ANIMAL KEEPERS’ FORUM

Vol. 35, No

ANIMAL KEEPERS’ FORUM. 3601 S.W. 29th St., Suite 133, Topeka, KS 66614-2054
Phone: (785) 273-9149 FAX (785) 273-1980

January 2008
Vol.35,No. 1

AKF Managing Editor: Susan D. Chan • Associate Editors • Kayla Grams, Lovell, WY; Mark de Denus,
Winnipeg, MB; Jolene Hamrick, Tucson, AZ • Enrichment Options Coordinator: Rachel Daneault, Disney’s
Animal Kingdom • Legislative/Conservation Outlook Column Co- Coordinators: Becky Richendollar, North
Carolina Zoo and Greg McKinney, Philadelphia, PA • Reactions Column Coordinator: William K. Baker, Jr.,
Abilene Zoo, Abilene, TX • ATC Column Coordinators: Angela Binney, Disney’s Animal Kingdom and Kim
Kezer, Zoo New England • Proofreader: Barbara Manspeaker, AAZK Administrative Office.

Animal Keepers’ Forum is published monthly by the American Association of Zoo Keepers, Inc., 3601 S.W. 29th
Street, Suite 133, Topeka, KS 66614-2054. Ten dollars of each membership fee goes toward the annual publication
costs of Animal Keepers’ Forum . Postage paid at Topeka, KS.

AAZK Executive Director: Ed Hansen, AAZK, Inc., Topeka KS

also serves as AAZK Liaison to the American Zoo & Aquarium Association (AZA)

AAZK Administrative Secretary: Barbara Manspeaker, AAZK, Inc., Topeka, KS

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

Shane Good, Cleveland Metroparks Zoo, Cleveland, OH 44109
Denise Wagner, The Phoenix Zoo, Phoenix, AZ 85008
Jacque Blessington, Kansas City Zoo, Kansas City, MO 64132-4200
Tammy Root, Indianapolis Zoo, Indianapolis, IN 46222
Bob Cisneros, San Diego Zoo, San Diego, CA 92112-0551

COMMITTEES/COORDINATORS

By-laws

Chair - Gisela A. Wiggins, North Carolina Zoo
Grants Committee
Chair - Shelly Roach, Columbus Zoo
Enrichment Committee
Co-Chairs - Dawn Neptune, Utah’s Hogle Zoo
and Amy Burgess, Disney’s Animal Kingdom
Annual Conferences
Coordinator - Ed Hansen, AAZK, Inc.

Professional Development
Chair - Tammy Schmidt, Peoria Zoo
ICZ Coordinators

Shane Good, Cleveland Metroparks Zoo and
Norah Farnham, Woodland Park Zoo

MEMBERSHIP SERVICES

APT EDT and ATP Forms AAZK Historian

AAZK Administrative Offices/Topeka Mark Levin, Plymouth Meeting, PA

AAZK Website - Liaison to Webmaster AAZK Publications/Logo Products

AAZK Administrative Offices/Topeka

Ethics

Chair - Denise Wagner, The Phoenix Zoo
Awards

Chair - Janet McCoy, The Oregon Zoo
Marketing Resources

Chair - Kristen Wolfe, Disney’ s Animal Kingdom
Animal Training Committee
Co-Chairs - Angela Binney, Disney’s Animal
Kingdom & Kim Kezer, Zoo New England
Bowling for Rhinos -
Coordinator - Patty Pearthree, Cary, NC
Conservation Committee
Amanda Kamradt, Houston Zoo and
Penny Jolly, Disney’s Animal Kingdom

President
Vice President

Denise Wagner, The Phoenix Zoo

Table of Contents

r

About the Cover/Information for Contributors........... 2

From the Editor............ 3

Scoops & Scuttlebutt 4 - 6

Coming Events..... 7

From the President 8

AAZK Announces New Members 9 - 10

Conference 2008 - Second Call for Papers 12

Enrichment Options {Asiatic Black Bears) 13 - 16

Fland-Rearing 1.1 Asian Small-clawed Otter 17 - 20

Animal Training Tales/ ATC {Hand-Injection Training a Margay) 21 - 22

2008 Indianapolis Prize Finalists Named 23

The Role of Facilities Departments in Environmental Enrichment 24 - 25

Reactions {Free-contact Training) 26 - 28

Polar Bear International Offer to AAZK Members 28

Conservation/Legislative Update 29 - 34

2007 AKF Index 35 - 40

33rd Anniversary - 1974-2007

MISSION STA TEMENT
American Association of Zoo Keepers, Inc.

To provide a resource and a forum of continuing education for the animal care professional and to
support zoo and aquarium personnel in their roles as animal care givers, scientific researchers,
public educators and conservationists. To promote zoos and aquariums as cultural establishments
dedicated to the enrichment of human and natural resources; to foster the exchange of research
materials, enrichment options and husbandry information through publications and conferences
which will lead to a greater understanding of the needs and requirements of all animals.

This month s cover features the North American Porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum) drawn by Jolene Howell of
Ellsworth Air Force Base, South Dakota, who worked during 2007 as an Animal Caretaker at Bear Country
U.S.A. This facility houses a family of three North American Porcupines , referred to fondly as “Ma-Pine”,
"Pa-Pine ”, and "Spike ”, their two-year-old male offspring. Pa Pine and Spike are featured in the illustration,
posed on the rock ledge of their enclosure in the Babyland area of the park, which displays smaller and young
animals. Also known as quillpigs, pricklepigs and quillers, the word porcupine comes from French words that
mean "spiny pig ”. However, the porcupine is not a pig, but a rodent. The Beaver is the only other rodent larger
than the porcupine found in North America. The different kinds of hair that make up a porcupine’s coat makes
the animal look larger and heavier than it actually is. Soft fluffy hair forms a thick layer all over the animal, and
long hairs in the coat, called guard hairs, help the porcupine stay dry. The guard hairs look like thin quills.
However, the real quills are special hairs with sharp, barbed ends that are difficult to remove. A porcupine has
about 30,000 quills that grow all over its body except for its snout, ears and underbelly. Porcupines cannot
‘shoot ’or throw their quills, as is sometimes believed. Most of the time, the quills lie flat, but if a porcupine feels
threatened, they spring up and point out in all directions. Porcupines regularly shed and regrow new quills.
Porcupines have long whiskers which help the animals feel their way around at night and in dark environments.
Even in daylight, their small eyes cannot see very well, but their senses of smell and hearing are highly developed.
Sharp claws, pebbly-soled feet and a bristly tail help porcupines climb trees, which provide tasty bark, leaves
and buds, and a safe place to sleep. The porcupines at Bear Country U.S.A. are provided freshly cut trees
regularly to keep up with their constant climbing and gnawing habits, thanks, Jolenel

Articles sent to Animal Keepers ’Forum will be reviewed by the editorial staff for publication. Articles of a
research or technical nature will be submitted to one or more of the zoo professionals who serve as referees
for AKF. No commitment is made to the author, but an effort will be made to publish articles as soon as
possible. Lengthy articles may be separated into monthly installments at the discretion of the editor. The
editor reserves the right to edit material without consultation unless approval is requested in writing by the
author. Materials submitted will not be returned unless accompanied by a stamped, self-addressed,
appropriately-sized envelope. Telephone, fax or email contributions of late-breaking news or last-minute
insertions are accepted as space allows. Phone 785-273-9149; FAX (785) 273-1980; email is
akfeditor@zk.kscoxmail.com< If you have questions about submission guidelines,please contact the Editor.

Deadline for each regular issue is the 10th of the preceding month.
Dedicated issues may have separate deadline dates and will be noted by the editor.

Articles printed do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the AKF staff or the American Association of Zoo
Keepers, Inc. Publication does not indicate endorsement by the Association.

Items in this publication may be reprinted providing credit to this publication is given and a copy of the
reprinted material is forwarded to the editor. If an article is shown to be separately copyrighted by the
author(s), then permission must be sought from the author(s). Reprints of material appearing in this journal
may be ordered from the editor. Back issues are available for $4.00 each. Special issues may cost more.

E-Mail Addresses:

You may reach Barbara Manspeaker at AAZK Administrative Offices at: aazkoffice(@zk.kscoxmail.com<
You may reach Susan Chan and Animal Keepers ’Forum at: akfeditor@zk.kscoxmail.com<

Mailing Address:

AAZK, Inc., 3601 SW 29th St., Suite 133, Topeka, KS 66614-2054

AAZK website Address: www.aazk.org
BFR Website: http://aazkbfr.org

2 Animal Keepers’ Forum, Vol. 35, No. 1

From the Editor

Welcome to 2008, the 35“’ year of continuous publication for Animal Keepers’ Forum, and the
beginning of my 27“’ year as Managing Editor. I wanted to take this opportunity to thank all those
who help to make the Forum a continually evolving publication for all those in the zoo field. My
appreciation goes out to Associate Editors Kayla Grams, Mark de Denus and Jolene Hansen
for their assistance and advice. Special thanks to Jolene for putting together the 2007 Index you
will find at the back of this issue. I would like to thank the individuals who coordinate the various
columns seen monthly in the journal: Bill Baker ~ Reactions; Rachel Denault ~ Enrichment Options;
Angela Binney, Kim Kezer and Jay Pratte ~ ATC - Animal Training Tales; and Becky Richendollar
and Greg Me Kinney ~ Conservation/Legislative Update. Their efforts help provide our members
with valuable information on enrichment, animal training, crisis management and current conservation
and legislative issues. I would also like to thank all those who have submitted manuscripts for
inclusion in the pages of AKF. Your willingness to share your expertise, research and experiences
provides all AAZK members with a vast amount of information they can apply to their daily routines.
Finally, I would like to thank those individuals who have translated their passion about wildlife and
animal keeping into the outstanding covers you see on the journal each month.

In response to the results of the Membership Survey that was taken, we will be making a few
changes to the AKF. Because of the overwhelming interest expressed in information on enrichment
and animal training, we will now be running both the Enrichment Options and the ATC -Animal
Training Tales columns on a monthly basis. The Reactions column will now be published on a
quarterly basis and readers are encouraged to submit their questions for this column. Conservation/
Legislative Update will continue on a monthly basis, but may be shortened in length depending on
space constraints. At the direction of the AAZK Board, Chapter News will no longer appear as a
regular feature, but will be published electronically on the AAZK website (www.aazk.org) and in
INSIGHT, the monthly electronic newsletter for AAZK Chapters.

We will plan to publish AKF 12 times a year with an occasional special dedicated issue similar to
the ones previously done on the cheetah, polar bear and crisis management in zoos. Speaking of
which, I hope by the time you are reading this you will have received the combined Nov/Dec 2007
issue of AKF dedicated to Crisis Management in Zoos. Due to circumstances beyond our control,
including the breakdown of a printing press and a ice storm, this issue did not get in the mails as
early as we had originally planned. But we hope that the wealth of information included will have
made it worth the wait. Special thanks to my co-editor for this issue. Bill Baker.

We are moving towards the possibility of using more photographs in AKF and occasionally using
them on the cover in place of cover art. Therefore, we will be opening up a photo library to which
we invite you to submit your best photos. Please look for information on how to submit photos in
the Scoops section in this issue. We will still be using keeper-generated cover art on our covers most
of the time due to the additional expense of four-color printing.

I want to encourage you to make this the year you submit that article you have been planning on
writing — become a part of the information exchange that benefits us all. We are always interested
in hearing your thoughts and opinions on ways we can improve AKF.

Susan Chan, AKF Managing Editor
Animal Keepers’ Forum, Vol. 35, No. 3

Scoops & Scuttlebutt

Because of the combined Nov/Dec issue dedicated to Crisis Management
in Zoos, we have a lot of catching up to do with regular features and
announcements. So here goes

A Final Word from the ’07 Galveston Conference Committee

The 2007 AAZK Conference in Galveston, TX was a great success. Great weather, good food, and
fabulous Texas hospitality abounded. We had 208 delegates from 90 institutions covering three
countries. With over 30 presentations, 1 5 posters, and six workshops there was a lot of information
covered over the week. Many thanks to all our sponsors, exhibitors, and presenters - this conference
would not have been possible without you! Our Chapter of 1 6 dedicated keepers had a “Thriller” of
a time planning for and hosting fellow keepers. Mark your calendars now for next year’s conference
in Salt Lake City, UT 24-28 September 2008. -Conference Committee

And a huge Thank You to all those who helped to make the Galveston Conference one to remember.
Your hard work in planning and carrying out the event is much appreciated!

Conference Proceedings from the Galveston Conference will be available as downloadable pdfs
from the “Member’s Only” section of the AAZK website (www.aazk.org) soon. Watch for
announcement of their availability in AKF and on the home page of the website.

If you had a chance to see the great new AAZK logo fleece zip-front sweatshirts at Galveston, you
will be glad to know they are now available to order from the AAZK website (www.aazk.org). They
are available in navy or black in SM, M, L and Xlg. Look under “New Merchandise Available”.

Reminder to All AAZK Chapters on Recharter Process for 2008

All AAZK Chapters are reminded that re-chartering for all Chapters for 2008 is now underway. Re-
chartering packet information was sent electronically via email to the email address each Chapter
had provided to the Administrative Office in 2007. These were sent out the first week in January
and are due back at AO by 15 February 2008 (with late fees applicable after 1 March 2008). If you
did not receive your re-chartering info via email, contact Barbara Manspeaker immediately by calling
785-273-9149 or emailing her at aazkoffice@.zk.kscoxmail.com< If you have questions about
filling out the required information, give Barbara a call and she will be glad to help you out. Receipt
of re-chartering information from every AAZK Chapter is required as we need to submit certain
information to the Internal Revenue Service in order to protect AAZK’s 501(c)(3) nonprofit status.
Your prompt attention to this matter is greatly appreciated.

AAZK Committee Seeks New Memberjs

The following AAZK Committees are seeking new members:

• Professional Development Committee Member Search

Your Professional Development Committee is seeking two members to join our team. This is a
dynamic and energetic committee focused on providing the best possible resources for professional
continuing education and personal growth within the field of zookeeping.

Anyone interested in joining this team may contact Tammy Schmidt at tschmidt@.peoriazoo.org<

Deadline for application is 20 February 2008.

4 Animal Keepers’ Forum, Vol 35, No. 1

• Animal Training Committee Seeks New Members

Applicants should be Professional members of the American Association of Zoo Keepers, Inc. Desired
qualities include: a demonstrated understanding of animal training techniques, including operant
conditioning; several years of experience training anirhals, preferably in a zoological or aquarium
setting; an ability to communicate effectively and to facilitate learning through writing, workshop
development and implementation. Although it is not required, it is helpful if committee members
are able to attend the annual conference to help facilitate workshops and attend meetings. This
position will include active participation in projects, including writing and resource development.
Institutional support or approval is not mandatory, but is helpful to both the new member and the
committee.

For more information about the Animal Training Committee visit www.aazk.org< Interested keepers
should send a letter of intent and resume to Kim Kezer, committee co-chair, at the email address:
kim@kezer.net< Please use “ATC Member applicant” as the subject line in the email. The deadline
for application is 15 March 2008.

AAZK Announces Venomous Animal Husbandry and Safety Workshop

The American Association of Zoo Keepers’ Professional Development Committee is working on a
two-day, weekend workshop for Venomous Animal Husbandry and Safety, to be held in late April or
early May 2008, in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. A second course may be scheduled
in 2009. This would be a certified course, and continuing education credits may be available. The
cost has not yet been determined, but will be made as affordable as possible. The Committee would
like to poll animal care professionals on their interest in this course. Please respond to Shane Good,
AAZK President, at shane.good@aazk.org by January 20, 2008. Please answer the following
questions in your email reply.

• Are you interested in attending the workshop? If so, 2008 or 2009?

• Are you interested in serving as an instructor at the workshop? If so, 2008 or 2009?

• What subjects would you like to see covered?

• What subjects would you be willing to teach?

Formation of the Nc\y York StatcJZoQ.’s Education and Program Animal Information

Ce^ntcr And Database - Patricipation Encouraged

SEE: http://www.programanimal$online.org/

This searchable, web delivered database provides information regarding the various species of animals
that are currently being used as program or education animals in zoos, aquaria, nature and science
centers and by professional wildlife educators in North America. The goal of the website is to
provide professionals who make use of animals in their educational programming with the information
to make wise choices in developing their program animal collections.

When launched, the database was built from lists of species used as program animals provided by
staff at zoos, aquaria, nature and science centers and professional wildlife educators. The current
list is in no way eomprehensive and individuals will have the ability to enter new species that may
not be found on the list.

A great deal of information regarding each species will be available. The majority of the information
provided is dependent upon users registering and then answering a number of questions regarding
how a particular species is used in programming, perceptions of cost and benefit of a particular
species and other use parameters. Information is also provided regarding taxonomic status,
continent(s) of origin, habitat or biome type and lifestyle parameters.

Animal Keepers’ Forum, Vol. 35, No. 5

At its simplest, a user could search the database to generate a list of species currently used as a
program animal based on a number of search fields (i.e. African mammals or terrestrial invertebrates).
As individuals provide input regarding their experience with the species, users will be able to review
this information to determine if the species meets their needs or abilities.

Individuals within the Zoo and Aquarium fields are encouraged to input data. Providing data is not
limited to one representative per institution, but all individuals with experience with a species are
encouraged to enter data (i.e. Animal Husbandry Staff, Education Department staff, etc.). The more
individuals providing information, the more valuable the database will be.

If you have questions, please contact Alexander Santa Croce at asantacr47@hotmail .com

This and That

A big Thank You to the members of the Columbus AAZK Chapter for their donation of $500.00 to
the General Operating Fund of the Association. We greatly appreciate their commitment and support.

► Mark your calendars now for The Ninth International Conference on Environmental Enrichment.
It will be held 31 May thru 5 June 2009 in Torguay, Devon, UK. For more information about
sponsorship of the event or having exhibit space please contact Julian Chapman at
julian.chapman@.paigntonzoo.org.uk<

► Proceedings from the 2007 BIERZ Conference are now available to download at http://
www.bearkeepers.net/BlERZS2007ProgramandProceedings.pdf It will also be available on the Polar
Bears International websitehttp://www.polarbearsintemational.org/

If you wish to purchase a hard copy of the Proceedings, please contact Proceedings Editor Gail
Hedberg: gailh@sfzoo.org

► Checklist of Chelonians of the World by Uwe Fritz & Peter Havas in Vertebrate Zoology 57(2):
149-368. This checklist is based on the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN 1999)
and provides a complete synonymy of generic and species-group names of reeent ehelonian species
as published until 3 1 December 2006, including taxa exterminated in historie times. A gratis PDF of
this article is available from the Center for North American Herpetology PDF Library at http://
www.cnah.org/cnah_pdfasp

ATTENTION PHOTOGRAPHERS ! !

We would like to begin putting together a library of photographs to be utilized in Animal Keepers ’
Forum either as an occasional four-color cover or in conjunction with material inside the journal.
We plan to gather this photo library electronically in jpg or tif formats. Past President Denise
Wagner will be gathering and organizing this photo archive and photographers interested in
submitting photos should send them to her at denise.wagner@aazk.org< Photos should be high
resolution and in either jpg or tif format. When sending, please include common and scientific
name of species featured in photo. Please put “Photo Library” in the subject line. Each photo
must be accompanied by a Photo Release Form that is available on the AAZK website
(www.aazk.org). You may submit the form electronically to Denise or print it out, obtain required
signatures and send by regular mail to Susan Chan, AAZK, Inc., 3601 SW 29'*' St., Suite 133,
Topeka, KS 66614-2054 Attn: photo release.

AAZK, Inc. does not pay for photographs, but will give appropriate photo credit to individual
photographers and/or institutions whenever a photo is utilized and a copy of the AKF issue in
which the photograph appears will be sent to the photographer and/or institution.

6 Animal Keepers’ Forum, Vol. 35, No. 1

Coming Events

2008 Gorilla Workshop - January 23-27, 2008 -
Hosted by Disney’s Animal Kingdom and the Brevard
Zoo in Orlando, FL. For more information see
2008GorillaWorkshop.com, or call Beth Armstrong at
(614) 506-7368 or Rachel Daneault at (407) 938-2337.

2nd Annual Tree Kangaroo Workshop - February
15-17, 2008 - Hosted by the Dallas World Aquarium.
Registration: $100, includes most meals and materials.
For more information contact: Jacque Blessington, TK-
SSP Coordinatorjacsprat65@aol.com

3rd Annual Aquatic Medicine Seminar - February
22-24, 2008 - In Las Vegas, NV. The program consists
of two full days of lecture on a wide range of aquatic
animal health and medicine topics with an emphasis
one elasmobranchs. In addition, there is a “wet lab”
on day three that provides a “hands-on” learning
experience. For additional information please contact
Jack Jewell at (9702) 632-4560 or email
jjewell@mandalaybay.cQm<

2008 lAATE Annual Conference - March 5-8, 2008
- In Holland, The Netherlands. Join lAATE on An
International Migration. It’s not too early to start
planning to attend the 1 6th annual lAATE Conference
hosted by Voglepark Avifauna in Holland, The
Netherlands. The 2008 lAATE Conference will provide
a wonderful opportunity to learn more about strides in
avian training, show content, educational messaging,
equipment making, enrichment, animal management,
avian health and welfare from the leading authorities
in the industry. Pre- and Post-Conference Trips to
several European facilities and tourist destinations
including Artis Zoo, Falconiformes breeding center,
Blijdorp-Rotterdam Zoo, Bird Park Walsrode, Van
Gogh Museum and the Anne Frank house are all on
the agenda. For more information visit
www.IAATE.org <http://www.iaate.org/> and start
planning your International Migration!

l&l International Wildlife Reintroduction

Conference - April 15-16, 2008 - In Chicago, IL. To
be hosted by the lUCN/SSC Reintroduction Specialist
Group (RSG) and Lincoln Park Zoo. The theme of the
conference will be “Reintroduction Programs:
Applying Science to Conservation”. Registration is
limited to 275 participants. More information about
the conference theme and topics is available at the
website http://www.reintroduction.org

Animal Behavior Management Alliance (ABMA)

Conference - April 27 - May 3, 2008 - In Phoenix,
AZ. Hosted by the Phoenix Zoo, Arizona-Sonora
Desert Museum, Reid Park Zoo, and Wildlife World
Zoo. The mission of the ABMA is to advance animal
behavior management, including training and
enrichment, in order to enhance the husbandry and

welfare of animals. The 2008 conference keynote
speaker is Dr. Temple Grandin, and the conference
includes paper and poster presentations, discussion
groups, and workshops on topics including Animal
Training 101, Behavioral Enrichment, and Advanced
Training Concepts. Remember that AAZK members
can receive the discounted members registration rate
for the ABMA conference! For more information
please visit www.theabma.org or contact ABMA 1st
Vice President Raquel Gardner at rgardner@thephxzoo.com

Australasian Society of Zoo Keepers(ASZK)

Conference - May 23-25, 2008 - At Sydney Academy
of Sports, Narrabeen, Sydney, NSW Australia. Contact
www.aszk.org.au or eo@aszk.org.au

International Primatological Society XXII

Congress - August 3-8, 2008 - Edinburgh, Scotland.
Online registration is now live. Please click on http://
www.ips2008.co.uk/Registration.html to register to
attend this exciting congress.

Otter Keeper Workshop - October 9-12, 2008 -
Hosted by the Oakland Zoo in Oakland, CA. The focus
of the workshop will be North American river otters
and Asian small-clawed otters. Keepers of other
species are welcome to attend. Topics will include:
captive management issues, enrichment, training,
water quality, health care, nutrition, diet, hand-
raising, exhibit design, lots of sharing of information
between keepers. Registration deadline is February
15, 2008. Class size is limited to 20. For more
information, contact David Hamilton- call 585-336-
2502 or emaildhamilton@monroecounty,gov<

Seventh International Aquarium Congress -

October 19-24, 2008 - To be held in Shanghai, China.
The theme is “Progress & Conservation: The Role of
Aquariums in Protecting the Aquatic Environment”.
Main discussion sections include: Conservation and
Education, Husbandry and Management, and Progress
and Advances. For further information, please contact
the lAC Secretariat Office: email - Secretariat@iac2008.cn
Phone: 86-21-54065152; Fax 86-21-54065150. See the
conference website at www.iac2008.cn

Post Your Coming Events Here
email to: akfeditor@zk.kscoxmail.com

Animal Keepers ’Forum, Vol. 35, No. 7

F rom the P PGsidenT

It is now 2008, and with each new year comes resolutions, the
promise of new beginnings, and the occasion for new
achievements. It is an exciting year for AAZK members,
considering:

• Bowling for Rhinos has become bigger and better than ever,
and this year we will surpass the $3 million mark in funds raised
for rhino conservation.

• Chapters and zoos will be observing both Year of the Polar
Bear and Year of the Frog. No matter which icon you choose,
2008 will be the Year of Climate Change Awareness. With it

comes the opportunity to educate millions, save not only species but entire ecosystems, and
quite possibly save our own species from self-destruction.

• The commitment of our Chapters has allowed AAZK, Inc. to reverse its financial crisis
and progress into improving the Association. The new year should bring the Association
improvements to the Animal Keepers’ Forum, an enhanced website, including a member’s
only section loaded with free and easily accessible information, new committees, more
benefits to members, expanded opportunities in professional development, and further
development of our Association as a leader in professional animal care and conservation.

AMERICAN

ASSOCIATION
of ZOO KEEPERS

One thing that will be new in 2008 is the format of my Letter from the President. The new format
could appear as just about anything, such as an essay on a specific topic in animal care or conservation,
a challenge to the membership, or a haiku on the existential meaning of being a zookeeper. Whatever
the format, the goal will remain to increase and improve the dialogue between AAZK members and
your President. I can be reached at shane.good@aazk.org. Send me your thoughts, comments,
ideas, and concerns. Have a safe, healthy, and happy new year. Until next time, here’s my

Top 5 suggested New Year’s Resolutions for AAZK Members

1 . If your institution does not have an AAZK Chapter, be the leader who starts one.

2. Start an AAZK membership drive at your zoo.

3. Resolve to try a new fundraiser, a new conservation project, or education project.

4. Consider a strategic planning session for your Chapter. What do you want from AAZK
in the next year, in the next five years? More fundraising, more hands-on conservation
work, more educating the public, more professional development opportunities for your
Chapter members, more networking opportunities? Make a plan and make it happen.

5. Have FUN, in every aspect of your life. In AAZK, and all of your personal,
professional, and academic endeavors.

Shane Good, AAZK President
shane.good@aazk.org

8 Animal Keepers 'Forum, Vol. 35, No. 1

AAZK Announces
New Members

Debi Willoughby, Jungle Encounters (MA);
Jeffrey Taylor, no zoo listed Brookline, MA;
Laura Isaacs, Roger Williams Park Zoo (RI);
Mary Gremier, Bronx Zoo (NY); Melissa
Katzenback, Staten Island Zoo (NY); Katrina
Guariglia, Buffalo Zoo (NY); Annemarie Ferric,
Turtleback Zoo (NJ); Eric Morgan, Cohanzick
Zoo (NJ); Grant Kemmerer, Nemacolin
Woodland Resort (PA); James Lotz, Lehigh
Valley Zoo (PA); Samantha Nestor,
Philadelphia Zoo (PA); Paige Strum, The
Maryland Zoo (MD); Rebecca Miller, no zoo
listed Bethesda, (MD); Dawn Lenhardt,
Maymount Foundation (VA); Claire
Dubuisson, Mill Mountain Zoo (VA); Kimberly
Clark, The Natural Science Center (NC); Kurt
Kreinheder, Wild Adventures (GA); Tenielle
Welch, Emerald Coast Wildlife Refuge (FL);
Monica Hoffine, Lemur Conservation
Foundation (FL); Danielle LeBlanc, Lion
Country Safari (FL); James Grant and Jill Piltz,
Disney’s Animal Kingdom (FL); Tessa
Lackland, Theater of the Sea (FL); Marla
Tackett, Miami Metro Zoo (FL); Jennifer
MacNaughton, Busch Gardens (FL); Michael
Cover, Palm Beach Zoo at Dreher Park (FL);
Jeanette Daniel, The Memphis Zoo &
Aquarium (TN); Allison Hargett, Knoxville
Zoo (TN); Nancy Hehre, Hattiesburg Zoo
(MS); Jerry Dillon, Krista Jacobson and Kelly
Trimble Audubon Zoo (LA); Robin Foley,
BREC’s Baton Rouge Zoo (LA); Loretta
Manning, Mesker Park Zoo (IN); Al;ycia Darst,
C. Drew Foster and Shannon Layne, Lincoln
park Zoo (IL); Cassandra Kutilek-Douglas,
Cosley Zoo (IL); John V. Matuszek and
Cassandra Harbour, Brookfield Zoo (IL);
Ashley Englehart, Indianapolis zoo (IN);
Sharon Reilly, International Crane
Foundation (WI); Kyle Cooke, Cricket Hollow
Zoo (lA); Justin Thompson, Oklahoma City
Zoo (OK); Wayne Edwards, Oklahoma
Wildlife Preserve (OK); Christopher Coleman,
Cheyenne Mountain Zoo (CO); Dave Berkley,
Texas State Aquarium (TX); Abbi Davis and
Ashley Poloha, Moody Gardens (TX);
Catherine Plaeger, San Antonio Zoo (TX);
Christina Goulart and Stephanie Edling Phoenix
Zoo (AZ); Rebecca Bates, Tracy Aviary (UT);
Heather Ann Phillips, Willow Park Zoo (UT);
Lauren Whittemore and Rhonda Rhoades Los

Angeles Zoo (CA); Donna Sweet and Linda
King, San Diego Zoo (CA); California members
not listing a zoo affiliation - Kelly A. Suarez (San
Gabriel); Lori A. Gallo (San Diego); Wendy
Ricker (Yorba Linda); Lorraine Levy
(Haywood); Richard Holub (San Leandro);
Ashley Camp (Calabasas); Kelly Salamone (San
Diego); and Debbie Richardson (Big Bear Lake);
Melissa Monahan, High Desert Museum (OR);
Christina Sagadraca, Hyatt Regency Maui
(HI); Heather Kalka, Hollie Ross and Lisa
Termini, Toronto Zoo (Ont., Canada); Serena
Boz, Discovery Wildlife Park (AB, Canada);
Ashley Kirk, Bowmanville Zoo (Ont.,
Canada); Canadian members not listing a zoo
affiliation - Shelley Turner (Loretto, Ont.) and
Stefanie MacEwan (Bowmanville, Ont.)

Renewing Contributing Members

William H. Disher, Volunteer
San Diego Zoo & Wild Animal Park
San Diego, CA

John Rowden

Central Park Zoo, New York, NY

Steve H. Taylor, Director
Cleveland Metroparks Zoo
Cleveland, OH

(New Members continued on next page )

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Bill & Marcia Brant

12921 SW 1st Rd., Ste 107,
PBM #434
Jonesville, FL 32669

(352) 495-9024
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e-mail: GrmtRodent@aol.com

Animal Keepers’ Forum, Vol. 35, No. 9

New Contributing Members
Donald E. Moore III, Ph.D.
Associate Director, Animal Care
National Zoological Park, Washington, DC

Nancy Carpenter, DVM
Hogle Zoo, Salt Lake City, UT

Renewing Institutional Members

The Buffalo Zoological Gardens
Buffalo, NY

White Oak Conservation Center
Yulee, FL

Boonshoft Museum of Discovery
Dayton, OH

Erie Zoo, Erie, PA

Dickerson Park Zoo
Springfield, MO

Omaha’s Henry Doorly Zoo
Omaha, NE

Ellen Trout Zoo
Lufkin, TX

Gordon Henley, Director

San Diego Zoo
San Diego, CA
Richard Farrar, Director

Rosamond Gifford Zoo at Burnet Park
Syracuse, NY

Palm Beach Zoo
W. Palm Beach, FL

Keith Lovett, Director of Living Collections

Nashville Zoo
Nashville, TN

Cleveland Metroparks Zoo
Cleveland, OH
Steve Taylor, Director

Milwaukee County Zoo
Milwaukee, WI
Chuck Wikenhauser, Director

St. Paul’s Como Zoo
St. Paul, MN

Henson Robinson Zoo
Springfield, IE

International Exotic Feline Sanctuary
Boyd, TX

Houston Zoo, Houston, TX
Rick Barongi, Director

Rainforest & Aquarium at Moody Gardens
Galveston, TX

Santa Barbara Zoo
Santa Barbara, CA
Rich Block, Executive Officer

The Gorilla Foundation
Redwood City, CA
Penny Patterson, Director

Chimps, Inc.

Bend, OR

Lesley Day, Director

Michigan State University
East Lansing, MI

New Institutional Members

Beardsley Zoo
Bridgeport, CT
Don Goff, General Curator

Columbian Park Zoo
Lafayette, IN

Claudine Laufman, Director

Black Pine Animal Park
Albion, IN

WNC Nature Center
Asheville, NC
Bob Fay, Animal Curator

Wild Adventures Valdosta EEC
Valdosta, GA

Big Cat Rescue
Tampa, FL

America’s Teaching Zoo at Moorpark College
Moorpark, CA

New Commercial Member
Krieger Publishing Company
Melbourne, FL

(Note: Director and/or CEO names are listed only
where they have been included on membership
application. Ed. )

10 Animal Keepers’ Forum, Vol. 35, No. 1

19 II if S A\§ l9D¥iR§i AS
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Animal Keepers’ Forum, Vol. 35, No. 11

SBCond Call

For Papers & Posters

Deadline for abstracts: 1 May 2008
Deadline for papers: 15 July 2008

Our guiding theme for the 2008 conference, “Elevating Animal Care”, will focus on concepts
that highlight professionalism, creativity and initiative in the realm of conservation,
education and animal husbandry. Animal care professionals from all related fields are
encouraged to submit high quality, original topics for consideration. Abstracts will be
accepted for three presentation types:

• Papers

Standard papers typically represent a summary of innovative techniques, achievements or approaches
to animal care, welfare, conservation, education or research. Authors will be expected to give a 15-
minute presentation on the relevance and practical application of their topic.

• Posters

Accepted posters will be displayed during the conference, therefore the topic should be suitable for
visual presentation. Authors will discuss their work with conference delegates during the designated
poster presentation session.

• Workshops

Workshops allow practical presentation and discussion of concepts relevant to animal care
professionals. Workshop organizers should outline a list of group leaders, a summary of the theme &
significance, format of discussion, expected number of participants and length of workshop.

Abstracts should be no longer than 300 words and should include in detail the significance
of the topic being presented along with results, conclusions and benefits of the work
described. Poorly written abstracts, those that do not contain proper information or do not
otherwise meet submission criteria will not be considered.

All abstracts should include the following information:

• Full name of presenter & co-authors

• Institution/Affiliation

• Position or title

• Title (specify paper, poster or workshop)

• Short bio of yourself for introduction

• A/V needs

• Contact information, including email address

Submit abstract by 1 May 2008 in Microsoft Word via email to utahaazk@hoglezoo.org.
Authors will receive an email confirmation upon receipt of their abstract. Authors will then
be notified regarding acceptance by 1 June 2008. M final and complete papers must be
received by 15 July 2008 in order to be included in the program.

For more information, please visit our website www.utahaazk.org

You can also contact us at: Utah Chapter AAZK 2600 Sunnyside Avenue Salt Lake City, UT.
84108 (801) 584-1784 Email: utahaazk@hoglezoo.org

12 Animal Keepers’ Forum, Vol. 35, No. I

EO Editor - Rachel Daneault, Disney s Animal Kingdom

Asiatic Black Bear Enrichment Program, 2007
Lincoln Park Zoo, Manitowoc, WI

By Elizabeth Gass, Summer Zoo Intern
Lincoln Park Zoo, Manitowoc, WI

Traditionally, municipal zoos work with limited full-time personnel and possess little or no resources
for performing enrichment programs. Lincoln Park Zoo was founded in 1935 and the facility has
been upgraded several times over the years. The last major renovation took place in 1991 beginning
a transition from concrete edifices to exhibits that create more natural settings for a wide variety of
animals. The newest addition was an aviary that opened in June 2007. To embrace progress, my
project during the summer of 2007 was to provide enriehment opportunities for the Asiatie black bear
{Ursus thibetanus), also known as the Tibetan or Himalayan black bear, in addition to learning more
about the care and maintenanee of all the zoo animals and publie edueation.

The Asiatic black bear is a medium sized, sharp-clawed, black-eolored bear with a distinetive white/
cream “v” marking on the chest. It is a close relative to the American black bear {Ursus americanus),
but has a higher intelligence level making Asiatic black bears more dangerous. The geographic range
is commonly Iran to Japan with habitats in higher altitude brush and moist deeiduous forests. They are
good swimmers and tree climbers constructing nesting platforms made of leaves and broken or bent
branches. They grow approximately 130 to 190 cm in length. A male commonly weighs between 110
and 150 kg and a female weighs between 65 to 90kg. The bear’s life span is around 25 years in the
wild and 33 years in captivity. The feeding strategy is omnivorous with mass variety eonsumption of
fruit, berries, grasses, seeds, nuts, invertebrates, honey and meat. Meat composes a small portion of
the diet.

The current blaek bear exhibit needed work so that enrichment opportunities could take place. Located
in the exhibit was a 8' x 20' x 6' deep pool for the bears to swim and play, logs that were placed in
various locations within the exhibit, and stumps that were left cut about 8 feet in the air. Enrichment
was implemented through a limited number of speeial events using the bear’s diets as a means for
them to find “treats”. Behaviorally, these bears lounged and paeed around the exhibit. In light of
current conditions, four planning sessions took place between the Zoo Board, the Zoological Society,
and Zoo staff to diseuss updates to the bear exhibit and plans for an enrichment program from January
to April 2007.

As a summer intern, I proposed the project dealing with the Asiatic black bears to the Director of
Parks and Recreation and the Curator of Animals. With the guidance of the Curator of Animals, I was
able to establish an enrichment routine and integrate improvements to the exhibit. The main behavior
goal for the bears was to stimulate and make their environment ‘enriehing’. My proposed enrichment
plan consisted of environmental, dietary, novel, and social categories. Environmentally, I decided to
build a sturdy jungle gym with deck brush handles attaehed for rubbing, construct a firehose hammock
that hangs underneath the jungle gym, add a tractor tire hammoek, create a sandbox area, and re-
establish logs for climbing and/or clawing. My rationale for a jungle gym was to allow the bears to be
more aetive and experiment with their environment.

Animal Keepers ’Forum, Vol. 35, No. 13

The Milwaukee County Zoo aided with this project by providing me details for their bear exhibit.
The jungle gym was constructed out of cedar logs and the dimensions are 7 ft. by 5 ft. with extending
ladders on both 5 ft. sides. Dietary enrichment deals with foraging for edible items and making the
animals do the work for their food instead of placing it in front of them. Different pastes were used
and hidden within the habitat. Berry paste was made with berries, Jell-0® and oatmeal then chilled
overnight. It was then hidden in or under logs for the bears to find. Another dietary enrichment idea
I had involved popsicles. Researching the literature on these bears I found that fruit, veggies, or fish
that were frozen block forms of ice were intriguing to these animals. This activity appeared to be a
favorite of the bears and was used extensively within the exhibit. Other dietary possibilities included
Jell-0® treats, cooked eggs, or raw eggs.

Social or training enrichment consisted of sound and scent devices while novel or maniputable
enrichment included placing barrels in the yard, putting bowling balls in the exhibit to move, placing
plain blocks of ice in the pool, as well as hanging a firehose for the bears to play with, and rearranging
the logs. For social enrichment, lemon and lime juice, wolf fur, catnip, ginger, and vanilla were used
for olfactory stimulation. These items were placed randomly around the exhibit for the bears to hide.
Items that the bears would not consume were chosen in order for there to be a more definite difference
between dietary and social enrichment. Generally, the female bear was the first one to find all the
items and the male generally followed her around. However, after the enrichment program had been
in place for a while, the male bear would look for items on his own. Firehose animals and rings were
constructed to provide novel enrichment. Basically, the firehose was woven into a general animal
shape and into a ring and placed in the exhibit with the bears. Both bears were very active in this
enrichment activity and would move their “claimed item” around the exhibit in order to keep the other
bear away.

The 246 Rule, borrowed from Utah’s Hogle Zoo*, was used to apply black bear enrichment as a
structural enrichment regulation. Every two days an enrichment practice was carried out with the
exception of environmental practices for no more than two consecutive days. Additionally, enrichment
items were not used more than four times a month. To involve visitors, a sign indicating the date and
time of enrichment was placed outside the exhibit. A devised animal enrichment log was used to
record the date, enrichment item/use, and the description/comments each time. However, before
enrichment could begin all procedures were proposed to the Curator of Animals and it was recommended
that an enrichment evaluation be filed. As for documentation of the environmental enrichment,
behavioral documentation was taken before and after to tell if the enrichment was effective.

In conclusion, before the program began the Asiatic black bears would lounge around and not maintain
a consistent level of activity. Essentially, they would pace back and forth, lie on the logs, or lie in the
den area where visitors barely could view them. After implementing this program, the bears would
maintain a consistent activity level with habitual behaviors such as foraging and climbing. During
enrichment activities the female bear would search for the items and the male bear would follow her.
The male bear participated on his own after a few enrichment activities. Also, the female bear
became more outgoing and less submissive to the male bear. For example, when ice blocks were
given as an enrichment item she would not allow the male bear to take hers.

After numerous hours of watching the bear’s behavior, the staff and I believe the project was successful.
Both bears still lay around, however the time spent doing so has been minimized because of the new
enrichment practices. The bears seem to enjoy searching for the items and participating in the activities
and are standing more upright which is a normal behavior in their natural habitat. Many visitors like
seeing the bears participate in the activities and have commented on their “new home”. Overall, it was
an outstanding experience and everything has been left in place for enrichment to continue and has
even sparked the staff at Lincoln Park Zoo to start enrichment programs with other animals at the
facility.

* Enrichment Notebook Third Edition. Produced by AAZK, Inc. Enrichment Committee. Copyright
2004 American Association of Zoo Keepers (AAZK), Inc. ISBN: 1-929672-1 1-X. Chapter 4 -
Enrichment Fonns.

14 Animal Keepers’ Forum, Vol. 35, No. 1

The Asiatic black bears testing out
the newly established jungle gym.

The Asiatic black bears playing
with the firehose hammock added
to the jungle gym.

The female bear (in front) searches
through the firehose “animal” by
pulling it apart. In back, the male
bear smells and moves around the
firehose ring.

(Photos provided by the author)

(Ideas appearing in this column have not necessarily been tested by the editors for safety considerations. Always
think ahead and use good judgement when trying new ideas. You are invited to submit material for the Enrichment
Options Column. Look in the January 2004 issue of AKF for guidelines for articles acceptable for this column ’s
format or contact the editor at akfeditor@zk.kscoxmail.com for a copy of the guidelines. Drawings and photos of
enrichment are encouraged. Send to: AKF/Enrichment, 3601 SJV 29th St., Suite 133, Topeka, KS 66614-2054,
USA. Eds.)

Animal Keepers’ Forum, Vol. i5, No. 15

Get Involved!

The AAZK National Enrichment Committee is seeking
new members to join our team!

We are looking for enthusiastic, professional keepers with a specialized
interest in enrichment theory, techniques and application to help drive the
activities of this fun, interactive group. Creativity, forward-thinking and
innovation are key attributes for committee members. Your ideas can help
create our future!

The Enrichment Committee actively participates in the AAZK Annual
Conference, is responsible for the Enrichment Options column in the Animal
Keeper’s Forum and contributes content to the AAZK website. We also
work on specialized projects that further our mission of providing quality
enrichment resources to the professional animal keeper.

Candidates Must:

• Be a Professional Member of AAZK National

• Be a Full-time employee of a facility housing an animal collection

• Be directly involved in daily animal care.

• Have full institutional support for participation in committee
projects and conference attendance

• Have access to a computer

Desired Qualifications:

• Proven leadership in enrichment-related activities.

• Creative, productive with good follow-through.

• Experience with public speaking and a willingness to participate in
open forum discussions at conferences

If interested, please send a letter of intent and a resume

via e-mail to:

Amy Burgess, Chair, AAZK Enrichment Committee
Amy.E.Burgess@Disney.com
407-938-2824

DEADLINE for Applications is FEBRUARY 10, 2008

Upon receipt of resume, a Memorandum of Patricipation, outlining the time
commitment, will be sent to the applicant to be signed by the candidate’s
supervisor, as a show of institutional support.

16 Animal Keepers’ Forum, Vol. 35, No. 1

Hand-Rearing 1.1 Asian Small-clawed Otter

(Amblonyx cinereus)

21 February 2007 through 2 July 2007

By Terry D. Webb, Curator of Mammals
Miami MetroZoo, Miami, FL

Introduction

Captive conditions and husbandry at times are challenging for species that require extreme privacy
for successful reproduction. Infanticide and/or cannibalism have been observed in captive and wild
animals, including carnivores.

Hand-rearing is not recommended as an elective process for various reasons. In almost all cases, the
philosophy of the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) managers is for the offspring of captive-
born species to be parent-reared. At times this goal cannot be reached. When an animal requires
hand-rearing it is very important to have a clear and well-planned course of action for all staff. The
dietary, medical, and social needs of the species must be included in the hand-rearing protocols.

In 2005 the Asian Small Clawed (ASC) Otter Species Survival Plan® recommended that a pair of
ASC Otter breed at Miami MetroZoo, in Miami, FL, United States. Both the sire and the dam were
parent-reared. The sire was two and the dam was five years old at this time. The pair had not had an
opportunity to breed before this recommendation.

In November 2005 they produced their first litter and the pups were missing and presumed
cannibalized on Day Two after delivery. They produced another litter in May 2006 and again on
Day Two the pups were missing. Management and protocols were discussed following this litter. It
was decided that strict visitation and husbandry restrictions should be put into place approximately
two weeks prior to the expected delivery date.

In August 2006 a third litter was bom and cannibalized on Day Two. At this time management made
the decision that any further litters with this pair would be pulled for hand-rearing as soon as the
birth occurred. On 21 Febmary 2007, this pair had two pups and they were pulled for hand-rearing
as soon as they were discovered.

Initial Discoveries

The pups were clean and dry at the time of
discovery. Both pups had bite wounds to the head,
muzzles, abdomen and the female had blood in
her urine. They were both given a complete
physical evaluation and determined to be in good
health. The umbilicus area was cleaned with
betadine solution, they were given antibiotic
injections, confirmed sex, and placed in an
incubator at a temperature of 26.6° - 32.2°C (80°-
90° F). The pups had a hard time adjusting to the
flow of milk from the nipple and aspirated formula
for approximately eight days before they suckled
well.

At right: One-day-old Asian Small-clawed otter
being bottle fed.

Animal Keepers’ Forum, Vol. 35, No. 17

Medical Treatment

Drug

Ceftiofur PO
Baytril SQ
Fluids SQ
Pedialyte® PO

Feline distemper vaccine at Day 53
Feline rhinotracheitis vaccine Day 64 and 70
Calicivirus vaccine Day 64 and 70
Panleukopenia vaccine Day 64 and 70
Canine distemper Day 70 and Day 97
Rabies vaccine Day 70

Purpose

Preventive

Antibiotic

Hydration

Electrolytes for infants

Preventive

Preventive

Preventive

Preventive

Preventive

Preventive

Diet

Day 1-5

Esbilac® brand, ready to use canned formula for dog pups at ratio of 50:50 to water.
Feed every two hours.

3.0 ml of formula offered at each feeding.

2.0 ml of fat-free yogurt once a day to help curb diarrhea and aid in formula digestion.
A small latex marsupial nipple will be used until further notice.

Day 6-8

Esbilac® changed to
Feed every 2 hours.

4.0 ml per feeding.

Day 8- 21

Feed every 3 hours.

Day 22 - 26

9.0 ml per feeding.

Day 27 -28

10.0 ml per feeding.

Day 29 - 31

12.0 ml per feeding.

Day 32 - 36

14.0 ml per feeding.

Day 37 -38

15.0 ml per feeding.

Day 39

16.0 ml per feeding.

The nipple was changed to human premature infant type, and pups accepted well.

Day 40 - 43

20.0 ml per feeding.

Day 41

Number of feedings reduced from 7 to 6 per day.

Day 44 - 46

22.0 ml per feeding.

Day 47 -50

24.0 ml per feeding.

18 Animal Keepers’ Forum, Vol. 35, No. 1

Day 51 - 84
30.0 ml per feeding.

Day 57

Both exposed to live fish for first time in a pool. The male caught and ate 2 small fish and
the female caught and chewed one fish, but did not consume.

Day 60

Offered lAMS® cat food soaked in formula. The male ate a few pieces and the female
chewed and not did consume.

Day 62

The nipple was changed to high flow nipple, and pups accepted well.

Day 85

Number of feedings reduced from 5 to 4 per day.

Day 96

Number feedings reduced from 4 to 3 per day.

Day no

Number of feedings reduced from 3 to 2 per day.

Day 114

Beginning to lose interest in bottle and showing more interest in solids.

Day 124

Number of feedings reduced from 2 to 1 per day.

Day 130

Last bottle given today, weaned.

Growth Progress

Male

Birth weight = 55.5 grams.

Weaning weight = 2374 grams.

Total gain from birth to weaning = 2318.5 grams.

Average monthly gain from birth to 6 months = 508.1 grams.
Crown-rump length at birth = 9.0 cm.

Crown-rump length at 1 month == 16.0 cm.

Female

Birth weight = 52.6 grams.

Weaning weight = 2336 grams

Total gain from birth to weaning = 2283.4 grams.

Average monthly gain from birth to 6 months = 491.2 grams.
Crown-rump length at birth = 8.5 cm.

Crown-rump length at 1 month = 17.5 cm.

Animal Keepers’ Forum, Vol. 35, No. 19

Developmental Notes

Male

Day 17 R eye open.

Day 20 teeth erupting.

Day 33 L eye beginning to open
Day 35 both eyes eompletely open.

Day 38 no longer require supplemental heat source, thermo-regulating well.

Day 55 first exposure to water, 2 inches deep in small pool, and had no aversion to water and
played in water for 30 minutes.

Day 57 first live fish caught and eaten.

Day 59 no longer need to stimulate, urination and defecation are normal.

Day 91 canine teeth are erupting.

Day 92 eating smelt, live fish, and cat food well.

'Day 103 given access to deep water pool (~2.4 m) and did well.

Day 130 weaned.

Female

Day 20 teeth erupting.

Day 34 both eyes beginning to open.

Day 35 both eyes completely open.

Day 38 no longer require supplemental heat source, thermo-regulating well.

Day 55 first exposure to water, 2 inches deep in small pool, and had no aversion to water and
played in water for 30 minutes.

Day 57 caught first live fish but did not consume.

Day 59 no longer need to stimulate, urination and defecation are normal
Day 70 ate first live fish.

Day 91 canine teeth are erupting.

Day 92 eating smelt, live fish, and cat food well.

Day 103 given access to deep water pool (~2.4 m) and did well.

Day 130 weaned.

Socialization

Fortunately for these two pups they have each other for companionship during the hand-rearing
period. We believe this was beneficial to their well-being and contributed to their physical and
mental development. They were definitely bonded to the keeper staff, but they played with each
other and competed for space in their enclosure when they were not being handled. They are not
planned to be introduced to any adults at this time.

Conclusions

Hand-rearing is difficult, challenging, and labor-intensive, especially during the early stages of the
process. The most challenging aspect of this hand-rearing process was getting the animals to swallow
and not aspirate milk. The animals were very anxious and drank too fast and milk was passed back
through the nasal passages for the first eight days. After this problem passed, the pups grew fast, and
did well with their natural behaviors of swimming, diving, and catching live prey.

Acknowledgements

The Zoological Supervisor, Randall Tucker, Senior Keeper, Tom Condie, keepers. Rue Hewett and
Jennifer Lindsley all did a very good job with following protocols and providing guidance and care
for these otter pups. The senior veterinarian. Dr. Christine Miller, provided clear diet, social, and
medical advice throughout the process. Everyone deserves thanks and appreciation for their efforts.

20 Animal Keepers ’Forum, Vol. 35, No. 1

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CONTEST ENTRY FORM

BOOMER BALL®

Submission of your video, photos, sketches and ideas constitutes permission for Boomer Ball® to use
these in any types of media. Entrants understand, release and agree that all photos, videos, sketches,
and ideas are then fully owned by Boomer Ball*’. All submissions become the property of Boomer
Ball* and will not be returned.

Winners will be announced at the 2008 AAZK Conference in Salt Lake City, UT

• Winner’s List; To receive a list of winners, send a self-addressed, stamped envelope to

Boomer Ball®, P.O. Box 83, Grayslake, IL 60030.

• Customer Service; If you have any questions about our contest, please email us at

info@BoomcrBall.com

• Prize Description; The winner will receive products listed on winner’s list. No substitutions

allowed.

• Winner’s videos, photos, sketches and ideas may appear on our website or in advertising

promotional items where thousands will see your videos, photos, sketches and ideas.

• Entrants wave any and all rights and gives Boomer Ball®' the right to publish same in any medium

or advertising fonnat without benefit of compensation to said entrant.

• Indemnification; You agree to release, indemnify and hold Boomer Ball® harmless from and

against any and all claims, expenses, attorney’s fees, cost and settlement costs, damages, suits,
costs, demands and/or judgement whatsoever made by anyone arising out of (a) the use of videos,
photos, sketches and ideas that you submit; (b) your breach of this agreement.^

All contest videos, photographs, sketches and ideas
must be received by June 30, 2008

Mail to: Boomer Ball®, P.O. Box 83, Grayslake,IL 60030

This form must be signed, dated and returned with each entry by an authorized zoo official or agent.

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The Animal Training Committee Presents

Animal Training Committee AAZK, Inc.

Training Tales Editors - Jay Pratte, Zoo Atlanta;

Kim Kezer, Zoo New England; and Angela Binney, Disney s Animal Kingdom

Hand Injection Training a Margay (Leopardus wiedii)

By Carolyn Mathews-Borak, Carnivore Department
Houston Zoo Inc., Houston, TX

Training goal:

Keepers at the Houston Zoo wanted to condition 1 .0 Margay to voluntarily enter a squeeze device and
remain calm as the space was reduced to access the hip area for an injection. Once this goal was
accomplished, injection training was the final goal. These methods were intended to decrease the
occurrence of stress-like behaviors associated with medical procedures, especially sedation.

Important steps:

1 . Write a shaping plan and get supervisor approval/input.

2. Have the facilities staff build a Margay sized replicated squeeze (We simply used a piece of lexan
[1/4" thick] attached to metal rods which stick through the wire so the trainer can pull or push the
squeeze to the desired distance. It was then mounted on wheels so the panel could be slid in and out.
This was done so the Margay would remain comfortable as the area between the squeeze panel and
wire mesh became smaller as the training progressed. We used clear lexan to allow the Margay to see
through it.

3. Place the squeeze panel in one of the holding cages to begin habituation.

4. Target the Margay into the squeeze. (Target training of the margay was completed previously.)

5. Reinforce him for holding the position with hip next to the cage wire (his hip became more accessible
after several approximations of moving the squeeze in closer to the cage before the training session.
He was reinforced for being calm while in the squeeze.)

6. Desensitize the animal to the presence of the syringe (a pole was used first since we were unsure
how the Margay would react and it is safer to have your hands away from the cage incase he tries to
reach out of the cage with his paws and we later introduced a hand-held syringe). Hold a pole next to
the cage and reinforce calm behavior. Approximate to sticking it into the cage and then touching the
Margay’s hip.

7. Hold pole to hip for 2-5 seconds

8. Touch with increasing pressure with the pole then use a capped syringe and lastly move on to a
syringe with a blunt tipped needle.

9. Finally touch harder with the blunt tip needle in a quick jab like you would when giving a real
injection.

Animal Keepers’ Forum, Vol. 35, No. 21

h :

Timeline Used:

This behavior was trained in three
months.

Tips you learned a long the way:

• Train with people around, or without
so you are prepared for distraction or
absolute quiet. You want the cat to be
able to do the behavior no matter what
is going on around you. Include anyone
else in the training that may help or
actually give the injection.

• Once the behavior was reliably
performed using constant reinforcement,
we found it helpful to use a variable
schedule of reinforcement. For example
we may ask the cat to repeat the behavior twice, bridging each time for a correct behavior, and then give
the food reward. Varying the reward schedule helps prepare the cat to line back up if you only get a partial
dose in the first time.

• This margay was reinforced with his regular diet during the training sessions. Occasionally he was
given a jackpot which was either a larger amount of his regular diet or a preferred food item that is not
received on a routine basis. Some of the jackpot items included egg, goat milk and mice.

ATC Comments:

This Training Tale illustrates the use of environmental manipulation to aid in training. This is not to
confuse traditional use of a ‘squeeze’ device with positive reinforcement training. In this case, the
‘squeeze ’aspect of the crate allows keepers to reduce the size of the crate enough to access the hip of
the margay; however, they used successive approximations and positive reinforcement to achieve the
goal (rather than luring or trapping the animal in the crate and hastily pulling the walls in around it).

The space can be reduced as a training approximation, either before the animal enters or after,
depending on the design of the moving wall. If it can be moved prior to the animal entering, this
eliminates the need to desensitize the cat to the movement aspect. Instead the cat can simply be
trained to enter the restricted space voluntarily and remain calm after it is already comfortable with
the original position of the wall (wide versus narrow).

Because this training involved two goals that are both potentially aversive, it is important to use
successive approximations and to only train one aspect of the behavior at a time. The ‘entering the
crate and remaining calm ’part should be reliably performed on a variable schedule of reinforcement
prior to introducing the injection training. Also, if the animal is expected to position its body in a
particular way (e.g. standing or lying parallel with the mesh without the aid of the wall), this aspect
should be trained after the crating behavior is reliable, but before injection training.

The Houston Zoo keepers have nicely shown that operant conditioning techniques can be used with
traditional restraint devices to create a ‘kinder, gentler ’method of achieving medical goals. The use
of successive approximations and positive reinforcement allows keepers achieve the same goal in a
much calmer fashion (than forced restraint). With continued training, the keepers may find the use of
the ‘squeeze ’aspect of the crate to be unnecessary. The cat may be conditioned to line up close to the
mesh and lay down calmly while an injection is administered.

You are invited to submit material for the Training Tales Column. Look in the November 2006 issue of
AKF for guidelines for entries acceptable for this column ’s format. Drawings or photos of training
are encouraged. Contact Jay Pratte at jpratte@zooatlanta. org for more details or to submit an entry.

22 Animal Keepers’ Forum, Vol. 35, No. 1

2008 Indianapolis Prize Finalists Named

The six finalists for the Indianapolis Prize have been selected and include: Iain Douglas-Hamilton,
Rodney Jackson, K. Ullas Karanth, Laurie Marker, Roger Payne, and George Schaller. Nominated
by their peers, these heroes of animal conservation were chosen for their outstanding achievements
on behalf of endangered species across the globe.

The Indianapolis Prize was initiated by the Indianapolis Zoo as a significant component of its mission
to inspire local and global communities to celebrate, protect, and preserve our natural world through
conservation, education and research. This biennial award brings the world’s attention to the cause
of animal conservation and the brave, talented and dedicated men and women who spend their lives
saving the Earth’s endangered animal species.

“The Indianapolis Prize recognizes animal conservationists who have committed their lives to
ensuring the survival of some of our planet’s most marvelous creatures,” said Michael Crowther,
CEO of the Indianapolis Zoo, the organization that initiated the animal conservation award. “These
are people who are accomplishing real conservation victories.”

The Prize Jury will determine the winner for the 2008 Indianapolis Prize, who will receive $ 1 00,000
and the Lilly Medal at the Indianapolis Prize Gala presented by AES, held September 27, 2008, in
Indianapolis. The Indianapolis Prize was first awarded in 2006 to Dr. George Archibald, co-founder
of the International Crane Foundation.

►► Iain Douglas-Hamilton, Ph.D.: (Save the Elephants) - As president of Save the Elephants, Douglas-
Hamilton’s pioneering study of the social behavior of wild elephants four decades ago in Tanzania
formicd the basis for all subsequent studies.

►► Rodney Jackson, Ph.D.: (Snow Leopard Conservancy) - Jackson, director/founder of the Snow
Leopard Conservancy, did groundbreaking radio-tracking studies of snow leopards and is dedicated
to making native peoples into key players in leopard conservation.

►► K. Ullas Karanth, Ph.D.: (Wildlife Conservation Society) - Senior World Conservation Society
conservation scientist and premier tiger expert, Karanth has championed the cause of tigers through
his groundbreaking work in India, Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia.

►► Laurie Marker, Ph.D.: (Cheetah Conservation Fund) - Marker, founder/executive director of the
Cheetah Conservation Fund, has led a conservation program from humble beginnings in rural Namibia
to an unparalleled model for predator conservation.

►► Roger Payne, Ph.D.: (The Ocean Alliance) - Founder of The Ocean Alliance, Payne has devoted
more than 40 years to the study and protection of whales. His whale song recordings helped launch
the “save the whales” movement.

►► George Schaller, Ph.D.: (Wildlife Conservation Society) - George Schaller, Ph.D., the world’s
preeminent field biologist, has traveled across the globe to work with a variety of species and has
inspired generations of scientists.

Prize Honorary Co-Chairs include: actor Harrison Ford, actress Jane Alexander, Senator Richard G.
Lugar, conservation supporter Roger Sant, AES Corporation founder, author Carl Hiaasen,
philanthropists Christel DeHaan and Bren Simon, and Sidney Taurel, chairman and chief executive
officer, Eli Lilly and Company.

Prize Jury members include Dr. William Conway, senior conservationist. Wildlife Conservation
Society; Dr. Tracy Dobson, professor of fisheries and wildlife services. University of Michigan;
Julie Packard, executive director and vice chairman, Monterey Bay Aquarium; Dr. Stuart Pimm, the
Doris Duke professor of conservation ecology in the environmental sciences and policy division,
Duke University; Dr. Mark Stanley Price, chief executive, Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust; Dr.
Steven Paul, executive vice president for science and technology, Eli Lilly and Company and president
of Lilly Research Laboratories; Paul Grayson, deputy director and senior vice president of
conservation and science, Indianapolis Zoo; and Myrta Pulliam, director of special projects,
Indianapolis Star, past chair of the Board of Trustees, Indianapolis Zoological Society, Inc., and
chair of the Indianapolis Prize.

Animal Keepers’ Forum, Vol. 35, No. 23

The Role of Facilities Departments
in Environmental Enrichment

By Beth Rich, Animal Care Supervisor
Racine Zoo, Racine, WI
Video Librarian & Workshop Instructor
The Shape of Enrichment

From 1-3 October of 2007, 1 was fortunate enough to attend and moderate roundtable sessions at
the Aquarium and Zoo Facilities Association annual conference hosted by the Point Defiance Zoo
and Aquarium in Tacoma, WA. The Aquarium and Zoo Facilities Association, www.AZFA.org, is a
wonderful professional organization of skilled workers who truly keep our zoos and aquariums
functioning and assist animal care departments with keeping our animals happy and healthy.

The subject of my roundtable was the role of facilities departments in zoos and aquariums enrichment
programs. The conference organizers and 1 felt this was a valuable topic because we’ve encountered
frustration from both keepers and facilities workers on the subject of enrichment. I wanted to have
a discussion about how facilities departments fit into a zoo or aquariums enrichment program. I did
not want the discussion to desolve into a complaint session about how keepers are a pain in the rear,
so 1 had several questions to help guide the discussion.

First, I defined environmental enrichment. I then shared that enrichment is required by the USD A
for all non-human primates and is carefully looked at during an AZA accreditation process.
Enrichment improves animal welfare and also meets visitor’s expectations. So how does a facilities
department fit into enrichment? Facilities staff are usually the ones who build, install and maintain
some of our more complex enrichment structures or items. 1 took copious notes and below are the
salient points.

1 . Bring your dream, but be prepared to have it modified. The facilities workers are the ones who
know if that thing you want to build will be structurally sound, if it can actually be mounted into the
wall, how deep you can actually dig the pool, etc.

2. Understand they have demands from other departments, too. Your enrichment project probably
is NOT an emergency. If they tell you that the zoo director has them working on a project, don’t be
surprised if your enrichment project gets put on the back burner. But it’s ok to remind folks.

3. Bring a plan or a diagram to help facilitate communication. One of the great things about
publications like Animal Keepers 'Forum or The Shape of Enrichment is many of the articles have
drawings and designs of the enrichment item. Bring that with you to share when you talk to your
facilities crew.

4. Be prepared to answer two important questions: Do you have a budget for the project? and
What’s the timeline? As a frontline keeper, you may not have the answers to those questions, but
your lead or supervisor may be able to help you.

5. Know your limits and don’t attempt something you are not qualified to do. If your facilities
department cannot get to your project right away and it’s a large, complicated project, such as
building a structure on exhibit, and then you try to do it on your own, they will not be happy. In the
end, they will be the ones who have to modify and secure a potentially dangerous structure.

One of the questions I posed to the group was “Should facilities departments be included in the
enrichment approval process?” Now I know some of you are saying, “We have too many people

24 Animal Keepers’ Forum, Vol. 35, No. 1

involved in the approval process as it is! I don’t want to add another layer of review.” The resounding
response was yes if they were going to be involved. If it’s a matter of getting a new food item or
purchased toy approved, they didn’t feel the need to be included. But if they were going to be
building climbing structures, adding anchors into a wall or building a complex toy, then they wanted
to be included in the process. On the heels of that question was the response to keepers purchasing
materials that facilities departments needed to approve. Animal care staff should not purchase an
untried material until facilities has had a chance to review it. They might also be able to find it
cheaper!

I asked if their home institutions would be open to having facilities departments do some kind of
enrichment building workshop with their keepers. Rather than having to build a PVC feeder for a
keeper and then do the same thing for another keeper six months later, teach the keepers how to do
it themselves. Most participants responded favorably, but a few said they might have union issues.

Other comments that the group shared were the importance of learning the language of facilities. I
asked how keepers could learn and they all recommended assisting with a project. Now you may
not have the time to help with large projects, but if they are doing something for you, make a point
to help and learn.

Keep it simple. Frustration was expressed that keepers would come up with these “crazy ideas
about remote control this or motion-activated that.” While interesting to animal care, these projects
can be a nightmare for facilities workers. Go back to what behavior you want to encourage and if
there is a simpler way to go about achieving that behavior; facilities would much prefer you do that.

Acknowledge the work. I just had two of the facilities workers at the Racine Zoo volunteer to build
our coatis a resting platform in their new exhibit. I’ve thanked them and will be taking photos of the
coatis using the platform to give to them. Cookies work well too! Bridget Dedeke, Director of
Facilities at the Houston Zoo, shared that animal care staff would occasionally bring an animal
ambassador to the facilities morning meeting as another way to say “Thank You”.

I shared information about safety of enrichment and did let them know that animal safety is ultimately
the keeper’s responsibility. But it is always good for everyone involved in the project to ask
themselves: Can this break? If it does break, are the pieces dangerous? Can the animal use it to
escape? Can it damage the enclosure? Are the materials non-toxic, etc.?

But the underlying theme of all the roundtable discussions was COMMUNICATION. It’s important
that we talk to each other, understand the realities of facilities time constraints and work together.

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Animal Keepers’ Forum, Vol. 35, No. 25

REACTIONS

A Question and Answer Forum for the
Zoo Professional on Crisis Management

By William K. Baker, Jr, Director
Abilene Zoo, Abilene, TX

Question

What type of advance preparations do you recommend for
free-contact training work with dangerous animals?

Comments

One of the most challenging aspects of our profession is the management of dangerous animals in
captivity. Taking that a step farther, free-contact training definitely raises the bar a step, not only in
terms of safety but success as well. To be sure there are variations of this training style and it is the
source of much discussion among peers. Still, the basic tenant of this style is a constant, you are in
direct physical proximity to the animal that you are working.

In other words, free-contact training is not a crisis management situation. It is, however, a dangerous
animal situation that could become a crisis if there is an error in training judgment. After having
been an animal trainer myself for many years, I would like to believe that I can see both sides of this
argument. Free-contact training is extremely effective; unfortunately it’s also extremely dangerous.

Having said all of this, the question should be tempered with the comment that every zoological
facility and its staff take a different approach not only to the training aspects of their program, but
the physical training of their staff members as well. With these thoughts in mind, I do believe that it
is possible to make some general and species-specific recommendations.

General Recommendations

• Staff members who are selected and/or hired as trainers should have a stable
temperament and demeanor.

• Trainers and/or handlers should have significant training in the workplace and
specifically with the species they are working.

• At all times staff members should work in pairs.

• During training sessions a fellow trainer should act as a back-up.

• The back-up should always be within physical proximity to the primary trainer during
sessions, (at least 5 meters).

• Only staff members who are involved in the program should be granted access to the
nighthouse, bam, and/or training area on exhibit during training sessions.

• Only staff members actively involved in managing or training should be provided key
access to an area with dangerous animals.

• Maintenance workers should be accompanied at all times by a member of the staff,
specifically one of the trainers in the program.

• When servicing the exhibit and/or nighthouse, trainers should be in line of sight of each
other at all times.

• If either the primary trainer or back-up are unavailable or not in top form due to illness,
stress, or anything that potentially distracts from the session, it should be delayed or
cancelled.

26 Animal Keepers’ Forum, Vol. 35, No. 1

• Training and/or work areas should be well lit.

• All staff members should be equipped with radios.

i

• A substantial first-responder class first aid kit should be on hand or easily accessible.

• Emergency exhibit repair equipment should be on hand in the Area.

Free-contact for Felids

• Choose your training area carefully with an eye towards reducing distractions such as
sharp or high-pitched noises.

• A sign denoting “Training session in progress” should be considered a plus when
decreasing noise or potential interruption by passersby

• Utilize a harness if possible as opposed to a leash for walking behaviors. However,
large pantherids may not be suitable for harnesses and a heavy duty collar and lead may
be the better choice.

• Also, a harness can be an asset in early stages of training. The earlier an introduction of
harness and lead, the greater the degree of success and as a consequence, the level of
control as the specimen advances in age.

• If possible, I recommend training in a large enclosure to ensure a higher level of safety
and negating the need for a lead.

• Always keep your body at a level higher than the felid. Lowering your physical position
lower to the ground in proximity to the cat may trigger the predator-prey response.

Free-contact for Elephants

• Be aware at all times of the physical location of all animals as well as your proximity to
other trainers that are acting in the role of a back-up.

• Always be cognizant of your surrounding environment. Essentially, you need to be not
just three steps ahead when processing environmental factors, but closer to ten steps
ahead. Failure to anticipate can have undesirable results. This is especially true when
taking elephant walks. Expect the unexpected at every step, but temper it with calm
professionalism, not paranoia.

• While this may sound somewhat abstract in nature, cultivate a symbiotic relationship
with your animal charge. Being able to read each other is not only the mark of a good
trainer, but a well-trained animal charge as well.

• Always be prepared to end a session if you as a trainer consider the situation is
degrading. Remember you have nothing to prove, not even to yourself A good trainer
knows when to end on a high note, rather than demanding more or pushing for an
unrealistic resolution. Conversely, if warning flags are starting to go off, remember you
can always revisit the issue in a new session later in the day. Short version, know when
to walk away.

Final Comments

Every trainer needs to find their own personal comfort zone. Remember that if you have a skill, pass
it on to the next generation. At my last facility I had the privilege to work with a truly remarkable
trainer. She has since left the States to work with Asian elephants in Australia and I have every
confidence that she will pass on what she learns to the generation that follows her.

Animal Keepers’ Forum, Vol. 35, No. 27

My best advice is to know your path, know yourself, and know your animals. It’s really just that
simple in the philosophical sense. Sounds somewhat Zen in nature, but as I have moved through my
career path, I have discovered that in most cases animal behavior may be complex, but the solutions
often are not. It’s really a matter of perspective.

Next Month: You have often spoken about your free contact training experiences with felids, what
have they taught you?

If you would like to submit a question for this column or have comments on previously published
materials, please send them to AAZK, Inc., 3601 S.W. 29th St., Suite 133, Topeka, KS 66614 Attn:
Reactions/AKF

(About the Author: Since 1985 Bill has been active in the fields ofi science, zoology, and wildlifie
management. His education and experience include a B.S. in wildlifie management and post-graduate
studies in zoology. Lab and Museum Assistant, Shoot Team Leader, ERT Member, Large Mammal
Keeper, Senior Keeper, and Zoo Curator at various zoological fiacilities. His area of research is
crisis management in zoological institutions, which draws upon practical experience and training
as a Rescue Diver, Hunter Safety Instructor, NRA Firearms Instructor, and Red Cross CPR/FirstAid
Instructor. Away from work he operates Panthera Research, which is a research and consulting
firm.)

Great Offer for
AAZK members from
Polar Bears Int'l

Polar Bears International is
making a very generous offer to
all AAZK members to become
members of PBI at no cost! This <
years! The regular annual cost of a PBI membership is $25.00 and includes
their quarterly newsletter, so this is a great value for you. So, if you are
interested in taking advantage of this opportunity, please email your name,
complete mailing address and email address to:

Tiffany Mayo - tiffanyvarga@hotmail.com

If you do not have email access you may send your information to Tiffany
Mayo, Cleveland Metroparks Zoo, 3900 Wildlife Way, Cleveland, OH 44109,
Attn: PBI Offer. Tiffany is a member of the Greater Cleveland AAZK
Chapter and has volunteered to put together a mailing database of AAZK
members interested in taking advantage of this free PBI membership
offer.

BE A PART OF PBI'S

YEAR OF THE POLAR BEAR

28 Animal Keepers’ Forum, Vol. 35, No. 1

Co^^^(e4^atXAyY\/Le^^ Updcute/

Column Coordinators: Becky Richendollar, North Carolina Zoo
and Greg McKinney, Philadelphia PA

This month s column was put together by
column co-coordinator Greg McKinney

Fishing Ban Needed For Mediterranean Bluefin Tuna

Members of the international body responsible for the management of|
bluefin tuna in the Mediterranean Sea must agree to a moratorium on
fishing for this imperiled species or risk the end of a valuable fishery.

WWF called on the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT) to
support a multi-annual closure of the fishery for at least three years to give stocks a chance of
recovery.

“A healthy Mediterranean bluefin tuna fishery for the future demands management measures based
on scientific advice and strict enforcement,” says Dr. Sergi Tudela, Head of Fisheries at WWF
Mediterranean. “But if fishing levels continue at the present rate there will simply be no tuna left to

catch.”

Mediterranean bluefin tuna {Thunnus thynnus) — highly prized around the world, especially in
Japan for sushi and sashimi — has been under increasing pressure from overfishing. Scientists have
repeatedly raised concern that the stock is at risk of collapse, but ICCAT has repeatedly failed to act.
Another season of massive overfishing and illegal activity this year has highlighted major management
problems facing Mediterranean bluefin tuna. Under-reported and laundered catch, illegal sale of
quotas, lack of monitoring and control are all hampering any kind of sound management, and putting
Mediterranean bluefin under threat of imminent collapse.

“This year ICCAT has a unique opportunity to give this majestic species a fighting chance of survival,”
adds Dr Tudela. “The choice is simple: moratorium today for a sustainable fishery tomorrow, or do
nothing and fish this princely species to an untimely death.” Source: WWF, 9 November 2007

Environmentalists Oppose Ruling on Endangered Hawk Species

A bird of prey found along North America’s northern West Coast warrants protection as an endangered
species in Canada but not in Alaska, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service decided early in November.
Environmental groups that sued the agency for protection for the Queen Charlotte goshawk (Accipiter
gentilis laingi) called the decision bad science and a bad interpretation of federal law and vowed to
return to court to have Alaskan birds protected. The quest to list the birds under the Endangered
Species Act has been going on since 1994. The Fish and Wildlife Service’s latest response came
after its previous determination denying protection was rejected in court.

Queen Charlotte goshawks are one of three subspecies that inhabit the Northern hemisphere, according
to the listing petition. They’re found from Washington’s Olympic Peninsula to southeast Alaska
south of Juneau. Queen Charlotte goshawks are 22 to 26 inches long. They have short wingspans
and long tails that help them maneuver in forests. Feather guards protect their eyes from stray
branches. They hunt relatively large prey. They are fierce defenders of nests and will attack wolves,
bears and humans that stray close to their nests, according to the listing petition.

Logging of old growth forest is considered the main threat to the Queen Charlotte goshawks, said
Noah Greenwald, a conservation biologist for the Center for Biological Diversity in Portland, Ore.
“This is a species that hunts under the forest canopy,” he said. “Going in there and cutting down
substantial amounts of trees is not something that would be conducive to its survival,” Greenwald
said.

Owen Graham, executive director of the Alaska Forest Association, a timber trade association, praised
the decision as one less worry for Alaska’s ailing timber industry. He said protections already are in

Animal Keepers ’Forum, Vol. 35, No. 29

place for the birds and that additional revisions are expected in the U.S. Forest Service management
plan for the 17-million-acre Tongass National Forest.

The environmental groups took issue with the Fish and Wildlife Service determination that the
Alaska and British Columbia ranges are distinct populations and therefore qualify for individual
consideration. The agency concluded that it could support listing British Columbia birds as threatened
or endangered. The same could not be said for the Alaska birds, given conservation measures in
place in the Tongass, the world’s largest temperate rain forest. Those measures include no-harvest
status in substantial areas and guidelines for goshawk protection by loggers in the parts of the forest
open for cutting.

Cummings said it was troubling that the agency would list only a portion of an imperiled population.
It’s a dangerous precedent that works to exclude as many areas as possible from the Endangered
Species Act, he said. Source: Associated Press, Dan doling, 11 November 2007

Zoo Urges Bush To Save Polar Bears

Brookfield Zoo’s three polar bears are popular attractions — massive beasts which, tossing toys and
buckets into their exhibit pool, sometimes act like kids at the beach. But, zoo president Stuart Strahl
said on Nov. 14, “We do not want zoos to be the only place where people can see polar bears.”

A report by government scientists is predicting that two-thirds of the world’s 22,000 polar bears
{Ursus maritimus) - and all of those in Alaska — will disappear by 2050, mostly due to arctic ice
cap melting caused by global warming. As Brookfield’s bears frolicked behind them, Strahl and
National Resources Defense Council official Andrew Wetzler urged the Bush administration to
classify polar bears as a “threatened” species. That designation would require the government to
develop a survival plan, including ways to address overall global warming and greenhouse gasses,
said Wetzler. Under legal pressure by the council and other environmental groups, the Interior
Department has agreed to consider the designation and is expected to rule in January.

Brookfield’s bears were bom in captivity but wild polar bears
this summer saw a record reduction in their sea ice habitat.

Over the last 30 years, sea ice on the Arctic Ocean has shmnk
by more than one million square miles, or about 17 times the
size of Illinois, according to the NRDC. “If we don’t take action
now, our generation, and our children’s generation, will be the
last generations to see polar bears in the wild,” said Wetzler.

Some say that putting the bears under the Endangered Species
Act would be premature. “The listing of a currently healthy
species based entirely on highly speculative and uncertain Ursus maritimus

climate and ice [forecasts]. . . would be unprecedented,” Alaska (USFWS Photo)

Gov. Sarah Palin wrote in a letter to the Interior Department. Alaska officials also say oil and gas
operations, current conservation plans and bear hunting for food by native Alaskans also could be
threatened under the proposed polar bear designation. Source: Sun Times, Andrew Herrmann, 15 November
2007

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Bear Species: Six of Eight Face Extinction

Six of the eight species of bear in the world are now officially classed as facing extinction. The
smallest, the sun bear (Helarctos malayanus), is the latest to be classified as vulnerable on the Red
List of Threatened Species. Of the other species four - Asiatic black bear {Ursus /Selenarctos
thibetanus). Sloth bear {Melursus ursinus), Andean bear (Tremarctos ornatus) and Polar bear {Ursus
maritimus) - are also listed as vulnerable. The giant panda {Ailuropoda melanoleuca) is facing the
greatest threat and remains in the endangered category. There is least concern over the European
brown bear {Ursus arctos arctos) and the American black bear {Ursus americanus).

The sun bear found in Southeast Asia, Sumatra and Borneo, will be included in the 2007 Red List
drawn up by the World Conservation Union (lUCN). Previously it was known as ‘Data Deficient’
meaning not enough was known about it to give it a classification. Rob Steinmetz, co-chair of the

30 Animal Keepers’ Forum, Vol. 35, No. I

lUCN Bear Specialist Group’s sun bear expert team, said: “Although we still have lot to learn about
the biology and ecology of this species, we are quite certain that it is in trouble. We estimate that sun
bears have declined by at least 30% over the past 30 years (three bear generations), and continue to
decline at this rate. Deforestation has reduced both the area and quality of their habitat. Where
habitat is now protected, commercial poaching remains a significant threat. We are working with
governments, protected area managers, conservation groups and local people to prevent extinction
of the many small, isolated sun bear populations that remain in many parts of Southeast Asia.”

Bear hunting is illegal throughout Southern Asia, but they suffer heavy losses from poachers, who
risk the small chance of being caught against lucrative gains from selling parts. Bile from the bear’s
gall bladder is used in traditional Chinese medicine and their paws are consumed as a delicacy.
Additionally, bears are often killed when they prey on livestock or raid agricultural crops. Bears
simply roaming near a village may be killed because they are perceived as a threat to human life.

Dave Garshelis, co-chair of the Bear Specialist Group, which met in Mexico in November, to update
the status of the eight species, said: “Although the bear population estimates for Asia are not as
reliable as we would like, we estimate that bears in Southeast Asia are declining at a particularly
rapid rate due to extensive loss of forest habitat combined with rampant poaching.”

Bruce McLellan, also a co-chair, said: “An enormous amount of effort and funding for conservation
and management continue to be directed at bears in North America where their status is relatively
favorable. It is unfortunate that so little is directed at bears in Asia and South America where the
need is extreme. We are trying to change this situation but success is slow. ” Source: The Telegraph,
Paul Eccleston, 12 November 2007

National Aviary to Send Endangered Bird to Guam

The National Aviary will send one of its Guam rail {Gallirallus owstoni) birds to Guam to help
repopulate the critically endangered species on the island. According to the National Aviary, the
Guam rail has been extinct in the wild since 1997, and the captive population is critically endangered.
The species was wiped out by the brown tree snake (Boiga irregularis), which was introduced
accidentally on Guam during World War II.

A small conservation program began in 1983 in special breeding facilities and American zoos.
Now, the Guam rail is part of the federal government’s Species Survival Plan, and captive breeding
has been found to be successful. A reintroduction program of an experimental population was
recently established in the nearby island of Rota and two pairs of Guam rails are in the breeding
program at the National Aviary. The breeding pairs have hatched a dozen young.

Native only to Guam, there were 10 recorded wild birds in the 1980s. The Guam rail is dark brown
on the upper parts with a dull green band on the breast that fades to gray. A gray stripe stretches
from the bill to the hind neck, with a brown stripe through the eye. The bill is black with a gray base,
and the legs are gray. The breast, abdomen, wing feathers, and the outer primary feathers have
distinct black and white barring.

The National Aviary is America’s only independent indoor nonprofit zoo dedicated exclusively to
birds. Located at West Park on Pittsburgh’s historic North Side, the National Aviary’s diverse
collection comprises 600 birds representing more than 200 species from around the world, many of
them threatened or critically endangered in the wild. Source: Marianas Variety, Gerardo R. Partido, 29
November 2007

Endangered Brazilian Ocelot Kitten Born: Birth Significant For Species

An endangered Brazilian ocelot kitten (Leopardus pardalis mitis) was born at the Louisville Zoo
Sept. 23. This was the first offspring for mom Miguela and second for father Itirapua. The birth is
very significant and important for the species. There are only 26 Brazilian ocelots in American Zoo
and Aquarium Association (AZA) institutions nationwide. The birth is also notable because of the
passing on of Itirapua’s vital founder stock genetic diversity. When Itirapua’s mother, who lived in
the wild, was hit by a car, she was taken to a local animal hospital where Itirapua was bom. He was
named after that local Brazilian town — Itirapua. He is known as Itty for short.

Animal Keepers’ Forum, Vol. 35, No. 31

“There are only seven Brazilian ocelots considered founder stock in AZA institutions,” said Louisville

El Conquistador
(photo by Karen Bussabarger)

Zoo Assistant Animal Curator Candy McMahan.
“So Itty’s genes are critical for the species.”

El Conquistador garnered his name when at two
days old he wandered from his mother’s side and
squeezed through fencing into a hallway for
keeper staff on the back side of the exhibit.

“And he did all this when he was unable to see,”
McMahan laughed. “He was so young, his eyes
were still closed. So, we named him El
Conquistador because he is definitely an explorer
and conqueror.” McMahan said. “The current
SSP® [Species Survival Plan] goal is for the
Brazilian ocelot population to top 100 animals
and that starts with successful births like El
Conquistador.”

Brazilian ocelots, a subspecies of ocelots (there are eight), are native to Brazil and about three times
the size of a housecat. They are one of the smallest felines found in the tropical rainforest.

Source: ScienceDaily, Louisville Zoo, SO November 2007

Cameroon Welcomes Home “Taiping Four” Gorillas

Cameroon has welcomed home four endangered western lowland gorillas {Gorilla gorilla gorilla)
known as the “Taiping Four”, following an international campaign that won their return from
Malaysia, where they were illegally smuggled five years ago. The four, a male and three females,
were flown to Douala airport late on November 30‘^ from South Africa, where they had been kept at
the National Zoological Garden in Pretoria after the Malaysian government sent them back to Africa
in 2004. Malaysia’ Taiping Zoo had acquired the apes after they were trapped as infants in Cameroon’s
forests in 2002 and illegally smuggled out of the central African country. DNA tests established
they came from Cameroon, whose government launched an intense diplomatic lobbying campaign
for their return, backed by international conservation groups that seek to protect endangered primates.

“This is a victory for our diplomacy. This is proof of our commitment to the principle of the protection
of our wildlife,” Cameroon’s Minister of Forestry and Wildlife, Elvis Ngolle Ngolle, told reporters
at Douala airport as the gorillas were unloaded in big cages from the plane.

As he spoke, young men and women wearing T-shirts from a local environmental group performed
traditional dances and chanted songs calling for wildlife to be preserved. They waved placards with
the message “No to gorilla trafficking”. After their arrival, the gorillas were taken to the Limbe
Wildlife Centre sanctuary. They will initially be freed into a quarantine facility before joining 1 1
other gorillas at the sanctuary in a special enclosure. Pretoria’s zoo sent two of its primate keepers
with the apes to assist with their resettlement at the Limbe sanctuary.

Western lowland gorillas are grey brown, grow up to 6 feet (1.83 metres) tall and can weigh as much
as 275 kg (606 lb). Their intelligence and physical structure make them one of man’s closest relatives.
Man is their only predator, with hunters tracking them for bushmeat and timber companies destroying
their natural habitat. Cameroon is one of the few countries where they still exist in the wild, although
numbers are fast dwindling.

“I am absolutely delighted that the gorillas are back in Cameroon ... This sends a message to poachers
and traffickers that the world will not stand by and tolerate the illegal trade in wildlife. Our wildlife
indeed should stay wild and stay in the jungle,” Christina Pretorius of the International Fund for
Animal Welfare (IFAW) said. IFAW was one of several conservation groups that backed Cameroon
in its campaign to recover the “Taiping Four”. Due to an increase in the hunting of animals for
bushmeat — especially prized primates — across Africa, sanctuaries across the continent are dealing
with an influx of primate orphans in need of lifelong care. The Limbe sanctuary has rescued four
chimps this year alone. Source: Reuters, Tansa Musa, 1 December 2007

32 Animal Keepers ’Forum, Vol. 35, No. 1

Rare Sumatran Rhino Sighting in Malaysia

A Sumatran rhinoceros {Rhinoceros sumatrensis) has been photographed in peninsular Malaysia in
the first sighting for more than a decade, raising hopes the animal ean avoid extinction, a report said
Sunday.

The New Straits Times said the image, eaptured by a camera trap, snapped just a small part of the
rhino but experts declared the wrinkly and folded thigh was unmistakable.

Rhino footprints were last found in southern Johor state in 2001 but it was only in 1994, when a
stray animal wandered out of a forest in northern Perak, that the animal was last sighted in the wild,
according to the newspaper.

The report did not reveal where the rhino was snapped, but said the photo was taken in a wildlife
corridor targeted by the Wildlife and National Parks Department which also spotted elephants, sun
bears and the bison-like gaur.

“We’re going back to areas where the rhinos were once recorded, looking for more signs and taking
samples,” said Siti Hawa Yatim, head of the department’s biodiversity conservation division. “We’re
also looking for doomed animals — individuals alone in a vast area that eannot survive without
companions.”

World Wildlife Fund Malaysia announced earlier this year that it had captured video footage of the
extremely rare Borneo sub-speeies of the critically-endangered Sumatran rhino. The footage, taken
in a forest in Malaysia’s Sabah state on Borneo Island, showed a rhino eating, peering through
jungle foliage and sniffing the automatic video camera equipment used to shoot it.

The Sumatran rhinoceros is one of the world’s most endangered species with only small numbers
left on Indonesia’s Sumatra island, Sabah and peninsular Malaysia, according to the WWF. The
Bornean sub-species is the rarest of all rhinos, distinguished from other Sumatran rhinos by its
relatively small size, small teeth and distinetive shaped head. WWF says scientists estimate there
are only between 25 and 50 of the Bornean sub-species left. Source: AFPcpm 12/2/07

Endangered Tiger Caught on Camera

A South China tiger {Panthera tigris amoyensis) has been caught on camera by a hunter-tumed-
farmer, the first confirmed sighting for 30 years of a sub-species experts had feared was extinct in
the wild, Xinhau News Ageney has reported. Zhou Zhenglong took over 70 snaps of the young tiger
lying in the grass near a eliff in a mountainous part of eentral China. Experts confirmed the inages
showed one of the elusive cats.

Villagers from his home area had reported several sightings of the tigers, paw-prints and droppings,
but none had been confirmed for deeades, the official news agency said. “There has been no record
of the survival of the wild south China tiger in more than 30 years, and it was only an estimate that
China still had 20 to 30 such wild tigers,” Xinhua quoted Lu Xirong, head of a South China tiger
research team.

In the early 1950s an estimated 4,000 of the tiger subspeeies, one of the world’s smallest and the
only one native to central and southern China, roamed the country, but its habitat has been squeezed
by the eountry’s rapideeonomie growth.

The Forestry Department of Shaanxi Provinee, where the tiger was sighted, plans to set up a
specialprotectiona area for them, Xinhua said. Source: Reuters via tvnz.co.nz 10-13-07

On the Edge - It’s electric!

A Japanese aquarium used electrie eels to power its Christmas tree lights this holiday season. Each
time the eleetric eel at the Aqua Toto Gifu aquarium touches a copper wire in its tank, it sends power
straight to the lights on a nearby tree. That’s one way to cut down the electric bill. Source: www.fark.com
12/4/07 via ZooNews Digest 474 3rd - 10th Dec. 2007

Animal Keepers’ Forum, Vol. 35, No. 33

Giant Spitting Cobra Species Discovered

A conservation group in Kenya has anounced a new species of giant spitting cobra, measuring
nearly nine feet and possessing enough venom to kill at least 15 people, has been discovered.
WildlifeDirect said the cobras were the world’s largest and had been identified as unique. The species
has been named Naja Ashei after James Ashe, who founded Bio-Ken snake farm on Kenya’s tropical
coast where the gigantic serpents are found. Ashe, now deceased, was the first to catch a larger-
than-normal spitting cobra in the 1960s and suggest it belonged to a different species.

“A new species of giant spitting cobra is exciting and reinforces the obvious - that there have to be
many other unreported species but hundreds are being lost as their habitats disappear under the
continued mismanagement of our planet,” said the group’s chairman, Kenyan environmentalist
Richard Leakey.

Bio-Ken director Royjan Taylor said the recognition of the new species was an opportunity to raise
awareness about snake conservation as well as find remedies for the powerful bite.

''Naja Ashei is responsible for a very serious snake bite,” he told Reuters by telephone from the
farni. “People don’t care about saving snakes. They talk of saving dolphins or cats, but never snakes!”

The conservationists’ excitement has drawn scientific endorsement from a British-based biologist.
Research published by Wolfgang Wuster of the University of Wales said a field visit confirmed the
Naja Ashei is a new species. “The new species is diagnosable from all other African spitting cobras
by the possession of a unique DNA,” he wrote in a review in July. Source: Nicolo Gnecchi/Reuters
News Agency 12/07/07

Indonesia Announces National Conservation Program for Orangutans

Indonesia is preparing a conservation program to protect orangutans {Pongo pygmaeus and Pongo
abelli) and their habitats in Borneo and Sumatra, Indonesia’s President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono
told delegates at the World Climate Conference on Bali last month. “The key understanding is to
save the orangutans. For that we must save the forest and by that we are doing our part to reduce
greenhouse gas emissions,” Yudhoyono said.

Urangutan habitat is decreasing as a result of rapid
deforestation. The great apes are then often shot by
farmers as the animals seek nourishment in the large
palm oil planations that are encroaching deeper into
the forest. According to Yudhoyono, at least 50,000
orangutans have been killed in the last few years. On
Borneo there are still around 54,000 orangutans, but
‘without protection they will die out by 2050,’ said the
president.

Together with environmental organizations, Indonesia
plans to create sustainable conservation of orangutan
habitat by placing more forests under nature preserve status. Wood, paper and palm oil plantations
in the future will have to apply for deforesting licenses which will be contingent on forest conservation.
The Indonesian government also hopes to be able to sell carbon dioxide emission certificates to
greenhouse gas producers in order to lower the overall emissions. Source: Science & Nature.com via
ZooNews Digest 474 3-10 December 2007

Photo: Wikipedia.org

Back A KF Issues Sought

Adam Eyres, Hoofstock Supervisor at the Fossil Rim Wildlife Center, Glen Rose, TX, is
seeking back issues of Animal Keepers’ Forum from 1989 to present. If anyone has AKFs
they are willing to part with, Adam is trying to rebuild the Forum library at the Center. If
you can help, please email Adam at adame@fossilrim.org< to work out arrangements or
shipping.

34 Animal Keepers’ Forum, Vol. 35, No. 1

Animal Keepers’ Forum 2007 Index

A

Albatross

Waved

Anteater

Giant

Antelope

Sable

Saiga

Aurochs

B

Baboon

Chacma

Hamadryas

Bass

Black Sea
Bear
Black

Bornean Sun
Brown
Gobi
Grizzly

Polar 119,287-288,290,
311-313, 317-327, 330-340,
Bush baby
Bustard
Houbara
Butterfly

Palos Verdes Blue

c

Caracal
Camel
Dromedary
Wild Bactrian
Chimpanzee
Unspecified
West African
Chinchilla
Cockatoo
Umbrella
Cod
Atlantic
Condor
California
Crane
Wattled
Whooping
Crocodile
American
Nile
Crow

African pied

D

Dolphin
White-fm
Yangtze River

283

73, 388-392

178
196, 283
283

16-17

16

404

78, 299
312
299

196
199, 448

294-301, 304-309,
341-364, 448-449
157

197
196

16

2

196

406-407, 408
157
229-235

215

404

46, 196-197

236

120

183

78-79

82

403

447

Nos. 1-12

OTHER BIOTA

E

Eagle

Bald

284, 403-404, 406

Echidna

Long-Beaked

405-406

Elephant

African 123- 124, 150-155,

159, 236-237, 238-239

Asian

256-259

F

Fisher

Pacific

284

Flying fox

78

Fox

Fennec

215

Frog

Clawed

156

Dart-poison

103

Panamanian golden

37

G

Giraffe

Masai

106-109

Rothschild’s

86

Unspecified

111-115

Goat

Cretian

178

Gorilla

Mountain

119-120, 450

Unspecified

35-36, 205, 407

Grouse

Gunnison Sage

406

H

Hedgehog

African

Horse

Przewalski’s

196

I

Ibex

Nubian

178

Iguana

Marine

410

Impala

178

J

Jackal

16

Jaguarundi

3

K

Komodo dragon

156

Kookaburra

78

L

Lion

Abyssinian

36

African

220-228, 405

Asiatic

200

Lemur

Ring-tailed

202

Animal Keepers’ Forum, Vol. 35, No. 35

Leopard

Amur

236

Snow

196

Llama

2

Lorikeet

Green-naped

142-144

Lynx

Iberian

M

Macaw

Blue and gold

84

Manatee

Florida

118, 448

Marmoset

447

Marmot

196

Meerkat

26-28

Mongoose

Dwarf

215

Monkey

. Black-handed spider

73-76

Black spider

73-76

Capuchin

73-76

Squirrel

73

Vervet

16

Moose

394

Murrelet

Kittlitz’s

198

Marbled

406

N

Naked Mole-rat

438-446

Q

Ocelot

3,366

Orangutan

408

Orca

79

Oryx

Arabian

197-198

Otter

Asian Small Clawed

393-394

River

393

P

Panda

Giant

83,312,378

Parakeet

Mauritius

283

Penguin

Chinstrap

398

Emperor

198

Humboldt

198

King

398-400

Rockhopper

398

Pig

Bush

16

Pika

Sardinian

283

Plover

St. Helena

283

Pronghorn

Sonoran

280

R

Rhino

Indian

188-193, 372

Sumatran

157-158

Unspecified

367

White

197

s

Sacramento Splittail

284, 406

Salmon

Alaskan

404

Seal

Mediterranean Monk

283

Serow

Japanese

46

Shark

Bull

79

Tiger

79

Snake

Mexican Garter

406

Springbok

178

Stork

Shoebill

30-34

Sugar Glider

215

T

Tamarin

Emperor

70-72

Tapir

Brazilian

73

Tasmanian Devil

239-240

Tiger

Sumatran

119

Unspecified

78, 281

Trout

Bull

406

Turtle

Asia soft-shelled

281

Spotted

136

n

Urial

Transcaspian

178

Y

Vole

Bavarian Pine

283

Vulture

White-backed

117-118

w

Whale

Gray

283

Humpback

37, 157

Wolf

Gray

117

Mexican

279, 284

Wombat

78

z

Zebra

Burchell’s

111

Grevy

244, 430-432

AAZK, Inc.

AAZK 2006 Conference

Proceedings Available 2 1 8-2 1 9, 260-26 1

AAZK 2007 Conference

Announcement 9, 88, 163, 172, 204, 286

Offers Elephant Workshop 263-264

36 Animal Keepers’ Forum, Vol. 35, No. 1

AAZK 2007 Elections 22, 47, 94, 1 63

AAZK Animal Data Transfer Forms
Available Online 105

AAZK Announces New Opportunities for
Involvement 254-255,401-402

AAZK Announces 2007 Award Recipients 416-419
AAZK Board Thanks Member for Donation 4 1 1
AAZK Credit Card Available to Members 203
AAZK Membership Survey Results
Available Online 203

AAZK New Members 7, 51, 93, 133, 171, 212, 251,

373, 424

AAZK Product Line

Sweatshirts in XXL 205

AAZK Proposes Bylaws Revisions to
Membership 248-249

AAZK Seeks Chapter Website Addresses 87

AAZK Seeks Help thru Amazon/GoodSearch 4, 89
AAZK Thanks Chapters for Holding Fundraisers367
AAZK Thanks Linda G. Kunze 164

AAZK Thanks Local Chapters for Donations 367
AAZK Video Night Seeks Participants 205, 243

Chapters

News 29, 62-63, 121-122, 160, 187-188, 212, 252,

395-397

Recharter Packets 3, 47

Committees

Animal Training

Articles 10-14, 106-109, 174-175, 256-259,

430-432

Update 184-185

Awards

AAZK Chapter of the Year Award 96-97

Certificate of Excellence in Exhibit Design
Renovation 56-58

Certificate of Merit for Zookeeper Education 56
Jean M Hromadka AAZK Excellence in
Animal Care Award 95-96

Lee Houts Enrichment Excellence Award

55, 76, 139, 163

Lifetime Achievement 54

Lutz Ruhe Meritorious Achievement - AAZK
Professional of the Year Award 96

Mazuri Animal Nutrition Award 58-59

Bowling for Rhinos

For Want of a Nail 176-177

Recipe for Success 20-21

Registration Form 52,100

Reminders 203,413

Trip Winners Announced 4 1 3

Enrichment

Article 73-76, 138-139, 214-215, 393-394

Leather Elves Enrichment Device Contest 76, 139
Grants

Advances in Animal Keeping Course

4, 47, 88, 130, 173

Centre for Animal Rehabilitation and Education
C. A. R.E. -Report 16-19

Conservation, Preservation, and Restoration (CPR)

4, 48, 89, 130, 173
Geraldine Meyer/Professional Travel 4, 47, 88,

130, 173

Trip Down Under: A Second International
Congress on Zoo Keeping 78-79

Research 5,48,89,130,173

International Outreach

Seeks French-speaking Members 402

From the Editor 5, 243, 411

From the Executive Director 50, 166, 246-247
From the President 6, 92, 128, 206, 370

From the Vice President 289

About the Cover

Arabian Oryx 162

Baringo (Rothschild’s) Giraffe 86

Black-necked Stilt 126s

California Condor, Parent puppet and chick 46

Dromedary Camel and Llama 2

Marine Iguana 410

Ocelot 366

Ring-tailed Lemur Family 202

Zoo Keepers At Work Compilation 242

Animal Training Committee (ATC)

Moving Day for Grevy’s Zebra 430-432

Setting Them Up to Succeed: Training
the Trainer 10-14

Thinking Outside of the Crate 1 74- 175

Unrestrained Blood Collection in Masai
Giraffe 106-109

Utilizing Target Training to Perform a Tusk
Procedure on an Unrestrained Asian
Bull Elephant 256-259

Articles

Abilene Zoo’s Management of an Aging Female
African Elephant 123-124

Addressing Aggression in Emperor Tamarins
Through Training and Management 70-72

Ask the Experts: Are Polar Bear Populations
Increasing? 304-305

Aspects of a Safety Program for Zoos
and Aquarium Facilities in the
United States 583-586

Baked Soil/Clay Block Enrichment for Captive
Naked Mole-rats 438-446

Breeding of the Green-naped Lorikeet in a
Multi-species Exhibit at the Oregon Zoo 142-144
Busy Fall on the Tundra 317-318

Centre for Animal Rehabilitation and Education
C.A.R.E.-Report 16-19

Champagne Training on a Beer Budget 330-335

Chemical Restraint of Exotic Animals in an
Emergency Situation 493-497

Crisis Management Planning in Zoological
Institutions 459-470

Critical Incident Stress Management: A
Proven Tool for Addressing Staff Needs
After a Traumatic Event 502-505

Animal Keepers’ Forum, Vol. 35, No. 37

Developing a Program for Dangerous
Animal Emergencies: Procedures for
Animal Escape, Unauthorized Person in
with Dangerous Animals and Unified
Command System 506-512

Developing a Weapons Team for Dangerous
Animal Emergencies: Organization
and Training

Disease Risk Communication and Highly
Pathogenic Avian Influenza
Dispatch from Russia...

Dive Safety in Zoos and Aquariums
Effects of Diet Change on Skin and Coat
Condition of 1.1 Polar Bears (Ursus maritimus)
at the Maryland Zoo in Baltimore, The 321-323
Gravity and Hydrotherapy Procedures as a Way
to Reduce the Possibility of Stiffening Joints in

Elephants After an Accident 150-155

Greater one-Horned Rhinoceros Artificial
Insemination Program... From a Keeper’s
Perspective 189-193

Firearms Use and Training in AZA
Institutions 569-583

Formulating Diets for Polar Bears in
Captivity 324-326

Hurricane Preparedness: Lessons Learned
from Hurricane Katrina. 546-557

Keep Commmunication Equipment Powered
in an Emergency, Part 1 : What to Put in Your
Emergency Power Kit 529-534

Keep Commmunication Equipment Powered
in an Emergency, Part 2: How to Convert
Your Devices to Run Off Batteries 534-538

Making a Connection with Keeper Talks 80-84

Methods of Recognizing and Recuperating an
Underweight, Weaning Juvenils Giant
Anteater 388-392

Operant Conditioning with Polar Bears -
Another Form of Enrichment 34 1 -352

PBI Launches Groungbreaking Study 306-307

“Polar Bear Natural History” 297-301

Polar Bear Population Project, The 336-337

Polar Bear Research in Zoos: An Inter-
disciplinary Approach 312-316

Raising the Standards in Zoos 338

Radiograph Training of Juvenile Male African
Lion Using Operant Conditioning 220-228

Re-creating Nature: The making of an
artificial meerkat burrow 26-28

Roundworm Infections in Polar Bears 326-327

Safety in the Animal Care Profession 166-168

Tall Birth, The 111-115

Terrorist Threat to Zoological Institutions 539-545
Training Dangerous Animals Safely is
No Accident 558-568

Trip Down Under, A: Second International

Congress on Zoo Keeping 78-79

Use of Portable Corral Systems and Tamers,
Drop-Floor Chutes for Improving and
Simplifying Animal Husbandry, Veterinary
Care and Management Techniques in Captive

480-487

472-478

308-309

513-522

and Free-Range Hoofstock, The 178-180

Veterinary Role as First Responders to a
Medical Emergency in a Crisis Management
Situation 497-501

Voluntary Blood Collection from a King Penguin
at Lincoln Park Zoo 398-400

Who’s Afraid of the Big Bad Wolf?

Dealing with a Long-term, High-profile
Animal Escape 488-492

Wildlfire! One Facility’s Response and
Lessons Learned 523-528

Would You Like to Know Your Trees 1 04- 1 05

Zoo Keeping - the hardest Job I’ve
ever loved 265-275

Book Reviews

Biology of the Boas and Pythons 262

Complete Guide to the Care of Macropods, The 60
Crocodile: Inside Out 381

Death Roll 381-382

Diseases of Amphibians and Reptiles 110

Grains of Golden Sand 1 94- 1 95

Herpetological History of the Zoo and
Aquarium World 380

Kathryn and the Runaway Zoo 382

New Encyclopedia of Snakes, The 380

Spotted Turtle: North America’s Best 136

Temperature-Dependent Sex Determination
in Vertibrates 136-137

Conferences - Schools-Workshops

IV International Symposium on Breeding Birds
Captivity 127, 129, 170, 208, 245, 369

2007 Rhino Keepers Workshop 8, 49, 90, 129, 170

2008 Gorilla Workshop 49, 90, 127, 129,

170, 208, 245,369,414
1st International Wildlife Reintroduction
Conference 414

3rd Annual Aquatic Medicine Seminar 369, 414
4th Crissey Zoological Symposium, The 129, 170,

208, 245, 369,414

6th Annual Callitrichid Behavioral Husbandry and
Management Workshop 8, 49, 90, 129, 170

7th Annual Animal Behavior Management Alliance
(ABMA) Conference 8

1 5th Annual lAATE Conference 8, 49

27th Annual Association of Zoo Veterinary
Technicians Conference 245, 369

28th Annual Elephant Managers Association
Conference 208, 245, 369, 414

30th Annual Herpetology Conference 8, 49, 90

31st Annual International Herpetological
Symposium 90, 129, 170, 208

AAZK National Conference 8, 49, 90, 129,

170, 208, 245,369

Adventure Learning Program 353-356

Amphibian Biology and Management 8, 49, 90, 129

Amphibian Decline and Chytridiomycosis
Conference 414

Animal Behavior Society’s 44th Annual
Meeting 170,208,245

38 Animal Keepers’ Forum, Vol. 35, No. 1

Association of British Wild Animal Keepers
(ABWAK) Symposium 2007 8, 49

Australasian Society of Zookeeping (ASZK)

Annual Conference 8, 49, 90, 129, 170

AZA Central Regional Conference 129, 170

AZAD National Conference 90, 129, 170,

208, 245, 369

BIERZS The Symposium 2007: Bear Information
Exchange for Rehabilitators, Zoos and
Sanctuaries 8, 49, 90, 116,129,1 70, 208, 245
Chimpanzee Care and Management
Workshop 8, 49, 90, 129, 170, 208, 245

International Conference on Environmental
Enrichment 8, 49, 90, 1 29, 1 70, 208, 245

International Primatological Society XXII
Congress 369,414

MIE: Macropod Information Exchange 8, 49, 90,

129,170,208,245

Mind of the Chimpanzee 8, 49, 90

Okapi Keeper Workshop 8, 49, 90, 129

Oiled Wildlife Response Workshop 204, 264

Old World Monkey Workshop 8, 49, 90

Old World Monkey Behavioral Management
Workshop 149

Orangutan SSP Husbandry Workshop 245, 369, 414
Seventh International Aquarium Congress 369, 414
Study Endangered Cats in Mexico 3

Third Annual Workshop on Ultrasound and Assisted
Reproduction In Elephants and Rhinos 8

Training and Enrichment Workshop for
Zoo and Aquarium Animals 149

Training Connection Animal Training Seminar49, 90

Year of the Polar Bear 287-288, 294-295

Zoos and Aquariums Committing to
Conservation 8, 140-141

Conservation/Legislation/Zoo News

2007 Red List Shows More Animals and Plants
in Trouble 452

700 Animal Skins Confiscated, Smugglers
Busted 449-

Africa Sees the Return of Elephant Poaching 159

American Crocodile Downlisted by US
Government 183

American Icthyological and Herpetological
Collections Survey 21

A.RE.S Database 164

AZA Avian Scientific Group Offers Grants 411-412

Bald Eagle Leaves Endangered Species List 403-404

Bronx Zoo Teams with Bono’s Wife in
Africa 404

Campaign Launched to Save Endangered
Birds Worldwide 451

Canned Hunting Under Fire in South Africa 158-159
Captive Primate Safety Act Offers Protection 403
Chile Creating Endangered Species Protection 118
Chimpanzees Build Weapons 157

China Continues Attempts to Reopen Tiger
Trade 281-282

Chinese River Dolphin May Still Have a Chance 447
CNAH Announces Completion of North American

Frog and Toad Image Files 244

CNAH Seeks Frog and Toad Photos 164

Congo Rangers Flee Rebels, Leaving
Endangered Mountain Gorillas Helpless 450
Conservationists Urge China to Maintain Tiger
Trade Ban 200

Conservationists Favore Suspension of Mexican
Wolf-Killing Policy 279

Contraception to Curb Wildlife 1 56

Cruise Line Pays for Whale Death 157

Dallas Zoo Offers Opportunity for Field
Research 244

Dart-poison Frog Info Available as PDF 103

Denver Zoo Tries to Save Tiny Endangered Frog 37
Director-General Voices Concern Over Fate
of Virunga National Park Gorillas 407

Dozens of European Mammal Species Face
Extinction 283

DNA ‘bar-codes’ Help Find New Species 160

eBay Condemned for Allowing “Rampam”

Ivory Trade 282

Egg Hunt ‘Not for Faint-Hearted’ 197

Elephant Charity Expelled from Park 281

Endangered Species Incentives 158

Endangered Turtle Found in Mekong in
Cambodia 281

Environmentalists Challenge Political
Interference with 55 Endangered Species in
28 States 450-451

Exotic Animals Bill Heads to House 200

First Panda Born in European Zoo in 25 Years 437
Giant Spider Web Takes Over Texas Trail 447-448
Governor of Idaho Supports Gray Wolf Hunt 1 1 7

Grevy Zebra Foal Artwork Benefitis Conservation

Program 244

Group Seeks Protection for Penguins and
Murrelets 198

Guide to Grassroots Conservation Practitioners
Experiences from Long-tailed Chinchilla
Conservation in Chile 229-235

Gutting the Endangered Species Act 199

Herds of Arabian Oryx to be Released
into Wild 197-198

“Highways of Death” Lead to Elephant
Extinction 238-239

Illegal Hunting “Wiping Out Mongolia’s
Mammals” 196

Illegally Grown Coffee Sold Around the World 1 1 9
Indonesia Forest Fires, Attacks Kill 1,000
Oranguntans 35

Interior Secretary Scraps Proposed Changes to
Endangered Species Act 284

Investigation of Grizzly Death 448

Is that a Monkey Under Your Hat? 447

Japan Serow Center Announces Closing 47

Julie McDonald Scandal Grows 283-284

Lead Bullet Ban Proposed for Condor
Range Gaining Traction 1 96- 1 97

Legislation Would Guarantee Retirement for
Chimpanzees After Years in Laboratories 406-407

Leopard Species Close to Extinction 236

Animal Keepers ’Forum, Vol. 35, No. 39

Living Green Helps Polar Bears and All
Living Things 328-329

Lowry Park Zoo’s Manatee Hospital
Funding in Limbo 448

Madagascar Sets Aside Conservation Areas 237

Majority of Polar Bear Populations Could
Be Extinct Within the Next 43 Years 448

Manatees May Be Downgraded Despite Record
Deaths 118

Mexican Herp Checklist Available 4 1 2

Monkey Form of HIV May Be Endemic in Wild
Gorillas 35-36

Mountain Gorillas Taken for Food 119-120

National Zoo Keeper Week 210, 243

Near-Extinct cat Claws Back from Brink 198

Newly Discovered Species Unique to East Africal20
Nominations for 2008 Indianapolis Prize 86

Palm Oil Workers Killing Endangered
Orangutans 408

Panda Footnotes 378

Philly Elephants Move to New Facility 236-237

Polar Bears International - What It’s All About 290
Polar Bears Proposed for ESA Listing as
Threatened & Frequently Asked Questions360-364
Polar Bear One Step Closer to Receiving National

Protection 119

Polar Bear Scientists on Film 3 1 8-320

Polar Bear Status Report 359-360

Prominent Scientists Question the Logic of
Changes to the Endangered Species Act 237-238

Raising the Standards in Zoos 338

Rare Ethiopian Lion Cubs Poisoned to
Save Expense 36

Rare Wattled Crane Born 236

Rescue Plan For Endangered Tasmanian Devils
Triggers Environmental Concerns 239-240

Rhino A1 Update from Cincinnati 372

Rhino on a Mission 157-158

Rubber Reef a Bad Idea 1 58

Saving the Amazon May be Expensive 238

Sierra Leon Bans Capture, Killing of Chimps 408
Sonoran Pronghorn Recovery 280-281

Study Shows Humpback Whales Have
‘Human’ Brain Cells 37

Successful Recovery Efforts Bring Yellowstone
Grizzly Bears Off the Endangered List 199

Swiss Zoo Culls Endangered Lion Cubs 405

Teaching Zoo to House Endangered Butterfly 196
Thousands of Bird Species Under Threat 283

Three Arrested in Connection with Killing of
13 Asiatic Lions 200

Trading Spaces: The Human Zoo 118-119

USFWS to Reconsider Small Portion of
Decisions Tainted by Julie Macdonald 406

U.S. - Russia Polar Bear Treaty 311 311

Vanishing Sea Ice 302-303

Virgin Birth at Chester Zoo 1 56

Vulture on the Verge of Extinction Bred in
Captivity 117-118

Whale Shot Off Washington Coast 448

White-Fin Dolphin Declared Extinct 403

Whooping Cranes on Rebound in Texas 120

Wildlife Conservation Grant Available 127

With Fish, Please Ask, ‘What’s the Catch?’ 404-405
Zoo Animals to “Taste Test’’ Road Salt 2 1 3

Zoo Expedition Team Discovers Long-Lost
Species In Cyclops Mountains 405-406

Zoos Housing Polar Bears Worldwide 339-340

Zoos Unite to Save Amphibians 1 56

Enrichment Options

Changing Enrichment Methodology to Eliminate
a Recurring Shifting Problem of One Individual

within a Mixed-species Exhibit 73-76

Little SPlDERs at The Newark Museum
Mini Zoo 214

Making Useful Spaces Out of Little Places 393-394
Something Revamped at the Indianapolis Zoo...
aBEC! 138-139

Miscellaneous

2006 Index 38-44

Animal Training Terminology Crossword 186

Animal Training Crossword Answers 1 95

In Memoriam: Jennifer Hackshaw 132

Letter from Ian Craig 148

Letter to the Editor 98-99, 420-421

People Skills for Animal People

Creating Performance Metrics 64-66

Reactions

Animal Aggression Triggers 101-102

Communication and Conflict in the Zoo

383-387, 434-437
Developing Marksmanship with Targets 2 1 6-2 1 7
Pepper Spray: Pros and Cons 181-183

Preventing the Spread of Zoonotic Diseases 145-147
Safety Items for Cold Weather Environments 67-69
Service Vehicle Recommendations 23-25

Viewpoint

For Want of a Nail
My First Year as a Zoo Keeper
Meet Reality
Performance Evaluations

Website/Listserves

CNAH Announces Completion of North American

Frog and Toad Image Files 244

CNAH PDF Library Available for
Downloads 367-368

Gorilla Gazette Available Online 205

North American Venomous Snake Image Set 147
Nutritional Handbook Download 323

Polar Bear Standardized Guidelines 338

Rhino Website Launched 367

Stereotypic Animal Behavior: Second Edition 127
Track the Bears Online 296

Training Blog Initiated 368,413

Trial Access to Applied Herpetology Available 367
Zoo Biology egroup 66

176-177

: Expectations

276-278

426-428

40 Animal Keepers’ Forum, Vol. 35, No. 1

Resource Publications Available
front the AAZK Website ~ yvww.aazk.org

The following resource publications and dedicated issues of Animal Keepers ’ Forum are
available for purchase from the AAZK website:

Biological Information on Selected Mammals
4th Edition CD-ROM Version

The 1,396 page Biological Information on Selected Mammal Species CD covers a wide range from
general, breeding, and young-rearing behavior to diet and physical descriptions of 590 species. The
volume is in a PDF format allowing searches by Species (Common or Latin name); or Key words
using the Find fiinction; or by Species (Common or Latin name). Family; or Order using the Bookmarks.
Table of Contents are given for Orders, Families, Species by Common Name, Species by Scientific
Name, and Species by Order and Family. The Appendices cover a variety of information from behavioral
patterns common to families (Bovid displays) to taxonomy (Primates). References are listed by Order
and Family. Prices: AAZK Members $15 Nonmembers $40 - Price includes Domestic and Canadian
First Class Postage. Overseas orders should add $5.00 per CD for Air Mail Postage.

AAZK Enrichment Notebook, Third Edition
CDROM Version

This 455-page publication includes many facets of animal enrichment and is indexed for easy reference.
The sections include an Overview of Enrichment, Enrichment Links, Enrichment Suppliers, Suggested
Guidelines (Bats, Bears, Birds, Carnivores, Fishes, Primates, Reptiles, and Ungulates), Safety
Considerations, Lists of Browse Plants and Toxic Plants, Cookbook Recipes for Enrichment, Enrichment
Ideas/Devices (organized by category), Sample Enrichment Forms currently used in zoological facilities,
and an extensive Enrichment Bibliography. This is a searchable PDF format document utilizing Acrobat
Reader that is included. Prices: AAZK Members $15 Nonmembers $40 - Price includes Domestic
and Canadian First Class Postage. Overseas orders should add $5.00 per CD for Air Mail Postage.

Zoonotic Diseases - 3rd Edition - CD-ROM Version

Searchable PDF Format
Hyper-linked Zoonotie Disease List
Updated Guidelines for Animal Care Personnel
Updated Hygiene and Disinfection Section
82 pages of Information

AAZK Member Price $9.50 (includes s/h in U.S. and Canada). Non-member Price $12.00 (includes
s/h in U.S. and Canada). Orders outside U.S. and Canada need to add $5..00 postage per CD for Air
Mail service.

Dedicated Cheetah Issue - The combined July/August 2005 issue of Animal Keepers’ Forum is a
special 124-page edition dedicated to the cheetah. This issue covers many aspects concerning the
cheetah ~ from captive husbandry to conservation efforts in Africa. A limited number of extra copies
of this special issue are available for purchase from the AAZK Administrative Office. Cost is $10.00US
per copy; domestic postage is included. Overseas orders are $20.00US and includes airmail delivery.

Dedicated Polar Bear Issue - The August 2007 issue of Animal Keepers' Forum is a special 80-page
edition dedicated to the Polar Bear. This issue covers many aspects concerning the polar bear ~ from
captive husbandry to conservation efforts, to the impacts of global warming on this species. AAZK
worked cooperatively with Polar Bears International in the production of this special issue. A limited
number of extra copies of this special issue are available for purchase from the AAZK Administrative
Office. Cost is $10.00US per copy; domestic postage is included. Overseas orders are $20.00US and
includes airmail delivery.

Dedicated Crisis Management Issue - Additional copies of this 136-page Oct/Nov 2007 issue of
Animal Keepers ’Forum dedicated to crisis management in zoos may be purchased from the AAZK
Administrative Office. Price is $25 for AAZK members and $50 for nonmembers. Prices include
postage.

All publications may also be ordered using Visa or Mastercard by calling 785-273-9149 weekdays.

PRINTED IN U.S.A.

© 2008 AAZK, INC.

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