to a keeper who has not worked closely with the colony. Discovering these signs as they occur can mean the difference between successful or unsuccessful treatment of an illness or behavioral complication. The first tool used in koala care at the zoo is behavior. Koalas are solitary animals in the wild state. Usually they are seen together pri- marily during the breeding season. In the zoo setting the territory is relatively small so artificial groupings result. Each koala will pick out a favorite tree or sitting fork and spend an extensive amount of time in the one area. Shift in position within the enclosure may indicate a problem. This may include subtle changes such as climbing to the highest part of a tree, escaping to the back of the exhibit, seeking out companion- ship, or to the extreme of opening the door and walking out. Then comes determining the cause which involves observing the body lang- uage. Obvious signs may be heavy salivation, earflapping, stretching the neck upright into the air, alert erect ears, or a variety of vocaliza- tions directed toward the root of the problem. The most difficult cause to determine is when a koala is sitting in a curled up position with its head in its lap and the ears laid forward. Normally this is the only sign that indicates depression. Careful watch is then directed to this animal to determine its food consumption, fecal output and consistency. Weighing has proven to be a vital tool in our management program. Due to koalas’ foliforus diet of eucalyptus leaves, little or no fat can be found on their bodies. This may sound like a great diet, but I wouldn’t recommend it. This enables them to carry a high proportion of body water, but leaves little available reserve should illness set in. Eucalyptus is a poor source of energy, so for koalas, like other herbivores, the energy requirement is high and the dietary return is low. Different species of eucalyptus will also cause different physical actions within the body. For example, if a koala overindulges on ^ gtobuZcUi in its immature form, a diarrhea may result. Addition of E. botAgoZdo^ into the diet will act as a binder. 219 MANAGING A COLONY OF VICTORIAN KOALA AT THE L.A. ZOO, CoyvUnu^d E, VAjrU.yiCLUj) has a higher water content than other eucalyptus species and may be useful in maintaining water balance during illness. Weighing requires two keepers. One keeper will carefully maneuver the koala down from the tree while the other keeper holds up a weighing perch. Once the koala is moved onto the perch, it will sit contentedly in the fork just like home in the trees. No physical restraint is used. The perch is hung from the scale to obtain the weight. Female koalas are weighed once each week during the non-breeding season as long as there are no pouch young or joeys on the back. During the breeding season, weighing is done once every two weeks until pouch young are discovered. Thereafter weighings are made only when a behavioral complication is observed. Male koalas are weighed once each week throughout the year. The weight results are graphed to determine progress. Young koalas should grow steadily while adults should remain relatively stable. Currently, our adult females average 15-16 pounds, while the males average 20-22 pounds. Dramatic weight loss of a pound or more within consecutive weighings may indicate an illness or behavioral problem. Immediate attention can then be focused on the affected animal. This is important when a large group is maintained in the same enclosure. Free body water makes up 77.4% of the koalas’ weight. Much of this is stored in the cecum which holds large amounts of food. Since the major source of water for koalas comes from the eucalyptus foliage, anorexia or an inability to digest the foliage properly will result in a rapid loss of body water. Careful watch should be made on the fecal consistency. Diarrhea is an obvious source of fluid loss, but the water balance or hydration of the koala may be determined by observing the feces. Feces should be moist and lime green with pelleted formation. Should a dark, dry, unformed or wrinkly appearance to the stool occur, then body hydration may not be in balance. Normally, a dramatic weight loss will accompany this change in stool. Since water weight is lost, fluid therapy should be initiated when a large drop in weight or depression is noted. Should several days of fluid therapy not improve the condition, the vet- erinarian will probably draw blood or do a thorough work-up including x-rays. When fluid therapy has not changed the condition, we usually be- gin antibiotic therapy using Tribrissen injectable® supplemented with vitamins B & C. Illnesses we have encountered in the past have been fight wounds inflicted between two males. They usually occurred to the ears. They required thorough cleaning of the ears daily until healing occurred. One male had a period of loss of intestinal flora following antibiotic therapy. The stool at this time remained formed, but was grey in color. It was neces- sary to treat him with blended fecal material from a healthy koala. Eye disorders are a common occurance in wild koalas and contributed to the loss of thousands of wild koalas in the early part of the century. While eye disorders were a common occurance during the first year our koalas were establishing themselves, we have not observed this problem in recent years. The worst problem we have encountered recently is a wasting syndrome. Two koalas initially developed a diarrhea which cleared up. However, this went on to result in anorexia and lethargy. Dramatic weight loss occurred and normal therapy did not seem to help. Steroid therapy was used to stimulate the appetite but was used only when they appeared to be unable 220 ^MAINTAINING A COLONY OF VICTORIAN KOALA AT THE L.A. ZOO, Contlna2.d I to maintain their weight and attitude. Full work-ups revealed nothing, j so therapy was continued as a supportive measure only. One male recover- ed after one month, relapsed and recovered two months later. One female I recovered within several weeks of initial treatment. Generally we attempt to allow the koala to recover on its own from an ill- ness and provide supportive therapy only. However, if anorexia and weight loss do not improve, antibiotic therapy and feeding is a must. Hand-feeding has proved to be a vital part of our husbandry and supportive therapy program. Hand-feeding techniques must be adjustible for each koalas’ individual behavior. Currently, we are using nine different hand-feeding variations. Hand-feeding using these techniques eliminates the necessity of tube feeding the koala. Tube feeding is a stressful procedure and should be avoided at all costs. Stress plays a large role in a koalas’ response to an illness. Attempts should be made to keep stress at a bare minimum. BREEDING Breeding season for Victorian koalas is from September through January with a peak of activity occurring in November. This is probably a rough estimate as the season may vary slightly in Australia depending on geo- i graphical location. For example, females gave birth on Flinders Chase, Australia, during a season extending from late December to early April ' with a peak in February. Iberhard reported that it remains uncertain whether koalas in the wild breed in successive years. Of four females in Flinders Chase, two carried young each year while two carried young three out of four years. The Ahmanson Koala House at the Los Angeles Zoo opened in 1982. In the first year two offspring were born. In 1984 and 1985, two offspring were born to the same parents. The two females which were born in 1982 are adults. One is nursing an out-of-pouch joey while the other female lost her first pouch joey after approximately three weeks. In order to determine the presence of pouch young, a female is placed on a weighing perch and a finger is inserted into the pouch. The koalas two teats are felt for the bumblebee-sized joey. Our females tolerate this procedure better on a weighing perch than on a horizontal one due to their familiarity with the weighing perch. Koalas reach maturity at approximately two years of age. At this time, females are capable of producing young but will not necessarily do so. Malcom Smith describes in his paper, ’’Notes on Reproduction and Growth in the Koala”: ’’The year-old females have a smaller tighter cloaca than older ones, according to a member of the sanctuary staff. This prevented intromission in one case he witnessed. In 1972, one of seven two-year-old females was not known to have copulated, another may have done so but fail- ed to conceive, one had a sterile mating, one conceived at her first oestrus but due to misadventure, the young was lost on the day of birth and 97 days later a second was born.” The female osetrus cycle is 27-30 days. Koalas live for about 20-25 years and produce approximately 10-12 young in their lifetime. The gestation period for a koala is 30-35 days and following conception the underdevelop- ed young spend up to six months in the mother’s backward- facing pouch be- fore emerging to pap feed and pester mom. Pap feeding is a form of copro- phagy. The joey will eat partially digested fecal solution from the mother’s anus. The mother’s fecal at this time varies from loose to firm stools. Not a real tasty meal, but it serves an important function. By 221 MANAGING A COLONY OF VICTORIAN KOALA AT THE L.A. ZOO, Continued ingesting the material the young joey develops the microbial flora neces- sary to digest eucalyptus. They also believe the joey may form a prefer- ence to certain types of eucalyptus and will subsequently favor these types over a less ingested form. For another six months the young will be dependent on mom to wean them onto a diet of leaves, tend to their every demand and squawk at an approaching male. Often times a young will venture away from the mother two or three feet and suddenly realize mom's not around. A loud squawking results from the joey which can be likened to a cat with its tail caught in a door. Males have a sternal gland on the chest which secretes heavily during the breeding season. The male rubs this strong smelling secretion onto the trees generally to mark unfamiliar focal spots within the enclosure. In this limited sense the enclosure is the males' home range. We can also assume that scent-marking signals the presence of that male. Although scent-marking and sternal secretion is not limited to the breeding season, the sternal gland does secrete more heavily during this time of year. It is possibly linked to an increase in male bellowing during breeding season. Males will produce a sound which can be heard from great distances. The male will stretch his head upright beginning with a low gutteral sound leading into a very impressive and quite masculine bellow. If the females are not cycling they normally are not real impressed with this display and will respond with a nagging squawk back. Breeding is normal rear mount and can be done horizontally or vertically. Once our older male and fe- male became so anxious they bred on a horizontal perch upsidedown. CONSERVATION AND CONCLUSIONS As I mentioned earlier, the Los Angeles Zoo maintains the Victorian sub- species of koala where other zoos outside Australia house the Queensland koala. The Victorian is somewhat larger and has a denser coat. While much research has been conducted into the anatomy of the koala, con- servation of existing populations is a relatively new field. Today the koala is totally protected. Since the populations were reduced in the later 1920' s by hunting, disease and habitat destruction, little new in- formation has surfaced on the distribution, numbers and habits of existing koalas. Surveys on the Queensland population were conducted in 1967 and 1977. A comparison of the two surveys concluded that no significant range contraction or expansion had occurred in the ten years between studies. In general the status reports from 1977 indicate the koalas have suffered a decline over much of their range. Koalas were seen on three Queensland Islands: Magnetic, Newry, and North Stradbroke. In 1969 a survey estimated 1400 koalas on Magnetic Island. In 1977 this number was reduced to 300. Reasons for the decline are as follows: 1. In 1970 Cyclone Althea stripped island trees of leaves. The koalas weakened from starvation succumbed to an unidentified disease. 2. The island was being burned annually for severl years and many koalas burned to death as a result. 3. Drastic increase in stray dogs and clearing of habitat added insult to injury. On Phillip Island, Victoria, fertility among Victorian koalas has fluctu- ated between 10-20%. Put this in comparison with nearby French Island which boasts 60-65% over the same period of time. Both islands were artificially populated between 1870 and the early 1900 's. One idea suggested for the drastic difference involves the food trees. On Phillip Island, many trees had been planted to replace trees lost in fires. On French Island, eucalyptus trees are native to the island. 222 MANAGING A COLONY OF VICTORIAN KOALAS AT THE L.A. ZOO, ConUnucd Roger Martin also explained the infertility problem on Phillip Island was due to cysts found in the ovaries. The cysts appear to be unrelated to a koala's age. The disease has been found in koalas as young as two years of age. An explanation put forward by researchers is that the anatomy of the koalas' reproductive tract predisposes them to the disease. No bacteria has been found which could cause the disease, however, the bacteria may be high up in the tract, higher than would be expected. The tract is unlike any other marsupial except for the wombat. Other researchers such as Kathy Lithgow believe the cycts are related to phyto-estrogens found in the food trees. Oestrogenic activity in food trees on both French and Phillip Islands have been found. However, this activity is higher in the Phillip Island trees. The researchers are aiming to suggest answers to the infertility and advise methods to solve the problem. Correct management and conservation procedures should save koala populations such as those on Phillip Island from ending up in a position similar to other areas of Australia such as the southwest- ern portion of western Australia, where koalas are not extinct. At the Los Angeles Zoo we are conducting our own conservation efforts. In 1983, 1500 eucalyptus trees were planted in the Sepulveda basin. This was the first of three phases of planting. In Fall, 1985, we began to harvest from the first phase of growth. We expect to harvest from phase two and three approximately two years apart. When harvesting from phase three is complete, regrowth of trees in phase one should be ready for reharvest and so the cycle continues. Hopefully this will provide a carefully controlled and unending supply to self- sustain our colony. Koalas are a very difficult animal to keep in captivity. They require a keeper who is sensitive to every demand. They require an enclosure which will correspond to their biological need for space, climbing abilities and safety from incliment weather and high stress. The specialized anatomy requires a narrow dietary selection from which to choose. Careful atten- tion to their health will require an individual knowledge of the behavior- isms of the colony and the individuals. Currently the Los Angeles Zoo houses 3.6.0 Victorian koalas. With our ever-increasing knowledge of these amazing animals our population should continue to grow. REFERENCES 1. Brown, Stephen and Carrick, Frank (1979) "Report on the Reproductive Status of the Koala ( VhcUCoZaAcXo^ clneAAJUUi ) on Phillip Island, Victoria." (University of Queensland: Australia). 2. Campbell, Paul and Prentice, Ralph and McRae, Peter. "Report on the 1977 Koala Survey". 3. Degabriele, Robert. "The Physiology of the Koala" (School of Applied Sciences, Riverina College of Education, P.O. Box 588, Wagga Wagga, N.S.W., Australia 2065). 4. Drake, Bev. "Some Aspects of Successful Victorian Koala Breeding at the Royal Melbourne Zoological Gardens". (Royal Melbourne Zoological Gardens, P.O. Box 74 Parkville, Victoria, Australia 3052). 5. Eberhard, I.H. (1972) "Ecology of the Koala, Vhcu dOljaXcXo^ cJjizXuLi) , (Goldfuss) Marsupiala: Phascolarctidae, in Australia". (Ecology of Arboreal Folifores, G. Gene Montgomery, Ed., Smithsonian Institution Symposium of National Zoological Park, Washington, D.C., U.S.A.). 223 MANAGING A COLONY OF VICTORIAN KOALA AT THE L.A. ZOO, ConUnaed 6. Eberhard, I.H. "Ecology of the Koala, Pkcuao-taA,cXo6 (llneAA.Ubi>, on Flinders Chase, Kangaroo Island." PhD Thesis, University of Adelaide. 1972. 7. Langdon, David (1982) "Husbandry of Victorian Koalas ( FkcU>C0taA(lt06 CXKieTLtaA , (Gold fuss) in Captivity I. Non Social Behaviour" (Australian Wildlife Res. 1979, 6, 117-29). 9. Smith, Malcom, "Behaviour of the Koala, PhcU>CoZ(VLcXo6 CyCne/iZliS ^ (Goldfuss) in Captivity II. Parental and Infantile Behaviour" (Australian Wildlife Res. 1979, 6, 134-40). 10. Smith, Malcom, "Behaviour of the Koala, PkcUiClolxVicXo^ cXngAcoA , (Goldfuss) in Captivity III. Vocalizations" (Australian Wildlife Res. 1979, 131-140). 11. Smith, Malcom, "Behaviour of the Koala, PkcU>C,ot(VicXoi> CA,nQAA.uJ> , (Goldfuss) in Captivity IV. Scent Marking" (Australian Wildlife Res. 1980, 7, 35-40). 12. Smith, Malcom, "Notes on Reproduction and Growth in the Koala, PhcU>C.oZ(Vict06 , (Goldfuss) " (Australian Wildlife Res. 1979, 6, 5-12). ■ 13. Tobin, Meryl, "Koala Population at Risk" (From xerox article). 224 ELEPHANT SET By Ron R-lngoA Lmd Ele.phant K^^peA Topeka Zoologd-caX Ra/ik, Topeka, KS A QUESTION OF DISCIPLINE In my experience as an elephant keeper one of the hardest things for me to deal with is a complaint letter from a visitor who witnessed an ele- phant being disciplined. I know the average zoo visitor has no concept of proper elephant management, but these letters can be a real slap in the face for the keepers involved. At the Topeka Zoo we have an open-door policy of working our elephants in full view of the public which includes discipline when needed. Our dis- cipline policy, which is backed up by our administration, is to discipline at the moment it is warranted. This means a school group or any large crowd may be watching but we feel this policy helps keep our elephant pro- gram sound. Over the years we have received our share of complaint letters. I would like to share with you how we go about responding to these letters and how we try and prevent them. The first step is simply education. Our Elephant Management Committee (EMC) is planning a graphic dealing specifically with elephant discipline. The Topeka Zoo has a very active docent program and they give numerous tours throughout the year. They are trained to explain to their groups what has taken place when they witness an elephant being disciplined. Our elephants are worked by a two-keeper system of an ankus person and a mechanic. When an elephant is being disciplined by the ankus person, the mechanic will go and explain to the public what is happening and why and answer any ques- tions they might have. During June of 1985, National Zoo and Aquarium Month, our AAZK Chapter presented Keeper Talks at various locations around the zoo. We took this opportunity to talk about elephant discipline. The talks went over so well we decided to continue them throughout the weekends of the summer months. We plan to do the same this year. As much as we try to educate the public on discipline, we still receive an occasional complaint letter. When we are presented with one our EMC will discuss the event as a group. In the past we have replied with personal letters jointly written by EMC. We would specifically deal with the event and explain what took place and why. Our committee was not all that happy with the letters we were sending back because it always seemed to come across as though we were defending ourselves. Although we very rarely heard back from the visitor to whom we responded, it was generally felt that the letters made little or no impact. In fact, one visitor went out of her way to let us know she wasn't satisfied. She would hang around the elephants without our knowing she was around and when we had to discipline she would jump out and take pictures, then run away before anyone could talk to her. We decided it was time to put together a letter or brochure which dealt specifically with elephant management as a whole. The advan- tages of a form letter like this would allow for a quicker response, better 225 A QUESTION OF DISCIPLINE, ConUnued detail and information about elephant handling and it would not make us feel as though we had to apologize for doing our job. Here is our finish- ed product: "We regret the recent misunderstanding you experienced during our elephant session at the Zoo, and we hope the following information will be helpful. Elephants are very complex animals and live in a structured social group of which the keepers are part. In a zoo situation, the keeper assumes the role of lead elephant or "matriarch" to maintain the stability of the "herd" Within the herd, elephants exhibit various, sometimes subtle behaviors. These behaviors are not easily recognized or understood by the zoo visitor. Some of these elephant behaviors are unwanted and can lead to dangerous situations for the keepers. To correct these behaviors and prevent poten- tial problems, the keeper will discipline the elephant by slapping them on the head or body with an ankus (a tool which acts as an extension of the keeper's arm to assist the keeper in managing the elephants). Some people imagine themselves being struck by the ankus and assume that it would cause a great deal of pain and injury. It would harm a human, but not an animal that weighs 50 times what we do. Elephants weigh from 3 to 5 tons, they have skin which is one inch thick and beneath the skin is thick muscle and fat overlying heavy bone. The severity of the discipline is much less to an elephant than striking the family dog with a rolled up news- paper. The elephant session you viewed is part of the daily care required to main- tain these elephants in our Zoo. Each elephant keeper is trained by ex- perienced staff to work with the elephants. Our Zoo prefers conducting the daily care sessions for the elephants during public hours so the visi- tors may see the kind of care involved with elephants. That does mean that the elephants may be disciplined in full view of the public. Some other elephant facilities prefer to maintain and discipline their elephants prior to public viewing but nevertheless, discipline is a necessary part of every elephant management program. If you have any further questions or concerns about our Zoo's elephant pro- gram, we invite you out to talk to our elephant keepers or our General Curator Craig Dinsmore. Sincerely, Ron Ringer, Chairman Elephant Management Committee" This letter was a combined effort from our EMC members and we are all very pleased with the results. So — the question of discipline isn't a question of whether discipline should be used or not. We all know that it is a necessary tool of elephant man- agement when used properly. The question should be when and where should discipline be carried out- — behind closed doors where no one can see or anytime the situation merits it no matter where it's at? We, as elephant keepers, know that when discipline is to be used it should be administered quickly so the elephant knows it has done something wrong. If the public is watching, then let it be an educational experience for them. It is part of our jobs to work our elephants as safely as possible under any circiam- stances. Our procedures should not be altered whether or not we are in 226 A QUESTION OF DISCIPLINE, ConUnued front of the visiting crowd. It doesn’t take an elephant long to figure out that it can get away with bad habits when the public is around. At the Topeka Zoo we figure it is easier to deal with a complaint letter than an injured keeper. How does your zoo answer the "Question of Disci- pline"? Chapter TUCSON CHAPTER AAZK The Tucson Chapter is continuing its monthly meeting schedule with slide shows of members’ recent vaca- tions, one to several major central U.S. zoos and another to Tasmania and New Zealand. Our recent activities include a booth at the local swap meet, a trip to the Phoenix Zoo, the Wildlife World Zoo and Bernard Rohr’s private collection and a raffle of several donated items at Reid Park Zoo on their Zoo Day for National Zoo and Aquarium Month. The items raffled included a 10-gallon aquarium set-up, wildbird and hum- mingbird feeders, two 8x10 framed wildlife photographs, memberships to the Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum and Tucson Zoological Society and T-Shirts. We found this to be a good fund-raising project. We voted in our June meeting to fund a membership in the National AAZK for a zookeeper from India, one of two keepers who have been proposed for membership by Ms. Sally Walker of Zoo Outreach Organization, Mysore, India. We are proud to be able to expand AAZK’s role as a motivating body in keeper education through this sponsorship. We urge i another chapter to complete this ! international venture by sponsoring t another Indian Keeper. (Ed. note: The Atlanta AAZK Chapter has picked up sponsorship for the second Indian Keeper. But if your Chapter is in- terested in offering this kind of assistance. National is aware of several individuals in Central Ameri- ca and Africa who could use such help.) Additionally, at last month’s meeting the membership voted not to produce a 1987 calendar in order to pursue other activities and projects. Photo- graphers who have submitted entries will be contacted. — GeoAge SzcAdtouiij News THE APPALACHIAN CHAPTER AAZK The Appalachian Chapter presented their final film/lecture program on black bears in May. Since the Mill Mountain Zoo opened in May, the Chapter plans to continue pre- sentations to the public in the zoo’s newly constructed amphitheatre. Topics for discussion will be Mam- mals, A Closer Look; Birds, (discus- ses the differences between birds of prey, songbirds and waterfowl); Reptiles of Virginia, and Zoo Careers. These topics will include live animal demonstrations. The discussions will be presented weekly, Wednesdays thru Saturdays, at the zoo in the afternoons — ioLoAte J. Thomcu, SdoAoMnAy I zoo News From Japan FORMER UENO ZOO DIRECTOR DIES JAPAN LOSES ITS 'MR. ZOO' By Vo6kl. VoneXayil ZooVEL-Ioo Viz^-lgn. S Edaccutlon Lab Kobe, Japan Dr. Tadamichi Koga died suddenly on the morning of 25 April. The cause of i his death was obstruction of the intestines (iliac passion). He was the S' Vice President of the Tokyo Zoological Park Society and the Honorary Presi- > dent of WWF-Japan. Before everything else, he was most well known as the world-famous Director of the Ueno Zoo, Tokyo from 1932 until 1962. He came [ originally to the Ueno Zoo as the institution's veterinarian and became | its director at the age of 29. We are very sorry to say "Good-bye" as this is an irrevocable matter for us! 1 like to believe that he lived out a ? natural life for his age at 82. However, 1 feel it will not be easy to j fill the enormous gap left in the Japanese zoological community by his passing. Dr. Koga was bom in 1903 in Saga-prefecture of Kyushu- is land . After graduating with a degree in veterinary medicine from Tokyo University in 1928, he took a position at the Ueno Zoo in 1928 and became its director in 1932. He was named the first Honorary Member of the International Union of Directors of Zoological Gardens from Japanese Zoo-world after retiring from the Ueno Directorship in 1962. He was considered Japan's 'Mr. Zoo' as the godfather of moaern zoos in our country and was well known as a conservationist and author. He received the degree of Doctor of Agri- culture. One remarkable achievement of Dr. Koga's was the restoration of a water- fowl sanctuary in downtown of the megalopolis; Tokyo, i.e. in Shinobazu- ‘ Pond at Ueno Zoo. It is a paradise for wild creatures now, especially for the only breeding colony of Cormorants ( PhotacAOCO^X COAbo ) in and around Tokyo-dis tricts . Dr. Koga released domestic ducks or geese to attract their wild cousins when he determined to prove that humans and wildlife could coexist peacefully in the urban environment. As years passed, this Pond became a safety zone for various wild birds. At the present time, a big flock of wild ducks come to stay in the winter season ! every year. His worthwhile work with Penguins has proven rewarding. The mortality rate among Antarctic Penguins in captivity was formerly very high because of aspergillosis, a killer disease. Dr. Koga enabled zoos to reduce the mortality rate drastically when he developed a new treatment using the antibiotic Aureosrycin. Throughout his life. Dr. Koga's most significant study was the propaga- tion of cranes in captivity. Japan once ruled vast areas of northeastern Asia, home of several rare crane species. The Japanese would capture these beautiful birds by the dozen to exhibit in their zoos and parks, but there seemed to be an urgent need to propagate them in captivity after World War II. Dr. Koga showed great foresight. Long before other Japan- ese were aware of it, he talked of the importance of propagating rare and endangered species in captivity to save them from extinction. The Inter- 228 zoo NEWS FROM JAPAN, CowUna^d national Crane Foundation, U.S.A., took his dream over at the start and much success has been shown in the captive propagation of endangered crane species. I*d like to introduce some episodes concerning Dr. Koga. When he cele- ' brated his 77th birthday, he ventured to plan a charged party. As the result of its cost-down foods, he contributed the remaining income to I some use for conservation. He once said "I’m welcome to your money as i an obituary gift if I was dead, because the balance of my funeral expenses ! shall go a long way towards Animals and Zoos. That’s my final public duty." I take off my hat to a clear-cut point of view by Dr. Koga. I I I Many zoo-related people, including me, were present at his formal funeral in Tokyo on 17 May. Ken Kawata, General Curator of the Milwaukee County Zoo was also present and the Executive Director of the AAZPA from the U.S. presented a funeral address. I try to make a good rememberance of Dr. Koga at the end of bitter grief in such a matter. Needless to say. I’ll never forget his greatest course ^ in the past. Publications Available Technologies to Benefit Agriculture and Wildlife - 144 pages/ 1985 edition. Cost: $5.00. Order # 052-003-00996-0. Available from U.S. Government Printing Office, Dept. SSMC, Washington, DC 20402. Check or money order should be made payable to Superintendent of Documents. Wildlife habitat management and agricultural production need not be mutually exclusive land uses. In fact, wildlife management on agricultur- al lands could benefit agricultural operations, according to workshop pro- ceedings released by the Congressional Office of Technology Assessment (OTA) . Technologies are currently available that could sustain wildlife without interfering with production of crops, livestock, or timber. How- ever, more could be done to promote the development and use of these tech- nologies. The workshop proceedings examines the opportunities and con- straints to the application of technologies that benefit both agricultural production and wildlife conservation. It also identifies how the Farm Bill and other legislation can be changed to foster the integration of agriculture and wildlife interests. Wetlands of the United States: Current Status and Recent Trends - 1985, Cost: $3.00. Order #024-010-00656-1. Available from U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20242, Attn: Superintendent of Documents. America had about 215 million acres of wetlands at the time of colonial settlement. It has less than half that amount today. This special report outlines the various kinds of wetlands and documents their loss in summary fashion. The publication identifies portions of the country hardest hit by wetlands loss and statistically examines recent trends. Wetlands are regarded by biologists as the single most productive habitat for wildlife, especially North American waterfowl. 229 AAZK Regional Coordinators Co-Directors Regional Coordinator System States East of Mississippi - Diane Krug, Rt. 1, Box 270, Hilliard, FL 32046. (904) 225-9559 (work) (904) 845-4279 (home) States West of Mississippi - Debbera Stecher, Woodland Park Zoo, 5500 Phinney Ave. North, Seattle, WA 90603. (206) 625-5402 (work) (206)745-8198 (home) Regional Coordinators John Linehan, Franklin Park Zoo, Boston, MA (617) 442-7646 (w) for the states of ME,VT,NH,MA,RI ,CT Peter Bucholz, Bronx Zoo, New York (212) 220-5100 (w) for the state of NY Gene Pfeffer, Philadelphia Zoo, PA (215) 243-1100 (w) for the states of PA,NJ,MD,DE VACANCY - for the states of VA,W.VA,D.C. Lee Payne, Detroit Zoo, MI (313) 398-0903 (w) for the state of MI Lynne Villers, Indianapolis Zoo, IN (317)547-3577 (w) for the states of IN,0H,KY Larry Sammarco, Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, IL (312) 294-4660 (w) for the states of WI ,IL ,M0,MN,IA Pat Hook, Riverbanks Zoo, Columbia, SC (803) 779-8717 (w) for the states of TN,NC,SC VACANCY - for the states of AL ,GA,AR,MS,LA VACANCY - for the state of FL John R. Turner, Denver Zoo, Denver, CO for the states of C0,NM,TX Steve Tiggs, Tulsa Zoological Park, Tulsa, OK for the states of 0K,NE,KS,ND,SD Laurence Gledhill, Woodland Park Zoo, Seattle, WA (206) 625-5497 (w) for the states of WA,0R,ID,MT,WY,AK Art Goodrich, San Diego Zoo, San Diego, CA for the states of CA,NVslJT,AZ Honolulu AAZK Chapter (Dan Vitiello, Pres.) (808) 923-4772 (w) for the Hawaiian Islands Neville Howard Pike, Metro Toronto Zoo, Box 280, West Hill, Ontario Ml E 4R5 for the Province of Ontario, Canada Bob Debets, Assiniboine Park Zoo, 2235 Corydon Ave., Winnipeg R3P 0R5 for the Province of Manitoba, Canada (204) 489-3893 (home) Marcia Rasmussen, Calgary Zoo, P.O. Box 3036, Station B, Calgary for the Province of Alberta, Canada ThoAd cuid 6tUUi Rdg^onal CooAcUncuto-n. po^ltlovU) In ndo^d oi volantdOAi to idJit tkm. 0pm oah tho, RC po-6-ltton tkd 6tatd6 oi l/A, W. l/A and (jDasktngton, P.C.; tke. RC po^ttton ion. tko, ^tatm oi AL.GA.AR.MS. and LA; and tkz mwly cAmte,d poi>itton oi RC ion, tho, i^tato, oi Vtontda. It wa6 idlt tkoAQ, wcAc mougk antmat dano, iacJJUjtim tn Vtontda to uxuinant an RC ion tka> anm dxcliutvdty. Ji you am tntmmtdd tn voluntdentng ion any oi tkd tkme, opm poi^tttont, ploxud aatt Vtane, Knag, Cattdnn U.S. Regtonal Co-VtmcXon, You may call Vtand coltdct at koA kome, pkom (904) ^45-4279 e.vdntng-6 aitoA 6 p.m. EST. Tkoto, thAm po^ttton^ oHeA a gnojot oppontuntty to become tnvotvdd tn AAZK and to pnovtdn a valuable and ndcm^any ^dnvtdo, ion tko, A^^octatton. ATTENTION FELLOW AAZK MEMBERS The AAZK Milwaukee Chapter now has coffee mugs avail- able to purchase. These beige porcelain mugs contain the National AAZK Rhino Logo design in dark brown. Cost of the mug is $5.50 which includes postage. Please send the order form below along with payment to: AAZK Mug c/o AAZK Milwaukee 10001 W. Bluemound Road Milwaukee. WI 53226 Please make checks payable to "AAZK - Milwaukee Chapter". AAZK Logo Coffee Mug Order Form NAME: (Type or Print) ADDRESS : ZIP: TELEPHONE : ( ) Please send AAZK Logo Coffee Mug(s) at $5.50 each. Total Amount Enclosed: $ AAZK B If MILWAUKEE CHAPTER JyutitutloyU) waking to adveAtyU^ -mplogment oppoAtunttte^ oAa cukud to ^dnd punttno-Yit data by tko, 15th mck month to: Oppo^uyilty Knook^l AKV , 635 Gage Blvd. , Topdka, KS 66606. Plea6^ tncludu ci.o.6tng datQJ> {^on. poi>t- tton^ avatlablz. Tkojin ti> no ckcuige (^on. thu ^oAotcd and pkom-tn Jil6t- tng.6 o{j po^ttion^ Lohtck bacom^ avatlable, clo^e to dmdZtnn oaq, acodptdd. MAMMAL KEEFER. . .prefer previous experience with hoofstock. Starting salary $10,627. Send resume by 25 July 1986 to: Mark D. Pyritz, Curator of Mammals, Riverbanks Zoo, 500 Wildlife Parkway, Columbia, SC 29210. Al/IARy ATTENVAMT . . . SLC Corp. Salary range $17, 424-$ 19, 356. Responsible for the complete care of exotic birds. Maintains records of behavior, necessary avicultural observations, the food supplies and makes repairs on bird cages and other equipment. Three years’ paid experience with exotic birds in a zoo or aviary required. Ability to work with the gen- eral public, maintain records and the ability to perform minor construc- tion repairs. Send resume to: Office of Personnel Management, 5th Floor, 324 South State, Salt Lake City, UT 84111. Closing date: 31 July 1986. GENERAL MAMAGER. . .The Wildfowl Trust of North America is seeking General Manager to administer the trust and manage its wildfowl sanctuary at Grasonville, MD. The successful candidate, who will report to the Board of Trustees, should have minimum four years’ experience in aviculture and be able to demonstrate managerial /administrative ability. A degree in zoology/biology or related field is preferred. Existing staff of four to report to General Manager. Be- ginning salary up to $20,000. Health insurance and house provided on the property. Send resume and references immediately to: W.T.N.A. , P.O. Box 519, Grasonville, MD 21638 or call (301) 827-6694. EVUCATOR/ KEEFER. . .requires minimum BA in Zoology, Biology, Education or related fields. Two years’ experience as keeper or educator, a strong interest and dynamic abilities in public speaking. Duties include keeping/handling of mammals, raptors, reptiles in the presentation of daily educational programs. Starting date 10/1/86. Submit resume to Wildlife Associates, P.O. Box 982, Pacifica, CA 94044 or contact: Steve Karlin (415) 355-8808. O P P k 0 n r o t c u k n s 1 t y ANIMAL TRAINER. . . opening for an assistant chimp trainer. Need male who can roller skate and ice skate. Year-round work, requires travel outside of U.S. Successful applicant will work with established animal act. Living quarters furnished. World Famous Lipko Chimps. If interested call 1-800-824-7888, Ext. A263 and leave a message where you may be reached by telephone. THINK Safety! 232 AAZK MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION Name Check here if renewal [ ] Address $25.00 Professional ^$20.00 Affiliate FuZl-tAjnd feeepe2L6 OtkiiA and volayitnoA^ $25.00 International $15.00 Associate kit mmb2JU> ouJ^ldn the Indivtdaatb not connected U.S, and Canada Mdtk an antmat coJie iacttity $15.00 Library _$50.00 Contributing Lthnah-y i>ab^ciAtption only Onjgayitzattoyu and Indivtduuoitfi Directory Information; zoo Work Area Special Interests Mail this application and check or money order (U.S. CURRENCY ONLY PLEASE), payable to American Association of Zoo Keepers, Inc., to: AAZK National Headquarters, Topeka Zoo, 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606. Membership includes a subscription to kvujnaZ KeepeO^’ foAum. The member- ship card is good for free admission to many zoos and aquariums in the U.S. and Canada . INFORMATION FOR CONTRIBUTORS Antmat KeepeA^' foAum publishes original papers and news items of inter- est to the Animal Keeping profession. Non-members are welcome to submit articles for consideration. Articles should be typed or hand-printed. All illustrations, graphs and tables should be clearly marked, in final form, and should fit in a page size no more than 6” x 10” ( 15cm x 25iicm) . Literature used should be cited in the text and in final bibliography. Avoid footnotes. Include scientific names. Black and white photos only accepted. Articles sent to Antmat KeepeA^' foAum will be reviewed for publication. No commitment is made to the author, but an effort will be made to pub- lish articles as soon as possible. Those longer than three pages may be separated into monthly installments at the discretion of the editorial staff. The editors reserve the right to edit material without consulta- tion unless approval is requested in writing by the author. Materials submitted will not be returned unless accompanied by a stamped, self- addressed envelope. Telephone contributions on late-breaking news or last-minute insertions are accepted. However, phone-in contributions of long articles will not be accepted. The phone number is (913) 272-5821) DEADLINE FOR EACH EDITION IS THE 15TH OF THE PRECEDING MONTH AAttoteA pAtnted do not nece^^oAtty Ae^tect the optnton^ oi the Antmat KeepeA^' foAum edttoAtat 6ta^^ OA the AmeAtcan A^^octatton oi loo KeepeA6. Items in this publication may be reprinted providing credit to this pub- lication is given. Reprints may be ordered from the editor. PRINTED IN U.S. A. BOOO^ 3^ 2^' -H 3> r r ^. O’ O M O O r c c c r C“- r:- u: 3:. X r 13 -< ID ■Iv. AUGUST 1986 Animal Keepers' Forum / 1 edicated to Professional Animal Care ANIMAL KEEPERS' FORUM, 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606. Executive Editor: Alice Miser Managing Editor: Susan Chan Associate Editor: Ron Ringer AUGUST 1986 VOLUME THIRTEEN NUMBER EIGHT Vonum (ISSN 0164-9531) is a monthly journal of the American Association of Zoo Keepers, Inc., 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606. Five dollars of each membership fee goes toward the annual pub- lication costs of Ayumal KecpeA^' FoAiim, Second Class postage paid at Topeka, KS. Postmaster: Please send address changes to: AMERICAS! ASSOCIATION OF ZOO KEEPERS, INC, NATIONAL HEAVQUARTERS, 635 GAGE BLUV,, TOPEKA, KS 66606 BoJiboAR Mayu>pmkzA, AdkTvuJitHjCLtT.vii SacK-^Zcuiy BOARD OF DIRECTORS Jean Hromadka, San Diego Wild Animal Park Pn.QJ^ldmt Escondido, CA 92025 Frank B. Kohn, National Zoological Park l/^CC PH.2JiTdQ,YLt Washington, DC 20008 Oliver Claffey, Metro Toronto Zoo, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Susan M. Barnard, Zoo Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30315 Kerry Hoffman, Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum, Tucson, AZ 85743 COMMITTEE CHAIRPERSONS/PROJECT HEADS Coordinator for Chapter Affairs GoAjoZd Payne,, VeJyioTX loo Awards Committee RackeZ RogeAA>, Miami MeXAozoo Book Review Coordinator VTxtne, Von^yth, A\vton loo Legislative Action Committee Be.cky RogeA^, Topeka Zoo International Affairs Co-Coordinators and Pam McVougall, Calgojiy Zoo iu)e^t] Staff Exchange Etanddia Atm, {Woodland Pank Zoo Program Library Anne, M. Payne., VeJyiolt Zoo Exhibit Design Form Vlane, fon^yth, Ak/ion Zoo Keeper Accommodations List OtlveA CtaHe,y, MeJyio Toh,onX,o Zoo Keeper Training Videotapes iilayne, Buchanan, ijJoodland PoAk Zoo Continuing Keeper Educa t ion Pat SammoAco, Lincoln PoAk Zoo Research/Grants Committee FA,ank Kohn/Kact Thompson, NZP Public Education Committee Jay Ja6 an, State.n Inland Zoo AAZK History Committee A^t Good/Uch, San Vte,go Zoo - MeZba SkleZcU, NattonaZ Zoo {e,a^t] Animal Data Transfer Forms BeAYile, FeZdman, BuAnet: PoAk Zoo Membership Directory Pat Samma/Lco, Ltncoln Pa/ik Zoo Diet Notebook Bn.eXt BannoH., South Florida ChapteA Biological Values/Gestation LoAAy Bnatncuid, San F^ancZ6co Zoo 1 KaeZ Thompson, NZP Keeper Training Materials Identification Infant Development Notebook BeZn Po{){i, MLZl Mountain Zoo Ste.ve,n Wtng, SHiwaukee, Zoo Reference Search Nominations & Elections Ltz McLaughlZn, RogeA PoAk JaneX McCoy, WashZngton PoAk Zoo Zoo, Je,nny Re,nti^oM, Ma6on, MI CO-DIRECTORS REGIONAL COORDINATORS States East of the Mississippi - Vtam KAug, {JJklte, Oak PlontotZon, Vute.e., FL States West of the Mississippi - Ve.bbeAa Ste.c.keA, {jJoodtand PoAk Zoo, Se.attte., WA liidtvtdual Reg tonal CooAcUnatoAi and the ^tatej> undeA theJA oveA^tght oAe LZbted eJZewheAe tn each ks^ue o^ Antmal KeepeAs' FoAum, Tfixi month' 6 coveA io^ataAoji thz SoAiu Cmm (Galu anttgom) , Tkete 4-5 ^oot talZ btAcU matz ioA 11^2. and AoJjnioAco. tkM. paJji bond ivtth elaboA- ate. danceJ>, catt^ and do^bAU- touting , Tm e.gg-6 oAe. tncabated each yem. tn a gAoand nett made up o£ ttlcizt, gAottet and vtnet. Although the battc uwut tt a pcuA, {^amlZy gAoupt oAe teen a{^teA the bAeedlng teuton and u)hole itockt can be teen duAtng iood thontaget. The youngtteAt ttay Mtth theJji poAentt ioA a yeoA, Native to India and centAoZ Atia, thJji tpeciet eatt tmalZ cAu&taceout, ^Aogt, tnaket, MoAmt, intectt and tmalZ lizoAdt. Thankt to Elayne BoAclay, ^etine and nuAseAy keepeA at the IfJathington PoAk loo, Ponttand, OR {,oA thlt month' t coveA oAt! Scoops and y^^cuttlebutt AAZK CHAPTERS TO SPONSOR INDIAN ZOO KEEPERS The Tucson and Atlanta AAZK Chapters have agreed to sponsor the two Indian zookeepers proposed for membership by Ms. Sally Walker of Zoo Outreach Organization, Mysore, India. These two Chapters are to be congratulated on their willingness to assist in these gift memberships and help to expand the educational goals of the Association. National Headquarters is aware of several other individuals in foreign countries (Central America and East Africa) who would greatly appreciate the sponsorship of an AAZK Chapter, Wages in these countries are extremely low and often times persons interested in AAZK are unable to either afford the membership fee or in many cases, find it impossible to obtain U.S. currency to send out of their country for a membership. If any other Chapters are interested in sponsor- ing a gift membership for a foreign keeper, please contact National. BIDS BEING ACCEPTED FOR 1988 AAZK NATIONAL CONFERENCE SITE The Board of Directors reminds Chapters that bids are being accepted to host the 1988 AAZK National Conference. Interested Chapters should contact President Jean Hromadka as soon as possible as bids should be presented at this year's conference in Winnipeg. The Milwaukee County Zoo will be hosting the 1987 AAZK National Conference but a site and host for 1988 is still needed. 1986 ELEPHANT ROUND-UP TOUR PLANNED FOR NOVEMBER National Headquarters has been notified that Phil Prewett, Elephant Keeper at Washington Park Zoo, Portland, OR will serve as tour escort for the trip which departs from Portland/Seattle Nov. 6th. This tour to view elephants in Thailand will include the famous Elephant Round-Up in Surin. For further information contact: Dotte Miner, tour coordinator at 6443 S.W. Beaverton Hwy., Portland, OR 97221 (503) 292-8835. ONE MORE TIME... PLEASE NOTIFY NATIONAL OF ADDRESS CHANGES Please take a moment when you move to notify National Headquarters of your new address. Every year we "lose" members because we are not notified of an address change and receive a "no longer at this address" slip from the Post Office. When we receive one of these, our hands are tied as far as getting your mailings to you. Since the AKF is sent Second Class, it is not automatically forwarded to you unless you have signed a 2nd Class forwarding instruction and agreed to pay the additional postage. Only First Class mail is automatically forwarded to you when you fill out a P.O. Change of Address Form. Please send changes directly to National!! 233 SCOOPS AND SCUTTLEBUTT, ConZlnuo^d WINNER FOR BOOK COVER CONTEST ANNOUNCED James Melton of Gray, GA was selected as the winner in the Book Cover Contest advertised in the March 1986 AKF. His winning entry will appear on the cover of "Reptile Keeping: Professional Methods, including the diagnosis and treatment of parasites" by Susan M. Barnard, AAZK Board Member and Senior Reptile Keeper at Zoo Atlanta. Another AAZK member, Yoshi. Yonetani of ZooDEL, Kobe, Japan, was first runner-up and his entry will appear in black and white on the title page of the book. Judging the contest was Manny V. Rubio, herpetologist and professional photographer. SAFETY POSTER AVAILABLE Share the concern of Keeper Safety. Animal Care staff at the Calgary Zoo have produced a poster showing a keeper about to enter an enclosure. An instant later a tiger suddenly appears. Accompanying graphics read: "Sometimes we only get one chance. Positively count before entering." Your donation of $2.00 per poster, made out to the Calgary Zoological Society, will be used to recover production costs. Address mail to: Bob Peel, Calgary Zoo, P.O. Box 3036, Stn. B., Calgary, AB, Canada T2M 4R8. ILLINOIS COLLEGE TO OFFER ANIMAL RIGHTS COURSE The first animal rights course to be offered at an Illinois college and one of the first of its kind to be taught in this country, classes in "Animal Rights and the Humane Ethic" will begin on 10 September at Elgin Community College, Elgin, IL. The eight-week course will be taught by Leslie Mann Smith, former director of the Anderson Animal Shelter in South Elgin and will cover the legal rights of animals, the pet over- population problem, and the difference between humans and other animals. Participating students will be encouraged to join guest speakers in de- bating such issues as hunting/trapping , factory farming, lab animals and animals in entertainment (rodeos, circuses, dog and horse racing, and animal fighting). Anyone wishing more information should call ECC at (312) 888-6903. Letters To The Editor Dear Editor, Until I read the story on Nile Hippo births in Kobe, Japan, I was not aware of the world record for births from a single pair of hippos. I’m afraid I'll have to challenge the figure of sixteen births. Our pair of Nile Hippos have produced seventeen offspring. The first baby was born in 1961 and the last was born in 1985. The female, "Bubbles" is 31 years old, and the male "Bulgy" is 30 years old. The 1985 baby, a male, is still in the exhibit with his parents at age 1^ years. Because it has become increasingly difficult to find another zoo that can take male hippos, we are hoping that the record of our pair will remain at seventeen births. Mary L. Swanson Zookeeper II, Fresno Zoo 234 FROM THE PRESIDENT By-Laws Changes Proposed Dear AAZK Members: This year the AAZK Board of Directors felt it was imperative to encourage the general membership to help bring about two constitutional changes in the Association's By-Laws as Amended in December, 1982. According to our constitution the membership must be contacted when a by-law must be either adopted or amended and then voted on at the next regular or special meet- ing by majority vote. We would like to see these changes voted on at the Winnipeg National AAZK Conference. Since most of the delegates are pre- sent the first day of papers, these two constitutional changes will be brought before the Membership to be either accepted or repealed by major- ity vote on Monday, September 29, after the first break, if a quorum is present. Since there has been so much confusion concerning Article VII, Section 10 of the Constitution, many members approached the Board and requested that we propose that this by-law be rewritten. Presently this by-law states - "Allocation of Funds. Any funds generated by a National Convention which remain after costs will be split equally by the host chapter and the par- ent National Association. Profits made on chapter projects (which are sanctioned by the National Association) will also be split equally between the chapter and the National Association." The latter part of this by-law which deals with the 50/50 split on a chapter project sanctioned by Nat- tional is the section for which clarification has been requested. In the past, use of the Association's logo must always receive National Board approval when used for a chapter fundraising project but did not require a 50/50 split with National unless the item was sold nationally. If a chapter item is being sold for profit on a national level, regardless if the National logo is being used or not, the chapter is still using the AAZK organization to promote the sale and distribution of the goods so to protect the Association these items must be sanctioned by National. There- fore we would like to see Article VII, Section 10 read as follows ... "Al- location of Funds. Any funds generated by a National Convention which remain after costs will be split equally by the host chapter and the par- ent National Association. Any chapter project which shows association with the National organization, including the use of the logo or use of the words "American Association of Zoo Keepers" must receive a priori approval from the Board of Directors. Any chapter project which is to be marketed on a national level must receive priori approval from the Board of Directors. All profits made on such projects previously approv- ed by the Board must be split equally between the chapter and the National Association. " The other by-law in question is Article III, Section III, which states that the Nominations and Elections Committee Chairperson is solely re- sponsible for tallying the votes during an election year. Nowhere does it state that the NEC chairperson may or may not run for a Board position while assuming his or her role. Therefore, we would like to propose that the following be added under Article III, Section II: "No member of the Nominations and Election Committee may seek office or accept nomination for office while serving on this Committee." Both these changes will be discussed thoroughly until the National AAZK Conference in Winnipeg. We would appreciate any input from the member- ship regarding these changes. 235 Births|^ Hatchings IS IT A WORLD RECORD? So asks Pierre Poirier, A.H.T. from the Societe Zoologique de Granby in Granby, Quebec, Canada, when reporting that on Thursday, 5 June of this year their female boa constrictor gave birth to seventy-seven (77) babies. Out of this litter only two were stillborn; the other 75 are all in excellent health. They weigh an average of three ounces (85 g) and measure 20 inches (50cm) . Pierre reports that each al- ready has its own personality, either good or bad but that their keepers couldn't be prouder of these newborn. Only the cigars are missing. Con- gratulations and good luck! Three's a charm for the Oklahoma City Zoo reports AAZR Chapter Secretary Cheryl Jones. After three years of egg production, OKC Zoo's Secretary Birds have finally laid three fertile eggs. One egg was successfully hatched and is currently being hand-raised on a diet of mice, rats, and day-old chicks. Other notable hatchings this year include two Red-fronted macaws and two Spectacled owls. A very noticable addition to OKC Zoo's walk-through aviary are two pairs of Crested Screamers. After only two weeks in the exhibit, they began nest building. First time hatchings for the OKC Zoo of four golden poison dart frogs and nine oriental fire-bellied toads are significant accomplishments by their Herpetarium crew. They would also like to report the spring hatching of three Albino Indian Cobras. Cheryl also reports that the Children's Zoo staff have been kept busy this month with the care and feeding of a new male Giant Red Kangaroo. He was found in an off-exhibit kangaroo pen at the estimated age of five months. This is the youngest kangaroo that the Zoo's nursery staff has attempted to raise. Congratulations to all the OKC Zoo staff on these recent additions. From Kathy Voigt, Veldt Keeper - This year has been very successful for the stork breeding project here at the Fort Wayne Children's Zoo & African Veldt. We are currently raising thirteen (13) European white storks {C_^ CA.C.oyUd] , six of them by hand. These are hatchlings from four of our six pairs of white storks. In the last five years, we have raised a total of 31 white storks, quite a feat considering that in the twenty years from 1961 to 1981, the total number of white storks raised by all the zoos in the en- tire country was twenty-three (23). The white stork is one of only four species of storks to be successfully bred here in the U.S. Fourteen of the seventeen different species are kept in this country. Carolyn Kennedy of the Audubon Zoo in New Orleans reports the hatching of 0.0.2 Rhinoceros hornbill at her facility. April through June births also included 0.1 Siamang and 1.0 Brown lemur. (Editor' -6 note.: OuA thanks to tho^e. Mho 6ubYrUXte.d tn{^onmatton ion. tku month’ ^ BSH column. We oAc ^ttll Accetvtng listings oi btnth^ and hatch- ings iAom many oi ou/i Acgulan contntbutons . We cncoa/iagc you to please ettheA Submit BBH InioAmatlon In the neM ioAmat used oven the past iew months, on to at least note on youA listing Mhy these blAths on hatchings one significant to youA Institution, We neallze a change- oven to a ncM fonmat Isn’t alMays easy to accomplish, but Me slncenely appneclate youn coopenatlon. We Mawt to Include youn Infonmatlon so please take the fee extna minutes to submit It In the neM fonmat, — Alice hiisen. Executive Edlton, AKf, 236 Coming Events THE 1986 AAZPA ANNUAL CONFERENCE Sept. 14-19, 1986 Apple Valley, MN Hosted by the Minnesota Zoological Garden. For more information, contact Dave Bender, Minnesota Zoological Graden, 12101 Johnny Cake Ridge Road, Apple Valley, MN 55124 (612) 432-9010. THE SEVENTH ELEPHANT MANAGEMENT WORKSHOP Sept. 25-27, 1986 Calgary, Alberta, Canada Hosted by the Calgary Zoological Society. For more information contact: Greg Tarry, Calgary Zoological Society, P.O. Box 3036, Stn. B., Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2M 4R8. 1986 AAZK NATIONAL CONFERENCE Sept. 28-Oct. 2, 1986 Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada Hosted by the Assiniboine Park Zookeepers' Association. The conference theme is "Animal Integrity in Captivity". For more information see inserts in this issue of AKF or contact Bob Debets, Assiniboine Park Zoo, 2355 Corydon Ave. , Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3P 0R5. "THE ZOO-UNIVERSITY CONNECTION: COLLABORATIVE EFFORTS IN THE CONSERVATION OF ENDANGERED PRIMATES" Oct. 15-17, 1986 Maidson, WI Co-sponsored by the Wisconsin Regional Primate Research Center and the Milwaukee County Zoo. Topics to be discussed include reproductive biology, primate medicine, behavior, conservation, public awareness programs and exhibit design. Enrollment limited. Deadline for registration is 1 Sept. Contact: Ann Savage, Directors Office, Wisconsin Regional Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, 1223 Capitol Ct. , Madison, WI 53715-1299. AFRICAN RHINO WORKSHOP October 26-28, 1986 Cincinnati, OH Workshop conducted by the Cincinnati Zoo and sponsored by the Zoological Society of Cincinnati and Wild Animal Habitat. For more information, contact Ed Maruska, Cincinnati Zoo, 3400 Vine St., Cincinnati, OH 45220 (513) 281-4701. THE SECOND INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BREEDING BIRDS IN CAPTIVITY Feb. 11-15, 1987 Universal City, CA Honoring Jean Delacour, the symposium will be hosted by the International Foundation for the Conservation of Birds. To be held at the Sheraton Premier, Universal City, CA. For further information, contact: I.F.C.B., 11300 Weddington St., North Hollywood, CA 91601 (818) 980-9818. 237 An Encouraging Mrd. AMERICAN ALLIGATOR CONTINUES ITS AMAZING REBOUND THROUGHOUT THE SOUTHEAST Slowly, the American alligator continues its crawl back to a brighter future. The prehistoric reptile, considered a species in trouble as re- cently as two decades ago when it was first federally listed as endangered, has rebounded to the point that the USFWS consider the alligator biologic- ally secure throughout its range in the Southeast. "We're on the verge of a success story with the American alligator," says Frank Dunkle, Director of USFWS. "One of the earth's oldest species that has remained unchanged for 200 million years had reached a point by the late 1960's that it was rapidly disappearing in places where poaching had become a severe threat. With vigorous federal and state law enforcement, sound management practices, and the remarkable resiliency of the species, we've reversed the situation in less than 20 years." Today's optimism is in sharp contrast to the belief in years past that poaching and other types of illegal harvest had so reduced alligator num- bers that the species would never recover. Through a coordinated series of crackdowns by federal and state wildlife law enforcement agents in the Southeast, a major reducation in poaching was achieved. The Service now proposes that the alligator be reclassified in seven states- Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma and South Carolina. The alligator previously has been reclassified in Louisiana, Texas, and Florida where the reptile's concentrations are the heaviest. This action would change the species' listing from "endangered" or "threat- ened" to "threatened by similarity of appearance". This designation ack- nowledges that the alligator has recovered in these seven states, but technically holds the species on the Endangered Species List under a spec- ial category j That category indicates that American alligators, and par- ticularly the commercial products made from alligators, could so closely resemble other crocodilians that the difficulty in distinguishing between listed and unlisted species could pose a threat to the species. The alligator has increased to such an extent in Louisiana, Texas and Florida that these states have undertaken controlled harvests of the species. Similarity of appearance provisions allow for such programs, but impose rigid rules to insure that these hunts will not jeopardize the species and that the meat, leather, and other goods put into trade are clearly distinguishable from those taken from illegally taken alligators in areas where they have until now been considered endangered. The alligator remains one of the most difficult species to census because of its wide distribution through the Southeast and its solitary and noc- turnal movements. No comprehensive national population estimates exist for the species, although night counts along waterways in most southern states show a remarkable increase in the number of alligators spotted by biologists. In Alabama, for instance, biologists report a thousand per- cent increase in large alligators between the mid-1970's and the early 1980' s. South Carolina showed an increase of 1,633 percent during the same period. Smaller gains were indicated in Arkansas and Georgia, though Mississippi reported a small decline in the same study. Overall, these seven states represent a small portion of the known alligator habitat and, in turn, alligator populations. Fully 83% of the water habitat considered alligator habitat is found in Louisiana, Texas, and Florida where the species is flourishing. 238 Quality exotic animai diets Fixed formuiation Nutritionally balanced Economical N.msK* Frozen feline diets Frozen bird of prey diets Frozen canine diet Chunk and chopped horsemeat, hearts, livers, rib, shank, and knuckle bones Zu/Pteenf Feline canned Primate canned Marmoset canned Omnivore dry Primate dry SPECTRUM Banana flavored primate, 1 5% protein Banana flavored primate Pro-Plus, 25% protein Omnivore dry Polar Bear dry Ratite dry Hoofstock supplement, with Selenium When you need a complete line of high-quality dry, canned, and frozen animal diets for your feeding program, call Animal Spectrum today. In Nebraska, call collect 402/488-6492. Animal SPECTRUM Inc. Box 6307 Lincoln, NE 68506-0307 Conference 86 WINNIPEG • MANITOBA • CANADA WORKSHOPS - CCMFERENCE '86 During the Conference we will be presenting a number of workshops. We have scheduled a Health and Safety Workshop, a Photography Workshop with renowned Canadian photographer, Robert Taylor and a Zookeeper Training Workshop. We hope these meetings will provide useful inform- ation for practical application. The Photography session will involve techniques for photographing captive and wild animal life; a useful resource for research purposes or general documentation. The Keeper Training session will discuss formal and informal training methods; how training prograins are started and updated or enhanced. If your zoo is involved in a keeper training program or is working on one, we would appreciate you bringing any materials you have v\^ich could be shared at the workshop (procedure guides, training manuals, training videos, information boards, etc,) . All materials will be returned to you. We hope this session will generate a lot of ideas through round-table discussion and provide a direction for planning a training program, or, at least, iirproving an existing one, at your zoo. EIEIPER^ onference: RONICLES 6V MARK DE DENU^ ^^WORK^HOP^^ . 4i6M/ 1V£ DREAMED OF BEINOt A FAMOUS WILDl.iFe PMoToaRAPHER, ^aptuRina on Film the manv Facets of ANIMAL behavior and life, 240 CONFERENCE REGISTRATION DEADLINE Please note that the deadline for pre-registration for Conference '86 is August 15^ 1986 » Registrations received after this date must in- clude the $10.00 late fee. One day rates for individual Conference events are available. Contact Peter Elliott for details. EKHIBITORS For those who are interested in setting up a table to sell items during the Conference, please let us know in advance so that we will be able to set up the room accordingly. We would be interested in knowing how large an area you require, number of tables, and whether you require a power source. We will be charging $25 (Cdn) a day or $50 for the week as a fee. The room will be secured v\iien we are away from the meeting area eg. Zoo trip, evenings, etc. We wish to provide a well planned display area, so please advise us as soon as possible of your needs. Send all requests to: Bob Debets, Exhibitors, c/o Assiniboine Park Zoo, 2799 Roblin Blvd. Winnipeg, Manitoba R3R 0B8. ARRIVAL TIMETABLE All those delegates ^lo have not been able to indicate their arrival times in Winnipeg on their registration forms are asked to send us this information as soon as possible. Sending this information (on a postcard) will help us arrange an airport pickup schedule or other pickup service. Send postcard in care of Conference '86, 2799 Roblin Blvd. Winnipeg Manitoba R3R 0B8. Thanks. ART BY /nV AkWARD WiNNINfit ON f RONT COVERS or (kREftt MAGAZINES ! 241 GREAT DISCOVERY ADVENTURES 'Specialists in Worldwide Nature and Adventure' On behalf of the Assiniboine Park ZooKeepers Association, Great Discovery Adventures has organized three post Conference adventure trips. We invite you to join us as we reveal the meaning of the phrase, "Heartland Canada" Package #1 Gull Harbour Getaway ! I Cost; $80 (Cdn)/ "Mikely" or the magnificent island is how the original Icelandic settl- ers referred to Hecla Island. In 1876 the eruption of Mount Hecla initiated the migration of thousands of Icelanders to Manitoba. Set in the heart of Lake Winnipeg, Hecla Island lays claim to rugged limestone cliffs, vast marshes and forests, a thriving moose populat- ion, and remnants of an Icelandic settlement. The resort itself expresses the Icelandic heritage of the area; rough sawn cedar exterior, large fireplace, stone chimney and Scandinavian furnishings . Your adventure includes: one-nights accomodation, transportation by passenger van, guide to interpret the natural history of the area. Space is limited to 20 persons. Dates: October 4-5 Package #2 Riding Mountain National Park I ! Cost: $285 (Cdn) $211 (US) Manitoba's only national park offers a unique blend of outdoor adventure with nature and human history interpretation. We invite you to join professional naturalist Dan Weedon for a trip on horseback through an ecological mecca of spruce and pine forest and abundant wildlife. Your adventure includes: one-night on the trail, meals v^ile riding, one-night hotel accomodation, transportation by passenger van. Space is limited to 10 persons. Dates: October 3,4 and 5 Package #3 Mantario Wilderness Canoe Adventure Cost: $85 (Cdn) $62 (US) Granite outcrops, mixed forest, and a myriad of freshwater lakes are revealed to those v\^o venture into Mantario. Designated as a wilder- ness park, travel through Mantario is restricted to non-motorized means of transportation; a true wilderness adventure. As your paddle breaks the stillness of the early morning waters you will have embarked on a five hour trek to Mantario Lake and the comfortable lodge that awaits your arrival. Your adventure includes: two-nights accomodation, canoes and related equipnent, meals, transportation by passenger van and guides. Space is limited to 16 persons. Dates; October 3-5 If you are interested in any of these post-Conference adventures, please contact: Roy Schiesser, Great Discovery Adventures, 89 Laurent Drive, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3V ISl 242 mAT IS A CHINESE AUCTION?? This year in Winnipeg we are planning both a live auction and a Chinese auction. The live auction will be held, as it has been in past years, on the Thursday night following the banquet . We hope to inake this auction short but sweet by holding a dinner/Chinese auction on Tuesday night. The bulk of items brought will be in the Chinese auction ( t- shirts, posters, etc.) . They will be on display with a ticket box for each item. Duplicate numbered tickets will be sold; 20C each/ 30 for $5.00. You keep half of your ticket and put the other half in the boxes of the items you would like to win. After the dinner the boxes will be brought to the front and a draw will be made for each prize. The number will be read from the ticket drawn and if you hold that ticket you are a lucky winner in this year's Chinese auction. Remember: the more tickets you put in a box, the better your chances of winning; and the proceeds do go to a good cause! 1 1 As mentioned above, there will be a dinner with the Chinese auction. We WDuld like it to be a ' T-shirt Party ' , so bring your favorite t-shirt to wear for this function. Animal t-shirt. Zoo t-shirt, v\iiatever you think appropriate bring it and wear it; there will be prizes I One more note; if you are bringing an auction item, please fill out and bring the 'auction card' that is in your confirmation pac that we mail to you. This will help us out a lot in setting up the auctions. Sunday, September 28 Board of Directors Meeting, Registration, Ice Breaker Monday, September 29 Tuesday, September 30 Wednesday, October 1 Thursday, October 2 Friday, October 3 Papers Presentation, Free Evening Photography Workshop, Zoo Tour (Assiniboine Park Zoo) , Lunch, Workshop, Chinese Auction Hammock Marsh Tour, Lunch, Workshop, Zoolynpics Papers Presentation, General Meeting, Banquet/Auction Post-Conference Trip to Churchill, Manitoba 243 AIR CANADA CONVENTION CENTRAL The 1986 A.A.Z.K. National Conference is registered with Convention Central, Air Canada's exclusive reservation service for convention delegates. Benefits include: CONVENTION FARE The reservation facilities of Convention Central offers delegates centr- alized, toll free reservation services in Canada and the United States. For delegates travelling within Canada, Air Canada offers a convention fare which is 20% off the regular econorr^ fare. For delegates travel- ling from the United States to Canada, Air Canada offers a convention fare which is 25% off the regular econon^ fare. These fares are avail- able only through Convention Central and are subject to certain cond- itions as follows: - Reservations and ticketing 7 days prior to departure, - Minimum stay of 2 nights and maximum stay of 15 days, - A cancellation fee of $20.00 will be assessed when passenger fails to use confirmed space as specified on the ticket and requests a refund although changes can be made in the reservation at any time. HERE'S ALL YOU DO Call our toll-free number, identify yourself and your conference, and our convention specialists will do the rest. Anyone interested in pre- or post-conference accommodations (K.A.L. ) are asked to contact: Conference '86, Assiniboine Park Zoo, 2799 Roblin Blvd. , Winnipeg, Manitoba, CANADA, R3R 0B8, Attn: Harold Masters (KAL) . Conference 1986 A.A.Z.K. NATIONAL CONFERENCE REGISTRATION FORM Sept. 28 - Oct. 2, 1986 Please type or print. (One name per form) Return this form with your fee to: Peter Elliott Registration Co-ordinator 2799 Roblin Blvd. Winnipeg, Manitoba CANADA R3R 0B8 Please make payment to: Assiniboine Park ZooKeepers Association (Money order or bank draft preferred) . NOTE: t±ie deadline for pre-registration is Aug. 15, 1986. 1986 REGISTRATION NAME ADDRESS CITY STATE/PROV. ZIP/POSTAL CODE PHONE # ( ) ZOO AFFILIATION IF APPLICABLE AREA OF INTEREST VEGETARIAN YES NO Specify: lac to, ovo, vegan, macrobiotic, kosher PARTICIPATING IN ZOOLYMPICS YES NO miiL BE SUBMITTING A PAPER YES NO ($20.00 will be refunded on acceptance of paper) BRINGING AN AUCTION ITEM: describe briefly ARE YOU INTERESTED IN A CONFERENCE T-SHIRT: YES NO S M L XL A.A.Z.K. MEMBERSHIP STATUS AND FEES MEMBER OR SPOUSE NON-MEIVBER LATE FEE TOTAL FEES ENCLOSED ONE DAY RATES FOR INDIVIDUAL CONFERENCE EVENTS ARE A^ILABLE. CONTACT PETER ElilOTT FOR DETAII5. $55.00 each (U.S.) $70.00 each (U.S.) $10.00 (after Aug. 15) $ ARRIVAL BY (car, plane, etc. ) (let us know if you need pick-ij^) assistance; forward us your arrival date, time and place) . HOTEL RESERVATION REQUEST AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF ZOOKEEPERS NATIONAL CONFERENCE sept. 28 - Oct. 2 Please check desired room type and rate - if room type is not available at rate requested, reservation will be made at nearest available rate. Rooms are held until 4:00 p.m. of arrival date. Credit card guarantee or deposit is advisable. All prices quoted are in Canadian funds. There is a 6% sales tax. Room Type (please check) : Single queen room - $65.00 single, $70.00 double. Room has one queen size bed; smaller in sq. footage (280 sq.ft) and room type does not have a balcony. King room - $70.00 single, $75.00 double. Room has one king-size bed - total square footage is 504 ft. Room features a conversation area and balcony. Queen/Queen room - $75.00 single, $80.00 double, triple or quad. Room has two queen-size beds. TPtal square foot- age is 504 ft. Room features a conversation area and balcony. Please check: 1. ______ Guaranteed reservation (arrival after 4:00 p.m.) Requires: Credit Card name Credit Card number Expiry date or Deposit (One night's stay) 2. 4:00 p.m. arrival or prior If no arrival tiine is indicated, rooms will be held only until 4 pm. Name Sharing with Address City Prov/State _________________ Postal Code/ Zip Arrival Date _________ Departure Date ________ Hour ______ am/pm. Send this complete form to: Sheraton Winnipeg, 161 Donald Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3C 1M3 Attn. Reservations. NOTICE TO MEMBERS OF MEMBERSHIP RENEWAL PROCEDURES Over the years there seems to have been a considerable amount of confusion on the membership renewal process, especially in reference to how long a member is maintained on the AKF mailing list before being dropped. Hope- fully the following outline will help explain the renewal process and if this format is followed by renewing members, there should be no interrup- tion in their AAZK/AKF mailings. 1. Three months before a member's expiration date, a card notifying them of their need to renew their AAZK membership is sent. 2. At the beginning of the month in which an individual's membership is to expire, they are sent a "Final Reminder" card. If the member renews within that expiration month, there is no interruption in mailings. If a member fails to nenew within that month, their name is dropped off the active computer amiling list and they WILL NOT receive the next month's issue of AKF. (i.e. if you are due to renew in July and do not do so, you will not receive the August issue.) 3. If a member renews his/her membership after the expiration date, they will be reactivated on the mailing list. HOWEVER, depending on what time during the month the renewal is received, that person may end up missing up to two copies of the Forum. We have a cutoff date with our computerized mailing service for inserting additional mailing labels and if the renewal comes in after that date, that name is not added to the list until the next month. 4. After a member is dropped from the mailing list for (1) failure to renew or (2) failure to notify National Headquarters of an address change, and subsequently renews, they are NOT sent back issues which they may have missed due to late renewal or failure to notify National of an address change. These missed issues may be purchased for $1.00 per copy but will not be sent free. 5. Members are also reminded that the Association pays a charge of 20c per listing each time an individual's name is either deleted or added to the computer's mailing list. This is in addition to a 30<: postage due fee which is assessed when a member moves and does not notify us of his/her new address. As you can see, this can become quite costly to the Association and so your prompt reply to your renewal notice is important and greatly appreciated. PROMPT RENEWAL SAVES AAZK TIME AND MONEY AND ASSURES YOU CURRENT MAILINGS MEET THE AAZK BOARD OF DIRECTORS - Susan Barnard \{E(iU.on.'6 note.: Thu -U thz 6£.coyid -In a liv^-pcuvt ■Int/iodacing tkn > inciivTdaat^ Mho make, up the, AAIK Boa/id ol Vuie-CtoAJ). The^e. de,dLicXae,d K.e,e,pe/u> Igi-ue theJJi tame, and t£d,e,ntu to keZp make, the, A^^ocitatlon Moh.k, g/iou) and Ue/Lue the neecU o^ the zookeeptng p^o^eA-6ton. ) I began searching for my "calling" after a series of events that forced me to make some decisions about my life. At one time, I was the "world's oldest vet student", while attending the College of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Florida. Prior to entering vet school, however, I was a "diener" in the Shands Teaching Morgue, Gainesville, FL, where 1 assisted pathologists in autopsies. At the same time, 1 moonlighted at the eye bank, collecting corneas from the deceased for research and transplant, and was a research assis- tant in the University of Florida's Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Anatomy. At various times in my life 1 have owned and operated a golf course, was an offset printer, a telephone operator, a secretary, a cabinet maker, and taught American Red Cross swimming, lifesaving and SCUBA diving. Through it all, 1 managed to raise two children, a son and daughter, now ages 24 and 26. It was not until I was working as a veterinary extern at the former Atlanta Zoo that I finally discovered the direction in which my career was to go. I became a zoo keeper in 1979, at the age of 44, and have never had regrets. Working with collaborators and under grants from the Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, the American Association of Zoo Keepers, and the Atlanta Zoological Society, I have discovered two new species of coccidia and published over 50 papers dealing mainly with aspects of rep- tile husbandry and parasitology, in both national and foreign journals. Many of these articles have appeared in AKF. Besides research, two of my most challenging projects at the zoo include the development of a blow-gun dart for use in the humane vaccination of the more nervous animals at the zoo, and the running of the zoo's softball team for three years. Lately, my schedule has been especially hectic. Aside from trying to complete my reptile keeping book, I present bat conservation programs, wet-labs on reptilian husbandry and parasitology, and whenever possible, promote bat conservation and Zoo Atlanta in newspaper and magazine articles, and on television. At the new Zoo Atlanta, I am Senior Reptile Keeper, responsible for the most venomous snakes in the absence of the reptile curators. I am also responsible for my own section of animals that includes such diverse specimens as tropical rattlesnakes, Gila monsters, frogs, cockroaches, tarantulas, diamondback terrapins, and Morelet's crocodiles. As an out- let for my artistic energies, I also design and construct naturalistic exhibits, paint dioramas, and create graphics and signage for all deaprt- ments within the zoo. The mtcAo6cope au one o^ the tootu oi the tmde ion. Suuan iA)hen Mon.ktng on hen. ne^eaneh tnto neptlle panjondXology. 245 I MEET THE AAZK BOARD OF DIRECTORS - SUSAN BARNARD, ConUnued I ran for the AAZK National Board of Directors because I felt that new blood in the organization would lead to fresh ideas. I support the notion that you reap what you sow; therefore, I would like to see more member- ship involvement in AKF, at conferences, and especially keepers sharing with keepers their knowledge and talents. Unfortunately, there are too many members who have not participated in their professional organization, beyond receiving AKF. Imagine what can be accomplished if each member were to start now to excell beyond his or her daily chores. By exercising that creative outlet, one can attempt to insure a more secure future for native and exotic animals and also reduce the rate of keeper burn-out caused by monotony or frustration. I will personally assist those keepers striving to hone their skills in research and publishing, or any other activities that will promote AAZK in the zoological community through ani- mal conservation and public education. Keepers, let's get together to support our profession through AAZK. Don't be satisfied solely with cleaning cages; you have the unique opportunity to get truly involved in the wonderful world of animals! As zoo keepers, we have pushed ourselves beyond the daily grind of animal care. Our efforts now include research and publishing, and educating our zoo sup- porters. We have come a long way; yet, there is a plateau we have yet to reach... In the years ahead, we must set our sights to achieving the very best, be it in the quality of life for our animals, the quality of exhibits and graphics in our zoos, the magnitude and impact of our educational pro- grams, or the ultimate success of world wide conservation efforts. We hold the future in our hands! Publications Available Clinical Laboratory Procedures - Parasitology - 192 pages, 1984 reprint. Cost: $13.00. Order #008-070-00351-1 from U.S. Government Printing Office, Dept. SSMC, Washington, DC 20402, Make check or money order payable to Superintendent of Documents. Payment also may be made by Visa or Master- card, furnishing expiration date. This manual is concerned with direct laboratory procedures used in recov- ery and identification of human parasites and related species. Portions of the procedures can be cookbooked. The difficult part, microscopic examination, cannot. Successful microscopy varies directly with the de- gree of intensive training and experience of the examiner. Accurate clin- ical diagnosis of parasitic diseases is difficult, making laboratory con- firmation desirable. Demonstrating the diagnostic stage or stages of the parasites by directly examining specimens is the most reliable method of establishing the diagnosis of most parasitic. The primary purpose of this manual is to present a ready reference for the laboratory technician who is required to perform parasitologic examinations. Although many good procedures are not included, it does contain representative procedures that are reliable and that will cover most circumstances. 246 THE LITTLE CHAPTER THAT COULD - BUT WQN^T SubmiXtO-d by tko. Membe/u the, Tucson AAZK Chapter At the opening of his play "Lady Windemers Fan", Oscar Wilde was asked if he thought the play would be a success. Oscar replied, "The play is already an enormous success. I only hope the audience will be." And so the 1986 Tucson Chapter AAZK Calendar was an enormous success when the first copy was printed. We had accomplished our task, reached our goal, finished the pro- ject we had set out to do. The only thing left to do was wait to see if the audience would be successful — and you were. We sold almost all our calendars; it was very encouraging. About February sales began to drop off and we thought we would have a little time to relax, but as we looked at the production schedule for the 1987 calendar, we realized that it was time to have another swap meet, start the ads for photos and information in the AKF, and solicit calendar ads from businesses. February and March went by without a break from the calendar. April and May came and went and the pressure continued to build. Our graphic artist had set a deadline, we needed to make some format changes, the printer’s costs had gone up, should we hire another printer? Should we offer advanc- ed sales at a discount? Should we try to lower the price of the calendar? How will we raise the money? Then, in June, it all came to a halt. At the June meeting we discussed the calendar project and how we felt about it. The calendar had become a Frankenstein’s monster; our beloved creation would soon turn and kill us. Because of the nature of calendar production, a few people had taken over decision making as a means of expediting the work and the rest of the mem- bers felt frustrated about how to make a contribution. Attendance at our monthly meetings began to drop because the calendar was taking up all our time. Ironically, the few that were the most heavily involved were the last ones to see the problem. In June we did some soul-searching, and remembered why we started this chapter. We are a group of unique individuals with a variety of hobbies and lifestyles who are drawn together by a common interest — animal keep- ing. The calendar project precluded any talk about animals or keeping techniques, it consumed and dominated our monthly meetings and that’s not the purpose of this group. This is not a market and design chapter of the Jaycees. And so with a bit of regret and a bit of relief, we leave the calendar project. Not because we couldn’t accomplish that task, but because ac- complishing it would destroy our Chapter. Thanks to all who helped to make the 1986 calendar an enormous success and to those who have contributed to the 1987 calendar. If you sent us photo- graphs, they will be returned to you soon. That doesn’t mean we don’t have more projects planned, quite the contrary. We can plan more projects now that we have a little extra time and we are going to be involved in fund-raising, community service, sponsoring a keeper to the National Conference, and a surprise. Gee, I guess that makes the 1986 calendar a collector’s item? 9 247 KEEPERS AND ZOO RESEARCH By Kcuim Waclu, A66^tant C-incJ^nnatl Zoo, C-incA-VLYWitl, OH The Cincinnati Zoo’s African Plains exhibit is home to some pretty illus- trious ungulates. First, there's an eland by the name of "E.T." - she was born in 1983 to an eland surrogate, becoming the first exotic animal born following a nonsurgical embryo transfer. Then there's another eland named "Pros tee", born more than two years after being conceived! As an embryo she was held in frozen storage for nearly years prior to being transferred to an eland surrogate for gestation. And what about the bongo antelope twins "L.A. Delay" and "T.C."? These animals were born six days apart in June 1984 to two different surrogates, one of which was not even a member of the same species. They had been collected at the seven- day-old embryo stage from a female bongo at the Los Angeles Zoo and hand- carried in a test tube across the continent back to Cincinnati where they were transferred into surrogates for gestation. What do these animals have in common? They are all a part of the history- making reproductive research efforts of the Cincinnati Wildlife Research Federation (CWRF) . The CWRF was formed in 1981 by the Cincinnati Zoo, Kings Island Wild Animal Habitat, and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, with the goal of furthering the propagation of endangered species. Since its beginning, the Federation has made significant strides in reproductive research and has become a leader in the application of embryo transfer to exotic animals. Another common bond that these embryo transfer animals share is that they are each living under the watchful eye of Steve Romo. Most people assoc- iated with the Cincinnati Zoo know Steve. In his 14 years of work as a full-time zoo keeper, his expertise in animal management and care has be- come finely honed. As head keeper of the veldt and deer line at the Cincinnati Zoo, Steve is responsible for the care of over 100 animals. Steve takes his job very seriously. His interest in animals is much more than a livelihood - it is a way of life. Most of his vacations have been spent traveling to zoos and game preserves throughout the world to learn all that he can about the safe capture, care and transport of exotic ani- mals, especially ungulates. He has picked up a great deal of expertise from the friends and contacts he has made during his travels, including two very well-known and experienced animal people - Tony Parkinson and John Seago. The Zoo has been responsible for sending Steve on some interesting inter- national adventures as well. Two years ago, the Zoo sent Steve to Malaysia for two months to work with the Malaysian Wildlife Department in the care of a rare Sumatran rhino that had been rescued from a rubber plantation. This past Fall, Steve was sent to Antwerp to work with zoo officials there in caring for some okapi which eventually will be sent to the Cincinnati Zoo. These animals had been airlifted from Zaire to Belgium on the first leg of their journey to Cincinnati. Steve's association with CWRF began a number of years ago. One of his first projects was to obatin a daily vaginal smear from the Zoo's female bongo so that Research Director, Dr. Betsy Dresser, and her colleagues at the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine could chart her estrous cycle. As you might imagine, this was no easy task. It took two months 248 KEEPERS AND ZOO RESEARCH, CowUnii^d of conditioning before this animal would allow Steve to approach her and obtain the daily smear. If you think that trying to condition a bongo antelope would be difficult and dangerous, how about conditioning a 3000- pound rhinoceros! After spending six months in a painstakingly slow con- ditioning process, Steve was able to begin obtaining daily milk samples from Princess, one of the Zoo’s two female black rhinos. Steve collected milk samples for a 14-month period to help in the development of a formula for feeding young rhinos who must be hand-raised. Conditioning an animal requires a great deal of patience, hard work and guts! It must be done completely on the animal’s terms so that a familiar routine can be set up, and the animal can develop trust in the handler. Steve laughs as he considers whether he has conditioned the animals, or they have conditioned him! Steve believes in the work that the CWRF is doing and has drummed up sup- port for its research efforts among many of his contacts throughout the world. His first concern has always been the well-being of the animals under his care, and his animal management skills have made him an integral part of the CWRF team. His relationship with Dr. Dresser is a solid one based on friendship and mutual respect. The CWRF is very lucky to have Steve on its team. KeepeA Stzvo, Rom pA.epaAyCng to colZo^ct a mttk sample ^/lom niitno at tkt CtncA-nnatt Zoo. AnaZy6t6 o^ tko, mttk -iampleA maktng po^^tblz tkd d^vetopment oi a ^ab^tUixt^ fiktno mttk {^omala to be tued tn kand- ^ejvUng nktno babte^. (Pkoto cA^cUt: Ron Aiuttng] & 249 Exhibit Options NEWEST SAN DIEGO ZOO EXHIBIT IS A BIT OF AFRICA AND A PEEK AT THE FUTURE A glimpse of a special ecosystem from the African plains and a preview of the San Diego Zoo of the 21st Century were unveiled on 4 July with the public opening of the new African Rock Kopje exhibit complex on the zoo’s northeast side. A kopje (pronounced "copy") is an island of rocks in the African grass- lands. Created by volcanic activity millions of years ago, a kopje today provides water, food and shelter to a unique group of plants and animals. Across the Serengeti Plains, a kopje can be seen from many miles away. The rocky oasis may rise more than 100 feet above the savanna. The word kopje means "little head" in Afrikaans, a reference to its appearance from a distance. Among the man-made boulders and natural rocks in the zoo’s African Rock Kopje complex, visitors will find dwarf mongooses, giant sungazer lizards, African pancake turtles, rock hyrax, Verreau’s eagles, plated rock lizards, an agile antelope called a klipspringer , and such small birds as the lilac- breasted roller, long-tailed widow bird, paradise whydah and groundscraper thrush. Set in the exhibits and along the walkway connecting them are plants common to the kopje’s ecosystem, including cycads, aloes, coral trees, mini- ature African geraniums and several types of grasses. Together, the rocks and plants and animals in their open enclosures with minimal barriers create a cohesive environment unequaled in any other corner of the zoo. A stroll through the new African Rock Kopje can evoke an eerie sense of translocation — with a small leap of imagination the zoo visitor is halfway around the world, caught up in a search for African wild- life. With its attention to detail and to context, the new exhibit complex produces a theater of nature in which the visitor plays a role. In a sense, the African Rock Kopje is a showcase for the design principles and the interactive educational concepts which will typify the San Diego Zoo of the year 2001 and beyond. The kopje complex is the first completed project in a planned 20-30 year renovation of the entire 100-acre zoo. Nine climate zones will form the basis for reorganizing the zoo’s animal and plant collections, with the African Rock Kopje becoming part of the savanna zone. Combining plants and animals found in the environment and recreating the drama of encountering animals in the wild are two of the guidelines San Diego Zoo architect David Rice and Seattle-based architectural consultants Jones and Jones have followed in developing the nearly one-half acre African Rock Kopje exhibits. Here and in future renovation of the zoo, the design- ers seek to immerse the visitor in the landscape and create a mood by ap- pealing to all the senses, to eliminate distracting objects and views, and to place the visitor in an unfamiliar world in which he or she subconscious- ly realizes the animals are dominant. Graphics and educational elements of the new exhibit are more participatory and subtle than at other exhibits. A pool of water in a rock basin along the walkway gives children a chance to splash and perhaps to associate the kopje rocks with a source of water, as do the animals of the African plains. A sandbox with a few partially buried rocks gives the playful a look at how a kopje is formed. Petroglyphs, which native artists painted on the kopjes 250 NEWEST SAN DIEGO ZOO EXHIBIT IS A BIT OF AFRICA AND A PEEK AT THE FUTURE (Continued] of Africa, have been added to the kopje of San Diego by zoo artists. Ter- mite mounds intrude upon the visitor walkway to provide a hands-on lesson on the size, shape and texture of this common kopje feature. Heated rocks, bristly klipspringer fur and three-dimensional models of feet adapted to kopje life all help add a tactile involvement to the zoogoer's trip through the African Rock Kopje. The exhibit's 64 man-made boulders are hollow but strong. Gunite, a type of concrete, was sprayed over wire frames to make the rocks, with color, shape and texture added by specially-trained artists. Some 15 tons of natural rock were included in the landscaping. The newly-completed African Rock Kopje complex was the winner of three major landscaping awards from the California Landscape Contractor's Association's San Diego chapter. The kopje project won in the special effects and public works categories, as well as the 1986 Sweepstakes Award for best overall landscaping project. Planning for the African Rock Kopje exhibits spanned more than two years and involved more than 100 staff members and consultants. Construction began in October 1985. Work is in progress on the next phase of the zoo's bioclimatic conversion. The building of a Tropical River Trail on the site of the former Cascade Canyon should be completed by late 1987 or early — San Vtego Zoo PA.e^^ Release Keeper’s Alert WILDLIFE REHABILITATORS ANNOUNCE GRANTS PROGRAM The National Wildlife Rehabilitators Association announces a small-grants program and the establishment of two awards. The grant makes funding available to support a single $1000 project or several smaller projects that total $1000 in the field of wildlife rehabilitation. Applicants must demonstrate financial need and submit a typewritten proposal that includes name(s) and resume of personnel involved, objectives of the pro- ject, a brief description of how the project will be carried out, a brief statement of the literature reviewed and an itemized budget. An annual report on progress is required. The awards include the Lifetime Achievement Award given to an individual whose primary identification is with rehabilitation of wildlife and who has contributed to this field in a major way for many years. The Signifi- cant Achievement Award is for a person who has contributed something of merit to the field in the last two years. The contribution may be a re- search finding, publication, organization of a program, etc., with a major theme in wildlife rehabilitation. Both awards consist of a plaque, $100, and free registration at the NWRA conference where the award will be pre- sented. The deadline for submittal of proposals for the grants or nomina- tions for the awards is 1 December of each year. They should be sent to; Vantet R. Ludwtg, Pk, V., AmAdi and Gaant6 Committee, (JiJttlooobAook W-ltdltie Haven, WtlZowbAook PoAe6t PAe^eJtve, P,0, Box 2339, Glen Ellyn, IL 6013S (312) 790-4900, Ext, 2S3, 9 251 KEEPER ACCOmODATION LIST UPDATE OtlvQA Cla{i{i2.y, hhdJyto Ton.oYvto loo K.A.L. was started in 1979 with several aims, primarily to help provide inexpensive accommodation for keepers traveling all over the United States and Canada. The project also promotes contact among keeeprs, fellowship in the AAZK, and information exchange at the keeper level. K.A.L. is a list of keepers or other AAZK members who are willing to put up a fellow keeper, with or without family, for one or more nights. Keepers do travel a lot, not only for workshops and conferences, but to other zoos on vacation. How does it work? The Toronto Chapter maintains a list of contact persons, one per partici- pating Chapter or institution. Each contact person keeps a list of fellow keepers in their area who are willing to put up a traveler. Anyone wish- ing to travel contacts the Toronto Chapter with a list of cities and zoos which they wish to visit; we provide them with the relevant contacts if we have them. It is up to the individual to write to the contacts and make his or her own arrangements. How can you help? Appoint someone in your Chapter as the contact for your zoo or city. Send that single name, address, zoo and home phone numbers to the Toronto Chapter. Keep your own list of colleagues who will provide accommodations. Zoos or individuals participating in this project are indicated by K.A.L. in the AAZK Membership Directory. Being a contact person doesn’t entail much work. Traveler's budgets are stretched further where hotels and motels are bypassed. Both guests and hosts make new friends with different ideas, information, and outlook on the zoo world, and it is a good way of uniting AAZK members around the world . We now have 55 contacts in 30 States, and 4 Provinces, and 2 in Holland. Become part of the K.A.L. — help it grow and enjoy its benefits! CHICAGO MUSEUM TO HOST INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON UNDERSTANDING CHIMPANZEES The Chicago Academy of Sciences is hosting an international symposium on the field and captive behavior of chimpanzees entitled "Understanding Chimpanzees" from 7-9 November 1986. More than 25 researchers will pre- sent papers. Presentations will include recent results from field observations dealing with chimpanzee intelligence, behavioral development, sexual behavior, mother-infant relationships, stone tool technology, vocal communication, conservation, and African area status reports. Of special interest are the Friday afternoon session on Bonodo social behavior, including lectures by Randall Susman and Nancy Handler, and the Sunday afternoon session on priorities for future chimpanzee research with Jane Goodall, Ann Pierce, Duane Rumbaugh, and Roger Fonts. There will also be a Saturday evening chimpanzee film festival featuring footage from many of the researchers. 252 CHICAGO MUSEUM TO HOST INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON UNDERSTANDING CHIMPANZEES, CoyvUnlM Registration for the entire symposium is $100 or $60 for students or zookeepers with identification. Individual sessions are $20 each. Dead- line for registration is 15 October 1986. For further information on the program and registration materials please contact:* UndoA^tcindlng Ckimpan- zee2>'’. The. Chicago Academy oi Sciences, 2001 No^h CloAk StAcct, Chicago, U 60614, U.S.A. 1312} 549-0606. Chapter FRESNO ZOO AAZK CHAPTER At the Fresno Zoo, our Zoo Society has a limited fund for giving finan- cial assistance to zoo staff for attending conferences and similar educational programs. The Fresno AAZK Chapter has participated in helping to increase this fund. In April we donated $300 to the fund and plan to donate a similar amount in another six months. Newly elected officers for the Fresno Zoo AAZK Chapter are: President Mary L. Swanson Vice Pres Joyce Greco Secretary Batty Barkamn Treasurer Lorraine LoStracco — MoAy L. Smn^on, P^eildcnl TOPEKA ZOO AAZK CHAPTER Newly elected officers for the Topeka AAZK Chapter are: President Piper Kimball Vice Pres Jim Leonard Secretary. . .Mike Yznaga Treasurer. . .Alice Miser — Alice 1iij>eA, T fiQxumJicn. PORTLAND CHAPTER AAZK This year marks the lOth anniver- sary of the Portland AAZK Chapter. Our sales of bulk and canned Zoo- Doo have been good this year, es- pecially after national publicity on the Johnny Carson Show. We are now developing a T-shirt using the popular design from our canned ZooDoo label. The proceeds will be used to acquire a computer for keeper use. We are also working on bringing a penguin researcher here to consult with our bird keepers and to give a lecture on her work to zoo staff and the pub- lic. Newly elected officers for 1986 are: President Elayne Barclay Co-Vice Pres Michael Illig Brett Sellers Secretary Jan McCoy Treasurer Mike Keele — Jan HeCoy, SccAela/iy News 253 AAZK Regional Coordinators Co-Directors Regional Coordinator System States East of Mississippi - Diane Krug, Rt. 1, Box 270, Hilliard, FL 32046. (904) 225-9559 (work) (904) 845-4279 (home) States West of Mississippi - Debbera Stecher, Woodland Park Zoo, 5500 Phinney Ave. North, Seattle, WA 90603. (206) 625-5402 (work) (206)745-8198 (home) Regional Coordinators John Linehan, Franklin Park Zoo, Boston, MA (617) 442-7646 (w) for the states of ME,VT,NH,MA,RI ,CT Peter Bucholz, Bronx Zoo, New York (212) 220-5100 (w) for the state of NY Gene Pfeffer, Philadelphia Zoo, PA (215) 243-1100 (w) for the states of PA,NJ,MD,DE VACANCY - for the states of VA,W.VA,D.C. Lee Payne, Detroit Zoo, MI (313) 398-0903 (w) for the state of MI Lynne Villers, Indianapolis Zoo, IN (317)547-3577 (w) for the states of IN,0H,KY Larry Sammarco, Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, IL (312) 294-4660 (w) for the states of WI,IL,M0,MN,IA Pat Hook, Riverbanks Zoo, Columbia, SC (803) 779-8717 (w) for the states of TN,NC,SC VACANCY - for the states of AL ,GA,AR,MS,LA VACANCY - for the state of FL John R. Turner, Denver Zoo, Denver, CO for the states of C0,NM,TX Steve Tigges, Tulsa Zoological Park, Tulsa, OK for the states of 0K,NE,KS,ND,SD Laurence Gledhill, Woodland Park Zoo, Seattle, WA (206) 625-5497 (w) for the states of WA,0R,ID,MT,WY,AK Art Goodrich, San Diego Zoo, San Diego, CA for the states of CA,NVsUT,AZ Honolulu AAZK Chapter (Dan Vitiello, Pres.) (808) 923-4772 (w) for the Hawaiian Islands Neville Howard Pike, Metro Toronto Zoo, Box 280, West Hill, Ontario Ml E 4R5 for the Province of Ontario, Canada Bob Debets, Assiniboine Park Zoo, 2235 Corydon Ave., Winnipeg R3P 0R5 for the Province of Manitoba, Canada (204) 489-3893 (home) Marcia Rasmussen, Calgary Zoo, P.O. Box 3036, Station B, Calgary for the Province of Alberta, Canada (403) 235-5461 (home) TheAe oAe. 6tiZt Re.g^onal CooAcUncUoA. po.6-ltioyi6 i,yi ndud oi voliiwtddn^ to i-ltt tkm. Opdn oAd the. RC po6ttton ion. the, 6t, please, aatt Vtane, Knag, Ea^teAn U.S. Rdgtovial Co-Vtne.cton, Voa may caJti. Vtane, coUte.(it at heA home, phone, {904] 545-4279 e.ve,vitng6 aiten 6 p,m, EST. The^e, thne,e, po^ttton^ oHeA a gneat oppontantty to become tnvotve.d tn AAZK and to pnovtde. a valuable, and ndce.66any 6eAvtc,e, ion the, A^^ocJjotton. 254 AAZK Belt Buckles Available From San Diego Chapter This high-quality^ solid brass belt buckle features the AAZK logo and fits a 1 3/4-inch belt An excellent way to 'wear' your support for AAZK! 1 1 Proceeds go toward AAZK National and the San Diego Chapter of AAZK. AAZK Belt Buckle Order Form Please send buckles at $16.00 each $ Shipping & handling $1. 80/one buckle or $6. 00/five buckles TOTAL ENCLOSED $ Please allow up to four weeks for delivery. Name : Address; City: State: Zip: Please make checks payable to "AAZK San Diego Chaoter" and send to: AAZK Belt Buckles c/o Terri Schuerman 15500 San Pasqual Valley Rd. Escondido. CA 92027-9614 (Belt Buckles will be available for purchase at the 1986 AAZK Conference in Winnipeg) 255 JmtiXatioyiS Making to adveAtt!>e mployrmnt oppoAtuyiltteJi axt (ukad to ^md poAttnmt data by tko, 15th oi mck month tot OpponMivuXy Knoafu/AKh , 635 Gage Blvd. ^ Topeka, KS 66606, Please tnelude elo^tng date^ ion. po^a.- tto VL6 avattable. TkoAe Tj> no ekoAjge ion, tht^ ^enjolee and phone-in tUt- tng.6 oi po6ttton6 whtch become avattable cto^e to deadline ojie accepted. GORILLA KEEPER. . .needed immediately to care for Koko and Michael, two lowland gorillas engaged in interspecies communication research. Exper- ience with great apes (preferably gorillas) required. American Sign Language preferred. Legitimate research purposes require female only. Career growth expected as the Gorilla Foundation pursues breeding program and works to establish social colony on large gorilla preserve. Contact: Dr. Francine Patterson, The Gorilla Foundation, Box 620-530, Woodside, CA 94062. KEEPER. . .required with zoo experience and who has the interest and ability to take charge of an animal collection as well as other keepers. This is a full-time position in a private zoo in northeast Pennsylvania. Salary open and based on background. Call or write: Vince Hall, Cl; Wild Animal Park, RD 1, Lake Ariel, PA 18436 (717) 698-6154. PRIMATE KEEPER. .. immediate opening available in Primate and Small Mammal Department with large diverse collection. Re- quires high school diploma but further zoological education and training is desirable. Responsible for animal care, exhibit construction and maintenance. May be required to help other zoo departments. Salary $4. 43/hour plus fringe benefits. Send resume to: Jake Yelverton, Zoo Director, Louisiana Purchase Gardens & Zoo, P.O. Box 123, Monroe, LA 71203. ZOOKEEPER. . .requires high school diploma. College-level biology courses and one year’s paid experience desirable. Salary $12 , 618-$19 , 197/year , plus benefits. Recruiting for openings September 1986 — March 1987. Send resume by 31 August to: Personnel Dept., City of Topeka, P.O. Box 1996, Topeka, KS 66601. n' Paws o p p k o n r o t c u k n s 1 t y Information Please Information is requested on breeding behavior of Kori Bustard {ChonlotlA konl] and Secretary Bird (Sfl.g-tXtdAt.Ci4 ■bCn.pevitXUiJjjM ) . Any information on courtship, nesting and chick rearing (parental or hand rearing) would be appreciated. Contact: Terri Patrick-Hummel, Savanna Keeper, Woodland Park Zoological Gardens, 5500 Phinney Ave. North, Seattle, WA 98103, 256 AAZK MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION Name Check here if renewal [ ] Address $25.00 Professional ^$20.00 Affiliate VuJUi-timz feeepeAA Othnn. and voluntQ,2A^ $25.00 International $15.00 Associate Alt membeyu out6tde. the. T.ndivtdiiat^ not aonmctcd U.S, and Canada uitth an avUmat coAe {^ac-tltty $15.00 Library $50.00 Contributing LtbnjaJiy ^ub^cAtptlon onty Ongantzatton^ and Indivtdaat6 Directory Information ; zoo Work Area Special Interests Mail this application and check or money order (U.S. CURRENCY ONLY PLEASE), payable to American Association of Zoo Keepers, Inc., to: AAZK National Headquarters, Topeka Zoo, 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606. Membership includes a subscription to Antmot KdO^pOA^' foOum. The member- ship card is good for free admission to many zoos and aquariums in the U.S. and Canada. INFORMATION FOR CONTRIBUTORS Antmat KddpeA^ ’ Vo^um publishes original papers and news items of inter- est to the Animal Keeping profession. Non-members are welcome to submit articles for consideration. Articles should be typed or hand-printed. All illustrations, graphs and tables should be clearly marked, in final form, and should fit in a page size no more than 6” x 10" ( 15cm x 25iicm) . Literature used should be cited in the text and in final bibliography. Avoid footnotes. Include scientific names. Black and white photos only accepted. Articles sent to Antmat KddpdA6’ foAum will be reviewed for publication. No commitment is made to the author, but an effort will be made to pub- lish articles as soon as possible. Those longer than three pages may be separated into monthly installments at the discretion of the editorial staff. The editors reserve the right to edit material without consulta- tion unless approval is requested in writing by the author. Materials submitted will not be returned unless accompanied by a stamped, self- addressed envelope. Telephone contributions on late-breaking news or last-minute insertions are accepted. However, phone-in contributions of long articles will not be accepted. The phone number is (913) 272-5821) DEADLINE FOR EACH EDITION IS THE 15TH OF THE PRECEDING MONTH Ahttctd^ pntvLtdd do not ndcdi^oAtly Kd^ldct thd optnton6 oi thd Avujnat Kddpd/u ' lonum ddttontat ^tall on. thd Amdntdon AhhocAatiton ol loo KddpeAS, Items in this publication may be reprinted providing credit to this pub- lication is given. Reprints may be ordered from the editor. PRINTED IN U.S. A. bela.oemeter X dept-herpetology NATL ZOOLOGICAL PARX WASHINGTON, DC 20008 Animal Keepers' Forum dedicated to Professional Animal Care ANIMAL KEEPERS' FORUM, 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606. Executive Editor; Alice Miser SEPTEMBER 1986 Managing Editor: Susan Chan VOLUME THIRTEEN Associate Editor: Ron Ringer NUMBER NINE AnAJmCit KeepcAi’ folium (ISSN 0164-9531) is a monthly journal of the American Association of Zoo Keepers, Inc., 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606. Five dollars of each membership fee goes toward the annual pub- lication costs of Avumat Kee.peAA’ VoH.um, Second Class postage paid at ‘ Topeka, KS. Postmaster: Please send address changes to: AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF ZOO KEEPERS, INC. NATIONAL HEAVQUARTERS, 635 GAGE BLl/V., TOPEKA, KS 66606 BoAbcULCL MapupmkeA, AdmTvuAtAjOutlv^ SdcnztcULy j BOARD OF DIRECTORS Jean Hromadka, San Diego Wild Animal Park PXQJ>Tdt] Animal Data Transfer Forms BoavuLq, feZdman, BuAnoX PoJtk Zoo Membership Directory Pcut SammoAco, LTnaoln PaJik Zoo Diet Notebook BA6ue ol AnZmaZ KeepeAs’ FoAum. Coordinator for Chapter Affairs GenaZd Payne, VetAoTt Zoo Awards Committee Rachel RogeA6, MZamZ MetAozoo Book Review Coordinator VZane FoAi>yth, AkAon Zoo Legislative Action Committee Becky RogenA, Topeka Zoo International Affairs Co-Coordinators and Pam McVougalZ, CaZgoAy Zoo {m2AZ] Staff Exchange ElandAa Aam, Woodland PoAk Zoo Program Library Anne M. Payne, VetAoZt Zoo Exhibit Design Form VZane FoAAyth, AkJion Zoo Keeper Accommodations List OlZoQji Claiiey, MetAo ToAonto Zoo Keeper Training Videotapes {Jayne Buchanan, Woodland PoAk Zoo TfUd month’ ^ coueA oAt ^eatuAeA a Gatapago>i> Sm L-lon and Pup d/iawn by Cathy Tatbbt 0^5 Zoo Atlanta. Sea Lton^, like ^ealA and MolAiueA, belong to the lamtly oi marine mammals known 06 Pinnipeds, a wood which mean^ "^ln-i)Ooted" . Agile mixmoAh, the Sea Lion o6e6 i}t6 {^Aont {^llppenA to pAopel iJjbeli through the wateA and iZ6 AeoA iZlppeA6 ad 06 a AuddeA. On land, all louA ^llppeA6 oAe o6ed ^oA locomotion. The iemale ”cow" l6 bAed once a yeoA by the male "bull" and a 6lngle "pup" l6 bo An a^teA a gestation penlod Aanglng iAom S-1 2 months. Thanks, Cathy! Scoops TWO INDIAN KEEPERS "ADOPTED" BY AAZK CHAPTERS As noted last month in this column, the Tucson and Atlanta AAZK Chapter have agreed to sponsor gift memberships for two Indian zoo keepers. We are pleased to announce that the Zoo Atlanta AAZK Chapter has "adopted" Mr. Pundrika Rao, Warden, Chamara j endra Zoological Gardens, Mysore, India and that the Tucson AAZK Chapter has "adopted" Mr. Babubai, Head Keeper, Hill Garden Zoo, Gujarat, India. Ms. SallyWalker, of Zoo Outreach Organ- ization in Mysore first made National AAZK aware of these two keepers and has notified us that she has several other candidates if there are other AAZK Chapters who would like to become involved in this international fraternal and educational effort. Articles by Ms. Walker on the state of India's zoos and the problems faced there will appear in upcoming issues of AKF. If any Chapter is interested in this sponsorship pro- gram, contact national for more information. THINK SAFETY COLUMN COORDINATOR NEEDED Jill Grade of the Lincoln Park Zoo in Ghicago has notified National that she will be stepping down as coordinator of this column in October. This column has been slow in taking off although we all know there are many safety tips hidden out there just waiting to be published. This column was originally envisioned to contain safety tips, articles on safety, cartoons, news clippings etc. dealing with safety. Thinking safety is an important part of every job, but is especially important when working with potentially dangerous animals. New members, this would be an easy way to get your feet wet and become involved in AAZK. AAZK and the AKF staff would like to thank Jill for her involvement and hard work on behalf of this column. TWO CORRECTIONS OF NOTE On Page 10 of the new edition of the AAZK Membership Directory, Wayne Grinder of the Cyprus Gardens facility is erroneously listed as Wayne Smith. Directory corrections/additions should be sent to Pat Sammarco' at Lincoln Park Zoo. Steve Connors, Cheyenne Mt. Zoo, writes: "In the article "Japanese 'Guiness* Record in Zoo (June AKF) Yoshi. Yonetani related the fact that 100 Reticulated giraffe have been born at the Tama Zoo in Tokyo in 28 years. He compares this with the 136 giraffe born at Cheyenne Mt. Zoo. 'And I think that the Tama Zoo had a high-speed record for just 28 years since their grand opening in contrast to the Cheyenne Mt.'s term of 60 years.’ Although the CMZ is celebrating its 60th anniversary this year, our first Reticulated giraffe did not arrive until 1954, a period of only 32 years." Births|^ Hatchings Carol J. Boyd of the Milwaukee County Zoo reports that after many anxious days and nights, Katie, one of two female Bactrian camels at the Zoo gave birth to a healthy daughter. Jewel on 18 May. Up until giving birth, as well as after, Katie and the other camels - Gobi and Carol - have been used in an educational program "Animals in Action". Because of the con- stant contact with the zookeepers, Katie was not alarmed or aggressive toward the keepers when it was time to give birth. She remained calm throughout the birth even though she needed some assistance . Katie has proven to be a great mother, Gobi, def initely the proud father, and Jewel definitely a growing camel - weighing in at 178 pounds at six weeks of age. Marge McHugh reports that 1986 has been a banner year for the Phoenix Zoo. In January the zoo opened and dedicated the new "multi-species exhibit" of an African Veldt. The special four-acre site with acacia trees and grasses grown here, and the Phoenix veldt-like weather makes an exceptionally good location for such an exhibit. The Reticulated giraffes, Elypsis waterbucks, Thomson’s gazelles, Grevy zebra, Kori bustards. Red-neck ostriches, Maribou storks, African crown cranes and Ruppells vultures are happy in their "wide open spaces". The "cast" of the Veldt exhibit has proven to be a good compatible combination. The only slight exception to this harmony of animals is the Grevy zebras. Because this particular species can be ornery, the black-and-whites have an extensive and exclusive area right next to the acerage shared by the other animals. The Membership, Zoo Volunteers, and the Public salute the Zoo Personnel for a job well done. Additionally 24 February, 1986 was a day of rejoicing at the Phoenix Zoo as twin Arabian Oryx were born, the first multiple birth in captivity in North America. These endangered babies are #167 and #168 produced at the zoo from the "World Herd" brought here in 1963. The little male, Salem, and sister, Azeeza, and their mother, year old Sonora, are "doing nicely, thank you". In April and May several significant animals were born. The first Black Asian leopard (a male), twin pronghorns (1 DNS), 1.0 Bobcat, 2.0 Desert Bighorn sheep, 0.0.2 King vultures and 0.0.1 Turkey vulture. From Janice Johnson Shores of the Tulsa Zoo - This summer at the Tulsa Zoo has brought several significant births and hatchings. Our first pancake tortoise to hatch in three years made its debut on 18 June. Egg production had been low for the last three years, and fertility nil. Changes were made in diets and in seasonal temperature changes and egg production this year increased dramatically. Our Arizona Mountain kingsnakes bred for the second year. Six eggs were laid, all were fertile, and all hatched. Perhaps even more significant than the 100% hatch rate is the fact that immediately following their first shed, all six young began to feed with- out hesitation on newborn pinky mice which has saved us much hassle and frustration and contributed greatly to keeping our zoo's wild lizard popu- lation in check. On 11 June one of our two female Cascabel rattlesnakes gave birth to 12 healthy young and one deformed, stillborn neonate. Our only previous success with this species was last season when our older female gave birth to one healthy baby, three stillborn young and numerous infertile egg masses. The success of this year’s young (all 12 are eat- ing and growing well) makes this a significant achievement for the Tulsa Zoo Reptile Department. We are also pleased to announce our first successful birth of a male Kit 258 BIRTHS AND HATCHINGS, ConUna^d fox in our Southwest Desert Building. We also believe this to be a first birth of this species in several years in a zoological Institution. In May our female Tundra wolf gave birth to 1.0.2 young. Unfortunately, none survived but this was a first for our large mammal department. Since the opening of our North American Living Museum, the bird department has had very limited reproductive success with several of our large, nat- uralistic exhibits. This year we were delighted with the hatchings of one White ibis chick in our Southern Lowlands wading bird exhibit and seven Eastern Bluebird chicks in our Eastern Forest songbird exhibit. The . addition of several very high nests in the Lowlands and two natural log j nests in the Forest made quite a difference to the exhibits and to the birds. We were also pleased with the successful hatching and difficult raising of one Trumpeter swan cygnet. Both parents were hand-reared, severely imprint- ed birds and made thier nest in a cactus garden. After weeks of broken eggs, fighting off defensive swans to provide them with shade, artifically Incubating and hatching the one remaining egg and trying to get the parents to raise the newly hatched cygnet to no avail, we were forced to acquire a duck to be a "buddy" for our cygnet. The two of them have raised each I other beautifully. Scott Silver of the Bronx Zoo AAZK Chapter informs us of several notable ! births and hatchings at the New York Zoological Park including 6.4 Hima- I layan tahr, 2.2 Barasingha deer, 3.1 Formosan sika dear, 0.0.1 Sea lion and 0.0.1 Fisherman bat. N.Y.Z.P. continued their success with the very j endangered Guam kingfisher with the hatching of 0.0.4 young. The crane ; propagation program of NYZP also produced 0.0.4 Hooded cranes in June. ’ The reptile department is also proud to announce the following hatchings: 0.0.8 Tentacled water snake, 0.0.4 Coahulan box turtle and 0.0.4 Side- ; neck turtle. Thanks, Scott. ! From Ti.geAt(ltk of the National Zoological Park - Larry Collins at the !! Conservation and Research Center in Front Royal reports the 100th Scimi- I tar -horned oryx was born on 2 June. That is a milestone for CRC, where ^ there are now about 40 of these extremely rare animals. The scimitar- j horned oryx was the first exotic species to arrive at Front Royal on 8 I June 1974. The news of the birth is particularly poignant because recent i reports from Africa indicate that no scimitar-horned oryx have been sighted I in Niger (the animals’ native range) for over a year. If any herds re- main, they are in the no man’s land in neighboring Chad caught between government forces and rebels. The herds have been decreasing since the . early 1900 ’s due to poaching, severe drought and political unrest. Hugo Lahera of the Houston Zoological Park announces the birth of 1.1 Scimitar-horned oryx at their facility. Congratulations. Other reported B&H of especially rare and/or unusual species included: 0.0.2 Golden- j headed quetzal (1 DNS), 0.0.4 Gollie’s Magpie jay (2 DNS), 0.0.2 Noctur- i nal curassow (1 DNS) and 0.0.5 Sierra Leone touraco ( 1 DNS), i Thanks to all those who contributed to this month’s B&H section. We would like to hear from many more of you out there. We would prefer that you submit your B&H information in the new format, but if you do send in a list, please note by each entry its significance to your institution. Mice. Wu>eA, Ex.ccuJU.vc EdJUon. AKF. 259 Coming Events "THE ZOO-UNIVERSITY CONNECTION: COLLABORATIVE EFFORTS IN THE CONSERVATION OF ENDANGERED PRIMATES" Oct. 15-17, 1986 Madison, WI Co-sponsored by the Wisconsin Regional Primate Research Center and the Milwaukee County Zoo, For more information contact: Ann Savage, Directors Office, Wisconsin Regional Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, 1223 Capitol Ct., Madison, WI 54715-1299. AFRICAN RHINO WORKSHOP Oct, 26-18, 1986 Cincinnati, OH Workshop conducted by the Cincinnati Zoo and sponsored by the Zoological Society of Cincinnati and Wild Animal Habitat. For more information, contact Ed Maruska, Cincinnati Zoo, 3400 Vine St., Cincinnati, OH 45220 (513) 281-4701. SIXTH ANNUAL CONVENTION OF ZOO VETERINARY TECHNICIANS Oct. 31-Nov. 2, 1986 Chicago, IL Lecture topics will include protozoan parasites, exotic animal dentistry, clinical procedures in aquatic animals, case history reports, etc. The meetings will be held at the Brookfield Zoo, Lincoln Park Zoo and Milwaukee County Zoo. Luncheons, zoo tours and transportation in Chicago are included. The registration fee is $90; students $65. For further registration infor- mation contact: Ruth Laufer, AZVT President, 2119 33rd St., Lion, IL 60099. "UNDERSTANDING CHIMPANZEES" Nov. 7-9, 1986 Chicago, IL International symposium hosted by the Chicago Academy of Sciences to focus on field and captive behavior of chimpanzees. More than 25 researchers will present papers (see August 1986 AKF, p. 252 for further program information). Registration for the entire symposium of $100 OR $60 for Zookeepers or students. Individual sessions are $20 each. Deadline for registration is 15 October. For further information contact: "Understanding Chimpanzees", The Chicago Academy of Sciences, 2001 North Clark St., Chicago, IL 60614 (312) 549-0606. THE SECOND INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BREEDING BIRDS IN CAPTIVITY Feb. 11-15, 1987 Universal City, CA Honoring Jean Delacour, the symposium will be hosted by the International Foundation for the Conservation of Birds. To be held at the Sheraton Premier, Universal City, CA. For further information contact: I.F.C.B., 11300 Weddington St., North Hollywood, CA 91601 (818) 980-9818. 260 COMING EVENTS, ConUnu^d SIXTH ANNUAL NATIONAL WILDLIFE REHABILITATORS ASSOCIATION SYMPOSIUM March 18-22, 1987 Clearwater Beach, FL Hosted by the Suncoast Seabird Sanctuary, the four-day symposium will feature qualified speakers, hands-on workshops (beginners & advanced), rehabilitation center field trips and an opportunity to exchange ideas and acquire valuable contacts. Topics of interest include; wildlife medicine, postmortem exams, banding, ageing and sexing, cage design, administration and fund-raising. For more information contact: Symposium Information, Suncoast Seabird Sanctuary, 18328 Gulf Blvd., Indian Shores, FL 33535, (813) 391-6211 ATTN: Barb Suto. AAZPA REGIONAL CONFERENCES * 1987 AAZPA Northeastern Regional Conference - 15-17 March 1987, Liverpool, NY. For more information, contact James Aiello, Ph.D., Curator Education/Docent Chairman Burnet Park Zoo, Box 146, Liverpool, NY 13088 (315) 425-3775. AAZPA Western Regional Conference - 5-7 April 1987, Fresno, CA For more information, contact Scott Ransom, Assistant Zoo Manager, Fresno Zoo, 894 Belmont Ave., Fresno, CA 93728 (209) 488-1549. AAZPA Central Regional Conference - 12-14 April 1987, Colorado Springs, CO. For more information, contact Gerald Brady, General Curator, Cheyenne Mountain Zoological Park, Box 158, Colorado Springs, CO 80901 (303) 633-0917. AAZPA Great Lakes Regional Conference - 26-28 April 1987, St. Louis, MO For more information, contact William Boever, DVM, St. Louis Zoological Park, Forest Park, St. Louis, MO 63110 (314) 781-0900. AAZPA Southern Regional - 3-5 May 1987, Tampa, FL For more information, contact Judith Breuggeman, Ph.D., Education Coordinator, Busch Gardens, Box 9158, Tampa, FL 33674 (813) 988-5171. 261 FROM THE PRESIDENT Dear Fellow AAZK Members; As the 1986 12th National AAZK Conference quickly approaches, I would like to encourage all keepers to try to participate in this uplifting event. Meeting new animal people, exchanging information and learning so many interesting new things about our field are just a few of the ad- vantages. Through these conferences an AAZK member can be introduced first hand to the different projects and committees that the Association is involved with. After attending an AAZK conference, many of us return to our zoological institutions filled with enthusiasm and anxious to try putting some of that valuable information to practical use. I would also like to take time to encourage all AAZK members to consider hosting an AAZK National Conference at your animal facility. Presently, we have not received a bid for the 1988 National AAZK Conference. The rewards for attempting such a project are overwhelming. Not only does your chapter membership grow closer together, but you will also find that after such a feat, no chapter project is too great. Please send in your bid to National Headquarters or plan to attend Winnipeg and present your proposal then. Since board members from past conferences were unable to complete AAZK business after one full day of meetings, it was proposed and approved last year in Miami by the existing National officers to meet one day earlier so that these board meetings would not overlap onto conference activities planned for that week. Therefore, the proposed agenda for the 1986 AAZK Board of Directors Meeting for the 12th National AAZK Conference held in Winnipeg will begin to conduct business on Saturday, 27 Deptember, 1986, at 8:30 a.m. in the Solarium Room located on the second floor of the Sheraton Winnipeg Hotel. Since this is the only time that National of- ficers have a chance to sit down together and discuss Association prob- lems, it was also agreed that there would be a "Closed Session" included on the agenda which would only allow National's administrative personnel to be present at that time. This "Closed Session" is scheduled for Sat- urday, 27 September from 8:30 a.m. to 12:00 noon. After our lunch break, we will open the Board meeting to all members starting at 1 p.m. Saturday's Board Meeting will resume all day until business scheduled for that day is completed. If there are still items on the agenda by dinner time, we will break off at 5:30 p.m. so that we can take in an evening meal and rest a moment before finishing up business planned for that day. Board discussions will reconvene at 7:00 p.m. and hopefully come to a close by ten in the evening. On Sunday, 28 September at 8:00 a.m., the Board meeting will once again continue throughout the day except for a lunch break which will take place from noon til 1:00 p.m. If we can adhere to the proposed agenda, I see no reason why all business cannot be accomplished before the dinner hour. I am requesting that all committee and project heads please help us make this possible through your cooperation. By turning in your annual reports on time and including all the necessary information requisitioned will lighten the Board's work load. We encourage all members, not just those affiliated with a National project, to come to these meetings and offer your ideas and suggestions. If you feel that improvements in some areas are needed or if you are thinking about getting involved with a National project, this is the perfect opportunity to achieve this. Through your contributions the Association will continue to strive for upgrading the zoo keeping profession and improving captive animal care. 262 1986 AAZK BOARD OF DIRECTORS MEETING PROPOSEV AGENVA Saturday, 27 September, 1986 MORNING ~ 8:30 a.m. Closed Session for the AAZK Board of Directors from 8:30 a.m. to 12:00 noon.' AFTERNOON - Lunch Break from 12:00 noon to 1:00 p.m. Board of Directors Meeting Open to all Conference Delegates NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS - Membership Finances IRS Classification Change Legal Transactions Constitutional Changes AAZK Logo Insurance Budget AAZK Accessories: patches, pins/charms ANIMAL KEEPERS' FORUM - Membership Brochures Career Brochures Membership Directory Biological Values for Selected Mammals II Zoonoses Booklet NOMINATIONS and ELECTIONS COMMITTEE AAZK HISTORY COMMITTEE KEEPER ACCOMMODATION LIST ANIMAL DATA TRANSFER FORMS EXHIBIT DESIGN FORMS LEGISLATIVE ADVISOR REFERENCE SEARCH BOOK REVIEWS CONFERENCE BOOK COMMITTEE PROPOSALS EVENING - Dinner Break will be from 5:30-7:00 p.m. 7:00 p.m. - reconvene Board Meeting to settle any unfinished business from Saturday's agenda and if this cannot be accomplished by 10:00 p.m., the session will adjourn until 8:00 p.m. the following day. 10:00 p.m. “ adjourn Sunday, 28 September, 1986 MORNING - 8:00 a.m. AAZK Board of Directors Meeting Open to all Delegates KEEPER EDUCATION COMMITTEE - CAUZ Churchman Proposal ZOO KEEPER FUNDAMENTALS ZOO /UNIVERSITY PROJECT 263 PROPOSED AGENDA FOR 1986 AAZK BOARD OF DIRECTORS MEETING, Continue.d MORNING - Sunday, 28 September {Coyvtlniizd) STAFF EXCHANGE KEEPER TRAINING MATERIALS IDENTIFICATION PROJECT MEMBERSHIP BROCHURE VIDEO TAPE PROJECT PROGRAM LIBRARY AWARDS COMMITTEE DIET NOTEBOOK INFANT DEVELOPMENT NOTEBOOK AFTERNOON - Lunch Break from 12:00 noon to 1:00 p.m. 1:00 p.m. - reconvene Open AAZK Board Meeting INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS CHAPTER AFFAIRS COORDINATOR REGIONAL COORDINATOR SYSTEM RESEARCH/GRANTS COMMITTEE LIBRARY RESOURCES PUBLIC EDUCATION COMMITTEE - Zoo Keepers in Educational Programs Directory Zoo Keeping As A Career Video Zoo Question Book Zoo Keeping As A Career Poster PUBLIC RELATIONS LIAISON AAZPA LIAISON TO AAZK/ CONTINUING KEEPER EDUCATION COMMITTEE AAZK LIAISON TO INTERNATIONAL ZOO EDUCATORS ANNUAL CONFERENCES - REGIONAL : 1986 Columbus Great Lakes AAZK Conference from 4-7 May in Powell, Ohio NATIONAL: 1987 13th National AAZK Confer- ence from 3-8 October in Milwaukee, Wisconsin Bids accepted for 1988 National Conference AAZK PARAPHERNALIA - Logo Stickers Logo T-shirts Belt Buckle Coffee Mugs Baseball Caps License Plates Keeper Care Buttons Calendar 264 : I Quality exotic animal diets Fixed formulation IMutritionaiiy baianced Economicai IBItilSICil ttKAI 4: r Frozen feline diets Frozen bird of prey diets Frozen canine diet Chunk and chopped horsemeat, hearts, livers, rib, shank, and knuckle bones Zu/IYeem' Feline canned Primate canned Marmoset canned Omnivore dry Primate dry SPECTRUM Banana flavored primate, 15% protein Banana flavored primate Pro-Plus, 25% protein Omnivore dry Polar Bear dry Ratite dry Hoofstock supplement, with Selenium When you need a complete line of high-quality dry, canned, and frozen animal diets for your feeding program, call Animal Spectrum today. NE CALL DOES IT ALL In Nebraska, call collect 402/488-6492. Animal SPECTRUM Inc. Box 6307 Lincoln, NE 68506-0307 MEET THE AAZK BOARD OF DIRECTORS - Oliver Claffey (EcUXok' 6 note,: TfoU t6 the tfuAd tn a. ^tve-poAt ^oAte^ tntAoductng the tndlvtdaalA who make up the AAZK BooAd VvieetonA. Thete dedleated KeepeAA gtve o^ theJji tune and tatents to help make the A^^ocJjxtton woAk, gAow and ^e/ive the needs oi the zookeeptng pAoi)esston. } I was born and grew up in Manchester, England. As a boy I developed a strong interest in Nature Study and keeping animals as pets, especially reptiles and amphibians. 1 was educated to the General Certificate of Education and worked in a variety of jobs before emigrating to Canada in late 1969. In 1973 I applied for a job as an animal keeper at the Metro Toronto Zoo which was under construction and scheduled to open in the summer of 1974. Animals were arriving regularly and I was hired to care for new acquisi- tions and prepare their habitats. When I first heard about the American Association of Zookeepers, I thought they would be a likely group to learn from and grow with. I was right. I became a member of AAZK in 1976 and was elected vice-president of our local chapter in 1978. Three years later I was elected president of the chapter and remained in that position until April 1985 when I stepped down to take over a vacated position on the Board of Directors. We are members of a unique profession. As a organization dedicated to improving the standards, knowledge and image of that profession, AAZK deserves our full support. I hope in the years to come AAZK will continue to grow as a network for animal husbandry information; will pursue working relationships with our sister organizations in other countries, and will become an association which animal keepers, serious about their work, automatically join. In his work as AAZK Board Member, Oliver has oversight of the following projects/committees: Animal Keepers' Forum, other AAZK publications in- cluding Membership and Career Brochures, Zoonoses Booklet, Biological Values II, KAL, Library Resources, Reference Search, Book Reviews, Staff Exchange, Membership Brochure, and Legislative Advisor. OttveA hand- {^eeds a Tawny TAogmouth (PodoAgiU, stAtgotdeA ) as poAt oi hts duties at the MetAo ToAonto Zoo. 266 AAZK KEEPER TRAINING VIDEO TAPE PROJECT The goal of the AAZK Keeper Training Video Tape Project is to produce quality video tape training programs suitable to supplement existing in- house training of entry level keepers. These tapes are not intended to be a complete training program in themselves. All proceeds generated from the sale of training tapes will be used to finance production of future training tapes. Two tapes are currently available. Zoo Keeper Safety; An Attitude -.Adjustment - This 18-minute program does not attempt to address the numerous variable specifics of this subject. It presents a safety approach to the job of zoo keeping, and promotes constant awareness and personal responsibility for safety. A Zoo Keeper's Introduction to Feeds and Feeding - A half hour introduc- tion to the complex subject of feeds and feeding of zoo animals. Topics covered include what, when, and where to feed. AAZK KEEPER TRAINING VIDEO TAPE PURCHASE AGREEMENT RESPONSIBILITIES AND RESTRICTIONS OF THE BUYER 1) The tape may not be duplicated or made available to any person or institution for the purpose of duplication. 2) The tape may not be utilized for any commercial purpose. 3) Should the buyer decide the tape will not be useful to their training program, the undamaged tape may be returned within 14 days of receipt for a partial refund - $10 for BETA and VHS, $18 for 3/4 inch. I, the undersigned, accept the responsibility for the restrictions list- ed above. NAME (Type or Print) SIGNATURE DATE ORGANIZATION/INSTITUTION SHIPPING ADDRESS ZIP TELEPHONE ( ) TAPE TITLE FORMAT: BETA VHS 3/4 INCH $25 $25 $35 Make checks payable to AAZK KEEPER TRAINING VIDEO TAPE PROJECT. Mail to: B. Wayne Buchanan Woodland Park Zoological Gardens 5500 Phinney Avenue North Seattle, WA 98103 Conference 86 WINNIPEG ■ MANITOBA ■ CANADA FINAL NOTES It's hard to believe the Conference is at the end of this month I I We are confident everything is ready except, maybe, as the cartoon says 'a little bit of fine tuning I ' Below you will find some important notes and reminders we ask you to consider if you are attending the Conference. * Delegates will register on the second floor Prefunction Area of the Sheraton Winnipeg on Sunday, September 28. Late registrations will also take place here. There will be a number of tables set up for you to recieve a Con- ference Pac, hand in auction items, register for Zoo- lympics, hand in photos and slides for Photo Contest and Photo Album. You will also be able to purchase Conference T-shirts and tickets for the Chinese Auction. * Don't forget your auction items and the auction item description card which was sent in your confirmation pac. This will greatly help our people setting up the auction. * Don't forget any materials you wish to bring for the Keeper Training Workshop (see July issue AKF) . 268 * We really look forward to participation in the Photo Contest and Photo Album (see AKF issues for Jan., April, March and July) . We ask that you send a postcard ahead of time indicating to us how many and what kind of entries you have for the Photo Contest, and how many pictures you have for the Photo Album. This will help us at this end to have the proper set-up for display purposes. To date, response to either project has not been overwhelming. * The temperature in Winnipeg in Sept/Oct. may range from 60 F. to a minimum of 40 F. We recommend that you bring a sweater as well as a wind jacket. As your hosts, we will be pleased to lend delegates appropriate clothing as the necessity arises. * Valet parking is available at the Sheraton Winnipeg for $3.00 /day. DAY RATES FOR CONFERENCE '86 Sunday, September 28 $10.00 (Can Monday, September 29 $ 5.00 Tuesday September 30 $20.00 Wednesday, October 1 $10.00 Thursday, October 2 $40.00 269 NORTHWEST ORIENT NORTHWEST To further aid your travel planning: The 1986 A.A.Z.K. National Conference is registered with Northwest Orient's Meeting Services reservation centre for convention delagates. Benefits: The reservation facilities of our Meeting Services department offers delegates centralized, toll-free reservation services throughout the Forty Eight Continental United States and Hawaii at: 800-328-7747. In Alaska, Canada, Europe and the Orient and other locations, consult your local directory for the Northwest Orient listing. For delegates traveling from the United States to Canada, Northwest Orient's Meeting Services Representatives will offer the best, applicable fare available. Specific fares are subject to certain conditions which must be met. Here's all you do: Call our toll-free number (1-800-328-7747), identify yourself and your conference, and our Meeting Services Representatives will do the rest. Thank you for calling Northwest Orient Airlines. We look forward to the pleasure of serving you. CAR RENTAL INFORMATION For those interested in car rental while at the '86 Conference, we have secured Dominion U-Drive as our official car rental company. Inquiries may be made through: Dominion U-Drive, 405 Ellice Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3B 2Y5 Attn: K. Everett; or phone collect: 1-204-943-4477; Mastercard, Visa, American Express, En Route, Carte Blanche. RATES Canadian dollars Compact & Sub-compact Mid size Full size # of free km. PER DAY $18.95 $18.95 $27.95 100/day WEEKLY $130.00 $130.00 $170.00 1000/week 3-DAY SPECIAL $39.00 $55.00 $70.00 300/3 days + 12i per extra km. 270 PAPERS Below you will find a list of some of the papers to be presented during the Conference paper sessions: Socialization of the Sumatran Orangutan (Miami) Creatures of the Night (Seattle) Use of Plants in Animal Exhibits (Seattle) Maintaining Animal Integrity in a Zoo Nursery (San Francisco) Safety in Captive Wildlife Photography (National Zoo) Great Apes - More Human Than We Think? (Toronto) Mixed Species Exhibits in a Small Mammal Building (Milwaukee) Observations on Musth in Captive Asian Bull Elephant (San Diego) Survey of Internal Parasites in Wild Orangutans (Seattle) Bears - A New Experience (Washington Park) From Aardvarks to Aviary (Atlanta) Exhibition of the Chinese Golden Monkey (Los Angeles) A Question of Currency Should you bring American or Canadian currency? To help answer this question, we called some major Winnipeg banks on August 1 and were told the current rate is $1.36 Can./ $1.00 Amer. This rate could fluctuate a few cents either way by Conference time. We also called the Winnipeg Sheraton which are, currently, paying $1.30 Can./$1.00 Amer. The local American Express office near the hotel exchanges money at rates comparable to those of banks. Our best guess is that these general rates won't change much barring a large change in the Bank of Canada rate. We suggest that you keep these rates in mind; check the current rate at your own bank when arranging for traveller cheques and decide on American or Canadian funds. Also keep in mind, convenience. Most banks in Winnipeg are only open from 10:00 am. to 4:00 pm.; American Express and other offices until about 5:00pm. The Winnipeg Sheraton will cash traveller's cheques and, also, personal cheques if shown full identification and major credit card. 271 E L E C T I 0 N . . . . ^87 CALL FOR NOMINATIONS - ASSIST YOUR ORGANIZATION! Three AAZK Board seats are up for election. New board members will serve from 1 January, 1988 through 31 December, 1991. If you have worked on a national committee, consider running for office. We need and want your ideas and experience! DUTIES OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS For a more detailed explanation of the expanded duties of the Board, refer to the Papers of Incorporation - available upon request from National. 1) Select, appoint or remove officers, committees, agents and employees of the Association, including - prescribing powers and duties. 2) To control and manage the Association and its property, passing upon acquisition and disbursements with approval of a majority of the Board. 3) To formulate policies, rules and regulations in accord with the Consti- tution and By-Laws. 4) To uphold the Constitution of AAZK and the policies of the Association. 5) To appear at Board meetings, to accept Board assignments and to devote the time to communications pertinent to all Board business, including answering correspondence promptly and efficiently. QUALIFICATIONS FOR NOMINATION 1) Nominee must be a Professional Member of AAZK and must have been a mem- ber of the Association for at least one year. 2) Nominee must be presently employed as an animal keeper/attendant by a recognized zoological institution or aquarium in the U.S. or Canada and must have been in the zoological field for at least two years. NOMINATION PROCEDURE 1) Nominator Form: a. List the name of the nominee, phone, address, and institution. b. State in 150 words or less the reason(s) why the nominee warrants election to the Board. c. Nominator signs forms and mails to NEC Chairman d. Notifies nominee that they nominated him/her for the Board. 2) Nominee Biographical Form: (nominee lists the following information) a) Professional background: places of employment, length of service, titles. b) Membership in AAZK: National and local chapters, number of years, offices held, involvement in activities. c) Educational background, d) Membership in Affiliate Organizations: (AAZPA, Audubon, etc.) e) Other information the nominee feels is pertinent. f) References: (one or two) g) Nominee signs forms and mails to NEC Chairman. NOTE: Candidate is ineligible for nomination if both the nominator and nominee biographical forms are not complete and received by the NEC Chairman by 31 January 1987. Forms are in this issue of the AKF or can be obtained from the NEC Chairman. Send completed forms to: Janut HaCoy, NEC CkcuAman, {jJcuklngton Pa/ck Zoo, 4001 5.W. Canyon RV,, PoMand, OR 9niU 272 ELECTION FORMS NOfllNATOR FORM FOR AAZK BOARD OF DIRECTORS Qual ifications for Nomination: 1. Nominee must be a Professional Member of AAZK and must have been a member of the Association for at least one year. 2. Nominee must be presently employed as an animal keeper/attendant by a recognized zoological institution or aquarium in the U.S. or Canada and must have been in the zoological field for at least two years. 1. Name of Nominee Address: Phone: Institution: 2. State in 150 words or less the reason(s) why the nominee warrants election to the AAZK Board of Directors. i 3. Signature of Nominator: 4. Form must be received by the NEC Chairman by 31 January 1987. Send to: JaneX McCoy, NEC ChcuAman, Wcuhlngton PciAk Zoo, 4001 S.W. Canyon Rd. , RonXland, OR 9722K NOMINEE BIOGRAPHICAL FORM AAZK BOARD OF DIRECTORS 1, Name: Address : Phone: PLEASE LIST THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION 2. Professional Background: (places of employment, length of service, titles) 3. Membership in AAZK: a) National: number of years Activities: b) Local Chapter(s): number of years, offices held, involvement in activi ties. 4. Educational Background: NOMINEE BIOGRAPHICAL FORM/AAZK BOARD OF DIRECTORS, ConUnued 5. Memberships in Affiliate Organizations: (AAZPA, Audubon, etc.) 6. Other information the nominee feels to be pertinent: 7. References (one or two): give name, address, and phone number where they can be reached. 8. Nominee's Signature: 9. Form must be received by NEC Chairman by 31 January 1987. Send form to: JanoX McCoy, NEC ChcuAman l)Jcu>kington PoAk Zoo 4001 S.W. Canyon Rd. PonXland, OR 97221 WILD WILDLIFE AT CHEYENNE MOUNTAIN ZOO By Stzvn ConneA^, Sup£AvlAOA Cko^ymvid y^oavitaZn loo Colorado SpAlng6, CO Although all zoos are a haven for wild animals both captive and free- ranging, the Cheyenne Mountain Zoo (CMZ) is somewhat unique in the num- ber and diversity of species which occur naturally in and around the zoo grounds. Situated between 6,800-7,000 ft. at the foot of Cheyenne Moun- tain, the CMZ is the highest elevation zoo in the world. Dominant tree species are scrub oak, ponderosa pine, and blue spruce. The zoo is bordered on its eastern (downslope) side by an increasing amount of resi- dential development. To the west is a virtual wilderness which extends to the summit of Cheyenne Mountain (9,000 ft) and beyond. The zoo grounds form something of a buffer zone between the harsher environment found at the higher elevation to the west, and the development occurring to the east . The most commonly seen large mammal at the zoo is the mule deer. Deer are observed most often during the colder months of the year, and herds of 10 or more animals are commonly found on zoo grounds. Several years ago they nearly destroyed the juniper trees in the Birds of Prey area, but lately their attention has been centered on the alfalfa in the hay barn. Nevertheless their presence is welcomed by employees and visitors alike. The most conspicuous mammals during the warmer months are the rodents. Least chipmunks scurry across rocks and walkways with rapid, nervous movements. The more tame, and often comical manteled ground squirrels delight visitors by taking food from the hand. These rodents help keep the grounds clean by gorging themselves on spilled popcorn and remains of hot dogs. I've often contemplated breeding a type of ground squirrel that would eat ciragette butts. Predators can be a problem in any zoo, and we have certainly had our share of troubles with raccoons and skunks. The mountain lions, wolver- ines and eagles in our collection often turn the tables on these particu- lar species. Both bobcats and mountain lions occur naturally on Cheyenne Mountain. These animals are rarely seen, but their presence is revealed by tracks after a snowfall. A small predator that is regularly seen at CMZ is the long-tailed weasel. Another welcomed species, they’ve never been implicated in the death of an animal in the collection, but undoubetedly assist our rat and mouse control efforts. As a weasel chased a ground squirrel through a rest area, one visitor explaimed, "Oh look, how cute, they're playing!". The most spectacular mammal found in our area in the American Black bear. Every couple of years one of these bruins shows up at the zoo, raiding dumpsters, and knocking over trash cans. This past June we chased one up the mountain, away from the Himalayan tahr exhibit. Two nights later he was back wiping out trash cans. Birds are abundant at CMZ. The dominant species are Black-billed magpies, scrub jays and Steller's jays. Robins are particularly plentiful this year. We recently installed several feeders as a start to developing a 273 WILD WILDLIFE AT CHEYENNE MOUNTAIN ZOO, CoyiUm2.d native bird exhibit. Evening grosbeaks, house and cassin's finches, mountain chickadees, and rufous sided towhees are regular visitors in this area. Broad-tailed hummingbirds drain their feeders so quickly that it’s difficult to keep up with them. Violet-green swallows arrive early in May, and provide everyone with aeriel acrobatics until September. They find the pipes inbedded in the numerous rock retaining walls to be ideal nesting sites. As one would expect raptors are relatively common on Cheyenne Mountian. Cooper’s hawks and Goshwaks are seen regularly on the Birds of Prey hill (of course). Buteos include Swainson’s and Red-tailed hawks. Great horned owls were often heard calling when this species was on display, but are now less obvious. Golden eagles occasionally nest on the rocky craggs high on the mountain. Although we enjoy seeing these spectacular birds they could prove to be a threat if our planned reintroduction of peregrine falcons to the moun- tain becomes a reality. As a herpetologist I cannot overlook the herptiles found naturally at the GMZ. There is a least one den of wandering garter snakes {ThamnopfuA oZdggyA vag/ian^ ) on the grounds. Emergence usually occurs in mid-April, and courtship has been observed at the den site. Bullsnakes {VdXaophJj) m Qjjinot C.UCUA 6gy-i) are relatively common in and around the zoo, even though they are generally considered a prairie species. Another animal of the plains, the prairie rattlesnake ( CK-OtotuA VAjhiduA V-iAldiA ] , is occasionally found on the grounds. One was even discovered in the base- ment of the front entrance building, much to the dismay of a few employees in the public service department. Red-lipped plateau lizards (SceXopO'UtA undiitcituA e/LythAocheyCtuA ) can be seen in the rockier areas of the zoo. I’ve observed them as high as 8,000 ft., and they can probably be found at even higher elevations on Gheyenne Mountain. Last but certainly not least, the lowly barred tiger salamander [kmbyi,t.omg tyLgHAMUim rngvoAtAum) is the only amphibian found regularly at the zoo. These little guys are liable to turn up almost anywhere in hoof stock yards, drains, and base- ments. I recently received a call from a local resident who found one of these "lizards” climbing her tomato plant. The variety of naturally occurring wild species at Cheyenne Mountain Zoo provides a source of enjoyment for employees and visitors alike. Unique observations on population fluctuations and behavior are often made. For instance, a golden mantled ground squirrel was seen attacking and killing a robin some years ago. This summer two keepers witnessed a magpie killing a Steller’s jay, and taking the remains to its nest. There are undoubtedly many zoos around the country with similar stories to tell about their native wildlife. As development encroaches on the surrounding habitat more animals will utilize the zoo itself and the upper regions of Cheyenne Mountain for living space. The impending con- struction of our perimeter fence will certainly not help the situation. For the time being at least, the wild wildlife on the mountain appears to be doing quite well. 274 BIBLIOGRAPHIES AVAILABLE FROM AAZK/AAZPA LIBRARY RESOURCES PROJECT — KacU Thompson, Coo^dUanto^ AAZK L-lb^a/iy k(2JiOijA(i.2J> Vn.oj(icX A project long in the works has recently come to fruition. For the past year, the AAZPA Librarians Special Interest Group, with the help of the AAZK Library Resources Project has been working to establish a Bibliography Coordinator to collect and distribute bibliographies on zoo-related sub- jects to zoo professionals, and the system is at last in operation. Vernon Kisling has been appointed Bibliography Coordinator and is compil- ing bibliographies pertaining to zoological parks, aquariums, captive wildlife management, wildlife natural history, wildlife conservation and other related topics. Most of these bibliographies are available at no charge, however please request only those which are necessary as photo- copying costs and mailing costs are being absorbed by the Bibliography Coordinator. Periodically, a list of available bibliographies will appear in the Forum. The following bibliographies are currently available from Dr. Kisling at no charge: Recommended Core List of Books For A Zoo Library Kay Kenyon, National Zoological Park. 1982. 11pp. Why Zoos? A Bibliography Kay Kenyon. National Zoological Park. 1984. 9pp. Annotated Bibliography on Zoo Photography Kay Kenyon. National Zoological Park. 1982. 5pp. Conserving the World's Wildlife Joyce Shaw. Lincoln Park Zoological Gardens. 1986. 4pp. Poisonous Plants — A Bibliography Ric Hider, Kay Kenyon & Peter Kibbee, National Zoo. 1986. 19pp. SET: Zoos & Zoo Animals /Endangered Species/African Wildlife/Animal Adaptations/Pets & Pet Care/Farm Animals/Apes & Monkeys/Wild Cats/ Bears & Wild Dogs/Birds/Reptiles/Fishes (Available individually or as a set.) Paula Davis. Toledo Zoological Park. 198?. 17 pp. (For students grades 2-8) SET: General Aquarium Care/General Marine Life/Marine Mammals/Seabirds/ Sharks, Skates and Rays/Invertebrates/Children ' s Books about Marine Mammals. (Available individually or as a set.) Education Department. National Aquarium in Baltimore. 198?. 12pp. A Selected Bibliography on the American Black Bear, U/U>U6 ameA^caniL6 Kay Kenyon. National Zoological Park. 1982. 14pp. A Bibliography on the Giant Panda, AuituAopodcL rmZano^UCa, 1936-1984 Kay Kenyon. National Zoological Park. 1984. 16pp. Giraffes and Okapis— A Bibliography Kay Kenyon, National Zoological Park. 1985. 9pp. A Selected Bibliography on the Asian and African Elephant, Et2.phci6 max-imciS and LoxodorUa aj^^aana Kay Kenyon, National Zoological Park. 1983. 18pp. Flamingo Bibliography Peter Shannon. 1985. 18pp. (Covers 1975-1985, after the period covered in the book, FLAMINGOS, by Kear & Duplaix-Hall) Bibliography of GnockoZonz QJi, Sue.' y PITTSBURGH AAZK CHAPTER August 1986 marked the Pittsburgh Chapter’s one-year anniversary. The past year has been filled with many activities, both social and educational. We are fortunate to have support from our management as well as so many helpful docents. Staff members gave presentations on conferences and vacations at our monthly meetings. Trips includ- ed the Siberian Tiger-SSP Symposium in Minneapolis, the Galapagos Islands and our Director’s trip to Africa. Two of our spring activit- ies were an evening bird-watch at a nearby nature reserve and a Zoo- Bowl night which raised $70. A portion of the money earned selling six dozen T-shirts was donated to the Ciniennati Wildlife Research Society which is a reproductive research center directed by Dr. Betsy Dresser. Now we are looking ahead to a good second year! — MoAglo. Mcuifts, Se.cA.eXaA.y News KANSAS CITY AAZK CHAPTER The Kansas City Chapter has been growing in size and activity for the past several years. Our month- ly meetings have been attended by speakers from various zoological influences. Future plans include discussions with other zoo direct- ors, local, state and federal wild- life professionals, represnetatives from the Audubon Society, Earthwatch, animal welfare and animal rights groups. The Chapter made a donation to the African Save the Rhino Trust after its director, Phil Berry, gave a presentation here. Recently our Chapter sponsored a hospitality suite at the first National Docent Conference held in Kansas City. By all acclaims, it was very well re- ceived. 279 CHAPTER NEWS, ConUnuo^d JACKSON AAZK CHAPTER We regularly set up a booth at major Zoo events such as Zoo Discovery Days and Family Fair. The booth has an emphasis of "What Do Zoo Animals Eat?' where we display and allow the visit- ors to handle samples of the various food items we keepers use routine- ly. The booth incorporates a plug for our chapter and the zookeeping profession. Our current project is the funding of two major graphics projects which were proposed by some Chapter members and approved by Zoo manage- ment. If these work out well, we may continue with more in the future. Last year we held a garage sale with items donated by Chapter members and other Zoo staff. It was a great success even with foul weather. Our plans are to have another one this month with expanded advertising. Vcitd VKQAkd-YlQ, SzcAoXjOAy Recently elected officers of the Jackson (MS) Chapter of AAZK are: President Pat Gault Vice Pres Rick Wells Sec/Treas Mike Hayes Historian Kevin Harris (EcUXoa.’6 Note: Alt Chapter axe ojiked to -6ubmtt ttem-6 about youA. aottviXtoA iox publteatton undex "Ckaptex Noja)^" . We a^k that you please have youx Chaptex' 6 6eexe- taxy let ua knoM the xei>ulti> o^ youx gxoup'^ election o^ oHicexji cu> u)etl 06 any educational, 6ocial ox {iUnd-xat6ing aciivitieJi you conduct, Shaxe youx 6ucce66e6 and ideo6 Mtth othex Chaptex' 6 nation- wide. Send matexial to: Chaptex New6/AKf, 635 Gage Blvd. , Topeka, KS 66606.) KANSAS CITY ZOO PARTICIPATES IN REINTRODUCTION PROGRAM By Vale Txexking, Olatexiowl Keepex Kao6a^ City Zoological Gaxden^ Kajuo6 City, MO The Kansas City Zoo has taken another step to promote conservation as one of its goals. On 5 May, an agent from the Michigan Department of Natural Resources was given eight eggs from our Trumpeter Swans’ spring clutch, after which he immediately flew them back to Michigan inside a specially constructed container. The eggs were placed under feral mute swans in a restricted marsh to be raised by the surrogate parents. Mute swans are a very similar species to trumpeter swans and results have been encourag- ing in past expereinces of this type, though no major effort by the DNR was previously known. The progress of the eggs and hatchlings was followed by a graduate student whose full-time job was solely the observation of these birds. In late May, four of our eight eggs hatched under a female mute swan. So, for the first time in several decades, trumpeter swan cygnets once again were swimming in a Michigan marsh, the chicks from our pair being the first to hatch in this new program. Unfortunately one egg was infertile and the 280 KANSAS CITY ZOO PARTICIPATES IN REINTRODUCTION PROGRAM, CowUnuiZd first three failed to hatch. We, along with the Philadelphia and Buffalo Zoos and several private breeders, have agreed to provide the Michigan DNR with viable eggs for the next two to three years. The department hopes to reintroduce 100 birds into the state by 1990. Trumpeter swans are native to North America but have greatly declined in numbers across much of their range, including Missouri. Since acquiring our pair in 1981, they have hatched 26 chicks here in Kansas City plus these additional four in Michigan. Breeding has occurred in every year except 1982. The pair was originally obtained on breeding loan from the Baltimore Zoo and became ours when we returned four offspring. Information Please HELP! ! As a keeper /otterphile I am deeply disturbed by the inadequacy of the North American River Otter ( LuJyui ) exhibit at the Oakland Children’s Zoo where I work. I’m taking it upon myself to design a proper enclosure for a breeding pair, and although I know a little about Lutra Can., I know nothing about designing this kind of enclosure. Any infor- mation, articles, comments, stories, and/or ridicule you could offer would be of tremendous assistance. Send to: Bill Garrison, Oakland Child- ren’s Zoo, P.O. Box 5238, Oakland, CA 94605. Postage for articles, etc. will be cheerfully refunded. Researcher needs descriptions of swimming monkeys and/or drownings. Please give common and/or scientific name of species. All respondents will re- ceive a copy of the final collated list. Write to: Professor Derek Ellis, Biology Dept., University of Victoria, Victoria, B.C., Canada V8W 2Y2. Information is needed on the husbandry (specifically breeding) of the Long-wattled Umbrellabird (Ce.phci£opteAiU pdndLiLig^] . Also any informa- tion regarding the Amazonian Umbrellabird ( Ce-phaZopteAiU OA^ndtiU ) and the Bare-necked Umbrellabird (C^phcitopteAiU gZcibnXc.o£tdj>) would be great- ly appreciated. If you currently maintain or have maintained any of these species, please contact: Mary T. Witherspoon, Birds, Audubon Park and Zoological Gardens, P.O. Box 4327, New Orleans, LA 70178 (504) 861-2537. Sedgwick County Zoo requests information regarding attempts to correct the abnormally weak development of forelimbs in any species of frogs, particularly those of the genus Vend/LobateA . We are beginning a detail- ed study of this condition, commonly called ’’spindly legs", and would like to correspond with anyone having a similar interest or experience with it. Please address correspondence to: Dr. Victor B. Eichler, Dept, of Biological Sciences, Witchita State University, Wichita, KS 67208. We would also appreciate receiving the names and addresses of other per- sons who might be knowledgeable about this condition. 281 Viewpoint THIS COULD HAPPEN AT YOUR ZOO! By MoAJXyn Coin, Ke.np£A \K(iXao Ton.o¥Vto loo JoHjOYito, OntcULLO, Canada During the past year, Metro Toronto Zoo staff and animals have been the victims of two wantonly senseless acts of vandalism by members of the public . In mid-December, 1985, on the very night of our staff Christmas party, some person or persons unknown cut a hole in the perimeter fence of the arctic wolves display, allowing all thirteen occupants of the exhibit to es' cape. Although the wolves remained on zoo property for the majority of the time, some did wander into a nearby subdivision, causing the local police to become understandably edgy. However, thanks to the determined efforts of all those involved, the staff were allowed the time necessary to re-capture all the escapees over a period of the next eight days and nights. We were thus able to avoid the needless destruction of these magnificent animals, but, in order to prevent a reoccurence of the prob- lem, the arctic wolves were re-located to another, less remote area of the zoo. Unfortunately, the next incident did not culminate in such a happy solu- tion. In early spring of 1986, someone entered the zoo site during the night and fed Valium-laced meat to a hand-reared bobcat. He then cut a hole in the enclosure and stole the cat. The story was publicized, but all efforts to locate the cat proved in vain, until an anonymous call was received, stating that a bobcat had been displayed at a recent party by an individual. When the police arrived, this individual admitted (and even bragged about) having taken the bobcat, but denided knowledge of its present whereabouts. Several days later, a mother and child were taking a walk in a ravine area near the zoo, and came across the body of the bobcat, wrapped in a plastic garbage bag. A person has been charged and is awaiting trial. As outraged as we are at the wanton destruction of this animal, we still can do very little to avoid a repetition of similar acts of vandalism perpetrated by members of the public. No matter how tight the security may be, the very nature of the modern zoo, spread out over a large area with open-type enclosures, makes it extremely difficult (if not impos- sible) to protect all animals at all times. Hopefully, the publicity generated by these two acts will not encourage others to do something similar in the future. 282 AAZK Regional Coordinators Co-Directors Regional Coordinator System States East of Mississippi - Diane Krug, Rt. 1, Box 273, Hillard, FL 32046. (904) 225-9559 (work) (904) 845-4279 (home) States West of Mississippi - Debbera Stecher, Woodlanf Park Zoo, 5500 Phinney Ave» North, Seattle, WA 90603 (206) 625-5402 (work) (206) 745-8198 (home) REGIONAL COORDINATORS John Linehan, Franklin Park Zoo, Boston, MA (617) 442-7646 (w) for the states of ME,VT,NH,MA,RI ,CT Peter Buchholz, Bronx Zoo, New York (212) 220-5154 (w) (718) 229-7711 (h) for the state of NY Gene Pfeffer, Philadelphia Zoo, PA (215) 243-1100 (w) for the states of PA,NJ,MD,DE VACANCY - for the states of W.VA,VA,D.C. ■ VACANCY - for the state of Michigan Lynne Villers, Indianapolis Zoo, IN (317) 547-3577 (w) for the states of IN,0H,KY Larry Sammarco, Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, IL (312) 294-4660 (w) for the states of WI ,IL,M0,MN,IA Pat Hook, Riverbanks Zoo, Columbia, SC (803) 779-8717 (w) for the states of TN,NC,SC Tim Kurkowski, Zoo Atlanta, Atlanta, GA (404) 624-5600 (w) (404)428-0535 (h) for the states of GA,AR,AL Marcelle Guidry, Greater Baton Rouge Zoo, LA (504) 775-3877 (w) (504) 338- 9392 (h) for the states of LA, MS VACANCY - for the state of FL John R. Turner, Denver Zoo, Denver, CO for the states of C0,NM,TX I Steve Tigges, Tulsa Zoological Park, Tulsa, OK 1 for the states of 0K,NE,KS.ND,SD i Laurence Gledhill, Woodland Park Zoo, Seattle, WA (206) 625-5497 (w) for the states of WA,0R,ID,MT,WY,AK ; Art Goodrich, San Diego Zoo, San Diego, CA for the states of CA,NV,UT,AZ ! Honolulu AAZK Chapter (Dan Vitiello, Pres.) (808) 923-4772 (w) for the Hawaiian Islands Neville Howard Pike, Metro Toronto Zoo, Box 280, West Hill, Ontario MIE 4R5 for the Province of Ontario, Canada Bob Debets, Assiniboine Park Zoo, 2235 Corydon Ave., Winnipeg, Manitoba i R3P 0R5 (204) 489-3893 (home) i for the Province of Manitoba, Canada I Marcia Rasmussen, Calgary Zoo, P.O. Box 3036, Stn. B., Calgary, Alberta (403) 235-5461 (home) for the Province of Alberta, Canada ' Need mmbeA^fUp In^omatlon? Want to loxurn moH,2. about AALK on. ^toAt a ahapteA ok become. moAe, active, - then caZt youA RC! TkoAC axe 6titl open- ion, RC po^ttlonA ion, the i>tatc oi Vlontda^ ion, the i^tjotc oi Mtcfiigan ' and ioA the. combtne,d Ae^lon oi Wext Vin^tnAja^ \}Aj\%tnAjx and Washington, VC, I li you axe intexested in any oi these positions, please contacX Viane Kxug, I Eastenn U,S, Regional Co-VixectoA, Vou may call Viane collect at hex home j phone (904) B45-42.79 evenings aitex 6 p.m, EST, TheseT thxee positions I oiiex a gxeat oppontunity to become involved in AAZK and to pxovide a valu- j able and neces&axy ^exvice ioA the Ahhodation. 283 AAZK T-SHIRTS ONCE AGAIN AVAILABLE! ! ! ! The Little Rock Zoo AAZK Chapter is pleased to announce that AAZK Logo T-Shirts are once again available. The T-Shirts are available in tan^ blue or brown and are constructed of a 50/50 poly-cotton blend for long wear and easy care. The AAZK Rhino Logo is imprinted on the left front pocket area of each shirt. The price per shirt is $7.00 which included postage/handling. To order^ please complete the form below and send with check or money order made out to "AAZK Little Rock Chapter". AAZK Logo T- Shirt Order Form Please send T-shirts at $7.00 each $ Total Enclosed ^ Name: Address: City: State: Zip: Color Choice: (please circle) Tan Blue Brown Size Choice: (please check) S M L Ex-L Send completed form to: AAZK T-Shirt Janet Meade AAZK Little Rock Chapter #1 Jonesboro Drive Little Rock. AR 72205 284 ATTENTION FELLOW AAZK MEFIBERS The AAZK Milwaukee Chapter now has coffee mugs avail- able to purchase. These beige porcelain mugs contain the National AAZK Rhino Logo design in dark brown. Cost of the mug is $5.50 which includes postage. Please send the order form below along with payment to: AAZK Mug c/o AAZK Milwaukee 10001 W. Bluemound Road Milwaukee. WI 53226 Please make checks payable to "AAZK - Milwaukee Chapter". AAZK Logo Coffee Mug Order Form NAME; (Type or Print) ADDRESS ; ZIP: TELEPHONE ; ( ) Please send AAZK Logo Coffee Mug(s) at $5.50 each. Total Amount Enclosed; $ AAZK MILWAUKEE CHAPTER finnouncing . . AAZK K^epePEd|rcation Committee: A sumi^ary of^he mo^^^s^imon f,, ZOONOTIC DISEASES including disinfection, personnel hygiene and bibliography. AAZK is pleased to announce the availability of its new publication ZOONOTIC DISEASES This 56-page booklet details the most common zoonotic di- seases, offers guidelines for preventive control and covers personal hygiene and disin- fection procedures. The booklet, a cooperative effort produced by the AAZK Keeper Education Committee, is produced in a 8i" by 11" format hole punched for in- sertion in a standard three- ring binder (not included). Copies may be purchased by completing the order form below. Prices are: $2.00 for Professional AAZK Mem- bers; $3.50 for other AAZK membership categories and $5.00 for non-members. This prices includes postage and handling. Order from: Zoo- notic Diseases, c/o AAZK National Headquarters, 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606. Make checks payable to "AAZK" ZOONOTIC DISEASES ORDER FORM Please send copy/copies of the AAZK Zoonotic Diseases Handbook to: NAME : ADDRESS: CITY: STATE: ZIP: MEMBERSHIP CATEGORY: P AF AS INST NON-MEM TOTAL AMOUNT INCLUDED: $ PLEASE ALLOW 4-6 weeks for delivery at Book Rate. IMPORTANT: THOSE ORDER- ING OUTSIDE OF THE CONTINENTAL U.S. (including CANADA) should send an additional $2.00 PER COPY for FIRST CLASS MAIL SERVICE. SEND ORDER FORM AND CHECK OR MONEY ORDER MADE PAYABLE TO "AAZK" TO: ZOONOTIC VISEASES dlo AAZK National He.adquaAteA^ 635 Gage, Blvd, Topeka, KS 66606 BIOLOGICAL VALUES II NOW AVAILABLE AAZK is pleased to be able to offer its members and other interested indi- viduals in the zoo community the newly published mammal reference booklet en- titled BIOLOGICAL i/ALUES EOR SELECTEV MAMMALS— 1985 EVITJON. This updated and expanded edition is far more com- prehensive than the original edition. The 1985 Edition is a 112-page work containing biological data on 441 species of mammals. Included in the data are: common name, scientific name (identified by genus and species and arranged according to the 19 recogniz- ed orders of mammals), geographic range, normal adult size, normal adult weight, estrus cycle, gestation period, number of young, weaning, sexual maturity, life expectancy, body temperature, pulse and respiration rate, and names used for the male, female and young of each species. Three pages of the references for data given are included, as is a nine-page index of the selected mammals by common name with cross-indexing where consider- ed appropriate. A Table of Contents offers the researcher quick access to pertinent information. ;This handy and informative publication was researched and compiled by a team I of seventeen zookeepers, docents, interns and zoo volunteers at the San Fran- cisco Zoo, and separately identifies and incorporates certain pertinent em- jpirical data submitted by twenty zookeepers from twelve zoos throughout the I world. Formated for quick and easy reference, and charmingly illustrated, this booklet will surely be an important and welcome addition to the library of any zookeeper and/or member of our zoo community. [BIOLOGICAL i/ALUES FOR SELECTEV MAmALS--1985 EVITION is being offered for ssale at the following prices: Professional Member ($4.00); Other AAZK Mem- bership Categories ($5.50); Non-Members ($7.00). This prices includes ■postage and handling. ORDERS OUTSIDE the U.S. need to add $2.00 per copy [for First Class mail service. To order, fill out the form below or send necessary information to: Biological UalaeA Book, do AAZK hlaXloivil i635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606. Make check or money order (U.S. FUNDS ONLY) I payable to: "Biological Val ues/AAZK" . Domestic orders please allow 4-6 weeks I for delivery at Book Rate. j BIOLOGICAL VALUES ORDER FORM 'Please send copies, at $ each to: (PLEASE PRINT) I Name Address City State/Privi nee Zip Please check membership category: P( ) AF( ) AS( ) INST( ) NON-MEM ( ) IvUitAjijutioyib u)^fUng to adv2Att6z mploymnyit oppoHXuiYilttQJ> outo, cu>k2.d to 6md poAttvidYit data by tke. 1 5tk o£ mck month to: OppontavUty Knoclu/AKf, 635 Gaga Blvd. , Topaka, KS 66606. Plaaj>a tnctuda clo^tng dota6 ion. po6t- ttoYL6 avattabla. Tkana no ckanga ion tkAj> ^anotca and phona-tn It^t- tng^ oi po^ttton^ MktcJk become avattabla clo^a to dmdtlna ana aaaaptad. KEEPER. . .requires associate degree in Animal Science, BA degree in Biology, or related fields preferred. One year paid Zoo experience desired. Salary $4.85 per hour plus benefits. Submit resume by 15 October 1986 to: Laura Trechsel, General Curator, Folsom Children's Zoo, 2800 A Street, Lincoln, NE 68502. EOE. ZOOKEEPER. . .ambitious person needed to handle diverse keeper duties in new zoo. Requires high school diploma, college level biology courses or paid zoo experience desirable. Salary $1112-$1377 per month plus benefits. Send resume to: Personnel Department, City of Hutchinson, Box 1567, Hutchin- son, KS 67504-1567 or contact Harry Gregory at (316) 665- 2660. Closing date 30 September 1986. TRAVELING ZOO INSTRUCTOR. . .duties include planning, schedul- ing, conducting and evaluating off-site programs for school classes. Must be able to relate to and teach elementary school children using live animals and be an experienced driver with valid license. 35 hours per week at $8.20 per hour. Position from October 1986 to June 1987. Send resume to: Bob Szita, Traveling Zoo Coordinator, Staten Island Zoo, 614 Broadway, Staten Island, NY 10310 CURATOR/KEEPER. . .requires experience with reptile and amphib- ian husbandry and breeding. Applicant will be responsible for all aspects of care for the collection of snakes, lizards, tortoises and crocodilians as well as some work with other livestock, including farm animals and raptors. Duties include record keeping, maintaining food supplies, cage display design, cage cleaning, attending medical needs of collection, setting up breeding program, and supervising 1-5 keepers de- pending on season. An interest and ability in contacting the public is important. Starting salary $15,000 with health insurance paid. Starting date 2/1/87. Send resume and references to: Joe Maierhauser, Black Hills Reptile Gardens, Inc., Box 620, Rapid City, SD 57709. o p p k o n r o t u c k n s 1 t y 288 AAZK MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION Name Address $25.00 Professional Full-time keepe>u $25.00 International All mmbenM oivUlde the (J.5. and Canada $15.00 Library Llbm/iy ^ub^cAlptlon only Check here if renewal [ ] $20.00 Affiliate OthoA ^tall and voluntea/u $15.00 Associate Individuals not connected LVlth an animal caxe facility $50.00 Contributing OAganlzatlons and Individuals Directory Information; zoo Work Area Special Interests Mail this application and check or money order (U.S. CURRENCY ONLY PLEASE), payable to American Association of Zoo Keepers, Inc., to: AAZK National Headquarters, Topeka Zoo, 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606. Membership includes a subscription to Animal Keepers' FoOum. The member- ship card is good for free admission to many zoos and aquariums in the U.S. and Canada. INFORMATION FOR CONTRIBUTORS Animal Keepers’ Foaum publishes original papers and news items of inter- est to the Animal Keeping profession. Non-members are welcome to submit articles for consideration. Articles should be typed or hand-printed. All illustrations, graphs and tables should be clearly marked, in final form, and should fit in a page size no more than 6" x 10" ( 15cm x 25iicm) . Literature used should be cited in the text and in final bibliography. Avoid footnotes. Include scientific names. Black and white photos only accepted. Articles sent to Animal Keepers' Fonum will be reviewed for publication. No commitment is made to the author, but an effort will be made to pub- lish articles as soon as possible. Those longer than three pages may be separated into monthly installments at the discretion of the editorial staff. The editors reserve the right to edit material without consulta- tion unless approval is requested in writing by the author. Materials submitted will not be returned unless accompanied by a stamped, self- addressed envelope. Telephone contributions on late-breaking news or last-minute insertions are accepted. However, phone-in contributions of long articles will not be accepted. The phone number is (913) 272-5821) DEADLINE FOR EACH EDITION IS THE 15TH OF THE PRECEDING MONTH Articles painted do not necessarily reflect the opinions 0^ the Animal Keepers' Forum edltoalal staKi or the American Association o£ loo Keepers, Items in this publication may be reprinted providing credit to this pub- lication is given. Reprints may be ordered from the editor. PRINTED IN U.S. A. sNftT'L ^^0 LibRARy h A T L U ^ L 0 G 1 L fit L F* A R K UC oOyUA 5^ ON5^S,> ■i Ni CO ■e ^ JT® S N^S o 45 i-1^ ^ D3oq ^ o ^ 2^ o* b g^s g ON D) •t o H’ Animal Keepers' Forum OCTOBER 1986 / . 'i / ^ ^ Q.YYoJhimu^^ \edicated to Professional Animal Care ANIMAL KEEPERS' FORUM, 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606. Executive Editor: Alice Miser Managing Editor: Susan Chan Associate Editor: Ron Ringer OCTOBER 1986 VOLUME THIRTEEN NUMBER TEN knimoJi Kee.peA^’ fo-Utm (ISSN 0164-9531) is a monthly journal of the American Association of Zoo Keepers, Inc., 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606. Five dollars of each membership fee goes toward the annual pub- lication costs of kvLAMOJi ' foAiim. Second Class postage paid at Topeka, KS. Postmaster: Please send address changes to: AMERICAN/ ASSOCIATION/ OF ZOO KEEPERS, IN/C. NkTJONkL HEkVQUkRTERS, 635 GkGE BLVV., TOPEKA, KS 66606 Ba/Lbcuia Maiupm.keA, kdmlnT^t/uLtlve. S^cn-oXciny BOARD OF DIRECTORS Jean Hromadka, San Diego Wild Animal Park Pn-OJ^Tdont Escondido, CA 92025 Frank B. Kohn, National Zoological Park PTc-Z Ph-OJi-Ldont Washington, DC 20008 Oliver Claffey, Metro Toronto Zoo, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Susan M. Barnard, Zoo Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30315 Kerry Hoffman, Arizona- Sonora Desert Museum, Tucson, AZ 85743 COMMITTEE CHAIRPERSONS/PROJECT HEADS Coordinator for Chapter Affairs \JoLC.avvt Awards Committee Rachel Rogo/u, HLami MctAozoo Book Review Coordinator Kathy SackoAttakul , kfzAon Zoo Legislative Action Committee Becky RogeMJ), Topeka Zoo International Affairs Co-Coordinators and Pam McVougall, CalgaA.y Zoo (cveAT) Staff Exchange Elanchia kum. Woodland Pa/ik Zoo Program Library [/acant Exhibit Design Form Vtane Eouyth, kfzaon Zoo Keeper Accommodations List Otvjen. Clai^^ey, VemaAy Jatlnk, MxXC Mountain Zoo Continuing Keeper Education Pat SammoAco, LtncoZn PoAk Zoo Research/Grants Committee Emnk KokniKact Thompson, N/ZP Public Education Committee Jay Jcu>an, Staten Inland Zoo AAZK History Committee knt Goodntch, San Vtego Zoo - Melba ShtelcU,, National Zoo ieaz,tj Animal Data Transfer Forms Betmie EeZdman, BuJinet Pank Zoo Membership Directory Pat Samma/ico, Lincoln Pcuik Zoo Diet Notebook Bn.ett BannoA., South TloAida Chapter Biological Values/Gestation La/i/iy BminoAd, San VKonciJiCO Zoo Library Resources Kaci Thompson, N/ZP Infant Development Notebook Steven (jJing, Milwaukee Zoo Reference Search Nominations & Elections Liz McLaughlin, Roqqa {iJillijam.6 PoAk Janet McCoy, Washington PoAk Zoo Zoo, Jenny Rent^^Aow, Mai,on, ML CO-DIRECTORS REGIONAL COORDINATORS States East of the Mississippi - VTjxne KAug, White Oak Plantation, Vulee, EL States West of the Mississippi - VebbeAa StecheA, Woodland PoAk Zoo, Seattle, W Individual Regional CooAdinatoA6 and the z,tate6 undeA thelA oveAi>ight oAe touted etiewheAe in each iz>6ue oi knimal KeepeAS' EoAum. ThX6 month’ ^ coveA izoutiuto^ the, Btackbuck (Anttlope, ceAvtcapAa) d/wujon by GiA}e.n Vo^himixAd ol the. Honotula Zoo. The. btackbuck hah an -unpoAtant place tn Aiiian lejgmcU. Honda mythology lue^ it one o^ the ^tgns oi the, zodiac and it ha^ been ptetuAed as yoked to the choAiot of) the moon, in (A)klch oAe seated the gods. H^asse^ oi haiA, calted bezooAJS, iound tn the blackbuck’s stomach weAe ased by tAlbat magteians in the tAeatment oi seveAe illnesses. A native oi India and westeAn Vakistan, the blackback is sometimes called the Indian antelope. Males have long, twisted hoAns. Thanks, Gwen! Scoops — ^^^Scuttlebutt ADT FORMS AVAILABLE FROM AAZK A free supply of ADT Forms for zoos and aquaria is available, courtesy of AAZK. Contact: Bernie Feldman, Burnet Park Zoo, Box 146, Liverpool, NY 13088. FROM AAZPA LIBRARIANS SPECIAL INTEREST GROUP Kay Kenyon, Chairperson of the AAZPA Librarians Special Interest Group, announces that master copies of a brochure entitled: "Looking for Animal Information?" are now available free to zoos. The two-page brochure guides students searching for information about animals through such resources as libraries, magazines, associations, etc. Zoos may insert their own logo in the space provided and take the camera-ready copy to a local quick print facility. Requests for the master sheets should be sent along with a self-addressed mailing label to: Pam Bailey, Toledo Zoo Library, 2700 Broad- way, Toledo, OH 43609. Pam can be reached with questions at (419) 385- 5721, M-F, 10-2. Please only one request per zoo as the number of master copies is limited. This a a project of the AAZPA Librarians’ Special In- terest Group and was funded by the Toledo Chapter of AAZK. IMPORTANT NOTICE ON CHAPTER AFFAIRS Due to a career move, Gerald Payne of the Detroit Zoo has resigned as Chapter Affairs Coordinator for AAZK. Chapter Affairs files are currently in transit to National Headquarters. Until a new Coordinator is named, all matters concerning chartering of new chapters, chapter renewals, etc. should be sent directly to National Headquarters. If you have applied for a Chapter charter or conducted other chapter affairs correspondence with Lee Payne in the past several months and have not received a reply to your inquiry, please notify National and we will attempt to get the matter re- solved. We are sorry for any inconvenience this may have caused but until we have the past coordinator's files in hand, it will be difficult for us to rectify any errors and answer your questions. We ask for your patience and we will hopefully have this situation under control in the very near future. BoAboAa ManspeakeA, AAZK AdministAotive SecAetoAy Additionally, Anne Payne of the Detroit Zoo has resigned as Program Library Chairperson. Any correspondence relating to this committee should be sent directly to National Headquarters. 289 SCOOPS AND SCUTTLEBUTT, ConUnutd NEW CHAIRPERSON NAMED FOR BOOK REVIEW/KEEPER TRAINING MATERIALS IDENTIFICATION PROJECTS ~ ” ~~ Kathy Sucharitakul of the Akron Zoological Park, has been appointed as the new chairperson of the Book Review Project. She takes over from Diane Forsyth. Diane continues to head up the Exhibit Design Project headquarter- ed at Akron. Rosemary Jalink of Mill Mountain Zoo recently took over as chairperson of the Keeper Training Materiais Identification Project formerly under the direction of Beth Poff. Beth was recently promoted to Director of Mill Mountain Zoo. Our congratulations to Beth on her new position and our thanks for the time and energy she put into getting the KTMIP going. Additionally, Rosemary is in charge of the Mill Mountain Chapter’s AAZK Logo Sticker Project. ENVIRONMENT INSTITUTION MANAGEMENT COURSE OFFERED The Deleware Nature Education Society and the University of Delaware Museum Studies Program are offering a course entitled "Environment Institution Management for six hours of graduate credit. The course is designed for graduate students and post-graduate environmental science professionals. Advanced undergraduates may be admitted by permission of the Coordinator. The course, which runs from 5 January to 6 February 1987 will be held at the Ashland Nature Center near Hockessin, DE. In seminar sessions with DNES staff and guest lecturers, students will study all aspects of the founding and operation of an environmental center. The topics to be cover- ed include: budgeting and financial development, goal definition and long range planning, programming, coordinating volunteers, public relations, staffing and personnel policies, building and grounds management, conser- vation-preservation roles, and legal considerations. Individual and group projects will allow participants to both integrate the knowledge gained in a summary manual and to apply it specifically to a simulated center of their creation. Students are exposed to an assortment of environmental institutions in the Delaware Valley and gain insights into their administration by in-depth, on-site interviews with staff members. Places visited include the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia, the Brandywine Conservancy and the Philadelphia Zoological Gardens. Enrollment is limited and scholarships are available. Applications are due by 14 November and decisions are announced by 1 December. For more infor- mation and scholarship applications contact: Environmental Institution Management Coordinator, Delaware Nature Education Society, P.O. Box 700, Hockessin, DE 19707 (302) 239-2334. IN MEMORIUM The staff of the Salisbury Zoological Park, Salisbury, MD has notified AKF of the death of Bruce D. MacNelly on 21 August 1986. Bruce was em- ployed by the Salisbury Zoo for two years and, according to his wife Nancy, they were the happiest two years of his life. Also surviving are his two young children, Stacy and Kimberly. Bruce had been a member of AAZK since 1984. Cards of condolences may be sent to: Nancy MacNelly, Argyle Drive, Box 136, Parsonsburgh, MD 21849. 290 Births|^ Hatchings Carol J. Boyd, Corresponding Secretary for the Milwaukee AAZK Chapter reports on the following significant births: On 19 July the Primate Build- ing was again the site of a Colobus monkey birth. The birth was the 6th second generation birth of our group. The father is wild caught and the mother was born at the Milwaukee County Zoo. It has been noticed by the primate staff that with each birth, the transfer of the youngster to another capable female is occurring at an earlier age. On 13 July, Kings- ley, a Bongo from the Wobern Zoo and Ira, from a zoo in Stuttgart, became proud parents. These young parents introduce a new bloodline to the cap- tive Bongo population. The young, a male named Hugh, weighed in at 591bs at birth. The birth was very easy and Ira has proven to be a very good mother. Randy Walsh of the Zoo Atlanta Chapter reports that since 1968, the Zoo’s female Sumatran orangutan "Seibu" has produced four offspring. He added that on 3 July, 1986 she gave birth to her fifth baby. The new arrival is a male and was named "Tenku" . Zoo Atlanta also proudly announces the second and third successful births of California sea lion pups. Busch Gardens, Tampa, continues its conservation efforts for the Scimitar- horned oryx with the births of 0.2 during the month of August. Significant first births and hatchings reported in the September issue of the AAZPA Newsletter include: a Caribbean manatee male calf was born on 11 July at Sea World in Florida. The calf was estimated to weigh 451bs and to measure 3h feet in length. He was observed nursing and exhibiting normal activities for a newborn. B. Sterns of the Institute for Herpetolo- givsl Research reports its first hatching of giant Aldabra tortoise on 16 March and a second on 22 March. The breeding male was received on loan from the San Antonio Zoo in mid-September 1985. Copulation occurred a few day later and a clutch of eggs was laid on 25 November. It is believed that the Institute is only the second facility in the U.S. to breed these tortoises. They have also been bred at the Taronga Zoo in Sydney, Australia and at several locations within their home range. Devra Kleiman of the National Zoo reports the 13 August birth of a golden- headed lion tamarin. This is the first birth for this species in North America. The parents were smuggled out of Brazil in 1983, repatriated to Brazil and sent to the U.S. in 1986 through the efforts of IBDF Brazil, Rio Primate Center (CPRJ-FEEMA) and the International Recovery and Manage- ment Committee for Golden-headed lion tamarin. The first known birth of an unhybradized Bactrian wapiti or Bokharan deer occurred on 28 June at the San Diego Zoo. Curator of Mammals Carmi Penny reports that the parents were imported from Tierpark Berlin. Historically, this species has been exhibited at the Berlin Zoological Gardens between 1905 and 1919, and again in 1943 and 1944. Brealau Zoo, Germany (now Wroclaw, Poland) exhibited this species in 1910 and Woburn Abbey, England, maintained a small group between 1899 and 1906. The Bronx Zoo acquired a single male in 1905 which sired at least one hybrid offspring by an Altari wapiti. Tierpark Berlin acquired its current stock from the USSR as early as 1969, where they bred well in recent years. The parents of the San Diego fawn were born in East Berlin. A male Sri Lankan elephant was born at the Calgary Zoo on 11 August. It is believed to be the first birth in North America of this subspecies. 9 291 1986 AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF ZOO KEEPER AWARDS Th(i awa/icU weAn pA,eJ>e.nted cut the. 12th Mattonal AAZK Con^eAe-nce. keZd In imtnntp^g, Mayiltoba, Canada lAom 1% Se.ptembeA to 2 OcXobeA, The. Excellence tn Zoo Keeping and UeAltonloubi Achievement AwoacU oAe select- ed by the AAZK Am/ids Committee {^Aom nominations proposed by the AAZK membeAshlp, Rachel RogeAS oi the Miami MetAozoo Is chalApeAson oi this committee. The Excellence In JouAnallsm AmAds axe setedted by the edlt- oAlal staii o^ Animal Keeper' foAum, 1986 EXCELLENCE IN ZOO KEEPING AWARD WINNERS In recognition of your professional attitude, true dedication, superb application of animal husbandry practices, and contributions to the welfare of the animal life placed in your charge. Vavld Thomas, Washington PoAk Zoo, PoAtland, OR Phil Pennock, Woodland Paxk Zoological GoAdens, Seattle, WA AAZK MERITORIOUS ACHIEVEMENT AWARD WINNER In recognition of outstanding achievement in the field of wildlife conservation and animal husbandry Txacy MltleA AAZK OUTSTANDING SERVICE AWARD In appreciation for Hosting the 1986 AAZK National Conference Asslnlbolne PoAk ZookeepeAS Association Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada 1986 AKF EXCELLENCE IN JOURNALISM AWARDS Outstanding Mammal Article: "Methods of Determining Estrus in a White Rhinoceros" Kathleen Robblbaxo, PxttsbuAgh Zoo, PlttsbuAgh, PA Outstanding Avian Article: "Practical Aspects of the Husbandry & Maintenance of Magellanic Penguins at the San Francisco Zoo" Leslie AveAy-Beausolell, San pAanclsco Zoo, San EAanclsco , CA and Elizabeth A. Ryan, San EAanclsco Zoo, San fAanclsco, CA Outstanding Educational Series: "Reptile Care: Relating to the Inquiring Novice" Susan M. BoAnoAd, Zoo Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 292 1986 AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF ZOO KEEPER AWARDS, ConUnue-d Outstanding Narrative Series: "Learning at the Zoo" Mtfee S2A.dman, Phoenix Zoo, Phoenix, kl Outstanding Narrative Article: "Animal Care at the San Diego Zoo" 3eii TuAnage, San Diego loo, San VZego, Ck Outstanding Husbandry Article: "Evaluating Animal Exhibits & Husbandry With Day-Long Observations" Kaei. Thompson, Hatiovwd. Zootogi.eat Pa/ik, Wa^hi.ngton, VC Outstanding Management Article: "Feeding Captive Insectivorous Bats: Maintenance of Food Colonies" SiUan M. BoAnoAd, Zoo kttanixi, ktlanXa, Gk Outstanding Cover Art: October 1985, "Crowned Crane and Chick" Ccuthy Taibbi., Zoo ktlanXa, ktlayUa, Gk HONORABLE MENTION AWARDS " EZephantui-LU nu^ex>cens at the National Zoological Park", Angela Keppel, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC. (Mammal Category) "Successful Semen Collection from a Hand-Reared Cheetah", Terri Schuerman, San Diego Wild Animal Park, Escondido, CA. (Mammal Category) "Reflections on Central Africa", Robert Berghaier, Philadelphia Zoological Gardens, Philadelphia, PA. (Narrative Series Category) "utilizing the Handicapped in the Zoo", Janet McCoy, Washington Park Zoo, Portland, OR. (Outstanding Narrative Category) "The Little Chapter That Could - the story of a Chapter project", Kerry Hoffman, Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum, Tucson, AZ. (Outstanding Narrative Category) "Euthanasia as a Management Tool - "A Case History", Anne Payne, Detroit Zoological Park, Detroit, MI. (Management Category) "Ringed- tailed Lemur and Twins" - Cover Art January 1986 - Elayne Barclay, Washington Park Zoo, Portland, OP.. (Cover Art Category) 293 Coming Events "THE ZOO-UNIVERSITY CONNECTION: COLLABORATIVE EFFORTS IN THE CONSERVATION OF ENDANGERED PRIMATES" Oct. 15-17, 1986 Madison, WI Co-sponsored by the Wisconsin Regional Primate Research Center and the Milwaukee County Zoo. For more information contact: Ann Savage, Directors Office, Wisconsin Regional Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, 1223 Capitol Ct., Madison, WI 54715-1299. AFRICAN RHINO WORKSHOP October 26-28, 1986 Cincinnati, OH Workshop conducted by the Cincinnati Zoo and sponsored by the Zoological Society of Cincinnati and Wild Animal Habitat. For more information, contact Ed Maruska, Cincinnati Zoo, 3400 Vine St., Cincinnati, OH 45220 (513) 281-4701. SIXTH ANNUAL CONVENTION OF ZOO VETERINARY TECHNICIANS Oct. 31-Nov. 2, 1986 Chicago, IL Lecture topics will include protozoan parasites, exotic animal dentistry, clinical procedures in aquatic animals, case history reports, etc. The meetings will be held at the Brookfield Zoo, Lincoln Park Zoo and Milwaukee County Zoo. Luncheons, zoo tours and transportation in Chicago are included. The registration fee is $90; students $65. For further registration infor- mation contact: Ruth Laufer, AZVT President, 2119 33rd St., Lion, IL 60099. "UNDERSTANDING CHIMPANZEES" Nov. 7-9, 1986 Chicago, IL International symposium hosted by the Chicago Academy of Sciences to focus on field and captive behavior of chimpanzees. More than 25 researchers will present papers (see August 1986 AKF, p. 252 for further program information). Registration for the entire symposium of $100 ^ $60 for Zookeepers or students. Individual sessions are $20 each. Deadline for registration is 15 October. For further information contact: "Understanding Chimpanzees", The Chicago Academy of Sciences, 2001 North Clark St., Chicago, IL 60614 (312) 549-0606. THE SECOND INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BREEDING BIRDS IN CAPTIVITY Feb. 11-15, 1987 Universal City, CA Honoring Jean Delacour, the symposium will be hosted by the International Foundation for the Conservation of Birds. To be held at the Sheraton Premier, Universal City, CA. For further information contact: I.F.C.B., 11300 Weddington St., North Hollywood, CA 91601 (818) 980-9818. 294 COMING EVENTS, ConUna^d SIXTH ANNUAL NATIONAL WILDLIFE REHABILITATORS ASSOCIATION SYMPOSIUM March 18-22, 1987 Clearwater Beach, FL Hosted by the Suncoast Seabird Sanctuary, the four-day symposium will feature qualified speakers, hands-on workshops (beginners & advanced), rehabilitation center field trips and an opportunity to exchange ideas and acquire valuable contacts. Topics of interest include: wildlife medicine, postmortem exams, banding, ageing and sexing, cage design, administration and fund-raising. For more information contact: Symposium Information, Suncoast Seabird Sanctuary, 18328 Gulf Blvd., Indian Shores, FL 33535, (813) 391-6211 ATTN: Barb Suto. AAZPA REGIONAL CONFERENCES ^ 1987 AAZPA Northeastern Regional Conference - 15-17 March 1987, Liverpool, NY. For more information, contact James Aiello, Ph.D., Curator Education/Docent Chairman Burnet Park Zoo, Box 146, Liverpool, NY 13088 (315) 425-3775. AAZPA Western Regional Conference - 5-7 April 1987, Fresno, CA For more information, contact Scott Ransom, Assistant Zoo Manager, Fresno Zoo, 894 Belmont Ave., Fresno, CA 93728 (209) 488-1549. AAZPA Central Regional Conference - 12-14 April 1987, Colorado Springs, CO. For more information, contact Gerald Brady, General Curator, Cheyenne Mountain Zoological Park, Box 158, Colorado Springs, CO 80901 (303) 633-0917. AAZPA Great Lakes Regional Conference - 26-28 April 1987, St. Louis, MO For more information, contact William Boever, DVM, St. Louis Zoological Park, Forest Park, St. Louis, MO 63110 (314) 781-0900. AAZPA Southern Regional - 3-5 May 1987, Tampa, FL For more information, contact Judith Breuggeman, Ph.D., Education Coordinator, Busch Gardens, Box 9158, Tampa, FL 33674 (813) 988-5171. Information Please Mill Mountain Zoo is requesting information on the captive management of Brazilian red-crested cardinals ( VcUioa/LLa. CQ/LOncuta} and Queensland eastern rosellas ( Ptcutyc.(2AC.uJ> 2.X-lmdlU> C^CaZclq,] . Please send any information to: Laurie J. Thomas, Senior Keeper, Mill Mountain Zoo, P.O. Box 13484, Roanoke, VA 24034. Information is requested on the ratio between male/female sea lion pup births. The ratio between male/female pup deaths and at what age and the male /female pup ratio of pup abandonment by mothers and at what age. Any information on these ratios would be appreciated. Please send any infor- mation to: Constance Noble, c/o Zoo Atlanta, 800 Cherokee Ave., Atlanta, CA 30315. 295 Keeper Training Materials Identification Project - An Update On Training Manuals By Rohmaxy Jalxyik, Pxoj2.(Lt Hmd MountcUn ZoologlcaJi ?axk Roanoke, l/A JvEDUCATION The Keeper Training Materials Identi- fication Project identified various materials in use at zoos for training and secured permission to list their availability to keepers and others in the zoo profession. The goal is to help zoos improve and formalize their training programs, and to provide ani- mal care personnel with opportunities for self-improvement. Included are lists of training manuals which are available. The list is for information use only and is not meant as an endorsement by AAZK of the manuals. Some zoos have chosen not to make their manuals available and those manuals listed are on a limited basis. Comments about the manuals are made to help you decide which manual would best assist your situation. If you have additional questions or know of other manuals which are not listed, please contact: Ld.nda Txech^el, TXLinxng ManaaZ-6 CooXcUnatoX, Cuxatox oi kviimat Health, fol-6om CktZdxen'6 loo, 2800 A Stxeet, Ltneoln, ME 68502, MANUALS AVAILABLE Calgary Zoo Box 3036 Station B Calgary, Alberta Canada T2M 4R8 Calgary Zoo Zookeeper Restraint Procedures Calgary Zoo Training Manual currently being revised, will be avail- able at a later date. Central Texas Zoo Route 10, Box 173E Waco, TX 76708 Crandon Park (no longer is use, now Miami Metrozoo) Little Rock Zoo // 1 Jonesboro Dr. Little Rock, AR 72205 Central Texas Zoo Manual - 29 pages general information, cost is $2 charge for copying and postage. Crandon Park Zookeeper Training and Refer- ence Manual prepared by Vernon N. Kisling, Jr. and Phillip R. Allen, has extensive sections on biology /zoology , section on care of eggs and young, contact AAZK Committee. Little Rock Zoo Procedures & Zoo Husbandry Manual - 131 pages - contains glossary, taxonomic listing which includes gesta- tion periods. 296 Keeper Training Materials Identification Prolect - Manual Index CONTINUING KEEPER EDUCATION, CoyiXlyui2,d A'aesso [0 X O swei a^LLPLIM X X‘6o[ooz/A‘6oLOLa X sa:^Bjqa:;a0Aui X MSU X •qLqdiuv -day X X spa.Lg X X s [Biuiiiew X X aueo ^ asn [ooi o o o 6uLdaa>jpuo3aa o o X X o X aDUBuaq.uLew dn T3S TLqiqxg X X o o o X O o joLAeqag X X X o o OuLLpueg ’8 TULeuq.sag o o o BuLpaaj/spaaj X X X X o Loa:^uo3 qsag ^ auaiB/CH o X o X A':H.an3as A'Taj.es o X X o o X uoL:^e:^uaLJ0 o X X X o o o MANUAL TITLE X = extensive 0 = basic Central Texas Zoo Manual Crandon Park Zookeeper Training & Reference Manual Little Rock Zoo Exotic Animal Husbandry Program Little Rock Zoo Procedures and Zoo Husbandry Manual Mill Mountain Zookeepers Manual Potter Park Zoo Policy Manual ZooAmerica's Naturalist Safety/Task Manual CONTINUING KEEPER EDUCATION, ConUnued Little Rock Zoo (continued) Mill Mountain Zoo P.O. Box 13484 Roanoke, VA 24034 Little Rock Zoo Exotic Animal Husbandry Pro- gram - 16 pages - program set up for keepers to evaluate and then recommend planning renovations for exhibits using format set forth in manual. Cost is $12 for both books to cover copy- ing and postage. Zookeepers Manual - 50 pages - contains many excerpts from Calgary Zoo Manual, cost is $4 plus postage. Potter Park Zoo 1301 South Pennsylvania Ave. Lansing, MI 48933 Potter Park Zoo Policy Manual outlines the policy set in various areas, charge for copying & postage. ZooAmerica 100 West Hersheypark Dr. Hershey, PA 17033 ZooAmerica *s Naturalist Safety/Task Train- ing Manual - revised annually, job specific manual for zoo's exhibits, charge for copying & postage. VIDEO RESEARCH PROJECT UPDATE With the manual review project well underway, we are ready to begin search- ing for pertinent videos. These videos can be directly from zoo’s librar- ies or other sources. Our goal is to publish a listing of available videos with a brief description of each. These videos need not be a formal production. We are seeking any video that may assist a keeper either in self-improvement or in giving guidance and training to them. If you know of any tapes that you feel may be helpful to our project, please take the time to fill out the following questionnaire to assist the committee in locating additional training materials. Complete the following and return to: Ro6£m(Viy JdUjik, Q.1 0 Mouyitciin Zoo, P.O. Box 134S4, Roanoke, l/A 24034. Name: Where you work: Videos available to you: (Number) Check one: In-House Subjects: ^ANIMAL HEALTH SAFETY FEEDS/FEEDING (Diets) KEEPER TRAINING Purchased elsewhere RE STRAIN! /HANDL ING OTHER 298 SPECTEUM Quality exotic animal diets Fixed formulation Nutritionally balanced Economical Frozen feline diets L S® Frozen bird of prey diets Frozen canine diet Chunk and chopped horsemeat, hearts, livers, rib, shank, and knuckle bones Feline canned Omnivore dry Primate canned Primate dry Marmoset canned Banana flavored primate, 1 5% protein Banana flavored primate Pro-Plus, 25% SreCTRUM protein Omnivore dry Polar Bear dry Ratite dry Hoofstock supplement, with Selenium When you need a complete line of high-quality dry, canned, and frozen animal diets for your feeding program, call Animal Spectrum today. In Nebraska, call collect 402/488-6492. Animal SPECTRUM Inc. Box 6307 Lincoln, NE 68506-0307 zoo News From Japan INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CAPRICORNIS AND ITS RELATED SPECIES By VoneXavu. looVELIIoo VeA-ign S EducoutLon Lab Kobe., Japan We held a magnificent world-scaled conference at the Japan Serow Center and around their environs in Mie-pref ecture (in the mid area of Japan) on 11-13 May of this year. This International Symposium on Capricornis and its related species was very successful. We welcomed many participants from foreign countries and I was able to renew acquaintances with some of the visitors from afar. We were fortunate to celebrate our opening cere- monies in the presence of their Majesties' (Imperial Highnesses Prince and Princess Hitachi) . Although I am not able to explain all the details of this symposium due to space limitations, I would like to put some of the following matters on record for those unable to attend. According to the program, everything went forward favorably and we are proud of the schedule which was shown as follows . Following the opening ceremony, two special lectures were presented. The first, "Review of the Saiga in Captivity" was presented by J. Dolan, Gen- eral Curator from the San Diego Zoo. The second, "The Evolutionary Biology of the Chamois" was presented by S. Lovari of the University of Parma in Italy. The opening day's activities concluded with a welcoming party. Following a tour of the Japan Serow Center on the top of Gozaisho Mt. via ropeway, the second day's activities included four paper sessions. The first, "Distribution and Status of Gapricornis" included papers on the following: "Survey of breeding of 217 Japanese Serow in Gaptivity" by A. Komori, Japan Association of Zoos & Aquariums; "Family Break-up in the Japanese Serow" by R. Kishimoto, Osaka Gity University; "An aerial Driving Censusing Technique for the Japanese Serow by Heliocopter in Rugged and Mountainous Terrain" by M. Abe, Forest Institute/Ministry of Agr. & Fish; and "The Preliminary Study of the Ecology of Formosan Serow" by K.Y. Lue, Taiwan Normal University. Session Two focused on "Ecology of Capricornis crispus" and included the following presentations: "Japanese Serow in the Southern Range, Kyushu" by Y. Ono and T. Doi, Kyushu University; "Radio-tracking of Japanese Serow in Akita, Northeast Japan" by K. Maita, Akita Center of Birds & Mammals; "The Amount of Food Taken by Two Raised Japanese Serows" by H. Chiba, Ohmachi Alpen Museum; "Social Behavior of Japanese Serow" by M. Masui, Chief Veterinarian, Ueno Zoo-Tokyo; and "Heavy Metal Accumulation in Tissue of Wild Japanese Serow" by R. Tatsukawa and K. Honda, Ehime Uni- versity . Session Three was entitled "Keeping and Breeding of Rupicaprini" and in- cluded the following papers: "Keeping and Breeding of Chamois in Captiv- ity" by H. Pechlaner, Director, Alpen Zoo, Austria; "Reproduction and Behavior of Formosan Serow at Taipei Zoo" by P.C. Chen, General Curator, Taipei Zoo/Taiwan; "Breeding of Sumatran Serow at Dusit Zoo" by C. Meckvichai, Director, Dusit Zoo/Thailand; and "The Breeding Behavior and General Activity Patterns of Japanese Serow at the WAP" by J. Berg, San Diego Wild Animal Park. 300 zoo NEWS FROM JAPAN, CoyvUnu^d The final paper session for that day dealt with "Breeding of Saiga and Mongolian Gazelle". Presentations included: "Experiences of Keeping and Breeding of Saiga-antelope at Tierpark, Berlin" by C. Pohle, Deputy Curator, Tierpark Berlin/East Germany; and "Breeding of Mongolian Gazelle" by M. Miyashita, Zoo Veterinarian, Tennoji Zoo-Osaka. The final day of the Symposium featured five paper sessions. Session 5, "Anatomy of Capricornis" included the following presentations: "Morpho- logical Characteristics of Japanese Serows, with special reference to interdigital gland" by M. Sugimura, Gifu University; "Histology and Lipid Analysis of Infraorbital Gland, and its functional consideration in Japan- ese Serow" by Y. Yokohata, Gifu University; "Brachail and Lumbosacral Plexuses and Brain of Japanese Serow" by Y. Atoji, Gifu University; and "What Does the Serow* s Horn Inform Us?" by S. Miura, Hyogo Medical College. Session Six, "Diseases of Rupicaprini" included the following papers: "Clostridium Infections in Chamois in Captivity" by H. Wiesner, Director, Munich Zoo/West Germany; "Pathological Study of Japanese Serow" by Y. Suzuki, Gifu University; "Serological Survey of Selected Microbial Patho- genesis in Japanese Serow in Gifu-pref ecture" by T. Kinjo and N. Minamoto, Gifu University; and "Hematological Studies of Japanese Serow" by H. Hori, Supervisor of Kanazawa Nature Park, Zoo Yokohama. Session Seven, "Breeding of Rocky Mountain-goat and Goral" included the following presentations: "Ecology and Behavior of Mountain Goat [0^Q,cmyiO6 ameA^CCCniU ) by M. Hutchins, Curatorial Assistant, Bronx Zoo/NY; "Breeding of Red Goral" by H. Sohma, Tokyo Medical College instead of C. Chang, Shanghai Zoo/China (He was absent to this symposium); and "Breeding of Goral, Formosan Serow and Chamois" by the Executive Manager of the Japan Serow Center, T. I to. Session Eight dealt with "Reproduction and Endocrinology" and featured four papers. They were: "Reproduction of female Japanese Serows especially validity of regressive corpora lutea in pregnancy, elastoid bodies, as criteria of past-par tuition" by I. Kita, Gifu University; "Seasonal Changes in Male Reproductive Functions of Japanese Serows" by T. Chiba, Gifu Univ- ersity; "Steroid Hormone Synthesis and Secretion of Adrenals of Wild Japan- ese Serows" by T. Nakamura, Gifu University; and "Nutritional Estimation of Japanese Serow by Fecal Analysis" by Y. Hazumi and N. Maruyama, Tokyo Noko (= agriculture & industry) University. The final session entitled "Genetics of Capricornis and its related Species" included two special lectures: "Evolutionary Pathways of Rupicaprids" by V. Geist, University of Calgary, Canada and "Evolutionary Pathway of Tribe Rupicaprini" by H. Sohma and H. Kada, Tokyo Medical College. This first international congress for Serows family was supported by Environmental Agency, Cultural Agency, Mie Prefecture, Educational Commit- tee of Mie, Mammalogical Society of Japan, Society of Chromosome Research, Genetic Society of Japan, Japan Association of Zoological Gardens and Aquarium, Association of Museum in Mie, Kyushu University, Gifu University, Mie University, Tokyo Medical College and so on. I*m hoping that the symposium's reports shall be turned to advantage for Zoo-facilities keeping these rare species (especially Japanese Serow designated as a special natural monument in our country). In other words, the most should be made out of the data on Japanese Serow for the San Diego Zoo (first U.S. zoo to keep this species); Los Angeles Zoo (first breeding success in U.S. although offspring did not survive); Peking Zoo/ China (first to keep and breed species outside of Japan) or Vienna Zoo/Austria 301 zoo NEWS FROM JAPAN, Co/vUnued (first European facility fo keep the species). One Japanese Serow is scheduled to be sent to the West Berlin Zoo this Fall. This will be the second individual of the species in Europe. By the way, you may refer to my article in the March 1984 issue of AKF , page 65, about an introduction of Japan Serow Center for your information. At the present time, there are 8 species, 29 specimens, i.e. Chamois, Chinese Grey Corals, Formosan Serows, Sumatran Serows (newly arrived here this past April), Saiga, Musk Oxen, Rocky-Mt. goats and our Japanese Serows at the Center. The above-mentioned four species are only held in captivity in Japan. On the last day of the Symposium, the first baby of third generation of Chamois just came into the world and its good news made a colorful story greeted by applause by the participants. {EdltoK'^ Note,: Vue. to -6pac.e. ltmtXatlovu>, 6ome mouteAtaJi iKom ftepont MU not tndude.d - tke.6e being ab^t/iactu o{i -6om oi the pape/u pn.ej>ented at the Symposium, Ab^t/iacJu by the iottoMing authoA6 axe avail- able by sending a 6el{^-addxeA^ed, stamped enevlope to the AKF edltox: Jame6 M. Volan, Sandxo Lavaxl, Ualexui^ Gelut, ktAouhi Komoxt, tUtuuko ^ouul, Helmut Peehlanex, Judith Bexg, Clacu Pohle and Vo^hltaka Suzuki,} Chapter News APPALACHIAN AAZK CHAPTER The Appalachian Chapter has had successful programs over the sum- mer months in Mill Mountain’s amphitheatre. We have presented over 35 programs on such topics as mammals, careers, birds, and snakes of Virginia. The programs were presented Wednesdays through Sundays in the afternoons. ZOO ATLANTA AAZK CHAPTER The Zoo Atlanta Chapter is cele- brating its 15th year. Our Chapter is more active than ever with fund- raising, exhibit construction, soc- ial events and promoting the world’s next great zoo. We look forward with much enthusiasm to another 15 years . The Chapter has produced T-shirts with our three-year-old African elephant’s footprint on them. These colorful shirts are available for $8.00. Zoo Atlanta recently cele- brated the 25th anniversary of ’’Willie B.”, our male lowland gor- illa. Commemorative T-shirts are available for $5.00. Please send checks made payable to Zoo Atlanta AAZK Chapter to: AAZK Treasurer, 800 Cherokee Ave., Atlanta, GA 30315. This month the Ghapter will resume the guest speaker series to be pre- sented at the Science Museum of Western Virginia. The series will continue through May. The AAZK logo sticker project has had a successful start. Informa- tion on ordering stickers may be found elsewhere in this issue of AKF. Mill Mountain Zoo has sent one representative, Laurie Thomas, to the National AAZK Conference in Winnipeg, Canada. — Randy (Jilal^k — Launle Thomas, Secxetaxy 302 Co-chairmen Bob Debets - Churchill Post-Conference Trip, Fund-raising Mark de Denus - AECF, Cartoons, Fund-raising Tim Kelly - Conference Auction, Video, Fund-raising Robert Kostyra - Conference Pac, Printing, Fund-raising, T-shirts Harold Masters - Conference Pac, Photo Album, Fund-raising, Vegetarians Stacy Seguin - Papers Committee, Fund-raising Phil King - Papers Committee, Zoo Tours Graeme MacKendrick - Papers Committee, Fund-raising John Toothill - Zoolympics, Conference Pac, Fund-raising Nancy King - Zoolympics, Fund-raising Janice Martin - Conference Pac Chairperson, Donations, Fund-raising Jim Martin - Conference Pac, Advertising Peter Elliott - Registration Co-ordinator, Fund-raising Chris Neuendorf f - Photo Contest, Fund-raising Dave Curtis - Fund-raising, Hotel Committee Barb Haffner - Fund-raising Chairperson, T-shirts Geoff Oliver - Conference Treasurer, Fund-raising Elaine Sutton - Fund-raising, Hotel, Video Committee Fund-raising and Support A1 Baker Jos Gatien Gary Gillies John Baronins Craig McBain (Transportation) Letty Last Jeff Tazumi Terry Land (Framing) John Heggie Denise Patino Janis McCarthy Darryl Wiebe (Cartoons) Paul de Denus (Logo Design) Stan Nizol Robert Taylor (Churchill Tour) .... and all the friends and staff of Assiniboine Park Zoo vtio helped and cared enough to make this a very successful Conference. 303 Book Review Encyclopedia of Turtles By Dr. Peter C.H. Pritchard T.F.H. Publications, Inc., Ltd., 1979 Box 427, Neptune, NJ 07753. 895 pages $45.95 by Kathy SuchoAhtakut, KeepeA/Book Re.vtm ChatApe/uon, AkAon Zoologtcal PoAk, AfzAon, OH At first glance, the 895-page, hardbound Encyclopedia of Turtles might overwhelm turtle enthusiasts of all stages, but as soon as one reaches the table of contents, any doubts are cast aside because this book is well-organized and very readable. The chapters flow. Turtle family and genera identifications, based upon natural keys, are used in conjunction with the text and several hundred black and white and color photographs found throughout the book. The key is straightforward, and the language is not too technical (a glossary is located at the back of the book); therefore, the system is fairly easy to follow. Chapter Two takes a comprehensive look at anatomy. Thoroughly covered in both text and sketches are the various aspects of the shell, skull, verte- bra; limb, foot, and hyoid structures; muscles and respiratory, digestive, excretory, circulatory, nervous and reproductive systems. One notices immediately that the text is not filled with literature citings. Instead, Dr. Pritchard has a section called "Background reading" at the end of Chapters 2-12 where books and papers are cited. This set-up has two ob- vious advantages. One, it provides for continuous and uninterrupted read- ing and two, it puts additional pertinent reading right at one’e fingertips and not buried in a lengthy bibliography. Evolutionary history is covered in Chapter Three. Three recognized sub- orders - AmpklakQZydUa, VtmAoduAa, and CAyptodiAa are individually stud- ied and divided into families. The chapter concluded with six different classification systems. Chapters 4-10 deal with families, genera, species, and subspecies. Clear black and white or beautiful color photographs accompany almost every species and most subspecies described. Through his interest, years of field research, and inclusion of other researchers’ materials. Dr. Pritchard makes the reader aware of turtle diversity and evolutionary adaptations. Conservation and exploitation are discussed in Chapter 11. Chapter 12 deals with captivity; i.e. capture, care, breeding, and diseases. As if these twelve chapters did not already add up to an excellent turtle book, a checklist of living species and subspecies, a list of living and extinct genera, and a glossary are included in a one-volume book which would be of interest to keepers, collectors, librarians, and anyone else turtle-minded. It is available from T.F.H. Publications for $45.95. {RzvtmzA' 6 Notn: Recently I have. be.e,n appotnte.d Book Revtew ChadApeAAon, I am tn the. pAoc.e^6 o^ contacting tko6c o^ you Mho cxpAeJ>6cd tnteACAt tn the committee, 6o be Matching youA mailboxes and thanks ioA youA patcence! ) 306 CHINESE MONKEY BREAD By HoAmony FAaz-leA-TayloA. SzyiloA V oX^Alvicuiy Technician iiJoodland PoAk Zoological GcuidenA SecUilc, WA (Based on information provided by: Liu Yifu, Curator - Chongqing Zoo; Hu Hongguang, Veterinarian - Chongqing Zoo, as interpreted by Yang Honghu, Foreign Affairs Office - Chonngqing) From January 26 through May 5 of this year the Woodland Park Zoological Gardens had the honor of participating in a three-month friendship loan of the rare Golden Monkey {1.1 Rhino pith eCLU Aoxcllanac} from Chongqing Zoo, Peoples Republic of China. I was fortunate to be one of the people chosen to be responsible for their care. It was a very exciting three months: caring for the monkeys, shar- ing with the Chinese delegation and participating in public education pro- grams . One of the things the Chinese delegation shared with us was the making of a steamed bread which they use in China like we use monkey chow. It is actually very tasty and might be a good diet addition for those primates that refuse monkey chow. It can also be used to wean animals onto monkey chow by slowly adding soaked biscuits to the recipe. The consistence is chewy rather than hard like regular biscuits, which might make it appro- oriate for older primates with dental problems. Mr. Liu and Dr. Hu suggested 80-1 20g daily for the 21kg male and 60-70g daily for the 12.5kg female. This was in addition to unlimited browse and some fruit and vegetables. THE RECIPE: 200g Flour 200g Corn Meal 150g Rice Flour 90g Bran lOg Salt 30g Sugar 30g Bone Meal lOOg Pork (like ground beef) 1 egg Mix all dry ingredients together. Beat egg in small bowl and add pork, mix well. Pour some warm water into egg mixture, about 1/2 cup. Pour liquids into dry and mix. Dough should hold its shape. Add more water as needed. Roll into a ball and then flatten out like a disc. Put on a piece of cheese cloth and then put on a steamer (Bamboo or small metal vegetable steamer). Steam about 1/2 hour once the water is boiling. It doesn't rise, is quite solid, and is easily cut into small pieces. Makes 2-3 discs about 6 inches across. SPECIAL NOTES: Once the Golden Monkeys left Seattle they visited Washington Park Zoo in Portland, OR for another three months. During that time they became the parents of a healthy male infant. The infant named Mei Mei (beautiful), is the first Golden Monkey to be conceived and/or born out- side of China. 307 THINK Safety! AAZK SAFETY PROJECT AVAILABLE By JM. Gmde Cotumn Coo^dinatoK Some time ago I put out a call for chapters or individuals who might be interested in handling the production of safety bumper stickers and/or buttons. 1 also asked for logo suggestions and other ideas. Out of that came a wonderful idea from Denise Robinson at the Philadelphia Zoo. Un- fortunately, the Philly Zoo is unable to handle the project. The idea as it has evolved is this: 4" stickers in red with the message in the center on white. The messages could then vary - i.e. "THINK SAFETY!", "ACT SAFELY!", etc. - or the center could be left blank to be filled in as specifically as desired to indicate trouble spots in keeper areas. The stickers could be used alone or as eye-catchers in conjunction with larger or more detailed signage. These safety warning stickers have tremendous potential for preventative safety messages. The uniform design could come to be instantly recognizable as a safety warning in zoos everywhere. I am also still interested in getting something going on bumper stickers and buttons. I am smitten with Judie Steenberg's (Woodland Park Zoo) idea of using "Safe Keeping" or "Keeping Safe" as a double entendre in some sort of slogan. New ideas would be appreciated as well. This project is available in part or as a whole immediately. I see it as a service project, non-prof itable, with 100% financing from the board; but it could be managed for profit as well. The benefits it would provide for fellow keepers are incalcuable. Accidents can be personally devastating to keepers and a financial drain on zoo budgets. Safety should be an in- tegral part of every work day; but it is too often ignored or forgotten through habit, sometimes with tragic results. Just think, a simple re- minder to THINK SAFETY! could save a life! Any chapter or individual interested in considering this worthwhile pro- ject may contact me at: Lincoln Park Zoo, Hospital, 200 N. Cannon Dr., Chicago, IL 60614-3895 (312) 294-4689. And how about sending in a few contributions for the THINK SAFETY! column? Newspaper articles on animal-related accidents are good reminders for every one to THINK SAFETY! And even more valuable than outside articles are re- collections of personal experiences involving safety at your zoo. Or maybe you’ve run across a safety-related cartoon or you know of someone who could draw one up for you. Long or short, humorous or noteworthy - send it in. Just one contribution from each of you could keep this column going for over 1200 months! Let's all THINK SAFETY! 308 9 RENOVATION OF A THIRD WORLD ZOO: JARDIN ZOOLOGICO METROPOLITANO, HONDURAS PART 2: After the Presidential Election IkiokcLoJi B^otog^t REWARE/ Peace HonduJuu (EcLltoA.'^ Mote.: Vcuit 1 appe.aAe.d tn the. Vehnxicuuj 1986 t^^ae AKf. The ^oltoMtng AJ> an update eonditton^ at the zoo (^otloMtng the p^eJ>tden- tlat eteettovi^ In Hondu/uu.j The first part of this article which appeared in AKF (Feb. *86) was writ- ten in December 1985, the month after Jose Azcona Hoyo was elected Presi- dent of Honduras. It was not until January 1986 that he was inaugurated and his faction of the Liberal Party took office. This resulted in the firing of many government employees who were not of the party and hiring people who were. Jardin Zoologico Metropolitano is operated by the gov- ernment agency of Natural Renewable Resources (RENARE) and its personnel were greatly affected by the new government. Nobody knew who would re- ceive the "White Envelope" which could come at any time and terminate one's job. People who were not party members scrambled to search out em- ployment elsewhere while pilfering RENARE documents and materials so that any replacement for that person would have to begin from scratch. At the zoo, keepers were being fired only to be replaced by party members who had no experience with captive animals, but were earning more money than the experienced keepers. Morale plummeted, meat intended for the animals was stolen from the zoo by employees and bought by vendors in the marketplace, enclosures were halfheartedly cleaned, and the veterinarian found another place of employment. Though frustrated, I was not about to let the zoo go under. I presented the problem to the Committee for the Conservation and Improvement of the Environment which is a volunteer non-profit organization composed of in- fluential citizens in government and private sectors who are dedicated to improving environmental quality in urban areas. It was decided to com- mence a public relations campaign, a masterplan for the zoo, and to solic- it technical and material assistance from as many government agencies as possible. The Committee (COMCA) would serve as the zoo support group and I would spearhead the project. I was working with two city architects on the masterplan and once we had an outline, preliminary budget, and a few sketches, we held a conference with representatives from the ministeries, environmental groups, and the university to explain our plan and solicit interagency coordination. The meeting was well received. The next day, Sergio Andrades, the newly ap- pointed assistant director of the Department of Wildlife (RENARE), told me he was impressed by my talk and wanted to work on the development of the zoo. This was the first time somebody in RENARE actually expressed an interest in bettering the zoo. Sergio is a forester. He knew little about wildlife but had strong support from the new RENARE director and a desire to put written plans into action. Sometimes what people promise to do and what actually gets done are two different things. With Sergio, my new Honduran counterpart, this was not the case. We worked closely together as I trained him in zoo management, biology, and wildlands of Honduras. He hired a larger zookeeper team and a new administrator who would personally be responsible for animal escapes and worker irresponsibility. Enclosures were enlarged and those beyond re- pair were dismantled. 309 RENOVATION OF A THIRD WORLD ZOO: PART 2 - After the Presidential Election i Continued} The zoo serpentarium began to extract venom and established a white mouse breeding facility to use in the diets of snakes, birds of prey, and carnivores. The snakes are taken into rural areas and agricultural ex- hibitions as part of a zoo environmental education extension program to encourage a positive awareness towards wildlife and the need for conser- vation. Scouts of Honduras, the municipality, and university biology students realize small but significant zoo improvement projects. Garbage recep- tacles and plantings were donated by private businesses. The RENARE Department of Promotion is providing guided tours. A part-time veterin- arian has been acquired. The zoo was featured and promoted four times on a weekly television program sponsored by the Armed Forces within the last two months. The military is currently providing the zoo with night watchmen, food for the animals, and manpower for improvement projects. Realizing the potential for tourism, the Secretariat of Culture and Tour- ism is donating 40,000 Lempiras ($20,000) for the construction of play- ground equipment and a small amphitheater. While the zoo infrastructure was progressing, the zoo collected animal inventories from zoos in Guatemala, Belize, Panama, and El Salvador which will be computerized by the Center for the Study of Tropical Birds in an attempt to facilitate animal exchanges and encourage the formation of a Central American Association of Zoological Parks. The director of the Belize Zoo, Sharon Matola, and Steve McCehe of the Center for the Study of Tropical Birds visited the zoo and provided valuable suggestions for short-term and long-term projects. As a result of their technical assistance, the zoo is looking into the possibility of utilizing solar energy, a green iguana breeding program, and a pro- gram to transport surplus Central American birds from U.S. breeding cen- ters, rehabilitation centers, and zoo to be released into their native habitat in Honduras. The Belize and Honduras zoos are collaborating in the planning of a conference on "The Role of Central American Zoos in Fauna Conservation and Wildland Management" which will, if funding is allocated, be held in Belize and will also serve to unite Central Ameri- can zoos for the first time. Aside from public and private sector collaboration, by virtue of the Committee for the Conservation and Improvement of the Environment, a non-profit support group is organizing to raise funds and implement the zoo masterplan. At the time of this writing, the future of the zoo seems assured as long as there is continued national and international support. There always exists a lack of cement, wood, fencing, and other basic materials. There is also a lack of technical literature and expertise in Honduras. Nevertheless, in only two years, the zoo that began as a poorly operated animal menagerie has emerged as one of Honduras' fore- most centers of environmental education, conservation, recreation and tourism. 310 MEET THE AAZK BOARD OF DIRECTORS - Frank Kohn {Editor’ 6 Note: TfbU -iM the ^ouAth tn a ^tve-pa/it ^oAtoJi tntAoducA.ng the memboAAhtp to the tndtvtduaLi, \xko make up the AAZK Boa/id ol VtAeetoAA. It dA theAe decUeated Keeper Mho keep the A^60(itatton Aunntng, make the de- CyUtoyU) Mhteh af^^eet AAZK' 6 ^atjuAe eouAAe actton and woAk to promote the -image o{, pn.o{ji^A6tonatUm Mithtn the zoologteat eommuntti/.} I have always beeen interested in animals, owning the traditional fare of white mice, hamsters, rabbits, goldfish and dogs. In college I studied psychology as a means to learn about animal behavior as opposed to animal learning. At the time the field of animal behavior was still quite young as an academic level discipline in this country. Working with white rats was interesting and taught me the methods required for the degree. I was more fascinated by field studies and my professors allowed me to organize a team of three students to study the dominance and social systems of the resident quad dogs of the school campus. One term provided answers to who was boss at different times of the day, week and term. In graduate school I continued studying standard rat behavior, but pursued wild and exotic animal studies whenever the opportunity was available. Eventually I learned of the National Zoo’s Conservation & Research Center in Front Royal, VA and contacted the scientists there about the possibility of conducting a master’s degree thesis on some zoo animal. The possibility became reality and I set off on an 18-month study investigating olfactory capabilities in binturongs. After three months working at the center and with the binturongs, I decided that zoo work was where I wanted to be. I had started as a researcher and through the patience and knowledge of the keeper staff at CRC I learned that one of the best ways to study animals was to work with them and develop a keeper’s attitude. My goal was to im- prove the research abilities of keepers and ultimately encourage them to initiate research on their animals in collaboration with other zoo and university scientists. When I completed my thesis I was very lucky to obtain a position as keeper at the Audubon Park & Zoological Gardens in New Orleans. The next three years were spent in the hoofed stock section, helping the zoo rebuild it- self into a semi-naturalistic habitat for tapirs, and capybaras, swimming in a large, deep lagoon as well as many other species. I also worked on various research projects. While in New Orleans I became quite active in AAZK both on the local and National levels, serving as vice-president and later president of the local chapter. In 1980 at the national meeting in Montgomery, the Research/ Grants Committee was formed. I was appointed as advisor to the committee, a position I held for two years before being named chairman. In the six years that the committee has been functioning interest by keepers in fund- ing has increased and non-zoo personnel are taking note of the avenues opened by working with keepers and the exotic species, many of which are difficult to study, for whom they care. Keepers provide hugh vaults of inside information and I always encourage and sometimes insist, that keep- ers maintain good records of their animal’s behavior. In 1983 I found my way back to the National Zoo working as a keeper in the Department of Zoological Research. This particular department houses many individuals of little known and little studied species and allows us an opportunity to learn about the basic husbandry and management techniques as well as the chance to collect data about the species’ life history. In 311 MEET THE AAZK BOARD OF DIRECTORS - Frank Kohn, Continued 1985 I was promoted to biological technician in the department, a position which includes animal keeping, record keeping, coordination of basic data collection, animal shipments and other procedures associated with develop- ing and maintaining a working and productive animal collection. The posi- tion allows me close contact with many visiting and resident researchers at the zoo creating a teaching zoo atmosphere. When I am not involved in zoo or AAZK related activities, 1 spend a part of my time playing defenseman in a local ice hockey league. Zookeepers have rapidly become recognized as the major link between public and animal. The keeper is a trained observer and assumes a role in animal care which spans a variety of disciplines and skills. We are finally re- ceiving credit for the tremendous responsibility we have accepted. AAZK has contributed vastly to this boost in public recognition. Keepers must maintain this impetus by working side-by-side with their curator and aca- demic counterparts in the study of zoo animals and the dissemination of this information since it is the keeper who is most familiar with an ani- mal's behavior. The captivity of exotic animals must be justified through scientific study resulting in a universal increase in management and hus- bandry techniques available to everyone. In addition to his work with the AAZK Research/Grants Committee, Frank is currently serving as Vice President of the AAZK Board of Directors. He is also the AAZK liasion to ZOO BIOLOGY as well as serving as a consult- ing editor. V^ank M-itk a numbeA 6pe.cA,e^ In fuA poi>AXion cu> B.lo- log^caZ Technician at the National loo' 6 Vepa/itment o^ Roj^eaAch. He Aj> pictuAed hen.e Mlih a pygmy hedgehog tenn.ee. 312 OBSERVATIONAL DETERMINATION OF ESTRUS IN CAPTIVE AMERICAN BLACK BEARS {Umu amexlcaLLS ) By Voug CcumZckaeZ, CuacUo/l MayiiclpaZ Black Bccul Hab^utcut GattinbaAg , TN ABSTRACT Anecdotal data based on observations of three male and three female cap- tive American black bears over a six-year period are presented as a schedule of occurrence of behaviors in relation to the time of first copu- lation. Changes in food consumption, scat production and female aggres- sion are suggested as effective indicators of impending estrus. Infor- mation on estradiol assays in blood serum and saliva for determination of estrus, estrus in lactating females and the possibility of a second heat period is also discussed. INTRODUCTION In most zoos, determination of when a female black bear is likely to allow a male to mount is not of critical importance: the animals are allowed to mate without assistance or intervention by keepers. Yet, knowledge of the timing of estrus can be valuable in certain situations. The curtailment of breeding programs in many zoos presents such a situ- ation. Knowledge of when a first successful mounting attempt is likely to occur facilitates timely separation of sows and boars as an alterna- tive to pharmacological or surgical methods of birth control. Similarly, such knowledge could be useful when a specific mate is preferred for a sow, when sows and boars are kept separated prior to mating to enhance sexual interest or because of excessive aggression, when sows are left with yearlings until immediately before mating, or when artificial in- semination is desired. The youngest black bear in which estrus was observed was a 2^ year old (Hamilton, 1978); 3-5 years is more common (Pelton, 1982). Black bears show a seasonally constant estrus and allow first mountings between mid- June and mid-July, although estrus has been reported as early as late May (Pelton, 1982) and as late as mid-September (Eiler, 1981). Wimsatt (1963) reported that black bears are probably induced ovulators, thus they remain in estrus until bred or until the ovarian follicles de- generate (Pelton, 1982). Estrous periods as short as two days were re- corded by the author and Eiler (1981) reports 16 days as a maximum dura- tion. Researchers of wild black bears have focused on invasive, physiologically- based methods of estrus determination and have commonly defined estrus as coincident with prominent vulval swelling. Eiler (1981) recorded vaginal pH and electrical resistance of wild sows and found no significant variations between those with and without vulval swelling. He did conclude that the presence of cornified epithelial cells in vaginal smears were an effective indicator of estrus. Wathen (1983), with a larger sample size, contradicted that conclusion. 313 OBSERVATIONAL DETERMINATION OF ESTRUS IN AMERICAN BLACK BEARS, Cant’d Instead, Wathen found estradiol 17-B concentrations' in blood serum to be a significant indicator of estrus. Sows with prominent vulval swelling averaged 92.3 pg estradiol 17-B per ml serum; those without averaged 51.3 pg/ml (N=37). Wathen cautioned, however, that variation in baseline es- tradiol levels among individuals may be high. Pozzanghera (personal communication) supported Wathen 's findings and found saliva to be satisfactory for estradiol assays (Pozzanghera et al., 1986). Urecholine (5 mg/ml) in 0.5 ml subcutaneous injections 15 minutes apart was 86.7% effective in inducing salivation sufficient for sample collection within 30 minutes. Cole (personal communication) states that urine may be assayed for estradiol metabolites. Non- invasive , observational determination of estrus in not well document- ed. Henry and Herrero (1974) briefly describe play behavior between re- ceptive females and males. Ludlow (1974) states simply that "the male and female show little courtship behavior prior to copulation." METHODS AND MATERIALS Data were recorded in anecdotal form on observations of three male and three female American black bears at Gatlinburg's Municipal Black Bear Habitat from 1981 to 1986. Results were organized as a schedule of oc- curence of behaviors in relation to the time of first mounting (not vulval swelling) . Not all animals showed all behaviors every year, thus the results repre- sent the behavior of an "ideal animal" and certainly are not applicable to all black bears in all settings. Reference should be made to Table 1 during the following description. RESULTS Earliest indications of impending estrus occur 2-3 weeks before the first mounting and include reduction in food consumption by males and females; smaller, more numerous scats dropped by females and increasing interest by the males in females* scats, urine and smells left in dens and on walls. One to two weeks prior to first mounting, females* scats have returned to normal size and number, food consumption continues to decline and male interest continues to increase. Males exhibit mark-tree behavior (Burst, 1978), rubbing their backs against walls or trees, reaching behind their heads with the forepaws and scratching the vertical surface and urinating. Females rub the tops of their heads on stumps, rocks, logs, furniture, walls or doors, and show the first signs of decreasing aggression toward males, allowing them to approach closely. During this period, however, no contact is allowed by the female and such episodes are terminated by the female running away or becoming normally aggressive to the male. Also during this period, management of the animals becomes increasingly diffi- cult, possibly due to their steadily decreasing appetites. Both sows and boars become difficult to trap in dens or holding areas and pacing by boars increases markedly. Three days to one week before the first mounting, food intake drops fur- ther, mark-tree and head scratching behavior continues and male Interest and management difficulties increase. Vulval swelling and discharge may be seen but it not obvious in many sows. The female approaches the male 314 BEFJEE- FIRST- NQUMT-t TABLE 1 04- i— >- ^- >- ^ ’=C cc: n= - 1— >< ^ _J o Q- O O f- I — >- I — >- - 4- HH ^ Q I I— < CD D> 'bOf ’^’Saof^QOf^ Of <- 4- 4- o I > oc 2: *x> DC CD CD < Of s: CD LU CD CD ' C Lj_ 4- CD I— I > CD _J I— I CO Of CO LU DC DC O q; I > LU «=c I— q; 2: ^ C LU ' s: cQ 2: o s: CD LU CD CJD 1— I C Lj_ ^ Li_ S3 *0 ^ Of DC 00 LU =) _J O _J DC C DC CD O DC CD CD e, mploymo-nt oppoxtayuXtQ>s oaq, a6ke.d to -6end peAttmnt data by tho, 1 5tk Of) mch month to: OppoAtuntty Knocfu/AKf, 635 Gaga Blvd. , Topaka, KS 66606, Vlaa^a tnalada dlo^tng data^ io^ poJbA^- ttovUi avatlabta. TheAa ti) no aha/iga io^ thJj> 62Avtca and phona-tn lift- ing 0^ po^dXtoYUi iA)klc.h bacoma avatlabla cZo^a to daadtlna oAa aacaptad. CURATOR/ KEEPER. , .requires experience with reptile and amphibian husbandry and breeding. Applicant will be responsible for all aspects of care for the collection of snakes, lizards, tortoises and crocodilians as well as some work with other livestock, including farm animals and raptors. Duties include record keeping, maintaining food supplies, cage display design, cage cleaning, attending medical needs of collection, setting up breeding program, and super- vising 1-5 keepers depending on season. An interest and ability in contacting the public is important. Starting salary $15,000 with health insurance paid. Starting date 2/1/87. Send resume and references to: Joe Maierhauser, Black Hills Reptile Gardens, Inc., Box 620, Rapid City, SD 57709. SR, KEEPER/REPTILES. .. immediate full-time opening with responsibilities for animal care, exhibit construction and maintenance. Competitive applicants will have at least five years' institutional experience with rep- tiles and amphibians, including poisonous reptiles, as well as education applicable to the field. Please re- spond ASAP with resume and references no later than 25 October to: Human Resources, San Diego Zoo, P.O. Box 551, San Diego, CA 92112-0551. EOE. CORRECTION CORRECTION CORRECTION CORRECTION The editorial staff of AKF extends its sincere apoligies Elayne Barclay of Washington Park Zoo for misidentifying her cover art which appeared on the August 1986 cover. While Elayne had properly iden- tified her drawing as Japanese Cranes when it was submitted, the natural history legend accompaning the art in the August issue identified them as Sarus Cranes. We heard from several members concerning our mistake and thank them for taking the time to keep us honest! The August cover was indeed GAa2> japonan^ti also known as Japanese, Manchurian or Red-Crowned Crane. Known as "Tancho" in the Orient, they have been designated as a "Special Natural Monument" and are considered symbols of good luck, fidel- ity and longevity. The pair was drawn engaged in a behavior called the 'unison call'. Cranes can be sexed by their attitude during the unison call and the cover shows the male on the left and the female on the right. Males give one call note to every two given by the female and the males hold their wings slightly off their backs as they call. These birds occur in Japan, Korea and Mainland China and are an endangered species due to habitat destruction for agricultural development. Our thanks to Kerry Hoffman, AAZK Board Member and former Head Aviculturist at the Interna- tional Crane Foundation for alerting us to our error and for providing us with the aforementioned interesting facts. ^ & O P P 0 r t u n 1 t y k n o c k s CORRECTION to artist/keeper 320 AAZK MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION Name Check here if renewal [ ] Address ^$25.00 Professional $20.00 Affiliate full-time. ke.e,peA^ Otke/i and volunte.eA^ $25.00 International $15.00 Associate Att mejmbe/Li OLuti)tde, the IndtvtdiiaJii, not conne-cted U.5. and Canada Mitk an antmal aaJie, laaltuty $15.00 Library $50.00 Contributing Ltbm/iy .i>u.bi>(ifLiption only 0n.gayiization6 and IndivtdaaZi, Directory Information; zoo Work Area Special Interests Mail this application and check or money order (U.S. CURRENCY ONLY PLEASE), payable to American Association of Zoo Keepers, Inc., to: AAZK National Headquarters, Topeka Zoo, 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606. Membership includes a subscription to AntmaZ Ke.e.peAZ>' foHnm. The member- ship card is good for free admission to many zoos and aquariums in the U.S. and Canada. INFORMATION FOR CONTRIBUTORS Animal KeepeAi ' foAnm publishes original papers and news items of inter- est to the Animal Keeping profession. Non-members are welcome to submit articles for consideration. Articles should be typed or hand-printed. All illustrations, graphs and tables should be clearly marked, in final form, and should fit in a page size no more than 6" x 10" (15cm x 25iicm) . Literature used should be cited in the text and in final bibliography. Avoid footnotes. Include scientific names. Black and white photos only accepted. Articles sent to Animal Ke.e.peAA' fo^uim will be reviewed for publication. No commitment is made to the author, but an effort will be made to pub- lish articles as soon as possible. Those longer than three pages may be separated into monthly installments at the discretion of the editorial staff. The editors reserve the right to edit material without consulta- tion unless approval is requested in writing by the author. Materials submitted will not be returned unless accompanied by a stamped, self- addressed envelope. Telephone contributions on late-breaking news or last-minute insertions are accepted. However, phone-in contributions of long articles will not be accepted. The phone number is (913) 272-5821) DEADLINE FOR EACH EDITION 1$ THE 15TH OF THE PRECEDING MONTH AKtAjeleJ> pninte,d do not ne.ceJi6aAily A.e,ile.(it the. opinions oi) the. Animal K^epe/u’ fonim e-diXonlal ^tall OH. the. Amehixian AiihocJjxtton oi loo Ke.e,peA6. Items in this publication may be reprinted providing credit to this pub- lication is given. Reprints may be ordered from the editor. PRINTED IN U.S. A. C’ x €:;■ X 0/ H o^ HS,5 O rjLi O ^ C- (t) o (t ?r TTo Z ?> o® c/) « 0-0 a * ® Cn On So-to ScS ^ S! < n- i o^ 0) s» &< 9Q (t ►tj I: Cl« H o 'S , Animal Keepers' Forum edkated to Professional Animal Care ANIMAL KEEPERS' FORUM, 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606. Executive Editor: Alice Miser NOVEMBER 1986 Managing Editor: Susan Chan VOLUME THIRTEEN Associate Editor: Ron Ringer NUMBER ELEVEN kviuwJi fo^Uun (ISSN 0164-9531) is a monthly journal of the American Association of Zoo Keepers, Inc., 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606. Five dollars of each membership fee goes toward the annual pub- lication costs of AyiimCit ' Fo-Uun. Second Class postage paid at Topeka, KS. Postmaster; Please send address changes to: AMERICAN ASSOCIATION Of ZOO KEEPERS, INC, NATIONAL HEAVQUARTERS, 635 GAGE BLVV,, TOPEKA, KS 66606 BoAbcuia MaiupmkeA., AdmlvuJ>t/uxTA,\}(L Sud^eXoJLy BOARD OF DIRECTORS Jean Hromadka, San Diego Wild Animal Park Pn.eJ>Td2nt Escondido, CA 92025 Frank B. Kohn, National Zoological Park 1/x.CC PH.2MTd(LYlt Washington, DC 20008 Oliver Claffey, Metro Toronto Zoo, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Susan M. Barnard, Zoo Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30315 Kerry Hoffman, Arizona- Sonora Desert Museum, Tucson, AZ 85743 COMMITTEE CHAIRPERSONS/PROJECT HEADS Coordinator for Chapter Affairs \}a.da¥it Awards Committee Rachel Rogz/u, UCam-i NeJyiozoo Book Review Coordinator Kathy SachojiAjjakuZ , Afz/ion Zoo Legislative Action Committee Becky Roge/u>, Topeka Zoo International Affairs Co-Coordinators and Pam MeVoagaZt, Catga/iy Zoo {Mez>t) Staff Exchange Eland/ia Am, Woodland Pa/ik Zoo Program Library Vacant Exhibit Design Form Vtane fontyth, Akfion Zoo Keeper Accommodations List OtlveA Claiiey, Netxo Toronto Zoo Keeper Training Videotapes Wayne Buchanan, Uoodtana PeUik Zoo Continuing Keeper Education Pat Sammeuteo, Lincoln Pajik Zoo Research/Grants Committee F/LO-nfe KohnjKact Thompson, NZP Public Education Committee Jay Ja6an, Staten Inland Zoo AAZK History Committee A^ Good/itch, San Vtego Zoo - MeZba ShteldU, Nattonal Zoo [eoost] Animal Data Transfer Forms BeJinte feldman, BuA.net PoJik Zoo Membership Directory Pat SammoA-co, Ltncoln Pojda. Zoo Diet Notebook Bntvxt SpenceA, Ikhin, Zool, Ga/idenA Biological Values/Gestation LoAAy BAotna/id, San fAanct6co Zoo Library Resources Kact Thompson, NZP Keeper Training Materials Identification Infant Development Notebook RozhmoAy JoLlnk, Mountatn Zoo Steven Wtng, klTwaukee Zoo Reference Search Nominations & Elections Ltz McLaaghItn, RogeA Wtlltam^ Peutk Janet McCoy, Washington PoAk Zoo Zoo, Jenny Rent^Aooo, Ma6on, MI CO-DIRECTORS REGIONAL COORDINATORS States East of the Mississippi - Vtane Kauq, Whtte Oak Ptantatton, VuZee, FL States West of the Mississippi - VebbeAa StecheA, Woodtand PoAk Zoo, Seattte, Indtvtduat Regtonat CooAdtnatoA6 and the ZitateA undeA theJA oveAstght oAe ta>ted etiewheAe tn each tS6ue oi AntmaZ KeepeAS' foAum. Tlvu month' 6 coveA ^£,atuAeA a RhtnoceAo^ Iguana (Ci/cIuAa co Anuta) d/iawn by Gwii CAe^ujell^ a ke.epe/L at Tope.ka Zoologtcal Pcutk. GwH woaIu Mtth ele,phanZA and pfujnaZo^. The. AfUnoceA04 Iguana has thAe.e. hoAny pAotubeA- anceA on the. tip o^ the. snout; In the. iematz these. oAe. AotheA Inconspicu- ous. Jt Lives In HalU^ In veAy dAy countAy iclth thoAn bushes and thick- ets oi cactus. PAlmaAlly a vcgetaAtan^ this species wilt stilt take ani- mat iood when the oppoAtunIty pAesents Itseti. Thanks, Geo^l Scoops and Scuttlebutt CONFERENCE '86 - A JOB WELL DONE Congratulations and a big thank you to all the members of the Assiniboine Park Zookeepers Association for putting together a most enjoyable and in- formative 12th National AAZK Conference. A total of 131 delegates from 50 animal care facilities attended the conference to share the benefits of paper sessions* workshops, field trips and were treated to a large dose of wonderful Canadian hospitality. From the opening session to the closing banquet and auction, delegates were enveloped in the spirit of camaraderie and sharing which makes every national conference both inspir- ing and intellectually stimulating. Special thanks to Conference '86 Co-chairmen Bob Debets, Mark de Denus and Tim Kelly for making it all come together. AAZPA NORTHEAST REGIONAL ISSUES CALL FOR PAPERS The Burnet Park Zoo, Syracuse, NY will be hosting the 1987 Northeast Re- gional Conference of the AAZPA from 15-17 March. The conference will feature papers dealing with the following topics: Field Research and Con- servation Strategies; Animal Training for Demonstrations; Animal, Plant and Exhibit Management; Exhibit Design and Construction; and Conservation Education. A poster session will also be included in the program. Please submit a one-half page abstract by 1 January 1987 to: Program Committee, AAZPA N.E. Regional Conference, 500 Burnet Park Drive, Syracuse, NY 13204. Contact Curator of Education, Jim Aiello, at (315) 478-8511 if you need further information. NEW CHAIRPERSON NAMED FOR DIET NOTEBOOK PROJECT Brint Spencer, Minnesota Zoological Gardens, has been named the new chair- person of the AAZK Diet Notebook Project. Brint replaces Brett Bannor, Miami Metrozoo, who has handled the project for the past year. All diet information should be sent to the various Collection Centers as soon as possible so that the completed forms can be received by Kerry Hoffman at the Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum, Tucson, AZ by 1 March. If you need diet data forms or are unsure of which center you should submit informa- tion to, contact Brint, This project can only be successful if every member contributes so plan to send in your forms NOW. Hopefully, an initial printing of this diet information will be available by the summer of 1987. 321 SCOOPS AND SCUTTLEBUTT, ConUmie,d AKF NEEDS YOUR ARTICLES AND ARTWORK This past year response by the membership in submitting material for publication in AKF has been great, but we know there are many more of you out there who have important information to share with your colleagues. Why not make 1987 the year you will finally write that article you’ve been thinking about? The editorial staff is interested in articles on all phases of animal husbandry, research, etc. We would particularly like to hear from those of you involved with the care of hoofstock, pri- mates, marine mammals and invertebrates. If your talents run to the artistic vein, consider submitting cover art for AKF . Pen and ink sketches reproduce best, but other mediums including pencil and charcoal are accept- able as well. AKF is YOUR journal, so plan to contribute soon. 20§20§20§20§20§20§20§20§20§20§20§20§20§20§20§20§20§20§20§20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ AAZK'S 20th ANNIVERSARY "FOUNDER'S WEEKEND" May 5.6 & 7. 1987 in San Diego. CA - the place where AAZK started! We are having a SPECIAL 20th Anniversary Logo con- test. All members of AAZK are eligible. There will be prizes for the top three entries. Logo Contest Rules; Must contain "1967-1987" or 20th Anniversary somewhere in the design. The rest is up to you. Entry Deadline; 15 January 1987 Send all entries to; AAZK HISTORY COMMITTEE c/o Art Goodrich San Diego Zoo. Box 551 SAN DIEGO. CA 92122 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§20§20§20§20§20§20§20§20§20§20§20§20§20§20§20§20§20§20§20§ 322 Births|^ Hatchings On 21 May, 1986, a female Snow Leopard cub was bofn at Metro Toronto Zoo. The mother is "Anshi" (studbook //Milwaukee 9) and the father "Gregor" (Toronto 1). This is our first surviving cub of the species and the first from "Gregor", who is a wild-caught Russian male. Although he sired a previous litter of three with another female, none survived more than one month. The cub, "Sabu", was born after a gestation of 98 to 105 days, calculated from first and last observations of breeding. There was no evidence of any other cubs having been born. "Anshi" has proven an excellent mother, as she was for an earlier litter she produced in Pittsburgh. A straw-filled wooden box was provided for "Anshi" in her den. The cub did not emerge from the den for five weeks. "Gregor" has been kept separate from "Anshi" and "Sabu" since just prior to the birth. They are allowed contact through a steel mesh gate; and "Gregor’s" behavior towards "Sabu" is always gentle and well-behaved. • — SabmXXtQ.d by ZtchoAd Johyu>ton2, S LZnda EAuiiie, KdQjpoJUi in tko, Eu/uuiM, 62.cXix)n cut the, Ueut/io Ton.ovito loo, Tofiovito, Canada. As a brand new AAZK Chapter, the Flint Hills AAZK Chapter, affiliated with the Sunset Zoological Park, Manhattan, KS, is proud to announce the many successes for the first three quarters of 1986. Through the months of January, February and March, our artificial incubation unit hatched out fourteen eggs of which only eight survived due to unknown causes. Next season we hope to prevent some of these causes and have a better hatch r^ate. On 14 March, a pair (1.1) of endangered Cotton-topped tamarins were bom. A first time birth of 0.1 Black and white colobus also occur- ed that month. Other first timers included 1.2 Four -horned sheep, the laying of, but yet unhatched, 10 Spectacled caimen eggs, and the birth of 0.2 Ring-tailed lemurs; however, the lemurs did not survive. Other significant births for our facility include 0.2 Big horn sheep and the minor breed pygmy goats of 0.3. On 20 May, 1.2 Bobcats were born and were left to be raised by the mother. After three weeks, due to unexpected complications, and the death of one cub, the other two were pulled for hand-rearing. Suprisingly our female recycled and on 18 August gave birth to another male, now being mother- reared. Our highlight since the beginning of the year was another success in the primate department. After three and a half months of continuous 24-hour observations from staff and volunteers, a four-pound male chimp- anzee was born. On 23 July, at 12:28 p.m., a battle had been won but another was to begin. "Rachel" (the mother) had had no mother-infant experience, so her maternal instincts were questioned. After she had failed to remove the placental membrane, the decision was made to pull the infant, if and only if we could give "Rachel" another chance. Ap- proximately 24 hours later, after the baby had been stabilized, we did just that. "E.J." (the baby) was reintroduced to his mother and the rest is history. "Rachel" surprised us all by being an excellent mother and gives hope to the declining members of breeding chimps in captivity today. — SabmiXt2.d by Katz SzcUnghaiu, MembeA ftlnt HiZts AAZK Chapter, Man- hattan., KS. Since our last reporting we've had a few "firsts" here at the Jacksonville Zoo. We hatched out two Eclectus parrots, which are both being hand- reared, and 25 Eyelash vipers. We had a first birth for one of our hand- reared Spider monkeys, who is taking care of her daughter like a seasoned pro. A female White rhino was born in September and became a second 323 BIRTHS AND HATCHINGS, ConUnu^d generation birth. We did unfortunately lose her to salmonella 11 days later. And our last First came in the way of twin Kudos, a male and fe- male. The male is doing fine but we lost the female at birth. Sub- miXtud by Ayino. E. Mammal Ke.e,peA 11, Jacfi6onvHle. Zoo, floAXda, Randy Walsh of Zoo Atlanta reports the hatching of 0.0.3 Gila monster at his facility. Significant Animal Births taken from THE KEEPER, the newsletter of the San Diego Chapter of AAZK - Lead Keeper Lance Aubery of the San Diego Wild Animal Park reports that 30 June marked the arrival of yet another Przewalski's horse {EquuA p. pazewol^llli} at the Park. His name is •'Vargos'', and his father and mother are "Vulkan” and "Vata" respectively. "Vargos" is the 40th Mongolian wild horse born at WAP and is genetically valuable to their breeding program since his mother "Vata" was received at WAP from the U.S.S.R. in August 1982. Also on 6 July the WAP’s 65th southern white rhino [C(lhjOiZoth(ViMm -6. ^Imum] , a healthy male was born to "Nathombi", a wild-caught female received at the Park in 1972. She has produced eight calves and is approximately 20 years old. These three- ton herbivores are actually grey-brown in color, but received the name "white rhino" from the Afrikaans or Boer word "wijde" meaning "wide", referring to their mouths. & Coming Events THE SECOND INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BREEDING BIRDS IN CAPTIVITY Feb. 11-15, 1987 Universal City, CA Honoring Jean Delacour, the symposium will be hosted by the International Foundation for the Conservation of Birds. To be held at the Sheraton Premier, Universal City, CA. For further information contact: I.F.C.B., 11300 Weddington St., North Hollywood, CA 91601 (818) 980-9818. SIXTH ANNUAL NATIONAL WILDLIFE REHABILITATORS ASSOCIATION SYMPOSIUM March 18-22, 1987 Clearwater Beach, FL Hosted by the Suncoast Seabird Sanctuary, the four-day symposium will feature qualified speakers, hands-on workshops (beginners & advanced), rehabilitation center field trips and an opportunity to exchange ideas and acquire valuable contacts. Topics of interest include: wildlife medicine, postmortem exams, banding, ageing and sexing, cage design, ad- ministration and fund-raising. For more information contact: Symposium Information, Suncoast Seabird Sanctuary, 18328 Gulf Blvd., Indian Shores, FL 33535 (813) 391-6211 ATTN: Barb Suto. AAZPZ NORTHEASTERN REGIONAL CONFERENCE March 15-17, 1987 Liverpool, NY For more information, contact: James Aiello, Curator Education/Docent Chairman, Burnet Park Zoo, Box 146, Liverpool, NY 13088 (315) 425-3775. Quality exotic animal diets Fixed formulation Nutritionally balanced Economical Frozen feline diets Frozen bird of prey diets Frozen canine diet Chunk and chopped horsemeat, hearts, livers, rib, shank, and knuckle bones Zu/fYeem Feline canned Primate canned Marmoset canned Omnivore dry Primate dry Banana flavored primate, 15% protein Banana flavored primate Pro-Plus, 25% SPECTRUM protein Omnivore dry Polar Bear dry Ratite dry Hoofstock supplement, with Selenium When you need a complete line of high-quality dry, canned, and frozen animal diets for your feeding program, call Animal Spectrum today. WE CALL DO^ It ALL. TOLL FREE In Nebraska, call collect 402/488-6492. Animal SPECTRUM Inc. Box 6307 Lincoln, NE 68506-0307 KEEPING THE CONFERENCE 'HIGH' By Ju-dlo, StembeAg, Ke,e,peA {jJoodtmd Vcuik looloqlcat GoAdniU SojitXJid, WA For those of you who weren't able to attend the AAZK conference in Winnipeg this year, the following might help explain the behavior of your co-workers who did attend. The camaraderie, pride of profession, peer appreciation of your efforts, sense of renewed commitment toward animal keeping, the sharing of know- ledge and techniques are what the conference is all about. Being able to make contact with Keepers who are taking care of the same species is of immeasurable value in the sharing of management information. — to advance theories and confirm ideas — to hear of new techniques — to learn of new and additional biological values — to share success as well as mistakes and remedies — to hear about and appreciate the management needs of other species — to realize the international aspect of animal keeping For those of you who did attend the conference: Have you passed information from the conference on to your co-workers and administrative staff through a meeting or brown bag rap session? Have you posted and/or circulated the conference program so others can see which papers were given? Have you posted and/or circulated the guide sheets used in the infor- mation exchange? And, have you also shared the comments from your discussion group? Have you sent information to Keepers from other zoos that was asked for at the Conference (animal or Association related)? Have you started doing the work you committed to at the conference? Have you sent the information to AKF that was either asked of you or offered by you during the conference? Have you thanked your co-workers and management for any support they gave you to be able to attend the conference? Now, that might sound like a lot of work, and depressing instead of up- lifting, but ..... think back to Winnipeg. To the camaraderie and sense of purpose, and SHARE IT! 326 AAZK INFANT DEVELOPMENT NOTEBOOK UPDATE By Ste,vm M. W^ng Pn.oje.cX C,oon.dlnaXon. flLtiA)auke.e. CoavXy loo, fHIwaukee., WI The AAZK Infant Development Notebook (IDN) is once again reborn. After an absence of a couple of years, the project has found a new life. The goal of the notebook has remained the same - to collect data on parent- reared animals. This data is to be distributed in a loose-leaf notebook format, capable of periodic updating. The information in the notebook would be useful to someone hand-raising the same species, and to someone who wants to see if a parent-reared infant is progressing normally. An introduction to the IDN first appeared in the January 1981 issue of the Forum and listed Marcia Clevenger, Oklahoma City Zoo, as the coordina tor. Steve Taylor, Louisville Zoo, took over the project in October 1982 Currently Steven Wing, Milwaukee County Zoo, is the project coordinator. The notebook will have a different look than at its beginning. New, more extensive forms have been written with the help of Kaci Thompson, Nat- ional Zoo, and a talented group at the national conference in Winnipeg this past October. The new forms are in the process of being typed up and should be available soon. Check future issues of the Forum for in- formation or contact me now and I can put you on the mailing list. Cop- ies of the new forms will be mailed directly to all active AAZK Chapters. There is something you can do now to help. Because of past confusion with the AAZPA Infant Diet Notebook and the AAZK Diet Notebook projects, we are seeking to change our title. Following is a list of suggested titles. Take a minute to go over them, mark which ones you like best or make your own suggestions. Then send them to me at the following address Steven M, Mtng, Ultwaakee County loo, 10001 W. Bluemound, Mttmukee, WI 53226. Thanks to Elandra Aum and Judie Steenberg, Woodland Park Zoo, for their suggestions. Parent-reared Infant Notebook Handbook of Parent-reared Infants Development of Parent-reared Infants Development of Neonates Notebook of Mother-reared Infants Handbook of Mother- raised Infants Other suggestions 327 MEET THE AAZK BOARD OF DIRECTORS - Kerry Hoffman [EcUXon.’^ Mote.: TfvU thz ^tna£ tyutatlment tn a {^tv2.-pcuit 6eAA.e^ tn- tA.oductng the. mewbeA^ktp to the tncUvtdaaL6 tA)ho make up the AAZK Boa/id oi Vtn.eeton^, These ?KoieJ>^tonal Keepeu volanteen. theOi time and thoJji talents to keeptng the A6.6oetatton Aanntng smoothly, making the deelstons ukteh a{^{^e(it: AAZK' 6 iatiuie and promoting p^o^es^stonattsm wltkln the cxuieen. oi zoo keeping,} It was a Thursday afternoon in October, 1973, when the desire to work in a zoo finally overcame me. I had been thinking about zoo work for sever- al months but this particular day I was moved to act. I called the fore- man at St. Paul's Como Zoo about 2:00 p.m. "Hello," I said. "My name is Kerry Hoffman and I qualify for the work/ study program here at the University of Minnesota and I would like to work at the zoo. What do I need to do to arrange that?" "Can you start on Monday?" inquired a man I had never met. "Well, I... yes, I can, " I stammered. We arranged a time for me to start and what kind of clothes I should wear and as simply as that my life was changed . I was lucky to have started in a small zoo. I received experience with a variety of animals as I worked all the different routines, but I soon found that I had a special talent with birds. I was also lucky to have met Rick and Judy Steenberg while at Como Zoo. They introduced me to an organization 'dedicated to professional animal care' and I joined AAZK immediately. I stayed at Como Zoo until I graduated from the University of Minnesota with a B.S. in Animal Science. My interest in birds helped me secure a job in the bird department at the Cincinnati Zoo and I started my first AAZK Chapter. It was a very posi- tive experience that included keepers from Cincinnati Zoo and King's Island Wild Animal Safari. I served as president of the chapter and brief- ly held the R.C. post for that part of the country. It was also at Cin- cinnati that I first met a young woman - the first female keeper in the African Veldt area - named Jean Hromadka who has since moved on to big- ger and better things. From Cincinnati I accepted a position as aviculturist at the International Crane Foundation where I received an in-depth education in international conservation, dealing with scientists and aviculturists from Germany, England, Japan, Korea, the Soviet Union, and Mainland China. During my tenure at ICF I was featured on the front page of the New York Times and appeared in the BBC/NOVA documentary "Flight From Extinction" teach- ing artificial insemination to visiting Soviet scientists. I was also the winner of the Bronze AVY award from the American Federation of Avi- culture. Despite my deep respect for cranes and the International Crane Foundation, as well as a promotion to Head Aviculturist, I missed the variety of species found in most zoological collections and so moved to one of the best bird departments in the U.S. at the Houston Zoo. While at Houston Zoo I absorbed a lot of skills in the gentle art of aviculture through osmosis; just by being around those talented people. I also helped start the Houston Zoo AAZK Chapter and served as its first president. 328 MEET THE AAZK BOARD OF DIRECTORS - Kerry Hoffman, ConXA,mLe.d I now work at the Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum, nestled in the Tucson Mountains overlooking Avra Valley as it stretches south to Mexico, and I'm proud to serve as president of the Tucson Chapter of AAZK - a chapter I helped organize from keepers from ASDM and the Reid Park Zoo. Last year's calendar project helped establish the Tucson Chapter's credibility and probably played a part in our successful bid to host the 14th Nat- ional Conference of AAZK in September, 1988 in Tucson, I believe the local chapter is the backbone of AAZK. Through chapter projects and programs we demonstrate our commitment to professional ani- mal care. I have worked hard to promote a professional attitude among zoo keepers since I joined AAZK in 1973. I have redoubled my efforts since you, the membership of AAZK, have entrusted me with a seat on your Board of Directors. A4 pant o{, ht6 dwtio^ at the. A/itzona-SononR Ve^oAt MiUdum K2/in.y tAtmi, thz oveAgaom beak on a Mextcan pan/iotlet. i Information Please ! I Information is requested on Derbyan Parakeets ( ?6tttaCJuJia deAbtanaj . Any information on natural history, diets, breeding successes or breeding , problems would be appreciated. Of special interest is the occurence of visceral gout or renal disease associated with this species. Contact: Barbara Mcllraith or Janet Taylor at the San Diego Zoo, Bird Department, P.O. Box 551, San Diego, CA 92112. 329 IN MENQRIUM --Subm^otted bij Vznaga, KeepeA Topeka Zoological PoAk, Topeka, KS Gary Roth, former Keeper at the Oklahoma City Zoo, died of liver cancer on 4 October. Gary's warmth and enthusiasm will be sorely missed. Gary grew up in an agricultural background and had a varied work history. He served with honors in the U.S. Navy and had a B.A. in biology. He had previously been employed by the State of Nebraska Environmental Depart- ment, and the Nebraska Game and Park Commission. His entry into the zoo field is reflected upon by one of both his and my former co-workers and supervisors - Kim Meyer of Lincoln, NE. "He came to the zoo and asked for the manager - like all the rest. After talk- ing to David Ruhter about job opportunities, he came to the kitchen and asked me some questions - like all the rest. But somehow, unlike the rest, our answers didn't daunt him - he volunteered, between working another job and raising his family. He found time to help, and finally I could hire him part-time and he worked and questioned and observed. Although he had his degree he went back for an undeclared masters pro- gram so he could fill in the blanks he thought he had. He worked and studied and even saved me from an ardorous elk with only his ball cap in hand. His goal of being a full-time keeper materialized when he was hired in September 1984 at the Oklahoma City Zoo." While at the Oklahoma City Zoo Gary devoted many long, grueling hours to the study of echidnas and was rewarded with being the first to record breeding behavior in these shy mammals. The following statement was pro- vided by the Oklahoma City Zoo. It was with great sadness that the employees of the Oklahoma City Zoo learned of the recent death of former animal keeper Gary Roth of Milford, NE. Gary had worked at our zoo for two years until leaving this summer due to illness. He lent valuable insight and service in both the iso- lation/quarantine and the bird area, as well as in his own particular field of interest. Before leaving Oklahoma City in July, he worked tire- lessly on his research topic concerning echidna behavior, writing a paper and producing a videotape for presentation at the AAZPA Central Regional Conference in Texas in May 1986. Gary's enthusiasm and zeal as an ani- mal keeper is missed, as well as his presence. As we remember Gary we can try to continue his ideals in our own care of the animals he so enjoyed and aspire to be as dedicated and caring as he was. Gary is survived by his wife, Deborah; his son, Jeffrey; and his two daughters, Julia and Jennifer. Condolences may be sent to Mrs. Gary Roth, Box 1 - Rt. 2, Milford, NE 68405. 330 YOU'RE IWITEP TO l/ISIT. . . . A NEW BREED OF ZOO IN CENTRAL NEW YORK By JeAAy Cla/ik, Kee-pe/i BuAneX VoAk Zoo Symaiun, NV Originally built in 1914* the Burnet Park Zoo* in six decades, had become a tumbled-down embarassment to the citizens of Syracuse, NY. Staffers, who were attracted to the line of work by a concern for animals, exper- ienced exasperation over poor funding and deplorable working conditions. Animal welfare suffered. In 1978, Dave Raboy arrived as Zoo Director, Shortly thereafter, owner- ship of the Zoo changed hands from the City of Syracuse to the County of Onondaga. A liasion was established between Raboy and now-retired parks commissioner, Jim Johst. Media support appeared. Community backing be- came evident and some ten million dollars was approved initially for the complete renovation of the facility. The vermin infested buildings, deem- ed unworthy to salvage, were bulldozed. Approximately one-third of the staff of fifteen were laid off; others found temporary roles as naturalists and educators throughout the County Parks System. Still others set to work on the development of species management plans and exhibit design for the new zoo. Keeper involvement in all phases of planning, design and actual exhibit construction was maximized throughout the project. The job was completed on time and within budgetary guidelines. On 2 August, 1986, the doors flung open on "A New Breed of Zoo" for the Central New York area. Opening day crowds were maintained at manageable levels by pre-sale ticket arrangement. This policy kept stress levels on the staff and their charges to a minimum. The actual arrangement of the zoo is by thematic areas, each of which tells a self-contained story of zoological interest and importance. We at Burnet Park are quite proud of our roles in this achievement. We do, however, recognize the opening day excitment as a mere starting point. Some exhibits will require modification as management needs demand. Breeding programs will gain greater emphasis. Public interest and in- volvement must be maintained. We invite our colleagues to visit and enjoy a behind-the-scenes look at the newest zoo in the nation. If you would contact us in advance, we will gladly assist you with arrangements and will endeavor to show you every possible professional courtesy. * 331 Chapter METRO BOSTON ZOOS AAZK CHAPTER Our first year as a Chapter has been a very successful one. We had monthly speakers on topics such as aquaculture, butterfly exhibits and endangered animals in Massachussetts; ran a profit- able Christmas bake sale; spon- sored a Fleece Festival with demonstrations by a shearer, carder, spinner and knitter. Money making projects included a raffle of a sweater. Keeper for a Day Raffle, the sale of T-shirts and a bake sale. Un- fortunately the combination of bad weather and a Celtics play- off game prevented us from hav- ing a good turnout. We have also initiated a monthly keeper news- letter and designated the addax as our Chapter logo. Officers elected for the coming year are: President Lary Pistrang Vice Pres Tom Averse Secretary Christine Van Gemert Treasurer Linda Napolitano — ChJvutlnd UanGmeAX, Se.c' i/ TULSA AAZK CHAPTER The recently reorganized Tulsa AAZK Chapter held election of its officers on 14 September 1986. Serving one year terms are the following : President Paul Louderback Vice Pres Steve Tigges Treasurer Karen Dunn Secretary Janice Johnson- Shores ZOO ATLANTA AAZK CHAPTER The Zoo Atlanta Chapter is sel- ling T-shirts with our three- year-old African elephant's foot- print on them. These colorful shirts are available for $8.00. Zoo Atlanta recently celebrated the 25th anniversary of "Willie B.", our male lowland gorilla. Commemorative T-shirts are avail- able for $5.00. Please send checks made payable to Zoo Atlanta AAZK Chapter to; AAZK Treasurer, 800 Cherokee Ave. S.E. , Atlanta, GA 30315. Zoo Atlanta is proud to announce that we have broken ground on the first phase of a $24 million renovation of our zoo. Watch for many exciting things to come from the world's next great zoo! -^Randy WaJUk News {EdUXo^'6 note: All ChaptoA^ cuie n.equei>ted to 6 end tketn. neiV-6 tn- eludtng newly oZecjted oUtee/n, pn-oject^, actlvAjtiei) etc. cUAect- ly to AKf fjOA publtcatton tn tht6 column. ] 332 INTO AFRICA BonyUe. C^omivelX, Petcctuma, CA KENYA, EAST AFRICA — There were 11 of us on the Park East Tour. Gary K. Clarke of the "World Famous Topeka Zoo", Topeka, KS., was our tour guide. We were also accompanied by Shabir and David, our drivers and bush guides. 11/25/85 Our first day in Kenya we went to see Giraffe Manor, just out- side of Nairobi. I met Daisy Rothchild, of "Raising Daisy Rothchild", and her beautiful 10-foot-tall baby who was born this summer. 11/26 We headed north out of Nairobi this morning. Saw a small mamba (3 ft.) crossing the road near the Tana River. The birds were incredible; bee eaters, hornbills, hammercop, lilac breasted rollers, maribou storks, tawney eagles, bateleur eagles, augur buzzard, ibis, and one of my favor- ites, the widowbird. I named our safari bus "The Widowbird Express". 11/27 Stopped at the William Holden Education Center and the Animal Or- phanage at the Mount Kenya Game Ranch. Both places were impressive. At the Orphanage I had the opportunity to pet a ground hornbill, a bush pig and a rare bongo. We also had the pleasure of meeting Don Hunt who start- ed the Mt. Kenya Game Ranch with Wm. Holden. At Meru National Park we had a close encounter of the worst kind with a cape buffalo. Shabir' s fancy driving got us out of that predicament. I was told that the drivers won't turn off the engine of their vehicle if there are cape buffalo around. I got the impression with the buffalo that they are born in a bad mood and as they get older their mood gets worse. While we were looking for the white rhinos we found a young male lion feeding on a Burchells zebra; we spotted a good sized leopard tortoise beating a hasty retreat up a dry river bed; watched a small herd of ger- enuk in the thorn scrub and then found the rhinos and their guards. We were able to get close enough to touch them - what wonderful beasts they were. 11/28 On to Samburu Game Reserve. Today we traveled through lush green forests, rolling grasslands, cultivated farmland, arid thorn scrub, and semi-desert. At Samburu I saw the most beautiful male reticulated giraffe. He was very dark in color and with the bright green forest all around him it was a spectacular sight. We passed several herds of Grevy's zebra with their beautiful pin striping. It was here that we saw our first hugh crocodile in the Uaso Nyiro River, right in back of the lodge. 11/29 The "road" from Samburu to Lake Baringo is approximately 310 kilo- meters. (I use the term "road" loosely — very loosely). Shabir handled the road extremely well, although I did commend him on his "flying skills" more than once when the road got extra rough. I think we spent as much time going up and down as we did going forward. One of the high points of our drive today was an unusual sight, a clash of cultures. We passed a Samburu warrior in full tribal dress, complete with spear and shield... he was riding a bicycle down the dirt road. Today we went over mountains, across plains, through semi-deserts and down the escarpment into the Great Rift Valley. It was HOT... so far the weather has been pleasant, in the 70s and 80s with it being slightly cooler in the mountains. But at the bottom of the Rift Valley it feels like no®. We are staying at Island Camp in the middle of Lake Baringo. All of our game runs were by boat, we went birding and watching hippos and crocs. I had dinner in the village with David and Shabir. The food was quite good . 333 INTO AFRICA, Contcnue-d 12/1 On our way back to Nairobi, we passed Lakes Elmenteita and Naivasha, the shores of which were solid pink with flamingos. By 2:30 p.m. we were back in Nairobi boarding a small plane for the trip to Masai Mara. It was a 40-minute flight. A slight rain was beginning to fall. One of the first things you were told was "be sure and zip up your tent or the baboons and mongoose will get into your stuff." In the Mara we had three game runs a day. We had coffee at 6 a.m.; a game run at 6:30 a.m.; back for breakfast at 9 a.m.; another game run at 10:15 a.m.; back for lunch at 1:00 p.m.; then out for the evening game run from 3:30-6:30 p.m. Dinner was at 8:00 p.m. and afterwards we would sit around the campfire until we were ready to sleep. During the three days in the Masai Mara we saw lots of game: elephant, giraffe with young, cape buffalo, lion, gazelle, topi with calves, impala, hippos and assorted other marvelous creatures. On the last day we saw a female cheetah bring down a Thomson's gazelle for her five-month-old cub. We also saw a female leopard. When we spotted her she was less than ten feet from our jeep. She seemed totally uncon- cerned with our presence. We were able to follow her for over an hour while she hunted in the rain. The following is an excerpt from my journal: 12/2/85 What a vacation! Last night I had an elephant outside my tent. He was so close that I could hear his breathing. I could even hear him pull up grass and chew it. A hippo was in the river right in front of my tent; two elephants charged our jeep before breakfast; during breakfast a baboon SWAM across the Mara River and I thought I was going to have to abondon my plate; we drove within two feet of lions; we drove right through the middle of a herd of mean-looking cape buffalo (did you ever see a cute-looking cape buffalo?); then our (new) driver Zebron decided to chase after a large monitor lizard... 30 mph through the bush, toward the river, (no road) with trees, rocks, bushes, stumps, holes, and termite mounds to avoid! 8:00 p.m. Now I'm safe in my tent relaxing . .HA! .. .The Masai guard just told me to "keep to my tent, the baboons across the river are barking in alarm, it could mean that a leopard is close by"... AND now I hear the familiar sound of the elephant chomping and tromping outside. . .again. Tonight he seems to have gas, I can hear his stomach rumbling. 12/3 Last night as I was getting into bed a cape buffalo ran by the tent and I later heard someone whisper to "be careful because the hippos had come into camp to graze around the tents."... 12/4 This is the day we headed back to civilization. We had a 40-minute flight here from Nairobi, our drive back was not as easy. It took almost eight hours. Part of the road was very bad. Several other vehicles had gotten stuck in the mud and looked like they would be there until the dry season. On the way back to Nairobi we saw large herds of zebra and gazelle, most of them were outside of the game park. There were also herds of cattle, sheep and goats being tended by very young boys, some of them seemed to be miles from any villages. My last night in Kenya was a special one. I was invited to Shabir's pre- wedding ceremony. It was so beautiful. All of the women dressed in bright colored clothing, some with golden thread woven through. And Shabir in the middle being fussed over and pampered by all those beauti- ful, mysterious women. 334 INTO AFRCIA , ContlvLu^d During those two weeks, Africa reached out and touched my heart. I want- ed to stay and be a part of it. I went to Africa for the animals and I grew to love the people as well. I may be out of Africa, but Africa will never be out of me. Keeper’s Alert [EdJXoA^^ note.: Andy Lodge, the. Columbus loo h(U notlile.d AKf that a A^/Uaan ^alaxl dutgne.d e.xcI.LL&tveJty ion. zooke.e.pe/a hcu be,m put togetheA ion, undeA illOO, Tfvu touA MdUt be. going places, ^e,etng and doing things not lneLude.d am the. nonmal touAjAt 6aianl, It mIU. depant 20 Pe.bnaaAy and aetuAn 4 MoAch 1986 » Li you Mould like. moAe Inionmatlon on thl6 touA^ contact Andy at (614) 889-9471 (uooAk) oA (614) 431-0486 (home)] 335 ELECTION '87 TIME IS RUNNING OUT to submit your nominations for the 1987 AAZK Board of Directors election! Three AAZK Board seats are up for election. New board members will serve from 1 January, 1988 through 31 December, 1991. If you have worked on a national committee, consider running for office. We need and want your ideas and experience! DUTIES OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS For a more detailed explanation of the expanded duties of the Board, refer to the Papers of Incorporation - available upon request from National. 1) Select, appoint or remove officers, committees, agents and employees of the Association, including - prescribing powers and duties. 2) To control and manage the Association and its property, passing upon acquisition and disbursements with approval of a majority of the Board. 3) To formulate policies, rules and regulations in accord with the Consti- tution and By-Laws. 4) To uphold the Constitution of AAZK and the policies of the Association. 5) To appear at Board meetings, to accept Board assignments and to devote the time to communications pertinent to all Board business, including answering correspondence promptly and efficiently. QUALIFICATIONS FOR NOMINATION 1) Nominee must be a Professional Member of AAZK and must have been a mem- ber of the Association for at least one year. 2) Nominee must be presently employed as an animal keeper/attendant by a recognized zoological institution or aquarium in the U.S. or Canada and must have been in the zoological field for at least two years. NOMINATION PROCEDURE 1) Nominator Form: a. List the name of the nominee, phone, address, and institution. b. State in 150 words or less the reason(s) why the nominee warrants election to the Board. c. Nominator signs forms and mails to NEC Chairman d. Notifies nominee that they nominated him/her for the Board. 2) Nominee Biographical Form: (nominee lists the following information) a) Professional background: places of employment, length of service, titles. b) Membership in AAZK: National and local chapters, number of years, offices held, involvement in activities. c) Educational background. d) Membership in Affiliate Organizations: (AAZPA, Audubon, etc.) e) Other information the nominee feels is pertinent. f) References: (one or two) g) Nominee signs forms and mails to NEC Chairman. NOTE: Candidate is ineligible for nomination if both the nominator and nominee biographical forms are not complete and received by the NEC Chairman by 31 January 1987. Forms are in this issue of the AKF or can be obtained from the NEC Chairman. Send completed forms to: JanoX. HcCoy, NEC CkcuAman, (jiJasfiXngton VoAk Zoo, 4001 5.W. Canyon RV,, PoUland, OR 9722U 336 ELECnON FORMS NOMINATOR FORM FOR AAZK BOARD OF DIRECTORS Qual if ications for Nomination: 1. Nominee must be a Professional Member of AAZK and must have been a member of the Association for at least one year. 2. Nominee must be presently employed as an animal keeper/attendant by a recognized zoological institution or aquarium in the U.S. or Canada and must have been in the zoological field for at least two years. 1. Name of Nominee Address: Phone: Institution: 2. State in 150 words or less the reason(s) why the nominee warrants election to the AAZK Board of Directors. 3. Signature of Nominator: 4. Form must be received by the NEC Chairman by 31 January 1987. Send to: JaneX f^cCoy, NEC Ckcujman, Wcuh-lngton Vank loo, 4001 S.W. Canyon Rd. , VonXland, OR 97221. mmUEE BIOGRAPHICAL FORM AAZK BOARD OF DIRECTORS 1 , Name Address Phone: PLEASE LIST THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION 2. Professional Background: (places of employment, length of service, titles) 3. Membership in AAZK: a) National: number of years Activities: b) Local Chapter(s): number of years, offices held, involvement in activities. 4. Educational Background: NOMINEE BIOGRAPHICAL FORM/AAZK BOARD OF DIRECTORS, ConUnuad j i 5. Memberships in Affiliate Organizations: (AAZPA, Audubon, etc.) 6. Other information the nominee feels to be pertinent: 7. References (one or two): give name, address, and phone number where they can be reached. 8. Nominee's Signature: 9. Form must be received by NEC Chairman by 31 January 1987. Send form to: JaneX McCo^, NEC CkcuAmm (jiJcu king ton Vcuik Zoo 4001 5.W. Canyon Rd. Portland, OR 97221 A NATIONAL ZOO IMPROVEMENT STRATEGY By Salty WalkeA, ChalApzMon loo OujOimch OAgavLtzatlon (2,0,0.) MysoAe, JncUa ! The American Association of Zoo Keepers has very generously agreed to "adopt" a few Indian zookeepers on ray recoraraendation so I thought it a wise idea to tell exactly what I’m up to here and how AAZK’s participa- tion can help. My association with India began nearly a decade ago when I came here to study yoga and Sanskrit which I did for some years. Although I have al- ways been mad about animals I never got involved with any zoos in America. Even here I lived in Mysore for six years and never once visited the Mysore Zoo. Frankly, I didn't like the idea of zoos but then I never knew anything about them either. One day I visited Mysore Zoo to see some tiger cubs which had been announc- ed to the press. A lady vet who I had met at a party took me to them and introduced me to the keepers. I went back the next day and the keeper, noting my friendship with the vet, came out of the cage where he was clean- ing and put a two-month-old tiger cub in my arms. I was completely, over- whelmingly, irrevocably hooked! I was in love, obcessed. I had to have more and more tiger cubs. So I wrote a behavioral research proposal to compare the behavior of tiger cubs in captivity when handled roughly (as by a zookeeper in India) and when handled lovingly (as by a besotted American lady with her first tiger cubs.) For some reason the Director of the Zoo agreed to allow me to do this pro- ject. It was, of course, only an excuse to handle the cubs. But I did it systematically, keeping detailed notes and not trying to influence the- keepers, etc. At the end of a year I had control over the cubs and the keeper did not. There were seven of them being kept together and they would all go mad when the keeper entered, but I could approach them with complete confidence and a symphony of prustens. t The keepers were not, I assure you, beating the animals or trying to be cruel. They simply thought that one had to terroize an animal to achieve control. It was just a matter of ignorance, not anything more sinister. I During that year that I went to the zoo to do this I learned quite a lot j about the Mysore Zoo and about Indian zoos in general. I used to take I the tigers out for walks and during these walks people would come up to I me and ask what I was doing and I would tell them something about tigers. ' I read everything in the Zoo library and I spent a couple of hours a day with the Director going around the zoo asking questions. I also spent a ' lot of time with the veterinary doctor. I Ultimately I decided that what Mysore Zoo needed was a Friends of the Zoo so I started one. It was very popular and we did a great many good pro- jects. I was in charge of the zoo nursery for about a year and reared all kinds of animals, including a baby chimpanzee. We started a magazine called the GNU’S LETTER which we sent to all the zoos and our members ( and anyone who wanted it. It was, if you can believe it, the ONLY zoo i magazine in the entire country coming out more than once a year. It was I a monthly. We still publish it but have changed the name to the ZOO’S i LETTER because few knew what GNU was. A NATIONAL ZOO IMPROVEMENT STRATEGY, Contlna^d Friends of the Mysore Zoo ultimately ran into a lot of problems and had to stop doing hands-on animal work. But we continued our educational pro- grams and held several very popular teachers’ training workshops at the zoo. My experience with this organization, which was the only zoo volun- tary group in India, led me to conclude that although there are a lot of problems with organizing and sustaining such an organization, ultimately these groups could fill a great many lacunaes in the zoo scene here. Therefore, I started a new association which is a national-level organiza- tion called Zoo Outreach Organization (Z.0.0.) the primary purpose of which is to assist Indian Zoos by involving the public in a positive and constructive way and providing certain other services. And now some back- ground about Indian Zoo history is in order. Zookeeping in India goes back a long way. A book called the Ain-e-Akbari by Barbar’s personal secretary, Abdul Fazal, relates how they kept hun- dreds of elephants in Akbar’s court and discussed the husbandry of var- ious animals. The Maharajas were great animal lovers (both dead and alive) and many of them kept private collections of wild animals which they often donated later to stock municipal zoos which started making their appearance over 130 years ago. The Calcutta Zoo was one of the first zoos and it was started by a group of wealthy citizens who pooled money and undoubtedly animals to make a very fine zoo with over 700 different species. The first superintendent, a man named Ram Brahma Sanyal, wrote a book on zoo management just 13 years after the start of this zoo with detailed des- criptions and instructions regarding 350 mammals and 400 birds. That was the last book ever written about zoo management in India, although zoos have continued and grown this entire century. Of course only the very rich minority could bother about such things as wild animals in captivity for a long, long time in India. In 1947, India became independent of British domination and the Maharajas lost their position in the country also. The zoos which had been supported by dona- tions from royal coffers suffered. The ones which continued mostly were taken up by various state and municipal governments with varied results. By and large, the various governments had more important things to do and to pay for than zoos and so the existing zoos either closed down or declined very badly. When the Indian Board for Wildlife was formed and started having meetings in the 1950s, there was as much awareness of the potential of zoos as a conservation tool among the members here as anywhere in the world. Many of the members were members of the royal families who had kept zoos and also who had lived and traveled extensively all over the world. Although the Indian Board for Wildlife recommended the upgrading of zoos and even had a special Zoo Wing, somehow it did not have much effect on the people actually in charge. A decade later there was a new onslaught of articles and attention given to improving the zoos by such persons as Reuben David and Kailash Sankhala but again, not much happened. One decade ago the government itself got very serious about Indian Zoos and appointed a high level committee to visit the zoos and write a report which would both give an idea of what was happening and also serve as s sort of handbook for the zoo directors and vets to use in their work. This report was duly written, published and distributed. It was really an excellent report, covering literally everything from management to 338 A NATIONAL ZOO IMPROVEMENT STRATEGY, ConUnued education programs, etc. The report summarized the problems of Indian zoos and gave solutions that, if implemented, would definitely work. The solutions referred both to the higher levels of central government and also to the individual zoo directors and veterinary doctors. The prob- lem is that the recommendations were not followed and the report — both problems and solutions — is almost as valid today as it was 10 years ago. Indian Zoos are hard nuts to crack. In fact, there are some excellent zoos here, both old and new. It's just that services are not up to , the mark, professionalism at middle and lower level jobs has not developed and the public is hopelessly ill-informed and badly behaved. Those things taken together mean that the people who are working hard for their zoo find it very tough going. There is hope however. For the past few years there has been wildlife organizations bringing up a new breed of forest officer who is more in- terested in wildlife. Some of these persons are being deputed to the zoos. The funding situation has also improved through the Wildlife Action Plan which has allocated grants to selected zoos through a centrally sponsored matching scheme. There is still quite a lot to be done however, and here is where voluntary organizations can help. What I noticed almost immediately on discussing zoos with various people in India is that "the Zoo" as an institution had a very bad public image. Ordinary people had no awareness whatever of the potential of a zoo and little interest in finding out. Wildlife enthusiasts and conservation- ists were by and large actually hostile to zoos, thinking they were de- pleting the forests of wildlife without contributing anything of positive value. Both groups thought of zoos as prisons where employees stole the animals' food and treated them cruely. There was a very low level of awareness of the tremendous problems zoo managers here face and how hard they were working to just keep the show together. The problems of Indian Zoos require a separate article all their own. Let me simply address some of the problems that our organiza- tion is trying to address. 1. Difficulties in procuring technological information from other zoos around the world. This was our first project: to start a magazine con- sisting of reprints (xerox copies) of various useful zoo managerial, medical and technological information. We send this monthly ZOO ZEN (Zoo Outreach Organization Zoo-information Exchange Notebook) to 100 zoo directors, vets, and particularly interested other employees as well as a few peripherally but importantly involved government officials. Some of the subjects have been ANIMAL CARE CONTINGENCY PLAN (AAZPA) , ZOONOTIC DISEASES (AAZK), AUCKLAND ZOOKEEPERS MANUAL, HANDREADING FACILITY HAND- BOOK (FONZ) , CRANE REARING (IGF) , ANIMAL HUSBANDRY TRAINING MANUAL (AAZPA) and several others. We just completed a year of publication. 2. Lack of communication between zoos and other captive breeding centers in the country . Our answer for that was ZOO'S PRINT, a monthly magazine devoted to nothing hut ZooNews. This magazine serves a dual function of informing the public about Indian Zoos (the public meaning a highly select group of persons to whom we send the magazine free; persons who could do SOMETHING if they were correctly informed about zoos) . We send it to all Ministers and Secretaries, all Planning and Finance Secretaries, animal welfare board members, conservation groups, nature clubs. Press (very important) and, of course, all the 46 zoos and five people who work there whom they suggest . 339 A NATIONAL ZOO IMPROVEMENT STRATEGY, ConUnued At first we had to write most everything ourselves, but now we have all kinds of articles coming in from zoos all over India. This magazine could serve as a Zoo Society's magazine and we have made the offer that if any other Zoo Society forms and wants to use this as their magazine, we will try and arrange it, like ANIMAL KINGDOM does in the U.S. (only our mag is NOTHING like the highly professional ANIMAL KINGDOM. ) 3 . Lack of any systematic education or public relations program. Again our answer for this was yet another monthly magazine: ZOOPREME (Zoo Out- reach Organization Public Relations and Education Media Exchange) . This is full of educational and public relations ideas from all over the world and also from here. We send this to numerous people who have interests in education and wildlife and also the usual zoo directors’ list. 4. Single animals in zoos. This one is very tough. We have written many newspaper articles about this and we publish a monthly "Matrimonial Column" in our magazine. When we visit any zoo with a single animal we try and convince authorities to mate it up somewhere. Unfortunately, two of the breeding loans which were directly instigated by Friends of the Mysore Zoo (the society that inspired Z.0.0.) resulted in animal deaths due to trans- port faults and an accident. But zoos are doing it now, partly I think as a result of the wide publicity we gave the concept. We have also promoted the International Species Inventory System (ISIS) here and have convinced five zoos and maybe more to join so far. This could help match up some of the single exotics (animals from foreign countries) in Indian Zoos. We help Mysore Zoo with their forms and hope to upgrade our computer so that we can get ARKS for it and demonstrate the further utility of the system. 5. Low educational background and motivation of keepers. This ia a very very touchy problem. Almost every single zookeeper in India is illiter- ate. The few that are literate would read only in an Indian language, except for the merest handful. We are "collecting" that handful and encouraging them. We have asked AAZK to "adopt a keeper" by sending AKF and any other materials to those we locate who would benefit. We are sending out a request here for people to translate articles into Hindi which is the national language. We have selected about two dozen simple articles from AKF over the years and when we get a few translated we will bring out an occasional publication for Zookeepers in their own language. We are also planning a short course for zookeepers here to communicate a few basic principles using literature from all around the world and some local people who are knowledgeable in wildlife and conservation. We hope to help them understand the importance of their jobs, but not to take advantage of it by staging labor strikes as so many keepers’ unions here are wont to do. We are writing the zoo directors now for their response to see if they will send their keepers. When we arrange it we’ll let you know so that if any keepers are traveling in this area at the time, maybe they can come and help. Incidentially , we have a guest room and keepers are welcome to stay with us if they obey our very conservative rules. What we really think however is that the^^ entire zookeeping subject needs attention here. It’s pretty hard to teach uneducated people who are just trying to survive the importance of conservation. We feel that more ed- ucated and interested young people should become involved in zookeeping 340 A NATIONAL ZOO IMPROVEMENT STRATEGY, ConUnuzd here. That sounds good but it’s not so easy. Zookeeping is considered a 4th class post here — that means "sweeper" category, which means, well there's no nice way to say it — "low class". Our way of solving this one is to try and make a course available to middle level zoo staff and the handful of literate, English-speaking keepers or wardens and to offer it to the vast, untapped population of Indian youngsters who love animals and maybe wouldn’t mind being pioneers in breaking into zookeeping. I am taking the ANIMAL MANAGEMENT course from the U.K. myself and I hear it is the best. So we chose that one. The National Extension College is a bit hesitant however because my ten- ure here is not secure due to problems of finance and visa. So I tried to get the government interested in taking it over but so far the big fish hasn’t bitten that piece of bait. I have no complaints about the Indian government however, as they are the only ones who came through in a big way to fund this organization. Unlike many governments who give money, the Indian government, once they decide you have a decent program chalked out, just don’t hassle you at all. So we have had freedom to ex- periment and see what works. The Department of Environment, Government of India has given us funds to produce educational packets on how to use the zoo to teach wildlife pre- servation and environmental protection. While doing that one can also teach children how to behave in the zoo as teasing here is a problem you can’t envision. 6. Lack of support groups, public participation or Friends of the Zoo, Zoological Societies. This actually is our PRIMARY PURPOSE: to get the public involved in their zoo — physically, mentally, emotionally, spirit- ually and FINANCIALLY. Zoos in America have such an advantage because of these support groups which help the zoo financially by fund-raising and also in so many ways by providing volunteers. Here there is none of that. So Zoo Outreach Organization wants ultimately to see a Friends of the Zoo in every Indian Zoo. Just like we would like each AAZK chapter to "adopt" a keeper, we would like every Friends of the Zoo in America to "adopt" a fledgling society here. So far there aren’t many but some are forming and when they do we are here to help them with advice, materials, informa- tion, ANYTHING. I travel to different zoos to gather material and ideas for the magazines and to try and convince them of the benefits of the ISIS way of life. I visit Mysore Zoo daily and take a "round" with my mentor, Mr. C.D. Krishne Gowda. But I don’t get to spend much time with the animals which is what I really like to do. But this too shall pass. Do drop in the next time you are in India, and let us put you to work! 341 [EdLiton.'^ notd: The, {,olJioiA)lng mu ^oivt to AAIK National He.adquaAt2/u> by HoAold Ma6teA^, one, oi the, c,ommitte,e, membeA^ ion. the, 19B6 AAIK National ConieAe.nce. and a ke.e.peM, at the. A^^iniboine. Tank Zoo, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. Haaold ha6 -6ince leit Auuiiboine to do i>ome traveling and he Mill be ^on,ely miji^ed by all Mho knew him. Hi6 comments beloM up Mhat many oi lu> have ielt about eon^eAence^ but have neven, been able to ^ay quite aj> Mell. Good luck, HoAold, Me'll mi6^ you. SC] "Another conference is over, for me, my last one for awhile. While every conference is special in its own way, the 1986 conference was the most moving to me. There was a moment at the conference that brought home what makes conferences and life so special - caring people sharing know- ledge and feelings through friendship. That moment, for me, was when I was standing in front of the microphone after Bob (Debets) had told every- one that I was leaving and how much I would be missed. The whole confer- ence was standing, clapping and smiling at me. Standing there I felt the love and caring of those people and I was touched. Physically I actually felt a rush of warm air coming from the people in the audience. Emotions made physical through the focused caring of a great bunch of people and I knew there was hope for humanity and the animal world. Understand that the warmth was not only felt in my heart and mind but physically. It was no hallucination. I said little, I did not want to become a crying, blithering idiot. Had I said much more than thank you I would have be- come just that. When the conference was over and I was by myself, I be- came just that. I would like to now tell everyone how much I will miss them and how moved I truly was by the many displays of affection. My leaving is a paradox. I have left many times in my life and leaving the zoo and all my friends there and in AAZK is by far the most difficult thing I have ever done. The people and animals have made all the difference. I have also never been as sure as I am now that this is the right move for my personal grow- th. (You figure it out) I do have the advantage though of being able to carry all of you in my thoughts and heart as I travel (I wish there was room in my backpack for all of you.). I encourage every AAZK member to attend the conferences in order to ex- perience this wonderful sharing of knowledge and friendship. One per- son was overheard saying that usually by Friday they're ready to go home, but this time they wanted to stay. I think that sums up the 1986 Nat- tional Conference. With much love & respect, Harold Masters (JuJit pnton. to pn,eti^ time. Me aeeeived a cjin,d iaom Haaold notifying ua that aiten. 14 Novemben,, tho^e Mishing to Mnite him may addn,e^6 eonxe^- pondence to: HoAold Ma,6te/u, e/o Amentean Kpaetii JnteAnational, Inc., 95 Queen St., P.O.B. 2412, Auckland, New Zejaland.) 342 CONDORMINIUn CLOSE-UP. Part 2 (an update) By Von StoAnoA, Lead Kee.peA Cdtiio^ula Condor VKojUct San Vd,ego {fJdZd Ayiunai PoAk San Vdiago, CA In the last "Condorminium Close-up” article (Sept. 1986 AKF) it was men- tioned that July would wrap up the 1986 chick season for condor keepers. This wasn’t the case at all. The king vultures {SaACLOaampkLU papa] at the San Diego Zoo laid another egg in early July, almost two months after the first egg was removed from their nest (usual recycling time roughly 31 days) . The second egg was transported to the California condor facil- ity at the San Diego Wild Animal Park (SDWAP). It hatched on the 24th of August, and we thought this had to be the last one. Again, the king vulture pair at the zoo had different ideas. The day after the second egg hatched, the San Diego Zoo called to inform us that yet another egg was laid (again two months from the previous egg removal) . It was also transported to SDWAP, is fertile, and due to hatch around the 16th of October... a very late season for chicks. The other two king vulture chicks are doing very well as are the puppet-reared Andean condors ( UalXoA gqyphuA ] mentioned in the previous article. Nojoqui, the only California condor (Gymnogyp^ catd,{jOanAJinuA ] hatched in 1986 is almost 4 months old now. The chick probably weighs around 171bs. Feathers are coming in rapidly, but the bird is still quite downy. It will be about 2 months yet before the chick starts flying. Nojoqui still has not been sexed yet. It’s a matter of getting the vets, the lab, and other birds that need to be karotyped all coordinated on the same day. Hopefully we’ll get it done soon. Kaweah and Malibu, the male and female California condors raised at the Park in 1985 were transported to the Los Angeles Zoo on the 15th of Aug- ust. In exchange, two female California condors, Piru and Inaja, raised at the Park in 1984 were brought back down to the SDWAP facility (they were shipped up to Los Angeles in December, 1984, along with three other fledglings to be prepared for release into the wild. Unfortunately, due to losses of birds in the wild in early 1985, releases were cancelled). This recent exchange of birds allows for greater genetic representation at both zoos, in preparation for future pairings. As it takes 6-7 years for condors to reach sexual maturity, the oldest of the captive-raised birds won’t be ready to breed until 1990. We do have an adult "pair" of wild-caught California condors set up at the Park, as well as at the Los Angeles Zoo. The next big step in the whole program will be to get Cali- fornia condors to reproduce in captivity. Although their close relatives, the Andean condor, has been bred in zoos for many years, California con- dors have not. However, until recently, no effort has been made to do so. Based on the Andean condor’s captive record, there is no reason why Cali- fornia condors won’t be good captive breeders. Right now, this is a maj- or key to their survival. In recent weeks, it was finally agreed upon by all parties to bring in the three remaining wild condors (all males). Unfortunately, for var- ious reasons, the owners of both ranches where trapping takes place have kicked the trappers off the land until further notice. Hopefully things will be worked out with the owners soon. Time is not on the side of the wild condors. If they are lost in the wild, we will be missing an impor- tant part of the gene pool for the captive flock. With only 27 birds re- maining, this is extremely critical. 343 CONDORMINIUM CLOSE-UP, Part 2 (an update), ConUnu^d On the brighter side of things, a bill is moving through the California State Assembly and hopefully will be signed by the Governor soon. This bill. Assembly Bill 2833, will release $1.5 million from the Environmen- tal License Plate Fund to be used for the California Condor Recovery Pro- gram. This money will be divided equally among the San Diego Wild Animal Park, the Los Angeles Zoo, and the California Department of Fish and Game, The $500,000 that the SDWAP receives will be used in part to operate the Condor Project and at least temporarily lift the financial burden the Zoological Society of San Diego carries in running its share of the pro- gram (annual cost of running the project at the SDWAP is between $125,000 and $165,000). The remaining money will go for building a second condor facility here at the Park. We are quickly running out of room at the present facility, and when the birds in captivity start reproducing, we will be overflowing (a nice thought an5rway!). This second facility will be more isolated than the existing one, to prepare birds for release back into the wild. The 1987 season will be the first since 1983 that we won't be receiving eggs from the wild. The biggest hope for next year will be that the adult pairs of California condors in captivity will start breeding. In the next couple of months we should begin seeing signs that the birds are interested in going into the courtship cycle. On the other hand, it may be a few seasons yet before these birds settle into captivity, and a pair-bond forms. Here’s hoping that 1987 becomes the year of the first- ever captive breeding of California condors, an event that could pull the birds from the brink of extinction. (Ec1cXoa'4 note: Many thanlu to Von SteAneA ^oA tkl6 compAeken^tve update on the CondoA Project, kt^o apotogtei to Von — tn the SeptembeA oAttcZe evitltted "CondoAjntnMm Clo^e-up" Page 277, the ^ctentei^ta name ioA the CaJLiloAnAji condoA moJ) mt6^petted. Von eeHJtaJjnZy knou}^ how to ^poZt the name, but my typeMAitoA do^n't! SC) 344 SAN DIEGO ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY RECEIVES TOP CONSERVATION AWARD FOR CONDOR WORK The Zoological Society of San Diego was honored in September by the U.S. Department of the Interior for its work with the endangered California condor. The Conservation Service Award, which represents the highest honor bestowed upon individuals and groups outside the Department of In- terior, acknowledges the Society's efforts toward the recovery of North America's largest bird. The award will be shared with the Los Angeles Zoo, which has worked with the San Diego Zoo and San Diego Wild Animal Park is the establishment of a secure California condor breeding flock. The Society began its intensive work with New World vulture species in the early 1950s, when biologists at the San Diego Zoo were the first to arti- ficially incubate and hand-raise Andean condors. Their work also demon- strated the phenomenon of double-clutching, in which condor pairs were induced to double their production of offspring through human manipula- tion— a process which was later applied to the California condor with excellent results. These accomplishments led to the Zoo's pursuit of a California condor breeding program in the mid-1950s, when the protected bird's population had dropped to approximately 60. Permits for the capture of condors and eggs were issued to the Zoo by state and federal authorities, only to be revoked after protests by the Sierra Club and National Audubon Society. Throughout the next 25 years, however, the Society continued to study and breed Andean condors, king vultures and American black vultures, and to gain information applicable to the endangered California bird. The USFWS asked San Diego in 1979 to apply its expertise to the newly- formed California Condor Recovery Project. The USFWS funded construction of a 20,000-square-foot condor facility at the San Diego Wild Animal Park the following year. In 1982 "Holhol", the first California condor chick captured in the wild, was brought to the WAP for rearing; and in 1983 "Sisquoc", incubated at the Zoo, became the first of his species to be hatched in captivity. A total of 13 condors have been successfully hatched and reared at the San Diego Zoo and Wild Animal Park, representing nearly 50% of today's total population of 27 birds. Without the Recovery Project and its work — taking eggs from nests, artificial incubation, acceleration of production through double-clutching, removal of birds from environmental threats — the California condor population would instead number between 11 and 18 specimens. In addition to development of a breeding flock, the Zoological Society of San Diego has been instrumental in the Recovery Project's work with wild condors. Veterinarians and keepers from the Zoo and WAP have par- ticipated in behavioral observations, the collecting of eggs, and the capture of condor chicks and adults in the birds' rugged Southern Califor- nia habitat. All necropsy work on condors has been conducted at the San Diego Zoo Pathology Lab. In planning the overall management of the species, the Society was an early proponent of the USFWS 's current plan to capture the remaining condors and place them in "protective custody" as members of the breeding population — a plan advocated by the Zoological Society both on the California Condor Recovery Team and in federal courts. With a safe population now in hand, plans call for the breeding of condors at the San Diego Wild Animal Park and the Los Angeles Zoo, with the even- tual release of offspring into condor habitat to reestablish a wild Cali- fornia condor flock. — e,xc2A.pt2.d {^Kom Son Vx^go Zoo 345 U.S. POSTAL SERVICE STATEMENT OF OWNERSHIP, MANAGEMENT AND CIRCULATION iR'eqLuAemmt Section 488,31 Vomcitlc \kaJUi Manual) Title of Publication; Antmot Keeper' foAum Publication Number: 425390 Date of Filing: 25 September 1986 Frequency of Issue: Monthly. Number of issues published annually =12 Annual Subscription Price = $20.00 Location of Known Office of Publication: Topeka Zoological Park, 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, Shawnee County, Kansas 66606. Publisher: American Association of Zoo Keepers, Inc., Topeka Zoological Park, 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, Shawnee County, Kansas 66606. Executive Editor: Alice Miser, 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606 Managing Editor: Susan D. Chan, 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606 Owner: American Association of Zoo Keepers, Inc., Topeka Zoological Park, 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, Shawnee County, Kansas 66606. The puApo^e, {^unction and nonpAoi^tt status thJj> oA^anizatlon and the exempt 6tatu6 {^OA VedeAat Income Tax puApo^es koj> not changed duAtng the pAecedlng 12 months, EXTENT AND NATURE OF CIRCULATION Average No. Copies Each Issue during Preceding 12 months Actual No. of Copies of Single Issues Published nearest to Filing Date Total Number Copies Printed 2025 2075 Mail Subscriptions 1960 2004 Copies Not Distributed (Office use, left-over) 35 37 Exchange, Complimentary Copies distributed 30 34 TOTAL 2025 2075 I centtly that the i^tatemewU made StgnatuAe and title oi EditoA by me above oAe coAAect and complete. 346 THINK Safety! SAFETY MEANS NOTHING - TOMORROW SabrruJXtd by Jilt Gmde, THINK Safety Column CooKdtnatoH. The following is a brief safety reminder from a bulletin issued at Busch Gardens some years ago. At that time, safety was considered an issue of enough import to warrant the expense of a full-time safety manager on per- manent staff, I hope this article will be of some help to a keeper who recently informed me of unsafe conditions at his zoo. A new zoo is being built, and apparently, all repairs on the old zoo are on hold to minimize ex- penses. A number of safety hazards have been made light of, including cage doors leading into keeper areas which could be, and indeed have been, easily opened by large cats. Let us hope the loss of a keeper’s life will not be added to the cost of the new zoo. Send all contributions for this column to: Jill Grade, Lincoln Park Zoo Hospital, 2200 N. Cannon Dr., Chicago, IL 60614-3895. Newspaper/magazine articles should include source information. Safety is a strange commodity. It is unlike anything else in the world. We can provide future financial security for ourselves and our family by saving and investing our money wisely. We can insure our future health to some degree by employing good living habits and taking shots to im- munize ourselves against disease, but safety cannot be accumulated over a period of time or provided for in the future. Every day is complete unto itself where safety is concerned. It is true that a company can provide its employees with the safest tools and equipment available, and conduct safety programs designed to promote personal safety. That word "personal" is the key word in all such endea- vors - for safety is a personal thing. No man can think for another. No tool or machine has been invented that can think. Machines only obey the commands of man. You and I are responsible for every act of every piece of equipment in our care. If we know that a tool or piece of equipment is unsafe, or become aware of an unsafe practice or manner of performing a job, it is our duty to report the facts to the one in charge. It is our personal responsibility to make sure that we all work under safe conditions with proper tools and equipment. If we fail ourselves in this, we will be the ones to suffer. Every morning when we report to work, we should remember that how safely we worked yesterday, and how safely we intend to work tomorrow, means absolutely nothing. What does matter is: Will we work in a safe manner today? One careless moment, or one thoughtless act could wipe out all of our tomorrows and bring our yesterdays to a sad end. The answer is to work safely each day, one at a time. Then our tomorrows will take care of themselves and our yesterdays will be happy memories. Practice safety, use safety, live safety, but don't attempt to hoard it. Today is that rainy day. Safety is a very perishable product and cannot be stored. Safety not used today is gone, lost beyond all hope. We may not be able to save safety, but safety, if given a chance, can save us. 347 INDIAN ZOONQQZ ^abm^tted by Salty luJatk^A., My6o^^, India Mr. M. Kamal Naidu, Director, National Zoological Park, was bitten by a black cobra while attempting to save two lion cubs from being harmed by the snake. Due to delays in treatment and complications in circulation, Mr. Naidu’ s life was despaired at one point. He has since recovered. The pair of White-naped cranes donated by China to the Jawalakhel Zoo in Kathmandu hatched two chicks according to Mr. Sunder Shrestha, Veterinary Doctor. The cranes incubated the eggs for 31 days and the chicks hatched 36 hours apart. This species is highly endangered and difficult to breed in captivity. Three White-winged wood ducks have been presented to a breeding center in Arunachel Pradesh by the Hong Kong Zoological Society. The species is almost extinct in the wild with only a few pairs to be found in Assam. Five Barsingha (Swamp deer) are pregnant in the Lucknow Zoo. The first fawn of the season was born last month. Swamp deer are rare in captivity and Lucknow now has the best collection. For some reason the swamp deer at Lucknow have been producing only females for the past few seasons so that no pairs could be spared to other zoos. It is hoped that this sea- son a few male fawns will also make their appearance so that other zoos can exhibit and breed this lovely species. A cow elephant procured from Pollachi in Tamil Nadu during October 1985 gave birth to a male calf last month at Nandankanan Zoo, Orissa. Nine pythons born at Vandalur Zoo last month will be released to various wildlife sanctuaries in Tamil Nado after a period of observation. The Chatbir Zoo, Chandigar, has started an interesting variation of "Animal Adoption" in their zoo. The Director, setting an example him- self by adopting a rhino calf, has asked zoo employees to each adopt one animal. The idea is to inculcate a "greater sense of responsibility and involvement in their day-to-day duties". Normally Animal Adoption is taken up by the public with industries adopting large, expensive animals and individuals taking smaller ones by donating the cost of their food for a year. Let’s see how this new wrinkle works. Three brown lemurs from Duke University Primate Center arrived by air on 2 July at the Mysore Zoo. The following day they were released into their enclosures where they settled down very quickly. They are quite active — their favorite activity is climbing the tall trees in their enclosure. The lemurs were sent in exchange for three Slender loris (1.2) which are needed by Duke to enhance their gene pool for their loris breeding group. Calcutta Zoo exhibited lemurs over a century ago and Mysore Zoo also kept Ruffed and Ringtailed lemurs in 1912. At present, however, these may be the only examples of this fascinating group of prosimians in India. 348 AAZK Belt Buckles Are Now Available In Two Sizes From The San Diego Chapter These high-qual ity^ solid brass belt buckles feature the AAZK logo and come in either a 1" OR 1 3/4" belt size. An excellent way to 'wear' your support of AAZK! 1 1 Proceeds go toward AAZK National and the San Diego Chapter of AAZK. AAZK Belt Buckle Order Form Please send 1" buckles at $16.00 each $ Please send 1 3/4" buckles at $16.00 each $ Shipping & handling $1. 80/one buckle or $6. 00/five buckles $ TOTAL ENCLOSED $ Please allow up to four weeks for delivery. Name : Address: City; State: Zip: Please make checks payable to "AAZK San Diego Chapter" and send to: AAZK Belt Buckles c/o Terri Schuerman 15500 San Pasqual Valley Rd. Escondido. CA 92027-9614 MAKES A GREAT CHRISTMAS GIFT SO ORDER NOW FOR HOLIDAY GIVING! 349 AAZK Regional Coordinators Co-Directors Regional Coordinator System States East of Mississippi - Diane Krug, Rt. 1, Box 273, Hillard, FL 32046. (904) 225-9559 (work) (904) 845-4279 (home) States West of Mississippi - Debbera Stecher, Woodland Park Zoo, 5500 Phinney Ave. North, Seattle, WA 98103 (206) 625-5402 (work) (206) 745-8198 (home) REGIONAL COORDINATORS John Linehan, Franklin Park Zoo, Boston, MA (617) 442-7646 (w) for the states of ME,VT,NH,MA,RI ,CT Peter Buchholz, Bronx Zoo, New York (212) 220-5154 (w) (718) 229-7711 (h) for the state of NY Gene Pfeffer, Philadelphia Zoo, PA (215) 243-1100 (w) for the states of PA,NJ,MD,DE VACANCY - for the states of W.VA,VA,D.C. VACANCY - for the state of Michigan Lynne Villers, Indianapolis Zoo, IN (317) 547-3577 (w) for the states of IN,0H,KY Larry Sammarco, Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, IL (312) 294-4660 (w) for the states of WI ,IL,M0,MN,IA Pat Hook, Riverbanks Zoo, Columbia, SC (803) 779-8717 (w) for the states of TN,NC,SC Tim Kurkowski, Zoo Atlanta, Atlanta, GA (404) 624-5600 (w) (404)428-0535 (h) for the states of GA,AR,AL Marcel le Guidry, Greater Baton Rouge Zoo, LA (504) 775-3877 (w) (504) 388- 9392 (h) for the states of LA, MS VACANCY - for the state of FL John R. Turner, Denver Zoo, Denver, CO for the states of C0,NM,TX Steve Tigges, Tulsa Zoological Park, Tulsa, OK for the states of 0K,NE,KS,ND,SD Laurence Gledhill, Woodland Park Zoo, Seattle, WA (206) 625-5497 (w) for the states of WA,0R,ID,MT,WY,AK Art Goodrich, San Diego Zoo, San Diego, CA for the states of CA,NV,UT,AZ Honolulu AAZK Chapter (Dan Vitiello, Pres.) (808) 923-4772 (w) for the Hawaiian Islands Neville Howard Pike, Metro Toronto Zoo, Box 280, West Hill, Ontario MIE 4R5 for the Province of Ontario, Canada Bob Debets, Assiniboine Park Zoo, 2235 Corydon Ave., Winnipeg, Manitoba R3P 0R5 (204) 489-3893 (home) for the Province of Manitoba, Canada Marcia Rasmussen, Calgary Zoo, P.O. Box 3036, Stn. B., Calgary, Alberta (403) 235-5461 (home) for the Province of Alberta, Canada Weed mmboAAklp lvL{iOmoution? Want to le,aAn moan about AAZK on. ^tmt a ckapteA OK become, moKc active - then colt youA RCI TheAe oAe 6tHl open- ings ioK RC positions ioK the state oi Tloaida, {^ok the state oi MiefUgan and {^oK the combined Kegion oi West {/inginia, Uinginia and Washington, PC. you oJie inteAested in any oi these positions, please contact Viane KAug, EasteAn U.S, Regional Co-ViAectoA, Vou may call Viane collect at heA home phone [904] S45-4279 evenings a^teA 6 p.m. EST. TheseTtMAeT positions o{^leA a gAeat oppoAtunity to become involved in AAZK and to pAovide a valu- able and necessoAy seAvice ioA the Assoetation. 350 In^tltLJutlovU) uoLiiklng to advoAtA^o. mploymont oppo^uvUtloA oAd cukdd to ^md poAttndnt data by thu 1 5tk oi mck month to: OppoKtantty Knoclu/AKF, 635 Gage Blvd., Topdka, KS 66606, VloxLbd tncZudd dlo^tyig datoA ioa poha- tton^ avaJXabtd, Tkd^d ti> no dka/igd ion. thJj> ^oAvtcd and phond-tn idAt- tng^ oi po^tttonA u)klch bdcomd aoatlabtd dloAd to deadZtnd ojid accdptdd. ELEPHANT HAMVLER requires one year experience with elephants. Will assist trainer and participate in African elephant husbandry program and exotic hoofstock management. Salary $1 ,205-$l ,541 per month, benefits. Send resume by 5 December 1986 to: Mike Blakely, Curator of Mammals, Kansas City Zoo, Swope Park, Kansas City, MO 64132. GENERAL CURATOR, . . immediate opening. Must have at least four years’ ex- perience as exotic animal keeper and at least one year in a supervisory capacity. Responsible for: (1) 300 reptiles, birds and mammals, of which, one third are primates; (2) organizing and directing work of all other keeper staff; (3) record keeping, animal health, exhibit design input, simple construction, main- tenance of animal areas, occasional class lectures and general husbandry. Strong emphasis on upgrading exhibits, propagation and professionalism. Attendance at seminars and conferences subsidized. Long term, mutually rewarding relationship in growing, active facility possible. Modest accomodations on zoo grounds and $10, 400/year to start for fully qualified individual. Forward resume to: Richard A. Hahn, Executive Director, Catoctin Mountain Zoological Park, 13019 Catoctin Fur- nace Road., Thurmont, MD 21788. ANIMAL TECHNICIAN, , , (Senior Keeper) - requires associate degree in life science, plus two years’ experience in all aspects of avian and small animal husbandry. Prior super- visory experience desirable. Salary $1 ,417-$! , 923/month plus benefits. Send resume by 30 November 1986 to: Earl Unell, Chief Examiner, City Hall, Personnel Department, 414 East 12th Street, Kansas City, MO 64106. EOE/MF. O P P 0 r t u n 1 t y k n o c k I ANIMAL MANAGER. .. exotic and domestic breeds. Duties include husbandry of llamas, alpacas, deer and other exotic and domestic hoofstock includ- ing care, feeding, breeding, housing and holding facilities; advising and consulting with wildlife parks, estates and farms; advising as to marketing, export and distribution of surplus stock. 40-hour week. $13,000 per year. B.S. degree and three years' experience required. Contact Fauna Research, Inc. at (518) 398-1317. CURAT OR/ KEEPER , . .requires experience with reptile and amphibian husbandry i and breeding. Applicant will be responsible for all aspects of care for the collection of snakes, lizards, tortoises, and crocodilians as well as some work with other livestock including farm animals and raptors. Duties include record keeping, maintaining food supplies, cage display design, cage cleaning, attending medical needs of collection, setting up breeding program, and supervising 1-5 keepers depending on season. An interest and ability in contacting the public is important. Starting salary $15,000 with health ^insurance paid. Starting date 2/1/87. Send resume and references to: Joe Maierhauser, Black Hills Reptile Garden, Inc., Box 620, Rapid City, SD 57709. 351 OPPORTUNITY KNOCKS. CoyvUmi^d {/ETERJNARV PRACTJOMER. ♦ » immediate opening with progressive wildlife re- habilitation center in the greater Chicago area for experienced Animal Health Technician or Medical Technologist. Responsibilities include: physical diagnosis of incoming animals, work with consulting veterinar- ians regarding treatments, maintain animal health records and conduct independent research related to wildlife rehabilitative medicine. Com- petitive applicants will have a B.S. in biology or related field, two years’ experience as a Veterinary Assistant or Medical Technologist and ability to be licensed by the State of Illinois as an Animal Health Tech- nician. Preference will be given to applicants with a strong laboratory orientation and who have completed independent studies in the fields of pathology, histology, parasitology or nutrition. Ability to work co- operatively with volunteers is important. Salary range, $20,025 - $25,031, plus benefits. Send letter and resume by 31 December, 1986 to: Debbie A. Zelinski, Human Resources Manager, Forest Preserve District of DuPage County, P.O. Box 2339, Glen Ellyn, IL 60138. Portland Chapter of the American Association of Zoo Keepers PORTLAND CHAPTER CONGRATULATES KEEPER The Portland Chapter of the AAZK would like to express its congratulations to Dave Thomas, Senior Primate Keeper, for being awarded the organization’s Excellence in Zookeeping Award for Here’s an example of the level of respect Dave has earned Because of the Washington Park Zoo’s involvement in behavioral research on its chimpanzee group, Dave has had the pleasure of meeting with Jane Goodall on numerous occasions. Dave was recently- flattered by the concern expressed by Dr. Goodall after she had erroneously been told Dave had left the zoo. When she found out Dave was indeed still in Portland, she made an effort to call him and express her relief that he was still in charge of the large group of chimps. We of the the Portland Chapter feel Dave is very deserving of this award. Above and beyond his hard work and dedication, we appreciate his sensitivity towards the animals under his care and especially his sense of humor. Again, congrats D.T., F.L. (Dave Thomas, “Fearless” Leader), 352 AAZK MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION Name Check here if renewal [ ] Address ^$25.00 Professional ^$20.00 Affiliate fiM-time O^heA. and voluntnoja $25.00 International $15.00 Associate KIZ mmbnAJi ouuU>yidQ, the, Incliv-ldual^ not conmcXed U,S, and Canada wttk an antmat coAe. ^acttUy $15.00 Library $50.00 Contributing Ltbrn/iy ^ub^cAtptton only OAgantzattom and Jndtvtduatb Directory Information; zoo Work Area Special Interests Mail this application and check or money order (U.S. CURRENCY ONLY PLEASE), payable to American Association of Zoo Keepers, Inc., to: AAZK National Headquarters, Topeka Zoo, 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606. Membership includes a subscription to Antmot KeepeAA’ foAam. The member- ship card is good for free admission to many zoos and aquariums in the U.S. and Canada . INFORMATION FOR CONTRIBUTORS Antmot KecpeAA ' VoAum publishes original papers and news items of inter- est to the Animal Keeping profession. Non-members are welcome to submit articles for consideration. Articles should be typed or hand-printed. All illustrations, graphs and tables should be clearly marked, in final form, and should fit in a page size no more than 6" x 10” (15cm x 25iicm) . Literature used should be cited in the text and in final bibliography. Avoid footnotes. Include scientific names. Black and white photos only accepted. Articles sent to Antmot KeepeA* ' foAtm will be reviewed for publication. No commitment is made to the author, but an effort will be made to pub- lish articles as soon as possible. Those longer than three pages may be separated into monthly installments at the discretion of the editorial staff. The editors reserve the right to edit material without consulta- tion unless approval is requested in writing by the author. Materials submitted will not be returned unless accompanied by a stamped, self- addressed envelope. Telephone contributions on late-breaking news or last-minute insertions are accepted. However, phone-in contributions of long articles will not be accepted. The phone number is (913) 272-5821) DEADLINE FOR EACH EDITION 1$ THE 15TH OF THE PRECEDING MONTH AnttcZoji pntntdd do not n2.(ieJ>6aAtZy Az^^to^at tko, optntoyU) oi tko, Antmat Ka^pe/u’ foAim ^dttoAlat iitall oA tkd AmoJujian A^^ocMution oi loo KddpoAM. Items in this publication may be reprinted providing credit to this pub- lication is given. Reprints may be ordered from the editor. PRINTED IN U.S. A. ^ ^ i m -i i ;x. r- 1 r-j 3^* 1 n j 551.? i r\i "1? ~< I O 1^* ! o ^ Cx? -H OnHS,? ■I S- S-8 9 “ o“ ?;c§ ^'’o.-og O' C0c§ ^ , Topoka loo International Affairs Co-Coordinators and Pam McVougaZt, CaZgoAy Zoo Staff Exchange ElandAa Aim, Woodland PoAk Zoo Program Library Uacant Exhibit Design Form V-land foAiyth, AkA.on Zoo Keeper Accommodations List Otlv^A Claildy, MqXao ToAonto Zoo Continuing Keeper Education Pat SammciAco, Ltncoln PoAk Zoo Research/Grants Committee fAank KohniKact Thompson, NZP Public Education Committee Jay Ja^an, Statm Inland Zoo AAZK History Committee AAt GoodAtcin, San Vtdgo Zoo - Melba Shteldi, National Zoo [do^t] Animal Data Transfer Forms BdAntd feldwan, BuAnet PoAk Zoo Membership Directory Pat SajnmoAco, Lincoln PoAk Zoo Diet Notebook BAlnt SpdncdA, Minn, Zool, GaAddn6 Biological Values/Gestation LoAAy BAolnoAd, San PAonctiiCO Zoo Keeper Training Videotapes Library Resources Waynd Buchanan, Woodland PoAk Zoo Kacl Thompson, NZP Keeper Training Materials Identification Infant Development Notebook Ro^emoAy Jallniz, Mill Mountain Zoo Stdvdn Ming, Mllmakdd Zoo Reference Search Nominations & Elections Liz McLaughlin, RogcA Mltllam^ PoAk Janet McCoy, Washington PoAk Zoo Zoo, Jenny Rdnti^AOM, Ma6on, MI CO-DIRECTORS REGIONAL COORDINATORS States East of the Mississippi - Viand KAiig, Mhltd Oak. Plantation, Vuldd, EL States West of the Mississippi - VdbbeAa StdchdA, Woodland PoAk Zoo, Sdottld, Individual Regional CooAdlnatoA^ and the ^tate^ undeA thelA ovdASlght oAd lifted eZ6ewheAd In each ti>6ud ol Animal KeepeA^' foAwn, TABLE OF CONTENTS Conference '86 - Final Reflections 353 Conference '86 T-Shirts and Patches Available 354 Winnipeg '86 Was It Fun? 355 From The President 356 Coming Events 357 AAZK's 20th Anniversary "Founder's Weekend" 358 Overview of 1986 AAZK Board of Director's Meeting 360 Observations on Musth in the Captive Asian Bull Elephant 370 The National Zoo's Dept, of Zoological Research: A Three-tiered Philosophy to Research 376 Maintaining Animal Integrity in a Zoo Nursery 388 Great Apes--More Human Than We Think? 394 Exhibiting the Mongoose 396 The Socialization of the Sumatran Orangutan at Metrozoo 399 Zookeepers Are Coming To Town 409 The Use of Live Plants in Animal Exhibits 412 Massa -- A History 417 An Exhibition of Chinese Golden Monkeys at the Los Angeles Zoo 420 Explaining What We Do: Two Keeper Outreach Programs 427 Information Please 429 Bears--A New Experience 430 Mixed Species Exhibits in a Small Mammal Building 433 Creatures of the Night: Using Keepers 'Round the Clock 438 Urinary Hormone Testing 444 Developmental Notes on La Plata Three-banded Armadillo and Pacarana 449 Opportunity Knocks 452 List of Regional Coordinators for AAZK 453 AAZK Accessories and Publications Available Reminder to the Membership on Renewal Procedures 454 Keeper Training Video Tapes Order Form 455 AAZK Accessories and Publications Available Rhino Logo Stickers. 456 Logo Belt Buckles 457 Zoonotic Diseases Handbook 458 Logo T-Shirts 459 Biological Values II 460 Logo Coffee Mugs... 461 Index for Vol . XIII, Nos. 1-12, 1986 462-470 1 From the Editor's Desk Dear Members, The Editorial Staff of Animal Keepers ' Forum is pleased to bring you this special expanded December issue which contains the papers presented at the 1986 AAZK National Conference held in Winnipeg this Fall. You will find beginning on page 360 an overview of the 1986 Board of Director's Annual Meeting. We encourage you to read through this overview to bring yourself up-to-date on what the Association's activities and projects are, what their activities have been during the past year, and their plans for 1987. These various projects and committees are made up of members like you--members who believe in AAZK, its goals and ideals. If you have never taken the opportunity to become involved in AAZK on a national level, perhaps you should make 1987 your year to do so. The opportunities are there... all that is needed is your time and commitment. AAZK will be celebrating its 20th anniversary this year, so plan to get involved and help YOUR professional association grow and improve. We also want to take this chance to thank all those who have contributed to the pages of AKF during the past year. Without your continued support and willingness to share what you know and continue to learn in your pro- fession, AKF could not exist. We have made some changes in the Forum this past year and will continue to reformat and update the journal in the year to come. We welcome your suggestions and ideas. We are look- ing forward with anticipation (and some anxiety) about the future of AKF once we make the change-over to computer desk-top publishing. This will not be accomplished overnite and undoubetedly there will be some rough edges along the way to overcome. But we feel the opportunity to improve the overall look and appearance of Aj^, as well as the many design options the new system will offer us, will make the wait worthwhile. We ask for your continued support and patience while we learn to master the new tech- nology. We would really like to encourage those submitting articles this year to consider also submitting photographs to accompany the material. We are presently limited to black and white photographs and since many of you shoot only color prints or slides, we realize this request is not always easy to accommodate. But do consider how much more interesting your own article might be with accompanying photos and perhaps give it a try. This year marks the twelfth year of continuous publication for Animal Keepers' Forum. We look forward to a bright future and a productive year for Al^ in 1987. Plan during AAZK's 20th Anniversary year to share what you know with your fellow professionals. S-UldQJtoXlJ , SiUan V. Ckan Manag-lng EditoA Atlce Execcttcue Editor Ron RdngeA ki>hOQAXJJiZ EdJXo^ i i CONFERENCE ^86 Final Reflections Vmn. AAIK MmbeA^- WZyinlpo-Q waH ntveA be the. ^amo, again. Voh. 6lx day6 the, ShoAoton Winni- peg wa^ home ^on. 150 zookeepen^ and delegates ion, the 11th Natlonat AAIK. Con^QAenee. We had utslto/u ^A.om AuAtAolla, Iceland, the United States and Canada . We didn't have the g/ieatoAt matheA, bat at leou>t the Koln held antlZ all the oatdoon. acXlvltleJi weAe oveA. It Ma6 oaA Intention to ho&t the ConieAenee MlXh the 6ame entha^la^m and i>plAH vdnleh ha^ been the tnadltlon o^ past AAIK Con^eAence^ and I think we succeeded. The ConieAenee events Included an excellent papeA ^e^^lon, Inionmatlve and Mell-altended woAfeihop^, and touAS o^ As^lnlbolne PoAk Zoo^ Oak Hammock MaA6h and LoweA FoAt GoAAy. TheAe mu al^o the Second Annual loolymplcu and a 6occeA game Lohlch we happily Aepont had no In- juAle^. We weAe veAy happy wtlh the enthusiastic Aesponse to the Chin- ese Auction and live auction lohlch iMent extAemely toell. This ConieAenee (A)as a Aeal challenge ioA the committee to undertake, but thanks to eveAyone Involved we ieel It Mas a gAeat 6ucces^. Delegates weAe able to meet old iAlends and make new ones uklle expeAlenclng Winnipeg '6 hospitality. Con^eAences oAe a gAeat place ioA exchanging InioAmatlon, swapping stoAles oA just sitting back and taking notes at the papeA session. Foa the Winnipeg ChapteA It had a special meaning. It bAought us closeA togetheA and gave us the opportunity to demonstAote how the AAIK oAganlzatlon iunctlons In a pAoiesslonal manner to educate themselves and the public. The ilnal result Is that animals can receive the best possible care we can provide and, with management cooperation, this will certainly be achieved. On a ilnal note, we would like to suggest that any Chapter that hasn't hosted a Conference to consider the possibility of doing one. It Is hard work, but It Is an experience of accomplishment that will remain with you the rest of youA life. We certainly wish Milwaukee every suc- cess with their Conference next year and we will see you all there. Bob Vebets, President Asslnlbolne Park Zookeepers Association 353 NOW AVAILABLE The 12th National American Association of Zoo Keepers Confer- ence '86 T-shirts are still available. These souvenirs of a great Conference come in all sizes (while quantities last). The logo as pictured above is off-white on a navy blue T-shirt (50/50 cotton-polyester). The cost is $10.00 (US) per shirt and may be ordered through: Conference T-shirts 785 Buckingham Road Winnipeg, Manitoba Canada R3R 1C3 Make checks or money orders payable to: Assiniboine Park z.ooKeepers Association. Thank you. ALSO AVAILABLE — Conference Patches!! The 12th National American Association of Zoo Keepers Confer- ence '86 patches are also available for purchase. These 3-3/4" by 2-3/4" patches are navy in color and depict the Conference logo in white. Cost is $2.50 (US) per patch and may be ordered from National Headquarters, 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606. Please make check or money order payable to: AAZK National . Note: prices for patches and T-shirts include postage/handling. 354 was it fun? WINNIPEG '86, Saturday , 27 September The Board of Directors met in private session from 8; 30 til noon; from 1-10 p.m. the Board meeting was open to the membership and attended by 10-20 members at any given time. The majority of committee/project heads were present to report on the status of their responsibilities. Sunday , 28 September 9:00 a.m. till 4:00 p.m. the Board meetings continued. . .open to the membership .. .more reports, discussion, policy formation, budget decisions. .....7:00 p.m. the Icebreaker followed by dancing... it was fun. Monday , 29 September 8:45 a.m. till 5:00 p.m. papers were presented on a variety of topics ranging from animal husbandry to keeper’s roles in public education... followed by a iJ^-hour workshop on videotape production. after a supper break there were additional special interest or pro- ject meetings. . .later in the hospitality room, Keepers crowded in to watch videotapes on various zoo/animal management topics, in addition to a lot of shop talk. Tuesday, 30 September 8:00 a.m.— —The day started with a Wildlife Photography Workshop con- ducted by renowned Canadian photographer Robert Taylor, followed by a tour of the Assiniboine Park Zoo and an afternoon workshop on Keeper Training and Education. In the evening there was a T-shirt party complete with dinner and a Chinese auction... it was fun. Later a few more videotapes from zoos surfaced for late-night viewing in the hospitality room. Wednesday, 1 October At 8:00 a.m. busses loaded for a trip to Oak Hammock Marsh where birders had a rare opportunity to view migrating flocks of many species .. .follow- ed by an orientation, lunch and some time to tour Lower Fort Garry, a major center in the Hudson Bay Company's fur trade in years past. The afternoon included three-hour, small group sessions discussing the subjects of: Zoo on Strike, Species Integrity in Captivity — the Zookeepers’ Role, AAZK Chapters, Health and Safety, Zookeeper Specialization, Evaluation, Animal Enclosure Management, Bum-out, Cleanliness, Training and Education. Before loading the busses back to the hotel, a group of hearty souls participated in the Second Annual Zoolympics and/or soccer game... it was fun. Special interest meetings were held back at conference headquarters from 7-10 p.m. Thursday , 2 October From 8: 30-noon, nine papers were presented. After lunch and the award presentations, the annual AAZK Membership Meeting was conducted. This included a vote on by-laws changes and the selection of Tucson, AZ as the site for the 1988 conference. After the closing banquet, live auction and dancing, the hospitality room was full of Keepers watching zoo videotapes and some last minute shoptalk... So, to answer the question. . .was the Winnipeg Conference fun? Yes, it was, and it was well earned! 355 FROM THE PRESIDENT ATTENTION ALL AAZK MEMBERS! Sally Walker, founder of the ZOO OUTREACH ORGANIZATION (Z.O.O.), is pre- sently doing a whirlwind tour through the United States visiting as many American zoos and animal facilities as she can squeeze into her schedule. The Zoo Outreach Organization was established in 1984 solely by Ms. Walker who made her headquarters in Mysore, India. The goals of the organization include improving conditions in Indian zoos, upgrading the present status of the Indian zoo keeper by making available education materials and pro- grams that will enrich their approach to animal caretaking, and setting up projects and publishing materials geared at educating the public. Sally plans to be in the country only until the end of December or possibly the early part of January. While here, she would like to arrange a time with the keeper staff at each facility she visits to give a slide presentation describing the conditions of Indian zoos and what is needed to help rectify the situation. She is also hoping to reach the general public about the problems in India through Zoological Society Meetings and the publications that they put out. Hopefully she can rally support through monetary dona- tions as well as educational materials and medical supplies contributed by the numerous groups she hopes to contact. At this time I am calling on all AAZK Chapters and individual members to please assist Sally Walker in any way possible if she stops in your area. Keep in mind that she is traveling very simply to allow her more time in the States since her funds are limited. I would also like to encourage all Chapters to plan a fund-raiser over the next month or so with the pro- ceeds to be turned over to Sally’s Zoo Outreach Organization. You may also consider taking up a collection of zoo-related books, articles, films, videos, capture/restraint equipment and medical supplies for her to take with her on her return to India. Of course, your Chapter may pledge to sponsor an Indian zoo keeper — this project is already underway and has proven very worthwhile. If you are interested in this sponsorship pro- gram, contact Pam McDougall at the Calgary Zoo. Any contributions that you or your Chapter may decide to offer Ms. Walker and the Z.0.0. will not only be greatly appreciated by Sally, but will also allow your group to exhibit its support for AAZK by exercising many of the Association’s goals as stated in our constitution. Gratefully, Jean Hromadka AAZK President 356 Coming Events THE SECOND INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BREEDING BIRDS IN CAPTIVITY Feb. 11-15, 1987 Universal City, CA Honoring Jean Delacour, the symposium will be hosted by the International Foundation for the Conservation of Birds. To be held at the Sheraton Premier, Universal City, CA. For further information contact: I.F.C.B., 11300 Weddington St., North Hollywood, CA 91601 (818) 980-9818. AAZPA NORTHEASTERN REGIONAL CONFERENCE March 15-17, 1987 Syracuse, NY For more information or to submit an abstract for a paper presentation contact: Jim Aiello, Burnet Park Zoo, 500 Burnet Park Dr., Syracuse, NY 13204 (315) 478-8511. Abstracts should be submitted by 1 January 1987. Conference topics include: Field Research and Conservation Strategies, Animal Training for Demonstrations, Animal, Plant and Exhibit Management, Exhibit Design and Construction, and Conservation Education. 6TH ANNUAL NATIONAL WILDLIFE REHABILITATORS ASSOC. SYMPOSIUM March 18-22, 1987 Clearwater Beach, FL Hosted by the Suncoast Seabird Sanctuary, the four-day symposium will feature qualified speakers, hands-on workshops (beginners & advanced), rehabilitation center field trips, and an opportunity to exchange ideas and acquire valuable contacts. For more information contact: Symposium Information, Suncoast Seabird Sanctuary, 18328 Gulf Blvd., Indian Shores, FL 33535 (813) 391-6211 ATTN: Barb Suto. AAZPA WESTERN REGIONAL CONFERENCE April 5-7, 1987 Fresno, CA Theme for the conference is "The Basics Revisited" and topics emphasiz- ing the use of specific materials and/or techniques to meet the evolving needs of animal husbandry, education and public relations are invited. Abstracts should be submitted to: Scott Ransom, Assistant Director, Fresno Zoo, 894 West Belmont Ave., Fresno, CA 93728 (209) 488-1549. AAZPA CENTRAL REGIONAL CONFERENCE April 12-14, 1987 Colorado Springs, CO For more information contact: Gerald Brady, General Curator, Cheyenne Mt. Zoological Park, Colorado Springs, CO 80901 (303) 633-0917. AAZPA GREAT LAKES REGIONAL CONFERENCE April 26-18, 1987 St. Louis, MO For more information contact: William Boever, DVM, St. Louis Zoological Park, Forest Park, St. Louis, MO 63110 (314) 781-0900. 9 357 20§20§20§20§20§20§20§20§20§20§20§20§20§20§20§20§20§20§20§20l 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ AAZK 20TH ANNIVERSARY "FOUNDER'S WEEKEND" MAY 5.6>7.-1987 in San Diego. CA AAZK was founded at the San Diego Zoo in 1967 andlithe National History Committee is putting on a FUN-filled, EDUCATION-packed celebration honoring the seven Founders of AAZK in our 20th year. We have special Zoo and Wild Animal Park tours--workshops on Zoonotic Diseases; Research in Zoos; Condors and Cranes; a special Pathology lab set up; Reptiles; Elephants; and a program with Linda Tel 1 ington-Jones on "Teaching The Touch" (a non-invasive method of therapy, rehabilitation, and stress relief for animals of all types). There is something for everyone. The fun starts with an Icebreaker on Tuesday evening. Then Wednesday and Thursday at the Zoo and the Wild Animal Park for workshops — the big banquet on Thursday evening with auction, dancing, etc., etc. We even have a post "weekend" tour of Sea World for those interested. This is not a conference in the traditional sense. You will have to send us a postcard requesting our Information/Regis- tration Packet for the "Founder's Weekend". You will be invited to plan your own workshop schedule for the two days of events. You will meet the Founders as well as the current National Board Members. It's going to be a lot of fun--and we have managed to keep the costs down low!!! We want to give all AAZK members an opportunity to partici- pate, so we are having a National Fund Raiser for the awards we are going to present to the Founders. Most of the awards will be presented here, in May--with a major award to be given in Milwaukee at the National Conference next October. The History Committee is suggesting a donation of at least $5.00 per member. This money will be used for the awards and founder's travel, with extra being set aside by National for our 25th Anniversary in 1992. A very limited T-Shirt is also being offered at this time. It is a 20th Anniversary —LIMITED EDITION--T-Shirt. There will be 2^ numbered shirts at $25.00 each. They will have the #1 Logo from our National Logo Contest (see Nov. AKF) on the front. They will come in one color, men's style, sizes sm/med/lg/x-lg. , 100% cotton. Order now — numbers assigned on a first-come basis! Remember, these will never be printed again and we will never have another 20th Anniversary either! The price includes postage--del iveries will be in February. To sum it all up-- if you want: 1. An INFORMATION/REGISTRATION PACKET 2. To participate in the National Fund Raiser or 3. A "LIMITED EDITION" T-Shirt Send all requests to: AAZK History Committee c/o Art Goodrich Mammal Dept., San Diego Zoo, Box 551, San Diego, CA 92112. 2QC Make all checks payable to "Art Goodrich". Please print or ^ type your name and address for our records. COME ON OUT TO SAN DIEGO IN MAY FOR THE BIG, BIG 20TH ANNIVERSARY!!!! 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§ 20§20§20§20§20§20§20§20§20§20§20§20§20§20§20§20§20§20§20§20§ 358 Quality exotic animal diets Fixed formulation IMutritionaiiy baianced Economicai Frozen feline diets Frozen bird of prey diets Frozen canine diet Chunk and chopped horsemeat, hearts, livers, rib, shank, and knuckle bones Zu/IYeem Feline canned Primate canned Marmoset canned Omnivore dry Primate dry Banana flavored primate, 1 5% protein Banana flavored primate Pro-Plus, 25% SPECTRUM protein Omnivore dry Polar Bear dry Ratite dry Hoofstock supplement, with Selenium When you need a complete line of high-quality dry, canned, and frozen animal diets foryour feeding program, call Animal Spectrum today. In Nebraska, call collect 402/488-6492. Animal SPECTRUM Inc. Box 6307 Lincoln, NE 68506-0307 OVERVIEW OF THE 1986 AAZK BOARD OF DIRECTOR'S ANNUAL MEETING Su.bmltt2.d by Ba/iboAR Ma.(^6 pea fee/L, AAZK Admuuj^tnjxtivz SQ.cAQ,tan.y and Jean Hnamadka, AAZK PA,e^dident The meeting was called to order on 4 October, 1986 at 8:45 a.m. by Presi- dent Jean Hromadka. Board members present were: Frank Kohn, Oliver Claffey, Susan Barnard and Kerry Hoffman. Susan Chan, Managing Editor of Animal Keepers^ Forum was present. AAZK Administrative Secretary, Barbara Manspeaker, served as recording secretary. An additional wrap- up meeting was held on 5 October, 1986 with all members present. NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS - report submitted by Barbara Manspeaker It was reported that we have had a steady increase in the number of members over the year, but it was felt there were many potential mem- bers that were not being reached for one reason or another. The member- ship was reminded to have membership brochures available at their respective Zoos for individuals who would like to join or to write to National Headquarters for a supply of these brochures. Personal contact is always the best incentive to join. The financial statement was submitted to the Board. IRS Status Classi- fication was discussed and was decided by the Board that National Headquarters needs the expertise of a lawyer on this subject. National Headquarters has been requested to find a Pro Bono lawyer in Topeka to help us decide what classification is best suited for AAZK. It was requested by the secretary that all Committee heads and Board members please have their receipts for 1986, sent in to her by December 10 because the books will be closed out December 31. The Board approved a 50c per hour increase in wages for Susan Chan and Barbara Manspeaker at National Headquarters. The secretary requested all Committee heads and Board members to remem- ber to send National Headquarters a copy of all pertinent correspondence on committees so that National is kept informed and able to answer ques- tions or direct people to the correct source. Fun Safaris, Inc. and Park East Tours had brochures available for up- coming trips that they wanted AAZK to sponsor. It was decided by the Board that National would only advertise these trips in the AKF , if these companies bought advertising space in AKF. ANIMAL KEEPERS ' FORUM - report submitted by Managing Editor, Susan Chan Susan reported that 1986 marked the 12th year of continuous publication for AKF. The staff instituted several of the suggestions received from last year’s survey during the past twelve months. These include: running a brief natural history sketch on each month's cover art, published a 360 AN OVERVIEW OF THE 1986 BOARD OF DIRECTORS MEETING, Continued series of biographical articles on the AAZK Board of Directors, published an article offering guidelines and suggestions for submitting material to AKF, tightened the selection guidelines for cover art, and revised and re- formated the Births and Hatchings column. Because of office space limita- tions, the AKF staff ran a "back issues" sale from March through August. This was very successful not only in giving them some much needed shelf space but also produced an income of approximately $400 for future publi- cations. Susan noted that AKF continues to receive good support from the membership by their submission of materials for publication. With the possibility of National Headquarters acquiring a computer and desk-top publishing software in the coming year, it is hoped that the over-all look and appearance of AKF can be improved and expanded to better serve the needs of the membership . In comments on other publications, Susan reported the following: The Zoonoses Booklet , edited by Bruce Clark, has proven very popular and sales have been brisk. As of conference time, AAZK had realized a profit of $515 on this publication. Over half of the copies ordered have been sold and a second printing may be anticipated if sales continue well. The second, revised edition of Biological Values for Selected Mammals II, coordinated and compiled by the keepers and volunteers at San Francisco Zoo, was published in February 1986. This greatly expanded edition has sold well and as of this writing has produced a profit of approximately $530; half of which is being split with the Greater San Francisco Bay Area Chapter. This volume will continue to be researched and revised by San Francisco in years to come. The 1986 AAZK Membership Directory was again edited by Pat Sammarco out of Chicago and printed in Topeka. It is anticipated that with the advent of a computer at National Head- quarters, the Directory will eventually be moved there for preparation as well as printing. However, until the equipment is installed and the necessary training for staff completed, the 1987 edition of the Member- ship Directory will be compiled and edited by Pat Sammarco. Members are strongly urged to update their directory information by 31 January 1987 for correct listing in the Directory. As was decided in Miami, profits earned from the sales of AAZK publications are earmarked to help fund future publications anticipated from the various projects and committees (i.e Infant Care, Diet Notebook, etc). NOMINATION/ ELECTION COMMITTEE - report submitted by Jan McCoy Jan McCoy was appointed chairperson in February, 1986. Her committee members were asked to suggest improvements for the nominee form used in the 1985 election. The suggestions were compiled and a new form was approved. A call for nominations has been published in the AKF . It was recommended and approved by the Board that anyone serving on the Nomination/Election Committee could not run for a Board position. A budget of $400 was approved for 1987. AAZK HISTORY COMMITTEE - report submitted by Art Goodrich Art Goodrich reported that 1987 will be the 20th Anniversary of AAZK. There will be a 20th Anniversary Founders Weekend celebrating our Anniversary in San Diego May 6 and 7. There will be a post conference tour to Sea World May 8. It was recommended that life memberships be provided to the original Founders of AAZK. Other possibilities for suitable recognition was discussed. Art is looking for other persons who would like to serve on this committee. A budget of $50 was approved for 1987. 361 AN OVERVIEW OF THE 1986 BOARD OF DIRECTORS MEETING, continued ANIMAL DATA TRANSFER FORMS - written report submitted by Bernard Feldman In the written report Bernie noted the importance of maintaining proper exposure via advertising in the AKF and the AAZPA Newsletter. He mentioned the ADT Form had gone through several changes in the past, but had stabilized in content. The Board approved National Headquarters setting up an arrangement with Bernie so he could receive financial assistance ahead of time. There were many positive comments on how well organized this committee is. A budget of $600 was approved for 1987. EXHIBIT DESIGN FORM - written report submitted by Diane Forsyth The Exhibit Design Form has gone through its second reprinting. Diane wrote that response to ads in the AKF has been quite low, but ads in the AAZPA Newsletter has received incredible response. Though 1986 was not the year for this project to take hold, she is planning for 1987 to be the year to concentrate on presenting the Exhibit Design Form to several sources. A budget of $50 was approved for 1987. LEGISLATIVE ADVISOR - no report submitted Becky Rodgers served as chairperson for this committee during 1986. It was suggested that perhaps Becky needs a better definition of what needs to be done in this area. It was suggested that attending an AAZPA Conference to talk with other Legislative Advisors would be helpful to her. A budget of $20 was approved for 1987. REFERENCE SEARCH - no report submitted Liz MacLaughlin and Jenny Rentfrow served as co-chairpersons for this committee. Oliver Claffey reported he had contacted both of these people with no response from either. Oliver will request data on this committee. There was discussion about coordinating this with the AAZPA Librarians’ Special Interest Group or combining it with Library Resources under Kaci Thompson. A budget of $100 was approved for 1987. BOOK REVIEWS - written report submitted by Diane Forsyth Diane wrote that this committee has been fairly inactive for the past two years, and has been going through some reorganization. Because of the lapse of time experienced by this committee, those members who volunteered to serve as reviewers for this project were contacted once again to see if they were still interested. A system of correspondence was established for this committee to insure smooth transactions be- tween reviewer, the committee chairperson and the AKF. Two reviews appeared this year in the AKF. Chairperson, Diane Forsyth, has resigned from this committee. A new project head has been appointed. Kathy Sucharitakul from the Akron Zoological Park will be the new chairperson. A budget of $50 was approved for 1987. KEEPER ACCOMMODATION LIST - report submitted by Oliver Claffey It was reported that four requests were made by keepers for accommo- dations; two of these requests were from Australians visiting this continent. Oliver requested that this committee be funded by National Headquarters. Expenses had previously been absorbed by the Metro Toronto Chapter. A budget of $50 was approved for 1987. 362 AN OVERVIEW OF THE 1986 BOARD OF DIRECTORS MEETING, continued KEEPER EDUCATION COMMITTEE - report submitted by Pat Sairanarco Pat Sammarco reported that she is staying in close contact with Dr. Hardy (a Coordinator of CAUZ) . She also explained the Churchman proposal. Mr. Churchman is a curriculum writer. He wanted to team with AAZK to write a Keeper Training Workshop. The objective is to make this training available to keepers via workshops over the United States. There was much discussion about the Churchman proposal and it was decided by the Board that Mr. Churchman would need to attend one of our Conferences to approach the Board on this matter before decisions could be made to par- ticipate. Pat Sammarco requested that other Education Project Committees keep her informed so there is no duplications by committees. ZOO KEEPER FUNDAMENTALS - report submitted by Pat Sammarco Pat Sammarco reported that this project will now be call "An Approach to Zookeeping". Judie Steenberg suggested a deadline be set for this book. It was decided that run descriptions and biographies be submitted to Pat Sammarco by 31 December, 1986. Book sections are to be to Pat by 1 March, 1987. A budget of $50 was approved for 1987. STAFF EXCHANGE - report submitted by Elandra Aum This committee was setup to encourage the exchanging of staff as a tool for on-the-job training. As of June 1986, there were 52 institutions registered as participating in this committee. Elandra reported she will be sending a second mailing to interested institutions. An updated access list for exchange and visiting keepers will be published in the near future. A budget of $200 was approved for 1987. KEEPER TRAINING MATERIALS IDENTIFICATION PROJECT - written report submitted by Beth Poff The Keeper Training Materials Identification Project identifies various materials in use at zoos for training and secures permission to list their availability to keepers and others in the zoo profession. The goal is to help zoos improve and formalize their training programs and to provide animal care personnel with opportunities for self-improvement. The Manual Review has been completed (see AKF, Oct., 1986, page 296). The committee is now seeking out video tape resources for Keeper Edu- cation. Judy Steenberg requested that all video tapes be reviewed. It was recommended that this committee be kept under Pat Sammarco *s over- sight under the Keeper Education Committee and that Pat will work with Rosemary Jalink to put together a review committee . The Board reluc- tantly accepted Beth Poff’s resignation as chairperson of this committee. The new appointed chairperson will be Rosemary Jalink at Mill Mountain i Zoo in Roanoke, VA. A budget of $100 was approved for 1987. i i MEMBERSHIP BROCHURE - no report submitted It was decided by the Board to put this project on hold until National Headquarters has a computer installed. Once that has been accomplished, the Board will decide if this is something that needs to be made avail- able to the membership depending on the cost and demand for such a brochure. Beth Poff, Chairperson for this committee, has resigned this year. i ZOO /UNIVERSITY PROJECT - no report submitted It was decided that this would be coordinated with Pat Sammarco and Nat- ional Headquarters after HQ purchases a computer. ! 363 AN OVERVIEW OF THE 1986 BOARD OF DIRECTORS MEETING, continued CONFERENCE BOOK COMMITTEE - report submitted by Phil Pennock Phil reported that this committee was formed when it was realized there was no single source, or set of guidelines, for people hosting or think- ing of hosting a national or regional conference. This book would be a loose leaf format so that changes or additions over the years could be included. The table of contents and outline for the book is mostly complete. Upon completion this book will be available from National for Chapters Interested in hosting a National or Regional Conference. A budget of $50 was approved for 1987. VIDEO TAPE PROJECT - report submitted by B. Wayne Buchanan The goal of the AAZK Keeper Training Video Tape Project is to produce quality video tape training programs suitable to supplement existing in-house training of entry-level keepers. Wayne reported they are still marketing two programs: "Zoo Keeper Safety: An Attitude Adjustment", and "A Zoo Keeper’s Introduction to Feeds and Feeding". Approximately 120 programs have been sold. The committee is self-sustaining and requires no financial support from National. Judy Steenberg approached the committee about the proposal of putting a video together entitled "The Keeper’s Role in Zoo Animal Health". It was approved that funds would be available for production costs for this video. PROGRAM LIBRARY - no report submitted Program Library will remain an active committee which was chaired by Ann Payne who just recently resigned. Debbie Jackson from the Little Rock Zoo in Arkansas will now act as the new committee head. A budget of $75 was approved for 1987. AWARDS COMMITTEE - report submitted by Rachel Rogers Rachel Rogers proposed that Harry Hofauer of the Metro Toronto Zoo be- come a member of the Awards Committee. The Board approved Mr. Hofauer. It was also noted that John Kiseda of the Bronx Zoo in New York has recently been appointed to this committee. It was discussed and approved by the Board that Professional members only can serve on this committee. It was requested of Rachel Rogers to send Brandy Pound (our AAZPA liaison) copies of awards that are being presented to keepers for AAZPA publi- cation. A budget of $200 was approved for 1987. DIET NOTEBOOK - report submitted by Brett Banner The purpose of the notebook is to collect diet information for captive exotic animals and to make such information available in a printed note- book format. Susan Bunn of the Minnesota Zoological Gardens will be the new Chairperson for this committee. It was decided that all diets be sent to Kerry Hoffman, Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum, from all collection centers by 1 March, 1987. A budget of $100 was approved for 1987. INFANT DEVELOPMENT NOTEBOOK - report submitted by Steven Wing The purpose of the Notebook is to collect data on mother-reared animals that would be useful to someone trying to hand-rear the same species . The bulk of 1986 was spent rewriting a new form for the "Infant Develop- ment Notebook" for distribution for the collection of information from members. He reported once the form is completed an article will appear in the Forum describing the Notebook’s history, goals, and related infor- mation. A budget of $50 was approved for 1987. 364 AN OVERVIEW OF THE 1986 BOARD OF DIRECTORS MEETING, Continued INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS COORDINATORS - reports submitted by Pam McDougall, lAC West, and Melba Shields, lAC East This committee was formed to establish a link between our international members, and to keep other interested persons overseas informed about AAZK. It was reported that many contacts have been made. Correspond- ence with Ms. Sally Walker from India has proven very interesting this year. She has taken on the task of upgrading the standard of zoo keep- ing in India. Through an organization called Zoo Outreach Organization a number of publications have been started to inform and educate zoo staff and government officials. It was reported that the Tucson and Atlanta Chapters have agreed to spon- sor AAZK memberships for two keepers recommended by Ms. Walker. Inter- national Affairs Coordinators are responsible for the newly established Sponsorship Program for keepers working in zoos from third world countries. Since there was such an overwhelming response to the Indian keepers that were sponsored at the request of Sally Walker, it was decided to extend the program by making this available to all third world countries. This idea is presently in the process of becoming an active function of the lAC. It was requested the Chapters keep the International Affairs Coor- dinators informed of the keepers they decide to sponsor. A budget of $100 was approved for 1987. CHAPTER AFFAIRS COORDINATOR - no report submitted Chapter Affairs Coordinator's responsibilities have been turned over par- tially to National Headquarters with the Regional Coordinator System absorbing most of the work load. It was decided after the unexpected resignation from Lee Payne, Chapter Affairs Coordinator, that both head- quarters and the RC Heads were at too much of a disadvantage when this position became inactive. Due to set-backs suffered not only by the three parties involved with chapter assistance, but to the chapters them- selves, it was felt that the system needed to be simplified to operate more efficiently. There was also a need to give more responsibility to the Regional Coordinators that are assigned to specific areas. This new approach is now undergoing a one year trial basis. If we discover that these changes do not improve the situation, we may go back to appointing a new Chapter Affairs Coordinator after the 1987 AAZK National Conference. REGIONAL COORDINATORS - written reports submitted by Diane Krug and Debbera Stecher Diane Krug directs the Regional Coordinators in the states east of the Mississippi. Debbera Stecher directs the Regional Coordinators in the states west of the Mississippi. Several new Regional Coordinators have been appointed this year. A list of the designated RC's and their respec- tive states is published monthly in the AKF. A budget of $200 was approved for 1987. RE SEARCH /GRANTS COMMITTEE - written report submitted by Kaci Thompson The committee's purpose is to encourage keeper-conducted research and to assist in the financial support of such research. During the past year, the guidelines and application procedures were revised to clarify exist- ing ambiguities and to insure that all requirements and restrictions were explicitly stated. A new application form, which requires zoo approval of the proposed project and includes a signed agreement to abide by the terms of the grant, was instituted. In addition, the proposal review forms were revised so that strengths and weaknesses of the proposal could 365 AN OVERVIEW OF THE 1986 BOARD OF DIRECTORS MEETING, ConUnu^d be more specifically pinpointed. A formal grants process was developed, which clarifies the sequence of events in grant submission, review and completion. One proposal was accepted for funding. The study, entitled "An Investigation of the Effects of Bacterial Contamination on the Fertil- ity and Hatchability of Black Ducks” with Steven Leathery, National Zoo- logical Park, as principal investigator was funded. A budget of $1,000 for Grants and $100 for administering the Grants was approved for 1987. LIBRARY RESOURCES — written report submitted by Kaci Thompson The Library Resources Committee’s function is to help keepers utilize libraries and locate printed sources of information. A close link with the AAZPA Librarians’ Special Interest Group was established and coop- erative projects have been undertaken. One of the most important results of this was the recent appointment of a Bibliography Coordinator to col- lect and distribute bibliographies on zoo-related topics free of charge to zoo personnel. Lists of available bibliographies will appear period- ically in the AKF and keepers are encouraged to participate in this serv- ice by submitting any bibliography they may have compiled, as well as making requests. A budget of $50 was approved for 1987. PUBLIC EDUCATION COMMITTEE - report submitted by Jay Jasan Zoo Keepers in Public Education Survey — The purpose of this survey is to compile a resource to be used by those interested in conducting edu- cational programs for the public. The Board approved the survey’s con- tent and design and recommended a direct mailing to Directors of Zoos in North America. AAZK will provide funding for postage costs and envelopes. A cover letter to the Directors will be sent with the surveys. The for- mat of the final product is yet to be decided. Zoo Keeping as a Career Poster — After much discussion, it was resolved that such a poster will serve to not only recruit potential keepers, but educate the public about the zoo keeping profession. Costs of distribu- tion and method of selling the posters have yet to be determined. Design work must first be completed. Zoo Question Booklet — This was to be a booklet but after much discus- sion at the Board meetings, this project has been changed into a regular column to appear in Animal Keepers’ Forum. Ellen Bradfield will publish a question frequently asked of keepers by the public, and ask for good answers to it. The best answers to the question will then be published in a subsequent issue of AKF. Jay hopes that all committee members will supply Ellen with positive input. Zoo Keeping as a Career Video — Joanie Stinson brought some examples of video programs produced by her connection in Phoenix who works with a public television station and is willing to produce a program about the zoo keeping profession in conjunction with the Public Education Committee of AAZK. All who saw the video tapes were very impressed with the qual- ity and felt assured that a good job would be done on ”our” video. Joanie will soon begin outlining the content of such a tape and then begin work- ing on a more detailed script. A budget for the Public Education Committee of $100 was approved for 1987. 366 AN OVERVIEW OF THE 1986 BOARD OF DIRECTORS MEETING, ConUnaad PUBLIC RELATIONS LIAISON - written report submitted by Tim Kurkowski The Public Relation Liaison acts as an aid to the Administrative Secre- tary of AAZK. The liaison answers letters concerning careers in zoo keeping with a personal touch from a keeper-oriented standpoint and background. A budget of $10 was approved for 1987. AAZPA LIAISON TO AAZK - report submitted by Brandy Pound Brandy Pound reported that she considers the AAZK/AAZPA Liaison, now in its second year, to be an important and productive connection between the two organizations. She has been able to make many connections be- tween people working on similar projects in both organizations and has been pleased to receive calls and letters from members of both organi- zations seeking information. She gave a short report on the projects of the AAZPA Public Education Committee including their particular empha- sis on that committee's role in conservation education. She concluded by thanking the Board for their encouragement and cooperation. ANNUAL CONFERENCES - report submitted by Steven Wing Steven Wing reported that dates of the 1987 Conference will be October 3-8 in Milwaukee, WI . Rooms will be available at the Sheraton Mayfair for around $50. He is working with different airlines to find reduced rates on air travel . AAZK STICKERS - report submitted by Rosemary Jalink In November of 1985, it was decided that the Appalachian Chapter, Mill Mountain Zoo in Roanoke, VA, would assume the sticker project from the Memphis Chapter. The Appalachian Chapter, as of August, 1986, had sold 52 large stickers and 31 small stickers. It was requested that their Chapter check on the availability of having decals printed also. AAZK T-SHIRTS - report submitted by Jannet Meade The Little Rock Chapter took over the AAZK t-shirts project at the end of July. It was reported the t-shirts would remain at $7.00 each with postage included. It was approved by the Board for the Chapter to check on the availability of having sweatshirts made. AAZK BELT BUCKLES - report submitted by Terri Schuerman This project has gone through a complete reorganization by the San Diego Chapter. Terri Schuerman was chosen as the new chairperson for this pro- ject. The Chapter is selling its second batch of belt buckles. It was approved for Terri to check about the availability of making a smaller buckle. AAZK COFFEE MUGS - report submitted by Steven Wing Steveji Wing reported that the coffee mugs have been a huge success. His Chapter will be ordering a second shipment of coffee mugs. BASEBALL CAPS - no report submitted Baseball caps are still available through the Atlanta Chapter. 367 AN OVERVIEW OF THE 1986 BOARD OF DIRECTORS MEETING, Continued AAZK LICENSE PLATES - no report submitted Linda Anstandig will be the new chairperson for this project. She is at the Detroit Zoo. KEEPER CARE BUTTONS - no report submitted Larry Sammarco at Lincoln Park reported that the Keeper Care Buttons will be available once again after the first of the year. PROPOSALS - It was decided by the Board that in the event an Ethics Com- mittee should need to be appointed, an Ad Hoc Committee would be desig- nated by the Board. The Board approved having the Trimble Video Company videotape our paper sessions at the Winnipeg National Conference. The Trimble Video Company was unable to provide the membership with video tape programs of the paper sessions held during the 1986 AAZK National Conference in Winnipeg. Due to many unforeseen technical problems the taping of these sessions did not allow the company to sell the program to the membership. The Board approved endorsing Mark de Denus ' game "Zooquest". Mr. de Denus was asked by the Board if it would be possible to enclose a membership brochure in the game. He agreed to do this. Logo and endorsement on the front of the game was approved by the Board. The acquisition of a computer for National Headquarters was discussed. After much discussion Susan Chan requested the Board to check in their respective areas for a demonstration of the equipment National is propos- ing. They will report back to National Headquarters in the near future. It was decided and approved that National Headquarters will pay for regis- tration to the AAZK National Conference for Board members. It was suggested that Board members meet in Topeka at least once a year. It was decided this may not be feasible, but perhaps a conference call could be worked out. Jean Hromadka requested that if anyone knew of a person who would be interested in writing grant proposals to help the Association locate additional funds to let her know. Jean Hromadka and Frank Kohn will be working with graphic artist friends to redesign our letterhead. Minutes of the 1986 AAZK General Membership Meeting This meeting was held on 2 October, 1986, and was called to order by President Jean Hromadka at 1:30 p.m. President Hromadka gave a report of the Association's status and committee/project heads gave brief reports on their activities and future plans. Two By-laws changes were voted on by the membership. Under Article III, Section 2, the following revision shall be included: "No one serving on this committee shall be nominated to run for a National Board position." 368 AN OVERVIEW OF THE 1986 AAZK BOARD OF DIRECTORS MEETING, Continued A change was also made in Article VII, Section 10 concerning Allocation of Funds. This section of the by-law will now read as follows: "Any funds generated by a National Conference which remain after costs will be split equally by the host Chapter and the National Association. " "Any Chapter product which uses the AAZK logo and/or is marketed nationally must receive prior approval from the Board of Directors." "Any Chapter project which is identified with the National Association by name or logo and is marketed on a national basis must receive prior approval from the Board of Directors." "All profits made on such products previously approved by the Board of Directors must be split equally between the Chapter and the National Association." "Chapter products not using the 'National AAZK Rhino Logo' may be marketed at National Animal Conferences without any split of profits.' Bids to host the 1988 AAZK National Conference were presented by the Tucson Chapter and the Burnet Park Zoo Chapter. The membership voted to accept Tucson's bid to host in 1988. The 1986 AAZK Excellence in Zoo Keep- ing and Meritorious Achievement Awards were presented by Awards Committee Chairperson Rachel Rogers. The AKF Excellence in Journalism Awards were presented by Managing Editor Susan Chan. The meeting was adjourned at 3:30 p.m. to reconvene in Milwaukee in 1987. •V 369 OBSERVATIONS ON MUSTH IN THE CAPTIVE ASIAN BULL ELEPHANT (E^&pto By Jmn H^omadka, Ke.cpeA San Vd-ego [jJdZd AnimaZ VoAk E^aondldo, CA ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to observe and record the physiological as well as psychological changes that occur in our male Asian elephant dur- ing his annual musth period. For the past three years our male has ex- perienced the effects of musth during the same three months which always begin in May and ends by August. A complete behavioral change takes place starting from his approach towards man and elephant which eventual- ly ends with him in a weakened physical state. Many physical changes develop over the course of this musth cycle which help define what stage of the cycle he has entered. Appetite loss, lack of activity and even personal hygiene are just a few examples that are grossly affected dur- ing this period. These as well as other behavioral changes will be dis- cussed further and compared to the most recent musth cycle which took place over 1986. INTRODUCTION Most mature male Asian elephants ( EZo^pka^ maX-uniU ] annually experience the phenomenon commonly referred to a musth. This condition is charac- terized by episodes of aggressive behavior, a continuous drainage from the temporal glands which is later followed by urine dribbling insurgent- ly from the penis. The musth cycle can last anywhere from a couple of days to several months. Much is still unknown about musth except that the bull elephant suffers many menatl and physical changes, especially in their aggressive temperament towards anything in their path. Over 90% of adult bull elephants in good physical condition will come into musth once a year for over a two to three month period (Jainudeen, McKay, Eisenberg, 1972). In Ceylon, the most common time for the bulls to enter musth is January-April and August-November , but this condition can occur anytime of the year. Some believe that musth is a form of sexual activ- ity, like a rutting season, although bull elephants will frequently breed before entering musth cycles (Jainudeen, et al, 1971). The male observ- ed in this study never showed any signs of interest towards the females during his musth period, mainly because his condition was unsubstantial. This paper will attempt to describe some of those physical and mental changes this male experienced and which altered his entire behavioral pattern . METHODS The study was performed on a 20-year-old, captive Asian bull elephant housed at the San Diego Wild Animal Park, San Pasqual, San Diego County, California. He was observed in his bull yard which is an outdoor daytime, oval-shaped enclosure. This exhibit coverd an area of 9,000 square feet and is surrounded by a ten-foot high concrete wall. The yard is divided into two sections which can be separated into two secluded yards by a hydraulic gate. In the bottom half of his enclosure is an eight-foot high gate separating the bull from the cow yard. Plates were removed from the gate to allow the bull to interact with the cows on the days he was isolated from the herd. He had access to a small bathing pool 370 OBSERVATIONS ON MUSTH IN THE CAPTIVE ASIAN BULL ELEPHANT, Continued located on the upper half of his yard which was kept full of fresh water on a daily basis. In the evenings he was shifted into his bull barn where he spent the night unrestrained. Observations were made through- out the day starting from morning release until late afternoon when he was put inside the night facility. A total of twenty minutes a day for a total of thirty-three days, were spent observing and recording behavior. OBSERVATIONS The male, Ranchipur, has now entered his fourth musth cycle. Every year this period would begin in early May and usually start to decline by August even though post musth has been recorded in the previous years to extend into November. I have divided the musth cycle into four stages: non-musth, pre-musth, full musth, and post-musth. During each of these stages different behaviors were either present or on the decline. Non-Musth This was the period just before the male was to begin to enter his annual musth cycle. For the past three years not much behavioral change was noted except that he began to display slight aggression and occasionally keepers were able to detect a strange odor in his barn on certain morn- ings. This year was the first time the male seemed less aware of the cows when exhibited with them, but showed more awareness of a keeper being in the yard. He also displayed unexpected aggression towards some of his least favorite cows as if he were irritable about something. These periods of aggrssion lasted for only short intervals. Pre-Musth During this stage, the male’s temporal glands were beginning to swell. He also displayed more aggression towards man and elephant. Shortly after the temporal glands began to swell, a slight discharge (clear and faintly odorous) was detected, especially when releasing Ranchi into his bull yard. During this phase, he was separated from the cows though he could still visit at the gate where some panels had been removed. The drainage at this time is only seen about 5-lOcm away from the temporal glands. Sometimes only one gland is found to be active at the start of his musth period, but usually the other gland soon follows. There has also been discovered a thick, brown oosing from his temporal glands at the beginning stages of temporal drainage which later changed to the clear fluid during a musth cycle from a previous year. The male is a bit nervous and unsure of his approach at this time. There is also a loss in appetite through not extreme, and interest in personal hygiene are still present as he continues giving himself regular dustings, mud baths and daily plunges in his pool. He also spent a large part of his day at the gate interacting with the females and appeared more aggressive with each passing day. Full Musth Many changes occur during this phase and some of the behaviors noted above become more extreme. Temporal drainage begins to emerge as a milky-white fluid which exudes all the way down to his mouth, eventually turning his whole face black. This also marks the beginning of urine dribbling. At first it is more obvious in the morning hours but then seems to slow down by the afternoon. After a few days of this the urine dribbling increases to a steady flow which remains at that rate until he enters the next stage. The male’s body odor is much stronger now, par- 371 OBSERVATIONS OF MUSTH IN THE CAPTIVE ASIAN BULL ELEPHANT, Contlnuo^d t Tally from temporal drainage and from his urine-stained legs. He spends less time bathing and dusting. The amount of time interacting with the cows also decreases and when he does visit at the gate, most of the ex- change is aggressive. Even when cows are not present at the gate, he will lean into it pushing it with his tusks. More time is spent by him- self rocking under his shade tarp. He rubs his temporal glands and sprays dust on them periodically, as if they cause him great irritation. We have also observed him opening and closing his mouth as if his jaws were stiff, probably to relieve some pressure. As he loses weight, his physical and mental condition is weakened. During the early stages of full musth, the male comes out of the bull barn wide-eyed and agitated, but as he is pulled deeper into the musth cycle, the more disoriented and lethargic he becomes . Post-Musth As soon as a bull elephant discontinues the urine dribbling, he is con- sidered to be out of musth. Temporal drainage can continue for a few more weeks, even months later, while everything else is making a comeback. Appetite increases as does his interest in the cows; personal hygiene routines and following his keepers’ commands all start to improve grad- ually. Aggression levels drop and as he slowly regains weight and strength his mental outlook improves. Soon he is back to his normal behavior pat- terns, eating habits and activity level. Characteristics Associated With Musth The following have been observed in the male elephant in the four dif- ferent stages of his musth cycle: (1) Aggression - This behavior was found in all stages of musth. It started out in the non-musth stage as being only slightly apparent that the bull was beginning to enter his annual musth cycle. As he grew closer to the height of musth, the more agonistic he became. This is the single most important factor that makes it so dangerous to work around a mature bull during musth. As the cycle declines so does the aggression which is never completely absent in an adult bull elephant. (2) Temporal Swelling - The temporal glands do not begin to swell until the pre-musth stage. During full musth the glands are so swollen that sometimes sores develop which can cause infection to set in. The temporal swelling appears to cause some pain and discomfort which is why they continuously rub and dust this area. Even though the end of the musth cycle is considered finished when the urine dribbling stops, the temporal glands may still be swollen for some weeks or even months later. (3) Temporal Drainage - The temporal glands begin to drain in the pre- musth stage sometimes starting with a brown or off-white thick substance which is exuded in the earlier stages. Occasionally only one gland will drain but by full musth both glands are draining pro- fusely. In pre-musth, a clear fluid is found draining on only one part of the face, but by full-musth a milky-white fluid is observed seeping all the way down the mouth eventually turning the whole face black. Again the temporal drainage can continue months after the musth cycle is considered complete. 372 OBSERVATIONS OF MUSTH IN THE CAPTIVE ASIAN BULL ELEPHANT, Continued (4) Urine Dribbling - This single characteristic marks the start of the full musth cycle and as soon as this behavior ceases, the musth period is considered complete. At first, the dribbling is seen mainly in the morning hours and appears to taper off a bit by after- noon. Eventually the urine dribbling is trickling at a steady rate where it will remain until the end of the musth period when gradually the flow slows down until there is nothing at all. (5) Body Odors - During the musth cycle the temporal glands and the genital region from where the urine is dribbling are both responsible for giving off strong odors. As he nears the height of musth, less attention is given to bathing which causes him to smell worse. (6) Rubbing - The bull is observed rubbing his temporal region during pre-musth, full musth and post-musth. The temporal swelling does irritate the male especially if sores have developed around the area. There is a theory that male elephants rub their temporal glands on objects to mark their territory and captive bulls instinctively are exhibiting this behavior (Short et al., 1967; Eisenberg, McKay and Jainudeen, 1971). (7) Appetite Loss - This gradual lack of interest in food usually is distinguished during the height of musth. The bull continues to eat fairly well is all the other stages except the one mentioned above. This poor intake of food is also responsible for the weakened state of body and mind. (8) Personal Hygiene - The bull continues to bathe and dust himself dur- ing all phases of musth but he seems to do it the least when in full musth. Instead of exerting a lot of energy trying to stay cool by dusting and bathing, the male tends to stand in shady areas and moves around as little as possible. (9) Inactivity - The bull remains fairly active until full musth when he was observed spending very little time eating, grooming or inter- acting with man or elephant. Normally after the urine dribbling stopped his interest level returns and he can be approached shortly thereafter. Most of his time during full musth was spent swaying steadily under the shade tarp. (10) Social Interactions - Interactions with both man and elephant were aggressive in the beginning stages but as he reached full musth he did not attempt to make too much contact with either. On the other hand, if he was approached he usually responded in an agitated man- ner. As he comes out of musth he again becomes more receptive to his keepers and the other elephants. DISCUSSION Many physical and pyschological changes occurred during Ranchipur's annual musth period. Once again the cycle began in May and has always declined by the end of August. Before he actually came into musth, he was already exhibiting some signs of irritability out in the main yard towards some of his least favorite cows. Since this was the first year he was exhibited with the cows, I was curious to note any behavioral changes toward elephants or keepers. He did in fact display more aggres- sion, especially toward the keeper staff, in the earlier stages of musth. This was acted out by his stalking and then eventually rushing toward any keeper who walked by his exhibit when he was first isolated from the 373 OBSERVATIONS OF MUSTH IN THE CAPTIVE ASIAN BULL ELEPHANT, Continued herd and kept in the bull yard. When he was removed from the main herd he almost immediately came into pre-musth whereupon temporal drainage resumed. He spent most of his day at the gate interacting with the fe- males but did not allow himself time in the day to eat, bathe and explore his enclosure. Over a week after pre-musth began he was observed drain- ing a milky-white fluid from his temporal glands which was quickly fol- lowed by urine dribbling. Less and less time was spent on eating, bath- ing and interaction with the females grew' less frequent but more aggres- sive. Eventually his food consumption had dropped to half his normal amount and he was spending most of his day standing or swaying under any available shade in his yard. Rubbing and dusting his temporal regions still is practiced for this is one characteristic that seems to cause him the most discomfort. The keeper staff has been bathing him on a regular basis which he appears not only to enjoy but which also keeps the body odors excreted from the temporal glands and genital region down to a reasonable level. During full musth Ranchipur is not observed un- sheathing his penis to urinate which is apparently unnecessary because of the constant, uncontrollable dribbling of urine. Defecation is also minimal because of his decrease of food intake. In the past Ranchipur has always gradually come out of musth after a period of three months. At the end of his musth cycle his mental and physical condition were in a weakened state. Once the urine dribbling stopped, his musth cycle is at an end even though he has continued to drain from his temporal glands well into November. Gradually his appetite returns to normal and his activity level increases. Interactions between elephants and keepers are once again satisfactory and the bull's individual personality is once again present. SUMMARY The phenomenon of musth was observed and recorded on our 20-year-old Asian bull elephant. Many physical as well as psychological changes appeared to follow the same pattern although more aggression was noted this year towards his caretakers (possibly due to the introduction of our breeding program). For the first time he was allowed to roam freely among eight female elephants all of which are breeding age. After almost a year of sharing the same exhibit with female elephants and eventually success- fully impregnating one of them, Ranchipur 's annual musth cycle reoccurred. All his behavior patterns were altered. He eventually lost interest in food, grooming and if there was interaction with keepers or elephants, it was usually aggressive in nature. The temporal glands enlarged and drained, the constant flow of urine dribbled and the body odors given off from both these physical changes indicated his state of full-fledged musth. By the end of the cycle his physical /mental states were weakened but were soon restored after the urine dribbling ceased marking the end of the cycle. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am grateful to Dr. James Dolan Jr., Curator, for allowing me to con- duct my research at the San Diego Wild Animal Park. To my supervisor, Alan Roocroft, Animal Training Supervisor, who not only helped me obtain the information but encourages and inspires me to strive for excellence as an elephant keeper. To my instructor who helped guide me through this Animal Behavior course. Finally, I would like to thank the Zoological Society of San Diego for hiring me as one of their Asian Elephant keepers- a privilege for which I will always be grateful. 374 OBSERVATIONS OF MUSTH IN THE CAPTIVE ASIAN BULL ELEPHANT, ConUnued REFERENCES Eisenberg, J.F., G.M. McKay and M*R, Jainudeen (1971): Reproductive Behavior of the Asiatic Elephant ( EZephcu ma)umu6 maximaAt , ) . Behavior 38, 193-225, Jainudeen, M.R. , G.M, McKay and J.F, Eisenberg (1971): Observations on Musth in the Domesticated Asiatic Elephant [Et king ton, VC The AAZPA Zoological Park and Aquariums Fundamentals defines zoos as cen- ’ ters of education, entertainment, conservation and research (Sausman, 1982).; The general public is well aware of the entertainment values of zoos and aquariums. Although education often occurs without the public's full real- ization that they are being taught, and conservation is what many people believe zoos are for, research still lags behind in many zoos as a major focus of its activities. Hediger (1964) wrote that: "The zoological garden should not be solely a place for the amusement and entertainment of the public; it has also a duty of acting as a center of popular education and is then bound to keep up with research and to take ! an active part in it." (p . 169) | Findlay and Maple (1986) surveyed 120 zoos and discovered that the larger, expanding zoos are most oriented towards research activities. Regardless of the size of zoos, they all should incorporate a degree of research goals into their priorities. When the National Zoological Park was first established by an act of Con- gress in 1889, part of the original mandate for the park established it "for the advancement of science" (Hollister, 1925). At the time many zoos in the United States were entertainment centers, a place for people to spend their Sunday afternoons gazing at strange beasts. Today the National i Zoological Park is relatively unique among zoos, in that is has a separate | research department and collection. Staffed by three full-time keepers, a technician, and a research mammalogist, the collection exists expressly for the purpose of maintaining many individuals of many species for diversified research purposes. While other zoos may maintain a separate research de- partment, The NZP's Department of Zoological Research is separate from the exhibit collection, closed to the public and carries out multiple levels of research simultaneously. The department's structure offers a three tiered approach to research utilizing a diversified staff of profession- als spanning multiple disciplines and resulting in a more complete account or holistic picture of the collection species. The resulting information surpasses basic animal husbandry. In this paper I will summarize the department's history, outline the bas- ics of the department's focus, and detail its three tiered philosophy to research. In particular, the contributons which the department allows its keeper staff to make will be stressed. The formal organization of a "science" department at the zoo occurred al- most 80 years after the zoo's creation, when in 1965 the Department of Zoological Research (DZR) , then known as the Division of Scientific Re- search, took up residence in the Lion House basement. John Eisenberg was named the resident scientist, Eugene Maliniak, a keeper at the zoo for 15 years, was named his assistant; and one secretary was delegated to the ! newly formed section. At the time the department's collection included V; 376 A THREE-TIERED PHILOSOPHY TO ZOO RESEARCH, ConUnuzd fanaloka (Fo-6-6(X , ringtail mongoose [GatlcLla ^ZzgayU) ) , several Ma/mo^a species, and 25 specimens of seven species of tenrecs. These were the subject of initial studies in thermoregulation and hibernation in tenrec genera. The department also boasted the second of only two speci- mens of Fossa { Crypto p^O eta ^eAOxj ever exhibited in the Unites States. Over the next five years, the collection acquired mouse lemurs, a large number of caviomorph rodents, moon rats, pacarana, solenodon, and various marsupials. The department collaborated with World Wildlife Fund and the Smithsonian Office of Ecology on a research project on the ecology and behavior of Ceylonese elephants, a project which continues today. Staff grew to include five scientists as well as numerous visiting scholars. Quarters expanded to include an additional room in the lion house as well as two rooms in the reptile house to hold the collection offices and re- search labs. A new 10,000 square foot building located off public grounds was completed in 1970. More than half of this new structure’s space was devoted to animal facilities and support services. This building is today's research facility. Three-quarters of the building space was devoted to DZR while the remaining one-quarter was divided between the Departments of Animal Health and Pathology. This large facility allowed the collection to in- crease and include nine caviomorph rodent genera and twelve marsupial species . Soon after this new building was completed and inhabitated, the department further expanded in activity and space. Devra Klelman, now assistant director in charge of research, was hired as reproduction zoologist. Cli- mate control rooms were installed to accomodate tropical and arid species. Research with scientists at the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI) on Barro Colorado Island was also Initiated. In 1975, several species of bats were obtained and bred, and behavioral studies expanded to include bird behavior. Another building, over 2000 square feet in size, was completed adjacent to the main structure to hold the zoo's population of Golden Lion Tamar ins. The zoo's Conservation & Research Center in Front Royal, VA became involved with DZR with the in- itiation of the South American Wild Canid project which studied bushdogs, crab-eating foxes and maned wolves. By 1976 the department had a staff of twelve. Aside from its in-house research, DZR participated in field studies on howler monkeys, caiman crocodiles and pond turtles in Venezuela, harbor seals in Maine and toeque macaques in Sri Lanka. The birth of the 100th Golden lion tamarin at DZR was celebrated in 1978 and was marked by the shipment of 20 of the primates to other zoos. The project was initially designed to increase genetic diversity with the hope of reintroducing the species to the wild. In 1983, the ultimate goal of the Golden Lion Tamarin project was realized when the tamarins from the zoo's DZR collection were released into the Pocas das Antas reserve in Brazil. While the department grew and became more organized, scholars offering experience in different disciplines worked at the zoo making use of the facilities and its ability to maintain species unavailable at most aca- demic institutions. This practice continues today with over 70 collabora- tive projects underway between the zoo and other institutions. Miles Roberts became research mammalogist in 1982. Under his guidance and supervision, projects on life history and management of prehensile- 377 A THREE-TIERED PHILOSOPHY TO ZOO RESEARCH, ConUnued tailed porcupines, punares, western tarsiers and elephant shrews have I been published and the zoo’s nutrition lab has become part of DZR. ■ Today the department’s permanent staff consists of eight scientists, two I technicians, three keepers and three administrative personnel, but it is supplemented by about twenty other scientists working on grants or other funding. Major projects on the department’s collection include life his- tory and husbandry of ringtail possums and sugar gliders, behavior of western tarsiers, and energetic studies of pregnancy and lactation in selected insectivore, marsupial and rodent species. j The zoo’s program revolves around the principle of diversity according to Dr. Kleiman. The more disciplines being studied on any given species the more information may be learned about it and the better it may be managed. But the primary goal according to Roberts (1985) is to gain as much in- formation on management and husbandry of a species as quickly as possible and in a systematic manner in order to define captive management techniques. Not just behavioral topics are studied. Aside from the projects mentioned above, other biological issues such as physiological, medical, genetic, reproductive, anatomical, nutritional, metabolic and pathological questions are all studied at DZR. Over the past 21 years, over 2900 individuals made up of 42 families of j 124 species of mammals and birds have been maintained in the collection i (See Table 1). The tenure of each species at DZR averaged four and a half years in order to detail longevity, reproduction and behavioral aspects ' by the basic animal collection staff. Specialized studies by the staff requiring submitted proposals include projects on metabolic rates, lacta- | tion, and reproductive physiology. Species are chosen: 1) to establish a self-sustaining captive population I and answer basic management and husbandry questions, 2) for their use as models in theoretical and applied problems, or 3) for comparative studies (Roberts , 1985) . | The philosophy of the department focuses on and allows for three levels of I research to occur simultaneously. Keeper staff pursues basic management j and husbandry at level one. The research mammalogist, staff and interns ' at level two study life history with the keeper staff aiding in procedure and data collection. Level three involves pre and post-doctoral students i and scientists who concern themselves with theoretical issues and topics peripherally related to basic care yet central to understanding and manag- : ing the collection. Level one and two are carried out and regularly cross- ed by both parties involved. The same occurs between levels two and three. | In fact, occasionally levels one and three work together in the execution of the basic work necessary for the level three project. | The key to the success of the in-house collection is the keeper staff. |; In 1973, ’’special efforts were made to involve keepers in the collection i of behavioral data.” (Annual Reports 1973-1975). Today keepers rotate through three different lines, each line lasting one week. Routine keeper ■ duties include scrubbing all substrates within an animal’s enclosure, treating sick or injured animals, and preparing daily diets. A technician oversees the entire collection under the supervision of the research mam- malogist. The technician is responsible for moving animals, setting up I breeding encounters, discussing medical problems with the vet staff, main- taining all records, and also must work closely with the keepers. The technician substitutes for absent keepers so that all four collection i 378 A THREE-TIERED PHILOSOPHY TO ZOO RESEARCH, ConUnued workers have regular contact with the animals and do not stay with any one group longer than a week. This way keepers are aware of what every- one else within the unit is working with through the technician and their daily exchanges with researchers working with the collection. While basic checksheets used at most zoos are useful and important, a wealth of incidental information is lost because of lack of time or simple prompting of the keeper staff. Data collection at DZR is facilitated by cage cards for each animal. Cards are color coded for each taxonomic order. Each card (see Figure 1) records events in each animal’s life for one month at a time and has appropriate categories that prompt keepers to note any- thing that may be unusual for a particular animal. The card system also serves to alert a keeper to a medical treatment or diet change. A keeper can glance at a card as he is checking on an animal and determine if changes need to be made in the animal's diet or enclosure based on a short note on the card indicating an animal's condition. The old system (see Figure 2) had no real standard for information collection and only recorded events which individual keepers thought were important. Hence each keeper may have had different ideas as to what to record and useful management infor- mation may have been lost. With our present system, a consistent notation on all aspects of an animal's condition is simplified by placing an X in the appropriate category along with a brief explanation and followed by the keeper's initial for accountability. A major activity in the weekly routine of the keeper staff is weighing all animals. Weighing allows growth data to be collected easily and also allows us to gather other information regularly. Weights can then be checked by a quick glance at the card for trends which might indicate prob- lems or changes in the animal's condition (e.g. pregnancy). The notation G for gain, L for loss and S for same allow the staff to quickly spot trends in animal weights so that appropriate modifications in diet or environment may be made. Supplemented by log books and checksheets for specific ob- servations not found on the card, a maximum amount of information is col- lected regularly in a minimum amount of time. Bulk data on many indivi- duals of one species can be collected in an active and passive manner. The weights are actively recorded but are not analyzed until time is available and enough data has been collected. This may occur years after the arrival of a species to DZR. Birth and death reports supplement cage card infor- mation and include measurements of animals. This information may reveal trends such as male aggression toward newborn animals and subsequent changes in keeper protocol such as the removal of males from cages prior to parturi- tion in some species. Keepers and technicians also work closely and regularly on special projects such as checking pouches of marsupials for births, and monitoring growth and development of pouch young. By allowing keepers to pursue management and husbandry questions, and organize and write papers, the research mammalogist and other research staff can study "second and third order" questions related to life history and theoretical issues. For example, Steve Thompson is a post-doctoral scientist at the zoo study- ing metabolism and energetics on several collection species. He removes an animal from its enclosure and places it in a chamber where a constant temperature is maintained. Once the animal has reached a resting state it remains in the chamber for about an hour so that its metabolic rate may be determined. Air is passed into the chamber and the animal's rate of 379 A THREE-TIERED PHILOSOPHY TO ZOO RESEARCH, ConXlnuzd oxygen consumption is determined. Oxygen used reflects the animal’s rate of energy use. By comparing the results recorded on a graph to a standard measure, Thompson can interpret an animal's relative metabolic rate. When he returns the animal to its enclosure, he weighs it, a job normally per- formed by the keeper staff. Thus, since Thompson removes the animal from its enclosure and possibly disrupts the keeper’s routine, he shortens the routine by performing the keeper’s task. Keepers also often work with and around Thompson such as cleaning an animal’s cage when Thompson has removed the animal for a metabolic trial. Thompson also monitors metabolic rate as it changes with ambient tempera- ture within the metabolic chamber. He can then tell the keeper staff what temperature not to keep an animal at. A temperature too hot or too cold could affect an animal’s physiology such as it activity or reproductive ability. Changes in the animal’s rate of metabolism may also indicate if an animal is pregnant, a condition which is sometimes detectable by weight but harder to detect by weight in marsupials. The greatest benefit of the research staff working closely with the keepers is the direct and immediate exchange of information from the researchers to the keepers. Rather than waiting for published papers in journals, the keepers can adjust their animal care protocol based on the data col- lected by the researchers soon after the studies have been completed. The animal’s condition and health are the ultimate benefactors in this arrange- ment . Thompson works at the third level; Roberts, the research mammalogist, pur- sues questions about life history with keepers and students at the second level; while keepers and technicians work on weekly weighing, growth and development and any other measures related to basic day to day animal care. The point is that research occurs continuously at different levels, and each level may exploit many aspects of the animal’s biology during its life and following its death. By maintaining the collection and analyzing the data obtained we may learn a more complete biology of a species in a shorter time than might be col- lected in all zoos holding only a few individuals of a particular species. Since the DZR is not on view to the public, we do not need aesthetically pleasing enclosures and can concentrate on providing exclusively for the species’ biological needs. But the information obtained in our setting can later be applied to zoos desiring the species and save them the time to determine proper exhibit parameters to maximally display the animal actively. Future plans for DZR include the renovation of the present Hospital/Re- search Facility which would turn the entire structure over to DZR. Three large main animal holding rooms are planned along with three climate con- trol rooms, more complete keeper kitchen facilities, total overhaul of the heating, ventilation and air conditioning system, the inclusion of a fully equipped nutrition laboratory and several other labs for various purposes . The amount of information produced by DZR has been great. The reintroduc- tion of the golden lion tamarins into their native habitat was only the second such reintroduction of a species propagated in captivity. The knowledge we gained from the golden lion tamarin project provided us with groundwork for similar attempts with related species. 380 A THREE-TIERED PHILOSOPHY TO ZOO RESEARCH, ConUna^d In 1986 DZR obtained two pairs of golden-headed lion tamarin as part of a collaborative program with two U.S. zoos and two Brazilian facilities. The goal of this acquisition is to replicate the success achieved with the golden lion tamarin project and reintroduce the golden-headed back into the wild. As the keeper staff develops its research skills, and with success with the population of NZP golden-headed lion tamarins, even more information may be collected than had been on the Golden Lion project. Such a scenario can only motivate other facilities to allow their keepers similar opportunities and ultimately benefit research on zoo collections worldwide. REFERENCES Burghardt, G.M. Behavioral research on common animals in small zoos. In Research in Zoos & Aquariums 1975. National Academy of Sciences. Washington, DC. pp . 103-133. Crockett, C. & Hutchins, M. 1978. Applied Behavioral Research at the Woodland Park Zoological Gardens. Pika Press, Seattle, WA. Eisenberg, J.F. Design & administration of zoological research programs. In Research In Zoos & Aquariums 1975. National Academy of Sciences, Wash., D.C. pp. 12-18. Finlay, T.W. & Maple, T.L. 1986. A survey of research in American zoos & aquariums. ZOO BIOLOGY. 5(3). 261-268. Goodwin, L.G. Scientific work of the Zoological Society of London. In Research in Zoos & Aquariums. 1975. National Academy of Sciences, Wash., D.C. pp. 22-29. Hediger, H. 1964. Wild Animals in Captivity. Dover Pub. Inc., New York. Hediger,. 1970. Man & Animal in the Zoo. Routledge & Kegan Paul, London. Hollister, 1925. Animal in the National Zoological Park. Smithsonian Report for 1923. Government Printing Office, Wash., D.C. pp 291-338. Laughlin, D.C. The role of research in smaller zoos. In Research in Zoos & Aquariums 1975 Academy of Sciences, Wash., D.C. pp. 19-21. Research in Zoos and Aquariums 1975. Academy of Sciences, Wash., D.C. Roberts, M. 1985. Goals of Animal Collection Program at DZR. Intra-zoo memo. Sausman, K. (Ed,). 1982. Zoological Park and Aquarium Fundamentals. American Association of Zoological Parks & Aquariums, Wheeling, W.Va. Annual reports of the National Zoological Park. 1966-1975. 381 A THREE-TIERED PHILOSOPHY TO ZOO RESEARCH, tonUnazd TABLE 1 SPECIES MAINTAINED IN DZR COLLECTION 1965 - 1986 Common Name Scientific Name Total MARSUPIALIA DIDELPHIDAE Black-shouldered opossum Caluromysiops irrupta 2 Eour-eyed opossum Philander opossum 8 Water opossum Chironectes minimus 6 Woolly opossum Calyuromys lanatus 4 Murine opossum Marmosa sp. 27 Short bare-tailed opossum Monodelphis domestica 289 MICROBIOTHERIIDAE El monito del monte Dromiciops australis 2 DASYURIDAE Boad-footed marsupial mouse Antechinus melanurus 1 Yellow-footed marsupial rat Antechinus stuarti 5 Crest-tailed marsupial mouse Dasycereus cristicauda 3 Spotted-tailed native cat Dasyurops maculatus 3 Australian native cat Dasyurus viverrinus 2 New Guinea tiger cat Dasyurus albopunctatus 1 Tasmanian devil Sarcophilus harrissii 4 Crest-tailed marsupial rat Dasyuroides byrnei 14 Narrow-footed marsupial mouse Sminthopsis macrura 45 Kultarr Antechinomys laniger 4 Long-legged jumping marsupial Antechinomys spenceri 3 PERAMELIDAE New Guinean spiny bandicoot Echymipera rufescens 4 Short nosed bandicoot Isoodon macrourus 12 PHANLANGERIDAE Brush-tailed possum Trichosurus vulpecula 2 Scaly-tailed possum Wyulata squamicaudata 2 Cuscus Phalanger orientalis 2 PETAURIDAE Sugar glider Petaurus breviceps 17 Common ringtail possum Pseudocheirus peregrinus 36 MACROPODIDAE Matschie's Tree Kangaroo Dendrolagus matscheii 3 Swamp wallaby Wallabia bicolor 1 INSECTIVORA ERINACEIDAE Moon rat Echinosorex gymnura 1 SOLENODONTIDAE Hispaniolan solenodon Solenodon paradoxurus 9 TENRECIDAE Long-nosed tenrec Microgale longirostris 1 Long-tailed tenrec Microgale thomasi 7 Long-tailed tenrec Microgale talazaci 10 Long-tailed tenrec Microgale dobsoni 11 Common tenrec Tenrec ecaudatus 33 Large Madagascar hedgehog Setifer setosus 15 Streaked tenrec Hemicentetes semispinosus 54 Streaked tenrec Hemicentetes nicriceps 4 Least hedgehog tenrec Echinops telfairi 58 382 A THREE-TIERED PHILOSOPHY TO ZOO RESEARCH, CovvOnazd SORICIDAE House shrew Short-tailed shrew TALPIDAE Eastern mole MACROSCELIDIDAE Checkered elephant shrew Forest elephant shrew East African elephant shrew CHIROPTERA PHYLLOSTOMATIDAE Long-tongued bat Geoffrey's long-nosed bat Short-tailed leaf-nosed bat Short-tailed leaf-nosed bat Mexican fruit bat Neotropical fruit bat PRIMATES LORISIDAE Common potto CHEIROGALEIDAE Mouse lemur TARSIIDAE Western tarsier CALLITHRICIDAE Common marmoset Golden lion tamarin Golden-headed lion tamarin Goeldi's marmoset CEBIDAE Titi monkey Spider monkey EDENTATA CHOLOEPIDAE Two-toed sloth DASYPODIDAE Naked-tailed armadillo Long-nosed armadillo PHOLIDOTA MAN I DAE Malayan pangolin RODENTIA HETEROMYIDAE Least pocket mouse MURIDAE Climbing rat Northern grasshopper mouse Southern grasshopper mouse Burrowing mouse Brown mouse Red-nosed mouse Nesomy s Lesser bamboo rat Suncus murinus 24 Blarina brevicauda 1 Scalopus aquaticus 1 Rhyncocyon chryospygus 1 Petrodromus tetradactyla 9 Elephantulus rufescens 403 Glossophaga soricina Anoura geoffroyi Carollia castanea Carollia perspicil lata 1 Artibeus jamaicensis 1 Artibeus lituratus Perodictus potto Microcebus murina Tarsius bancanus 1 Saguinus oedipus Leontopithicus rosalia 1 Leontopithicus chrysomela Callimico goeldii 1 Callicebus molloch 12 Ateles fusciceps 2 Choloepus didactylus 11 Cabassous centralis 2 Dasypus novemcinctus 1 Manis javanica 1 Perognathus parvus 2 Tylomys nudicaudatus 82 Onychomys leucogaster 3 Onychomys torridus 11 Oxymycterus roberti 16 Scotinomys tequina 11 Wiedomys pyrrhorhinus 29 Nesomys rufa 1 Cannomys badius 18 383 OJ H- ■ H-* A THREE-TIERED PHILOSOPHY TO ZOO RESEARCH. ConUmed Northern pygmy gerbil Australian jumping mouse Spiny mouse Four-striped grass mouse DIPODIDAE Desert jerboa Spiny mouse Four-toed jerboa ERITHIZONTIDAE North American porcupine Prehensile-tailed porcupine CAVIIDAE Rock cavy Lesser patagonian cavy Patagonian cavy Yellow-toothed cavy DINOMYIDAE Pacarana DASYPROCTIDAE Hairy-rumped agouti Acouchy Paca CHINCHILLIDAE Mountain viscacha Chinchilla CAPROMYIDAE Cuban hutia Bahaman hutia Hispaniolan hutia OCTODONTIDAE Degu Pencil-tailed degu Coruro ABROCOMIDAE Chinchilla rat Chinchilla rat ECHYMYIDAE Spiny rat Armored rat Punare CARNIVORA URSIDAE Red panda PROCYONIDAE Ringtail Racoon MUSTELIDAE Short-tailed weasel Common ferret VIVERRIDAE African civet Oriental civet Lesser oriental civet Genet Two-spotted palm civet Palm civet Fanaloka Gerbillus gerbillus 1 Notomys sp. 12 Acomys sp. 4 Rhabdomys pumilio 29 Jaculus blanfori 1 Jaculus orientalis 4 Allactaga elater 3 Erithizon dorsatum 2 Coendou prehensilis 19 Kerodon rupestris 139 Pediolagus salanicola 22 Dolichotis patagonum 3 Galea spixii 5 Dinomys branickii 7 Dasyprocta prymnolopha 2 Myoprocta acouchy 50 Agouti paca 8 Lagidium peruanum 7 Chinchilla laniger 24 Capromys pilorides 14 Capromys ingrahami 6 Plagiodontia aedium 24 Octodon degus 222 Octodontomys gliroides 55 Spalacopus cyanus 4 Abrocoma bennetti 1 Abrocoma cinerea 16 Proechimys semispinosus 60 Hoplomys gymnurus 6 Trichomys apereoides 246 Alirus fulgens 5 Bassariscus astutus 2 Procyon lotor 2 Mustela erminea 1 Mustela putorius 1 Civettictis civetta 2 Viverra zibetha 2 Viverricula indica 1 Genetta genetta 6 Nandinia binotata 1 Paradoxurus hermaphroditu 2 Fossa fossa 2 384 A THREE-TIERED PHILOSOPHY TO ZOO RESEARCH, Con^Unaed Ring-tailed mongoose Galidia elegans 3 Dwarf mongoose Helogale parvula 3 African water civet Atilax paludinosus 1 Fossa Crytoprocta ferox 1 ARTIODACTYLA BOV I DAE 2 Dik-dik Madoqua kirki Total Mammals 2888 BIRDS PASSERIFORMES EMBERIZIDAE Chestnut-sided warbler Dendroica pensylvanica 1 Worm-eating warbler Helmintheros verminivorou 1 Hooded warbler Wilsonia citrinea 11 MUSCAPIDAE Veery Catharus fuscescens 1 MIMIDAE Northern mockingbird Mimus polyglottos 4 Total birds 18 TOTAL ANIMALS 2906 Total Marsupials 502 Total Insectivores 642 Total Chiropterans 336 Total Primates 187 Total Edentates 14 Total Pholidota 1 Total Rodents 1169 Total Carnivores 35 Total Ungulates 2 385 figure 1 Old cage card system used at National Zoo' Department of Zoological Research A THREE-TIERED PHILOSOPHY TO ZOO RESEARCH. Continued t AAZK Con^eAences ujith otheA 6ach job-/Letated 6ong6 tnclucUng "Tatklng Zookeeptng and "Zookeeptng GiAZ”, OuA thanks to OlZte ioA ^honing kt6 talents and gAeat enthiutoMn ivtth iu6 att, ) 409 9 Zooquest® Order Form 785 Buckingham Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3R 1C3 Name Address City Telephone Province/State Postal Code/Zip Code Please rush me Zooquest® game(s). I am enclosing Cheque □ Cash □ Money Order □ for games x $39.95 Can./$28.95 US. = Please allow 4 - 6 weeks for delivery. quantity THE CHALLENGE IS STILL ALIVE ZOOQUESr The maintenance of wild animals in captivity or zookeeping is a pro- fession based on knowledge, experience and common sense. It re- quires patience, dedication and a love and respect for the wildlife of the world. ZOOQUEST takes place in a zoo; each player is a zookeeper. It is a game of adventure, knowledge, and chance. A number of aspects of game-playing are involved - strategy, intellect and luck. As well, a unique feature of ZOOQUEST is its function as a learn- ing resource. Questions and answers about many of the world’s animals provides the player an opportunity to learn about wildlife and stimulates one’s interest and concern for animal life in general. The playing board is a map of a zoo divided into four geographical areas: The Americas, the African Range, the Eurasian Pavilion, and the Australasian Exhibit. Each zoo area has seven threaten- ed or endangered animals representing wildlife of that part of the world. The object of ZOOQUEST is to collect six of the endangered animals. As the player progresses through the various zoo areas with the use of a die, zookeeping tools such as shovels, rakes and capture nets may be collected and used, animal-related situations or scenarios challenge the player to use strategy or make choices, and animal knowledge may be required or helpful. Zooquest® Order Form 785 Buckingham Road, Winnipeg. Manitoba R3R 1C3 Name _ Address City Province/State _ _ Telephone _ Postal Code/Zip Code _ Please rush me Zooquesf’ game(s). I am enclosing Cheque □ Cash □ Money Order □ for games X $39.95 Can./$28.95 US. = Please allow 4 - 6 weeks for delivery. quantity THE CHALLENGE IS STILL ALIVE ZOOQUEST® The maintenance of wild animals in captivity or zookeeping is a pro- fession based on knowledge, experience and common sense. It re- quires patience, dedication and a love and respect for the wildlife of the world. ZOOQUEST takes place in a zoo; each player is a zookeeper. It is a game of adventure, knowledge, and chance. A number of aspects of game-playing are involved - strategy, intellect and luck. As well, a unique feature of ZOOQUEST is its function as a learn- ing resource. Questions and answers about many of the world’s animals provides the player an opportunity to learn about wildlife and stimulates one's interest and concern for animal life in general. The playing board is a map of a zoo divided into four geographical areas: The Americas, the African Range, the Eurasian Pavilion, and the Australasian Exhibit. Each zoo area has seven threaten- ed or endangered animals representing wildlife of that part of the world. The object of ZOOQUEST is to collect six of the endangered animals. As the player progresses through the various zoo areas with the use of a die, zookeeping tools such as shovels, rakes and capture nets may be collected and used, animal-related situations or scenarios challenge the player to use strategy or make choices, and animal knowledge may be required or helpful. THE USE OF LIVE PLANTS IN ANIMAL EXHIBITS By JucUe Ste.e.nbeAg , AititAalcu^n Uyi^ Kn^poA ^oodtand Vcvik loolog-lcat GoAd^yu, Smttlo,, WA INTRODUCTION The use of live plants in animal exhibits has become the rule, rather than the exception, at Woodland Park Zoo. The objectives of this paper are: - to share information on using plants with zoo animals - to show examples of how plants are used at Woodland Park Zoo - to report the results of a short-term Keeper research project on testing plant preference with potoroo ( VotOAUi^ CLp-ic.CiiAJ> ) - to report the status of the Plant Research Project PLANTED EXHIBITS The benefits of planted exhibits are many: -improved environment for the animals -increased activity and naturalistic behavior -improved reproduction in some species -aesthetically pleasing exhibits for public enjoyment -increased awareness that animals are part of a habitat However, the planted exhibit requires a time investment to create a habi- tat, and then to maintain it. In general, it is not as "fast" to clean a planted exhibit in comparison with hosing down a concrete or tile cage... but the benefits far outweigh the additional time spent. Once the exhibit is well-established, routine spot cleaning and upkeep is on a par with cleaning concrete cages. Occasionally major pruning, plant replacement and fertilizing will require additional time. Before planting an exhibit there are several questions that should be answered : What are the objectives - decoration, food, shelter, occupation, or all of the above? What types of plants are to be used - toxic, non-toxic, resistant to insect/disease, geographically correct, with special requirements such as t emp /humid i ty , cost, size and availability? What type of animals are in the exhibit, and how do they use plants food, hiding places/nesting materials, for climbing? MAXI-MINI EXHIBITS Large, aesthetically pleasing, naturalistic exhibits such as the Savanna and gorilla exhibits at Woodland Park are usually what come to mind when discussing the subject of planted exhibits. The MAXI exhibit contains a variety of animals and plants. This type of exhibit is only possible with sufficient space and funds. One of the special things about Woodland Park is that attention has also been given to the smaller, older exhibits. Zookeepers were instrumental in the changeover in many of these exhibits over the past decade. 412 THE USE OF LIVE PLANTS IN ANIMAL EXHIBITS, CowUnu^d The Aviary, small feline exhibits and Australasian exhibits are examples of changing from the old, bare-wired, concrete-floored exhibits, with a I branch here and a stump there, into HABITATS, through the addition of dirt and plants. The older hoofstock exhibits and Australasian yards have also been stead- ily improved by the addition of plants, seeding, and the use of plant protection strategies over the years. Rocks around the base of trees, chain link and electric fences are used in several hoofed stock areas to protect trees. Of special interest are the trees in the mountain goat yard which are not protected. Originally, the trees were protected, for about one year. The fencing was then re- moved to see what the goats would do with their natural food source; it was a gamble, but it worked out quite well. Five years later, the trees have a definite browse line, but remain alive and growing. Time is a major factor; animals do become less interested in, and destructive as they become used to the plants being there. Plant care will vary from one animal species to another. With aviary birds it is necessary to keep droppings cleaned off of the leaves, to prevent leaf-burn. Over -population of the wallaroo/emu yard resulted in over 1/3 of the yard becoming bare ground. It took three years to re- establish the turf. Palatability is a major factor in using plants with marsupials, and small felines literally "play" with the plants in addition to destroying them with frequent scent marking. At Woodland Park, the Keepers take care of the plants within the exhibits, and the Horticulture Crew manages the plants throughout the rest of the Zoo. There is a good working relationship between the Keepers and Horti- culture Staff ; they are called out for help with identifying plants, major pruning, seasonal reseeding, fertilizing, and occasional planting. Not all Keepers are knowledgeable about plants, but we have the benefit of a "Plant Care Manual" which was written especially for the Zoo by Sue Maloney, Zoo Horticulturist. THE PLANTS The majority of the plants we use in the interior exhibits are donations. About every two weeks the zoo van goes to "Interiors in Green", a plant maintenance service company for homes and offices. The plants we receive are no longer "suitable" for their customers and are donated to the zoo. We have picked up as many as six dozen plants on one trip: the plants have ranged in size from a three- inch pot (7.62cm) to a 17-foot (5.2m) F-lciU b^njamZna which was too big for any of their customers and had been on their retail sales floor too long. While there are several companies that could be contacted and, in fact, some that have offered and donated plants, we are limited in what we can accept due to the lack of a green- house for storage of the surplus plants. Take a good look at your zoo - isn’t there one, small exhibit that you could "try" to plant? It can be done with virtually no budget for plant materials. If you were to plant even one small exhibit, you would be surprised at the response of the animals, the zoo visitor, and maybe even yourself. One benefit that hasn’t been mentioned is the pride you feel as a Keeper of animals in planted exhibits. 413 THE USE OF LIVE PLANTS IN ANIMAL EXHIBITS, Continued REALITIES As mentioned earlier .. .plants do take time. If you are already spending all of your time in basic animal care, without any time left over at the end of the day, it isn’t likely that you will have the time or energy to create and care for a planted exhibit. However, another "secret to success" at Woodland Park is the use of volunteer Gardner Aides, both in the ex- hibits and throughout the grounds. The number of Aides has increased steadily over the past few years. There are two other major considerations when planting an exhibit. First, usable space for the animals - unless the animals have access to the plant- ed area you could be reducing their space. While the exhibit will "look good", it might not be in the best interest of the animals. Secondly, be prepared to lose plants at first - replacement plants are going to be needed. Two examples of usable space and needing replacement plants are the Matschie’s tree kangaroo {VendAotac,U6 mcitiClklel} and potoroo exhibits at Woodland Park. Originally, the perimeter of the tree kangaroo exhibit was planted, and the animals were kept away from the plants with an elec- trified fence. Various situations have occurred with two of the animals testing our barrier and succeeding in both eating and breaking plants at various times. A deatiled accounting will be submitted for a future article in Animal Keepers' Forum. However, for the purpose of this article, the following should be noted: - *¥l(iu^ species were preferred as food items - The mature leaves of V-'LCLCCCenCL and various palm species were eaten, but not the stalk, and the plants recovered. - At one point a whole section was unprotected for four months, and plants were not bothered; until we made a slight modification in the area; the plants were destroyed in less than one week. - MaAanta , pldLU) Via , SyngonAJum, Pkllodenduim and kfiaueoJuja were not eaten, despite several opportunities. Branches of kHEjUdOJiAM. were broken due to climbing. Increasing the daily amount and variety of browse fed to the tree kangaroos reduced their interest in the plants. Ficus, willow, escalonia, elm and alder are fed most often. To test the theories that: 1. Animals get used to plants and pay less attention to them as time goes on. 2. An adequate supply of "favored" plant materials will reduce interaction with other plants a four -week long research project was conducted at Woodland Park Zoo this summer . POTOROO PLANT PREFERENCE PROJECT Potoroo inhabit dense undergrowth as well as open woodland and cleared areas. They are nocturnal, use plant materials to build nests, and have a diet of herbage and roots. *This corresponds with reports from Elizabeth Proctor-Grey (1984) on field research in north Queensland, Australia. flc.ii6 are the most preferred food item by Lumholtz tree kangaroos jV, Zumhottzl] . 414 THE USE OF LIVE PLANTS IN ANIMAL EXHIBITS, CoyiUyiiiz.d Keeping live plants in their exhibit was a challenge in several ways: -natural food source -have a habit of hiding under plants (we wanted to keep them visible) -digging and trampling habitats -use plants for nest materials We have been able to keep three Potoroo with approximately 18 live plants in their exhibit area by using several techniques. The research project was conducted to document our findings over the past two years with this species. The report from this project will also be submitted to AKF for publication. Briefly, we tested eight species of plants: Pdtm ^pe.CA.e^, Aglaonma, ScUndap^uA , C-a>6uu>, Spatlvipkytlum , PhAlodmdAon, and Ma/ianta; previous data had been recorded on VAaaaena and Sck2,{f{l-2Aa species. Species of plants were selected based on a previous project conducted by Volunteer Elizabeth Worden over a six-month period; species selected had been both destroyed and ignored by the potoroo. All plants used in the project were selected based on condition, size of pot and size of plant. An effort was made to use the same size and con- dition of a plant species on the four consecutive weeks of the study. The plants were left in pots and sunk into the sand up to the rim. The questions to be answered were: - Which species of plants were preferred? - Which parts of the plant were consumed? - Which potoroo(s) were eating and/or damaging the plants? - What effect would clumps of grass and pieces of turf have on reducing the damage to the potted plants? The interaction of three adult male potoroo with eight species of plants and three each clumps of grass and sections of turf were observed for a period of four weeks. Date, time, temperature, weather conditions, amount of daily diet, and the condition of each plant was recorded daily. The plant condition checksheet was filled in daily on morning check: no change some leaves eaten attempted to get roots top destroyed (eaten) pulled from pot Destroyed (not eaten) Observations were made three days per week (Mon/Tues/Fri. ) by a reliable research aide. Dee Sidney, and a Keeper in the Unit; both of whom were familiar with the exhibit and animals in the study. Observations were made from the public viewing area during the hours of 1800-2000, a norm- ally high activity period for the potoroo. The plants were changed on Fridays, and fresh, grass clumps and sections of turf were put in on Friday and Tuesday; all plant materials were kept moist. Old clumps and sections were pulled into the nest area by the potoroo on several occasions. This was after the turf especially had become very torn, trampled and dried out. Four behaviors were recorded during the observation: Sniff Dig Eat Trample After a trial observation, the project was modified as several small prob- lems became evident (glare of glass and location of plants for adequate viewing by the observer) . 415 THE USE OF LIVE PLANTS IN ANIMAL EXHIBITS, Continued RESULTS All plants, clumps and turf were contacted by all three potoroo. The prayer plant [Mo/iayitci] repeatedly received the most attention, despite the presence of fresh clumps and turf. Otherwise, turf attracted more attention than potted plants or clumps. Sniffing and digging were the most frequent activities; often one activity led to another (i.e. sniff- dig; snif f-eat) . During the study it became apparent that conditioning was definitely a factor in the amount of attention the potoroo paid to the plants. Loca- tion of the plant material was also important in the trampling activity; some findings were expected, but there were some surprises. One particu- lar plant that "seemed" to be out of the way, so to speak, was destroyed due to trampling all four weeks. The potoroo had not previously used that pathway to our knowledge. The conclusions of the study were: 1. The potoroo did pay less attention to potted plants by the 4th week. .. conditioning does occur. 2. The presence of "fresh" clumps and turf directly affected the amount of interaction with the potted plants. 3. MoAonta (prayer plants) were extremely attractive to the potoroo, despite efforts to keep them away from the roots. The foilage was ignored. 4. Various plant protection strategies that were effective as deter- ents were: - keeping plants in pots - covering the dirt with large, as well as quantities of various sized rocks (They moved a 2^, lb rock (1.02kg) on two occasions) - round rocks were "rolled" out of the pots while sharp-edged rocks were harder for the potoroo to move - angling plants away from window ledges and logs prevented the eating of upper leaves. The most important element was the availability of the "preferred" plant materials such as turf and clumps. It should also be noted that green foods such as chopped romaine, kale, or celery are added to the potproos’ diet on a daily basis. Favorite greens such as dandelions are fed in season. Two years ago, three Keepers, one Horticulturist and two Volunteers at Woodland Park Zoo started the Plant Research Project. Our first task was to survey zoos to determine if there was an interest in collecting in- formation on which zoos were using live plants with animals, and what the results were. Over 120 zoos responded and indicated a willingness to participate in additional surveys. A questionnaire was also sent asking which groups of animals the participants were most interested in receiving information about. As of September 1986, there are 145 zoos on the parti- cipants list. The survey on primate species resulted in a 61-page report on data return- ed from 35 zoos, on 45 species. A copy of the report was mailed to all participants and others on request. A second survey requested information on exhibits with carnivores and marsupial species. Thirty-three zoos reported on 35 carnivore species and 16 zoos reported on 16 marsupial species. Unfortunately, the carnivore/marsupial data has not yet been sent out to participants. Computer problems have caused a considerable 416 THE USE OF LIVE PLANTS IN ANIMAL EXHIBITS, Contlna^d delay in reporting this information. We hope to have the report dis- tributed before the end of 1986. Future plans for the Plant Research Project are to publish a bibliography on the subject of using plants in animal exhibits, and to conduct surveys on the remaining mammal orders, and all bird orders. REFERENCES Proctor-Grey, E. (1984) Dietary Ecology of the Coppery Brushtail Possum, Green Ringtail Possum and Lumholtz’s Tree Kangaroo, pp. 127-135, In Possums and Gliders, Ed. by Smith & Hume; Aust. Mammal Soc., Sydney. FIASSA - A HISTORY By Ro^oxinn G-lambh-O VhJjnatd Keepe/L, VkltadeZphMi loo VkliadtlphMi, PA In September 1931, a baby gorilla arrived in Brooklyn, New York. He was in a coma and dying of pneumonia. This gorilla lived, however, and con- tinued to live for fifty-three more years. When he died in 1984 he was the oldest captive gorilla in the world. His name was Massa. In 1931 there were few gorillas living in the United States. Susie, who arrived on the maiden voyage of the Graf Zeppelin, was in Cincinnati, Bushman was in Chicago and Bamboo was in Philadelphia. Late 1931 would also see the arrival of two young mountain gorillas who achieved fame at the San Diego Zoo as M’bongo and N'gagi. But in September 1931 Massa ar- rived in a cardboard box with little fanfare. Captain Philips of the West Key Bar brought six chimps and one gorilla, all sick, to Gertrude Davies Lintz of Brooklyn, NY. She had raised a variety of animals in- cluding chimps, but this was her first gorilla. Perhaps not having any pre-conceived ideas of how to care for the sick gorilla was to his advantage. She nursed him around the clock for five days until he was out of the coma. For the next two years the youngster was sick much of the time. But constant affection, good care and a proper diet pulled him through. The baby was given the name Massa. He was believed to be a female moun- tain gorilla. After his recovery, Massa had the run of the house. He enjoyed wearing his owner's shoes, hats and face powder. He especially loved draping Mrs. Lintz 's dresses around himself. About a year after Massa' s arrival he developed symptoms which were very much like polio. His legs and lower arms were useless. The standard treatment for polio at the time was to keep the patient quiet and still, but his owner did the opposite. She put together a rope and pulley ex- ercise machine. Massa eventually recovered. 417 MASSA - A HISTORY, CowUnazd But before his recovery was complete, Mrs. Lintz received another call from her friend Captain Philips. He had a second young gorilla for her — a very healthy gorilla who had met with an unfortunate accident. His head and chest had been burned by nitric acid. This new gorilla. Buddy, required a great deal of treatment. In about six months time he was pretty much healed, but not without scars. If this story sounds familiar it’s because it has been repeated many times. Buddy would always be Buddy to Mrs. Lintz, but when she sold him many years later to Ringling Brothers circus, he became known as Gargantua the Great. During Buddy's first year in Brooklyn, he gained about 100 pounds and would often carry Massa around the house. Both gorillas loved their daily ride in the car. The rides continues until Buddy weighed about 200 pounds. In 1933, Massa, Buddy and twelve chimps were exhibited at the Chicago Century of Progress Exposition. They were in fourteen steel and glass cages invented by Mrs. Lintz for their protection and comfort. That same year Mrs. Lintz had an encounter with an enraged Massa. In her book. Animals Are My Hobby, she said that she had learned to expect the best and worst from her-him in quick succession. Massa was playing at scrubbing the floor. Mrs. Lintz entered the room, slipped in a puddle of water and knocked the bucket of water onto Massa. Massa became completely enraged and attacked his owner and bit her repeatedly. After the incident, which took about seventy stitches, she knew that Massa could no longer be completely trusted or controlled. And Massa knew it too. After this in- cident both Massa and Buddy were a bit more confined than they were before. In 1935 when the Philadelphia Zoo offered to buy Massa as a mate for their male Bamboo, Mrs. Lintz agreed. So in December 1935, Massa took the last car ride he would know for the next forty-eight years. Buddy stayed with Mrs. Lintz until 1937. After several months of being accustomed to the zoo and being visually introduced to Bamboo, the two were introduced. At that time Massa was still believed to be a female. Massa was very aggressive to Bamboo and after several days of fighting the decision was made to separate the pair. The headlines in the newspapers that day read, "Wedding Off, Gorilla No Lady". The two gorillas remained in neighboring, but separate cages. The years passed quietly for the two groillas. Each August the zoo cele- brated Bamboo's birthday. Actually it was the anniversary of his arrival in 1927. In 1940 Massa 's old playmate, Buddy /Gargantua , died. In 1950 Bushman died. In 1961, Bamboo died of a heart attack at the age of thirty- four, making Massa the world's oldest captive gorilla. With Bamboo gone the zoo began celebrating Massa 's "birthday", actually his anniversary on December 30th. Massa followed in Bamboo's footsteps by throwing a good deal of his birthday treats at the waiting press. Philadelphians still talk about the things that they remember being thrown by Massa and Bamboo. In 1965 the new Rare Mammal House was opened. Massa, then thirty-five, was considered too old to move. In 1969, after many years of good health, Massa began having problems. He had the first of several major dental extractions. He had seventeen teeth removed during the first surgery. 418 MASSA -A HISTORY, ConUnmd Over the years Massa’s physical condition deteriorated. He lost weight and became a bit arthritic. He also continued his long-standing habit of hair plucking. Nineteen-eighty-three was a big year for Massa. Eighteen years after he was considered too old to move, Massa was moved. The old monkey house was being torn down around him. For several months Massa was acclimated to his shipping crate. On 3 June he went into his crate for food. The door was closed, the crate put on a forklift and Massa left the monkey house for the first time in forty-eight years. He arrived at his new home and walked in as though he owned the place. In November 1983 Massa again experienced problems with his teeth. He re- fused food. Only an occasional peanut better and jelly sandwich would interest him. The decision was made to knock him down. All but three teeth were extracted - all canines. After the surgery he recovered quick- ly and was soon eating again. The peanut butter and jelly was taken away and he was back on zoo cake. His birthday celebration was a quiet one that year. We didn’t know how many more he would have. December 30, 1984 - Massa makes it to another birthday. As usual he re- ceived cards and letters from admirers all over the world. Articles about him appeared in many newspapers including the New York Times. Late that night, Massa died quietly in his sleep, alone as he had lived. References Animals Are My Hobby - 1942 - Gertrude Davies Lintz All About Gorillas - 1978 - David P. Willoughby Fauna - June 1941 America’s First Zoo - December 1966 Gargantua - Circus Star of the Century - Gene Plowden 419 AN EXHIBITION OF CHINESE GOLDEN MONKEYS AT THE LOS ANGELES ZOO By Nanay Hanlon, KaapeA Lo6 Angelos Zoo, Lo6 Angulos, CA The golden monkey ( RfLlnop.athecLL6 aoxulZanaa] is considered by many to be one of the most unusual and beautiful primates in the world. Like the giant panda (A^uAopoda matanotaaCLa) , these monkeys are considered by the Chinese people to be a national treasure and are fully protected in their homeland as a "first-priority" endangered species. In 1975, the Chinese government gave this species full protection from hunting and capture. Very little is known about their behavior or ecology in the wild. Their shy and elusive nature makes them very difficult to study. This paper will examine the golden monkey's natural history and some of the husbandry techniques employed at the Los Angeles Zoo in caring for these rare and valuable "special visitors" from China. There are three subspecies of golden monkey. The most highly endangered is the black snub-nosed monkey (R. A. boiXa] with a population estimate of only 200 animals. The white-shoulder-haired snub-nosed monkey (R. A.. ) is estimated to have a population size of 500 individuals. The golden snub-nosed monkey (_^ KOXOttanaa) is the most abundant species. The Chinese Ministry of Forestry estimates that between 10,000 and 13,000 individuals of this subspecies may exist in China at present. This is the subspecies that has been loaned to North American zoos and is the subject of this paper. Unknown to the western world until 1869, the golden monkey had been the central figure in Chinese myths and legends for centuries. In ancient Chinese art and literature, it was often portrayed as a demon. Bronze castings, ritual urns, and silk paintings dating back 4,000 years depict a demon, resembling the golden monkey, with an upturned nose and long, stylized hair. The meat, bones, and hair of golden monkeys have been used for centuries to ward off rheumatism and as a treatment for arthritis and heart trouble. Capes made of golden monkey skins were restricted for use by members of the Imperial family and other Manchu rulers during the Ch'ing Dynasty. In 1869, Pere Armand David sent three golden monkey skins that he had col- lected on his travels in China to the French zoologist Alphonse Milne- Edwards at the Paris Museum of Natural History. Milne-Edwards gave the monkey its scientific name, RhZno pxXk 2.016 K-OXattanaa, The species name, aoxaZlaYUia, was chosen by Milne-Edwards in reference to Roxellana, the mistress and wife of a Turkish sultan, Suleiman the Magnificent, who had lived 400 years earlier. Roxellana, a woman of legendary charm and beauty, was reported to have had long, silky blonde hair which trailed down over her back to her ankles and an upturned nose similar to the golden monkey’s. Golden monkeys inhabit mountainous regions of central and western China. Their habitat includes pine, bamboo and rhododendron forests at elevations from 6,000 to 10,000 feet ( 1829 to 3048m) above sea level. Much of this area is snowbound during the winter and troops will often descend into warmer valleys during the coldest months. Groups of up to 600 individuals have been observed together at one time but generally troops are composed of between 30 to 100 animals 420 "Mng Mng", a 1 3-^e.cUL-old ma£e ClvLn2J>(i Golden fionkey exklbyuts Ike uLptu/ined noi>e typ-ieat oi hJj> 6peel2Ji. The Golden Monkey l6 eoYUilden-ed a. ncutiovwLl tK.ea^uJie In China. (Photo by Neal Johnston) "Mel Mel", an 11 -yeoA-old female Chinese Golden Monkey 6pent 6lx months at the L.A. Zoo (AJhJle on loan the Beijing Zoo In the People's Republic o^ China. [Photo by Neal Johnston) 421 AN EXHIBITION OF CHINESE GOLDEN MONKEYS AT THE L.A. ZOO, ConXlnu^d In addition to having long fur that protects them from the extreme cold, golden monkeys engage in an interesting behavior that helps them to con- serve heat. They may spend hours huddling together in a hugging position with their faces buried in each other’s fur and their long tails wrapped around each other. This behavior is also believed to reinforce social bonds . In recent times, hunting golden monkeys has been outlawed. Unfortunately, there are still occasional reports of one being shot by villagers in mountainous regions who have mistaken them for yeti-like "hairy wild men." According to Chinese law, anyone who shoots a golden monkey may be fined and possibly face imprisonment. A far greater threat to this species comes from destruction of its habitat. Increased demands for timber within its range, as well as the continuing spread of human habitation and agricultural farmland, have resulted in their habitat being fragmented and often confined to isolated mountain tops Twelve reserves have been established in the provinces of Szechwan, Shaanxi Gansu, Hubei and Kweichow. Within the People’s Republic of China, captive breeding groups are kept at zoos in Chengdu, Beijing, Shanghai, Wuhan, Tsingtao, Kunming In tong, Chong- qing, and Guangzhou. Golden monkeys have never been permanently displayed outside of the People’s Republic of China. In 1979, the Hong Kong Ocean Zoo acquired a pair from the Beijing Zoo for a period of three months. Similar temporary loans have been conducted with the Tianjing Zoo in Japan and a number of North American institutions. Chengdu Zoo loaned a pair to the San Diego Zoo in 1984-85 as well as the Metro Toronto Zoo in 1986. A pair from the Shanghai Zoo was also on loan to the San Francisco Zoo in 1986. The Woodland Park Zoo in Seattle, WA and the Washington Park Zoo in Portland, OR shared in the loan of a pair from the Chongqing Zoo from January through April and May through July of 1986, respectively. While in residence in Portland, the female gave birth to the first baby golden monkey ever born outside of China. After several years of unsuccessful negotiations, finally in April 1986, Marcia Wilson Hobbs, president of the Greater Los Angeles Zoo Association (and officials representing the City of Los Angeles) successfully reached an agreement with the Chinese Association of Zoos and officials at the Beijing Zoo to bring a pair of golden monkeys to the Los Angeles Zoo for a period of six months. Jing Jing, a 13-year-old male and Mei Mei, an 11-year-old female arrived at the zoo on 27 June 1986. Accompanying the monkeys for the duration of their stay were Dr. Xu Juanhua, Chief Veterinarian at the Beijing Zoo; Shang Xichan, Zoologist at the Beijing Zoo; and Fu Jue, Zoo Engineer at the Beijing Zoo and interpreter. Ms. Fu is also on the Board of Directors of the Chinese Association of Zoological Gardens. This new organization, which was formed in October 1985, is designed to be the Chinese equivalent of the American Association of Zoo- logical Parks and Aquariums. For the opening ceremony on 18 July 1986, an additional Chinese delegation included: Zhao Yi-heng, Director of the Beijing Garden Administration Bureau; Liao Guo-xin, animal-breeding team leader from the Beijing Zoo; Huang Cheng-ging, Engineer for the Ministry of Forestry; and Cao Nan-yan, cadre for the Ministry of Urban and Rural Construction and Environmental Protection. 422 AN EXHIBITION OF CHINESE GOLDEN MONKEYS AT THE L.A. ZOO, ConX^nued From the Los Angeles Zoo, Animal Keeper Bernadine Foster was selected to care for the golden monkeys. She has eighteen years of experience at the Zoo and also cares for the Zoo’s Bengal tigers ( VoiYiXkQAa XiQHAJy ) , Asiatic lions ( VayLtkdAa tuo peA^Xcccj , leopards [PawthoAR paXcluJ) ) , caracals [PzUJi ca/Ldccit) , servals {PztiA ^(jfivaZ) , and red pandas {AXtuULUA ^a£.geJL6 ) , as well as the golden monkeys. My position is relief keeper for the golden monkeys. Both of the golden monkeys on loan to the Los Angeles Zoo were born at the Beijing Zoo. The male has sired offspring by another female in Beijing. The female on loan to us has never given birth to any young to date. In addition to these two, the Beijing Zoo also has 1.2 golden monkeys that' remained in their homeland. The golden monkey exhibit, also known as the China Pavilion, was built during a five and a half week period at a cost of $300,000 in 1984. It was built to house a pair of giant panda on loan from the Beijing Zoo to commemorate the XXIIIrd Olympiad in Los Angeles. Since the panda’s de- parture, the exhibit was used to display red pandas, satyr tragopans (TAagopan ^cutyRO.) , and Chinese alligators {AllA.gcito^ ■SZne.yuXi ) . Upon ar- rival of the golden monkeys, the latter two species were relocated to exhibits elsewhere in the zoo. The red pandas were shifted to the outdoor display directly adjacent to the golden monkey exhibit. The golden monkey display at the Los Angeles Zoo consists of a large out- door exhibit, an indoor exhibit, and three off-exhibit holding cages. These areas are separated from one another by sliding doors. The outdoor exhibit measures 36’ x 24’ x 21’ (approx.) [10.9m x 7.3m x 6.4m]. It is constructed of concrete blocks around the base with chain- link fencing covering the rest of the exhibit. Three-foot-high pieces of plexiglass were attached to the chain-link fencing along the patron walkway. The substrate in the outdoor exhibit is decomposed granite. Plant materials within the exhibit include grass, bamboo, eucalyptus, juniper, and pine trees. There is an 18-inch (46cm) deep concrete pool and stream in the center. The exhibit is cooled on hot days by means of a water mister on the top of the exhibit. Although the exhibit was de- signed to be accessible for public viewing from two sides, it was decided that the rear viewing sidewalk should be blocked off while the golden monkeys were present in order to minimize stress to the animals. The indoor exhibit measures 21’ x 24’ x 12’ (approx.) [6.4m x 7.3m x 3.6m] and each of the three holding cages measures 10’ x 8’ x 11.5’ [3.0m X 2.4m x3.5m]. The building is constructed of concrete blocks and has two large, tilted glass windows for public viewing. Temperature control is provided by both heating and air-conditioning systems. Lighting in the indoor exhibit is provided by four fluorescent light fixtures and four skylights in the ceiling. The floor of the indoor exhibit is concrete which has been cov- ered with a thick layer of mulch. In order to give it a more naturalistic appearance, potted juniper and pine trees were added and the pots were hidden under large pieces of artificial rock. Large perches were added to both the indoor and outdoor exhibit areas prior to the monkey’s arrival. The indoor and outdoor exhibits are raked daily. The pool is drained and cleaned once a week using chlorine bleach as needed. The monkeys are shifted to the off-exhibit holding cages when the exhibits are cleaned. 423 AN EXHIBITION OF CHINESE GOLDEN MONKEYS AT THE LA. A ZOO, ConZlnu^d The holding cages are hosed daily and disinfected with either Maintex , a germicidal detergent, or chlorine bleach as needed. Since their arrival in June, the indoor and outdoor exhibits, as well as the adjacent red panda exhibit have been sprayed twice with Overkill 60® , an insecticide, at a concentration of 45cc concentrate per gallon of water to control fleas. Before a section of the display is sprayed, the monkeys were shifted to the opposite part of the exhibit, all food and water pans were removed and the pool drained. From 27 June to 23 August 1986, the monkeys were in quarantine and were not released into the outdoor exhibit area. During this time, anyone entering or leaving the building was required to wear a paper gown, mask, cap, and gloves. All refuse was placed in plastic trash bags which were removed to the Zoo’s Animal Health Center for incineration. Although the quarantine period is over and the monkeys are on display outdoors, the keepers continue to use a footbath of Prepodyne® solution and exchange street shoes for rubber boots that remain in the China Pavilion. On 21 July and 20 August 1986, both animals were given tuberculin skin tests in the right eyelid. On 21 July, the female was netted and the male was immobilized using Vetalar® (Ketamine hydrochloride) administered by a blowdart. On 20 August, both animals were immobilized with blowdarts containing Vetalar© . The 24, 48, and 72 hour readings of these tests were negative for both animals each time. Blood samples were taken from both animals on both occasions. Urine samples are collected on a daily basis, when possible. These sam- ples are frozen at the Los Angeles Zoo and later sent to the San Diego Zoo for analysis of hormone levels. The lab at the Los Angeles Zoo Health Center is not equipped to do this analysis. Both animals have had recurring problems with loose stools since their arrival. Fecal Samples are taken weekly. Results have shown whipworm (TAA.chuA'Ls 4pp. ) infection. Treatment has included oral administration of Temlin® j (mebendazole) and Panacure© (f enbendazole) . The medication was hidden inside a piece of banana or peach which was coated with honey. Golden monkeys in the wild eat a diet consisting primarily of leaves along with smaller amounts of fruit, insects, bird eggs, pine cone seeds, small birds, and worms. Lichen is an important part of their diet during the winter when leaves may be scarce. As an adaptation for obtaining nourish- j ment from a harsh environment, their large, thin-walled stomachs are adapt- i ed for digesting large quantities of rough, fiborous foods. This type of stomach cannot easily digest large quantities of cereal foods and if too much if offered, serious health problems may occur. I Food items are weighed on a gram scale in order to insure that the proper amount of each food item is offered. Each animal is given a daily basis: Fruit lOOOgm Vegetable 200gm 100% whole wheat bread 2 slices Peanuts (with shell) 25gm Mealworms 20gm Hard-boiled egg 1/2 egg 424 AN EXHIBITION OF CHINESE GOLDEN MONKEYS AT THE L.A. ZOO, CoyvUnue.d Fruit items offered included apple, banana, pear, peach, watermelon, etc. Raw yam was considered to be part of the fruit ration. Vegetable items offered included broccoli, spinach, green beans, cabbage, napa, cucumber, tomato, etc. This food is divided into two halves and fed in the morning and mid- afternoon along with the other very important item in a golden monkey’s diet, fresh browse. At the Beijing Zoo, golden monkeys receive a wide variety of browse col- lected from the zoo grounds including elm, poplar, willow, peach leaves, apple leaves, mulberry, Chinese scholar tree, and oak. Due to this pair having recurring loose stools. Dr. Xu advised that both monkeys receive a type of browse that they liked and were familiar with. She recommended that they receive only white or silkworm mulberry (MoA. /LOxManae,} : An endangered species in the People’s Republic of China. Paper presented at the meeting of American Society of Primatologists . , East Lansing, MI. Qi, J.F. 1982. Golden monkey; Keeping and reproduction. Wildlife 2; 25-30. Schaller, G.B. 1985. China’s golden treasure. International Wildlife 15(1); 29-31. ! 426 EXPLAINING WHAT WE DO: TWO KEEPER OUTREACH PROGRAMS By Elaynd BoActay S CynthMi Ckmo^y Animal KeepcAS, Wcuk^ngton Bank loo PoAtland, OR In 1985, the Portland Chapter of AAZK initiated an annual program offer- ing behind-the-scenes tours of animal areas to employees from other de- partments of the zoo. The program had multiple objectives: showing our fellow employees these areas which are usually off-limits; explaining some basic ideas and practices of animal keepers; answering any questions they might have; dispelling some common misconceptions about zoo animal management (such as: keepers just feed and clean, zoo animals are tame, etc); and, in general, promoting a greater feeling of solidarity among us all. The tours were supported by the zoo's administrators, to whom we explain- ed that, in addition to the advantages listed above, informed employees would have a more positive feeling about the zoo and better represent it to the public. As a result, everyone was able to attend on work time. Both new and long-time employees enjoyed the tours. DETAILS OF THE TOUR PROGRAM The tours were given by keepers in their own areas, during work time but on a voluntary basis. Keepers scheduled their own tours, writing in the days and times convenient for them, and also noting how many tours they would be willing to give and the maximum number of people that could be safely accommodated per tour. Then the tour coordinator worked out an overall schedule and posted sign-up sheets on which employees could re- serve their places in specific tours. One organizational problem we are still working on is reducing the in- cidence of "no-shows": people who forgot to come, or are unable to leave their jobs as they had planned. For the 1986 tours, we tried two ideas that helped; next to the sign-up sheets was an envelope of reminder forms, for each person to fill out and take along, noting dates/times/locations of tours signed up for. And, each week of the tours, a list was sent to supervisors of what tours their employees had signed up for, giving time to work out necessary job coverage. (It was, of course, the individual's responsibility in the first place to clear a given date and time with their supervisor.) Tours lasted 15-30 minutes and concentrated on the general theme of how a particular group of zoo animals is cared for. Keepers discussed feed- ing and cleaning routines, diets, exhibit design features, and record- keeping. They answered questions ranging from breeding plans to the personalities of individual animals. The feline keeper brought a lion- ess into her den and rewarded her, the bear keepers could lead the group up near to a bear curiously watching them through the bars of an access door, and so on. The authenticity lent by this kind of experience is important to the tours. Quarantine areas such as Primates were listed as such on the sign-up sheets, and still drew interest for tours of permissable areas: unoccupi- ed holding facilities, food preparation areas, and a view of the animals from the public side with narration by the keeper. 427 EXPLAINING WHAT WE DO: TWO KEEPER OUTREACH PROGRAMS, ConUna^d We were not sure that we could accommodate the 150 temporary visitor services employees hired each summer, so we decided to offer them a tour via slide show, to be shown by a keeper at one of the summer employees’ meetings. (In 1986, the second year of this program, we gave the slide show to all temporary employees, and invited those interested to sign up for tours as well.) The slide show was created by Chapter members Cynthia Cheney and Diane Gould. They went through the zoo's thousands of slides on file and found only about 20 that were appropriate. Zoo photographers tend to concen- trate on animals, sometimes on exhibits, almost never on keeper activities. Slides taken by other keepers were used, and many were taken specifically for the show. Some events, which cannot be staged or recreated, are underrepresented, since when they happen no one had a camera on hand or thinks of using one. Getting these photos (medical care, catching up and moving animals, etc.) take time and forethought. The slide format is flexible both in production and delivery: it is easy to add or delete slides, and the narrator can vary the time and emphasis given to different subjects. In this way the show can be tailored to the interest and knowledge level of the audience. Also, the slides provide structure and visual Interest, to help out the inexperienced public speak- er . Our visitor services employees gave the show a good reception, and it has since been shown to other groups; zoo volunteers, the Board of Directors of the Friends of the Zoo, the Zoo's Explorer Post, and high school stu- dents at Career Day. In addition, some interested keepers will be taking a shortened version of the show into schools this spring. The Zoo's Education Department will do the booking, keepers will donate their time, and the Chapter will receive a small fee to help pay for the production and continued improve- ment of the show. DETAILS OF PRODUCING THE SLIDE SHOW Having conceived of the slide show as a tour in pictures, we tried to illustrate the range of keeper activities and vary the setting to in- clude each area of the zoo at least once. Although the tasks performed by keepers are a little different from zoo to zoo, a list of what we in- cluded may help others who want to produce something similar. Here are the job elements we showed, with a few examples: FEEDING (including com- missary technician surrounded by samples of all sorts of foodstuffs; keepers weighing out individual rations and bringing animals into holding areas; one day's ration for an elephant; samples of live food [insects] provided for some animals); CLEANING; RECORD-KEEPING (Diet charts and daily reports; keeper taking notes on a sand cat mother and kitten in nest box, via low-light TV camera; marking, banding, and individual characteristics, by which keepers recognize their animals); HEALTH AND MEDICAL CARE (elephant foot work); SPECIAL CARE (hand-raising infants; elephant training to enable keepers to care for them more safely); KEEPER CONTRIBUTIONS TO EXHIBIT DESIGN AND MODIFICATION (keeper-designed penguin nestboxes, small-animal exhibits, animal play structures); RESEARCH (keepers doing research themselves or assisting others) ; KEEPERS WORKING WITH VOLUNTEERS AND EXPLORERS; KEEPERS AND PUBLIC EDUCATION (giving tours and talks); ANIMAL HANDLING AND MOVING (squeeze cages, pole snares, moving crated zebras from quarantine to exhibit): NIGHT KEEPERS; PUBLIC 428 EXPLAINING WHAT WE DO: TWO KEEPER OUTREACH PROGRAMS, ConAlnu^d INTERACTION WITH ANIMALS (objects thrown into exhibits, public feeding, unsafe for people and animals); PORTLAND AAZK CHAPTER. We began the slide show with a few comparisons of old and new exhibits at our zoo, including one grim shot made from an old print of a turn- of-the~century lion cage. This has proved to be a good introduction, establishing a positive tone: "we all share the goal of improving exhib- its and animal care, and here are some examples of progress being made and how keepers work towards these goals." At many points, it is possible to interject some "philosophy" of good animal handling. For example, in talking about ANIMAL HANDLING AND MOVING, the point is made that our desire is to be able to move animals with the least possible stress for everyone, and that training and posi- tive reinforcement are the rule — pole snares and squeeze cages the rare last resort. The photography for this project was not difficult, but perhaps others can profit from our experience by noting some very basic points. The eye sees what it is concerned with, and ignores other things, but the camera sees and reproduces exactly what is there. Accordingly, elimin- ate distracting background clutter; be sure keepers are in uniform; show at least a few keepers looking cheerful. Frame the picture tightly, move in close. A wide-angle lens and flash are usually needed for indoor shots. Take more pictures than you need; after all, film is cheap compared to the bother of re-staging events. As it stands now, our show comprises about 150 slides (2 carousels) and takes a good 45 minutes, or more depending on how much explanation the narrators gives. We have an original, which stays on the shelf, and a duplicate, which goes out to be shown. As we take the show out to schools and other community groups, we will develop much shorter sub-shows. We feel that this has been a valuable project for our Chapter, which has developed far beyond its original concept, and gives us a versatile communications tool for a relatively small investment of time and money. Both the tour program and slide show may be projects of interest to other Chapters. Information Please The Beardsley Zoological Gardens is seeking information on the captive breeding, artificial incubation, and puppet hand-rearing of King Vulture {SoAcoMkamphiu papa]. Any information received will be greatly appreciat- e'dT Send information to: Robert Tomas, Animal Keeper, Beardsley Zoologi- cal Gardens, Noble Ave., Bridgeport, CT 06610. 429 BEARS - A NEW EXPERIENCE By Jamt McCoy, Cklidyim' ^ loo KccpoA king ton PoAk Zoo, PoAttand, OR The Washington Park Zoo had its beginnings in 1887. Charles Meyers, the first Park Keeper, constructed what is believed to be the first sunken, barless cage in the world - a bear grotto which housed the grizzly and Alaskan bears which were part of the new zoo. The zoo was moved in 1925 to what is now the site of the Japanese Gardens. The polar bears were housed in a small, inadequate indoor exhibit. The zoo opened at its pre- sent location on 3 July 1959. The bear grottos were adaptations of the original ones which Edmund Heller, an explorer and scientist, said "serv- ed as a model for all zoos for humane confinement of wild animals." In 1972, the bright colors were sandblasted off and left concrete gray. The 1983 Masterplan called for the renovation of the two bear grottos. A work scope for the polar bear ( UA51L6 YnciAltunLJU& ) and sun bear {Md.0Jict06 maZayanuJ) ] exhibits detailing possible interpretive themes was begun in December 1983. All staff members were invited to submit suggestions for exhibit design and graphic displays. The Education Department began work on concepts we wanted to stress to the public. With passage of a construction levy in May, 1984, plans for the renovation of the west bear grottos became a reality. Initial design meetings for the project included division heads and the senior bear keeper. The old grottos had moats, the stark look of concrete, no recirculation system for the pools, poor food storage facilities and holding cage drainage prob- lems. Those involved in the design process had to consider how to best utilize present facilities and correct existing problems in the new ex- hibit design. Groundbreaking ceremonies for the new exhibit were held on 17 June, 1985. Jones & Jones, architects and project coordinators, designed the 2.3 million dollar project. Gene Leo, Zoo Director, and Rick Gustafson, Metro Executive Officer, had the first swipe with the wrecking ball. Holding areas have had minor revisions. There are two rooms and a mater- nity den for each polar bear exhibit, and a maternity den and one room for the sun bear. Heating pads are in each maternity den and one was added in the sun bear holding cage. Straw acts as a good insulator and to date the heating pads have not been needed, but it doesn’t hurt to be prepared . The enclosure between the summer polar bear and the sun bear was not reno- vated. When the need arises, it will be used as an outside holding area. It remains connected to an inside room. Plantings will eventually block this exhibit from public view. Until that time, burlap, hung on wire mesh, serves to hide the exhibit. Two hallway crossover chutes have been added between the summer and winter polar bear exhibits, and between the sun bear and offview outside holding area. Barred doors can be folded flat against the wall for easy access to the hallway. A permanent grate remains overhead. When in use, the doors swing across the hall and lock in place. Sliding steel doors are opened to move the bear from one exhibit to the other. The polar bears also have another transfer chute between holding cages of the two exhibits. This transfer chute can be moved out of the way when not in use, or left 430 BEARS - A NEW EXPERIENCE, Continued in place. Steps were added and a keeper just steps up one side and down the other. Nylon guides have been added to keep the steel doors from rattling once closed. There was a problem keeping food dry in the hallway due to dampness seep- ing in through the concrete ceilings. An office area was converted to a storage area. A garage door was installed so that pallets could be load- ed directly into the storage room. Ample shelving will be added to hold items. The room is heated to insure that food items remain dry. The kitchen area will have a bookcase and cupboards added and a scale to ac- curately measure daily food rations. A plus for the keeper is a shower that has been added to the restroom. Holding area floors are slanted to the front. Water drainage became a problem when drinkers were installed and blocked water flow out to the drains. To correct this they added a section of concrete from the wall to the drinker and sloped it to the center of the rooms. When the room is cleaned, water easily goes out the door to the drains. Great quantities of water were used every week when the old pools were drained due to lack of a recirculation system. With an increase in pool sizes to 50,000 gallons for the summer pool and a 75,000 gallon winter pool, a filter system was needed. Each polar bear pool has two sand and gravel filters that together recirculate pool water every eighteen minutes. The sun bear stream has an in-line filter basket and a pump to recirculate the water. The pump and backwash systems will be set on timers. The nice thing about timers is that you can set them for one day or up to one year. Valves are automatic, you just flip a switch. Before the water returns to the pool, it runs through the ozone tower to be purified of bacteria and other particulate matter. Since ozone does not affect urine or alka- line, sugars and salts will still be left in the water. To correct this, chlorine will be added to the water or occasionally the water changed. The ozone make-up tank is backf lushed once a week. To determine if the pumps need to run more often, the county will check the water every week for parts per million of bacteria and feces in accordance with the USDA Animal Welfare Act. Steps at the side and the slope of the moat allowed bears to walk down to the bottom where they were difficult to view. By placing the pools at the edge of the exhibit, it eliminated the moats and gives visitors 45*2’' (13.8m) of linear underwater viewing in the winter exhibit, a total of 50*4" (15.3m) linear glass in the summer exhibit. Two existing grotto enclosures would be used for the polar bear exhibit. A tunnel leading down from the Central Plaza area with Arctic sounds, low temperature (55-60°F/13-16°C) , overhead fluorescent "ice", underwater viewing, and a barren rocky background evokes a winter situation in Church- hill, Manitoba. A slight incline leads one back to ground level and allows three different views of the summer polar bear enclosure. A wave machine provide a realistic surf. Peep holes allow added viewing from different angles into the exhibit (visitors can look in and bears can look out) . A heating pad has been installed in the concrete under a rocky arch to in- tice the bears to sleep there when the weather is cold. The architects recreated the landscape they photographed of Churchill , Manitoba in the summer polar bear enclosure. The rocks were textured by wadding up foil, unwadding it and pressing the crinkled pattern into wet gunite. Lichen and moss spores were painted on for a realistic look. The sun bear enclosure replicates an Asian tropical forest with indigenous 431 BEARS - A NEW EXPERIENCE, CowUnuzd plantings in the rockwork, fallen and upright dead trees for climbing and a stream. Vines growing from the overhead trellis around the top of the exhibit will give it an added touch of the tropics. To give the rockwork ' a "dirt” look, handfuls of river sand was thrown onto wet gunite. Two j trees were made of interwoven rebar and screen sprayed with gunite. Con- [ Crete was then plastered onto the form and a mold, made from the bark of j; a tree, was pressed onto it. Various colors of stain were added to give j the trees a naturalistic look. The crotch of each tree has a heating pad j to encourage the bears to sleep there on public view. ! Two tunnels that widen out under wood ceilings in the summer polar bear ji exhibit allows visitors to view graphics out of the weather. Graphic |, displays emphasize social and behavioral characteristics that are readily || observable. The winter polar bear area has a floor-level area for wheel- ? chairs and step-down viewing for others. Basic "ID" signs are in front f of the viewing windows with interpretive graphics along the back wall. If ji you look up, a bear’s forearm reaches down through a seal’s blow hole to the unsuspecting seal below. Graphics depict the polar bear diet, a i peek into a maternity den, a touchable, life-sized pawprint, and a zoetrope I to spin and view how a polar bear swims. As in the winter exhibit. Arc- j! tic sounds greet you in the summer exhibit. Under the first covered area, a cartoon explains how summer polar bear activity differs from the winter. , Other interpretives are a globe showing where bears are found, photographs j; of Churchill, and illustrations of other Arctic animals. Several graphics !j in the second covered area depict a polar bear’s anatomy and senses, and | a wheel game shows the advantages of camouflage in the Arctic svunmer and i winter. A storage boulder in the rockwork holds educational materials. | If you look down as you leave the polar bear exhibit, you will observe ji polar bear footprints in the path and farther along the smaller sun bear i footrpints. l A covered trellis shades visitors in the second sun bear viewing area. ■ A "Bearscope" allows one to see the view from the sun bear’s vantage point at tree-top level. Visitors can turn-the-wheel to see animals found in an Asian forest, or turn cylinders to build a bear. Graphics depict where various bear species are found, their behaviors and sizes, and a sun bear’s diet. , The Bearwalk Cafe was also part of the renovation. A choice of deli sand- wiches, Mexican food or waffle cones is a great way to end a bear exper- ^ ience . i We had a polar bear coming-out party in the East Grotto on 5 March, 1986 for Conrad and T.F., one-and-a-half-year-old brother and sister, from the Riverbanks Zoo. Shivers, a one-and-a-half-year-old male, arrived from the Columbus Zoo on 14 March, 1986. These three bears developed the art of carrying a bowling ball, bringing it out of the moat on the backs of their paws, and using it as a shot-put into the pool. Vivian, a one- year-old sun bear from Audubon Park Zoological Gardens, has delighted visitors this past summer with her playful antics in the nursery. Two, one-year-old polar bear sibling females from the Cleveland Metroparks Zoo were held in quarantine. One arrived 28 August, 1986, and the other on 3 September, 1986. This will give us one unrelated pair and an unre- lated male with the female siblings. All the bears were moved to the hold- ing areas in the renovated grotto five days before the opening. After two days in their new holding cages, to become accustomed to being fed there, they were allowed into the outside exhibits. Volunteers were taken on a tour of the exhibit a week before the opening 432 BEARS- A NEW EXPERIENCE, Continued so that they could answer visitor questions on opening day. Staff, volun- • teers and Friends of the Zoo had a pre-opening party on Friday, 26 Sept- ; ember. After three years of planning, with much fanfare and activities. Bears was officially opened on Saturday, 27 September, 1986. 1 wish to thank Gordon Noyes, Senior Bear Keeper, without whose assistance ; this paper would not have been possible. MIXED SPECIES EXHIBITS IN A SMALL MAMMAL BUILDING By Stuvm M. Wxcng Sup2AVAJ>o^ - SmalZ Mammcct6 Milwaukee County Zoo, MZlwauke^, WI We are all familiar with mixed species exhibits for fish, reptiles and free-flight aviaries. Most zoos also mix hoof stock with large birds. The Milwaukee County Zoo, following the example of other zoos, has taken the mixed species concept into its small mammal building. There are special advantages to having a mixed species exhibit. Space is used more efficiently with additional species being held. The exhibits are generally more informative to the public and also more interesting as the activity level of the exhibit is increased. Less ideal exhibit ani- mals can be kept with flashy or more active species. Often when setting up an exhibit for one particular species much of the usable space is wasted. This is particularly true of terrestrial species. Take for example a Chevrotain {T^guluS napu] exhibit that measures 8’ x 6' X 8* (240cm x 180cm x 240cm). The total usable area is 384 cubic feet (18 cu. m) . Being terrestrial, the chevrotain will only use 48 cu. ft. (2 cu. m) . If you were to add an arboreal species such as the tree shrew (Tupata gUj) ) you could effectively use 100% of the total area. The re- verse is also true, although to a lesser extent. A titi monkey ( CciZiU.ce.bu6 moZoch) will regularly use the upper 1/3 to 1/2 of an exhibit, wasting the lower area. By adding a terrestrial species such as an acouchi {MyopnoctcL pKCUttp , you can effectively use 100% of the exhibit. One of the most critical problems we now face collectively is the carrying capacity of all zoos. Mixed species exhibits offer the luxury of doubl- ing the amount of species and specimens held in a limited number of exhib- its. Instead of exhibiting tamandua [Tomcindua t ) , thus doubling our carrying capacity of these two exhibits. Adding another species to an exhibit can stimulate activity in both spec- ies. A case history: Four bristly ground squirrels (XgAa6 -LnauJuJ)] were received from Frankfurt, Germany in October 1985. After a 30-day quaran- tine they were received in the small mammal building where they proceeded to hide and make a poor exhibit for over seven months. In April 1986, we added six half-masked weavers ( Vtocnuui) VAjtoZLlYiuUi ) from the Woodland Park Zoo, Seattle, WA and it immediately turned the squirrels around. They are now active almost all day long and make one of our most interest- ing displays. I don’t know if the squirrels feel more secure with the weavers on lookout, but they have definitely made a difference. We have tried to keep all of our mixed species exhibits zoogeographically and biomatically correct. We have succeeded on both counts with only two exceptions. The first is our mouse lemur and hedgehog exhibit. The mouse lemur is endemic to the island of Madagascar, while the hedgehog is found only on the African continent. We hope to obtain in the near future a rarer hedgehog-tenrec to display with the lemurs. The other exception to our self-imposed rule is the ground cuscus ( Vkdtcin- qoJt gymnota>] and Brush-tail bettong (B^XtongZa peyUcdMaXa} exhibit. We first decided on displaying the cuscus, which is relatively rare in zoos, and then decided on a rat-kangaroo to show diversity among the kangaroo family Macropodidae . We settled on the bettong because of its endangered status. The cuscus is native to New Guinea and a few of its islands while the bettong is now restricted to southern Australia. Subconsciously we are telling the public that these animals do not live in total seclusion. These animals must react and interact with other species on a daily basis. And, as all of the information we present to the public should be correct, so should the subtle information on zoogeography and biomes. As with any mixed species exhibit, specific considerations must be addres- sed. While choosing species for a mixed species exhibit the aggressive- ness of each species must be considered. Obviously a predator and its prey should not be housed in the same enclosure. This would be detrimen- tal to somebody’s health. But special attention must be given to border- line species which may not necessarily attack and consume another species, but might place enough stress on it so as to be detrimental to its health. This occured with our Prevost squirrel (Catto^cMjAiU pX2.V0^tJJ,) and chev- rotain exhibit in which the aggressive squirrel dominated the chevrotain. You must also consider the ability of the animals to raise their young. A medium-sized owl may live peacefully with an adult agouti, but try to attack an infant. 434 MIXED SPECIES EXHIBITS IN A SMALL MAMMAL BUILDING, CovUnue^d Once the species have been decided upon, several exhibit design factors need consideration. The temperature, humidity and daylength lighting re- q|Uirements should be satisfied if special attention is paid to the zoo- geographic and biomatic criteria of both species. You should refrain from mixing a diurnal with a nocturnal species in most cases as the activ- ity of one may stress the other. Exhibits should be propped with both species in mind. Arboreal species need plenty of pathways so they do not have to descend to the floor. Also nestboxes and logs should be placed high out of reach of the terrestrial species. The terrestrial species on the other hand may prefer a low shrub or a hollow log to serve as an occasional sight barrier. Nesting material may also present a problem. Long, think blades of grass intended for nesting weavers must be placed high in the enclosure out of reach of nib- bling ground squirrels. Generally, as with any exhibit, variety and care- ful placement of exhibit "furniture" is a must. Placement of food bowls must also be considered. Food for arboreal spec- ies can be placed high out of reach with only the occasional dropped item finding its way into the wrong mouth. Our acouchi's receive many of these presents this way from the titi monkeys. More to watch out for is the arboreal species descending to steal from the food bowl of the terrestrial species. This has not presented us with any real problems. Our thicktail galago (Gcitago cAa^6-i(lCLudcutuU> ) did like to come down to eat the hedgehog diet, but all we had to do was increase the amount fed. The last of these considerations and probably the least is your signage. Our signage system is geared toward the single species exhibit. We can fit two species on one sign, but it gets to be cumbersome. Certain signs have had to be altered to accomodate two species. Range maps have been left off, letter size reduced and text shortened. Three species on one sign would be impossible. For the most part your graphics should also be clearer and more descriptive. What makes sense to you and me may often times confuse the public. Most visitors do not know the difference be- tween a springhaas ( VzdntOJi C(ip2,yU>AJ> ) and a Senegal galago [GciZago ^ene- gaXg.n^/66 ) . A description of which is which should appear in the text. In 1984 our relatively new zoo management turned their attention toward the small mammal building. At that time it leaned heavily on primates and carnivores with 80% of the exhibits devoted to these two orders. In addition, out of 35 exhibits, only one was a mixed species, the titi/acouchi exhibit which was set up in 1981. In mid-1985 over $200,000 was spent on the physical structure of the small mammal building. At the same time the animal collection was overhauled. Our main concern was to show the diversity among the animal world. We increased the number of mixed species exhibits from one to nine. Two more exhibits are awaiting animals and an additional six are on the drawing board. 435 MIXED SPECIES EXHIBITS IN A SMALL MAMMAL HOUSE. Continued !>. 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(nJoodtand PoAk Zoological GoAdcm SccUUc, WA Have you ever gone home from work, leaving a sick animal, and then laid awake all night, worrying about it? Or stayed ’way late to take care of one? Or to raise an infant? Or gone in after work one or more times per night to take care of some animal needing extra attention? Or had an in- fant for hand-raising that you had to take home with you, night after night? Have you ever gone into your work area on a cold morning to find that the furnace had broken down during the night, and all your animals are freez- ing? Or that vandals have broken in and smashed a huge, plate-glass window in an exhibit? Or that people or animals — dogs, raccoons, coyotes — have gotten into the zoo and killed some of the collection? Then you know how it is to have nobody around at night who can take care of things effec- tively. In the following pages, we’ll take a look at what it’s like to have keep- ers working at night: how they’re used at Woodland Park Zoological Gar- dens (WPZG) and the potential for getting closer to that elusive ideal of optimum care for your animals. Most of the information here comes from personal experiences of keepers at WPZG; the rest from conversations with night keepers at other institu- tions. Each subject has only one or two examples for illustration, select- ed from many I could have used. Though the main topic is centered at this one zoo, the sample principle can be applied to other institutions, includ- ing aquariums, though the logistics would vary, of course. Our primary duty is to preserve the integrity of the collection. Under that broad principle, the work fluctuates a lot, depending on the season, the size of the staff, the occurence of emergencies, and other factors. Nevertheless, we can divide the work into several categories: 1. Care and monitoring of infants; 2. Care and monitoring of sick, pregnant, post-operative, and post-partum animals; 3. Other observations of animals and their enclosures; 4. Routine animal maintenance; 5. Preparing things for people on day shift (including some warehouse work) ; 6. Security — related work; 7. Maintenance — related work. Some aspects of these categories overlap. I discuss these overlapping aspects wherever it seemed at the time of writing to make the most sense — a subjective value judgement with no attempt to rationalize it. But before exploring these categories, a few general comments: Some in- stitutions have security or maintenance people working nights. This is handy, but keepers have the ability to handle a zoo’s unique problems— skills and training that cannot and should not be expected of non-keepers. 438 CREATURES OF THE NIGHT: USING KEEPERS 'ROUND THE CLOCK, ConUnatd While everyone on a night staff should be able to call on the others to assist in an emergency, and while it's nice to be able to have keepers, maintenance people, and rent-a-cops working nights together, I suggest that if you must choose only one type of worker, keepers are the best option. When we didn't have keepers working all night long at WPZ, unit keepers would have to take an infant home at night during hand-rearing, or come in during the night for feeding and taking vital signs, or even stay on grounds all night. Now, unless the infant requires highly specialized care (and sometimes even then) , daytime keepers can write out instructions and go home, knowing that a knowledgeable animal person is taking care of things and will call if there are any problems she's can't handle. During the spring and early summer, the night staff watches pregnant ani- mals for signs of labor. We are often instructed to call someone on the appropriate crew when a youngster is born, or about to be delivered. Of course, the most concern is for first- time mothers and those that have had previous problems with pregnancy and delivery, or with post-natal care. We also have standing instructions to notify the veterinarian on call when such an event occurs. Sometimes the first observation of an infant nursing happens at night; when it's some days after birth, or unit keepers suspect problems, these observations relieve a lot of concern. We've noted placentas expelled. In case of later complications, placental retention can be eliminated as a possible cause. When one of our keepers got to work in time to snap the first-ever (we believe) pictures of twin Mountain Goat [OXQXLmuui) cmoA^LCCinuA ) b ir ths , it was because a night keeper was watching and saw the water break. When an animal falls sick and requires special care, night keepers also prove valuable. Often, when the veterinarian prescribes medication, the night crew handles one or more of them; thus, the doses can be spaced out for equal intervals during a full day, instead of having to be squeezed into a day crew's work schedule, or having someone come in at overtime rates to administer the medication. And even if it's a two-person job, as with injecting monkeys, and there's only one person on duty each shift, as has happened, medication can be scheduled for shift-change time, when two persons are available. The night crew participated heavily in our most recent success. Zuri, a young gorilla {Go^^iiZla goAjJJia] , got sick. He stayed with the troop as long as possible, but eventually had to be moved to the clinic, where he hovered near death for weeks. Part of his treatment consisted of 24-hour- a-day IV' s, which had to be monitored frequently. Everyone tending him tried to get him to eat or drink whenever he was awake. What a heart- warming day when he first resumed taking fluids on his own! And when he started to gain weight and his sunken little eyes started to brighten again. The night keepers, along with the primate crew and the veterinary staff spent hours everyday, keeping him company, coaxing him to eat and drink, medicating him, and doing everything else we could to promote his recovery. While the night keepers' contribution was only a small part of his total program, I flatter myself that is was important. Similarly, we monitor post-operative patients. Normally, a veterinarian must schedule surgery so that the patient comes out of the anesthesia before everyone goes home for the day, or (again) pay someone to stay late and observe. Night keepers to the rescue again! We check throughout the 439 CREATURES OF THE NIGHT: USING KEEPERS 'ROUND THE CLOCK, ConUnucd night — -sometimes for many nights, when the animal in question might pick or tear at its stitches. I must digress a moment here and acknowledge the daytime staff, who all stand ready to be awakened in the middle of the night, and come in at a moment’s notice to assist in an emergency. Night keepers, of course, must be generalists, and so lack the depth of knowledge that specialists have — • though our present crew has a nice balancd between previous specialities in diverse departments — and we must sometimes call with a question. I have always been answered courteously, and with the person I called thank- ing me for being alert to changing conditions and for caring enough to make sure everything’s all right, even when it turned out I had no cause for concern. To the last person, they have all expressed the attitude that they would rather be awakened unnecessarily than to be allowed to sleep when they should have been alerted. Now, all the night keepers at WPZG have considerable experience. Our ad- ministration has wisely called for volunteers, and will assign a non- volunteer only if nobody shows any eagerness to go on nights. This is a dramatic shift from the ’’olden days" when the "new kid", the latest-hired keeper, got "stuck" with nights — one of the most responsible jobs at the zoo! — until some other poor sucker hired in and got stuck. The result now is an experienced night staff, one which is interested in the nighttime work and committed to doing the best possible job, long term. End of digression. Even when there are no urgent concerns with the collection, the observa- tions we make at night have value, both in finding hitherto-unnoticed hazards and problems, and in providing information not normally available to daytime staff. One keeper on swing shift found three escaped Long- nosed Vipers ( ammodyte,^) and recovered them before they could es- cape down a drain or into a nook where they would have remained a serious hazard to human life until found and recaptured. Another keeper found a small mammal with its foreleg caught in a door. The animal lost the limb, but thanks to the keeper’s seeing it and calling in the vet, it did sur- vive. It would have died of shock before the daytime keepers could have found it. The night crew has been able to provide information about courtship and breeding activity — such as when the Snow Leopards ( UvU.CCL ULyilcd) were heard oestrus-calling later in the season than anyone expected, and when some waterfowl were observed in the early mornings investigating nest boxes, information which allowed bird keepers to prepare for egg-laying. Once the eggs are in the incubators, we check them throughout the night to be sure the eggs (and later delicate hatchlings) are okay. (Newborn felids and their mothers are monitored via closed-circuit TV.) VJe have occasionally detected early signs of inter- or intraspecific ag- gression and reported to the day staff, especially when new animals are introduced to an existing group. Night keepers here have less of the cleaning, feeding, etc. that we nor- mally associate with routine keeper duties, but we still keep a hand in. Since elephants sleep little, and ours are still in an awful barn and tiny, barren yard, they have no opportunity to graze during the nighttime hours they’re awake. Without the night staff, they’d have to stand around hungry for hours, until their humans arrived in the morning. Night keepers feed our herd once or twice per shift, on a flexible schedule, depending on how 440 CREATURES OF THE NIGHT: USING KEEPERS ' ROUND THE CLOCK, ConUna^d wakeful the animals are. If they're asleep, we keep checking and feed them once they're up; but we don't wake them up to eat. During the colder months, when they can't or won't willingly go outside, they'd be forced to stand or lie in their own waste all night, except that we can kick them out and clean off the floor of the barn, and thus give them a cleaner place to eat and sleep. This practice also seems to have a salutary effect on their feet. The single most time-consuming task on graveyard shift is the warehousing At WPZG, the keepers in each unit submit food and supply orders daily, or as needed. In order to get supplies to each unit as early as possible, the night staff agreed several years ago to have the people on graveyard assemble the supplies and have them ready for loading onto the delivery truck. The warehouser now has more time for his tasks, such as grinding pelletized food into dust, as diet bases, and for cutting meat. The practice of using night keepers for part of the warehousing has had the spinoff effect of opening up communications between the keeper and ware- house staffs. Each has its own specialization, of course; people with experience in both areas can see relationships and draw conclusions not available to more specialized workers. For instance, if there's a sudden change or increase in a unit's orders, we might notify the senior ware- houser that the change is because the unit in question has received some new animals, or has taken over the care of an existing group. Likewise, knowing what's on hand, we can advise keepers on what kind of information is needed for a supply order to be filled to their specifications. The warehouser s are supposed to be composing a procedure for this information but meantime, even disseminated piecemeal, it's useful. We can give keepers a head start by draining the several pools that are so large they take hours to empty and fill again. Started in the wee hours, the pools are empty and ready to clean by the start of the day shift, and can easily be refilled by the end of the day. We frequently have off-hours observers. This zoo participates with the University of Washington in producing a course on captive wild animal behavior. Often, students must observe their subjects at night to get their data. With a night crew on duty, a student may come in at any hour be escorted to the study area, and if needed, provided with a two-way radio for safety, and let off-grounds at the appointed time. This allows for a wider range of subjects to be studied, and a wider time sample for recording behavior. Security is a consideration at every wild animal institution. Being in the middle of a large city, WPZG has more problems with human than ani- mal intrusion. The night keeper staff has carried security measures be- yond any practiced by rent-a-cops. This is not to downgrade the job done by security officers, many of whom are able. But again, keepers have special insights into security aspects that might not occur to a rent-a- cop. Having served on the daytime staff, we have a good idea of where a tresspasser is likely to go for entertainment or easy thieving. We know the grounds intimately; and, since those working at night keep in radio contact, we can call another person or persons to assist with cap- ture, predicting the possible flight path from point of discovery. We have pursued an increasingly aggressive policy in dealing with intruders, resulting in fewer human nocturnal tresspassers each year. But even a mid-city zoo has its problems with animal intruders. The night crew reports to our pest-and-predator-control person when we spot 441 CREATURES OF THE NIGHT: USING KEEPERS 'ROUND THE CLOCK, ConUnu^d marauding cats; likewise, sudden concentrations of rats, which are more easily spotted at night. We*ve seen and tracked raccoons and reported their presence. The wild owls that live on grounds during the colder months are normally seen first by night keepers. Since the owls prey on pinioned birds in open exhibits, timely detection results in being able to protect the birds before any are taken. And there is the occasional animal escape. Keepers are obviously more qualified than nonkeepers to capture an escapee safely. Another part of our job is to patrol the perimeter fence daily and report any breach in the integrity of the fence. Often we slap a temporary patch on a hole until the city's fence crew can get a permanent one in place. The city's emergency services have keys to the perimeter gate, but not to the zoo's buildings. Having keepers around in case of fire, for instance, insures that firefighters can get in wherever they need to extinguish a blaze. Fire procedures posted in each unit allow a keeper the best shot at saving the part of the collection menaced by a fire. (So far, no fire at this zoo has gotten to the point of threatening any part of the collec- tion. ) Now, keepers participating in security work does not mean that we are ersatz rent-a-cops. In formulating our security policy, we have consulted and improved relations with the police department, and sought the advice of consultants from security agencies. All staff assigned to night work — keepers, attendants, maintenance staff — keep their eyes and ears open while on grounds, and use any slack time for patrolling. Each carries a radio, and we keep in touch frequently, both to track one another and to be sure everyone's okay. One officer in charge of security, augmented by a small night staff that has some time to help out, can be plenty for a large zoo. But if you must choose between a keeper and any other kind of employee, I reiterate my suggestion that the former is the better option. During rounds, we somtimes come across breakdowns, whether as simple as a burned-out heat lamp or as problematic as a dead furnace. In each case, the night keeper must decide whether to correct the problem immediately, to let it wait and notify the daytime keeper concerned, or to call for help. Usually the last is only in the event that we cannot fix the prob- lem ourselves, and speedy repairs are urgent — for instance, a dead furnace on a freezing night, with the building temperature at or near critical low. Again, knowledge of the collection and its needs shows its importance. When you're on a tight budget, as many wildlife institutions are, every penney counts, and repairs at overtime rates cost dearly. I have tried to give examples from the diverse areas of zoo operations where keepers working all night can provide valuable services to supple- ment daytime keeping. Even one nighttime keeper per shift makes a big difference in the quality of captive wildlife management — a difference for the better. Having keepers on at night need not entail heavy additional wages. Work can be rescheduled for nights — for example, preparing some diets— and most or all of night keepers' wages can be paid out of what you save in over- time costs and preventable deaths or damage. Even a small institution can support what is, in my opinion, a necessary, not just a desirable ser- vice. With zoos and their fellow wildlife institutions in the front line of de- fense against extinction; with the many rare and valuable species under 442 CREATURES OF THE NIGHT: USING KEEPERS 'ROUND THE CLOCK, ConUnuo^d our care; with our espoused commitment to quality in the zoo experience, both for the public and the collection, can you afford to forego this essential service? APPENDIX I: SAMPLE CHECKSHEET FOS SWING SHIFT Check message board and log book for news and changes in procedure.* Check all locks and doors at all unit service areas.* Check all specimens as you pass through.* Check all furnaces twice per shift during winter months, and once, spring through fall. Record boiler temperatures and initial furnace checksheet.* Check service areas for special notes from keepers.* Turn off light switches and circuit breakers: Apes, Aviary, Felines, Australasia, Tropical House, Nocturnal House, Gorillas & others as requested. Check to see that hot wires are working on Stanley Crane, Hartlaub's Duck, and Australasian enclosures.* Check the condition of the perimeter fence. Report new damage.* Bring in the Gorilla troop; feed vitamins and get them settled for the night (seasonal). Bring in the Patas Monkey troop (seasonal). Help bring in Giraffe; close the rollups on their barn at dusk (seasonal) Close the Aviary roof vents if needed (seasonal)* Check predatory bird lights at the Savanna duck pond and behind Australasian (seasonal)* Feed infants and record vital signs as needed.* Feed elephants once or twice per shift. Clean barn floor if the herd is restricted to indoors.* Back up elephant keeper for chaining, if needed. Close public doors at Aviary, Primate, Great Apes, Waterfowl, Pheasantry; check public entries at other units. Be sure all visitors have left the grounds before closing the exit turnstiles . Lock all restrooms. Lock gates at Rose Garden, east and west sides. Note and report the presence of pest and wild predatory animals.* Patrol grounds for security problems.* Handle paperwork.* Meet and brief your relief keeper at end of shift. *Also applies to graveyard shift. APPENDIX II: SAMPLE CHECKSHEET FOR GRAVEYARD SHIFT In addition to the starred items in Appendix I: By 0200, turn off lights in Aviary plant room. 000-0100, milk goat. Set out food and supply orders at Gommissary (allow 2-3 hours) . Prepare Panda gruel. Turn thermostats to 55® wherever heat's not needed for animals or sensitive equipment. By 0600, turn on Gorilla outdoor heaters, if needed. Turn furnaces on or off as needed. After daybreak, open exit turnstiles. At 0730, admit early volunteers. By 0630 Tues .-Thurs .-Sat . , start Hippo pool draining. By 0500 Thurs., start Otter pool draining. On Thurs., drain Penguin pool to about 3' deep and close drain. 443 CREATURES OF THE NIGHT: USING KEEPERS 'ROUND THE CLOCK, CoYiUnadd APPENDIX II: Continued Sat. -Sun., Holidays, open Rose Garden after daybreak. At about 0700, be available as backup for elephant unchaining. By 0600 during heating season, turn thermostats in Vet office to 68°. In cold weather: Break up ice on ponds. Knock accumulated snow off overhead nets and threatened trees. Slightly lower net over Marsh exhibit, if snow accumulates. In hot weather: Activate circulation fans wherever needed. Turn in all gear at night crew’s office. URINARY HORMONE TESTING By SLU>an Moy, AnJjnat Ko^^pin. LincLotn Pcuik Zoo, Ckd-oago, JL Wild animals are decreasing in numbers in their natural habitats due to over hunting and destruction of forests. Some governments have put heavy restrictions on animal exportations while the U.S. government has banned many animals from importation. Thus captive breeding is becoming more important and it will be the main source of acquiring new animals. There are many problems with captive breeding. Certain females must re- main separated from the male due to aggression, being introduced only dur- ing the time of estrus. Some females must remain separated due to disturb- ed sexual behavior. Keeping males, such as elephants, may not be possible in some institutions. And some captive populations are too small for ade- quate breeding (Matern, 1983). In many cases, artificial insemination (AI) is a last recourse in captive breeding (Matern, 1983) . Determination of estrus cycles of these animals is needed for management, breeding and arti- ficial insemination. Estrus in many species is imperceptible. Six methods are currently used for ovulation determination (Matern, 1983) Recording daily rectal tem- perature is the first method. This can be very difficult and inaccurate even with trained primates. Another method is measuring daily serum hor- mone levels for luteinizing hormone (LH) ; however, this requires anesthesia. Laproscopy to directly observe estrus developments of the ovary also re- quires anesthesia. The stress of anesthesia has been reported to postpone ovulation (Lasley, 1982). Vaginal smear sample studies also involve some handling stress. The monitoring of the swelling of the vulva works well with some primate species such as chimpanzee, baboon, talpoin, and pig- tail (Kraemer, 1980). The last method is the use of a human pregnancy test to determine LH in urine and thus determine the time of ovulation. The collection of urine samples eliminates the stress factors noted in the other methods. It is necessary to have some knowledge of the mammalian estrus cycle to undertake this study. Before a new cycle starts, the corpus lutem (CL) from the prior cycle abruptly regresses and progesterone levels drop. This causes estrogen to secrete, rising to peak levels. This triggers a discharge of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and LH to be released 444 URINARY HORMONE TESTING, CoyvUna^d from the pituitary. Estrogen levels trigger a rise in LH. Depending on the species, ovulation occurs very near the LH peak. A new CL develops from this ovulation which begins to secrete progesterone. At the end of the cycle, the CL regresses and the progesterone levels drop; providing the animal is not pregnant. The cycle repeats itself. In this study, a human pregnancy test was used to attempt to determine ovulation by LH cross-reactivity with urinary chorionic gonadotropin (UCG) . Hormones are very similar among species; therefore, may be detected by non-specific tests. So far the chemical structure of nonhuman primate CG’s can only be implied from the information known of the human HG, be- cause there has not been a sufficient quantity of the hormone for a de- tailed structure study (Hodgen, 1981). The chemical structure of UCG and LH are very similar, having molecular weights of about 30,000 and are composed of 2 subunits (Baird, 1972). The UCG originates in the placenta during pregnancy. The presence of UCG in urine causes a positive reaction in the pregnancy test. As mentioned earlier, LH originates in the pituit- ary and act on the ovary causing ovulation. Therefore, just before ovula- tion. Therefore, just before ovulation, LH is present in the urine. Be- cause of the similarities of UCG and LH, the LH in the urine may cross- react with UCG in the pregnancy test causing a false positive. Therefore, a human pregnancy test should be able to tell us when females are coming into estrus. METHODS AND MATERIALS The animals used for this study were a black howler monkey [KtouJXa dOJUiya) , a lion-tailed macaque ( Macacia -6-t£en(x2> ) , and two tamanduas iTomandua tQjyiadcuityta. ) . Each of these animals were caged separately. The lion- tailed macaque was too submissive to be compatible with a male. She has lost a leg due to a bad bite from the male. Ovulation detection was need- ed to determine timing for AI. The howler was too aggressive to associate normally with a male. It was desirable to know if she was cycling normal- ly. The tamanduas were also too aggressive to be kept with a male. They were introduced to the male singly using howdy cages. If behavioral signs demonstrated estrus, the female tamandua was put in the male’s cage. Be- havioral observations were compared with data of this study. Also radio- immunoassay tests were performed concurrently which were also compared for each animal. The first morning urine of each animal was collected daily, using a dis- posable pipette or syringe. Samples were then transferred into 2 ml vials. The pipettes or syringes were disposed of. Reusing the collection apparatus can affect accuracy. For each animal studied, a data collection sheet was kept. The time of collection, the collector's name, and the amount collect- ed were recorded. Comments were important on medical treatments, behavior- al observations, or contaminants such as food, water, or feces in urine samples. Any water diluted the hormone concentrations. Chemicals in other contaminants cross-react with the UCG and cause an incorrect result. The vials were labeled and taken to the refrigerator in the building. They were later taken to the freezer in the zoo hospital. Urines were eventually taken for permanent storage in a low temperature freezer to prevent hormone deteriations . The test used was the UCG Quicktube Wampole's Tube Pregnancy Kit for Urine. The test detects UCG in the urine by hemagglutination inhibition. In the test tube the UCG -coated red blood cells aggutinate with the UCG antiserum, settling out to form a mat of coated cells in the bottom of the test tube. If UCG was present in the urine sample, inhibition of 445 URINARY HORMONE TESTING, ConUnued coated cells and antibody take place. This caused the cells to bind to- gether and slide down the side of the test tube forming a ring on the bottom. Such a test was recorded positive. In urine samples with no UCG, no hemagglutination took place and a mat of cells was formed. Such a test was recorded negative (Wampole, 1978). Results were usually read in two hours. Some tests were read after standing overnight. Materials needed UCG Quicktube Kit Disposable pipettes or syringe, callibrated to 0.1 ml for the test Glass, round-bottomed test tubes Test tube stand and rack, mirror Urine samples, 0.25 ml per test The procedure outlined in the kit was followed. Movement of the test tubes in any way resulted in disrupted ring formation and gave a false reading. A mirror was placed under the test tubes for reading of the test results. Test tube rack stands with mirrors attached at a 45° angle made visual reading very simple for many tests done at one time. DATA The data of the tests was recorded on a separate calendar for each animal studied. (+) was recorded for positive, (-) for negative, and (I) for in- conclusive test results. This was not a quantitative test but qualitative There is a method for determining concentrations in the kit instructions. BLACK HOWLER MONKEY Samples were studied over a period of 11 months with 49% missing. There seemed to be no pattern of positive test results due to the high number of missing urines. Radioimmunoassay tests (RIA) for pregnandiol (PDIOL) and estrone were performed on these urines. The PDIOL concentrations measured 2,000 to 70,000 ng/ml. Progesterone levels are low when LH peaks { at the time of ovulation. Also at this time, estrogen levels are rising. j Therefore, a correlation should be evident. There was a 50% of these cor- relations. Correlations can be made but missing samples do not allow j determination of the regularity of cycles. LION-TAILED MACAQUE ■ Samples were studied over a 22-month period, with 38% samples missing. Days of menses were recorded on the data calendar. This occurred each month lasting 1 or 2 days. On occasions of 2-day menses, blood was pre- ! sent late the first day and early the next. The days of menses ranged from 26 to 33 days apart. Fifty-five per cent of these occurred between 28 and 30 days and 6% occurred on the 29th day. There was an 84% fre- quency of 1 or more positives per cycle. Of these 63% occurred at the 10th to the 15th day and 37% occurred at the 12th to 15th day, the midterm. In the last six months of the study, urine samples were tested less frequent- ly. Due to the ability to predict the LH peaks at this time, it was no longer necessary to test daily samples. TAMANDUA Two tamandua were used in this study. There were many urines missing. There were no detectable patterns in the pregnancy test results. No correlations could be made with the RIA samples as well due to the lack of samples. However, there was a 65% agreement with the behavioral study. 446 URINARY HORMONE TESTING, Contlna2.d DISCUSSION I came across some problems with this study. The first is urine collec- tion. There was a high frequency of missing urine samples. This was not the fault of the collectors. The urines were impossible to acquire at times due to being absorbed in cage bedding, the animal had managed to urinate off of the collection tray, or spilled her water bowl over the urine sample. Sometimes the collector did not take the urine sample to the freezer very frequently. This may have caused hormonal deteriorations which may have affected accuracy. Another problem that occurred was read- ing the data. The rings formed were seldom clear. Many of these rings were only partially formed. I suspect that this may have been due to using a test created for humans on animals. I sketched pictures of the first few hundred tests I ran, determining the result later when I was more familiar with them. There have been many similar studies done. A pregnancy test for primates was compared with behavioral observations by Matern (1983) on chimpanzees to detect LH peaks. Mitchell et. al. (1985) also did a behavioral study comparison with a study comparing pregnandiol and estrogen concentrations. Both of these are similar to this tamandua portion of the study. Hobson (1976) used a human and primate pregnancy test comparison on apes and baboons. At least two studies have been performed using the lion-tailed macaque. Shideler et. al. (1983) studied estrogen and LH levels in urine for monitoring ovulation and implantation. Shideler et. al. (1985) per- formed a study of 20-hydroxyprogresterone in urine cross-reactivity eval- uations. And also very similar to this study Lasley et. al. (1982) was able to detect ovulation in the lowland gorilla comparing behavioral studies. CONCLUSION This test can help to confirm estrus if: 1. ) Samples are taken daily, and if possible over a 24-hour period; other- wise, missing urines cause holes in the data which cause incomplete or misleading information. It is not known exactly when the LH peak occurs in many species, therefore, the testing of 24-hour samples for determin- ing the time of day will be more accurate. 2. ) A second test method is used concurrently to support the LH detection. Behavioral observations are the simplest to use but not always possible in certain situations. A radioimmunoassay test will establish cycle character- istics such as cycle length and midterm by charting of hormone levels. Once cycle characteristics including menses are known, the day of the LH peak can be predicted. Therefore it was not necessary to test daily sam- ples. Once the cycle had been charted, LH detections are used to isolate the ovulation event or to follow the subsequent cycle periods. There- fore, the test should be very useful for artificial insemination programs as well as breeding 'problem' species or individuals. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am very grateful to: Jillian Grade for editing this paper; Dr. Lothrop of the University of Tennessee, College of Veterinary Medicine, for per- forming RIA tests on tamandua urine samples; Ken Gould of the Yerkes Primate Center for his advising; Dr. Chatterton of Northwestern Illinois University, College of Medicine, for performing RIA tests on macaque and howler urines and for his advising; Drs. Meehan, Schaffer, Wolff, of the LPZ veterinary staff, and Joel Pond, veterinary technician, for their 447 URINARY HORMONE TESTING, Continued constant guidance and patience throughout this project; Dennis Meritt, Jr., Assistant Director, LPZ for his assistance; and Dr. Lester Fisher, Direct- of LPZ, for his support. REFERENCES Baird, D.T. 1972. "Reproduction Hormones" in Austin, C.R. and Short R.V. (editors) Reproduction in Mammals Book ^ Hormones in Reproduction. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Cabrera, H.A. 1962. "A Comprehensive Evaluation of Pregnancy Tests". Am. J. Obst. Gynecol. 102:32. Dukelow, W.R. 1980. "Captive Breeding and Laproscopy in Nonhuman Primates" in Morrow, D.A., D.V.M., Ph.D. (editor) Current Therapy in Treatment and Prevention of Reproductive Diseases in Animals . W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia. Hobson, B.M. 1976. "Evaluation of the Subhuman Primate Tube Test for Pregnancy in Primates". Laboratory Animals 10:87-91. Kraemer, D.C. 1980. "Reproduction and Sexual Cycles in Nonhuman Primates". In Morrow, D.A. , D.V.M. , Ph.D. (editor) Current Therapy in Treatment and Prevention of Reproductive Diseases in Animals. W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia. Hodgen, G.O. 1981. "Primated Chorionic Gonadotropins - Their Comparative Biological, Immuniological , and Chemical Properties". In Publication No. 115 of the Oregon Regional Primate Research Center. Lasley, B.L., Czekala, M.W., and Presley, S. 1982. "Sexual Behavior and Urinary Ovarian Hormonal Concentrations During the Lowland Gorilla Menstral Cycle". Am. J. Primatol. supplement 1:45-50. Lau, H.L. 1971. "A New Simple Immunoassay for Human Chorionic Gonadotropin". Am. J. Obst. Gynecol. Matern, B. 1983. "Problems and Experiences in Performing Artificial Insemination in Bonobos ( Pan pantiCuAj . Zoo Biology 2:303-306. Meritt, D. 1974. "The Lesser Anteater". International Zoo Yearbook Vol. 15. Mitchell, W.R. , Lindsey, D.G., Shideler, S.E., Presley, S., and Lasley, B.L. 1985. "Sexual Behavior and Urinary Ovarian Hormone Concentrations During the Lowland Gorill Menstrual Cycle". Internet. J. Primatol. Vol. 6, No. 2:161-172. McDonald L.E., D.V.M. , Ph.D. 1980. Veterinary Endocrinology and Reproduction. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia. 303-310. Naqvi, R.H. and Lindberg, M.C. 1985. "Evaluation of the Subhuman Primate Pregnancy Test in the Rhesus Monkey (MdCCiaa muJicutta)" . J. Med. Primatol. 14:229-233. Rosenberg, B., PH.D. 1965. "Evaluation of a New Two Hour Pregnancy Test". Clin. Med. Aug. 1965 133-136. Sammarco, P. 1985. "A Tamandua Reproduction Project: In Progress". Animal Keepers’ Forum. Dec. 1985. Conference proceedings of the American Association of Zoo Keepers, Inc. Shideler, S.E., Czekala, N.W., Kassman, L.H., Lindberg, D.G., and Lasley, B.L. 1983. "Monitoring Ovulation and Implantation in the Lion-tailed Macaque ( MciccLCCl ^ttena^}". Biol, of Repro. 29:905-911. Simpson, E.R. , Ph.D. and MacDonald, M.D. "Endocrinology of Pregnancy". In Williams, R.H. , M.D. (Editor) W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia. 412-422. Wagner, W.C. 1980. "Principles in Hormone Therapy". In Morrow, D.A.., D.V.M., Ph.D. (editor) Current Therapy in Treatment and Prevention of Reproduc- tive Diseases in Animals. W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia. Wampole Laboratories, Division of Carter-Wallace, Inc., Cranbury, NJ 08512. UCG-Quicktube Wampole' s Tube Pregnancy Test for Urine Hemaglutination Instructions 1978. & 448 DEVELOPMENTAL NOTES ON LA PLATA THREE-BANDED ARMADILLO AND PACARANA lToli^pecUey& mcUaciu and V-lnomy^ bAa.nXcfeTi.) By Vat SammoAdo, loo Ke.e.peA L-lncoln PoAk Zoo, Chicago, JL The Endentate Lab is located in the basement of Lincoln Park Zoo’s Lion House. This off-exhibit area offers seculsion for studies in behavior, nutrition and reproduction of many little-known animals, including enden- tates, rodents and primates. A number of scientific papers have been pro- duced from the lab, including information from Dennis Merrit that is basic to these developmental notes. Zoos receive recognition for committment to captive breeding of difficult animals from the American Association of Zoological Parks and Aquariums (AAZPA) in the form of Edward H. Bean Awards. Lincoln Park Zoo was so recognized in 1974 for breeding the La Plata Three-Banded Armadillo. Dur- ing the years from 1969 through 1974 there were eighteen births of this species in our zoo, with information on these published by Dennis Meritt in the International Zoo Yearbook, Number 16, (1967). After reduced pro- duction, then none for five years, babies are again being born. Six have been produced in the last three years; two of these have been successfully mother-raised . Evidence of the first birth in this series included the discovery of baby parts during cage cleaning, 115 days after a noted breeding. On 8 Febru- ary 1985, five months later, this pair was again seen mating. The male died 10 May, but Ashley was born on 29 June, 143 days after the sighting, 50 days following her father’s death. From previous statistics, Ashley’s 81. 5g birthweight was within normal range. Data from six of the past births show a range from 68g to 102g, the mean being 85g. From day one the baby increased weight at a rate consistent with earlier growth charts. The curve skyrockets for the first four months, with a few pauses, and only three small losses: one at the time of increasing activity at one month; two at 2 months and 3h months, when Ashley began eating solid foods. These later losses may Indicate weaning, since her mother lost then re- gained 25g during the same period. The baby was weighed nearly daily, without apparent stress to either mother or Ashley, and weekly the outline of Ashley’s ball was traced as she grew from a inch (6.25cm) pink ’’handball” to her current 6 inch (15cm) ’’cantalope” size. Adults, both male and female, flutuate in weight over a period of two weeks by as much as 20g. Ashley is starting this pattern of gains and losses, although still on an overall upward curve. Adult weights range from 1150g to 1420g; Ashley’s mother’s normal weight is 1275g. The mother has been alone in the pen since the death of her mate; this may have contributed to the baby’s survival. Nursing was noted on day one. Because the two continued to curl up together, nose into the other’s belly, it is difficult to tell when nursing stopped. Unlike many other mammals that have mothers who finally allow nursing after baby’s insistance, the armadillo mother was often seen nuzzling and grooming the napping infant to encourage nursing. Until the suspected weaning period, Ashley was not seen soliciting mom. The baby’s eyes opened on the 14th day; she began roaming the pen at three 449 DEVELOPMENTAL NOTES ON LA PLATA THREE-BANDED ARMADILLO AND PACARANA, ConX’d weeks; was found nesting alone at 4 weeks, at the same time as mother seemed to be schooling her in trailing. At 5 weeks a plate with 1-inch (2.5cm) walls was provided to facilitate the baby’s possible attempt to eat and drink. By 8 weeks, the baby was scratching at and nibbling from the floor of the pen, and was definately eating at 11 weeks. On 21 November, mother was very active and showed vaginal blood. Guessing that she was sexually receptive, she was moved to a male’s pen for the day. No interest was apparent that day or the next, with each sleeping in neutral corners. This was the female’s only contact with a male until the birth of her son 122 days later. All was calm, but Ashley was separated to eliminate the possibility of her stealing the baby’s share of milk. Unfortunately this baby did not survive more than the day, in spite of a good birthweight of 78g. Another female produced a baby of 55g, apparently premature, with a gesta- tion range between 65 to 110 days. Baby parts were found in another case after a definite gestation of 118 days, and this same female produced a healthy and growing male baby on 16 July 1986. This baby’s birthweight was 78g, and much of his development mirrors Ashley’s, except that he flirted with opening his eyes over a two-week period, sometimes having one open for a day, then resealed for two or three days before opening both and hiding them again. This mother was initially more nervous, but still allowed daily measure- ments of the infant. Besides carrying the baby by foreleg or carapace, this mother often rolled the baby to the location of her choice using her nose and taking advantage of the baby’s balled-up attitude. This baby began eating on his own without the encouragement of the training dish and is now nearly 700g in weight. Mother showed vaginal blood two weeks after the birth, and more than usual activity. An introduction to a male was arranged, and the end of October should tell if there is a post-partum ovulation in this species. Unlike other females, this one continued to gain weight after birth, and through- out the nursing period. This may be an indicator of a successful breeding. Females are watched for active periods indicative of sexual receptivity, and are allowed access to males on those days. Mounting and copulation occur as soon as ten minutes after introductions. The limited encounters should provide for collection of good gestation data, and eliminate the possibility of males damaging babies. In at least one case, it was a lone female that left only parts of a baby, so this may not be a fool- proof method of guaranteed success. The animals seem content alone, and this is one factor in Ashley and Drew successfully approaching full size. Another animal housed in the lab, although not an endentate, is the Paca- rana, a large rodent of the Andes Mountains. Rarely seen in nature, and held in only nine zoos in the world, the current captive population num- bers slightly over forty. Lincoln Park Zoo has eight Pacarana, 1:3 adults and 3:1 young. Our first birth is the mother of the present babies. Our first female Pacarana was born in Tokyo on 9 January 1980, and arrived pregnant at Lincoln Park Zoo. Poppy, born 24 June 1982, gave birth to triplets on 19 August 1985, after a gestation of less than 194 days. Pre- vious gestation figures range from 223 to 283 days from Dr. Eisenberg at National Zoologicla Park, and less than 252 days from our first birth are being further defined. A fourth baby was born to Poppy, produced from an apparent post-partum 450 DEVELOPMENTAL NOTES ON LA PLATA THREE-BANDED ARMADILLO AND PACARANA,CoRt' d ovulation, 213 days after the birth of the litter, and 145 days since the male was removed. When Poppy was born, her mother was our only Pacarana and was housed alone. Poppy’s babies were born with grandmother and their father present. As is Pacarana style, all six would sometimes be found packed into a single kennel, piled atop one another. Most often mother and babies would be in one box, the other two in another. The triplets (2.1) were born eyes open and able to walk akwardly on the first day, galloping and bouncing by day 3, and tasting solid food by day 4. One of the male babies was found weak on the second day, treated for pneumonia, and kept for hand-raising by Dennis Meritt. Aptly named Lazarus, he returned to the family four months later. From that point, weights have been recorded at two-week intervals, as allowed, to compare the growth of the mother-raised babies, and how smaller Lazarus is catching up. All have now exceeded the limits of the available scale. As the babies began to move well, they would follow mom or any of the adults, with a few inches interval. On one occasion, a baby became con- fused, switched from following mom to granny. The adult carefully led the baby around the enclosure to where mom had settled and quickly ducked away in an apparent attempt to ditch the baby. Unfortunately, it took a second trip around the kennel for the maneuver to show success. The babies would occasionally demand the kennel in which dad and granny slept, by entering the box, chirping, and watching the adults bail out as if in terror. All the adults are extremely tolerant of the babies. The adult male was moved out for an introduction to another female. In November, granny suddenly became aggressive to the babies, tossing them away from her. She was separated from the family immediately. Sudden aggression in this usually calm animal has been noted as females, approxi- mayely a mid-term pregnancy, begin attacking their keepers. After wait- ing well past possible gestation, granny has again been returned to the male for another breeding. On 24 March 1986, the single infant was born to Poppy with the last litter present. The hand-raised Lazarus was seen to be hostile to the baby, and attempted nursing from the mother. A barrier was positioned to divide the sections of the enclosure, with mom and infant on one side, triplets on the other. The baby was small enough to get through to his siblings for the first few days, returning to mom at will. After a few weeks, the barrier was removed and the family is again peacefully living together. The baby is growing quickly, still nursing, but eating produce well in Pacarana sit-up style. References Collins, L.R. and Eisenberg, J.F., Notes on the Behavior and Breeding of Pacaranas {VJ^nomy^ bn.ayu.ckAA.) in Captivity. International Zoo Yearbook //12, 1972. Meritt, Dennis A., Jr., The Development of the La Plata Three-Banded Armadillo {TotypCLVtQJ> moXaCiU ] at Lincoln Park Zoo. International Zoo Yearbook #11, 1971. Meritt, Dennis A., Jr., The Pacarana ( Vnnomy^ bnayUckAA.) . In ONE MEDICINE, Oliver A. Ryder and Mary L. Byrd (eds) . Merrit, Dennis A., Jr., The La Plata Three-Banded Armadillo (ToZypCiitLU) moJiacuU> ) in Captivity. International Zoo Yearbook #16, 1976. 451 lyi^tUjuutioyii> Making to adv2AttJ>Q, mploymunt oppontaviittd^ axz. cuik^d to 6md p^Attndyit data by tkd 15th oi mok month to: OppoaCuntty Knocfu/ AKf, 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606. Please tnclude closing date^ {,o^ po^A,- tton^ avaiZable. Then.e t6 no ehoJige ion. thJji ^oAvtee and phone- tn LUt- tng6 oi po^ttion6 lAjhtch become avatlable cto6e to deadtlne oAe accepted. ELEPHANT KEEPER. . .must have previous experience handling elephants. Will assist trainer with two African cows as well as work other hoof stock. Salary commensurate with experience. Send resume to: Mike Pyritz, Cura- tor of Mammals, Riverbanks Zoological Park, 500 Wildlife Parkway, Columbia, SC 29210. MAMMAL KEEPER. .. requires minimum of two years’ experience with either small mammals or carnivores. Send letter by 15 January 1987 detailing experience and career goals along with three (3) letters of recommendation to Anna Marie O’Mara, Personnel Department, Philadelphia Zoological Gar- den, 34th St. & Girard Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19104. ELEPHANT KEEPER. . .requires ability and experience (3-5 years) in the handling and training of elephants. Send letter by 15 January 1987 detailing experience and career goals along with three (3) letters of recommendation to Anna Marie O’Mara, Personnel Department, Philadelphia Zoological Garden, 34th St. & Girard Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19104. Ai/JCULTURJST. . .requires advanced degree in zoology and expertise with birds in captive breeding programs. Respon- sible for management of endangered birds, related research and record keeping. Coastal Georgia location. Salary based on experience, with benefits. Send resume with letter and salary history to: John Fairbairn, Personnel Department, New York Zoological Society, 185th Street and Southern Blvd., Bronx, NY 10460. O P P 0 r t u n 1 t y k n o c k s CURATORIAL IMTERM. . .requires masters or higher degree specializing in biological or animal sciences. One- to two ^-year training position in volving practical experience in management of captive breeding studies. Send resume to: Personnel Department, New York Zoological Society, 185th Street & Southern Blvd., Bronx, NY 10460. MOVING????? If you are moving, PLEASE advise National Headquarters as soon as possible about your new address. This will both keep you from missing your issues of AKF (Second Class Mail is not automatically forwarded) and wTTT save AAZK the ex- pense of address unknown/return postage due which must be paid whenever an AKF is returned to us because of an unknown or outdated address. National AAZK also has to pay a fee everytime a member's name/address is either put in or taken out of the computer at the mailing service. Send address changes to; Ean.ban.a Man^peake^, Admint^t^attv e SecKeta^y AAZK National Headqaan.te^6 , 63 5 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 666 06 452 AAZK Regional Coordinators Co-Directors Regional Coordinator System States East of Mississippi - Diane Krug, Rt. 1, Box 273, Hillard, FL 32046. (904) 225-9559 (work) (904) 845-4279 (home) States West of Mississippi - Debbera Stecher, Woodland Park Zoo, 5500 Phinney Ave. North, Seattle, WA 98103 (206) 625-5402 (work) (206) 745-8198 (home) REGIONAL COORDINATORS John Linehan, Franklin Park Zoo, Boston, MA (617) 442-7646 (w) for the states of ME,VT,NH,MA,RI ,CT Peter Buchholz, Bronx Zoo, New York (212) 220-5154 (w) (718) 229-7711 (h) for the state of NY Gene Pfeffer, Philadelphia Zoo, PA (215) 243-1100 (w) for the states of PA,NJ,MD,DE VACANCY - for the states of W.VA,VA,D.C. VACANCY - for the state of Michigan Lynne Villers, Indianapolis Zoo, IN (317) 547-3577 (w) for the states of IN,0H,KY Larry Sammarco, Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, IL (312) 294-4660 (w) for the states of WI ,IL,M0,MN,IA Pat Hook, Riverbanks Zoo, Columbia, SC (803) 779-8717 (w) for the states of TN,NC,SC Tim Kurkowski, Zoo Atlanta, Atlanta, GA (404) 624-5600 (w) (404)428-0535 (h) for the states of GA,AR,AL Marcelle Guidry, Greater Baton Rouge Zoo, LA (504) 775-3877 (w) (504) 388- 9392 (h) for the states of LA, MS VACANCY - for the state of FL John R. Turner, Denver Zoo, Denver, CO for the states of C0,NM,TX Steve Tigges, Tulsa Zoological Park, Tulsa, OK for the states of 0K,NE,KS,ND,SD Laurence Gledhill, Woodland Park Zoo, Seattle, WA (206) 625-5497 (w) for the states of WA,0R,ID,MT,WY,AK Art Goodrich, San Diego Zoo, San Diego, CA for the states of CA,NV,UT,AZ Honolulu AAZK Chapter (Dan Vitiello, Pres.) (808) 923-4772 (w) for the Hawaiian Islands Neville Howard Pike, Metro Toronto Zoo, Box 280, West Hill, Ontario MIE 4R5 for the Province of Ontario, Canada Bob Debets, Assiniboine Park Zoo, 2235 Corydon Ave., Winnipeg, Manitoba R3P 0R5 (204) 489-3893 (home) for the Province of Manitoba, Canada Marcia Rasmussen, Calgary Zoo, P.O. Box 3036, Stn. B., Calgary, Alberta (403) 235-5461 (home) for the Province of Alberta, Canada Need mmbeA^kip Xn^oAjnatlon? Want to texum moA,e. about AAZK on. 6tant a ckapteA. on, become. mon.c active - then catZ youn RC/ Thene an.e i>tWi open- ings ^on, RC posttions ion, the state oi Vlontda, ion, the state oi Uich^an and ion. the combined n,egton oi We6t i/tngtnta, Mtngtvua, and Washtngton, VC, li you ojie twten,ested In any oi these positions, please contact Viane Kn,ug, EasteAn U,S. Regional Co-ViAectoA. Vou may call Vtane collect at hen, home phone {904) S4S-4279 evenings aiten 6 p.m. EST, These tkn.ee positions oiien, a gAeat oppontunlty to become Involved In AAZK and to pAovlde a valu- able and necessoAy senvlce ioA the Association, NOTICE TO MEMBERS OF MEMBERSHIP RENEWAL PROCEDURES Over the years there seems to have been a considerable amount of confusion on the membership renewal process, especially in reference to how long a member is maintained on the AKF mailing list before being dropped. Hope- fully the following outline will help explain the renewal process and if this format is followed by renewing members, there should be no interrup- tion in their AAZK/AKF mailings. 1. Three months before a member's expiration date, a card notifying them of their need to renew their AAZK membership is sent. 2. At the beginning of the month in which an individual's membership is to expire, they are sent a "Final Reminder" card. If the member renews within that expiration month, there is no interruption in mailings. If a member fails to nenew within that month, their name is dropped off the active computer amiling list and they WILL NOT receive the next month's issue of AKF. (i.e. if you are due to renew in July and do not do so, you will not receive the August issue.) 3. If a member renews his/her membership after the expiration date, they will be reactivated on the mailing list. HOWEVER, depending on what time during the month the renewal is received, that person may end up missing up to two copies of the Forum. We have a cutoff date with our computerized mailing service for inserting additional mailing labels and if the renewal comes in after that date, that name is not added to the list until the next month. 4. After a member is dropped from the mailing list for (1) failure to renew or (2) failure to notify National Headquarters of an address change, and subsequently renews, they are NOT sent back issues which they may have missed due to late renewal or failure to notify National of an address change. These missed issues may be purchased for $1.00 per copy but will not be sent free. 5. Members are also reminded that the Association pays a charge of 20c per listing each time an individual's name is either deleted or added to the computer's mailing list. This is in addition to a 30q postage due fee which is assessed when a member moves and does not notify us of his/her new address. As you can see, this can become quite costly to the Association and so your prompt reply to your renewal notice is important and greatly appreciated. PROMPT RENEWAL SAVES AAZK TIME AND MONEY AND ASSURES YOU CURRENT MAILINGS AAZK KEEPER TRAINING VIDEO TAPE PROJECT The goal of the AAZK Keeper Training Video Tape Project is to produce quality video tape training programs suitable to supplement existing in- house training of entry level keepers. These tapes are not intended to be a complete training program in themselves. All proceeds generated from the sale of training tapes will be used to finance production of future training tapes. Two tapes are currently available. Zoo Keeper Safety; An Attitude Adjustment - This 18-minute program does not attempt to address the numerous variable specifics of this subject. It presents a safety approach to the job of zoo keeping, and promotes constant awareness and personal responsibility for safety. A Zoo Keeper's Introduction to Feeds and Feeding - A half hour introduc- tion to the complex subject of feeds and feeding of zoo animals. Topics covered include what, when, and where to feed. AAZK KEEPER TRAINING VIDEO TAPE PURCHASE AGREEMENT RESPONSIBILITIES AND RESTRICTIONS OF THE BUYER 1) The tape may not be duplicated or made available to any person or institution for the purpose of duplication. 2) The tape may not be utilized for any commercial purpose. 3) Should the buyer decide the tape will not be useful to their training program, the undamaged tape may be returned within 14 days of receipt for a partial refund - $10 for BETA and VHS, $18 for 3/4 inch. I, the undersigned, accept the responsibility for the restrictions list- ed above. NAME (Type or Print) SIGNATURE DATE ORGANIZATION/INSTITUTION SHIPPING ADDRESS ZIP TELEPHONE ( ) TAPE TITLE FORMAT: BETA VHS 3/4 INCH $25 $25 $35 Make checks payable to AAZK KEEPER TRAINING VIDEO TAPE PROJECT. Mail to: B. Wayne Buchanan Woodland Park Zoological Gardens 5500 Phinney Avenue North Seattle, WA 98103 AAZK STICKERS!!! Not only do we have the return of the popular 2"x3" sticker, we are also introducing a handy l"xU" sticker. DON'T WAIT - ORDER TODAY! Proceeds go toward AAZK (National) and the Appalachian Chapter of AAZK. Prices are: $1.50 for 2"x3" stickers, Ibi for l"xU" stickers. Order more than one - they will be turning up everywhere! Order from: AAZK STICKERS c/o Rosemary Jalink Mill Mountain Zoo P.O. Box 13484 Roanoke, VA 24034 Make checks payable to "AAZK Appalachian Chapter" AAZK STICKER ORDER FORM Please send 2"x3" stickers at $1.50 each l"xli" stickers at Ibi each TOTAL ENCLOSED NAME ADDRESS CITY STATE ZIP Please allow 2-3 weeks for delivery. Send to: AAZK Stickers, c/o Rosemary Jalink, Mill Mountain Zoo, P.O. Box 13484, Roanoke, VA 24034. AAZK Belt Buckles Are Now Available In Two Sizes From The San Diego Chapter These high-qual ity^ solid brass belt buckles feature the AAZK logo and come in either a 1" OR 1 3/4" belt size. An excellent way to 'wear' your support of AAZK! 1 1 Proceeds go toward AAZK National and the San Diego Chapter of AAZK. AAZK Belt Buckle Order Form Please send 1" buckles at $16.00 each $ Please send 1 3/4" buckles at $16.00 each $ Shipping s handling $1. 80/one buckle or $6. 00/five buckles $ TOTAL ENCLOSED $ Please allow up to four weeks for delivery. Name : Address: City: State: Zip: Please make checks payable to "AAZK San Diego Chapter" and send to: AAZK Belt Buckles c/o Terri Schuerman 15500 San Pasqual Valley Rd. Escondido. CA 92027-9614 finnouncing . . . AAZK is pleased to announce the availability of its new publication ZOONOTIC DISEASES. This 56-page booklet details the most common zoonotic di- seases, offers guidelines for preventive control and covers personal hygiene and disin- fection procedures. The booklet, a cooperative effort produced by the AAZK Keeper Education Committee, is produced in a 8i" by 11" format hole punched for in- sertion in a standard three- ring binder (not included). Copies may be purchased by completing the order form below. Prices are: $2.00 for Professional AAZK Mem- bers; $3.50 for other AAZK membership categories and $5.00 for non-members. This prices includes postage and handling. Order from: Zoo- notic Diseases, c/o AAZK National Headquarters, 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606. Make checks payable to "AAZK". including disinfection, personnel hygiene and bibliography. ZOONOTIC DISEASES ORDER FORM Please send _____ copy/copies of the AAZK Zoonotic Diseases Handbook to: NAME: ADDRESS: CITY: STATE: ZIP: MEMBERSHIP CATEGORY: P AF AS INST NON-MEM TOTAL AMOUNT INCLUDED: $ PLEASE ALLOW 4-6 weeks for delivery at Book Rate. IMPORTANT: THOSE ORDER- i ING OUTSIDE OF THE CONTINENTAL U.S. (including CANADA) should send an | additional $2.00 PER COPY for FIRST CLASS MAIL SERVICE. j SEND ORDER FORM AND CHECK OR MONEY ORDER MADE PAYABLE TO "AAZK" TO: I loomric visEASEs c/o AAIK National HcadquoAtoA^ , 635 Gage Blvd, Topeka, KS 66606 j AAZK T-SHIRTS ONCE AGAIN AVAILABLE! ! ! ! The Little Rock Zoo AAZK Chapter is pleased to announce that AAZK Logo T-Shirts are once again available. The T-Shirts are available in tan, blue or brown and are constructed of a 50/50 poly-cotton blend for long wear and easy care. The AAZK Rhino Logo is imprinted on the left front pocket area of each shirt. The price per shirt is $7.00 which included postage/handling. To order, please complete the form below and send with check or money order made out to "AAZK Little Rock Chapter". AAZK Logo T- Shirt Order Form Please send T-shirts at $7.00 each $ Total Enclosed ^ Name: Address: City: State: Zip: Color Choice: (please circle) Tan Blue Brown Size Choice: (please check) S M L Ex-L Send completed form to: AAZK T-Shirt Janet Meade AAZK Little Rock Chapter #1 Jonesboro Drive Little Rock, AR 72205 BIOLOGICAL VALUES II NOW AVAILABLE AAZK is pleased to be able to offer its members and other interested indi- viduals in the zoo community the newly published mammal reference booklet en- titled BIOLOGICAL VALUES FOR SELECTEV MAMMALS— 1985 EVITION. This updated and expanded edition is far more com- prehensive than the original edition. The 1985 Edition is a 112-page work containing biological data on 441 species of mammals. Included in the data are: common name, scientific name (identified by genus and species and arranged according to the 19 recogniz- ed orders of mammals), geographic range, normal adult size, normal adult weight, estrus cycle, gestation period, number of young, weaning, sexual maturity, life expectancy, body temperature, pulse and respiration rate, and names used for the male, female and young of each species. Three pages of the references for data given are included, as is a nine-page index of the selected mammals by common name with cross-indexing where consider- ed appropriate. A Table of Contents offers the researcher quick access to pertinent information. This handy and informative publication was researched and compiled by a team of seventeen zookeepers, docents, interns and zoo volunteers at the San Fran- cisco Zoo, and separately identifies and incorporates certain pertinent em- pirical data submitted by twenty zookeepers from twelve zoos throughout the world. Formated for quick and easy reference, and charmingly illustrated, this booklet will surely be an important and welcome addition to the library of any zookeeper and/or member of our zoo community. BIOLOGICAL VALUES FOR SELECTEV MAMMALS— 1985 EVITION is being offered for sale at the following prices: Professional Member ($4.00); Other AAZK Mem- bership Categories ($5.50); Non-Members ($7.00). This prices includes postage and handling. ORDERS OUTSIDE the U.S. need to add $2.00 per copy for First Class mail service. To order, fill out the form below or send necessary information to: BTologTcat VatuoA Book, do AAZK Natioiial 635 Gage Blvd, , Topeka, KS 66606. Make check or money order (U.S. FUNDS ONLY) payable to: "Biological Val ues/AAZK" . Domestic orders please allow 4-6 weeks for delivery at Book Rate. BIOLOGICAL VALUES ORDER FORM Please send copies, at $ each to: (PLEASE PRINT) Name Address City State/Privi nce_ Zip Please check membership category: P( ) AF( ) AS( ) INST( ) NON-MEM ( ) ATTENTION FELLOW AAZK NEFIBERS^ The AAZK Milwaukee Chapter now has coffee mugs avail- able to purchase. These beige porcelain mugs contain the National AAZK Rhino Logo design in dark brown. Cost of the mug is $5.50 which includes postage. Please send the order form below along with payment to: AAZK Mug c/o AAZK Milwaukee 10001 W. Bluemound Road Milwaukee. WI 53226 Please make checks payable to "AAZK - Milwaukee Chapter". AAZK Logo Coffee Mug Order Form NAME: (Type or Print) ADDRESS : ZIP: TELEPHONE : ( ) Please send AAZK Logo Coffee Mug(s) at $5.50 each. Total Amount Enclosed: $ AAZK MILWAUKEE CHAPTER INDEX FOR VOLUME XIII, NUMBERS 1-12, 1986 AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF ZOO KEEPERS 1st Call for Papers for AAZK Regional Jan 1 Zoo/U List Update Jan 1 Ap 113 From the Book Review Coordinator Jan 1 Theme for '86 AAZK Conference Jan 19 '86 Conference Photo Contest Jan 20 Keeper Konference Kronicles (Cartoons) Jan 20, Feb 44, Mar 76, Ap 120, May 152, Jun 174, Jul 208, Aug 240, Sept 268, Oct 304 AAZK Regional Coordinators List Jan 29, Feb 62, Mar 90, Ap 130, May 166, Jun 192, Jul 230, Aug 254, Sept 283, Oct 319, Nov 350, Dec 453 1986 AAZK Regional Registration Form Jan 31 New Appointments from AAZK Board of Directors Feb 33 Important Notice on AAZK Accessories Feb 33 From the Staff Exchange Coordinator Feb 33 From the President Feb 25 AAZK President Visits Japan Feb 35 Conference '86 1st Call for Papers/Photo Contest/Hotel Reservation Form/Assiniboine Park Zoo Profile Feb 44-47 From the Research/Grants Committee Feb 52 AAZK Great Lakes Regional Conf erence/agenda/f orms Feb 59-60 Announcing Zoonotic Diseases Handbook Feb 63, Mar 103, Ap 133, Jun 195, Sept 285 Biological Values II Now Available Feb 61, Mar 102, Ap 134, May 167, Jun 195, Sept 286 Final Call for Papers for Great Lakes Regional Mar 65 Mill Mountain Zoo Sticker Project Update Mar 65 Is your ADT Form Supply Running Low? Mar 65 Board of Directors Thanks Out- going Chairman Mar 65 CKE — Keeper Training Session Planned for AAZPA Regional Mar 70 From the Awards Committee Mar 72 Miami Conference Group Photo Mar 75 Conference '86-call for paper Mar 76 Conference '86-Photo Album Mar 77 Post-conference Tour Info Mar 78 Air Canada Convention Central — travel info Mar 79 AAZK Video Tape Order Form Mar 89 '86 AAZK Great Lakes Regional Registration/Hotel Form Mar 101 AAZK Regional Zoolympics Questionnaire Mar 100 Hats & Shirts for Sale from Atlanta Chapter Ap 105 Public Education Committee; "Managing One of the Most Difficult Animals of All: The Zoo Visitor" Ap 112 AAZK Great Lakes Regional Agenda/Zoolympics Ap 118 Conference '86 — -Oak Hammock: A Prairie Marsh Oasis Ap 120 Conference '86 — Photo Contest Ap 121 Conference Registration Form, Post Conference Trip Info/Form, Hotel Reservation Form BLUE INSERT in April through Sept issues From the Nominations & Election Committee May 137 1986 State of the Association Report May 142 Conference '86-2nd call for papers, car rental info, Air Canada info, post conference trip to Twin Cities May 152-155 From the Staff Exchange Team — An Update May 163 From the AAZK History Committee Jun 169 Notice to the Membership on Membership Renewal Procedures Jun 170 Conference '86: Winnipeg, the Four Season City; Room Rate Reduction Announced; Northwest Orient Travel Info Jun 174-76 Election '87 Jun 182 Election Nominator/Nominee Forms TAN INSERT - Jun, Jul, Sept, Nov AAZK Logo Coffee Mugs Available Jun 190, Jul 231, Sept 285 '86 Membership Directory in the Mails Jul 197 ADT Forms Available to Interested Zoos Jul 197 Attention All AAZK Chapters: Chapter Liaison Proposal Jul 198 T-Shirt Project Finds Home Jul 200 From the President Jul 201 CKE — Staff Exchange Update Jul 204 Special Notice on Election '87 Jul 206 Conference '86: Final call for papers, Zoolympics, photo album, tenative agenda/program, photo contest. Zookeeper training Work- shop Jul 208-213 462 AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF ZOO KEEPERS XcontTnuedT ~~ ~~~ Meet the AAZK Board of Directors; Jean Hromadka Jul 214 AAZK Chapters to Sponsor Two Indian Zookeepers Aug 233 Bids Being Accepted for 1988 AAZK National Conference Aug 233 Proposed By-laws Changes Aug 235 Conference ’86; Workshops | registra- tion deadline. Exhibitors, Arrival timetable; Great Discovery Adven- tures; Chinese Auction; Conference Program; Air Canada Travel info; Regis/Hotel Forms Aug 240-244 Meet the AAZK Board of Directors: Susan Barnard Aug 245 KAL Update Aug 252 Think Safety Column Coordinator Needed Sep 257 From the President' — Conference ’86 Sep 262 Proposed Agenda for AAZK Board Meetings Sep 263 Meet the AAZK Board of Directors: Oliver Claffey Sep 266 AAZK Keeper Training Video Tape Order Form Sep 267 Conference’ 86 : finfl notes, day rates; Northwest Orient info; car rental info; listing of papers; currency tips Sep 268-271 Election '87— call for nominations Sep 272 Bibliographies Available From AAZPA Librarians Group Sep 275 AAZK T-Shirts Available Once Again 1 Sep 284 ADT Forms Available from AAZK Oct 289 Important Notice on Chapter Affairs Oct 289 New Chairperson Named for Book Review Project Oct 290 1986 AAZK/AKF Award Recipients Oct 292-93 Keeper Training Materials Identi- fication Project Update Oct 296 Video Research Project UpdateOct 298 Conference ’86 Committee Listing Oct 303 AAZK Safety Project Available Oct 308 Meet the AAZK Board of Directors Frank Kohn Oct 311 AAZK Stickers Available AgainOct 319 Conference '86— A Job Well Done Nov 321 Diet Notebook Chairman Named Nov 321 AAZK’s 20th Anniversary Founder’s Weekend Nov 322 AAZK Infant Development Notebook Update Nov 327 Meet the AAZK Board of Directors: Kerry Hoffman Nov 328 Election '87: Nominator /Nominee Forms/details Nov 336 Conference '86 - Final Reflections Dec 353 From the President Dec 356 AAZK’s 20yh Anniversary 'Founder’s Weekend’ Dec 358 Overview of the 1986 AAZK Board of Director’s Annual Meeting Dec 360 AAZK Accessories & Publications Available - order forms Dec 454- 459 Regional Coordinators Listing ANIMAL KEEPERS' FORUM Dec 453 Letter to the Editor Jan 2 From the Book Review Coordinator Jan 18 How to Write It Right Jan 23 Zoonotic Diseases Order Form: Jan 30, Feb 63, Mar 102, Ap 133, May 165, Jun 194 Sept 285 Letter to the Editor Feb 34 Bio Values II Order Form; Feb 61, Mar 103, Ap 134, May 167, Jun 195, Sept 286 AKF Back Issues Sale: Mar 80, Ap 115, May 156, June (blue insert) Letter to the Editor Ap 106 Guidelines for Typing Papers for AAZK Conference Proceedings Ap 119 Correction May 138 New B&H Format Announced May 139 Bio Values — the research goes on Jun 185 One More Time. . .Please Notify Nat’l of Address Changes Aug 233 Winner of Book Cover Contest Announced Aug 234 Letter to the Editor Auf 234 Two Corrections of Note Sept 257 Think Safety Column Coor- dinator Needed Sept 257 1986 AKF Excellence in Journalism Award Winners Oct 292 Correction on Cover Art Mlsidentif ication Oct 320 AKF Needs your Articles Nov 322 Statement of Ownership Nov 346 463 ANIMAL KEEPERS' FORUM (cont'd) From the Editor’s Desk... Year-end Reflections SCOOPS AND SCUTTLEBUTT Dec ii 1st Call for Papers for Great Lakes AAZK Regional Jan 1 Herpetological Review Offered at Special Rates Jan 1 Zoo/U List Update Jan 1 Accomodations Assistance Offered for Primate Meeting Jan 2 New Appointments from the AAZK Board of Directors Feb 33 Important Notice on AAZK Accessories Feb 33 From the Staff Exchange Coordinator Feb 33 Legislative News Note Feb 34 Lion-tailed Macaque Symposium Feb 34 Final Call for Papers for Great Lakes AAZK Regional Mar 65 Mill Mountain Sticker Project Mar 65 ADT Forms Available Mar 65 Board of Directors Thanks Outgoing Ghairman Mar 65 Call for Papers for Pygmy Goat Gonvention Ap 105 Hats/Shirts Available from Atlanta Chapter Ap 105 From the AAZPA Librarians’ Special Interest Group Ap 105 Memorial Fund Established for Keeper Killed at Bronx Zoo Ap 106 From the NEC May 137 2nd Call for Pygmy Goat Convention Papers May 137 Tucson Chapters Seeks Photos for ’87 Calendar May 137 RC Seeks Assistance from Chapters May 138 Accessories Available from Atlanta Chapter May 138 Circus-affiliated Member Offers Invitation May 138 Correction May 138 From the AAZK History Committee Jun 169 Calendar Photo Submissions Deadline Approaching Jun 169 Notice to Members on Membership Renewal Procedures Jun 170 ’86 Membership Directory in the Mails Jul 197 Twin-Cities Post-Conference Tour Cancelled Jul 197 ADT Forms Available Jul 197 Cherry Brook Zoo Seeks Materials for Atlantic National Exposition Jul 197 PR Liasion Named By Board Jul 198 Attention All AAZK Chapters: Chapter Liasion Proposal Jul 198 AAZK Chapters Sponsor Two Indian Zoo Keepers Aug 233 Bids Being Accepted for ’88 Nat’l Conference Aug 233 1986 Elephant Round-up Planned for November Aug 233 One More Time.. Please Notify Nat’l of Address Changes Aug 233 Winner of Book Cover Contest Named Aug 234 Safety Poster Available Aug 234 Illinois College Offers Course On Animal Rights Aug 234 Think Safety Column Coordinator Sought Sep 257 Two Corrections of Note Sep 257 ADT Forms Available Oct 289 From the AAZPA Librarians’ Special Interest Group Oct 289 Important Notice on Chapter Affairs Oct 289 New Chairperson Named for Book Review/KTMI Projects Oct 290 Environment Management Course Offered Oct 290 In Memorium Oct 290 Conference ’86.. A Job Well Done Nov 321 AAZPA Northeast Regional Issues Papers Call Nov 321 New Chairperson Named for Diet Notebook Project Nov 321 AKF Needs your Articles and Artwork Nov 322 AAZK’s 20th Anniversary Founder’s Weekend Nov 322 CONTINUING KEEPER EDUCATION COLUMN Zoo/U List Update Jan 1 Keeper Training Session Planned for AAZPA Great Lakes Regional Mar 70 Zoo/U List Update Ap 113 Staff Exchange: Where it Game From, Where it is, and Where it’s going Jul 204 Illinois College to Offer Animal Rights Course Aug 234 Environment Institution Management Course Offered Oct 290 Keeper Training Materials Identification Project Update ^ Oct 296 Video Research Project Update Oct 296 464 PUBLIC EDUCATION Managing One of the Most Difficult Animlas of All: The Zoo Visitor Ap 112 KEEPER NEWS/ZOO NEWS Herpetologist Review Offered at Special Rate Jan 1 Accomodations Assistance Offered for Primate Meeting Jan 2 The Little Chapter That Could... the story of a chapter project Jan 12 Keeper's Alert: AAZK Regional Zoolympics Jan 17 Viewpoint ... in memory of Matthew Bartholomew Jan 27 Chapter News Jan 28 Keeper's Alert: Rabbit Control Feb 36 Woodland Park Zoo To Host Workshop on Applying Behavioral Research to Zoo Animal Management Feb 38 AAZK President Visits Japan Feb 40 Indian Zoo Seeks Assistance from U.S. Zoos/Keepers Feb 51 Metro Toronto Zoo Returns Puerto Rican Toads to Native Habitat Feb 54 Chapter News Feb 58 Keeper's Alert: Miami Group Photo Order Notice Mar 75 Chapter News Mar 75 Waterfowl Stolen at Fresno Zoo Ap 108 Keeper's Alert: Tucson Chapter's '87 Calendar Plans Ap 113 Wildlife Preservation Trust Professional Training Program Ap 128 Chapter News Ap 132 Tucson Chapter Seeking Photos for '87 Calendar Project May 137 Circus-affiliated Member offers Invitation May 138 Think Safety! Think It Through and Avoid the Potential Hazards May 162 Group Photo Deadline Extended by Miami Jun 181 Japanese "Guineas" Record in Zoo Jun 181 Chapter News Jun 187 Rare Goslings Hatch at SDWAP Jun 191 NZP Received Golden-headed Lion Tamarins as Part of International Rescue Effort Jun 193 Chapter News Jul 227 Zoo News From Japan Jul 228 AAZK Chapters to Sponsor Indian Keepers Aug 233 Safety Poster Available Aug 234 The Little Chapter That Could — but Won't Aug 247 Keepers and Zoo Research Aug 248 Newest San Diego Exhibit is a Bit of Africa and a Peek at the Future Aug 250 Keeper's Alert: Wildlife Rehab Group Offers Grants Aug 251 KAL Update Aug 252 Chapter News Aug 253 Wild Wildlife at the Cheyenne Mt. Zoo Sep 273 Condorminium Close-up Sep 277 Chapter News Sep 279 Kansas City Zoo Participates in Reintroduction ProgramSep 280 This Could Happen at Your Zoo! Sep 282 In Memorium Oct 290 Chapter News Oct 302 In Memorium Nov 330 A New Breed of Zoo in Central New York Nov 331 Chapter News Nov 332 Keeper's Alert: African Safari Nov 335 San Diego Receives Award for Condor Work Nov 345 Safety Means Nothing — 'Tomorrow Nov 347 Portland Chapter Congratulates Keeper on Award Nov 352 LEGISLATIVE/ENVIRONMENTAL NEWS USFWS: Endangered Species Listings Jun 148 Report on Contamination on Nat'l Wildlife RefugesJun 148 American Alligator Makes Rebound in Southeast Aug 238 BOOK REVIEWS The Ecology of a Tropical Rainforest: Season Rhythms and Long-Term Changes Jan 17 Encyclopedia of Turtles Oct 306 EDUCATION Zoo/U List Update Jan 1 Animal Introductions: Some Suggestions for Easing the Trauma Consortium of Aquariums, Jan 8 Universities & Zoos Formed (CAUZ) Jan 16 465 EDUCATION (Continued) Wild America Returns for 4th Season on PBS Jan 21 Woodland Park Zoo Hosts Workshop on Applying Behavioral Research to Zoo Animal Management Feb 38 CKE — Keeper Training Session Planned for AAZPA Regional Mar 70 Jersey Wildlife Preservation Trust Training Program Mar 88 Learning at the Zoo, Part 1 Mar 94 Managing One of the Most Difficult Animals of All: The Zoo Visitor Ap 113 Zoo/U List Update Ap 113 Learning at the Zoo, Part 2 Ap 122 Danish Animal Keeper Training Offers Broad Scope of Instruction Jun 183 CKE — Staff Exchange Update Jul 204 Illinois College to Offer Course on Animal Rights Aug 234 Chicago Museum Hosts Chimpanzee Symposium Aug 252 Keeper Training Videotape Project Update Sep 267 Environment Institute Management Course Offered Oct 290 CKE — Keeper Training Materials Identif icationProj ect Oct 296 Video Research Project Update Oct 298 CONSERVATION Puerto Rican Toads Return Native Habitat with Help Metro Toronto Zoo The Renovation of a Third World Zoo Rare Goslings Hatch at SDWAP to from Feb 54 Feb 55 Jun 191 NZP Receives Golden-headed Lion Tamarins as Part of Int’l Rescue Effort Jun 193 1986 's Captive-bred Eagles to Soar in Four States Jul 202 American Alligator Continues Amazing Rebound Throughout 'Southeastern States Aug 238 Condorminium Close-up (1) Sep 277 Kansas City Zoo Participates in Reintroduction Program Sep 280 Condorminium Close-up (2) Nov 343 RESEARCH Woodland Park Hosts Workshop on Applying Behavioral Research to Zoo Animal Management Feb 52 From the Research/Grants Committee Feb 52 A Preliminary Ethogram for a Captive Herd of Damara Zebra Ap 31 Nixon Griffis Fund Announces 10 Grant Recipients May 164 The Shift and Extension of the Birth Season of the Squirrel Monkey from the free-ranging state to the Captive State Jun 177 Keepers and Zoo Research Aug 248 Observational Determination of Estrus in Captive American Black Bear Oct 313 PUBLICATIONS AVAILABLE Vet Tech Assoc. Offers Proceedings for Sale Mar 67 Australian Papers Available Animal Extinctions Mar 99 Symposium Giraffe/Okapi Ap 129 Bibliography Animal Migration Ap 129 Bibliography Films for the Family Ap 129 Bibliography Primate Conservation Ap 129 Newsletter Lion-tailed Macaque Ap 129 Newsletter Zoo and Wild Animal Ap 129 Medicine Ap 129 Special Commemorative Publication on Dian Fossey Jun 189 Technologies to Benefit Agriculture & Wildlife Jul 229 Wetlands of the U.S.: Current Status and Recent Trends Jul 229 Clinical Laboratory Procedures - Parasitology Aug 246 Technologies to Sustain Tropical Rainforests Sep 278 Alternatives to Animal Use in Research, Testing and Education Sep 278 INFORMATION REQUESTS Malayan Giant Squirrel Jan 32 Hoffman’s Sloth Birth Weights Jan 32 Jabiro Stork Feb 42 466 INFORMATION REQUESTS (conf d) Children’s Zoo Program Survey Feb 42 Photo Dictionary Assistance Request Feb 42 Emu/artif icial incubation P.R. Committee Zoo Question Feb 42 Book Ap 116 Video Information Request Eastern Star-nosed Moles/ Ap 116 Big Brown Bats Ap 116 Emu Breeding Regirgitation/reingestion Ap 116 in Gorillas Ap 116 Training Llamas Ap 116 Zoo Question Booklet May 147 Zookeeper Raffle Eastern star-nosed Moles/ May 147 Big Brown Bats May 147 Black Crested Mangabeys Kori Bustard Breeding Jun 188 Behavior Secretary Bird Breeding Aug 256 Behavior North American River Otter Aug 256 Exhibits Swimming Monkeys/ Sep 281 Drowning Incidents Sep 281 Long-wattled Umbrella Bird Sep 281 Amazonian umbrellabird Sep 281 Bare-necked umbrellabird Sep 281 Spindley Legs in Frogs Sep 281 Captive Management of Brazilian red-crested cardinals/ Queensland eastern rosellas Male/feraale pup ratio in Oct 295 Sea Lions Oct 295 Breeding of Derbyan Parakeets Nov 329 King Vulture Dec 429 1986 AAZK CONFERENCE INFORMATION Theme for Conference ’86 Jan 19 Photo Contest Jan 20 Feb 45 Ap 121 Jul 212 Keeper Konference Kronicles (cartoon series) Feb 44, Mar 76, Ap 120, May 152, Jun 174, Jul 208, Aug 240, Sep 268, Oct 304 1st Call for Papers Feb 44 Assiniboine Park Zoo Profile Feb 46 Hotel Reservation Form Feb 47 Call For Papers Mar 76 Conference Photo Album Mar 77 Jul 210 Post Conference Tour Info Mar 78 Air Canada Travel Info Mar 79 May 154 Air Canada Travel Info Aug 244 Registration Form/Post- Conference Form BLUE INSERT Mar Oak Hammock: A Prairie Marsh Oasis Ap 120 Conference, Post-Confer. & Hotel Forms (BLUE INSERT) Ap Second Call for Papers May 152 Car Rental Info May 153 Registration/Hotel Forms (BLUE In serf* May) Interest Questionnaire in Post-Conference Trip to the Twin Cities May 155 Winnipeg; the Four Season City Jun 174 Room Rate Reductions Northwest Orient Air Jun 175 Fare Service Jun 176 Sep 270 Final Call For Papers Jul 208 2nd Annual Zoolympics Jul 209 Tentative Program Final Chance for Free Jul 211 Accommodations Zookeeper Training Jul 211 Workshop Jul 212 Registration/Hotel Forms (BI) Jul Workshops Registration Deadline/ Exhibitors /Arrival Aug 240 Timetable Aug 241 Great Discovery Adventures What is a Chinese Aug 242 Auction? Aug 243 Program for Conference Aug 243 Registration/Hotel Form (BI) Aug Final Notes Sep 268 Paper Listing Sep 271 A Question of Currency Sep 271 Committee Listing Conference ’86 - a job Oct 303 well done Keeping the Conference Nov 321 ’High’ Viewpoint — Conf erence Nov 326 Reflections Conference ’86 — Final Nov 342 Reflections Conference T-shirts & Dec 353 Patches Available Winnpipeg ”86... Was Dec 354 It Fun? Dec 355 467 MISCELLANEOUS Consortium of Aquariums, Universities & Zoos (CAUZ) Formed Jan 16 Wild America Returns for 4th Season on PBS Jan 21 Waterfowl Stolen at Fresno Zoo Ap 108 Viewpoint — An Opposing View Ap 117 Guidelines for Typing Papers for AAZK Conference Proceedings Ap 119 This Could Happen at Your Zoo! Keeping the Conference •High' Indian Zoonooz Zookeepers Are Coming To Town Sep 282 Nov 326 Nov 348 Dec 409 1986 AKF PAPERS INDEXED BY MONTH Reptile Care: Relating To The Inquriing Novice, Part 19: Commonly Encountered Intes- tinal Parasites Jan 15 How To Write It Right Jan 23 AAZK President Visits Japan Feb 40 The Coming of the White Tiger Feb 43 The American Society of Primatologists Feb 48 Elephant Commands Feb 49 Recommendations on Vegatation for Mousebird Cages Feb 50 Reptile Care: Part 20 - Commonly Encountered Ectoparasites Feb 53 The Renovation of a Third World Zoo Feb 55 Feeding Captive Insectivorous Bats: Maintenance of Food Colonies Mar 81 Reptile Care: Part 21 - Commonly Encountered Fecal Pseudoparasites Mar 91 Learning at the Zoo, Part 1 Mar 94 Notes on Rearing Chinese Pangolins Ap 114 Learning at the Zoo Part 2 Ap 122 Animal Transfer Procedures Ap 126 A Preliminary Ethogram for a Captive Herd of Damara Zebra Ap 131 The Making of Rat Bait Boxes at the Audubon Zoo May 150 "Otterville" May 157 Animal Exhibits Design May 160 The Shift & Extension of the Birth Season of the Squirrel Monkey from the Free-ranging State to the Captive State in the Texas Region Jun 177 Controlled Public Feeding as a Means of Occupational Therapy in Asian Elephants at SDWAP Jun Managing a Colony of Victorian Koala at the Los Angeles Zoo Jul A Question of Discipline Jul Keepers and Zoo Research Aug Newest San Diego Exhibit is a Bit of Africa and a Peek at the Future Sep Wild Wildlife at Cheyenne Mountain Zoo Sep Condorminium Close-up Part 1 Sep International Symposium on Capricornis and its Related Species Oct Chinese Monkey Bread Oct Renovation of a Third World Zoo, Part 2 Oct Observational Determination of Estrus in Captive American Black Bear Oct A New Breed of Zoo in Central New York Nov Into Africa Nov A National Zoo Improve- ment Strategy Nov Condorminium Close-up Part 2: an update Nov Observations on Musth in the Captive Asian Bull Elephant Dec The National Zoo's Dept, of Zoological Research: A Three Tiered Philosophy to Zoo Research Dec Maintaining Animal Integrity in a Zoo Nursery Dec Great Apes - More Human Than We Think? Dec Exhibiting the Mongoose Dec The Socialization of the Sumatran Orangutan at Metrozoo Dec The Use of Live Plants in Animal Exhibits Dec Massa— A History Dec An Exhibition of Chinese Golden Monkeys at the Los Angeles Zoo Dec Explaining What We Do: Two Keeper Outreach Programs Dec Bears — -a New Experience Dec Mixed Species in a Small Mammal House Dec 187 216 225 248 250 273 277 300 307 309 313 331 333 337 343 370 376 388 394 396 399 412 417 420 427 430 433 468 1986 AKF PAPERS INDEXED BY MONTH ^continued) Mixed Species in a Creatures of the Night: Using Small Mammal House Dec 433 Keepers 'Round the Clock Dec 438 Creatures of the Night: Urinary Hormone Testing Dec 444 Using Keepers 'Round Developmental Notes on the Clock Dec 438 La Plata Three-banded Urinary Hormone Testing Dec 444 Armadillo and Pacarana Dec 449 Developmental Notes on PAPERS INDEXED BY SUBJECT La Plata Three-banded Armadillo and Pacarana Dec 449 MAMMALS The Coming of the White Feb 43 BIRDS Recommendations on Vegetation Tiger for Mousebird Cages Feb 50 The American Society of Primatologists Feb 48 Condorminium Close-up Part 1 Sep 277 Elephant Commands Feb 49 Condorminium Close-up Feeding Captive Insectivorous Part 2 Nov 343 Bats; Maintenance of Food Colonies Mar 81 Notes on Rearing Chinese Pangolins Ap 114 A Preliminary Ethogram for a Captive Herd of Damara Zebra Ap 131 The Making of Rat Bait Boxes at Audubon Zoo May 150 Otterville May 157 The Shift and Extension of the Birth Season of the Squirrel Monkey... Jun 177 Controlled Public Feeding as a Form of Occupational Therapy in Asian Elephants at SDWAP Managing a Colony of Victorian Koala at the Los Angeles Zoo A Question of Discipline International Symposium on Capricornis and Its Related Species Oct 300 Chinese Monkey Bread Oct 307 Observational Determination of Estrus in Captive American Black Bear Oct 313 Observations on Musth in the Captive Asian Bull Elephant Dec 370 Great Apes — ^More Human Than We Think? Dec 394 Exhibiting the Mongoose Dec 396 The Socialization of the Sumatran Orangutan at Metrozoo Dec 399 Massa— A History Dec 417 An Exhibition of Chinese Golden Monkeys at L.A. Zoo Dec 420 Bears — a New Experience Dec 430 Jun 187 Jul 216 Jul 225 HERPETILES Reptile Care: Relating to the Inquiring Novice: Part 19- Commonly Encountered Intes- tinal Parasites ^ ^ Jan 15 Reptile Care: Part 20 - Commonly Encountered Ectoparasites Feb 53 Reptile Care: Part 21 - Commonly Encountered Fecal Pseudoparasites Mar 91 EDUCATION How To Write It Right Jan 23 Learning at the Zoo - Part 1 Mar 94 Animal Transfer Pro- cedures Ap 126 Learning at the Zoo - Part 2 Ap 122 Explaining What We Do: Two Keeper Outreach Programs Dec 427 RESEARCH A Preliminary Ethogram for a Captive Herd of Damara Zebra Ap 131 The Shift & Extension of the Birth Season of the Squirrel Monkey from Free- ranging to Captive State^^^ Keepers and Zoo Research Aug 248 Observational Determination of Estrus in Captive American Black Bear Oct 313 Urinary Hormone Testing Dec 444 469 RESEARCH (continued) MISCELLANEOUS Observations on Musth in the Captive Asian Bull Elephant Dec The National Zoo's Dept, of Zoological Research: A Three Tiered Philosophy to Research Dec The Socialization of the Sumatran Orangutan at Metrozoo Dec Developmental Notes on La Plata Three-handed Armadillo and Pacarana Dec CONSERVATION AAZK President Visits Japan Animal Exhibit Design 370 Newest San Diego Exhibit is a Bit of Africa and a Peek at the Future Wild Wildlife at Cheyenne 376 Mountain Zoo Chinese Monkey Bread A New Breed of Zoo in 399 Central New York Into Africa A National Zoo Improvement 449 Strategy Zookeepers Are Coming to Town Feb 40 May 160 Sep 250 Sep 273 Oct 307 Nov 331 Nov 333 Nov 343 Dec 409 The Renovation of a Third World Zoo- Part 1 Feb 55 Condorminium Close-up Sep 277 Renovation of a Third World Zoo- Part 2 Oct 309 A National Zoo Improvement Strategy Nov 337 Condorminium Close-up: Part 2, an update Nov 343 470 AAZK MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION Name Check here if renewal [ ] Address ^$25.00 Professional VuJUi-tma keepe/u $25.00 International Att mejnbe/L6 omUZdo. the. U.S, and Canada $15.00 Library L^bnjo/iy ^abi>(i/LLption onZy Directory Information; zoo Work Area Special Interests Mail this application and check or money order (U.S. CURRENCY ONLY PLEASE), payable to American Association of Zoo Keepers, Inc., to: AAZK National Headquarters, Topeka Zoo, 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606. Membership includes a subscription to AnMnot KeepeA^' FoAum. The member- ship card is good for free admission to many zoos and aquariums in the U.S. and Canada . $20.00 Affiliate OtheA and voluntuM $15.00 Associate TncUvXduat6 not CLonnz(ite.d iA)ttk an antmat aa/io, iaaUUXij $50.00 Contributing 0AQavitzattoni> and JndtvtdaalA INFORMATION FOR CONTRIBUTORS AntmaZ KeepeAi' FoAum publishes original papers and news items of inter- est to the Animal Keeping profession. Non-members are welcome to submit articles for consideration. Articles should be typed or hand-printed. All illustrations, graphs and tables should be clearly marked, in final form, and should fit in a page size no more than 6'* x 10** (15cm x 25iicm) . Literature used should be cited in the text and in final bibliography. Avoid footnotes. Include scientific names. Black and white photos only accepted. Articles sent to AnimoZ KO-HpoA^’ FoAum will be reviewed for publication. No commitment is made to the author, but an effort will be made to pub- lish articles as soon as possible. Those longer than three pages may be separated into monthly installments at the discretion of the editorial staff. The editors reserve the right to edit material without consulta- tion unless approval is requested in writing by the author. Materials submitted will not be returned unless accompanied by a stamped, self- addressed envelope. Telephone contributions on late-breaking news or last-minute insertions are accepted. However, phone-in contributions of long articles will not be accepted. The phone number is (913) 272-5821) DEADLINE FOR EACH EDITION IS THE 15TH OF THE PRECEDING MONTH AAttcldA pAtnte.d do not mco^^OAtty Anildot thd optntoYiA oi tho, Antmat Kee.peA6' FoAnm adutoAtal Atjaii OA th2. AmdAAXian AhhocJjjJiion oi loo Ke.epeA6» Items in this publication may be reprinted providing credit to this pub- lication is given. Reprints may be ordered from the editor. PRINTED IN U.S. A. I ^ S-8S w o ' ^ O'03t§ S?^a o ^ (/) On ;?3 Q) s AMERICAN ISSOCIATION OF ZOO KEEPERS Membership Directory 1986 Supplement to Animal Keepers’ Forum LEGEND OF SPECIAL TYPOGRAPHY Professional Members indicated by pro Affiliate Members indicated by af Associate Members indicated by as Life Members indicated by Lf Contributing Members indicated by con Keeper Accommodator indicated by KAL Institutions and Chapters are listed in bold face type, with their members shown immediately following these entries. Member home addresses are excluded when they have indicated affiliation with an institution. Next to each member’s listing is their work location (if the AAZK Office has been notified) followed by any special interest that may have been indicated. In the Alphabetical Listing each Contributing Member is shown in bold face type. All additions and/or corrections must be forwarded to: American Association of Zoo Keepers National Headquarters 635 Gage Boulevard Topeka, KS 66606 ADMINISTRATIVE PERSONNEL AND PROGRAMS of the AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF ZOO KEEPERS Board of Directors: Jean Hromadka, President (thru 1987) Frank Kohn, Vice President (thru 1987) Oliver Claffey (thru 1989) Susan M. Barnard (thru 1989) Kerry Hoffman (thru 1989) National Headquarters Administrative Secretary: Barbara Manspeaker Regional Coordinator System: Local contact for information on membership and Association activities. Co-Directors - East of Mississippi - Diane Krug West of Mississippi - Debbera Stecher John Linehan - ME, VT, NH, MA, Rl, CT Peter Bucholz - NY Gene Pfeffer - PA, NJ, MD, DE Vacancy - VA, WV, DC Lee Payne - Ml Lynne Villers- IN, OH, KY Larry Sammarco - Wl, IL, MO, MN, lA Pat Hook - TN, NO, SC Vacancy - FL, AL, GA, AR, MS, LA John R. Turner - CO, NM, TX Steve Tiggs - OK, NE, KS, ND, SD Laurence Gledhill - WA, OR, ID, MT, WY, AK Art Goodrich - CA, NV, UT, AZ Honolulu AAZK Chapter Hawaiian Islands Neville Howard Pike Province of Ontario, Canada Bob Debets Province of Manitoba, Canada Marcia Rasmussen Province of Alberta, Canada Awards: Recognition for outstanding professional achievement, service and education programs. Rachel Rogers - Chairwoman Chapter Affairs Coordinator: Advice on chapter formation, chartering and activities Lee Payne International Affairs: Liaison with foreign members and the Association. Pam McDougal - West Melba Shields - East Nominations & Elections Committee: Solicit and process nominations for election of Association national officers. Jan McCoy - Chairwoman Animal Keepers’ Forum Staff Alice Miser, Susan Chan, Ron Ringer An Approach to Zoo Keeping - Book: Text book-guide to the basics of zoo keeping (in progress). Pat Sammarco - Editor Book Reviews: Coordinating books available and reviewers. Diane Forsyth Conferences: 1986 - Regional Columbus Chapter/Andy Lodge - 4-7 May 1986 - National Assiniboine Park Chapter/Peter Elliott 28 Sep. - 2 Oct. 1987 - National Milwaukee Chapter/Steve Wing - 3-8 Oct. Continuing Keeper Education: Liaison with groups interested in keeper education. Development of keeper education projects. Pat Sammarco - Chairwoman Diet Notebook: An on-going collection of zoo diets. South Florida Chapter - Editors Infant Development Notebook: An on-going collection of data on mother-raised baby animals. Steven Wing - Editor Keeper Accommodations List: Helping traveling keepers find lodging in keeper’s homes. Oliver Claffey - Coordinator Keeper Training Video Tape: Advice and funding for production of educational videotapes - tapes available for purchase. B. Wayne Buchanan Program Library: Keeper-produced educational programs for rent. Ann Payne - Librarian Public Education: Advice and information on the keeper’s role in public education. Jay Jasan Public Relations Tim Kurkowski Reference Search Project: Bibliographies on specific topics. Jenny Rentfrow, Chairwoman Research Grants: Advice and funding for keeper research projects. Frank Kohn, Kaci Thompson Resource Librarian: Advice on information sources. Kaci Thompson ADMtNISTRATIVE PERSONNEL AND PROGRAMS (Continued) Items Available from Project Heads — Animal Data Transfer Forms: Bernard Feldman Exhibit Design Forms: Diane Forsyth Logo Belt Buckles: San Diego Chapter Logo Caps: Atlanta Chapter Logo License Plates: Detroit Chapter Logo Mugs: Milwaukee Chapter Logo Stickers: Mill Mountain Chapter Logo T-Shirts: Little Rock Chapter _ Items Available _ from National Headquarters ~ Career Brochures Biological Values: A handbook including life cycle data, gestations and weights of many animals. Larry Brainard - San Francisco Zoo Logo Patches LogoPins/Charms Animal Keepers’ Forum Membership Brochures Membership Directory: Guide to member locations and professional interests. Pat Sammarco - Editor Zoonosis Notebook: Guide to information on zoonotic disease. Bruce Clark - Editor 1984 AWARD RECIPIENTS from the AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF ZOO KEEPERS — 1985 Excellence In Zoo Keeping Award Winners — Larry Zolton, Honolulu Zoo, Honolulu, HI Oliver Claffey, Metro Toronto Zoo, Toronto, Canada Alan Sharpies, Atlanta Zoological Park, Atlant, GA Roseann Giambro, Philadelphia Zoological Society, Philadelphia, PA John Houck, Washington Park Zoo, Portland, OR Beth Poff, Mill Mountain Zoo, Roanoake, VA Gene Noda, Los Angele Zoo, Los Angeles, CA — AAZK Meritorious Achievement Award Winners — In recognition of outstanding contribution in the field pf wildlife conservation and animal husbandry. Ken Howell, Miami Metro-Zoo, Miami, FL Patricia Leon, Miami Metro-Zoo, Miami, FL Joan Daniels, Brookfield Zoo, Brookfield, IL DC, AL MEMBERSHIP DIRECTORY of the AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF ZOO KEEPERS DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA National Zoological Park Chapter Washington, D. C 20008 Diane DeGraffenreid pro Head Keeper Primates National Zoological Park KAL Washington, D.C. 20008 (202) 673-4721 Christopher W. Benjamin af Small Mammals Enclosure Design Laurie Bingaman af Biotechnician Reptile House Melanie Bond pro Great Apes Orangutans/Sign Language Melba T. Brown pro Monkey House Primates Sally Hart Carter af Monkey House Primate Behavior Teresa M. Cummings pro Dept. Animal Health Bela J. Demeter af Lead Keeper/Reptiles Lizard Behavior Douglas W. Donald pro Great Apes Conservation Elizabeth S. Frank af Collection Manager Hoofstock Edwin Gould af Jo Anne Grumm af Friends of Nat’l. Zoo Behavior/Handrearing Morna Holden pro Keeper Leader Elephant House Bears/Penguins M. L. Hursey af Volunteer Pinnipeds Alex Jacobs af Volunteer Guide Kathy Kelly af Volunteer Keeper Small Mammals Angela Keppel pro Keeper/Research Marsupials Small Mammals Frank B. Kohn pro Marsupials Small Mammals Communication Research/Grants Committee Mary E. Lawless af FONZ Intern Captive Breeding Library con Julie McLaughlin pro Lion/Tiger Lee J. Miller af Volunteer/Pinnepeds Behavior Watcher Linda J. Moore pro Large Carnivores Aquatic Mammals Larry Newman pro Keeper Leader Small Mammals Endangered Species Lisa Marie Passaro pro Hospital Animal Medicine Gergory Keith Peterson pro Small Mammal House Reptiles Alfred J. Perry pro Deer Area Elephants Belinda Reser pro North Mammals Lions/Tigers Miles Roberts af Mammalogist Mammal Behavior Nancy Schneck af Volunteer Guide Behavior Watcher Hand-Rearing Melba M. Shields pro Small Mammals education Joan H. Smith af Birds Jeff Spicknall pro Keeper Leader Ornithology Kaci Thompson af Social Behavior Milton Tierney pro Hoofstock Animal Photography Sally Tongren af Docent Birds Kathy Wallace pro Elephants John B. Watson-Jones pro Mammals Angela D. Wessel af Volunteer Small Mammals Behavior Observations Ann Armstrong Zebley af Conservation and Research Center Front Royal, VA 22630 (703) 635-4166 Sue Benner af Mammals marsupials Dr. Cathy C. Blohowiak pro Bird Research Ducks/Mating Behavior Kevin P. Conway pro Keeper Leader Small Mammals Red Pandas Arthur Cooper pro Stephen L. Leathery pro Birds Cranes/Waterfowl Raptors/Psittacines Ringling Bros. Barnum & Bailey Circus 3201 New Mexico Avenue NW Washington, D.C. 20016 (202) 364-5000 Wade Burck pro White Tigers Kathy Gard pro Veterinary Assistant Elephants ALABAMA Birmingham Zoo 2630 Cahaba Road Birmingham, AL 35223 (205) 879-0409 Ernest Alldredge pro Birds/Reptiles Arthur Miller pro Senior Keeper Predators Patty Pendleton af Education Coordinator Education Montgomery Zoo RO. Box ZEBRA Montgomery, AL 36110 (205) 265-3536 Paul J. Foster af General Curator Alabama Non-Aftiiiated Listing Donna Mason Smith as Behavior RO. Box 74063 Birmingham, AL 35253 Page 1 AL, AK, AZ, ARf Kathy Yawn as 1206 Morrow Drive Veterinary Technician Zoos The Docents Huntsville, AL 35803 Joanna Gradillas pro Polar Bears/Primates Sandra K. Hein pro Senior Zookeeper Cats/ Bears ALASKA Sun Bears/Anteaters Alaska Children’s Zoo Jill Hickey pro Birds/Shift Keeper SRA Box 1728-W Orphan Hummingbirds Anchorage, AK 99507 (907) 344-3022 Timmye Morgan af Primates Steven Honnold pro Head Zookeeper Raptors/Polar Bears Chuck Waters pro Hoofstock/Elephants Tucson Chapter ARIZONA Route 9, Box 900 Tucson, AZ 85743 Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum, Inc. KAL Route 9, Box 900 Wendy Buroughs pro Birds/Mammals Tucson, AZ 85704 (602) 883-1380 Executive Board Member Librarian af Edward R Hansen pro Animal Tech 1 Treasurer Navajo Nation Zoological & Botanical Park Kerry Hoffman pro Birds/Mammals RO. Box 308 President Window Rock, AZ 86515 (602) 871-6574 Gale R. London pro Hoofstock Joseph White pro General Foreman Elephants Park Maintainer George Montgomery af Landscape Tech Native Animals Secretary Zoo Horticulture Native Plants Phoenix Zoo Chapter Box 5155 Leslie Wood pro Floater Primates/Elephants Phoenix, AZ 85010 Marge McHugh af Tour Guide Wildlife World Zoo Route 1, Box 152 Phoenix Zoo KAL Glendale, AZ 85301 (602) 935-WILD Box 5155 Linda Gault af Part-Time Keeper Phoenix, AZ 85010 (602) 273-1341 Birds Judy Beatty pro N. A. Mammals Reptiles Arizona Non-Affiliated Listing Thelma L. Bury af Maintainance/Custodial Animal Management Judy Dhuse as 2236 West Manor Veterinary Tech Exotic Species Tawny Carlson pro Animal Keeper 2 Chandler, AZ 85224 Elephants/Equines Lemurs Arthur A. Holton as 814 South Langley, #201 Frances Cheshko af Tucson, AZ 85710 Rob Miley af Volunteer Sylvia Jordan as Wildlife Mgmt. Biologist Elephants Sp 131 Habitat Teresa Moore af Volunteer Cats 2701 East Utopia Road Phoenix, AZ 85024 Susan D. Lee as Cathy Rickabaugh pro Animal Care Center 2414 North Freemont Blvd. Desert Fauna and Flora Flagstaff, AZ 86001 Birgitte Skielvig pro Keeper 2 Vivian R. Re as Reptiles 2918 East Kaibab Vista C Luke Thirkhill pro Keeper 2/Birds Tucson, AZ 85713 Reptiles Amy Reid as Vet Tech Cynthia L. Topp af Public Service 9911 East Jenan Drive Mammals Scottsdale, AZ 85260 William Vandergraff pro Evening Animal Keeper Mammals Talli E. Ruksas as 7722 South Butte Avenue Tempe, AZ 85284 Jill Varnum pro Keeper 2/Birds Nutrition/Behavior Lisa M. Wisdom pro 302 West Century Street Gilbert, AZ 85234 SFCCTZ Graduate Primate Foundation of Arizona RO. Box 86 Tempe, AZ 85281 (602) 832-3780 ARKANSAS Paul Fritz pro Colony Director Chimpanzees Zoo of Arkansas Chapter #1 Jonesboro Drive Little Rock, AR 72205 Reid Park Zoo 900 South Randolph Way Tucson, AZ 85716 (602) 791-4476 Miriam Correll af Volunteer Primates/Reptiles Barry G. Ams pro Mark Dameron pro Hoofstock Senior Zookeeper Birds Carroll S. Hargrove af General Curator Page 2 AR, CA Deborah A. Jackson pro President Hoofstock Bears Jake R. Legate III pro Bears Small Mammals/Fish Janet D. Meade pro Swing Keeper Carnvores/Birds Marine Mammals Debby Nagel pro Secretary Hoofstock Chris Rasums pro Small Carnivores Felines/Patagonian Cavies Herbert J. Roberts pro Senior Keeper Carnivores/Birds Small Cats/Waterfowl Marie Schmude pro Big Cats Mary Shere af Volunteer Elephants/Nursery Sydney Tanner pro Treasurer Senior Keeper Primates/Reptiles David Westbrook af Zoo Director Reptiles Kelli Fagan Westbrook pro Nursery/Birds Zoo of Arkansas KAL #1 Jonesboro Drive Little Rock, AR 72205 (501) 633-4733 David B. Alexander pro Primates/Reptiles Marilynn M. Baeyensaf Veterinarian Juris R. Rasums af Arkansas Non-Affitiated Listing Mike Carter as Box 1164, Station A Searcy, AK 72143 Karen Powell as 18515 Fawntree Drive Little Rock, AK 72209 Student CALIFORNIA Applegate Park Zoo 2525 0 Street Merced, CA 95340 (209) 385-6840 Melissa E. Smith af Zoo Attendant California Living Museum RO. Box 6613 Bakersfield, CA 93386 (805) 872-2256 Jeff Gill pro Mammals Delores Hoffman af Docent Joyce Lynn Hunting pro Mammals/Raptors Animal Physiology Wildlife Photography Dawn Smith pro Mammals/Raptors Children Park Pam Strange pro Mammals/Raptors Exotic Animals & World Pets Society RO. Box 343 Tarzana, CA 91356 (213) 345-5140 Jan Giacinto pro Cheetahs Exotic Feline Breeding Compound Star Route 1, Box 84 Rosamond, CA 93560 (805) 256-3332 Gene May pro Felines Jean P Mullens May pro Felines Joseph W Maynard pro Director Felidae Patricia Ann McNaught pro Felines Afghan Hounds Lori Trahan pro Cats/Parrots Folsom City Zoo 50 Natoma Street Folsom, CA 95630 (916) 355-7264 Debra A. Copeland pro Assistant Keeper/Manager Mammals/Aves Teresa Jenkins pro Head Zookeeper/All Areas Canids/Native Animals Gary Powell af Relief Keeper All Areas/Mammals/Aves Fresno Chapter Roeding Park Zoo 894 West Belmont Avenue Fresno, CA 93728 Betty Barkman pro Secretary Swing/Reptiles Elephants/Hoofstock Sally J. Becker af President Elephants Linda 1. Cover af Birds Veterinary Medicine Lorraine LoStracco af Treasurer Volunteer/Nursery Felines W. Howard Martin af Zoo Photographer Mary L. Swanson pro Carnivores Big Cats/Wolves Dianne Taylor-Snow pro Primates Gorilla Foundation 17820 Skyline Boulevard Woodstock, CA 94052 Dr. Francine Patterson pro Gorillas Tyler Richardson pro Research Assistant Primates/Facilities Humboldt Wildlife Care Center RO. Box 406 Fields Landing, CA 95537 Diana Guerrero af President Endangered Species Kern County Chapter RO. Box 6613 Bakersfield, CA 93386 (805) 872-2256 George Hanley pro Program Chairman Reptiles Herptiles Kathi Duff Nickel pro Reptiles Artist/Public Relations Gary Parker pro Committee Chairman Los Angeles Zoo Chapter 5333 Zoo Drive Los Angeles, CA 90027 Angela Anderson pro Hoofstock Bob Barnes pro Hoofstock/Primates Gail Bruner pro New World Primates Lemurs David Churchman af Harlan K. Deckert, Jr. af Zoo Guide Mary Deckert af Docent Page 3 CA Michael Dee pro Pamela Falcone pro Birdie Foster pro Jessica Fox as Diane Gilchrist pro Ann Marie Harrell pro Christine Henderson pro Susan M. Kasielke pro Mrs. Richard Keane as Olive Kemp as Lindsey Kocincki pro Deborah J. Levy pro Christine A. Marason pro Jennifer K. McNary pro Vice-President Laurie Middleton pro Kay A. Pauli pro Janice Porter pro Don C. Richardson pro Jeanette Tonnies af Debbie Woroniecki af Kristi Wreede af Senior Keeper Rhinos/Tapirs Elephants/Cats Aviary Cats Large Mammals Primates/Prosimians Primates North American Carnivores Mammals/Behavior Lead Keeper/Nursery Handrearing Hoofstock/Birds Volunteer/Typist Primates Primates/Hoofstock New World Primates New World Primates Infant Rearing Primates Nursery Handrearing Australia/Aquatics Training Pinnipeds Marmosets North American Carnivores Lead Animal Keeper Australia/Aquatics Recreation Assistant Koala House Animal Keeper, Exempt Birds/Australian Animals Volunteer Lynda Paul pro Scott Riddle pro Greg Robbins af Gretchen Kneeter Schultz pro Heidi Strommer pro Francis G. Sweeney pro Francine Woods pro Pat Wyatt af Cynthia M. Ziegler af Marine World - Africa USA Marine World Parkway Redwood City, CA 94065 Kevin K. Lew pro Jeffrey Mattson pro Aviary Pesquets Parrots Elephants Volunteer Keeper Reptiles Birds Breeding Birds/Polar Bears Elephants Large Mammals Retired Senior Keeper Primates/Hoofstock Animal Keeper, Exempt Nursery/Elephants Student (415) 591-7676 Land Animals Ungulates Reptiles/Conservation Micke Grove Zoo 11793 North Micke Grove Road Lodi, CA 95240 (209) 944-2108 Susan Wier pro Monterey Bay Aquarium 886 Cannery Row Monterey, CA 93940 Julie A. Hymer pro Relief Keeper/ISIS (408) 649-6466 Aquarist/Birds/Mammals Sea Otters Los Angeles Zoo KAL 5333 Zoo Drive Los Angeles, CA 90027 Susan M. Alonso af Dale Buboltz af Linda Cory af Dr. Kathleen R. Cox af Neal Duncan pro Lydia Frazier pro Cathy Granholm af Jennifer Grecko pro Nancy Hanson pro Gloria K. Kahn af Moorpark College Chapter Exotic Animal Training & Management Program 7075 Campus Road Moorpark, CA 93021 Irlgrid Eidemiller af (213) 666-4650 Garden Caretaker Educator Tapirs Research Director Social Reproductive Behavior Hoofstock Carnivores/Hoofstock Docent/Research Volunteer Chimpanzee Behavior Large Mammals/Carnivores Horses Relief Keeper Orangs/Eurasian Primates Primate Social Behavior Volunteer/Docent Education/Research Dorothy R. Hawkinson af Randall Herzon af Suzanne Hopkins af Secretary Donna L. Thompson af Student/Assistant Keeper Student Raptors Graduate Preservation Student Keeper Animal Actors of Hollywood Primate/Felid Keeper Moorpark College Exotic Animal Training & Management Program 7075 Campus Road Moorpark, CA 93021 (805) 529-2324 Kathryn D. Trina Jackson af Native Wildlife Barbara Harlow Keeley af Student Exotic Animals Denise Kopf af Birds Judy Lombardo af C.O.D. Primates Stuart Millar af Aviary Cats/Birds Kimberly K. Jones af Blair Neuman af Judy Pangelinen af Leslie B. Pon Tell pro Herpetology Student Breeding Endangered Species Marine Mammals Exotic Birds Assistant Director Gene Noda pro Page 4 Large Mammals/Carnivores Debbie L. Younkin af Veterinary Indian Rhino Elephants CA Oakland Zoo Knowiand Park 9777 Golf Links Road Oakland, CA 94605 (415) 569-8819 Erica A. Calcagno pro Elissa T. R. Kartman af Education Coordinator Volunteer Placenta Nature Center 19152 Placerita Canyon Road Newhall, CA 91350 Lisa H. Peach af Animal Caretaker Bears/Elephants ^ Playboy Mansion West 10236 Charing Cross Road Los Angeles, CA 90024 (213) 273-6774 John Heston pro Managing Supervisor Aves/Primates/Aquaria Aquatic Systems The Preserve, Inc. 11955 Westside Road Forestville, CA 95436 (707) 887-7805 Marty Johnson pro Curator Primates C. T. Love pro Roeding Park Zoo KAL 894 West Belmont Avenue Fresno, CA 93728 (209) 488-1549 Diane Diederich af Volunteer/Swing Elephants Barbara J. Linhoff af Cats/Primates/Elephants Julie McCauley af Herpetology Julie Rosenthal af Nursery Marine Mammals Sacramento Zoo Chapter 3930 West Land Park Drive Sacramento, CA 95822 Janet Didion as Sacramento Zoo 3930 West Land Park Drive Sacramento, CA 95822 (916) 447-7383 Jenny Cuccinello af Volunteer Keeper Mammals/Birds Leslie R Field pro Primates/Hoofstock Susan Y. Healy pro Birds B.A. Kucala af Keeper Aide Johnny Martinex af Children's Zoo Zoo Management Laurie Neville pro Primates/Carnivores Veterinary/Breeding Debbie Reeves pro Birds Steve M. Taylor af Director Michael Tong af Pinnipeds Tony E. Vargas pro Carnivores Zoo Attendant I Josephine S. Zitano af Volunteer Guide Raptors/Cats San Diego Zoo Chapter Box 551 San Diego, CA 92112 Marilyn P Anderson, D.V.M. af Pathologist John V. Azua pro WAP Birds Rolf Benirschke af Kicks for Critters Development Dept./Raptors Shirley Busch af Betty Butcherine pro Children’s Zoo Conny Carson pro President Senior Keeper Mammals Otters/Styans/ Pandas Hyenas/Rhinos Col. Bob Churley af Retired Cats Faye Clarke as Orangutans Dr. G. E. Cosgrove af Pathology Parasites Jody F. Courtney pro Children’s Zoo Jack Crayon pro WAP Elephants Cindy Dotts af Food Service Animal Behavior Research Heidi Ensley pro Treasurer Animal Handler Carnivores/Raptors Philip K. Ensley. D.V.M. af Associate Veterinarian Patricia A. Fahringer af Security Officer Dennis Ferrara af President Productivity Specialist Kenneth W. Fink as Pheasants/Cracids Dean Gibson pro Primates New World Primates Charles Gifford af Operations Arthur F. Goodrich pro Recording Secretary Master Keeper Mammals Hard to Breed in Captivity Donna Gutekunst pro Senior Keeper/Primates Guenons/Lemurs Edward J. Hamilton pro B & G Wildlife Consultant Jean E. Hoch pro Lead Attendant Jean Hromadka pro Elephants Gail M. Hyatt pro WAP/Village Mammals Koalas/Golden Lion Tarins James H. Joiner pro Mammal Department Bears Joe Kalla pro Apes Gloria Kendall pro Mammal Department Hoofstock/Primates Infant Care Karen S. Killmar af Animal Care Manager Mammals Kathy L. Kohihaas as Research Cardiology Douglas KresI af Penguin Encounter Volunteer Animal Photography Vickie Kuder pro Senior Mammal Keeper Koalas/Primates Large Cats Guy Lichty pro Mammals Great Apes/Elephants/Felines Kathy Ann Marmack pro Supervising Animal Trainer Animal Shows Dennis Melvin pro John Michel pro Elephants Terry Mulroney af Manager/CZ Cheryl Nix pro Animal Handler Carnivores Page 5 CA Pat Quillen pro David Rimlinger pro Michael J. Russo af Boo Shaw pro Norma L. Sheridan af Curby F. Simerson pro Dan Simpson af Teresa Smallberg pro Jennifer Ann Snow as Vickie A. Steele pro Janet L. Taylor af Gerald D Thomas pro Michael Touch af Jeff Turnage pro John Wechselberger af Susan E. Wiant af Catherine A. Yarber pro San Diego Wild Animal Park Route 1, Box 725E Escondido, CA 92025 Lance Aubery pro Ellen Dvoracek pro Suzanne M. Esterbrook pro Michele Gaffney pro Susan K. Hand af Brian Howard pro Connie Hunt pro Barbara J. Kurtz af Bob Porec pro Terri Schuerman pro San Diego Zoo KAL Box 551 San Diego, CA 92112 Jasmine J. Allen af Elaine M. Chu pro Kenneth W. Fink pro Jane Jacobson pro Marvin Jones Lf Peter D. Kalfas af Librarian Diane Lord af Kerry Mayer af Page 6 Director Endangered Felids Birds Monorail Conservation/Preservation Hoofstock Nursery Pigmy Hippos General Mgr’s Secretary Orangs Senior Keeper Mammals Elephants/Ungulates Footcare Arborist Trees Children’s Zoo Mustelidae Mammals Field Keeper Rhinos Birds Mammals Elephants Primates Art/Birds Senior Hospital Keeper Volunteer/Raptor Show Vultures Admin, Assistant Operations Hoofstock (619) 747-8702 Lead Keeper Hoofstock Field Keeper Animal Handler Mammals Animal Care Center Tour Operations Guide Behavior/Predators Senior Keeper Cheetahs Birds Hospital Handler/Asian Elephants (714) 231-1515 Volunteer/Behavior Research Primates Primates Wildlife Photography Senior Primate Keeper Langurs/Lemurs Exhibit Attendant/CZ Reptiles Pigs Warehouse Mammals John C. Mitchell pro Phillip T. Robinson, DVM. af Robert J. Sullivan af Richard G. Sweeney Lf Virginia Sweeney Lf Valerie D. Thompson pro Mark Vozza af J. Ken Willingham pro Allison Wood pro Senior Bird Keeper Veterinarian Zoo Board Member Since 1935 Mammals Marsupials Elephant & Camel Rides Primates/Parrots/Carnivores Manager of Animal Care CZ/Nursery (415) 661-2023 Penguins Birds Docent Education Department Mammals Asian Elephants Children’s Zoo Logistic Coordinator Bison Primates Educator Animals used in Education Apes Primates Manager Asian Elephants Apes Primates/Birds Primate Senior Keeper Raptors/Wolves/Primates Docent Education Director Children’s Zoo Birds Penguins Carnivores Educational Activities Koalas Marsupials/Hoofstock (408) 279-2206 Marine Mammals Educational Programs General Curator Sealion Training (714) 836-4000 Part-Time Keeper Director San Francisco Zoo KAL Zoo Road & Skyline Boulevard San Francisco, CA 94132 Leslee Avery-Beausoleil pro Larry H. Brainard af Constance Channon pro Toni Danzig pro Martin E. Dias pro Carolyn Dulay af Joseph Fitting pro Norman Gershenz pro Lisa Hamburger pro Roger Hoppes af David J. Howe pro Carole Hutchins af Mary Ellen Kerr pro Carol Martinez pro Howard Pearlstein af Melodee Pope af Brandy Anne Pound af Karen Raby pro Elizabeth Anne Ryan pro Barry Seid pro San Jose Zoo 1300 Senter Road San Jose, CA 95112 Susan Gerlach pro Valerie Long pro Gregg Owens pro Lia Marie Z. Puijiz pro Santa Ana Zoo 1801 East Chestnut Santa Ana, CA 92701 Susan Alonso af Irma Coburn pro Claudia E. Collier af Raymond Cosper pro Primates Mary Dukes af Relief Keeper Irma Gonzalez pro Birds Librarian Mike Meacham pro Primates Cheryl Rendes pro Children’s Zoo Big Cats/Education Santa Barbara Zoo Chapter 500 Ninos Drive Santa Barbara, CA 93103 Nancy S. Hollenbeck af Education Curator Frederic Marion pro Senior Keeper Elephants Julia Parker pro Principal Keeper Infant Care/Nutrition Breeding Endangered Species Jody K. Smith pro Christine M. Terrill pro Relief Keeper Birds/Large Mammals Susie Watts pro Elephants/Cats Santa Barbara Zoo 500 Ninos Drive Santa Barbara, CA 93103 (805) 965-0957 Susan Engfer af Assistant Director Naoma G. Ford af Volunteer Education Ann Galvin af Docent Raptor Rehabilitation F. A. Peter Grimm pro Sealions/Elephants/Macaws Anteaters/Reptiles Training/Zoo Design Stephen D. Schiff af Administrative Assistant Animal Behavior Sea World 1720 South Shores Road San Diego, CA 92109 (619) 222-6363 llise Gersten af Aviculture Michael Glenn pro Supervisor Marine Mammals Patrick D. Sharkey pro Aviculture Penguins Sequoia Park Zoo KAL 3414 W Street Eureka, CA 95501 (707) 443-7331 Jack Bellinger pro Zoo Supervisor Zoo Enrichment Kathleen L. Vance af Relief Keeper Gibbons Universal Studios Animal Show 100 Universal City Plaza, Universal City, CA Cathy Morrison pro Animal Trainer Great Apes Wildlife Associates Shamrock Ranch Peralta Road Pacifica, CA 94044 (415) 355-8808 Steven M. Karlin pro Director Education CA California Non-Affiliated Listing Dr. Jack Adams as RO. Box 4444 Carson, CA 90749 Lourdes Aguirre-Adamson as 1815 Balsam Place Davis, CA 95616 David Bruce Allsberry as 6486 C Penn Street Moorpark, CA 93021 Penny Andrews af 1187 Merrill Road San Juan Bautista, CA 95045 Jan T. Averre as 2816 Via Carmen San Jose, CA 95124 Mickey Barrett Lf 1762 Riverside Avenue Fillmore, CA 93015 Amy Bassignani as 930 Smith Avenue Pinole, CA 94564 Harry F. Born, A.H.T. pro 7970 Santa Monica Los Angeles CA 90046 Kitty M. Boyt as 4020 Marcasel, #2 Los Angeles, CA 90066 Virginia Brauer pro Animal Haven Route Box 100C Caliente, CA 93518 Glen J. Carizen as 13265 Helmer Drive Whittier, CA 90602 George Carpenter as 55 Junipero Serra Boulevard San Francisco, CA 94127 Judy Conroy as 34851 Calle Loma Capistrano Beach, CA 92624 Bonnie Cromwell af 343 Walnut Street Petaluma, CA 94952 Darlyne Davis as 402A Utah Drive Petaluma, CA 94952 Judith A. Davis as 4447 Rutgers Avenue Long Beach, CA 90808 Karen DeBraal as 2007 7th Avenue Santa Cruz, CA 95062 Dr. Jean Delacour Lf c/o Mr. Ed N. Harrison 1100 Glendon Avenue Los Angeles, CA 90024 Jacquelyn A. Dieter as 1735 East 8th Street Davis, CA 95616 Mary Grace Dural as 15495 Kern Vale Avenue Moorpark, CA 93021 Debbie EkhamI af 1815 Sweetwater Road, #149 Spring Valley, CA 92077 Kevin Estrada as 1724 East 4th Street, #33 Long Beach, CA 90802 Sheri Evans as 709 Oak Carpinteria, CA 93013 Center for the Study of Elephants/Director EATM Student Training Canids Private Breeder Cats Would-Be Keeper Mammals Bird Breeder Aviculture Teacher UC Berkley Naval Biosciences Lab Senior Animal Technician Los Angeles Zoo Retired Zoo Keeper Retired/Lion Country Safari Private Collection Primates A.H.T./A.A.L.A.S. Tech Primates/Reptiles/Avians A.H.T. Exotic Animals Nursery Wildlife Rehabilitation Handrearing Exotics Former Keeper/Now Student Primates Retired/American Museum of Natural History Herpetology Volunteer Page 7 CA Debbie Freeman as 6750 Charing Street Si mi Valley. CA 93063 Wendy Frisk as Shamrock Ranch Pacifica, CA 94044 Margaret R. Hill as 2349 Newport Avenue Cardiff, CA 92007 Jeffrey Foley Jagles as 202 South Lake, #330 Pasadena, CA 91101 MACM Ed Jenkins as X-3 Division USS Enterprise (CVN-65) FPO San Francisco, CA 96636 Ex-Keeper San Antonio Zoo Herpetology G. Mitchell as Department of Psychology U.C. Davis Davis, CA 95616 Christine Moen as 32156 Paseo Carolina San Juan Cap., CA 92675 Ken Mueller as 3006 South Maddock Santa Ana, CA 92704 Paula Munoz as 329 Lester Avenue, #6 Oakland, CA 94606 Gerald W. Murrie as 3778 29th Street San Diego, CA 92104 Primate/Cats Was at Lion Country Safari Raptors/Endangered Species Elephants William J. Johnston as 410-D Hawthorn Street Glendale, CA 91204 Los Angeles Zoo Great Apes/Big Cats Jamie Muszalski as 10077 Tesla Road Livermore, CA 94550 Debra L. Kaskus af 111 West McFarlane Drive Ventura, CA 93001 Animal Actors of Hollywood Animals on Film Greg Nall as 4536 Park Boulevard, #3 San Diego, CA 92116 Primates Nancy Kaump as PC. Box 9306 Whittier, CA 90601 Mrs. Wm. E. Nielson as 3047 Driscoll Drive San Diego, CA 92117 Francella A. Kelley as 4622 Carmen Way Union City, CA 94587 San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge - Volunteer Raptors Vince Peteque af PO. Box 122 Dana Point, CA 92629 Primates Elizabeth Kercheval as 342 Gravilla Street LaJolla, CA 92037 Jim Pickerell as PO. Box 403 Castiac, CA 91310 Hospital Veterinary Care John R. Kercheval as 342 Gravilla Street LaJolla, CA 92037 Torrey Pillsbury as PO. Box 994 Lakeside, CA 92040 Ex-Trainer Elephants San Diego Zoo Karen King as 4831 Olds Oxnard, CA 93033 Scott A. Pritchard pro 2444 College Drive Costa Mesa, CA 92627 Was at Lion Country Safari Bears Agaylo Dee Knox as 5253 Rose Avenue Long Beach, CA 90805 Birds David Reames pro 2230 San Diego Avenue, #1 San Diego, CA 92110 Formerly at Fort Worth Zoo Marine Mammal Training Gail S. Koos as 3226 Loma Vista Drive Jamul, CA 92035 Mary M. Resch as 1467'/2 Hepner Avenue Los Angeles, CA 90041 Dawn Lane af 18742 Calvert Street Reseda, CA 91335 Animal Chatter Education Debra Rexelle as 1762 Pepper Villa El Cajon, CA 92021 Herpetology/Hoofstock Peter Larmour as 33 Horizon Avenue, #205 Venice, CA 90291-3736 Jeanette Lebell as 206 Painted Cave Santa Barbara, CA 93105 Andrea S. Liddy af 1221 Coral Street San Luis Obispo, CA 93401 Calif. Polytechnic State U. Animal Science Cynthia Roberts as PO. Box 403 Castiac, CA 91310 Donald J. Robertson as 2227 North Beverly Glen Blvd. Los Angeles, CA 90077 Aryan Roest as Biological Sciences Dept. Calif. Polytechnic State U. San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 Former Keeper Graphic Designer Los Angeles Zoo Professor Biological Science Zoo Education Janina Maciolek as 424 Clarke Street Bishop, CA 93514 Bernice Rossana as 1998 Junipero Avenue Long Beach, CA 90806 June MacMillan as 210 Sleepy Hollow Terrace Glendale, CA 91206 Docent/LA Zoo Research Patricia Sarver as 1748 Paseo del Mar Palos Verdes Est., CA 90274 Animal Research Eugene 1. Majerowicz af 4449 Presidio Drive Los Angeles, CA 90008-4821 Member: GLAZA, SBZG NAS, FONZ, WCCA, TSS ^ ISLT, NAS, NC y Carlene R. Silva as 3290 West Ashlan, #141 Fresno, CA 93711 Veterinary Clinic Zoo Keeper/A. H.T Susan L. Martin as 6608 Ollcott Street Tujunga, CA 91042 Primates Animal Behavior Research Tari Simpson as 33592 Palo Alto Dana Point, CA 92629 David Miller as 707 North Park Avenue, #36 Pamona, CA 91768 Dawn Singer af 1614 North Clayton Avenue Simi Valley, CA 93065 Primates Jean Miller as 213 Jordan Street Ventura, CA 93001 Sue Soteriou as 1231 8th Avenue, #1 San Francisco, CA 94112 Recreation Director Student Primate Behavior Page 8 Karen Stern as 39 Marvin Court Sim Valley, CA 93065 Mr. & Mrs. James Stewart Lf 918 Roxbury Drive Beverly Hills, CA 90201 RuthAnn Storr as 4448 Felton San Diego, CA 92116 Larry Strauss as Teacher 1574 Heather Drive, #123 Animal Science Yuba City, CA 95991 Will Taylor as 2729 Byron Street Palo Alto, CA 94306 Linda Tellington-Jones as Box 5999 Carmel, CA 93921 Adele J. Terry as 1333 Byron Street Palo Alto, CA 94301 Brynne Van Putten af 404 Ocean Avenue A Laguna Beach, CA 92651 Alan P. Varsik as Animal Technician 536 41st Street, #29 SSP Oakland, CA 94609 Kelley Walsh as 10149y2 La Tuna Canyon Rd. Sun Valley, CA 91352 Millicent A. Wood af 4575 North Ridge Drive Los Angeles, CA 90043 Fran Woods pro 1849 Upperton Los Angeles, CA 90042 John Wright as 900 Sea Lane, #119 Carona Del Mar, CA 92625 Linda York af 81-245 Sirocco Avenue Indio, CA 92201 Kristina Younker as 628 G Street Ramona, CA 92065 COLORADO Cheyenne Mountain Zoo P.O. Box 158 Colorado Springs, CO 80901 Steve Conners af Allie Jones pro Thomas E. La Barge pro Ronald Parker pro (303) 633-0917 Supervisor Reptiles/Birds Great Apes Gorillas Monkeys Breeding Endangered Species Monkeys/Felines Chad Eric Stewart pro Britt Thompson pro Pueblo Zoological Gardens Pueblo City Park Pueblo, CO 81005 Donna E. McDonald pro Rocky Mountain Chapter Denver Zoological Gardens City Park Denver, CO 80205 Frederic C. Jacobs pro Marlene Kumpf pro Rex Allen Pruitt pro Dennis Roling pro Penny Smith pro John R Turner pro Meeting Secretary CA, CO, CT Relief/All Areas Wildlife Art Elephants (303) 561-8686 Nursery Small Mammals Primates Terrestrial Invertebrates Felines Snow Leopards/Servals Giraffes Ranges Llamas/Camels Bighorn/Dalls Sheep Floating Relief Colorado Non-Affiliated Listing Mary Blythe Drysdale as P.O. Box 1162 Broomfield, CO 80020 Lisa Espey as 3256 South Geneva Street Denver, Co 80231 Christine Nelson as 1415 South Tomichi Franktown, Co 80116 Ann L. Norton as 510’/2 East Elizabeth Street Fort Collins, CO 80524 North American Wildlife Rehabilitation Animal Behavior Intern/Denver Zoo January through May CONNECTICUT Beardsley Zoological Gardens Noble Avenue Bridgeport, CT 06610 (203) 576-8082 Lucy M Kosz af Robert A. Tomas pro Jeanne Yuckienuz pro Children’s Zoo Mohegan Park Center Norwich, CT 06360 Walter J. Wadja af Children's Zoo Zoo Veterinay Medicine Birdland/Wolves Reptiles/Hoofstock Children’s Zoo Mammals/Hoofstock (203) 887-5413 Director of Public Works Denver Zoological Garden City Park Denver, CO 80205 Clayton F. Freiheit af Dennis W. Gray af Caroline Griffitts af Dorothy E. Kreider af (303) 575-2432 Director All Areas Volunteer Przewalski Horses Snow Leopards Relief Primates Ann Rademacher pro Primates Great Apes Connecticut Non-Affiliated Listing John Coakley as Reptiles/Birds 33 Indigo Street Herpetology Mystic, CT 06355 Edward P. Huntley as Veterinary Technician 122 Chestnut Tree Hill Road Small Mammals/Bats Oxford, CT 06483 Andrew Main as 9 Scott Street East Hartford, CT 06118 Kelley Sonnati af Student Route 4 Large Mammals Goshen, CT 06756 Hoofstock Page 9 DE, FL DELEWARE Brandywine Zoo Wilmington, DE 19802 (302) 571-7747 Yvonne Gormel pro Monkey House Mammals/Primates Steven J. Sarro pro John Spaulding af Mark Thurston pro Delaware Non-Affiliated Listing Coleen D. Sarro as 1605 Sheldon Drive Newark, DE 19711 FLORIDA Bivens Arm Nature Park Gainesville, FL 32602 (904) 374-2056 Brack Barker af Naturalist Herpetology Brevard Zoological Park 3880 New Haven Avenue Melbourne, FL 32901 (305) 676-4266 Dave Mannes pro General Curator Elephants Busch Gardens KAL Box 9158 Tampa, FL 33674 (813) 988-5171 Deborah Kern pro Nursery Mark K. Peterson pro Training Center Aquaria Central Florida Zoological Park Chapter KAL P.O. Box 309 Lake Monroe, FL 32747 Pamela J. Campa af Pamela J. Heeschen pro (Busch Gardens) Nursery Primates/Great Apes Alyce J. S. Orr af (Central Florida Zoo) Education Department Felines/Primates David R. Seager pro (Busch Gardens) Hoofstock Central Florida Zoological Park KAL P.O. Box 309 Lake Monroe, FL 32747 (305) 323-4450 J. Philip Bryant pro Senior Keeper Elephants/Breeding Charles B. Carter af Docent Alice J. Clark af Volunteer Lisa Lane Fain af Docent Rebecca Nash pro Primates Veterinary Work Animal Behavior Jeanne Robinson af Docent Mary L. Sanders af Docent Joanne M. Schlienz af Docent Reptiles/Birds Joseph Schrader af Docent Learning/Animal Mgmt. Nancy J. Schrader af Docent Learning/Animal Management Page 10 Andrew T. Snider pro Senior Reptile Keeper Captive Breeding Katherine Speckman pro Primates/Hoofstock Elephants Keely M. Weaver pro Felines Bears/Otters Conservancy Nature Center 1450 Merrihue Drive Naples, FL 33942 (813) 262-0304 Vikki Bohnert af Naturalist Mammals Cypress Gardens, Inc. con Wildlife Division P.O. Box 1 Cypress Gardens, FL 33880 (813) 324-2111 Wayne Smith pro Bird Show Walrus/Reptiles Fancy Poultry Dreher Park Zoo 1301 Summit Boulevard West Palm Beach, FL 33405 (305) 585-8697 Jamie Bramuchi pro Birds/Psitticines Gail Schneider af Director Native Animals Rare Breed Domestics The Endangered Species con Route 3, Box 410 Trenton, FL 32693 (904) 463-7292 Don Luce pro Vice President Exotic Felines Robert Luce Engesser pro Director Exotic Felines Homosassa Springs Nature World P.O. Box 189 Homosassa Springs, FL 32647 J. P. Garner pro Nature Park Florida Wildlife Manatees Jacksonville Zoo con 8605 Zoo Road Jacksonville, FL 32218 (904) 757-4463 Jeff Bullock pro Giraffes Large Mammals Wayne Killinger pro Mammals Primates/Cats Forrest Penny pro Head Keeper Birds Lynne Sutcliffe pro Birds Anne E. Wiggins pro Mammals Rhinos/Giraffes Hoofstock Jungle Larry’s African Safari Park 1590 Goodlette Road Naples, FL 33940 (813) 262-5409 Charles Pentimall pro Cat Curator Carnivores Lion Country Safari P.O. Box 16066 West Palm Beach, FL 33406 (305) 793-1084 Marjorie Arbeit pro Primates Everett S. Butler pro Curator/Carvivores FL Lowry Park Zoological Gardens 7525 North Boulevard Tampa. FL 33604 (813) 933-3386 Ronald Giddis pro Mammals bears Linda Sue Reiber pro Patricia Sorrells pro Curator of Education Marine Search P.O. Box 100706 Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33310-0706 James Paintiff pro Director Marine Life Miami Metrozoo KAL 12400 S.W. 152nd Street Miami, FL (305) 251-0400 Janice Barkett af Docent/Volunteer Linda Colucci af Docent Council Judianne Davis pro Birds Steve Gagne pro African Carole Hesch pro Birds Cranes Deborah Hodges pro Animal Science Raptors/CZ Gordon Hubbell, D.V.M. af Director of Education Sharks Dolora Jung af Birds Wolves/Reptiles Pat Kelly af Docent Education Susan Kurtz af Docent Animal Handling Diane A, Ledder af Education Supervisor Marine Mammals Margaret E. Lincoln af Docent Education Elizabeth Steigerwald af Docent Kareen Taylor af Docent Stephen E. Yelverton pro African Cobe Moccasin Lake Nature Park 2750 Park TrazI Lane Clearwater, FL 33519 (813) 462-6024 Gregory B. Howe af Recreation Instructor Exhibit Design Nature’s Classroom Route 1, K 396 Morris Bridge Road Thonotosassa, FL 33592 (813) 986-2089 Shirley Parker pro Interpretive Center Teacher Herps/Raptors Ocean World 1701 S. E. 17th St. Causeway Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33384 (305) 925-6612 Sonia Schnitzuis af Assistant Trainer Dolphins/Raptors Patch O’ Heaven 21900 S. W. 157 Avenue Miami, FL 33170 (305) 274-1947 Reptile World Serpentarium 4727 East Space Coast Parkway St. Cloud, FL 32769 (305) 892-6905 E. Anne Miles af Herpetologist Reptiles Santa Fe Community College Biological Park and Teaching Zoo 3000 N.W. 83rd Street Gainesville, FL 32601 (904) 395-5601 Diana Bowman af Neonates/Cats Donna R, Clifton af Marine Mammals Photography Cheryl Downing af Student Primates/Big Cats Jeff Heilmermann af Marine Mammals Cetaceans/Pri mates Eric Krussman af Student Keeper Mammals/ Design Margaret Liguori af Student Zookeeper Barbara E. Palmer af Hoofstock/Marsupials Keith Pratt pro Kathy Ruffino af Student Large Mammals Sherryl Schmick pro Student Exhibit Design Behavior/Nutrition Robin Ann Schweickert af Student Small Mammals Reptiles/Amphibians James Scott af Ungulates/Felines Stephen A. St. Clair af Student Mammals/ Cetaceans Stephen Weaver af Student Sea World of Florida 7007 Sea Worid Drive Oriando, FL 32809 (305) 351-3600 Robert Collins pro Animal Care Birds Julie A. Ensor pro Senior Aviculturist South Florida Chapter Miami Metrozoo 12400 S.W. 152nd Street Miami, FL 33157 Brett Banner pro Diet Notebook Chairman (Miami Metrozoo) Birds/Waterfowl Hugh Blake as Vet Tech Venomous Reptiles Lori Bruckheim pro Secretary (Miami Metrozoo) Animal Behavior Reproduction Carl Burch pro (Miami Metrozoo) Senior Keeper/Birds Storks/Hornbills Debra Burch as Marmosets Orphaned/Injured Wildlife Lindsay M. Czerwinski af (Miami Metrozoo) Docent Carla Eberhardt af (Miami Metrozoo) Docent Sara Sinclair Ellenburg af (Miami Metrozoo) Docent/Volunteer Jane Fleitman af (Miami Metrozoo) Docent Francine Garner af (Miami Metrozoo) Docent/Library Elaine Spear pro Page 11 FL, GA Vince Gibaldi, Jr. pro (Miami Metrozoo) Elaine Heile as Vice-President African Plains RO. Box 8261 Hoofstock/Medicine Vero Beach, FL 32963 Freda Houser af (Miami Metrozoo) Mr. & Mrs. Joseph Hromadka as Docent PO. Box 991 Primates/Birds Destin, FL 32541 George Houser af (Miami Metrozoo) Andrea Jaeger as Docent/Primates 10695 Bardes Court Cathy Hudson pro (Miami Metrozoo) Largo, FL 33543 Hoofstock Mark S. Largel as Herps Thomas F. Kely af (Monkey Jungle) Apes/Monkeys 7130 Cypress Lake Drive Odessa, FL 33556 Christine Lacy pro (Zoological Imports) Theresa Lehnen as 1000 Cathy Drive Reptiles Kurt Mannchen pro (Miami Metrozoo) Altamonte Sp, FL 32714 Senior Keeper African Apes Primates/Biogeography Stephen A. Lich af 6929 W. University Ave., 11-G Gainesville, FL 32607 Susan Priess pro (Miami Metrozoo) Birds Raptors/Hornbills Jeanne K. Michael as 187 Lake Drive Oviedo, FL 32765 Docent Rachel Rogers pro KAL Contact (Miami Metrozoo) Primates/Asian Elephants Louise Miller af PO. Box 1185 Handrearing Rita Sgro af (Miami Metrozoo) Tampa, FL 33601 Margaret J. Smith af Shirley Taxay af Karen Ziegler pro Rhinos (Metrozoo) Docent (Miami Metrozoo) (Miami Metrozoo) Hoofstock (904) 596-2062 John Mossier af 23076 Central Avenue #2 Punta Gorda, FL 33950 Lynnea A. Overholt as 3030 N. W. 79th Court, A Gainesville, FL 32602 Herpetology Weeki Wachee Springs Weeki Wachee, FL Victoria G. Roose as 3310 N.W. 91st, 12-D Gainesville, FL 32606 Dixon Smiley af Birds/Reptiles Cher Kinison pro Raptors/Exotic Birds 314 N.W. 12th Avenue, #3 Rehabilitation Gainesville, FL 32601 Carol K. Schlatig as White Oak Plantation 1116 Ocelot Trail Endangered Species Breeding Facility Winter Springs, FL 32708 Route 3, Box 226 Dana Stanalandas Wildlife Education Yuler, FL 32097 (904) 845-2265 3027 Bess Lane Diane Krug pro Cheetahs/Maned Wolves Orlando, FL 32808 Florida Cougar Howard Trinkowski af Private Collection James K. MacIntyre pro Head Animal Keeper 22 Ann Lee Lana Terr. Birds/Primates Tamarae, FL 33319 Reptiles Florida Non-Affiliated Listing John R. Weldon as 31601 S. W. 197 Avenue Former Keeper Houston Zoo Julie Barrow as 3926 S. W. 3rd Avenue Gainesville, FL 32607 Homestead, FI 33030 Deidre D. Vinson as 23155 S. W. 182 Avenue J. Kevin Bowler as Herpetology Goulds, FL 33170 5961 Curry Ford Road, #269 Orlando, FL 32822 William M. Vinson as 231 55S. W. 182 Avenue Roger W. Brooks pro Waterfowl/Cranes Goulds, FL 33170 6886 N. W. 82 Terrace Pheasants Chridtina Wood as Parkland, FL 33067 3950 Colony Cove Terr. Helen T. Brown as Captive Care Jacksonville, FL 32211 904 Bay Drive New Symrna Beach, FL 32069 Breeding Felines Linda Q. Cualey as Training Parrots GEORGIA 407 S. E. 6th Terrace Athens Children’s Zoo Gainesville, FL 32601 Memorial Park Suzanne Crandall as Athens, GA 30605 (404) 546-7972 12001 Belcher Road, L-196 Becky Hendren af Vol. Animal Caretake Largo, FL 33543 Big Cats Todd Dailey as PO. Box 742 Atlanta Zoo Chapter Newberry, FL 32669 800 Cherokee Avenue S.E. Terrell G. Heaton-Jones as Necropsy Technician Atlanta, GA 30315 Dept. Special Clinical Sciences Wildlife Disease Susan Barnard pro Senior Keeper College of Veterinary Medicine Reptiles/Crocodilians Treasurer Reptile Department University of Florida Reptile Parasitology Box J-6, JHMHC Bat Conservation Gainesville, FL 32610 Graphics/Exhibits Page 12 GA, HI David W. Cook pro Senior Zookeeper Dept. Herpetology Bernard W. Gregory, Jr. pro Primates Leon C. Horton, Jr. pro Senior Keeper Primates Exhibits Gary Roesinger pro Hoofstock Terri K. Scheid pro Education Lab Technician Alan Sharpies pro President Zoo Keeper II Elephants Endangered Species Charles Walsh pro Keeper 1 Elephants/Giraffes Chehaw Wild Animal Park P.O. Box 447 Albany, GA 31702 (912) 432-2371 Robert L. Evans pro Assistant Curator Conservation Education New York Zoological Society St. Catherine’s Island Midway, GA 31320 (912) 876-7760 John laderosa af Zoologist Reptiles Stone Mountain Wildlife Trails P.O. Box 778 Stone Mountain, GA 30086 (404) 469-9831 Douglas A. Yonkin pro Zoo Atlanta 800 Cherokee Avenue S. E. Atlanta, GA 30315 (404) 658-7059 Ellen Bradfield pro Primate Cognition Education/Diets Brenda Copeland pro Elizabeth H. Jackson pro CZ/Birds Felines Tim Kurkowski pro Carnivores/Hoofstock Genny Lewis af Teacher Education Mary Mure af A.H.T. Carnivores/Hoofstock Georgia Non-Affiliated Listing Brenda Brochstein as 3420 Pine Meadow Road Atlanta, GA 30327 Elizabeth Hager as 1720 Belle Isle Circle N.E. Atlanta, GA 30329 Kevin Ivester as 1720 S. Houston Lake Rd. Kathleen, GA 31047 Primates Corine M. Rider pro 3087-K Colonial Way Chamblee, GA 30341 Gordon Taylor as 1616 Piedmont Avenue, M-12 Atlanta, GA 30324 Elephants Matt E. Williams as PC. Box 352 Athens, GA 30603 Sandy Creek Park Assistant Director People HAWAII Honolulu Zoo Chapter Queen Kapiolani Park Honolulu, HI 96815 Wattie N. Anderson pro Keeper Trainee Elephants/Domestic Hoofstock Heidie L. Bornhorst af Horticulturist Native Plants Linda S. Elliott pro Chairperson Reptiles/Birds Wendy Kuhns af Volunteer Mammals/Birds Sheila M. D. Lo af Keeper Aide Birds/Plants Peter McLane pro Vice President Elephants Mary Morgan af Keeper Aide Reptiles Nancy Peacock af Volunteer Zoo Society/Board Member Alice P S. Roberts as Biology Teacher Steve Robinson pro Secretary/Treasurer Hoofstock/Elephants Dan Vitiello pro President Reptiles Irene Zane af Zoo Librarian Larry Zolton pro Sergeant-at-Arms Elephants Honolulu Zoo Queen Kapiolani Park Honoiuiu, HI 96815 (808) 923-4772 Martin H. Courtney af Art Diane DeBrune Cox af Zoological Society Dina Elinson af Animal Behavior Gwen Y. Imoto pro Primates Scientific Illustration Cor Janson af Management Birds Sharon Kaiser af Zoo Hui Board Member Fundraisng Adoption Programs Brent R. Liesemeyer pro Hoofstock Primates Peter Luscomb af Birds Fran Okamoto pro Barn Big Cats Panaewa Rainforest Zoo P.O. Box 311 Kurtistown, HI 96760 (808) 959-7224 Lori Campbell af Mary F. Nielsen pro Primates Paradise Park, Inc. 3737 Manda Road Honolulu, HI 96822 (808) 988-2141 Glenda Lum af Exhibits Manager Birds Parrot Jungle of Kauai con P.O. Box 255 Kapaa, HI 96746 (808) 822-3333 Hawaii Non-Affiliated Listing Linda DiSante as #407-1860 Ala Moana Blvd. Honolulu, HI 96815 Primates Marine Mammals Tropical Rainforests Alexandra Kerall as 151 Kamehameha IV Road Honolulu, HI 96819 Page 13 ID, IL IDAHO Ross Park Zoo P.O. Box 4221 Pocatello, ID 83202 (208) 237-1383 Ray Jesse England pro Zoo Director ILLINOIS Cosley Animal Farm and Museum 1356 Gary Avenue Wheaton, IL 60187 (312) 665-5534 Jerry Douglas pro Curator/Keeper Brookfield Zoo Chapter Brookfield, IL 60513 Mary Allison pro Commissary Nutrition/Hoofstock Jeffrey P. Beckman af Docent Nancy Bent pro Birds Education Mary F. Burke pro Hoofstock Sr. Keeper Barbara L. Clauson pro President Senior Keeper Chiroptera/Rodentia Carnovora Joan M. Daniels pro Senior Keeper/CZ Raptor Rehabilitation Raptors Mike J. Gierhahn pro Hospital/Relief Raptors Lucy A. Greer pro Dennis Grimm pro Executive Secretary Ann Marie Laird af Lead Keeper Birds Mammals Cathi Mathias pro Lion House/Predator Ecology Cats/Hoofstock Frances Olson pro Ecology Officer Tropic World Primates Catherine Patrick pro Australia Small Mammals Ann M. Petrie con Asst. Curator of Mammals Ungulates/Pachyderms Mary Schollhamer pro Asst. Lead Keeper Hoofstock/etters Edward M. Spevak af Docent Liaison Behavior Enrichment John Stoddard pro Secretary Senior Keeper/Ungulates Patrick Stout pro Lead Keeper/Hospital Mammals/Restraint Zoo History/Safety Animal Health Tech. Deborah J. Watkins pro Children’s Zoo N. American Wildlife Pierce L. Whatley pro Asst. Lead Keeper Lion House/Predator Ecology Tapirs Andrea Zlabis pro Asst. Lead Keeper Small Mammal House Mammals Brookfield Zoo KAL Brookfield, IL 60513 (312) 485-0263 Karen L. Anderson pro Assistant Keeper Ctters Sandra Barnett af Keeper Aide Habitat Enrichment Karen Anderson-Bledsoe af Intern/Animal Hosp. Ctters Bruce A. Brewer af Assistant Curator Mammals Dennis Campbell af Docent Wolves Dorothy A. Connell af Docent Reptiles Terry Derosa pro Hoofstock Regina M. Drahnak af Docent Public Education Denise A. Dugan af Intern Hoofstock Dee Fisera af Docent Coordinator Education Department Volunteers Marjorie Irvine af Information Booth Rosalee Lambis af Docent/Volunteer Youth Education Lynn Sebek af Hoofstock Ann Shanks af Docent Cynthia K. Simpson af Marsupials Helen Snook pro Primates Ervin R. Spevacek af Joan Marie Stinson pro Pachyderms David B. Thornton pro Elephants/Rhinos Michael TIusty af Student Exotic Animal Nutrition Pearl Z. Yusuf af Animal Behavior Central Illinois Chapter Glen Oak Zoo 2218 North Prospect Peoria, IL 61603 (309) 682-2534 Roger Halleen pro (Glen Dak Zoo) Reptiles/Fish Dorothy R. Jepson af (Wildlife Prairie Park) Illinois Mammals Jerry B. Jepson af President Shelley Wilson af Secretary/Treasurer (Wildlife Prarie Park) Business Manager Cosley Animal Farm and Museum 1356 Gary Avenue Wheaton, IL 60187 (312) 665-5534 Jerry Douglas pro Manager/Curator Raptors Susan Holden pro Hoofstock/Pheasants Native Wildlife Glen Oak Zoo 2218 North Prospect Peoria, IL 61603 (309) 682-2534 Terri L. Hall af Hoofstock Reptiles Yvonne D. Strode af Primates Lincoln Park Chapter 2200 North Cannon Drive Chicago, IL 60614 Richard J. Elia pro Farm in the Zoo Gloria Finnerman af Animal Registrar Bonnie Jacobs pro Primates/Birds Senior Keeper Reptiles Retired Susan M. Moy pro Monkey House Tarsiers Page 14 IL Larry Sammarco pro Senior Keeper Large Mammal House Pat Sammarco pro Edentates/Cats Record Keeping Gorillas Marjorie Seymour pro Nursery Baby Animals Beverley Stewart af Nursery Volunteer Lincoln Park Zoo KAL 2200 North Cannon Drive Chicago, IL 60614 (312) 294-4660 Charlotte L. Alderson af Docent Barbara Benziger af Docent Mena Boulanger af Zoo Society Wayne Thomas Bradley pro Education Betty Ann Cuchna af Docent Reptiles Miriam Federgren af Docent Nancy DeFiesta af Volunteer Ellen L. George af Docent/Volunteer Betty Koenig Greenwald af Nursery Volunteer Jim Higgins pro Senior Keeper Great Apes Daniel Krawitz pro Rhinos Elizabeth Krohn pro Bird House Marine Mammals Kay McClure af Docent/Volunteer Research Randy McMahon pro Antelope/Zebra Samuel Mendez pro Mammals Joan Neymark af Docent Apes James S. Palmgren af Docent/Volunteer Elaine J. Penk af Docent David Petacque pro History/Biology Carol J. Rice af Docent Pat Sass pro Senior Keeper/CZ Great Apes/Handrearing Iris R. Schuster af Student Intern Wildlife Biology/Management Veterinary Medicine Janice M. Siska af Volunteer/CZ Nursery Animals Jeffry A. Stilson af CZ/Small Mammal House Small Cats Benjamin Suhm af Docent Polar Bears Pat Swieca pro Primates Elephants Melanie Toth af Docent Animal Behavior Susan B. Young af Volunteer Coordinator Miller Park Zoo con P.O. Box 3157 Bloomington, IL 61702 (309) 829-7961 Verona A. Barr pro Head Keeper Carnivores Lori Farley pro Swing Keeper John G. Shedd Aquarium KAL 1200 South Lake Shore Drive Chicago, IL 60605 (312) 939-2426 Susan Lynne Kenney pro Anemone Aquarist Jewel Tanks Diver Marine Invertebrates Wildlife Prarie Park R.R. 2, Taylor Road Hanna City, IL 61536 (309) 676-0998 Willowbrook Wildlife Haven DuPage County Forest Preserve Willowbrook, IL 60137 (312) 790-4913 Donna C. Klein pro Head Keeper Passerines/Native Wildlife Illinois Non-Affiliated Listing Michael P. Basel con Owner Fun Safaris, Inc. PO. Box 178 Bloomingdale, IL 60108 Mike Carpenter pro Primates/Elephants 3553 Grand Boulevard Brookfield, IL 60513 Laura L. Counts as 3714 West 162nd Place Markham, IL 60426 Kyle Curtis as 806 Devonshire Champaign, IL 61820 Catherine A. Dunbar as RR 1 Streator, IL 61364 Jill Grade af Psitticines c/o Sammarco 5218 N. Ludlam Avenue Chicago, IL 60630 Cheryl Jennison as 3913 Washington Westmont, IL 60559 W. Lawrence Keller as 1209 West Park Champaign, IL 61821 Cathy Klingler as 816 North 6th Avenue Maywood, IL 60153 Ruth M. Laufer af Veterinary Medicine 2119 33rd Street Zion, IL 60099 Priscilla C. Meyers af 421 North Washington Hinsdale, IL 60521 Erica Naleid as 127 Trelease 1001 College Court Urbana, IL 61801 Marc W. Papiernik as 10116 South Tripp Cak Lawn, IL 60453 Holly Paradis af c/o Richardson 4770 St. Joseph Lisle, I L 60532 Mary Ann Patryn af 1257 West Winnemac Chicago, IL 60640 Donald A. Rolla as 994 South Saylor Avenue Elmhurst, IL 60126 Rick Ruth con 305 North Braintree Drive Schaumburg, IL 60194 Shelley-Andrews Co. as 3540 North Southport Avenue Chicago, IL 60657 Lori Sterling as 1925 2nd Avenue Rockford, IL 61108 Captive Breeding Herps Animal Behavior Illinois Director President Elsa U.S.A. Education/Conservation AAZK Directory AAZK Page 15 IL, IN, lA Janet Sternburg af Linda Castlebury as Mesker Park Zoo 107 East Florida 318 1st Street Summer Employee Urbana, IL 61801 Evansville, IN 47713 Diane Sullivan as John Chapo as Design/Conservation 1722 West 101st Street 518 South 31st Street Chicago, IL 60643 South Bend, IN 46615 Linda Szymaniak as Joan Falvey as 8150 Washington 503y2 East Market Avenue Niles, IL 60648 Crawfordsville, IN 47933 Stacy A. Tate af Private Breeder Ned C Frazier pro Veterinary Hospital Route 2 Horses/Llamas/Racoons 4925 Brock Street, #204 Laboratory Technician Belle Rive, IL 62810 Cats/Fish/Birds/ Reptiles Indianapolis, IN 46254 Surgical Assistant Margaret J. Welke as Lane Geyer as 1046 Catalpa, #E 905 East Oakside Chicago, IL 60640 South Bend, IN 46614 Marcia D. Wierdak af Research Specialist Leigh Ann Haynes af Finishing Degree 27 South Madison, #3A Animal/Environmental Issues 1723 Greenbush LaGrange, IL 60525 Lafayette, IN 47904 Michelle Ziomek as Debra Hooley as 4744 South Lawler 57973 Quebec Street Chicago, IL 60638 Elkhart, IN 46517 Christy Ann Mazrimas as 10045 Erie Place INDIANA Highland, IN 46322 Fort Wayne Children’s Zoo Timothy M. Nawrocki as 3411 Sherman Street 2330 Northwestern Ave. Fort Wayne, IN 46808 (219) 483-7914 West Lafayette, IN 47906 Jim Anderson af Zoo Curator Amanda Sandos as 912 Jefferson Street Julie Kettlekamp pro Natural Exhibits Rochester, IN 46975 Martha Smith as Indianapolis Zoological Society con 1427 North Avenue 3120 East 30th Street Terre Haute, IN 47804 Indianapolis, IN 46218 (317) 547-3577 Vicki M. Vogt as Primates Janelle Brooks af Barn 1863 Lilac Road Llamas/Small Mammals Plymouth, IN 46563 Julian J. Duval af General Curator Exhibitry IOWA Carolyn Kleeman pro Relief Large Mammals Blank Park Zoo Debbie Olson pro Head Keeper African Pygmy Goats 7401 S.W 9th Des Moines, lA 50315 (515) 285-4722 Greg O'Neal af Elephants Seasonal Keeper Cats/Bears/Primates Myrna S. Booth pro Aquatic Mammals/Penguins Tortoises/Small Mammals Nutrition/Immobilization Lynne Villers pro Primates Steven Walker pro Reptiles/Cats Primates Mesker Park Zoo Belmont Avenue Iowa Non-Affiliated Listing Evansville, IN 47712 (812) 426-5610 Steven A. Bahe as Student/I. S. U. Paul Muensterman pro Nocturnal Exhibit Design 136-C University Village Ames. lA 50010 Zookeeping Career Pam Rogers pro Pachyderms Mary Ann Blake as 3308 South Duff, #33 Leopards Elephant Management Ames, lA 5010 Laurie Fankhauser as Animal Behavior Potawatomi Park Zoo 1006 35th Street South Bend, IN 46615 (219) 288-8133 916 Boston Way, #7 Coralville, lA 52241-1229 William Carlton pro Dr. V. J. Fitzgerald as Postdoctoral Assoc. Vet Tech. Animal Health Depatrment of Biology University of Iowa Behaviolal Ecology John Jaffee pro Senior Keeper Iowa City, lA 52242 Dan Powell pro Hoofstock James D. Hartz as RR 3 Cats John Ralston pro Keeper/Maintenance Waverly, lA 50677 Primates Sonya LeFevers as 3908 Ontario Indiana Non-Affiliated Listing Ames, lA 50010-3819 Robert J. Blaesing af Animal Keeping Tim Smith as Theriogenology 8606 Linden Avenue Animal Behavior Route 2 Reproductive Pyhsiology Munster, IN 46321 Ames, lA 50010-9802 Page 16 Marine Mammals lA, KS Dawn M. Snyder as 1320 Gateway, #610 Ames, lA 50010 KANSAS Hutchinson/Reno County Zoo RO. Box 444 Hutchinson, KS 67501 Harry L. Gregory af Ralph Mitchell Zoo , Route 4, Riverside Park Independence, KS 67301 I Ned Stichman af Lee Richardson Zoo Box 499 Garden City, KS 67846 Elaine Childers pro Jenifer Hanneman pro Richard E. Jones pro Kathy Sexson af Sedgwick County Chapter 5555 Zoo Boulevard Wichita, KS 67212 Scott Carter pro Idea Man Anita Cramm pro Mary Eckert pro Secretary/Treasurer Kristi L. Flanders pro Laura Meyers pro Vice-President Amy R. Sheldon pro President Sedgwick County Zoo KAL 5555 Zoo Boulevard Wichita, KS 67212 Terrie Correll pro Ken Redman af Dianne Rollins pro Brit Spaugh Zoo RO. Box 215 Greatbend, KS 675330 Douglas C. Burt pro Margaret Craig pro Nancy J. Smith af Director (316) 331-4820 Park Superintendent (316) 276-2800 Birds Relief Keeper Zoo Babies Hoofstock Education Coordinator Animal Photography Senior Keeper African Veldt Senior Keeper Pampas/Outback Mammals/Birds American Barn Nursery Asian Barn Yaks/Water Buffalo Pampas/Outback Behavior Veldt Large Mammals (316) 942-2212 Senior Keeper Herps/Small Mammals AAZK Secretaries Manager/Breeding Farm Hoofstock/Birds (316) 792-4501 Head Keeper Large Carnivores Zoo Foreman Part-Time Hoofstock Sunset Zoo City Hall, 11th & Poynts Manhattan, KS 66502 Zoe B. Albers pro William Kale Bedinghaus af Stephen J. Castillo pro Gail Frahm pro Ryan Gulker af Mary L. Haines af Peggy Hopkins pro Galen Kaufman af Becky MacKinnon af Caroline J. Meek pro Tami Moss af Elizabeth Ann Pyle af Michael Quick af Ronald Schulze af Denise M. Steig af Ric Urban af Robert F. Vandiver pro Kim L. Weir af Don Wixom af Gretchen Ziegler af The World Famous Topeka 635 Gage Boulevard Topeka, KS 66606 Mike Coker pro Valkyrie Kimball af Vice President Tori G. Mason pro Alice J. Miser pro Treasurer Jo A. O’Donnell af Michael A. Yznaga pro The World Famous Topeka 635 Gage Boulevard Topeka, KS 66606 Nancy Cherry af Gary K. Clarke Lf Friends of the Zoo con Norma P. Hill af Mary Jo Hobbs af Ron Kaufman Lf Debra J. Lingnau pro Ron Ringer pro (913) 537-0063 Hoofstock Zoo Education Intern Reptile Curator Primates/Diets Cats/Bears Big Cats/Behavior Management Intern Large Mammals Docent Primates Children’s Zoo Docent Veterinary Medicine Zoo Management Intern Head Zoo Keeper Docent/Student Zoo Management Intern Public Relations Intern Zoo Management Docent/Chairperson Docent Chairperson Education Docent/Graphics Dept. Zoo Design/Exhibits Maint./Grounds Keeper Hoofstock Docent Zoo Education Coordinator Herps/Education/Primates Intern Area Supervisor Vet. Tech. Zoo Medicine Primates/Tropical Rainforest Area Supervisor Apes/Elephants Docent Elephants Reptiles/Primates (913) 272-5821 Volunteer Director Keepers Zoo Support Org. Docent Docent Education Education Rain Forest Ecology Relief Keeper Hoofstock Lead Elephant Keeper Page 17 Overland Park Children’s Farmstead 138 Switzer Overland Park, KS 66221 (913) 897-2360 Tim Marshall af Assistant Manager Large Carnivores Zoo Chapter Zoo KAL KS, KY, LA, ME Becky Rogers af Great Apes/Reptiles LOUISIANA Kansas Non-Affiliated Listing Ric Brown as KEYN-FM103.7 2829 Salina Wichita, KS 67204 Jim Bruce as 825 East Wilson, #13 Ottawa, KS 66067 Barbara Bryant as KEYN-FM103.7 2829 Salina Wichita, KS 67204 Joyce Dunham as Route 5, Box 170 Paola, KS 66071 Randolph A. Faerber as 7854 Darnell Lenexa, KS 66216 Georgia S. Reuter af 1227 Kansas Avenue Topeka, KS 66612 DiAnn Roberts af #9 Rocky Ford Trailer Court Manhattan, KS 66502 Michael Stone as KEYN-FM103.7 2829 Salina Wichita, KS 67204 Pamela G. Walker as 1709 Winne Drive Manhattan, KS 66502 Barbara S. Vanderveen as 819 Norman Wichita, KS 67212 Sherri Wasserman as 10400 Russell Overland Park, KS 66212 Kathy Wolfe as RO. Box 1742 Lawrence, KS 66044 Ethology Science Teacher Photography Geology/Paleontology Formerly at Sunset Zoo Student/Primates Teacher Alexandria Zoological Park RO. Box 71 Alexandria, LA 71301 Carla Oncay pro Audubon Park Chapter RO. Box 4327 New Orleans, LA 70118 Dee M. Nelson pro Treasurer Lori Smith pro Greater Baton Rouge Zoo RO. Box 60 Baker, LA 70714 G. R. Felton, Jr. af Marcellle Guidry pro Richard G. Rummel pro Linda K. Sanders pro (318) 473-1386 Hoofstock/Raptors/Pelicans Domestic Birds/Cats Primates Cats/Plants Senior Keeper Asian Domain/Carnivores (504) 775-3877 Administration Nursery/Service Area Elephants Mammals/Infant Care Raptor Rehabilitation Primates Audubon Park & Zoological Garden RO. Box 4327 New Orleans, LA 70118 Sharlene Algaier af Mark Ellermann pro L. Ronald Foreman af Eva Jacobson af Vivian R. McCabe af Dominick Palestine af Peter W. Shannon af Lilli M. Thorpe pro Mary T. Witherspoon pro (504) 861-2537 Children’s Village Mammals/Prairie Dogs Commissary Manager Reptiles/Amphibians Executive Director Tropical Bird House/Research Captive Breeding Asian Domain Carnivores Curator of Birds Flamingos Primates Birds KENTUCKY Louisville Zoological Garden Chapter 1100 Trevillian Way Louisville, KY 40213 Ann Huck pro S.A.A. William Huck af Volunteer Louisiana Purchase Gardens and Zoo KAL RO. Box 123 Monroe, LA 71201 (318) 322-8966 Daniel D. Beetem af Supervisor Large Mammals Reproductive Behavior Nutrition Kenneth R. Kaemmereraf Primate Supervisor New World Primates Michael E. Lensch af Assistant General Curator Treasurer Louisville Zoological Garden 1100 Trevillian Way Louisville, KY 40213 David Hagan af Marian Jones af (502) 459-2182 Aquatics Marine Mammals/Cats Large Carnivores Birds John T. Waiczak pro Herpetology Kentucky Non-Affiliated Listing Aletha Marie Verhoest as 3552 Walnut Hill Lexington, KY 40515 Page 18 Louisiana Non-Affiliated Listing John S. Ellett as 430 Country Club Blvd. Slidell, LA 70458 Damian Regep pro 130 Midway Drive River Ridge, LA 70123 Sheri Whiteside as 136 Coolidge Street Jefferson, LA 70121 MAINE Acadia Animal Park Box 113, RFO 1 Trenton, ME 04605 Bruce Ashmore pro Private Collection Curator/Carnivores Behavior Management Former Keeper (207) 667-3244 Zoo Supervisor Reptiles/Hoofstock Education ME, MD, MA Veronica Comtois pro Finlay L. Matheson af Susan Mullins pro Hoofstock/Cats Maine Non-Affiliated Listing Marion Chamberlain as Rt. 2, Hinckley Rd., Box 735 Clinton. ME 04927 Kathleen R. Hardy as Wildlife Rehabilitation RO. Box 201 Waldoboro, ME 04572 Linda Toivainen pro Gorillas/Llamas R.R. 1, Box 1973, Lombard Rd. Kennebunk Port, ME 04046 MARYLAND Baltimore Zoo KAL Druid Hill Park Baltimore, MD 21217 (301 ) 396-7102 Kathy Bennett pro Mammal Department Birds/Raptors Paul Christopher Ryan pro Hoofstock/Cats/Bears Nutrition Mike Stoskopf Lf Catoctin Mountain Zoological Park U.S. 15 Thurmont, MD 21788 (301) 824-2574 Thomas Walton pro Salisbury Zoo KAL 75#South Park Drive Salisbury, MD 21801 (301) 742-2123 Linda R. Cherepow pro Swing Keeper Small Mammals/Medicine Ann Kuntze pro Susan Lawson af Grounds Keeper Animal Care/Behavior Bruce MacNelly pro Hoofstock Large Cats Gary Muir af Supervisor Spectacled Bears/Waterfowl Victor W. Twilley pro Keeper Accommodator Small Mammals Victor Vollkommer pro Large Mammals USDA Research Center Beltsville, MD 20705 (301) 344-2057 James W. Boiler, Jr. pro Animal Tech. Mammal Reproduction Maryland Non-Affiliated Listing Kenneth Deacon, Jr., D.D.S. as Baltimore Zoo 2932 Guilford Avenue Dentistry Baltimore, MD 21218 Tracy Miller as Herpetology 7805 Ellenham Avenue Ruxton, MD 21204 Janet Phipps as Keeper Accommodator 2133 Whistler Avenue Baltimore, MD 21230 Kim Pojeta as 1492 Dunster Lane Rockville, MD 20854 Beate Rettberg as 7925 Slingo Creek Parkway Tacoma Park, MD 20912 Robin Weiss as VX-1, NAS Patuxent River, MD 20653 Paula A. Wellard as 6202 Carrollton Terrace Hyattsville, MD 20781 MASSACHUSETTS Berkshire Museum Aquarium 39 South Street Pittsfield, MA 01201 Thomas G. Smith af Buttonwood Park Zoo Box C 804 New Bedford, MA 02740 Mike Ryer pro William L. Sampson pro Cheryl A. Swanson pro Franklin Park Zoo Boston, MA 02121 Robin C. Brockett pro Robert R Busa af Gail A. Castle pro Steven D. Contento af Cheryl Cullion pro Paula Kaplan pro Linda Martin pro Linda A. Napolitano pro Lawrence A. Pistrang pro John F. Ramsden pro Joanne Shear pro Lewis R. Stevens pro Metro Boston Zoos Chapter Pierpoint Road Dorchester, MA 02121 Jean Akers af Thomas Bates pro Susan Foster pro John J. Linehan pro Melissa M, Perry pro Sarah Prisland af Linda Schwartz af Christine L. VanGemert pro Secretary Was at Elmwood Park Zoo (412) 443-7171 Aquarium Manager Director of Environmental Ed. Marine Invertebrates/Reptiles (617) 796-1852 Assistant Director/Curator Pinnipeds/Elephants Hoofstock Elephants Marine Mammals Grazing Herd Animals (617) 442-2005 Children’s Zoo Illustration Reptiles Senior Zoo Attendant Birds World Project Management Ungulates Birds Children’s Zoo Raptors Bird House Hospital Medicine Birds Ornithology/Entomology Bird House Wildlife Rehabilitation Vet. Tech. Preventative Medicine Nutrition/Avian Diagnostics Zoo Supervisor Amphibians Curator of Mammals Conservation Hoofstock Aviary Hoofstock Mammals Conservation/Reproduction Hoofstock Primates Education Seasonal Keeper 4-H Supervisor Rodents/Canids Infant Care Specialist/Hosp. Gorillas Page 19 MA, Ml Metro Boston Zoos KAL Pierpoint Road Dorchester, MA 02121 Averil Muehlenberg pro New England Alive, Inc. Route 1 A Ipswich, MA 01938 Lyle Jensen pro Earl Logan pro W. D. Stone Memorial Zoo Stoneham, MA 02180 Thomas Aversa pro Mark W.A. Castle pro Kathy A. Clark pro Wayne S. Davis af Sandra Elliott pro Barbara H. Findley af Chris Garland pro Brenda E. Hassell pro Jane Layton pro Allison Neely af Nancy A. Payzant af Kathy Russo pro Kristine Theis af Geoffrey B. Thompsett pro Martha Valleriani pro Linda Welch af Michael Wells pro Worcester Science Center Harrington Way Worchester, MA 01604 Christina A. Carbone af Marylin McSheehy pro Gina M. Olson af Michael J. Schofield pro Charles F. Smith III pro Leona Cardinale Lf 21 Edenwood Avenue Dillercia, MA 01820 Page 20 (617) 442-2002 Primates Australian Species (617) 356-5139 President New England Animals Reptiles Manager Reproduction/Nutrition (617) 438-6186 Aviary Birds/Herptiles/Incubation Handrearing Senior Zoo Attend. Aviary Birds/Wildlife Photography Mammals Primates Education Endangered Species Sealions/Hoofstock Nutrition/Repro. Physiology Volunteer Zoo Attendant Primates/Felines Tropical Rain Forests Hoofstock/Birds/Reptiles Small Mammals Head Keeper Hoofstock Tropical AViary Ornithology Primates Orangutans Aviary Big Cats Kitchen Animal Diets Sea Lions/Hoofstock Animal Behavior Giraffes (617) 791-9211 Assistant Zoo Keeper Raptors Curator of Animals Polar Bears Reptiles Christine Chapin af 9 Lake Street New Bedford, MA 02740 Janet Hanson as 722 Pleasant Street Bridgewater, MA 02324 Ron Kagan as 5 White Terrace Lexington, MA 02173 Deborah Merritt as 1020 Federal Street Belchertown, MA 01007 Sheila O’Connor as 29 Oakdale Avenue Dedborn, MA 02026 Linda Rohr pro 21 Lindsey Street Boston, MA 02124-1309 MICHIGAN John Ball Zoo 301 Market S.W. Grand Rapids, Ml 49503 Gayle Booth pro Pamela Dawn Laarman pro Joan Ryskamp pro Roy Van Liere pro Binder Park Zoo 7500 Division Drive Battle Creek, Ml 49017 Bernadine Ardell af Angela Conley pro Eric G. Easton pro Karen Easton pro Detroit Zoological Park P. O. Box 39 Royal Oak, Ml 48068 Frances Armstrong af Zoo Society Veterinary Technician Animal Care Intern Mammals/Cats Research Zoologist Lemurs Formerly at Miami Metrozoo Elephants/Behavior (616) 456-3800 Children’s Zoo Penguins/South America Carnivores Hoofstock (616) 979-1251 Research/Nutrition Head Keeper Outside Cats/Hoofstock/Raptors (313) 398-0903 Docent Tours/Outreach Department Southwick’s Wild Animal Farm RFD, Southwick Street Blackstone, MA 01504 (617) 883-9182 Detroit Zoological Park Chapter Box 39 Royal Oak, Ml 48068 Linda M. Anstandig pro Vice President Reptiles/Amphibians Penguins/Animal Behavior Steve Graham con Director John T. Harling af Docent Fish Denise Jakubiak pro Birds Joseph McEwen pro Senior Keeper Elephants/African Hoofstock Primates Randy McGill pro Bears/Hippos Polar Bears Michelle Miley pro Secretary Senior Keeper Reptiles/Amphibians Betty C. Morgan af Docent Anne Payne pro President Hospital Animal Health Gerald Payne pro Board Member Principal Zoo Keeper Reptiles Patrick J. Smyth pro Hoofstock Interspecies Interaction Massachusetts Non-Affiliated Listing Ml, MN, MS John A. Dinon pro Mammals MINNESOTA Kathleen FradI pro Relief Cedar Grove Farm Large Hoofstock 12058 55th Marine Mammals/SSP Stillwater, MN 55102 (612) 439-6788 Colette Monique Hardy pro Aquarium Travel/Photography Craig Wagner pro Exotic Feledae Kevin C. Koch pro Belle Isle Curator Como Zoo Midway Parkway James R. Langhammer af St. Paul, MN 55103 (612) 488-5571 Fish/Herps Raymond J. Parker af Volunteer Glenn B. Latinen af Katherine A. Latinen af Kathryn A. Lechner af R. S. Legal pro Head Zoo Keeper Curator/Mammals Docent Birds Public Education Australia Docent Education/Primates Primates Vicki Scheunemann af Mike Then pro Larry Letsche, QVM. af Veterinarian Duluth Zoo 7210 Fremont Street Dr. Albert Lewandowski af Veterinarian Duluth, MN 55807 (218) 524-1502 Theodora Marshall af Docent Richard Laine pro Assistant Director Cats/Public Relatins Tony Modica pro Principal Zoo Keeper Birds/Mammals/Belle Isle Michael S. Poison pro Canines/Hoofstock Camping/Nature Nadine Richter, D.V.M. af Senior Veterinarian Reproduction Elvin R. Washburn pro Senior Keeper/Hoofstock Primates Lynnette E. Rohde pro Belle Isle/Mammals Raptor Rehabilitation Minnesota Zoological Gardens KAL Jewell Tregloun Sawtell af Docent 12101 Johnny Cake Road Education/Birds Apple Valley, MN 55124 (612) 432-9010 Thomas Schneider pro Mammals SSP/Conservation Susan M. Bunn pro Debra Foster pro Tropic Birds Aquariums Virginia Sutherland af Docent Sean Harrington af Primates/Cats Potter Park Zoo KAL Thomas McCaffrey pro Northern Trek 1301 South Pennsylvania Donna Sandon pro Zoologist Assistant Lansing, Ml 48933 (517) 483-4222 Minnesota Trail Minnesota Native Mammals Jan Martin Brigham pro Big Cats Primates/Hoofstock Amy L. Shima, D.V.M. af Veterinarian Gerald G. Miller af Theresa M. Morgan pro Zoo Director Reptiles G. Brinton Spencer pro Senior Keeper/Herpetology Bothrops trimeresurus Larry Vorwerk pro Senior Keeper/Tropics Jenny K. Rentfrow pro Reference Search Project Keeper Accommodator Birds Minnesota Non-Affiiiated Listing Saginaw Children’s Zoo Ezra-Rust & Washington Saginaw, Ml 48601 (517) 776-1657 Donald L. Dahiberg as 3531 Cedar Ave. South Minneapolis, MN 55407 Michelle A. DuBeau af Zoo Keeper Graphics Illustrator Suzanne Elch as 3610 Pleasant Avenue South Minneapolis, MN 55409 Michigan Non-Affiliated Listing Erik Heikkila af David Caparon af Student M.S.U. & C.M. 2815 West 40th Street 3603 Orchard Drive Zoology/Herpetology Minneapolis, MN 55410 Midland, Ml 48640 Working on Masters Degree Barbara Reifer as B. J. Cardinal as 555 N. 33 Mile Road Veterinary Technician 1901 Nelson Drive Thief River Falls, MN 56701 Cadillac, Ml 49601 Catherine Ritchie as Leslie L. Good as Primates 900 78th Street East, #21 49601 Shelby Road Utica, Ml 48087 Richfield, MN 55423 Robin Elizabeth Rhein as 6245 Warlington MISSISSIPPI Birmingham, Ml 48010 John Siegel Lf 44 East Savannah Jackson Zoological Park KAL 2918 West Capitol Street Jackson, MS 39209 (601) 960-1575 Detroit, Ml 48203 David Culbertson pro Elephants/Hoofstock Sumner Spadaro af Reptiles 1520 South University Penny Reinhardt af Education Curator Ann Arbor, Ml 48104 Keeper Education Page 21 MS, MO, MT, NE James L. Swigert af Director St. Louis Zoological Park Chapter Forest Park St. Louis, MO 63110 MississiDDi Non-Affiliated Listina Lucy E. Bailey af Docent/Education Dept. Sheila Craft af Animal Emergency Clinic Ann Day pro 2220 North Lamar Street Veterinary Technician Head Keeper/Herpetarium Jackson, MS 39202 Large Carnivores/Raptors President Jana Ervin af 1059 Glenwood St., South Apt. Jackson, MS 39209 St. Louis Zoological Park KAL Forest Park St. Louis, MO 63110 (314) 781-0900 Alene A. Minchew as 3409 Pearl Street, #2 Hattiesburg, MS 39401 Marine Mammals Michael K. LaTurno pro Herpetarium Reptiles/Amphibians Wilderness Safari MISSOURI RO. Box 1129 Branson, MO 65616 (417) 334-7884 Dickerson Park Zoo Chapter 3043 North Fort Springfield, MO 65803 Clyde H. Brinley pro Director/Owner Eland/Elk Mike Crocker af General Curator Stephanie L. Hirsch pro Japanese Snow Macaques Lions Jeff Glazier pro Asst. Senior Keeper Cindy Jaroszewski pro Children’s Zoo Supervisor Elephants/Tamarins Rodents/Primates Butch Malchow pro Curator Dickerson Park Zoo con KAL 3043 North Fort Springfield, MO 65803 (417) 833-1570 Missouri Non-Affiliated Listing Bison/Mountain Lions Louise Buck af Zoo Aide Richard L. Enfield af Lana Gaska af Volunteer 6954 East 47th Terrace Primates Kansas City, MO 64129 David lllig af Raptor Attendant Ernest Hagler as Kansas City Pk., Swope Pk. Alan F. Rost af Information Specialist Kansas City, MO 64132 History of Zoo Species Steven McGehee as 2449 Pocahontas Central American Zoos Kansas City Zoo Chapter St. Louis, MO 63144 Swope Park Kansas City, MO 64132 Jim Black pro African Veldt Chris Mitchell as 11209 East 10th Street Independence, MO 64054 Nursery/Animal Health Elephants Pat Murphy as 1228 Oakshire Lane Mike Blakely af Curator of Mammals All Kinds of “Stuff” Kirkwood, MO 63122 R. Marlin Perkins Lf St. Louis Zoo Betsey J. Burke af Zoological Curator 52 Aberdeen Place Director Emeritus Support Activities St. Louis, MO 63105 Theresa Cassidy pro Animal Health Mark D. Wilson as 306 Hitt, 6D Vet. Med. Student Zoo Medicine Marcella F. Jones pro Birds/Sea Lions Columbia, MO 65201 Karen A. Kline pro Ape House Primates MONTANA Daniel M. Watson as International Wild Waterfowl Associates Dee Wolfe af Volunteer/Docent 217 Ridge Trail Road Newsletter Co-Editor Bears/Otters Bozeman, MT 59715 (406) 587-4464 Wendi Schendel con Secretary/Treasurer Kansas City Zoo Propogation/Care of Swope Park Kansas City, MO 64132 (816) 333-7406 Wild Waterfowl Janet Brannian pro Birds Tropical Birds/Plants NEBRASKA Folsom Children’s Zoo Roger Brannian af Zoo Veterinarian 2800 A Street Libby Gardner af Lincoln, NE 68502 (402) 475-6741 Nancy Griffin pro Ape Grotto Raptor Rehabilitation Tracie Lynn Benton pro Head Keeper Camels/Wolves Engish Springer Spaniels Charlene Franey af Administrative Assistant Chuck Kirchner af Raptor Row Old Women Laura Trechsel pro Curator Mary Ellen O’Brien as Zoo Corps Vol. Ape House Henry Doorly Zoo 10th & Deer Park Boulevard Sylvia Salehpour pro Valley Lakes Touch Town Birds Omaha, NE 68107 (402) 733-8401 Marilyn B. Bellinger af Docent Paul Siddons pro Page 22 Veldt/Grotto Medicine Alan G. Holst pro Daniel Ray Houser pro Elizabeth J. Moffatt af Sarah Newman af Emagrace Reilly af Randy Rockwell af Lorraine Schlueter af Cathy Socha pro Carole Tureud af Carla Wiesen pro Nebraska Non-Affiliated I Darold A. Fletcher as 3101 South 47th Street Lincoln, NE 68506 Mary Jo Howe as 312 East 21st Street Fremont, NE 68025-2603 Cats Supervisor/Apes Pachyderms/Sea Lions Docent Docent Education/Public Relations Docent Elephants/Giraffes General Curator Docent Librarian Docent Zoo Collection Cats/Bears Lemurs I Retired/Pioneer Park Zoo Vet. Med. Student NEVADA Exotic Animals Unlimited, Pet Breeding Farm Star Route 71670 Pahrump, NV 89041 (702) 727-4922 Robert Bentz pro Curator/Breeder/Dealer Reptiles NEW HAMPSHIRE Benson’s Wild Animal Farm Route 111 Hudson, NH 03051 (603) 882-2481 Rachel A. Comtois pro Head Hoofstock Keeper Breeding Program/Education Mika J. Nurmikko pro General Curator New Hampshire Non-Affiliated Listing Arvilla Chapman as Zoologist 3 Olsen Road Wildlife Care/Behavior Derry, NH 03038 Jacqueline Durette as 77 Durette Court Manchester, NH 03102 NEW JERSEY Cape May County Park Zoo U.S. Highway 9, Pine Lane Cape May C.H., NJ 08210 (609) 465-3031 Lisa Vivaldi af Exotics Large Mammals Cohanzick Zoological Garden City Hall Annex Bridgeton, NJ 08302 (609) 455-3230 Robert F. Riley af Director North Jersey Chapter 560 Northfield Avenue West Orange, NJ 07052 Eileen P Gerity pro Education Curator Lesley Kovar pro Co-President Linelle Smith pro Popcorn Park Zoo P.O. Box 43, Humane Way Forked River, NJ 07114 John Bergmann pro Lee Bernstein af Michael M. Metzger pro NE, NV, NH, NJ Hoofstock/Birds ISIS/Bald Eagles/Tapirs (609) 693-1900 General Manager Habitat Construction Health/Tranquilization Senior Keeper Bears/Cats/Primates Six Flags Great Adventure RO. Box 120 Jackson, NJ 08527 Butch Dring pro Sylvia V. Mashaw pro Barbara J. Welsted af Jane E. Yaniro pro (201) 928-2000 Director/Safari Warden/Monkeys Elephants/Cats/Lions '> Animal Warden Hoofstock/Tigers Animal Caretaker/Warden African Hoofstock Turtleback Zoo KAL 560 Northfield Avenue West Orange, NJ 07052 Franklin J. Fink pro Sue Mitschke pro Elaine Puzo pro Fran Robbins af Joe Vittoria pro (201) 731-5800 Relief Keeper Animal Health Swing Keeper Groundhogs Education Animals Nursery Docent/Volunteer Library Chairwoman Education/Touring Night Keeper Kinkajous Van Saun Park Zoo KAL Forest Avenue Paramus, NJ 07652 James T. Komsa pro Catherine Van Poznak pro Jim White pro (201) 262-3771 Sr. Animal Keeper Domestics Animal Keeper Foreman Primates/Reptiles New Jersey Non-Affiliated Listing Jeanne Boccongelli as SFCCTZ 40 Oakwood Avenue Primates Livingston, NJ 07039 Melissa Conover as Primates 21 Spring Valley Drive Holmdee, NJ 07733 Betsy Jonesas 325 South First Street Surf City, NJ 08008 Kathleen Ann Loehr as 32 Eastbrook Road Parsippany, NJ 07054 Jacqueline Marinelli af Camden County SPCA 26 Troy Avenue Gibbstown, NJ 08027 Edward Shagam, D.D.S., PA. as Zoological Dental 9-11 Garden Street Consultant Mount Holly, NJ 08060 Dawna Stapfer as R.D. 1 Lebanon, NJ 08833 Page 23 NM, NY NEW MEXICO Carlsbad Horticulture Society Living Desert State Park RO. Box 1956 Carlsbad, NM 88220 (505) 887-5516 Mark O. Rossacker af Animal Curator Rio Grande Zoological Park 903 Tenth Street SW KAL Albuquerque, NM 87102 (505) 766-7823 Dora M. Jacobs pro Senior Keeper Herpetariui Breeding/Exhibits James J. Mason af Docent Primates Letitia C. Peirce af Executive Secretary N. M. Zoological Society Herps New Mexico Non-Affiliated List Diana Oliveras as 3405 Mackland N. E. Albuquerque, NM 87106 Research Assistant Dwain Vincent as 6604 Hensch Street NE Albuquerque, NM 87109 NEW YORK Avian Rehabilitation Center Laboratory of Ornithology 159 Sapsucker Woods Road Ithaca, NY 14850 Rio Grande Zoo Docent Rosalie V. Borzik as Bronx Zoo Chapter Bronx, NY 10460 Volunteer Student at Cornell Birds Angelo T. Arena, Jr. pro Birds Richard Buchholz af Volunteer Ornithology Robert Edington pro Senior Keeper John J. Kiseda pro President Ornithology Frank H. Leonard pro Mammals Collecting Adele H. Lewis af Newsletter Contributor Friends of the Zoo Joe Martinez pro Herpetology Richard Mazza pro Mammals Computers/Information Records Margaret Price af Group Sales Supervisor Linda J. Roberts pro Mammals Primates Rena Schilsky af Volunteer Birds Patrick Thomas pro Senior Keeper President Wild Asia Henry M. Tusinski af Habitat Construction Ratites/Snow Leopards Paul Zabarauskas pro Jungle World Invertebrates/Birds Insects Martin W. Zybura pro Recording Secretary Mammal Department Bronx Zoo - New York Zoological Society Bronx, NY 10460 (212) 220-5100 Steven Balzano pro Ornithology Nutrition/Exhibition Peter E. Bucholz pro Ornithology Captive Propagation Endangered Avian Fauna Carpentry Christine Dinger pro Mammals Primates Jean M. Eh ret pro Senior Keeper Birds Ellen Falvo pro David A. Florin pro Ornithology Lynn Gray-Schofield pro Mammals Mark L. Hofling pro Asian Animals Pheasants/Raptors Primates Frank Indiviglio pro World of Birds Invertebrates Florence Klecha pro Mammals Patricia A. Lewis pro Mammals Linda Loverro pro Mammals Stephen Musso pro Senior Keeper Jungle World Mammals Pamela C. Orsi pro Mammals Asian Animals/Tapirs W. Sheshko, Jr. pro Mammals African & S. Amer. Hoofstock Scott C. Silver pro Mammals Primates Kimberley Tropea pro Mammals Exhibit Design Buffalo Zoo Deleware Park Buffalo, NY 14214 (716) 837-3900 Marc D. Ankerud pro Birds Karen Chmelko pro Mammals Giraffes Sarah Connaughton pro Reptiles Photography John R. Heine pro Primates/Hoofstock North American Wildlife Larry E. Radford pro Reptiles Herpetology Shaorn B. Schleimer pro North American Mammals Charles Smith pro Reptiles Elizabeth Suleski pro Birds Soft Bills/Macaws Chris Weinheimer pro Cats Birds Lori Vanderwalker pro Elephants Burnet Park Zoo KAL PO. Box 146 Liverpool, NY 13088 (315) 457-2990 Jim Aiello af Curator of Education Margaret Arquette pro Small Mammals Felines Joseph D. Brown pro Birds/Herps Raptors Mitchell R. Case pro Elephant Handler Training Jerome H. Clark af Volunteer Keeper Birds/Reptiles Charles Doyle pro Senior Zookeeper Elephants Bernard C. Feldman pro Birds Plants/Elephants Page 24 NY Theresa J. Fiedler pro Elephants Walter Levendosky pro Birds Martha E. Jenkins pro Contact Barn Domestic Animals Raptors Krista Boyd Larrow pro Small Mammals Town of Brookhaven Ecology Site Susan Margulis pro Sm^ll Mammals Primates Holtsville, NY 11742 Kenneth Schwindt pro (516) 758-9664 Explorer Post 10 Maria Elaina Matteson pro John R Moakler pro Primates Elephants Trevor Teaching Zoo Millbrook School Nancy Oberliesen pro Man and Animals Millbrook, NY 12565 Nancy K. Porter pro Birds/Reptiles/Fish Gerald B. Caddick pro Mammals Mary Read pro Contact Barn Endangered Species Utica Zoo KAL Holly R. Reid pro A.H.T Steele Hill Road Elephants/Goats Utica, NY 13501 (315) 798-3280 Ken Reininger af Curator Birds/Reptiles Audrey Barndt pro Vet Tech/Reptile Keeper Wildlife Rehabilitation Charlotte Tagtmeyer pro Animals Benefiting Man Education/Rehabilitation Laurie A. Gorman pro Cats/Primates Marine Mammal Training Flushing Meadow Zoo Queens, NY 11368 (718) 699 4275 Mike Lavelle pro Hoofstock Gary Lewandrowski pro Supervisory Keeper Mary Anne Antonacci pro Main Zoo/Farm Cats/Primates Patti Cooper pro Steven Matthews af Curator Animal Management Wildlife, Inc. R.R. 1, Box 446-A Blanchard Road Stormy Point, NY 10980 Heidi V. Wester pro CZ Supervisor Head of Sea Lion Training Program Betsy Lewis pro New York Non-Affiiiated Listing New York Aquarium Alan G. Baker pro 320 Hubbell Avenue Turtles/Small Mammals Boardwalk & West 8th Street Brooklyn, NY 11224 (212) 266-8500 Syracuse. NY 13207 Michele Cosenza af Mammals Marine Linda M. Bauer as 220 W Molloy Road Matlydale, NY 13211 Zoo Management Linda L. Gangloff af Mammals Animal Photography Joe Bisconti as 132-35 87th Street Herpetology/Entomology Laura A. Gannon af Mammals Marine Mammals Ozone Park, NY 11417 Scott Blum as Particia K. Landry af Marine Mammals 57 Erie Street Whales/Dolphins Oswego, NY 13126-3819 Debbie Brown af Opel Zoo Ross Park Zoo KAL PO. Box 6108 Endangered Species 60 Morgan Road A.RO., NY 09057-5420 Cheetahs Binghamton, NY 13903 (607) 724-5454 Candi Cohen as Kelly Bolton pro 1822 76th Street Howard Courtright af Exhibits Technician Brooklyn, NY 11214 Cage Design Stefni Dusterwald as A.H.T Maria Dorr-Dorynek pro 90-23 77 Street Woodhaven, NY 11421 Mammals Susan B. Ernstrom pro Animal Care Specialist Hospital Reptiles Frank A. Enders as 304 East 4th Street Brooklyn, NY 11218 Timothy J. French pro Head Zookeeper William Engelder as Lynn Leindecker pro Big Cats/Birds RD 1, Box 16 Todd Sinander af West State Road Allegany, NY 14706 Anne C. Smith pro Hoofstock Lorraine Faye as Therese Walsh af Public Relations 30 Loudoun Street Promotions Yonkers, NY 10705 Susan J. Irizarry as Seneca Zoological Park KAL 67 Merritt Avenue 2222 St. Paul Street Massapequa, NY 11758 Rochester, NY 14621 (716) 266-6846 Brina Maliro as Animal Health Technician Middle Island Animal Hospital Handraising Non-Human Staten Island Zoo KAL Route 25 Baby Animals 614 Broadway Middle Island. NY 11953 Staten Island, NY 10310 (212) 442-3101 Carol J. McConnell as Jay Jasan af Assistant Director/Education 1290 Trumansburg Road Public Education Ithaca, NY 14850 Page 25 NY, NC, ND, OH Dr. Ira B. Perelle as Professor Mercy College Animal Behavior 555 Broadway Dobbs Ferry, NY 10522 Deborah Pergolotti as Exotic Birds RO. Box 8184, F.D.R. Station New York, NY 10150 Maria Pini as 103 McGraw Place Ithaca, NY 14850 Anne Schilsky as World of Birds 2740 Tenbroeck Avenue Eggs/Cranes Bronx, NY 10469 Maria Schwalbe as 27 N. W. 9th Street Oswego, NY 13126 Stephen M. Seymour as 416 East Broadway Fulton, NY 13069 Teresa L. VanButsel as NAS, RO. Box 2495, FPO New York, NY 09560-2495 James R. Williams af Box 9 Soundview Loop, R.R. 4 South Salem, NY 10590 FJ. Zeehandelaar as Animal Supplier 6 Sickles Avenue New Rochelle, NY 10801 NORTH CAROLINA Felicidades Wildlife Foundation, inc. RO. Box 490 Wayneyviile, NC 28786 (704) 926-0192 Rosemary K. Collett af V. P./Sec ./Treas. Grandfather Mountain Highway 221, P.O. Box 508 Linviiie, NC 28646 (704) 733-2013 Steve A. Miller pro Wildlife Biologist Native Appalacian Wildlife Charles C. Morris af Environmental Habitat Natural Science Center and Zoo 4301 Lawndale Drive Greensboro, NC 27408 (919) 288-3769 Peggy V. Ferebee af Curator of Zoo North Carolina Museum of Life and Science 433 Murray Avenue Durham, NC 27704 (919) 477-0431 G. Dudley Aldridge af Volunteer Keeper Mammals Jacqueline A. Moredock pro Director Animal Collections Large Carnivores Tom Rudolph pro Animal Exhibits Small Mammals Michael R. Sandy af Maintenance Animal Care/Education Tammi-Sue Sellati af Volunteer North Carolina Zooiogicai Park Route 4, Box 73 Asheboro, NC 27203 (919) 879-5606 Doris-Marie Collier pro Baboons/Cats/Chimps Small Mammals/Primates Laura Mason af Volunteer Future Zookeeper Laurie Page pro Animal Hospital Lucy F. Segerson pro African Pavillion Primates/Cats Tracy Thorp pro Aviary Birds/Reptiles Mrs. Claude E. York pro Commissary Manager Nutrition/Animal Health Soco Gardens Zoo Route 1, Box 355 Maggie Valiey, NC 28751 (704) 926-1746 James P. Miller af Owner/Curator/Keeper North Caroiina Non-Affiliated Listing Georgette L. Foster as 615 South Elm Street Greenville, NC 27834 Kathy Stegall as 1601 J-5 Eastcrest Charlotte, NC 28205 Charley Welsh as 2816 Cornwallis Road Durham, NC 27705 Primates NORTH DAKOTA Dakota Zoo Box 711 Bismarck, ND 58501 (701) 223-7543 Neil Dyer af Assistant Director Ratites/Hoofstock Di Lincoln af Business Associate Milk Goats/Young Animals Native Animals Roosevelt Park P.O. Box 538 Minot, ND 58701 (701) 852-2751 Donald Fricke pro Zoo Superintendant OHIO Akron Zoological Park 500 Edgewood Avenue Akron, OH 44307 (216) 375-2298 Dale E. Ballet, Jr. pro Assistant Keeper David P. Ford pro Animal Care Supervisor Waterfowl Diane CM. Forsyth pro Education Curator South Head Keeper Neo-Natal Care/Nutrition L. Patricia Simmons af Executive Director Kathy Sucharitakul pro Animal Care Pam Williams af Volunteer Mammals/Bears/Wolves Cincinnati Zoo 3400 Vine Street Cincinnati, OH 45220 (513) 281-4703 Denny Acus pro Carvnivores Felines Yvonne Clippinger pro Head Keeper/Birds Aquatic Birds/Penguins Michael W. Dulaney pro Head Keeper/Nocturnal Small Mammals Natalie Mashburn af J.H.S. Children’s Zoo Hoofstock/Small Mammals Val Nastold af CZ Supervisor Hoofstock Page 26 OH Susan C. Schmid af Children’s Zoo Mammals/Reptiles Joyce Lee Turner af Cleveland Aquarium 601 East 72nd St. Research Assistant/Tech Cincinnati Wildlife Research Federation Mustelids/Mammals Cleveland, OH 44103 (216) 391-1527 Richard Emmer pro Aquarist Behavior Cleveland Metroparks Zoological Park Brookside Park Cleveland, OH 44109 (216) 661-6500 Evahynde A. Clark pro Birds JoAnne Evans af Education Kimberly A. Miller pro Animal Care Center Tim Pappas pro Bears Ken Pekarek pro Pachyderms Scott M. Wright pro Kangaroo House Columbus Zoological Gardens 9990 Riverside Drive Powell, OH 43065 Chapter Greg Babbitt af Volunteer/Ex-Keeper Pachyderms Reptiles/Mammals Brad Booth pro Marketing Animals Animal Training Judy Boyer af Docent Gail E. Foreman as Zoologist Captive Propagation Carl S. Gyarmaty pro Herbivore/Carnivore Hoofstock Daniel R. Hunt pro Head Keeper Herbivore/Carnivore Large Cats/Hoofstock Stacy Katz af Mammals Vice-President Cheetahs/Bears Marsha Lynne King pro Herbivore/Carnivore North America Chimps Andy Lodge pro President Elephant Trainer Celeste Lombardi pro CZ Supervisor Kenneth J. Mettler af Education Department Bird Training Richard Nease af Security/Gate Keeper Crystal L. Pendleton pro CZ- Baby Gorillas Mila Jayne Wheeler af Docent Gorillas Don Winstel pro General Curator Ann Marie Wookey af Seasonal Secretary Pachyderm Volunteer Columbus Zoological Gardens 9990 Riverside Drive KAL Powell, OH 43065 (614) 889-9471 Dave Ackerman af Gamekeeper Herbivore/Carnivore Yvonne Clippinger pro Headkeeper/Birds Aquatic Birds/Raptors Becky Green af Docent Gorillas Dick M. Pope pro Bird Curator Sandra L. Richardson af Docent Joseph Rindlerpro Pachyderms Kings Island Wild Animal Habitat Kings Island, OH 45034 (513) 241-5600 Terry Raitt pro Ranger Elephants Roger Wilhelm pro Elephants/Rhinos/Giraffes Toledo Zoological Gardens Chapter 2700 Broadway Toledo, OH 43609 Nancy Bucher af Horticulturalist Bruce Clark pro Mammals Primates/Graphics Deborah G. Cooper af Education Coordinator Animal Care Bill Dennier af Executive Director Herps Michael A. Dilley pro Senior Keeper/CZ Apes Glenous M. Favata af Curator of Mammals Michelle Grigore pro Treasurer Birds Captive Propagation Sharon Simmons af “Gofer” Marine Mammals Marlene Sterling af Museum Aid Reptiles/Birds/Plants Cathryn Stockman pro Children’s Zoo Animal Behavior Joanne Terry pro Secretary Vet. Tech. Nutrition/Ultrasound Toledo Zoological Gardens 2700 Broadway Toledo, OH 43609 KAL (419) 385-5721 Margie Black pro Mammals Elephants Paula Davis af Publications and Grants Coordinator Book Reviews Nancy Foley af Public Relations/Marketing Donna J. Hyter af Executive Secretary Amy Gheres Lang pro Ape House Donna M. Rupe af Hoofstock/Large Cats Steven L. Snyder af Exhibit Technician Woodhaven Zoo 900 Birch Road Xenia, OH 45385 (513) 376-1201 Robert W. Lauderback af Cats Ohio Non-Affiliated Listing Jim Balazy as 16546 Sheldon Road Brook Park, OH 44142 Gorillas/Conservation Animal Photography Ernest Farkas as 2122 Birchard Toledo, OH 43605 Marty Harrison as 10355 Washington Street Byesville, OH 43723-9756 SFCCTZ Breeding Endangered Specie Pamela K. Parry as 7722 Shalamar Drive Huber Heights, OH 45424 Parrots Page 27 OH, OK, OR Suzette Pierard as 5330 Lin worth Road Worthington, OH 43085 Zoo Administration Ann Richter as 212 East 15th Avenue Columbus, OH 43201 Donna Robb as Apple Hill Animal Hosp. 407 East Royalton Road Broadview Hghts., OH 44146 Ex-Zookeeper Animal Technician Elephants Jonna Weaver as 242'/2 S. Main Street Bowling Green, OH 43402 Lab/Research Tech Wildlife Rehabilitation OKLAHOMA Kelly-Miller Circus Box 829 Hugo, OK 74743 James L. Patterson pro Elephant Supervisor Oklahoma City Chapter Route 1, Box 1 Oklahoma City, OK 73111 Carla Beaty-Collett pro Primates/Gorillas Kimberly G. Davidson pro Isolation Supervision Rare Breeding Darcy Reddington pro Vice-President Off-Exhibit Breeding Raptors/Cats Bob Smith pro Birds Raptors Florence 0. Wilson af Zoo Library Oklahoma City Zoo KAL Route 1, Box 1 Oklahoma City, OK 73111 (405) 424-3344 Mary Alvey af Education Joseph A. Figueroa af Tours Large Cats Cheryl L. Jones pro Children’s Zoo Carnivores Kathryne L. King af Part-Time Keeper CZ/Nursery Tulsa Zoo Chapter 5701 E. 36th Street N. Tulsa, OK 74115 (918) 835-8472 Russell Grimpe af Vice-President Curator/Reptiles Chelonia Phyllis D. Webster pro Zoo Vet Tech Reptiles/Parasitology Tulsa Zoological Park 5701 East 36th Street N. Tulsa, OK 74115 Bert Castro pro Karen Dunn pro Large Mammals Carnivores Chrislyn R. Hinck pro Children's Zoo Small Mammals Domestic Animals Paul D. Louderback pro Birds Behavior Steve Tigges pro Reptiles/Primates Oklahoma Non-Affiliated Listing Janice Shores as Birds 5229 South Harvard Tulsa, OK 74135 Page 28 Linda Turner as 422 N.W. 27 Oklahoma City. OK 73103 OREGON Portland Chapter Washington Park Zoo 4001 S.W. Canyon Road Portland, OR 97123 Mary Jo Anderson pro Night Keeper Behavioral Research Elayne Barclay pro President Nursery/Felines Cats/Raptors Jevra D. Brown as Cynthia A. Cheney pro Diane E. Gould af Keeper Volunteer Dan C. Heath pro Primates Stan Held pro Felines Herpetology Roger L. Henneous pro Elephants Janice Hixson af Animal Management John H. Houck pro Sr. Keeper/Alaska/Cascades Native Species Michael G. Illig pro Vice-President Senior Keeper African Animals Michael N. Keele af Treasurer Foreman Ann Littlewood af Nursery Research Mike Marshall pro Primates Marmosets Jan McCoy pro Secretary Children’s Zoo Research Jill Mellen af Research Coordinator Anna Michel pro Felines Pat Perry af Nursery Volunteer Raptor Rehabilitation Phil Prewett pro Elephants Lisa Rapaport af Research Charlie Rutkowski pro Janie Saxton pro CZ/Roving Keeper Bret Sellers pro Night Keeper Patrice Shaffer-Cooper pro Nursery David Thomas pro Senior Keeper/Primates Southwest Oregon Chapter Wildlife Safari RO. Box 600 Winston, OR 97496 Brad Ball pro Ranger/Trainer John A. Cooper af Director/Public Relations Marketing/Management John C. Gobershock af Maintenance Supervisor Tim Guthrie as Clinic Volunteer Animal Care Centers Toni Herrin pro Vice President Senior Lion Ranger Big Cats/Great Apes Bernice McClellan af Administrative Secretary Lori McLean af Treasurer Volunteer Betty R. Cft af Gardens Volunteer/Tours Russ Roach pro President Senior Ranger Mammals OR, PA Maxine S. Smith af Volunteer Patricia Ashley as 9745 D S.W. Lookout Terrace Diane M. Trautman pro Range/Ungulates Beaverton, OR 97005 Washington Park Zoo KAL 4001 S.W. Canyon Road Portland, OR 97221 Lucile Beck as Box 1202 Winston, OR 97496 Susan Conrad as Ted Daehnke pro 34265 S.W. TV Highway, #59 Teryl L. Doyle af Children’s Zoo Hillsboro, OR 97123 Marine Mammals Ann L. Gross pro A.H.T. Nancy King af Research Associate Infant Development 2413 N. Emerson Portland, OR 97217 Emergency Vet. Clinic Ex-Zookeeper Craig Lewis pro Senior Keeper/Felines Carnivores/Birds Barbara Hanson as 1162 Charnelton Street #2 Eugene, OR 97401 Marine Mammals Gordon Noyes pro Senior Keeper/Bears Joseph E. Jordan af Marine Mammals Wolves 3695 North Shasta Loop James Earl Sanford pro Roger Yerkes af Elephants Education Specialist Eugene, OR 97405 Connie Williams as 2278 Crestview Drive R Salem, OR 97302 West Coast Game Park, Inc. Route 1, Box 1330 Bandon, OR 97411 (503) 347-3106 PENNSYLVANIA Robert Tenney pro City of Pittsburgh Conservatory and Aviary Manager Aliegheny Commons Pittsburgh, PA 15212 (412) 322-7855 Wildlife Safari Ron Byrom pro Box 600 Winston, OR 97496 (503) 679-6761 Diane Hagey pro Aviary Keeper Allyce Alexander af Docent Birds Curtis G. Robbins pro Aviary Keeper Birds/Turtles Marilyn Burnell af Marketing/Education Photography Claws ‘n’ Paws Animal Park R.D. 1 Lynne Clendenin pro Animal Trainer Education Department Lake Ariel, PA 18436 (717) 698-6154 Reptiles/Exotic Birds Vince Hall af Director Matt Dahlquist af Rehabilitation/Clinic Volunteer Erie Zoologicai Society Carol L. Day af Clinic/Education Dept. Pre-Vet Student 653 Shunpike Road Erie, PA 16508 (814) 864-4092 Nancy Duncan pro Raptors/Native Species Lisa M. Kaschak af Hoofstock Rehabilitation Cynthia Kreider pro General Curator Ruth H. Erickson af Tour Guide Mammals Loretta L. Kemper pro Clinic Reptiles/Birds Philadelphia Zoological Garden Chapter 34th and Gerard Avenues Gary L. Koehler af Facility Philadelphia, PA 19104 Laurie Marker pro Curator/Cheetahsr Robert Berghaier pro Senior Keeper Cats/Primates Recording Secretary Pri mates/Conservation Ann Milam pro Clinic Supervisor Marguerite Cunning af Docent Neonatal Care Reptiles Lloyd S. Moore pro Animal Handler Roseann Giambro pro Primates Public Relations Board of Trustees Gorillas Large Cats Joe Krause pro Children’s Zoo Dr. Richard E. Richards af Research/Education Robert A. Murch pro Reptile House Carnivore Physiology Geckos Kelvin C. Trone af Docent Gene Pfeffer III pro African Plains Treasurer Rhinos/Giraffes Karrie Wiley pro Slave/Ranger Elephants Denise Robinson pro Reptile Department President Giant Reptiles Woodland Wildlife Park 27893 Redwood Highway Dawn Stewart pro Mammals Cave Junction, OR 97523 (503) 592-3802 Philadelphia Zoological Garden KAL Katherine L. Van Tuyl pro Oregon Non-Affiliated Listing Donna L. Amos as Keeper/Trainer Birds/Wolves 34th and Gerard Avenues Philadelphia, PA 19104 Gina Blyther pro Ethel W. Boyer af (215) 243-1100 Reptiles/Mammals Large Cats/Pandas/Prin Docent Wildlife Safari Clinic 552 Cedar Tree Drive Raise Serval Cats Sheryl L. Davis af Volunteer Roseburg, OR 97470 Animal Nutrition Page 29 PA, Rl W. V. Donaldson af President ZooAmerica Eileen Gallagher pro Veterinary Hershey, PA 17033 (717) 534-3864 Medicine/Rhinos Nancy R. Kotay pro Naturalist Mary K. Goldstein af Docent Gentle Woodlands Raptors Ann Hess pro Veterinary Assistant Susanne Jendrowski af Assistant Superintendent Children’s Zoo Susan Nolan af Naturalist’s Aide Large Mammals Nancy Anne Rieser af Cashier Primates Pennsylvania Non-Affiliated Listing Charles J. Ripka pro Elephant House Michele R. English as Endangered Species Montgomery Simmons pro Carnivore House 231 Penn Boulevard Big Cats East Lansdowne, PA 19050 Virginia Theis pro Reptile House Sally J. Lane af Wildlife Rehabilitation Barbara D. Toddes af Nutritionist 80 Brownstone Drive Publications/Conferences Research Assistant Hershey, PA 17033 Maggie Welker pro David Wood af Bird House Animal Services Elephants/Rhinos Michael S. Light as 829 South Harrison Street Palmyra, PA 17078 Joseph J. Lipko pro Chimp Trainer The Pittsburgh Chapter Box 5250 World Wide Attractions, Inc. Box 74 Education Olive Baboons Pittsburgh, PA 15206 Barnesville, PA 18214 Stephen Cady pro Bears Mary McCann as Veterinary Technician Carol Click pro ri mates Wooly Monkeys/Gorillas 522 South Franklin Wilkes Barre, PA 18702-3704 Exotic Animal Medicine Behavior Regina Grebb af Infant Development Acting General Curator Felines Elephant Handler Behavior Modification Canids/Elephants Pachyderms Jeffrey L. Munson as 393 Harold Street Pittsburgh, PA 15237 Dianna Wright af 1694 Treetop Drive Erie, PA 16509 RHODE ISLAND Animal Behavior Tom Hayes pro Diane L. Heinz as Henry L. Kacprzyk pro President William K. Parker pro Aviary Keeper Kathleen Robbibaro pro Cats/Rhinos Roger Williams Park Zoo Chapter White Rhinos/Raptors Providence, Rl 02905 Sarah Anne Ballou pro Wolves/Bears/Sea Lions The Pittsburgh Zoo Board Memb. at Large Marine Mammals/Carnivores Box 5250 Pittsburgh, PA 15206 (414) 441-6262 Frank Kempf pro Raymond E. Bamrick pro Relief Herpetology Liz MacLaughlin pro Judy Gerber Simpanen pro Hoofstock Betty Borg man af Docent Education Helen M. Zachilli pro Large Cats Jeanne Burek af Education Infant Care Roger Williams Park Zoo KAL Susan E. Henry af Docent Providence, Rl 02907 (401) 467-9013 Margie Marks pro Marine Mammal Darlene A. Christensen af Docent Debra J. McGuire pro Primates Education Department Orang utans Maria D’Ambra pro Tropical America Nancy Wevurski af Volunteer CZ/Education Programs Birds/Farm Infant Care Loretta A. Diluglio af Docent/Volunteer Karen P. Me Elroy pro Marine Mammals/Reptiles Timberlea internationai Wiidiife Park RD 1, Box 519 Millie O’Donovan af Docent York Haven, Pa 17370 (717) 938-4040 Public Education Barbara Rupert con Owner Deborah M. Porr pro Hoofstock Felidae Dietary Requirements Barry Rupert con Owner Marti Turnbull pro Children’s Nature Center Felidae Nursery/Mammals Veterinary Clinic Trexier-Leigh County Game Route 1 Preserve Game Preserve Road Rhode Island Non-Affiliated Listing ^ Schnecksviiie, PA 18078 (215) 799-4171 James M. Mueller as Herpetology Career Steven W. Bruch pro Animal Keeper/Supervisor Tawgoo Valley Road, #20 Large Hoofstock Slocum, Rl 02877 Page 30 SOUTH CAROLINA Charles Towne Landing Animal Forest 1900 Old Towne Road Charleston, SC 29407 (803) 556-8372 Frank C. Whiteside, Jr. af Assistant Curator S.C. Native Animals Greenville Zoo Cleveland Park Greenville, S.C. 29601 (803) 232-8079 Janie Baxter pro African Elephants Lemurs Victoria Roth pro Birds Morgan Island Rhesus Colony P. O. Box 557 Yemassee, SC 29945 Stephen J. Danko pro Primate Behavior Technician Birds/Sm. Mammals/Exhibits Chapter Riverbanks Zoological Park 500 Wildlife Parkway Columbia, SC 29210 Lex Glover pro Patricia Hook pro Secretary Rebecca Lowder af Head Keeper/Birds Keeper Accommodator Sr. Keeper/Large Mammals African Elephants Bairds Tapirs Veterinary Technician Animal Health Riverbanks Zoological Park KAL 500 Wildlife Parkway Columbia, SC 29210 (803) 779-8717 Deborah Freed af Mark D. Pyritz af Hospital Technician Mammal Curator South Carolina Non-Affiiiated Listing Kelly L. Lazarus as Box 5882, University Station Clemson University Clemson, SC 29632 Jami M. Steele as Student/Former Keeper #27 University Arms Birds/Elephnats Greenville, SC 29611 SOUTH DAKOTA Black Hills Reptile Gardens P.O. Box 620 Rapid City, SD 57709 (605) 342-5873 Joe Maierhauser pro Manager William Texel pro Curator Great Plains Zoo and Museum 10th & Kiwanis Souix Palis, SD 57105 Milford Elsing pro William H. Gallagher pro Big Cats/Hoofstock V. J. Skaff pro Primates TENNESSEE Knoxville Zoological Gardens Box 6040 Knoxville, TN 37914 SC, SD, TN, TX Memphis Zoological Garden & Aquarium KAL Overton Park Memphis, TN 38112 H. Drue Bauer pro Mary Jo Bunchman pro David G. Hill pro Mike Turri pro Municipal Black Bear Habitat 1001 Parkway Gatlinburg, TN 37738 Doug Carmichael pro Russell Freels pro Overton Park Chapter KAL Memphis Zoologicai Gardens and Aquarium Overton Park Memphis, TN 38112 Carolyn M. Horton pro Hoofstock Woodrow D. Jacobs pro Concept of play as a creative force in the evolution of social behavior. (901)726-4787 Hoofstock Small Hoofed Mammals Large Mammals Hoofstock Hospital Veterinary Technology Raptors Birds (615) 436-5423 Black Bears Black Bears Tennessee Non-Affiliated Listing Connie Cloak af Rock Rest Farm Route 1 Portland, TN 37148 V. Kay Duncan as 3812 Hillshire Drive Antioch, TN 37013 Gail Karr as 2107 Westchester Circle #2 Memphis, TN 38134 Darde Long pro Warner Park 1254 East 3rd Street Chattanooga, TN 37404 Jan Outlaw af 2792 Whitfield Road Clarksville, TN 37040 Curtis Skinner as 4311 Memorial Boulevard Kingsport, TN 37664 Ann Southcombe as 3607'/? Thrushwood Drive Chattanooga, TN 37415 Natural Habitat Exhibits Keeper Accommodator Small Cats Littlerock Zoo Seeking Zoo Job Seasonal Staff Miller Park Zoo Large Mammals Birds TEXAS Abilene Zoological Gardens con Box 60 Abilene, TX 79604 (915) 672-9771 John Card pro Patty Gough pro Michael J. Higgins pro Lead Zoo Keeper Kelly Husbands pro Mando Rios pro Mary Ann Smith pro Sharon Unterreiner pro Austin & Travis County Humane Society Austin, TX Randall G. Wolfe af Associate Director Birds/Mammals Elizabeth L. Baumann pro Assistant Supervisor Kennels Cats Page 31 TX Caldwell Children’s Zoo Box 428 Tyler, TX 75710 Roy John Davis pro Carol McCadden pro Jayne Silva pro Michael D. Tucker af (214) 593-0121 Elephant Trainer Nursery Small Mammals Cats Curator of Mammals (817) 267-0572 Director/Keeper Large Cat Rehabilitation Linda Gottschalk pro Ralph Houy pro Jeanne Jacobsen pro Douglas Mehaffey af Gladys Porter Zoo 500 Ringgold Street Brownsville, TX 78520 Roni Louise Rentfro pro Aquarium Keeper Marine Fish/Mammals Mammals Primates Rhinos/Giraffes Hoofstock/Prosimians Herpetarium Reptiles/Amphibians (512) 546-7187 Payroll Clerk/Rec. Sec. Clinic/Birds Cats Need Care Rehabilitation Center 114 Alexander Eweless, TX 76040 John W. Stokes pro Central Texas Zoo KAL Route 10, Box 173 E Waco, TX 76708 (817) 752-0363 Joseph Grubick pro Elephants Dallas Zookeepers Association (Chapter) 621 Clarendon Dallas, TX 75203 Celia K. Faizone pro Birds Linda Flath pro Lead Worker/CZ Teri L. Hermann pro Primates Great Apes David K. Luce pro Mammals Felids/Frimates Mike Banning pro Sandy Upchurch pro Large Mammals Elephants Dallas Zoo KAL 621 Clarendon Dallas, TX 75203 (214) 946-5155 Thomas Calhoun, Jr. pro Birds Parrots Jamie Crane pro Birds Pelicans L. Stevan Fagg pro Children’s Zoo Small Mammals/Herps Leon F. Golson pro Joel M. Hamilton pro Birds Deborah A. Knight pro Large Mammals Primates/Neonatal Care Kristi Richardson pro Birds Avian Medicine Ellen Trout Zoo con RO. Drawer 190 Lufkin, TX 75901 (713) 634-6313 Philip Matthews pro General Curator El Paso Zoological Park Evergreen and Paisano El Paso, TX 79905 Elizabeth L, Bryant af Karen Kaplan af (915) 543-6023 Explorer Scout Post #50 Education Curator Rehabilitation KAL Fort Worth Zoological Park and James R. Record Aquarium 2727 Zoological Park Drive Fort Worth, TX 76110 (817) 870-7050 Christopher D. Brown af Assistant Zoo Supervisor Bats/Birds The Houston Zoological Gardens Chapter Box 1562 Houston, TX 77001 Carl Gingerich pro Cathi Lehn pro Marilyn McBirney af Colleen K. McDonald pro Vice-President Carol E. Nickson pro President Tammery Olsen pro Phyllis Pietrucha-Russo pro Delores Schmidt pro Scott Shotola pro Maryellen Snyder pro Diane M. Steffen pro John M. Zapata pro Laborer/CZ Marine Mammals Primates Supervisor/Discovery Zoo CZs/Education Children’s Zoo Education Children’s Zoo Education Supervisor/Hoofstock Reptiles Amphibians/Walrus Hoofstock Felines/Neonates Children’s Zoo Senior Keeper Education/Conservation Children’s Zoo Diets/Mammals Asst. Supervisor/Primates Husbandry/Behavior Gardens The Houston Zoological Box 1562 Houston, TX 77001 Sherri Blumer pro Joel H. Connors pro Colleen Kelly pro Yvonne Lincoln af Liza Little af Alice Jane Parks pro Marilyn Prevost pro Bruce Roberts pro Bonnie A. Storm pro Bill Tabb pro Ricardo Tovar pro Karen Watts pro (713) 523-3211 Primates/Cats Ungulates Antelopes/Felines Discovery Zoo Behavior/Training Education Docent/Docent Keeper Education/Small Mammals Children’s Zoo Animal Behavior Animal Hospital Animal Behavior/Birds Prosimians/Marsupials Birds Primates Lemurs/Lorisoids/Guenons Nutrition/Cage Design Animal Hospital Supervisor Rehabilitation Laborer/CZ Hoofstock Cats/Bears Primates Behavior Page 32 TX, UT, VA San Antonio Zoological Gardens & Aquarium Chapter Carmen Hall as Baboons 3903 North St. Mary’s Street San Antonio, TX 78212 9404 Sandyland Dallas, TX 75217-8821 Lisa Fitzgerald pro Birds Robert Hudson as Conservation 715 Stone Lake Gary Frank pro Brooder Facility Cleburne, TX 76031 Treasurer Laura Jackson as Waterfowl Rose Gabriel pro Children’s Zoo #6 Saddlebrook President Handrearing Houston, TX 77024 Ed Kettel af Aquarium Supervisor Jeffery W. Jones as Fish/Invertebrates 11211 Spring Rain San Antonio, TX 78249 Jacqueline Lauver pro Assistant Supervisor Birds Pauline R. McCann as 3329 Prescott Avenue Debi Reed pro Birds Dallas, TX 75219 Corresp. Secretary Aviculture M. V. Pittman-Waller as 2609 Riverside Drive Earthwatch Field Rep. San Antonio Zoological Gardens and Aquarium KAL Houston, TX 77004 3903 North St. Mary’s Street Primalily Primates as Director San Antonio, TX 78212 (512) 734-7183 PC. Box 15306 Brock Exline pro Small Mammals San Antonio, TX 78212 Terry Fisher pro Large Mammals Felids Rosie Roegner pro 8721 South 1st Austin Nature Center Birds/Mammals Austin, TX 78748 Reptiles Jeff Jagels pro Birds Janiece Solomon as Birds Environmental Ethology 4006 Robin hood Peter L. Knehans pro Large Mammals Temple. TX 76502 Ungulates Cynthia G. Stewart as Thomas E. Poole pro Outdoor Birds 309 Park Hill Drive Herpetology San Antonio, TX 78212 Russell L. Smith af General Curator Douglas J. Woolley as 106 Harwood Dr. San Antonio, TX 78213 The Texas Zoo 110 Memorial Drive Victoria, TX 77901 (512) 573-7681 UTAH Tracee L. DeLeon pro Hogle Zoological Garden Sherry H. Miller pro Senior Keeper Mammals Box 8475 Salt Lake City, UT 84108 (801) 582-1632 Jana Sparkman pro Birds Darla M. Alf pro Sea Lion Trainer Pinniped Exhibit Susan VanderWilp pro Reptiles/Amphibians Marine Mammals Liz Arnold af Docent/Lab Tech University of Texas Reptiles Animal Resources (512) 471-7534 Jeff Christensen pro Senior Keeper/Mammals Austin, TX 78712 Exhibit Design/Behavior James W. Albert af Technician Richard A. Hendron af Education Coordinator Primates Tracy Aviary University of Texas Science Park 589 East 1300 South Veterinary Division Route 2, Box 151 B-1 Salt Lake City, UT 84105 Bastrop, TX 78602 Steve Chindgren pro Jodie Pacy af Research Associate Primates/Behavior Paul Peterson pro Birds Utah Non-Affiliated Listing Wildcat Paradise Jane Baloun af Route 6, Box 700 15 West 700 N. Amarillo, TX 79106 (806) 381-2000 Orem, UT 84057 Kathy Azzopardi pro Feline Breeding Compound Michael Q. Lowder as Improve Natural Diet 67 East 600 North Provo. UT 84601 Texas Non-Affiliated Listing Barbara L. Anderton af Conservancy Nature Center VIRGINIA 10123 Estate Lane Intern/Animal Rehab. Dallas. TX 75238 Environmental Education Apalachian Chapter Danny Brooks as Birds/Small Mammals Mill Mountain Zoo RO. Box 13484 Roanoke, VA 24034 256 Hedwig Road Houston, TX 77024 Australian Fauna (703) 343-3241 Jayne D. Dare as Ex-Keeper/Ungulates Lisa M. Bauer af Zoological Medicine 7613 Leafy Hollow Biology Student Rosemary Jalink pro Mammals San Antonio, TX 78233 Veterinary Medicine Treaserer/Vice President Page 33 VA, WA Beth Poff af Director President Keeper Training Laurie J. Thomas pro Education/Volunteer Coord. Secretary Natural History Bluebird Gap Farm City of Hampton Parks Department City Hall, 22 Lincoln Street Hampton, VA 23669 (804) 727-6347 Thomas H. Daniel af Director Busch Gardens 2000 Pocahontas Trail Williamsburg, VA 23185 Buz Nunnally pro Kings Dominion Box 166 Doswell, VA 23047 Claire L. Maier pro Rebecca. Smithson pro Carole W. Wagner pro (703) 220-2896 Area Manager Children’s Zoo (804) 876-3371 Elephant Trainer/Ranger Birds Elephant Handler Raising Babies Ranger Hospital/Food Preparation Hoofstock/Orphaned Young Virginia Zoological Park Chapter 3500 Granby Street Norfolk, VA 23504 Brenda Brisson pro Vice-President Julia M. Gregory pro Secretary Louise LaRoche pro Denise A. McKinney pro Lois L. Richards af Connie Sweet pro Merrilee Truett af Mammal House Elephants Primates/Sea Lions Elephants/Marine Mammals Asst. Supervisor Primates/Elephants Marine Mammals Large Mammals Part-Time Zookeeper Small Mammals Animal Services Supervisor Hoofstock/Marine Mammals Volunteer Elephants/Hoofstock Virginiaette Zoological Park con KAL 3500 Granby Street Norfolk, VA 23504 (804) 441-2706 Kimberly Barclift pro Hoofstock/Carnivores Marsupials Betty Jean Burcham pro Small Mammals Reptiles/Amphibians Chelonia Sheri Cooper af Barn/Mammal House Lions/Big Cats/Bears Daisy Dixon af Executive Director Friends of the Zoo Fund Raising Ada Jo Harper pro Hoofstock/Reptiles Steve Truman af Pachyderms Herps Terry Walsh pro Primates/Sea Lions Raptors Training Virginia Non-Affiliated Listing Emily Anderson as Vet. Tech. Student Route 1, Box 130 Small Mammals Waterford, VA 22190 Page 34 Susan H. Anderson as Stonegate Apartment 8 Blacksburg, VA 24060 Monika Dietze as 2306 Hunter Mill Road Vienna, VA 22180 Former Keeper Denver Zoo Student Kathryn Greisen as 854 Sedley Road Virginia Beach, VA 23462 Pamela J. Hammett as 3305-E Circle Brook Dr.SW Roanoke, VA 24060 Student/VPI & SU Shirley Johnson af 11118 Georgetown Pike Great Falls, VA 22160 Pet Farm Park Owner Theodore Kefalas pro 4008 Glenside Drive Richmond, VA 23228 Joseph M. Roman as 221 Woodhaven Road Newport News, VA 23602 Hoofstock Behavior WASHINGTON Mount Tahoma Chapter Point Defiance Zoo & Aquarium Tacoma, WA 98402 (206) 591-5337 Rick Gaida pro President Margaret Gaspari pro Secretary Kit Niemann pro Barbara E. Osborn pro Jan Sweeten pro Tundra Animal Care Technician World of Adaptations Farm Exotic Domestics World of Adaptations Raptors/Marine Mammals Animal Care Technician Aquarium Diving for Collection North West Trek Wildlife Park Route 2, Box 295-F Eatonville, WA 98328 (206) 832-6116 Dick Buchonis pro Senior Keeper Hoofstock Cheryl L. Langlois af Volunteer/Wetlands Husbandry/Behavior Point Defiance Zoo & Aquarium North 54th and North Pearl Tacoma, WA 98407 Cynthia A. Alia af Robert R. Gish pro Charles Henderson, Jr. pro Jake Jacoby af Mike Messersmith pro Sandy Schmuck af Marla A. Waddell pro (206) 591 5339 Farm Falconry Marine Mammals Nights Volunteer Habitats Night Keeper Herps Docent Volunteer World of Adaptations Mammals/Birds Puget Sound Chapter 5500 Phinney Avenue North Seattle, WA 98103 Elandra Aum pro Night Keeper Birds/Herps Staff Exchange Team Leader WA, WV ^ Scott Barton pro i |f Tanya G. Beverly pro B. Wayne Buchanan pro I Shirley Cotter af k' Violet English pro jH Harmony B. Frazier-Taylor pro ‘ Margaret S. Girtch af Laurence G. Gledhill pro Tom Goldsberry as Anne Gordon pro Terri Patrick-Hummel pro Al Johnson pro Zoological Society Liaison Rachel W. Lawson pro Ellen Leach pro Patrick D. Maluy pro Phil Pennock pro President Judy Sievert pro Debbera Stecher pro Judie Steenberg pro Nanette B. Taniguchi af Recording Sec. Bruce Upchurch pro Wendy Wienker pro Tom Wood pro Seattle Aquarium Pier 59 Waterfront Park Seattle, WA 98101 Judy A. Fritz af Walk in the Wild East 12600 Euclid Spokane, WA 99214 Dan Russell pro Waterfowl Birds Senior Keeper/Primates Ethology Volunteer Supervisor Animal Behavior Gorillas Gorilla Behavior Vet. Tech./Animal Health Infant Care Administrative Assistant Seattle Zool. Society Docent/Volunteer Keeper/SSP Coordinator Liontail Macaques Animal Advocates Owner/Trainer Public Education African Savanna Hoof stock Senior Keeper/Nights Gorillas Small Mammals Elephants Primates/Red Pandas Endangered Species Marine Mammals African Savanna G i raff es/Zeb ras/S pringboks Primates/Gorillas Senior Keeper/Birds R. C./Western Director Australasian/North Amer. Keeper Training Volunteer Nocturnal Mammals Assistant Keeper Elephants Senior Keeper African Savanna African Hoofstock Safety Senior Keeper Hoofstock/Elephants (206) 625-4358 BioAide Marine Mammals (509) 325-4616 Hoofstock Woodland Park Zoological Gardens KAL 5500 Phinney Avenue North Seattle, WA 98103 (206) 625-2244 Martha E. Anderson af Docent Mammals Breeding Behavior Sue Averill af Ape House Virginia Bound af Attendant/Birds Primates Karen M. Dvornich af Wendy Engler pro Joyce A. Ford af Carl A. Granquist pro Avonelle Hamilton af Cynthia L. Horning af Melinda Johns af Mary D. Keiter af Mary E. Kirker af Henry D. Klein af Byron S. Maas pro Erin M. McMahan af Mark D. Mitchell af Lilli Ohse af Constance Perenyi af V. Jean Ragland-McMahan af Mike Teller af Elizabeth Worden af Patrick H. Wright af Kiki Vast af Docent Felids Native Northwest Domestic Stock Minor Domestic Breeds People-Animal Relationships Computers Assistant Keeper Aviary Temp. & Volunteer Birds/Hoofstock Savannah Aviculture Nocturnal Research Associate Great Apes/Reproduction Maternal Behavior Docent Primates P R. Coordinator Education Veterinary Technician Animal Health Preventitive Medicine Keeper Aide/Felines Mammals Volunteer/Keeper Aide Tropical House Psitticines/ Reptiles Keeper Aide/Volunteer Primates Keeper Aide Felids Animal Health Vet Tech/Raptors Elephants Keeper Aide/Tropical Reptiles Attendant Keeper Keeper Aide Primates Volunteer/Family Farm Animal Behavior Washington Non-Affiliated Listing Janet Faye Baer as Route 2, Box 820 A Pullman WA 99163 Research Veterinary Medicine Diane L. Birchman af 2412 N.E. 9th Place Renton, WA 98056 Jerry L. Dalien as 630 174S Spokane, WA 98387 Elizabeth Ghant as 3547 Notheast 182nd Seattle, WA 98155 Gina Ushler pro 10041 Slater Avenue N. E. Kirkland, WA 98033 Zoo Education Retired Great Apes Felines Trainer Animal Advocates Mary S. Willis af 2851 N. W. 71st Street Seattle, WA 98117-6250 WEST VIRGINIA West Virginia Non-Affiliated Listing Debbie Barreda as Animal Keeper PC. Box 704 Pet Farm Park Harpers Ferry, WV 25425 Exotic Animals Page 35 Wl, WY WISCONSIN Bay Beach Wildlife Sanctuary Sanctuary Road Green Bay, Wl 54302 (414) 497-6084 Ty Baumann af Manager Jo-Don Farms, Inc. 5907 Nicholson Road Franksville, Wl 53126 Timothy M. Stout pro Zoo Attendant/Elephants Education Ochsner Park Zoo Baraboo Parks & Recreation Department 124 Second Street, Room 28 Baraboo, Wl 53913 Tom Stephany pro Director Milwaukee Chapter Milwaukee County Zoological Park 10001 West Bluemound Road Milwaukee, Wl 53226 Jackie Ackley pro Area Supervisor Camels Nila Ackley as Carol J. Boyd af Corresponding Secretary Public Info. Coordinator Marine Biology Primates Hugh Evans af Asst. General Curator Ken Kawata af General Curator Mammals Ralph Konrath pro Area Supervisor/Felines Sam LaMalfa pro Primates Apes Pete Momson pro Small Mammals Lemurs Ellen Saksefski pro Nina Schaefer pro Small Mammals Bats David Sorensen pro Rover Herpetology Walter Stein af Tim Tews pro Vice-President Pachyderms Elephants Valerie A. Werner pro Felines Pachyderms Mary Jo Willis pro Hospital Keeper Zoo Medicine/Infant Rearing Steven Wing pro President Small Mammals Birds/Taxonomy Milwaukee County Zoological Park KAL 10001 Bluemound Road Milwaukee, Wl 53226 (414) 771-3040 Donald R. Bacher af Nancy Dirnbauer af Kay M. Elsen af Roger Martens pro Cyd Mayer pro Ronald Musil pro Volunteer Working with Youth Volunteer Felines Research Pachyderms Elephants/Rhinos Veterinary Technician Medicine Edell Marie Peters af Edwin Schroeder pro Karin S. Newman af William Zajichek af Volunteer Felines Pachyderms Elephants Zoo Pride Volunteer Volunteer RA.W.S. Protective Association for World Species, Inc. RO. Box 121 New Berlin, Wl 53151 (414) 679-3742 Brandy Powers pro Racine Zoological Gardens 2131 North Main Street Racine, Wl 53402 Floyd E. Fonk af Laborer/Keeper John P Willett pro Henry Vilas Park Zoo 702 South Randall Avenue Madison, Wl 53715 Frederick Bilkey pro H. Malzacher pro Toni Schriver af President/Animal Handler Predators (414) 636-9189 Large Mammals (608) 266-4733 CZ Manager Zoo Attendant Elephants/Primates Children’s Zoo Wisconsin Non-Affiliated Listing Kathy Anderson pro Between Jobs Route 1, Box 254 Amherst Junction, Wl 54407 Arthur E. Harder as 3418 North 56th Street Milwaukee. Wl 53216 Joan Hoffman as Endangered Species 1910 Birge Terrace, A Madison, Wl 53705 Bob Howard as .12816 North Colony Drive Mequon, Wl 53092 Lawrence Jacobsen as Primate Library Wisconsin Regional Primate Librarian Research Center University of Wisconsin 123 Capitol Court Madison. Wl 52706 Randy Korb as 1121 Emilie Green Bay, Wl 54301 John Lehner as PO. Box 5154 Racine, Wl 53405 David Neu pro 1428 Shannon Green Bay, Wl 54304 Mark S. Schoebel pro 2700 County N North Neshkoro, Wl 54960 Stone Mountain Zoo R-Zoo Keeper/Curator N. Amer. Mammals WYOMING Wyoming Non-Affiliated Listing Donna Kauffman as 1815 Dunn Avenue Cheyenne. WY 82001 Page 36 N. Amer. Group Supervisor Raptors/Neonates Pachyderms Sharon B. Wilson as 1408 Garfield Street Laramie, WY 82070 Mammal Behavior CANADA ALBERTA, CANADA Wayne Hibbs as Tynehead Calgary Zoo KAL RO. Box 1248, Station A Surrey, British Columbia Zoological Society of B.( Keeper Accommodator RO. Box 3036, Station B Calgary, Alberta Canada T2G 3H4 (403) 265-9310 Canada V3S 4Y5 John A. Creviston pro Nocturnal Australia MANITOBA, CANADA Leslie-Ann Drummond pro Apprentice Assinibolne Park Zoo Chapter Rri mates 2235 Corydon Avenue Mona Keith pro Apprentice Winnipeg, Manitoba Canada R3P 0R5 Dwight R Knapik pro Apprentice Zookeeper Mammals Bob Debets pro Primates President Pam McDougall pro Large Mammals Elephants/Red Randas Keeper Accommodator David Curtis pro Large Cats Mark DeDenus pro Tropical House Marcia A. Rasmussen pro Children’s Zoo Elephants/Rrimates/Aquaria Secretary Lion-Tailed Macaques Peter Elliott pro Bears Valley Zoo con Joseph Gatien pro Tropic House 134st & Beuana Vista Drive Native Animals Edmonton, Alberta Canada T5J 2R7 (403) 483-5511 Barb Haffner pro Hospital Native Animals Delia Gruninger pro Infant Care/Diets Sea Lion Training Andy Humphreys as Nutrition Kirk H. Martens pro Young Orphans/Raptors Waterfowl Tim Kelly pro Cats D. Philip King pro Zoo Keeper 111 Wayne Sager pro Elephants Handler Rrimates/Reptiles Rrog ramming Birds/Small Mammals Zoo Records & History Zoo Foreman Nancy E. King pro Pheasantry Dean Treichel pro Birds/Lemurs/Nursery Zoo Medicine Robert Kostyra pro Native Animals Alberta Non-Afflllated Listing Graeme H. MacKendrick pro Foreman 111 Reptiles/Primates Cheryl Arelis as 110 Iroquois Crescent Harold D. Masters pro Cats Lethbridge, Alberta Canada T1K 5J4 Native Animals Laura Me Murray pro Hoofstock Nadine Cardon as 7104 83 Street Large Cats Chris Neuendorff pro Tropical Birds Edmonton, Alberta Canada T6C 2Y3 Geoff Oliver pro Primates/Reptiles Conference Treasurer Stacy Sequin pro Temporary Zoo Keeper BRITISH COLUMBIA. CANADA Erwin K. Smolinski pro Foreman 111 Vancouver Public Aquarium RO. Box 3232 Vancouver, British Columbia Elaine Sutton pro Commissary Canada V6B 3X8 (604) 685-3364 Janice Toothill pro Treasurer Dave Caughlan pro Amazon Gallery Herpetology John Toothill pro Tropical House Vice President Primates Hans de Jager pro Marine Mammal Trainer Killer Whales Lyle Trochim pro Primates Stephen Raverty pro Tropical Fresh/Salt Water Fish/Invertebrates Diseases of Captive Animals Assinibolne Park Zoo KAL 2235 Corydon Avenue Robin Whittall pro Amazon Birds & Mammals Winnipeg, Manitoba (204) 888-3634 Breeding Birds Canada R3P 0R5 John Olfert pro Rotational British Columbia Non-Afflllated Listing Birds Ron Bradshaw as 14682-110 A Avenue Surrey, British Columbia Foxes Sheila-Mary Wolfe af Endangered Species Canada V3R 2B7 Manitoba Non-Afflllated Listing R Marlene Caskey as Wanda Vockeroth as Veterinarian R.R. 3, Cavin Road Box 817, Portage Duncan, British Columbia La Prairie, Manitoba Canada VOL 2X1 Canada R1N 3C3 Page 37 CANADA NEW BRUNSWICK, CANADA Cherry Brook Zoo R.R. 1 Saint John, New Brunswick Canada E2L 3W2 (506) 693-1440 Leonard M. Collrin pro Curator Lee Thomar af Summer Employee Zoology Student NEWFOUNDLAND, CANADA Salmonier Nature Park RO. Box 190 Holyrood, Newfoundland Canada AOA 2R0 Director af NOVA SCOTIA, CANADA Nova Scotia Non-Affiliated Listing Danny McGrath pro 43 Shamrock Acres Antigonish, Nova Scotia Canada B2G 1 C9 Owner Bird & Animal Farm ONTARIO, CANADA African Lion Safari & Game Farm, Ltd. Chapter R.R. #1, Cambridge, Ontario Canada R. W. Cameron pro Head Game Warden African Lion Safari & Game Farm, Ltd. R.R. #1, Cambridge, Ontario Canada Maria Franke pro Large Carnivores Hoofstock/Primates Brenda G. Irvine pro Waterfowl/Ungulates Bowmanville Zoo St. King Street Bowmanville, Ontario Canada (416) 623-5655 Ted Strickwerda pro Head Keeper Pa rrots/Pri mates/Capy baras Metro Toronto Zoo Chapter Box 280 West Hill, Ontario Canada M1E4R5 John D. Armstrong pro Africa/South Waterfowl/Cranes Oliver Claffey pro Vice President Senior Keeper/Australasia Herptiles/Marsupials Marilyn Cole pro President Africa Pavillion Great Apes Linda Ervine pro Gorillas/Small Mammals Margaret J. Fenwick af Volunteer Tours/Animal Observation Christine Genovese af Volunteer Guide Public Education Harry Hofauer pro 2nd Vice President Canadian Domain Cats/Photography Margaret F. Kayser af Volunteer Guide Terry Male pro African Paddocks Page 38 Fran Mason pro Keeper Demonstrator Neville Pike pro African Pavilion Felines/Zoo Politics Stephen Rabbetts pro Steven Unwin pro Senior Keeper Hoofstock Patsy Vandenbussche pro Secretary Visitor Services Metro Toronto Zoo KAL con Box 280 West Hill, Ontario Canada M1E4R5 (416) 284-8181 A. R. Armstrong pro Birds/Small Mammals Andrea Beatson af Volunteer Birds Jeffrey Cole af Admissions S.G. Cooper af Volunteer Guide Education Terrie Davidson af Volunteer Deirdre Gilker af Volunteer Robin Gutsell af Seasonal/Canadian Domain Vet Student Birds/Parrots Sharron L. Hembroff pro Indo Malaya Helen Huggett af Volunteer Wendy J. Hunter af Volunteer Guide Richard Johnstone pro Canadian Domain Wildlife Conservation Gino Lombardi af Volunteer Animals/Horticulture V. Menzies af Volunteer Guide Primates/Birds Karen D. Mottram pro Australasia Pavilion Animal Health Adele Pomerantz af Volunteer Karen Salmon af Volunteer Animal Training Peter C. Stroud pro Exchange from Adelaide Carnivores/Graphics Endangered Species Education Lynn Wylie af Volunteer Guide Our Vanishing Kingdom Limited con R.R. 1 Cambridge, Ontario Canada N1 R 5S2 (519) 623-9564 Scott Lefler pro Manager Felines John Rehmann pro President/General Manager Felines/Raptors Violet Rehmann pro Manager Breeding/Management of Rare Exotics Reptile Breeding Foundation P.O. Box 1450 Picton, Ontario Canada KOK 2T0 (613) 476-3351 Thomas A. Huff af ^ Director Herpetoculture Robert M. Kellough pro Herpetoculturist Photography CANADA, MEXICO, FOREIGN Riverview Park and Zoo Box 449 AUSTRALIA Peterborough, Ontario Adelaide Zoo Canada K9J 6Z5 (705) 745-4615 Frome Road Adelaide, South Australia Wally Davidson pro Curator Australia 5000 Primates David Langdon af Curator Ontario Non-Affiliated Listing Peter C. Stroud pro Exchange to Metro Toronto Through July 1986 Carnivores Christopher Evans as Cats/Mammals Graphics/Education RO. Box 156 Rexdale, Ontario Canada M9W 5L2 Fleay’s Fauna Reserve Endangered Species Patricia Caviller as Queensland Prince of Wales 45 Keats Circle Kabool Road Guelph, Ontario West Burleigh, Queensland Canada NIG 3B1 Australia 4220 Charlie Gray pro Marian Bangay pro Overseer RO. Box 224 Cambridge, Ontario Canada N1R 5T9 Gorge Wildlife Park Australian Natives Marck Hagan, B.Sc. pro Student Researcher Redden Drive RO. Box 28 Nutrition/Feeding Cudlee Creek, South Australia 389-2206 Rockwood, Ontario Parrot Reproduction Australia 5232 Canada NOB 2K0 Colin John McKechnie pro Maryanne Hawes as 98 Concord Avenue, #5 Royal Melbourne Zoological Garden Toronto, Ontario Canada M6H 2P3 RO. Box 74 Parkville, Victoria Australia 3057 J. Rollason af Superintendent of Parks 950 Memorial Drive Thunder Bay, Ontario Canada P7B 4A2 Bev Drake pro Taronga Zoo Erika Seres as 15 Orton Park Road, #408 Scarborough, Ontario Canada MIG 3G3 Primates RO. Box 20 Mosman, New South Wales Australia 2088 969-2777 Geoffrey Ernest Kidd pro Relief Keeper Michael Seres as Primates/Reptiles Proper Animal Handling 15 Orton Park Road, #408 Scarborough, Ontario Canada MIG 3G3 Amphibians Francis E. McFayden pro Section Head Carnivores/Pri mates CENTRAL AMERICA QUEBEC The Belize Zoo Granby Zoo Belize City, Belize Box 514 Granby, Quebec Anthony Garel af Curator of Reptiles Canada J2G 8E9 (514) 372-9113 Egbert Popper af Field Work Felines Laurent Guilbault pro Reptile Mammals Pierre Poirier pro SASKATCHEWAN Moose Jaw Wiid Animai Park Mammals BERMUDA Bermuda Aquarium & Zoo RO. Box 145 Flatts, Bermuda Karen Brashier pro (809) 293-2727 Head Keeper 110 Ominica Street W. Catherine Outerbridge af Summer Keeper Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan Canada S6H 6V2 (306) 693-7088 Large Cats/Small Mammals Richard Pickering pro Birds DENMARK MEXiCQ Copenhagen Zoo Sdr. Fasanvej 79 Copenhagen, DK 2000 Chapuitepec Zoo Boscque De Chapuitepec Bent Jorgensen af Director Deleg Miguel Hidalgo Mexico City, Mexico (011525) 553-6239 Michael ole Jorgensen pro Reptiles Teacher/Keeper Training Handling/Breeding Susana Estrada Polomo pro Sea Lion Trainer Conservation Marine Mammals Endangered Species FOREIGN ENGLAND Dudley Zoo The Broadway Dudley, West Midlands England Douglas Richardson pro Overseer Carnivores Jersey Zoological Park Jersey Islands Channel Islands, England Gerald Durrell Lf Whlpsnade Park Zoo Dunstable Bedfordshire LU6 2U England Anne Catchpole pro Zoological Society of London Regents Park London NE 1 England 01 722 3333 Eve Watts pro Primates England Non-Afflllated Listing Jackie Frank pro Brymere, Norton Road Chart Sutton, Maidstone Kent ME17 3RT England Dennis R. H. Levy af Zoos of the World 25 Cedar Ave., Christchurch Dorset BH23 2PS England Frank Meakins Lf 7 St. Mary’s Close Tebworth Near Leighton-Buzzard Bucks LV? 90F England Philip Wooton pro 87, Masefield Road Warminster Wiltshire BA12 SHU England Takarazuka Zoo 1-1-57 Sakae-cho, Takarazuka City Hyogoken, 665, Japan Kaoru Araki pro Ueno Zoo Ueno Park Talto-Ku Tokyo, 110, Japan Kazuo Kobayashi pro Yoriko Mochimaru as Librarian Ryuji Nakazato pro Giant Pandas/Raptors Japanese Singing Birds Marsupials World Safari Co., Ltd. Shirahama-Cho Nishimuro, Wakayama Japan Teruaka Hayashi af Staff Veterinarian Cheetahs Zoo-del 1-2-15 Nagate, Nada-Ku Kobe, Japan Yoshi Yonetoni af Art Creator Zoo Design/Education NETHERLANDS Ouwehand Zoo Grebbewegiog 3g11 AV Rhenen, The Netherlands G. H. Meyer pro Head Bird Keeper Aquatic Mammals PHILIPPINES Philippines Non-Affiliated List Frederick N. Leoncio pro Care/Management 644 Corcuera Street Exotic Animals Tondo, Manila, Philipines Lions of Longleat Safari Pk. Hoof stock/Pri mates HOLLAND Wassenaar Wiidlife Breeding Center Raaphorstlaan 28 2245 BJ Wassenaar Holland (01751-78028) J. W. W. Louwman af JAPAN Adventure World Shirahoma-cho Nishimuro, Wakayama Japan Teruaki Hayashi af Safari Section Supervisor Cheetahs Himeji Central Park Himeji Safari Company 1433 Kamitani, Toyotomi-cho Himeji City, Hyogo-Pref. 679-21, Japan 0792 64-2341 Masanori Mishi pro Hippos/Herbivores African Buffalo Marine Mammals PUERTO RICO Jardin Zoologico de Puerto Rico Box 1085 Mayaguez, Puerto Rico 00708 (809) 833-8110 Hendriekje C. Hubers pro Zoologist Behavior/Nutrition Raising Young REPUBLIC OF CHINA Taipei Zoo 66 Chung-Shan N. Rd. Sec. 3 Taipei, Taiwan Republic of China Viki Lyn Bridge pro Formosan Species Behavioral Enrichment NEW ZEALAND Auckland Zoological Park Old Mill Road Auckland, New Zealand Education Officer af Page 40 FOREIGN NORTH WALES THAILAND Welsh Mountain Zoo Colwyn Bay, Clwyd North Wales, United Kingdom Dusit Zoo 71 Rama V Road Bankok, Thailand Peter Dickinson pro Head Keeper Zoo as a Science Chira Mechvichai af Director REPUBLIC OF SINGAPORE WEST GERMANY Singapore Zoological Gardens 80 Mandai Lake Road Republic of Singapore 2572 Subash Chandran af 2693411-5 Assistant Curator Bibliothek der Tierarztiichen Hochschule con Bischafsholer Damm 15 D-3000 Hannover 1 West Germany Page 41 Quality exotic animal diets Fixed formulation IMutritionaliy balanced Economical s r Frozen feline diets Frozen bird of prey diets Frozen canine diet Chunk and chopped horsemeat, hearts, livers, rib, shank, and knuckle bones Zu/fYeem' Feline canned Primate canned Marmoset canned Omnivore dry Primate dry SPECTRUM Banana flavored primate, 15% protein Banana flavored primate Pro-Plus, 25% protein Omnivore dry Polar Bear dry Ratite dry Hoofstock supplement, with Selenium When you need a complete line of high-quality dry, canned, and frozen animal diets foryour feeding program, call Animal Spectrum today. E-^^LWOtelll ^ In Nebraska, call collect 402/488-6492. Animal SPECTRUM Inc. Box 6307 Lincoln, NE 68506-0307 Page 42 ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION of the AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF ZOO KEEPERS, INC. STATEMENT OF PURPOSE of the American Association of Zoo Keepers, Inc. This Association is organized not for profit, and the objects and purposes shall be: Section 1 To promote and establish good relationships among professional zoo keepers; to promote and establish a means to stimulate incentive and create greater interest in the zoo keeping profes- sion: and to promote a brotherhood with members of the profession through projects that will streng- then the zoo keeper’s job knowledge. Section 2 To support and publicize our concern for all valid and deserving projects of conservation and to do our part in educating the general public to the need for worthwhile projects of preserving our natural resources and animal life. Section 3 To establish materials benificial to zoo keeper education. Section 4 To accept and receive property, both real and per- sonal, by gift, grant or bequest; and to manage, hold, contract and dispose of same in accordance with the purposes of the Association. Section 5 Upon dissolution of the Association, the total assets shall be transferred to the treasury of the International Union forthe Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (lUCN), to be used in any manner consistent with the purposes of said Union. Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 BY-LAWS of the American Association of Zoo Keepers, Inc. (As Ammended December 1982) ARTICLE I Offices Principal Office. The principal office for the trans- action of the business of the Association is hereby located at 635 Gage Boulevard, Topeka, Kansas. Registered Office. The Association, by resolution of its Board of Directors, may change the location of its registered office as designated by the Arti- cles of Incorporation to any other place in Kansas. By like resolution the resident agent at such regis- tered office may be changed to any other person or corporation, including itself. Upon adoption of such a resolution, a certificate certifying the change shall be executed, acknowledged and filed with the Secretary of State and a certified copy thereof shall be recorded in the office of the Register of Deeds for the county in which the new registered office locates (and in the old county, if such registered office is moved from one county to another). Other Offices. Branch or subordinates offices may at any time be established by the Board of Directors at any place or places where the Associ- ation is qualified to do business. ARTICLE II Membership Section 1 Membership in the Association shall be open to any zoo keeper, attendant or aquarist employed by a recognized zoo or aquarium; associations or groups thereof; and to individuals and associa- tions interested in the objectives and purposes of the Association. Section 2 Members shall pay or donate annually such dues or assessments as shall be established by resolu- tion adopted by the Board of Directors. Any reso- lutions so passed shall also classify members into groups for determining the amount of dues or assessments required. Section 3 Chapters of the Association may be established and must be chartered by the Association in ac- cordance with the procedures established by the Board of Directors. They shall be subject to the Constitution and will share all the rights and privi- Section 4 Section 5 Section 6a Section 6b Section 6c Section 7a Section 7b Section 7c Section 7d Section 8 leges thereto. The property of the members shall be exempt from execution for the debts of the Association, and no member shall be liable nor responsible for any debts or liabilities of the Association. Membership shall be evidenced by a certificate of membership in such form as shall be approved by the Board of Directors. No member shall have any rights in the property of the Association. Professional: Permanent full-time zoo or aqua- rium keepers, lab technicians, and any other per- sonnel directly connected with the care and feed- ing of captive wildlife in recognized zoological parks, aquariums, animal reserves, or any other animal care facility. This also includes retired animal keepers with at least ten (10) years service prior to retirement, and who were professional members of the Association during the year pre- vious to his or her retirement. Professional mem- bers of the United States and Canada only shall be entitled to vote and hold an elective office. Affiliate: Professional and non-professional zoo- logical or aquarium society members, conserva- tion organization members, zoo and aquarium personnel other than full-time keepers or animai attendants; includes seasonal or part-time animal keepers and managerial or senior staff non- keeper zoological park or aquarium personnel; zoo docents and students also. Affiliate members shall not be entitled to vote or hold elective office but, however, may hold appointed office. Associate: Any interested individual who is not connected directly or indirectly with a recognized zoological park, aquarium, animal reserve or any other animal care facility. Associate members shall not be entitled to vote or hold elective or appointed office. Any member who defaults in payment of dues or assessments shall be stricken from the rolls and his membership terminated. Any member may terminate his membership in the Association by a resignation in writing sent by first class mail to the Secretary of the Association, but no monies shall be refunded for dues previous- ly paid. A chapter may terminate its membership at any time by a unanimous vote of the members of such chapter at any regular meeting or special meeting called by the chapter for that purpose; and a letter of resignation accompanied by a copy of the min- utes of said meeting sent by first class mail to the Secretary of the Association. Such chapter shall not be entitled to any monies due or refunds from dues previously paid. Termination or Suspension. If any member of the Association shall commit any act prejudicial to the conduct of the affairs of the Association or the purposes for which it was formed, such person shall be notified in writing to appear personally before the Board of Directors at a designated time not less than thirty (30) days after such notifica- tion and at such time, be given a hearing. By a two-thirds vote of all of the Board of Directors present at the meeting, the membership of such person in the Association may be terminated or suspended. If either suspension or termination is decided upon, the terms and conditions of same shall be specified in writing and delivered to the suspended or terminated member. Written notices hereunder shall be delivered by registered mail to the member’s last known address. There shall be kept and maintained in the princi- pal office of the Association proper registers and ledgers which shall contain the names, addresses and classifications of members, the date each membership became effective and, if terminated, the date of termination, and such other data and records pertaining to each membership as the Board of Directors shall determine. Page 43 Section 9 National honorary members are those individuals that have, by actions and deeds, significantly con- tributed to the zoo keeping profession. National honorary members shall be nominated by resolu- tion of the Board of Directors and confirmed by the majority of the quorum ofvoting membersata national convention. Section 10 Transfer of Membership. Memberships in the Association shall be nontransferrable. There shall be no transfer or alienation by inter vivos or testa- mentary device or otherwise. Section 11 Fines and Penalties. Fines or penalties are not permitted. The penalty for misconduct is suspen- sion or termination, as provided above. Section 12 Place of Meetings. All annual meetings of mem- bers and all other meetings of members shall be held at the principal office of the corporation unless another place within or without the State of Kansas is designated either by the Board of Direc- tors pursuant to authority hereinafter granted to said Board, or by the written consent of all members entitled to vote thereat, given either before or after the meeting and filed with the Secretary of the Association. Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Section 4 Section 5 Section 6 Section 7 ARTICLE III Elections The term of office of the Directors shall be four (4) years. Elections shall be held biennially with three (3) Directors being selected at one election and two (2) being selected on alternate elections. Each elected member of the Board of Directors shall serve from the first day of January following his election. Elections shall be held in the first calendar year following ratification of these By- Laws and every second year thereafter. The President shall appoint a Nominations and Elections Committee of at least three (3) members. This Committee shall select nominees, based on the Qualifications for Nominations and Proce- dures, including timetable, determined by the Board of Directors, to run forelection to the Board of Directors. The Committee shall select from the nominations all qualified nominees. The Committee Chairperson shall cause to be distributed to each voting member a biographical sketch of each nominee, an official ballot and a balloting envelope pre-addressed to the Adminis- trative Secretary. The voting members shall mark the offical ballot, thereafterfolding and eithertap- ing or stapling it to preserve its anonymity, and enclose it in the balloting envelope. The balloting envelope may include a return name and address. Upon receiving the balloting envelopes, the Ad- ministrative Secretary shall note their number, thereafter forwarding them to the Committee Chairperson for counting of the ballots in the presence of a notary public. The Chairperson of the Nominations and Elec- tions Committee shall then notify the candidates receiving the largest number of votes, shall notify the President, and shall cause to be published in the national bulletin a list of elected candidates and a statement certifying the results of the elec- tion. Upon the request of any individual member the Chairperson of the Committee shall forward to him a completed breakdown of the voting, includ- ing the total number of votes cast for each candidate. Election of the executive officers shall be bien- nially by and from the Board of Directors. Any officer elected by or appointed by the Board of Directors may be removed by the Board when- ever in its judgement the best interests of the Association would be served, provided such remo- val be effected by a vote of the majority of the Board of Directors. Except as otherwise provided for in these By- Laws, any vacancy in any office may be filled by the Board of Directors for the unexpired term of such office. ARTICLE IV Meetings Section 1 Meetings of Voting Members and Other Member- ship Matters. Section la Regular meetings shall be held annually effective 1981 at such time and place as fixed by resolution of the Board of Directors and designated in the notice of the meeting. Section 1b Special meetings of the members may be called by the President, the Board of Directors, or upon a written request signed by at least ten percent (10%) of the total voting membership; and it shall, thereupon, be the duty of the President to cause notice of such meeting to be given. Section 1c Written or printed notice of meetings stating the place, day and hour of the meeting and, in the case of a special meeting, the purpose of which the meeting is called, shall be delivered to each member not less than thirty (30) nor more than ninety (90) days before the meeting via the national bulletin or by special mailing. The failure of any member to receive notice of a regular or special meeting shall not invalidate any actions which may be taken by the members at any such meeting. Section Id Any meeting of the members, whether or not a quorum is present, may be adjourned by a major- ity of the members present; but in the absence of a quorum, no other business may be transacted at such meetings. Section 1e The presence of at least five percent (5%) of the voting members of the Association shall consti- tute a quorum necessary for the business at all meetings of members. After a quorum has once been called at any meeting, the withdrawal of members thereafter shall not defeat the quorum. Section If Each voting member, as defined in the By-Laws, shall be entitled to one (1) single vote on each matter submitted to a vote at a meeting of the members. Section 1 g Any action which under provision of any law relat- ing to non-profit associations may be taken at a meeting of the members may also be taken with- out a meeting if authorized by a writing signed by all of all the persons entitled to a vote upon such action at a meeting and filled and filed with the Secretary of the Association. Section 1h Meetings of the Board of Directors shall be attended by a majority of the Board plus one in order to conduct business. Section 2 Consent of Absentees. The transaction of any meeting of members, either annual or special, however called and noticed, shall be as valid as though had at a meeting duly held after regular call and notice, if a quorum be present either in person or by proxy, signs a written waiver of notice, or a consent to the holding of such meet- ing, or an approval of the minutes thereof. All such waivers, consents or approvals shall be filed with the corporate records or made a part of the min- utes of the meeting. Section 3 Proxies. Every person entitled to vote or executive consents shall have the right to do so either in person or by one or more agents authorized by a written proxy executed by such person or his duly authorized agent and filed with the Secretary of the Association; provided that no such proxy shall be valid after the expiration of three (3) years from the date of its execution, unless the person execut- ing it specified therein the length of time for which such proxy is to continue in force. Section 4 Inspection of Corporate Records. The member- ship ledger, the books of account, and minutes of proceedings of the members, the Board of Direc- tors and of exective committees of directors shall be open to inspection upon the written demand of any member within five (5) days of such demand during ordinary business hours if for a purpose reasonably related to his interests as a member. A list of members entitled to vote shall be exhibited at any reasonable time and at meetings of the members when required by the demand of any member at least twenty (20) days prior to the meeting. Such inspection may be made in person or by an agent or attorney authorized in writing by a member, and shall include the right to make abstracts. Demand of inspection other than at a members’ meeting shall be made in writing upon the President, Secretary, Assistant Secretary or General Manager of the Association. Page 44 Sections Inspection of By-Laws. The Association shall keep in its principal office for the transaction of business the original or a copy of these bylaws as amended or otherwise altered to date, certified by the Secretary, which shall be open to inspection by the members at all reasonable times during ordinary business hours. ARTICLE V Directors Section 1 Powers. Subject to limitations of the Articles of Incorporation, of the By-Laws, and of the Kansas Corporation Code as to action which shall be authorized or approved by the members, and sub- ject to the duties of Directors as prescribed by the By-Laws: all corporate powers shall be exercised by or under the authority of, and the conduct and affairs of the Association shall be controlled by, the Board of Directors. Without prejudice to such general powers, but subject to the same limita- tions, it is hereby expressly declared that the Directors shall have the following powers, to wit: First, to select and remove all the other officers, agents and employees of the Association, pre- scribe such powers and duties for them as may not be inconsistent with law, or with the Articles of Incorporation or the By-Laws, fix their compensa- tion, and require from them security for faithful service. Second, to conduct, manage, and control the affairs and conduct of the Association, and to make such rules and regulations therefor not inconsistent with the law, or with the Articles of Incorporation or the By-Laws, as they may deem best. Third, to change the principal office and regis- tered office for the transaction of the conduct of the Association from one location to another as provided in Article I hereof; to fix and locate from time to time one or more subsidiary offices of the Association within or without the State of Kansas, as provided in Article I, Section 2 hereof; to desig- nate any place within or without the State of Kansas for the holding of any members’ meeting or meetings except annual meetings; to adopt, make and use a corporate seal, to prescribe the forms of certificates of membership, and to alter the forms of such seal and of such certificates from time to time, as in their judgement they may deem best, provided such seal and such certifi- cate shall at all times comply with the provisions of law. Fourth, to borrow money and incur indebtedness for purposes of the Association, and to cause to be executed and delivered therefor, in the corpo- rate name, promissory notes, bonds, debentures, deeds of trust, mortgages, pledges, hypotheca- tions of other evidences of debt and securities therefor. Fifth, to appoint an executive committee and other committees, and to delegate to such committees any of the powers and authority of the Board in the management of the conduct and affairs of the Association, except the power to adopt, amend or repeal By-Laws. Any such committee shall be composed of two or more Directors. Section 2 Number and Qualification of Directors. The au- thorized number of Directors of the Association shall be five (5) until changed by amendment to this By-Law. Directors must be members. Section 3 Vacancies. Vacancies on the Board of Directors may be filled by a majority of the remaining Direc- tors, although less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining Director. If at any time, by reason of death, resignation, or other cause, the Association should have no Directors in office, then any officer or any member may apply to the District Court for a decree summarily ordering election as provided for by the Kansas Corporation Code. Each Direc- tor so elected shall hold office until his successor is elected at an annual or a special meeting of the members. A vacancy or vacancies on the Board of Directors shall be deemed to exist in case of the death. resignation or removal of any Director, or if the authorized number of Directors be increased, or if the members fail at any annual or special meeting of voting members at which any Director or Direc- tors are elected to elect the full authorized number of Directos to be voted for at the meeting, or if any Director or Directors elected shall refuse to serve. The members holding at least ten percent (10%) of the outstanding membership certificates may call a meeting at any time to fill any vacancy or vacan- cies not filled by the Directors, or if the Board of Directors filling a vacancy constitutes less than a majority of the whole Board, as constituted im- mediately prior to any increase in the number of Directors. If the Board of Directors accepts the resignation of a Director rendered to take effect at a future time, the Board or the members shall have power to elect a successor to take office when the resignation is to become effective. No reduction of the authorized number of Directors shall have the effect of removing any Director prior to the expiration of his term of office. Section 4 Place of Meeting. Regular and special meetings of the Board of Directors shall be held at any place within or without the State of Kansas which has been designated from time to time by resolution of the Board or by written consent of all members of the Board. In the absence of such designation, all meetings shall be held at the principal office of the Association. Section 5 Regular Meeting. In conjunction with each annual meeting of members, the Board of Directors shall hold a regular meeting for the purpose of organi- zation, election of officers, and the transaction of other business. Notice of such meeting is hereby dispensed with. Section 6 Other Regular Meetings. Other regular meetings of the Board of Directors shall be held without call at such time as the Board of Directors may from time to time designate in advance of such meet- ings. Notice of all such regular meetings of the Board of Directors is hereby dispensed with. Section 7 Special Meetings. Special meetings of the Board of Directorsforany purpose shall be called at any time by the President or, if he is absent or unable or refuses to act, by the Secretary or by any other Director. Notice of such special meetings, unless waived by attendance thereat or by written con- sent to the holding of the meeting, shall be given by written notice mailed at least twelve (12) days before the date of such meeting or be hand deli- vered or notified by telegram at least ten (10) days before the date such meeting is to be held. If mailed, such notice shall be deemed to be deli- vered when deposited in the United States Mail with postage thereon addressed to the Director at his residence or usual place of business. If notice be given by telegraph, such notice shall be deemed to be delivered when the same is delivered to the telegraph company. Section 8 Notice of Adjournment. Notice of the time and place of holding an adjourned meeting need not be given to absent Directors if the time and place be fixed at the meeting adjourned. Section 9 Waiverof Notice. The transactions of any meeting of the Board of Directors, however called and noticed or wherever held, shall be as valid as though had at a meeting duly held after regular call and notice, if a quorum is present; and if, either before or after the meeting, each of the Directors not present signs a written waiver of notice, or a consent to holding such meeting, or an approval of the minutes thereof. All such waivers, consents or approvals shall be filed with the corporate records or made a part of the minutes of the meeting. Section 10 Quorum. A majority of the total number of Direc- tors shall be necessary to constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, except to adjourn as hereinafter provided. Every act or decision done or made by a majority of the Directors present at a meeting duly held at which a quorum is present shall be regarded as the act of the Board of Directors, unless a greater number be required by law or by the Articles of Incorporation. The Page 45 Directors present at a duly called or held meeting at which a quorum is present may continue to do business until adjourn- ment, notwithstanding the withdrawal of enough Directors to leave less than a quorum. Section 11 Meetings by Telephone. Members of the Board of Directors of the Association, or any committee designated by such Board, may participate in a meeting of the Board of Directors by means of conference telephone or similar communications equipment, by means of which all persons partici- pating in the meeting can hear one another, and such participation in a meeting shall constitute presence in person at the meeting. Section 12 Adjournment. A majority of the Directors present may adjourn any Directors’ meeting to meet agin at a stated day and hour or until the time fixed for the next regular meeting of the Board. Section 13 Fees and Compensation. Directors shall not re- ceive any stated salary for their services as Direc- tors. Nothing herein contained shall be construed to preclude any Director from serving the Associ- ation in any other capacity as an officer, agent, employee, or otherwise, and receiving compensa- tion therefor. Section 14 Duties of Board of Directors. To confirm appoint- ments made by the President. To control and manage the Association and its property, passing upon acquisitions and disburse- ments with approval of a single majority of the Board. To formulate policies, rules and regulations in accord with the Constitution and these By-Laws. May hire a secretary to conduct the business of the Association. A Board member must agree to uphold the Con- stitution of AAZK policy wherein the Association is not a labor organization nor can it be utilized as such; must agree to appear at Board meetings, traveling at his/her own expense (usually in con- junction with regional and national conventions); must agree to devote time to communications pertinent to all Board business, answering cor- respondence promptly and efficiently; must agree to accept Board assignments. Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Section 4 Section 5 ARTICLE VI Officers Officers. The officers of the corporation shall be a President, a Secretary, and a Treasurer. The Asso- ciation may also have, at the discretion of the Board of Directors, a Chairman of the Board, one or more Vice-Presidents, one or more Assistant Secretaries and one or more Assistant Treasurers, and such other officers as may be appointed in accordance with the provisions of Section 3 of this Article VI. Any number of offices may be held by the same person. Election. The officers of the Association, except such officers as may be appointed in accordance with the provisions of Section 3 or Section 5 of this Article VI shall be chosen biennially by the Board of Directors, and each shall hold his office until he shall resign or shall be removed or otherwise dis- qualified to serve, or his successor shall be elected and qualified. Subordinate Officers, Etc. The Board of Directors may appoint such other officers as the conduct of the Association may require, each of whom shall have authority and perform such duties as are provided in these By-Laws or as the Board of Directors may from time to time specify, and shall hold office until he shall resign or shall be removed or otherwise disqualified to serve. Compensation of Officers. Employees of the Asso- ciation shall receive such salaries or other com- pensation as shall be determined by resolution of the Board of Directors, adopted in advance or after the rendering of the services, or by employ- ment contracts entered into by the Board of Directors. Vacancies. A vacancy in any office because of death, resignation, removal, disqualification or any other cause shall be filled in the manner pre- scribed in these By-Laws for regular appoint- ments to such office. Section 6 Removal and Resignation. Any officer may be removed, either with or without cause, by a majority of the Directors at the time in office, at any regular or special meeting of the Board, or, except in case of an officer chosen by the Board of Directors, by any officer upon whom such power of removal may be conferred by the Board of Directors. Section 7 President. Subject to such supervisory powers, if any, as may be given by the Board of Directors to the Chairman of the Board, if there be such an officer, the President shall be the chief executive officer of the Association and shall, subject to the control of the Board of Directors, have general supervision, direction and control of the conduct and officers of the Association. He shall preside at all meetings of the members and, in the absence of the Cahirman of the Board, at all meetings of the Board of Directors. He shall be ex officio a member of all the standing committees, including the executive committee, if any, and shall have the general powers and duties of management usually vested in the office of president of a corporation, and shall have such other powers and duties as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors or these By-Laws. Section 8 Vice-President. In the absence or disability of the President, the Vice-President or Vice-Presidents, if there be such an officer or officers, in order of their rank as fixed by the Board of Directors, or if not ranked the Vice-President designated by the Board of Directors, shall perform all the duties of the President, and when so acting shall have the powers of, and be subject to all the restrictions upon, the President. The Vice-Presidents shall have such other powers and perform such other duties as from time to time may be prescribed for them respectively by the Board of Directors or these By-Laws. Section 9 Secretary. The Secretary shall keep or cause to be kept, a book of minutes at the principal office or such other place as the Board of Directors and members, with the time and place of holding, whether regular or special, and if special, how authorized, the notice thereof given, the names of those present at Directors’ meetings, and mem- bers present or represented at members’ meet- ings and the proceedings thereof. The Secretary shall keep, or cause to be kept, at the principal office a membership list, showing the names of the members and their addresses, and the number and date of membership certifi- cates issued; and the date of suspension, termina- tion or resignation of every membership certifi- cate surrendered for cancellation. The Secretary shall give, or cause to be given, notice of all the meetings of the members and the Board of Directors by these By-Laws or by law to be given, and shall keep the seal of the corpora- tion in safe custody, and shall have such other powers and perform such other duties as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors or these By-Laws. The Treasurer shall deposit all monies and other valuables in the name and to the credit of the Association with such depositories as may be designated by the Board of Directors. He shall disburse the funds of the Association as may be ordered by the Board of Directors, shall render to the President and Directors, whenever thay re- quest it, an account of all of his transactions as Treasurer and of the financial condition of the corporation, and shall have such other powers and perform such other duties as may be pre- scribed by the Board of Directors or these By- Laws. He shall be bonded, if required by the Board of Directors. ARTICLE VII Miscellaneous Section 1 Use of Roberts Rules of Order. The most current revision of Roberts Rules of Order shall be used for the conduct of all members’ and Directors’ meetings except as otherwise provided hereunder or in the Articles of Incorporation. Page 46 Section 2 Indemnification of Directors and Officers. When a person is sued either alone or with others, be- cause he is or was a Director or officer of the Association, or of another association serving at the request of this Association, in any proceeding arising out of his alledged misfeasance or non- feasance in the performance of his duties or out of any alledged wrongful act against the Association or by the Association, he shall be indemnified for his reasonable expenses, including attorneys’ fees incurred in the defense of the proceeding, if both the following conditions exist: (a) The person sued is successful in whole or in part, or the proceeding against him is settled with the approval of the court. (b) The court finds that his conduct fairly and equitably merits such indemnity. The amount of such indemnity which may be assessed against the corporation, its receiver, or its trustee, by the court iri the same or in a separate proceeding shall be so much of the expenses, including attorneys’ fees incurred in the defense of the proceedings, as the court determines and finds to be reasonable. Application for such in- demnity may be made either by the person sued or by the attorney or other person rendering services to him in connection with the defense, and the court may order the fees and expenses to be paid directly to the attorney or other person, although he is not a party to the proceeding. Notice of the application for such indemnity shall be served upon the corporation, its receiver, or its trustee, and upon the plaintiff and other parties to the proceeding. The court may order notice to be given also to the members in the manner provided in Article IV, Section 1c, for giving notice of members meetings, in such form as the court directs. Section 3 Checks, Drafts, Etc. All checks, drafts or other orders for payment of money, notes or other evi- dences of indebtedness, issued in the name of or payable to the Association, shall be signed or endorsed by such person or persons and in such manner as, from time to time, shall be determined by resolution of the Board of Directors. Section 4 Annual Report. Annual reports to members shall be required, and the Board of Directors shall cause to be sent to the members reports in such form and at such times as may be deemed approp- riate by the Board of Directors. Section 5 Contracts, Deeds, Etc., How Executed. The Board of Directors, except as in these By-Laws other- wise provided, may authorize any officer or offi- cers, agent or agents, to enter into any contract or execute any instrument in the name of and on behalf of the corporation, and such authority may be general or confined to specific instances; and unless so authorized by the Board of Directors, no officer, agent or employee shall have any power or authority to bind the corporation by any contract or engagement or to pledge its credit or to render it liable for any purpose in any amount, provided, however, that any deeds or other instruments conveying lands or any interest therein shall be executed on behalf of the Association by the Pres- ident or Vice-President, if there be one, or by any agent or attorney so authorized by letter of attor- ney or other written power which was executed on behalf of the Association by the President or Vice-President. Section 6 Membership Certificates. A certificate of mem- bership shall be issued to each member when any such member so requests, and no such certificate shall be issued when initial membership fees are required until such fees are paid in full, unless the Board of Directors specifically authorizes install- ment payments. All such certificates shall be signed by the President or Vice-President, and the Secretary, or an Assistant Secretary. Only one cer- tificate may be issued per member except to replace membership certificates which are lost, stolen or destoyed. In the event a membership certificate is lost, stolen or destroyed, the member requesting a new certificate shall prepare an affi- davit stating the conditions and reasons for the loss, theft, or destruction. Where different classes of membership are pro- vided hereunder, the membership certificates shall be clearly captioned with the type of membership which they requested. Section 7 Fiscal Year. The Board of Directors shall have the power to fix and from time to time change the fiscal year of the corporation. In the absence of action by the Board of Directors, however, the fiscal year of the Association shall end each year on the date which the Association treated as the close of its first fiscal year, until such time, if any, as the fiscal year shall be changed by the Board of Directors. Section 9 Advisors. The Association shall have an advisory board composed of persons appointed by the Board of Directors. The duty of the advisory board shall be to make themselves available for consul- tation by members of the Board of Directors. Being a member of the advisory board shall not preclude any active member from holding other office in the Association. Section 10 Allocation of Funds. Any funds generated by National Convention which remain after costs will be split equally by the host chapter and the parent National Association. Profits made on chapter projects (which are sanctioned by the National Association) will also be split equally between the chapter and the National Association. ARTICLE VII Amendments Section 1 Power of Directors. New By-Laws may be adopted or these By-Laws may be amended or repealed by a majority vote of the membership at any regular or special meeting thereof; provided, however, that the time and place fixed by the By-Laws for the biennial election of Directors shall not be changed within sixty (60) days next proceeding the date on which such elections are to be held. Notice of any amendment of the By-Laws by the Board of Directors shall be given to each stock- holder having voting rights within ten (10) days after the date of such amendments by the Board. Page 47 BIOLOGICAL VALUES II NOW AVAILABLE r' VI IT W,; ijvl :4t ‘** -mwr^ ■ ,#i I. I4* j i -f ' ■ 1 AAZK is pleased to be able to offer its members and other interested indi- viduals in the zoo community the newly published mammal reference booklet en- titled BIOLOGICAL l/ALUES FOR SELECTED MAMMALS- 1 9S5 EDITION. This updated and expanded edition is far more com- prehensive than the original edition. The 1985 Edition is a 112-page work containing biological data on 441 species of mammals. Included in the data are: common name, scientific name (identified by genus and species and arranged according to the 19 recogniz- ed orders of mammals), geographic range, normal adult size, normal adult weight, estrus cycle, gestation period, number of young, weaning, sexual maturity, life expectancy, body temperature, pulse and respiration rate, and names used for the male, female and young of each species. Three pages of the references for data given are included, as is a nine-page index of the selected mammals by common name with cross-indexing where consider- ed appropriate. A Table of Contents offers the researcher quick access to pertinent information. This handy and informative publication was researched and compiled by a team of seventeen zookeepers, docents, interns and zoo volunteers at the San Fran- cisco Zoo, and separately identifies and incorporates certain pertinent em- pirical data submitted by twenty zookeepers from twelve zoos throughout the world. Formated for quick and easy reference, and charmingly illustrated, this booklet will surely be an important and welcome addition to the library of any zookeeper and/or member of our zoo community. BIOLOGICAL t/ALUES FOR SELECTED MAMMALS— J9S5 EDITION is being offered for sale at the following prices: Professional Member ($4.00); Other AAZK Mem- bership Categories ($5.50); Non-Members ($7.00). This prices includes postage and handling. ORDERS OUTSIDE the U.S. need to add $2.00 per copy for First Class mail service. To order, fill out the form below or send necessary information to: BTologTcal [/alue^ Book, do AAIK Natioivil Hdqts., 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606. Make check or money order (U.S. FUNDS ONLY) payable to: "Biological Val ues/AAZK" . Domestic orders please allow 4-6 weeks for delivery at Book Rate. BIOLOGICAL VALUES ORDER FORM Please send copies, at $ each to: (PLEASE PRINT) Name Address City State/Privince_ Zip Please check membership category: P( ) AF( ) AS( ) INST( ) NON-MEM ( ) Page 48 ALPHABETICAL LISTING of the AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF ZOO KEEPERS 'Member’s Name Page |Mo. Abilene Zoological Society 31 Ackerman, Dave 27 Acus, Denny 26 Adams, Dr. Jack 7 Aguirre-Adamson, Lourdes ... 7 Aiello, Jim 24 ‘Akers, Jean 19 Ackley, Jackie 36 Ackley, Nila 36 Albers, Zoe B 17 Albert, J. W. 32 Alderson, Charlotte L 15 Aldridge, Dudley G 26 Alexander, Allyce .29 Alexander, David B 3 Alt, Darla M 32 Algaier, Sharlene 18 Alia, Cynthia A 34 Alldredge, Ernest 1 Allen, Jasmine J 6 Allison, Mary 14 Allsberry, David Bruce 7 Alonso, Susan M 4 Alvey, Mary 28 Amos, Donna L 29 Ams, Barry 2 Andersen, Mary Jo 28 Anderson, Angela 3 ANderson, Emily 34 Anderson, Jim 16 Anderson, Karen L 14 Anderson, Kathy 36 Anderson, Marilyn R 5 Anderson, Martha C 35 Anderson, Susan H 34 Anderson, Wattye N 13 Anderson-Bledsoe, Karen 14 Anderton, Barbara L 32 Andrews, Penny 7 Ankerud, Marc D. 24 Anstandig, Linda M 20 Antonacci, Mary Anne 25 Araki, Kaoru 40 Arbeit, Marjorie 10 Ardell, Bernardine 20 Arelis, Cheryl 37 Arena, Angelo T. 24 Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum Library ..... 2 Armstrong, A. R 38 Armstrong, Frances 20 Armstrong, John D 38 Arquette, Margaret 24 Arnold, Liz 32 Ashley, Patricia 29 Ashmore, Bruce 18 Aubery, Lance 6 Auckland Zoo Education Office 41 Aum, Elandra 34 Averill, Sue 35 Averre, Jan T. 7 Aversa, Thomas 20 Avery-Beausoleil, Leslee 6 Member’s Name Page No. Azua, John V. 5 Azzopardi, Kathy 32 Babbitt, Greg .27 Bacher, Donald R 36 Baer, Janet Faye 35 Baeyens, Marilynn M 3 Bahe, Steven A 16 Bailey, Dales E., Jr. 26 Bailey, Lucy E 22 Baker, Allen G 25 Balazy, Jim 27 Ball, Brad 28 Ballou, Sarah Anne 30 Baloun, Jane 32 Balzano, Steven 24 Bamrick, Raymond E 30 Bangay, Marian 39 Bannor, Brett 11 Barclay, Elayne 28 Barclift, Kimberly 32 Barker, Brack 10 Barkett, Janice 11 Barkman, Betty 3 Barnard, SUsan 12 Barndt, Audrey 25 Barnes, Bob 3 Barnett, Sandra 14 Barr, Verona A 15 Barreda, Debbie 35 Barrett, Mickey 7 Barrow, Julie 12 Barton, Scott 35 Basel, Michael P. 15 Bassignani, Amy 7 Bates, Thomas 19 Bauer, H. Drue 31 Bauer, Linda M 25 Bauer, Lisa M 32 Baumann, Elizabeth 31 Baumann, Ty 36 Beatson, Andrea 38 Beaty-Collette, Carla 28 Beck, Lucille 29 Becker, Sally J 3 Beckman, Jeffrey R 14 Bedinghause, William Kale 17 Beetem, Daniel D 18 Bellinger, Jack 7 Bellinger, Marilyn B 22 Benirschke, Rolf 5 Benjamin, Christopher W. 1 Benner, Sue 1 Bennett, Kathy 19 Bent, Nancy 14 Benton, Tracie Lynn 22 Bentz, Robert 23 Benziger, Barbara 15 Berghaier, Robert 29 Bergmann, John 23 Bernstein, Lee 23 Bilkey, Frederick 36 Bingaman, Laurie 1 Birchman, Diane L 35 Bisconti, Joe 25 Member’s Name Page No. Black, Jim 22 Black, Margie 27 Blaesing, Robert J 16 Blake, Hugh 11 Blake, Mary Ann 16 Blakely, Mike 22 Blohowiak, Dr. Cathy C 1 Blum, Scott 25 Blumer, Sherri 31 Blyther, Gina 29 Boccongelli, Jeanne 23 Bohnert, Vikki 10 Boiler, James W., Jr. 19 Bolton, Kelly 25 Bond, Melanie R 1 Booth, Brad 27 Booth, Gayle 20 Booth, Myrna S 16 Borgman, Betty 30 Born, Harry F. 7 Bornhorst, Heidi L 13 Borzik, Rosalie V. 24 Boulanger, Mena 15 Bound, Virginia 35 Beverly, Tanya G 35 Bowler, J. Kevin 12 Bowman, Diana D 11 Boyd, Carol J 36 Boyer, Ethel W. 29 Boyer, Judy 27 Boyt, Kitty M 7 Bradfield, Ellen 13 Bradley, Wayne Thomas 15 Bradshaw, Ron 37 Brainard, Larry H 6 Bramuchi, Jamie 10 Brainnian, Janet 22 Brainnian, Roger 22 Brashier, Karen 39 Brauer, Virginia 7 Brewer, Bruce A 14 Bridge, Viki Lyn 40 Brigham, Jan Martin 21 Brinley, Clyde H 22 Brisson, Brenda 34 Brochstein, Brenda 13 Brockett, Robin C 19 Brooks, Danny 32 Brooks, Janelle 16 Brooks, Roger W. 12 Brown, Christopher D 31 Brown, Debbie 25 Brown, Helen 12 Brown, Jevra D 28 Brown, Joseph D 24 Brown, Melba T. 1 Brown, Ric 18 Bruce, Jim 18 Bruch, Steven W. 30 Bruckheim, Lori 11 Bruner, Gail 3 Bryant, Barbara 18 Bryant, Elizabeth L 31 Bryant, J. Philip 10 Page 49 Member’s Name Page No. Buboltz, Dale 4 Buchanan, B. Wayne 35 Bucher, Nancy 27 Buchholz, Peter E 24 Buchholz, Richard 24 Buchonis, Dick 34 Buck, Louise 22 Bullock, Jeff 10 Bunchman, Mary Jo 31 Bunn, Susan M 21 Burch, Carl 11 Burch, Debra 11 Burcham, Betty Jean 34 Burck, Wade 1 Burek, Jeanne 30 Burke, Betsey J 22 Burke, Mary F. 14 Burnell, Marilyn 29 Burt, Douglas C 17 Burroughs, Wendy 2 Bury, Thelma L 2 Busa, Robert R 19 Busch, Shirley 5 Butcherine, Betty 5 Butler, Everett S 10 Byrom, Ron 29 Caddick, Gerard B 25 Cady, Stephen 30 Calcagno, Erica A 5 Cameron, R 38 Campa, Pamela J 10 Campbell, Dennis 14 Campbell, Lori 13 Caparon, David 21 Calhoun, Thomas G., Jr. 31 Carbone, Christina A 20 Card, John 31 Cardinal, B. J 21 Cardinale, Leona 20 Cardon, Nadine 37 Carleton, William 16 Carlson, Tawny 2 Carizen, Glen J 7 Carmichael, Doug 31 Carpenter, George 7 Carpenter, Mike 15 Cason, Connie 5 Carter, Charles B 10 Carter, Mike 3 Carter, Sally Hart 1 Carter, Scott 17 Case, Mitchell R 24 Caskey, R Marlene 37 Cassidy, Theresa 22 Castillo, Stephen J 17 Castle, Gail A 19 Castle, Mark W. A 20 Castlebury, Linda 16 Castro, Bert 28 Catchpole, Anne 40 Caughlan, Dave 37 Cauley, Linda Q 12 Chamberlain, Marion 19 Chandran, Subash 41 Channon, Constance 6 Chapin, Christine 20 Chapman, Arvilla 23 Chapo, John 16 Cheney, Cynthia A 28 Page 50 Member’s Name Page No. Cherepow, Linda R 19 Cherry, Nancy 17 Cheshko, Frances 2 Childers, Elaine 17 Chindgren, Steve 32 Chmelko, Karen 24 Christensen, Darlene 30 Christensen, Jeff 32 Chu, Elaine M 6 Churchman, David 3 Churley, Colonel Bob 5 Claffey, Oliver 38 Clark, Alice 10 Clark, Bruce 27 Clark, Evahynde A 27 Clark, Jerome H 24 Clark, Kathy A 20 Clarke, Faye 5 Clarke, Gary K 17 Clauson, Barbara L 14 Clendenin, Lynne 29 Clifton, Donna R 11 Clippinger, Yvonne 26 Cloak, Connie 31 Coakley, John 9 Coburn, Irma 6 Cohen, Candi 25 Coker, Mike 17 Cole, Jeffrey 38 Cole, Marilyn 38 Collett, Rosemary K 26 Collier, Claudia E 6 Collier, Doris-Marie 26 Collins, Robert 11 Collrin, Leonard 38 Colucci, Linda 11 Comtois, Rachel Ann 23 Comtois, Veronica 19 Conley, Angela 20 Connell, Dorothy A 14 Conners, Steve 9 Connors, Joel H 31 Connughton, Sarah 24 Conover, Melissa 23 Conrad, Susan 29 Conroy, Judy 7 Contento, Steven D 19 Conway, Kevin 1 Cook, David G 13 Cooper, Art 1 Cooper, Deborah G 27 Cooper, John A 28 Cooper, Patti 25 Cooper, S. G 38 Cooper, Sheri 32 Copeland, Brenda 13 Copeland, Debra A 3 Correll, Miram 2 Correll, Terrie 17 Cory, Linda 4 Cosenza, Michele 25 Cosgrove, Betsey 23 Cosgrove, G. E 5 Cosper, Raymond 7 Cotter, Shirley 35 Counts, Laura L 15 Courtney, Jody F 5 Courtney, Martin H 13 Courtright, Howard 25 Member’s Name Page Nc Cover, Linda I ; Cox, Dr. Cathleen R J Cox, Diane DeBruno i: Craft, Sheila .2: Craig, Margaret 1' Cramm, Anita T Crandall, Suzanne i; Crane, Jamie 3! Crayon, Jack ' Creviston, John 3’ Crocker, Mike 21 Cromwell, Bonnie ‘ Cuccinello, Jenny I Cuchna, Betty Ann 1J Culbertson, David 2 Cullion, Cheryl 1{ Cummings, Teresa j Cunning, Marguerite 25 Curtis, David 3i Curtis, Kyle 1‘| Czerwinski, Lindsay M Tj Dahiberg, Donald L 2i Dahlquist, Matt 2i\ Dailey, Todd T Dalien, Jerry L 3f DAmbra, Maria 3( Daniel, Thomas H 3L| Daniels, Joan M T Danko, Stephen J 3' Danzig, Toni ( Dare, Jayne D 3^ Dauhaulin, Andy 1( Davidson, Kimberley G 2f Davidson, Terrie 3f Davidson, Wally Davis, Darlyne 1 Davis, Judianne 11 Davis, Judith A 1 Davis, Paula 27 Davis, Roy John 31 Davis, Sheryl L 2G Davis, Wayne S 2C Day, Ann 22 Day, Carol L 22 Deacon, Kenneth, Jr. D.D.S. ... 12 Debets, Bob 37 DeBraal, Karen 7 Deckert, Harlan K., Jr. 2 Deckert, Mary ^ DeDenus, Mark 37 Dee, Michael A De Graffenreid, Diane Ii Delacour, Dr. Jean 7 DeLeon, Tracee L 32 Demeter, Bela J 1 Dennier, Bill 27 Derosa, Terry 14 Dhuse, Judy 2 Dias, Martin E 6 Dickerson Park Zoo 22 Dickinson, Peter 41 Didion, Janet 5 Diederich, Diane 5j Dieter, Jacquelyn A 7 Dietze, Monika 34 Dilley, Michael A 27 Diluglio, Loretta A 30 Dinger, Christine 241 Member’s tsiame Page No. Oinon, John A 21 Dirnbauer, Nancy 36 Di Sante, Linda 13 Dixson, Daisy 34 Donaldson, W. V. 30 Donham, Joyce 18 Dorr-Dorynek, Maria 25 Dotts, Cindy 5 Douglas, Jerry 14 Downing, Cheryl 11 Doyle, Charles 24 Doyle, Teryl L 29 Drahnak, Regina M 14 Drake, Bev 39 Dredger, James H 24 Dring, Butch 23 Drummond, Leslie Ann 37 Drysdale, Mary Blythe 9 DuBeau, Michelle A 21 Dugan, Denise A 14 Dukes, Mary 7 Dulaney, Michael W. 25 Dulay, Carolyn 6 Dunbar, Catherine 15 Duncan, Nancy 29 Duncan, Neil 4 Duncan, V. Kay 31 Dunn, Karen 28 Dural, Mary Grace 7 Durette, Jacqueline 23 Durrell, Gerald 40 Dusterwald, Stefni 25 Duval, Julian J 16 Dvoracek, Ellen 6 Dvornich, Karen M 35 Dyer, Neil 26 Easton, Eric G 20 Easton, Karen 20 Eberhardt, Carla 11 Eckert, Mary 17 Edington, Robert 24 Ehret, Jean M 24 Eidemiller, Ingrid 4 EkhamI, Debbie 7 Elch, Suzanne 21 Elia, Richard 14 Elinson, Dina 13 Ellen Trout Zoo 31 Ellenburg, Sarah Sinclair 11 Eller, Heinz 41 Ellermann, Mark 18 Ellett, John Speas 18 Elliott, Linda S 13 Elliott, Peter 37 Elliott, Sandra 20 Elsen, Kay M 36 Elsing, Milford 31 Emmer, Richard 27 Endangered Species, Inc 10 Enders, Frank A, 25 Enfield, Richard L 22 Engelder, William 25 Engesser, Robert Luce 10 Engfer, Susan 7 England, Ray Jesse 14 Engler, Wendy 35 English, Michele R 30 English, Violet 35 Ensley, Heidi 5 Member’s Name Page No. Ensley, Philip K 4 Ensor, Julie A 11 Erickson, Ruth 29 Ernstrom, Susan B 25 Ervin, Jana 22 Ervine, Linda 38 Espey, Lisa 9 Esterbrook, Suzanne M 6 Estrada, Kevin 7 Evans, Christopher 39 Evans, Hugh 36 Evans, JoAnne 27 Evans, Robert L 13 Evans, Sheri 7 Exline, Brock 32 Faerber, Randolph A 18 Fagg, L. Steven 32 Fahringer, Patricia A 5 Fain, Lisa Lane 10 Falcone, Pamela 4 Falvey, Joan 16 Falvo, Ellen 24 Faizone, Celia K 31 Fankhauser, Laurie 16 Farkas, Ernest 27 Farley, Lori 15 Favata, Glenous M 27 Faye, Lorraine 25 Federgren, Miriam 15 Feldman, Bernard C 24 Felton, George, Jr. 18 Fenwick, Margaret J 38 Ferebee, Peggy V. 26 Ferrara, Dennis 5 Fiedler, Theresa J 25 Field, Leslie P 5 Fiesta, Nancy D 15 Figueroa, Joseph A 28 Findley, Barbara H 20 Finerman, Gloria Novak 14 Fink, Franklin J 23 Fink, Kenneth W. 5 Fisera, Dee 14 Fisher, Terry 32 Fitting, Joseph 6 Fitzgerald, Lisa 32 Fitzgerald, Dr. V. J 16 Flanders, Kristi L 17 Flath, Linda 31 Fleitman, Jane 11 Fletcher, Darold 23 Florin, David A 24 Foley, Nancy 27 Fonk, Floyd E 36 Ford, David R 26 Ford, Joyce A 35 Ford, Naoma G 7 Foreman, Gail E 27 Forman, L. Ronald 18 Forsyth, Diane C. M 26 Foster, Birdie 4 Foster, Debra 21 Foster, Georgette L 26 Foster, Paul J 1 Foster, Susan 19 Fox, Jessica 4 FradI, Kathleen 21 Frahm, Gail 17 Franey, Charlene 22 Member’s Name Page No. Frank, Elizabeth 1 Frank, Gary 32 Frank, Jackie 40 Franke, Maria 38 Frazier, Lydia 4 Frazier, Ned C 16 Frazier-Taylor, Harmony, B 35 Freed, Deborah 31 Freels, Russell 31 Freeman, Debbie 8 Freiheit, Clayton F. 9 French, Timothy J 25 Fricke, Donald 26 Friends of the Topeka Zoo 17 Frisk, Wendy 8 Fritz, Judy A 35 Fritz, Paul 2 Gabriel, Rose 32 Gaffney, Michele 6 Gagne, Steve 11 Gaida, Rick 34 Gallagher, Eileen 30 Gallagher, William H 31 Galvin, Ann 7 Gangloff, Linda L 25 Gannon, Laura A 25 Gard, Kathryn 1 Gardner, Libby 22 Garel, Anthony 39 Garland, Chris 20 Garner, Francine 11 Garner, J. P 10 Gaska, Lana 22 Gaspari, Margaret 34 Gatien, Joseph 37 Gault, Linda 2 Gaviller, Patricia 39 Genovese, Christine 38 George, Ellen L 15 Garrity, Eileen P 23 Gerlach, Susan 6 Gershenz, Norman 6 Gersten, llise 7 Geyer, Lane 16 Ghent, Elizabeth 35 Haffner, Barb 37 Hagan, David 18 Hagen, Mark 39 Hagey, Diane 29 Hagler, Ernest 22 Haines, Mary L 17 Hall, Carmen 32 Hall, Terri L 14 Hall, Vince 29 Halleen, Roger. 14 Hamburger, Lisa 6 Hamilton, Avonelle 35 Hamilton, Edward 5 Hamilton, Joel M 31 Hammett, Pamela J 34 Hand, Susan K 6 Hanley, George H 3 Hanneman, Jenifer 17 Hansen, Edward P 2 Hanson, Barbara 29 Hanson, Janet 20 Hanson, Nancy 4 Harder, Arthur E 36 Hardy, Collette Monique 21 Page 51 Member’s Name Page No. Hardy, Kathleen R 19 Hargrove, Carrell S 2 Harling, JohnT 20 Harper, Ada Jo 32 Harrell, Ann Marie 4 Harrington, Sean 21 Harrison, Marty 27 Hartz, James D 16 Hassell, Brenda E 20 Hawes, Maryanne 39 Hawkinson, Dorothy R 4 Hayashi, Teruaki 40 Hayes, Tom 30 Haynes, Leigh Ann 16 Healy, Susan Y. 5 Heath, Dan C 28 Heaton-Jones, Terrell G 12 Heeschen, Pamela J 10 Heikkila, Erik 21 Heil, Elaine 12 Hein, Sandra K 2 Heine, John R 24 Heinz, Diane L 30 Heinermann, Jeff 11 Held, Stanley R 28 Hembroff, Sharron L 38 Henderson, Charles C., Jr. 34 Henderson, Christine 4 Hendren, Becky 12 Hendron, Richard A 32 Henneous, Roger L .28 Henry, Susan E 30 Hermann, Teri 31 Herrin, Toni 28 Herzon, Randall 4 Hesch, Carol 11 Hess, Ann 30 Heston, John 5 Hibbs, Wayne 37 Hickey, Jill 2 Higgins, James G 15 Higgins, Michael 31 Hill, David G 31 Hill, Margaret R 8 Hill, Norma R 17 Hinck, Chrislyn R 28 Hirsch, Stephanie L 22 Hixson, Janice 28 Hobbs, Mary Jo 17 Hoch, Jean E 5 Hodges, Deborah 11 Hofauer, Harry 38 Hoffman, Delores 3 Hoffman, Joan 36 Hoffman, Kerry 2 Hofling, Mark L 24 Holden, Morna 1 Holden, Susan 14 Hollenbeck, Nancy S 7 Holst, Alan G 23 Holton, Arthur A 2 Honnold, Steven G 2 Hook, Patricia 31 Hooley, Debra 16 Hopkins, Peggy 17 Hopkins, Suzanne 4 Hoppes, Roger 6 Horning, Cynthia L 35 Horton, Carolyn M 31 Page 52 Member’s Name Page No. Horton, Leon C., Jr. 13 Houck, John H 28 Houser, Daniel Ray 23 Houser, Freda 12 Houser, George 12 Houy, Ralph 31 Howard, Bob 36 Howard, Brian 6 Howe, David J 6 Howe, Gregory B 11 Howe, Mary Jo 23 Hromadka, Jean 5 Hromadka, Joseph 12 Hubbell, Gordon, DV.M 11 Hubers, Hendriekje C 40 Huck, Ann 18 Huck, William 18 Hudson, Cathy 12 Hudson, Robert 32 Huff, Thomas A 38 Huggett, Helen 38 Humphreys, Andy 37 Hunt, Connie 6 Hunt, Daniel R 27 Hunter, Wendy J 38 Hunting, Joyce Lynn 3 Huntley, Edward P. 9 Hursey, ML 1 Husbands, Kelly 31 Hutchins, Carole 6 Hyatt, Gail M 5 Hymer, Julie A 4 Hyter, Donna J 27 laderosa, John 13 lllig, David 22 lllig, Michael G. 28 Imoto, Gewn Y. 13 Indianapolis Zoo 16 Indiviglio, Frank 24 Irizarry, Susan J 25 Irvine, Brenda G 38 Irvine, Marjorie 14 Ivester, Kevin 13 Jackson, Deborah 3 Jackson, Elizabeth H 13 Jackson, Kathryn D. Trina ..... 4 Jackson, Laura 32 Jacksonville Zoological Society 10 Jacobs, Alex 1 Jacobs, Bonnie 14 Jacobs, Dora M 24 Jacobs, Frederic C 9 Jacobs, Woodrow D 31 Jacobsen, Jeanne 31 Jacobsen, L 36 Jacobson, Eva 18 Jacobson, Jane 6 Jacoby, Jake ' 34 Jaeger, Andrea 12 Jakubiak, Denise 20 Jaffee, John 16 Jagels, Jeffrey Foley 8 Jager, Hans de 37 Jalink, Rosemary 32 Janson, Cor 13 Jaroszewski, Cindy 22 Jasan, Jay 25 Jendrowski, Susanne 30 Member’s Name Page No. Jenkins, Ed 8 Jenkins, Martha E 25 Jenkins, Teresa A 3 Jennison, Cheryl 15 Jensem, Lyle 20 Jensen, Patricia 25 Jepson, Dorothy R 14 Jepson, Jerry B 14 Johns, Melinda 35 Johnson, Al 35 Johnson, Marty 5 Johnson, Shirley 34 Johnston, William J ; . 8 Johnstone, Richard 38 Joiner, James H. 5 Jones, Allie 9 Jones, Betsy 23 Jones, Cheryl L 28 Jones, Jeffery 32 Jones, Kimberly K 4 Jones, Marcella F. 22 Jones, Marian 18 Jones, Marvin 6 Jones, Richard E 17 Jordan, Joseph E 29 Jordan, Sylvia 2 Jorgensen, Bent 39 Jorgensen, Michael ole ... 39 Joseph, Saul J 14 Jung, Dolora 11 Kacprzyk, Henry L 30 Kaemmerer, Kenneth R 18 Kagan, Ron 20 Kahn, Gloria K 4 Kaiser, Sharon 13 Kalfas, Peter D 6 Kalla, Joe 5 Kaplan, Karen .31 Kaplan, Paula 19 Karlin, Steven 7 Karr, Gail 31 Kartman, Elissa T. R 5 Kaschak, Lisa M 29 Kasielke, Susan M 4 Kaskus, Debra L 8 Katz, Stacy 27 Kauffman, Donna 36 Kaufman, Galen 17 Kaufman, Ron 17 Kaump, Nancy 8 Kawata, Ken 36 Kayser, Margaret F 38 Keane, Richard, Mrs 34 Keele, Michael 28 Keeley, Barbara Harlow 4 Kefalas, Theodore 34 Keiter, Mary D 35 Keller, W. Lawrence , . 15 Kelley, Francella A. 8 Kellough, Robert M 38 Kelly, Colleen 31 Kelly, Kathy 1 Kelly, Pat 11 Kelly, Thomas^F 12 Kelly, Tim 37 Kemp, Olive 4 Kemper, Loretta L 29 Kempf, Frank 30 Kendall, Gloria 5 iMembei's Name Page No. Kenney, Susan Lynne 15 IKeppel, Angela 1 Ifercheval, Elizabeth 8 Kercheval, John R 8 Kern, Deborah 10 iKernall, Alexandra 13 I Kerr, Mary Ellen. 6 [Kettle, Ed 32 jKettlekamp, Julie 16 I Kidd, Geoffrey Ernest 39 Killinger, Wayne 10 'iKillmar, Karen S 5 Kimball, Valkyrie 17 King, D. Philip 37 King, Karen 8 King, Kathryn L 28 King, Marsha Lynne 27 King, Nancy 29 King, Nancy 37 Kinison, Cher 12 Kirchner, Chuck 22 Kirker, Mary E 35 Kiseda, John J 24 Klecha, Florence 24 Kleeman, Carolyn 16 Klein, Donna C 15 Klein, Henry D 35 Klieger, Elaine 36 Kline, Karen A 22 Klingler, Cathy 15 Knapik, Dwight R 37 Knehans, Peter L 32 Knight, Deborah A 31 Knox, Agaylo Dee 8 Kobayashi, Kazuo 40 Koch, Kevin C 21 Kocincki, Lindsey 4 Koehler, Gary L 29 Kohihaas, Kathy L 5 Kohn, Frank B 1 Komsa, James 23 Konrath, Ralph 36 Koos, Gail S 8 Kopf, Denise 4 Korb, Randy 36 Kostyra, Robert 37 Kosz, Lucy M 9 Kotay, Nancy R 30 Kovar, Lesley 23 Krause, Joe 29 Krawitz, Daniel 15 Kreider, Cynthia 29 Kreider, Dorothy E 9 KresI, Douglas 5 Krohn, Elizabeth 15 Krug, Diane R 12 Krussman, Eric 11 Kucala, B. A 5 Kuder, Vickie 5 Kuhns, Wendy 13 Kumpf, Marlene 9 Kuntze, Ann 19 Kurkowski, Tim 3 Kurtz, Barbara J 6 Kurtz, Susan 11 Laarman, Pamela Dawn 20 LaBarge, Thomas E 9 Lacy, Christine 12 Laine, Richard 21 Member’s Name Page No. Laird, Ann Marie 14 LaMalfa, Samuel J 36 Lambis, Rosalie 14 Landry, Patricia K 25 Lane, Dawn 8 Lane, Sally J 30 Lang, Amy Gheres 27 Langdon, David 39 Langhammer, James R 21 Langlois, Cheryl L 34 Largel, Mark S 12 Larmour, Peter 8 LaRoche, Louise 34 Larrow, Krista Boyd 25 Latinen, Glenn B 21 Latinen, Katherine A 21 LaTurno, Michael K 22 Laufer, Ruth M 15 Lauver, Jacqueline 32 Lavelle, Mike 25 Lawless, Mary E 1 Lawson, Rachel W. 35 Lawson, Susan 19 Layton, Jane 20 Lazarus, Kelly L 31 Leach, Ellen 35 Leathery, Stephen L 1 Lebell, Jeanette 8 Lechner, Kathryn A 21 Ladder, Diane A 11 Lee, Susan 2 LeFevers, Sonya 16 Lefler, Scott 38 Legate, Jake R., Ill 3 Legal, R. S 21 Lehn, Cathi 31 Lehnen, Theresa 12 Lehner, John 36 Liendecker, Lynn 25 Lensch, Michael E 18 Leonard, Frank H 24 Leoncio, Frederick N 40 Letsche, Larry, DVM 21 Levendosky, Walter 25 Levy, Deborah J 4 Levy, Dennis R. H 40 Lew, Kevin K. 4 Lewandowski, Dr. Albert H. ... 21 Lewandrowski, Gary 25 Lewis, Adele 24 Lewis, Betsy 25 Lewis, Craig 29 Lewis, Genny 13 Lewis, Patricia A 24 Lich, Stephen A 12 Lichty, Guy 5 Liddie, Andrea S 8 Liesemeyer, Brent R 13 Light, Michael S 30 Liguori, Margaret 11 Lincoln, Di 26 Lincoln, Margaret E 11 Lincoln, Yvonne 31 Linehan, John J 19 Lingnau, Debra J 17 Linhoff, Barbara J 5 Lipko, Joseph J 30 Little, Liza 31 Littlewood, Ann 28 Member’s Name Page No. Lo, Sheila M. D 13 Lodge, Andy .27 Loehr, Kathleen Ann 23 Logan, Earl E. 20 Lombardi, Celeste 27 Lombardi, Gino 38 Lombardo, Judy 4 London, Gale R 2 Long, Darde 31 Long, Valerie 6 Lord, Diane 6 LoStracco, Lorraine 3 Louderback, Paul D 28 Louderback, Robert W 27 Louwman, J. W. W 40 Love, C. T 5 Loverro, Linda 24 Lowder, Michael Q 32 Lowder, Rebecca 31 Luce, David K 31 Luce, Don 10 Lum, Glenda 13 Luscomb, Peter 13 Maas, Byron S 35 Macek, Michael 14 Maciolek, Janina 8 MacKendrick, Graeme 37 MacKinnon, Becky 17 MacLaughlin, Liz 30 MacMillan, June 8 MacNelly, Bruce D 19 Maier, Claire L 34 Maierhauser, Joe 31 Main, Andrew 9 Majerowicz, Eugene 1 8 Malchow, Butch 22 Male, Terry 38 Maluy, Patrick D 35 Malzacher, H 36 Mannchen, Kurt 12 Mannes, Dave 10 Marason, Christine A 4 Margulis, Susan 25 Marinelli, Jacqueline 23 Marion, Frederic 7 Marker, Laurie 29 Marks, Margie 30 Marmack, Kathy Ann 5 Marshall, Michael 28 Marshall, Theodora 21 Marshall, Tim 17 Martens, Kirk H 37 Martens, Roger 36 Martin, Linda 19 Martin, Susan L 8 Martin, W H 3 Martinex, Johnny 5 Martinez, Carol 6 Martinez, Joe 24 Mashaw, Sylvia V ....... 23 Mashburn, Natalie 26 Mason, Fran 38 Mason, James J 24 Mason, Laura 26 Mason, Tori G 17 Mason-Smith, Donna 1 Masters, Harold 37 Matheson, Finlay L 19 Mathias, Cathi 14 Page 53 Member’s Name Page No. Matteson, Mana Elaina 25 Matthews, Philip 31 Matthews, Steve 25 Mattson, Jeffrey 4 Mauro, Brina 25 May, Gene 3 May, Jean R Mullins 3 Mayer, Cyd 36 Mayer, Kerry 6 Maynard, Joseph W. 3 Mazrimas, Christy Ann 16 Mazza, Richard 24 McBirney, Marilyn 31 McCabe, Vivian R 18 McCadden, Carol 31 McCaffrey, Thomas 21 McCann, Mary 30 McCann, Pauline R 32 McCauley, Julie 5 McClellan, Bernice 28 McClure, Kay 15 McConnell, Carol J 25 McCoy, Janet 28 McDonald, Colleen K 31 McDonald, Donna 9 McDougall, Pam 37 McElroy, Karen R 30 McEwen, Joseph 20 McFayden, Francis E 39 McGehee, Steven M 22 McGill, Randy 20 McGrath, Danny 38 McGuire, Debra J 30 McHugh, Marge 2 McIntyre, James K 12 McIntyre, Mac 12 McKechnie, C. J 39 McKinney, Denise A 13 McLane, Peter C 13 McLaughlin, Julie 1 McLean, Lori 28 McMahan, Erin M 35 McMahon, Randy 15 McMurray, Laura 37 McNary, Jennifer K 4 McNaught, Patricia Ann 3 McSheehy, Marylin 20 Meacham, Mike 7 Meade, Janet D 3 Meakins, Frank 40 Mechvichai, Chira 41 Meek, Caroline J 17 Mehaffey, Douglas 31 Mellen, Jill 28 Melvin, Dennis 5 Mendez, Samuel 15 Menzies, V. 38 Merritt, Deborah 20 Messersmith, Mike 34 Metropolitan Toronto Zoo 38 Mettler, Kenneth J 27 Metzger, Michael L 23 Meyer, G. H 40 Meyers, Laura 17 Meyers, Priscilla C 15 Michel, Anna 28 Michael, Jeanne K 12 Michel, John 5 Middleton, Laurie 4 Page 54 Member’s Name Page No. Milam, Ann 29 Miles, E. Anne 11 Miley, Michelle 20 Mi ley, Rob 2 Millar, Stuart 4 Miller Park Zoo 15 Miller, Arthur 1 Miller, David S 8 Miller, Gerald G 21 Miller, Sherry H 32 Miller, James R 26 Miller, Jean 8 Miller, Kimberly A 27 Miller, Lee J 1 Miller, Louise 12 Miller, Steve A 26 Miller, Tracy 19 Minchew, Alene A 22 Miser, Alice J 17 Mishi, Masanori 40 Mitchell, Chris 22 Mitchell, G 8 Mitchell, John C 6 Mitchell, Mark D 35 Mitschke, Sue 23 Moakler, John R 25 Mochimaru, Yoriko 40 Modica, Tony 21 Moen, Christine 8 Moffatt, Elizabeth J 23 Momsen, Peter 36 Montgomery, George 2 Moore, Linda 1 Moore, Lloyd S 29 Moore, Teresa 2 Moran, Theresa M 21 Moredock, Jacqueline A 26 Morgan, Betty C 20 Morgan, Mary 13 Morgan, Timmye 2 Morris, Charles C 26 Morrison, Cathy 7 Moss, Tami 17 Mossier, John 12 Mottram., Karen D 38 Moy, Susan M 14 Muehlenberg, Averil 20 Mueller, James M 30 Mueller, Ken 8 Munsterman, Paul 16 Muir, Gary 19 Mullins, Susan 19 Mulroney, Terry 5 Munoz, Paula 8 Munson, Jeffrey L 30 Murch, Robert A 29 Mure, Mary 13 Murphy, Pat 22 Murrie, Gerald W. 8 Musil, Ron 36 Musso, Stephen 24 Muszalski, Jamie 8 Nagel, Debby 3 Nakazato, Ryuji 40 Naleid, Erica 15 Nall, Greg 8 Napolitano, Linda A 19 Nash, Rebecca 10 Nastold, Val 26 Member’s Name National Zoological Park Nawrocki, Timothy M. . Nease, Richard Neely, Allison Nelson, Christine Nelson, Delilah Neu, David Neuman, Blair Nevendorff, Chris Neville, Laurie Newman, Karin S Newman, Larry Newman, Sarah Neymark, Joan Nickel, Kathi Duff Nickson, Carol E Nielsen, Mary F Nielsen, Mrs. William E. Niemann, Kit Nix, Cheryl Noda, Gene Nolan, Susan Norton, Ann L Noyes, Gordon Nunnally, Buz Nurmikko, Mika J Oberliesen, Nancy O’Brien, Mary Ellen . . . O’Connor, Lynn O’Connor, Sheila O’Donnell, Jo A O’Donovan, Millie Oft, Betty R Ohse, Lilli Okamoto, Fran Olfert, John Oliver, Geoff Oliveras, Diana Olsen, Tammery ...... Olson, Debbie Olson, Frances Olson, Gina M Oncay, Carla O’Neal, Greg Orr, Alyce J. S Orsi, Pamela C Osborn, Barbara E Our Vanishing Kingdom Limited . . . Outerbridge, Catherine Outlaw, Jan Overholt, Lynnea A. . . . Owens, Gregg Pacy, Jodi Page, Laurie Palestine, Dominic .... Palmer, Barbara E Palmgren, James S. . . . Palomo, Susana Estrada Pangelinan, Judy Pantiff, James Papiernik, Marc W. Pappas, Tim Paradis, Holly Parker, Gary Parker, Julia Parker, Raymond J. Parker, Ronald Parker, Shirley Member’s Name Page No. Parker, William K. 30 ParTi 5i .,>^' .•■ ? , ; ' ' ■> W-^ ■■ ; t,M : ■'*• '^'>. . ■ . ■• -v^ .. >a...^i-? U'i 'VS » i '' '■ ,i?r' ■% -' V < • ■^x.. V'..^ ■^; r^T '’ ' *' '-'1 -^.'xWvV' ‘^,..^^4, . V'’'"' •X,t ■■•.;■/;,; ^ ' ' '.' ■ ', . T'X fhM / . mmio ^^’noKgcfr ,-i6','d>’5^lifiH. r*92f\'^': i'J JilAA "-ii l •t'n ' ''V)\;W7 •■y - J" y '# bnss- j5 ‘‘^ :.?nr/l;,^ ^A : :?ym _;.; .. 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