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'" ' ' i XCi^^ 1' 5 DSHXIWS^Sa I avaa n^LIBRAR lES^SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOIXDJ CO = CO ^ 00 ^rr: c/5 xTSEJqX ^ < ea 0 r ' o w HSONIAN^ INSTITUTION^ NOlinillSNf'NVINOSHJLIWS S3 I H V8 8 11 L I B R/ 2 r* 2 — \nimal January 1990 keepers' -orum Dedicated to Professional Animal Care ANIMAL KEEPERS' FORUM . 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606 Editor-in-Chief: Susan Chan January 1990 Assistant Editor: Alice Miser Volume Seventeen Assistant Editor: Ron Ringer Number One Animal Keepers' Forum (ISSN 0164-9531) is a monthly journal of the American Association of Zoo Keepers, Inc., 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606. Five dollars of each membership fee goes toward the annual publication costs of Animal Keepers' Forum . Second Class postage paid at Topeka, KS. Postmaster: Please send address changes to: American Association of Zoo Keepers, Inc. Administrative Offices, 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606 Barbara Manspeaker, Administrative Secretary BOARD OF DIRECTORS Oliver Claffey, Metro Toronto Zoo, Toronto, Ontario, Canada President Bob Debets, Assiniboine Park Zoo, Winnipeg, Manitoba Canada Vice President Frank B. Kohn, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC 20008 Janet McCoy, Washington Park Zoo, Portland, OR 97221 Ed Hansen, Reid Park Zoo, Tucson, AZ 85716 COMMITTEE CHAIRPERSONS - PROJECT HEADS Conference, Book Committee Tim Kelly, Assiniboine Park Zoo Awards Committee Jan McCoy, Washington Park Zoo Book Review Coordinator Rick Emmer, Cleveland Metroparks Zoo Staff. .Exchange Cynthia Simpson, Brookfield Zoo AAZK History... Committee Art Goodrich, San Diego Zoo International Affairs Coordinators - Animal. Data, .Transfer Form Bemie Feldman, Burnet Park Zoo AAZK Liaison to AAZPA/IZE Kerry Hoffman, Reid Park Zoo Keeper Accommodations List Heidi Manicki, Metro Toronto Zoo An Approach to Zookeeping Pat Sammarco, Santa Fe Teaching Zoo Zoo Infant Development Project Harmony Frazier-Taylor, Woodland Park Zoo AAZK Manual of Resources Elandra Aum, Woodland Park Zoo Exhibit Design Form Mark de Denus, Assiniboine Park Zoo Public Relations Liaison Tim Kurkowski, Zoo Atlanta Keeper Training & Education (includes Library Resources, Reference Search, Program Library, and Keeper Training Materials) L.R/R.S. - Marilyn Cole, Metro Toronto K.T.M- Rosemary Jalink, Nat’l Aquarium Research/Grants Committee VACANT Public Education Committee Ellen Bradfield, Zoo Atlanta Mona Keith, Calgary Zoo (east) and Pam McDougall, Calgary Zoo (west) Membership Directory Administrative Office Staff Diet Notebook Susan Bunn Spencer, Minnesota Zoo Biological Values/Gestation Toni Danzig, Greater S. F. Bay Area Chapter Legislative Advisor John Stoddard, Brookfield Zoo By-Laws Review Marilyn Cole, Metro Toronto Zoo Zoo/Uniyersity .List Mike Illig, Washington Park Zoo Nominations & Elections David Luce, Fresno Zoo Zoonotic Diseases Notebook Bruce Clark, Toledo Zoo Keeper Training Videotape Marilyn Cole, Metro Toronto Zoo/Production Coordinator Jean Ragland-McMahan, Woodland Park Zoo/ Distribution Coordinator Director of Chapter and — Regional Affairs Committee Bill Whittaker, Toledo Zoological Gardens, Toledo, OH Assistant CRAC Directors Colleen Kinzley, Brookfield Zoo and Nancy Pintavalli, Columbus Zoo Individual Regional Coordinators and the states they oversee are listed elsewhere in each issue of AKF. This month's cover art features the Leopard Gecko (Eubelpharus macularius) drawn by Marty Johnson, a senior majoring in zoology at Sonoma State University and an Associate Member of the Greater San Francisco Bay Area AAZK Chapter. Leopard geckos are a robust and beautifully patterned species with black markings over a purple, blue or yellow hued background. They have slit pupils and a moveable eyelid. They have no lamellae, but have claws. They are nocturnal and ground-dwelling , living in loose communal holes and are native to Asia Minor and Northwestern India. Juveniles are unspotted with broad dark brown horizontal stripes. Clutches consist of two eggs which are laid when the females reach maturity at two years. The eggs take 9-14 weeks to hatch. Thanks, Marty! Scoops and Scuttlebutt Smithsonian Special "ZOO" To Air This Month "ZOO", a one-hour special that kicks off Smithsonan World's fifth season on PBS is scheduled to air on Wednesday, 24 January at 8 p.m. EST (check local listings). Producers David Grubin, Richard Rogers, and Pamela Mason Wagner spent six weeks at the National Zoo in Washington, DC getting to know the animals, the animal keepers, and the people who visit the zoo. Personal stories revolve around some of the NZP keepers, among them the elephant keeper striving to take command of the dominant elephant; the big cat keeper anxiously chaperoning the crucial first meeting of the lone Sumatran tiger and a potential mate; a behavioral specialist treating a bear's stereotypic pacing; and the gorilla keeper sending her charge off to the Pittsburgh Zoo in an attempt to liven up his love life. There are also interviews wirh Dr. Michael Robinson, director of the National Zoo, among others. The following issues are explored in the documentary: *Our innate behavior-does it have a built-in response in animals? *The challenge of recreating animal habitats and providing outlets for natural behavior-can a wild animal remain wild living in a man-made home? *Animal conservation-encouraging animal reproduction in zoos. *Managing animals in zoos-what is the price to pay to have wild animals near? *Visitor education-educating zoogoers on disappearing species and their habitats *Zoo history-from Persian "paraadeisos" to 19th-century zoos to habitat zoos, man has been displaying wild animals for over 2,000 years. "ZOO" is underwritten by Southwestern Bell Corporation, public television stations, and the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, and is a co-production of WET A/Washington, DC and the Smithsonian Institution. A Message from the Host for Western IfegiQnal AAZPA Conference The Sacramento Zoo will be hosting the Western Regional AAZPA Conference, 25-27 March, 1990. They are asking for participation in a marketplace of ideas. If you're interested, please call Liz Brenner or Joyce Mansfield (916) 449-5166. Also, if you need room for a special interest group meeting at this conference, please call Susan Healy (916) 449-5166. The Sacramento Zoo will be hosting two concurrent bird workshops during the regional. These day-long workshops will focus on two groups of birds - flamingos and spheniscid penguins. The workshops are being organized by the AAZPA bird curator group and will 1 Scoops and Scuttlebutt. Continued include reports on field work as well as captive management. Payment of conference registration will be necessary to attend these workshops. For information, call Peter Shannon (flamingos) at the Audubon Zoo (504) 861-2537 or Patty McGill-Harelstad (spheniscid penguins) at Brookfield Zoo (312) 485-0263. Guatamalan Zoo Seeks Assistance in Obtaining a Computer Lorena Calvo, General Curator of the Parque Zoologico Nacional, La Aurora, Guatamala, recently wrote to AAZK Administrative Offices seeking assistance in acquiring a computer. She writes that they are requesting the donation of a computer, old or new, which needs to be IBM compatible and have a hard disk. ISIS has already donated the ARK's program and the facility's animals are already marked. They already have a printer, but need a computer to be able to be on-line with the ISIS and ARk's projects. If you can help or know of someone who could assist in the acquisition of a computer for this facility, please contact AAZK Administrative Offices for information on contacting Ms. Calvo. Correction Please note that in the pull-out section of the December 1989 issue of AKF (Zoo Infant Development Project Data Sheet), the address for Woodland Park Zoo was incorrect. It should be 5500 Phinney Avenue North, not 550 Phinney Avenue North, Seattle, WA 98103. We apologize for any confusion this may have caused. Zoo Atlanta Chanter Seeks Assistance in Sponsoring Foreign Keener's Attendance at Jersey Wildlife Preservation Trust The Zoo Atlanta AAZK Chapter has been sponsoring Pundareeka Rao of the Mysore Zoo, India for several years under the AAZK Foreign Keeper Sponsorship Program. He is currently taking the Animal Management Correspondence Course through a university in Great Britain. Susan Barnard of ZooAtlanta has notified our offices that Pundareeka has just been accepted to attend an 18-week training course at the Jersey Wildlife Preservation Trust. This will also include a two-week internship at the Marwell Zological Park in England. The total cost of tuition is $1000, of which the Chapter has been able to contribute $200. They are seeking assistance from other chapters or members to raise the rest of the needed funding. Pundareeka wil be the first AAZK sponsored foreign keeper to have been acepted by JWPT and his attendance at the course would be highly benefical to his skills as a keeper. If any chapters or individual members would be interested in helping the cover the tuition costs, please contact Susan Barnard at Zoo Atlanta, 800 Cherokee Ave. S.E., Atlanta, GA 30315. Contributions in any amount would be most appreciated. Attention; Watch for Award Nomination Information Next Month Be sure and check out the February issue of AKF for information about making nominations for AAZK Awards for 1990. These awards, which include Excellence in Zookeeping, Meritorious Achievement, and Certificate of Merit for Zoo Keeper Education, will be presented at the 1990 AAZK Conference in New Orleans, LA. Beginning next month, an article in AKF will explain the criteria for nomination in each award category and give information on where to submit award nominations. This year's deadline for all award nominations is 30 June 1990. The Chairperson of the Nominations & Elections Committee is Jan McCoy at Washington Park Zoo, Portland, OR. 2 From the President Welcome to a new year, a new decade. This has been labeled "The Deciding Decade". Many species that we have been working hard to save from extinction will either come through the worst of the crisis or will disappear forever from the planet. We, as professional zookeepers, must continue to strive towards successful breeding programs and promote quality animal care, education and conservation issues. I am proud to begin the 1990’s as the President of the American Association of Zoo Keepers. I wil be ably assisted by the Board of Directors; Vice-President Bob Debets, Past-President Frank Kohn and new Board Members Jan McCoy and Ed Hansen. Administrative Secretary Barbara Manspeaker and AKF Editor-in-Chief Susan Chan will keep us all in line. Our role is to guide the Association and to serve the needs of you, the members. In the past, an issue that was of concern to a few individuals occasionally surfaced. They thought the name American Association of Zoo Keepers was indicative of AAZK being an association only for people from the United States. Considering that Canadians are now President and Vice-President, I declare that issue, once and for all, dead and buried. What's in a name when our goals are global, universal in nature? United we can, hopefully, achieve these goals. Here's looking towards a productive and positive New Year for AAZK as an association and for all members as well. Oliver Claffey AAZK President Metro Toronto Zoo AAZK Announces New Professional Members Jeffrey Smeraldo, Turtle Back Zoo (NJ) Ingrid Jacobsen, Bronx Zoo (NY) Kim Trautman, Philadelphia Zoo (PA) Dan Holloway, Wildlife Trails-Stone Mt. Prk (GA) Kelly Foley, Wildlife Trails-Stone Mt. Prk (GA) Vince Feuerstein, Wildlife Trails-Stone Mt. Prk (GA) Margaret Holder, Wildlife Trails-Stone Mt. Prk (GA) Denise Disch, Wildlife Trails-Stone Mt. Prk (GA) Coleen Zahnke, Jacksonville Zool. Prk. (FL) Stephen Krueger, Toledo Zoo (OH) Michael Hoffmann, Milwaukee County Zoo (WI) Joseph Bzdelik, Brookfield Zoo (IL) Janet Reiter, Brookfield Zoo (IL) Ken Ridgeway, Riverside Zoo (NE) Judy Bauer, Wayne Newton Private Zoo (NV) Lori Ebbinga, Santa Barbara Zoo (CA) Dan Pearson, Metro Dr. E. Tobach, Am. Museum of Nat. Hist. (NY) Paul Kozakiewicz, Bronx Zoo (NY) Sue Stoll, Wildlife Trails-Stone Mt. Prk. (GA) Janice O'Brien, Lion Country Safari (FL) Sharon Evans, BR Ranch (FL) Dennis Robinson, Munici. Black Bear Hab. (TN) Jeannie Rice, Jacksonville Zool. Prk. (FL) Deborah Wofford, Jacksonville Zool. Prk. (FL) Barbara Kastner, Columbus Zoo (OH) Leanette Brown, Detroit Zoo (MI) Kerri Slifka, Brookfield Zoo (IL) Gail Perkins, Brookfield Zoo (IL) Angela Pruitt, St. Louis Zoo (MO) John Cohen, Denver Zoo (CO) Yael Merav, Los Angeles Zoo (CA) Catherine Snape, Metro Toronto Zoo (Ont.) Toronto Zoo (Ont.) Renewing Contributing Members Miller Park Zoo, Bloomington, IL Dickerson Park Zoo, Springfield, MO Friends of the Topeka Zoo, Topeka, KS Ellen Trout Zoo, Lufkin, TX Gerald W. Murrie, San Diego, CA Bermuda Aquarium, Museum & Zoo Library, Bermuda 3 Coming Events National WiMifsifehaMitators Association "SYMPOSIUM ’90" March 21-25, 1990 Ithaca, NY To be held at Cornell University, the Symposium's featured topics will be Toxins in the Environment and Oil Spills. Workshops will be held for acquisition of specific skills, including diagnosis and treatment, care and management, public education, catastrophic strategic planning. Workshops and lectures to include basic and advanced rehabilitation techniques, veterinary procedures, educational and management needs. For further information contact: Nancy Dabney, NWRA Announcement Chair, 2125 Wrens Way, Clearwater, FL 34624. 1990 AAZPA IfcgiQnal Conferences Central Regional - 11-13 March - for more information, contact Kathy Rickard, Gladys Porter Zoo, 500 Ringgold St., Brownsville, TX 78520 (512) 546-7187. Western Regional - 25-27 March - For more information, contact Kim Parker, Sacramento Zoo, 3930 West Land Park Dr., Sacramento, CA 95822 (916) 449-5166. Southern Regional - For more information, contact Mary Leverette, Riverbanks Zoological Park, P.O. Box 1060, Columbia, SC 29202 (803) 779-8717. Northeastern Regional - For more information, contact Gretchen Ellsworth, National Zoological Park, 3000 Block of Connecticut Ave., N.W., Washington, DC 20008 (202) 673- 4666. Great Lakes Regional - For more information, contact Jim Anderson, Fort Wayne Children's Zoo, 3411 Sherman Blvd., Fort Wayne, IN 46808 (219) 482-4610. Gorilla Workshop June 22-25, 1990 Powell, OH The Columbus Zoo is hosting a three-day Gorilla Workshop with the emphasis on behavioral solutions to behavioral problems in the captive gorilla population. For further information contact: The Great Apes Staff, The Columbus Zoo, Box 400, 9990 Riverside Dr., Powell, OH 43065. (614) 645-3426; FAX (614) 645-3465. Information Please I am interested in knowing of any zoos using chemical means of birth control ion Giraffe ( Giraffa Camelopardalis), especially oral drugs in use. Also any information regarding success in immobilizing adult giraffe would be appreciated; specifically techniques to support animal's weight, head and neck during knockdown. Please write to: Lee Houts c/o Sacramento Zoo, 3930 W. Land Park Dr., Sacramento, CA 95822 with any ideas or possible solutions. Information is requested on indoor enclosures for Musk ox with particular reference to what design features have been included to avoid the build-up of excessive moisture after daily cleaning. Any and all information on musk ox enclosures would be greatly appreciated. Please send to: Bruce Dobbs, Energy Resources, 7895 SW Mohawk, Tualatin, OR 97062, phone (503) 691-3969; FAX 503-691-3999. 4 iSy Quality exotic animal diets Nutritionally balanced Fixed formulation t Economical When you need a complete line of high-quality dry and frozen animal diets for your feeding program, call Animal Spectrum. NEBRASKA BRAND U, A Frozen feline diets Frozen bird of prey diets Frozen canine diet Chunk and chopped horsemeat, hearts, livers, rib, shank, and knuckle bones SPECTRUM BROOD-RITE HEATERS The original gluten-free primate diets. Banana flavored primate, 15% protein Banana flavored primate, Pro-Plus 25% protein Omnivore dry Polar Bear dry Ratite dry Hoofstock supplement, with Selenium Bulbless heaters— nothing to break. Safe around all animals and bedding material. Even heat distribution in 240, 500, or 750 wattages. One call does it all ££ 1 -800-228-4005 In Nebraska, call collect 402/488-6492 Animal Spectrum, Inc. Box 6307 Lincoln, NE 68506-0307 Births & Hatchings Central Arizona Chapter AAZK...reports the following significant B&H at their member institutions: Wildlife World Zoo...is happy to report its first litter of 2.2 New Guinea singing dogs ( Canis familiaris halstromi ) born 11-4-89. Although closely related to the Australian dingo, not much is known about these dogs. It may be that the dingo, singing dog, and similar dogs from South Asia and Southern United States fall into a category somewhere between wolves and domestic dogs. Between June and August 2.1 Scimitar-horned oryx ( Oryx dammah) were born. These births are important for both our zoo and the SSP program. Other notable hoofstock births were 1.0 Dama gazelle ( Gazella dama), and 0.1 Sable antelope ( Hippotragus niger). This female represents the second birth of this species for our institution. Three new exhibits will open between January and February 1990. A 3/4 acre rhino exhibit that will house 1.1 White rhino will be constructed of utility poles around the perimeter 4 1/2 feet high on the animal side and 3 1/2 feet high to the public. The poles are cemented 30" deep and 24" around. Next to the rhinos will be a tapir exhibit with the same type of perimeter fencing around 1/2 acre. This exhibit will be planted with grass and have a pool. The third new exhibit opening in February is a 3,300 squre foot tropical building. Reptiles, amphibians, and invertebrates will make up 75% of the exhibits. The remaining 25% will be birds and small mammals. The building will have 10 rooms (walk-in exhibits) containing large snakes, monitors, and alligators. There will be 24 smaller exhibits that will range from 6-10 square feet. The primate and bird exhibits will have outdoor/indoor access and viewing, submitted by Kara Wells Phoenix Zoo. ..the months of August through November have resulted in several significant mammal births including 1.0 Suni ( Neotragus moschatus), 0.0.2 Red kangaroo ( Megaleia rufa), 1.0 Colobus ( Colobus guereza kikuyuensis), 1.0 Sitatunga {Tragelaphus spekei), 0.1 Muntjac ( Muntiacus reevesi), 0.0.2 Red-handed tamarin ( Saguinus midas), 0.1 Waterbuck ( Kobus ellipsiprymnus), and 0.1 Arabian oryx ( Oryx leucoryx ) raising the total number of this endangered species bom at the Phoenix Zoo to 212 animals. The most inspiring mammal birth occurred on 18 October when our 10-year-old female Reticulated giraffe ( Giraffa Camelopardalis reticulata) "Chana" gave birth to her third calf, a male named "Frisco". The calf was born prematurely and was extremely weak, weighing just under 100 lbs and standing at a height of just under 5 feet. The calf was tube fed for one week and was walking well within eight days. A reintroduction attempt with the mother was made on the 9th day and although there appeared to be mutual interest, no attempts at nursing were ever made. The calf continued to be hand-raised and bottle-fed in visual proximity of the mother with short mother/calf introduction sessions. There were concerns for the health of the mother as she retained the placenta for five days before it was expelled. The mother was treated with antibiotics and no serious health problems ever resulted. The continued health improvements of both mother and calf and the gradual introduction with the remaining giraffes have resulted in both "Chana" and "Frisco" being successfully placed in the multi-species African Veldt exhibit in late November. 6 Births & Hatchings. Continued Five-week-old Reticulated Giraffe "Frisco" with his 10-year-old mother "Ghana" and five-year-old female "Jambo" at the Phoenix Zoo. After a shaky start, the youngster is doing well and has been reintegrated back into the herd along with his mother. (Photo courtesy of Dick George , Phoenix Zoo Photo) Other significant B &H include 0.0.12 Leopard tortoises ( Geochelone pardalis babcocki ) which were both artificially incubated and naturally hatched on exhibit; the birth of approximately 50 Red-bellied pirahna, and the hatching of 0.0.7 Egyptian geese ( Alopochen aegyptiacus ). 7 Births & Hatchings. Continued On a sad note, the Phoenix Zoo has recently lost some long-time residents including a 19- year-old male African lion ( Panthera leo ), a 15-year-old female Cheetah ( Acinonyx jubatus), a 15-year-old male Timber wol£ ( Canis lupus), and a male White-fronted lemur ( Lemur fulvus albifrons ) that was wild-caught as an adult in 1969. submitted by Anita Schanberger, Chapter Liaison, with help from Veldt keeper Teri Volk. Audubon Zoo (New Orleans. LA)...the following are significant B&H that have occurred at our zoo for 1989: Mammals: 0.1 Sumatran orangutan ( Pongo pygmaeus abelli), 0.0.1 Black and white colobus ( Colobus guereza caudatus ) and 1.1 (1 DNS) Talapoin ( Cercopithecus talapoin) were highlights for our Primate Dept. The female orang, "Siabu", was born in March and is being hand-raised along with another young female orang our zoo obtained from Tyler, TX. Our significant hoofstock births include 3.0 Sable antelope ( Hippotragus niger ) and 0.1 South American tapir ( Tapirus terrestres). Audubon Zoo has an excellent breeding history for the tapir. Finally, 0.0.1 Giant Indian fruit bat ( Pteropus giganteus) was born in early November and was a first for our 4.3 group. Birds: two species of hornbill have been successful with hatchings this year. Our breeding pair of Rhino hornbills ( Buceros rhinoceros) continued their success by producing a 1.0 chick. The only other pair breeding is at Discovery Island. 0.0.2 Wrinkled hornbills ( Rhyticeros corrugatus) were produced also. Our pair of wrinkled hornbills were the first to breed in captivity last year. 0.0.3 (1 DNS) Plate-billed mountain toucans C Andigena laminirostris) were hatched during June and July. The Los Angeles Zoo is the only zoo to have successfully reared this species. Our chicks were parent-reared. Other significant hatchings include: 0.0.1 Hyacinth macaw ( Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus), 0.0.11 (2 DNS) Caribbean flamingos ( Phoenicopterus ruber), and 0.0.8 (5 DNS) Javan tree ducks ( Dendrocygna javanica). Reptiles: hatching firsts for our Reptile Dept, were 0.0.4 Inland bearded dragons ( Amphibolurus vitticeps) from Australia and 0.0.42 Gaboon vipers ( Bitis gabonica rhinoceros). Birth firsts were 0.0.17 Brazilian rainbow boas ( Epicrates cenchris cenchris). submitted by Rhonda Votino, Chapter Liaison, Audubon Zoo AAZK Chapter, New Orleans, LA. Lincoln Park Zoo...ret>orts the following B&H and acquisitions from August-October 1989: on 4 October Lincoln Park received a mate for its 0.2 Koalas ( Phascolarctos cinereus). The three-year-old male is on permanent loan from the San Diego Zoo, as are the two females. Each of the females, ages 9 and 11, had one offspring while at San Diego, and we are hoping that they will reproduce here as well. The Large Mammal Dept, is excited about the return of Bozie, 0.1 Asian elephant ( Elephas maximus maximus) from Dickerson Park Zoo in Springfield, MO. Bozie went to Dickerson Park on 30 October, 1987 at age 12 in order to breed with their 23-year-ol.d male, Onyx. The breeding was successful and a pregnant Bozie returned to Chicago on 10 October. The baby is expected in December of 1990. So far this year our Small Mammal Dept, has had 10.9.4 births of the Short-eared elephant shrew ( Macroscelides proboscideus) with 7.8 surviving. As a result of this success we have been able to supply several other zoos with their own breeding pairs. Also, in September, we received a new wild-caught 0.1 elephant shrew from the Philadelphia Zoo, representing a new bloodline for our program. Lincoln Park has also resumed breeding Pygmy marmosets (Callithrix pygmaea), and in September 0.0.2 were born, the first since 1987. A 0.1 Pacarana ( Dinomys branickii) born on 25 August, was the 8th birth since the zoo first acquired these animals in 1982. The baby was pulled for hand-rearing due to apparent maternal neglect, and unfortunately died at three days of age. On 3 October a 1.0 La plata three-banded armadillo ( Tolypeutes matacus) was bom, the 4th birth of this species in 1989 (0.0.1 DNS). Births & Hatchings, Continued In the Great Ape House, 23-year-old Chimpanzee ( Pan troglodytes) "Vicki" gave birth to 1 .0 "Kiri" on 23 October. The sire is 11-year-old "M'Chawi" and "Kiri" is the second offspring of this pair. Unfortunately, Vicki's milk production was insufficient and Kiri has been pulled for hand-raising by Ape House keepers and Nursery staff. Also being raised by the Great Ape House staff is "Bulera", 0.1 Western lowland gorilla 0 Gorilla gorilla gorilla), who was born 22 January 1989. Bulera is significant in that she is the last offspring of Otto, one of the most popular animals in Lincoln Park Zoo's history. Otto, who came to the zoo in 1968 at approximately 5-6 years of age, sired 10 young before his sudden death in June 1988 from heart problems. Bulera's mother, "Benga" was the second gorilla ever born at Lincoln Park back in Aporil, 1971. Bulera was removed from her group due to a severe hand injury which she suffered in the exhibit on 4 March. She was treated by specialists from the Children's Memorial Hospital in Chicago, and underwent physical therapy until August. She will eventually be reintroduced to the gorilla group. Additional Mammal Dept, births include: 1.0 Arabain oryx ( Oryx leucoryx) on 21 October, and 1.0 Addra gazelle (Gazella damma ruficollis) on 23 August. In the Reptile Dept. 0.0.7 Cuban boas ( Epicrates angulifer) were born in October. Although Lincoln Park was one of the first institutions ever to breed these endangered snakes, it has been several years since they have reproduced here. The Reptile Dept has also produced 0.0.11 Leopard tortoises ( Geochelone pardalis) in order to undertake a nutrition study in conjunction with Baer and Associates and the Zoo Animal Hospital. The staff hopes that by studying the nutrition of these tortoises they will be able to develop the ideal diet for all tortoises living in semi-arid to arid areas, in particular the Radiated tortoise ( Geochelone radiata). Information compiled by Norah Farnham, Chapter Liaison and Andy Henderson, Chapter President. The Utah Chapter AAZK- .would like to report these significant occurances for three of our establishments for 1989: Hogle Zoological Gardens (Salt Lake City)...our Reptile Dept, had a pretty fine year. They reported a hatching of 0.0.24 Green iguana ( Iguana iguana) which were sent to the San Diego Zoo to be sent to Belize for a reintroduction project. Two firsts for the department were a hatching of 0.0.5 Chuckwalla ( Sauromelus o. obesus) and a successful incubation of 0.0.1 Desert tortoise ( Gropherus agassizi). We are very excited over the desert tortoise hatching because it goes along with one of our goals of helping a threatened species in our own backyard. We have just completed a large outdoor exhibit for the desert tortoises which we receive through confiscations by the Utah Department of Wildlife Resources. In the Bird Dept, our biggest success story is the hatching of 0.0.2 (1 DNS) Bald eagle ( Haliaeetus leucocephalus) The first part of this success is the fact that both of the parents are missing part or all of one wing. These birds were loaned to us by the USFWS because of their injuries. They are exhibited with our Pronghorn ( Antilcapra americana) and two Golden eagles ( Aquila chrysaetos). They picked a corner of the exhibit and built their nest on the ground. They defended eggs and young vigorously, running and screaming at anyone or anything which came too close. The second part of this story is that at about 11 weeks old, we pulled the surviving fledgling and shipped it off to Arkansas for a release program. At last report the bird was doing wonderfully on its own. This project was accomplsihed with the cooperation of our Department of Wildlife Resources, the Arkansas Department of Wildlife and the USFWS. Another significant hatching is that of 1.1 Lesser magellan goose ( Chloephaga p. picta). This is the second year we have bred this species. This season's clutch is amazing in the fact that this was a double clutch. The first clutch was unfortunately destroyed by a predator (raccoon) on the night it started to hatch. The adults than laid a second clutch of four eggs and hatched out two goslings. 9 Births & Hatchings. Continued We are continuing to have success with our Black -footed penguin ( Spheniscus demersus ) with a hatching late this summer of 0.0.1 chick. Our Mammal Dept, had an excellent year. Our trio of Springhaas ( Pedetes capensis ) had 0.1 offspring. Because the mother was not taking care of it, we pulled it for hand-rearing. Our nursery personnel did an outstanding job of fighting off several health problems and reared a wonderful addition to our collection. We had our first litters of African lion ( Panthera leo) since 1978. We had two litters of 0.1 each. They both were pulled for hand-rearing because of parental neglect. We reared 2.0 Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep ( Ovis c. canadensis ), one of which was bottle- fed with the herd after its mother died. We also had 0.6 (1 DNS) Llama ( Lama glama ) and 0.2 (1 DNS) Bactrian camel ( Camelus ferus bactrianus) born during this period. We are very proud to announce that our Polar bear ( Urus maritimus ) has just given birth to twins on 5 November. We are monitoring their progress by sound and video camera. We will hopefully announce their public debut early next spring. This is our third sucessful pregnancy but the first confirmed twins. Willow Park Zoo (Logan, UT)...reports the following significant B&H: 1.0 (DNS) Capuchin monkey ( Cebus apella), 0.1 Bennett’s wallaby ( Wallabia rufogrisca frutica), 0.2 Fallow deer ( Dama dama), 0.1 Rocky Mountain elk ( Cervus canadensis), 0.0.4 Himalayan monal ( Lophophorus impeyanus ), 0.0.6 Blue-eared pheasant ( Crossoptilon auritum), 0.0.1 Brown-eared pheasant ( Crossoptilon mantchurium), 0.0.6 Cheer pheasant ( Catreus wallichi), 0.0.2 Temminck's tragopan ( Tragopan temmincki), 2.1 Common shelduck ( Tadorna tadorna), 1.0 Maned goose ( Cheononetta jubata), 1.0 Nene goose ( Branta sandvicensis ), 0.0.2 Tundra swan ( Cygnus c. columbianus ), and 0.0.3 Orange- winged Amazon Amazona a. amazonica). Tracy Aviary (Salt Lake City)... had one very significant hatching this year. This was the first time they hatched a Golden eagle ( Aquila chrysaetos ). Unfortunately the female was killed by a vandal(s) a short time into the rearing period. Luckily though, the male took over complete care without a hitch and the eaglet was successfully reared. submitted by Stan Draper, Hospital and Bear Technician, Hogle Zoological Gardens, Salt Lake City, UT. Reid Park Zoo (Tucson. AZ)...a female Llama ( Llama glama) was bom on 25 October and a male was born on 14 November. The female's mother died from complications which developed during the birth and the young llama is being bottle-raised by zookeepers. The young male is being raised by his mother and can be seen on exhibit in the llama yard. There have been 12 llama births at Reid Park Zoo. Reid Park Zoo News Release. 10 Births & Hatchings. Continued Baltimore Zoo. ..an artificially inseminated Lion-tailed macaque ( Macaca silenus ) gave birth to 0.0.1 on 15 November. This is the first artificially inseminated lion-tailed macaque to give birth on record at the Baltimore Zoo and possibly in the world. The female was selected for the procedure due to her previous mothering experience (two infants conceived naturally). The father had never produced offspring prior to this birth. The female is part of the lion-tailed macaque SSP and is on breeding loan from the Como Zoo in St. Paul, MN. The Baltimore Zoo is dedicated to the conservation of lion-tailed macaques and is currently working to perfect the in-vitro fertilization and artificial insemination techniques used to advance this endangeres species. Baltimore Zoo News Release. Lion-tailed macaque bora at the Baltimore Zoo on 15 November, 1989. Conceived by artificial insemination. (Photo by: Larry Canner) 11 Ngare Sergoi Rhino Sanctuary Annual Report from Anna Merz Nineteen-eighty-nine has been a good year for our rhinos thanks both to the "extension" and to reasonable rains, 14 inches at time of this writing in mid-November. All have remained in good condition as have the other animals. The great excitement of the year has been the birth of our first white rhino calf, a male called N'Juku, to Marembo on 1 October. Though it is her first calf she is a most excellent mother and he seems to be flourishing. Sarnia is now nearly five and about 2/3 grown. She is quite independent and meets up with the other rhinos, but is still my friend and comes to the house regularly and many evenings joins me and the dogs on our daily walks. Always she is gentle and affectionate with me and my appreciation of her intelligence grows with my slowly increasing understanding. Thanks to Francis and Ian and our dedicated staff, the Shifta have not attempted to come here yet but the murder of George Adamson brought home very clearly the threat to our rhinos. George's death also came to me as a great shock and personal loss. I had four very wonderful days at Kora with him last year just before Christmas and did not see him again. His letters were a great source of both inspiration and encouragement to me. To all of you who have helped me and particularly Andy Lodge and the members of the Ngare Sergoi Support Group, I must say, on behalf of the rhinos and all of us here, a very big thank-you. Andy has now left the Columbus Zoo in Ohio and is working full-time for the Support Group and to raise public awareness on behalf of the rhinos and elephants of Kenya and all Africa. Andy, thank you. Thanks to all of you we are not only able to run this place, but to run it even better than before. Our security is updated and more efficient, we have more men in the field and they are better trained and equipped and are full of enthusiasm. Our re-housing project is well underway, partly funded by the Extension Acct. and partly by WWF in Switzerland which has also given us a new Toyota Landcruiser. My personal thanks go to Dr. Eva Metzger of Switzerland whose great generosity has enabled me to replace my poor battered old Suzuki with a bigger and more comfortable model so that now those of you who come and visit me can be driven around in much greater comfort. It has been lovely meeting old friends again here and also meeting so many of my supporters for the first time. I appreciate it greatly when people brave the hazards of my cooking to spend a couple of days here so that we can really get to know each other and be able to take a bit of time looking at the rhinos. I have been very busy this year trying to write a book about the rhinos and my life here both to try and raise public awareness as to what intelligent and fascinating animals they are and to try and raise a bit of money for them. I have now reached the stage of searching for a publisher. 0Uv$ 12 MEMO: TO: All AAZK Members/Chapters FROM: Bill Whittaker, Director of Regional and Chapter Affairs and Nancy Pintavalli, Co-Director CRAC RE: National Zoo Keeper Survey and Bowling for Rhinos Update The National Animal Keeper Survey has been initiated to compile information which will give us a much more accurate picture of the current state of our profession. It will also enable us to insure that the future course of our organization accurately reflects the needs and goals of the majority of professional keepers. This is a very important project and the first challenge for the Regional Coordinator System. Success will depend on all of us; coordinators, liaisons and keepers. We want to survey every keeper we can reach. The USDA list of licensed animal exhibitors is the most complete list of potential keeper employees. We have prioritized the list by type of facility: Type 1 -- Zoos and Aquariums Type 2 -- Parks, Ranches, Farms Type 3 — Private Collections, Performers We are targeting Types 1 and 2 totalng about 550 facilities. We separated the list by regions and established a target load per coordinator of 10-15 facilities. All coordinators have received a list of the target facilities assigned to them and should have recruited a liaison at each one by 1 January. The coordinators will be supplied with the survey to be distributed to their liaisons. The questionnaire is divided into two parts; census and survey. The liaison will personally contact every keeper at their facility. They will ask the keeper if he/she will participate by filling out the form. If the reply is no, the liaison will fill out the census section with information known. If the response is yes, the liaison will give the keeper the form and request that it be completed and returned by a specific date. In the event a keeper fails to return the form by the deadline, the liaison will fill out a census page. The liaison will collect all completed forms, including a census form for each keeper employed at the facility, and return them to the coordinator. When the coordinator has received completed forms from all the facilities assigned to him/her, they will send them to me. Finally, a reminder that the 1989 Annual Financial Statement is due by 31 January, 1990. As February fast approaches, many Chapters have elaborate plans underway for the 1st Annual Bowling for Rhinos. We are currently taking orders for the sponsor sheets. This is a two-part carbonless form available free of charge and which MUST BE USED FOR THIS EVENT. I must know as soon as possible if your institution (you don't have to be a Chapter to participate) is hosting a bowl-a-thon. Some items for sale nationally include: Logo T-shirts by Bruce Wojcik of the John Ball Zoo (MI) (616) 776-2591; hand-painted Ngare Sergoi rhino pins by Adrian and Val Haft of the Louisville, KY AAZK Chapter (502) 459-2181; and the official Bowling for Rhinos Logo patch by Suzanne Husband of Toledo AAZK Chapter (419) 385-5721. Please remember when planning your event to set sufficient guidelines for bowling activities or any raffles that you might hold. If you have any problems or questions please do not hesitate to call. Once again, official sponsor forms are available at no charge by writing or calling: Nancy Pintavalli (614) 766-6475 (home) 5903 Avery Rd. #B Amlin, OH 43002 (614) 645-3400 (work) If you have difficulty reaching me by phone you can send your request for Sponsor Sheets by FAX. My FAX number is 614-645-3465--include your name, address, quantity of sponsor sheets desired and date of your event. 13 The Non-Professional Member of AAZK Jenny Cuccinello Greater San Francisco Bay Area Chapter A non-professional member is in a good position to make a difference. We bring to the association our varied experiences and talents and often have everyday contact with those who can help make changes. I spend my days, evenings and weekends too, as a retail manager. It is a balancing act between my customers’ wants and needs, upper management's promotions and sales goals, and motivating sales associates. I enjoy the opportunity to belong to an organization where I can help make a different kind of impact. It is easy to feel uncomfortable as a non-professional member of a professional organization, but remember you experience many of the same frustrations and challenges in your occupation that keepers do; maybe you can offer suggestions to solutions. Everyday we work with the people AAZK is trying to influence. By our enthusiasm and involvement we encourage them to be aware of the world around them. We can help tap these sources either for financial support or promotional help. You are our spokesperson; you know their language. In retail, money motivates. Companies get involved with community organizations and concerns to enhance their image and increase business. What motivates people in your field? Your membership shows you care and want to be involved; the question is how? Committees are a good way to get started. They help focus energy on specific goals and objectives. Are you a student? Join the education committee; help us get your professors, class and school involved. The fundraising committee needs you too! Maybe you have done a unique type of promotion, know of a special way to market an idea or, better yet, just like to raise money for good causes. This is an active organization, but we can do more with your help. Whether or not you ever become, or want to become, a keeper, your ideas, experiences and participation is vital to this organization. We need your help to make it work. If you have questions or ideas call or write your local chapter. Let's make this a year of change and progress. 14 Book Review Ourselves and Other Animals By Peter Evans (from the television series featuring Gerald and Lee Durrell) Copyright 1987 Pantheon Books, New York, NY 220 pgs. including glossary and index Hardback $24.95 Review by Adrienne Miller Zookeeper I Acting Registrar Roger Williams Park Zoo Providence, RI "To be healthy, it is necessary to make contact with other kinds of living things. If human beings are going to reach their full potential for health, they must not limit their companionships to their own kind. If people are to come to terms with their own animal nature, they must feel the rest of the living world around them." The above quote, found near the end of Ourselves and Other Animals, is from Dr. Alan Beck, veterinarian and firm proponent of the use of animals for therapy. The last sentence is an accurate summation of the concept this book explores. Based on the television series featuring Gerald and Lee Durrell, its chapters touch on a variety of subjects, from finding food to finding a mate, and how we humans really are just another species of animal trying to survive. Through Mr. Evans' book we are "able to learn a little more about ourselves by starting with other species." (p. 12). There is a wealth of information contained in the pages here, with many interesting anecdotes about animal life. Problems and successes for animals from ants to antelopes, bunnies to bears, and prairie dogs to people are discussed in depth. The photographs are excellent, with some of the best shots of invertebrates I've seen published. However, I did not find the book as engrossing or absorbing as I kept wanting it to be. Perhaps it was taken too literally from the television series. I often felt that I was reading the script from a slide show or old-fashioned filmstrip with each paragraph telling its own short story. I could almost tell where the break for commercials would be in the telecast. The text was a bit choppy with little flow. The chapters, however, were well arranged, starting with simple communication, traveling through family life, and ending with the hotly-contested debate over conscious thought and "intelligence" in species other than our own. I may have found my reason for dissatisfaction with the book in the last chapter. While discussing the variables of testing intelligence, the famous case of Koko, the signing gorilla, was mentioned. The book stated that Dr. Penny Patterson "had been teaching Koko since 1970 when she met the infant chimpanzee in San Francisco Zoo." I kept trying to pass the use of the incorrect species off as an editors' error, but then I began to wonder, how many other small errors were there? What other facts presented were in truth slightly 15 Book Review. Continued incorrect? Maybe I just hadn't trusted the book's accuracy and that was my misgiving from page one. The chapter "People and Pets" was the most enjoyable one to me, probably due to my firm belief in the necessity of interaction between our species and the rest of the animal world. And reading Mr. Evans' description of newly clipped poodles as "hideous canine topiary" made the entire book worth the read. Chapter News AAZK Edmonton Chapter Our Chapter has increased to 31 members. At our last two monthly meetings we had guest speakers who gave our Chapter very informative talks. In October, Nancy Collinge, who has done enormous studies on Japanese macaques, spoke on her work. In November, Bill Wishart from Alberta Fish and Wildlife presented his research on the hybrid deer. This was especially interesting to many of us as three hybrid deer fawns were hand-raised at the zoo this year. At our last meeting we also voted on a Chapter logo (see insert), after a very close vote we decided on the wood bison as our symbol. The wood bison is native to Alberta. Our logo was designed by Chapter member Grant Trachuk. We are now looking into ordering crests and stationary. We are continuing our fundraising for the Ngare Sergoi Reserve in Kenya. So far over $1330 has been raised with more fundraisers set. With the extra media coverage as well as the recent episode of the TV series "McGiver" being dedicated to the black rhino, we are looking forward to increasing public awareness on the subject. It is encouraging also that a local Edmonton high school's Conservation Club has shown interest in joining AAZK. The club, which is comprised of about 36 students, wants to raise money for conservation projects and is looking towards making black rhinos one of their causes. On behalf of the Edmonton Chapter, we wish you all a Happy New Year. -Wendy Keeling Chapter Member Cypress Coast Chanter AAZK The Cypress Coast Chapter held its monthly meeting for November on Wednesday, Nov. 8th at LionCountry Safari in West Palm Beach, FL. Chapter President William Garrison stepped down from office due to personal reasons. In accordance with Chapter By-laws, the Board of Directors appointed Chapter officer Tami Ryf to the office of President. Then Chapter member Susan Hall- White was appointed to the office of Chapter Secretary and the voting members voted to allow Chapter member Lauren Porter to assist with duties of Chapter Treasurer. -James D'Amico Chapter Liaison 16 Chapter News. Continued Toledo Chapter AAZK The Chapter held its annual Haunted House fundraiser October 27-29. The event, held in the zoo's amphitheater dressing rooms, brought in 4,263 people and raised $6,813.00. The keepers also participated in the zoo's Halloween Pumpkin Patch in which children follow a trail of lit pumpkins through the zoo and stop at various theme stations where people in costume hand out treats. Committee members are now in the process of choosing a hotel site for the 1991 National AAZK Conference. The Chapter began an annual conservation grant of $500 to sponsor a keeper to do conservation-oriented research. This year's recipient traveled to the Virgin Islands to help our Curator of Reptiles, Peter Tolson, with his study of the Virgin Island boa. -Suzanne Husband Secretary I Chapter Liaison InflianaPQlis Zqq AAZK Chapter We recently held our officer election. Those elected are: President..... Paula Reiss Vice Pres.. ...Patty Peartree Secretary Jan Dourlet Treasurer Rose Baker Chapter Lisiaon....Mark Marciniak Our "Bowling for Non-Game" fundraiser for Indiana Non-Game Fund was a success raising almost $600 for this worthy cause. We also participated in Indiana DNR eagle watch program. Members of our Chapter went to an observation tower and took notes on six hacked out bald eagle chicks that are being introduced back in Indiana. This lasted for most of the summer and early fall. We are currently forming a T-shirt committee and gearing up for February’s "Bowling for Rhinos". - Mark Marciniak Chapter Liaison Beardsley Chanter AAZK On 27 October we held the first in a series of educational fundraisers. George Zepko, long-time professor at Wesleyan University, accepted our invitation and gave a very informative and interesting lecture on the habits and habitat of Barn Owls. The lecture followed a family of barn owls from their mating, to hatching and up to the time the young were tagged and on their own. The lecture was highlighted by the showing of one of the zoo’s own barn owls. The officers of the Beardsley Chapter AAZK would like to thank George Zepko, group members and all the attending public for helping to make our first function a success. - April Fornabaio Chapter Liaison Huraet Park Zoo AAZK Chapter The Burnet Park Zoo Chapter is pleased to announce our newly elected slate of officers for 1990: President.....Tom LaBarge Vice Pres Laina Matteson Secretary. ....Holly Reid Treasurer Nancy Porter Our chapter has been collecting donations for the World Wildlife Fund and, to date, we have donated approximately $1200. The National Conference sponsored by our chapter appears to have been a great success. The financial report is now being finalized and as soon as that happens a Chapter financial report will be submitted to the national organization. Our chapter plans to purchase a video camera with some of the proceeds of the conference. We plan to make this equipment available to Chapter members to be used for educational purposes and for behavioral studies. -Holly Reid, Secretary 17 Chapter News. Continued Riverside Chapter AAZK AAZK is pleased to welcome the Riverside Zoo Chapter to the Association. Their mailing address is 1600 S. Beltline Hwy., Scottsbluff, NE 69361. They were chartered by AAZK on 10 October 1989. Their officers are: President Pete Riger Vice President Ken Ridgeway Sec/Treas Carla Riger Chapter Liaison Pete Riger This new chapter has already begun several projects including a Zoo Bowl held in December, recycling project in conjunction with local schools and a conservation effort at Scottsbluff National Monument with a local Boy Scout troop in which unsightly debris (dumped cans, etc.) are cleared up and recycled with proceeds given to the Monument. San Diego Chapter AAZK The San Diego AAZK Chapter recently held a contest to choose a new logo (see insert). Winning artist was Pilar Rinky (WAP Cheetahs). The new logo will appear on T-shirts, sweatshirts, Chapter stationary, newsletter masthead and other merchandise. AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF ZOO KEEPERS SAN DIEGO CHAPTER The Chapter also remains active in the AAZK Foreign Keeper Sponsorship Program. They are currently sponsoring a Thai zoo official and recently approved sponsorship for keepers at two Russian zoological institutions. The Chapter is also gearing up for February's "Bowling for Rhinos" fundraiser for the Ngare Sergoi Black Rhino Sanctuary in Kenya. Even before taking on this most recent nationally-sponsored rhino fund- raiser, the San Diego Chapter had raised $2,832.00 locally for the reserve. The Chapter also held a program fundraiser for Mission: Wolf, a non- profit organization, and a sanctuary and refuge for wolves. In September, Pamela Brown and Kent Weber of Mission: Wolf presented an educational show on wolf conservation in the United States. Mission: Wolf Sanctuary is located in the Sangre de Cristo mountains in Southern Colorado. Their wolves come from people who had acquired them as pets and then realized wolves don’t make good ones. They are all maintained in pack situations, but are separated by sex during breeding season so that no mating occurs. The monies generated from the presentation, $300.00, were donated to the sanctuary to help feed and maintain the program. The Chapter held its annual Christmas dinner on 12 December. Joan Embery was guest speaker with an interesting topic: out-takes from her career which included bloopers from Joan's appearances on the Tonite Show, Merv Griffin, etc., plus many from Animal Express. Members brought potluck dishes and also canned food items for the Chapter's annual canned food drive. Guy Lichty writes: "The San Diego Chapter would like to extend our sincere gratitude to the Board and membership of AAZK for awarding us the bid for the 18th National Conference in 1991. Many of- our committees are already set up and in full swing. In fact, watch the AKF in the coming months for details on the 25th Anniversary Conference Logo Contest. A logo contest already, you say? That's right! We want to stay on top of AAZK's Silver Anniversary, and we're starting right now. You should be, too! Just think. ..if you put away a quarter a day from now until the fall of 1991, you'd have over $250 to help get you to San Diego for the best AAZK conference ever! Any questions or comments, contact Guy Lichty, 25th Anniversary Conference Committee, AAZK, San Diego Zoo, P.O. Box 551, San Diego, CA 92112 (619) 231- 1515 Ext. 4499. -from The Keeper, Newsletter of the San Diego Chapter 12/89 and letter from Guy Lichty Raising £-e-e-gore! Susan Tt. Barnard, Lead Keeper Dept, of Herpetology, Zoo Atlanta Atlanta, GA "There was full moonlight, and 1 could see that the noise was made by a great bat, which wheeled round - doubtless attracted by the light, although so dim - and every now and again struck the window with its wings." Bram Stoker in Dracula (1897) Reluctantly, I surfaced to a state of consciousness, as I heard my husband, Steve, quietly repeat my name. Again he whispered, "Sue, Sue!" I thought the worst; perhaps a killer stalked the house and in my stupor I could not recall what procedures were recommended. Again I heard, "Sue, Sue, wake-up!" I was thinking that if we remained still and quite, the intruder might go away. I softly replied, "Yes, Steve, I'm awake!" Suddenly, as if the room had been shattered by thunder, he bellowed, "Your bat is out! It's on my neck!" It all began on the afternoon of 3 June 1982. A strange air of fascination filled the Atlanta Zoo reptile house as staff gathered around a cardboard box just delivered by some painters. Scattered within were wrinkled, naked, baby bats hanging upside-down. We identified them as big brown bats, but they looked like weird animated blobs from outer-space. "Where did they come from?" a zoo keeper asked. "Why are they painted?" another wanted to know. "Why were they taken from wherever they were?" The questions kept coming. Defensively, the painters spoke up. They said they were contracted to paint a house and found the bats in the attic. They informed the owner, who hysterically proceeded to spray them with an insecticide. Suddenly, according to the painters, it began to rain baby bats. Mother bats were flying helter-skelter as the owner of the house continued the attack. When the one-sided battle was over, the babies lay helplessly scattered about. "A few fell into our paint cans, " one painter explained. "We brought them here hoping you folks could help them in some way." As a dedicated animal keeper I marvelled over their concern for the infant bats, but I couldn't help wondering why Curator Hunt would allow a "box full of rabies" in the reptile house. This thought must have crossed his mind too, because he instructed us to wear gloves when we handled them. Like most folks, we were victims of alarmist propaganda, but our bat education was about to begin. On the way home with my bizarre brood, I stopped off at a veterinary clinic to purchase a powdered milk diet for my babies. The technician handed me a can large enough to house the tiny critters — it must have contained enough formula to feed all the bats in the world. Rejecting the prepared diet, I intuitively decided upon a formula of condensed milk, vitamin drop, and honey. Sure enough, all chowed down as if they hadn't seen food in two days, which they hadn't! 19 Raising E-e-e-gore!, Continued The following morning was my day off so I was able to focus my undivided attention on the baby bats. All were alive, hungry and of course upside-down. For their comfort I had prepared a warm nursery in a small fiberglass cage. It was lightweight enough for carrying, was glass fronted for observing, and was tall enough for the baby bats to move up and down to regulate their temperature. They scuttled about the upright cork bark, each finding its own niche under the warm red light bulb that bathed them. I fed them, one at a time, every two hours - one fed, and six to go; two fed, and five to go; and so forth, until all had full bellies. The bats were easy to handle and they fed readily, making my task an enjoyable one. All was going smoothly and I felt rather proud of the way I had mastered the situation. As the hours passed I looked forward to interacting with the bat brood. To my joy, feeding time rolled around once again. ..three fed, and four to go; four fed, and three to go. As I reached for number five, a chill ran through my entire body. Number five did not wiggle and squeal as I plucked it off the bark. Its little body was cold and stiff; still clinging upside-down as it had during life. As the hours slowly ticked by, more babies died. The first to go were those covered with paint, then the tiniest of the group, and so on it went. I began detesting a person whom I had never met. "Why?" I cried! How could anyone maliciously attack such helpless animals? Then, I recalled my thought when I first peered into the cardboard box: a box "full of rabies." How could I detest the person responsible for the death of these innocent animals when, even as a professional, my thoughts about bats were just as prejudiced? By the time I had returned to work after the weekend, six babies had perished. I sent the tiny bodies out to be examined for rabies. Not only were the bats free of rabies, but I learned that there had never been a reported case from a big brown bat in Georgia. Misunderstood and feared by many people, bats like Egore fill an important ecological niche in nature consuming many times their own weight in insects each day. (Photo © Dr. Merlin Tuttle) 20 Raising E-e-e-gore?. Continued The survivor was weak and dehydrated. It was time to set my old prejudices aside, rely on my professional background, and do my best to save this bat. I started the mini creature on forced fluids. Then I called Mr. Brad House, a man of impeccable credentials, and former Curator of Mammals at the Bronx Zoo. We exchanged information and the campaign to save the bat was under way. Having but one bat left, I became aware of details that had previously escaped me. For example, I realized "it" was a female. The bat was now known as little "Egore" (no disrespect to Igor). As the many days passed her name sprouted more and more e's until Egore became E-e-e-gore! She was so precious! Like all growing mammals, Egore had to be weaned from the formula for a more substantial diet, a mixture of ripe banana, cottage cheese, canned dog food, insects, and vitamins. On this brew, Egore grew stronger. A rich, silky coat covered her wee body, and because of her improving condition she began wing-stretching and grooming activities. When I called "Egore," she responded with body language. Her tiny head cocked back and forth and her big ears wiggled as she yawned wide, displaying her shiny new teeth. She was developing into a beautiful and healthy young bat. It appeared that the time was nearing when I would have to prepare Egore for the wild. This meant that she would have to catch her own food like other bats. "Sue, why are you doing deep-knee bends with Egore?" Steve inquired nervously. He, no doubt, thought I had gone ’bats'. "I'm teaching her how to fly," I replied; not really sure I was doing this quite right. "There’s a better way," he said with authority. He was, after all, the director of the zoo. "Give me that bat!" He placed Egore on the palm of his hand and raised his arm high over his head. He then dropped his hand briskly as if to shake her off. Over and over he repeated this motion, but Egore remained fast in his hand - she stuck tightly, so as not to be "accidently" flipped off during these daredevil exercises. I inquired as to where he got his bat training experience, and he sheepishly replied, "It works with birds!" In spite of us, little Egore got the message. One evening, after being dropped from her thumbs, she began fluttering her wings. She dropped into beanbag chairs and kamikazied into walls. Night after night her flight training continued, as she slipped under bookshelves, planters, or the stereo. It was becoming quite clear that if Egore was to develop into a well-adjusted bat, I needed advice from a professional bat person. After having read Bob Strohm's National Wildlife article, "Most 'Facts' About Bats are Myths," is seemed Merlin Tuttle, Curator of Mammals at the Milwaukee Public Museum was just the expert I needed. "You said bats live HOW long, Dr. Tuttle?" "Up to 30 years," he replied. Thirty plus forty-eight. I found it hard to imagine myself at 78, crawling about every nook and cranny in retirement city retrieving a pet bat. "How can I prepare Egore for release?" I asked. Ignoring my question, he excitedly talked about his favorite subject - bats! I learned that despite common misconceptions, most bats are harmless and highly beneficial. They are not mostly carriers of dread diseases, such as rabies, and even the few that do become sick are rarely aggressive. They are not blind, do not become entangled in women’s hair, and do not infect people's homes with bedbugs. Statistics show that even valued household pets, such as dogs, account for more human harm in a single year than bats have in more than 30 years of record keeping. In the relatively few instances when people are harmed by bats, it is usually because they carelessly picked up an obviously sick individual. Bats that permit themselves to be picked up are likely sick and should be avoided. 21 Rais in if E-e-e-gore!. Continued Flight lessons became part of the daily routine for Susan and Egore as the wildlife rehabilitator attempted to adapt the tiny bat to the rigors of surburban living. (Photo © Dr. Merlin Tuttle) Dr. Tuttle talked about bat diets. Most are insectivorous, though some are carnivorous and hunt small animals, such as mice, fish, or frogs. Others eat nectar or fruit, making them an important factor in the seed-despersing phase of plant reproduction; many economically important plants depend on bats for pollination. The shelves of our grocery stores contain many products from bat-adapted plants, including peaches, bananas, avocados, almonds, cashews, cloves, and dates. I learned that an insect-eating bat like Egore can consume up to 3,000 or more insects in a single evening. I thought to myself about my little Egore, who should be learning how to catch her own food. She was almost ready to be trained to catch whole insects. This reminded me as to why I had called, so I politely interrupted, "Dr. Tuttle, bats are fantastic, but how should I go about teaching Egore to survive in the wild?" Apparently, I got his attention because he began telling me how "easy" it was. .."First gather up some moths and beetles, and hold them between your fingers while you present them to her. Let her become adjusted to the buzzing wings. Once she accepts noisy insects from your fingers you’ll need to encourage her to..." As he continued to explain the training program for hunting and catching insects in flight, I didn't have the heart to tell him that Egore was scared silly of anything that moved in her dinner plate, much less something that was going to buzz too. 22 Raising E-e-e-irore!, Continued As I peered at my notes it was becoming clear that a person with Dr. Tuttle's bat knowledge could easily train a bat to live in the wild. But I was devoted to my career in herpetology, and had many projects and commitments that did not allow time for a repatriation project. Living free, while a noble concept, was as alien to Egore as it was for a wild bat to live inside my house. As Dr. Tuttle graciously educated me on the world of bats, I realized that Egore had found her home. It was I who would have to adapt to a "wild" way of life. Today, Egore has finally mastered house-flight. That is, when she is at flying weight. If I unknowingly feed her too many mealworms she barely gets airborne. I call this "fat-bat flight". Even little Egore is bewildered by her crash-landings. After all, her instincts tell her that she should be agile and graceful. In fact, when she is at proper flight-weight, she can maneuver better than a Sopwith Camel. I talked with Curator Hunt about some of Dr. Tuttle's ideas. Howard had a few of his own, too. "Have you gone 'round the bend', Sue?" Steve exclaimed. I replied defensively, "It was Howard's idea and I agree. This may be just the thing Egore needs to learn how to catch insects, and it will help her keep in flying form." She no longer feared insects and I thought that hanging her mealworms from the ceiling would heighten her mealtime pleasures. There was also the possibility that she would learn how to catch insects in mid- flight. "You'll have to come up with a better idea," Steve informed me smugly, "because they're wiggling free of the string and are all over the place." Frustrated, I sewed the worms onto the string and let Egore loose to feast on the carefully prepared treat. I was astonished at her outstanding aerobatics as she winged through the dangling mealworms with precision. She darted to and fro, carefully avoiding any contact with the mealworm-string maze. She made it very clear that dinner was to be served on a plate and should not dangle from the ceiling. Steve also emphasized this point. Egore's evening flights are routinely scheduled and carefully monitored for her safety. Like most youngsters, however, she often finds a way around this structured existence by finding escape routes from her cage. It takes time to develop a caging system for an animal that flies like a bird, scuttles like a spider, and is as small as a mouse so she sometimes makes unscheduled rounds at early hours of the morning. I fear she will one day accidentally leave the house through the chimney. So folks, if you see a bat silently flapping through the evening sky, hope it finds sanctuary. It could be Egore making an unscheduled flight. Photographs by Dr. Merlin Tuttle, Bat Conservation International, P.O. Box 162603, Austin, TX 78716. Post Script: Egore still thrives and is approaching her 8th birthday. Over the years, she has helped to teach the public about the many benefits of bats, and has delighted thousands of children throughout the Atlanta area with her "charming" mannerisms. Zoos wishing to enhance their education and conservation programs should consider using hand-raised bats in their live-animal demonstrations. For more information the reader can contact Sue Barnard, Georgia Department of Natural Resources Wildlife Rehabilitator, 6146 Fieldcrest Drive, Morrow, GA 30260, or call (404) 624-5618. 23 Legislative Outlook By John Stoddard AAZK Legislative Advisor Brookfield Zoo, Brookfield, IL Worldwide ivory trade halted On 17 October 1989, the 103 nations that belong to the U.S.-sponsored Convention on Interna- tional Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) voted in Lausanne, Switzerland to enact a total ban on the international trade in ivory. The ban is to take effect on 18 January 1990. The decision was seen as a major victory for Tanzania, Kenya, and other countries in east, west and central Africa that have sought an international ivory ban to help them protect their dwindling elephant populations. Supporters of the ban argued that as long as there is a legal flow of ivory out of Africa it is virtualy impossible to stop poachers from laundering illegally taken ivory through a legally exporting country, and that the huge demand for legal ivory keeps prices high enough to outweigh the risks of poaching. Opponents of the ban argued that countries that have mananaged their elephant herds should not be punished for other nation's failure to do so. In these countries elephant herds are stable and even growing, allowing individuals to be culled and ivory sold. The money from the ivory is used to fund the elephant conser- vation program. The ivory trade has come under increasing pressure recently as a result of import bans this past summer in some of the world's major ivory consumers: the European Community, Hong Kong, Japan, and the United States. The 17 October action makes these bans perma- nent and closes all remaining markets. Six African countries opposed the ban and three - Botswana, Mozambique, and Zimbabwe- indicated their intent to file a reservation, a legal motion that would exempt them from the decision. Such an exemption would allow member countries that can prove sound wildlife management techniques to resume limited trade in ivory. This amounts to at least a two- year moratorium because exemptions will not be considered until the next conference in 1991. Even then exempt countries may have a difficult time finding a buyer since no party to CITES would be allowed to accept such ivory after the ban takes effect in January. In further discussion on 19 October the conference delegates extended the ban to include hundreds of tons of ivory already stockpiled. The convention’s secretariat had proposed an exemption for stockpiled ivory because of fears that smugglers will move in to meet demand if the sale of legally acquired stocks is outlawed. Delegates rejected the proposal and voted to include stockpiled ivory, much of which is believed to be of illegal origin, in the ban. Hong Kong, one of the largest producers of worked ivory, is believed to hold the majority of stockpiled ivory. An estimated 3,000 craftsmen in Hong Kong carve and work ivory. In a related item, the U.S. delegation to CITES called for the United National Environmen- tal Programme (UNEP) to investigate certain activities by the CITES Secretariat and its head, the Secretary General. The action was prompted by the admission that $80,500 in unexplained funds were generated from the sale of confiscated skins of endangered liz- 24 Legislative Update. Continued ards that had entered Guyana illegally from Brazil. The Secretariat said that proceeds of the sale were to be used to fund conservation efforts in Guyana. The Secretary General has been under seige since it was discovered that he had arranged a pre-convention meeting in Amsterdam of African and Latin delegates key to the ivory issue, without the knowledge of the other Parties to the Treaty. The Secretariat has also admitted accepting nearly $200,000 from ivory traders on behalf of CITES over the past sev- eral years. The Secretariat, who has been lobbying against an international ivory ban, was a key fig-, ure in forging an amnesty for poached ivory that legitimized 89 tons of ivory in Burundi, 270 tons in Singapore, and more than 60 tons in Somalia. >From World Wildlife Fund (news release) and articles posted on EcoNet Network FWS listing changes The following species were added to the Fish and Wildlife Service listings of Threatened and Endangered Species during the months of March through June 1989. Speckled pocketbook mussel (Lampsilis streckeri) Anastasia Island beach mouse Southeastern beach mouse Chinese river dolphin (Lipotes vexillifer) Endangered Endangered Threatened Endangered >From USFWS Endangered Species Technical Bulletin (Mar, May, and June 1989) 25 Limited Number of 1989 Conference Proceedings Available for Sale If you have not already ordered your copy of the Proceedings from the 1989 AAZK National Conference held inSyracuse, NY, there are a limited number of copies available following the pre-order mailing. These will be sold on a first come, first served basis. To order, fill out the form below and return to AAZK Administrative Offices, 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606. Cost is $7.00 for AAZK members, $12.00 for non-members. Orders outside the U.S. and Canada should add $3.00 extra per copy for postage costs. Papers published in the 1989 Proceedings include: The Animal Data Transfer Form • Update: Zoo Infant Development Project • Gummivory: It's Significance and Potential Use in Captive Wildlife • Techniques Used in the Hand-Rearing and Subsequent Reintroduction to Her Mother of a Lowland Gorilla • Hand-Rearing, Growth and Development of Fisher • Zoo Atlanta's Search for the Red Ape • Management and Breeding of the Southern White Rhinoceros • Quarantine and Acclimatization of Bee-Eaters at the San Diego Zoo • Bull Asian Elephant Facility at Dickerson Park Zoo • Hand-Raising Scarlet Ibis • Neonatal Growth Weights in Guenther's Dik Dik • The Making of a Zoo-The Newark Mini Zoo • Research in Natural Habitat Enclosures at the Duke University Primate Center • Introduction of a Male Colobus to an Existing all-Male Group • Behavior and Management of Small Deer at the San Diego Zoo • Waste Reduction Program at Metropolitan Toronto Zoo • The Use of Ultrasound in Managing a Breeding Colony of Galago • Keeper Personality Survey • A Tropical Renaissance: It's All in a Day's Work • Husbandry Notebooks and Unit Procedures • Rain Forest Husbandry at the National Aquarium in Baltimore • Brookfield Zoo Intern Program • Developing Educational Shows with Available Animals and Staff • M.A.Z.E. -Magnet Assisted Zoo Education • and The Creation and Operation of a Native Hummingbird Exhibit. Also included in the Proceedings are An Overview of the 1989 Meeting of the AAZK Board of Directors • A Synopsis of the Australasian RAP Session • and the handout materials from a workshop on "A Simple Method for Primate Cycle Evaluations". 1989 Conference Proceedings Order Form I wish to order copy (ies) AAZK Member _ Non-Member ($7.00 each) ($12.00 each) Orders outside U.S. and Canada add $3.00 per copy for postage. TOTAL ENCLOSED $ Name: Address: — — — — City: — — _____ — — — State/Province: Zip/Postal Code: — — — _ — — Phone: _____ 26 CHAPTER AND REGIONAL AFFAIRS COMMITTEE Director of Chapter and Regional Affairs Committee - Bill Whittaker, Toledo Zoo, 2700 Broadway, Toledo, OH 43609. (419) 385-5721 Ext. 251. Home address: 10740 Obee Rd., Whitehouse, OH 43571. (419) 877-0681 {h}. Assist. Directors- Colleen Kinzley (west) {312} 485- 0263 Ext. 489 [w]; (312) 442-5872 [h] and Nancy Pintavalli (east) {614} 645-3400 [w]; {614} 766-' 6475 [h]. REGIONAL COORDINATORS. Elandra Aum, Woodland Park Zoo, 5500 Phinney Ave. N., Seattle, WA 98103 (206) 684-4880 [w] for the States of WA, OR (North Pacific Coast) Todd Cecil, San Francisco Zoo, Sloat Blvd. @ the Pacific Ocean, San Francisco, CA 94132 for Northern California and Northern Nevada [South Pacific Coast] Celeste Northrop, San Diego Zoo, P.O. Box 551, SanDiego, CA 92112 for Southern California and Southern Nevada [South Pacific Coast] VACANCY for the States of ID, MT, WY (North Mountain) John Turner, Denver Zoo, 23rd St. & Steele, City Park, Denver, CO 80205 for the States of UT & CO, (South Mountain) Ed Hansen, Reid Park Zoo, 1100 S. Randolph Way, Tucson, AZ 85716 for the States of AZ & NM [South Mountain] Carla Wieser, Omaha's Henry Doorly Zoo, 10th St. & Deer Park Blvd., Omaha, NE 68107 for the states of NE & IA (North Plains) Wendy Davis, Lake Superior Zoo, 7210 Fremont St., Duluth, MN 55807 for the States of MN & IA (North Plains) Steve Tigges, Tulsa Zoological Park, 5701 E. 36th St. North, Tulsa, OK 74115 for the States of KS, OK, MO, AR (Central Plains) Debbie Jackson, Little Rock Zoological Gardens, #1 Jonesboro Dr., Little Rock, AR 72205 for the State of AR (Central Plains) Rick Smith, ( St. Louis Zoo), 6316 Washington Ave., University City, MO 63130 (mailing address) for the State of MO (Central Plains) Joanna Arne son, Lee Richardson Zoo, P.O. Box 499, Garden City, KS 67846 for the State of KS (Central Plains) Ann Marie Greco, San Antonio Zoo, 3903 N. St. Mary's St., San Antonio, TX 78212 for the States of TX and LA (South Plains) Joe Rindler, Columbus Zoo, 9990 Riverside Dr., Box 400, Columbus, OH 43065 for the States of OH and KY {Great Lakes Region) Colleen Kinzley, Brookfield Zoo, 3300 Golf Road, Brookfield, IL 60513 {312} 485-0263 Ext. 489 [w] for the States of IL and WI (Great Lakes Region) {312} 442-5872 [h] Lee Williams, Detroit Zoo, P.O. Box 39, Royal Oak, MI 48068 for the States of MI and IN (Great Lakes Region) Alan Baker, Burnet Park Zoo, 500 Burnet Park Dr., Syracuse, NY 13204 AND Mark Hofling, Bronx Zoo, 185th St. & Southern Blvd., Bronx, NY 10460 (212) 220-7115 {w} (212) 543-2753 {h} AND Jeannette Nadeau, Roger Williams Park Zoo, Elmwood Ave., Providence, RI 02905 for the States of ME, NY, VT, NH, MA, CT, and RI (North Atlantic Coast) Jon Brangan, Virginia Zoological Park, 3500 Granby St., Norfolk, VA 23504 {804} 441-2374 [w] {804} 625-0272 [h] AND Rosemary Jalink, National Aquarium in Baltimore, , 501 E. Pratt St., Baltimore, MD 21202 for the States of PA NJ, DE, MD, VA. WVA & DC (Mid-Atlantic Coast) Michelle Herman, Jackson Zoological Park, 2918 W. Capitol St., Jackson, MS 39209 for the States of TN and MS (South Atlantic Coast) Fred Alvey, Zoo Atlanta, 800 Cherokee Ave. S.E., Atlanta, GA 30315 for the States of GA and AL (South Atlantic Coast) VACANCY for the States of NC and SC (South Atlantic Coast) Betty Grogan, Jacksonville Zoological Park, P.O. Box 26767, Jacksonville, FL 332218 AND Tarni Ryf, Dreher Park Zoo, 1301 Summit Blvd., West Palm Beach, FL 33405 AND Mary Mure, Metrozoo, 12400 S.W. 152nd St., Miami, FL 33177 for the State of Florida VACANCY for the State of Alaska Dan Vitiello, Honolulu AAZK Chapter, Honolulu Zoo, 151 Kapahulu Ave., Honolulu, HI 96815 for the State of Hawaii Terry Male, Metro Toronto Zoo, Box 280, West Hill, Ontario, Canada MlE 4R5 for the Province of Ontario, Canada Bob Debets, Assiniboine Park Zoo, 2355 Corydon Ave., Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3P OR5 for the Provinces of Manitoba and Saskatchewan, Canada & {204] 837-1635 [h] States of ND and SD Dean Treichel, Valley Zoo, Box 3259, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T5J 2R7 for the Provinces of Alberta and British Columbia, Canada(403) 483-5525 [w] Chantal Routhier, Granby Zoo, 347 Rue Bourget, Granby, Quebec, Canada J2G 1E8 for the Province of Quebec 27 AAZK Diet Notebook Mammals, Volume 1 The AAZK Diet Notebook, Mammals - - Volume 1 contains approximately 325 diets representing 213 species and subspecies from fourteen participating institutions. The diets are arranged by taxonomic order using ISIS numbers in a durable and attractive three- ring binder. Each Diet Response Form included in Volume 1 contains the following information: common name, scientific name, ISIS number, the contributing individual, their institution and its address, how long the diet has been used, whether the animals have bred while on the diet, the diet ingredients, instructions for preparation, notes and remarks, special considerations and nutritional analysis (if available). The Diet Notebook is a copyrighted publication of the American Association of Zoo Keepers, Inc., and may be ordered by filling out the following form and sending it, along with a check or money order (U.S. FUNDS ONLY) made payable to "AAZK Diet Notebook" to: Diet Notebook Order, AAZK, 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606 U.S.A. Cost of the Diet Notebook is as follows: 1) AAZK Members $40.00; 2) Non-members $55.00; 3) Institutions $70.00. These prices represent prepaid order prices and include postage for the U.S. and Canada. Those placing orders from overseas should contact AAZK Administrative Offices, 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606 for additional postage charges. Please allow 4-6 weeks for delivery. V Sv- Sv- 9>r ctV- Sv- ctV- Sv- £*r- AAZK DIET NOTEBOOK ORDER FORM I wish to order ■ copy (ies) of the AAZK Diet Notebook, (check one) AAZK Member Non-Member Institution . Total amount enclosed: $ Name: Address: ... City: State/Province: Zip/Postal Code: Telephone: ALL ORDERS MUST BE PREPAID Opportunity Knocks... Institutions wishing to advertise employment opportunities are asked to send pertinent data by the 15th of each month to: Opportunity Knocks /AKF. 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606. Please include closing dates for positions available. There is no charge for this service and phone-in listings of positions which become available close to deadline are accepted. Our phone number is (913) 272-5821 Ext. 31; FAX # 913-272-2539. EDUCATION CURATOR... responsible for all phases of zoo education programs. Requires a degree in science/environmental related field and teaching experience. Abilities must include volunteer supervision and development, staff coordination and management, and creative planning for programs and future exhibits. Submit letter/resume by 9 February 1990 to: John P. Chapo, Executive Director, Folsom Children's Zoo and Botanical Gardens, 2800 "A" Street, Lincoln, NE 68502. ANIMAL KEEPER/ AOUARIST..:r eauhes six months full-time experience with fresh water or salt water animals in a public aquarium and be certifiable under one of the accredited scuba programs. Responsibilities include maintenance of a variety of fresh and salt water exhibits. Involved with zoo education, research and conservation programs. Bachelor's degree in marine biology, fisheries biology or related subjects preferred. Salary range $20,500 - $23,000, plus excellent benefits. Send resume by 19 January 1990 to: Personnel Dept., Cleveland Metroparks System, 4101 Fulton Parkway, Cleveland, OH 44144. For questions, contact Dan Moreno, Area Supervisor, Rain Forest & Aquatics at (216) 661-6500. ANIMAL KEEPERIBIRD DEPARTMENT... Baltimore Zoo. Salary $15,000. Each candidate must have graduated from an accredited high school and have one year of paid experience in the care and handling of a variety of birds, excluding pets; or have graduated from an accredited high school and have 6 months experience in the care and handling of animals in a zoological institution; or have a bachelor's degree from an accredited college or university in biology, zoology, animal science or veterinary technology. This is an entry level position under the direct supervision of a Senior Keeper and/or Curator. All resumes to be sent to: Fred Beall, Curator of Birds, Baltimore Zoo, Druid Hill Park, Baltimore, MD 21217. Announcement: New Publication About Chimpanzees We would like to announce a new publication dedicated entirely to the Chimpanzee ( Pan troglodytes) called The Chimpanzee Newsletter. The goal of The Chimpanzee Newsletter is to increase communication amongst all chimpanzee holders and those concerned with captive chimpanzee welfare with the result of better understanding and improved management and care routines. Articles submitted to The Chimpanzee Newsletter should be less than 1,000 words, typed in double space, and submitted in duplicate. Illustrations or photographs may accompany articles. Articles can be about anything as long as it pertains to chimpanzees and the facilities and people who work with them. Suggested topics include: Book Reviews, Grant Award announcements, Case Histories, Facility Descriptions, Program Descriptions, Opportunities, News and Notes, Birth and Death Announcements, etc. The deadline for submission of articles is 30 days prior to publication date. The Chimpanzee Newsletter is published quarterly on January 15, April 15, June 15, and September 15. Co-editors of The Chimpanzee Newsletter are Susan Menkhus and Cindy Knapp. Editorial consultant is Jo Fritz, Director of the Primate Foundation of Arizona (PFA). Susan Menkhus is the PFA Staff Observer and Cindy Knapp is a PFA Caregiver. The Chimpanzee Newsletter is published by the Primate Foundation of Arizona. Correspondence and articles should be sent to: The Chimpanzee Newsletter, c/o The Primate Foundation of Arizona, P.O. Box 86, Tempe, AZ 85280. 29 AAZK, Committees (cont.) INDEX FOR 1989 Awards, Nominations 37,47,80,129, 145,370-1 (c) indicates a correction Biological Values for Mammals III 366 (?) indicates information please Book Review Coordinator 367 (K) indicates a keeper aiert By-laws Review 369 (P) indicates a photograph Chapter and Regional Affairs (CRAC) and ! 18,44,60,74, Regional Coordinators 100,112,143, SUBJECT PAGE 177,206,209, AARDWOLF Proteles cristatus. birth 115 241,276,282, AARDVARK Orycteropus afer 209 294-5,310,317, birth 115 324,356,369, AAZK 395,412 Accessories Conference Bids/Book Committee 370 Auto decals 198,243,277 Conservation (CPR) 351,362,392 Belt buckles 208,229,280 Habitat Subcommittee S SOS 363 Bumper stickers 264,411 Diet Notebook 281,(7)281,366 Charms 198,243,277 Exhibit Design Form 373 License plates 198,243,277 Foreign Keeper Sponsorship Program 63-5,91-2, Magnetic keeper safety signs 311,413 194,385-6 Mugs 198,243,277 History 373 Patches 198,243,277 International Affairs 368 Pin 198,243,277 Keeper Accommodation List (KAL) 370 Sticker 198,243,277 Keeper Training & Education 01,369-70 Sweatshirt 198,243,277 Keeper Training Videotape Project 275,372 T-shirt 198,243,277 Legislative Advisor 371 Ecosystem Survival Plan 397 Liason to AAZPA 4 IZE 371 '89 Conference 153 Manual of Resources 368 Animal Data Transfer forms 02,103,145, Nominations 4 Elections 109,245,368 282,349 Public Education 371 Awards 318-20 photos requested 31,385 excellence in zoo keeping 37,47 solicited answers 33,184,363 national honorary lifetime membership 351 Public Relations Liaison 371 nominations 02,80,145 Research/Grants 372 Board 349 Staff Exchange 371-2 Election forms 18 insert Zoo Infant Development Project 367-8,398-400 Nominees 109 forms 400insert Overview of 1989 meeting 364-75 Zookeeper Exchanges 132 President's Message 38,74,112,146, Zoonotic Disesases Handbook, 2nd edition 367 209,211-2,247, Zoo/University List 373 285,314,351, Fax machine number 145-6 392 General membership meeting minutes 375 Chapters Members, new Contributing 38,148,182, fund raisers 01,232,301, 214,272,284, 302,303 394 logos 201 new Professional 02,38,82,141, news 29-31,65-6, 148,182,214, 101-3,132-6, 272,284,346, 173-6,199-201, 354,394 210,232-4,256, renewing contributing 148,182,214, 300-4,339-40, 272,284,346, 376,396-7 354,394 newsletters 201 National Conference photo contest 227-9 agenda 286-7 projects/products 374 Australasian Rap Session 181 statements of worth 313 final word 360 Committees Proceedings order form 313,322,349 Animal Data Transfer forms 372-3 Reference search update 223 Approach to Zookeeping 367 Statement of Purpose and By-Laws 182 30 AAZPA Conservation Endowment Fund Auction 120 ADDAX Addax nasomaculatus, birth 06,187,251 AGOUTI, golden-rumped (Brazilian) Dasyprocata aauti . acqisition 288 birth 250 AMPHIBIANS, diets (?)281 ANIMAL DATA TRANSFER FORMS 02,103,145, ANIMAL DEATH FORM REPORT 282,349 377-80 ANIMAL KEEPER FORUM (AKF) 365-6 Artwork 02 Book Review Request forms 55 Fax machine number 145-6 Indexes 37,81-2,393-4 Letters ot the Editor 46 Statement of ownership 382 ANTEATER, qiant Myrmecophaaa tridactvla.bir. 115 ANTELOPE hi ackbuck Antilope cervicaDra, birth 117,251 sable Hippotraqus niaer, birth 251,352 spiral horned 193 AOUDAD Ammotraous lervia. birth 251 APE, Barbary see under MACAQUE ARACAN, areen Pteroalossus viridis, hat. 113 ARMADILLO, La Plata three-banded Tolypeutes matacus. birth 316 AUDUBON PARK & ZOOL. GAR.: Supplemental Feeding Protocol for W. Lowland Gorilla 341-6 AUSTRALASIAN Green Tree Pythons problem feeding 09-10 What's Up Down Under 170-2 AUSTRALASIAN SOCIETY OF ZOOKEEPERS 1987 Conference Proceedings 172 Keeper accomadation list 172 Membership 171 AWARDS & GRANTS AAZK Awards see under AAZK AAZPA 390 Centennial awards for zoo research 281 Nixon Griffis Fund, grants 62,230 UFAW scholarship 309 World Wildlife Fund Conservation Award 182,244 BABIRUSA Babyrousa babyrussa 216,218-9 BABOON 195,359 Gelada Therooithecus aelada . birth 06 Guinea P. oaoio cvnoceohalus, birth 389 mandrill Papio sphinx, arm fracture 408 birth 353 BANDICOOT 28 BARBET. D'Arnaud's TrachvDhonus darnaudii. hatching 291 BAT American, native (?)119 bia brown Eptesicus fuscus Microchip implant identification 50-2, (P)51 Sexual Harassment of Hand-raised 163-5 fruit EayDtian Rousettus aevoticus. aco. 149 Mexican Artibeus iamaicensis. birth 117 BAT, fruit (cont.) Rodrioues PteroDus rodricensis 62 birth 219,291,389 insectivorous leaf-nosed, short-tailed (?)94 Carollia perspicillata. birth 250,352 long-nosed Mexican Leotonvcteris nivalis 159 Sanborn's Leotonvcteris sanborni 159 vamoire Desmodus rotundus, birth BEAR 05,41 Alaskan Ursus arctos. availability (K)201 black Ursus americanus. availability (K)201 arizzlv Ursus arctos horribilis. birth 77 polar Ursus maritimus 77,(7)116,135, 313 sloth Melursus(=Ursus) ursinus. birth 117,119 spectacled Tremarctos ornatus. birth 119,216 BEAVER 195 mountain Aclodontia rufa, birth 290 BEE-EATER (7)189 BINTURONG 302 BIRD OF PARADISE, red Paradisaea rubra (P)116 hatching 113,186 BIRDS 28 Baby bird diets 337 Geomatrix Matting for Foot Problems 195-7 Practical Avian Triage 325-38 BIRTHS AND HATCHINGS 05-7,41-4,76- 8,113-9,149- 53,185-7,216- 22,249-51,288- 92,316,352-4, 388-90 format 07 BISON, American L. b. bison , birth 290 BLESBOK Damaliscus dorcas. birth 290,352 BLUEBIRD 339 BONGO Traaelaohus eurvceros. acquisition 289 birth 42,222,289 BOOK REVIEWS Animal Extinctions :What Evevone Should Know54 Chipmunks & the Siberian Chipmunk in Caotivitv 231 Communication & Expression in Hoofed Mam. 193-4 Elephant Who Walked to Manchester 154 Encyclopedia of Animal Evolution 252-3 Eve and the Aoes 154 Orana-utan 142 Orphans of the Wild 358-9 Primate Societies 296 Translocation of Wild Animals 409-10 Zoo Desian: Realitv of Wild Illusions 323 BROOKFIELD ZOO: Be a Slug 127-8 BUFFALO, water (Asiatic) Bubalus arnee 236 Hand-raising 27-8 BURNET PARK ZOO Red Wolf Pup Reintroduction 203-4 BUSHBABY see GALAGO 31 BUSHBUCK. harnessed Traqelaphus s. scriptus COLOBUS, black and white Colobus ouereza (?)153,318 birth 217 birth 389 BUSTARD, white-quilled black Colobus ouereza kikuvuensis. birth 05,222 Afrotis atra afroides. hatchino 288 COLUMBUS ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS CAMEL Crate Training a Reticulated Giraffe 122-6 .Arabian (domestic) Camelus dromedarius (?)359,(?)416 ISEC update 53 Bactrian Camelus b. bactrianus r birth 290,316 CONDOR, Andean Vulture orvphus. hatching 115,152,218 CARACAL see under LYNX possible hatching 291 CASSOWARY 357 California Gvmnoovps californianus 115. double wattled (two-wattled) C. casuarius 320 hatching 218., (c)249 hatching 288 possible hatching 117-8,152 CAT CONFERENCES/SYMPOSIUMS/WORKSHOPS ancillas Felis tigrina 168 AAZK National Conference, 15th 04,40,49,75, Brazilian 53 111,148,183, black-footed Felis nioripes 53 213,245,248, civet Civettictis civetta. acquisition 117 283,360 exotic diet (?)416 Northwest Regional, 3rd 39 Geoffrey's Felis qeoffroyi 168 AAZPA Annual Conference 04,40,111,148, leopard Felis benqalensis 168 183,213,248, birth 117 283 Amur Felis benoalensi euptilura. birth 149 Regional Conferences 03,39,73,75, food presentation methods 309 281,313,315, margay Felis wiedii 168 350,387 Rare Cats Imported by ISEC 271-2 American Minor Breeds Annual 111,147 Small Cats in Big Trouble 168 Animal Behavior Society 349 wildcat see WILDCAT Applying Behavioral Research to Animal CATTLE Management 03 Dexter, birth 249 AZAD, 5th annual 147,183,213 gaur Bos qaurus. birth 42 AZVT, 9th annual 148,183,213, Scottish highland, birth 251 248,283 C.A.U.Z. 223 Bear, Spectacled: 1st Sym. Proceedings 116 CAVY. Pataaonian Dolichotis Dataaonura. bir. 290 Cons. & Captive Prop. Reptiles & Amp. 110 CHACHALACA , arav-headed Ortalis cinereiceDS Elephants: the Deciding Decade 350 hatching 06 Elephant Workshop, 10th annual 184,214,245, CHEETAH Acinonvx iubatus 174,230 248,283,315 acquisition 388 Environmental & Conservation Education 213 birth 77-8,216,388 Fertility in Great Apes 04,40,75,111, observation program 262 147,183 CHEVROTAIN Gorilla Workshop 315,350,385, mouse deer Traoulus meminna. acouisition 117 387 CHIMPANZEE Pan troalodvtes 139,173,195, Herpetological Sym., 13th Intern'l 147,183 230,319 ICPWA Conservation Workshop 131 birth 06,217,288-9 Jersey Wildlife Preservation Trust 140-1 Estrous Cycles in Captives 95-9 Marine Animal Trainers, 17th annual 214,248,283 Survey of Status in Japan 401-7 National Wildlife Rehabilitators 387 CHIPMUNK 231 Neonatal Husbandry 4 Med. Care Proceedings 235-8 Taaias sp. : cone for medicating 162 Nutrition of Captive Animals, Dr. School 248,284,315, CIVET, nalm Paradoxurus hermaDhroditus, bir. 117 350,387 COATI, white nosed (?)210 Pheasant 4 Waterfowl Society, American 184,213,283 COCKATOO Preservation/Conservation Workshop, 2nd 03,39,75,111, bare-eyed, hatching 185 147 great sulphur-crested, hatching 185 Recycling Workshop 238 Major Mitchell's, hatching 185 Urban Wildlife, National Spposium 284,315 Holuccan, hatching 185 Wildlife Rehabilitation Spposium 03,39,75 Dalm Probosciaer aterrimus 245 Wolf, Mexican 300-1 black, hatching 185 Zooculturists', International Society 04 rose-breasted, hatching 185 Zoological Horticulture 145 umbrella, hatching 185 Zoo Medicine 256 32 rfwuiRF ( sun Aratinaa solstitialis, hatchino 119 COURSER, cream-colored, hatching 216 cm?., black Limocorax flavirostra, hat. 354 CRANE Demoiselle Anthropoides virao . hatchino 149 hooded Grus monacha, hatching 291 Sarus Grus antioone. hatching 117,388 sandhill Grus canadensis, acquisition 388 Stanley Anthropoides paradisea, hatching 06,352 CRAYFISH, Shasta Pacifastacus fortis 159 CURASSOW bare-faced Crax f. fasciolata. hatching 06 great Crax ruba, hatching 06 lesser razorbill Crax mtu tuberosa. hat. 06 (crestless) Crax tomentosa. hatching 187 DEER brocket, red Mazama americana. birth 77,388 fallow Dama dama, birth 117 mouse see CHEVROTAIN Pere David's Elaphus davidianus. birth 219 sikar Formosan Cervus nippon taiwanus.bir. 290.291 thamin, birth 117 tufted. Western Elaphodus c. cephalochus 193,319 Vi sayan 159 DIK-DIK Kirk's Madoaua kirki, birth 187,292 Gunther's Madogua cruentheri, birth 117 DOG, bush Speothos venaticus. birth 149 DOLPHIN 259 Atlantic bcttlenose Tursioos truncatus 239-40,259 DONKEY, Mediterranean miniature, birth 249 DOVE see also PIGEON crested quail Geotrvoon versicolor hatching 114 Jambu fruit, hatching 216 DREHER PARK SCO: recipe medicating primates 10 DUCK 195,337 bronze-winged Ana s specularis, hatching 352 canvasback Avthya valisineria, hatching 352 Mandarin Ajj( oalericulata $317 hatching 289 pintail Anas acuta, acquisition 388 hatching 221,289 Bahama Anas b. bahamensis, hatchino 354 ruddv Oxvura iamaicensis, hatchino 250 runner ?, acquisition 1 17 white-faced whistlina Dendrocvana viduatan hatching 288,354 wood Mx. sponsa 339 hatching 289 DUIKER blue Cephalophus monticola. birth 249 red-flanked Cephalophus rufiiatus, birth 42,118 zebra Cephalophus zebra, birth 118 EAGLE, bald Haliaeetus leucoceohalus 78,388 hatching 249 ECHIDNA, short-nosed Tachvolossus aculeatus birth 152 EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS Animal Management Course: India Biological Studies in the Field 91-2 92 Jersey Wildlife Preservation Trust 140-1 Rain forest child 238 Rain forest materials 238 EIDER, common Somateria mollissima . acqu. 388 ELEPHANT 32,54,(7)189, 203,397 African Loxodonta africana 230 (S. African! bush L. a. africana 292 poaching, legal 4 illegal ivory sales 56-8, (P)57,59 61-2,139,180, 181,189,209- 10,210,240 Asian 73,172 chaining (K)36 Workshop Steering Committee Report, 9th 86-8 ELEPHANT MANAGERS ASSOC, application 89 EMU Dromaius novaehcllandiae 172,187, (7)210,357 hatching 149,221 ENCOURAGING WORD ENGLAND ZOOS 180 Cotswold Wildlife Park: Green Tree Pythons Feeding 09-10 The Monkey Sanctuary: new enclosure 381 Zoological Society of London: Gibbon Duets 305-7 FELID5 319 FERRET 195 black-footed: Success Story? 68-9, (P)69 FINCH 337,338 red-eared firetail 172 FISH, diets (7)281 anael. aueen Holacanthus ciliaris. acau. 150 butterflv , foureve Chaetodon caoistratus. 150 catfish, tiger-striped Merodontotus triarinus. aauisition 221 chichlid, Lake Victoria, hatching 388 Haolochromis so. "red, 'black" , acouisitionl50 Haplochromis obliauidens. acauisition 150 hatching 221 Nedchromis nioricans, aca. 150 Proanathochromis oellearini. acauisition 150 hatching 221 Psammochromis rioonianus, acauisition 150 hatching 221 darter. Boulder Etheostoma so. 159 flatfish 54 morav. areen Gvmothorax funebris, aca. 150 puffer 54 pupfish desert Cyorinodon macularius. acq. 119 Salton Sea Cyprinodon macularius, hat. 149,221 remora Echeneis naucrates. acq. 150 shark 54 stingray, yellow Urolophus iamaicensis. acl50 tilefish, sand Malacanthus plumieri , acq. 150 trumpet fish Aulostomus maculatus. acq. 150 33 FISHER Hartes pennanti , birth 249,(P)250 FLAMINGO 195 GIRAFFE (cont.) American 196, (P) 196 barinao G. c. rothschiidi, birth 316 Caribbean, hatching 352 mandible fracture 172 Chilean Phoenicopterus chilensis. hat. 354 Masai G. c. tiuDelskirchi . birth 118,353 greater, hatching 218 reticulated Giraffa c. reticulata (P)123 ,319 FLORA, Eucalyptus 103 acquisition 117 FOOD PRESENTATION METHODS 309 birth 77,117,221, FOX, Arctic 195 250-1,291 swift 396 crate training 122-6 FROG GLIDER, suaar Petaurus breviceDS, birth 41,250 leaf tree Phyllomedusae spp. (?)40 GOAT, (domestic) Nubian Capr§ hircus. bir. 290 Araentine waxy Phyllomedusa sauvaaeii (7)40 GONOLEK, black-headed (Barbary SHRIKE) New World orange-legged Laniarius barbarus. hat. 115,288 Phyllomedusa hvpochondrialis (7)40 GOOSE 337 Poison dart (arrow) Dgndrobates spp. (7)189 Canada Branta canadensis 01 qreen & black Dendrobates auratus, hat. 249 acquisition 117 vellow & blue Dendrobates tinctorius.hat.249 Aleutian 01 yellow banded Dendrobates leucomelas.hat.249 Egyptian Alopochen aeovotiacus. hatching 290 FROGMOUTH, Tawny Podaraus striaoides. hat. 114 lesser snow/blue, hatching 290 FUNDRAISERS Maaellan Chloephaaa picta. hatchina 288 AAZK Chapters 339,340,376 macule Anseranas semiDalmata 172 AAZK Conservation Committee 351 Nene Branta sandvicensis. hatchina 150,221 Adopt-an-Acre 340 snow 195 Can Remover Team 158 GOPHER, pocket 195 Ecosystem Survival Plan (ESP) 01,137,201, GORILLA 201,405 232,302,362 Western lowland Gorilla a. aorilla 230, (P)342 Elephants: the deciding decade 350 birth 05,06,41,117, "Rockin for Rhinos" 303 151,151-2, Zoo bowl for rhinos 301,317,362, 219,(c)249,354 395 supplemental feeding protocol 341-6 GADWELL Anas streDera, acauisition 338 GRANBY ZOO: Can Remover Team 158 GALAGO (BUSHBABY) GUENON Seneaal Galaao seneaalensis , birth 117 DeBrazza Cercouithecus nealectus 181 thick-tailed Galaao crassicaudatus, birth 77 birth 42,292 GAUR see CATTLE Diana CercoDithecus diana. birth 119,185 GAZELLE moustached CercoDithecus ceDhus. birth 118 addra Gazella daraa ruficollis. birth 316 spot-nosed 05 Arabian sand Gazella subautterosa marica HAHMERKOP Scouus umbretta. hatchina 352,354 birth 115 HARTEBEEST AlceiaDhus buselaohus 62 dama Gazella dama. birth 06,115 Jackson's A. b. iacksoni, birth 115 Grant's Gazella aranti rossevelti 194 HAWK 195,197, (P)197 birth 316 Harris Parabuteo unicinctus, hatchina 213 Indian Gazella dorcas bennetti , birth 117 HERON, boatbill C. cochlearius. hat. 292 Mhorr Gazella dama mhorr 237 HIPPOPOTAMUS HiuuoDOtamus amDhibius. birth 288 slender-horned Gazella leDtoceros. birth (P)42,43 HOATZIN ODisthocomus hoa2in 230 SDeke's Gazella SDekei. birth 115,217 HORNBILL Thompson's 194,200 black & white casqued (P)267,(P)268, GERENUK Litocranius walleri. birth 118,151,217 Bvcanistes subcvlindricus (P)26S GIBBON 307 breeding 265-70 Kloss 305 oreat Buceros bicornis. hatching 216 Moloch 305 arev Tackus nasutus. hatchina 354 white-cheeked Hvlobates concoior leucoaenvs(P)222 Jackson's Tockus iacksoni. hat. 114 birth 219, (c)249 HORSE, Mongolian wild (Przewaiski's) (P)220 white-handed (Lar) Hvlobates lar (7)40 Eauus Drzewlaskii. birth 219,288,291 birth 352,388 HUMMINGBIRD (7)359 Duets 305-7 HUMOR GIRAFFE Giraffa cameloDardalis (7)153,359,397 Be a Slug 127-8 acquisition 117 Surviving Harsh Southern Arizona Winters 104-5 34 HVRAX, frock) Cape Procavia capensis (?)153 birth 389 they, Siberian Capra ibex siberica, birth 389 IBIS hadada Haaedashia haoedash, hatching 354 hermit (Waldrapp) Gernonticus eremita, hat .220,352 ILLUSTRATIONS AND COVER ART Aardvark July Avian bandaging 329 Avian feather and hemorrhage control 332 Avian leg anatomy 330 Avian wing anatomy 328 Bear, polar cub with vet October Chimpanzee 10,403,404 Cockatoo, palm August Elephant, African 88 Gibbon 307 Goose, Canada January Guenon, De Brazza's June Hawk 253 Jaguar November Kudu, greater March Lion, African April Oranguatan, Bornean February Otter, American river May Owl, barred December Parrot 14 Penguin 31 Prairie dog - cone for medicating 162 Rhinoceros, Black September, 386 Rhinoceros, Sumatran 85 Tiger 17 Wolf 204 IHPALA Aepyceros n. rendilis 236,236 INDIA ZOOS Dr. Reuben David obituary 202-3 Mysore Zoo: Animal Management Course 91-2 INDIANAPOLIS ZOO: Penguin Sexing by Blood 273 INFORMATION PLEASE AAZK Chapter newsletter & logo 201 ape, Barbary 94 bat, American native 119 bat, insectivorous 94 bear, polar fur 116 bee-eaters 189 bibliographies 223 bird band donation 181 camel maintenance 359 pregnancy detection 416 captive-bred vs. pet trade specimens 295 cats, exotic, diet 416 Chameleon, Johnson's 40 coati, white-nosed introduction procedures 210 constrictors, nutrition & related diseases 359 cookbooks wanted 246 diets for diet notebook; reptiles, amphibians, fish, & invertebrates 281 duck, Mandarin breeding program 317 elephant vaginal cytology studies 189 INFORMATION PLEASE (cont.) emu, common 210 exotic animal attacks or escapes 176 Frog, Dendrobatis spp. , breeding 189 Frog, leaf tree 40 fundraiser, adopt an animal 295 Gecko, leaf-tailed 77 Gibbon, white-handed hand, esp. raising 40 Giraffe - overgrooming 153 high desert species 119 hummingbirds 359 Hyrax, Cape - hand-rearing 153 Macaque, lion-tailed, overgroaming 40 Marmoset, Goeldi's 04 "mission statement" 295 Monkey, black howler - hand raising 119 Monkey, black and white colobus-peridontal 153 native wildlife experts for list 94 Owl, burrowing 119 Panda, red 300 psittacine maintenance 246 Rabbits, pygmy 119 Rat, kangaroo 119 skeletal specimens 94 Snake, arboreal- problem feeding 10 South American mixed species exhibits 04 Tamar in, cotton-topped 04,317 golden lion 04 Wedell's 04 white-lipped 04 turtle, infant fungal infections 416 red-bellied short-necked 150 vaginal cytology studies & procedures 189 waste management program 119 INSECT beetle hercules, Southwestern Dynastes qranti 230 Kretschmarr Cave mold Texamaurops reddelli 159 Tooth Cave ground Rhadine persephone 159 bug, yellow-veined leaf-footed Thasus acutanoulus 230 harvestman, Bee Creek Cave Texella reddelli!59 katydid, Costa Rican predaceous Lirometopum coronatum 230 pseudoscorpion, Tooth Cave Hicrocreaoris texana 159 scorpion, Kenyan tailless whip Tarantula sp230 INT'L. SOCIETY ENDANGERED CATS (ISEC) 53,271-2 INVERTEBRATES, diets (?)281 JAGUAR Panthera onca 349 birth 05 JAPANESE ZOOS: ZooDel: Survey of Status of Chimpanzees in Japan 401-7 JERSEY WILDLIFE PRESERVATION TRUST 140-1 JUNGLEFOWL, green Gallus varius. hatching 288 KANGAROO tree, Husbandry Notebook 37 Matschie's Dendrolaous matschiei. birth 290 35 KANGAROO (cont.) LIZARD (cont.) Western orev Macropus fulainosus melanoDS gila monster, reticulated 319 birth 389 skink, prehensile-tail Corucia zabrata KEEPER ALERT birth 218,250 Alaskan brown & black bear availability 201 LLAMA Laia alama. birth 251 elephant chaining 36 LORIKEET see also LORY zoo science BS & MS program 246 scaly breasted KEEPER TRAINING Trichoalossus c. chlorolepidotus, hat. 218 video tape: feeds and feeding 275 LORIS, slender Loris tardiaradus 172 safety 275 birth 151 KENYA DIARY part 1, 2, 3, 4 166-8,190-2, slow Nvcticebus coucana. birth 151 224-6,260-2 Dvamv Nvcticelus Dvanaeus, birth 78 KINGFISHER LORY see also LORIKEET Guam (Micronesian) Halcyon cinnamomina (P)114 oreen-naoed Trichoalossus haematodus. hat. 288 hatching 113,250,352, LOS ANGELES ZOO: Adventure Island 160-1 389 Hope for the Future 83-5 KINKAJOU Potos flavus 319 LYNX, caracal Felis caracal 62 birth 41 MACAQUE KOALA 103 Barbarv Macaca svlvanis (?)94 KOKLASS Pucrasia macrolopha, hatchina 288 JaDanese Macaca fuscata 396 KUDU birth 290 greater Traaelaphus strepsiceros 73 lion-tailed (wanderoo) Macaca silenus (?)40 birth 251,389 birth 149,316 lesser Traaelaphus imberbis 193 oiatail Macaca nemestrina 76-7 birth 288 birth 76 LANGUR MACAW Hanuman Presbytis entellus (P)187 areen-wina Ara chloroDtera, hatchina 05,185,186 birth 187,222 hvacinth Anodorhvnchus hvacinthinus 14 silver-leafed Presbvtis cristatus (P)116 hatching 352 birth 113 scarlet, hatching 185 sDectacled Presbvtis obscurus, birth 117,352 MAGPIE LEGISLATIVE OUTLOOK 32-3,61-2,138- • red-billed (blue) Urocissa ervthrorhvncha 9,159,234-40, hatching 250,352 258-9,357-8 short-tailed Cissa thalassina. hatching 288 LEMUR 396 MANATEE 101 black Leiur l macaco, birth 316 MANDRILL see under BABOON blue-eyed (Sclater's), birth 292 MARMOSET see also TAMARIN 296,320 crowned Lemur coronatus. birth 389 common Callithrix iacchus 172 dwarf, fat-tailed Cheiroaaleus medius, bir.389 Geoffroy's (white-faced) aray aentle Haoalemur ariseus . birth 292 Callithrix iacchus aeoffrovi. birth 117,149,250, ring-tailed Lemur catta, birth 222,250,290, 352 352 Goeldi's Callimico aoeldii (?)04 ruffed Lemur varieaatus. birth 185 birth 115,119,389 black & white, birth 217 Dvamv Cebuella Dvomaea. birth 41,217,250,352 red Lemur (=Varecia) varieaatus ruber MEERKAT, slender-tailed Suricata suricatta birth 05,292,316 birth 113 LEOPARD 358,359 MERGANSER, hooded Meraus cucullatus, hat. 250,352 Indochinese (South Chinese) METRO TORONTO ZOO: Photo contest 227-9 Panthera Dardus delacouri. birth 05,288 Reference Search Project 223 snow Panthera f=Unical unica 64,(P)220 MOLE-RAT. naked HeteroceDhalus alaber 43 , (P)43 birth 219,288 birth 43 LIOCICHLA. red-faced Liocichla Dhoenicea.hat.390 MONGOOSE, EavDtain Heroestes ichneumon 113 LION 202 MONKEY African Panthera leo 109 Cercooithecine 320 LIZARD colobus see COLOBUS Chameleon. Johnson's Chaemaeleo iohnsonii (?140 Diane see GUENON crocodile Shinisaurus crocdilurus, hat. 41 Goeldi's see MARMOSET gecko, leaf-tailed Uroplatus fimbriatus 11,(1)11 howler, black Alouatta carava (?)119 acquisition 11 birth 119 36 MONKEY (cont.) Patas Ervthrocebus f =CercoDithecus ) Datas 05 birth 185 proboscis Nasalis larvatus (P)07 birth 06,186 spider black-handed Ateles aeoffroyi. birth 251 brown headed Ateles fusciceos robustus birth 185 spot-nosed see GUENON squirrel, Bolivian Saimin sciureus bolivianensis 115 woolly Laaothrix laaotricha 301,381 MOOSE, Alaskan L alces gioas, birth 289 MOT-MOT, blue-crowned Hotmotus motmota 319 hatching 352 MOUNTAIN GOAT Oreamnos americanus 194 birth 217 MOUSE albino 50 harvest Micromys mintus. birth 117,250 MOUSEBIRD, speckled Colius striatus, hat. 290 MUNTJAC, Reeves Muntiacus reevesi , birth 251 MUSK OX Ovibus moschatus, acquisition 150,185 birth 291 MYNAH, Bali Leocopsar rothschildi. hatching 186 gold-crested, hatching 216 NATIONAL FISH AND WILDLIFE FOUNDATION Valdez, Alaska oil spill fund 146 NATIONAL ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS: Device for Medicating Prairie Dogs 162 NETHERLAND ZOO, OUWEHAND: Breeding Black & White Casqued Hornbill 265-70 NEW YORK AQUARIUM: Discovery Cove 308 NGARE SERGOI RHINO SANCTUARY 110,132,200, newsletter 339,339,386 246 NILGAI Boselaphus traaocamelus . birth 117 NUMBAT 172 OBITUARIES Allen, Joseph 73 David, Dr. Reuben 202-3 Finken, Siegfried (Fred) 256 OCELOT Felis oaradalis 53 OCTOPUS Octopus vulaarus. acquisition 150 OKAPI Okapia iohnstoni 199 birth 389 OPOSSUM 195 ORANG-UTAN 66,172, (P)202 Bornean Ponao p. pvamaeus 230,405 37 birth 05,186,291 Sumatran 37 ORYX Arabian Orvx leucoryx. birth 42,115,118, scimitar-horned fayx damnah 187,217,316 62 birth 06,115,251, 288,290 OSTRICH 195,357 blue neck Struthio caielus. hatching 187,251 OTTER 195 American river Lutra(=Lontra1 canadensis 145,320 birth 249 Asian small-clawed Anoyx cinera . acq. 288 sea 61 OWL 195,197 barn Tyto alba, hatching 290 barred Strix Mia 385 burrowing (?)119 snowy Nyctea scandiaca. hatching 389 PACA Cuniculus paca, birth 316 PANDA, giant 170 red (lesser) Ailurus fulaens 172, (?)300 breeding behavior 19-26 management 298-300 PARROT 337,338 Amboina king, hatching 185 Amazon, plain colored (mealy) Amazona farinosa. hatching 288 Australian green-wing, hatching 185 Bahama 174 blue-crowned (hanging) Loriculus aaloulus hatching 389 eclectus Eclectus roratus. hatching 185,352 hawkheaded Deroptyus accitrinus. hat. 114 PARTRIDGE chukar Alectoris chukar 13-4 crested wood Rollulus roulroul, hat. 250 PEAFOWL, Burmese (green) Pavo muticus. hat. 117 PENGUIN 304 black-foot (jackass) Spheniscus demersus 274 hatching 114,388 Galapagos Spheniscus mendiculus 274 gentoo Pyaoscelis papua 273 Humboldt Spheniscus humboldti 274 hatching 251 Magellanic Spheniscus maaellanicus 274 rock hopper Eudyptes crestatus 273 hatching 290 sexing by blood feather analysis 273 spheniscid newsletter 274 PESTICIDE LICENSES 410 PHEASANT golden Chrvsolophus pictus. hatching 352 Malayan peacock Polyplectron nu malacense hatching 07,221,291 PHOENIX ZOO: Bird Keeper 13-4 Cheetah Observation Program 262 PHOTOGRAPHS Bird bandaging and splints 330-1 Bird of paradise, red chick 116 Elephant, poached African 57 Ferret, black-footed 69 Fisher kit 250 Flamingo, American 196 Gazelle, slender horned baby 42 Gibbon, white-cheeked 222 37 PHOTOGRAPHS (cont.) PUBLICATIONS (cont.) Giraffe, reticulated 123 ASZK 1987 conference proceedings 172 Gorilla, lowland feeding 342 Bibliographies and reading lists from AAZPA110 Hawk 197 Buyer Beware 94 Hornbill, black 4 white casqued 267,268,269 Ecologically Safe Alternatives, Greenpeace ! 192 Horse, Mongolian wild with foals 220 Exotic Animals as Pets 133 Kingfisher, Guam chick 114 International Zoo Yearbook 1987 253 Langur, Hanuman 187 Penguin, spheniscid newsletter 274 Langur, silver-leafed 116 Persistent marine debris: challenge & resp. 238 Leopard, snow with cubs 220 San Diego wild animal park neonatal sym. 238 Microchip implant - bat 51 Symposium on Spectacled Bear proceedings 116 Hole-rat, naked baby 43 Thylacinus 171 Monkey, proboscis 07 Tree Kangaroo Husbandry Notebook 37 Orang-utan 202 "What Kind of Animal are You?" 102 PIG see SWINE "Zoos Today and Tomorrow" 184 PIGEON see also DOVE bleeding-heart Zockeeping as a Career brochure 198,243,277, 365 Bartlett's Gallicolumba criniaer, hat. 114 RABBIT, pygmy (?U19 Luzon Gallicolumba luzonica. hatchina 114 RACCOON Procvon iotor crop milk 186 device for medicating 162 crowned 174 RAPTORS 337 blue (common) Goura cristata 13 RAT, kangaroo (?)11S areen Treron australis, hatching 354 Stenhen's Dioodomvs stephensi 159 green-naped pheasant, hatching 44,186 REID PARK ZOO: Harsh S. Arizona Winters 104-5 Mauritius pink Columba mayeri . hatching 291 REFERENCE SEARCH PROJECT 223 Wonaa Leucosarcia melanoleuca 172 REINDEER Ranaifer taranaus. birth 221 PITTA, banded Pita guaiana, hatching 07 REPRODUCTION PITTSBURG ZOO: Pesticide License 410 Bat, Rodrigues fruit 62 PLATYPUS 172 Camel, domestic pregnancy (?)416 PORCUPINE Caracal Felis caracal 62 albino 202 Cheetah Observation Program 262 crested Hvstrix africaeaustralis. birth 389 Cheetah ovulatory cycle monitoring 230 African Hvstrix cristata, birth 05 Chimpanzees; estrous cycles 95-9 Indian Hvstrix indica, birth 117 Elephant, African estrous cycle 230 Drehensil-tailed Coendou Drehensilis. bir.316 Gorilla, in vitro fertilization 4 transfer 230 POSSUMS, Leadbeater's 170 Hornbill, black 4 white casqued 265-70 POTTO Perodicticus uotto. birth 78 Insects 230 PRAIRIE DOG 195 Orangutan ovulatory cycle monitoring 230 black-tailed Cvnomvs ludovicianus Oryx, scimitar-horned 62 Cone for Medicating 162 Perissodactyls, diagnosis of pregnancy 230 PRIMATE FOUNDATION OF ARIZONA: Estrous Prcinus orca 62. cycles in Captive Chimpanzees 95-9 Python, olive 172 PRIMATES REPTILES, diets (?)281 recipe for medicating orally 10 RHEA Rhea americana 357 PROJECT MANAGING FOR ZOOS 15-7 hatching 221,251 PRONGHORN Antilocaora americana, acq. 288,289 RHINOCEROS 83 birth 217-8,221,288, 288,289 black Diceros bicornis 59,83,174,281, 339,410 PROSIMIANS 296 acquisition 221-2,388-9 PSITTACINES ( ? } 246 birth 117,290,316 PUBLICATIONS Diceros bicornis michaeii, acquisition 353 AAZK '89 Conference Proceedings 313,322,349 Diceros bicornis minor, acquisition 353 AAZK Diet Notebook Mammals, Vol. I 34,70,106,178, Javan Rhinoceros sondacius 83 205,242,278, Indian Rhinoceros unicornis 83 281,347,414 Sumatran Dicerorhinus sumatrensls 83-5 AAZK Membership Directory 198,243,277, Dicerorhinus s. sumatrensis 83 365 Go to U.S. Zoos 67 AKF Indexes 37,81-2,353-4 hairy-eared (Asiatic two horned) American Forests 184 Dicerorhinus s. lasiotis 83 38 RHINOCEROS (cont.) STARLING Sumatran, hairy-eared (cont.) emerald Laraorotornis iris, hat. 250 Hope for the Future 83-5 Iona-tailed alossv Lamorotornis caudatus white Ceratotherium simum 59,83,410 hatching 352 RIVERSIDE ZOO: Trial and Error 408 STILT, black-necked HimantODUS mexicanus.hat.288 roadriinner Geococcyx californiana. hat. 288 STORK, milky wood, hatching 216 SAN DIEGO WILD ANIMAL PARK: SUNBIRD. buff-throated Nectarinia adelberti, Hand-Raised Domestic Water Buffalo 27-8 hatching 288 Non-Domestic Neonatal Husbandry & Medical SUNBITTERN EurvDvaa helias, hatchina 114,288,352, Care Conference 235-8 389 SAN FRANCISCO ZOO: Avian triage 325-8 SUNI Neotraaus moschatus, birth 187 screamer, crested Chauna torquata, hatchina 114 N. m. akelevi, birth 291 SEA LION 28,320 SWAN 337 California Zalophus californianus. birth 316 black Cvanus atratus 13 SHEEP hatching 117 Dali Ovis dalU dalU, birth 389 black-necked Cvanus melanocorvDhus, hat. 289,354 desert biahorn Ovis canadensis mexicana truiDeter C. cvanus buccinator, hatchina 353 birth 05 SWINE domestic Ovis aries Vietnamese pot bellied pig, birth 352 Churro, birth 218 Yorkshire pig, birth 290 Romney, birth 290 TAHR. Nilairi Hemitraaus hvlocrius. birth 41,352 mouflon Ovis musimon, birth 251 TAMARIN see also MARMOSET 296 SHRIMP, Alabama cave Palaemonias alabamae 159 cotton-topped Saouinus Oj. oedipus (?)04, (?)317 SIAMANG Hylobates syndactylus. birth 291 birth 185 SIFAKA. verreauxs Prooithecus verrauxi, bir.150 emperor (Sii), birth 217 SLOTH aolden-headed Leontopithecus f =Leontideus ) Hoffman's Choloepus hoffmanni 115 rosalia chrvsomelas. bir. 152.389 two-toed Choloepus didactylus, birth 251 golden lion SNAKE Leontopithecus f=Leontideus) r. rosalia (7)04 aboreal problem feeding iio birth 115,118,185 boa (?)359 relocation 153 Dumeril's AcrantODhis dumerili. hat. 218,292 moustached Saauinus mystax, birth 186 copperhead, Southern red-handed Saauinus midas, birth 06,186 Aakistrodon c. contortrix. hatchina 291 Wedell's (?) )04 garter, San Francisco white-lipped (?)04 Thamnophis sirtalis tetrataenia. hatching 187 TANAGER pine, Northern diademed (diamond) PituoDhis m. melanoleucus. hatchina 152 Steohanoohorus diadematus, hatchina 41,250,352 python (?)359 aolden Tanaara arthus, hatchina 389 carpet Morelia soilotes varieaata 09 turoauoise Tanaara mexicana. hatchina 389 Children's Liasis childreni 09 TAPIR olive Liasis olivaceus 172 Brazilian Taoirus terrestris, birth 117,186,288 tree.oreen Chondroohvthon viridis . f eedina09-10 Malayan Taoirus indicus. birth 41,251 rattlesnake TARSIER Tarsius svrichta, birth 78 Eastern diamondback Crotalus adamanteus TAYRA Eira barbara, birth 251 hatching 152 TEAL South Western spectacled chestnut Anas castanea. hatchina 289 Crotalus mitchelli Dvrrhus. hatchina 05 cinnamon Anas cvanoptera. hatchina 289 SPARROW, dusky seaside 159 Laysan, hatching 290 SPIDER, tooth cave Leptoneta mvooica 159 TELEVISION SCHEDULE SPOONBILL. African Platalea alba, hatchina 78,151,390 Discovery Channel 28,312 SPRINGBOK Antidorcus marsuDialis, birth 352 "Ivory Wars" 189,312 SPRINGHAAS Pedetes capensis. birth 119 Peaceable Kingdom 282 SQUIRREL Safari Live! African Watch 234,312 fox Sciurus niaer, birth 41,352 TERN. Inca Larosterna inca, hatchina 389 ground 28 TIGER Malayan aiant Ratufa bicolor, birth 149 Benaal Panthera tiaris 202 Prevost's, birth 41 birth 117 white phase, birth 221 39 TIGER (cont.) Siberian Panthera tiaris altaica. birth 219 Sumatran Panthera tiaris suiatrae. acq. 288 TINAMOU, elegant crested Eudronia eleaans.hat.06 TOAD, Puerto Rican crested, hatching 117 TOPI Damaliscus lunatus topi 194 acquisition 289 birth 221 TORTOISE pancake Halacochersus tornieri. hatching 41,250,316 radiated Geochelone radiata. hatching 316 TOUCAN channel-billed Ramphastos vitellinus . hat. 113 keel-billed Ramphastos sulfuratus 14 spot-billed Selenidera maculirostris. hat. 113 toco, hatching 288 TROUPIAL L icterus, hatching 292 TRUMPETER, common Psophia crepitans, hat. 389 TUATARA 170,172 TULSA ZOO: Geomatrix Hatting for Avian Feet 195-7 TURTLE 32 Bategur, painted, acquisition 07 infant fungal infections (?)416 mud, scorpion Kinosternon scopioides. hat. 77 red-bellied short-necked Emydura subglobosa(?)150 hatching 150 sea 94,357 slider, red-eared Trachemvs scripta 230 snapping, New Guinea Elseya novaouineae hatching 77 VETERINARY SECTION Animal death form report 377-80 Avian Foot problems - matting 195-7 Avian Triage 325-38 Baboon arm fracture 408 Baby bird diets 337 Cheetah immune system in vitro 230 Elephant vaginal studies (?)189 Giraffe mandible fracture 172 Gorilla, lowland, supplemental feeding 341-6 Macaque -goat milk formula for neonatals 76-7 Medicating prairie dogs, etc. 162 Microchip implant - bat 50-2 Neonatal husbandry & medical care conf. 235-8 Oryx, artificial insemination 62 Penguin sexing by blood feather analysis 273 Pigeon crop milk 186 Primate - medication recipe 10 Turtle, infant fungal infections (?)416 Vaginal cytology studies (?)189 Hater Buffalo - hand raising 27-8 Zoo Medicine Symposium Series 256 VIDEO TAPES Feeds and feeding 275 Zoo Keeper safety 275 VIEWPOINT Addendum to August 1988 11 Blood on Our Hands 59-60 From the Humane Society of U.S. 11-2 VIEWPOINT (cont.) Must Zoo Remain Irrelevant Response 156-8 Why have Conferences 90,130-1 VIRGINIA LIVING MUSEUM: small cats 168 VULTURE kina Sarcorhamohus papa 13 hatching 115,152,222, 291 Rupoell's ariffon Gvos rueppellii. hat. 186 WALLABY 195 Bennett Macropus rufoariseus frutica,birth250 WAPITI Cervus elephaus canadensis, birth 290 WARTHOG Phacochoerus aethiocicus 318 acquisition 221 birth 216 WASHINGTON PARK ZOO: Lesser Panda Management 298-300 Red Panda Breeding Behavior 19-26 WATERBUCK Kobus elliosiovrmnus. birth 389 WATERFOWL 337 WHALE 32 fin 32 killer Orcinus orca 62,103 sei 32 What's in an Animal Name 254-5 WILDCAT Arabian desert Felis silvestris aordoni 271-2 birth 354 Indian Felis silvestris ornata 272 Israeli Felis silvestris tristrami 272 Scottish Felis silvestris arampia 272 Tanzanian Felis silvestris taitae 272 WOLF Arctic Canis luous hudsonicus. birth 288 red Canis rufus areaorvi acquisition 218 pup reintroduction 203-4 timber, Northern Rocky Mt. 340 WOODLAND PARK ZOO: AKF Indexes 81-2,393-4 Update: Zoo Infant Development Project 398-400inserts WOODPECKER redrumoed areen Picus e. ervthroovaius.hat .250,352 WORLD WILDLIFE FUND stricter controls on elephant ivory sales 181 ZEBRA Grant's Eauus burchelli. birth 251,389 Grevy's Equus arevyi. birth 05,288,352 Hartman's mountain Eauus zebra hartmani birth 118 ZOO ATLANTA: Microchip Implant for Bat Identification 50-2 Sexual Harassment in Big Brown Bat 163-5 40 AAZK Membership Application Name check here if renewal [ ] Address City □ $30.00 Professional Full-time Keepers □ $25.00 Associate Those not connected with an animal facility I I $20.00 Library Library subscription only Zoo Affiliation (if any) State/Province Zip — □ $25.00 Affiliate Other staff & volunteers I I $30.00 International All members outside U.S. & Canada regardless of category □ $50.00 or more Contributing Organizations & individuals Zoo Address — Mail this application and check or money order (U.S. CURRENCY ONLY PLEASE), made payable to American Association of Zoo Keepers, Inc., to : AAZK Administrative Offices, Topeka Zoo, 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606 U.S.A. Membership includes a subscription to Animal Keepers' Forum. The membership card is good for free admission to many zoos and aquariums in the U.S. and Canada. INFORMATION FOR CONTRIBUTORS Animal Keepers' Forum publishes original papers and news items of interest to the animal keeping profession. Non-members are welcome to submit articles for consideration. Articles should be typed or hand-printed and double-spaced. All illustrations, graphs and tables should be clearly marked, in final form, and should fit in a page size no greater than 6" x 10" (15cm x 25 l/2cm). Literature used should be cited in the text and in final bibliography. Avoid footnotes. Include scientific name of species (as per ISIS) the first time it is used. Thereafter use common name. Black and white photos only accepted. Articles sent to Animal Keepers' Forum will be reviewed for publication. No commitment is made to the author, but an effort will be made to publish articles as soon as possible. Lengthy articles may be separated into monthly installments at the discretion of the editor. The editor reserves the right to edit material without consultation unless approval is requested in writing by the author. Materials submitted will not be returned unless accompanied by a stamped, self-addressed envelope. Telephone or FAX contributions of late-breaking news or last-minute insertions are accepted. However, long articles must be sent by U.S. mail. The phone number is (913) 272-5821 Ext. 31. FAX # is 913-272-2539. HEADLINE FOR EACH EPHTON IS TOE 15TH OF THE PRECEDING MONTH Articles printed do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the Animal Keepers' Forum editorial staff or the American Association of Zoo Keepers, Inc. Publication does not indicate endorsement by the Association. Items in this publication may be reprinted providing credit to this publication is given and a copy of the reprinted material is forwarded to the editor. Reprints of material appearing in this journal may be ordered from the editor. PRINTED IN U.S.A. iff! - (ft to g»§ 05 5* ft 05 * o ^ 05 3 an Association \nimal keepers' -orum February 1990 Dedicated to Professional Animal Care ANIMAL KEEPERS' FORUM . 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606 Editor-in-Chief: Susan Chan February 1990 Assistant Editor: Alice Miser Volume Seventeen Assistant Editor: Ron Ringer Number Two Animal Keepers' Forum (ISSN 0164-9531) is a monthly journal of the American Association of Zoo Keepers, Inc., 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606. Five dollars of each membership fee goes toward the annual publication costs of Animal Keepers' Forum . Second Class postage paid at Topeka, KS. Postmaster Please send address changes to: American Association of Zoo Keepers, Inc. Administrative Offices, 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606 Barbara Manspeaker, Administrative Secretary BOARD OF DIRECTORS Oliver Claffey, Metro Toronto Zoo, Toronto, Ontario, Canada President Bob Debets, Assiniboine Park Zoo, Winnipeg, Manitoba Canada Vice President Frank B. Kohn, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC 20008 Janet McCoy, Washington Park Zoo, Portland, OR 97221 Ed Hansen, Reid Park Zoo, Tucson, AZ 85716 COMMITTEE CHAIRPERSONS - PROTECT HEADS Conference Book Committee Tim Kelly, Assiniboine Park Zoo Awards Committee Jan McCoy, Washington Park Zoo Book Review Coordinator Rick Emmer, Cleveland Metroparks Zoo Staff Exchange Cynthia Simpson, Brookfield Zoo AAZK History-Committee Art Goodrich, San Diego Zoo International Affairs Coordinators - Animal Data Transfer Form Bemie Feldman, Burnet Park Zoo AAZK Liaison to AAZPA/IZE Kerry Hoffman, Reid Park Zoo Keeper Accommodations-Lisl Heidi Manicki, Metro Toronto Zoo An. Appr.Qach-J.Q_Zp.Qlie.epmg Pat Sammarco, Santa Fe Teaching Zoo Zoo Infant Development Project Harmony Frazier-Taylor, Woodland Park Zoo AAZK Manual of Resources Elandra Aum, Woodland Park Zoo Exhibit Design Form Mark de Denus, Assiniboine Park Zoo Public Relations Liaison Tim Kurkowski, Zoo Atlanta Keeper .Training & Education (includes Library Resources, Reference Search, Program Library, and Keeper Training Materials) L.R/R.S. - Marilyn Cole, Metro Toronto K.T.M- Rosemary Jalink, Nat'l Aquarium Research/Grants Committee VACANT Public . Education Committee Ellen Bradfield, Zoo Atlanta Mona Keith, Calgary Zoo (east) and Pam McDougall, Calgary Zoo (west) Membership Directory Administrative Office Staff Diet Notebook Susan Bunn Spencer, Minnesota Zoo Biological Yalues/Gestation Toni Danzig, Greater S. F. Bay Area Chapter Legislative Advisor John Stoddard, Brookfield Zoo By-Laws Review Marilyn Cole, Metro Toronto Zoo Zoo/Universitv List Mike Illig, Washington Park Zoo Nominations & Elections David Luce, Fresno Zoo Zoonotic Diseases Notebook Bruce Clark, Toledo Zoo Keeper Training Videotape Marilyn Cole, Metro Toronto Zoo/Production Coordinator Jean Ragland-McMahan, Woodland Park Zoo/ Distribution Coordinator Director of Chapter and — Regional-Affairs Committee Bill Whittaker, Toledo Zoological Gardens, Toledo, OH Assistant CRAC Directors Colleen Kinzley, Brookfield Zoo and Nancy Pintavalli, Columbus Zoo Individual Regional Coordinators and the states they oversee are listed elsewhere in each issue of AKF. This month's cover features artwork by Dorothy G. Kline, artist and Kansas City Friends of the Zoo member. The Common Eland (Taurotrogus oryx) , at 1500-2000 lbs, are the third largest antelope. They are used as a domestic animal for milk and meat in parts of Africa and have recently been imported to Asia for this purpose. The K. C. Zoo has been awarded a Gold Propagator's Certificate from AAZPA for 50 young born at our zoo. The Trumpeter Swan (Cygnus cygnus buccinator) , the largest North American swan, has been quite successful at the K.C. Zoo with 37 hatchings as well as eggs sent for surrogate parent hatching. The K.C. Zoo has participated in programs to reintroduce these birds to their native habitat. Thanks, Dorothy! Scoops and/^ ' x Scuttlebutt Conference Proceedings Now Available The Proceedings of the 15th National AAZK Conference held October 1-5, 1989 in Syracuse, NY are now available. If you either ordered a copy prior to the conference or placed an order at the conference you should receive it soon. They were mailed in mid- January. If you have not ordered your copy and would like to do so, please fill out the Conference Proceedings Order Form in this issue of AKF and return to Administrative Offices in Topeka. The cost per copy is $7.00 for members and $12.00 for non-members. Orders from outside the U.S. and Canada should add $4.00 extra for postage and handling. We have only ordered a limited number beyond what were pre-ordered, so if you want a copy you should act promptly. Please Note Change of Address for Diet Notebook Coordinator Effective immediately, the correct mailing address for Susan Bunn Spencer, Coordinator for the AAZK Diet Notebook Project is P.O. Box 5823, Bridgeport, CT 06610 OR do Beardsley Park Zoo, Noble Ave., Bridgeport, CT 06610. Susan has left the Minnesota Zoological Garden to accept a keeper position at Beardsley and all correspondence should be sent to the addresses given above. Brint Spencer, past AAZK Board member and Coordinator for the Reptile portion of the Diet Notebook Project may be reached at the same address. Please note this change in your Directory or personal address files. APT Forms Available Upon Request Animal Data Transfer Forms for zoos and aquariums are available free of charge upon request. This is a service provided by AAZK. Contact: Bernie Feldman, Burnet Park Zoo, 500 Burnet Park Drive, Syracuse, NY 13204. If your facility is not already using the ADT Form, encourage your administration to implement its use whenever an animal is shipped. Zqq infant PfiYdopment Project Cots Off to a Good Start m 1939 I would like to thank Bill Fagerland, Woodland Park Zoo; Patty Pearthree, Indianapolis Zoo; and Carolann Curry, Mill Mt. Zoo for so promptly turning in ZIDP Forms before the end of the year. Patti turned in about a dozen forms. If this is any indication of what we can expect in 1990, the project should really begin to blossom. Thanks so much. I am also in need of coordinators for the bird and reptile sections. If you are interested, please let me know by the end of February if possible. If you need Zoo Infant Development Forms, you can request them by writing to me at Woodland Park Zoological Garden, 5500 Phinney Ave. N., Seattle, WA 98103. - Harmony Frazier -Taylor, ZIDP Coordinator 41 Scoops and Scuttlebutt. Continued Conference Planning Update For those members planning on attending upcoming AAZK National Conference, the following information is provided: 1990 AAZK National Conference 1991 AAZK National Conference 1992 AAZK National Conference (AAZK's 25th Anniversary) New Orleans, LA Toledo, OH San Diego, CA November 4-8, 1990 undecided as yet undecided as yet AAZK Conferences are generally held in the Fall of each year (September or October). The New Orleans Conference is being held later in order to avoid the height of the hurricane season in that region. Information on the 1990 New Orleans Conference, especially important information on the post-conference trip to Belize, appears elsewhere in this issue. Please check it out as deadlines are soon. If you have questions about either the Toledo 1991 or San Diego 1992 conferences you may contact Bil Whittaker at the Toledo Zoo or Terri Schuerman at the San Diego Wild Animal Park. We will publish dates for the 1991 and 1992 conferences as soon as they have been confirmed by their respective committees. From the President. On December 26, 1989, Jean Hromadka died after a long struggle with cancer. I know that this news comes as a shock to many of you who knew Jean personally or through her messages in AKF as President of AAZK. Jean served on the Board of Directors from 1984 through 1987 and as the Association’s President from 1985-87. She devoted most of her spare time to bettering AAZK, its Chapters and its professional image. She was a friend and colleague to all who were touched by her happy spirit and intense enthusiasm. -Frank B. Kohn, Immediate Past President It was with great sadness that we learned of the untimely death of a friend, fellow zookeeper and Past-President, Jean Hromadka. She was a warm, energetic woman with a wonderful sense of humor. Her dedication to AAZK and all it stands for should always be remembered. We must find the best way to pay tribute to someone of her stature. -Oliver Claffey, AAZK President The AAZK Board of Directors is currently exploring ways to establish a lasting tribute to Jean Hromadka, possibly in the form of an award named in her memory or a grant or scholarship of some kind. More information will be forthcoming on this in a later issue of AKIL As a more immediate tribute to Jean’s memory, AAZK will be collecting contributions from individuals or Chapters to send to The African Wildlife Foundation. These donations will be earmarked to be used for: 1. Public Education in the U.S. on the current poaching situation and the illegal ivory trade. 2. To support elephant research in Amboselli National Park. 3. To help fund anti-poaching activities, including support materials such as two-way radios for anti-poaching patrols. If you would care to contribute to this memorial contribution to The African Wildlife Foundation in Jean's memory, please send your donations to AAZK Administrative Offices, 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606. We ask that you make checks payable to AAZK and send them by April 1, 1990, if possible. We will then forward a single check and list of contributors on to The African Wildlife Foundation. Please address your envelope to: Jean Hromadka Memorial Fund. Letters to the Editor Dear Editor, Many things have come to pass in the year of 1989, but only one event stands out in my mind as being unforgettable - the passing of a true friend, Jean Hromadka. Jean was many things to many people - a past AAZK President, an inspiration to zookeepers, a President of our local South Florida AAZK and its founder. If you knew her personally she would do anything to help a friend in need. Early in her career Jean worked at the San Jose Children's Zoo in California. She raised a baby elephant and from that moment on her love of these large pachyderms grew. After moving to Florida, Jean got a keeper position at the Miami Metrozoo. This is where she would get the chance she had waited for - to work with big elephants. Jean contributed much to an already established elephant department. She constantly was aware of the responsibility of working elephants and educated the public about the ins and outs of elephant handling. She was well respected by all who knew her and those who knew her work. Her next career move took her to the zoo she had always wanted to work at, the San Diego Zoo in California. She grew professionally and became a key member of the elephant department at the San Diego Wild Animal Park under Alan Roocroft. Just following a much deserved promotion to lead keeper of the elephant department, Jean found out she had cancer of the liver. Unfortunately our modern medical science was unable to help her, but many friends sent her cards and gifts. I am told by a friend who was with her to the end that those cards and gifts were the highlight of her days. She was constantly overwhelmed by the thoughtfulness of those who sent money to help her pay the bills. Jean is no longer in pain now, but it was painful to hear the news that she was physically gone. I know that Jean is still with us in spirit. There is at least one memory we will each carry with us of her work, her humor or her irrepressible personality and she will be missed. Rachel Watkins Rogers Zookeeper, Metrozoo (Editor's Note: Having had the great opportunity and genuine pleasure of working with Jean Hromadka during her years as AAZK Board member and AAZK President, I know what a great void has been left in the zoological community by her passing. Her boundless energy and enthusiasm, her dedication to AAZK and its goals, and her caring and concern for all creatures on both sides of the zoo guardrails will always be an inspiration to me personally and professionally. SC) 43 AAZK Award Nominations Are Now Being Accepted for 1989! The AAZK Awards Committee would like to begin accepting nominations for the awards to be presented at the 1990 AAZK Conference in New Orleans. In the following months there will be information concerning the qualifications, nomination procedures, selection procedures and an explanation of the AAZK Excellence in Zookeeping (EZ), Certificate of Merit for Zookeeper Education (CMZE) and Meritorious Achievement (MA) Awards. The deadline for all award nominations in 1 June 1989. All award nominations received after 1 June will be reviewed for 1991, so please keep this in mind when submitting your nominations. All awards given by the AAZK do not have a minimum or maximum number offered each year. Also, if the nominees do not meet the qualifications and nominators do not follow the nomination procedures, they will not receive the award for which they were nominated. Please include scientific names of animals when they are included in the nomination of a special or outstanding breeding acknowledgment. Please submit all nominations to: Jan McCoy, AAZK Awards Chair Washington Park Zoo 4001 S.W. Canyon Rd. Portland, OR 97221 AAZK Excellence in Zookeeping Award This award is given to keepers who go beyond what is considered "average" in the areas of dedication, commitment, and professionalism in the field of zookeeping. In fulfilling the animal’s needs, a keeper must have a knowledge of the animal's behavior, physiology, and natural history. This is the essential knowledge necessary for effectively maintaining a species in captivity. The excellent zookeeper must excel in one or more of these areas but not be lacking in any of them. Qualifications; 1. The nominee must be a full-time animal keeper, employed in any North American zoological institution, aquarium or related facility. 2. The nominee must have been employed at least two years on permanent status at a zoo, aquarium or related facility. 3. The nominee must be nominated by his or her peers who have also been employed at that same zoo, aquarium or related facility. Supporting nominations may be submitted by management personnel from the same institution. Nomination Procedure; 1. List name, position, institution’s name, address, phone and Director, years of service in the field and the recommendation of peers or colleagues. 2. Lis and document outstanding achievements: exhibits, breeding, education, etc. 3. List any extra activities outside of zoo, aquarium or related facility work: working with conservation groups, youth, wildlife officials, etc. 4 Deadline for nominations is JUNE 1st of each year. Selection Procedure; The Awards Committee, consisting of five keepers, will independently review each nominee. 44 9 Coming Events Conference on the Herpetology of the North February 17-18, 1990 Los Angeles, CA Sponsored by the Southwestern Herpetologists Society. Will feature papers, banquet. For information contact: SHNAD, Southwestern Herpetologists Society, P.O. Box 7469, Van Nuys, CA 91409. National Wildlife Jkhabilitetors Association I'SYMFOSIUM W March 21-25, 1990 Ithaca, NY To be held at Cornell University, the Symposium's featured topics will be Toxins in the Environment and Oil Spills. Workshops will be held for acquisition of specific skills, including diagnosis and treatment, care and management, public education, catastrophic strategic planning. Workshops and lectures to include basic and advanced rehabilitation techniques, veterinary procedures, educational and management needs. For further information contact: Nancy Dabney, NWRA Announcement Chair, 2125 Wrens Way, Clearwater, FL 34624. Arizona Wolf Symposium '90 March 23-24, 1990 Phoenix, AZ Co-sponsored by P.A.Ws. (Preserve Arizona's Wolves) and the Arizona chapter of the Wildlife Society, the symposium will be held at Arizona State University. The symposium will explore a wide variety of topics about wolves including status in captivity, range management, education and recovery programs for the Red Wolf, Rocky Mountain Wolf and the Mexican Wolf Speakers will include U.S. and Mexican biologists, captive breeders and educators. David Mech, the nation's premier wolf biologist, will be the keynote speaker. Mike Seidman, of the Central Arizona Chapter AAZK, will present a paper discussing attitudes towards wolves. The subject of wolf reintroduction will be debated by a panel including a rancher, congressman, hunter and environmentalist. To receive an information/registration packet, please write or call: Terri Volk, 6236 S. 10th St., Phoenix, AZ 85040 (602) 276-2849. 1990 AAZPA Regional Conferences Central Regional - 11-13 March - for more information, contact Kathy Rickard, Gladys Porter Zoo, 500 Ringgold St., Brownsville, TX 78520 (512) 546-7187. Western Regional - 25-27 March - For more information, contact Kim Parker, Sacraamento Zoo, 3930 West Land Park Dr., Sacramento, CA 95822 (916) 449-5166. Southern Regional - 8-10 April - for more information, contact Mary Leverette, Riverbanks Zoological Park, P.O. Box 1060, Columbia, SC 29202 (803) 779-8717. Northeastern Regional - 29 April - 1 May -for more information, contact Gretchen Ellsworth, National Zoological Park, 3000 Block of Connecticut Ave., N.W., Washington, DC 20008 (202) 673-4666. Great Lakes Regional - 6-8 May - for more information, contact Jim Anderson, Fort Wayne Children's Zoo, 3411 Sherman Blvd., Fort Wayne, IN 46808 (219) 482-4610. 45 Coming Events. Continued Third International Symposium on Lion-tailed Macaques May 23-25, 1990 San Diego, CA To be held at the San Diego Zoo, the program will feature invited lectures, paper sessions, workshops, and tours of San Diego's unique facilities. Major issues to be discussed during the symposium are habitat conservation, captive mangement, and reintroduction to wild reserves. Individuals having relevant work to present are asked to contact the symposium organizer by 1 March, 1990. Send inquiries and information to: Dr. Donald Lindburg, Zoological Society of San Diego, P.O. Box 551, San Diego, CA 92112. Second International Symposium on the Biology of Deer May 28-June 1, 1990 Mississippi State University A sequel to the international symposium on the Biology of Deer Production held in Dunedin, New Zealand in 1983, this symposium will convene scientists, managers, and farmers concerned with the biology and management of cervids. The symposium will offer plenary lectures, oral and poster presentations, and informal workshops wherein scientists can present and discuss recent advances in our knowledge of the biology of cervids as well as their application to the management of farmed and wild deer. For further information, contact: Dr. Robert D. Brown, Chairman, Biology of Deer Symposium, Dept, of Wildlife and Fisheries, P.O. Drawer LW, Mississippi State, MS 39762 (601) 325- 3830; FAX 601-325-3299. Gorilla Workshop June 22-25, 1990 Powell, OH The Columbus Zoo is hosting a three-day Gorilla Workshop with the emphasis on behavioral solutions to behavioral problems in the captive gorilla population. For further information contact: The Great Apes Staff, The Columbus Zoo, Box 400, 9990 Riverside Dr., Powell, OH 43065. (614) 645-3426; FAX (614) 645-3465. & AAZK Announces New Professional Members Jane McCleary, Baltimore Zoo (MD) Julie Heininger, Columbus Zoo (OH) Kathryn Anderson, Minnesota Zoo (MN) Kimberly Sunblad, Prescott Animal Prk(AZ) Rob Steele, Palo Alto Jr. Museum/Zoo (CA) Bridget Burke-Johnson, Metro Toronto Zoo (Ont) John Arrvda, Metro Toronto Zoo (Ont) Dorothy Ahler, WILDFUR (AL) Suzan Campbell, Detroit Zoo (MI) Michael Salmon, Ramsey Prk Zoo (MN) Robert Merz, St. Louis Zoo (MO) Amy Williams, Sacramento Zoo (CA) Sandra Bokovoy, Metro Toronto Zoo (Ont) Keith Whelpdale, Metro Toronto Zoo (Ont) Renewing Contributing Members Minnesota Zoo Library, Apple Valley, MN 46 Quality exotic animal diets CBITPX01 HU Nutritionally balanced OilfeV 1 tiUM Fixed formulation • Economical When you need a complete line of high-quality dry and frozen animal diets for your feeding program, call Animal Spectrum. NEBRASKA BRAND 4 \ Frozen feline diets Frozen bird of prey diets Frozen canine diet Chunk and chopped horsemeat, hearts, livers, rib, shank, and knuckle bones The original gluten-free primate diets. Banana flavored primate, 15% protein Banana flavored primate, Pro-Plus 25% protein SPECTRUM Omnivore dry Polar Bear dry Ratite dry Hoofstock supplement, with Selenium BROOD-RITE HEATERS Bulbless heaters— nothing to break. Safe around all animals and bedding material. Even heat distribution in 240, 500, or 750 wattages. One call does it all ££ 1-800-228-4005 In Nebraska, call collect 402/488-6492 Animal Spectrum, Inc. Box 6307 Lincoln, NE 68506-0307 November 4-8, 1990 New Orleans, LA NEW ORLEANS -- Good food, good music and good times! Jazz, cajun, French Quarter, Mardi Gras, Superdome and steamboats. All this and more come to mind when you think of New Orleans. Our conference headquarters is the Clarion Hotel on famous Canal Street. This is easy walking distance to the French Quarter, the Mississippi River and the streetcar line. While in New Orleans, we will visit the brand new Aquarium of the Americas which will open fall 1990. New at the zoo will be the Tropical Bird House, to open this summer. Our award-winning Louisiana Swamp Exhibit and Reptile Encounter are other highlights of the zoo. The weather in November ’’averages 61°*’. Chances are it will be warmer than that. Although November is technically during hurricane season, we feel sure the only Hurricanes you’ll be experiencing are the 32oz. kind served at Pat O'Brien’s. New Orleans is a city you have to see for yourself. Please join us November 4-8 for a lot of learning and a whole lot of fun! Post-Conference Trip to Belize Attention all sun worshipers! The Audubon Zoo AAZK Chapter is planning a special post-conference trip. Taking advantage of our close proximity to Central America, a trip to Belize has been planned. We have scheduled a 4-day, 3-night stay on Ambergris Caye, an island on Belize's Great Barrier Reef and only 15 minutes from the mainland. Birding, snorkeling, windsurfing, day sails and more are available on the island or, of course, you can always choose to just bake in the sun! The trip will cost $442.00 double occupancy. This includes your room, round trip airfare and all hotel tax and service charge. No meals are included. We will leave New Orleans on Saturday, 10 Nov. and return on Tuesday, 13 Nov. Because the rooms are already reserved, we need you to decide quickly if you'd like to go! We need to hear from you bv 1 March if you'd like to go and receive a deposit of $150.00 bv 1 April Please call or write to Carolyn Kennedy or Cathi Lehn at P.O. Box 4327, New Orleans, LA 70178 (504) 861-2537. Deposit checks made out to Audubon Park Zoo AAZK Chapter and mailed to the above address. For those of you wishing to stay closer to home, information on other post- conference trips will appear in later issues oiAKF. The Audubon Zoo AAZK Chapter Invites You to Join Us for the 16th National AAZK Conference November 4-8, 1990 Clarion Hotel, New Orleans, LA Southern Hospitality at its Best! 49 DOWN UNDER By Judie Steenberg , Keeper Woodland Park Zoo Seattle , WA DOWN UNDER is an information column about Australasian ani- mals. While there are a number of Keepers who work in Austral- asian Units, or routines, oft times a Keeper will have a few species of animals from the Australasian zoogeographical region on their string or routine. It is hoped this section will contain information on birds, mammals and reptiles. This column is intended to: -share experiences and information to improve the care and management of Australasian animals. -seek information and advice on problems that occur. -serve as a forum through which to make comment, to ask questions, to critique, or to verify information. Please send your materials (a question, a paragraph or an article) directly to Animal Keepers' Forum. Topeka Zoological Park, 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606, Attn: Susan Chan. Scrub Typhus Triggers Exciting Discovery by f Jane Mundy reprinted from NEWS ( Association of Zoo Friends) Taronga Park Zoo 7(2): 19, 1989 Taronga, in cooperation with researchers from the Australian Museum, is to take part in a captive breeding program that may save Papua New Guinea's largest living endemic mammal from extinction Almost daily, species of mammals, birds and reptiles throughout the world are becoming extinct because of the impact of progress and development on their natural environment. So it comes as welcome news that Dr. Tim Flannery, head of the Australian Museum's mammal section, has added a new species to the depleted list of those remaining. Flannery has discovered a native Papua New Guinea mammal previously unknown to Europeans and, in cooperation with Taronga Zoo, is soon to begin work on a captive breeding program that may see its diminishing numbers stabilize and even grow. That the mammal, a large black tree kangaroo now thought to be the largest living endemic Melanesian mammal, was discovered at all was a quirk of fate. Had Dr. Flannery not 50 DOWN UNDER. Continued been struck down by scrub typhus while on an investigative expedition to the Toricelli Mountains in northern Papua New Guinea in 1985, he might never have stumbled on the clue to the existence of this elusive creature. As it was, one of the porters who carried the ailing Dr. Flannery to the local mission station happened to be wearing a curious talisman round his neck. Through the fog of his fever, Dr. Flannery thought it to be the claw of a large mammal - unlike any other species he had seen in the area, but similar in some respects to many tree kangaroos already in the collection at the Museum in Sydney. When opportunity knocks, not even typhus will deter a true scientific detective, and Dr. Flannery made sure he didn't leave Papua New Guinea without first acquiring that strange claw. But it wasn't until three years later that he was able to return to the Torricellis with his research assistant, Tish Ennis, to track down its origins. To the native mountain people the claw was not such an enigma. They recognized it immediately as belonging to the large, black creature that lived in the treetops high in the cloud-enshrouded mountaintops above their village. These creatures had thick fur, small ears, well-developed hind legs, a tail which helped them balance on the branches, and fully grown were up to two meters long, the native people said. The creature was becoming rare, they said, and so for them the claw pendant was quite a prized possession. Dr. Flannery's search for a live specimen proved frustrating. If the creature did exist, it was not going to give itself up easily, and after 10 days fruitlessly combing the cold, damp, dark mountain rainforests for some sign of its presence, the prospects of finding it looked grim. Dr. Flannery had packed his bags and was ready to admit defeat when down from the mountains came an old village man and his dog, the latter bearing the coveted quarry. Unfortunately it was dead - a baby about one meter long and just out of the pouch. It was thought to have been killed by the dog but perhaps was simply found abandoned. Although a lesser prize than the live specimen he sought, this was at least real proof for Dr. Flannery of the existence of the species, and it remained only to return with it to Sydney and to compare it with other specimens so that its precise identity could be established. The discovery was a real coup for Dr. Flannery. He identified the species as a black tree kangaroo, one and a half to two meters long and weighing 20kg in maturity. This made it not only the largest tree kangaroo known, but also the largest endemic mammal from Melanesia. Its total population is thought to be no more than a few hundred , and its distribution is limited only to the mossy forests on the summit of the Torricelli Mountains. For this reason, Dr. Flannery says it is vital to conserve the few remaining animals immediately and to begin a captive breeding program at Taronga Zoo aimed to swell their numbers for the future. The first task will be to return to Papua New Guinea to survey the habitat of the tree kangaroo and to locate live specimens. These will be 'radio-tracked' to gather more information about where and how they live, where they range, what they eat, and whether they are social or solitary. This kind of data is essential so that a captive environment can be created which as closely as possible simulates their natural one. Time is also needed to acclimatize the animals to human contact. Taronga keepers , and later vets, will be sent to the Toricellis to experience the habitat for themselves and to get to know the animals before they are dispatched south. Then the task will be to construct an authentic breeding area - one where temperatures are controlled so that it is always cold, where the forest floor is always dark and wet and where mosses, orchids and epiphytes cling to the branches of the trees much as they do in the rainforests of southwest Tasmania. 51 DOWN UNDER. Continued If Australian rainforest plants prove to be unsuitable, seeds and small saplings of indigenous trees may have to be brought down from Papua New Guinea. They will be cultivated in the greenhouses of Sydney’s Botanic Gardens before being transplanted at Taronga. The unusual jaw musculature of this particular species compared with other tree kangaroo species suggests that although probably also a herbivore, it may have an unusual diet. This, or substitutes equivalent in nutrients, will of course have to be made available. Although Dr. Flannery's discovery of this new species of tree kangaroo is of great importance in itself, its preservation is going to depend on far more than simply increasing its numbers in a captive environment. Dr. Flannery says the predictament of its dwindling numbers is a function of the greenhouse effect that is likely to see a 4° C rise in the world's temperatures over the next 40 years. "At the end of the last Ice Age 20,000 years ago, the world's temperature rose 8° C, and this caused the tree-line in New Guinea to rise by 2000 meters. If we can use this as a predictor, another 4° C warming will result in the tree-line rising a further 1000 meters, and if this happens, some of the most diverse species on earth, including tree kangaroos, will simply be pushed off the top of these mountains," he said. "The habitat of this mammal is already very small. We think it is only 39 square kilometers, and if it shrinks further, the species may become extinct naturally as a direct result of the greenhouse effect. Indeed, if we had not found it now, the species would probably have had only another 20 years on the planet." As part of its conservation charter, Taronga is an enthusiastic participant in captive breeding programs for this and other endangered species, many more of which are to be found in the retreating rainforests of Papua New Guinea. Only one in six of all rainforest species have been discovered, let alone studied or described in detail, and as man destroys the world’s rainforests at the rate of a hectare per second, how many of those species as yet undiscovered will survive to add to our knowledge and appreciation of the richness and diversity of life on this planet? Educational Tidbits Submitted by Barbara A. Birney, Ph D. Visitor Research and Exhibit Evaluation Brookfield Zoo, Brookfield, IL A Citizen’s Guide to Plastics in the Ocean; More than a litter problem (1988) offers information about the problem itself, legislative efforts to act on it, potential solutions, and a resource listing of government and private agencies trying to help. For more information, contact the Center for Environmental Education, 1725 Desales St., N.W., Ste. 500, Washington, DC 20036. Exhibit planners may be interested in The Experience of Nature: A Psychological Perspective (1989) by Rachel and Steven Kaplan. Among other topics, the book discusses how people perceive natural settings and variations between different groups. For more information contact: Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge, 32 East 57th St., New York, NY 10022. Animals and People Sharing the World (1988) edited by A.N. Rowan may be of relevance to any zoo personnel interested in the attitudes of people towards animals. For information contact: University Press of New England, 17 1/2 Lebanon St., Hanover, NH 03755. 52 Nixon Griffis Fund for Zoological Research Awards Four Grants The Nixon Griffis Fund for Zoological Research (NGFZR), established in 1984 by New York Zoological Society Trustee Nixon Griffis, awarded four research grants in November 1989. The recipients were: Katherine A. Bell and Barbara Baker, DVM, Riverbanks Zoo; and Robert P. Lawler, PhD, University of South Carolina "DNA Fingerpruinting for the Determination of Parentage in Wild Caught Black Howler Monkeys ( Alouatta caraya )" Carol Glick, Arizona State University "Examination of Social Effects on the Number of Ovulatory Cycles to Conception in Captive Female Lowland Gorillas ( Gorilla g. gorilla )" C. Douglas Page, DVM, Jacksonville Zoo; and Michele Mautino, DVM, University of Florida "Comparative Pharmacokinentics of Trimethoprim/Silfadiazine Administered Intravenously and Orally to Captive Elephants" Dennis A. Thoney, PhD, New York Aquarium "The Effects of Trichlorfon, Mebendazole, and Praziquantel on Various Stages of Monogenea (Platyhelminthes) Infesting Aquarium Fishes" Nixon Griffis Fund for Zoological Research grants are available to members of the zoo and aquarium community. Fund recipients may be keepers, curators, veterinarians, or research and consulting biologists. Grants, not to exceed $3000, are awarded semi- annually. Closing periods are 1 January and 1 July. For information about the Fund and grant application procedures, contact John Behler, Coordinator, Nixon Griffis Fund for Zoological Research, do New York Zoological Society, Bronx Zoo, Bronx, NY 10460. Scimitar-horned oryx (Oryx dammah) 9 53 A Diary of Two Swift Fox (Vulpes velox) Pups By Penelope West, Affiliate Member AAZK Edmonton, Alberta, Canada The swift fox, a member of the canid family, gets its name from its speed. Individuals have been clocked at 60km/h, but because of their smallness they seem to move at even greater speed. It is about 40% smaller than the red fox and about the size of a house cat. The adult male averages 2.45 kg and the female 2.25 kg. They stand 30 cm at the shoulder and have a total body length of 80 cm1. On 26 May, 1989, the Valley Zoo in Edmonton received two swift fox pups from the Wildlife Reserve of Western Canada at Cochrane, Alberta. They were brought to Edmonton by the Canadian Wildlife Service for the Valley Zoo to hand-raise for display and breeding. The male was named "Spice" (DB: 19 May ’89) and the female "Sugar" (DB: 14 May ’89). Valley Zoo Volunteers, who work in the nursery under the guidance of zoo staff, helped to care for the foxes from their arrival at the Zoo until they were moved to their permanent quarters at three months of age. Every Sunday, beginning on 28 May, 1989, the author, as one of the Valley Zoo Volunteers, kept a personal diary of the development and interactions of the foxes on a weekly basis until they were placed in their outdoor pen. The following is an excerpt from that diaiy. DIET: Weeks 1 & 2 - feline mammalac. Weeks 3 & 4 - formula + strained baby food - veal being preferred to chicken or beef. Week 5 - canned cat food + formula + water in separate dishes to take as they wished. Weeks 6-8 - formula (changed to 1/2 evaporated milk and 1/2 water) + canned cat food + water. Weeks 9-11 - canned cat food + water. Week 12 - meat + cat chow + water. 28 MAY - Sugar has her eyes open but Spice's eyes are closed. Both are crawling and look much like kittens with light, short, thin coats. 4 JUNE - Sugar looks more like a fox now and quite curious. She is walking with a little stagger, trying to clean herself and starting to bite. Spice's eyes are open and he is trying to stand but unsteady. He still does not look like a fox. Their coats are becoming longer and thicker. They have what appears to be a full set of very tiny teeth. When trying to take pictures of the pups together Sugar took after Spice and began biting him. We had to hold them to protect Spice from harassment. Earlier in the week the zookeepers separated the pups in the cage placing Spice in a box as Sugar was chewing on his penis. 11 JUNE - Sugar very aggressive and becoming better coordinated. She plays a little, chews and bites. Becoming more foxlike, her ears stand up perkily and she can sit now. Spice looks as Sugar did last week. His legs are much stronger, his ears are still floppy and he sleeps most of the time. 18 JUNE - The zookeepers have replaced the box with the cage from a birdcage. The foxes can see and touch each other but Sugar cannot physically harass or chew on Spice unless his tail or ear protrudes through the bars. We are now putting them on the nursery floor for exercise while we clean their cage and prepare their diets. Sugar very playful. She like to run and jump and is starting to play with sticks. Spice now walks better. He still shows the week's difference in development. He has foxlike features now with ears erect. He seems to have a skin problem on his stomach and is constantly licking and chewing himself. This has been reported to the zookeepers. Canadian Wildlife Service, 1983 54 A Diary of Two Swift Fox Pups. Continued Male Swift Fox, Spice, on 4 June, 1989 weighed 200 grams. Note: The notebook is 6 3/4 " by 4 1/4" and was used for size comparison of the pups when photographed. (Photo: Penelope West) 25 JUNE - Veterinarian says Spice sucks his tummy out of habit. He prescribed "Variton" cream as the taste discourages his licking. We put cream on his penis whenever he starts to suck it. Sugar and Spice played and ran together. They are very inquisitive and much more agile. Spice beginning to stand his ground with Sugar. 2 JULY - Sugar and Spice are now sleeping together with no barrier. Spice no longer sucking himself. They play well together and are into everything. Sugar got a cloth out of the nursery bedding box and when Spice grabbed it too there was a snarling match until Spice was given one of his own. Sugar played with a grape for 5 minutes before losing interest. They both practiced stalking and pouncing skills. Both aggressive now - Sugar no longer totally dominant as Spice stands his ground. When they knocked over the long handled squeegee, they jumped back when the handle hit the floor with a loud ’crack’ and then Sugar bit the handle for scaring her. Both are comfortable with being handled. When they got into a spat in their cage I told them to "knock it off and they stopped immediately, undoubtedly responding to my tone of voice. 9 JULY - Pups were moved from the nursery cage to a room in the center aisle of the Saito Centre where they have a large play area. Sugar and Spice are sleeping curled up together. They are developing a strong odor. While weighing and photographing them in the nursery, we drew quite a crowd of interested visitors. We took the pups out to "meet the people", holding them close and securely, and did not allow them to be patted. The pups were a little unsure about the people at first but were quite happy when they realized they would remain snugly held in our arms. They are beginning to play with us now. 16 JULY - Pups are very playful. They use us to hide behind from each other and then pounce on their playmate. Practicing their hunting skills (stalking, hiding, pouncing) as they play. They are interested in playing with objects. Each displayed dominance over their own toy. They have a blanket for bedding which doubles for tug-of-war. 23 JULY - Took the pups outside, one at a time, for 15 minutes each. Spice more relaxed than Sugar. Balloons frighten them. Their acute hearing was evident in their reaction to sudden sounds like squeaky cart wheels, kids' cries, etc. While outside they were happy as long as they were held securely in my arms. When given the chance to sit on my lap, Sugar 55 A Diary of Two Swift Fox Pups. Continued reached up to be picked up as she was too unsure to enjoy just sitting. They will be fine once they get used to the noises and movement outside. They are used to very quiet surroundings in the nursery/Saito Centre. When photographing them in the nursery, Sugar spotted a cage of small birds and began stalking them. The birds were not amused! 30 JULY - Zoo visitors are intrigued with the pups. Spice loves to get his tummy scratched. Both curled up on my lap and dozed for a few minutes until they were ready to play again. Sugar loves to play with the remnant of a stuffed toy while Spice plays with my notebook. '£>«*." - 4i<>M jcsCXo §■» Hill : '■ '' ' .. . |hHhHh| »I1I1H1»H1 m Male Swift Fox, Spice (1) at weight of 530 grams and female Swift Fox, Sugar (r) at weight of 745 grams on 25 June, 1989. (Photo: Penelope West) 6 AUGUST - Greeted gladly by the pups who were looking forward to someone to play with them. They are enjoying their new area and are very happy. As I was changing film in my camera, Spice grabbed the camera lens cover and ran off with it before I could stop him. He buried it in the straw. I took the carrying case off the camera to open the camera box and Spice swiped that too. I put the empty film box in my pocket and as I was putting the film in the camera Sugar stole the box. They are certainly "swift". It took me a few minutes to get the items back. They had a great time chasing each other, stalking and pouncing. 13 AUGUST - The foxes were moved into their outdoor pen on 11 August. They are enjoying the added space to play and are actively exploring their new area. They are curious/concemed about their new neighbors (a family of lynx, a pair of wolves and a pair of cougar) located across the walkway on the south side of their pen. The two elephants across the drive/walkway to the north of their pen are not so interesting. When a raven flew over their pen the pups dove for cover; however, they soon learned to ignore birds. Care of the pups is now being given by the zookeepers. POSTSCRIPT Since this diary was completed the pups have adjusted fully to their new surroundings and totally ignore their neighbors. They still enjoy playing with the staff/volunteers. They have begun to dig new holes in their pen and like to play together by the hour to the delight of zoo visitors. Unlike swift fox in the wild, they are out during the day which is a boon to visitors as previous swift fox in the exhibit were out only early in the morning or in the evening when the zoo was closed. 56 A Diary of Two Swift Fox Pups. Continued. Figure 1 WEIGHT MEASUREMENTS ( An i®als weighed 6:00 p.m. every Sunday) SUGAR ( female) SPICE (male) Age (days) Weight (grams) % gain of body weight Age (days) Weight (grama) % gain of body weight May 28, 1989 14 210 9 145 June 04, 1989 21 295 29* 16 200 28% June 11, 1989 28 410 29% 23 270 26% June 18, 1989 35 585 30% 30 370 28% June 25, 1989 42 745 22% 37 530 31% July 02, 1989 49 940 21% 44 705 25% July 09, 1989 56 1125 17% 51 880 20% July 16, 1989 63 1300 14% 58 1045 16% July 23, 1989 70 1485 13% 65 1245 17% July 30, 1989 77 1680 12% 72 1445 14% August 06, 1989 84 1750 4% 79 1555 8% NOTE: average adult weights1 : female 2250 grams ■ale 2450 grains ‘Canadian Wildlife Service, 1983 Figure 2 GROWTH CHART OF SWIFT FOX PUPS ZOO ARRIVAL - PERMANENT QUARTERS WEIGHT IN GRAMS 2300 2100 1900 1700 1500 1300 1100 900 700 100 — - • ! ! t | _ . i 1 ..... .. \:’Jy j i i ! r ■ - i fipL uJSL i ... l ! f ! i - ■ j i - j. I i " H i 1 r- • -- -- ! ! J 1 r ! 1 ~t j ■“! ! MAY 28 JUN 11 JUN 25 JUL 9 JUL 23 AUG 6 JUN 4 JUN 18 JUL 2 JUL 16 JUL 30 AVERAGE ADULT WEIGHTS $ 2250 GRAMS Cf 2450 GRAMS £ BD 14-05-89 cf BD 19-05-89 57 A Diarv of Two Swift Fox Pups. Continued The public is very interested in these small animals and asks numerous questions about them. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: The Valley Zoo Volunteers, who work long hours to care for the Swift Fox and the other nursery residents, are a dedicated group who donate their time for the well being of the Valley Zoo inhabitants. The Governments of Canada, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Wyoming and Colorado; Valley Zoo (Edmonton, Alberta) and Calgary Zoo (Calgary, Alberta); the Universities of Calgary and Manitoba; Wildlife Reserve of Western Canada (Cochrane, Alberta); Lost River Ranch (Manyberries, Alberta); Moose Jaw Animal Park (Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan); Alberta Recreation, Parks and Wildlife Foundation and World Wildlife Fund (Canada) are working together to implement the Swift Fox Recovery Plan. The Swift Fox Conservation Society was formed in Alberta to assist and to educate the public about the species. REFERENCE: Russell, Richard H. Hinterland Who's Who - Swift Fox, Canadian Wildlife Service, Environment Canada, 1983. Male Swift Fox, Spice, on 2 July, 1989 at a weight of 705 grams. (Photo: Penelope West) 58 Zimbabwe, Africa Conservation 2000 is a club founded recently by two Zimbabwean girls, Charlie Hewat and Julie Edwards, in their aim to make people more aware of the serious threat to wildlife and its environment made by man not just in their native Zimbabwe but worldwide. In 1987 the two girls underwent a mammoth sponsored cycle ride from the United Kingdom to Zimbabwe, a distance of some 22,000 kms (approx. 10,000 miles) to raise money for the Zimbabwe National Conservation Trust. The money raised was used to buy badly needed vehicles for use by the anti-poaching patrols in the National Parks. On the ride, which took them through sixteen countries, the girls gave a series of lectures/slide shows about the ride, the work of the National Parks and highlighted the serious threat to the Black Rhino from poaching. In April/May 1990, the girls are planning to undergo another cycle ride for the rhino; this time across the United States of America. Although the itinerary is subject to change, the route will take in Philadelphia (PA), Washington, DC, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Atlanta (GA), Birmingham (AL), Memphis (TN), Dallas, Fort Worth and El Paso (TX), Phoenix (AZ), and into California via Palm Springs. People with whom the girls are currently scheduled to meet include President George Bush and film stars Jimmy Stewart and Stephanie Powers, both of whom are heavily into conservation; and the girls are also going to be making an appearance on the Johnny Carson Show. Mr. Harry Tennison of the Game Coin Organization (Ft. Worth, TX) made the invitation to Charlie and Julie to travel to the U.S. and will be organizing the U.S. side of the trip; but Conservation 2000 would be interested to hear from any zoos or wildlife institutions which are situated along their planned route (or near to it) that would be interested in having the girls present a slide lecture show about the ride, National Parks in Zimbabwe and their future plans for Conservation 2000. Conservation 2000 has just recently started their own monthly newspaper called "Conservation Now". The entire paper is devoted to animal and environmental issues from around the world. If you have an animal story, unusual animal photograph or animal jokes that you would be willing to share with us Conservation 2000 would like to hear from you with a view to possibly using them in future issues of the "Conservation Now" newspaper. Contributors on a regular basis (if used in the paper) will get a year's free membership to Conservation 2000 and receive 12 monthly issues of the newspaper. Memberships in Conservation 2000 are available at the following rates: U.S. £35.00 airmail or £10.00 surface mail; Europe £30.00 airmail or £10.00 surface mail. International money orders should be sent in sterling to: "Conservation Connections", Midland Bank, St. Peter Port, Guernsey, Channel Islands, UK. If you wish to contribute to the newspaper, have the girls give a slide show on their U.S. trip or wish to know more about Conservation 2000, please contact me: Philip Wooton, Conservation 2000, c/o Munn Publishing P/L, P.O. Box UA 460, Union Avenue, Harare, Zimbabwe. 59 Good-bye to a Longtime Friend Milwaukee's Tanga Dies By Karin Newman , Chapter Liaison Milwaukee County Zoo AAZK Chapter Milwaukee, WI In March, 1988, Dr. Bruce Beehler, Assistant Director of the Milwaukee County Zoo, represented the MCZ at a meeting to finalize the North American Species Survival Plan (SSP) for gorillas. The captive gorilla population had been gradually declining, thus making it essential to increase the reproductive rates of the gorillas already in captivity. Future plans for Milwaukee included the building of a new Great Ape facility that could eventually house two extended family groups of gorillas. The immediate plan centered around the establishment of a social group of Western Lowland Gorillas headed by Tanga, our silverback male. Tanga had been introduced to a number of females with no success, but finally it seemed as if the zoo could look forward to their first gorilla birth. The year after the SSP meeting was spent socializing Tanga with three females in their mid-twenties and a juvenile male. One year and eight months after that important gorilla SSP meeting, Tanga crawled up on his shelf in mid-afternoon and died of congestive heart failure. He was approximately 30 years old. Milwaukee's immediate hopes for their first successful reproducing group of gorillas faded with his death. Tanga came to Milwaukee on 25 April, 1960. He was wild-caught from the Cameroons and, at 17 pounds, was probably under a year old. He came with a female, Terra, who was of the same age and the two were raised together. Because of their relationship as they grew up, they never showed any interest in breeding when they matured. In 1980, reproductive specialists did a sperm check on Tanga and found that he did have good sperm motility. The MCZ obtained a female named Diane from the Los Angeles Zoo who became Tanga's companion. Tanga impregnated Diane twice, once in spring of 1983 and once in the summer of 1984. Unfortunately, Diane did not carry either fetus to term. She aborted her second fetus in July, 1984 when approximately two months pregnant and never fully recovered. Diane died on 18 July 1984 at 20 years of age from hydatid cyst disease with secondary peritonitis. Another female, Mesou, was brought from Chicago one month after Diane's death. Tanga did breed with her but because of her age and physical condition, she never conceived. In June, 1985, Femelle, a 23-year-old female from Washington D.C.'s National Zoo, came to Milwaukee on a breeding loan. Femelle and Mesou did not get along well and the zoo staff favored Femelle to stay with Tanga. Femelle and Tanga bred and in December, 1986, the zoo was about to realize their first born gorilla. Tragically, Femelle's infant was stillborn due to umbilical strangulation. The MCZ had an opportunity to increase their chance for their first successful gorilla birth when they acquired five gorillas from Wassenaar Zoo in The Netherlands. Two females, Linda and Ngajji, were in their early 20's and had both been reproductively successful. These females were brought to Milwaukee in September of 1988 to be introduced to Tanga. The other three gorillas were sent on loan to other zoos. Linda and Ngajji were first introduced to Femelle, then to Obsus (an eight-year-old juvenile male). By spring 1989 they were introduced to Tanga and, after a few skirmishes, were getting along fairly well. At 465 pounds, Tanga was definitely in charge of the group. In September 1989, Tanga developed a cough that was believed to be bronchitis. Antibiotics were administered but his health did not improve. In October he was very lethargic and the antibiotic regimen was continued. The zoo and veterinary staff did all that was possible to improve his condition, but on 20 October, 1989 Tanga succumbed to congestive heart failure. 60 Oood-bve to a Longtime Friend-Milwaukee’s Tanga Dies. Cont'd Sam LaMalfa, Area Supervisor of Primates, had cared for Tanga since the gorilla's arrival in 1960. Sam and Tanga had developed a special relationship. "We're part of their [the gorillas'] life, part of their social group even though we are not physically living within the group," Sam reported. "Tanga and I enjoyed a certain rapport. I was not just a feeder, but an individual to him. He would know who he could intimidate (gardeners, maintenance workers, other keepers) but he would rarely try anything on me. To him, I was predictable, safe. At times, Tanga would try to 'protect' me by slapping the window when I was talking to people in front of his cage. Whether that action was caused by jealousy or a wariness of strangers is unknown. But I was definitely a part of his world. And to me, he was a buddy, a friend, family." Milwaukee's silverback male, Tanga, in his outdoor enclosure in 1988. He died in October of congestive heart failure. (Photo: Mike Nepper, Milwaukee County Zoo) LaMalfa's sentiments express the feelings of many of the zoo staff and the Zoo Pride volunteers as well as the zoo's visitors. Tanga had proven to be a successful breeder and the hopes for future reproductive accomplishments rested with him. But he was also a friend, a well-recognized individual at the zoo and he was a part of our world in Milwaukee. Hopefully, the information that keepers and curators gained during his life will help the Milwaukee County Zoo to make advances in fulfilling its long-term commitment to the conservation of the gorilla. Currently, arrangements are being made to bring another silverback male to Milwaukee to complete our group. 9 61 Lion-Tailed Macaques Move to Sun Bear Forest Exhibit at San Diego Zoo From Zoological Society of San Diego News Release When Leo the lion-tailed macaque ( Macaca silenus) and his six mates scampered across the vines and branches of their new Sun Bear Forest enclosure for the first time last June, a bright new chapter opened in the saga of a most remarkable primate and the San Diego Zoo's most intense effort to save a vanishing species. With fewer than 2,000 lion-tailed macaques said to remain in southern India's Western Ghat Mountains, the black monkeys with strikingly silver "manes" and tufted tails are one of the world's most critically endangered mammals. At the San Diego Zoo, where 39 lion-tailed macaques constitute the world's largest captive colony, the prized primate is the most intimately studies species, with the Zoological Society of San Diego’s Center for Reproduction of Endangered Species (CRES) leading an international effort to preserve the macaque and to eventually return it to wild rain forest habitats. Led by CRES behaviorist Dr. Donald Lindburg, the Zoo's lion-tailed macaque program has recorded 25 births in the last decade. To gain knowledge that may lead to the macaques' return to the wild before the next decade is out, the San Diego Zoo lion-tailed macaques have had their hormone levels evaluated through daily urine samples, and their individual behaviors and group dynamics observed, tabulated and computer analyzed. The macaques here have been extensively videotaped. Their vocalizations have been recorded, sonographically charted and a "copulation call" discovered. Their nutrition has been quantified and qualified. The genetics of each individual animal has been studied to recommend mating partners. Their estrus cycles are diagramed, their semen collected and deposited in the "Frozen Zoo". Lion-tailed macaques have had sonograms and blood work-ups. Every animal is daily noted in the species 'studbook' and its future determined by a consortium called a "Special Survival Plan" (SSP). One of three San Diego macaque breeding groups-the seven animal troop led by alpha male Leo-now live in the spacious, lushly-planted enclosure in the Zoo's multi-million dollar Sun Bear Forest complex. The innovative habitat provides masses of trees and logs for climbing, rubber-coated "monkey-proof' jungle vines for swinging, and even streams and ponds for the occasional swims that these mostly-arboreal monkeys have been known to take. The other two lion-tailed macaque groups live in unique, off-exhibit facilities. The SSP for lion-tailed macaques involves San Diego and 24 other North American zoos in an effort to establish a self-sustaining, genetically divergent macaque population. With more than 250 lion-tailed macaques in the SSP, the North American program is reaching a stability stage, and animals are being exchanged with similar lion-tailed macaque programs among European and Asian zoos. Lindburg, other CRES scientists and San Diego Zoo personnel have played a major role in propelling the lion-tailed SSP to its current successful status. Before Lindburg began his work almost 10 years ago, there were many more questions than answers regarding the valuable animals. Birthrates were low, infant mortality rates were high and very little was known about the species in general. Using non-invasive research methods such as behavioral observations, routine physical exams, hormone analysis from daily urine samples and even semen evaluation, Lindburg and a plethora of CRES staff including geneticist, endocrinologists, a 62 Lion-tailed Macaques at the San Dieffo Zoo. Continued The Lion-tailed Macaque has been extensively studied by CUES scientists at San Diego. They hope the knowledge gained from these studies will allow for eventual reintroduction of these animals to their former wild habitat in India. (Photo by Ron Garrison. © Zoological Society of San Diego) reproductive physiologist and behavior specialists gained a better understanding of lion- tailed macaque management, social requirements, nutrition, reproductive systems and behaviors, and housing needs. Because of all the knowledge gained about the macaques, San Diego Zoo and other zoos have had a rise in birthrate. In one of his earliest CRES projects, Lindburg solicited zoos from around the country to send San Diego Zoo all of their non-reproducing lion-tailed macaques so the CRES team of experts could analyze their reproductive systems and behavior to determine what was wrong. A newly-built, off-exhibit Primate Research Pad provided ample space to house the rare primates. Some lion-tailed macaques were successfully introduced to new monkey troops, and they subsequently produced offspring. Others were discovered to be unable to reproduce. Through years of collecting daily urine samples and studying the hormones of females, normal reproductive cycles have been determined. If a female doesn’t have a baby even though she's of breeding age and behaviorally normal, her hormone levels can be analyzed to find out why. A birth watch has been conducted on every pregnant female since 1980, so now we know intricate details about labor signs, the average number of contractions, the actual birth and even the fact that births occur at night. Because CRES scientists have noted the characteristics of lion-tailed macaque births, problem deliveries can be anticipated if the mother-to-be exhibits unusual signs prior to giving birth (such as having more than 50 contractions during the second stage of labor or beginning labor in the middle of the day). 63 Lion-tailed Macaques at the San Diego Zoo. Continued Social structure of lion-tailed macaque troops has been defined through long-term behavioral observations. The macaques are extremely social animals and live in troops of up to 20 animals, which are mostly females, babies and juveniles led by a dominant male. Although monkeys within the troop are closely bonded to each other, they are very aggressive toward macaques from other troops. Because the macaques are xenophobic, this can cause major problems when trying to introduce a new animals to a troop to expand its genetic blood lines. However, many successful introductions have occurred at San Diego and at other zoos because of San Diego's pioneering efforts. For example, in several cases, an orphaned offspring has been adopted by a surrogate mother and then integrated into a new troop situation. A system has been developed for introduction, which allows younger, smaller macaques to escape from larger, more aggressive adult males into an adjoining enclosure through a tunnel that is only large enough for the small animal to fit through. San Diego Zoo observers have discovered that lion-tailed macaques are incredibly intelligent and manipulative. The monkeys invent games and do things cooperatively. Two macaque males might carry a long stick together, one at each end, and then break the stick into pieces to form perches. Lion-tailed macaques often prop branches against walls and climb them, essentially creating ladders. With this kind of knowledge, zoos can create better environments for their monkeys, thus stimulating more natural behavior. Changes in nutrition and even the way food is served can make a difference. Zoo behaviorists compared giving lion-tailed macaques chopped versus whole fruits and vegetables. In the past, the Zoo served chopped food because it was believed that by serving the food in smaller portions, dominant animals couldn't monopolize the favorite foods and vegetables; therefore, the food would be more equally distributed. The CRES study showed, however, that when food was offered whole, total food consumption increased, as did the average feeding time. The monkeys spent more time peeling and dividing the food into chewable portions, just as they do in the wild. In addition, the macaques ate a greater variety of foods when it was served whole, even though dominant animals did, indeed monopolize some of the preferred items. Zoo researchers recently discovered a female lion-tailed macaque "copulation call". The study kept track of the females' vocal behavior and determined that certain calls are under the control of female sex hormones and are used to solicit males for breeding. Sonographic analysis helped determine the variations of the breeding calls from other behavioral calls, which were difficult to detect by human hearing. An interesting side note to the copulation calls is that in two-thirds of the cases, the female doing the calling was focusing her attention on a male in another cage and not the dominant male of her own troop. Lindburg theorizes that perhaps this helps contribute to widening the genetics pool for macaque troops in the wild by attracting outside males, although more studies need to be done to reach a definite conclusion. The San Diego Zoo has a 66-year history of exhibiting lion-tailed macaques and in the 1970's took the initial steps in urging AAZPA to secure the future of these rare primates. The Zoo furthered its commitment to save macaques when Lindburg was hired in 1980. Lindburg participated in the first-ever international lion-tailed macaque symposium, held in 1982 at the Baltimore Zoo, which was a turning point for the macaque's future. Scientists, government officials, educators and primate specialists gathered to discuss conservation steps. The outcome was a petition to the AAZPA requesting than an SSP be developed to save the monkeys from imminent extinction. The North American SSP for lion-tailed macaques was organized in 1983 and the precious primates from all U.S. and most Canadian zoos were listed in a formal studbook. The "studbook" which is a record of all lion-tailed macaques, births, deaths, helps ensure that there is as wide a representation of various macaques in the gene pool as possible. 64 Lion-tailed Macaques at the San Dieffo Zoo. Continued Also in 1983, a colony of 15 lion-tailed macaques from the private collection of Prince Rainier of Monaco was added to the San Diego Zoo's population. That addition provided a much-needed new line of genes to the North American macaque population. A 1986 lion-tailed macaque symposium raised the prospect of reintroducing the monkeys into preserves in their native Indian rain forest habitat. Mid-summer of this year, the "Monaco macaque troop" was moved to an off-exhibit, three-quarter acre breeding corral at the Wild Animal Park to test procedures relevant to a possible reintroduction into the wild. Because of the corral’s large size, Lindburg expects that the Monaco troop will eventually take on the behavioral characteristics of a wild troop. Currently in the works are plans for a 1990 international lion-tailed macaque symposium, tentatively set for San Diego, that will address a whole new set of issues that comes with the success of the North American SSP. And, with the knowledge that comes with our SSP, similar lion-tailed macaque management plans are being organized in Europe and Japan. Reproduction has been one of the areas of concentration in the CRES study. Hormonal testing has helped to determine which animals are reproductively sound and in some cases changing the animal's social group has led to successful reproduction. (Photo by Ron Garrison. © Zoological Society of San Diego) 65 Reflections on Rhum Part I sy Robert Berghaier , Senior Keeper Philadelphia Zoological Society Philadelphia, PA During the spring of 1985 I had the opportunity to participate in an Earth watch project on the Scottish island of Rhum. This project involved the study of Manx Shearwaters, a pelagic bird. Since my interest lies primarily with mammals, my choice of this post might seem unusual. I freely admit that before I reached Rhum, I had little interest in shearwaters. The Isle of Rhum itself was a different story. Rhum is considered by many to be the finest nature reserve in the United Kingdom. Being an island, it is isolated and, at 64 square miles, large enough to have a wilderness feel to it. Rhum also has a diverse bird population of nearly 200 species, seals and otters living along its shores, feral herds of goats, highland cattle, and ponies, and the best studied herd of red deer in the world. The red deer of Rhum have been the subject of one of the longest and most important studies in behavioral biology. The Red Deer project has produced fascinating data on the reproductive strategies of male (stags) and female (hinds) deer. The Rhum researchers were not surprised by the fact the strongest stags were the most successful in fights and therefore produced the most offspring. It was, however, a surprise when it was found that the most prolific female deer shared their territories with closely related hinds. What appears to be happening is that successful females hold territories that contain nutritious grazing. The winters on Rhum are very harsh. Calves raised on milk from hinds that hold good territories gain weight more rapidly and therefore have a better opportunity to survive the winter. Male calves from dominant females leave their mother's territory after one year of age. They do not return until they are established breeding males. Most female calves of dominant females stay within their mother's home range. They too have a high calf survival rate, and their females calves in turn stay within the home range. The Rhum study data seems to show that kin selection occurs in female red deer with females willing to share territories and resources with closely related animals. This study has important implications for the controversial field of social biology. The Rhum deer project results show strong support for sociobiological theory and is often cited in its defense. As a result I did not want to pass up the opportunity to spend an extended stay on the island. I did not however expect to find shearwaters to be such fascinating birds. The Manx shearwater is a pelagic bird of slender build, 14 inches in length. It has long narrow wings and a short tail which assists it in gliding over the ocean searching for small fish and eels to eat. Its upper parts are sooty-black color while its under parts are white. You can quickly identify flocks of shearwaters at sea by the alternate flashes of their black and white coloration produced by the birds turning together. The effect reminded me of college football crowds in grandstands, who in unison turn place cards, producing messages or their university's symbol. Spying a flock of shearwaters over the ocean you see black at first, then white, then black again. I never grew tired of watching them. A shearwater spends much of its life at sea except for breeding and rearing its young. It is then they return to land and excavate a burrow. The most successful colonies are found on islands with soft soil and few ground predators. Rhum meets both of these conditions. Shearwaters form breeding pairs. After their one egg is laid, the two take turns incubating the egg and fishing for food. They sometimes have to travel long distances to find fish. One shearwater was recorded to have undertaken a 1200 mile round trip journey while feeding a chick. After the chicks fledge, the shearwaters in the North Atlantic spend the winter feeding off the east coast of South America. At a quarter of a million, Rhum was 66 Reflections on Rhum. Part 1. Continued considered to have the largest colony of shearwaters in the world. However that population estimate was done in the 50's by an aerial survey followed up by a ground count using a small sample. Our Earthwatch group was the first of a series of teams being sent to determine the present population and to monitor future population trends of the birds. To get to Rhum, you first have to get to the Port of Mallaig on the west coast of Scotland. The best route, and the one I took, involves taking a night train from London to Glasgow. At Glasgow you transfer on the Western line going through Fort William until you reach the last stop, Mallaig. Mallaig is a rather bleak looking fishing port. If you saw the movie "Local Hero" you know what Mallaig looks like, since much of the movie was filmed there. From Mallaig, one has to catch the morning ferry to one's final destination, Rhum. Our team rendezvous was on the ferry dock where we introduced ourselves. One of the benefits of doing an Earthwatch project is getting to work closely with, and thereby getting to know, your fellow participants. On both of the projects I have undertaken I had pleasant and interesting companions. Our group of five consisted of Daphne, an Environmental Protection Agency administrator, who had some great stories about working with her ex-boss Ann Buford; Lynn, a social worker and working mom; Priscilla, who while the oldest at 55 was by far the best hiker; a fellow keeper, Gary Horn, from the Brookfield Zoo; and me. The principle investigator was Dr. Robert Furness from the University of Glasgow, one of the foremost seabird biologists in the world. Dr. Furness' involvement in this project was due to his interest in the population trends of sea birds in the British Isles. He theorizes that the expanded British fishing industry in the post-WW II years has helped increase sea bird numbers. This change was caused by the heavy industry pressure on large predatory fish such as cod. As cod stocks decreased, sand eels, which are their major prey, increased. Sand eels in turn are the preferred prey of British sea birds and, as a result, these bird's populations rose significantly. Now, unfortunately, the British fishing industry is turning to sand eels. The catch is converted to livestock feed and is primarily used for poultry. Bob feels that as a result sea bird populations will seriously decline. So it seems that the future of sea birds in Britain may ultimately be tied to chickens. Setting up a method of monitoring shearwater populations on Rhum, the bird's largest nesting colony and heaviest users of sand eels, would allow him to see if his theories are correct. He also hopes to sound the alarm to the government if bird populations drop as dramatically as he fears. Before we left Mallaig we saw a grey seal in the harbor. On the ferry ride to Rhum we spotted eider ducks, kittiwakes, guillemots, shags, gulls, and a several small flocks of shearwaters. Dr. Furness pointed our Rhum and asked us what we thought of the very rugged looking peaks in the south of the island. This corner of the island has five mountains, the shattered remains of volcanoes sixty million years old. The highest, Askival, is over 2600 feet above the beaches of Rhum. We found out that most of our work would take place on those peaks. Well, the expedition briefing did state that you would have to be physically fit to participate. I guess I was lulled into disbelief of possible hardship because of our living accommodations. Field projects are often known for primitive housing conditions. My first, in Peru, had us living under an open-sided thatched shelter in the middle of the jungle. On Rhum. however, we would live in Kinloch Castle. The castle, built at the turn of the century, was one of the first houses in Europe to have electricity and central heating. The front of the castle was decked out in Edwardian splendor. The main hall had trophy heads of stags shot on the island. The castle had a game room, sitting parlors, library, and a grand dining room. Our group stayed in the back of the castle's servants quarters, now used as a hostel. We were allowed the use of the front of the castle when higher paying guests were not present. During our stay hardly any "proper guests" were in residence so we had free run of the place. The game room had a billard table, and Dr. Furness tried his best to teach us 'Yanks’ that magnificent British pool game, snooker. Our meals were provided for us and we took turns washing dishes. It was a very pleasant stay. Since the hostel is used by most visitors to Rhum we got to meet lots of great Scottish folks. The Scots are a friendly people and fond of Americans. One evening we were invited by the 67 Reflections on Rhum. Part 1. Continued Rhum reserve staff to a Ceilidh, an evening of dancing to traditional Scottish melodies, and of course, with the Scots, lots of drinking. Most scientists doing research on Rhum also stay at the hostel. Those we met during our stay included two geologists who were studying the volcanic history of the island, and a geneticist who was studying the gene flow in Rhum's introduced rats. Their presence provided some excellent dinner conversation. While we were on the island, an archaeological team was excavating a suspected Neolithic tool making site. We also got to meet some of the red deer researchers including Fiona Guiness. Ms. Guiness is one of the original pioneers of the deer project. She is one of the heirs of the Guiness brewery fortune and could be considered a bit of an eccentric. She spends nearly all of her time on Rhum living in a small cottage in Kilmory Glen, the site of the best deer calving grounds. Our team also got to work directly with Kate Thompson, a graduate student who was studying shearwater fledgling success. Bernie Zonfrillo later joined the project at the invitation of Dr. Furness. Bernie, a surveyor by trade, is a well respected amateur British ornithologist. His knowledge and dry wit added much to our expedition. As I mentioned before, the Rhum reserve staff made us feel welcome. Perhaps the person that I found the most inspiring was Laughton Johnson, the chief conservator of Rhum. Even though Rhum is considered to be a showcase of British nature conservation it is also a badly damaged ecosystem. Originally Rhum was covered by forest. This was burnt off and cut down by the resident crofters (fishermen/farmers) who settled on the island. The introduction of sheep in the last century was the final end of Rhum's woodlands. Between the grazing of the sheep, and the burning done to improve that grazing, the forest of Rhum became a moor of heather and tussock grass. With the drop in plant diversity the numbers of other forms of life declined. The replacement of sheep with red deer did not change the situation. Shortly after the Nature Conservancy was given the island, plans were made to start a rehabilitation project. Its ultimate purpose was to restore as many of the original plants and animals found on Rhum as possible. The area around the castle was fenced off from deer and a forest was planted. Laughton has expanded these exclusion plots to other places on the island. These areas have been planted with some of Rhum's original vegetation which managed to survive on the face of cliffs and the side of steep ravines. Other plants were brought from the mainland. As the restored forest continues to grow, the diversity of birds and insects does also. Laughton has plans to introduce roe deer to help browse and thereby stimulate growth in the replanted areas. He feels that the red deer are too unselective a browser to be used in this capacity. He would also like one day to bring mountain hare to the island to provide prey for large breeding raptors. Rhum is the most ambitious ecological restoration project in the British Isles. Much of Laughton's work is of the pioneer variety and the methods that prove successful on Rhum can be used to restore other areas of Scotland. The complete restoration of Rhum will not be completed until long after Laughton Johnson is gone. In that, however, lies the real essence of conservation, working to preserve a species or ecosystem today so that future generations may one day experience their existence. The fact that you may never see the results is immaterial. To Be Continued. 68 Gorilla. Struggle for Survival in the Virunsas Photographs by Michael Nichols Essay by George B. Schaller Aperture Foundation, 1989 20 East 23rd Street, New York, NY 10010 112 pages Hardback $29.95 Review by Melba T. Brown Elephant Keeper National Zoological Park Washington, DC Gorilla is a profound piece of work. Through the vivid and often spectacular photographs by Michael Nichols and an essay by the renowned zoologist, George B. Schaller, the reader is swept into the beautiful yet tragic world of the mountain gorilla, Gorilla gorilla beringei. Mr. Nichols' pictures along with descriptive captions evoke a wide range of emotions. Often, they are simply breathtaking as in "Moonlight and shooting stars over the crater at Mt. Visoke's summit..."; sometimes, they are humorous as in "The riotous offspring of Ziz..."; they are devastating as in "Pandora's deformed hand..."; they are powerful as in "Mrithi cracking bamboo..."; and, perhaps most importantly, they are promising as in "Four-month-old Ugenda...". Mr. Nichols gives us a compelling glimpse of the culture. He shows us how the people are becoming educated about the plight of the gorillas. The reader is left with a sense that progress is being made in the conservation of these endangered primates. Yet, far too much still needs to be done. In his accompanying essay, George Schaller gives a concise historical account of the gorillas and their encounters with mankind. He writes of his early experiences with these animals as well as those of Paul du Chaillu, Carl Akeley, Dian Fossey and others. At the end of the book, there is a chronology of significant events concerning gorillas. Also, there are several organizations which are listed that are active in mountain gorilla conservation. This book is of the utmost quality. Anyone who has marveled at gorillas or has a passing interest in them must read and see this book. After having seen it, one would undoubtedly appreciate gorillas more fully and want to protect them more aggressively. 69 Chapter News Greater Baltimore Chapter This past year has been a busy one for the Greater Baltimore Chapter of AAZK. The Chapter was established in 1989, encompassing members from the Baltimore Zoo and the National Aquarium at Baltimore. We also designed our Chapter logo which will be printed on all Chapter correspondence. This year was mostly one of getting ourselves organized, and deciding on what projects we should focus on. Our first project was recycling which we put into effect immediately. It made quite an impact when it helped us realize what we were able to recycle just among ourselves and other keepers. Two other projects we have been working on will be put into effect in 1990. We have several parking meters that were refurbished and donated by the City of Baltimore. We will be designing the graphics, and have them installed permanently around the zoo. Each meter will be for a specific project, and we have selected five to begin with - Bali Mynahs, Chesapeake Bay Foundation, Lion-Tailed Macaques, Delmarva Fox Squirrels and Rhinos. Each meter will be placed near an exhibit that ties in with the project, and hopefully will raise the awareness of the visitors, as well as raise money! Another project we are working on ties in with a Maryland tradition - the Preakness. Since no glass bottles are allowed on the grounds, after the race the infield is littered with aluminum cans. Our President, Rosemary Jalink inquired about what was done with the aluminum, and the possibility of our Chapter collecting it. The offer from the Preakness management was that we were to come to the track the day after the race, and bag all of the trash on the infield. We could keep all of the aluminum and they will pay us $2,500 for the work. We are cooperating with the volunteer coordinators of the Baltimore Zoo, the Aquarium, and the National Zoo to recruit volunteers to help. The support has been overwhelming. We plan on using the money raised to purchase rain forest land. The final objective of our Chapter this past year was to schedule a speaking engagement with Andy Lodge. We have the talk scheduled for 3 February 1990, and we are holding a 50/50 raffle to raise money for the Rhinos. We want to thank everyone who has been so helpful in getting our Chapter off the ground in '89. -Chris Bartos, Secretary St. LQpig Chapter AAZK On Sunday, 1 October, the St. Louis Chapter of AAZK raised over $250 by holding a rummage sale at Soulard Farmers market. Zoo staff, friends and relatives appreciated a chance to clean out their closets. We have had a lot of success and support with this type of fundraiser and always appreciate a chance to pick over the donations first. Special thanks go to Ann, Joe, Betsy, Colleen, Louise, Frank, and Martha and everyone else who donated time and items. Our monthly calendar has proven successful in getting the word out about our monthly meetings and lectures. Membership and participation has increased. Thanks to Rick, Betsy, and all our new members. Our September lecture, "Trees and Shrubs of the St. Louis Zoo", presented by horticulturists Jim Walling and Ted Hornbeck, was a fascinating presentation and lively discussion. In October, Rick Smith, V.P. and Chapter Liaison, presented a discussion on the changes in AAZK regional and liaison policies. Rick also reviewed the National AAZK Conference in Syracuse which he attended between Dead concerts. George Winkler, Zoo entomologist, gave a fascinating lecture-discussion on our collection of arthropods and their management in The Living World, the Zoo's newest building. As part of our efforts to increase keeper professionalism, the St. Louis Chapter provided partial support to Jeff Ettling, 70 Chapter News. Continued reptile keeper, to attend the symposium on the Biology of Pit Vipers at the University of Texas, Arlington. Jeff gave a poster presentation titled "Recent cases of color aberrancy and hybridization in New World Agkistrodon ". He gave a summary of his presentation at our lecture in December. Currently Jeff is working on a Masters thesis involving systematics of midwestern populations of copperheads. We moved our winter benefit concert to the spring to make way for "Bowling for Rhinos" this month at Tropicana lanes. We are also experimenting with alternating noon monthly meetings with evening pot-luck meetings off Zoo grounds involving good food and more time to chat and get down to business. Rick Smith, Chapter Liaison Riverside Chapter AAZK (Scottsbluff, NE) On 1 December 1989, the staff of the Riverside Zoo formed the Riverside Chapter of the AAZK to aid in the continuing growth of our zoo and to support conservation causes. On 2 December we kicked off our first fundraising effort with Zoo Bowl '89. We scraped together the staff and a few friends (10 bowlers in all) to raise almost $650.00. The majority of the proceeds will be used to help fund our new Raccoon Exhibit. We also purchased a blender for the Nursery and a food processor for the Commissary Building, and sent "Christmas presents" to both ISEC and the Isle Roy ale Wolf-Moose Studies. Next in the plans is a recycling project with the local elementary schools. We are going to hold a contest at a "trial" school to see which class can bring in the most aluminum cans. If all goes well we will take it to the rest of the area schools. The Zoo Society has also given us control of the pop machine and we have seen $100.00 in profit so far. All in all we have had a pretty busy month and hope to continue keeping busy. Further proceeds are slated for continuing in-house construction of new exhibits and a Keeper Expense Fund to help contining education of the staff. -Pete Riger, Chapter Liaison San Diego AAZK Chapter On 17 January, the San Diego Chapter hosted Jeff Zuba, a veterinary resident as their guest speaker. Jeff spoke on "The Plight of the Wolves in Isle Royale: A Study of the Population Decline". The social portion of the meeting included beverages and Mexican appetizers brought to the meeting by Chapter members. -Chapter Flyer Tuqsqh AAZK Chapter The Tucson Chapter/AAZK has been busy (like every other chapter) getting ready for Bowling for Rhinos. Tucson's group will be bowling at the local lanes on the 24th of February. The Chapter held a "Swap Meet" in November that raised $250.00 (Our dinner of barbequed chicken for the workers got better reviews than the junk we sold). The Chapter also voted on a revised design of our original logo, the hummingbird. The logo will soon appear on our stationary and advertisements. The logo was designed by commercial artist Dale Choan. The "Little Chapter That Could" never seems to get enough. We are now developing a marketing strategy that hopefully will increase the professional membership of AAZK. The Tucson Chapter/AAZK would like to extend our deepest sympathies to the family and friends of Jean Hromadka. She was a very dedicated and professional keeper as well as a good friend. We will truly miss, but never forget her. -Gale London, Chapter Liaison 9 71 CHAPTER AND REGIONAL AFFAIRS COMMITTEE Director of Chapter and Regional Affairs Committee - Bill Whittaker, Toledo Zoo, 2700 Broadway, Toledo, OH 43609. (419) 385-5721 Ext. 251. Home address: 10740 Obee Rd., Whitehouse, OH 43571. (419) 877-0681 {h}. Assist. Directors- Colleen Kinzley (west) (312) 485- 0263 Ext. 489 [w]; {312} 442-5872 [h] and Nancy Pintavalli (east) {614} 645-3400 [w]; {614} 766-' 6475 [h]. REGIONAL, C.OQHDINATQI^S Elandra Aum, Woodland Park Zoo, 5500 Phinney Ave. N., Seattle, WA 98103 (206) 684-4880 [w] for the States of WA, OR (North Pacific Coast) Todd Cecil, San Francisco Zoo, Sloat Blvd. @ the Pacific Ocean, San Francisco, CA 94132 for Northern California and Northern Nevada [South Pacific Coast} Celeste Northrop, San Diego Zoo, P.O. Box 551, SanDiego, CA 92112 for Southern California and Southern Nevada [South Pacific Coast] VACANCY for the States of ID, MT, WY (North Mountain) John Turner, Denver Zoo, 23rd St. & Steele, City Park, Denver, CO 80205 for the States of UT & CO, (South Mountain) Ed Hansen, Reid Park Zoo, 1100 S. Randolph Way, Tucson, AZ 85716 for the States of AZ & NM [South Mountain] Carla Wieser, Omaha's Henry Doorly Zoo, 10th St. & Deer Park Blvd., Omaha, NE 68107 for the states of NE & LA (North Plains) Wendy Davis, Lake Superior Zoo, 7210 Fremont St., Duluth, MN 55807 for the States of MN & IA (North Plains) Steve Tigges, Tulsa Zoological Park, 5701 E. 36th St. North, Tulsa, OK 74115 for the States of KS, OK, MO, AR (Central Plains) Debbie Jackson, Little Rock Zoological Gardens, #1 Jonesboro Dr., Little Rock, AR 72205 for the State of AR (Central Plains) Rick Smith, ( St. Louis Zoo), 6316 Washington Ave., University City, MO 63130 (mailing address) for the State of MO (Central Plains) Joanna Ameson, Lee Richardson Zoo, P.O. Box 499, Garden City, KS 67846 for the State of KS (Central Plains) Ann Marie Greco, San Antonio Zoo, 3903 N. St. Mary's St., San Antonio, TX 78212 for the States of TX and LA (South Plains) Joe Rindler, Columbus Zoo, 9990 Riverside Dr., Box 400, Columbus, OH 43065 for the States of OH and KY {Great Lakes Region) Colleen Kinzley, Brookfield Zoo, 3300 Golf Road, Brookfield, IL 60513 {312} 485-0263 Ext. 489 [w] for the States of IL and WI (Great Lakes Region) {312} 442-5872 [h] Lee Williams, Detroit Zoo, P.O. Box 39, Royal Oak, MI 48068 for the States of MI and IN (Great Lakes Region) Alan Baker, Burnet Park Zoo, 500 Burnet Park Dr., Syracuse, NY 13204 AND Mark Hofling, Bronx Zoo, 185th St. & Southern Blvd., Bronx, NY 10460 (212) 220-7115 {w} (212) 543-2753 {h} AND Jeannette Nadeau, Roger Williams Park Zoo, Elmwood Ave., Providence, RI 02905 for the States of ME, NY, VT, NH, MA, CT, and RI (North Atlantic Coast) Jon Brangan, Virginia Zoological Park, 3500 Granby St., Norfolk, VA 23504 {804} 441-2374 [w] {804} 625-0272 [h] AND Rosemary Jalink, National Aquarium in Baltimore, , 501 E. Pratt St., Baltimore, MD 21202 for the States of PA, NJ, DE, MD, VA. WVA & DC (Mid-Atlantic Coast) Michelle Herman, Jackson Zoological Park, 2918 W. Capitol St., Jackson, MS 39209 for the States of TN and MS (South Atlantic Coast) Fred Alvey, Zoo Atlanta, 800 Cherokee Ave. S.E., Atlanta, GA 30315 for the States of GA and AL (South Atlantic Coast) VACANCY for the States of NC and SC (South Atlantic Coast) Betty Grogan, Jacksonville Zoological Park, P.O. Box 26767, Jacksonville, FL 332218 AND Tami Ryf, Dreher Park Zoo, 1301 Summit Blvd., West Palm Beach, FL 33405 AND Mary Mure, Metrozoo, 12400 S.W. 152nd St., Miami, FL 33177 for the State of Florida VACANCY for the State of Alaska Dan Vitiello, Honolulu AAZK Chapter, Honolulu Zoo, 151 Kapahulu Ave., Honolulu, HI 96815 for the State of Hawaii Terry Male, Metro Toronto Zoo, Box 280, West Hill, Ontario, Canada MlE 4R5 for the Province of Ontario, Canada Bob Debets, Assiniboine Park Zoo, 2355 Corydon Ave., Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3P OR5 for the Provinces of Manitoba and Saskatchewan, Canada & {204] 837-1635 [h] States of ND and SD Dean Treichel, Valley Zoo, Box 3259, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T5J 2R7 for the Provinces of Alberta and British Columbia, Canada(403) 483-5525 [w] Chantal Routhier, Granby Zoo, 347 Rue Bourget, Granby, Quebec, Canada J2G 1E8 for the Province of Quebec ^ Limited Number of 1989 Conference Proceedings Available for Sale If you have not already ordered your copy of the Proceedings from the 1989 AAZK National Conference held inSyracuse, NY, there are a limited number of copies available following the pre-order mailing. These will be sold on a first come, first served basis. To order, fill out the form below and return to AAZK Administrative Offices, 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606. Cost is $7.00 for AAZK members, $12.00 for non-members. Orders outside the U.S. and Canada should add $3.00 extra per copy for postage costs. Papers published in the 1989 Proceedings include: The Animal Data Transfer Form • Update: Zoo Infant Development Project • Gummivory: It's Significance and Potential Use in Captive Wildlife • Techniques Used in the Hand-Rearing and Subsequent Reintroduction to Her Mother of a Lowland Gorilla • Hand-Rearing, Growth and Development of Fisher • Zoo Atlanta's Search for the Red Ape • Management and Breeding of the Southern White Rhinoceros • Quarantine and Acclimatization of Bee-Eaters at the San Diego Zoo • Bull Asian Elephant Facility at Dickerson Park Zoo • Hand-Raising Scarlet Ibis • Neonatal Growth Weights in Guenther's Dik Dik • The Making of a Zoo-The Newark Mini Zoo • Research in Natural Habitat Enclosures at the Duke University Primate Center • Introduction of a Male Colobus to an Existing all-Male Group • Behavior and Management of Small Deer at the San Diego Zoo • Waste Reduction Program at Metropolitan Toronto Zoo • The Use of Ultrasound in Managing a Breeding Colony of Galago • Keeper Personality Survey • A Tropical Renaissance: It's All in a Day's Work • Husbandry Notebooks and Unit Procedures • Rain Forest Husbandry at the National Aquarium in Baltimore • Brookfield Zoo Intern Program • Developing Educational Shows with Available Animals and Staff • M.A.Z.E. -Magnet Assisted Zoo Education • and The Creation and Operation of a Native Hummingbird Exhibit. Also included in the Proceedings are An Overview of the 1989 Meeting of the AAZK Board of Directors • A Synopsis of the Australasian RAP Session • and the handout materials from a workshop on "A Simple Method for Primate Cycle Evaluations". 1989 Conference Proceedings Order Form I wish to order copy (ies) AAZK Member Non-Member ($7.00 each) ($12.00 each) Orders outside U.S. and Canada add $3.00 per copy for postage. TOTAL ENCLOSED $ Name: _ Address: State/Province: Phone: _____ City: Zip/Postal Code: AAZK Diet Notebook Mammals, Volume 1 (gMQDUHE P®HMI The AAZK Diet Notebook, Mammals - - Volume 1 contains approximately 325 diets representing 213 species and subspecies from fourteen participating institutions. The diets are arranged by taxonomic order using ISIS numbers in a durable and attractive three- ring binder. Each Diet Response Form included in Volume 1 contains the following information: common name, scientific name, ISIS number, the contributing individual, their institution and its address, how long the diet has been used, whether the animals have bred while on the diet, the diet ingredients, instructions for preparation, notes and remarks, special considerations and nutritional analysis (if available). The Diet Notebook is a copyrighted publication of the American Association of Zoo Keepers, Inc., and may be ordered by tilling out the following form and sending it, along with a check or money order (U.S. FUNDS ONLY) made payable to "AAZK Diet Notebook" to: Diet Notebook Order, AAZK, 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606 U.S.A. Cost of the Diet Notebook is as follows: 1) AAZK Members $40.00; 2) Non-members $55.00; 3) Institutions $70.00. These prices represent prepaid order prices and include postage for the U.S. and Canada. Those placing orders from overseas should contact AAZK Administrative Offices, 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606 for additional postage charges. Please allow 4-6 weeks for delivery. oV- oV- 05 g* C$ g 05ftO & 05 O 05 0 fi ty H» So ps* s March 1990 i nimal veepers' :orum ANIMAL KEEPERS' FORUM . 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606 Editor-in-Chief: Susan Chan March 1990 Assistant Editor: Alice Miser Volume Seventeen Assistant Editor: Ron Ringer Number Three Animal Keepers' Forum (ISSN 0164-9531) is a monthly journal of the American Association of Zoo Keepers, Inc., 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606. Five dollars of each membership fee goes toward the annual publication costs of Animal Keepers' Forum . Second Class postage paid at Topeka, KS. Postmaster: Please send address changes to: American Association of Zoo Keepers, Inc. Administrative Offices, 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606 Barbara Manspeaker, Administrative Secretary BOARD. OF DIRECTORS Oliver Claffey, Metro Toronto Zoo, Toronto, Ontario, Canada President Bob Debets, Assiniboine Park Zoo, Winnipeg, Manitoba Canada Vice President Frank B. Kohn, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC 20008 Janet McCoy, Washington Park Zoo, Portland, OR 97221 Ed Hansen, Reid Park Zoo, Tucson, AZ 85716 COMMITTEE CHAIRPERSONS--.-. PROJECT HEADS Conference Book Committee Tim Kelly, Assiniboine Park Zoo Awards Committee Jan McCoy, Washington Park Zoo Book Review Coordinator Rick Emmer, Cleveland Metroparks Zoo Staff Exchange Cynthia Simpson, Brookfield Zoo AAZK History Committee Art Goodrich, San Diego Zoo International Affairs Coordinators - Animal Data Transfer Form Bemie Feldman, Burnet Park Zoo AAZK Liaison to AAZPA/IZE Kerry Hoffman, Reid Park Zoo Kc-CPfi-Accommodations . List Heidi Manicki, Metro Toronto Zoo An Approach, .to . Zookeeping Pat Sammarco, Santa Fe Teaching Zoo Zoo Infant Development Project Harmony Frazier-Taylor, Woodland Park Zoo AAZK Manual of Resources Elandra Aum, Woodland Park Zoo Exhibit Design Form Mark de Denus, Assiniboine Park Zoo Public Relations-Liaisou Tim Kurkowski, Zoo Atlanta Keeper-Training & Education (includes Library Resources, Reference Search, Program Library, and Keeper Training Materials) L.R/R.S. - Marilyn Cole, Metro Toronto K.T.M- Rosemary Jalink, Nat'l Aquarium Research/Grants Committee VACANT Public-Education. .Committee Ellen Bradfield, Zoo Atlanta Mona Keith, Calgary Zoo (east) and Pam McDougall, Calgary Zoo (west) Membership Directory Administrative Office Staff Diet Notebook Susan Bunn Spencer, Minnesota Zoo Biological -Yalues/Gestation Toni Danzig, Greater S. F. Bay Area Chapter Legislative— Advisor John Stoddard, Brookfield Zoo Bv-Laws Review Marilyn Cole, Metro Toronto Zoo Zoo/Universitv List Mike Illig, Washington Park Zoo Nominations & Elections David Luce, Fresno Zoo Zoonotic Diseases ..Notebook Bruce Clark, Toledo Zoo Keeper Training Videotape Marilyn Cole, Metro Toronto Zoo/Production Coordinator Jean Ragland-McMahan, Woodland Park Zoo/ Distribution Coordinator Director Of Chapter and Regional Affairs Committee Bill Whittaker, Toledo Zoological Gardens, Toledo, OH Assistant CRAC Directors Colleen Kinzley, Brookfield Zoo and Nancy Pintavalli, Columbus Zoo Individual Regional Coordinators and the states they oversee are listed elsewhere in each issue of AKF. This month's cover art is of a Wart Hog (Phacocheorus aethiopicus) drawn by Dave Ackerman, a herbivore I carnivore keeper at the Columbus Zoo, Powell, OH. A member of the even-toed ungulates (Artiodactyla) , the Wart Hog forages diurnally in most of Africa south of the Sahara. They have masses of dense tissue called "warts" to protect the jaws and eyes from another's tusks. A kneeling behavior is present in newborn nursing piglets and embryos even have callosities on the forelegs! Wart hog burrows are dug to depths to allow protection against cool temperatures and predators with wet grass often added to provide higher humidity. Warm temperature is important because they lack fur and subcutaneous fat. Gestation ranges from 171-175 days with an average of 2-3 young born although up to 8 young have been recorded. They graze on grass, bark, roots, berries and carrion An excellent sense of hearing and smell make up for poor eyesight in this species. Thanks, Dave! Scoops and Scuttlebutt Two of AAZK's Founding Members Retire at San Diego On 31 December Animal Care Manager Dick Sweeney and Senior Keeper Dennis Melvin retired from the San Diego Zoo. Both were among the original founding members of the American Association of Zoo Keepers at the San Diego Zoo in 1967. AAZK wishes to express their thanks to Dick and Dennis for all their efforts in getting AAZK started, and for their continuing support through the years. We wish them both much happiness in their retirement. New Chair Named fpr.AAZK CQmmi.tte- Susan M. Barnard, Senior Reptile Keeper at Zoo Atlanta and former AAZK Board member, has been named the new chairperson of the AAZK Research/Grants Committee. AAZK offers two $500 grants annually for keeper-initiated research projects. To obtain grant guidelines and application forms, contact Susan at Zoo Atlanta, 800 Cherokee Ave. S.E., Atlanta, GA 30315. Second Edition of Handbook of Zoonotic Diseases Now Available The Second Edition of the AAZK Handbook of Zoonotic Diseases, edited by Bruce Clark, Toledo Zoo, is now available from Administrative Offices. This 40-page reference work contains listings of the 200+ animal-related transmissible diseases including information on ethiologic agents, means of transmission to man, global distribution, alternate or intermediate hosts, human incubation and human symptoms. The work also contains the AAZV Guidelines for Preventative Control, a section on Disinfection and Hygiene as well as a Glossary of Terms and a Bibliography. This edition has been formatted in AKF size and the zoonotic disease listings are in an easily readable text form rather than in the more difficult to use chart form which appeared in the First Edition. Prices for this handbook are as follows: Professional AAZK Member - $5.00; All other AAZK membership categories - $6.50; Non-Members - $8.50. Prices include postage and handling within North America. Orders outside the U.S. and Canada must add $3.00 per book for overseas postage. Checks or money orders should be made payable to "AAZK" in U.S. FUNDS ONLY. Please allow 3-4 weeks for delivery. An order form will appear in the April 1990 issue of AKF. AAZK wishes to express its sincere appreciation to Bruce Clark for his many hours of exhaustive research which allowed this work to become a reality. 77 Scoops & Scuttlebutt. Continued Zqq Atlanta t q Host Natipn^i Workshop pn B^havigml Research Zoo Atlanta will host this year's national workshop on "Applying Behavioral Research to Zoo Animal Management" from 2-9 June in Atlanta, GA. Participants will learn how to develop and participate in behavioral research projects and apply the results to specific management problems. This year's workshop will include topics and projects in mammalian, reptilian and avian behavior. Dr. David Chiszar of the University of Colorado will give the keynote lecture. Many additional activities are planned as well, including an ice-breaker and a field trip. Enrollment is limited to 40 participants. Registration fee for the workshop is $150.00 if paid by 1 May, 1990. After 1 May, the registration fee is $175.00. Priority will be given to zoo staff from AAZPA accredited institutions. For further information and a registration form, contact: Dr. Terry Maple, Director, Zoo Atlanta, 800 Cherokee Ave. S.E., Atlanta, GA 30315. Subscriptions fa (forilk .Gazette. Ayaikbk From its inception in 1987, the purpose of Gorilla Gazette has been to provide a networking system among gorilla keepers. All costs have been willingly absorbed by the Columbus Zoo. Since that time, requests have been received from numerous individuals and institutions to be added to the mailing list. While these requests have been honored, the volume has grown to the point where it is now appropriate to institute a subscription fee. Consistent with the commitment of the Columbus Zoo Great Ape staff to facilitate keeper communication, all institutions housing gorillas will continue to receive at least one complimentary copy of Gorilla Gazette. Individuals/institutions connected with Gorilla SSP and Studbook or otherwise directly associated with the welfare of gorillas will also receive courtesy copies. For others interested, the subscription rate for Gorilla Gazette is $10.00 for the calendar year of 1990. Individuals beginning subscriptions will receive appropriate back issues from 1990 plus the new issues for the remainder of the year. To order, send name and full mailing address along with a check or money order made out to "Columbus Zoo" to: Gorilla Gazette, Columbus Zoo, P.O. Box 400, Powell, OH 43065-0400. Ngare Sergoi Rhino Pins Available Valerie Haft (keeper at the Louisville Zoo) and Linda Morgan (a psychiatric nurse & AAZK member) have designed a pin with a black rhino on it with the proceeds going to the Ngare Sergoi Rhino Sanctuary in Kenya. The background is brightly colored in purple and yellow. The pins come on a card that contains information on Ngare Sergoi and the plight of the black rhino with the information on who one may contact for further information. The pins cost $12.00 each with all proceeds going to Ngare Sergoi. They may be ordered through the Louisville Chapter of AAZK, 1100 Trevillian Way, P.O. Box 37250, Louisville, KY 40233. Be sure to include name and complete mailing address when ordering. Make checks payable to "Louisville Chapter AAZK". U.S. Funds ONLY Please. 78 Coming Events National Wildlife Rehabilitators Association March 21-25, 1990 Ithaca, NY To be held at Cornell University, the Symposium's featured topics will be Toxins in the Environment and Oil Spills. Workshops will be held for acquisition of specific skills, including diagnosis and treatment, care and management, public education, catastrophic strategic planning. Workshops and lectures to include basic and advanced rehabilitation techniques, veterinary procedures, educational and management needs. For further information contact: Nancy Dabney, NWRA Announcement Chair, 2125 Wrens Way, Clearwater, FL 34624. Arizona Wolf Symposium '90 March 23-24, 1990 Phoenix, A Z Co-sponsored by P.A.Ws. (Preserve Arizona's Wolves) and the Arizona chapter of the Wildlife Society, the symposium will be held at Arizona state University. The symposium will explore a wide variety of topics about wolves including status in captivity, range management, education and recovery programs for the Red Wolf, Rocky Mountain Wolf and the Mexican Wolf. To receive an information/registration packet, please write or call: Terri Volk, 6236 S. 10th St, Phoenix, AZ 85040 (602) 276-2849. 199Q AAZPA Regional Conferences Western Regional - 25-27 March - For more information, contact Kim Parker, Sacraamento Zoo, 3930 West Land Park Dr., Sacramento, CA 95822 (916) 449-5166. Southern Regional - 8-10 April - for moie information, contact Mary Leverette, Riverbanks Zoological Park, P.O. Box 1060, Columbia, SC 29202 (803) 779-8717. Northeastern Regional - 29 April - 1 May -for more information, contact Gretchen Ellsworth, National Zoological Park, 3000 Block of Connecticut Ave., N.W., Washington, DC 20008 (202) 673-4666. Great Lakes Regional - 6-8 May - for more information, contact Jim Anderson, Fort Wayne Children's Zoo, 3411 Sherman Blvd., Fort Wayne, IN 46808 (219) 482-4610. Third International Symposium qu Lion-tailed Macaques May 23-25, 1990 San Diego, CA To be held at the San Diego Zoo, the program will feature invited lectures, paper sessions, woprkshops, and tours of San Diego's unique facilities. Major issues to be discussed during the symposium are habitat conservation, captive mangement, and reintroduction to wild reserves. Individuals having relevant work to present are asked to contact the symposium organizer by 1 March, 1990. Send inquiries and information to: Dr. Donald Lindburg, Zoological Society of San Diego, P.O. Box 551, San Diego, CA 92112. 79 Coming Events. Continued Second International Symposium on the Bfotogy oflto May 28-June 1, 1990 Mississippi State University A sequel to the international symposium on the Biology of Deer Production held in Dunedin, New Zealand in 1983, this symposium will convene scientists, managers, and farmers concerned with the biology and management of cervids. The symposium will offer plenary lectures, oral and poster presentations, and informal workshops wherein scientists can present and discuss recent advances in our knowledge of the biology of cervids as well as their application to the management of farmed and wild deer. For further information, contact: Dr. Robert D. Brown, Chairman, Biology of deer Symposium, Dept, of Wildlife and Fisheries, P.O. Drawer LW, Mississippi State, MS 39762 (601) 325- 3830; FAX 601-325-3299. Gorilla Workshop June 22-25, 1990 Powell, OH The Columbus Zoo is hosting a three-day Gorilla Workshop with the emphasis on behavioral solutions to behavioral problems in the captive gorilla population. For further information contact: The Great Apes Staff, The Columbus Zoo, Box 400, 9990 Riverside Dr., Powell, OH 43065. (614) 645-3426; FAX (614) 645-3465. 199Q AAZPA Annual Conference September 23-27, 1990 Indianapolis, IN For further information, contact Travis Edenfield, Indianapolis Zoo, 1200 West Washington St., Indianapolis, IN 46222 (317) 638-8072. Information Please I am looking for any information on the natural history and husbandry techniques of the Solomon Island giant skink ( Carucia zebrata ) and the Madagascar day gecko ( Phelsuma madagascas cariensis grandis), i.e. diet supplements, humidity and temperature levels, enclosure design, incubation techniques, etc. Anything would be greatly appreciated. Also any experience with thyroid conditions in day geckos would be useful. Please send to: Stacy A. Seguin, #7-18 Windmill Way, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3R 3A1. We are interested in information concerning the successful breeding of Hoffmann's two- toed sloths ( Chloepus hoffmanni). The zoo also needs information on estrus, menstrual cycles, gestation periods and the types of diets the breeding animals were fed. Please send information to: Sally Lieb, General Curator, Dreher Park Zoo, 1301 Summit Blvd., West Palm Beach, FL 33405. I am interested in any information in regards to mixed hoofstock exhibits. Particularly eland/zebra and nilgai/blackbuck interactions. Please include any other species housed with these, male/female ratios, total number of animals per exhibit and overall area of exhibit. If a rough topographical map could be included, it would be extremely helpful. Please send to: Ted Strikwerda, c/o Bowmanville Zoo, 340 King St. E., Bowmanville, Ontario, Canada L1C 3K5. AAZK Award Nominations Are Now Beinff Accepted for 1990! The AAZK Awards Committee would like to begin accepting nominations for the awards to be presented at the 1990 AAZK Conference in New Orleans. In the following months there will be information concerning the qualifications, nomination procedures, selection procedures and an explanation of the AAZK Excellence in Zookeeningr (EZ), Certificate of Merit for Zookeeuer Education (CMZE) and MeritoriQUS..Agh.i.ey-£mj£nL(MA) Awards. The deadline for all award nominations in 1 June 1990. All award nominations received after 1 June will be reviewed for 1991, so please keep this in mind when submitting your nominations. All awards given by the AAZK do not have a minimum or maximum number offered each year. Also, if the nominees do not meet the qualifications and nominators do not follow the nomination procedures, they will not receive the award for which they were nominated. Please include scientific names of animals when they are included in the nomination of a special or outstanding breeding acknowledgment. Please submit all nominations to: Jan McCoy, AAZK Awards Chair Washington Park Zoo 4001 S.W. Canyon Rd. Portland, OR 97221 AAZK Meritorious Achievement Award This award is given to professional members of AAZK or AAZK-affiliated Chapters for outstanding achievements in the zoo or aquarium field and related activities. This award covers activities outside the scope of the Excellence in Zookeeping award. This would include such things as keeper participation in AAZPA Bean Award projects, individual breeding projects carried on outside of the zoo proper, wildlife conservation efforts, zoo and wildlife education programs and other related activities. Qualification?; 1. The nominee must be a full-time keeper (professional AAZK member) , employed in any North American zoo. aquarium or related facility. In the case of an AAZK- affiliated chapter it must be 'In good standing" and have an up-to-date charter with the AAZK. 2. The nominee must have been employed at least one year on a permanent status at a zoo, aquarium or related facility. In the case of an AAZK-affiliated Chapter, it must have been on active status for at least a year. 3. The nominee must be nominated by his or her peers or colleagues; while supporting nominations may be submitted by other zoo, aquarium or related facility personnel. The nominators need not be from the same institution. Nomination Procedure; 1. List name, position, institution's name, address, phone and Director, years of service in the field, and the recommendation of a peer or colleague. 2. List and document the outstanding achievements: AAZPA Bean Award project participation, exhibits, breeding, conservation, etc. 3. The deadline for nominations is JUNE 1st of each year. Selection Procedure: The Awards Committee, consisting of five keepers, will independently review each nominee. 81 1990 State of the Association Report By Oliver Claffey AAZK President As we enter the final decade of the twentieth century, the American Association of Zoo Keepers continues to work toward (promoting), encouraging and educating ourselves, the zoo community and the public-at-large of our commitment to exotic animal care of the highest calibre, and the needed effort to protect what is left of the earth's natural resources and animal life. Our membership continues to grow - we now have over 2600 members worldwide. Many of our members are active in local chapters which often may hold regular meetings, invite guest speakers and get involved in fundraising activities for various purposes. We currently have 65 active Chapters of the Association. The Conservation, Preservation, Restoration Committee (CPR) was established at the 1989 National Conference to concentrate local chapter fundraising projects into national efforts. Board member Bob Debets chairs the CPR Committee. This year we will be concentrating on the nationwide "Bowling for Rhinos" to raise funds for the Ngare Sergoi Rhino Sanctuary in Kenya and the Ecosystem Survival Plan’s support of the Guanacaste National Park in Costa Rica. The ESP is a project conceived and implemented by the Greater San Francisco Bay Area Chapter of AAZK under the coordination of Norman Gershenz. The Chapter and Regional Affairs Committee (CRAG) has been revamped by Bill Whittaker. Its purpose is to build the Chapter/Regional System into a ^veil-integrated, efficient team of people who ensure that the membership is informed of all that is going on within the Association and what is required of the Chapters. Nineteen-eighty-nine was a landmark year for AAZK as we were granted a 501(c)(3) tax status which makes us a non-profit organization. This should allow us to obtain lower mailing rates and enable us to more easily accept large contributions and grants from interested agencies. Under this new classification, these donations are fully tax- deductible. This new tax status also places us under greater obligation to provide financial information to the Internal Revenue Service. Therefore, all Chapters must submit an annual financial statement to Administrative Offices. The computerization of Administrative Offices has enabled Administrative Secretary Barbara Manspeaker to run the Association's day to day business more efficiently. Animal Keepers' Forum has benefitted enormously and Editor-in-chief Susan Chan continues to produce a monthly journal of increasingly higher calibre. We have a backlog of articles awaiting publication, but members are still encouraged to submit material for AKF. A review system for technical and research articles is being implemented. The recently updated Zookeeping as a Career brochure is nearing completion after a lot of hard work by the Public Education Committee chaired by Ellen Bradfield of Zoo Atlanta. The AAZK Diet Notebook has given the Association credibility and respect from people throughout the zoo community. Preparation is underway for the Mammals Vol. II edition and the Bird Section. Susan Bunn Spencer, now at Beardsley Park Zoo, has done a wonderful job of coordinating this project. Biological Values for Selected Mammals III, a cooperative project of the Greater San Francisco Bay Area Chapter and AAZK, should be published this year. Also the second edition of the Zoonotic Diseases Handbook, edited by Bruce Clark of the Toledo Zoo, should be available next month. Data is now being collected for the Zoo Infant Development Project by Harmony Frazier- Taylor at the Woodland Park Zoo. All members are encouraged to submit material for this 82 1990 State of the Association, Continued important reference work. Project forms on which to submit your data are available from Harmony. Still in the works is the textbook "An Approach to Zookeeping" under the guidance of Pat Sammarco at Santa Fe Community College Teaching Zoo in Gainesville, FL. The next edition of the AAZK Membership Directory will be put together in the summer of 1990. Members will be receiving Directory Information Cards in April. You are urged to return this card promptly so that you will be listed correctly. Members who do not return their information card will not be included in the Directory. The Book Review Committee chaired by Rick Emmer of Cleveland MetroParks Zoo continues to publish reviews of works relevant to the zookeeping profession. The AAZK Manual of Resources which covers all aspects of AAZK including history, by- laws, projects and constitutional requirements is nearing completion by Elandra Aum of Woodland Park Zoo. This manual will be sent to each Chapter and evolved from the Chapter Liaison Packet conceived by the late Jean Hromadka. The By-laws Review Committee, chaired by Marilyn Cole of the Metro Toronto Zoo, is presently revising and making some additions to the existing By-laws. Areas being looked at for additions/revisions include rules for Chapters, the nominations & elections protocol and procedures regarding contractual agreements. The Nominations & Elections Committee is now chaired by David Luce of the Fresno Zoo. David will be making preparations for the 1991 Board of Directors election and all interested professional members should think now about running for a Board position. We now have almost 80 international members and the International Affairs Coordinators, Pam McDougall [west] and Mona Keith [east] of the Calgary Zoo work to keep in touch with our sister organizations in other countries and to coordinate the Foreign Keeper Sponsorship Program. Keeper Training and Education Materials (KTEM) is an amalgamation of several committees. Rosemary Jalink of the Baltimore Aquarium and Marilyn Cole of Metro Toronto Zoo currently head KTEM, whose purpose is to provide training materials (manuals, videos and slide programs) and information on available library and reference materials for research. The Keepers Accommodations List (KAL) now has 67 contacts in 27 States, 5 Provinces and 6 foreign countries. The master list is kept by Heidi Manicki at Toronto and Barbara Manspeaker at Topeka A.O. Members wishing to travel and stay with keepers should contact Heidi with a list of the zoos they wish to visit. The AAZK Awards Committee headed by Jan McCoy of Washington Park Zoo began publishing criteria for awards and eligibility for award nomination in last month's AKF. Further information on the awards nomination process appears in this issue and will also appear in the April AKF. We hope to introduce a new award for Excellence in Exhibitry in the near future. Annual Conferences are becoming more complex in organization and structure and are being attended by increasingly larger numbers of delegates. Bids from chapters to host a conference will now be sought three years in advance. This should enable host chapters to more adequately prepare for a conference. The 1990 Conference will be in New Orleans; 1991 will be hosted by the Toledo Zoo Chapter; and 1992 will see us in San Diego for the 25th anniversary of the founding of AAZK - in the place where it all began. I urge any member who has never attended an annual conference to do their utmost to 83 1990 State of the Association, Continued rectify that situation. To attend a meeting with two or three hundred other like-minded keepers is an exhilarating and rewarding experience. Tim Kelly of Assiniboine Park Zoo, Winnipeg, is putting together a manual for prospective host chapters. Anyone interested in hosting the conference for 1993, 1994, 1995 or even 1996 should contact Tim. The role of the Legislative Advisor is to keep the membership updated on governmental and political regulations concerning conservation and zoological issues. John Stoddard of Chicago continues to perform these duties admirably. Ex-Board member Susan Barnard of Zoo Atlanta has recently taken over chairing the Research/Grants Committee. Two grants of $500 each are available annually to keepers interested in pursuing research projects at their zoos. Susan can provide guidelines for grant applications. The Keeper Training Videotape Project has been at somewhat of a standstill for several years despite the fact that this is a self-sustaining project, i.e. funds generated by the sale of the two existing videos are available for the production of future videos. Anyone interested in producing a training video should contact Marilyn Cole, Production Coordinator. After having handled the distribution of the training tapes for the past year, Jean Ragland- McMahan, Woodland Park Zoo, has turned this aspect of the project over the Administrative Offices. Orders for the training tapes "Safety: An Attitude Adjustment" and "An Introduction to Feeds and Feeding" should be directed to A.O. The Animal Data Transfer Form is one of the most successful ideas conceived by the AAZK Bernie Feldman of Burnet Park Zoo has guided this project from its inception and the ADT Form is used by many zoos throughout North America. Forms are free, courtesy of AAZK, and are intended to accompany animal shipments and highlight aspects of the animals' nutritional, medical, behavioral and individual requirements. The Exhibit Design Form grew from an idea at the 1983 Conference in Philadelphia. Information is gathered pertaining to new exhibits or renovated ones and is intended as a guide to zoos/people designing an exhibit for the same or similar species. Mark de Denus at Assiniboine Park Zoo is currently streamlining the form and this project. We hope to have it available in the near future. The AAZK History Committee agreed to undertake the job of producing a 25th Anniversary book detailing the changes AAZK has undergone since 1967, with the intention of having the booklet available at San Diego in 1992. The Zoo/University List Project has compiled the institutions that offer programs or courses relating to captive wild animal care. The list can be obtained from Mike Illig at Washington Park Zoo. If you are aware of colleges or universities which offer such courses in your area, please pass this information along to Mike so that we can maintain as comprehensive a list as possible. In the song "Slip Away" (Proceedings of the 15th National AAZK Conference - 1989) I wrote 'Whatever you put in, comes back to you again.' I have always been a strong believer in that statement. I ask all AAZK members to get involved in your organization. Zookeeping is a team effort and, as a team, we can make a difference. 84 SPECTRUM Quality exotic animal diets Nutritionally balanced Fixed formulation • Economical When you need a complete line of high-quality dry and frozen animal diets for your feeding program, call Animal Spectrum. h 1 SPECTRUM BROOD-RITE HEATERS Frozen feline diets Frozen bird of prey diets Frozen canine diet Chunk and chopped horsemeat, hearts, livers, rib, shank, knuckle bones, and tailbones Banana flavored primate, 15% protein dry Banana flavored primate, Pro-Plus 25% protein dry Leaf Eater primate dry Omnivore dry Llama Vitamins & Minerals dry Polar Bear dry Marmoset/Tamarin dry Ratite dry Hoofstock supplement, with Selenium dry Bulbless heaters— nothing to break Safe around all animals and bedding material. Even heat distribution in 240, 500, or 750 wattages. GENTLE TOUCH™ bedding One call does it all FREE 1-800-228-4005 FAX 308-534-7015 Animal Spectrum, Inc. P.O. Box 721 North Platte, NE 69103-0721 Births & Hatchings Correction: In the January AKF. the Audubon Zoo B&H report listed that that insitution's Sumatran orangutan infant born last March, was being hand-raised with another young female which Audubon obtained from Tyler, TX. The young female, Feliz, was actually obtained from Brownsville, TX. correction submitted by Rhonda Votino, Audubon AAZK Secretary. Lincoln Park Zoological Gardens...the Robert R. McCormick Bear and Wold Habitat at Lincoln Park Zoological Gardens in Chicago, IL was constructed as part of the Large Mammal Area, at a cost of $11.7 million, and opened in 1982. In the fall of 1988, it was home to one adult pair of Polar bears ( Ursus maritimus ), three adult pairs of Spectacled bears ( Tremarctos ornatus ), and two adult pairs of Maned wolves ( Chrysocyon brachyurus ). The east side of the building has three outdoor habitats for spectacled bears, and the west side also has three habitat areas for maned wolves. Found at the north end is one of the most impressive habitats for polar bears in the nation. It includes tiered rock areas, a 266,000 gallon fresh water pool with underwater viewing windows, and a separate salt water pool. The interior of the building includes dens for all habitats, specially designed cubbing dens, kitchen facilities, a keeper access hallway that runs the length of the building, and the basement which houses the huge filtration system for the polar bear exhibit pool. We are also fortunate to have video surveillance in three denning areas, one set up for each species. "Bear Line" keepers, Victoria Henrie and Diana Weinhardt, had their hands full this past winter. Our female polar bear, Chukchi (named after the Alaskan Sea), is eleven years old, born in 1977, and hand-raised in the LPZ nursery. Our male, Thor (named after the Norse God of Thunder), is also eleven years old and was captive bom in 1977 at the San Francisco Zoo. This pair finally produced their first viable cub on 22 November 1988, but unfortunately the female cub survived only three weeks. At the time of death, weight was 3.62 lbs, ears were up, eyes closed; and necropsy showed a full stomach of milk. Cause of death was undertermined. Due to our video camera in the den, we were able to observe that Chukchi was an excellent and very attentive mother throughout her cub's short life. After the pair was reintroduced in January 1989, breeding was observed in February and March. We are eagerly anticipating another birth, and our hopes are set high for subsequent successful rearing. As for our maned wolves, unfortunately no pups were produced by either pair, and no breeding activity was observed by these very shy, secretive animals. On a happier note. ..we had spectacled bear cubs bustin' out all over the place! This species is the only bear endemic to South America, is extremely endangered, and was gives SSP status in 1988. Speckles (#192), a seven-year-old female, who had been paired with a seven- year-old male named Goliath (#194), gave birth to 1.1 cubs on 28 November, 1988. This was her second litter, and these cubs are second generation on the sires' side, and third generation on the dams' side. The male cub is named Freckles, and his facial markings are the perfectly symmetrical "spectacles", which are so rarely seen. His sister is a real "show-stopper" though, looking as if she had been playing in a can of white paint. Her face is entirely white with the exception of a black patch surrounding her left eye (looking very much like "Spuds 86 Births & Hatchings. Continued McKenzie"). The white markings continue down her throat to the chest, and then are followed by a dash on her stomach. She also has white fur across her toes on both of her hind paws which gives the appearance of her wearing little slippers. At four months of age, we discovered that she had blue eyes. We have found this to be quite unusual, as spectacled bears are born with brown eyes. American black bears ( Ursus americanus ) are born with blue eyes, which start to change to brown at around four months of age. As a yearling, her right eye (white side of face) is still blue, while the left eye (surrounded by black patch) has changed to brown on the upper half and blue on the lower half. This dual color has remained unchanged for the past few months. Her name is Nieve, which is Spanish for snow. The other female is a seven-year-old named Goggles (#195). She was paired wih an eight- year-old male named Miggy (Miguel-#183). Her second litter arrived on 31 December 1988. The 1.0.1 cubs represent a second generation birth. Both cubs appeared healthy, but one disappeared approximately on the seventh day. The surviving male cub is named Ditka, after the Chicago Bears' football coach. Our third pair appears to be finally mature enough for breeding this year. Mike (#233) is a four-year-old male who gained some notoriety in Chicago this past spring by escaping from his outdoor habitat. This occurred after he shifted a huge log in the bottom of the yard. Just by chance it was propped up against the exhibit wall, allowing him, but not his smaller mate, to climb out. He was sedated without incident after a 15 minute excursion in the immediate area. His mate is a three and a half-year-old female named Hallie (#265). This summer we witnessed some serious courting behavior on Mikes' part, but Hallie loudly rejecting his advances. So far no actual breeding has been observed, but we are still optimistic. Lincoln Park made a special commitment to the survival of this species when it received its first pair of spectacled bears in 1988. Both were wild-caught in Ecuador. In 1974, the first viable cubs were born. In the following years, 1976-1979, five cubs were born and successfully mother-reared. In 1981, one cub (Miggy/#183 Miguel) was born and hand- raised after its mother died when he was only four months old. After Lincoln Park opened the new Bear and Wolf Habitats in 1982, cubs were not produced again until 1986, when five cubs were born to three pairs. In 1989, with a total of nine bears (6 adults, 3 cubs/ 5.4) and along with other bears (7.6) on breeding loans, shows Lincoln Park Zoo to manage or own over 20% of the captive population of spectacled bears in North America. With the continuing successes of this twenty-year conservation program (8.7.5/Total LPZ births), other projects have been initiated. Grants received in 1986 and 1987 provided for research on captive behavior at Lincoln Park Zoo. The three studies conducted were mother/infant behavior in a cubbing den; spectacled bear vocalizations; and exhibit usage by this species. In 1984, Lincoln Park Zoo became the publisher of the International Studbook for the Spectacled Bear. In October of 1988, Lincoln Park Zoo hosted the First International Symposium on the Spectacled Bear, and plans for the second symposium are now in motion, submitted by Victoria Henrie, Bear Line Keper/V.P. Lincoln Park AAZK Chapter . Greenlaw (Puvallup. WA)...as reported in the March 1989 issue of AKF. the first born at this facility 12-3-89 was to a formerly abused Pigtail macaque ( Macaca nemistrina). The mother, a mature monkey, perhaps even aged, lacked fingers and toes and had been housed here for eights months prior to delivery. She received special care and diet to compensate for the obviously deficient amenities previously available to her. After self-delivering, cleaning and nursing the newborn female offspring, on the fifth day this mother unaccountably began to systematically chew off the toes of her baby. The youngster then was removed from the mother, given medical care, fed goat's milk in preference to other standard formulas, having its needs supplied by humans. As this 87 Births & Hatchings. Continued female infant grew, it was carefully reintroduced to the small colony where further education was administered by another female macaca who took a great liking to it. The natural mother, who heretofore had been somewhat of an unpleasant tyrant, again delivered, cleaned and nursed another infant, a male born 21 September 1989. Constant vigil ensued making certain the second infant was not in peril. Lavish wooden bowls of nuts and parrot seeds were provided in addition to the regular diet of chow, yogurt, grubs, fruits and vegetables - hoping to replace the proclivity toward bone munching. Last year's female infant, abused by its natural mother and so removed, with another adult female who adopted it. The formerly abusive mother with her male infant bom in September. She is caring for this infant with no signs of abuse. As of this writing (20 Dec/89), not only is this mother continuing to nurse and nurture her new infant male, she is often observed hugging that male youngster with one arm while her other arm is drapped across the shoulders of her 1988 female model. So, the mystery remains - what went right this time? The weather was more balmy in September than December? The seeds and nuts kept the mouth so busy there was no time for chewing bones? The mother preferred male offspring to female? Whatever the case, there appears to indeed be hope after prior post patrum failure, submitted by Rosemary Greenlaw. Metro Toronto Zoo...three rare Cheetah iAcinonyx jubatus ) cubs (2.1) were bom 27 October. These cubs represent only the second cheetah births in the fifteen year history of the Metro Toronto Zoo. Because cheetahs are an endangered species in the wild and do not reproduce well in zoos, these births are especially significant. Relations among the zoo’s male and female have been more than a litle platonic in recent years. The three cubs are the successful product of new breeding approaches. Operating on the premise that "familiarity breeds boredom", we arranged to trade several cheetahs back and forth with the African Lion Safari. As a result of this "mix and match" approach, successful breeding took place. Births and Hatchings. Continued Careful monitoring of the cubs by their keepers led to the early detection of health problems in the female and she was removed for emergency, life-saving surgery. Shortly after this, the two male cubs began to lose weight and were taken to the Zoo's Health Unit at the age of about two and a half weeks. As a result of the separation from their mother, unavoidable for health reasons, the cubs will not be reintroduced to the adults for several months and will not be on public display until spring. We are a cooperating zoo in the Cheetah SSP. Metro Toronto Zoo News Release, 23 January 1990. Los Angeles Zoo...is pleased to report the following significant occurences from November 1989 to January 1990: our female Sloth bear ( Melursus ursinus ) Henrietta gave birth to two cubs on 22 December, but only one survived and is being hand-raised in our Adventure Island Nursery. This is our first sloth bear birth in fourteen years, the last being Henrietta’s birth. At birth the cub weighed 439 grams and on 23 January weighed in at 2815 grams. Native to East India and Sri Lanka, sloth bears are very different from other bears with their long hair and long curved claws. The claws, along with their snout and tongue are used for digging open termite mounds, blowing away the dust and sucking up the prey. They also forage for fruits and flowers. On 18 December, 1989 triplet (1.2) Babirusa ( Babyrousa babyrussa ) were bom. Our adult pair were originally from the Antwerp Zoo and arrived at the Los Angeles Zoo on 14 April, 1989. Prior to this date the two had not been introduced to each other; after their introduction on 13 June, they were inseparable. Babirusas usually give birth to twins and our triplets are strong and healthy. At this time mom and kids are being kept separate from the male and will be introduced to each other when the piglets are approximately five months old. Babirusa, an endangered species from the Celebes, means "deer pig" in Indonesian, given the name because they browse more like a deer than a pig. They have four tusks which sweep backs towards their forehead making them an ineffective weapon. The tusks can reach ten inches in length. 0.2 Spekes gazelle ( Gazella spekel ) were bom on 20 November and 20 January. The spekes are only found in the deserts of Somalia and little in known about them. The fawns are approximately 1600 grams at birth. These gazelles have a swelling on their noses which inflates when they are alarmed. On 24 November we had a male Black duiker ( Cephalophus niger) bom and on 5 January, a male Zebra duiker ( Cephalopus zebra) was born. There are seventeen species of duikers and the Los Angeles Zoo has three species: Black, Red Flanked and Zebra. We are the only zoo in the United States with these three species of duikers. Duiker is Afrikaan for "diver", the name having been given them for their habit of diving into cover when disturbed. They have short forelegs and longer hindlegs and their bodies are arch shaped. The genus Cephalophus refers to the long crest of hair between their frons and this genus is forest dwelling. We have also had 0.0.1 Fish eagle ( Haliaetus vocifer ) hatched during this period. Our female is caring for her chick in their nest. Found throughout Africa south of the Sahara, they are not considered threatened or endangered in the wild, but there are only 12 African fish eagles in captivity and this is the first captive-born chick. The eggs were incubated for six weeks by the female. The adults have a white head, chest and tail with a chestnut belly. When calling the birds throw their heads backwards and their call is almost gull-like, wild and far-carrying. On 22 July, 1989 we received 1.2 Saiga antelope ( Saiga tartarica ) from the Oklahoma City Zoo. The male, Boris, was bom on 4 May, 1986, and the females, Leticia and Natasha, were born 5 May and 20 June 1987 respectively. This species is found from Carpathians to Mongolia to Western China. Their coat is a sandy color and the males' horns are amber and translucent. They have a large proboscius and during the males' rut his proboscis increases in size. The only other zoo in the U.S. to exhibit Saiga is San Diego. 89 Birthg. gpifl .Hatching^ Continued Once again the Los Angeles Zoo is fortunate to be able to care for a newly captured female Sumatran rhinoceros for the winter before it goes to its new home at the New York Zoological Park. "Augustina" was captured in August 1989 and her age is estimated to be 3- 5 years. These rhinos, found in the rain forests of Southeast Asia, are endangered and number approximately 700 in the wild. There are only five species of rhino left and only one of these, the White Rhino is not considered endangered. The Sumatran is the smallest of the rhinos and has two skin folds, one across the shoulders and the other across the hindquarters. Their bodies are covered sparcely with hair, submitted by Linda Cory , Chapter Liaison , Los Angeles Zoo AAZK Chapter , Los Angeles , CA. Metro Boston Zoos.. .on 8 December, 1989 the 0.1 Dwarf Forest Buffalo 'Red Sonya’ ( Syncerus caffer nanus) gave birth to a male calf. This marks both the first time this species has bred at MetroParks Zoo and the first successful birth at the African Tropical Forest exhibit. The calf, named 'Lenie', stood and nursed shortly after birth and was observed eating hay and grain only four days after he was born, from Keeper News, newsletter of the Metro Boston Chapter AAZK, January 1990. North Carolina Chapter AAZK...renorts notable births and hatchings from 1 October - 31 December 1989 from each participating institution: Duke Primate Center.-.notable births at the Duke University Primate Center include that of another Sifaka ( Propithecus uerreauxi ) on 28 December to one of our females, Cornelia. This is her fourth offspring since her arrival in May 1982. This increases our total population of this very rare and beautiful species to 18 with 6.8.1 Sifaka and 1.2 Golden crowned sifaka ( Propithecus tattersalli). submitted by Ruby Ange, Research Tech, DUPC, Durham, NC. North Carolina Zoological Park. ..notable births include a male Gerenuk C Litocranius walleri) in October and a male Kirk's dik-dik ( Madoqua kirki) in December. Both animals are doing well and being raised by their parents, submitted by Cynthia Noe-Hanson, Secretary / Chapter Liaison , N.C. Chapter AAZK. The Jackson Zoological Park.. .in Jackson, MS would like to announce the following significant births, acquisitions and deaths from September-December 1989: Births included 1.1 Chimpanzee ( Pan troglodytes), 0.1 Lion-tailed macaque ( Macaca silenus), 0.1 Black spider monkey ( Ateles paniscus), 0.2 Colobus monkey ( Colobus guereza ), 0.1 Dama gazelle ( Gazella dama), 1.1 Sable antelope ( Hippotragus niger), 1.0 Reticulated giraffe ( Giraffa camelpardalis reticulata), and 0.0.1 Cotton-top tamarin ( Saguinus oedipus). Acquisitions of note include: 1.1 Clouded leopard ( Neofelis nebulosa), 1.1 Cheetahs ( Acinonyx jubatus), 1.1 Sloth bear ( Melursus ursinus), 0.1 Springbok ( Antidorcus marsupialis), 0.1 California sea lion ( Zalophus calif ornianus), and 1.0 Grand eclectus parrot C Eclectus roratus). Deaths were: 1.0 Jaguar ( Panthera onca), 1.0 Common hippo t Hippopotamus amphibius), and 1.0 Grand electus parrot ( Ecelctus roratus). submitted by Pat Steele, Chapter Liaison, Jackson, Mississippi Chapter AAZK. Houston Zoo Chapter AAZK...renorts these significant births and hatchings from the many of 1989. Our Bird Department has success with many rare and rarely bred species. These are a few examples: 0.0.3 Helmeted Curassow ( Rax pauxi); 0.0.1 Hyacinthine macaw ( Anodorhyncus ), this is the second year in a row that this pair has produced and raised a chick; 0.0.3 Green hunting cissa ( Cissa chinensis), this is our second successful hatching of this seldom bred species; 0.0.1 Nocturnal curassow ( Nothocrax urumutum); 0.0.3 Golden headed quetzal ( Pharomacrus auriceps), we have hatched 16 of these remarkable birds since 1986, 14 of which have survived past 30 days; 0.0.3 Silver-eared mesia ( Leiothrix 90 Births and Hatchings. Continued argentauris ); 0.0.3 Lilac breasted roller ( Coracias caudata ); and 0.0.1 Lady Ross' touraco ( Musophaga rossae), we are one of only three institutions in the U.S. to breed this species. Our Mammal Department had a good year as well. The hoofed mammal section reports these births: 0.1 Nile lechwe ( Kobus megaceros), this infant was hand-raised and is now with the group; 2.1 Dorcas gazelle ( Gazella dorcas), this has been a successful group and all offspring were parent-raised; 0.1 Besia oryx ( Oryx gazella besia ); 1.1 Sable antelope ( Hippotragus niger), this makes seven Sables born at the Houston Zoo since 1986; 3.0 Cape hartebeest ( Alcelaphus buselaphus ); and 1.1 Nyala ( Tragelaphus angasi ). In Felines: 0.1 Serval ( Felis serval ); 0.2 Black leopard ( Panthera pardis ), this was the first litter for this female who proved to be a good and protective mother; and 0.0.2 Caracal ( Felis caracal damarensis ). From Primates: 0.1 Spectacled langur ( Presbytis obscura ), this brings our population of this species to 7.6, 4.5 of which are in one social group; 1.1 Red capped mangabey ( Cercocebus torquatus torquatus ). All these primates were parent-raised. Our Small Mammal House has enjoyed continued success with its colony of Vampire bats ( Desmodus rotundas), which has been self-sustaining for over 15 years. Births were also recorded in our Rousette fruit bat ( Rousettes aegyptiacus ) and Mexican fruit bat ( Artibeus jamaicensis) groups as well as these others: 0.0.1 Pygmy marmoset ( Callithrix pygmaea)-, 0.1 Bolivian gray titi ( Callicebus moloch donacophilus ); 0.1 Prehensile-tailed porcupine ( Coendu mexacanis); 0.0.2 Mouse lemur ( Microcebus murinus); 3.0 Jaguarundi ( Felis yagouaroundi), our Jaguarundi pair have proven to be very good parents, and are housed together even when the female has kittens; and several litters of Prevost's squirrel ( Callosciurus prevosti). From the Children's Discovery Zoo: 0.1 Patagonian cavy ( Dolichotis patagona), parent- raised; 1.1 Fennec fox ( Fennecus zerda ), parent-raised; 3.2 Red-necked wallabies C Macropus rufogriseus), parent-raised; and 0.2 Binturong ( Arctictus binturong). This was the first litter for this young female. They did not thrive with their mother and were hand- raised. Our Reptile Department is pleased to announce their second hatching of a clutch of Rowley's pit viper ( Bothriechis rowleyi). We are the only institution to breed this viper, which may be extinct in the wild. There were also these significant hatchings: 0.0.3 Yellow headed gecko ( Gonatodes albuqularis ); 0.0.15 African spur-thighed tortoise ( Geochelone sulcata ); 0.0.36 Dying poison arrow frog ( Dendrobates tinctorius ); 0.0.5 Red foot tortoise ( Geochelone carbonaria); 0.0.7 Pueblan milksnakes ( Lampropeltis tiangulom campbelli ); 0.0.2 Palm viper ( Bothriechis aurifer ); 0.0.3 Angolan python ( Python anchictae ); 0.0.1 Prehensile-tailed skink ( Corocia zebrata ); 0.0.50 Climbing toad ( Pedostibes hosii), this is only the second captive breeding of this species; and 0.0.2 New Calidonian gecko ( Rhacodactylus chahoua ), this is the first captive breeding of this species, submitted by Steve Howard, Chapter Liaison, Houston Zoo AAZK Chapter, Houston, TX. Columbus Zoo...the months of November, December and January provided the Columbus Zoo with many significant births (cheetah, gorilla, warthogs, etc.) and acquisitions (7 Loggerhead turtles to be used in a ground-breaking study and the reintroduction of Malayan tapir into our collection). Our Aquarium continues to advance in terms of both captive propagation and research. In December, 0.0.7 Loggerhead sea turtles ( Caretta caretta ) were brought to Columbus as part of a cooperative research program between our Aquarium, the Virginia Institute of Marine Sciences, the Virginia Marine Science Museum, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. In addition to our seven, there are eleven turtles at the other institutions involved in this study. The purpose of this program is twofold. While in captivity, data will be collected on growth rates, diets and behavior. After about two years, all 18 will be released at the Back Bay National Wildlife Refuge at Virginia Beach. The 10 most hardy individuals will be 91 Births & Hatchings. Continued outfitted with satellite transmitters to track their movements. It is hoped that data collected from this can be used to determine if captive raised turtles can adapt to the wild and survive. If so, this will give concrete evidence that "head starting" is a viable conservation and management tool. ("Head starting" means raising sea turtles in captivity during their first few years because infant mortality is astronomical in the wild due to a variety of natural and man-made factors.) In fact, our Aquarium has already been involved in this "head start" research. In 1986, the zoo received 1.1 hatchlings that were abandoned. On 4 October, 1989 the male, Columbo, was released at Back Bay after being outfitted with a satellite transmitter that is uplinked with a NOAA satellite used to track hurricanes. Through this method "Hurricane Columbo's" movements are being tracked daily. This winter he has ranged as far north as Maryland, but has since moved back down to South Garolina-Georgia area, where the warmer waters are probably more to his liking! Valuable data is being gathered on his movements, dive intervals, etc. This is the first time such a study is being done, and the Columbus Zoo has made a heavy financial commitment to it by purchasing several of the satellite transmitters. In addition, a large, colorful graphic display in the Aquarium public aisles gives up to date reports on "Hurricane Columbo's" whereabouts as well as educating the public on the plight of the highly endangered sea turtles. The Aquarium also continued to enjoy hatching success these past months with its desert pupfish ( Cyprinodon macularius ) and most of the eleven species of endangered Lake Victoria Haplochromine cichlids in the collection. One of the cichlid species (Astatotilapia brownae ) had an eye-catching specimen hatch on 27 January because this individual is two- headed, an extremely rare occurrence. While of dubious scientific value, "Jo-Jo" is noteworthy if only because of all the media attention and local publicity this tiny creature has generated for us. Several noteworthy events have also occured in the zoo's ungulate collection. On 1 Nov., our Yellow-backed duiker ( Cephalophus sylvicultor ) pair had their second offspring, a male that DNS. At first the infant appeared to be doing well, but it soon became apparent by the amount of time that he spent at the mother's nipples that he was not obtaining sufficient milk. He was pulled for hand-rearing, but died soon afterward. On 4 Nov, 0.2.1 Warthogs ( Phacochoerus aethiopicus ) were born. Although no actual breedings were observed (only some breeding behaviors) plans were made to separate the pair in case of an impending birth. But before they were separated the mother gave birth resulting in 0.0.1 dying as a result of cagemate (father) trauma. These are the first offspring for our pair, who were born at the Los Angeles Zoo, and the mother is displaying good maternal care. The mother is almost two years old, and the sire is about two and a half. Although quite numerous in their native Africa, warthogs are still scarce in the U.S. due to importation restrictions on swine. In fact, these births are the first outside of Los Angeles since warthogs have again been permitted in this country. On 8 Jan. a 0.1 South American tapir (Tapir us terrestus ) was born. This birth is the 21st South American tapir born at Columbus. She is the fourth offspring for the 10-year-old male, Cupp, and the third for the nine-year-old dam, Honeydew. This baby was born in the same enclosure with her father, and all three continue to stay together with no complications. Finally, on 8 Nov., Columbus acquired a 0.1 Malayan tapir ( Tapirus indicus ) from the Milwaukee County Zoo. This animal, who will be a year old this month, represents the reintroduction of these striking black and white animals to Columbus after an absence of about seven years. We are currently searching for a mate for her. In addition to the South American and Malayan tapirs, our zoo also houses a pair of Baird's tapirs ( Tapirus bairdi). Columbus' 19th gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla ) birth occurred on 10 Nov. when a female was born. Owned by San Francisco, she is the daughter of Columbus-owned "Toni" and San Francisco-owned "Sunshine". She was pulled at eight days of age when the mother's behavior changed in what the staff perceived as an inappropriate fashion. Shortly thereafter a medical condition (pilondial cyst) was diagnosed in Toni which perhaps contributed to her behavioral changes. However, her offspring (still unnamed), continues to do well in the nursery. Another notable primate birth occurred on 28 Jan. in the 92 Births & Hatchings. Continued Children's Zoo. A Colobus monkey ( Colohus guereza kikuyuensis), as yet unsexed, was born to Char who has been in the Columbus collection since her birth at Columbus over eight years ago. Christmas Eve brought Columbus its 25th litter of Cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus). All 2.2 are doing well and being mother-reared. The Cheetahs & Bears department also acquired a 0.1 Wolverine ( Gulo gulo), Gassy, on 5 Jan. Wild-caught in the Yukon Territory, Canada, she will eventually be paired with our male, Smokey, who has been in the collection for three years, submitted by Beth Pohl, Columbus Zoo AAZK Treasurer and Carl Gyarmaty. Philadelphia Z00...B&H from October 1989 to January 1990 include: Birds: our pair of Red-rumped green woodpeckers ( Picus e. erythropygius ) hatched their fourth clutch in January. Unfortunately, the chick did not survive and was found outside the nest. The one surviving chick from the first clutch is doing well. We believe the Philadelphia Zoo is the first to hatch this species in captivity. Mammals: we now have a second pair of Prevost's squirrels ( Callosciurus prevosti ) that are breeding with 0.0.2 pups born in December. A difficult species of squirrel to breed, this is one of the species our mammal department is concentrating on to develop a breeding and husbandry protocol. In our Small Mammal House we have had great success with three of our small primates. Our pair of Lesser slow loris ( Nycticebus pygmaeus), a threatened species, had 0.0.2 young in January. These offspring are second generation captive bred. The Philadelphia Zoo has the largest North American colony of Geoffroy's marmosets ( Callithrix jacchus geoffroyi). It was increased by triplets (2.1) born to the pair in our Small Mammal House. The Philadelphia Zoo has been actively breeding this species since 1984. It is known that this female can only raise one offspring successfully at a time. The two males were pulled and they are currently being hand-raised. The female was left with the group to be mother-reared. Our Pygmy marmosets ( Cebuella pygmaea) are doing just as well and had their fourth set of twins since their arrival in 1987. All offspring were mother-reared and all but one is still in the group. In May of 1989, we acquired a colony of Naked mole rats ( Hetercephalus glaber). About one month later the female aborted eleven fetuses. She bred again and in November she had four young. Two were lost in the nest. The other two lived only for a short time with the oldest lasting a week. At the end of January, she had another litter of 19 with at least 15 still going strong after 10 days, submitted by Beth Schwenk, Chapter Liaison. Papers will be accepted on all aspects of zookeeping. The papers will be limited to 20 minutes followed by a five-minute question and answer period. "Guidelines for Typing Papers for AAZK Conference Proceedings" will be published in a future issue ofAKF. These guidelines should be followed by all authors. The papers will be published in a Special 1990 Conference Proceedings. A copy of the paper must be turned in to the Program Chairman prior to presentation. Please submit an outline or abstract by 15 July 1990 and include the following informatrion to be considered for acceptance: Name of Presenter Zoo Affiliation Position/Title Title of Paper Equipment Needed Send to: Carolyn Kennedy, Program Committee AAZK Conference ’90 P.O.Box 4327 New Orleans, LA 70178 REMINDER All those delegates planning on going on the Belize Post-Conference trip are reminded that their deposit of $150.00 is due hv 1 April 1990. Checks should be made payable to Audubon Part Zoo AAZK Chapter. For more information contact Carolyn Kennedy or Cathi Lehn at P.O. Box 4327, New Orleans, LA 70178 (504) 861-2537. The trip is planned for Sat., Nov. 10 to Tuesday, Nov. 13, 1990. 94 The Audubon Zoo AAZK Chapter Invites You to Join Us for the 16th National AAZK Conference November 4-8, 1990 Clarion Hotel, New Orleans, LA Hope To See You There! 95 International Training Center for the Captive Breeding of Endangered Species Purpose: to train individuals in the techniques of captive breeding of a variety of endangered species so that they can advance the cause of wildlife preservation in their respective countries. Background: The Wildlife Preservation Trust is an international nonprofit organization dedicated to the support of captive breeding of endangered species. It supports projects in captive breeding, field surveys, reintroduction, research and education. The zoological facility for the Trust's work is located on the island of Jersey, Channel Islands, British Isles. This facility is both a zoo and breeding-research facility for endangered species, and has a collection of over 100 species of birds, mammals and reptiles. The International Training Center is an educational facility for training in captive breeding and species conservation; it combines dormitory, classroom and research facilities for students, staff and visiting scientists. Program: the training program consists of six, ten or sixteen weeks of intensive work in all divisions of the zoo. Trainees work in close contact with zoo staff in all phases of animal keeping and breeding. Each trainee spends two weeks in each section and a final two weeks on an independent project. Daily duties are supplemented with weekly seminars on a variety of topics. The program is flexible in terms of length and focus. Eligibility: the program is designed for individuals with previous practical experience with animals: zoo and animal center staff and postgraduates in conservation-related fields. Application: applications may be obtained from the address below. Selection is made in August of each year. Applications should be submitted by 1 July for training beginning the following year. Location: Jersey, Channel Islands, British Isles Dates: starting date by arrangement Fees: Tuition is £100 (approximately $165). Full room and board costs are £91 (approximately $150) per week. Trainees are responsible for air fare to and from Jersey, Channel Islands, as well as personal expenses. For application and further information write or call: Training Program Wildlife Preservation Trust International 34th St. and Girard Ave. Philadelphia, PA 19104 (215) 222-3636 - telephone (215) 222-2191 - FAX ♦♦♦Deadline for application for 1991 positions is 1 July 1990.*** 96 Big Five Expeditions invite you to join them ON TWO INCREDIBLE EXPEDITIONS DESIGNED AND PRICED ESPECIALLY FOR A.A.Z.K. MEMBERS... BIGFIVE Our 2nd Annual Camping Safari to Botswana October 09 - 23, 1990 Personally led by: Adam Hedges Professional Naturalist, East & Southern Africa Highlights include: Land & Air from New York (based on double occupancy throughout) Kalhari Desert • Okavango Delta • Moremi National Park • Chobe Na- tional Park • Victoria Falls • Walking Safari in Delta • White River Rafting on the Zambezi! • 4x4 Safari Vehicles • All Meals & Wine in Botswana • Professional Naturalist/Guide Throughout, licensed by the Botswana Department of Wildlife & National Parks Price per person: $3299.00 Note: Airfares are subject to change without notice at the sole discretion of the carrier(s). India Wildlife Safari November 9-24, 1 990 Personally led by: Steven Lee Tomey, Rhinoceros Keeper, St. Louis Zoo Highlights include: Land & Air from New York (based on double occupancy throughout) Delhi, Old & New • Corbett National Park (White Tiger) • Kaziranga Game Sanctuary (game viewing by elephant) • Bandipur Sanctuary (Previ- ously private reserve of the Mharajah of Mysore) • Mudumalai Sanctuary • Periyar Game Sanctuary (finest habitat of the Asiatic Elephant , where boat travel is the only means of transportation) • Kerala Coast 5-Day Optional Extension to Nepal Highlights include: Kathmandu • River Rafting on Trisuli River • Elephantback Safari in Chitwan National Park Main Tour: Price per person: $291 1 .00 Extension: Price per person: $ 675.00 Note: Airfares are subject to change without notice at the sole discretion of the carrier(s). For further information and free brochure , please contact: Big Five Expeditions LTD: 2151 E. Dublin-Granville Road: Suite 215: Columbus: OH: 43229: Tel: 800-541-2790/614-898-0036 Chapter News Rockv Mountain AAZK Chapter Our Chapter has been focused on the "Bowling for Rhinos" and it has come along successfully. Due to our hardworking Treasurer, Marlene Kumpf, the list of bowlers, sponsors and prizes grew rapidly. It was held on 18 February from 7-9:30 p.m. (A report on the financial success of this and other Chapters will appear in an upcoming issues of AKF. Ed.) Recently we have purchased an acre of rainforest from the Ecosystem Survival Plan initiated by the Greater San Francisco Bay Area Chapter of AAZK. We have elected to make donations to two appeals. We sent $50.00 to the Monkey Sanctuary in England for their Woolly Monkey enclosure and $150.00 to Sharon Matola and the Belize Zoo so they may purchase a research station needed to house their Education and Research Department. We wish them success in their projects. -Gail Suzanne Chacon Corresponding Secretary Metro Boston Chaste Two Chapter members, Tom Aversa and Kathy Clark, received funding assistance from the Chapter to attend conferences. Tom attended the National AAZK Conference in Syracuse, NY and Kathy attended the Dr. Scholls Conference on Nutrition of Captive Wild Animals in Chicago. The Chapter also spent $25.00 to purchase materials to make parrot toys for the zoo's psittacine residents. The keepers will be making the toys. The Chapter is currently putting together a slide show entitled "Zookeeping As A Career" which when completed will be available to interested groups. -Keeper News newsletter of the Metro Boston Chapter AAZK Riverside Chapter AAZK The Riverside Chapter, located at the Riverside Zoo in Scottsbluff, NE, recently designed a logo for their Chapter (see insert). The design was by Pete Riger, Keeper; the artwork by Cheri Heiberg. Pete explained the significance behind the design by saying: "We used animals native (or once native) to the Nebraska plains. This fits in with our zoo's 'native theme' which includes bison and pronghorn in a mixed species exhibit. The North Platte River runs behind our zoo and the Scottsbluff National Monument 'looms' in the background and is easily seen from the bison overlook." The address for the Riverside Chapter is c/o Riverside Zoo, 1600 S. Beltline Hwy., Scottsbluff, NE 68631. -Chapter Submission Jackson. Mississippi Chanter AAZK Newly elected officers for 1990 are: President.. ..Michelle Herman Vice Pres Marcia Riedmiller Secretary Coleen Zahnke Treasurer. ....Dave Culbertson Chapter Liaison. ....Pat Steele Historians.... .Deborah Wofford Coleen Zahnke -Pat Steele, Chapter Liaison 98 Chapter News. Continued Greater San Francisco Bav Area Chapter^AZK The most recent issue of Species, the newsletter of the GSFBA Chapter contained an update on the Ecosystem Survival Plan and the Adopt an Acre Program. Schoolchildren from as far away as Florissant, MO, Dewey, AZ, and Anchorage, AK have actively raised funds to purchase rainforest land. The ESP continues to receive excellent press coverage with recent articles appearing in Zoo Life . National Gardening, and the February issue of Organic Gardening. ESP Project Coordinator Norman Gershenz has also accomplished quite a coup by arranging for Adopt An Acre advertising on all the Rapid Transit BART trains in the Bay area with information appearing every 20 minutes on electronic message boards. This promotional consideration was donated. Way to go, Norm! To date, ESP has raised over $31,000 and has purchased over 240 acres of tropical rainforest. Congratulations to everyone involved in the ESP for their hard work and continuing dedication to this worthwhile and important conservation effort! -Editor AKF San Diego Chapter AAZK Newly elected members of the San Diego Chapter Board of Directors are: Lance Aubrey, Steve Castillo, Kathy Duke and Chris Schmitz. Continuing Board members are: Teresa Everett, Nolan Harvey, Andrew Johnson, Kim Livingstone and Chris Peterson. Celeste Northrop recently announced her resignation from the Bard due to her expanding commitments in editing The Keener, the S.D. Chapter newsletter, and her duties as Regional Coordinator. In other Chapter news, Wild Animal Park veterinarian Dr. Jack Oosterhaus presented a seminar in February on the recent pregnancy and cesarean section of Jean the Asian elephant at the WAP. He also showed video footage of the procedure. In March, the chapter's guest speaker was Steve Joines, Senior Aquarist at Sea World who presented a program on sharks including a behind-the-scenes tour of Sea World's shark exhibits. In April the Chapter will hear from WAP Curator of Birds Bill Toone on his bird collecting adventures in Papua, New Guinea. -The Keeper, newsletter Jan./Feb. 1990 North Carolina Chanter AAZK For the period October-December 1989, our Chapter was involved in the following activities. On 7 and 8 October, the Chapter participated in an annual fundraiser at the "Fall Festival" in Asheboro. A booth was set up and we sold bluebird boxes, Chapter T-shirts and baked goods. All bluebird boxes were sold. On 14 and 15 October, the Chapter provided assistance at the national onference of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians which was held in Greensboro and hosted by the North Carolina Zoological Park. Four Chapter members attended their first AAZK national conference in Syracuse, NY, 1-5 October. On 1 November, the slide show presentation that the Chapter put together for school groups was given to the Keepers' Forum group at the North Carolina Zoological Park. -Lucy Segerson, President Philadelphia Zoo AAZK Chapter As of January 1990, our Chapter has new officers: President Teri Maas Vice Pres Kim Trautmann Secretary.. ...Christina Carbone Treasurer.. ...Gina Wilson Chapter Liaison. ..Beth Schwenk On 21 January, we held our first keeper morning of this year. We began this fundraiser last year with four being held throughout the year. Members of the zoo pay a small fee to work side by 99 Chapter News. Continued side with a keeper for an hour in the morning. This gives the participants a chance to learn what it is we actually do. As far as conservation projects go, we adopted and modified the program initiated by the Greater San Francisco Bay Area AAZK Chapter to adopt land through the Ecosystem Survival Plan. We looked into using their parking meter idea but due to regulations, we could not do the same thing. We decided instead to collect the money from the outdoor viewers located around some of our exhibits. We call it "Change for a change" and have put stickers on all our viewers explaining how the money will be used. We are also getting ready for our "Bowling for Rhinos" night on 18 Feb. We have the use of an entire bowling alley with enough room for 60 bowlers. At this time we have over 60 people willing to bowl and who are looking forward to a night of fun. -Beth Schwenk, Chapter Liaison Toledo Chapter aazk Elections were held on 15 February. The new officers are: President Suzanne Husband Vice Pres Kathi Benner Secretary Sharon Simmons Treasurer Mike Dilley The Chapter is selling "Bowling for Rhinos" patches and has already turned a profit. Anyone interested in purchasing patches please contact Bill Whittaker. Greater Baltimore Chapter AAZK As 1990 begins a new decade so does our Chapter begin its second year in existence. At our January meeting we held office elections-newly elected for 1990 are: Co-Presidents Deb Wainright and Joanne Shaffer Vice Pres.... .Rosemary Jalink Treasurer Karen Brown Secretary Christine Bartos Chapter Liaison. ....Kathy Konwin On 3 February, after much anticipation, our co-sponsorship of Andy Lodge's lecture on the efforts of the Ngare Sergoi Reserve was a great success. Andy's presentation was very inspirational to both keepers and zoo members alike. Through fundraising efforts of our Chapter, the National Zoo chapter and "passing the hat" after his talk, over $700 was donated to the reserve. Our chapter is very proud of Andy’s commitment to saving not only the black rhino but other endangered African species. Our chapter is now gearing up for two major fundraisers this year. First, we will be setting up parking meters whose proceeds will go towards five elected conservation projects. Secondly, May will keep us busy with Preakness clean-up. We have made an arrangement with Pimlico Race Track to clean up the infield after the Preakness. All aluminum collected will be recycled and this money plus the flat fee for the clean-up will be used to purchase rain forest land. Below is the newly adopted logo for the Greater Baltimore Chapter. A hotel has been selected for the '91 National Conference. Committees are already starting now to make this a great conference. If you need information on the conference, please contact Suzanne Husband. -Suzanne Husband Chapter Liaison -Kathy Konwin , Chapter Liaison 100 Double Dilemma By Tom Alvarado, D.V.M . Gladys Porter Zoo Brownsville, TX The story of the twin orangutans, born 14 days apart, has always intrigued me. Vivi (bom on 29 October 1987) and Segundo (born on 12 November 1987) were recorded as twins from Susie, a Sumatran orangutan, because she was in possession of both babies when the births were discovered and no other female orangutan showed evidence of recent birth. Twinning days apart has been observed in humans where there is a significant difference in size of the fetuses. The larger fetus physically forces the smaller fetus out of the uterus without inducing "labor". This type of twinning is an extremely rare occurrence in humans, and it had never been reported in orangutans. I first came in contact with the "twins" when they were 6 months old. At that time, they were showing differences in growth rate and physical characteristics such as coat color, body conformation, and facial features. In the summer of 1988, Segundo developed a formula intolerance and was gaining weight poorly. At that time, Segundo was larger that Vivi. Vivi started growing much more rapidly than Segundo and, in my opinion, started to show personality traits and physical features that were remindful of another adult female Sumatran orangutan, Valentine. I started to seriously doubt that the orangutans could be twins, but without a witness to both births, it was difficult to prove. With help from a group of researchers at the National Cancer Institute, who have been working with orangutan genetics for a number of years, I began to investigate the problem. In this photo taken in February of 1988, Segundo and Vivi looked very much like mirror- images of each other. At this time it was assumed that the two were twin siblings. (Photo courtesy of Gladys Porter Zoo) 101 Double Dilemma. Continued We decided to do a genetic analysis of our Sumatran orangutans; similar analyses are performed in human paternity suits. In January 1989, we began collecting blood and skin samples from certain members of our orangutan group. We collected samples from Vivi, Segundo, Susie (alleged mother of twins), Valentine (suspected mother of one of the twins), Fu Manchu (father), Tammy (unrelated female), Feliz (Susie’s most recent baby) and Vic (Valentine's most recent baby). Using a techniques called "DNA fingerprinting", samples of DNA from each of our orangutans were isolated and compared. The DNA molecule is very complex and there are repetitive sequences within a molecule that are unique to each individual; every individual also has some sequences inherited from parents. In this technique, the DNA is first extracted from the samples and purified. Enzymes are then added to break the DNA into fragments of varying lengths. These fragments are then separated into specific length groups, using a technique called gel electrophoresis. Certain sized fragments are then chemically treated in such a manner as to cause each normally double-stranded DNA fragment to become "unzipped" into two long single strands. A radioactive material, called a probe, is then added; it bonds with certain specific sequences of chemicals found in the DNA strand and not with others. Certain chemical sequences that have interacted with the probe can be made visible on film because of the radioactive nature of the probe. The pattern looks something like the bar codes used to identify items at the grocery store. The band pattern produced is as unique as a set of fingerprints. After weeks of testing, the verdict was turned in. The data indicated that Vivi and Segundo are not twins. With this information, we were able to piece together the circumstances of the births of Vivi and Segundo. As the "twins" grew, they began to display not only marked physical differences but also personality characteristics which led Dr. Alvarado to begin investigation of their lineage using a process called ’DNA fingerprinting". (Photo courtesy of Gladys Porter Zoo) 102 Double Dilemma. Continued Sometime during the night of 29 October 1987, Valentine gave birth to Vivi. At some point during the night, Susie, pregnant herself, took the baby from Valentine and never returned it. Susie probably was not lactating fully at that time, the baby did poorly and was removed for hand-rearing. Two weeks later, Susie gave birth to Segundo. At this time, Vivi and Segundo are doing well and can be seen at the Children's Zoo. Susie had a female baby, Feliz, on 23 December 1989. The baby had to be removed for hand- rearing and is presently living with a young male Sumatran orangutan at the Audubon Zoological Park in New Orleans. Valentine had a male baby, Vic, on 5 February 1989. Valentine is being an excellent mother and she and her baby can be seen on the orangutan island. (Editor's note: The above is reprinted from Gladys Porter ZOO NEWS (Vol. 19, No. 3, Issue 3, 1989) published by The Valley Zoological Society, Brownsville, TX, with permission of the author. Husbandry Hint. Reprinted, from TIGERTALK, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC - January 1990 - Margie Gibson, editor HUNGRY FOR CRICKETS? Feeding crickets to the Zoo's small mammals was problematic because the animals either feasted on an overabundant supply when they were first fed, or the crickets would hop away before the animals found the tasty insects. Solution? Dispense the crickets gradually through a specially-designed cricket feeder! Bill Xanten, collection manager, is trying the idea out in the Small Mammal House. He has been looking for small, attractively -shaped logs that he sends to the Zoo's cabinet shop where Zoo carpenters transform them into cricket feeders. According to cabinet shop foreman Wayne Callender, the log is split in half, hollowed out, and the top inch or so sliced off. The top is re-attached so it can swivel back and forth over the hollowed out section and act as a lid to keep the crickets in. Small holes, varying in size, are drilled at irregular spots throughout the length of the log so the insects (mealworms have also been used) can crawl out. So far, brothers Bruce and Harry Miller in the cabinet shop have made about six feeders, four of which have found their way into the dwarf mongoose and pygmy, black-tailed and Geoffrey marmoset enclosures. Xanten is experimenting temporarily with the other two feeders in various exhibits to see which animals make the best use of the logs. About twice a week the feeder-logs, which blend in with the greenery in the enclosures and look like any old branch, are stocked with crickets. Xanten explains, "The animals hang around the logs, watching for the insects. They're never sure which hole a cricket will crawl out of." Since the holes are different sizes, the marmosets and dwarf mongooses can probe inside with their diminutive paws and the shrews poke their long noses into the bigger holes, searching for insects. And because the residents of the Small Mammal House work harder to catch their food, they're more active and interesting to watch. 103 Discovery Intensifies Commitment to the Environment - Network Goes 'Green' for the 1990s On the verge of a new decade destined to be remembered for its focus on global environmental issues, The Discovery Channel (TDC) is committing its extensive programming, public relations, marketing and educational resources to make the public aware of the precarious state of the earth's ecology. Discovery officially launches its new environmental initiative in March 1990 when the network examines the state of the world's oceans through two world premieres, The Blue Revolution (a TDC international co-production) and Black Tide (a TDC original production). The Blue Revolution, an eight-hour series, looks at how the oceans have affected our history, economics, literature and science. It concludes with a program that offers a report card on the health of the world's seas. Black Tide, a one-hour special, will examine oil spills around the world using the Exxon Valdez accident of a year ago as a foundation. Airing on the anniversary of the Valdez disaster, this powerful program will be followed by a one-hour "town meeting" that puts the aftermath of the Valdez mishap into perspective. An acquired two-hour series titled Sea of Slaughter, which airs during the weeks of 5-12 March, details game and wildlife devastation in Canada and the northern Atlantic. Combined with Black Tide and The Blue Revolution, Sea of Slaughter will complete Discovery’s comprehensive examination of the current state of the world's oceans. Also in March TDC will launch a new programming feature titled, Green Alert, which will appear during programs that carry an implicit environmental message. The Green Alert will put an environmental context around many TDC documentaries by adding a layer of information during the program that sharpens the message being delivered. The update will be presented through a variety of techniques that will enhance the content of the program. The objective of providing this "value-added" information is to help viewers better understand the environmental relevance of core TDC programs. April marks the 20th anniversary of Earth Day which was set up to develop awareness of the environmental state of our planet. TDC will inaugurate its Earth Day awareness campaign on 5 April with the premiere of a seven-hour series titled Planet Earth. This series will take a close look at the geology, and geography of the planet as it relates to man's dependence on natural resources. The on 20 April, TDC will launch a three-hour miniseries by Paul and Ann Ehrlich titled Earth. This series provides a comprehensive report card on the environmental issues facing the planet and the prospects and conditions for its survival. These episodes air over the weekend of 20 April at 8:00 p.m. (ET). To launch Science and Technology Week on 22 April, which coincides with the official anniversary of Earth Day, TDC will devote Discovery Sunday solely to environmental issues. The final hour of Earth will kickoff the evening at 8:00 p.m., followed by a special report to be announced at 9:00 p.m. (ET), and concluding with the final episode of Blue Revolution at 10:00 p.m. Looking to the future, TDC will carry environmental themes each month to compliment its other programming genres. May will feature primates and big cats; June, TDC's 5th anniversary, will feature endangered species; July looks at sharks in Shark Week III. Other environmental series will be announced for July, August and September during the first quarter of 1990. TDC will also seek to couple its efforts with partners such as World Wildlife Fund and National Wildlife Federation and others to expand the support for numerous environmental causes. ® 104 Book Review Mammalian Dispersal Patterns: The Effects of Social Structure on Population Genetics Edited by B. Diane Chepko-Sade and Zuleyma Tang Halpin University of Chicago Press 1987: Chicago & London 342 pgs. $19.95 paper/$55.00 cloth Review by Kathy Clark Zoo Attendant I Metroparks Zoos Boston, MA Mammalian Dispersal Patterns is a collection of papers based upon a symposium given in 1984 by the American Society of Zoologists. The symposium-and the resulting book-was a collaborative effort of anthropologists, population geneticists, behaviorists and zoologists, who joined to discuss their theoretical work and practical application of population genetics and mammalian dispersal. The book is divided into five parts, including an introduction by William Sheilds of the State University of New York. Sheilds provides a useful overview of the information provided within the text as well as an invaluable set of terms and standardized definitions that make reading this volume and similar works much more clear. The other sections of Mammalian Dispersal Patterns are: Empirical studies of dispersal in populations with known individuals, Dispersal Patterns and Genetic Structure, Demography, Dispersal Patterns and Genetic Structure, and Mathematical Models of Population Structure. A basic background in genetics as well as-a good math background will provide an "easier read" and utilization of this book, but it is not essential. Much information can be gleaned from its various chapters that deal with empirical studies of dispersal patterns, mating systems and population structure. Of particular interest to those in the zoo keeping field is a paper by Alan Templeton, as well as the concluding chapter by Chepko-Sade et. al. Templeton's work, entitled "Inferences on Natural Population Structure from Genetic Studies on Captive Mammalian Population", is an extensive study regarding the effects of inbreeding and outbreeding on captive populations. Chepko-Sade et. al. provides a unifying ending to the volume, and how many of the ideas contained therein can be practically studied and applied. While the more mathematically inclined might have an easier time with this chapter, a great deal of information is still contained regarding maintaining genetic diversity in both wild and captive stock. Mammalian Dispersal is not intended for light reading, but is rather a good research guide with thought-provoking facts and theories from different disciplines. 105 AAZK Keeper Training Video Tape Project The goal of the AAZK Keeper Training Video Tape Project is to produce quality video tape training programs suitable to supplement existing in-house training of entry level keepers. These tapes are not intended to be a complete training program in themselves. All proceeds generated from the sale of training tapes will be used to finance production of future training tapes. Two tapes are currently available. Zoo Keeper Safety Attitude Adjustment - This 18-minute program does not attempt to address the numerous variable specifics of this subject. It presents a safety approach to the job of zoo keeping, and promotes constant awareness and personal responsibility for safety. A Zoo Keener's Introduction to Feeds and Feeding - A half-hour introduction to the complex subject of feeds and feeding of zoo animals. Topics covered include what, when, and where to feed. AAZK Keeper Training Video Tape Purchase Agreement Responsibilities and Restrictions of the Buyer 1) The tape may not be duplicated or made available to any person or institution for the purpose of duplication. 2) The tape may not be utilized for any commercial purpose. 3) Should the buyer decide the tape will not be useful to their train- ing program, the undamaged tape may be returned within 14 days of receipt for a partial refund - $10 for BETA and VHS, $18 for 3/4-inch. For orders shipped outside USA please add $5.00 for postage and insurance. I, the undersigned, accept the responsibility for the restrictions listed above. Name: (type or print) Signature: Date: Organization/Institution: Shipping Address: City: State: Zip: Telephone: ( ) ______ Tape Title: — Format: BETA VHS 3/4 INCH $25 $25 $35 Make checks payable to: ' AAZK " Mail To: Training Videotapes, AAZK Administrative Offices, 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606. Reflections on Rhum Part 2 Robert Berghaier, Senior Keeper Philadelphia Zoological Society Philadelphia, PA Our typical days on Rhum would start with breakfast at 6:00 a.m. We would then gather our gear and start hiking up into the rugged southeast corner of the island. Most of Rhum is a boggy moor; however, a trail system allowed us decent hiking. It would usually take us two hours to climb to 2000 feet. Most of the larger shearwater colonies were located at this level, along the steep slopes of three mountains. Our grids for population counts were set up in this area. Each grid was measured out with string in 10 x 100 meters, with ten, 10x10 meter sections. Some grids were laid out horizontally across the slopes, while others ran vertically up the sides. Within each section of the grid every burrow was counted. Burrows were considered either as occupied (having droppings or feathers along the front or sides) or unoccupied (burrows not having the signs found at the occupied burrows). Totals of each section and grid were noted. The four corners of each grid were marked with a metal stake. This would allow future teams to plot out our original grid and replicate a burrow count to see if the shearwater numbers in that grid had changed. This method would provide a means to monitor shearwater population trends for the future. Dr. Furness selected grid sites that were located at the edge of colonies, with the idea that change would be most evident at the fringe rather than at the center. Our team set up a dozen grids. A few were situated on slopes of 50-60 degrees in steepness. Moving up and down those transects after climbing for several hours to reach them did tax one's endurance. The preliminary data count seems to show that the shearwater population on Rhum is larger than first expected. However, it is also concentrated in a smaller area of the island. Occasionally we managed to pull a shearwater out of its burrow to measure and band it. Shearwater burrows are several feet in length and often weave around boulders. Bernie was very adept at using a snare or his arms to reach in a burrow to snag a bird. Nearly all shearwaters captured were found to have brooding patches on their stomaches. This was a sign that they were sitting on eggs. This seemed to show that egg production was at high levels. After banding, birds were returned to their burrows. Our team was also expected to record the presence and condition of any dead shearwaters that we found. The condition of the carcasses provided clues as to how the birds died. Shearwaters have several predators. Peregrine falcons are probably the most common; however, recently introduced white-tailed sea eagles may be preying heavily on shearwaters. The sea eagles were eliminated in Rhum and the rest of Scotland at the turn of the century. Several years of releasing captive-reared fledglings have produced an adult population which is starting to nest and lay eggs. The eagles seem to be another Rhum reintroduction success story. Shearwater carcasses that were found plucked and with most of the breast meat removed were considered to have been killed by birds of prey. Most remains that we found consisted of birds who starved to death, or were killed by rats or deer(!), after becoming wedged in rocks. Shearwaters are built to soar over the waves and not built to land easily on the earth. When returning to their burrows they can get their long wings caught between rocks or damage themselves while landing. This makes them easy prey for rats or deer. It is theorized that the deer are attracted to the shearwater burrow because of a lush growth of grass that carpets the more dense colonies. This growth is the result of the fertilizer provided by the shearwaters habit of defecating outside of its burrow's entrance. If the deer find a stranded shearwater, they will eat the bird since their normal grazing on Rhum is poor in nutrients. Before Dr. Furness' study was undertaken, it was suspected that herring gulls might be heavy predators of shearwaters. After our team and following Earthwatch groups teased through hundreds of discarded gull feeding pellets it was found that rats form their main prey. 107 Reflections on Rhum. Part 2. Continued Shearwaters often contribute to their own demise by their constant burrow digging. Shearwaters are attracted to large colonies of their kind. As more birds burrow at heavily used sites, the soil in such areas becomes unstable. Rocks will shift, crushing birds in their burrows, or entire sections of colonies will be washed out by heavy rains. While setting up our grid system we saw lots of evidence of this process. We often worked through abandoned areas that contained loose sandy soil which made it difficult even for us not to slide downhill. Our team's work schedule was tied to the unpredictable character of Rhum's weather. The ocean's influence on Rhum provided: quick weather changes. We did not go up into the mountains if the weather was rainy or cloudy. Being caught on such open slopes with a hard rain or poor visibility due to fog would be hazardous. Because of the open character of Rhum's moors of tussock and heather, their was very little shelter from the wind or sun. However, whenever the winds died down in the lower elevations, that scourge of the northern latitudes-midges-would appear. These tiny flies produce a painful bite. If I had any part of my face or hands exposed without insect repellent, the midges quickly produced little lumps. I began to look forward to windy, cloudy days. On days with poor weather, we hiked to various areas of the island to look for shearwater colonies or the birds remains. This gave us an excellent opportunity to observe the island's wildlife. We spotted grey and harbor seals and one otter. Our group spotted dozens of species of birds; golden and sea eagles, loons, curlews, red grouse, and golden plover. Along the cliffs offshore were gannets, shags, gullimonts, razor bills, redbrested mergansers, and greylag geese. I spotted some 60 species of birds in all. We saw hundreds of red deer, some on slopes so steep I wondered if they were part mountain goat. The deer of Rhum have no natural predators. Two factors limit their numbers. The first is the hard winters of Rhum; the second is hunting. Hunting on Rhum is strictly controlled through the 'stalker' system. The stalker is a professional hunter who is trained to selectively cull older or sickly deer from the herd. The stalker will also guide hunters who pay for the privilege to hunt deer. This form of hunting simulates natural predation. This is in marked contrast to deer hunting in North America where only trophy-sized males are killed or other deer are culled at random. All monies obtained from venison sales, hides and hunting fees go back into operating Rhum. When the stalker system was explained to me, one thought occurred to me-wolves! Rhum may be the only area in the United Kingdom where wolves could be reintroduced. The island is large enough to have a viable population, and isolated enough to prevent wolf escapes to the mainland. An ample prey base exists in both wild goats and deer. Dr. Furness at first scoffed at the idea; however, we later discussed whether the shearwaters would be affected. Bob felt that nesting shearwaters would provide a temporary bonanza for a large predator, but wolves probably would not limit their numbers. Laughton Johnson told me that a British University team had actually already proposed the idea. He personally felt that such a project is years away, if it would ever be tried at all. Wolves would, of course, seriously affect the Red Deer project, many of whose subjects we saw. Since these deer have bright plastic collars or ear tags on them, to facilitate identification, it is easy to differentiate them from their unstudied neighbors. We also got to see the feral herds of domestic animal resident on Rhum. The Rhum ponies are the most strictly controlled. These medium-sized ponies are descendents of Scandinavian stock. Every year they are rounded up during deer stalking season. The adults are used as pack animals to carry deer carcasses while the foals are sold off. The shaggy, reddish and long-horned highland cattle are left nearly unmanaged. The only exception to this is the selling of calves if the herd's numbers reach a certain level. Laughton believes that the presence of the cattle herd improved the grazing of the moors. Since cattle are unselective feeders, unlike deer, they remove heather and tussock and thereby allow more nutritious grasses to grow. The goats are surely the wildest in both their lack of management and looks. Some of the longhaired and horned males looked more like markhor than the descendents of domestic 108 Reflections on Rhum. Part 2. Continued goats. When the Nature Conservancy first took over Rhum one of their first projects was to destroy these animals. Goats are usually thought of as being fatal to island ecosystems, and Rh urn's population was considered no exception. Several attempts to eliminate them were tried. All failed due to the wariness of the goats, and their ability to take refuge on the sheer sea-facing cliffs of the island. It was then decided to study the ecology of the Rhum goats. It was found that the animals will probably never become a real problem since their numbers are limited by the hard Rhum winters. Rhum's goats originated from Mediterranean stock which give birth during the months of January and February. While these months in the Mediterranean have mild weather, in Rhum they are cruel times of snow and cold. Few kids survive and the numbers of goats stay nearly the same year after year. Our exploratory hikes sometimes became almost forced marches, but we got to see nearly every corner of Rhum. The scenery was spectacular along the shore. There were high cliffs, caves and rocky beaches. One beach contained pieces of a hard quartz-like rock called Blood Stone. It has a blue-green color with red flecks contained throughout it. It easily breaks and can be sharpened into a cutting edge or point. It was used by Neolithic man for spear and arrow points. The source of the rock was Bloodstone Hill which was made entirely of the mineral. During the course of one hike we discovered that one hill, Fionchra, which was identified by air as having large shearwater colonies, did not show any signs of ever being occupied by the birds. Furness determined from this that the 50's survey was very inaccurate. From the tops of Rhum's mountains on a clear day we could see the Isle of Skye and the Scottish mainland. The views were breathtaking, especially from the high peaks in the southeast. Climbing in this section taxed our hiking abilities during the day. We were also to undertake some night trips to this area to band shearwaters. Shearwaters are at their most vulnerable when they return from feeding at sea and attempt to reach their burrows. Their inability to move when they first land on the ground provides an ideal opportunity to collect birds for banding. This part of the project turned out to be the most fascinating part of the two-week stay. We would set out from the castle at 10 p.m., while it was still light, to hike to Kate Thompson's camp at the foot of Hallival. Due to Rhum's location in the northern latitudes (Rhum is further north than Moscow) it did not get dark until nearly midnight. It took about an hour and a half to reach the site. By now it was dark and the shearwaters would be arriving in an hour or so. We sat around, caught our breath, and had some tea and biscuits (cookies). I also tried to take a brief nap in spite of the cold. At midnight we climbed again for about a half hour, using flashlights. During the final climb we reached the main concentration of borrows on Hallival. On the way up we could hear the shearwaters, who had been left with the eggs, cooing. It is speculated that the sound helps guide their partner to the right burrow. Occasionally a whizzing sound would occur overhead. That was the sound of the shearwaters flying low, trying to judge the approximate location of their nesting burrow. Sometimes a dull thud would be heard. That was the sound made by a landing bird. These sounds at first were sporadic. They seemed to be muffled by the light mist covering the slopes of Hallival. Our first night climb took place on a cloudless night so our visibility for hiking was adequate. That was, however, not ideal conditions for the shearwaters. Only a few birds, probably several hundred, were trying to land where we set up our banding station. We were told that the shearwaters would be easy to catch once they hit the ground. However, everytime we tried to snatch one up it would quickly push itself into a nearby hole or rock crevice. Some even managed to fly off just out of our reach. I first tried staying quietly behind a rock, trying to grab any birds that landed nearby. That technique got me one capture at first, but none followed. All the rest just managed to elude my grasp. We all became frustrated, except Gary. Being a bird keeper must have helped since he developed an effective method for shearwater capture. Gary discovered that if you shone your flashlight into the eyes of a shearwater that had just crash-landed, the bird would remain mesmerized. Then, while keeping the light beam on the eyes, one could climb close to the bird, make a quick grab, and capture it. I tried his method and caught six shearwaters. There were a total of 29 shearwaters caught that night. Gary got all but nine. 109 Reflections on Rhum, Part 2. Continued As we climbed up and down the steep slopes of Hallival the shearwaters continued to arrive. You could hear them flying by just above us but out of sight in the darkness. The sound made as they buzzed overhead is almost indescribable. The closest noise to it in my mind is the sound effect that they use in war movies to depict the sound of incoming artillery shells. The whizzing noise combined with the cooing of thousands of shearwaters in their burrows gave an eerie atmosphere to the entire proceedings. By 3 a.m. the birds stopped arriving and we started back down Hallival to the castle and our beds. On the night on the 4th of June we undertook our second trip for shearwater banding. The previous night banding occurred on a relatively clear night. Other clean nights had followed and the offshore shearwaters who fear such nights, due to a great risk of being picked off by peregrine falcons, stayed at sea. Earlier that day, Bemie showed us flocks of shearwaters, in the thousands, circling off of Rhum's southeast coast. Some of these birds had not come to shore for several days. Their mates, sitting back in the burrows, must have been very hungry. Bernie mentioned that this night's banding could prove very successful. That night we arrived at the main colony concentrations at 12:30 a.m. It was a very misty night. Unlike the last night hike we saw no stars, or lights from the port of Mallaig on the mainland. Already birds were arriving. The cooing, the thuds of landing birds, and that whizzing sound were much louder and more frequent than the previous night. Birds were all over the place. By the beam of a flashlight traversing the sloped, scores of birds could be seen crawling across the ground. Dozens were landing almost constantly around our banding station. As strange as the sounds were last time, they were even more so now. We were rather amazed by all of this activity. Bernie mentioned later that witnessing such a natural phenomenon must have had an almost supernatural effect on more early visitors to Rhum. He speculated that the Viking name given to one of the mountains just to the southwest of the main nesting colonies, Trollaval, may be linked to the shearwaters. Trollaval means "Mountain of the Trolls". One can easily imagine what vikings on a ship offshore of Rhum must have thought after hearing those strange sounds coming from shore on a dark foggy night. This time, using Gary's method, I started catching lots of birds. Sometimes I would bring two or three back to the banding station with me. Gary and I caught so many birds that a backup occurred with the banding team unable to process the ones we caught. For nearly a half hour we took a coffee break until the banders cleared the backlog, with each shearwater carefully weighed, measured, banded and released. One bird that I had brought back was already banded. The team initially thought that it was a shearwater we had just processed. Dr. Furness recorded the number and found out later that this individual had been banded on Rhum 10 years previously. Gary and I caught shearwaters with relative ease until 2 a.m. For the next half hour birds landed sporadically and then not at all. We finished the last of our coffee and started back towards Kinloch and sleep. That morning's work had netted over 130 shearwaters. Later that day we left Rhum. The ferry picked us up in the afternoon. It had three other stops until we reached Mallaig. From the ferry we saw seals, a few puffins, kittiwakes, eider ducks, gullimonts, and other seabirds. We also saw several flocks of shearwaters. I imagined, fancifully perhaps, that some of these birds might be the same ones whose burrows we counted, or individuals that we banded. As the flock turned in unison over the waves you would see black, then white, black and then white again. For information on Earth watch, write to: EARTHWATCH 10 Junipur Road, Box 127 Belmont, MA 02178 (617) 489-3030 110 CHAPTER AND REGIONAL AFFAIRS COMMITTEE Director of Chapter and Regional Affairs Committee - Bill Whittaker, Toledo Zoo, 2700 Broadway, Toledo, OH 43609. (419) 385-5721 Ext. 251. Home address: 10740 Obee Rd., Whitehouse, OH 43571. (419) 381-0377 (h). Assist. Directors- Colleen Kinzley (west) {312} 485- 0263 Ext. 489 [w]; {312} 528-8412 [h] and Nancy Pintavalli (east) {614} 645-3400 [w]; {614} 766- 6475 [h]. REGIONAL COORDINATORS Elandra Aum, Woodland Park Zoo, 5500 Phinney Ave. N., Seattle, WA 98103 {206} 625-2244 [w] for the States of WA, OR (North Pacific Coast) Celeste Northrop, San Diego Zoo, P.O. Box 551, SanDiego, CA 92112 for Southern California and Southern Nevada [South Pacific Coast] David Luce, Fresno Zoo, 892 W. Belmont, Fresno, CA 93728 (209) 488-1549 [w] for Mid-California [South Pacific Coast] VACANCY for the States of ID, MT, WY (North Mountain) John Turner, Denver Zoo, 23rd St. & Steele, City Park, Denver, CO 80205 for the States of UT & CO, (South Mountain) Ed Hansen, Reid Park Zoo, 1100 S. Randolph Way, Tucson, AZ 85716 for the States of AZ & NM [South Mountain] Carla Wieser, Omaha's Henry Doorly Zoo, 10th St. & Deer Park Blvd., Omaha, NE 68107 for the states of NE & LA (North Plains) Wendy Davis, Lake Superior Zoo, 7210 Fremont St., Duluth, MN 55807 for the States of MN & IA (North Plains) Steve Tigges, Tulsa Zoological Park, 5701 E. 36th St. North, Tulsa, OK 74115 for the States of KS, OK, MO, AR (Central Plains) Debbie Jackson, Little Rock Zoological Gardens, #1 Jonesboro Dr., Little Rock, AR 72205 for the State of AR (Central Plains) Rick Smith, ( St. Louis Zoo), 6316 Washington Ave., University City, MO 63130 (mailing address) for the State of MO (Central Plains) Joanna Ameson, Lee Richardson Zoo, P.O. Box 499, Garden City, KS 67846 for the State of KS (Central Plains) Ann Marie Greco, San Antonio Zoo, 3903 N. St. Mary's St., San Antonio, TX 78212 for the States of TX and LA (South Plains) Joe Rindler, Columbus Zoo, 9990 Riverside Dr., Box 400, Columbus, OH 43065 for the States of OH and KY [Great Lakes Region) Colleen Kinzley, Brookfield Zoo, 3300 Golf Road, Brookfield, IL 60513 {312} 485-0263 Ext. 489 [w] for the States of IL and WI (Great Lakes Region) {312} 528-8412 [h] Lee Williams, Detroit Zoo, P.O. Box 39, Royal Oak, MI 48068 for the States of MI and IN (Great Lakes Region) Alan Baker, Burnet Park Zoo, 500 Burnet Park Dr., Syracuse, NY 13204 AND Mark Hofling, Bronx Zoo, 185th St. & Southern Blvd., Bronx, NY 10460 (212) 220-7115 {w} (212) 543-2753 {h} AND Jeannette Nadeau, Roger Williams Park Zoo, Elmwood Ave., Providence, RI 02905 for the States of ME, NY, VT, NH, MA, CT, and RI (North Atlantic Coast) Jon Brangan, Virginia Zoological Park, 3500 Granby St., Norfolk, VA 23504 {804} 441-2374 [w] {804} 625-0272 [h] for the States of PA, NJ, DE, MD, VA. WVA & DC (Mid- Atlantic Coast) Michelle Herman, Jackson Zoological Park, 2918 W. Capitol St., Jackson, MS 39209 for the States of TN and MS (South Atlantic Coast) Fred Alvey, Zoo Atlanta, 800 Cherokee Ave. S.E., Atlanta, GA 30315 for the States of GA and AL (South Atlantic Coast) VACANCY for the States of NC and SC (South Atlantic Coast) Betty Grogan, Jacksonville Zoological Park, P.O. Box 26767, Jacksonville, FL 332218 AND Tami Ryf, Dreher Park Zoo, 1301 Summit Blvd., West Palm Beach, FL 33405 AND Mary Mure, Metrozoo, 12400 S.W. 152nd St., Miami, FL 33177 for the State of Florida VACANCY for the State of Alaska Dan Vitiello, Honolulu AAZK Chapter, Honolulu Zoo, 151 Kapahulu Ave., Honolulu, HI 96815 for the State of Hawaii Terry Male, Metro Toronto Zoo, Box 280, West Hill, Ontario, Canada MlE 4R5 for the Province of Ontario, Canada Bob Debets, Assiniboine Park Zoo, 2355 Corydon Ave., Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3P OR5 for the Provinces of Manitoba and Saskatchewan, Canada & [204] 837-1635 [h] States of ND and SD Dean Treichel, Valley Zoo, Box 3259, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T5J 2R7 for the Provinces of Alberta and British Columbia, Canada(403) 483-5525 [w] Chantal Routhier, Granby Zoo, 347 Rue Bourget, Granby, Quebec, Canada J2G 1E8 for the Province of Quebec 111 ®AAZK Diet Notebook Mammals, Volume 1 The AAZK Diet Notebook, Mammals - - Volume 1 contains approximately 325 diets representing 213 species and subspecies from fourteen participating institutions. The diets are arranged by taxonomic order using ISIS numbers in a durable and attractive three- ring binder. Each Diet Response Form included in Volume 1 contains the following information: common name, scientific name, ISIS number, the contributing individual, their institution and its address, how long the diet has been used, whether the animals have bred while on the diet, the diet ingredients, instructions for preparation, notes and remarks, special considerations and nutritional analysis (if available). The Diet Notebook is a copyrighted publication of the American Association of Zoo Keepers, Inc., and may be ordered by filling out the following form and sending it, along with a check or money order (U.S. FUNDS ONLY) made payable to ’ AAZK Diet Notebook" to: Diet Notebook Order, AAZK, 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606 U.S. A. Cost of the Diet Notebook is as follows: 1) AAZK Members $40.00; 2) Non-members $55.00; 3) Institutions $70.00. These prices represent prepaid order prices and include postage for the U.S. and Canada. Those placing orders from overseas should contact AAZK Administrative Offices, 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606 for additional postage charges. Please allow 4-6 weeks for delivery. 2s*- a1*- V 2s*- 2*- 2s*- 2s*- 2s*- 2s*- 2s*- 2s*- 2s*- 2s*- 2s*- 2s*- 2s*- 2s*- 2s*- 2s*- 2s*- AAZK DIET NOTEBOOK ORDER FORM I wish to order ■■ copy (ies) of the AAZK Diet Notebook, (check one) AAZK Member __ Non-Member Institution . Total amount enclosed: $ Name: - _ Address: . City: State/Province: Zip/Postal Code: . Telephone: ____ ALL ORDERS MUST BE PREPAID 112 Limited Number of 1989 Conference Proceedings Available for Sale If you have not already ordered your copy of the Proceedings from the 1989 AAZK National Conference held inSyracuse, NY, there are a limited number of copies available following the pre-order mailing. These will be sold on a first come, first served basis. To order, fill out the form below and return to AAZK Administrative Offices, 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606. Cost is $7.00 for AAZK members, $12.00 for non-members. Orders outside the U.S. and Canada should add $3.00 extra per copy for postage costs. Papers published in the 1989 Proceedings include: The Animal Data Transfer Form • Update: Zoo Infant Development Project • Gummivory: It's Significance and Potential Use in Captive Wildlife • Techniques Used in the Hand-Rearing and Subsequent Reintroduction to Her Mother of a Lowland Gorilla • Hand-Rearing, Growth and Development of Fisher • Zoo Atlanta's Search for the Red Ape • Management and Breeding of the Southern White Rhinoceros • Quarantine and Acclimatization of Bee-Eaters at the San Diego Zoo • Bull Asian Elephant Facility at Dickerson Park Zoo • Hand-Raising Scarlet Ibis • Neonatal Growth Weights in Guenther's Dik Dik • The Making of a Zoo-The Newark Mini Zoo • Research in Natural Habitat Enclosures at the Duke University Primate Center • Introduction of a Male Colobus to an Existing all-Male Group • Behavior and Management of Small Deer at the San Diego Zoo • Waste Reduction Program at Metropolitan Toronto Zoo • The Use of Ultrasound in Managing a Breeding Colony of Galago • Keeper Personality Survey • A Tropical Renaissance: It’s All in a Day's Work • Husbandry Notebooks and Unit Procedures • Rain Forest Husbandry at the National Aquarium in Baltimore • Brookfield Zoo Intern Program • Developing Educational Shows with Available Animals and Staff • M.A.Z.E.-Magnet Assisted Zoo Education • and The Creation and Operation of a Native Hummingbird Exhibit. Also included in the Proceedings are An Overview of the 1989 Meeting of the AAZK Board of Directors • A Synopsis of the Australasian RAP Session • and the handout materials from a workshop on "A Simple Method for Primate Cycle Evaluations". 1989 Conference Proceedings Order Form I wish to order copy (ies) AAZK Member Non-Member ($7.00 each) ($12.00 each) Orders outside U.S. and Canada add $3.00 per copy for postage. TOTAL ENCLOSED $ Name: Address: — - — — __________ — _ State/Province: Phone: _____ City: Zip/Postal Code: Opportunity Knocks Institutions wishing to advertise employment opportunities are asked to send pertinent data by the 15th of each month to: Opportunity Knocks IAKF. 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606. Please include closing dates for positions available. There is no charge for this service and phone-in listings of positions which become available close to deadline are accepted. Phone (913) 272-5821 Ext. 31; FAX (913) 272-2539. INTERNSHIPS. ..two Keeper positions. Ten-week internship during summer of 1990 (dates flexible). Stipend of $600.00 provided by the Friends of the Salisbury Zoo and Zoo Commission. Will work under general curator or lead keeper. Written inquiries only. Those interested should provide the names of three references and apply in their own handwriting, regarding personal background. Send to: Donald D. Bridgwater, Director, Salisbury Zoological Park, P.O. Box 3163, Salisbury, MD 21802. MAMMAL KEEPER. ..to work in the Carnivore, Small Mammal and Australian sections. Daily responsibilities include animal care and maintenance, daily record keeping and interactions with the education staff and the public. Two (2) years experience desirable. Salary commensurate with experience. Please send resume and statement of interest by 15 March 1990 to: Personnel Department, Brookfield Zoo, 3300 Golf Road, Brookfield, IL 60513. ANIMAL KEEPER. ..a,t Baltimore Zoo. Salary $15,000-$17,000. Each candidate must have one year paid experience in the care and handling of a variety of animals, excluding pets; or 6 months experience in the care and handling of animals in a zoological institution or have a bachelor's degree from an accredited college or university in biology, zoology, animal science, or veterinary technology. Under the direct supervision of a Senior Keeper and/or Curator. Send resume to: Personnel Department, Baltimore Zoo, Druid Hill Park, Baltimore, MD 21217. VETERINARY TECHNIC I AN. ..requires a degree as a Veterinary Technician or Animal Health Technician and/or valid license or be eligible for a New York State license. Prefer some exotic animal experience with background of native wild animal care. Salary commensurate with experience and qualifications. Send cover letter and resume to: Kimberly G. Davidson, General Curator, Utica Zoo, Steele Hill Road, Utica, NY 13501. EOE. The following two positions are available at Soco Gardens Zoo. Resume should be sent by 15 April 1990 to: Soco Gardens Zoo, Rt. 1, Box 355, Maggie Valley, NC 28751. SEASONAL ZOOKEEPER-GXJIDE. ..several positions available May-October (or, per school schedules). Good opportunity for those desiring PAID zoo experience. Requires high school diploma. Prefer persons with some experience in the care of small and large mammals. Good communications skills and neat appearance essential. Duties include cleaning of exhibits, feeding and caring for small and large mammals and talking to groups. Salary $175.00 per week. Lodging, utilities and uniforms furnished. ZOO & REPTILE KEEPER... requires high school diploma. Some zoo experience prefered. Good communication skills and neat appearance essential. Must be able to talk to groups. Other duties include the care and feeding of small and large mammals and a reptile collection, cleaning of exhibits and some construction. Starting salary $12,870 per year plus health insurance. HEAD KEEPER... monthly salary $1744-$2120, benefits to include City-paid PERS; no Social Security tax deduction. Under direction, plans, supervises, coordinates, and participates in the care and management of animals; the maintenance, repair and construction of facilities; and various activities specific to the Zoo Division. Desirable qualifications for education and experience are four (4) years of progressively responsible experience in zoo operation/animal care including some supervisory experience, and graduation from a two-year community college with an emphasis in a related field. 114 Opportunity Knocks. Continued Graduation from a four-year college or university with a major in a related field is desirable. Any combination of experience and education that could likely provide the required knowledge and abilities is qualifying. Application forms and a complete job description may be obtained from City of Eureka, Personnel Office, 531 K Street, Room 102, Eureka, CA 95501, (707) 443-7331, Ext. 254; FAX (707) 442-3989. Final filing date is 13 April, 1990 at noon. Resumes are encouraged, but must be accompanied by an official city application. EOE. BIRD KEEPER... requires high school diploma and one year's experience in a zoological institution caring for and handling a variety of birds. Raptor experience would be helpful but not required. Salary $15,726-$! 9,063. Contact City of Springfield Personnel Dept., at (417) 864-1607 or write them at 830 Boonville Ave., Springfield, MO 65802 for an application. Closing date is 31 March 1990. AVICULTURIST...reamres a Bachelor's degree in zoology and/or experience in caring for an avian collection at a zoological park. Duties will include daily care and management of a significant bird collection; propagation program planning; regular reporting; and some writing. Location: St. Catherine's Island Wildlife Survival Center near Savannah, GA. Salary: Commensurate with experience, includes attractive fringe benefits package. Send resume to: Angelo Monaco, Personnel Manager, NY Zoological Society, 185th St. and Southern Blvd., Bronx, NY 10460. ANIMAL KREPER/EL/EPHANT&...pTefeT experience in care and handling of elephants. Degree in biological sciences desirable. Salary $9.89 to $11. 39/hr. plus excellent benefits. Send resume by 31 March 1990 to: Personnel Dept., Cleveland Metroparks System, 4101 Fulton Parkway, Cleveland, OH 44144. For questions contact Ken Pekarek, Mammal Supervisor/Head Keeper at (216) 661-6500. ZOOKEEPER...the Minnesota Zoological Gardens is currently accepting applications to establish an eligible list for Zookeeper vacancies. These positions require professional experience in the zoo and aquarium field (related experience and education applicable) with demonstrated experience in zoo animal management, feeds and feeding, animal health, zoo exhibition, human relations skills, and zoo concepts. Salary $20,066- $25, 098/year. Interested candidates should contact Terri Johnson, Minnesota Zoological Garden, at (612) 431-9219 to receive a job announcement and application. EOE. COMMISSARY MANAGER. ..responsible for inventory, stocking food and supplies for entire zoological collection. Supervisory and interpersonal skills preferred. Salary range $14,000-$21,500. Resume to Richard M. Hurst, Director of Human Resources, Indianapolis Zoo, 1200 W. Washington St., Indianapolis, IN 46222. ANIMAL KEEPERS... the Zoological Society of Philadelphia has several openings for Animal Keepers to work with Mammals, Reptiles and Birds. Positions will be filled at the Apprentice level, however, all applicants must possess the following minimum qualifications, including high school diploma or equivalency exam and a minimum of 1 year experience with captive animals. Prefer college degree in biology or related field. Must have good writing, verbal and recordkeeping skills, and the desire to expand knowledge of husbandry and captive animal handling; ability to work with a variety of animals and a flexible work schedule. Reptile Keepers must successfully complete poisonous animal handling training within 1 year. General responsibilities include daily care, feeding and health and safety of animals; exhibit cleaning and maintenance; behavior observation and recordkeeping; interacting with visitors. Keepers must be willing to participate in on-going career development and training programs. Annual salary low $20' s with liberal benefits program. Applicants should send professional resume, career goals and 3 letters of recommendation from professional associates to : Personnel Department, Philadelphia Zoo, 34th and Girard, Philadelphia, PA 19104. 115 Opportunity Knocks. Continued WILDLIFE ORPHANAGE CURATOR..needed in Monrovia, Liberia for joint project of Friends of Animals (FoA) and the Republic of Liberia. Just opening orphanage, will be rehabilitation center for eventual release of primates, reptiles, duikers and birds, etc. Responsible for supervising all aspects of the orphanage from physical facility to veterinarian care. Minimum of a bachelor's degree in field biology or its equivalent. Three to five years experience in animal protection, rehabilitation and/or exotic animal husbandry strongly preferred. Salary commensurate with experience. Send resume to FoA do Zephyr Carlyle, 16981 Via Tazon, Suite S, San Diego, CA 92127. ANIMAL KEEPER with Vet Tech experience reqm tree?... duties would include care and feeding of a collection of mammals, birds and reptiles. Applicants should also have experience running fecals, taking blood, giving shots and keeping records. Need a self- starter who will work with a minimum of supervision. Salary commensurate with experience. Send resume to: Vince Hall, Claws 'n Paws Wild Animal Park, R.D. #6, Lake Ariel, PA 18436. Telephone (717) 698-6154. Position open until filled. & AAZK Announces New Professional Members Stephanie Lydon, Walter D. Stone Mem. Zoo (MA) Scott Lockhart, Acadia Zoo (ME) Stefano DeRosa, Central Park Zoo (NY) Marian Duffy-Sykes, Philadelphia Zoo (PA) Oscar Hernandez, Miamo Metrozoo (FL) Debi Talbott, Busch Gardens (FL) Richey Placek, Columbus Zoo (OH) Dino Michalski, Toledo Zoo (OH) Thomas Benner, Toledo Zoo (OH) Tina Sheets, Columbian Park Zoo (IN) Andrea Perry, John Ball Zoo (MI) Susan Wahlgren, Cosley Animal Farm (IL) Tom Mendelson, Scales & Tales Children’s Zoo(IL) Janet Couch, Oklahoma City Zoo (OK) Denise M. Steig, Oklahoma City Zoo (OK) Kristin Zabawa, Los Angeles Zoo (CA) Marla Bronovich, Sea World (CA) Rich Johnson, Pt. Defiance Zoo/Aqua. (WA) Doran Deck, Riverview Park Zoo (Ont.) Cheryl Frederick, Franklin Park Zoo (MA) Scott Grierson, Acadia Zoo (ME) Joseph Krause, Philadelphia Zoo (PA) Steve Cepregi, Philadelphia Zoo (PA) Lauren Corrado, Busch Gardens (FL) Lynn Aderholt, Walt Disney World (FL) John Grigore, Toledo Zoo (OH) David Ross, Toledo Zoo (OH) Robin Wrights, Toledo Zoo (OH) Brian Ballard, John Ball Zoo (MI) Kathy Brown, Blank Park Zoo (IA) Brad Reynolds, Grindstone Valley Zoo (IL) Lyle R. James, Topeka Zoo (KS) Darcy Henthorn, Oklahoma City Zoo (OK) Gary Lee Davidson, Los Angeles Zoo (CA) Joseph Kuhn, Sea World (CA) Lee McDaniel Huggett, C. Paddock Zoo (CA) Bill Liggett, Pt. Defiance Zoo/Aqua. (WA) Robert Smerage, Metro Toronto Zoo (Ont.) Monica Wrobel, Metro Toronto Zoo (Ont.) New Contributing Members Tony Vecchio, Roger Williams Park Zoo, Providence, RI Mike Basel, Fun Safaris, Bloomingdale, IL Renewing Contributing Members Virginia Zoological Society, Inc., Virginia Zoo, Norfolk, VA Friends of the Zoo, Greenville Zoo, Greenville, SC Steven Graham, Detroit Zoological Park, Detroit, MI Calgary Zoological Society, Calgary, Alberta, Canada 116 AAZK Membership Application Name check here if renewal [ ] Address City State/Province Zip □ $30.00 Professional Full-time Keepers □ $25.00 Affiliate Other staff & volunteers □ $25.00 Associate Those not connected with an animal facility □ $20.00 Library Library subscription only Zoo Affiliation (if any) □ $30.00 International All members outside U.S. & Canada regardless of category □ $50.00 or more Contributing Organizations & individuals Zoo Address Mail this application and check or money order (U.S. CURRENCY ONLY PLEASE), made payable to American Association of Zoo Keepers, Inc., to : AAZK Administrative Offices, Topeka Zoo, 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606 U.S.A. Membership includes a subscription to Animal Keepers' Forum. The membership card is good for free admission to many zoos and aquariums in the U.S. and Canada. INFORMATION FOR CONTRIBUTORS Animal Keepers' Forum publishes original papers and news items of interest to the animal keeping profession. Non-members are welcome to submit articles for consideration. Articles should be typed or hand-printed and double-spaced. All illustrations, graphs and tables should be clearly marked, in final form, and should fit in a page size no greater than 6" x 10" (15cm x 25 l/2cm). Literature used should be cited in the text and in final bibliography. Avoid footnotes. Include scientific name of species (as per ISIS) the first time it is used. Thereafter use common name. Black and white photos only accepted. Articles sent to Animal Keepers' Forum will be reviewed for publication. No commitment is made to the author, but an effort will be made to publish articles as soon as possible. Lengthy articles may be separated into monthly installments at the discretion of the editor. The editor reserves the right to edit material without consultation unless approval is requested in writing by the author. Materials submitted will not be returned unless accompanied by a stamped, self-addressed envelope. Telephone or FAX contributions of late-breaking news or last-minute insertions are accepted. However, long articles must be sent by U.S. mail. The phone number is (913) 272-5821 Ext. 31. FAX # is 913-272-2539. DEADLINE FOR EACH EDITION IS THE 15TH. OF THE PRECEDING MONTH Articles printed do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the Animal Keepers' Forum editorial staff or the American Association of Zoo Keepers, Inc. Publication does not indicate endorsement by the Association. Items in this publication may be reprinted providing credit to this publication is given and a copy of the reprinted material is forwarded to the editor. Reprints of material appearing in this journal may be ordered from the editor. PRINTED IN U.S A. mi 0 8 0 * &£ PS* Animal Keepers' Forum April 1990 (WiM Dedicated to Professional Animal Care ANIMAL KEEPERS' FORUM . 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606 Editor-in-Chief: Susan Chan April 1990 Assistant Editor: Alice Miser Volume Seventeen Assistant Editor: Ron Ringer Number Four Animal Keepers:' Forum (ISSN 0164-9531) is a monthly journal of the American Association of Zoo Keepers, Inc., 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606. Five dollars of each membership fee goes toward the annual publication costs of Animal Keepers' Forum . Second Class postage paid at Topeka, KS. Postmaster: Please send address changes to: American Association of Zoo Keepers, Inc. Administrative Offices, 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606 Barbara Manspeaker, Administrative Secretary BOARD OF DIRECTORS Oliver Claffey, Metro Toronto Zoo, Toronto, Ontario, Canada President Bob Debets, Assiniboine Park Zoo, Winnipeg, Manitoba Canada Vice President Frank B. Kohn, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC 20008 Janet McCoy, Washington Park Zoo, Portland, OR 97221 Ed Hansen, Reid Park Zoo, Tucson, AZ 85716 COMMITTEE CHAIRPERSONS - PROJECT HEADS Conference Book Committee Tim Kelly, Assiniboine Park Zoo Awards Committee Jan McCoy, Washington Park Zoo Book Review. Coordinator Rick Emmer, Cleveland Metroparks Zoo Staff Exchange Cynthia Simpson, Brookfield Zoo AAZK.-HistQry-.„Committe.e Art Goodrich, San Diego Zoo Keeper Training & Education (.includes Library Resources, Reference Search, Program Library, and Keeper Training Materials) L.R/R.S. - Marilyn Cole, Metro Toronto K.T.M- Rosemary Jalink, Nat'l Aquarium Research/Grants Committee Susan M. Barnard, Zoo Atlanta Public Education Committee Ellen Bradfield, Zoo Atlanta International Affairs Coordinators - Mona Keith, Calgary Zoo (east) Pam McDougall, Calgary Zoo (west) Conservation. Preservation. Restoration (CPR1 Committee - Bob Debets, Assiniboine Park Zoo Animal Data Transfer Form Bemie Feldman, Burnet Park Zoo AAZK— Liaistm„tfl— AAZlEA/IZE Brint Spencer, Beardsley Zoological Gdns. Keeper Accommodations List Heidi Manicki, Metro Toronto Zoo An Approach to Zookeeping Pat Sammarco, Santa Fe Teaching Zoo Zoo-Infant. Development Project Harmony Frazier-Taylor, Woodland Park Zoo AAZK Manual of Resources Elandra Aum, Woodland Park Zoo Exhibit Design Form Mark de Denus, Assiniboine Park Zoo Public Relations Liaison Tim Kurkowski, Zoo Atlanta Membership Directory Administrative Office Staff Diet-Note book SusanBunn Spencer, Beardsley Zoological Gdns. Biological Values/Gestation Toni Danzig, Greater S. F. Bay Area Chapter Legislative .Advisor John Stoddard, Chicago, IL By-Laws Review Marilyn Cole, Metro Toronto Zoo Zoo/Universitv List Mike Illig, Washington Park Zoo Nominations & Elections David Luce, Fresno Zoo Zoonotic Diseases Notebook Bruce Clark, Toledo Zoo Keeper... Training....Yideotap£ Marilyn Cole, Metro Toronto Zoo/Production Coordinator Order/Distribution Center at AAZK Administrative Offices in Topeka Director of Chapter and Regional Affairs Committee Bill Whittaker, Toledo Zoological Gardens, Toledo, OH Assistant CRAC Directors Colleen Kinzley, Brookfield Zoo and Nancy Pintavalli, Columbus Zoo Individual Regional Coordinators and the states they oversee are listed elsewhere in each issue of AKF. This month 's cover features the Crested Seriema ( Cariama cristata) drawn by Jami Steele a keeper / educator at Six Flags Magic Mountain in Valencia, CA. Seriemas are found in the pampas or grasslands in eastern and central Brazil. They are strong runners and will fly only when pressed. They are omnivores and include snakes as a regular part of their diet. Due to their loud yelping calls, young seriemas are often taken from nests and hand-raised by country people as watch dogs. Thanks, Jami! Chapter Logo Registry Being Updated The Chapter Logo Registry, first completed in December of 1988, is now being updated. This registry, which will be sent to all active AAZK Chapters when completed, is not only an historical record of logos adopted, but also can be used to assist newly formed Chapters in designing their logos without duplicating the designs already adopted by an existing Chapter. Request letters and Chapter Logo Questionnaires have been sent to all Chapters for which we currently do not have a logo on file. Once we have heard from these Chapters, we will put the new logo registry together and hopefully have it out to all Chapters by early summer. The following is a list of Chapters for which we have logos on file: Metropolitan Boston, Roger Williams Park Zoo, Bronx Zoo, Pittsburgh Zoo, Philadelphia Zoo, Greater Baltimore, The Virginia AAZK, North Carolina Chapter, Greenville Zoo, Zoo Atlanta, Jacksonville AAZK, South Florida AAZK, The Smoky Mountain AAZK, Jackson Zoo, Columbus AAZK, Greater Cleveland AAZK, Detroit AAZK, Milwaukee County Zoo, Brookfield Zoo, Flint Hills Chapter, Little Rock Zoo, Riverside Chapter, Central Arizona, Tucson AAZK, Los Angeles Zoo, San Diego AAZK, Greater San Francisco Bay Area AAZK, Honolulu Zoo, Portland AAZK, Assiniboine Park Zoo, Edmonton Chapter AAZK. If your Chapter is not listed above or you are listed and have changed your logo since December 1988, please send us a copy of your new logo along with information on when it was adopted, who was the designer and if the design has particular significance to animals at your zoo, etc. Many thanks for help on this project. Videotape Update By Marilyn Cole, Production Coordinator Metro Toronto Zoo, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Who knows more about animal care than zookeepers— experienced animal care professionals? Who better, then, to develop video training tapes for new keepers than members of AAZK? To date, two have been completed and are available for purchase from Administrative Offices: one on Safety: An Attitude Adjustment and the other on An Introduction to Feeds and Feeding. These were done by Wayne Buchanan of Woodland Park Zoo, Seattle, WA and the AAZK Chapter members of the Metro Toronto Zoo, Toronto, Canada. It's a start, but more keeper training tapes are needed in order to cover the wide range of knowledge required by members of our profession. Don't be afraid of taking on such a project. Within the AAZK membership there is a wealth of practical experience to share. Within every community, production help is available for 117 Scoops & Scuttlebutt Continued the asking. Local cable companies, community colleges, advertising agencies, and even high schools have the equipment and skills to help you, and will respond positively with the right approach. Funding for production costs is available through the AAZK Videotape Project. Make it happen! For further information, contact: Marilyn Cole, Metro Toronto Zoo, Box 280, West Hill, Ontario M1E 4R5, Canada. APT Forms Available Upon Request Animal Data Transfer Forms for zoos and aquariums are available free of charge upon request. This is a service provided by AAZK. Contact: Bernie Feldman, Burnet Park Zoo, 500 Burnet Park Drive, Syracuse, NY 13204. If your facility is not already using the ADT Form, encourage your administration to implement its use whenever an animal is shipped. Elephant Conference T-Shirts SUB. Available. T-shirts from the 1989 Elephant Workshop held in Tulsa are available for $10.00. All sizes are available. Please make checks payable to Tulsa Zoo Friends and send to: Steve Tigges, Tulsa Zoological Park, 5701 E. 36th St. N., Tulsa, OK 74115. From the International Affairs Cwrdi.natQrs AAZK members and Chapters are reminded that we still have a list of foreign keepers who are interested in being sponsored for membership in AAZK. If you or your Chapter are interested in participating in the Foreign Keeper Sponsorship Program contact either Pam MacDougall or Mona Keith at the Calgary Zoo, Box 3036, Station B, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2M 4R8. Qn j^n^ryatiQn?--CQ.n,tagt foe CPfi Committee If you have questions concerning AAZK’s conservation activities you are advised to contact Bob Debets, Chairman of the Conservation, Preservation and Restoration Committee (CPR). Bob is at the Assiniboine Park Zoo in Winnipeg. If you have questions specifically about "Bowling for Rhinos" contact Nancy Pintavalli at the Columbus Zoo. For questions on the Ecosystem Survival Plan (ESP) contact Norman Gershenz at the San Francisco Zoo. Zoo Atlanta to Host National Workshop on Behavioral Research Zoo Atlanta will host this year's national workshop on "Applying Behavioral Research to Zoo Animal Management" from 2-9 June in Atlanta, GA. Participants will learn how to develop and participate in behavioral research projects and apply the results to specific management problems. This year's workshop will include topics and projects in mammalian, reptilian and avian behavior. Dr. David Chiszar of the University of Colorado will give the keynote lecture. Many additional activities are planned as well, including an ice-breaker and a field trip. Enrollment is limited to 40 participants. Registration fee for the workshop is $150.00 if paid by 1 May, 1990. After 1 May, the registration fee is $175.00. Priority will be given to zoo staff from AAZPA accredited institutions. For further information and a registration form, contact: Dr. Terry Maple, Director, Zoo Atlanta, 800 Cherokee Ave. S.E., Atlanta, GA 30315. 118 From the President I recently went Ten-Pin Bowling (something I have not done since my early teens!) with 98 other Toronto people. The event was BOWLING FOR RHINOS. I had a great time. The event has been happening in many other places throughout North America over the past month or so. Monetary totals are not yet in, but all indications point to a great success in this endeavor. BOWLING FOR RHINOS 1990 was the project by the Species Sub-Committee of the AAZK Conservation, Preservation and Restoration Committee (CPR). Thank you to the many people who participated in this first AAZK-sponsored nationwide fundraising event. Plans are underway to expand the range of projects and species to be assisted in the future. There have been recent instances of Chapters entering into legal contracts without the prior knowledge or approval of the Board of Directors. I believe the Chapters were acting in good faith, however, any Chapter binding to a contract in fact binds the entire Association to that contract (Article VII, Section 5 AAZK By-Laws). All members are urged to read our By- laws. Copies are available from Administrative Offices. I must ask all Committee Chairpersons, Liaisons, Coordinators and Chapter Presidents to go through the official governing body of the Association - the Board of Directors - as they conduct AAZK business. The annual midyear Board Meeting at Topeka has been arranged for June 4-5. The purpose of the meeting is to discuss business that has arisen since the 1989 Conference. Anyone who has an idea or concern should contact any Board Member before May 15, so that we may include it on our agenda. CT3 <3 Pi\ AAZK Announces New Professional Members Robert P. Busa, Franklin Prk. Zoo (MA) Amaya Murphy, Van Saun Prk. Zoo (NJ) Edgardo Cruz, Bronx Zoo (NY) Sheri Williams, Ross Prk. Zoo (NY) Marie Galloway, National Zoo (DC) Barbara Brand, Sea World (FL) Darren Browning Alligatorland Safari Zoo (FL) Deborah Dorsey, Opryland U.S.A. (TN) Patricia Currie, Columbus Zoo (OH) Patricia Spinning, Akron Zoo (OH) Charles Webb, Blank Prk. Zoo (IA) Jim Hlavac, Wildwood Prk. Zoo (WI) Beckee Niemackl, Topeka Zoo (KS) Nancy Childress, Tulsa Zoo (OK) Andrea Anders, Houston Zoo (TX) David Sena, Alameda Prk. Zoo (NM) Lee McDaniel Huggett, Chas. Paddock Zoo (CA) Peter H. Klose, Jui Andrew Thorburn, Acadia Zoo (ME) Joseph Mahoney, Bronx Zoo (NY) Jo Anne Cuzdey, Ross Prk. Zoo (NY) Gina Wilson, Philadelphia Zoo (PA) Michael Bartlett, Sea World (FL) Lisa Samuels, Busch Gardens (FL) Donald Smith, Birmingham Zoo (AL) Cindy Pinger, Memphis Zoo (TN) Dave Winkler, Akron Zoo (OH) Michael Hawkey, Detroit Zoo (MI) Patrick Standley, Blank Prk. Zoo (IA) Scott Wisherd, Lake Superior Zoo (MN) Lynn McDuffie, LA Purchase Gdn/Zoo (LA) Timothy Steinmetz, Houston Zoo (TX) Judith Fabian, San Antonio Zoo (TX) Peter Balcaen, San Diego Zoo (CA) Trish McElroy, Los Angeles Zoo (CA) s Cat World, Inc. (ONT) Renewing Contributing Members National Zoological Park, NZP Library, Washington, DC Sally G. Christman, El Paso Zoological Society, El Paso, TX Nancy Hanson, Lakeview Terrace, CA AAZK Award Nominations Are Now Beinff Accepted for 1990! The AAZK Awards Committee would like to begin accepting nominations for the awards to be presented at the 1990 AAZK Conference in New Orleans. In the following months there will be information concerning the qualifications, nomination procedures, selection procedures and an explanation of the AAZK Excellence in Zookeeping (EZ), Certificate of Merit for Zookeeper Education (CMZE) and Meritorious Achievement (MA) Awards. The deadline for all award nominations in 1 June 1990. All award nominations received after 1 June will be reviewed for 1991, so please keep this in mind when submitting your nominations. All awards given by the AAZK do not have a minimum or maximum number offered each year. Also, if the nominees do not meet the qualifications and nominators do not follow the nomination procedures, they will not receive the award for which they were nominated. Please include scientific names of animals when they are included in the nomination of a special or outstanding breeding acknowledgment. Please submit all nominations to: Jan McCoy, AAZK Awards Chair Washington Park Zoo 4001 S.W. Canyon Rd. Portland, OR 97221 AAZK Certificate of Merit for Zookeeper Education Award This award is given to individuals, institutions, and organizations in the zoological community most actively promoting educational programs for zookeepers. This may include: Keeper training courses, staff seminars and reimbursement for formal education would be considered programs that are descriptive of this award. Qualifications; 1. Any staff individual, institution or organization from a North American zoo, aquarium or related facility is eligible. 2. The keeper training program must have been in existence for at least one year. Nomination£nQc.e.dure; 1. If you feel that your institution, organization or staff individual merits such an award, please submit a letter of nomination which mentions specifically the educational programs that are offered. 2. Claims made should be backed up with documentation for the committee to review. 3. List the institution or organization's name, address, phone and current Director. 4. Deadline for nominations is JUNE 1 of each year. Selection Procedure: The Awards Committee, consisting of five keepers, will independently review each nominee. 120 Births & Hatchings Attention All Those Submitting B&H: Since we reformatted the B&H column last year, we no longer accept submissions which are only numerical listings of animals born or hatched at a facility. We request that those submitting B&H do so in a text format, noting why a particular B&H is significant to their institution (i.e. first captive, first at that particular facility, SSP animal, successful B&H due to management changes, etc.). Different criteria make a B&H significant to its institution or the zoo community as a whole. Please look through the B&H columns of the past year to see acceptable formats. Also, we request that you include the scientific name (as per ISIS) with your submissions. Please try to submit your B&H at least quarterly as we do not have the room to run each institution's listing containing a full year’s propagation efforts. Also, we request that you please send your submission double spaced. We welcome black and white photos to use with your submissions; be sure to list appropriate photo credit. Many thanks! Editor XteJMmLZflfl ...is proud to announce the following B&H from 1 July through 31 December 1989: From the Reptile Section - 2 Red-faced or scorpion mud turtles ( Kinosternon scorpiodes ), 1 Emperor or alligator newt ( Tylototriton verrucosus ), 18 Black Forest cobras ( Naja melanoleuca), 5 Horned pale (eyelash) vipers ( Bothrops schlegeli). These are all first hatchings for the Detroit Zoo. Also hatched was 1 Tokay gecko ( Gecko gecko). The Bird Section can boast 2.0 Cutthroat finches ( Amadina fasciata), 8 Greater flamingos ( Phoenicopterus roseus ), 1 Rockhopper penguin ( Eudyptes crestatus ), 1 Bahama pintail ( Anas bahamensis), and 1 Spur-winged plover ( Vanellus spinosus). This is the second year in row that our flamingos have nested and raised young. Most of our mammal births are from the Hoofstock Section: 1.3 Greater kudu ( Tragelaphus strepsiceros), 2.2 Scimitar-horned oryx (Oryx dammah), 0.1.2 Formosan sika deer ( Cervus nippon taiwanus), and 1 Blesbok ( Damaliscus dorcas phillipsi). Also born were I. 0 White-handed gibbon (Hylobates lar), and 2 Patagonian cavy ( Dolichotis patagona). A branch of the Detroit Zoo, the Belle Isle Zoo, has produced 1.0 Llama (Lama glama glama), 2 Red kangaroos (Megaleia rufa), and 3 Western grey kangaroo (Macropus fuliginosus melanops ). Also associated with the Detroit Zoo is the Belle Isle Aquarium which produced 15 Dwarf freshwater stingrays (Potamotrygon magdalenae). submitted by Leslie Keys, Secretary, Detroit Zoo AAZK Chapter, Detroit, Ml. Assiniboine Park Zoo (Winnipeg). ..with five births in 1989, Assiniboine Park Zoo continues its successful breeding program of Lion-tailed macaques (Macaca silenus). This brings our total number of births to 87. The first lion-tailed macaque birth at APZ occurred in 1966. A new breeding male arrived from Czechoslovakia in March and has been introduced to three young females (born at APZ) to make up our third breeding group. His prodigy should make their appearance in the spring of 1990. J. J. and Charlie, the breeding pair of Lar gibbons (Hylobates lar) had two offspring this year. The first, a female, was born in January. It was found dead in the morning due to trauma. The gibbon group, which consists of 3.1 animals, 2.0 being the offspring from 1983 and 1986, are confined to small quarters during the winter and stress from overcrowding may have led to the baby's death. J.J. and Charlie's fifth baby was bom in September and is doing well. The sex is so far undetermined. 121 Births & Hatchings. Continued Other notable primate births include 0.1 Black crested mangabey ( Cercocehus aterrimus ), 2.0 Barbary macaque ( Macaca sylvanusi, 0.0.2 Common marmosets ( Callithrix jacchus ), and three sets of twin White fronted marmosets ( Callithrix jacchus geoffroyi). The birth of the Common marmosets is rather interesting as there is no longer a male marmoset in the exhibit and an Emperor Tamarin ( Saguinus imperator ) has taken over parental duties. Our American bald eagles ( Haliaeetus leucephalus) raised two chicks this year bringing their total breeding record to 9. Their first nesting was in 1983 and they have produced young every year since. The also were successful hatching two chicks in 1985. The Slender-tailed meerkats ( Suricate suricate ) produced their first litter in April. This litter of four was raised with no apparent problems but subsequent litters were cannibalized. The meerkats are temporarily housed in the zoo hospital pending the completion of the Kinsmen Discovery Center. The hospital was undergoing construction this summer and there was lots of noise and disturbance which may have been the cause of such behavior. The Amur leopard cats ( Felis bengalenses euptilura ) successfully raised 2.1 kittens. This litter follows an unsuccessful litter in the summer of 1988. This time the male was quickly removed from the enclosure following the birth of the kittens and the female was disturbed as little as possible. All entry to the exhibit was done via the furthest door to the den box and was kept to an absolute minimum, submitted by Valerie Norquam, Chapter Liaison, Assiniboine Park Zookeepers Association, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. Central Florida Chapter . AAZK ...reports notable B&H from its participating facilities for 1989: Submitted to AKF by John Beasley, Chapter Liaison, Central Florida Chapter AAZK. Cypress Gardens. ..on 3 August, triplets were born to our Cottontop tamarins ( Oedipoodimas oedipus). This was the third birth for this particular pair. Unfortunately, only two of the offspring survived. These juveniles (1.1) are doing quite well. A male Muntjac deer ( Muntiacus reevesi) was born on 5 November in our free flight aviary where he resides with five other muntjacs and several species of birds. Finally, on 9 December, our three-year-old Capybara ( Hyarochoeris hydrochaeris ) gave birth to a single offspring. The two adults and juvenile showed no ill effects from our recent unusual cold spell and are quite healthy, submitted by Kelly Webb Fad, Animal Care, Cypress Gardens, FL. Hatchings include 0.0.1 Citron crested cockatoo ( Cacatua sulphurea citronocristata) which is being hand-reared by our aviculture staff because these particular parents destroy their eggs. Other notable hatchings include 0.0.2 African grey parrots which are currently being raised by their parents. Once they reach 2-3 weeks of age they will be pulled and raised by the aviculture staff. Also, fourteen Emu eggs ( Dromaius novaehollandiae ) are now incubating in our incubators. submitted by Kelly Hall, Animal Care, Cypress Gardens, FL. Central Florida Zoological Park...the bird department is proud to announce two first-time hatchings at the Central Florida Zoo. First and foremost, that of our Hyacinth macaws ( Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus). After laying infertile clutches for three years, they finally hatched out one healthy chick (0.0.1) on 20 June 1989. The hatchling tipped the scales at 860 grams at the age of five weeks when it was pulled for hand-rearing. Our second significant hatching came from our Red lord amazons ( Amazona autumnalis autumnalis ) that hatched out 0.0.2 healthy chicks on 6 June 1989. These were both removed for hand-rearing, submitted by Bonnie Breitbeil, Keeper, Central Florida Zoo. Endangered New York Turtles Hatch at Burnet Park Zqq Two bog turtles ( Clemmys muhlenberg) hatched at Burnet Park Zoo on 18-19 February 1990. These hatchings are the first of this New York endangered species to hatch at the zoo and are an important part of Burnet Park Zoo's Bog turtle Conservation Program. This 122 Births & Hatchings. Continued program involves field surveys and radio telemetry studies which will hopefully lead to head-starting and re-introduction of the bog turtle into its historic range in Western New York. Two Bog turtles (Clemmys muhlenberg) were hatched at the Burnet Park Zoo in Syracuse, NY during February. Burnet Park is involved in a Bog Turtle Conservation Program for this endemic endangered reptile. The February hatching resulted from an on-going experiment designed to evaluate the feasibility of increasing the reproductive out-put of captive bog turtles. Turtles were shifted from a naturalistic outdoor enclosure to a heated indoor enclosure following a six-week fall brumation period. The shift resulted in courtship, breeding and nesting from two of three females. The group will be returned to the outdoor enclosure in early spring to re- enter a state of brumation and hopefully emerge and breed with the onset of warm weather. The potential of doubling the reproductive out-put may be a very important management tool in the conservation of this and other species with naturally low fecundity. For more information on Burnet Park Zoo's Bog Turtle Conservation Program, please contact Dave Collins, Senior Keeper, Reptiles and Birds, Burnet Park Zoo, Syracuse, NY. Omaha's Henry Poorly Zoo...beginning 1 January 1990 we are reporting births, hatchings and acquisitions in the following areas: Cats/Bears: born on 18 Feb. were twin Ring-tailed lemurs C Lemur catta ), bringing the group total to 7.6.2. Also born on 8 March were 0.0.3 Bengal tigers ( Panthera tigris tigris). Two were orange phase and one was white. This brings our total population of white tigers to 5 in a complex which currently houses 50 cats total. 123 Births & Hatchings. Continued. Our Hoofstock crew received 0.1 Bactrian camel ( Camelus bactrianus) from the Detroit Zoo. Births include 1.2 Nile lech we ( Onototragus megaceros ). These animals are in the SSP program. Currently we have 10.11.0. On 8 March a female Reticulated giraffe ( Giraffa Camelopardalis reticulata ) was born, raising the herd total to 2.6.0. Small Mammals: on 9 March 0.0.1 Indian fruit bats ( Pteropus gigantacus ) was bom. This is the first birth of this species at our zoo in three years. Primates/Pachyderm crew received 1.0 White rhino ( Ceratotherium simum ) on SSP breeding loan from the San Diego Wild Animal Park. Our Bird department has had 0.0.3 hatchings of Emu ( Dromiceius novae-hollandiae ) since January. Also hatched were 0.0.2 Cape Barren goose ( Cereopsis novae-hollandiae ), 0.0.1 Crested tinamou ( Eudromia elegans), and 0.0.2 NeNe chicks ( Branta sandvicensis) which hatched on 3 March, submitted by Diane Callaway, Chapter Liaison, Omaha AAZK Chapter, Omaha, NE. ® Information Please WILDFUR has recently received its first case of the protozoan infection Besnoitia darlingi in a adult male Virginia opossum. My veterinarian (Dr. Jane Nall, DVM) and I wondered whether anyone might be willing to share any information on cases of this type. What percentage of opossums, if any, have you received with this infection? With what medication and dosage have you treated them? What survival rate have you experienced? We would be grateful for any and all information that you might be able to offer. We are currently treating this opossum with Albon (sulfadimethoxine) at 120mg/100ml of drinking water. Please send information to: Dorothy C. Ahler, WILDFUR, 718 Chambers Dr., Huntsville, AL 35801. Keepers and other interested staff have begun to meet here at Metro TorontoZoo to promote and facilitate our continuing quest for environmental and behavioral enrichment for the animals in our collection. Our group would be most pleased to hear what the rest of you are doing along these lines. Please write with information on strategies, devices or techniques to: Charles Gutherie, Metro Toronto Zoo, Box 280, Westhill, Ontario, Canada M1E 4R5. The Pittsburgh Zoo is looking for information on heights and weights of Reticulated Giraffes at birth. They have recently experienced the birth of a male who weighed 185 lbs at birth and was 72 inches tall. Others who have experienced births of larger than usual giraffe babies are asked to send any pertinent information to: Ray Bamrick/Diane Hagey, Elephant/Giraffe Dept., Pittsburgh Zoo, P.O. Box 5250, Pittaburgh, PS 15206. I am looking for information on color ratios of Amazon tree boa ( Corallus e. enydris or cooki ) litters, along with color descriptions of both parents. The information is to be used in a study of color inheritence in this highly variable species. You may send descriptions, color photos, or just a postcard and I will return a data sheet and color pattern key. Please send to: A1 Winstel, 2651 Cornwall Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45231. 124 ® SPECTRUM Quality exotic animal diets Nutritionally balanced Fixed formulation • Economical When you need a complete line of high-quality dry and frozen animal diets for your feeding program, call Animal Spectrum. NEBRASKA BRAND h 1 SPECTRUM BROOD-RITE HEATERS Frozen feline diets Frozen bird of prey diets Frozen canine diet Chunk and chopped horsemeat, hearts, livers, rib, shank, knuckle bones, and tailbones Banana flavored primate, 15°/o protein dry Banana flavored primate, Pro-Plus 25 % protein dry Leaf Eater primate dry Omnivore dry Llama Vitamins & Minerals dry Polar Bear dry Marmoset/Tamarin dry Ratite dry Hoofstock supplement, with Selenium dry Bulbless heaters—nothing to break Safe around all animals and bedding material. Even heat distribution in 240, 500, or 750 wattages. GENTLE TOUCH™ bedding One call does it all FREE 1-800-228-4005 FAX 308-534-7015 Animal Spectrum, Inc. P.O. Box 721 North Platte, NE 69103-0721 Coming Events 1990 AAZPA Regional Conferences Southern Regional - 8-10 April - for more information, contact Mary Leverette, Riverbanks Zoological Park, P.O. Box 1060, Columbia, SC 29202 (803) 779-8717. Northeastern Regional - 29 April - 1 May -for more information, contact Gretchen Ellsworth, National Zoological Park, 3000 Block of Connecticut Ave., N.W., Washington, DC 20008 (202) 673-4666. Great Lakes Regional - 6-8 May - for more information, contact Jim Anderson, Fort Wayne Children's Zoo, 3411 Sherman Blvd., Fort Wayne, IN 46808 (219) 482-4610. XhinUntcruatioiud Symposium on Lion-tailed Macaques May 23-25, 1990 San Diego, CA To be held at the San Diego Zoo, the program will feature invited lectures, paper sessions, woprkshops, and tours of San Diego's unique facilities. Major issues to be discussed during the symposium are habitat conservation, captive mangement, and reintroduction to wild reserves. Individuals having relevant work to present are asked to contact the symposium organizer by 1 March, 1990. Send inquiries and information to: Dr. Donald Lindburg, Zoological Society of San Diego, P.O. Box 551, San Diego, CA 92112. Second International Symposium on the Biology of Deer May 28-June 1, 1990 Mississippi State University A sequel to the international symposium on the Biology of Deer Production held in Dunedin, New Zealand in 1983, this symposium will convene scientists, managers, and farmers concerned with the biology and management of cervids. The symposium will offer plenary lectures, oral and poster presentations, and informal workshops wherein scientists can present and discuss recent advances in our knowledge of the biology of cervids as well as their application to the management of farmed and wild deer. For further information, contact: Dr. Robert D. Brown, Chairman, Biology of deer Symposium, Dept, of Wildlife and Fisheries, P.O. Drawer LW, Mississippi State, MS 39762 (601) 325- 3830; FAX 601-325-3299. Gorilla Workshop June 22-25, 1990 Powell, OH The Columbus Zoo is hosting a three-day Gorilla Workshop with the emphasis on behavioral solutions to behavioral problems in the captive gorilla population. For further information contact: The Great Apes Staff, The Columbus Zoo, Box 400, 9990 Riverside Dr., Powell, OH 43065. (614) 645-3426; FAX (614) 645-3465. 1990 AAZPA Animal-Conference September 23-27, 1990 Indianapolis, IN For further information, contact Travis Edenfield, Indianapolis Zoo, 1200 West Washington St., Indianapolis, IN 46222 (317) 638-8072. 126 The African Adventure Comes to America: A New Exhibit at Brookfield Zoo By David Thornton , Keeper Brookfield Zoo , Brookfield, IL Every year about this time people start to look for signs that winter is over. The first robin, a crocus, and of course Groundhog Day fuel our hopes that spring is coming. At Chicago's Brookfield Zoo, there is another sign of spring: the opening of a new exhibit. Following the first exhibition of dung beetles in the world (April 1987 AKF), and last year's opening of The Fragile Slugs (April 1989 AKF). the zoo has embarked on a major renovation campaign designed to expand their ability to meet the urgent conservation needs of the 90's. The first phase, opened April 1st, has created the most interesting mixed- species exhibit in the world. The northwest section of the park has housed the zoo's ungulate collection for over 40 years. When the time came to renovate the functional, but badly outdated facilities, it was natural to again call on the designers of the slug exhibits. "Nearly every zoo has built or is designing a mixed species exhibit, trying to come up with something different to draw visitors," explained David Thornton, principle architect and Lead keeper. "The basic nature of this type of exhibit limits what you can do. Instead of complicating the design, we chose to make it simpler. Using the MegaYard® concept has allowed us to create a more natural setting, and to solve some of the visitor complaints from other exhibits." Joanne Leveille, Assistant Lead Keeper of the Forest area, discussed one of the exhibit's goals, "One of the complaints visitors had of mixed species exhibits is that you can only create the illusion of open spaces and predator-prey interactions to a certain point. People still know about hidden fences and moats. The main focus of our work then was to go past that point and really surprise them." Each of the entrance points to the African Adventure takes the visitor through a grove of trees to a small hill which gives a breathtaking overlook of the entire exhibit. What the visitor sees is essentially one 30-acre enclosure containing forest, plains, river, and swamp habitats. A river runs from north to east cutting off the northeast corner into an exhibit for Grevy’s zebra. The river and a large pool which forms in the exhibit center house hippo and African waterfowl. The swamp, on both sides of the river on the north, is home to sitatunga and waterbuck. The northwest and west areas are heavily forested, providing habitat for okapi, bongo, and yellow-backed duiker. The rest of the exhibit is open grassland, featuring giraffe, ostrich, Grant’s zebra, black rhino, Grant' s gazelles, cranes, and in the southeast corner, lion - all without separating moats or fences. The MegaYard® concept has two main goals: preserve the vista and use as much high-tech as you can. "The public wants that view of open space, to believe they're in Africa, explained Diane Bell, Assistant Lead Keeper of the Plains area. "No matter how well you camouflage a building, you always hear, 'What about the vista?' The only solution is to remove the building." The three ungulate holding barns, each using state-of-the-art HVAC, lighting, and manure removal systems to make the physical aspects of zookeeping as easy as possible, are along the west and north sides of the exhibit, shielded by berms and heavy planting. The lion corner, however, was the most difficult to develop. "When we first began discussing species, we knew we wanted a large predator in the exhibit, but that seemed impossible to accomplish without barriers," said David, "I should have known Tawny would have something up her sleeve!" Tawny Carlson, creator of the slug forest, came up with an underground holding area, reached by ramps hidden in the rocky outcroppings. The small pool is actually a skylight covered with water. Tawny also 127 The African Adventure Comes to America. Continued developed the revolutionary system which allows the exhibition of predators with prey animals. Nearly invisible, each lion wears a special collar. Patterned after electronic fences for dogs, these industrial strength models confine the pride to the southeast corner, allowing free access to their territory by the other animals but preventing the lions from hunting. Stephanie Rhodes, Assistant Lead Keeper of the River and Swamp areas, described the first days. "There was an initial adjustment period for everyone with animals running every which way but after watching the lions hit the boundary a few times, the limits are now well known by all the animals. It was almost funny to watch the lions standing there dazed, like they'd hit a brick wall. The gazelles and zebras know just how far they can stray into the lion's territory without getting caught, and I think both groups enjoy the occasional chase!" The lions are also fed a Commissary specialty, a gazelle shaped fortified meat loaf with imitation bones, which keeps their hunting instincts satisfied. Pretty impressive? Never before has an exhibit been created that was able to completely immerse a visitor into the African experience. Even better, all the animals have bred and raised young while on exhibit. But wait, there's more.... "The other design complaint we tackled was that mixed species exhibits in the northern states are very seasonal. Many of the animals are not winter hardy, leaving empty exhibits for a large part of the year," related Tawny. "To solve this, we created the only dual-season mixed species exhibit in the world, changing the African Adventure to the American Adventure." The habitats created for the African animals are perfect for displaying the North American collection: Moose, elk, white-tailed deer, otters, beaver, porcupine, buffalo, turkey, and wolves. During the winter, the African animals stay in the barns using spacious auxiliary holding yards, weather permitting. During the summer, the American animals have free access to the zoo's undeveloped west end. They too have all bred successfully. The excitement over this new concept was the main reason construction was so quickly completed. "The dual season exhibit creates a reason for summer visitors to return in the winter and vice versa. It provides additional learning experiences, especially about our native wildlife," explained David. "The animals benefit too, from the change in surroundings. Depending on the animals, the occupants can be changed daily." The signage, double-sided African and American, is just rotated depending on the occupants. Any problems? "The beetles can be difficult to get in for the winter, especially Huey, Dewey, and Louie," Joanne said, referring to the dung beetle colony and the triplet sons of Jo-Jo, which take care of the summer yardwork. "They're a lot like Jo-Jo but the exhibit is so large you can usually get in and out before one of them spots you." Jo-Jo, unruly as ever, continues to torment the zoo's elephant keepers. It can also be hard to spot some of the smaller animals, but the addition of a boardwalk and treehouse observation area will help to solve this complaint. So what's next? "We are already planning a mountain habitat along the north and west sides that would completely disguise the holding bams and allow us to exhibit Nubian ibex, Barbary sheep, Bighorn sheep, and hopefully the first captive exhibition of Canyon moose." Diane said. "We'd also like to add a desert habitat, but that's a while away." Stephanie added, "We are working on getting the elephants out in the exhibit, at least for part of the day. The problem is they go right for the trees! After that who knows? But there are still more continents left!" I guess we'll just have to wait until next year. (Author's note: Special thanks to Tawny Carlson (as usual) for her inspiration. Special thanks to Diane Bell, Joanne Leveille, and Stephanie Rhodes, the zookeepers of the 90's, for their help and inspiration. Enjoy! DBT.) 128 CURATORS Discover An Opportunity. Opportunities to oversee a lush, tropical sanctuary for rare and exotic birds, mammals, and reptiles don’t happen all the time. The Walt Disney World Co. is looking for someone to help develop one of the world’s most intriguing zoological parks. Responsibilities include management of all animal husbandry and training programs, exhibit design, and development of educational activities. If you possess the following qualifications, come and discover the outstanding benefits of being in charge of Discovery Island. Ph.D. in Zoological Sciences or related field preferred. Minimum experience of seven years as a Curator for an established zoo, including at least two years at the management or administrative level. Prefer active member of AAZPA If interested/qualified, send resume with salary history in confidence to: Walt Disney World Co. Professional Staffing P.O. Box 10,090 (DRD-DI-01) Lake Buena Vista, FL 32830 Fax: (407) 828-8165 ©The Walt Disney Company World Co. An Equal Opportunity Employer 129 Chapter News ^at^.nonda^aptei:MZK Officers for 1990 are: President Rachel Rogers Vice Pres Randy Brockmeyer Secretary Daniella Wooddell Treasurer Dolora Jung Chapter Liaison Mary Mure The Chapter is planning on participating in the "Bowling for Rhinos" fundraiser in April during the national Earth Day celebration. Among some of the goals for 1990 is to foster a better rapport with area facilities, such as Parrot Jungle, Monkey Jungle, Costello Hammock and to organize a more unified group of animal keepers in the South Florida area. The mailing address for the SFAAZK is South Florida Chapter AAZK, 12400 SW 152 St., Miami, FL 33177 (305) 251-0403. --Rachel Rogers, President Granville Zqq Chapter Elections were held on 17 January for our 1990 officers. They are: President Ann Bushman Vice Pres Anke Meyer Secretary Brina Mauro Treasurer Teresa Bora Chapter Liaison Janie Raxter Ninteen-eighty-nine was a very productive year for the Chapter pertaining to fundraisers and activities. On August 19-20 and 26-27, we held a fundraiser for the Programme for Belize. We showed educational video films, had poster displays, sold T-shirts and collected aluminum cans to raise funds for the Programme and promote rainforest awareness. We raised over $500.00, which allowed us to purchase 10 acres of land to be held in trust for the people of Belize and managed by conservationists. This year we were able to donate $200.00 to the Zoo Outreach Group, and send several auction items to the National AAZPA Conference in Pittsburgh, to be auctioned off at their fundraiser. Fortunately, we were not affected by Hurricane Hugo, which stuck the coast of South Carolina around Charleston with tremendous force. We would like to thank the many AAZK Chapters that called us to check on our well-being after the storm. We donated t-shirts to a shelter in Charleston and sent animal food to the coastal Human Societies that were affected. Two of our keepers attended the Elephant Management Workshop in Tulsa, OK in November. They came back with lots of useful information that was presented at our Christmas meeting. We would like to have all AAZK Chapters continue to send us information concerning animal attacks on humans. We are revising and reprinting our Exo.tic, Animal? a§ Pets brochure. The new pamphlet will bear our new logo, designed by Vicki Roth, our former president. The pamphlets are available to those chapters or individuals interested for a minimal fee. -Janie Raxter, Chapter Liaison Topeka Zoo AAZK Chanter During the months of February, March and April, our Chapter celebrated Earth Day in a BIG WAY! We gave presentations to local elementary schools on the plight of the rainforests. Along with a music video, slides and games, the presentation encouraged the kids to raise money through recycling campaigns. The money will go to adopt acres of rainforest through the Greater San Francisco Bay Area Chapter’s Ecosystem Survival Plan. We are hoping to adopt as many acres as possible for the citizens of Topeka. Also in February, with the help of a local businessman, our Chapter placed six Bluebird boxes around our Conservation Propagation Center. We are hoping to help bolster the bluebird population around the area. 130 Chapter News. Continued. Last October (’89) we put the finishing touches on the renovation of an old unit that will now be used for our two female Binturongs. Renovation efforts included painting the unit, adding natural substrate to replace the concrete floor, and planning and arranging naturalistic exhibit ’furniture' for the animals. We were able to test the unit with one of them and she enjoyed it immensely. -Ron Ringer , Chapter Liaison Central Florida Chapter AAZK The Central Florida Chapter of AAZK is off to a terrific start. After receiving our chapter charter and electing officers in September, we launched our first Chapter fundraising campaign. This was the sale of keychains shaped like the state of Florida with a Florida panther depicted on the face. The sales have been brisk and we are finally getting off our feet financially speaking. We are now gearing up for our first Chapter project: Bowling for Rhinos. The enthusiastic response we've received so far has been great and all of our Chapter members are really excited about this event. A real bonus for our Chapter is that Andy Lodge will be speaking the night before our BFR. This should serve as a great motivation for all of us bowlers to break 200! -Kelly Webb Fad, President Kansas City Chanter AAZK The Kansas City Chapter held our third annual Bowling for Rhinos fundraiser for the Ngare Sergoi Rhino Sanctuary on 18 February at King Louie Ranchmart. Twenty-seven bowlers, including five zookeepers from the Sunset Zoo, Manhattan, KS, and our zoo director, Ralph Waterhouse, participated in raising over $3,000 for the Sanctuary. Rhino Support Group T- shirts and official Bowling for Rhinos patches were sold. Our Chapter is proud to be the originator of the bowl-a-thon for Ngare Sergoi, and will continue to support the Sanctuary with ongoing T- shirt sales in the coming months. Our Chapter Liaison, Dale Freking, has concluded his keeper exchange and working tour of Australia and is due home this month. Those who have received letters from Dale know that his trip has been a great success and we all look forward to his return. Kansas City zookeepers and staff continue to recycle aluminum cans with special bins for their deposit within the zoo. Our zoo management also elected to participate in a paper recycling project that includes all departments of the Kansas City, MO municipal operations. We at the zoo appreciate the efforts of all city staff to improve our local ecology. -Karen Kline, President Little Rock Chapter AAZK Newly elected officers are: President.. ...Ken Kundel Vice Pres.....Sydney Tanner Treasurer Marie Schmude Secretary Debbie Jackson Ninteen-eighty-nine was a busy and productive year for our Chapter. We have several methods of raising funds. Our largest and most profitable is the Annual Zoo Run, held inOctober. This year our Fifth Annual Zoo Run had over 120 entries and made over $800. Many hours of planning and organizing are required to make this 5-K event a success. Marie Schmude has coordinated the run for the last five years. This year she is handing the job over to Janet Cooper, but will remain available as a consultant. Thanks Marie! We also handle the sales of the National Logo T-shirts, colder holders, and sweatshirts. Sales are generally good, although they vary according to season. The pop and coffee machines in our keepers' quarters are run by the Chapter, which provides year-round income. Our ongoing aluminum recycling project takes care of the cans. 131 Chapter News. Continued Our conservation activities were focused on bats. We constructed and installed bat boxes in the zoo last spring. Bat Conservation International offers a very nice slide show about bats and their conservation. We purchased it and showed it at our AAZK booth during the Little Rock Zoo's Spooktacular event near Halloween. Plans for bat boxes were also available at the booth. Our Zoo's biggest event is Zoo Days which takes place in August. The AAZK booth featured a display of diets that zoo animals eat. This was well received by the public. Our Education Committee has been presenting a program on zoo keeping to school children. When requested, a keeper will visit the school, present a slide show, and answer questions. This program has been well received and requests for it are increasing. We're working on updating the slide show. This year should be an equally productive one. We're already planning to participate in the Zoo's Earth Day celebration this month. -Ann Rademacher, Chapter Liaison Zoo Atlanta AAZK Chapter Our Chapter has been preparing for "Bowling for Rhinos" which was held on 7 April. We delayed the bowlathon so we could also tie in the opening of the Zoo's new Black Rhino Exhibit. Recently a travel fund for travel in conservation and education was made available to members of Zoo Atlanta's Keeper staff. The Gaston Travel Fund is being donated to the Zoo by John and Jane Gaston. The funds would be available once a year for a zookeeper to travel overseas for purposes of self- education, research and conservation. Our Chapter made a donation to Mark and Delia Owens who recently visited Atlanta. The Owens study lions in East Africa. Another donation was made to The Nature Conservancy to purhase an acre of rainforest. -Lisa P. Hughes, Chapter Liaison Information Please Ross Park Zoo and representatives from the New York State College of Veterinary Medicine at Cornell University are collaborating in a research project to measure reproductive hormones in exotic carnivores. The Zoo's Siberian Lynx pair is part of this project. Additionally, Ross Park is attempting to inventory and enumerate the species and would appreciate hearing from institutions/individuals having this species in their collections who have not bee contacted. Information can be sent to: Dr. Daniel Nielsen, DVM, do Ross Park Zoo, 185 Park Avenue, Binghamton, NY 13903. Anyone having information on the successful breeding of Hyacinthine Macaws ( Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus) or on general husbandry of these birds is asked to send it to: Karyn Tunwell, c/o Metro Toronto Zoo, P.O. Box 280, West Hill, Ontario M1E 4R5, Canada. We are interested in obtaining information concerning the head-starting of freshwater turtles (specifically Pseudemys) in reference to sustained water temp., photoperiod, duration of head-starting, and diet. Any information or data on this topic would be very helpful. Please sent to: Zoo Dept., New England Science Center, 222 Harrington Way, Worcester, MA 01604. 132 ° nFrom Sierra Club national news on EcoNet Computer Network Federal judge denies Navy motion on dolphin suit A federal judge has denied a Navy motion to dismiss a lawsuit attempting to stop the Navy from using dolphins as nuclear submarine guards. The lawsuit, filed in April 1989 by a coalition of animal rights and environmental groups, seeks a permanent injunction preventing the Navy from using the warm-water Atlantic dolphins in the cold waters of Puget Sound. The lawsuit argues that the Navy violated the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) when it decided to use the dolphins at the Bangor submarine base. U.S. District Court Judge John Coughenour ruled that the Navy and the Commerce Department must follow the laws of NEPA when capturing and using dolphins. Wrote Coughenour: "The fundamental problem with the Navy's analysis is that it does not provide for NEPA review at any point in the process, yet the Navy's controversial decision to take dolphins from the wild is clearly a major federal action with an effect on the environment." The Navy has not released information either on the number of dolphins involved or how they would be deployed at Bangor, where Trident submarines are based, but it has been reported that the animals would be used as perimeter defense to detect possible underwater swimmers intent on sabotaging the submarines. >From Greenpeace news on EcoNet Computer Network Tuna labeling bills in House and Senate Legislation has been introduced recently by Rep. Barbara Boxer (D-CA) and Sen. Joseph R. Biden (D-DE) that would require the labeling of all canned tuna products containing tuna caught in a manner that causes the deaths of dolphins. 141 Legislative Undate. Continued The number of dolphins killed by the U.S. tuna fleet has declined by more than 90% since the early 1970's due to increased regulation and the fact that many tuna boats have been re- registered under foreign flags. While the U.S. fleet must follow strict regulations to minimize dolphin mortality in the tuna nets, the practices of the foreign fleets are more difficult for the U.S. to influence. Up to 100,000 dolphins are still killed each year in the Eastern Tropical Pacific by U.S. and non-U.S. tuna fleets setting seines "on dolphin" to catch the yellowfin tuna swimming beneath. The U.S. is the world's largest tuna market and these bills would allow the U.S. consumer to make an informed decision when purchasing tuna products. In addition to tuna caught "on dolphin", labeling would also be required for tuna caught in fisheries that use driftnets of more than one and a half miles long. Hundreds of dolphins, whales, sea birds, and non-target fish species are killed in these driftnets. >From Environmental Defense Fund (EDF Letter, Jan. 1990) and Greenpeace news on EcoNet Computer Network Wildlife report available The fifth annual Audubon Wildlife Report is now available. As in earlier editions, the primary focus is on federal wildlife conservation policy. This year's report includes sections on such topical issues as global warming, conservation of ancient forests in the northwestern U.S., wetlands preservation in the Southwest, and trends in water laws in the West. The Audubon Wildlife Report can be obtained directly from the publisher for $39.95, plus applicable tax. Send check or money order to: Academic Press, Book Marketing Department, 1250 Sixth Avenue, San Diego, CA 92101. Reports for past years are also available. New information on import of sport-hunted African elephant trophies Assistant Secretary of the Interior Constance Harriman recently clarified current U.S. policy on importation of sport-hunted African elephant trophies into the U.S. The current policy was made in accordance with the African Elephant Conservation Act, and is consistent with the recent reclassification of this species from Appendix II to the more critical Appendix I under CITES. This reclassification was adopted during an international conference of CITES member nations in October 1989 and became effective on 18 January 1990. Beginning on that date, no African elephants or parts may be imported into the U.S. without a CITES Appendix I import permit issued by the USFWS and an Appendix I export permit or re-export certificate from an ivory-producing country that has submitted an export quota for 1990. The USFWS will consider issuing import permits only for noncommercial trophy imports from nations with healthy elephant populations and strong management programs that clearly enhance the survival of the species and effectively control poaching. Current information on particular elephant populations and management practices indicates the Service may not be able to justify issuance of import permits for trophies taken in countries other than Zimbabwe, and possibly South Africa, on or after 18 January 1990. If a sport-hunted trophy shipment is consigned to a common carrier for export to the U.S. prior to 18 January 1990, and it is not accompanied by a CITES Appendix I permit but otherwise meets all U.S. and CITES import requirements, as a general rule and until further notice, the Service will not refuse clearance. Imports without required permits and documentation will be seized and forfeiture procedures initiated. Additionally, the USFWS will propose a reclassification of most African elephant populations from "threatened" to the more critical "endangered" status under the U.S.’s 142 Legislative Update. Continued Endangered Species List. The reclassification would cover elephant populations in all but three African countries™ Botswana, South Africa and Zimbabwe. The Service has determined that populations in these countries have remained stable or increased and sufficient management and protection policies are currently in force. Because the elephant is already listed on Appendix I of CITES, most international commercial trade in elephants or parts has ceased. An endangered status on the ESL would halt interstate commerce and impose stricter permit regulations for possession or for importing the species for scientific or enhancement purposes. >Department of the Interior news releases 7 February & 16 February 1990 Reclassification of bald eagle under consideration The USFWS has announced it will undertake a comprehensive review of American bald eagle populations to determine if the species may warrant reclassification from "endangered" to the less critical "threatened" category under the Endangered Species Act. In making the announcement, Service Director John Turner said, "The dramatic growth of eagle populations in recent years leads us to think the species may no longer be in danger of becoming extinct. It is possible a reclassification to threatened may reflect more accurately the species' actual biological status. I want to emphasize the Service is not considering removing the bald eagle from the protection of the Endangered Species Act. A reclassification to threatened, should we decide that is warranted, would continue to offer the full protection of the Endangered Species Act. The Service will review the results of the 1990 bald eagle breeding season nationwide before deciding whether to propose reclassification." Currently, bald eagles are listed as endangered in 43 of the conterminous states and threatened in Washington, Oregon, Minnesota, Wisconsin and Michigan. The bald eagle has never been listed in Alaska, where populations have continued to thrive and now number approximately 30,000. From estimates as low as 400 nesting pairs in the early 1960's, their numbers improved to a minimum of 2,600 nesting pairs in the conterminous states in 1989. > Department of the Interior news release 7 February 1990 143 Limited Number of 1989 Conference Proceedings Available for Sale If you have not already ordered your copy of the Proceedings from the 1989 AAZK National Conference held inSyracuse, NY, there are a limited number of copies available following the pre-order mailing. These will be sold on a first come, first served basis. To order, fill out the form below and return to AAZK Administrative Offices, 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606. Cost is $7.00 for AAZK members, $12.00 for non-members. Orders outside the U.S. and Canada should add $3.00 extra per copy for postage costs. Papers published in the 1989 Proceedings include: The Animal Data Transfer Form • Update: Zoo Infant Development Project • Gummivory: It's Significance and Potential Use in Captive Wildlife • Techniques Used in the Hand-Rearing and Subsequent Reintroduction to Her Mother of a Lowland Gorilla • Hand-Rearing, Growth and Development of Fisher • Zoo Atlanta's Search for the Red Ape • Management and Breeding of the Southern White Rhinoceros • Quarantine and Acclimatization of Bee-Eaters at the San Diego Zoo • Bull Asian Elephant Facility at Dickerson Park Zoo • Hand-Raising Scarlet Ibis • Neonatal Growth Weights in Guenther's Dik Dik • The Making of a Zoo-The Newark Mini Zoo • Research in Natural Habitat Enclosures at the Duke University Primate Center • Introduction of a Male Colobus to an Existing all-Male Group • Behavior and Management of Small Deer at the San Diego Zoo • Waste Reduction Program at Metropolitan Toronto Zoo • The Use of Ultrasound in Managing a Breeding Colony of Galago • Keeper Personality Survey • A Tropical Renaissance: It's All in a Day's Work • Husbandry Notebooks and Unit Procedures • Rain Forest Husbandry at the National Aquarium in Baltimore • Brookfield Zoo Intern Program • Developing Educational Shows with Available Animals and Staff • M.AZ.E.-Magnet Assisted Zoo Education • and The Creation and Operation of a Native Hummingbird Exhibit. Also included in the Proceedings are An Overview of the 1989 Meeting of the AAZK Board of Directors • A Synopsis of the Australasian RAP Session • and the handout materials from a workshop on "A Simple Method for Primate Cycle Evaluations". 1989 Conference Proceedings Order Form I wish to order copy (ies) AAZK Member Non-Member ($7.00 each) ($12.00 each) Orders outside U.S. and Canada add $3.00 per copy for postage. TOTAL ENCLOSED $ Name: — — Address: State/Province: Phone: City: Zip/Postal Code: CHAPTER AND REGIONAL AFFAIRS COMMITTEE Director of Chapter and Regional Affairs Committee - Bill Whittaker, Toledo Zoo, 2700 Broadway, Toledo, OH 43609 (419) 385-5721 Ext. 251; (419) 381-0377 (h). Assistant Directors: - Colleen Kinzley (west) [312] 485-0263 Ext. 489 [w]; (312) 528-8412 [h] and NancyPintavalli (east) (614) 645-3400 [w]; (614) 766-6475 [h]. REGIONAL COORDINATORS Elandra Aum, Woodland Park Zoo, 5500 Phinney Ave. N., Seattle, WA 98103 {206} 625-2244 [w] for the State of WA (North Pacific Coast) Mike Ulig, Washington Park Zoo, 4001 S.W. Canyon Rd., Portland, OR 97221 for the State of OR (North Pacific Coast) Celeste Northrop, San Diego Zoo, P.O. Box 551, SanDiego, CA 92112 for Southern California and Southern Nevada [South Pacific Coast] David Luce, Fresno Zoo, 892 W. Belmont, Fresno, CA 93728 (209) 488-1549 [w] for Mid-California [South Pacific Coast] VACANCY for the States of ID, MT, WY (North Mountain) John Turner, Denver Zoo, 23rd St. & Steele, City Park, Denver, CO 80205 for the States of UT & CO, (South Mountain) Ed Hansen, Reid Park Zoo, 1100 S. Randolph Way, Tucson, AZ 85716 for the States of AZ & NM [South Mountain] Carla Wieser, Omaha's Henry Doorly Zoo, 10th St. & Deer Park Blvd., Omaha, NE 68107 for the states of NE & LA (North Plains) Wendy Davis, Lake Superior Zoo, 7210 Fremont St., Duluth, MN 55807 for the States of MN & IA (North Plains) Steve Tigges, Tulsa Zoological Park, 5701 E. 36th St. North, Tulsa, OK 74115 for the States of KS, OK, MO, AR (Central Plains) Debbie Jackson, Little Rock Zoological Gardens, #1 Jonesboro Dr., Little Rock, AR 72205 for the State of AR (Central Plains) Rick Smith, ( St. Louis Zoo), 6316 Washington Ave., University City, MO 63130 (mailing address) for the State of MO (Central Plains) Joanna Ameson, Lee Richardson Zoo, P.O. Box 499, Garden City, KS 67846 for the State of KS (Central Plains) Ann Marie Greco, San Antonio Zoo, 3903 N. St. Mary's St., San Antonio, TX 78212 for the States of TX and LA (South Plains) Joe Rindler, Columbus Zoo, 9990 Riverside Dr., Box 400, Columbus, OH 43065 for the States of OH and KY {Great Lakes Region) Colleen Kinzley, Brookfield Zoo, 3300 Golf Road, Brookfield, IL 60513 {312} 485-0263 Ext. 489 [w] for the States of IL and WI (Great Lakes Region) {312} 528-8412 [h] Lee Williams, Detroit Zoo, P.O. Box 39, Royal Oak, MI 48068 for the States of MI and IN (Great Lakes Region) Alan Baker, Burnet Park Zoo, 500 Burnet Park Dr., Syracuse, NY 13204 AND Mark Hofling, Bronx Zoo, 185th St. & Southern Blvd., Bronx, NY 10460 (212) 220-7115 {w} (212) 543-2753 {h} AND Jeannette Nadeau, Roger Williams Park Zoo, Elmwood Ave., Providence, RI 02905 for the States of ME, NY, VT, NH, MA, CT, and RI (North Atlantic Coast) Jon Brangan, Virginia Zoological Park, 3500 Granby St., Norfolk, VA 23504 {804} 441-2374 [w] {804} 625-0272 [h] for the States of PA, NJ, DE, MD, VA. WVA & DC (Mid- Atlantic Coast) Michelle Herman, Jackson Zoological Park, 2918 W. Capitol St., Jackson, MS 39209 for the States of TN and MS (South Atlantic Coast) Fred Alvey, Zoo Atlanta, 800 Cherokee Ave. S.E., Atlanta, GA 30315 for the States of GA and AL (South Atlantic Coast) VACANCY for the States of NC and SC (South Atlantic Coast) Betty Grogan, Jacksonville Zoological Park, P.O. Box 26767, Jacksonville, FL 332218 AND Tarni Ryf, Dreher Park Zoo, 1301 Summit Blvd., West Palm Beach, FL 33405 AND Maiy Mure, Metrozoo, 12400 S.W. 152nd St., Miami, FL 33177 for the State of Florida VACANCY for the State of Alaska Dan Vitiello, Honolulu AAZK Chapter, Honolulu Zoo, 151 Kapahulu Ave., Honolulu, HI 96815 for the State of Hawaii Terry Male, Metro Toronto Zoo, Box 280, West Hill, Ontario, Canada MlE 4R5 for the Province of Ontario, Canada Bob Debets, Assiniboine Park Zoo, 2355 Corydon Ave., Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3P OR5 for the Provinces of Manitoba and Saskatchewan, Canada & {204] 837-1635 [h] States of ND and SD Dean Treichel, Valley Zoo, Box 3259, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T5J 2R7 for the Provinces of Alberta and British Columbia, Canada(403) 483-5525 [w] Chantal Routhier, Granby Zoo, 347 Rue Bourget, Granby, Quebec, Canada J2G 1E8 for the Province of Quebec NOW AVAILABLE Zoonotic Diseases. 2nd Edition AAZK is pleased to announce the availability of the Second Edition of the Zoonotic Diseases Handbook. This 40-page reference work details the most common zoonotic diseases, offers guidelines for preventive control and covers personal hygiene and disinfection procedures. This Second Edition contains expanded listings of zoonotic diseases and has been formatted in 5 1/2" x 8 1/2" AKF size. Information on each disease is presented in a text format which includes Ethiologic Agent, Means of Transmission to Man, Global Distribution, Alternate or Intermediate Hosts, Human Incubation and Human Symptoms. Editor for this volume is Bruce Clark of the Toledo Zoo. Copies may be purchased by completing the order form below. Prices are: $5.00 for Professional AAZK members; $6.50 for all other AAZK membership categories; and $8.50 for non-members. The prices include shipping and handling within North America. Orders outside the U.S. and Canada should add $3.00 for foreign postage by Air Mail. Make check or money order payable in U.S. FUNDS ONLY to: "AAZK". Please allow 3-4 weeks for delivery. Zoonotic Diseases Published by The American Association of Zoo Keepers, Inc. Please send copy/copies of the AAZK Zoonotic Diseases Handbook to: NAME: ADDRESS: — CITY: STATE: ZIP: MEMBERSHIP CATEGORY; P AF AS INST Non-Mem TOTAL AMOUNT INCUDED: $ Send to: Zoonotic Diseases, AAZK, 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606 146 Opportunity Knocks... Institutions wishing to advertise employment opportunities are asked to send pertinent data by the 15th of each month to: Opportunity Knocks I AKF. 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606. Please include closing dates for positions available. There is no charge for this service and phone-in listings of positions which become available close to deadline are accepted. Phone (913) 272-5821 Ext. 31; FAX 913-272-2539. Z O O KEEPER ...responsibilities include the care and observation of zoo animals, maintenance of exhibits, recordkeeping, and interaction with docents and public. Requires High school diploma or equivalent and experience with captive animals. Experience may be substituted for education. Salary $14,000-$20,000, excellent benefits. Contact Personnel Department, City of Little Rock, City Hall, Little Rock, AR 72201, phone (501) 371-4590. Application filing deadline is 4 May 1990. EOE. HOOFSTOCK KEEPER...v>osition requires a degree in zoology or related field and two (2) years experience with hoofstock. Duties include animal care, facility maintenance and interpretive tours. Weekend work is required. Salary negotiable. Send resume, letter of intent and three (3) references by 10 May 1990to: John Fleming, Dept, of Wildlife Conservation, White Oak Plantation, 726 Owens Rd., Yulee, FL 32097. ZOO ATTENDANT /ELEPHANT HANDLER...requires high school graduation plus one year experience with elephants. Will assist trainer and participate in African elephant husbandry program and exotic hoofstock management. Salary: $1,266-$1, 668/month plus benefits. Send resume directly to: Reta Gaebler, City Hall Personnel Department, 414 East 12th St., Kansas City, MO 64106. Closing date is 1 May 1990. EOE/MF/H. YETERIJXA^fJfECHNWJANJNTERNSHIR:. a one-year position is available - pending funding by an IMS Conservation Project Support Grant - starting in September 1990. Requires two years' experience or certification. Will assist in the daily medical management of the zoo's collection and the operation of the zoo's clinic. Send resume/transceipts/three references to: Dr. Carolee Wallace, Staff veterinarian, Burnet Park Zoo, 500 Burnet Park Dr., Syreuse, NY 13204. Deadline 30 June 1990. ZOOKEE PER. ..requires Associate’s degree in an animal-related field plus two years’ experience as a keeper, or a Bachelor's degree in biology or related field. Responsible for daily care of domestic and exotic animals and exhibit/grounds maintenance. Salary $5.00- $5. 90/hr plus excellent benefits. Send letter and resume by 30 April 1990 to: Mike Borders, Director, Scovill Children's Zoo, 71 South Country Club Road, Deactur, IL 62521. CAREGIVER! CHIMPANZEES... requires B.A. in Zoology, Biology, Anthropology or related fields of study and ability to work well with peers. Commensurate experience will be considered. Assist in the responsibility for maintaining and caring for approximately 65 chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes). Salary negotiable. Excellent benefits. Equal opportunity employer. Note: AH personnel must have a negative T.B. skin test and a negative hepatitis B antigen test. Send letter of interest, requested salary, resume, and three (3) references to: Jo Fritz, Director, Primate Foundation of Arizona, P.O. Box 86, Tempe, AZ 85280. ZOOKEEPERS ////...the Abilene Zoological Gardens has two (2) openings for Zookeepers I/II to work with mammals, reptiles and birds. All applicants must possess the following minimum qualifications including high school diploma or GED (level of experience will be considered); must have good writing, verbal and recordkeeping skills; and the desire to expand knowledge of husbandry and captive animal handling; requires ability to work with a variety of animals on a felxible work schedule. Annual starting salary $12,754- $14,798 plus benefits. Applicants should send resume to: City of Abilene, Pam Collins, Director of Administrative Services, P.O. Box 60, Abilene, TX 79604. Deadline is 30 April 1990. EOE/AAE. 147 Opportunity Knocks. Continued PENGUIN KEEPERS. ..the John G. Shedd Aquarium is nearing completion of a new $43 million Oceanarium project. Included in the project will be a penguin habitat housing approximately 30 birds. There are several positions available for keepers with penguin experience, particularly with gentoo, rockhopper, and macroni penguins. Salary will be commensurate with experience. Send resumes to: Jim Robinett or Ken Ramirez, John G. Shedd Aquarium, 1200 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605. For further information you may call (312) 939-2426. FLORIDA OPPORTUNITIES.. .are you looking for a new location for your talents working with exotic animals? If you have experience with zoological animals and would like to work in Florida, please send your resume. Also looking for a groom to back up the leopard and tiger acts. Experience needed with big cats. Write to: Jungle Larry's Zoological Park, P.O. Box 7129, Naples, FL 33941 or call (813) 262-5409. ZOOKEEPER INTERNSHIPS...non-va\d positions available to qualified college students, pursuing degrees in zoology, biology, or related field. Eight to ten week programs offered during the summer of 1990. Will receive training in animal care, veterinary practices, education, public relations and other support aspects of a zoo operation. Please send cover letter, resume and references to: Kimberly G. Davidson, General Curator, Utica Zoo, Steele Hill Road, Utica, NY 13501. & Nine Ways to Kill an Association Here are the Nine Commandments for making sure your association meets a certain death: 1. Don't participate beyond paying your dues - let "them" handle things. Then complain that members have no voice in what goes on. 2. Decline all offices and committee appointments - you're too busy for them. Then offer vociferous advice on how "they" should do things. 3. If appointed to a committee, don't work - it’s a courtesy appointment. Then complain because the organization has stagnated. 4. If you do attend management meetings, don't initiate new ideas. Then you can play "devil’s advocate" to those ideas submitted by others. 5. Don't rush to pay your dues - they're too high anyway. Then complain about poor financial management. 6. Don't encourage others to become members - that's selling. Then complain that membership is not growing. 7. Don't read the mail from headquarters - it's not important anyway. Then complain that you're not kept informed. 8. Don't volunteer your talents - that's ego fulfillment. Then complan that you're never asked, never appreciated. 9. And, if by chance the organization grows in spite of your contributions, grasp every opportunity to tell the youngsters how tough it was, how hard you worked in the old days to bring the organization to its present level of success. Reprinted with permission from Professional Grounds Management Forum, Vol. 12, No. 9. September, 1988. from The Buckeye Nurseryman. The Landscape Contractor, February, 1987. w 148 AAZK Membership Application Name check here if renewal [ ] Address City State/Province Zip □ $30.00 Professional ~~ Full-time Keepers if] $25.00 Affiliate Other staff & volunteers □ $25.00 Associate Those not connected with an animal facility □ $30.00 International All members outside U.S. & Canada regardless of category □ $20.00 Library Library subscription only Zoo Affiliation (if any) □ $50.00 or more Contributing Organizations & individuals Zoo Address Mail this application and check or money order (U.S. CURRENCY ONLY PLEASE), made payable to American Association of Zoo Keepers, Inc., to : AAZK Administrative Offices, Topeka Zoo, 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606 U.S. A. Membership includes a subscription to Animal Keepers' Forum. The membership card is good for free admission to many zoos and aquariums in the U.S. and Canada. INFORMATION FOR CONTRIBUTORS Animal Keepers' Forum publishes original papers and news items of interest to the animal keeping profession. Non-members are welcome to submit articles for consideration. Articles should be typed or hand-printed and double-spaced. All illustrations, graphs and tables should be clearly marked, in final form, and should fit in a page size no greater than 6" x 10" (15cm x 25 l/2cm). Literature used should be cited in the text and in final bibliography. Avoid footnotes. Include scientific name of species (as per ISIS) the first time it is used. Thereafter use common name. Black and white photos only accepted. Articles sent to Animal Keepers' Forum will be reviewed for publication. No commitment is made to the author, but an effort will be made to publish articles as soon as possible. Lengthy articles may be separated into monthly installments at the discretion of the editor. The editor reserves the right to edit material without consultation unless approval is requested in writing by the author. Materials submitted will not be returned unless accompanied by a stamped, self-addressed envelope. Telephone or FAX contributions of late-breaking news or last-minute insertions are accepted. However, long articles must be sent by U.S. mail. The phone number is (913) 272-5821 Ext. 31. FAX # is 913-272-2539. DEADLINE FOR EACH EDITION IS THE 15TH OF THE PRECEDING MONTH Articles printed do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the Animal Keepers' Forum editorial staff or the American Association of Zoo Keepers, Inc. Publication does not indicate endorsement by the Association. Items in this publication may be reprinted providing credit to this publication is given and a copy of the reprinted material is forwarded to the editor. Reprints of material appearing in this journal may be ordered from the editor. PRINTED IN U.SA. isp. q D w O 'to tap te<* W 3 01 ^ oje a g s?*a8 § *8. 0) &e O «•*> r*. o 3 Animal Keepers' Forum Dedicated to Professional Animal Care ANIMAL KEEPERS' FORIJM. 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606 Editor-in-Chief: Susan Chan May 1990 Assistant Editor: Alice Miser Volume Seventeen Assistant Editor: Ron Ringer Number Five Animal Keepers' Forum (ISSN 0164-9531) is a monthly journal of the American Association of Zoo Keepers, Inc., 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606. Five dollars of each membership fee goes toward the annual publication costs of Animal Keepers' Forum . Third Class postage paid at Topeka, KS. Postmaster: Please send address changes to: American Association of Zoo Keepers, Inc. Administrative Offices, 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606 Barbara Manspeaker, Administrative Secretary BOARD OF DIRECTORS Oliver Claffey, Metro Toronto Zoo, Toronto, Ontario, Canada President Bob Debcts, Assiniboine Park Zoo, Winnipeg, Manitoba Canada Vice President Frank B. Kohn, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC 20008 Janet McCoy, Washington Park Zoo, Portland, OR 97221 Ed Hansen, Reid Park Zoo, Tucson, AZ 85716 COMMITTEE CHAIRPERSONS ~ PROJECT HEADS Conference Book Committee Tim Kelly, Assiniboine Park Zoo Awards Committee Jan McCoy, Washington Park Zoo Book Review. Coordinator Rick Emmer, Cleveland Metroparks Zoo SlaH-Exchange Cynthia Simpson, Brookfield Zoo AAZK History Committee Art Goodrich, San Diego Zoo International-Affairs. -Coordinators - Keeper -Training & Education (includes Library Resources, Reference Search, Program Library, and Keeper Training Materials) L.R/R.S. - Marilyn Cole, Metro Toronto K.T.M- Rosemary Jalink, Nat'l Aquarium Research/Grants Committee Susan M. Barnard, Zoo Atlanta Public Education Committee Ellen Bradfield, Zoo Atlanta Mona Keith, Calgary Zoo (cast) Pam McDougall, Calgary Zoo (west) Conservation, Preservation, Restoration ICfR) Committee - Bob Debets, Assiniboine Park Zoo Animal Data Transfer Form Bemie Feldman, Burnet Park Zoo AAZK Liaison to. AAZPA/IZE Brim Spencer, Beardsley Zoological Gdns. Keeper. Accommodations List Heidi Manicki, Metro Toronto Zoo An Approach to Zookeeping Pat Sammarco, Santa Fe Teaching Zoo Zoo InfanL-Deyelopment- Project Harmony Frazier-Taylor, Woodland Park Zoo AAZK MannaL oL.Resources Elandra Aum, Woodland Park Zoo Exhibit Design Form Mark de Denus, Assiniboine Park Zoo Public Relations Liaison Tim Kurkowski, Zoo Atlanta Membership Directory Administrative Office Staff Diet Notebook SusanBunn Spencer, Beardsley Zoological Gdns. Biological Values/Gestation Toni Danzig, Greater S. F. Bay Area Chapter Legislative Advisor John Stoddard, Chicago, IL By-Laws Review Marilyn Cole, Metro Toronto Zoo Zoo/Universitv List Mike Illig, Washington Park Zoo Nominations & Elections David Luce, Fresno Zoo Zoonotic Diseases Notebook Bruce Clark, Toledo Zoo Keeper Training Yideotane Marilyn Cole, Metro Toronto Zoo/Production Coordinator Order/Distribution Center at AAZK Administrative Offices in Topeka Director of Chapter and RegionaLAffairs Committee Bill Whittaker, Toledo Zoological Gardens, Toledo, OH Assistant CRAC Directors Colleen Kinzley, Brookfield Zoo and Nancy Pintavalli, Columbus Zoo Individual Regional Coordinators and the states they oversee are listed elsewhere in each issue of AKF. This month's cover features the Giant Panda (Ailluropoda melanoleuca) drawn by Hank Tusinski, Affiliate Member, Bronx, NY. This critically endangered species is native to China where it is now found only in isolated populations. Although declared a ‘national treasure* in China, the panda still faces some threat from hunters I poachers, but its primary danger is loss of habitat and food sources. Pandas have not bred well in captivity with very few of the captive births resulting in viable offspring. Research continues both in captivity and at research stations in China on the reproductive physiology of the panda. Thanks, Hank! Scoops ^ and^^ Scuttlebutt AAZK Seeking Section Coordinators for Diet Notebook Susan Bunn Spencer, Project Coordinator for the AAZK Diet Notebook, is looking for individuals interested in volunteering to serve as Coordinators for the Reptile Section or the Fish Section of the project. If you are interested, you may contact Susan c/o Beardsley Zoological Gardens, Noble Avenue, Bridgeport, CT 06610. A job description for these positions will appear in next month's AKF. Nominations and Election Announcement Next month the nomination process for the 1991 Board of Directors election will begin. There will be three seats which will be up for election, those of Oliver Claffey, Frank Kohn and Bob Debets. The term of office will be from 1 January 1992 to 31 December 1995. The nomination forms which contain a summary of the duties and qualifications for the BOD and the nomination procedures will be in the June AKF. This is an excellent opportunity for you to take part in helping to guide your professional organization into the future. If you would like more information contact: David Luce, NEC Chair, Fresno Zoo, 894 W. Belmont, Fresno, CA 93728. ( Member Notice on Big-5 Safari Ad It has come to our attention that some AAZK members are confused by a recent mailing they received from Big-5 Expeditions advertising two safari trips - one to India and one to Botswana. The literature in the mailing implied that this was an AAZK sponsored and/or endorsed trip. This is not the case-AAZK has nothing to do with this trip nor is AAZK receiving any financial consideration from Big-Five Expeditions. Permission to use AAZK's name in the safaris' promotional materials was never requested by Big-5 nor authorized by AAZK. Advertisements for these safaris appeared in the March and April 1990 issues of AKF. However, appearance of a paid advertisement in the journal and the sending of individual mailings to AAZK members without prior endorsement authorization are two different matters. We hope this has cleared up any confusion which may have existed about this matter. 149 From the President , I would like to stress to all our members, especially those conducting any AAZK business, projects, etc., the importance of communication. Because AAZK has grown so much and we are spread out all across North America, it is more important than ever that we keep in touch with what is going on in our Chapters, Projects and Committees. All Association matters transacted verbally, in person or electronically, must be followed up by a letter. I realize that with all our busy schedules it is sometimes difficult to keep up with correspondence, but it is very important to make such correppondence a priority. Getting things in writing should ensure that no misunderstandings can arise. Regional Conferences are scheduled around this time of year, better traveling weather is with us; these are always good opportunities to see other zoos and meet and talk with other zoo professionals. I was recently visited by four officers of the Toledo Zoo Chapter. We spent the better part of a day communicating. We worked on a solution to a problem that had arisen concerning By- laws compliance, and I gave them advice on their preparations for hosting the 1991 National AAZK Conference. We toured the Toronto Zoo and compared species management and husbandry techniques. These four dedicated AAZK members traveled from Toledo to Toronto and back on the same day, to communicate on a personal level. I will be writing to the Toledo Chapter President, Suzanne Husband, to confirm our conversations on AAZK matters. Communication is a two-way street. If we all work together, we can prevent problems and misunderstandings and work towards reaching AAZK's goals. cte, siy Oliver Claffey AAZK President AAZK Announces New Professional/Contributing Members Debra G. Simms, WW I Memorial Zoo (MA) Eugene Bailey, Lion Country Safari (FL) Kathy Anderson, no zoo listed, (FL) Jo Ann Jansing, Louisville Zoo (KY) Michele Holland, Fossil Rim Wildlife Cntr. (TX) Kevin Yates, San Diego Wild Animal Prk. (CA) Brian Phelps, San Jose Zoo (CA) Doug Knuff, Metro Toronto Zoo (Ont.) Jim Andelin, Andelin Acres (VA) Craig Snodgrass, Lowry Prk. Zoo (FL) Tim Tetzlaff, Jungle Larry's Zoo (FL) William Pittenger, Columbus Zoo (OH) Mary Kieser, Southern Nevada Zool. Prk. Kristina Oden, no zoo listed, (CA) Cesare Filice, Ontario, Canada Ariel Shamir, Metro Toronto Zoo (Ont.) New Contributing Members International Society for Endangered Cats, Inc., Columbus, OH Big 5 Expeditions, Columbus, OH Dr. William C. Sadler, Purina Mills, Inc., St. Louis, MO Torben Platt, Kent, WA Renewing Contributing Members Don D. Farst, DVM, Gladys Porter Zoo, Brownsville, TX Denver Zoological Foundation, Denver Zoo, Denver, CO Wayne G. Homan, General Curator, Phoenix Zoo, Phoenix, AZ Edmonton Parks & Recreation Resource Centre, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada Coming Events Third International Symposium on Lion-tailed -Macaques May 23-25, 1990 San Diego, CA To be held at the San Diego Zoo, the program will feature invited lectures, paper sessions, workshops, and tours of San Diego's unique facilities. Major issues to be discussed during the symposium are habitat conservation, captive management, and reintroduction to wild reserves. Second International Symposium on the Biology of Deer May 28-June 1, 1990 Mississippi State University A sequel to the international symposium on the Biology of Deer Production held in Dunedin, New Zealand in 1983, this symposium will convene scientists, managers, and farmers concerned with the biology and management of cervids. The symposium will offer plenary lectures, oral and poster presentations, and informal workshops wherein scientists can present and discuss recent advances in our knowledge of the biology of cervids as well as their application to the management of farmed and wild deer. For further information, contact: Dr. Robert D. Brown, Chairman, Biology of Deer Symposium, Dept, of Wildlife and Fisheries, P.O. Drawer LW, Mississippi State, MS 39762 (601) 325- 3830; FAX 601-325-3299. The 14th International Hcroetological Symposium on Captive Propagation and Husbandry June 20-23, 1990 Dallas/Ft. Worth, TX For further information contact Dr. Michael Uricheck at (203) 754-6839. The International Society of Zooculturists June 21-24, 1990 Cincinnati, OH Third annual conference at Cincinnati Zoo. For further information contact the office of Executive Director Ed Maruska, Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden, 3400 Vine St., Cincinnati, OH 45220. Gorilla Workshop June 22-25, 1990 Powell, OH The Columbus Zoo is hosting a three-day Gorilla Workshop with the emphasis on behavioral solutions to behavioral problems in the captive gorilla population. For further information contact: The Great Apes Staff, The Columbus Zoo, Box 400, 9990 Riverside Dr., Powell, OH 43065. (614) 645-3426; FAX (614) 645-3465. Herpetologists League/Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles Combined Annual Meeting August 5-10, 1990 New Orleans, LA Held at Tulane University. For further information, contact Dr. Harold Dundee, Dept, of Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118 (504) 865-5191. 151 Coming Events. Continued Wilfltfe-CQn$eryatiQn in Metropolitan Environments A National Symposium on Urban Wildlife November 11-14, 1990 Cedar Rapids, IA For more information contact: Natinal Institute for Urban Wildlife, 10921 Trotting Ridge Way, Columbia, MD 21044 (301) 596-3311 or (301) 995-1119. Information Please I am interested in any information regarding the display and care of Black Howler Monkeys ( Alouatta caraya ) or White-handed Gibbons ( Hylobates lar ). Exhibit design, photos, special care, diets, and other information would be appreciated. Please send to: Mike Thell, Primate Keeper, St. Paul's Como Zoo, Midway Parkway and Kaufman Drive, St Paul, MN 55103. We are interested in hearing from any institutions or keepers who have experienced chronic bloody and/or loose stools in their Capybaras ( Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris ). We have experienced this problem with animals in our collection and have been unable to determine either a cause or cure. Anyone who has had such problems with their capybaras is asked to send anv information, including diets and treatment used with these problems to: Barb DeBoer, c/o John Ball Zoological Garden, 1300 W. Fulton, Grand Rapids, MI 49504. We are trying to compile information on captive African servals ( Felis serval ) and would greatly appreciate those keepers working with servals sending information on diet, housing, exhibit design, breeding habits, number of offspring, ages of parents and any other pertinent information they may have to: P.A.W.S., Box 121, New Berlin, WI 53151. We are looking for information on Gemsbok, or South African Oryx {Oryx gazella). Our main area of concern is temperament of the animals, but any information on housing, diet, and breeding would also be appreciated. Please send to: Terry Male, c/o Metro Toronto Zoo, P.O. Box 280, West Hill, Ontario, M1E 4R5 Canada. Our FAX # is 416-392-4979. For the past several years, our Chapter has been experiencing great difficulty in getting permission to do voluntary work of any kind for our zoo due to the interpretation by the zoo's city government of the FLSA (Fair Labor Standards Act) laws regarding overtime. These laws state that any task which could be part of a keeper's regular job duties (as outlined in our job description) must be paid overtime, and of course our zoo cannot afford this extra budgetary expense, besides the fact that it would eliminate any “voluntary” projects the Chapter wishes to perfrom. We have suggested the use of signed waivers, but were told that they would not be legally binding. If any Chapter has any information or ideas as to how these laws can be dealt with or worked around, we would love to hear from you. Contact Ron Ringer or Gretchen Zeigler c/o Topeka Zoo, 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606. 152 Births & Hatchings Metro Toronto Zoo...is pleased to report the birth of 1.0 White rhinoceros ( Ceratotherium simum simum ) and the birth of 0.1 Pygmy hippo ( Choeropsis liberiensis). These births occurred in January 1990. On 19 March 1990, the Metro Toronto Zoo opened the Spotted-necked Otter Exhibit. The exhibit was designed and built by zoo staff and features sculptured rockwork and tropical plants typical of a rainforest stream. Underwater viewing allows visitors to enjoy the playful otters flaunting their swimming and diving skills in the two pools. This exhibit was funded by the Zoological Society of Metropolitan Toronto and The Mclean Foundation, In addition to the otter exhibit, “Singing in the Rain”, a new interpretive display featuring frog breeding at the zoo has opened. It includes a video and a question and answer board to test visitors' knowledge of amphibians. This was funded by a Federal Government Science and Technology grant and the video was produced by a local cable television company, submitted by Neil Porter, Chapter Liaison. Keeper Ken May with 0.1 White rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum) bom at the Metro Toronto Zoo in January 1990. (Photo courtesy Metro Toronto Zoo) 153 Births & Hatchings. Continued Cleveland Metroparks Zoo. ..1989 was a very productive year for us here at the zoo. Heading up the list of significant births is “Mookie” a 1.0 Chimpanzee ( Pan troglodytes ) born 9 June to 0.1 “Jackie” and 1.0 “Jimbo”. This was Jackie's second infant towards which she showed all the proper chimp maternal behaviors, but failed to lactate. After 24 hours of observation, the baby was pulled and hand-raised by our consulting veterinarian. A three months of age, Mookie came back to the zoo and was placed in a nursery type situation. Feedings, changings and playtime is divided among 6-8 different keepers, both male and female. We feel this has been advantageous to the infant's adjustment by not being totally attached (imprinted) to one individual and this will hopefully help in the future when he goes to another institution. Also in the Primate and Cat Department we celebrated the births of our fairly consistently- reproducing primates: 1.2 Geoffroy's tamarin ( Sanguinus geoffroyi), 1.1 Ringtail lemur ( Lemur catta ) and 1.1 Goeldis monkeys ( Callimico goeldii). Two firsts for both our zoo and the animals were exciting additions - in December a 1.0 baby Siamang ( Hyolobates syndactylus ) was discovered clinging to its mother. Right from the start, “Honey” was a very attentive first-time mother and “Ugh Mug” did his part as dad. In the “Animals of China” section we were very pleased with the birth of 2.0 Binturongs ( Arctictis binturong). Once again, this first-time mother instinctively knew what to do and successfully raised both young. One of the most unusual births was not the animal but rather the situation. In July, two Red Kangaroo ( Megaleia rufa ) joeys were observed peeping from their mothers' pouches. Soon thereafter it was observed that one joey was being pushed from the pouch and kept trying to gain access to the other mother's pouch. Natural mother and baby were isolated and it became apparent the adult female rejected her infant. At that time it was decided to bring in the other mother (mother to the adult female and grandmother to the rejected infant) and see what might transpire. The orphaned joey immediately went to “Grandma” who accepted and successfully raised both young joeys. In other marsupial births, 1.2 Bennetts wallabys C Macropus rufogriseus) joined the collection. The already largest and most genetically diverse herd of Masai giraffe ( Giraffa Camelopardalis tippelskirc ) in the U.S. welcomed the addition of its newest members, 2.0 “Bernie” and “Teddy”. They represent the first offspring sired by 1.0 “Bert” with 0.2 “Lyndi” and “Twiggy”. This brings our current herd size to seven with one more due in a month or so. Also born in the African Plains were 1.0 Grant's zebra ( Equus burchelli ) and 1.0 Waterbuck ( Kobus ellipsoprymnus ). In the Bear Department, our Polar bears ( Ursus maritimus ) have come through again this year successfully producing 2.0 twin cubs. This was 0.1 “Snowball” and 1.0 “Nauyat's” 9th and 10th cubs. The three adults (“Daisy ” being the other female) have successfully raised a total of 16 cubs. The hatchings this year were average in quantity but high in quality. 0.0.5 Spur-winged goose eggs ( Plectropetrus gambensis ) were pulled when the mother left the nest and were placed in an incubator, hatched and raised to adulthood. A first for our zoo was the clutch of 0.0.2 Greenwing macaws ( Ara chloroptera). Other Psittaciforme hatchings include two endangered species, 0.0.2 Scarlet macaws (Ara macao ) and 0.2 Military macaws ( Ara militaris). Including these last two chicks, the total number of offspring from the Military macaw pair numbers 26. “Whiskey” and “Bandit”, Citron cockatoos ( Cacatua sulphurea citrinocristata ) are a pair it was thought would never reproduce. Both came to us as donated pets that “outgrew” their homes. They were introduced and placed into a cage complete with nestbox. Shortly thereafter, 1 egg was laid, hatched and mother-reared. So don't give up on those “pets” that can’t be reintroduced. The last of our hatchlings was the first Macaroni penguin ( Eudyptes chrysolophus) hatched at CMZ. Both parents, along with 8 others, were taken from the wild in 1985 as youngsters and allowed to pair on their own. After numerous infertile eggs, a fertile eggs was laid, incubated and raised successfully by both parents, submitted by Debbie Copeland, Vice President, Greater Cleveland Chapter, Cleveland, OH. 154 Births & Hatchings, Continued These 2.1 Cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) cubs were born at the Metro Toronto Zoo on 27 October 1989. They represent only the second cheetah births in the 15 year history of the facility. (Photo courtesy Metro Toronto Zoo) St. Louis AAZK Chapter.. .announces the following significant B&H at their institution from June to December 1989: The hoofed mammal area has had its usual steady flow of new births. The most notable was a male Speke’s gazelle ( Gazella spekei ) born 13 June. As a potential breeder, he increases the population of this species to 12.20 individuals in North American institutions. A Lesser kudu ( Tragelaphus imberbis ) from the zoo's herd gave birth to a 0.1 calf on 16 December. The St. Louis Zoo has long been a forerunner in the propagation of this species, the zoo's symbol. Other hoofed mammal births include: 1.0 Sable antelope (Hippotragus niger) bom on 17 August, 0.1 Addax ( Addax nasomaculatus ) born on 9 July, 1.1 Bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis ) born 7 May and 22 June, and 1.0 Gerenuk (. Litocranius walleri walleri) born 7 December. The St. Louis Zoo is currently one of only five North American institutions to house gerenuk. The elephant house was the site of three births: 0.1 Nile hippopotamus ( Hippopotamus amphibius) born 12 August; 0.1 Pygmy hippopotamus ( Choeropis liberiensis ) born 1 December; and 1.0 Malayan tapir (Tapirus indicus ) born 5 December. Sadly, the elderly mother of the pygmy hippo died suddenly one month after the birth and the baby is now being hand-reared by elephant house keepers. Other mammal births around the zoo include twin (0.0.2) Cotton-top tamarins ( Saguinus oedipus) bom at the primate house on 29 October. A trio of California sea lions ( Zalophus calif ornianus ) were born in June, 0.2 survive. These two surviving pups give the zoo a total of sixteen sea lions born here since 1979. The bird department is proud to report two major hatchings and a complement of other successes. In 1988, the St. Louis Zoo was the only North American zoo to successfully hatch the Bateleur eagle (Tetrathopius ecaudatus). Our good fortune has continued into 1989 with another hatching (0.0.1; on 9 December. The second important hatching was 0.1 155 Births & Hatchings. Continued Micronesian kingfisher ( Halcyon cinnamomina ) produced by our pair on 28 August. Notable North American hatchings include 0.0.2 Trumpeter swans ( Cygnus cygnus buccinator) on 18 June; 0.0.3 Aleutian Canada geese ( Branta canadensis) in June, and 0.0.20 Ruddy ducks ( Oxyura jamaicensis). In July, 0.0.2 Paradise cranes ( Anthropoides paradisea) and 0.0.4 East African crowned cranes ( Balearica regulorum ) were hatched out. Also hatched in the month of July was 0.0.1 Temminck's fruit dove ( Ptilinopus porphyrea). The bird house's Pied imperial pigeon pairs ( Ducula bicolor) have had a good showing with two hatchings on 3 November and 26 December. The nine Pied imperial pigeons on display here make up a significant portion of the captive population. The reptile house had several significant B&H during 1989. Leading the list were 12 Emerald tree boas ( Corallus caninus) born 6 September. Six Ball pythons ( Python regius) and 15 Blood pythons {Python curtus) all hatched on 30 June. The Blood python clutch was especially noteworthy in that it is the second successful reproduction of this pair in less than a year. In addition, 1 Leopard gecko {Eublapharis macularius) hatched on 25 June and 3 Philippine sailfln lizards {Hydrosaurus pustulatus) hatched on 25 August. All of these animals are on display in the reptile house, submitted by Steven Tomey and Ross Horton, St. Louis AAZK Chapter, St. Louis, MO. m Conservation: Can We Fit It In Our Show? By Tara Gifford and Marty Sevenich Seven Seas Panorama Brookfield Zoo, Brookfield, IL Since 1962, when Brookfield Zoo built the original Seven Seas Panorama, the zoo has maintained a marine mammal facility. Through the years, the zoo has been home to dolphins, seals, walrus, and sea lions. For more than a quarter of a century, there has been a dolphin show or training demonstration of some type. The show has evolved through the years, but recently we have been striving to add more educational content. Balancing education and entertainment is always a difficult task. The ideal is to have visitors learn about the animals while having fun. The Brookfield Zoo dolphin show has long had a number of educational aspects, including the dolphins' physical adaptations to the water, mammalian characteristics, demonstrations of strength and agility, and behaviors that occur naturally. This past year our goal was to incorporate a message about conservation into the show. We wanted people to learn not only about the Brookfield Zoo dolphins, but also to discover something about the dolphins' ocean home, their relatives in the wild, and other creatures who share their marine habitat. We decided first to focus on the growing problem of plastic waste. Plastic waste fatally impacts the lives of thousands of marine animals. Animals become entangled in plastics and drown. Some plastics, confused as food items, are ingested. Could we convey the urgency of this issue without lecturing our audience? Staff brainstorming sessions were held and we decided to put the conservation message in the form of a skit. It had to be short and to the point. We wanted it to be strong yet entertaining. The animals had to have an active role without distracting the audience from the conservation message. What did we come up with? 156 Conservation; Can We Fit It In Our Show?, Continued Bermuda shorts and a flowered shirt enter stage left. A "tourist" strolls past the pool, drinking soda pop and tossing plastic litter into the dolphins' pool. When all of the garbage is in the pool, the dolphins are cued by the trainer to throw the garbage out of the pool, directly at the tourist. The tourist seems surprised and confused about what to do with the plastic garbage. The trainer on stage motions to the garbage can labeled "Please don't pollute, save our oceans and lakes". The tourist deposits the garbage in the can and the dolphins thank the tourist by doing tail slaps and presenting the tourist with a fish as a sign of appreciation. During the skit, a recorded message explains how plastics can kill wildlife, how much of it is dumped into the oceans, and what individuals can do to help the situation. The entire skit lasts about two minutes before the rest of the dolphin show begins. The audience seems to enjoy and understand the conservation skit. During the conservation skit at the Brookfield Zoo's Seven Seas Panorama, dolphin "Nemo" throws plastic garbage back at the "tourist". (Photo by Rich Weissensel) This project has been more than writing a script and choosing appropriate music. There were a number of other factors involved: the trainers acting, designing the props, and training the dolphins for their role in the conservation message. Another factor was designing "garbage" for props. It was important that this garbage could not harm the animals or our visitors. It had to be large-so the visitors could see it and the dolphins could not swallow it. The props also had to be light weight so they would not injure the tourist or zoo visitors. Our show props include sytrofoam cylinders that resemble soda pop cans, two-liter plastic bottles, and a garbage bag wrapped around a pool float. Next we trained the dolphins for their role in the skit. They needed to do three types of behaviors: play behavior, toss the garbage out of the pool, and show their appreciation when the tourist properly disposed of the trash. 157 Conservation; Can We Fit It In Our Show?. Continued Playing in the water needed to be surface behavior. We used previously trained back floats and speed runs. To toss out the garbage, we trained the dolphins to throw objects at a kick board target, keeping the objects under control until we decided exactly where we wanted the props to be thrown. Initially, we used familiar toys, then desensitized the dolphins to our prop garbage. The appreciation was previously trained tail slaps with one dolphin presenting a fish to the tourist. At the end of the show there is a reminder to keep all dolphins' homes clean-and we ask the audience to pick up their own garbage before they leave. Since we started the conservation message we have seen a cleaner stadium and have had positive feedback from zoo visitors who enjoyed hearing about conservation. They have encouraged us to expand our conservation topics. Our conservation skit has room for improvement. We would like to refine the taped message, perfect the trainer's timing, and increase the dolphins' involvement. We could also expand it by involving the sea lions, with the potential for many humorous variations. If the sea lion came to the dolphin show, instead of tossing the garbage out of the pool, the sea lion could deliver it right to the tourist or to the trash can. Another possibility is to do a pollution message at the sea lion exhibit about plastics or about not feeding zoo animals. At Brookfield Zoo we have found that by adding a two-minute conservation message to our dolphin show, we have made a positive step in increasing public awareness and, we hope, increasing our visitors' respect for the environment. It is an important part of our responsibility as educators not only to protect the animals in our care, but also protect their wild relatives. With this in mind, we intend to address tuna fishing, oil spills, and drift net fisheries in the future. If we start today, the oceans of tomorrow can remain a resource that all living creatures can share. 158 Quality exotic animal diets CPirrTDI Tim Nutritionally balanced OtLibV 1 tVUM Fixed formulation • Economical When you need a complete line of high-quality dry and frozen animal diets for your feeding program, call Animal Spectrum. h \ Frozen tel me diets Frozen bird of prey diets Frozen canine diet i Chunk and chopped horsemeat, hearts, livers, rib, shank, knuckle bones, and tailbones Banana flavored primate, 15% protein dry Banana flavored primate, Pro-Plus 25% protein dry SPECTRUM Leaf Eater primate dry Omnivore dry Llama Vitamins & Minerals dry Polar Bear dry Marmoset/Tamarin dry Ratite dry Hoofstock supplement, with Selenium dry i BROOD-RITE HEATERS Bulbless heaters— nothing to break Safe around all animals and bedding material. Even heat distribution in 240, 500, or 750 wattages. GENTLE TOUCH™ BEDDING One call does it all 1-800-228-4005 FAX 308-534-7015 Animal Spectrum, Inc. P.O. Box 721 North Platte, NE 69103-0721 The Rehabilitation of Bats By Ken Kundel, Keeper Little Rock Zoo, Little Rock, AR Once again in June and July (1989) we received injured bats for rehabilitation. Injuries ranged from heat stress (the most common type) to broken wings. All but two bats were received with heat stress. Generally we see female bats with three young. It would appear that caring for more than two babies is more than the female bat can deal with, she becomes dehydrated and exhausted from carrying the extra weight. Usually we get tree bats; as the females of this group carry their young rather than setting up a nursery colony like the bats which frequent attics and caves. These bats are the Hoary bat ( Lasiurus cinereus ) and the Red bat ( Lasiurus borealis). We also see Brazilian free-tailed bats ( Tadarida brasiliensis) and the Big brown bat ( Eptesicus fuscus ) since we have colonies of both in the Zoo. When I receive a bat, it is examined to determine the nature of its injury. If it is heat stress and the bat is carrying young, the female will be given as much Gatorade® as she will take in two or three feedings and she will be offered ’bat food' once. The young will be given Gatorade® once and will be fed watered-down evaporated milk every two hours and are left clinging to their mother during the entire operation. Just before releasing the female and her young, the young are evaluated for health and alertness. If there are any young that are weak or slow to respond to stimuli, they are removed for hand-raising; or if the female is caring for more than two babies the "extra" babies are also pulled. With the female bat now ready to release with as many as two strong babies, we now await dark. Bats must be released in the evening as the bright light of the day (even a cloudy one) will confuse the bat and lead to its demise. The baby bats that are pulled from their mothers will be set up in a nursery cage and begin their lives with a foster mother. The reason I pull the "extra" babies is that a female bat seems to be able to care for only two little ones at a time. This gives the released female and two babies a better chance of survival. The nursery cage consists of a 10-gallon aquarium. The bottom of the aquarium is covered with newspaper to make cleaning easier. Big brown bats and Brazilian free-tailed bats have a piece of cork bark on one side of the cage for a roost. Hoary bats and Red bats have a small branch on one side for a roost. The tree bats will become greatly distressed if they are kept in a cage that is not furnished with a small branch, even if there is other roosting available. All bats are offered water in a shallow dish on the opposite end from their roost area. Cages must be cleaned every day as the baby bats are susceptible to many diseases. Baby bats are housed three to four per cage and by species. If you mix some species or overcrowd your cages the bats will kill each other. The first day or two baby bats are fed every two hours until they become accustomed to my feeding method. I use a lcc syringe with a piece of rubber tubing attached to the end for a nipple. They usually start refusing some feedings and eating more at others. When the baby bats are two weeks old they feed about every six hours. By the fourth week they are feeding at dusk and dawn. For the first three weeks baby bats are fed watered-down evaporated milk with vitamins added. During the fourth week they are offered 'bat food'; this consists of Espalac® or Unilact® (a carnivore milk substitute), ground mealworms, ground whole adult mice (mice are cooked to kill any infectious organisms), vitamins, gelatin and water. This has the watered-down evaporated milk added to aid in the weaning process. The bats' new diet is served in a shallow dish, like a baby food jar lid. As the bats start to accept the new diet, less and less milk is added. 160 Rehabilitation of Bats, Continued. As the bats are being weaned they start to exercise their wings in preparation for their first flight. In order to get the bats ready to release, they have to learn to fly. For this I use an empty room that could be closed tightly. The bats are allowed to fly until they are tired. Although the first few flights ended with a crash, the bats soon had flying mastered. The next thing to do was to train the bats to catch and eat moths and other nocturnal insects. This is done by first placing whole insects into the 'bat food' and getting the bats used to eating the insects. I then start offering live insects in the food dish. When the bats are accepting the live food regularly, I start playing catch with the bats while they are exercising and cut back on the solid food offered in the dish. Once they are catching and eating insects this way they are flown in a room full of nocturnal bugs. Attracting insects is easy to accomplish by leaving a window open and a light on in the exercise room. By watching the bats fly and by taking a preflight weight and a post-flight weight it can be determined if the bat is catching insects on its own. When the bat is feeding itself it is ready to release the next evening. Although no rehabilitation program is totally successful, I was able to release 60% of the bats I received. I also leaned many things from each bat that did not make it to a releasable point. Part of what was learned from the bats that died was the problems of the 'bat glop' formula. Bats fed this diet usually lost their hair and died two weeks later. It was decided that since no causative agent was found that the problem was probably dietary in nature. After consulting extensively with Dr. Baeyens DVM, we decided to make the following changes: “bat glop” use equal parts by wt. mealworms hard-boiled egg yolk cottage cheese banana pinch of pervinal “bat food” 50g mealworms 20g Espalac® 50g whole cooked mouse 5g pervinal 5 ml linatone 50mg vitamin C 1 packet gelatin Bats that were fed the "bat food" after losing their hair usually grew their hair back and progressed to the point of release. In the years to come I shall be banding all of the bats that I release in an attempt to track down their colonies and to check their progress. Rehabilitating bats has been as rewarding as it has been aggravating and even with the successes this year, I hope to do even better next year. Literature Cited Baeyens, M. D.V.M., Personal communication Barnard, S.M. 1988, Hand-raising Infant Insectivorous Bats, Animal Keepers' Forum 15(7):224-226. Barnard, S.M. 1986. Feeding Captive Insectivorous Bats: Maintenance of Food Colonies Animal Keepers' Forum 13(3):81-87. Barnard, S.M. 1984. Hand-raising Insectivorous Bats. Animal Keepers' Forum. ll(8):254-259. Soagy, D. Bat Biologist, U.S. Forest Service, Mount Ida, AR. Personal communication. Tuttle, M. Bat Conservation International, Austin, TX. Personal communication. 161 Book Owls of the Northern Hemisphere By Karl H. Voous Illustrated by Ad Cameron The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA 1989 Hardcover, 320 pp. $55.00 Review by Nancy Bent, Keeper Bird Department Brookfield Zoo, Brookfield, IL This excellent book by a Dutch team of ornithologist and illustrator will be a welcome addition to any natural history library. Ad Cameron's artwork alone would make it a worthwhile buy. The pictures are precise in their rendering and accurate in their use of color, setting each owl in a sketchy depiction of its habitat. They are also extremely beautiful - presenting markings, plumage attributes, and general body attitude in such a way that the "gestalt" of each owl species is readily apparent. There is also a page of the artists' preliminary sketches presented for each species. I could find little to quibble with about the illustrations, even of owls I was most familiar with. The text is equally superb. Dealing with the 47 species of owls occurring north of the tropics, the author does not try to present a handbook on owls nor a dry scientific treatise. He refers to the text as a "work of love", and the writing style is perfect for the layperson. The species descriptions are self-contained. Each combines a general summary with a detailed account. Each species' write-up is divided into the following sections: (1) introductory remarks, (2) general, (3) geography, (4) structure, hearing and vision, (5) behavioral characteristics, (6) ecological hierarchy, (7) breeding habitat and breeding, (8) food and feeding habits, (9) movements and population dynamics, (10) geographic limits, (11) life in man's world, and (12) concluding remarks. The author includes a summary of all that is known about each topic for each species, and points out areas of controversy or aspects where more research is needed. The book includes a range map for each owl in a separate section following the species accounts. The maps show each species' distribution on a map of the world, which gives a good general idea of where each owl is found. For more exact locating of an owl on the edge of its range, or for those species with a patchy distribution, regional handbooks or field guides would have to be consulted. The major flaw with this otherwise fascinating book is the bibliography, and this cannot be blamed on the author. The publisher has made the questionable decision to string the citations one after another as a single block of text, rather than the more usual method of listing each citation separately. Though the author’s names are printed in capital letters, the print is so small that it is difficult to locate a specific citation. Therefore, though the bibliography appears to be very complete it is extremely frustrating to use. I can only guess that the publisher selected this method as a space-saving device, but it is a major distraction from an otherwise beautifully-presented book. Overall, I would recommend this book highly, despite the less than useful bibliography. The art and text make it well worth the somewhat steep price. If individuals cannot afford it they should urge their zoo or public library to purchase it, as this definitive book will be appreciated by all users. 162 Brooding Behavior of Spot-Billed or Grey Pelican ( Pelecanus philippensis) at Arignar Anna Zoological Park, Madras, India By Dr. S. Paulrqj, A. Manimozhi and S. Kalyanasundaram Arignar Anna Zoological Park, Madras-48, India Introduction A perusal of recent volumes of International Zoo Yearbooks revealed that there is no record on the breeding of the Grey pelican ( Pelecanus philippensis ) in captivity although many reports were available about the breeding of other pelican species. Grey pelicans are reared in many zoos and also bred in a few zoos in India (The Guindy Deer Park, Madras, India has been successfully rearing and breeding this pelican for the past three years - personal communication from K.K. Chaudhuri, Wildlife Warden, Madras). There are many reports on the pelicanrys in India indicating certain aspects of breeding (Gee, 1960), but no detailed reports are available on their breeding behavior. The present study may be the first report on the brooding behavior of the Grey Pelicans. Hpuging and Feeding Young grey pelicans (4 pairs) of the age of about a month were captured from a wild nest during April 1986. Initially they were reared in small cages for about six months. Then they were released into an aviary along with herons and egrets. They wrere fed with fresh dead Tilapia fish. They showed mating activity (mounting) during March of 1988. However, they neither built any nest nor laid any eggs. As they were disturbing the nests of the herons and egrets inside the aviary, they had to be separated and were kept in an enclosure (12.4 m x 12 m x 3 m height) and provided with a pond measuring 10.25 m radius and 0.5 m deep. Along with these grey pelicans, other birds such as teals, cormorants, gulls, darters, etc. (total 32 birds including pelicans) were also kept. Brooding Behavior ( The pelicans showed mating activity during March 1989 and started laying eggs in one of the feed vessels which was made of concrete (0.30 diameter). After seeing this, nesting materials such as twigs and hay were provided near the nesting site. The pelicans collected the nesting materials and built a nest in the same feed vessel. The female laid eggs and started brooding the eggs from the date of the laying of the first egg. The exact date of laying of each egg by this particular female were not recorded. Another female also started laying eggs in another feed vessel kept near the previous one. This female started laying her eggs only after a nest had been constructed out of the provided nesting materials. The eggs were laid on 8, 14 and 17 March, 1989. Qbs&ryatiQn Q.f(.hg, Brooding BphayiQr Observation on the brooding behavior of these two sets were made from 12 March 1989 onwards during the day from 0800 to 1700 hours daily. Both pairs took part in brooding, but only on their own eggs. Sexes were identified by the presence of longer bills on the males (Ali and Ripley, 1983). Apart from this characteristic, we also noted that dots on the males' bills were darker and more prominent than those on the females (see Fig. 1). To facilitate easy identification of each pair, each bird was marked with iron wire rings. The two pairs never attempted to brood the others' eggs although their nests were located very close to each other. 163 Brooding Behavior in Grey Pelicans, Continued Observations on the following aspects were made: 1. Duration of brooding, by both the male and the female. 2. Flippering of wings during brooding. 3. Brooding temperature. 4. Defensive behavior. FIGURE 1: A male (bill with dark pigmentation) and a female pelican brooding over the eggs near the water tank. Observe also the position of the wings and the nesting materials. Observation and Results; During the observation period, the male and female of each pair took shifts in brooding their clutches. The duration of brooding by the male and the female during the observation period revealed that the male spent more time in this activity than did the female. This is statistically significant only in the case of the first-laid clutch ('t' - 6.2: n = 22; p < 0.05). Both the males and females sat over the eggs by keeping their webbed feet on the eggs and covering them with their under body parts. They never used their wings to cover the eggs (Fig. 1). On many occasions both the male and female pelicans raised their wings slightly and started flippering. Such flippering behaviors were observed up to 11 times in a day (mean: 7.81 SD ± 2.11, n = 21 for the first clutch; mean: 7.48 SD ± 2.54; n - 21 for the second clutch). The duration of flippering for each occasion ranged between one minute to 34 minutes (mean duration 9.38 minutes SD ± 1.94, n = 21 for the first clutch; mean duration 10.09 minutes SD ± 1.73; n = 21 for the second clutch. The time of day variation of the duration of flippering is shown in Figure 2. The brooding temperature was noted by keeping a thermometer in the clutch. The average brooding temperature for the male was 98.7° F ± 0.87 (n=6) and for the female it was 98.5° F ± 1.5 (n=6). There is no significant difference between sexes in their brooding temperatures. While comparing the body temperature (this was determined by inserting a thermometer into the cloaca) with the clutch temperature, the former was always higher and ranged between 104° F to 108° F with a mean of 105.5° F ± 1.4 (n=6). The body temperatures of male and female were not considered separately. 164 Brooding Behavior m Grey Pelicans, Continued During our observation it was found that the male was very aggressive while sitting on the eggs. When a human approached very near to the clutch (about 3 meters) the female tended to fly away from the nest, whereas the male became aggressive and started attacking the intruder with its beak while remaining on the clutch. This sort of aggressive behavior was also noted when other birds (including those of the same species) came near the nest. Both sets of pelicans were brooding their eggs continuously until 4 April 1989. On that date, a cobra was noted at the site and the pelicans flew away from their clutches. After that, neither male or female of either pair resumed brooding. On 10 April 1989 we removed the eggs from both clutches and tested them to determine is any embryo development was present. The single egg from the first clutch did not show any embryo development. The eggs (3 in all) from the second clutch were examined and did have live embryos in them. This was revealed when one of the eggs was broken. It was then decided to brood the other two eggs from this clutch under a domestic fowl. Our attempt was successful and one of the two eggs hatched out on 20 April 1989 and a fully-developed hatchling was obtained. But the domestic fowl never showed any parental care and it simply ran away from the brood once the hatchling starting coming out of its egg. This hatchling was then hand-reared by feeding it minced fish. Although the young pelican was feeding normally, it died six days after it had hatched. FIGURE 2: Time of day variation in the flippering activity of the brooding pelicans. 165 Brooding Behavior in Grev Pelicans, Continued Discussion Captive breeding of pelicans was reported in brown pelicans ( Pelicanus occidentalis ) by Dooley (1969) and in hybrid pelicans (P. crispus and P. rufescens) by Klos (1979). The incubation period reported by them for the hybrid pelicans was 35 days and for the brown pelican it was about 33 days. Salim Ali and Ripley (1983) reported 38 days of incubation for grey pelicans. Our grey pelican eggs took 42 days for hatching (including 6 days of non- incubation period). The practice of brooding only their own eggs by pelicans was reported in brown pelicans (Dooley, 1969). This same practice was observed by us for grey pelicans. We further observed that any pelican eggs from one clutch which were placed with eggs of another clutch, were broken by the brooding pelicans. The incubating temperature of grey pelicans (36.96° C to 37.09° C) observed by us was the same for hybrid pelicans (37.6° C to 37.8° C) reported by Klos (1969). The flippering activity of the brooding pelican showed two peaks. The exact reason for this flippering activity is not known. Such flippering may increase body temperature. There are no reports regarding male aggressiveness during brooding in pelicans. The breeding period of grey pelicans in captivity coincides with the breeding periods in the wild (Gee, 1960 and Neginhal, 1977). The first author wishes to express his sincere thanks to M. Colleen Kinzley of Brookfield AAZK Chapter, for sponsoring me as a member of AAZK which is encouraging me to publish our observations in Animal Keepers' Forum on a regular basis. The authors wish to express their sincere thanks to Mr. S. John Joseph, Principal Chief Conservator of Forests, Mr. P. Padmanaban, Chief Wildlife Warden and to Mr. P.K. Ponnusamy, Director, Arignar Anna Zoological Park for their encouragements. This is publication No. 9 on captive breeding from this Zoological Park. Eteferfinraa Dooley, R.E. and Heyland, R., 1969. Notes on breeding Brown Pelicans (Pelecanus o. occidentalis). Int. Zoo Yb. Vol. 9. 120-121. Gee, E.P. 1960. The breeding of the Grey and Spot billed Pelican (. Pelecanus philippensis). J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. Vol. 57(2): 245-251. Klos, U., 1969. A brief note on the incubation and rearing of pelican hybrid. Int. Zoo. Yb. Vol. 9 121-122. Neginhal, S.G., 1977. Discovery of pelicanry in Karnataka. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc.. Vol. 74(1): 169. Ali, S. and Ripley, S.D., 1983. Handbook of the Birds of India and Pakistan. Delhi. Oxford University Press, Oxford and New York. 166 m£ A S' p/4cE T o 670 plant species collected from Zimbabwe and Kenya during a field study in September; results are currently being summarized. The project involved researchers from the New York Zoological Society, Wildlife Conservation International, the Zambezi Rhino Project, and World Wildlife Fund. Information on vitamin E levels in diets of free-ranging elephants and rhinos, as well as physiological and clinical studies in zoo animals, should assist in evaluating and improving captive feeding programs for these critically endangered species. The Dark Side By Lisa A. Landres, Investigator The Humane Society of the United States Washington , DC On 21 January, 60 Minutes featured an investigative report that dealt with the surplus animal problems faced by many zoos. The Humane Society of the United States (HSUS) felt the report was informative, but unfortunately it uncovered only the tip of the iceberg. The surplus animal situation is best known to those keepers working around hoof stock, big cats, and the few other prolific species. These are the areas where unplanned or indiscriminate breeding often take place. Therefore, it is certainly no surprise to those working with these animals that surplus may be sold to animal dealers on a routine basis, destination unknown. The zoos apparently feel that upon transferring an animal to a licensed dealer, their responsibility ends. However, as you know, that dealer can then sell the animal to someone else. It can end up at an auction, a research facility, hunting ranch, circus, or in the hands of a private individual. Once at an exotic animal auction, the animal goes to the highest bidder, period. This is beyond the control of the zookeeper unless a united front approaches the zoo management and proposes alternatives. Such alternatives might include chemical or surgical contraception, or merely separating males from females. One solution to the problems of exotic animal auctions and hunting ranches is to stop the problem at a major source: zoo surplus. Now, what about the surplus animals that never leave the zoo grounds? What about all the animals, large and small, that have been pushed off into a corner behind the scenes, somewhere in your zoo? Excess animals within zoos are often condemned to live out their lives (or a large portion of them) in holding cages, meant for temporary placement only. Often, these animals are forced to live in tiny areas, frequently in isolation, often without proper shelter or adequate facilities to meet their basic needs, for months or even years on end. This is the dark side of the zoo, the part we try to forget or rationalize away, in order to keep both our sanity and our jobs. Sometimes these holding areas are so barren that we see normal animals begin to exhibit abnormal behaviors, many times leading to self- mutilation. Have you ever been so disturbed that you couldn't sleep because of some of the miserable lives animals lead right inside the zoo? Even in the best of zoos there are conditions that lead to heartache for a compassionate keeper, and suffering (mental and physical) for the excess animals. I know this is true because I worked at the San Diego Zoo for over 10 years, and I saw surplus animals regularly living for extended periods in small, temporary holding cages. I commiserated with fellow keepers at the sad fate of many of these "excess" animals. We tried (often in vain) to get conditions changed or improved. However, the wheels of progress turn slowly, even in the bigger zoos. I met with and spoke to keepers from other zoos who expressed the same dismay and frustration as we felt. I learned that an awful lot of animals in zoos throughout the country are not being treated fairly or humanely, even within the best of zoos. I began to realize that if things like that occur in the larger zoos, they must be even worse elsewhere. I also came to realize that there are alot of fine, dedicated keepers out there who really care, and who are just as upset and frustrated as I am. I now feel that we need to work together to make progressive changes within our zoos. Our concern, first and foremost, should be for humane care and maintenance of all animals within the zoo. 168 VIEWPOINT. Continued Many times zoo animals suffer out of neglect; not necessarily keeper neglect, but rather institutional neglect. Often, animals reduced to mere numbers, become a low priority item. Often it appears that zoo management doesn't care or understand the real problems and concerns involved in daily animal care. Welfare issues seem to be easily ignored. How many times have you heard the phrase, "No overtime", even though you are understaffed and good, decent animal care is impossible under the circumstances. Zoos all over claim that they're low on funds, but they still have an obligation to provide for all of their animals. This includes proper housing, food, mental and physical stimulation, socialization, and an adequate number of professional zoo keepers to properly care for and maintain the animals. The priorities of the zoo keepers (usually animal care and welfare first) and the priorities of zoo management (often economic concerns first) are frequently in conflict. Zoos that claim that they don't have enough money to properly provide for their animals shouldn't have them. The USDA Animal Welfare Act provides zoos with the MINIMUM standards they must comply with in regard to facilities, space requirements, food, sanitation, veterinary care, employees, handling, and transportation. Contact your local USDA office to get a copy of the Animal Welfare Regulations, and refer to Subchapter A, Subpart F. Read it and use it; it might help in some circumstances. What about the treatment of animals used in rides and shows? What about the handling and training of animals? These can be areas of great concern. It is sometimes difficult and often frustrating to bring animal welfare concerns to the attention of zoo management, only to see no action taken. Many keepers are afraid to do so, afraid to rock the boat or be labeled a trouble maker. That's really a shame because ultimately the animals are the ones who suffer. But, if you feel your job is at risk, it can be an intimidating prospect at best. Believe me, I know, because I was the one who brought to the attention of zoo management the beating of Dunda, the African elephant at the San Diego Wild Animal Park. I learned first-hand how difficult it can be when you speak out for animal welfare issues within the zoo. There are places to turn, however, if you have animal welfare concerns that are not being addressed properly (or at all) within your institution. One of the places you can turn is to The HSUS. I am now working as an investigator dealing with captive wildlife issues. Because I was a keeper, I know first-hand the kind of problems you may be dealing with. I understand the setting in which you work and have seen many of the situations you are facing. I also understand the politics of zoos and the risks of going "outside" for help. But you do not necessarily have to risk your job to make a confidential report or complaint. The HSUS wants zoo animals to receive the care that the animals deserve and that zoos are obligated to provide. We want to work together with zoo keepers and other zoo staff to assure that only the highest standards of professional animal care are employed. Let's face it, we all want the same thing: the elimination of unnecessary suffering, neglect or abuse of zoo animals. Please contact us if you have an animal welfare problem at your zoo, or know of a problem that is not being handled properly. Call (202) 452-1100. There is something you can do, and you don’t have to do it alone. HSUS, 2100 L Street NW, Washington, DC 20037. 169 Kenya Diary 1990 By Andy Lodge Ngare Sergoi Support Group, Inc. Columbus, OH On the Brink of Extinction; A Ngare Sergoi Journal Jan 8, 1990 ■ Arrived in Nairobi late last night. Bill Pittinger, a friend of mine from Columbus, is with me this trip. When we arrived we found out Bill's luggage didn't. We will have to spend an extra day in Nairobi to see if the bags catch up. Jan 9 - Had to leave this morning, the bags didn't show up. Hope they do soon. Arrived at the reserve at about two o'clock in the afternoon. Anna and Sarnia were waiting for us. Sarnia is no longer the little girl, but a three-quarter grown female rhino. The reserve is greener and prettier than I've ever seen it, lots of rain this year. Anna looks well, and seems to be doing fine. Spent the rest of the day getting settled in. Jan 10 - Went out this morning to look at the rhino. It was good to see my old friends again. They look happy and healthy. Got a look at the new white rhino calf. People from Audubon Magazine were here today. The magazine is doing a full issue on African wildlife and want to do an article on Anna. I drove the photographer around to take photos of Anna and Sarnia. I hope the article will bring more attention to the plight of the black rhino. Jan 11 - Did the rhino check this morning and went to visit William Craig to work out details for a touring company in New York. SafariWorld wants me to lead Kenya tours for them, with two days here at Lewa Downs, and a tour of the Ngare Sergoi Rhino Sanctuary and a chance to meet and talk to Anna. William, who is in charge of the tourist operation, was most cooperative and said we could surely work something out and make it an interesting and educational experience for the people who take these tours. This evening Anna and I went over the books and totaled up the donation for the year from the Ngare Sergoi Support Group. Thanks to the hard work and unselfish generosity of a lot of good people, particularly the American Association of Zoo Keepers, I’m happy and proud to report we have sent $42,000 to protect and care for the rhinos of Ngare Sergoi. Everyone involved with this project sends their sincere thanks to the concerned and caring people of North America. Jan 12 - On the rhino check this morning we observed the young bull, Kelele, breeding with a cow named Stumpy. It was great to see Kelele breeding as he was young and always intimidated by Godot, the magnificent bull that was tragically slaughtered by Shifta in Meru Park after he was moved from here in 1988. I know an animal like Godot will never be replaced, but we all hope for the best in young Kelele. This evening, Bill, Anna, and I took dinner up on top of one of the mountains on Lewa Downs. We had a nice picnic with a beautiful view of the reserve in the full moonlight. On the way back we saw eyes shining in the distance. With the aid of our flashlights we watched two cheetahs on a night hunt. A good ending to a good day. Jan 13 - Today's Bill's birthday. As he likes horseback riding, Anna took him to a friends to go riding. As I don't do well with horses and never enjoyed riding, I stayed back to read and work on my diary and some other articles. For lunch we went to a place called Kentrout, it's a trout farm and it also serves one of the best lunches around. It also is one of the few places you can see colobus monkeys. We were lucky enough to see two of these beautiful primates today. 170 Kenya Diary 1990. Continued When we returned to the reserve Jane Craig called on the radio to tell us that the elephants had come on to Lewa Downs last night. Bill and I drove over in the Suzuki four-wheel Anna lets me use while I'm here. We counted around sixty-six, with many calves. The elephants here are not nervous and don't run when they see people like they do in most of Kenya. It seems they know they're safe inside the boundaries of Lewa Downs and needn't be in constant fear of sudden death. Jan 14 - Word came that a wild rhino has been seen near Womba. Anna, Bill, and I, along with three trackers are leaving in the morning to see if it’s there; if it is, Ian Craig will have a capture team ready to go. As luck would have it I came down with dysentery today, if it doesn't clear up I'll stay back and rest and recover, as I want to be well enough to help on the capture. I would never go on a search or capture if I wasn’t 100%. Getting a rhino to safety is far more important than to try to go and end up being a burden, which I feel would be selfish and stupid, so I'll rest tonight and hope I feel better tomorrow. Jan 15 - I'm feeling much better this morning. We left the reserve for a six-hour drive over some very rough roads to reach the area where the rhino has been seen. We arrived at a Samburu village in the area and met with the people who were to take us to the rhino. We drove back into the bush as far as we could in the four-wheel truck, parked, and Anna and the trackers went on foot, leaving Bill and I to watch the truck and equipment. They were gone about an hour and returned with the great news that they had found fresh rhino tracks. As we were too far away to contact the reserve by radio, we left immediately to get to the top of a mountain about half way back towards the reserve. We reached the foot of the mountain after dark and proceeded up the steep road to the top. On reaching the top Anna contacted the reserve with the good news. Ian Craig set the wheels in motion for the assembly of the capture team. Our trackers built a fire and made some Samburu tea, and some corn meal type of substance which we ate and then threw our sleeping bags on the ground to get some rest. We will leave for the reserve first thing in the morning. Jan 16 - Woke up to a beautiful sunrise far atop the mountain; what a quiet, wonderful place this is. We made tea and loaded the truck for our return. Arrived back at the reserve about ten o'clock. Anna filled Ian in on the trip and plans are to leave for the capture Friday. I’m excited as I will be participating in my first wild rhino capture. If people ever wonder if the donations to this project are well spent, believe me these people are doing a hell of a job. They truly care and are the most dedicated conservationists I've ever had the honor of knowing. The rest of the day was spent sorting our gear and making plans for the upcoming capture. Jan 17/18 - These last two days have been spent getting everything ready for the capture; we leave early in the morning. Jan 19 - Ian and Jane Craig picked me up around seven in the morning for the trip up. Bill and Anna will follow later. We arrived in the area around two o'clock. The first thing we did was set up a base camp and clear the runway for William Craig and the super cub, our small airplane. Tim, our chopper pilot, arrived as did Deiter, our vet. Colin Fracombe and his wife, Rocky, are here also. Colin runs the Laikipia rhino reserve. I was glad to see him, it had been three years. By dusk everyone had arrived, including the Kenya Rhino Capture Team with the crate. Had dinner and everybody went to sleep early as we start tomorrow as soon as it's light. Jan 20 - Set out this morning in groups of four to try and pick up the tracks. About eleven o'clock it rained which will wipe out last night’s tracks and make it much more difficult to locate the rhino in an already difficult, dense and bushy area. I went up with Tim in the chopper to look for him, but no luck. In fact no luck today at all; will do the same tomorrow. Jan 22 - More rain last night, but everyone got an early start. About two o'clock fresh tracks were found. Tim and the vet plus Bill were in the chopper. Bill is videoing the capture attempt. I'm with the Kenya Capture Team with the big lorry containing the rhino crate. We are in radio contact with the chopper, the trackers are very close but haven't sighted it yet. It's getting late and at three o'clock it was called off because there would be 171 Kenya Diary 192& Continued, a lack of daylight if the rhino is darted now. But everyone is optimistic about tomorrow and let's hope the rain holds off. Tomorrow will be our last chance as the chopper must go back to Meru, so the animal must be found by two o'clock tomorrow afternoon. Jan 23 - No rain last night. We have an early start, must find it today. Around ten o'clock the animal was spotted. Things started to move fast. Bill went in the chopper with the vet, I was on the ground with the capture team. At eleven o'clock the animal was darted. We moved quickly with the crate through heavy bush, cutting a path with machetes as needed. Reached the downed rhino in about twenty minutes. We were told we had an eight-year-old male in excellent condition. Great news as it will be a new blood line for the females of Ngare Sergoi. The crate was lowered and moved into place, the rhino’s head was maneuvered into the front of the crate with a rope attached to his head going out a hole in the back of the crate. We had about twelve men on the rope to pull and the rest of our people behind him to push. The vet gave him the reversal drug, he came up very fast and ran into the crate. We have some great video of him charging into the crate. Bill was knocked off the back by the impact of the animal hitting the back of the crate, but did a great job of getting most of the crating on tape. The rhino was secured in the crate and loaded on the truck for the trip back to the reserve. He will be released in a holding pen at the reserve till he settles down and then let out with the others. Being here and experiencing this operation gives me a new appreciation of what professional and dedicated people I have the privilege of working with and supporting through the Ngare Sergoi Support Group. I know the money we send to Kenya is used in the most urgent and important conservation efforts to save this great animal. I know some people in the States wonder if the money is being used wisely, I hope you believe me when I tell you it couldn't go to a more hard-working and dedicated group of people than the Ngare Sergoi Rhino Team. Today has been a day I shall remember always. I know my decision to devote my entire efforts to help this project is paying off and I will continue to do all I can to make sure they can continue with this effort. As we are breaking camp, a near tragedy happened as William Craig took off in our small place; the motor seized about two minutes off the ground and he was forced to make a crash landing in heavy bush. Thankfully he was alright, but the poor little super cub wasn’t. We will have to leave the plane till we find a truck to come back and get it. We left two men to guard it till then. Bill and I leave tomorrow for home with the knowledge that there is hope for the future of the wildlife in Kenya. (Andy is available to give talks on Ngare Sergoi and the plight of the black rhino. You may contact him by writing Ngare Sergoi Support Group, Inc., P.O. Box 29503, Columbus, OH 43229 or by calling (614) 885-0458.) 172 Kenyan Safari for Ngare Sergoi Support Group NOVEMBER 24 - DECEMBER 8, 1990 Two weeks in which to explore the best Game Reserves and Parks of Kenya and meet Anna Merz in her rhino sanctuary at Lewa Downs. View the game of Amboseli in the shadow of Mount Kilimanjaro; see the variety of unique species that make the rough, dry terrain of Samburu their home; wonder at the prolific birdlife at Lake Nakuru and cross the floor of the Great Rift Valley to visit the Masai Mara, northern extension of the legendary Serengeti Plain. Under the leadership of Andy Lodge, Coordinator of Ngare Sergoi Support Group, we invite you to join a group of like-minded travellers who have taken the plight of the Rhinoceros to heart and wish to make a positive contribution to the fight to save the species of Kenya. The itinerary comprises two nights each in Nairobi, Ambosili, Lewa Downs, Samburu and the Masai Mara, and one night at Lake Naivasha. Transportation will be in new Nissan Vans with velour-covered bucket seats, operated by friendly, expert drivers. At Lewa Downs your game viewing on the Ranch will be with a member of the Craig family in their four-wheel drive vehicle. Round trip air travel is on Pan American Airways scheduled flights. Land cost per person sharing twin accommodations is $1799 which includes a donation of $150 per person to Ngare Sergoi. The single supplement is $425, but single accommodations are limited. Group airfare from New York is $1430 plus applicable taxes. Special add-on fares are available from connecting cities and will be quoted upon request. A deposit of $400 per person will reserve your place and should be sent to: Safariworld! Ngare Sergoi Support Group 40 East 49 Street P.O. Box 29503 New York, New York 10017 Columbus, OH 43229 (212) 486-0505; 1-800-366-0505 (614) 885-0458 Paid Advertisement 173 Legislative Outlook By John Stoddard AAZK Legislative Advisor Chicago, IL Condor Range & Rivers Act Please note the following corrections to the report on condor habitat protection that appeared in the April 1990 AKF. H.R. 1473, which passed the House last October, would protect 387,000 acres of wilderness, add three rivers to the Wild and Scenic River System, and study one river for possible future inclusion. There is also another bill — S.637 — that concerns itself with condor habitat preservation but environmentalists claim that it is not as strong as S.1625. Both Senate bills are awaiting committee action. > From Sierra Club national news on EcoNet Computer Network Recycling fever hits Congress Numerous bills promoting recycling, packaging reduction, waste reduction, and consumer awareness have been introduced into Congress over the past few months. The list below gives the titles or brief descriptions of the various pieces of legislation. H.R. 500 H.R. 586 H.R. 871 H.R. 1457 H.R. 1593 H.R. 1652 H.R. 1691 H.R. 1804 H.R. 1810 H.R. 2115 H.R. 2156 H.R. 2162 H.R. 2284 H.R. 2648 H.R. 2676 H.R. 2845 H.R. 2853 H.R. 3032 H.R. 3094 H.R. 3105 H.R. 3127 H.R. 3264 Recyclable Materials Science and Technology Development Act of 1989 Beverage Container Reuse and Recycling Act Establishment of a National Packaging Institute Waste Reduction Act Used Oil Recycling Act of 1989 Recycling Information Clearinghouse Act of 1989 Amendment to Internal Revenue Code of 1986 — tax on paper products that don’t contain a minimum amount of recovered material. Municipal Solid Waste Reduction Act of 1989 Amendment to the Solid Waste Disposal Act to promote recycling activities. Plastic Container Labeling Act of 1989 Plastic Container Identification Act of 1989 Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator Act of 1989 Amendment to the Solid Waste Disposal Act to regulate disposal of ash. Consumer Products Recovery Act of 1989 Establishment of a Solid Waste Prevention Program Recycling Promotion Act Battery Recycling and Research Act of 1989 Recycling Act of 1989 Amendment to the Solid Waste Disposal Act Recyclable Consumer Plastics Act of 1989 Establishment of national goals for reduction and recycling of solid waste. Clean Environment Protection Act 174 Legislative Outlook. Continued H.R. 3268 H.R. 3395 H.R. 3463 H.R. 3483 H.R. 3516 H.R. 3641 H.R. 3654 H.R. 3663 H.R. 3735 H.R. 3736 H.R. 3737 Solid Waste Transportation Act Hazardous and Solid Waste Management Act of 1989 Requires the Federal Government to recycle materials. Newsprint Recycling Incentives Act of 1989 Amendment to Internal Revenue Code of 1986 — income tax credit for the recycling of hazardous wastes. Environmental Crimes Act of 1989 Newspaper Incentive Recycling Conservation Act of 1989 National Recyclable Commodities Act of 1989 Waste Materials Management Act of 1989 Waste Export Control Act Amendment to Internal Revenue Code of 1986 — excise tax on certain uses virgin materials. of S. 196 Municipal Waste Combustion Control Act of 1989 S. 932 Beverage Container Reuse and Recycling Act S. 1112 Municipal Solid Waste Source Reduction and Recycling Act S. 1113 Waste Minimization and Control act of 1989 S. 1181 Consumer Products Recovery Act of 1989 S. 1237 Degradable Commodity Plastics Procurement and Standards Act of 1989 S. 1585 Solid Waste Compact Act of 1989 S. 1754 Solid Waste Disposal Act Amendments Act of 1989 S. 1762 Newsprint Recycling Incentives Act of 1989 S. 1764 Newsprint Recycling Act of 1989 S. 1884 National Recyclable Commodities Act of 1989 S. 1885 National Recyclable Commodities Financing Act of 1989 S. 1921 State Regulation of Solid Waste in Interstate Commerce, Authorization > From Global Action Network on EcoNet Computer Network Wild Chimpanzees Given Endangered Status The Interior Department Assistant Secretary for Fish and Wildlife and Parks, Constance Harriman, announced that wild populations of the chimpanzee and all populations of the pygmy chimpanzee are to be reclassified from their current “threatened” status to the more critical “endangered” status under the United States Endangered Species Act. Captive chimpanzees are to remain listed as threatened and subject to special regulation. “Most populations of wild chimpanzees have deteriorated to such an extent in the last decade that ‘endangered* best describes their status in the wild,” Harriman said. “This action provides wild chimpanzees additional protection under the Endangered Species Act and should provide a strong deterrent to individuals who illegally remove chimps from dwindling wild populations.” The Department's USFWS will continue to employ current special regulations to govern captive chimpanzee populations held in the U.S. The agency also will tighten import restrictions on captive chimpanzees from countries having wild populations in order to discourage any further taking of chimpanzees from the wild. The Service proposed this action in February 1989 after conducting a comprehensive status review of wild chimpanzees and pygmy chimpanzees. The review was prompted by a peti- tion to reclassify the species submitted by the Jane Goodall Institute, World Wildlife Fund, and the Humane Society of the United States in November 1987. The petition presented evi- dence of a drastic decline in wild chimpanzee populations due to massive habitat destruc- tion, fragmentation of populations, excessive local hunting, and international trade. The chimpanzee has disappeared from 5 of the 35 countries in which it is known to have occurred. Its numbers have been reduced to fewer than 1,000 individuals in 10 countries; to 175 Legislative Outlook. Continued fewer than 5,000 in six others; and to fewer than 10,000 in 2 of the remaining 4 countries. The estimate of total wild chimpanzee numbers is approximately 175,000. An estimated 1,100 to 1,450 chimpanzees are held by biomedical facilities in the U.S. and many are part of a national captive chimpanzee breeding program. Without the availabil- ity of these captive chimpanzees, the Service believes research probably would be done by others, perhaps in foreign countries using wild-caught animals and their progeny. Thus, the Service believes severe restrictions on the use of captive animals in the U.S. could both discourage breeding efforts here and lead to greater demand for wild-caught animals else- where. The Service will closely monitor the viability of the U.S. captive population. The pygmy chimpanzee occurs only in Zaire. It is considered common only in a few scattered localities, with the most reliable population estimate being around 15,000 animals. It is threatened primarily by habitat loss though slash-and-burn agriculture and commercial logging, and by local taking for food, pets, or use in religious rituals. The pygmy chimpanzee actually is about the same size as the chimpanzee but has a narrower chest and larger lower limbs. Very few chimpanzees have been legally imported to the U.S. since the chimpanzee was listed as a threatened species in 1976. However, commercial trade has continued else- where, and there has been a trend toward the killing of adult females both for local use as meat and in order to secure young chimps for export. Chimpanzees reproduce slowly, with few adult females raising more than two young to maturity. According to Dr. Goodall, “The continued removal of infants from wild populations (even if it does not involve the killing of breeding females) will, within a relatively short period of time, bring wild chimpanzees to the verge of extinction in Africa.” Chimpanzees also are susceptible to many of the diseases that afflict people, and wild populations are being exposed to infectious diseases as they come into increasing contact with expanding human populations. >from Dept, of Interior News Release, March 12, 1990 In December 1988, Victoria Scrivener was killed by a tiger at the Taronga Park Zoo in Sydney, Australia. As a matter of policy when a work-related death occurs involving an animal keeper, AAZK sends a letter of sympathy to the family and zoo. We expect and usually receive no reply. Several months following the tragedy I received a moving letter from Victoria's mother. Although Victoria was not a member of AAZK, the letter from her mother conveys the deep bonds which seem implicit between all keepers and other zoo folks. I want to share the letter from Vicki's mother with the membership as the following letter of sympathy from AAZK represented the membership and so the membership should also share the feelings of Vicki's mother. On behalf of the AAZK I want to thank you, Mrs. Iris Scrivener for sharing the love of your daughter with us. - Frank B. Kohn To the Parents and Family of Victoria Scrivener: On behalf of the American Association of Zoo Keepers I want to extend to you our deepest sympathy over the death of your daughter, Victoria. The small size of the world's zookeeping force creates a very close network of people who may be strangers but still have much in common. When a tragedy of this nature happens, we are all affected and grieve together. 176 Victoria Schrivener Letter . Continued Comforting words are difficult to find at a time like this. I did not know your daughter personally, but I believe that she was working as a keeper out of dedication and love. Animal keepers all want to preserve the wildlife that makes this world so beautiful and unique. I know that your daughter's efforts in her chosen field made you proud of her. Our hearts are with you. Sincerely, Frank B. Kohn, President Dear Mr. Kohn, How can I find adequate words to thank you and the members of the American Association of Zoo Keepers for their most moving letter to us following the death of my daughter, Victoria. Coming as it did only fourteen months after the sudden death of her father, you can imagine how it has devastated the lives of her brother, Andrew and myself and so we were touched indeed to know that our loss was being shared by the people unknown to us, far across the world. Animal keepers are very caring people, I know and our Vicki was immensely interested in all aspects of animal life and preservation and in the different methods used by zoos world- wide to keep endangered species from extinction and in the most suitable conditions for their well-being and comfort. She had a fine collection of reference books which were in constant use as she was not one to undertake something new without first reading all she could about the subject. She was an "Out-door" girl who in her spare time loved nothing better than to ride her beloved horse along our bush trails accompanied by her faithful Great Dane or to compete with one or the other in Show events; so her life was truly dedicated to animals and her work at Taronga the fulfillment of an early ambition. Your letter will always remain one of my most treasured possessions and I am sorry it has not been acknowledged long before this but it has only just been passed on to me this week. Andrew joins with me in thanking you once more for your very special letter. It is only with such kindness and support that we will be able to face future in which there is no Vicki. Yours Sincerely, Iris Scrivener The late Vicki Scrivener with giraffe 'Terry" at Taronga Zoo, Sydney, Australia. 177 Chapter News Metro Toronto Zoo Chapter Newly elected officers are: President Karen Mottram Vice Pres Andrew Lantin Vice Pres Dan Pearson Secretary Dianne Devison Treasurer Harry Hofauer Conservation Officer.. Luisa Steinsky The Chapter would like to thank Marilyn Cole for several years of devotion to the position of President of the MTZ Chapter. Marilyn decided this year that it was time for someone else to be elected to the office, so she can get on with the many other projects she has taken on for AAZK. In February the MTZ Chapter held a wine and cheese meeting and membership drive. The night was a success as several new members joined, including Dr. Rapley, the new Executive Director of Biology & Conservation, and with Dr. Rapley's support we should be able to sign up more members. Our “Bowling for Rhinos” was held on 19 February and it was a successful and fun-filled night. The Chapter has taken on Sears Canada to have them remove the python skin cowboy boots from their stores and spring/summer catalogue. It seems that Sears is noting that this particular species ( Python reticulatus ) is listed as CITES Appendix II, on which species are defined as “threatened with extinction”. So it seems that Sears is quite comfortable with the destruction of these animals until they are termed “Endangered Species” and listed on Appendix I. We also realize that other western shops sells them, but we feel that Sears, as a corporate leader, should take a stand and remove them from their stores. This idea was started by Luisa Steinsky, the Chapter Conservation Officer. -Neil Porter, Chapter Liaison Louisville AAZK Chanter The Chapter has been very active with “Bowling for Rhinos”. They challenged the Indianapolis Zoo for most money earned and also got Domino's Pizza to donate a dollar for every stamped coupon redeemed. They are also selling the Ngare Sergoi rhino pins which sell for $12 and may be ordered through Valerie Haft at Louisville. Other projects have been zoo tours for company picnics, sponsoring keepers to attend conferences, and co-sponsoring a Raptor Rehab program. The Chapter had a photo booth at Halloween where children could have their pictures taken in the batmobile. The photo booth project brought in $1700 with the Chapter spending $200 for the batmobile and $400 for film. Most of the proceeds went to the Raptor Rehab program. Future projects still in the planning stages are a grant program for AAZK members, a support group for International Society for Endangered Cats, conference sponsorships and a video library. -Valerie Haft Fort Wayne Children's Zoo Chapter Current officers for the Chapter are: President Elaine Kirchner Vice Pres Beth Skiles Secretary Michelle Alwine Treasurer Mary Lyon Chapter Liaison. ...Margaret Borg Brookfield Zoa AAZK Chapter The Brookfield Zoo Chapter continues its monthly lecture series. Carolyn Raffensperger from the Sierra Club spoke in February and in March the Chapter heard from Dr. Monte Loyd of the Chicago Rainforest Action Group. The Chapter held a Silent Auction which netted them $1,300 and also participated in concert with the Lincoln Park Chapter in “Bowling for Rhinos”. -Colleen Kinzley, President 178 Chapter News. Continued Lincoln Park Zoo AAZK Chapter Lincoln Park Chapter, in an effort to increase AAZK awareness and membership, formed a membership committee to speak to each keeper personally. The Chapter has two meetings per month, one for officers and one for the general membership. Last quarter's activities included a pool tournament fundraiser, “behind-the- scenes” tour of the zoo for Brookfield Zoo and Shedd Aquarium colleagues, a booth at the National Dog show where we sold T-shirts, etc. which made $156, and provision of coffee breaks for delegates at the Dr. Scholl Nutrition Conference. The Chapter also participated in “Bowling for Rhinos”. -Norah Farnham, Chapter Liaison Cleveland Metroparks Chanter Current Chapter officers are: President Scott Wright Vice Pres Deb Copeland Secretary Nancy Wright Treasurer Kim Miller Program/Entertainment Chairman.. ..Jeff Polcen The Chapter held a program at a local school and received $66.96 (186 lbs. of aluminum cans) collected by the school. The money went to Guanacaste Natinal Park, Costa Rica through the GSFBA Chapter's Ecosystem Survival Plan program. The Cleveland Chapter also participated in “Bowling for Rhinos”. -Nancy Wright, Secretary Columbus Zoo AAZK Chanter The Chapter is working on a sunscreen project and “Bowling for Rhinos”. Also, it continues to hold keeper luncheons and to collect aluminum cans and glass for Ngare Sergoi Support Group and other conservation projects (National Audubon Society Project Puffin, Ohio Non-game Wildlife Fund, etc.). In exchange for time sorting cans and glass, the Chapter will pay $1.00 per hour towards a member's local and national dues. -Nancy Pintaualli, President Greater San Francisco Bay ikea Chapter At their April meeting Chapter members heard guest speaker Ron Martorana speak on “The Role of Vitamin E Supplementation in Elephants and Indian Rhinoceros”. Ron is a Veterinary Technician at the S.F. Zoo. Ron also reported on the Dr. Scholl’s Nutritional Conference held in Chicago. The Chapter sponsored a booth for Earth Day 1990 at which they sold Rainforest Crunch, described as “an all natural, addictive buttercrunch chock full of brazil and cashew nuts harvested from the Amazon rainforest.” The Chapter is selling Rainforest Crunch as a fundraiser with profits going toward the purchase of habitat through the Ecosystem Survival Plan. If your Chapter might be interested in selling it for a fundraiser, contact the San Francisco Chapter for further information. -Chapter Flyer Toledo Chanter AAZK Due to the responsibilities of her new position as President, Suzanne Husband has resigned as Chapter Liaison. Tom Benner will now hold the position. Please direct all pertinent information to him. The Chapter has awarded its 1990 research grant to Bruce Clark. Bruce, a senior keeper in our mammal department, will use the $500 grant to help finance a primate study in Peru. We have also formed a committee to refine the grant's rules and procedures. The Chapter recently participated in a local mail's charity bazaar. The Chapter was able to inform the public about the organization while raising money for the 1991 Conference. -Suzanne Husband /Tom Benner Limited Number of 1989 Conference Proceedings Available for Sale If you have not already ordered your copy of the Proceedings from the 1989 AAZK National Conference held inSyracuse, NY, there are a limited number of copies available following the pre-order mailing. These will be sold on a first come, first served basis. To order, fill out the form below and return to AAZK Administrative Offices, 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606. Cost is $7.00 for AAZK members, $12.00 for non-members. Orders outside the U.S. and Canada should add $3.00 extra per copy for postage costs. Papers published in the 1989 Proceedings include: The Animal Data Transfer Form • Update: Zoo Infant Development Project • Gummivory: It's Significance and Potential Use in Captive Wildlife • Techniques Used in the Hand-Rearing and Subsequent Reintroduction to Her Mother of a Lowland Gorilla • Hand-Rearing, Growth and Development of Fisher • Zoo Atlanta's Search for the Red Ape • Management and Breeding of the Southern White Rhinoceros • Quarantine and Acclimatization of Bee-Eaters at the San Diego Zoo • Bull Asian Elephant Facility at Dickerson Park Zoo • Hand-Raising Scarlet Ibis • Neonatal Growth Weights in Guenther’s Dik Dik • The Making of a Zoo-The Newark Mini Zoo • Research in Natural Habitat Enclosures at the Duke University Primate Center • Introduction of a Male Colobus to an Existing all-Male Group • Behavior and Management of Small Deer at the San Diego Zoo • Waste Reduction Program at Metropolitan Toronto Zoo • The Use of Ultrasound in Managing a Breeding Colony of Galago • Keeper Personality Survey • A Tropical Renaissance: It's All in a Day’s Work • Husbandry Notebooks and Unit Procedures • Rain Forest Husbandry at the National Aquarium in Baltimore • Brookfield Zoo Intern Program • Developing Educational Shows with Available Animals and Staff • M.A.Z.E.-Magnet Assisted Zoo Education • and The Creation and Operation of a Native Hummingbird Exhibit. Also included in the Proceedings are An Overview of the 1989 Meeting of the AAZK Board of Directors • A Synopsis of the Australasian RAP Session • and the handout materials from a workshop on "A Simple Method for Primate Cycle Evaluations". 1989 Conference Proceedings Order Form I wish to order copy (ies) AAZK Member Non-Member ($7.00 each) ($12.00 each) Orders outside U.8. and Canada add $3.00 per copy for postage. TOTAL ENCLOSED $ Name: _ Address: State/Province: Phone: City: — Zip/Postal Code: CHAPTER AND REGIONAL AFFAIRS COMMITTEE Director of Chapter and Regional Affairs Committee • Bill Whittaker, Toledo Zoo, 2700 Broadway, Toledo, OH 43609 (419) 385-5721 Ext. 251; (419) 381-0377 (h). Assistant TWr-tn^- - Colleen Kinzley (west) [312] 485-0263 Ext. 489 [w]; (312) 528-8412 [h] and NancyPintavalli (east) (614) 645-3400 [w]; (614) 766-6475 [h]. REGIONAL COORDINATORS Elandra Aum, Woodland Park Zoo, 5500 Phinney Ave. N., Seattle, WA 98103 {206} 625-2244 [w] for the State of WA (North Pacific Coast) Mike Mig, Washington Park Zoo, 4001 S.W. Canyon Rd., Portland, OR 97221 for the State of OR (North Pacific Coast) Celeste Northrop, San Diego Zoo, P.O. Box 551, SanDiego, CA 92112 for Southern California and Southern Nevada [South Pacific Coast] David Luce, Fresno Zoo, 892 W. Belmont, Fresno, CA 93728 (209) 488-1549 [w] for Mid-California [South Pacific Coast] VACANCY for the States of ID, MT, WY (North Mountain) John Turner, Denver Zoo, 23rd St. & Steele, City Park, Denver, CO 80205 for the States of UT & CO, (South Mountain) Ed Hansen, Reid Park Zoo, 1100 S. Randolph Way, Tucson, AZ 85716 for the States of AZ & NM [South Mountain] Carla Wieser, Omaha’s Henry Doorly Zoo, 10th St. & Deer Park Blvd., Omaha, NE 68107 for the states of NE & IA (North Plains) Wendy Davis, Lake Superior Zoo, 7210 Fremont St., Duluth, MN 55807 for the States of MN & IA (North Rains) Steve Tigges, Tulsa Zoological Park, 5701 E. 36th St. North, Tulsa, OK 74115 for the States of KS, OK, MO, AR (Central Plains) Debbie Jackson, Little Rock Zoological Gardens, #1 Jonesboro Dr., Little Rock, AR 72205 for the State of AR (Central Plains) Rick Smith, ( St. Louis Zoo), 6316 Washington Ave., University City, MO 63130 (mailing address) for the State of MO (Central Plains) Joanna Ameson, Lee Richardson Zoo, P.O. Box 499, Garden City, KS 67846 for the State of KS (Central Plains) Ann Marie Greco, San Antonio Zoo, 3903 N. St. Mary's St., San Antonio, TX 78212 for the States of TX and LA (South Plains) Joe Rindler, Columbus Zoo, 9990 Riverside Dr., Box 400, Columbus, OH 43065 for the States of OH and KY {Great Lakes Region) Colleen Kinzley, Brookfield Zoo, 3300 Golf Road, Brookfield, IL 60513 {312} 485-0263 Ext. 489 [w] for the States of IL and WI (Great Lakes Region) {312} 528-8412 [h] Lee Williams, Detroit Zoo, P.O. Box 39, Royal Oak, MI 48068 for the States of MI and IN (Great Lakes Region) Alan Baker, Burnet Park Zoo, 500 Burnet Park Dr., Syracuse, NY 1 3204 AND Mark Hofling, Bronx Zoo, 185th St. & Southern Blvd., Bronx, NY 10460 (212) 220-7115 {w} (212) 543-2753 {h} AND Jeannette Nadeau, Roger Williams Park Zoo, Elmwood Ave., Providence, RI 02905 for the States of ME, NY, VT, NH, MA, CT, and RI (North Atlantic Coast) Jon Brangan, Virginia Zoological Park, 3500 Granby St., Norfolk, VA 23504 {804} 441-2374 [w] {804} 625-0272 [h] for the States of PA, NJ, DE, MD, VA. WVA & DC (Mid-Atlantic Coast) Michelle Herman, Jackson Zoological Park, 2918 W. Capitol St., Jackson, MS 39209 for the States of TN and MS (South Atlantic Coast) Fred Alvey, Zoo Atlanta, 800 Cherokee Ave. S.E., Atlanta, GA 30315 for the States of GA and AL (South Atlantic Coast) VACANCY for the States of NC and SC (South Atlantic Coast) Betty Grogan, Jacksonville Zoological Park, P.O. Box 26767, Jacksonville, FL 332218 AND Tami RyfiJJreher Park Zoo, 1301 Summit Blvd., West Palm Beach, FL 33405 AND Mary Mure, Metrozoo, 12400 S.W. 152nd St., Miami, FL 33177 for the State of Florida VACANCY for the State of Alaska Dan Vitiello, Honolulu AAZK Chapter, Honolulu Zoo, 151 Kapahulu Ave., Honolulu, HI 96815 for the State of Hawaii Terry Male, Metro Toronto Zoo, Box 280, West Hill, Ontario, Canada MlE 4R5 for the Province of Ontario, Canada Bob Debets, Assiniboine Park Zoo, 2355 Corydon Ave., Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3P OR5 for the Provinces of Manitoba and Saskatchewan, Canada & {204] 837-1635 [h] States of ND and SD Dean Treichel, Valley Zoo, Box 3259, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T5J 2R7 for the Provinces of Alberta and British Columbia, Canada(403) 483-5525 [w] Chantal Routhier, Granby Zoo, 347 Rue Bourget, Granby, Quebec, Canada J2G 1E8 for the Province of Quebec 181 NOW AVAILABLE Zoonotic Diseases. 2nd Edition AAZK is pleased to announce the availability of the Second Edition of the Zoonotic Diseases Handbook. This 40-page reference work details the most common zoonotic diseases, offers guidelines for preventive control and covers personal hygiene and disinfection procedures. This Second Edition contains expanded listings of zoonotic diseases and has been formatted in 5 1/2" x 8 1/2" AKF size. Information on each disease is presented in a text format which includes Ethiologic Agent, Means of Transmission to Man, Global Distribution, Alternate or Intermediate Hosts, Human Incubation and Human Symptoms. Editor for this volume is Bruce Clark of the Toledo Zoo. Copies may be purchased by completing the order form below. Prices are: $5.00 for Professional AAZK members; $6.50 for all other AAZK membership categories; and $8.50 for non-members. The prices include shipping and handling within North America. Orders outside the U.S. and Canada should add $3.00 for foreign postage by Air Mail. Make check or money order payable in U.S. FUNDS ONLY to: "AAZK". Please allow 3-4 weeks for delivery. Zoonotic Diseases Published by The American Association of Zoo Keepers, Inc. Please send copy/copies of the AAZK Zoonotic Diseases Handbook to: NAME: ADDRESS: CITY: STATE: ZIP: MEMBERSHIP CATEGORY; P AF AS INST Non-Mem TOTAL AMOUNT INCUDED: $ Send to: Zoonotic Diseases, AAZK, 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606 Institutions wishing to advertise employment opportunities are asked to send pertinent data by the 15th of each month to: Opportunity Knocks /AKE 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka , KS 66606 . Please include closing dates for positions available. There is no charge for this service and phone-in listings of positions which become available close to deadline are accepted. Phone (913) 272-5821 Ext 31; FAX 913-272-2539. ELEPHANT KEEPER...exoenenced in the care and handling of elephants. Call or send resume to Terry Wolf, Lion Country Safari, P.O. Box 16068, West Palm Beach, FL 33416 (407) 793-1084. SENIOR ANIMAL KEEPER. ..strone background in Mammal, Bird, and Herptile husbandry essential. Duties include management of primate collection housed in hospital and quarantine of all incoming animals; responsible for day-to-day management of staff of 3 including organizing schedules along with good communication skills between vet and staff; animal keeper duties required. Two year's paid experience in the care and handling of animals (non-pet related) and bachelors degree in biology, zoology, animal science or veterinary technology required. One year's supervisory experience in related field preferred. Send resume to: Personnel Department, Baltimore Zoo, Druid Hill Park, Baltimore, MD 21217. The follow three (3) positions are open at Wildlife Safari , P.O. Box 1600, Winston, OR 97496 (503) 679-6761. If interested you should contact either Dr. Michael Briggs or Judy Zeno. ELEPHANT KEEPER... responsible for 2.5 African elephants 9 - 23 years of age. Previous experience desirable, but other qualifications will be considered. Will be required to care for elephants and eventually handle animals during rides and educational shows. Opportunity for participation in reproductive research. UNGULATE/CARNTVORE RANGER. ..responsible for care of a variety of free-ranging hoofstock and/or carnivores in drive through park. Involves diet preparation, feeding, cleaning and a variety of other tasks. Will also be assisting in reproductive studies on large cats. VOLUNTEERS. ..are needed for innovative no-human contact fawn rehabilitation program. Will gain experience in mammal rehabilitation as well as assist in research. Can be applied towards college credit. Great working conditions and pleasant location. ANIMAL HEALTH TECHNICIAN. ..ex perience with exotic animals required. AHT certification preferred. Duties include: lab work, supplies' maintenance/inventory/ordering; support services to veterinarian; MedArks records; and nursery assistance in handraising ungulates and carnivores. Send letter and resume to: John Lukas, Director, White Oak Plantation, Rt. 3, Box 226, Yulee, FL 32097. RELIEF KEEPER. ..part-time to assist the Director. Weekend availability required, $7.50/hr. to start. Prefer previous experience in felidae. Duties to include daily animal care and maintenance, record keeping, and enclosure upkeep. Must be extremely responsible and be available for flexible hours. Send letter of intent and resume to: Brandy Powers c/o Protective Association for World Species Sanctuary, Box 121, New Berlin, WI 53151. ANIMAL HANDLER. ..seeking individual with exotic/zoo animal experience-elephant handling experience preferred. High school diploma or GED required. Responsibilities include exhibit maintenance, basic animal husbandry, some diet preparation, ability to work well with veterinarian, and interact with the public. Salary $400 per week. Send resume and at least three (3) references to: Attn: Dr. Kispert, 3276 Auburn Rd., Utica, MI 48087. 183 Opportunity Knocks. Continued. ZOOKEEPER. ..requires two years of college-level coursework in zoology or related field and two years' experience in animal care at an accredited zoo. Qualified applicants will be placed on a register to fill future vacancies in all areas. Applicants with experience handling and caring for elephants are encouraged to apply for anticipated elephant keeper and/or lead keeper vacancies. For application materials, submit a stamped, self-addressed legal size envelope to: Larry Alcantara, City of Seattle Personnel Department, 446 Dexter Horton Building, 710 2nd Avenue, Seattle, WA 98104. ZOOKEEPERS! ANIMAL TRANSPORT ASSISTANTS..* isit the country's zoos - and get paid for it. AAZPA Registered Animal Supplier is looking for some energetic, well- groomed, resourceful people to assist in the transport of zoological specimens between zoos. Must be willing to work with a wide variety of animals as well as a very flexible work schedule. Good driving record a must. Requirements include high school diploma (college preferred) and experience working with exotics, with emphasis on hoofstock. Ability to present neat, clean appearance when representing company. Salary: House plus utilities, and starting pay of $10,000/yr. Send resume and 2 references to: Zoological Animal Exchange, P.O. Box 164, Natural Bridge, VA 24578 (703) 291-3205. ANIMAL HEALTH TECHNIC IAN. ..requires animal health technician degree and/or valid license or be eligible for New York State license. Prefer some exotic animal experience with a background of native wild animal care. Salary commensurate with experience. Send cover letter/resume to: Tim French, General Curator, Ross Park Zoo, 185 Park Avenue, Binghamton , NY 13903. EOE. W Information Please We are interested in information regarding the management, training, etc. of male dromedary camels ( Camellus dromedarius). Any information or data would be greatly appreciated. Please send to: Gail Weber, c/o Seneca Park Zoo, 2222 St. Paul St., Rochester, NY 14621. I am interested in any information concerning the successful breeding of the Magpie goose ( Anseranas semipalmata). If possible, please include exhibit layout, diets used, and whether birds were housed in pairs or larger groups. Also please indicate if birds were pinioned. Please send to: Tim Snyder, c/o San Antonio Zoo, 3903 N. St. Mary's St., San Antonio, TX 78212. For the first time in many years, we have had some mites on our snakes. In the past we have used the Shell "No Pest Strips" to irridicate the mites, but would like to find out what things other keepers have found to work on this problem. We have lost several tamarins to Crypttococcosis that our vet thinks may be coming in on the straw bedding. I would be interested in hearing from other facilities that have had similar problems. If you can help with information about either of the above, please send to: Peggy Ferebee, Curator of the Zoo, The Natural Science Center, 4301 Lawndale Dr., Greensboro, NC 27408. AAZK Membership Application Name check here if renewal [ ] City □ $30.00 Professional L~ Full-time Keepers □ $25.00 Associate Those not connected with an animal facility □ $20.00 Library Library subscription only Zoo Affiliation (if any) _______ Zoo Address _ — ___________ — State/Province Zip □ $25.00 Affiliate Other staff & volunteers □ $30.00 International All members outside U.S. & Canada regardless of category I 1 $50.00 or more Contributing Organizations & individuals Mail this application and check or money order (U.S. CURRENCY ONLY PLEASE), made payable to American Association of Zoo Keepers, Inc., to : AAZK Administrative Offices, Topeka Zoo, 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606 U.S.A. Membership includes a subscription to Animal Keepers' Forum. The membership card is good for free admission to many zoos and aquariums in the U.S. and Canada. INFORMATION FOR CONTRIBUTORS Animal Keeners' Forum publishes original papers and news items of interest to the animal keeping profession. Non-members are welcome to submit articles for consideration. Articles should be typed or hand-printed and double-spaced. All illustrations, graphs and tables should be clearly marked, in final form, and should fit in a page size no greater than 6" x 10" (15cm x 25 l/2cm). Literature used should be cited in the text and in final bibliography. Avoid footnotes. Include scientific name of species (as per ISIS) the first time it is used. Thereafter use common name. Black and white photos only accepted. Articles sent to Animal Keeners' Forum will be reviewed for publication. No commitment is made to the author, but an effort will be made to publish articles as soon as possible. Lengthy articles may be separated into monthly installments at the discretion of the editor. The editor reserves the right to edit material without consultation unless approval is requested in writing by the author. Materials submitted will not be returned unless accompanied by a stamped, self-addressed envelope. Telephone or FAX contributions of late-breaking news or last-minute insertions are accepted. However, long articles must be sent by U.S. mail. The phone number is (913) 272-5821 Ext. 31. FAX # is 913-272-2539. DEADLINE FOR EACH EDITION IS THE 15TEL DEHaLERECEDING MONTH Articles printed do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the Animal Keepers’ Forum editorial staff or the American Association of Zoo Keepers, Inc. Publication does not indicate endorsement by the Association. Items in this publication may be reprinted providing credit to this publication is given and a copy of the reprinted material is forwarded to the editor. Reprints of material appearing in this journal may be ordered from the editor. PRINTED IN U.SA. Forwarding & Address Correction Requested 9 © 05 CO ca O © w w C0 CD ^ H— ' 05 05 05 O 05 & o > w* t N O O w I 3 ! >d © 3 < ^ ( HH s o Animal Keepers' Forum Dedicated to Professional Animal Care ANIMAL KEEPERS' FORUM . 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606 June 1990 Editor-in-chief: Susan Chan Volume Seventeen Assistant Editor: Ron Ringer Number Six Animal Keepers' Forum (ISSN 0164-9531) is a monthly journal of the American Association of Zoo Keepers, Inc., 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606. Ten dollars of each membership fee goes toward the annual publication costs of Animal Keepers' Forum . Third Class postage paid at Topeka, KS. Postmaster: Please send address changes to: American Association of Zoo Keepers, Inc. Administrative Offices, 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606 Barbara Manspeaker, Administrative Secretary BOARD QF-.MREC.TQRS Oliver Claffey, Metro Toronto Zoo, Toronto, Ontario, Canada President Bob Debets, Assiniboine Park Zoo, Winnipeg, Manitoba Canada Vice President Frank B. Kohn, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC 20008 Immediate Past President Janet McCoy, Washington Park Zoo, Portland, OR 97221 Ed Hansen, Reid Park Zoo, Tucson, AZ 85716 COMMITTEE CHAIRPERSONS - PROTECT HEADS Conference Book Committee Tim Kelly, Assiniboine Park Zoo Awards Committee Jan McCoy, Washington Park Zoo Book Review Coordinator Rick Emmer, Cleveland Metroparks Zoo Staff Exchange Cynthia Simpson, Brookfield Zoo AAZK History Committee Art Goodrich, San Diego Zoo International Affairs Coordinators - Mona Conservation, Preservation* Restoration Keeper Training & Education {includes Library Resources, Reference Search, Program Library, and Keeper Training Materials) L.R/R.S. - Marilyn Cole, Metro Toronto K.T.M- Rosemary Jalink, Natl Aquarium Research/Grants Committee Susan M. Barnard, Zoo Atlanta Public-Education... Committee Ellen Bradfield, Zoo Atlanta Keith, Calgary Zoo (east) Pam McDougall, Calgary Zoo (west) (CPR) Committee - Bob Debets, Assiniboine Park Zoo Animal Data Transfer Form Bemie Feldman, Burnet Park Zoo AAZK Liaison to AAZPA/IZE Brint Spencer, Beardsley Zoological Gdns. Keeper Accommodations List Heidi Manicki, Metro Toronto Zoo An Approach to Zookeeping Pat Sammarco, Santa Fe Teaching Zoo Zoo Infant-Deyelopment Project Harmony Frazier-Taylor, Woodland Park Zoo AAZK Manual of Resources Elandra Aum, Woodland Park Zoo Exhibit Design Form Mark de Denus, Assiniboine Park Zoo Public Relations Liaison Tim Kurkowski, Zoo Atlanta Membership Directory Administrative Office Staff Diet Notebook Susan Bunn Spencer, Beardsley Zoological Gdns. Biological Values/Gestation Toni Danzig, Greater S. F. Bay Area Chapter Legislative Advisor John Stoddard, Chicago, IL By-Laws Review Marilyn Cole, Metro Toronto Zoo Zoo/Universitv List Mike Illig, Washington Park Zoo Nominations & Elections David Luce, Fresno Zoo Zoonotic Diseases Notebook Bruce Clark, Toledo Zoo Keeper Training Videotape Marilyn Cole, Metro Toronto Zoo/Production Coordinator Order/Distribution Center at AAZK Administrative Offices in Topeka Director of Chapter and Regional Affairs Committee Bill Whittaker, Toledo Zoological Gardens, Toledo, OH Assistant CRAC Directors Colleen Kinzley, Knowland Park Zoo (Oakland, CA) and Nancy Pintavalli, Columbus Zoo (Columbus, OH) Individual Regional Coordinators and the states they oversee are listed elsewhere in each issue of AKF. This month's cover is a tribute to the late Jean Hromadka, past AAZK President and elephant keeper at the San Diego Wild Animal Park. It was drawn by Yoshi. Yonetani of ZOO /Del, Kobe, Japan, from a photograph he had taken of Jean on his last visit to the San Diego area. As Yoshi. wrote with this drawing: “ It's an unbelievable matter, but Jean is alive in our spirits forever. Sa-Yo-Na-Ra! (So long)”. Thanks, Yoshi.! Scoops and Scuttlebutt AAZK Awards $500 Research Grant The AAZK Research/Grants Committee proudly announces their award of $500 to Wendy Lynn Marshall, Erie Zoological Gardens, for her research project entitled “The Use of an Enzyme Immunoassay for Urinary Pregnanediol-3-glucuronide to Detect Pregnancy”. Congratulations, Wendy! AAZK will annually award two (2) grants of $500 each to keepers interested in pursuing a specific zoo-related research project. Anyone interested in submitting a proposal should address their application requests to: Sue Barnard, Chairperson AAZK Research/Grants Committee Zoo Atlanta - Deptartment of Herpetology 800 Cherokee Ave., SE Atlanta, GA 30315 National Wildlife KehabiHtators Announce Grants Program The National Wildlife Rehabilitators Association announces its small grants program. This program makes available two $1,000 research grants in the field of wildlife rehabilitation. Each may be applied to one large project or several smaller research projects totaling less than $1,000. Applicants must demonstrate financial need and submit a typewritten proposal that includes: name(s) and resume of personnel involved, objectives of the project, a brief description of how the project will be carried out, a brief literature review, and an itemized budget. An annual report on progress is required. It is expected that those receiving MWRA support will present the results of their projects at an NWRA national meeting within 2 years of receipt of the grant. The deadline for submitting proposals for research grants is 15 December of each year. Recipients will be announced at the NWRA annual meeting in February and in writing. Proposals should be submitted to: Mark Pokras, DVM, Tufts University School of Veterinary Medicine, Wildlife Clinic, 200 Westboro Road, North Grafton, MA 01536. AAZK Chapters Makes Donations for Carver Brochure The Board of Directors of AAZK wish to thank the members of the Zoo Atlanta Chapter and the Flint Hills Chapter (Manhattan, KS) for their generous donations toward the printing of the newly revised “Zoo Keeping As a Career” brochure. Zoo Atlanta Chapter sent AAZK $240 and the Flint Hills Chapter contributed $100. Public Education Chair Ellen Bradfield and 185 Scoops & Scuttlebutt Continued her committe have worked very hard to revise and update the text and new photographs have been acquired which will not only enhance the look of the brochure, but will also exemplify the work done by zookeepers. AAZK Administrative Office receives many, many requests for this brochure and often times AAZK Chapters use them at career fairs and other public events. The brochure has done much to not only inform those interested about the career of zookeeping, but has also helped to give AAZK a higher public profile. The new brochures are scheduled to be available by mid-summer. IAC Seeks Contacts in South and Central America The International Affairs coordinators are wanting to expand the Foreign Keeper Sponsorship Program to South and Central America and Africa. Currently nearly all sponsored keepers are from India and Thailand. They are seeking contact people in those areas who could help coordinate selection of keepers to be sponsored. If you know of individuals in Central or South America or Africa who might be willing to help get the Foreign Keeper Sponsorship Program started in their area, please contact either Pam McDougall or Mona Keith at the Calgary Zoo, P.O. Box 3036, Station B, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2M 4R8. The IACs and AAZK wish to again thank those individuals and Chapters who are currently participating in the Foreign Keeper Sponsorship Program. Current sponsored keepers and their sponsors are: Oscar Habet, The Belize Zoo, Belize, Central America - Beth Poff, Mill Mountain Zoo. Mr. Babubai, Hill Garden Zoo, India - Tucson AAZK Chapter Dr. Prakash Amte, Amte's Animal Ark, India - Chinook AAZK Chapter (Calgary) Pundareeka Rao, Chamarajendra Zool. Gdns, India - Zoo Atlanta AAZK Chapter Keymoon Srimuang, Zool. Organization of Thailand - San Diego Chapter AAZK Dr. Lala A.K. Singh, Similipal Tiger Reserve, India - Susan Barnard, Zoo Atlanta K. Moktan, Padmaja Naidu Himilayan Zoo, India - Rocky Mt. AAZK Chapter (Denver) Nandini Rangaswamy, Coimbatore Zool. Prk. Society, India - Metro Toronto Chapter S.K. Mohanty, Nandankanan Biological Prk, India - Flint Hills Chapter (Manhattan, KS) Nasker Devi, Dept, of Forests, India - Judie Steenberg, Woodland Park Zoo Dr. S. Paulraj, Anna Aragar Zool. Prk, India - Brookfield AAZK Chapter Alexander Peal, Head of Wildlife/ Nat's Parks, Liberia, Africa - Metro Toronto Chapter Sophon Dummi, Khon Khen Open Zoo, Thailand - Melba T. Brown, National Zoo Usha Matthews, Zoo Negara, Malaysia - Greater San Francisco Bay Area Chapter Khoo Say Kin, Zoo Negara, Malaysia - Nancy Hanson, Los Angeles Zoo Duan Xo, Beijing Milo Ecological Research Cntr. - Art Cooper, Front Royal Research Cntr. Vijayraj Jajeda, Shri Sayaji Baugh Zoo, India - Jacksonville Zoo AAZK Chapter Apidet Singhasanee, Zool. Prk. Organization of Thailand - Jeffrey Briscoe, N. Hollywood, CA. AKF Associate Editor Leaves Topeka Alice Miser, who has been an editor for Animal Keepers' Forum since 1983, is leaving that position due to a career move. She is taking a position at the Ochsner Park Zoo in Baraboo, WI. We wish to thank Alice for her years of dedication and commitment to AAZK and the Forum. She has been an invaluable resource for technical questions and advice as well as an energetic and enthusiastic co-worker. She will be missed. We wish her much success in her new position. Ron Ringer will continue as Associate Editor for AKF. Diet Notebook Project Seeks Coordinators Susan Bunn Spencer, Project Coordinator for the AAZK Diet Notebook, is looking for individuals interested in volunteering to serve as Coordinators for the Mammal, Reptile and Fish Sections of the project. A Section Coordinator Job Description appears below. If 186 Scoops & Scuttlebutt, Continued you are interested, please contact Susan c/o Beardsley Zoological Gardens, Noble Avenue, Bridgeport, CT 06610. Section Coordinator Job Description PURPOSE: The purpose of these positions is to solicit and review diets and facilitate the work of the Project Coordinator. REPORTABILITY: i. AAZK Diet Notebook Project Coordinator ii. AAZK Board Overseer iii. AAZK Board of Directors PRINCIPAL RESPONSIBILITIES: I. Solicit and collect diets II. Review diets for accuracy of common and scientific names, orders, address, spelling, punctuation, etc. III. Maintain an index of species, number of diets per species and contributing institutions. IV. If possible transfer information to an IBM Paradox 2 program. V . Reply promptly to inquiries concerning the Diet Notebook Project. VI. Maintain semi-annual updates to the Project Coordinator as to the status of the section. “Bowling for Rhinos” Update As most of you are already know, the first National“Bowling for Rhinos” went better than expected with 37 institutions participating. The returns have been slow, but at this time, 10 May, over $50,000 has been earned from 20 events. I have received reports from all over the country stating how this event brought everyone closer together in this team effort. Many good suggestions have also been made for next year's events through the use of the questionnaire as well as letters, phone calls, etc. If you have not yet submitted your event's income, please do so right away! We are trying to secure an airplane for the Ngare Sergoi Preserve to replace the one that crashed after the rhino capture, so that the sanctuary can operate at peak efficiency (see article on rhino capture in May 1990 AKF. p. 170). We will also continue to help finance the much needed supplies as we have done in the past. Everyone involved has done a wonderful job to help make this event such a succes. Once again, I would like to thank the Kansas City Chapter for being the originator of this great idea. As the rest of the proceeds continue to come in, I will keep you informed of our total as it grows, as well as what plans we have for it. At this time, we expect Ian Craig of Lewa Downs (home of Ngare Sergoi Sanctuary) to be at the conference in New Orleans. I would also like to hold a workshop during the conference so that everyone can voice their opinions and suggestions about the “Bowling for Rhinos” event - both past and future. Thank you ALL for your hard work and dedication. -Nanci Pintavalli, Bowling for Rhinos Coordinator -Andy Lodge, Ngare Sergoi Support Group, Inc. 187 From the President The mid-year Board meeting is set for the 4th and 5th of June. We have prepared the itinerary and included in the list of topics to be discussed are By-laws revision, the upcoming New Orleans Conference and the Chapter and Regional Affairs Committee. Four Board members are planning to attend and we hope for a very productive meeting. In New Orleans we will be voting on the location of the 1993 Annual Conference. I invite all Chapters to seriously consider hosting a conference. Please direct all inquiries and bids to Bob Debets, AAZK Vice President, at the Assiniboine Park Zoo, Winnipeg, Canada. If you have never attended a national AAZK conference before, I would encourage you to begin making plans now for New Orleans. Having the opportunity to meet with colleagues from all over the country and exchange ideas on animal keeping is a very rewarding experience. If you can't make the 1990 event, look towards 1991 in Toledo or AAZK's 25th anniversary in San Diego in 1992. As noted in this month's report from Coordinator Nanci Pintavalli, the first National “Bowling for Rhinos” appears to have been an overwhelming success. The Board wishes to express their sincere appreciation to all those who helped to make this fundraiser so successful. We will be discussing the BFR event at New Orleans and looking also into other areas of conservation towards which we can direct our energies and fundraising abilities. Your comments and suggestions are always welcome. Finally, following the death of AAZK past president Jean Hromadka, a memorial fund was set up to collect contributions to be sent to the African Wildlife Foundation in Jean's memory. Funds totaling $410 have been forwarded on to the AWF and have been designated for use in public education on the plight of the African elephant and for anti- poaching operations. The heavy visitor season for zoos is now upon us and will keep all of us extra busy the next few months. I hope you all have a successful and rewarding summer and that I will have the opportunity to see many of you in New Orleans in November. OLe, S4s Oliver Claffey, President 0/ Dear Editor: On behalf of my family, I would like to express our deepest appreciation to the many friends of Jean Hromadka. Your outpouring of financial support, gifts, cards and letters, flowers, and words of encouragement and prayers were not only overwhelming to Jean, but to our entire family. Jean’s zest for life, love of animals, and her wondrous sense of humor will always be remembered by all of us who knew her. We want the members of AAZK to know that they will always be remembered for their kindness and caring spirit. Joe Hromadka, Jr. 188 Coming Events The 14th international Hmretologjcal Symposium on Captive Propagation and Husbandry June 20-23, 1990 Dallas/Ft. Worth, TX Gorilla Workshop June 22-25, 1990 Powell, OH The Columbus Zoo is hosting a three-day Gorilla Workshop with the emphasis on behavioral solutions to behavioral problems in the captive gorilla population. For further information contact: The Great Apes Staff, The Columbus Zoo, Box 400, 9990 Riverside Dr., Powell, OH 43065. (614) 645-3426; FAX (614) 645-3465. Herpetologists Ueague/Soriety for the Study of Amphibian? and Reptiles Combined Annual Meeting August 5-10, 1990 New Orleans, LA Held at Tulane University. For further information, contact Dr. Harold Dundee, Dept, of Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118 (504) 865-5191. 1980 AAZPA Annual Conference September 23-27, 1990 Indianapolis, IN For further information, contact Travis Edenfield, Indianapolis Zoo, 1200 West Washington St., Indianapolis, IN 46222 (317) 638-8072. 18th Annual Conference of the International Marine Animal Trainers Association (IMATA1 November 4-9, 1990 Chicago, IL Hosted by the Chicago Zoological Society-Brookfield Zoo and the John G. Shedd Aquarium. Will include formal presentations, poster session and informal presentations such as videos/films. Theme for this year's conference is “Developments in Marine Mammal Public Display and Research”. First Call for Papers now being issued-abstracts due by 15 August 1990. Conference hotel site is the McCormick Center Hotel. For further information and registration materials, contact: Randy Brill, Vice-President/IMATA, NOSC - Code 511, P.O. Box 997, Kailua, HI 96734-0997 USA. Wildlife Conservation in Metropolitan Environments A National Symposium on Urban Wildlife November 11-14, 1990 Cedar Rapids, IA For more information contact: National Institute for Urban Wildlife, 10921 Trotting Ridge Way, Columbia, MD 21044 (301) 596-3311 or (301) 995-1119. 189 Births & Hatchings The Los Angeles Zoo...is pleased to report these significant births from February to April 1990 — on 10 March one of our Red-crowned mangabeys ( Mono mangabey con ) named “Red” gave birth to a male. On 13 March, the infant was found dead of a skull fracture. On 13 March, another one of our females, “Stub”, also gave birth to a male. Stub is a young, inexperienced female and gave up her baby to Red, who has been caring for the infant ever since then. These two females now have a very special relationship. Stub grooms and “visits” the baby, but it is Red, who by the stimulation of the infant's suckling was able to resume lactation, who now does the “mothering work”. These births are also signiflcat because these are the first offspring from our new breeding male, “Guy”, who is six and a half years old and from West Germany, submitted by V. Bingham, Primate Keeper Red-crowned mangabey females at the Los Angeles Zoo. Animal on the right is the birth mother “Stub” who gave up her male offspring to the more experienced female “Red’ who is now suckling the infant. Photo by: Tad Motoyama. 190 Birth§..& Ea$ghmgS* Continued On 20 February, Pandora, our 23-year-old Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) gave birth to her fifth offspring, a male. Pandora was born at our zoo and raised in our nursery. Remarkably she has raised all of her offspring (total 2.3, the oldest being 14 yrs.) despite never having had the experience of watching other females care for and raise their babies. The Los Angeles Zoo is very proud to announce the hatching of 0.0.3 California condors ( Gymnogyps calif ornianus). On 24 March, “Kareya”, meaning “creator of all things” was hatched. On 15 April, “Tumusai”, whose name means “spirit or shadow”, was hatched. And finally on 25 April, “Maluk” cracked out of its shell. Its name means “condor”. The chicks will be sexed when they are approximately three months of age. This brings the world population of California condor to a total of 38, 19 of which are at the San Diego Condor facility and 19 at our facility. A total of fifteen eggs have been laid this season. If everything continues going as well as it has, California condors may be re-released back out into the wild as early as next year. In January, Michael Dee, Curator of Mammals and Jeff Briscoe, Lead Keeper-Large Mammal Section, escorted 1.2 Gaur to Malaysia. These three animals were surplus to the North American SSP population, there destination was the Melakan Zoo. In exchange, the Malayasian Game Department had secured two young female Asian elephants for the L.A. Zoo. Their ages are approximately three and five and they now join 1.1 Asian elephants that we received last year. One of our adult females, “Geeta”, 35 years old, has taken over caring for the your young, active and entertaining kids. On 28 January, the L.A. Zoo received a male African pangolin ( Manis pholidota ), which had been confiscated from a shipment of tropical fish in a plane which had departed from Nigeria. Pangolins have horny, overlapping scales on their head, body, legs and tail which are shed periodically. These unusual animals look like artichokes. When he arrived at the zoo he weighed in at four pounds. A variety of diets were tried unsuccessfully; he is now on an Echinda diet and has gained weight. He is rightfully been nicknamed-Clingon-as he has become very attached to his keeper. In March we received 3.3 White-fronted marmosets ( Callithrix geoffroyi) and 3.3 Kuhl's black-eared marmosets ( Callithrix kuhli ) from Rio de Janiero. The Kuhl's at one time were considered a subspecies of Callithrix penicillata and some believed a hybrid between Callithrix geoffroyi and Callithrix penicillata Research now shows that the Kuhl's is quite a distinct animal and worthy of recognition as a full species of its own. Other than the Los Angeles Zoo, Jersey is the only other zoo to house the Kuhl’s black-eared marmosets. submitted by Linda Cory, Chapter Liaison, Los Angeles AAZK Chapter. On 5 December the Los Angeles Zoo community was saddened by the death of Sally, the orangutan matriarch and grandmother who died of heart failure. Sally, the mother of seven orangutans in zoos around the world, had been at L.A. since 1956. Two of her seven offspring, Ember and Eloise, are still at L.A. She had adopted and fostered offspring rejected by their own mothers. Sally's grandson, two-year-old Michael Anthony, was her last nursing. Michael has since been adopted by his aunt, Ember, who cared for him when Sally was busy, -from GLAZA news, Feb. 1990. Monkey Jungle. Inc. (Miami. FL)...is proud to announce the following births: 0.0.3 Golden lion tamarins ( Leontopithecus rosalia rosalia). In our Marmoset Compound we have three groups of Golden lion tamarins and three other species of tamarins in a unique outdoor enclosure in which eight cages, sectioned by wire mesh, makes a territory for each group. Group 1 consists of two adults (Rambo and Juanita) and one subadult male and two juvenile males. This group has been very accomplished at raising young and on 21 April, Juanita gave birth to twins. 191 Births & Hatchings. Continued Group 2 is two adults (Marino and Robin) and their infant bom on 20 April. This birth is significant in that this pair had been housed next to a pair of aggressive Geoffrey's tamarins (S. oedipus geoffroyi) for over a year and no live births had occurred. We believe the stress caused by fighting between the two species was a factor in the unsuccessful breeding attempts of this pair. We responded by relocating them to another enclosure between a pair of Red-bellied tamarins ( Saguinus labiatus thomasi ) and their offspring and Group 1 Golden lion tamarins. It was commonly thought that housing two of the same species next to each other would interfere with breeding; but both pairs were successful. This was the first live birth for this pair but unfortunately one twin was stillborn. Group 3 is a pair that has been together for about a year. They are interacting well but as of this report there has been no offspring. Also worth noting was our first birth in recent years of a White-handed gibbon ( Hylobates lar) bom on 12 Otober 1989. We are glad to report that he is doing great! submitted by Patti Brinkley, Primate Keeper, Monkey Jungle, South Florida AAZK Chapter, Miamo, FL.) Chamaraiendra Zoological Garden (Mysore. India)...has reported the following significant births and hatchings during 1988 and 1989: Pundareeka Rao, warden, relays the exciting news of the birth of a Black rhinoceros ( Diceros bicornis) at their facility. Other live births include four Civit cat (' Viverricula indica), five Toddy cat ( Paradoxurus hermaphroditis) six Tiger ( Panthera tigris), two Jungle cat ( Felis chaus) and one Leopard cat ( Felis bengalensis ). Important hoofstock births include one Indian camel ( Camelus dromedorius), one Thamin deer ( Cervus eldi) and four Indian gazelle ( Gazella gazella). During this time two Brown lemur ( Fulvis fulvis ) were also born. Significant hatchings include two Sarus crane ( Grus antigone) and six Black swan ( Cygnus atratus ). New additions for 1988 and 1989 include 1.1 Giraffe (Giraffa Camelopardalis), 0.2 Brown lemur ( Fulvis fulvsi ), 1.1 Red Kangaroo {.Macropus rufus) and 1.1 Asiatic lion (Panthera leo ). submitted by Lisa Hughes, Zoo Atlanta Chapter Liaison. This Chapter sponsors Pundareeks Rao in the Foreign Keeper Sponsorship program. The Dreher Park Zoo is proud to announce their first successful breeding of a Hoffman’s sloth (Choloepus hoffmani). The group of 1.2 was acquired from Lincoln Park Zoo in 1985. They had been housed at Lincoln Park Zoo since 1977 and were listed as born in 1975. Both females had miscarried in past years. We instituted a diet change in January of 1990 based on the Burnet Park Zoo's diet and feel this may have led to the successful birth of a single youngster on 10 April 1990. (Photo: Gail Schneider, Executive Director, Dreher Park Zoo, West Palm Beach, FL) 192 Births & Hatchings. Continued. The Milwaukee Countv Zoo... would like to announce the following significant births, hatchings and acquisitions from October 1989 through April 1990. The Aquarium and Reptile Dept, has been busy acquiring new species for the zoo. 2.2 Terre- de-haut racers ( Alsophis antillensis sanctorum) and 1.1 Terre-de-bas racers (A. a. danforthii) were collected from their respective islands in the Lesser Antilles, a group of islands north of Venezuela in the Caribbean Sea. Although these snakes are not currently protected, their numbers are diminishing. Curator Rich Sajdak, along with Bob Henderson of the Milwaukee Public Museum, will be conducting research on their reproductive behavior and development. The MCZ has also acquired a Goliath frog ( Conrana goliath ) which is very rarely exhibited in zoos, and a male Alligator snapper ( Macroclemys temmincki ) which is endangered in a number of areas of the U.S. On 6 April, the female Emperor scorpion ( Pandanus sp .) was seen with babies riding on her back. This was quite a surprise since she had been living alone since her arrival a year ago. Evidently, scorpions can store sperm for a while before the eggs are fertilized. The babies will ride on the mother's back until their first molt. At this time, they will jump off, and will then be housed individually. Our collection of Red empress cichlids ( Aulonacara similis ) have been breeding successfully. These valuable mouthbrooding fish are from Lake Malawi in eastern Africa. The female carries the fertilized eggs in her mouth until they hatch and develop into juveniles, and she continues to protect them until they can survive on their own. In March 1990, a Ruppell's griffon vulture ( Gyps rueppellii ) chick hatched and is now being hand-raised. This is believed to be the first attempt at hand-raising in this species. The chick is kept in an incubator and is fed by hand puppet to prevent it from imprinting on people. At about six weeks of age, the chick was allowed visual access to its parents. The parents are both wild-caught and this is their first offspring. MCZ's long history of successful Polar bear ( Thalarctos maritimus ) births began 70 years ago when the first polar bear ever born in captivity was produced at Milwaukee. This success continued through the years and most recently, first-time parents “Mishka” and “Callisto” produced Milwaukee's 27th polar bear cub on 14 December 1989. Mishka, a eight- year-old female, came to the zoo in 1983 on a long-term breeding loan from the Henry Doorly Zoo in Omaha, NE. As of this date, mother and baby are on exhibit in a rear holding area that has been opened to the public. Our Small Mammal House has been very effective in maintaining self-sustaining colonies of fruit and vampire bats. Since October 1989, 5 Straw-colored bats ( Eidolon helvum ) and 6 Ruwenzori long-haired fruit bats ( Rousettus lanosus) have been born and mother-reared. MCZ is the only zoo listed in ISIS to exhibit Ruwenzori long-haired fruit bats. 4.0 Vampire bats ( Desmodus rotundas ) have been born in the last couple of months which brings the number of births to 37 since 1973. Other significant births in the Small Mammal House include 0.2 Tayra ( Eira barbara ) and 0.0.2 Ruffed lemurs ( Lemur variegata). On 25 April, “Mac”, a 405-pound silverback Western lowland gorilla ( Gorilla gorilla), arrived on breeding loan from the Kansas City Zoo to begin a new life in Milwaukee. Mac is a 27-year-old wild-caught male who will be introduced to our group of one juvenile male and three adult females after 4-6 weeks of quarantine, submitted by Karin Newman, Chapter Liaison, AAZK Milwaukee County Zoo, Milwaukee, WI. 193 AAZK Announces New Professional/Institutional Members Jeanine Jackie, Stone Zoo (MA) Ralph Aversa, Bronx Zoo (NY) Virginia Theis, Philadelphia Zoo (PA) David Shipper, L.A.B.S. Inc. (SC) Janis Thompson, Chehaw Wild Animal Prk. Karen Kuebel, Monkey Jungle (FL) Jennifer Lealos, Monkey Jungle (FL) Nancy Reinert, Discovery Island (FL) Regan O'Rourke, Washington Prk. Zoo (IN) Sally Petrella, Detroit Zoo (MI) Laszlo Szilagyi, Lincoln Prk. Zoo (IL) David Tieszen, Oklahoma City Zoo (OK) Richard Lockwood, Oklahoma City Zoo (OK) Rick Tucker, Oklahoma City Zoo (OK) Denise Anderson, Oklahoma City Zoo (OK) Daphne Nickisch, Oklahoma City Zoo (OK) Eileen Castle, Oklahoma City Zoo (OK) Daniel Fox, Tulsa Zool. Park (OK) Katie Knight-Monteiro, ExotiCare (TX) Elizabeth Davis, Santa Barbara Zoo (CA) David Linderman, Noah’s Ark Zoo (OR) Dan Wallace, Nat'l Animal Agency (Ont.) Christine Underwood, Stone Zoo (MA) Barry Buchalter, DVM, Howard Beach, NY Christine Weickert, National Zoo (DC) Nick Cavalluzzi, Silver Springs (FL) Melody Kelley, Monkey Jungle (FL) Marlene Wright, Miami Metrozoo (FL) Vicki Call, Lion Country Safari (FL) Mary Beth Chandler, Toledo Zoo (OH) Stacey Ellis, Mesker Prk. Zoo (IN) Sarah Dunn, Fejeruary Zoo (IA) Jacquelyn Ott, St. Louis Zoo (MO) Joe Branham, Oklahoma City Zoo (OK) Robin Hurley, Oklahoma City Zoo (OK) Richard Smith, Oklahoma City Zoo (OK) Mike Boisvert, Oklahoma City Zoo (OK) Carl Sandefer, Oklahoma City Zoo (OK) Kenneth Hovey, Oklahoma City Zoo (OK) Colette DeGrange, Houston Zoo (TX) Christine Bobko, Denver Zoo (CO) David Illig, Washington Prk. Zoo (OR) Jack Simmons, Woodland Prk. Zoo (WA) John Rehmann, Nat'l Animal Agency (Ont.) (GA) Renewing Contributing Members Gene DeBever, Chicago, IL Folsom Children's Zoo & Botanical Garden, Lincoln, NE Forestry Farm Park & Zoo, Saskatoon, S.K., Canada Information Please Patricia McNaught, AAZK/EFBC Chapter President is conducting a special research project on changes in the papillae on the feline tongue. She will be sending out special survey sheets to 500 institutions. If you or your institution would like to participate in this project, please contact Mrs. McNaught at (805) 256-3793/3818 or do The Exotic Feline Breeding Compound, HCR 1, Box 84, Rosamond, CA 93560. I would appreciate information from anyone who has successfully raised a Black-footed (Jackass) penguin chick without tube feeding. Please include specifics on diet, feeding tools, technique, etc. Send information to: Kristin Zabawa do Los Angeles Zoo, Adventure Island, 5333 Zoo Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90027. We are composing a paper on the effects of World Wars I and II on zoos in Germany, France and England. If you have any information on the topic, or know of anyone who does, please notify Rana Bayrakci and Kit Niemann at the Point Defiance Zoo and Aquarium, 5400 North Pearl Street, Tacoma, WA 98407-3218. 194 i, SPECTRUM Quality exotic animal diets Nutritionally balanced Fixed formulation • Economical When you need a complete line of high-quality dry and frozen animal diets for your feeding program, call Animal Spectrum. NEBRASKA BRAND h 1 SPECTRUM BROOD-RITE HEATERS Frozen feline diets Frozen bird of prey diets Frozen canine diet Chunk and chopped horsemeat, hearts, livers, rib, shank, knuckle bones, and tailbones Banana flavored primate, 15 % protein dry Banana flavored primate, Pro-Plus 25 % protein dry Leaf Eater primate dry Omnivore dry Llama Vitamins & Minerals dry Polar Bear dry Marmoset/ T amarin dry Ratite dry Hoofstock supplement, with Selenium dry Bulbless heaters— nothing to break Safe around all animals and bedding material. Even heat distribution in 240, 500, or 750 wattages. GENTLE TOUCH™ bedding One call does it all FREE 1-800-228-4005 FAX 308-534-7015 Animal Spectrum, Inc. P.O. Box 721 North Platte, NE 69103-0721 You Too Can Breed Dwarf Lemurs By Karen L. Anderson, Keeper Mammal Dept, Brookfield Zoo Brookfield, IL Fat-tailed Dwarf Lemurs ( Cheirogaleus medius ) are found only on the island of Madagascar and are restricted to the dry forests along the west coast. One of seven species in the family Cheirogaleidae, fat-tailed dwarf lemurs have evolved in an environment in which there are great fluctuations in rainfall and food availability. During the dry season, when fruits and flowers are much less available, these lemurs enter a state of true hibernation lasting 6-8 months. Toward the end of November, at the onset of the rainy season (summer), the lemurs emerge from their tree trunk cavities. At this time, they will mate and produce offspring (usually two). Gestation lasts 61 days and the young are born fully furred and with their eyes open. Development is rapid as they must quickly put on enough weight to last through the rapidly approaching dry season (winter). Adults increase their weight by as much as a third primarily by storing fat in the tail. Housing At Brookfield Zoo, two pairs of lemurs were received in May, 1987 from Duke Regional Primate Research Center, Durham, NC (Duke RPRC). They were set up in pair situations, but each individual resided in a separate cage for gradual introduction to its mate. All animals were initially on a reversed light cycle with 6 hours of dark and 18 hours of light. Each cage was furnished with small branches, small hollow logs, grape vines, a few rocks and plastic plants. Small bark chips were used as substrate in all cages. One pair was exhibited in two wooden cages with glass fronts. Each cage measured 4' high x 2.5’ wide x 3' deep. The cages were connected by a 4-inch diameter plastic tube with a 1/4" wire mesh door wedged in place to keep the individuals separate. The second pair was initially set up in two stainless steel cages (each 2' 3" wide x 2' 3" high x 2’ deep) with glass fronts. These cages were also connected by a four-inch diameter plastic tube with 1/4" mesh wedged in place. These exhibits were utilized through winter and spring (1987-88). In late May, due to changes in the building collection, the pair occupying the stainless steel cage were moved off exhibit. A further cage transfer was then implemented on 30 July (1988). The lemurs went back on public exhibit in a pair of stainless steel cages located in the diurnal section of the building. These cages were of dimension very similar to those steel cages previously described and furnished in the same manner. These cages were also connected with four-inch diameter tubing 32" long. The light cycle for this area of the building is 10 hours light and 14 hours dark. However, there are opaque skylights in this section and thus the daylight period is actually extended during our summer under these somewhat natural light conditions. The pair of lemurs occupying the wood cages were also transferred to another exhibit much larger in size but on the same reversed light cycle. This exhibit measures 8' high x 4' deep and has a triangular shape, 3.5' at front and 1' at back. Keeper access to this cage is by a sliding glass door located on the front (public) side of the cage. The lemurs are provided with numerous hollow logs, a large upright hollow tree section, numerous small diameter branches (approx. 1" to 1 1/2"), tan bark for substrate, and a few plastic plants for aesthetics. Dried leaves, alfalfa and dried grass are also added. In all cases, the cages are spot cleaned daily ( water changes, feces and food scraps removed). On a monthly basis, the cages are stripped of substrate and disinfected. Wood cage furniture is scrubbed with hot water and any nonporous furnishings are scrubbed with disinfectant. Animals are removed during cleaning and are weighed at this time. The lemurs have remained in these cage setups for over a year and are in these respective exhibits at the time of this writing (January 1990). 196 You Too Can Breed Dwarf Lemurs, Continued Diet Since their arrival at Brookfield, the lemurs have been fed a diet developed at Duke RPRC as follows: Per Individual: Summer Piet Winter Piet 1 TBSP mixed fresh fruits & vegetables 1 slight TBSP fruit & vegetables 1 TBSP Cracked Hi-Protein 1/2 TBSP Cracked Hi-Protein Monkey Chow (Purina) Monkey Chow (Purina) 1 TBSP Purina Cat Chow 1/2 TBSP Purina Cat Chow Above supplemented by sprinkle of Gerber Hi Protein Baby Cereal and 1 drop multivitamin (summer and winter). At Brookfield, the summer diet is gradually implemented beginning at the end of March and by the end of April the lemurs are receiving the full amount. Beginning December 1st, the diet is gradually decreased over 2-3 weeks to the winter diet amounts. These diet changes mimic to some extent what would naturally occur in the wild. Our lemurs, while never actually going into hibernation, show a decrease in their activity level. Behavior and Reproduction Introduction In the initial exhibit cages gradual introductions were planned with lemur pairs first having visual and olfactory access to each other through wire mesh. Eventually the mesh would be removed enabling the lemurs to have direct contact. This was to be done under constant supervision by keepers. If no aggression was observed, the lemurs would be given access to each other throughout the day with only minimal keeper observations and eventually ending with the lemurs having access to both cages continuously. The pair originally housed in the two cages introduced themselves three days faster than planned after the screen mesh door was pulled out of place by one of the lemurs. Since little aggression was observed at this time it was decided to leave the pair together with access to both cages. The only aggression observed occurred at feeding time. This was alleviated by placing a food pan in each cage. Gradually, more aggression was observed, with the female being the aggressor, so it was decided to switch males between the pairs. The other pair (housed in stainless steel cages) had not been introduced yet. The swap occurred on 26 July 1987. The introduction between the aggressive female and the "new" male began this same day with the pair having access to both cages continuously by the end of the day. As before, some aggression was seen at feeding time but was alleviated by placing the food pans in different locations within the cage. Meanwhile, the introduction between the other pair was proceeding without any problems and was completed by 9 August 1987. The pairs were housed in the exhibits described without any problems throughout the subsequent exhibit transfers which were described in the housing section. ^productive behavior During their time at Brookfield no breeding activity of the pairs displayed nocturnally has been observed by our staff. The pair exhibited on the diurnal cycle is rarely observed as they are only active at night as expected. One of the reasons for exhibiting a pair on the diurnal cycle was to eliminate disturbance by staff and public during their "nocturnal" active period (at the time we had no facilities to house them off-exhibit without disturbance by staff activities). 197 You Too Can Breed Dwarf Lemurs, Continued On 25 July, 1989, the pair housed diurnally was more active and vocalizing more than usual during routine morning cleaning. The following day, one lemur dropped onto the keepers hand during cleaning, returning to the tube connecting the cages after the keeper withdrew their hand. It was noted the lemurs had constructed a nest of grape vines and plastic plants in this tube. It was suspected that infants could be present. On 30 July, five days later, it was decided to check the tube for infants. The tube was disconnected from the cages and nest material carefully pulled out. Two infants were observed with the adults. Quickly the nest material was returned and the tube reconnected to the cage. The infants were first believed to be one to two weeks old but after consulting the literature on infant development it was decided they were only five days old. The changes in adult behavior observed probably co- incided with the birth of the young. The adult male was left with the female and infants since there was no observations of any aggression and the male was always found to be sleeping with the group. On 3 September (38 days after the birth), it was decided to proceed with the monthly cage cleaning/disinfecting. At this time we also checked on the lemurs by removing them from the nest tube to a holding bucket. When the nest material was removed it was discovered that there were three infants. All looked healthy and had grown in size. Sexes were determined as 2.1. Determining sex in young lemurs can be difficult as the vaginal opening is not developed at this early age. After the cages were cleaned, all lemurs were returned to their cages. Over the next few weeks activity increased in the afternoons at feeding time. The young began to eat solid food and would appear out of their nest as soon as the food was placed within the cage. The young and adult female seemed undisturbed by the presence of the keepers at this time. The total amount of food was increased to equal five adult portions. The young increased in size rapidly and by late September were nearly the size of the adults. Also beginning in late September their activity decreased during the day and during October their food intake also decreased as expected. During both the October and November monthly cage cleaning, the young were examined and sexes confirmed as 2.1. At the time of this writing (Jan. 1990), all five lemurs remain together. Plans are to surplus some of the young and separate any remaining offspring next spring before the breeding season (late April, early May). We expect the adults to breed and produce offspring again. This birth represents the first dwarf lemur birth at Brookfield. I believe the reasons for our breeding success with this pair are minimizing disturbance during the nocturnal phase and establishing a light cycle and diet regime similar to natural conditions. With the status of many lemur species threatened in Madagascar, this birth is viewed as a positive step in the conservation of the fat-tailed dwarf lemur. While Duke RPRC has been very successful at breeding dwarf lemurs, it is important to establish satellite populations in the advent of health or other disaster at any one location. Certainly other zoos could also be successful in breeding this species. Reference Charles-Dominique, P., H.M. Cooper, A. Hladik, C.M. Hladik, E. Pages, G.F. Pariente, A. Petter-Rousseaux, and A. Schilling. 1980. Nocturnal Malagasy Primates: Ecology, Physiology and Behavior. Academic Press, New York. 198 Tf)tBt0vy <»cTo(l V/D?T €X... TH(f COUWT Dowa/ /ppieooes ze«o. AWT /s/orWWG iNAPpf*/u/6? HfCxRoW AwO |4/4«V°iO JEA&CW Foft a ^ec(?er l+ATctf r° PP.WRIt'x /Ha^/oiO1.1. Lco^jN TUe feeder tore* Woft1-1. T)HtAUpgi\ / /^•AyfwWTs \THii ? A \Y°pA! Nominee Biographical Form for AAZK Board of Directors (To be completed by Nominee) 1. Name: _ Address: Phone: PLEASE LIST THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION 2. Professional Background: (places of employment, length of service, titles) 3. Membership in AAZK: a) National: number of years Activities: b) Local Chapter(s): number of years, offices held, involvement in activities. 4. Educational Background: 5. Memberships in Affiliate Organizations: (AAZPA, Audubon, etc.) 6. Other information the nominee feels to be pertinent: 7. References (one or two): gave name, address and phone number where they can be reached: 8. Nominee's Signature: 9. Form must be received by NEC Chair bv 31 January 199L Send form to: David Luce, Fresno Zoo, 894 W. Belmont, Fresno, CA 93728. Windhoek/Etosha Pans/Waterburg/Koakoveld Skeleton Coast/Swakopmund/Johannesburg Departure New York , February 19, 1991 for 19 days of Excitement 1 day spent on a private guest farm, most excellent area for birding 4 days in the Etosha Pans Area salt pan - an enormous shallow depression over 100 km across with numerous perennial springs around its edges. Here large concentrations of game and birdlife will whet your appetite. 3 days camping in the Damaraland area, looking for the desert elephant, black rhino and viewing rock paintings, large specimen of the well known ancient plant - Welwitschia Mirabillis. 4 days on the Skeleton Coast, wind swept sand dunes, open gravel plains and treacherous coastline. A region of rare beauty, with canyons, sand-dunes and small groups of hardy desert animals. The Cape Cross seal colony, where seals breed in their tens of thousands. Wander around the lively old town of Swakopmund and visit Walvis Bay with time for fishing. 2 days in the Johannesburg area with optional tours to the world famous Pretoria and Johannesburg Zoos, to meet your colleagues and friends. Total Safari Cost, Land/Air $2895.00 per person double occupancy CALL FOR MORE INFORMATION 1-800-323-8020 P.O.Box 178, Bloomingdale, IL 60108 How Sweet It Is! One of the most innovative methods to raise funds for conservation has also turned out to be one of the tastiest. Ben Cohen of Ben and Jerry's Ice Cream has created an organization called Community Products, Inc. Their new product, Rainforest Crunch, sinks its teeth into the complicated issues of tropical deforestation. One of the issues that they are addressing is the creation of a sustainable resource so the people of the rainforest can harvest natural products such as brazil and cashew nuts. It develops a sound economic base and an incentive to use the rainforest as a renewable resource. The profits from the sale of each 8 oz. box of Rainforest Crunch are distributed in the following ways: 40% goes to rainforest preservation organizations, 20% goes to 1% for Peace - an initiative to redirect 1% of the U.S. military budget to peace through understanding activities, 10% goes to employee profit sharing, and 30% is reinvested in the company. The Greater San Francisco Bay Area Chapter has had great success selling Rainforest Crunch. “Our Chapter furthers the Rainforest Crunch cycle by taking the profits from the Chapter's retail price and investing them in the Ecosystem Survival Plan to purchase and set aside rainforest,” stated Norm Gershenz, originator of the ESP. All participating GSFBA Chapter members have found it difficult to sell it and not eat it all. However, Chapter members are not the only ones selling Rainforest Crunch for the ESP Program. High schools, elementary schools, a travel agency, and the San Francisco Zoo Gift Shop are all assisting the Chapter in this effort. If your Chapter is interested in selling Rainforest Crunch as a fundraiser, contact Norm Gershenz at the San Francisco Zoo. He can give you details on how to obtain this product from the manufacturers. Remember — Rainforest Crunch, if you don't eat it, it won't be there, from SPECIES, Vol. 4, No. 2, March I April 1990 GSFBA Chapter Newsletter. The Fish and Wildlife Reference Service: Answers to Your Conservation Questions The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service provides federal grant funds to state fish and wildlife agencies. The state agencies conduct research and report back to the FWS. These results are in the form of reports. Approximately 1,000 of these reports are added to the FWS Reference Service each year. The FWRS collects, indexes, stores, and makes available research reports developed by state fish and wildlife agencies, Cooperative Fishery and Wildlife Research Units, and Endangered Species Recovery teams. The Reference Search also conducts literature searches of the FWRS database, producing bibliographies for requestors. Requestors can then choose reports they wish to read. FWRS publishes a quarterly newsletter, which is free upon request; the newsletter notifies readers of new reports and services. Users can obtain answers from FWRS in several ways. The Service provides a toll-free number for requestors to order database searches and reports. FWRS also accepts requests via the mail or in person. The FWRS is specially organized to accomodate visitors and to provide a full range of onsite services at its reading room. All users have access to the report collection and to the staff for assistance in defining information needs, identifying materials, and answering questions. Fees are charged for some services and to some categories of users. Call our toll-free number 1-800-582-3421 for more information. 202 Chapter News St. Louis AAZK Chapter The new year began with a fascinating lecture by guest speaker Kurt Miller who spoke about his involvement with a chimpanzee release project in Liberia. Kurt worked for the New York Bloodcenter Lab doing research on hepatitis and river blindness. Chimps used for lab studies were involved in an intensive reintroduction project into the wild of Liberia. Kurt spent several months working with the reintroduction project, socializing chimps into groups placed on river islands and monitoring their status. In February, the St. Louis Chapter held “Bowling for Rhinos” at Tropicana Lanes. A total of twenty bowlers, including some very enthusiastic docents, participated over two days of bowling to raise $2,400 for rhino conservation. Our Chapter chose to split the proceeds between the Ngare Sergoi Rhino Sanctuary in Kenya and the Operation Stronghold project in Zimbabwe's Zambezi River Valley. Prizes were awarded to the top male and female bowlers, top fund raisers, and bowlers with the most gutter balls and the most strikes. Banana Republic, Beldt's Aquarium, Inc., Cheshire Inn, The National Bowling Hall of Fame, and the St. Louis Zoo's gift shop generously provided the prizes. The St. Louis Chapter has a limited number of “Bowling for Rhinos” posters available for purchase at $5, postage paid. Please contact Rick Smith, Chapter Liaison, at 6316 Washington, University City, MO 63130. During March, elephant keeper Steve Tomey showed slides of last year's zookeeper trip to Botswana and Zimbabwe. Steve's beautiful slides gave the audience a sense of the pleasures and wildness associated with a camping safari. On 11 March, we hosted the student chapter of the “Wildlife Society” from the University of Missouri-Columbia at the zoo. A behind-the-scenes tour of the Aquatic House and Herpetarium was given by Rick Smith and Jeff Ettling, respectively. Current projects and a “Bowling for Rhinos” update were discussed at our March meeting, a Mexican fiesta pot- luck held at Ross Horton's. We are conducting a contest for a Chapter logo, hosting a BBQ at the first night of “outside the zoo volleyball”, a possible benefit concert in the summer, and developing a series of meetings regarding zookeeper professional development. April saw a flurry of activity as the zoo and our Chapter prepared to celebrate Earth Day. Keepers Angela Pruitt and Ross Horton designed and constructed a rhinoceros costume for the “All Species Parade” sponsored by the zoo. -- Rick Smith Chapter Liaison Greater Sap Frara jgco Bay Area AAZK Chapter People came to solve a mystery and be part of the solution and that is exactly what happened on 22 April at the Mason Street Theater in San Francisco. A special performance of the comedy murder mystery play “Bar None” by Odaat Productions was a benefit for the Chapter's Ecosystem Survival Plan/Adopt an Acre Program. The evening began an hour before the performance with hors d'oeuvres that were generously donated by Tutto Bene and Prego. The wine was donated by Trefethen Vineyards. Before the play began, Norman Gershenz thanked the 200 people in attendance for their support. Cheryl Madsen and Rich Baker, producers of the play, were thanked for their efforts. Norman reported that so far the ESP Program has raised close to $50,000 for the preservation of threatened and endangered ecosystems. During the first act of the fun-filled play, the characters made several references to the benfit. When asked 203 Chapter News. Continued to explain a briefcase full of money, one character explained, “That is Adopt an Acre money!”. The first act ended with a murder. With the help of a detective the audience keeps the stage suspects honest as they reconstruct the crime in the second act. During questioning one suspect turned to the audience and exclaimed, “You folks are not very nice for being environmentalists!”. The play ends after the audience vote for who the murderer is. The sum of $4000 was raised from this benefit performance. Special thanks go to Katheryne and Peggy Erigero who handed out ESP information and sold Rainforest Crunch in the lobby. The play was one of the most entertaining ways to raise funds for conservation. The Chapter also participated in activities during the 20th Anniversary of Earth Day. They had booths at Crissy Field in San Francisco and the City of Davis where they sold rainforest T-shirts, Rainforest Crunch and provided information on the ESP/Adopt an Acre Program. Almost $370 worth of rainforest acerage was purchased at the Chapter's table by members of the the public. A total of about $1 300 was raised during the weekend Earth Day celebration. -from newsletter of GSFBA Chapter EhiladdRlriaZQQ AAZK Chapter The Philadelphia Chapter would like to share one of our successful projects with other chapters. We have found another way to get our “No Feeding” policy across to the public. Our Chapter bought buttons with this design (see insert) for the employees of the Philadelphia Zoo including food service, animal staff, maintenance, administration and the docents. Everyone is very excited about wearing the buttons and the street sign yellow color seems to draw the public’s attention. Our gift shop also ordered some to sell to the visitors. Since we have been so successful with this project, we would like to extend it to other zoos and chapters. If you would like to order some, they are available at 60 cents each for quantities of up to 100 or 40 cents each for 100 or more. It is also possible to remove the Philadelphia Zoo logo from the button, but we cannot replace it with another. Contact: Philadelphia Chapter of AAZK, Philadelphia Zoo, 34th Street and Girard Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19104. -Philadelphia Chapter Flyer Exotic Feline Breeding Center (EFBC) The EFBC Chapter, located in Rosamond, CA, has been busy making plans to man a booth for EFBC at a local Flea Market. A new educational booth has been constructed by Chapter members to enlighten the general public about the plight of endangered felines as well as to what EFBC is doing to help. The booth made its debut at a local Earth Day celebration and was a real crowd pleaser. A compact display was also constructed that could fit inside a smaller vehicle. It traveled to an Earth Day celebration in Bakersfield, CA. The AAZK/EFBC Chapter has also created a “Zookeeper” patch to sell as a fundraiser for the Chapter. This patch depicts the average zookeeper's typical “Tools of the Trade” - a shovel and rake crossed over a bucket. A little fly 204 Chapter News. Continued hovers above the rake and shovel so there won't be any error about what the bucket is for. On top of the patch are the words “Parchere Tempus Noster” which means “In our spare time”. The Chapter gave some local priests and a language professor headaches over finding the Latin translation. Apparently, Latins didn't have any spare time. Basically as busy as zookeepers get, someone is always asking them to do a little extra “in your spare time” and there seems to be less and less of that around. At the bottom of the patch are the words “Zookeeper”. The patch has a light blue background with dark blue trim. This humorous patched is priced at $4.25 each which includes shipping costs. California residents must add appropriate sales tax. Anyone interested in purchasing a patch or patches can send a check or money order to: AAZK/EFBC Chapter- Patch Order, HCR 1, Box 84, Rosamond, CA 93560-9705. The Chapter, now well into its first full year, recently became a silver sponsor of another staff fundraiser: “Fabulous Feline Follies” a black-tie banquet scheduled for November. The $250 donation from the Chapter will help cover expenses. Anyone interested in helping to sponsor the event or wishing to come to this evening of fun and raffles, please contact Pat McNaught at the address given above. -Pat McNaught , President Los Angeles In January elections were held. The new Chapter officers for 1990 are: President..... Marilyn Fackler-Gray Vice President.. ...Kim Brinkley Secretary.....Carole Carniaux Treasurer..... Jeff Holland Chapter Liaison... ..Linda Cory Recently at a Chapter monthly meeting our guest speaker was Andy Lodge, former elephant keeper at the Columbus Zoo. $1800 was raised for the Ngare Sergoi Rhino Project which helps protect the dwindling population of black rhinos in East Africa. In March, our guest speaker was one of our own animal keepers, Lindsey Kocincki, from the Marmoset Colony. She spoke on her recent month-long trip to the rainforest of Brazil where she helped prepare the release site for Golden Lion Tamarins that she raised at our zoo, and which are now a part of the National Zoo's reintroduction project. For our May AAZK meeting our guest speaker was our vice president, Kim Brinkley who is our Bison String Keeper. In January Kim accompanied three Pronghorn fawns that she had raised to Pretoria, South Africa. She gave a slide presentation of the two weeks she spent settling the fawns in at their new home and exploring parks and reserves in South Africa. --Linda Cory, Chapter Liaison North Carolina Chapter AAZK Newly elected officers for the Chapter are: v. President... ..Lucy Segerson Vice Pres.. ...Louise Martin Treasurer..... Ruby Ange Secretary/Chapter Liaison... Kathy Trogdon 7qq Atlanta aa%k Chapter Newly elected officers are: President.. ...Charles Horton Co-VP's.. .Emma Woods-Cusson and Vince Feuerstein Treasurer..... Gary Roesinger Secretary. ....Laura Kinkaid Chapter Liaison.. ...Lisa Hughes Our “Bowling for Rhinos” was held on 7 April and was a great success! Andy Lodge recently visited our Zoo and our Chapter was able to give Andy part of the money raised from the event. The money will be used immediately by Ngare Sergoi to replace their spotter airplane. 205 Chapter News. Continued Our latest fundraiser allows the zoo visitor to have their picture taken with a costume character. Our Chapter has already been able to pay for the camera and initial film expenses with the first character photographing. We are also working on having a booth at a local flea market as another potential fundraiser. All items sold would be donated by Chapter members. -Lisa Hughes, Chapter Liaison Toneka Chanter AAZK Now that Earth Day has come and gone, our Chapter has had time to sit back and reflect on our accomplishments. We surpassed our wildest dreams by raising enough money to purchase 30.5 acres of rainforest. Our presentations at the local elementary schools inspired the kids to raise enough money for 25 acres alone. The rest of the money came from Earth Day events which were co-sponsored by our Chapter and the Friends of the Topeka Zoo. There was a Rainforest Fun Run, a city- wide recycling campaign as well as donations and the sale of Rainforest Crunch. A total of $3991 .00 was raised for the Adopt-an-Acre Program. We also sold buttons, bumper stickers, note cards made from recycled paper and held a raffle to raise money for our Chapter. To give our Chapter a steady source of income, we purchased a spiral wishing well. We are hoping it will give us the resources to participate in different conservation projects and also allow us to fund Chapter projects at our zoo. -Ron Ringer, Chapter Liaison New Chanters Welcomed AAZK is pleased to welcome the following two new Chapters into the Association: OKC Zoo Chapter Made up of members from the Oklahoma City Zoo, the Chapter's mailing address is 2101 NE 50, Oklahoma City, OK 73111. Their officers are: President Darcy Henthorn Vice Pres Denise Steig Sec/Treas Janet Couch Chapter Liaison.. ...Denise Steig John B J1 Zoological Gardens Chanter Address for the Chapter is 1300 W. Fulton, Grand Rapids, MI 49418. Current officers are: President Babr De Boer Vice Pres... ..Phyllis Wojcik Secretary Jim Klinesteecker Treasurer.. ...Cheryl Schuneman Chapter Liaison.... .Bruce Wojcik Where To Purchase Chapter Products AAZK Logo Coffee Mugs - Milwaukee County Zoo AAZK Chapter, 10001 W. Bluemound Rd., Milwaukee, WI 53226. $5.50 each. AAZK “I Zoo! Zoo You?” Bumper Stickers - High Plains AAZK Chapter, Lee Richardson Zoo, c/o Joanna Arneson, P.O. Box 499, Garden City, KS 67846. $2.50 each. AAZK Magnetic Keeper Safety Sign - Flint Hills AAZK Chapter, Sunset Zoo, 11th & Poyntz, Manhattan, KS 66502. $10.85 each plus $1.00 P&H. AAZK Logo T-Shirts ($8.50), Sweatshirts ($18.00) and Colder Holders - Little Rock Chapter AAZK, Little /Rock Zoo, #1 Jonesboro Drive, Little Rock, AR 72205 AAZK Logo Auto Decals and Stickers - Mill Mountain AAZK Chapter, Mill Mountain Zoo, Inc., P.O. Box 13484, Roanoke, VA 24034. Decals - $2.50 each; Stickers $1.50 lg./$0.75 small. 206 Safari for Ngare Sergoi Support Group - DECEMBER 8, 1990 Two weeks in which to explore the best Game Reserves and Parks of Kenya and meet Anna Merz in her rhino sanctuary at Lewa Downs. View the game of Amboseli in the shadow of Mount Kilimanjaro; see the variety of unique species that make the rough, dry terrain of Samburu their home; wonder at the prolific birdlife at Lake Nakuru and cross the floor of the Great Rift Valley to visit the Masai Mara, northern extension of the legendary Serengeti Plain. Under the leadership of Andy Lodge, Coordinator of Ngare Sergoi Support Group, we invite you to join a group of like-minded travellers who have taken the plight of the Rhinoceros to heart and wish to make a positive contribution to the fight to save the species of Kenya. The itinerary comprises two nights each in Nairobi, Ambosili, Lewa Downs, Samburu and the Masai Mara, and one night at Lake Naivasha. Transportation will be in new Nissan Vans with velour-covered bucket seats, operated by friendly, expert drivers. At Lewa Downs your game viewing on the Ranch will be with a member of the Craig family in their four-wheel drive vehicle. Round trip air travel is on Pan American Airways scheduled flights. Land cost per person sharing twin accommodations is $1799 which includes a donation of $150 per person to Ngare Sergoi. The single supplement is $425, but single accommodations are limited. Group airfare from New York is $1430 plus applicable taxes. Special add-on fares are available from connecting cities and will be quoted upon request. A deposit of $400 per person will reserve your place and should be sent to: Kenyan NOVEMBER 24 Safariworld! 40 East 49 Street New York, New York 10017 (212) 486-0505; 1-800-366-0505 Ngare Sergoi Support Group P.O. Box 29503 Columbus, OH 43229 (614) 885-0458 Paid Advertisement Patagonian Cavy Survey Results Submitted By Lori Monska-Wright, Keeper Herbivore I Carnivore Complex Columbus Zoo, Powell , OH In 1987, the keeper staff of the Columbus Zoo’s Herbivore/Carnivore Complex initiated a survey on the Patagonian cavy or mara ( Dolichotis patagonum ) in captivity, focusing on various medical and husbandry aspects. A primary motivation for this survey was the fact our zoo was experiencing severe dental and other medical problems in some of our cavies. We mailed this survey to 24 institutions that, according to ISIS files, were maintaining maras in the spring of 1987. Eighteen of these (72%) were returned. After reviewing these, we sent a second questionnaire to some institutions to clarify and expand on some of their information and statistics. A few of these were returned, providing further details for our survey. We wish to thank all of those who took the time and effort to respond to our survey. Below is a list of the responding institutions, followed by a summary of the information and statistics received. Birmingham Zoo Calgary Zoo Columbus Zoological Gardens Dallas Zoo Denver Zoological Gardens Fort Worth Zoological Park Houston Zoological Gardens Lee Richardson Zoo Lincoln Park Zoological Gardens Little Rock Zoological Gardens Los Angeles Zoo Metro Toronto Zoo Montgomery Zoo New York Zoological Park Oklahoma City Zoological Park Omaha's Henry Doorly Zoo Santa Ana Zoo Washington Park Zoo Woodland Park Zoo DIET: Patagonian cavies are offered a wide variety of diets among the 19 institutions (including Columbus) that responded. 74% of the respondents provide a pelleted or sweet feed grain ration, either alone or with supplements. Other zoos offered a diversity of feeds. Carrots, apples, sweet potatoes, and lettuce are the most widely fed produce. Other greens offered included cabbage, spinach, escarole and endive. Other produce offered either regularly or sporadically includes bananas, pears, broccoli, oranges, celery, white potatoes, corn on the cob and grapes. Peanuts and sunflower seeds have also been fed. One zoo reported that they do not feed their cavies produce; two zoos feed it eveiy other day and one offers it every other week. As for hay, generally first, second and third cutting alfalfa is provided. However, some zoos offer timothy, prairie/coastal hay, fourth cutting alfalfa, or grass in addition to or instead of the alfalfa. Wheat and bamboo have also been offered, and browse is regularly provided by 63% of the zoos. A handful of zoos don't supplement with trace mineral salt or selenium: however, one of those does provide pet drop vitamins. Please see Appendix I for an analysis of some of the feeds used. HEALTH: As already stated, one of the principle reasons for the survey was to gather health information because our animals were experiencing several major medical problems, most notably abnormal tooth growth, gum problems, ear attenuation, and weight loss. However, most of the institutions responding did not seem to experience many occurrences of these problems. On rare occasions, four zoos found it necessary to trim teeth on their animals. Few also reported any incidence of weight loss, tooth abscess, or ear attenuation. No causes for the above were listed. Routine worming occurs in approximately half the zoos; others worm when parasites or evidence of them are found. 208 Patagonian Caw Survey Results. Continued REPRODUCTION: Two zoos reported observing signs of breeding behavior. The Fort Worth Zoo stated that the courting male is very attentive to the female in estrous and grooms her. Also, he is usually very vocal and hyperactive at this time. On the other hand, the female shows little interest, initially sits down when mounted, but then she becomes aggressive. At the Little Rock Zoo, males were observed following females and sniffing and rolling in the latter's scats. The males would chase the female for about one day before she was receptive. The courting male would also chase the other male frequently at this time. A few places reported fighting among the males in the presence of an estrous female. Maras prefer spring and summer as mating seasons with fall also reported as a time of courtship activity. Only four of the returned surveys recorded instances of pair bonding, although several sources of literature claim adult maras pair bond for life, both in the wild and in captivity. Average litter size is reported as 1-2; a litter of up to four was reported. Zoos that recorded high neonate mortality rates attributed this to inbreeding. About half of the zoos surveyed reported that they had to hand-raise at least one cavy. Please see Appendix 2 for some of the diets used in hand-rearing situations. BREEDING AGE: Insufficient data was provided to report. IDENTIFICATION: Ear tagging is the preferred method of identification; tattooing and ear notching are also used. Some places use a combination of these methods. EXHIBIT: According to survey results, all reporting zoos except Calgary have year-round exhibits. In about half of these, maras are displayed in mixed species environments. Among the species they are kept with are llamas, alpacas, capybaras, red brocket deer, Brazilian tapirs, mountain tapirs, rheas, Orinoco geese, and great gray kangaroos. At the Houston Zoo, they have been housed with llamas, sheep, wallabies, turkeys, pheasants, emus and Galapagos tortoises. Dirt, grass and sand are the main substrates used in mara exhibits. Also mentioned in the survey were mulch, cement and small sized gravel. Many of the enclosures are lightly landscaped, primarily with trees and shrubs. 79% of the respondents said their exhibits were either lightly landscaped or not at all. Exhibit sizes ranged from 20' x 20' to 125' x 175*. MISCELLANEOUS: Only one zoo has never recorded any observation of the cavies rolling in dust or covering themselves with it. Netting is the preferred method of capture, accomplished by either herding the animals into a corner or utilizing a tunnel or nest box. Two institutions reported that they hand-catch their cavies. 209 Patagonian Caw Survey Results. Continued APPENDIX I Grain Protein (%) Fiber(%) Fat Amaunt/Animal Billie Allen Sweet Feed 12 l/21b Dog Food - Monkey Chow - Rabbit Pellets - Guinea Pig Chow 18 16 4 2 parts Hoofstock Grain 16 13 3 2 parts Primate Biscuit - - - 1 part Rabbit Chow 14 1/2 cup Monkey Chow 1 1/2 cup Oats 1/2 cup Rodent Lagomorph pellets 15 free choice Rodent Chow 25 Primate Chow 25 ... Purina Balance Blend 10 2 cups Purina Fresh Start D&H * -- ... Guinea Pig Chow 18 15 1.8 11b Universal Grain 18 1 cup HMS High Fiber free choice or Herbivore Diet 16 1 cup with High Fiber Primate Diet 23 1 cup primate Sweet Feed 12.5 1/4 cup Horse Chow 12.5 1/4 cup Dog Chow 21 1/4 cup Rabbit Chow 16 1/4 cup Macro Mix 23 -- 8 0.6039kg Waynes Dry Dog Food 25 free choice Rolled Oats 10 1 cup Purina Sweet Feed "Special Mix" ** 19 1/2 lb Blue Seal Herbi Mix 16 2 cups ADF16 17.5 5 1/3 oz High Fiber Monkey Chow 25 free choice ADF16 17.2 13.5 3 1/4 quart Rodent Chow 23 6 4.5 *Llama diet cavies have access to **Special mix for Oklahoma City Zoo The percentages were recorded as they were reported in the survey. 210 Patagonian Caw Survey Results, Continued APPENDIX 2 Formulas for Hand-Rearing Houston Zoological Gardens Nipple - human Even-flo® Formula - Esbilac® mixed, for canine, with water Metro Toronto .Zoo Nipple - Curity® baby nipples Formula - A) 1 part goat’s milk to 3 parts water B) SPF Lac® undiluted to start, later adding Pablum, calcium, Sandoz, ABDEC Weaning - at approximately 1 month of age young should be eating solids readily Denver Zoological Gardens Reported the cavy was approximately 1 month old Nipple - human premature nipple Formula - 1 part evaporated milk to 1 part water Weaning - started at approximately 50 days over a 2 week period. Feedings (4 oz. per feeding) reduced from 3 feedings per day to 2 and then 1 , then none. Columbus Zoological Gardens Formula - A) 4 oz Esbilac® plus 4 oz homogenized milk with 1 egg yolk B) Esbilac® (Pedialyte® added as needed to dilute concentration to prevent diarrhea.) Started with lOcc per feeding at 30cc began weaning Weaning - at approximately 30 days gradually decreased amount and number of feedings. If anyone would like more information, they may contact Lori at (614) 645-3412. 211 Book The Encyclopedia of Animal Biology Edited by R. McNeill Alexander Equinox (Oxford) Ltd. 1987 Facts on File, Inc. 460 Park Ave. S.» NY, NY 10016 144 pp. hardcover $24.95 Review by Tom Aversa Senior Keeper Boston Metro Zoos Boston , MA This book is a useful reference source for zoo keepers and other people involved in any field of biology. It is actually one of Facts on File's four-part series which also includes the Encyclopedias of Animal Behavior, Animal Evolution, and Animal Ecology. This fact-filled volume is edited by R. McNeill Alexander, who is a long-time professor of zoology at the University of Leeds. He combines his material with information written by seven other educators from five continents, and brings things together into a very cohesive book. The format of the book is that of a pictorial encyclopedia. Each page is packed with colorful photographs, diagrams, excellent illustrations, and charts and graphs where applicable. The book can be enjoyed on two levels. It is an excellent reference tool, and can be consulted when specific information is needed, or it can be browsed as a "coffee table" type of book. The casual reader can get a great deal out of the book just by looking at the pictures and reading the in-depth captions. The encyclopedia is divided into nine main sections. Each provides lots of information on basic animal biology. The Animal Kingdom is the first and perhaps most useful section. It provides an easy to use chart which outlines the animal phylums and taxonomy. Subsequent sections examine molecules, cells, feeding and digestion, gas exchange and circulation, the internal environment, and the senses. The movement of animals, their coordination and control, and reproduction and development are also examined. The scope of this book is extremely broad. The real value of the encyclopedia is the breadth of general biological wisdom that is found between its covers. Basic biological concepts are elucidated, and this can be very useful for the zoo keeper who may have forgotten some of these basics along the way. 212 NOW AVAILABLE Zoonotic Diseases. 2nd Edition AAZK is pleased to announce the availability of the Second Edition of the Zoonotic Diseases Handbook. This 40-page reference work details the most common zoonotic diseases, offers guidelines for preventive control and covers personal hygiene and disinfection procedures. This Second Edition contains expanded listings of zoonotic diseases and has been formatted in 5 1/2" x 8 1/2" AKF size. Information on each disease is presented in a text format which includes Ethiologic Agent, Means of Transmission to Man, Global Distribution, Alternate or Intermediate Hosts, Human Incubation and Human Symptoms. Editor for this volume is Bruce Clark of the Toledo Zoo. Copies may be purchased by completing the order form below. Prices are: $5.00 for Professional AAZK members; $6.50 for all other AAZK membership categories; and $8.50 for non-members. The prices include shipping and handling within North America. Orders outside the U.S. and Canada should add $3.00 for foreign postage by Air Mail. Make check or money order payable in U.S. FUNDS ONLY to: "AAZK". Please allow 3-4 weeks for delivery. Zoonotic Diseases Published by The American Association of Zoo Keepers, Tnc. Please send — - — copy/copies of the AAZK Zoonotic Diseases Handbook to: NAME: _ : ADDRESS: CITY: STATE: ZIP: MEMBERSHIP CATEGORY; P AF AS INST Non-Mem TOTAL AMOUNT INCUDED: $ .. .. Send to: Zoonotic Diseases, AAZK, 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606 §AAZK Diet Notebook Mammals, Volume 1 The AAZK Diet Notebook, Mammals - - Volume 1 contains approximately 325 diets representing 213 species and subspecies from fourteen participating institutions. The diets are arranged by taxonomic order using ISIS numbers in a durable and attractive three- ring binder. Each Diet Response Form included in Volume 1 contains the following information: common name, scientific name, ISIS number, the contributing individual, their institution and its address, how long the diet has been used, whether the animals have bred while on the diet, the diet ingredients, instructions for preparation, notes and remarks, special considerations and nutritional analysis (if available). The Diet Notebook is a copyrighted publication of the American Association of Zoo Keepers, Inc., and may be ordered by filling out the following form and sending it, along with a check or money order (U.S. FUNDS ONLY) made payable to "AAZK Diet Notebook" to: Diet Notebook Order, AAZK, 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606 U.S. A. Cost of the Diet Notebook is as follows: 1) AAZK Members $40.00; 2) Non-members $55.00; 3) Institutions $70.00. These prices represent prepaid order prices and include postage for the U.S. and Canada. Those placing orders from overseas should contact AAZK Administrative Offices, 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606 for additional postage charges. Please allow 4-6 weeks for delivery. ctV- 2s*- Sv* v%Bam®? 1LA n 4*% mm N^Lzutins ‘Tutfriis FRENCH QUARTER - Established in 1718, the French Quarter today is a 90- square block area bordered by the river. In 1856, Place d’Armes was renamed to honor General Andrew Jackson, hero of the Battle of New Orleans. Jackson Square is now the hub and heartbeat of the Quarter and the quiet, white St. Louis Cathedral watches over it. Sexy, Sassy, Brassy Bourbon Street - it's a pedestrian mall, a food fair, a jazz festival. Dixieland, rhythm and blues and cajun music pour out of the jazz clubs and at Preservation Hall on St. Peter, $2.00 buys you the best traditional jazz in the world. The French Quarter combines the earthy and the ethereal, the chi-chi and downright cheap, the old and the new. CREOLE - A full-blooded West-Indian born in the colonies. The Creoles imbued the city with grace, grandeur and romance. And the Creoles created a world famous cuisine. CAJUN - French settlers from Acadia (New Brunswick and Nova Scotia) who settled in Southern Louisiana. Cajuns brought a new exuberance and zest to the region. Today most of southwestern Louisiana is called Acadiana, or Cajun Country. The devil-may-care Cajun spirit flavors the food, music and atmosphere of south Louisiana and New Orleans. CREOLE CUISINE - a creation of French and Spanish settlers, characterized by the sauces. Creole sauces are creamy and full-flavored with the rich use of herbs and spices. CAJUN COOKING - tends to be more robust and hot-peppery than Creole. The two styles have combined over the last several years to form Louisiana cooking. In New Orleans, food is the main attraction. CITIES OF THE DEAD - Because of the low water table, burials in New Orleans are above ground. The cemeteries with their tombs, temples and mausoleums look like small cities. They range in size from the small St. Louis Cemetery which dates from 1788, to the enormous Metarie Cemetery which was once a race-track. BEIGNET (bin-yea) - a square shaped pastry, a donut without a hole liberally sprinkled with powdered sugar. A New Orleans tradition served at Cafe du Monde in the Quarter. CAFE-AU-LAIT - a half-and-half blend of strong chicory coffee and hot milk. DRESSED "PO-BOY" - a sandwich served on French bread "dressed" with mayo, lettuce, pickle and tomato. NAME 1990 NATIONAL AAZK CONFERENCE NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA NOVEMBER 4 - 8, 1990 CONFERENCE REGISTRATION FORM PLEASE TYPE OR PRINT (one name only per form) RETURN THIS FORM AND FEE TO: 1990 NATIONAL AAZK CONFERENCE AUDUBON ZOO P.O.BOX 4327 NEW ORLEANS, LA 70178 ADDRESS CITY STATE/PROVINCE — ZIP CODE TELEPHONE ( ) ZOO AFFILIATION AAZK COMMITTEE MEMBER: YES NO WILL BE SUBMITTING A PAPER: YES NO ($25.00 will be refunded from registration fee on acceptance of paper) HOW MANY NATIONAL AAZK CONFERENCES HAVE YOU ATTENDED? PARTICIPATING IN ZOOLYMPICS: YES NO BRINGING AN AUCTION ITEM: YES NO VEGETARIAN: YES NO (Specify Type) INTERESTED IN A CONFERENCE T-SHIRT? YES NO ( S M L XL) ARRIVAL DATE AND TIME: AAZK MEMBERSHIP STATUS AND FEES: Member or Spouse $75.00* Non-Member $90.00 Late Fee $10.00 (After 1 October 1990) TOTAL $ * Conference Proceedings costs are included in registration fee. Daily Rates for individual events are available. Contact TERRY CARR for details at (504) 861-2537. PLEASE MAKE PAYMENTS TO: "Audubon Zoo AAZK Chapter*’ HOTEL RESERVATION REQUEST 1990 National AAZK Conference November 4-8, 1990 New Orleans, Louisiana Clarion Hotel New Orleans NAME ADDRESS CITY ZIP CODE ARRIVAL DATE ROOM GUARANTEED BY: _ STATE/PROVINCE TELEPHONE # ( ) CHECK-OUT DATE Mastercard Visa American Express CREDIT CARD# EXPIRATION DATE OR CHECK. (Make check payable to CLARION HOTEL NEW ORLEANS). First night's deposit or credit card guarantee required. Reservations MUST be received 30 davs prior to the opening date of the Conference ip qr Line AT TWC AUqoG»i> 2ag *? • ^ rfvTTteAR 0 STOK l£5) that they have ^ P^RTie^ ev€f?v &AY, avo t>avMi< Au- /A \ AVI-^Au..F^Ki [^P>1 ow LfT.£ Pino the rHE<-TC?«w, THe Pi«5T THIW& TM SOIM& To 1> WHe-NT GeT new oftt-tAvs vs iDRxpK. A IA X ?Aui o^OlYie SPacT WS Deep ..And ue^T aetHUo. Rgi/w ifec.xM OULY SWlkJQbJfi to Aa/tw^ / ^ocKerl1. A^d /; yod&E A/grv.rKJ/i I wi«h C \ hao my \ u/ing5,x: \ WISH x AA-P, MY WlMSS x wan n vVa-o My , uhnCS./ aAfiV/o rue"iA/e capt^o s>y THE- a/i^ 0R-V<3«iex Dircove^ 4 Hope cx)T■«- o>r S*- V' oV- CT5*- Sv- Sv* 2**“ oV- a3*- oV* oV- AAZK DIET NOTEBOOK ORDER FORM I wish to order — . copy (ies) of the AAZK Diet Notebook. (check one) AAZK Member Non-Member Institution . Total amount enclosed: $ Name: - Address: . City: _ State/Province: Zip/Postal Code: Telephone: ALL ORDERS MUST BE PREPAID NOW AVAILABLE Zoonotic Diseases. 2nd Edition AAZK is pleased to announce the availability of the Second Edition of the Zoonotic Diseases Handbook. This 40-page reference work details the most common zoonotic diseases, offers guidelines for preventive control and covers personal hygiene and disinfection procedures. This Second Edition contains expanded listings of zoonotic diseases and has been formatted in 5 1/2" x 8 1/2" AKF size. Information on each disease is presented in a text format which includes Ethiologic Agent, Means of Transmission to Man, Global Distribution, Alternate or Intermediate Hosts, Human Incubation and Human Symptoms. Editor for this volume is Bruce Clark of the Toledo Zoo. Copies may be purchased by completing the order form below. Prices are: $5.00 for Professional AAZK members; $6.50 for all other AAZK membership categories; and $8.50 for non-members. The prices include shipping and handling within North America. Orders outside the U.S. and Canada should add $3.00 for foreign postage by Air Mail. Make check or money order payable in U.S. FUNDS ONLY to: "AAZK". Please allow 3-4 weeks for delivery. Zoonotic Diseases Published by The American Association of Zoo Keepers, Inc. Please send copy/copies of the AAZK Zoonotic Diseases Handbook to: NAME: ADDRESS: CITY: STATE: ZIP: MEMBERSHIP CATEGORY; P AF AS INST Non-Mem TOTAL AMOUNT INCUDED: $ Send to: Zoonotic Diseases, AAZK, 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606 Institutions wishing to advertise employment opportunities are asked to send pertinent data by the 15th of each month to: Opportunity Knocks /AKE, 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606. Please include closing dates for positions available. There is no charge for this service and phone-in listings of positions which become available close to deadline are accepted. Our phone number is (913) 272-5821 Ext. 31; FAX - 913-272-2539. AVIARY KEEPER ... Avicultural Breeding & Research Center has positions open - cleaning, feeding and caring for Cockatoos, Macaws, Amazons and a small variety of Hornbills and Waterfowl. Responsibilities include repair of aviary, cages, nestboxes, and understanding of the birds and a careful study of their eating habits with the ability to discern problems through not eating, fecal change and physical look. Salary $13,000 - $16,000 range. Onsite housing available. Polygraph required. Send info (background experience, personal resume) to : E. Trent Swigert, Curator of Birds, 1471 Folsom Road, Loxahatchee, FL 33470 (Palm Beach area) or phone (305) 793-5135. ZOOKEEPER/Topeka Zoo...requires high school diploma. College-level biology courses and one year paid zoo experience desirable (relevant unpaid experience may substitute). Salary $16,578 - $22,477/yr. plus benefits. Recruiting for openings August 1990-January 1991. Send resume to: Personnel Dept., City of Topeka, P.O. Box 1996, Topeka, KS 66601. ANIMAL CARE TECHNICIAN... maintenance of hospital and quarantine collection, assist veterinarian in surgical procedures, various lab work and record keeping. For more information, call Jean Benchimol, General Curator, The Zoo, (904) 932-2229 or send letter of interest and complete resume to: The Zoo, 5701 Gulf Breeze Pkwy., Gulf Breeze, FL 32561. BIRD KEEPER/Philadelphia Zoo...responsible for care, feeding, health and safety of captive exotic birds; exhibit maintenance; behavior observation; recordkeeping; interaction w/visitors. Qualifications include high school diploma or GED; prefer Biology or Zoology degree; at least 1 year captive exotic experience; writing, verbal and recordkeeping skills. Must work with variety of animals and flexible schedule. Salary low $20's w/ benefits. Send letter, resume and 3 professional letters of recommendation to: HDR, Philadelphia Zoo, 34th & Girard, Philadelphia, PA 19104. VETERINARY TECHNIC I AN. ..requires veterinary technician certification and technician experience with zoo or exotic animals. Will assist in the daily medical management of the zoo's collection and the operation of the hospital. Salary $24,000 with excellent benefits. Send cover letter and resume to: Julie Pelto, DVM, Staff Veterinarian, Roger Williams Park Zoo, Roger Williams Park, Providence, RI 02905. The following two keeper positions are available at the Roger Williams Park Zoo, Providence, RI. Salary for each position is $24,000 with excellent benefits. For either position send cover letter and resume to: John Croxton, General Curator, Roger Williams Park Zoo, Roger Williams Park, Providence, RI 02905. ZOOKEEPER ...requires two years’ experience. Bachelor's degree in biological sciences preferred. Responsible for daily animal care, behavioral observation, and exhibit/grounds maintenance. Will work with mammals, birds and reptiles. ZOOKEEPERIELEPH ANTS. ..requires two year's experience working with elephants. Bachelor's degree in biological science preferred. Will work with other mammals and birds in addition to 0.3 African elephants. SUPERVISORY KEEPER/BIRDS...responsibi\ities include managing daily operations, overseeing care of birds, and supervising staff in assigned area. Also engages in direct animal care, particularly of soft-billed birds. An ideal candidate will have at least four to five years animal care experience with emphasis on birds and some supervisory experience. College degree in biological field preferred. Excellent benefits. Salary $28, 296/year. Sumbit resume, letter of interest and references by 25 July 1990 to Personnel Office, Chicago Zoological Society, Brookfield Zoo, 3300 Golf Road, Brookfield, IL 65013. 251 J Opportunity Knocks, Continued ZOOKEEPER...f\iU-time position - we are seeking an energetic self-starter to work with a wide variety of animals including 95 sp. of mammals, birds, herps, fish and invertebrates. Applicant must have a working knowledge of the care of exotic animals in a progressive zoo situation. Must be willing to participate in the design of new exhibits. Minimum qualifications; high school graduation, college preferred; experience working with exotic animals in a zoo setting; knowledge of current zoo philosophy; willingness to accept responsibility and work with a team. Salary $5.10-$5.45/hour plus benefits. Send resume to: Steven M. Wing, General Curator, Folsom Children's Zoo & Botanical Gardens, 2800 “A” Street, Lincon, NE 68502. Closing date is 24 July 1990. KEEPER (£).<,. must be experienced with equids and other ungulates. Degree in biology or related field preferred. Must be supportive of captive breeding/con servation research programs. Will assist in the design/development/construction of animal programs and facilities. Send resume and references by 31 July 1990 to the International Center for the Preservation of Wild Animals, Inc., 85 East Gay Street, Suite 603, Columbus, OH 43215. EOE. ELEPHANT KEEPER... no elephant experience necessary but must have proven animal experience with other species. $20,000+ salary with excellent benefits package. Send resume and references by 31 July 1990 to the Personnel Department, Kings Island, OH 45034. EOE. Information Please I am looking for any information on any record of a Ruffed lemur ( Variegatus ), ever having two separate litters from the same female a little over a month apart. Neonates in both litters were physically fully-developed except for one in the second litter which weighed only 32 grams. The first birth, in which there was only one neonate (stillborn), occurred at the end of the 90-105 day gestation period from when breeding was observed (birth at 103 days). Please send any information to : Tim Guthrie, Wildlife Safari, P.O. Box 1600, Winston, OR 97496-0231. We are beginning studies on Clonophis kirtlandi and would be grateful for any information that you may have available. We’re looking for literature, bibliographies, information on natural history, husbandry, present range, and especially diet and nutrition. We would be more than happy to share any of our information. Contact: Bill Quatman, Louisville Zoological Garden, 1100 Trevillian Way, Louisville, KY 40213, or call (502) 459-2181, ext. 388. We work with black bears in the Rare and Wild America Show at the San Diego Wild Animal Park. We are interested in hearing from anyone who works with black bears in a show setting. We work with two neutered males, ages 3 and 4. As these animal approach sexual maturity, we have had some problems with restlessness and inattentiveness in the animals during their shows. So far we have experienced no actual aggression, but are curious to know if this behavior is a prelude to possible aggression. If you have any information please write or call either Lisa DeFino or Dave Nix, Rare and Wild America Show, San Diego Wild Animal Park, Route 1, Box 725E, Escondido, CA 92025 (619) 738- 5076. I am interested in any information regarding the hand-rearing of Spider Monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi ) and their subsequent reintroduction to an established group. If possible, please include diets used, age at reintroduction, group dynamics and any other pertinent information. Please send to: Anne Baker, Curator of Primates, Brookfield Zoo, 3300 S. Golf Road, Brookfield, IL 60513. 252 AAZK Membership Application Name check here if renewal [ ] Address — — City State/Province Zip □ $30.00 Professional Full-time Keepers □ $25.00 Affiliate Other staff & volunteers □ $25.00 Associate Those not connected with an animal facility □ $20.00 Library Library subscription only Zoo Affiliation (if any) — Zoo Address □ $30.00 International All members outside U.S. & Canada regardless of category □ $50.00 or more Contributing Organizations & individuals Mail this application and check or money order (U.S. CURRENCY ONLY PLEASE), made payable to American Association of Zoo Keepers, Inc., to : AAZK Administrative Offices, Topeka Zoo, 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606 U.S.A. Membership includes a subscription to Animal Keepers' Forum. The membership card is good for free admission to many zoos and aquariums in the U.S. and Canada. INFORMATION FOR CONTRIBUTORS Animal Keepers' Forum publishes original papers and news items of interest to the animal keeping profession. Non-members are welcome to submit articles for consideration. Articles should be typed or hand-printed and double-spaced. All illustrations, graphs and tables should be clearly marked, in final form, and should fit in a page size no greater than 6" x 10" (15cm x 25 l/2cm). Literature used should be cited in the text and in final bibliography. Avoid footnotes. Include scientific name of species (as per ISIS) the first time it is used. Thereafter use common name. Black and white photos only accepted. Articles sent to Animal Keepers' Forum will be reviewed for publication. No commitment is made to the author, but an effort will be made to publish articles as soon as possible. Lengthy articles may be separated into monthly installments at the discretion of the editor. The editor reserves the right to edit material without consultation unless approval is requested in writing by the author. Materials submitted will not be returned unless accompanied by a stamped, self-addressed envelope. Telephone or FAX contributions of late-breaking news or last-minute insertions are accepted. However, long articles must be sent by U.S. mail. The phone number is (913) 272-5821 Ext. 31. FAX # is 913-272-2539. DEADLINE FOR EACH EDITION IS THE 15TH OF THE FREC.EDm.GMQ.MTH Articles printed do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the Animal Keepers' Forum editorial staff or the American Association of Zoo Keepers, Inc. Publication does not indicate endorsement by the Association. Items in this publication may be reprinted providing credit to this publication is given and a copy of the reprinted material is forwarded to the editor. Reprints of material appearing in this journal may be ordered from the editor. PRINTED IN U.S A. Forwarding & Address Correction Requested H 05 o S3 co C >§ cn N | tsll sell a»i I 8 St? 2. O §; • * o* 3 Animal Keepers' Forum ^ August 1990 M . Dedicated to Professional Animal Care ANIMAL KEEPERS' FORUM . 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606 Editor-in-Chief: Susan Chan Assistant Editor: Ron Ringer August 1990 Volume Seventeen Number Eight Animal Keepers' Forum (ISSN 0164-9531) is a monthly journal of the American Association of Zoo Keepers, Inc., 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606. Ten dollars of each membership fee goes toward the annual publication costs of Animal Keepers' Forum . Third Class postage paid at Topeka, KS. Postmaster: Please send address changes to: American Association of Zoo Keepers, Inc. Administrative Offices, 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606 Barbara Manspeaker, Administrative Secretary BOARD OF DIRECTORS Oliver Claffey, Metro Toronto Zoo, Toronto, Ontario, Canada President Bob Debets, Assiniboine Park Zoo, Winnipeg, Manitoba Canada Vice President Frank B. Kohn, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC 20008 Immediate Past President Janet McCoy, Washington Park Zoo, Portland, OR 97221 Ed Hansen, Reid Park Zoo, Tucson, AZ 85716 COMMITTEE CHAIRPERSONS -- PROTECT HEADS Conference Book Committee Tim Kelly, Assiniboine Park Zoo Awards Committee Jan McCoy, Washington Park Zoo Book Review Coordinator Rick Emmer, Cleveland Metroparks Zoo Staff Exchange Dale Frerking, Kansas City Zoo AAZK History Committee Rachel Rogers, Miami Metrozoo International Affairs Coordinators - Mona Conservation. Preservation. Restoration Keeper Training & Education {includes Library Resources, Reference Search, Program Library, and Keeper Training Materials) L.R/R.S. - Marilyn Cole, Metro Toronto K.T.M- Rosemary Jalink Krussman, Nat'l Aquarium Research/Grants Committee Susan M. Barnard, Zoo Atlanta Public Education Committee Ellen Bradfield, Zoo Atlanta Keith, Calgary Zoo (east) Pam McDougall, Calgary Zoo (west) 1CPR) Committee - Bob Debets, Assiniboine Park Zoo Animal Pata...Iransfer Form Bemie Feldman, Burnet Park Zoo AAZK....LiaisQn to AAZPA/IZE Brint Spencer, Beardsley Zoological Gdns. Keeper Accommodations List Heidi Manicki, Metro Toronto Zoo An Approach to Zookeeping Pat Sammarco, Santa Fe Teaching Zoo ZQQ..Infant-D.e.Y£iQpmeiii..E£Djeci Harmony Frazier-Taylor, Woodland Park Zoo AAZK Manual of Resources Elandra Aum, Woodland Park Zoo Exhibit Design Form Mark de Denus, Assiniboine Park Zoo Public-Relations Liaison Tim Kurkowski, Zoo Atlanta Membership Directory Administrative Office Staff Diet. N.ot.e.hmiL Susan Bunn Spencer, Beardsley Zoological Gdns. Biological Values/Gestation Toni Danzig, Greater S. F. Bay Area Chapter Legislative Advisor John Stoddard, Chicago, IL Bv-Laws Review Marilyn Cole, Metro Toronto Zoo Zoo/Uniyersity List Mike Illig, Washington Park Zoo Nominations & Elections David Luce, Fresno Zoo Zoonotic Diseases Notebook Bruce Clark, Toledo Zoo Keeper Training Videotape Marilyn Cole, Metro Toronto Zoo/Production Coordinator Order/Distribution Center at AAZK Administrative Offices in Topeka AAZK Chapter-Network System Coordinator - Mark de Denus, Assiniboine Park Zoo, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada Co-Coordinators Colleen Kinzley, Knowland Park Zoo (Oakland, CA) and Nancy Pintavalli, Columbus Zoo (Columbus, OH) This month's cover features the Ring-tailed Lemur (Lemur catta) drawn by Ann Bushman, a keeper at the Greenville Zoo, Greenville, SC, and President of their AAZK Chapter. The Ring-tailed lemur lives only in Madagascar, a large island off the coast of Africa. They are a predominantly ground-dwelling species, runing about on all fours with their tails held up in the air. They are gregarious and highly sociable, living in troops of 5-30 individuals. The Ring-tailed troop is a matriarchy. Ringtails are an endangered species because of human encroachment and habitat destruction. Thanks, Ann! Scoops and/ Scuttlebutt Canadian 800 Number Added at AO Last month we announced the installation of a toll-free 800 number for AAZK Administrative Offices in Topeka. That number is 1-800-242-4519. However, Canadian members need to be aware that this number does not work when calling from Canada. The Canadian 800 number is 1-800-468-1966. We hope these numbers will make it easier for members to have easy access to Administrative Offices. Heads All Committee/Project Heads are reminded that their annual reports are due by 15 September. They should be sent to your Board of Directors Oversight. Filing an annual report is one of the responsibilities required of all committee/project chairs. All committee/project reports are put together into books for the Conference Board meetings in New Orleans. Copies of the reports will also be available for any member who would like to see them during the conference. AnriLEools Article Taken Seroiuslv Bv Some It appears that David Thornton's article “The African Adventure Comes To America: a new exhibit at the Brookfield Zoo” which appeared in the April 1990 AKF has been taken as a serious article by some rather than the April Fools whimsey it was intended to be. Like David's other articles ("Having A Ball With Beetlemania” [April 1987]; “First We Get Moose and Squirrel: A History of Meese in America” [April 1988]; and “Be A Slug: Invertebrate Exhibition for the 90's” [April 1989]) , this one was intended to be for fun. We apologize if it gave anyone another impression or caused any embarassment or problems for any individual or institution. We will make sure a disclaimer follows any such articles in future. What's In A Name? Russian Linguist Seeks Answers AAZK Administrative Offices have received a letter from Peter Sekirin, an Associate Professor in the Linguistics Dept, at Kiev Pedagogical Institute, USSR He is in the process of writing a book about the names people give to animals in different languages. He would very much like to hear from American zookeepers about the names given to animals at their institutions. He is seeking at least 200 names from any species of animals. If you would like to contribute to his efforts, send your list of the animals at your zoo (does not need to be your entire collection!) and their names (plus any significants for the name) to AAZK AO, 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606. We will forward any information we receive on to Peter in Kiev. This could be a fun Chapter project! 253 Scoops & goulttebpit, Continued l^ggarch Grants Available frgmAAZK The American Association of Zoo Keepers, Inc. awards two grants of $500 each annually to zoo keepers interested in pursuing a specific zoo-related research project. Anyone interested in submitting a proposal should address their application requests to: Sue Barnard, Chairperson, AAZK Research/Grants Committee, Zoo Atlanta, 800 Cherokee Ave. S.E., Atlanta, GA 30315. Section Coordinators Named for Zoo Infant Development Project The following individuals have been named section coordinators for the Zoo Infant Development Project which is under the direction of Chair Harmony Frazier-Taylor, Woodland Park Zoo, Seattle, WA: Birds Softbill Section Kim Livingstone San Diego Wild Animal Park Birds - Hookbill Section Maggie Liguori and Terri Maas Philadelphia Zoo Reptile/Amphibian Section - Jeanne Boceongelli Turtle Back Zoo Note from the Editor, For several months we have been seeking a source of recycled paper for use in printing Animal Keepers' Forum. We think we have finally located one which we can afford (I know it's a crime that recycled paper cost more!) and we will begin using it for AKF with the September 1990 issue. This month you may notice some difference in the cover stock- that's because it's recycled paper as well. We don’t really feel that the use of recycled paper will interfer with the quality of the publication and, more importantly, as an association concerned with all aspects of our environment, it only makes good sense for us to use recycled products whenever possible. — — ■ — — — ■ — — 1 \ World Wildlife Fund Conservation Award World Wildlife Fund is requesting nominations for the 1990 Conservation Award to be presented to an AAZK Chapter for its contributions to conservation. The selection will be based on the significance and impact of the Chapter's conservation project(s). Nominations should include a description of the project(s) along with reports, articles, press clippings, etc., that the projects) produced. These projects can encompass education, research, or fund-raising for conservation activities. The nominated project(s) should be AAZK Chapter initiated and supported. Please submit nominations to: Rich Block, Director of Public Programs World Wildlife Fund 1250 24th Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20037 The deadline for submitting nominations is 15 September 1990. V. / 254 Coming Events IggQ.AAZgA-Ammal Conference September 23-27, 1990 Indianapolis, IN For further information, contact Travis Edenfield, Indianapolis Zoo, 1200 West Washington St, Indianapolis, IN 46222 (317) 638-8072. 10th Annual AZH Conference October 7-11, 1990 Columbia, SC The Association of Zoological Horticulture will hold its conference at the Riverbanks Zoological Park. Pre and Post Conference tours will be available. For information and registrationcontact: Jim Martin do Riverbanks Zoological Park, P.O. Box 1060, Columbis, SC 29209-1060 Phone: (803) 779-8717. Biodiversity and Landscapes: Human Challenges. for. .Conservation in the Changing World October 22-25, 1990 University Park, PA Organized by the Center for BioDiversity Research, Environmental Resource Research Institute, Penn State, the conference will approach biodiversity from the biological, humanistic, ecological, and socio-economical perspectives and will explore initiates in conservation, preservation, restoration and human survival. Will include speakers, panel discussions, public forum and field trips. Registration fee is $50.00. For more informationc ontact: Dr. K.C. Kim, 117 Land and Water, Center for BioDiversity Research, Penn State, University Park, PA 16802 or call (814) 863-0159. 16th Annual AAZK National Conference November 4-8, 1990 New Orleans, LA Hosted by the Audubon Zoo AAZK Chapter. Information and registration forms may be found in the green insert in each month’s issue of AKF. Any additional questions should be directed to Terry Carr at the address given in the insert. lSlh.Armual Conference, of the International Marine Animal Trainers Association (IMA.TA1 November 4-9, 1990 Chicago, IL Hosted by the Chicago Zoological Society-Brookfield Zoo and the John G. Shedd Aquarium. Will include formal presentations, poster session and informal presentations such as videos/films. Theme for this year’s conference is “Developments in Marine Mammal Public Display and Research”. First Call for Papers now being issued-abstracts due by 15 August 1990. Conference hotel site is the McCormick Center Hotel. For further information and registration materials, contact: Randy Brill, Vice-President/IMATA, NOSC - Code 511, P.O. Box 997, Kailua, HI 96734-0997 USA, 255 Births & Hatchings Philadelphia Zoo...would like to report the following B&H from February through May 1990: Reptiles: 0.0.2 Prehensile-tailed skinks ( Corucia zebrata ) were bom with only one surviving. Established in the early 70's, Philadelphia Zoo has the largest breeding colony of this animal in the United States. Birds: there is a lot of activity in the Bird Dept. now. First we have 0.0.2 Hermit ibis ( Geronticus eremita ) chicks. We have been involved in the Hermit ibis breeding program since 1980. Annually, we have been producing 2-3 chicks. There are also 0.0.2 Guam rail ( Rallus owstoni ) and 1.0 Micronesian kingfisher ( Halcyon cinnamonina) chicks. These birds are part of the Guam Bird Rescue project. 0.1 Superb fruit dove ( Ptilinopus superbus ) was hatched. This is the second chick from the same female, but with a different male. Also hatched are 0.0.1 Sunbittern ( Eurypyga helias ), 0.0.2 Diademed tanagers ( Stephanophorus diadematus), two clutches of Blue crowned hanging parrots (. Loriculus gallgulus ), and 0.0.3 Silver-eared mesia ( Leiothrix argentaurus ). One of these did not survive. On a sad note, the Bird Dept, lost 4 out of 6 Amakihi ( Hemitragus virens ). They died suddenly of stress and aspergillosis following a malfunction of the heating system. This group had been maintained successfully in good condition since December 1988. Mammals: two pairs of Geoffroy's marmosets ( Callithrix jacchus geoffroyi) gave birth to twins. Both of these adult pairs are second generation captive-bred. For one pair, it was their first offspring. This was especialy exciting since the male was hand-raised by keepers and staff at the zoo. We also had 0.0.18 Naked mole rats ( Hetercephallus glaber) born. This is the second surviving litter with eight doing well at day 50. We now have two additional colonies established. We finally had successful breeding with our Short-eared elephant shrews ( Macroscelides proboscideus ). The two pairs bred producing two and one offspring respectively-one did not survive. A male Aardvark ( Orycteropus afer) was born and was being successfully cared for by its mother. But it died at five days due to complications from environmental factors. The Mammal Dept, has also acquired some new and exciting animals. We now have a male Malayan tapir ( Tapirus indicus ) from New York Zoo to pair with our breeding female. She had produced 0.3 offspring prior to the death of her mate in 1989. She is expecting in late summer/early fall of this year. A female Warthog (Phacochoerus aethiooppicus ) came to us from the L.A, Zoo to be paired with a male we have had since last summer. We are now planning an introduction program for them. This summer, as our highlight exhibit, we have a pair of Giant anteaters ( Myrmecophaga tridactyla) on loan from San Diego Zoo. Three Capybaras ( Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris) also share the exhibit and it is working well. We would like to express our regret at the loss of Submarie, our Nile hippopotamus ( Hippopotamus amphibius ). She died at the age of 41 years after producing 12 offspring at our zoo. submitted by Beth Shwenk, Chapter Liaison, Philadelphia Zoo AAZK Chapter, Philadelphia, PA. 256 Births & Hatchings. Continued, Dreher Park Zoo (West Palm Beach. FL).. announces that their prolific reptiles have been reproducing at a remarkable rate. In the last few weeks the breeding group (1.2) of Yellow- footed tortoises have produced 25 eggs and 9 offspring. Other neonates include 5 Gopher tortoise, 20 Brazilian boa (live birth), 9 newly hatched Albino king snakes and 4 Florida king snakes. In addition, the Everglades rat snake has laid 23 eggs and the Gulf Hammock rat snake 19 eggs, for a grand total as of 6 July of 77 eggs and 47 offspring. All of the eggs are being incubated and more boas are carring babies so more births and hatchings are expected. News Release 6 July 1990-Dreher Park Zoo. EuBdc 'Education Committee In the November *89 issue of AKF. the Public Education Committee solicited answers from the membership to questions frequently asked by zoo visitors. The committee is seeking the “best” answers to such questions to incorporate in a booklet. The following is the ninth question restated and the “best” answer to that question. Another frequently asked question will appear at the end of this article - please take a few minutes and put your thoughts together and send them to Ellen Bradfield at the address given below. Question #9 was: Do wild animals make good pets? The answer to Question # 9 is: Keeping a wild animal as a pet is truly a contradiction in terms when we consider that (1) one definition of “pet” is: domesticated animal kept for pleasure rather than usefulness, and (2) a definition for “wild” is: a natural or undomesticated state or existence; uncontrolled. Wild-caught animals often don’t make it to the pet store. Careless capture methods, poor transportation conditions and unprofessional handling may cause up to ten animals to die for each live one that is finally sold. Even captive-bred animals have complex needs that very few people are equipped to properly maintain. Individuals usually can't offer wild animals the proper diet, exercise, and veterinary care that they need to survive. Wild animals have aggressive instincts that lead to unpredictable and dangerous behavior, and if they are denided proper interactions with members of their own species they may develop severely neurotic behaviors. Additionally, many wild animals carry diseases that are transmittable to man. Please don't try to make a “pet” out of a wild animal! (Thanks to Paula Jewell of the Humane Society, Rosanna Strong, Dave Zimmerman, Maureen Anderson and Rena Schlisky for their input.) Question # 10 will be: Why can't I see the animals? Please send any answers, comments or suggestions to: Ms. Ellen Bradfield, Zoo Atlanta AAZK, 800 Cherokee Ave. S.E., Atlanta, GA 30318. Information Please I am interested in the zoo diets of Debrazza Monkeys ( Cercopithecus neglectus), especially the type of monkey chow fed (i.e., high fiber, etc.) as well as browse offered. Please send diet information to: Kathy Clark c/o Franklin Park Zoo, Pierpont Road, Dorchester, MA 02021. 257 NOTICE TO MEMBERSHIP By-Laws Revision Beginning with the 1987 National Conference in Milwaukee, the AAZK Board of Directors appointed a special committee to annually review the Association's By-laws and recommend any additions, deletions or revisions which became necessary. Following are the revisions which the committee has suggested and which the AAZK Board of Directors endorsed at their mid-year meeting in June. These changes affect membership, chapters, meetings, revenues and refine our focus on the goals and objectives of AAZK. A Statement of Professional Ethics has also been added. Compare these changes with the current By-laws of 1988. Copies of the 1988 By-laws may be obtained from Administrative Offices if you do not have a copy. The following revisions will be voted on by the attending membership at the 1990 National Conference in New Orleans, LA. On behalf of the Association I hereby give notice of these intended changes as specified in our current By-laws in Article IV, Sec. 1c. Anyone wishing to comment on or question any of these changes should direct correspondence to Barbara Manspeaker at Administrative Offices or to any member of the Board of Directors. Legal assessment to insure that these revisions comply with the corporation statutes of the State of Kansas, the site where the Association is incorporated, is required before final ratification is possible. e. Oliver Claffey £/ AAZK President C Editor's note: In the following proposed by-law revisions, the revised portions are underlined and the portions being deleted are in parenthesis. SC) Statement of Purpose This Association is organized not for profit, and is an organization incorporated exclusively for educational, scientific and charitable purposes, and has been duly accorded non-profit status under the laws of the United States of America. The objects and purposes shall be: Statement of Professional Ethics In_a.rd.erjp promote h igh .standard 5Lfl.fg.on duct in our profession, the AAZK h.as.fo.rnmlate.d Ihfi, folio w i n g .basis. p rin q i p] g s. fpr t.bg gu.idanflfl. pf it? member?, As a member of the AAZK, I pledge to: Promote the interest of the American Association of Zoo Keepers. Inc, and to do my full share of the work required of me bv AAZK. Maintain the highest standards of personal. professional and business conduct and behavior. Display the highest integrity, the best judgement or ethics possible and use mv professional skills to the best interest of AAZK. Issue no statement to the media, the public or members which I know to be false. misleading, or prejudicial to the Association. Endeavor at all times to improve AAZK. ?oos. aquariymg and related facilities through publications, cQnseryatlaD_p.r.Qj££t.§.,and any other avenues available to me through the Association, and advance the understanding of all nature to the coTniPunity in which l liv.^ 258 Proposed By-laws Revisions. Continued Article II, Sec. 4 becomes Article Vm, Sec. 1 Sec. 5 becomes, Sec. 4 Sec. 6 becomes Sec 5 Sec. 7 becomes Sec 6 Sec 7a becomes 6a Sec 7b becomes 6b with the following changes: "....Affiliate members shall not be entitled to vote or hold elective office except on a local level, but they may hold appointed national office. Sec 7c becomes 6c Sec 7d becomes 6d Sec 7e becomes 6e Sec 7f becomes Sec 6f with following changes: Contributing: Any (organization or) individual who wishes to contribute the sum of Fifty Dollars ($50.00) or more to the treasury of the Association for any use deemed suitable by the Directors of the Association. This category of membership shall not be entitled to vote or hold elective or appointed office, but is entitled to receive a tax receipt for a charitable donation,. Section ffgig new ■Organizatijans/Instltutions: Anv organization or institution that wishes to contribute the sum_Q_fiEifty__D_on ars ($50.00) or more to the treasury of the Association for any use deemed suitable. by the Directors .otth.e. Association, This member ?biq_cat.ogoiyJ? subject todBoar-d of Directors approval. This category of membership shall not be entitled to vote or hold elective or appointed office, but is entitled to receive a tax receipt for a charitable donation. Section 8 becomes Section 7 with the folowing changes: Ea.ch.-jn embers shall receive two (2) notices prior to the, expiration of their membership. If, at that time terminated." Sec 8a becomes 7a Sec 8b becomes 7b Sec 9 becomes Sec 8 Sec 10 becomes Sec 9 Sec 11 becomes Sec 10 Sec 12 becomes Sec 11 Sec 13 becomes Sec 12 Article III Elections/Appointments Section 2 The President shall appoint a Nominations and Election Committee of at least three professional members. This committee shall.. Board position. Section 4 Anv member eligible to vote in the election of the Board of Directors and adjn-i.s-Q.ut of the country._at.the tirne. Qf.the.., holding .of ■suoh.,.an.£.le.clion may cast. an absentee ballot.. prior to the said, election, by contacting the chairperson of the Nominations and Elections Committee who will then provide the said member with the appropriate form. Section 6a All Project Chairs/Coordinators shall send to the Administrative Offices within Ihixty-iMI days of. their resignation/remoyal notice, all_matfi.rj.als pertinent to the project. 259 Proposed By-laws Revisions. Continued Article IV. Section 2 “The bidding shall take place at an annual conference at least three (3) years prior to...” and Following “All meeting bids require the approval of the Board of Directors.” the following will be added: “Once, aChapter has been awarded a conference bid, it is empowered bv the AAZK Board of Directors to sign whatever contracts are necessary to conduct conference arrangements,” Article V, Section 1 Fifth, to appoint (an) executive committees (and other committees), and to delegate to such committees any of the powers and authority of the Board in the management of the conduct and affairs of the Association, except the power to adopt, amend or repeal by-laws. Any such committee shall be composed of two or more (Directors) Board members. Sixth, to appoint such commitees and chairs/coordinators necesarv to execute the pj.Qie£Ls/ar.Qgram,s. -Qf.lhg.As.sQ.ci ati rw* Sec 13 Fees and Compensation. Directors shall not receive any stated salary for their services as Directors. Nothing chapter. If necessary the travelling expenses for th_e.PEg£.ident shall be paid for by the Association. Registration far the Poard and Executive Staff shall be paid fo bv the host chanter. Travel and accommodations for the mid-year Board meeting shall be paid for by the Association for the President and Vice President. Expenses for other attending Board members shall be paid for as approved by thfi majority of the Board Members. Registration, travel and accommodation expenses for the President, or other designated Board Member, to attend the national American Association of Zoological Parks and Aquariums (AAZPA) conference shall be paid for by the Association. In the event of any discrepency certain circumstances. Sec 14 Add after “May hire a secretary... Association.” (new paragraph) Mav seek legal and/or financial counsel. Article VII, Section 9 Allocation of Funds. Any funds generated by a national conference which remain after costs will be split equally by the host chapter and the National Association. Everything past the above beginning with "Any chapter product... and ending with “...any split of profits." becomes Aritcle VIII, Sec. 7. Article Vm - Chanters Section 1 (from Article II, Sec. 4) Chapters of the Association may be established and must be chartered by the Association in accordance with the procedures in the by-laws as established by the Board of Directors. Section la Newlv formed chanters of the Association are exempt from an initial chartering fee. Section lb The recharter date for all chanters shall hereby be 1 March of each . calendar year. The recharter fee shall be set bv the Board of Directors. 260 Proposed By-laws Revisions. Continued Section 1c Chapters failing to comply with fees and required reports bv their annual recharter date shall be considered in noncompliance and their charter subject to revocation, They will be given a 3Q-day grace period. Section % .All gh apt.erj$,lllgh,glLbfe,_^ubi egt-t9 jh e BY.~la.w5 gf the, parent asgQgiatipn, Chapter? may adopt adendums .to .these byr.laws regarding. chapter elections and day to day business of the chapter Section 3 In order to become a chapter member, an individual must first be a member of the national body, (.refer to Article II. Sec. .4) Section 4 Thg local chapter may elect Executive Officer? to organize and operate the functions of that chapter, and the names of these officers will be reported to Administrative Offices annually at their rechartering date. Section 5 The Treasurer of each local chapter is responsible for providing a yearly accounting of funds, to Administrative .Qfricea.aLthe re.charter.date., A standardised form will be provided for thj,s..purpgaa. Section 5a All chapter monetary transactions shall require the signature of two chapter officers. Section 6 No individual member or chapter officer may enter into any contract utilizing chanter-generated funds or execute any instrument in the name of, or on behalf of the corporation without the prior consent of the Board of Directors of the Association. Similarly, no individual shall have any power or authority to bind the corporation by any contract or engagement, or to pledge its credit or to tender it liable for any purpose in any amount, without the prior consent of the Board of Directors of the Association. Chapters are empowered. tQ..e.nter into contracts for less than Sl.QQQ.QQ without PQQr-acpiQyal.Qf.thfi-E.Qani gf Directors, Section 6a Chanters mav not hold permanent title to real estate or vehicles of any kind. Section 7 Anv chapter nroduct/proiect which uses the AAZK logo and/or is marketed nationally must receive prior approval from the Board of Directors. Anv chapter product/project which-.is. identified with the National Ajssogi.at.ion. by name or logo and is marketed on a national basis must receive prior , approval from the Board of Directors, All profits made on such products/proiects previously approved bv the Board of Directors must be split equally between the chapter _ and, the— National . Association. Chapter products/proiects not using the National AAZK Rhino Logo mav be marketed at national anim.al.i;.g.nferenees..with.o.u.t-any-Split of profits. Section 8 In the event of the dissolution of a chapter, all funds remaining in the chapter trjeasmy-jyill.be forwarded-to. the National Association for di.str.ib.u.ti.Qn-th.r.ough the Conservation. Preservation and Restoration Committee to projects s.ancti.onedJ?y. AAZ.K, Article Vm Amendments now becomes Article IV Amendments 261 MEMO: TO: All AAZK Members FROM: Mark de Denus, Coordinator AAZK Chapter Network System RE: Membership Services Dear Fellow Members: During the month of June, the AAZK Board of Directors met in Topeka, Kansas for their mid-year meeting. At this time, I was approached to consider accepting the position of Coordinator of the Chapter Network System. After some deliberation, I have accepted and have, to date, been reviewing the current system. Recommendations and modifications are currently before the Board for their consideration and approval. I’d like to take this opportunity to let you know who I am by giving you a bit of my background. I was bom in Washington, DC in 1950, but have lived in Canada for the past 39 years. I have been a zoo keeper at the Assiniboine Park Zoo in Winnipeg, Manitoba since 1976. Currently a keeper in the Zoo's Tropical House, my field of interest is primates and keeper education. A special interest for me is the status and management of the Lion-tailed Macaque of Southern India. In the past I have served on various committees and boards. I was a Board member of the Zoological Society of Manitoba for seven years, and served as contributing Editor of their publication, ZOOLOG. I established and edited a zoo newsletter for three years as well as established our AAZK Chapter, the Assiniboine Park Zoo Keepers Association. In 1986 I co-chaired the National AAZK Conference in Winnipeg with Tim Kelly and Bob Debets. I am currently Chapter President, Chairman of the Training and Orientation Team at our zoo, AAZK Exhibit Design Form Chairperson and Coordinator for the AAZK Chapter Network System. I believe that the American Association of Zoo Keepers is a fundamental requirement for those individuals in the animal care profession who want to learn and to participate on a personal level. Personal and professional growth - one by one or chapter by chapter or institution by institution - that, to me, is what AAZK has and will continue to accomplish and support. It is through the membership's ideas, opinions, directions, feedback and contributions that the organization itself flourishes and survives. I look forward to serving the membership of the AAZK through this position as Coordinator and hope to provide a system and a service that will continue to enhance our growth as individuals and as a great organization. I would like to thank those professional individuals who have worked hard over the past number of years to put the fundamentals of a membership system together. I do not know all the names but Debbera Stecher, Diane Krug, Chris Garland and Bill Whittaker should be acknowledged. I would also like to thank the Board for their confidence. Sincerely, Mark de Denus 262 SPECTRUM Quality exotic animal diets Nutritionally balanced Fixed formulation • Economical When you need a complete line of high-quality dry and frozen animal diets for your feeding program, call Animal Spectrum. h 1 SPECTRUM BROOD-RITE HEATERS Frozen feline diets Frozen bird of prey diets Frozen canine diet Chunk and chopped horsemeat, hearts, livers, rib, shank, knuckle bones, and tailbones Banana flavored primate, 15% protein dry Banana flavored primate, Pro-Plus 25% protein dry Leaf Eater primate dry Omnivore dry Llama Vitamins & Minerals dry Polar Bear dry Marmoset/Tamarin dry Ratite dry Hoofstock supplement, with Selenium dry Bulbless heaters— nothing to break Safe around all animals and bedding material. Even heat distribution in 240, 500, or 750 wattages. GENTLE TOUCH™ bedding One call does it all FREE 1-800-228-4005 FAX 308-534-7015 Animal Spectrum, Inc. P.O. Box 721 North Platte, NE 69103-0721 San Diego Holds Non-Domestic Neonatal Symposium (Editor's note: The San Diego Zoo and San Diego Wild Animal Park combined for the Zoological Society of San Diego Non-Domestic Neonatal Symposium held 2 February 1990. Following are Titles and Abstracts from the Symposium. Further information or copies of the papers are available for those titles marked with ** You may contact Karla Michelson, Lead Keeper, Veterinary Services Dept., San Diego Wild Animal Park, 15500 San Pasqual Valley Road, Escondido, CA 92027-9614.) Psy^lQBarent Qf the Pre-Ruminant Stomach; A Kespert.PerspectiYe Kelly D. Bender, Senior Keeper and Shannon L. Beeler, Keeper - Animal Care Center, San Diego Wild Animal Park. ABSTRACT: In order to provide the best possible care when hand-rearing neonatal ruminants, it is important to have an understanding of the basic anatomy and development of the animal's stomach during the pre-ruminant stage. Since the rumen is not designed to digest milk, it is necessary that the milk be diverted to the abdomen where it can be effectively digested. This is accomplished by the properly functioning esophageal groove and by using the correct feeding techniques. When determining diet increases or weaning schedules, it is important to understand the comparative changes in size and function of the chambers as the pre-ruminant stomach develops into a fully functioning ruminant stomach. **DeveIopment and Diseases of the Pre-Ruminant Stomach Jack L. Allen, D.V.M., Associate Veterinarian, San Diego Wild Animal Park. ABSTRACT: This paper is concerned with a review of the anatomy, development and diseases of the pre-ruminant stomach. Commonly recognized stomach dysfunctions include but are not limited to the following: 1. abomasal reflux 2. incomplete closure of the esophageal groove 3. sudden abomasal dilation with loss of motility 4. trichobezoar in the rumen 5. bloat 6. complications from oral antibiotics 7. impaired microbial colonization of the forestomach 8. inability or failure to eructate ■**Pim* 4°Ba S§§§ Conference *90 Tentative Schedule Sunday. 4 November - Open Board Meeting - Registration - Ice Breaker Monday, 5 Ngyemfre*: - Paper Sessions - Workshops Tuesday. 6 November - Tour Aquarium of the Americas - Lunch on Riverboat - Workshops - Silent Auction Wednesday. 7 November - Tour of Zoo - Awards - ZOOlympics Thursday, g November - Paper Sessions - Banquet/Live Auction The daily fees for the Conference, excluding the banquet, are $20.00 per day. A Reminder: Don't forget to inform us if you would like to hold a workshop. Spaces are limited. Also, we need to know if your Chapter needs exhibitor space for selling stuff (you know, belt buckles, decals, mugs or whatever). And if you were wondering about the kinds of papers you might expect to hear, here are some examples: - Management and Breeding of Puerto Rican Crested Toad - Conservation of the Cuban Hutia - Hand Raising Pinnipeds - Analysis of the Captive Population of Colobus - Racetrack Trash Becomes Rainforest Bash - Bats: rehabilitation for release - Cheetah Breeding - Hand-rearing of Humboldt Penguins ...and much, much more! 1990 NATIONAL AAZK CONFERENCE NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA NOVEMBER 4 -8, 1990 CONFERENCE REGISTRATION FORM PLEASE TYPE OR PRINT (one name only per form) RETURN THIS FORM AND FEE TO: 1990 NATIONAL AAZK CONFERENCE AUDUBON ZOO P.O.BOX 4327 NEW ORLEANS, LA 70178 ADDRESS CITY ZIP CODE ZOO AFFILIATION AAZK COMMITTEE MEMBER: YES NO WILL BE SUBMITTING A PAPER: YES NO ($25.00 will be refunded from registration fee on acceptance of paper) HOW MANY NATIONAL AAZK CONFERENCES HAVE YOU ATTENDED? PARTICIPATING IN ZOOLYMPICS: YES NO BRINGING AN AUCTION ITEM: YES NO VEGETARIAN: YES NO (Specify Type) INTERESTED IN A CONFERENCE T-SHIRT? YES NO (S M L XL) ARRIVAL DATE AND TIME: AAZK MEMBERSHIP STATUS AND FEES: Member or Spouse $75.00* Non-Member $90.00 Late Fee $10.00 (After 1 October 1990) TOTAL $ * Conference Proceedings costs are included in registration fee. Daily Rates for individual events are available. Contact TERRY CARR for details at (504) 861-2537. STATE/PROVINCE TELEPHONE ( ) PLEASE MAKE PAYMENTS TO: "Audubon Zoo AAZK Chapter'' HOTEL RESERVATION REQUEST 1990 National AAZK Conference November 4-8, 1990 New Orleans, Louisiana Clarion Hotel New Orleans NAME ADDRESS CITY STATE/PROVINCE _____ ZIP CODE _______ TELEPHONE # ( ) ARRIVAL DATE CHECK-OUT DATE ROOM GUARANTEED BY: - Mastercard Visa American Express CREDIT CARD# EXPIRATION DATE OR - — — CHECK. (Make check payable to CLARION HOTEL NEW ORLEANS). First night's deposit or credit card guarantee required. Resermtiflos MUST be received Conference in order to receive Conference-Rate- a 72-hour cancellation is required for a deposit refund. ACCOMMODATIONS: SINGLE $68.00 — DOUBLE $68.00 TRIPLE $78.00 QUAD $88.00 I WILL BE SHARING A ROOM WITH: Rates quoted are subject to local taxes, currently 11%, plus a New Orleans convention center tax of $L00 per occupied room, per night. Check-in time is after 3 P.M. and check-out time is Noon. Telephone number for the CLARION HOTEL is (504) 522-4500 or outside Louisiana Toll-free 800-824-3359. RETURN THIS FORM TO: CLARION HOTEL Reservations American Association of Zoo Keepers 1500 Canal Street New Orleans, LA 70112 Guidelines for Typing Papers for AAZK Conference Proceedings 1. Manuscripts intended for publication should be submitted on one side of 8 1/2" x 11" paper. Pages should be neatly typewritten using a 70-space line. You will have narrow margins on Pica type and wider on Elite. This format makes it more consistant for the staff to figure number of characters per line/lines per page. 2. Papers must be double-spaced. This will also make it easier for you to read when you present it. 3. Titles should be brief and descriptive. Put the title of the paper on the first sheet as well as your name, title or classification, zoo identification, city and state. Number pages consecutively in the upper right-hand comer. 4. All graphs, charts and illustrations must fit within a 6" by 10" border. These must be in black and white only (no faded gray xerox copies, please) and should each be submitted on a separate sheet of paper and not run within the text. 5. Presenters are encouraged to submit photographs to accompany their text in the published proceedings. Photos must be black and white and should be clean, of good contrast and preferably on glossy stock. 5" x 7" works best for our purposes, but other sizes are acceptable. Be sure and give photographer's name if other than your own. 6. Please use the metric system for weights and measures (standard equivalents may be noted in parenthesis). Use the continental dating system (day-month-year). Times should be listed as per the 24-hour clock (0800, 1630 hrs., etc.). 7. Use both scientific and common name the first time a species is mentioned in the text. Thereafter the common name may be used. 8. Avoid footnotes. Identify Registered or Trademark products by ® or ™ respectively. 9. References should be listed alphabetically at the end of the paper - author's surname first (Ricter, J.W., , 1984, How To Be A Good Keeper. AKF. Vol. 11, No. 6: 12-22) Within the text, references should be cited as Ricter (1984). 10. Manuscripts must be submitted before presentation. (Editor’s note: For further information on how to prepare and submit a paper for either a National Conference or for submitting for publication in Animal Keepers' Forum, please see "How To Write It Right!", January 1986 AKF, pages 23-26. Reprints of this article are available by writing the editor and encloising a self-addressed, legal-sized stamped envelope.) Keepers Alert We have a pair of unrelated Red Fox born Spring 1990 which are unreleasable. We are seeking a good home for them. Interested zoos shoudl contact wildlife rehabilitator Fran Essex at 11101 S. 98th, Lincoln , NE 68526 or call (402) 423-8122. If no answer, please leave message on the machine. 303 Legislative Outlook By John Stoddard AAZK Legislative Advisor Brookfield, IL Chimpanzees reclassified as endangered On 12 March the Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) increased protection of chimpanzees under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) by upgrading their status from Threatened to Endangered. This ruling applies to wild populations of the chimpanzee ( Pan troglodytes) and to wild and captive populations of the pygmy chimpanzee ( Pan paniscus). P. troglodytes historically ranged over much of equatorial Africa, from Senegal in the west to Tanzania in the east. The much rarer P. paniscus is found only in part of southern Zaire. In 1976, both species were listed by the FWS as Threatened. Since that time, however, their status has continued to decline due to massive habitat destruction, commercial exploitation, and excessive hunting for food. The reclassification is intended to more accurately reflect the current biological status of both species. In the case of P. troglodytes, captive populations will remain classified as Threatened, and individuals of that species held legally in the United States will continue to be covered by a special regulation that allows their use for certain activities (such as medical research) that are otherwise prohibited. > From U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Technical Bulletin (April, 1990) Emergency protection listings Effective 5 April, the Steller (northern) sea lion ( Eumetopias jubata) was listed as a threatened species under an emergency rule which expires 31 December 1990. The number of Steller sea lions observed in certain Alaskan rookeries has declined by 63% since 1985 and by 82% since 1960. The declines are accelerating and are spreading to previously stable areas. The National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) will study whether the species should be listed as threatened or endangered, possible causes for the decline, and measures to prevent further declines. Effective 4 May, the golden-cheeked warbler ( Dendroica chrysoparia ) was listed as an endangered species under an emergency rule which expires on 2 January 1991. The FWS based the emergency listing on habitat destruction due to land clearing, both legal and illegal, in Texas. > From AAZPA Communique (June 1990) MMPA state veto amendment defeated On 23 May, the House Merchant Marine and Fisheries Committee debated an amendment that would give individual states the right to veto Federal permits issued under the Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA). The amendment, known as the Goss Amendment, was 304 Legislative Outlook. Continued added to the Tuna Labeling Act in the Fisheries, Wildlife Conservation, and the Environment Subcommittee. An alternative amendment, the Manton-Bateman Amendment, was offered in the Committee to strike the Goss Amendment on the grounds that it resulted in a major policy change to the MMPA but was added in Subcommittee without benefit of hearings. A lengthy debate ensued on the subject of public display permits under the MMPA, and the Manton-Bateman amendment was adopted by voice vote. > From AAZPA Communique (July 1990) Biodiversity bill passes House Science Committee The National Biological Diversity Conservation & Research Act (H.R. 1268) was approved by the Science Committee in the House of Representatives on 12 June. The bill now moves to the Merchant Marine and Fisheries Committee for consideration before it can be brought to the House floor for a final vote. The bill would establish the National Center for Biological Diversity & Conservation within the Smithsonian Institution. The Center would focus on five areas, as mandated by H.R. 1268: (1) development of a federal strategy for preserving biological diversity; (2) review of this key principle in preparing environmental impact statements; (3) coordination of federal, state, and private efforts; (4) research and education; and (5) data management and dissemination. > From Sierra Club National News on EcoNet computer network. _ Update on African Elephant Conservation Fund Compiled and edited by Susan D. Chan Editor, Animal Keepers' Forum Almost $700,000 is available this year in aid for the African elephant through the first seven projects approved by the USDI 's Fish and Wildlife Service under the authority of the Afri- can Elephant Conservation Act passed in 1988. “This money represents $350,000 from the African Elephant Conservation Fund, and gen- erous matching grants received from the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), the European Eco- nomic Community, the the local governments of Gabon, Tanzania, Burkina Faso, Zambia and the Central African Republic,” said Constance Harriman, USDI Assistant Secretary for Fish and Wildlife and Parks. The approved projects were selected from 25 submitted to the USFWS for consideration. Five will directly involve anti-poaching efforts. The remaining projects involve develop- ment of elephant conservation plans for African countries, and the establishment of a TRAFFIC office, a WWF program, in Tanzania to monitor and report on commerce in ivory and other wildlife products in eastern and southern Africa. As part of a related activity, Harriman and several wildlife experts from the USFWS trav- eled to Zimbabwe and Botswana last month for a first hand look at how these countries have enhanced their elephant populations through management techniques and conservation 305 Elephant Conservation Fund IJedate. j Continued measures. While there the team observed anti-poaching measures, and elephant marking and tracking activities used to monitor the overall elephant population. The African Elephant Conservation Fund was established in 1988 under the African Ele- phant Conservation Act. The Act authorizes appropriations of up to $5 million per year through 1992 for a grant program to provide financial assistance to support African ele- phant research, conservation, management, and protection programs. Congress appropri- ated $500,000 in fiscal year 1990, and the administration has requested $1 million for fiscal year 1991. Of the $500,000 appropriated in fiscal 1990, the congress specified that $150,000 be directed to law enforcement efforts. This money will fund a law enforcement seminar to be held in Tanzania which will bring together for the first time high level wildlife and customs offi- cials from all African nations with elephant populations to discuss anti-poaching efforts and other topics concerning the illegal commercialization of wildlife. Here's what the seven approved projects look like: 1. Southern Africa: Anti-poaching assistance to Zambia: AMOUNT MATCH TOTAL $75,000 $75,000 $150,000 Approximately one-third (204,000) of the current continental elephant population is found in Southern Africa and concentrated in three of the eight Southern African countries of Botswana (68,000), Zimbabwe (52,000) and Zambia (32,000). Of these three, the Zambian populations have experienced significant declines due to poaching. The WWF has pledged to provide matching funds to be used for anti-poaching activities. Zambia still has substantial habitat with low human populations and little conflict with domestic livestock, which will allow for long-term conservation of the elephant if poaching can be brought under control. 2. East Africa: Anti-poaching assistance to Tanzania: AMOUNT MATCH TOTAL $75,000 $40,000 $115,000 Approximately 20 percent (110,000) of the current continental elephant population is found in East Africa with three countries still having significant populations: Tanzania (61,000), Sudan (22,000) and Kenya (16,000). All have experienced significant declines due to poaching and loss of habitat. Funds will be provided to Tanzania to assist in equipping the government's special anti-poaching operation, a joint venture between the military, the police, and the anti-poaching unit. If poaching can be controlled, the southern habitat of Tanzania provides the best hope in East Africa for the long-term preservation of substantial elephant populations. 3. Central Africa: Anti-poaching to Gabon: AMOUNT MATCH TOTAL $30,000 $15,455 $45,455 Approximately 45 percent (277,000) of the current continental elephant population is found in Central Africa. Of these, over 30 percent of the population is found in two countries, Zaire (112,000) and Gabon (74,000). Only Gabon appears to have a stable population; all others have experienced significant declines, again almost entirely due to poaching. Funds will be provided to Gabon in cooperation with the WWF to fund and equip an anti- -poaching effort, in the game reserve of Petit Loango. Positive anti-poaching efforts now are critical to protect one of the few remaining substantial, relatively unpoached elephant populations. 306 Elephant Conservation Fund Update. Continued 4. An.ti:agag.hiii^a^i^ajQ££jQJhe Central African-BfimabliiLlGABl: AMOUNT MATCH TOTAL $40, 000 Matching and Total to be determined The elephant population in CAE is estimated to be approximately 23,000. Recent data indi- cate that significant declines due to poaching have occurred. Efforts are underway to estab- lish preserves in the Dsanga-Sanga forest complex in the tri-country area of CAE, Congo, and Cameroon through the WWF, the European Economic Community, and U.S. AID. Anti-poaching actions are critical to protect elephant populations until these reserves can be established. 5. West -Africa: JEtephant conseryatioiLaasifitaiisfi to Prukm.^.Ea£Qu AMOUNT MATCH TOTAL $75,000 $16,600 $91,600 While only 3 percent (19,000) of the current continental elephant population is found in West Africa, this area is important to maintain the genetic viability of elephant populations, particularly for forest elephants. Of the six countries with significant populations, Burkina Faso has the highest concentration with approximately 4,500. That country has developed a detailed conservation program, that if implemented, can provide for sustainable resource conservation using the elephant as a model. Funds will be provided to assist in elephant population inventories and provide field equipment for anti -poaching efforts. The success of the Burkina Faso project may well influence the ultimate survival of the African elephant in West Africa. 6. Establishment of a TRAFFIC office for East/Southern Africa: amount match total $20,000 $130,000 $150,000 The international TRAFFIC network exists to monitor wildlife trade and utilization, and to provide assistance to government agencies in implementing wildlife trade controls. While the transfer of the African elephant to Appendix I has significantly diminished legal trade in ivory, there is a critical need for additional monitoring efforts. As a number of countries have taken reservations against the Appendix I listing, and as large ivory stockpiles remain worldwide, some trade continues. This is a joint project with WWF-US and International. 7. Support for the African Elephant Conservation Coordinating Group (AECCG); AMOUNT MATCH TOTAL $35,000 $68,000 $103,000 The AECCG was convened in July 1988 to prepare the African Elephant Action Plan, which establishes the basic principles and priorities required to conserve the African elephant. To support the overall Action Plan, this group is coordinating the development of country plans which step the Action Plan down to country priorities and is assisting in the develop- ment of specific project proposals for funding. An additional role of the group is the coordi- nation of priority projects for funding with potential governmental and nongovernmental donors. The United States became an active member of the group in 1989. > Material Excerpted in part from Department of the Interior News Releases August 1990 307 Behavioural Pattern in the Indian Wild Dog in Captivity (with special reference to mating) By N. Sanjeev Kumar*, V. Chandrasekar* and Dr. M. Chandrasekaran, M.A., M.V. Sc. *Students of Veterinary Medicine Mmductioa The wild dog belongs to the genus Cuon and the species alpinus. 'Unlike its domestic counterpart, it is shorter in height and more lengthy. The head and the body appears similar to that of a domestic dog that has run wild by coloration. Usually the whole body is rusty red, except for the tail. The tail resembles that of a jackal. It is long and covered with black bushy hair except at the base where it has a rich rusty hair. The newborn are deep dusky in color. Wild animals in general show a characteristic variation in their mating behaviour under conditions of captivity. Our interest was to study the behavioural pattern of this species in captivity with special reference to mating. .Qb.ggryation_&_Bj,S£\i§si,C)p The present study was made in the Aringar Anna Zoological Park during the month of October 1989 between 0900 and 1600 hours 1ST under conditions of captivity. Head: The ears are short and rounded with whitish hair on the inner surface. It lacks the lower molar so that there are only six cheek teeth in the lower jaw. Body: The legs are shorter and have somewhat elongated feet with copious hair growing between the pads. The thorax is protruded outwards while the abdomen is distended. There are six to ten pairs of mammae from sternum to abdomen. The adults have a strong foxy smell. Measurements: Length: 60-80cm from the tip of the muzzle to the origin of the tail - 30-50 cm. Height: 50 cm at the shoulders Weight: 14-21 kg (average is 16 kg). Lifespan in Cantivitv: In the Aringar Anna Zoological Park (AAZP) the animal has been living for the past 5 years and three months. Housing: The animal needs a comparatively large cage because it needs exercising ground as the animals in the wild are extremely athletic. The dimensions of the main cage at AAZP are: 308 Behavioural Pattern of Indian Wild Dogs iiiLCmriMtv. Continued Length: 8 meters Width: 5.45 meters Height: 5.5 meters Dimensions of the internal Length: 2 meters Width: 2 meters Height: 2 meters CA&E The floor of the main cage was made of sand and the cage was exposed outside by welded wire mesh. The roof was made of branches and twigs. The internal cage was made of concrete walls plastered with mud. Feed: The animal in captivity must be provided with the same type of food which it takes in the wild. The feed requirement of a 16 kg (36 lb.) animal in captivity per day is: 72. Og protein, 3.6g fat, 114.0g of carbohydrate, 720-900 calories of energy, 0.3 to 0.5g of calcium, 0.2g of phosphorus, l.Og of sodium chloride and 2800 IU of vitamins. From the data (given in Tables I, II, III & IV) it was found that 700 grams of beef, 250ml milk and 100 grams of liver can achieve the energy requirements. But there is a slight deficiency of carbohydrate when individual constituents contributing energy is considered. But this reduction is necessary because the animal is not as active as in the wild. Characteristics & Habits (in the wild): The wild dog is gregarious and (exclusively) carnivorous. They usually hunt in pairs, attacking prey of any size such as wild sheep, pig, antelope and deer. Since they are not quarrelsome they attack and share food in groups. Characteristics & Habits (in captivity): The animals show a high degree of alertness. They have a large flight and social distance. They are excited even by small sounds. The animals when afraid show a characteristic move. They stand on their hind legs and keep their front legs on the wall of the cage and take the head backwards. The wild dogs usually like to be in burrows made by them in the sand flooring of their cage rather than the animal house. They show a particular likeness towards water (especially at higher temperature of day). They dip in water every twenty minutes (at the temperature of between 36° C to 38° C). The animal keeps watch by walking to and fro only on the sunlite side of the enclosure even though sounds may come from the other side, it appears the dogs feel danger only comes from the sunlite side. Reproduction and behaviour The gestation period of the animal is 60-70 days. The animal comes into heat earlier in captivity (in the months of Sept-Oct.) in the AAZP while in the wild heat occurs during October-N ovember. Detection of heat in wild dogs: 1 . Prelordosis - the tail shoots up to a vertical position and slightly inclined to a side (left or right). 309 Behavioural Pattern of Indian Wild Dogs m Captivity* Continued 2. The female dog turns its head to bite its tail so hard even causing injury. 3. If the female gets into heat, the male detects it and starts urinating and defecating in the same place as the female. 4. The female urinates in a characteristic way carrying its body upright on the front legs. 5. The male and female call each other by a chattering yap. 6. Lordosis is exhibited. Mating behaviour in captivity in AAZP: The mating behaviour was observed for eighteen times and a sequence of proceedings was observed: Step 1: the female makes the characteristic chattering call. It stands on the front legs upside down and urinates. The tail of the female shoots up. Step 2: the male smells and licks the female's urine. It then smells the female's genitals. When the male smells the urine it does it in a characteristic way by lifting one of its front legs. Step 3: the male then dips into water in the tub and approaches the female. Step 4: the female again urinates in the same characteristic way and also defecates in the same place. Now the penis of the male protrudes and it is in a state of arousal and its tail is up. Step 5: Coitus - the female first exhibits lordosis than stands in such a way that the distance between the fore and hind legs (on the ground) is less than normal. The tail of the female is up and the vulva exposed for mating. The male stands on the hind legs with the fore legs on the back of the female and coitus occurs. This continued for three minutes. Step 6: Tie or locking - after the mating is over the male and female were standing with their tails upright but the bodies were in the tail to tail position. This continues for three minutes. When undisturbed they sit down in face to face position. After the third minute of tie only the glans penis remains unreleased. The male usually tries to get out of the tie by pulling out but thereafter the female licks the penis and at times does this till the tie is over. When the animals are disturbed during the tie they stand in tail to tail position and pull in opposite directions. But the male, due to its power, pulls the female to its side. It is only during this process that the deposition of sperm takes place. During the tie position the prostrate of the male is being squeezed and during each squeezing the semen is being deposited in the female genital tract. Step 7: the tie continues for five minutes. Even after the tie is over, a portion of the penis is out of the prepuce for another five minutes. Reproductive sequence (when male gets arousability first): Step 1: the male does the chattering yap and it urinates for the female to smell it. Step 2: the female smells male's urine and licks it and also urinates in its characteristic way in the same place as the male. Step 3: the female dips into water. Step 4: the male smells and licks the urine of the female and then dips into water after the female has come out of the water tub. Then it carries the female's hind part by keeping its head in between the two hind legs of the female in the inguinal region* 310 Behavioural Pattern of Indian Wild Dogs in Captivity, Continued Example Diagram Representing Mating ^ The place where female urinated. \|^ Die place where male urinated (when it is aroused) '4$^ The area of female defecation Area of mounting S& Area of tie Area of urination of male if it doesn't like mating (away from female) Important Observations l) Proceedings of Mating Duration Mounting 3 minutes Tie 5 minutes 2) When the male is not aroused or dislikes mating it urinates in some other place rather than the same place where female urinated. 3) The defecation by female may or may not occur prior to mating but urination is an essential sequence. 4) During mating the animals are not affected by disturbances of any type, like threatening or shouting. But during tie, even minute disturbances have a profound effect on the animals’ behaviour. 5) It has been observed that any other animal watching a sexual intercourse becomes aroused. 311 Table I Constituents of Food (in 100 grams) Behavioural Pattern of Indian Wild Dogs in Captivity. Continued 0 .9 w s 1 >> ■S 1 o 3 .9 r— i iH Tf 3 {? 5 w cn 6 f -B © ^ © OB P3 Q e? « s 5 • CM S 3 d eo 8 if N m as §3 § I W c a S O .s^a .9 a 2 ^ 11 gfc 2 «4H 6 « s 05 Q CO 3 « s' CO © •a 1 M 0) 1 ■a O & & a w pS H 312 ’Applied Nutrition" by Rajalakshmi Ttohaviom-al Pattern of Tndian Wild Dogs in CapJaadfaZ. Continued 313 BehaviowaLPattem of Indian Wild Dogs in Captivity. Continued 73 B 1 1 w u a HH fl HH > 5S *5 T3 0 H 5 O -2 d 0) d CO § o & U § H c® o •c o 73 Q & I >> ■§ 1 o CO X ^o I— 1 t> X tO to CO CO © © yj? Tj? © to © © © tH tH © © 3 $ S a ° CO Is §8 o i—^ S3 © to [ to •fH 6 20.16 CO fH tH 9.75 [82.87 6.66 [56.61 36.57 X © s 314 Brackets represent the energy in calories Table IV Minerals and Vitamins Given in Food for Each Animal Behavioural Pattern of Tndi^ra Wild in CaniMfe* Continued, b£ to a a T3 0 O fa o fee o § I> w « c» .S *3 * 2 p gq p g s -scse fee § tH .a Vi > 3 <£§ & & ft 315 Not Available P o a $ w z a o Cn^-. O W M c a m 0) TJ V c c m o u U) 4J c u o a) -h •n 4-i O rC >4 > 341 LINK System Overview. Continued, DEFINITIONS AND JOB DESCRIPTIONS Definition: Liaison and Information Network for Keepers (LINK) Link is the major system of CQTTimynication and coordination between AAZK members, Administrative Offices and the Board of Directors. It has one coordinator and two assistant coordinators. Its major function is to oversee, monitor and facilitate AAZK chapters in respect to function and conformity to national by-laws and constitution; to provide information to and from chapters, associate institutions and individual members to the appropriate levels of the AAZK organization and to coordinate general communication for the AAZK. QUALIFICATIONS FOR POSITIONS IN THE LINK SYSTEM Candidates for the positions of regional coordinator, chapter or institutional liaison should possess the following qualities: a) must be a current member of the AAZK; b) possess a firm commitment to the zookeeping/animal care profession evidenced by years of service, contribution, recommendation of colleagues, etc.; c) initiative and perseverance; d) good communication skills; e) be able to meet the needs of the position as required by the Association; f) familiar with the goals and by-laws of the AAZK. Definition: LINK Coordinator A position appointed by the AAZK Board of Directors. The LINK Coordinator will oversee and monitor the membership services system which assists chapters and members of AAZK. This position will provide and coordinate a main communication link between the AAZK Board, A.O., Chapters, individual members and any institutional associations. Job Description: LINK Coordinator 1 . will oversee the network of membership that encompasses AAZK; 2. will monitor the needs of membership and provision of information and resources, through the existing Regional Coordinator system, and assist where applicable or warranted; 3. will monitor and provide direction and guidance to chapters to ensure consistency and compliance with the by-laws and constitution of AAZK. This will be done, primarily, through the R.C. system by provision of guidelines for chapter formation and charter, chapter function and financial responsibilities, provision of resources to enable chapters avenues of fundraising, etc.; 342 LINK System Overview. Continued 4. will serve as the major communication link between AAZK chapters, Administrative Offices and the Board of Directors in regard to the financial responsibilities and requirements for chapters; 5. will monitor the R.C. system to ensure its consistent, efficient and useful function as the local communication network for membership; 6. will correspond directly with R.C.'s and Chapter Liaisons on a regular basis; 7. will recommend for appointment qualifying candidates for R.C. positions and submit names for Board approval; 8. will review the LINK system on a regular basis for evaluation and modification and will solicit input from the membership; 9. will report directly to the AAZK Board of Directors on a semi-annual basis by the submission of a written report. This will be required at the mid-year and annual Board meetings. Definition: LINK Assistant Coordinator (AC) An appointed position of the LINK System approved by the AAZK Board of Directors. There are two positions - east and west. Each position is directly responsible to the LINK Coordinator. The AC oversees the general function and activities of the Regional Coordinators in their area and assists where necessary. An AC must be a member of the AAZK. Job Description: LINK Assistant Coordinator (AC) 1. will assist the Coordinator in overseeing the network of AAZK membership; 2. will monitor the needs of membership by working directly with RC's and provide information and resources; 3. will assist RC’s with their support roles of the chapter formation and function process; 4. will monitor the RC systems in their area to ensure effective function and active operation; 5. will correspond directly with RC's and Chapter Liaisons on a regular basis; 6. will recommend candidates for RC positions to the LINK Coordinator by submitting a written report on the candidate stating background and any qualifications or reference material; 7. will report directly to the LINK Coordinator on a semi-annual basis by the submission of a written report. It will be required one month before the mid-year and annual meetings. The report will consist of an overview of chapter, institutional and member activities as they relate to the AAZK organization. 343 LINK System Overview, Continued Definition: Regional Coordinator (RC) An active member of the AAZK who is responsible for networking a particular region of North America. Their prime responsibility is to provide communication and resources to the AAZK membership in the immediate area and encourage active involvement in chapters and in programs and projects. Recruitment of new members and institutional liaison is also encouraged. An RC is an appointed position approved by the AAZK Board of Directors. Job Description: 1. serve as communications link between all members, chapters and animal care facilities in the region; 2. encourage the establishment of an AAZK institutional liaison at animal care facilities in your region that do not have a local chapter; 3. an RC may advise or assist, if required, in chapter liaison selection. The choice of a Chapter Liaison should be made at the local level using the reasonable discretion of the institution's members. The selection of Chapter Liaison is by local appointment or election; 4. be available to provide membership information for individuals and chapters within the region; 5. will provide his or her name, zoo and home phone numbers if appropriate for AKF publication and update as necessary; 6. will be required to send semi-annual report forms to chapters and collect these completed forms by March and July of each year. 7. contact chapters and respond to any questions, concerns, or requests from chapters or individuals; 8. use the information given in Chapter reports to assist in making semi-annual reports to the Assistant Coordinators of LINK. These reports will be due by mid- March and mid- July of each year; 9. training and assistance for chapter/institutional liaisons; 10. all RC's are encouraged to establish a regional liaison council and/or give AAZK chapter workshops in their region to provide information, communication, training and support to liaisons, officers, and all other interested members; 11. contact other animal care institutions, in particular, universities, veterinary clinics and nature centers and provide information about the AAZK; 12. encourage and coordinate regional activities, both professional (i.e., workshops, conferences, etc.) and recreational (i.e., zoofaris to regional facilities, parks, spelunking, white water rafting, sky-diving, etc.). 344 LINK System Overview. Continued Definition: Chapter/Jnstitutional Liaison An active member of the AAZK who is the main communication link between a local AAZK Chanter (or an associate institution) and the LINK system. The Cl/IL's prime responsibilities are to report and provide information from the AAZK organization to the local membership (projects, programs, National committees, etc.) through the assistance of RC'snd report by written submission on a semi- annual basis to the LINK system regarding chapter and membership status, function and participation. jQfrBgiggriptiQn; 1. will act as an AAZK representative to an associated institution and its employees; 2. will encourage membership in the AAZK by promoting it as a professional support organization; 3. initiate, where possible or appropriate, the formation of a chapter under the RC's guidance; 4. communicate chapter or member concerns to the RC or LINK Coordinator for advisement on action; §. submit a semi-annual report of chapter activities to the RC. The report would be due for completion by 15 February and 15 June of each year; 6. submit directly to AO. a written report on the financial state of their chapter on a yearly basis. This would be done by the submission of a 'Net Worth Statement' for the chapter. It would be sent directly to AO. by Feb. 15, of each year; 7. submit appropriate copies of chapter or institutional publications, handouts, etc., to the RC that may be of resource value to the AAZK membership; 8. sit on a Regional Liaison Council, if the region has one. The issue of Regional Liaison Committees should also be addressed. I recommended the following: - the name be changed to Regional Uaison. CouPClI - the description would be as follows: The Council would consist of a Chapter Liaison or an Institutional Liaison from interested animal care facilities in a region. It will be established and chaired by the Regional Coordinator in that region. Establishment of such a council is entirely discretionary and should be formed only as local needs warrant. In regions that have more than one RC, the LINK coordinator will recommend appointment of the chairperson, based on local recommendations. The Council will act as a support group for the region, encouraging inter-chapter communications, activities (local and regional fund-raising), support and guidance. The council can provide a forum for discussion and resolution of local chapter or member problems, and develop regional projects that would draw upon larger resources and strengthen regional bonds. The RC Chairperson is responsible for informing the Assistant LINK Coordinator of all activities of the Regional Liaison Council by submitting the minutes of such meetings. The RC Chairperson is required to obtain Board approval through the LINK system for any projects or initiatives of the Council as is required by AAZK By-laws and Constitution. 345 Windhoek/Etosha Pans/Waterburg/Koakoveld Skeleton Coast/Swakopmund/Johannesburg Departure New York , February 19, 1991 for 19 days of Excitement i| 1 day spent on a private guest farm, most excellent area for birding 4 days in the Etosha Pans Area salt pan - an enormous shallow depression over 100 km across with numerous perennial springs around its edges. Here large concentrations of game and birdlife will whet your appetite. 3 days camping in the Damaraland area, looking for the desert elephant, black rhino and viewing rock paintings, large specimen of the well known ancient plant - Welwitschia Mirabillis. 4 days on the Skeleton Coast, wind swept sand dunes, open gravel plains and treacherous coastline. A region of rare beauty, with canyons, sand-dunes and small groups of hardy desert animals. The Cape Cross seal colony, where seals breed in their tens of thousands. Wander around the lively old town of Swakopmund and visit Walvis Bay with time for fishing. 2 days in the Johannesburg area with optional tours to the world famous Pretoria and Johannesburg Zoos, to meet your colleagues and friends. Total Safari Cost, Land/Air $2895.00 per person double occupancy CALL FOR MORE INFORMATION. . . . 1-800-323-8020 P.O.Box 178, Bloomingdale, IL 60108 AAZK Diet Notebook Mammals, Volume 1 The AAZK Diet Notebook, Mammals - - Volume 1 contains approximately 325 diets representing 213 species and subspecies from fourteen participating institutions. The diets are arranged by taxonomic order using ISIS numbers in a durable and attractive three- ring binder. Each Diet Response Form included in Volume 1 contains the following information: common name, scientific name, ISIS number, the contributing individual, their institution and its address, how long the diet has been used, whether the animals have bred while on the diet, the diet ingredients, instructions for preparation, notes and remarks, special considerations and nutritional analysis (if available). The Diet Notebook is a copyrighted publication of the American Association of Zoo Keepers, Inc., and may be ordered by filling out the following form and sending it, along with a check or money order (U.S. FUNDS ONLY) made payable to ’’AAZK Diet Notebook” to: Diet Notebook Order, AAZK, 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606 U.S. A. Cost of the Diet Notebook is as follows: 1) AAZK Members $40.00; 2) Non-members $55.00; 3) Institutions $70.00. These prices represent prepaid order prices and include postage for the U.S. and Canada. Those placing orders from overseas should contact AAZK Administrative Offices, 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606 for additional postage charges. Please allow 4-6 weeks for delivery. 5s*- 5s*- 5s*- 5s*- 5s*- 5s*- 5s*— 5s*- 5s*- 5s*- 5s*- 5s*- 5s*- 5s*- 5s*- 5s*- 5s*- 5s*- 5s*- AAZK DIET NOTEBOOK ORDER FORM I wish to order ■ copy (ies) of the AAZK Diet Notebook, (check one) AAZK Member Non-Member Institution . Total amount enclosed: $ ___ Name: . . Address: City: State/Province: Zip/Postal Code: Telephone: „ ALL ORDERS MUST BE PREPAID Solitary Confinement By Alan Roocroft Manager, Elephant Programs Zoological Society of San Diego As Told To Alison Davis Tibbits Elephants are highly dependent on the family unit as the basic social structure of their lives. These animals interact many times daily, teaching and assisting each other as well as expressing friendship and affection. The herd, without human interference or influence, allows every elephant's personality to evolve at its own rate. The young animals develop social skills and confidence during this time, learning from the older elephants who serve as role models. The dominant female matriarch oversees herd behavior, monitoring both immediate and extended family. In contrast, a captive elephant all alone lacks the very core of its existence, the presence of its own kind. Deprived of such companionship and support, the single elephant lives in a setting best described as "solitary confinement". What does "solitary confinement" mean to an animal? Why would anyone professing to care about elephants tolerate such an arrangement, much less practice it? Instances of this situation do occur, however, even with zoos and self-proclaimed "animal rights" people. In fact, it may be preferable to keep no elephants at all rather than have so few that adequate companionship cannot be provided. An ideal minimum population would be four or more animals. The more elephants are studied and understood, the less accurate is the old belief that "a zoo is not a zoo without an elephant". There is no question that the keepers' time with a solitary elephant is doubly important because these people provide the animal's only social interaction. A single elephant is severely handicapped when he or she has inadequate contact with people. Captive elephants with insufficient social stimuli often develop behavior problems directly traceable to apprehension and/or boredom. Physical signs of deep-seated psychological problems include: 1) rocking in place, on or off chains — this is the most common sign of neurotic behavior, beginning during the early years and stemming from restriction of movement or being ill at ease in the surroundings. 2) hitting head on wall or gate 3) tapping the tip of the trunk on wall or gate 4) pulling on one or both mammary glands 5) rubbing chains along the tusks 6) banging chains on the floor 7) holding the trunk in the mouth while rocking 8) lifting rear leg and touching trunk 9) pulling the skin under the chest 10) continued or increased apprehension following a change of location - as in a move from the outdoors to the bam Solitary Confinement. Continued Different individual personalities and early experiences can result in a variety of problems. Therefore, everyone who owns or keeps a solitary elephant is urged to observe the animal frequently, watching for indications of psychological distress. Solitary living also increases the two other principle anxiety-producing dilemmas of captivity: 1) boredom and, 2) inadequately trained keeper personnel. Boredom is often a severe problem for the captive animal. Elephants in the wild devote about eighty percent of their day to searching for and consuming food, traveling twenty to thirty miles seeking sustenance. In captivity, delivery of food to the enclosure removes any need to roam and forage, at the expense of losing an important daily challenge to the animals' ingenuity, intelligence and physical exertion. The remaining twenty percent of every day for elephants in the wild is spent associating with one another. This time of psychological development includes caring for and interacting with each other and the environment. Such opportunity does not occur for solitary animals except when provided by satisfactory keeper contact. Keepers must fill the void created by the absence of normal herd activities. It is essential for keepers to understand the elephant's basic physical and mental needs and to read their behavioral signals. About half of the captive animal's basic requirements are physical, for food, water and clean surroundings. Their other necessity is for occupational labor which provides work to keep minds and bodies in top condition. Elephants need to move from place to place, to pull, haul, carry, or lift every day. Private zoos and individuals who routinely work their animals fulfill this requirement well, resulting in animals who sleep better and do less random eating. Depending on the setting, other types of useful work may include rides, shows, public feedings, long walks, and behavior demonstrations. Stimuli which can be made available outdoors include the following: 1) fresh piles of dirt in which to dig, roll and play 2) regular browse to manipulate and munch 3) burial of branches, roots and rocks for the animals to discover and dig up — this is particularly helpful if there are only a few animals. Almost any opportunity for movement helps an elephant eliminate boredom. One exception to this generalization involves including young elephants in children's zoos. Such an animal, isolated from the influence of other elephants, soon learns undesirable habits such as head-butting or striking out with its trunk. Actions regarded as" cute" by uninformed visitors will become serious difficulties in the future. Aware and alert keepers not only provide vital care and companionship, but can spot and address behavior problems. These problems develop in the early years due to inadequate or irregular training, or from hasty training which expects too much too soon. Consistency is the most important word in the trainer's vocabulary during the elephant’s infancy and adolescence. Consistency is vital to establishment of positive behavior in adult life. Personality traits such as stability, dependability, nervousness, aggressiveness, and timidity are rooted in the levels of self-confidence and expectation established early in the animal's life. The trainer's motto must be : "Do Today What You Will Do Tomorrow". Elephants do not read minds and frequent deviations in routine can't be explained to an animal. Constant reinforcement of behaviors after training is completed eliminates confusion. A confused elephant can be a dangerous one. Without continual reinforcement, the animal is never sure what to anticipate and this can adversely affect personality development. Similarly, praise and reprimand must be delivered promptly to achieve lasting impact. The animal has to be able to recognize cause-and-effect. 349 Solitary Confinement. Continued Because many zoo herds are created from unrelated animals, herd dynamics require a minimum of five years to become firmly established. Elephants are valuable animals, and in a confined space they require keeper supervision for protection and interception of problems as they arise. Herd dynamics are negatively affected if: 1) there is frequent personnel turnover; 2) levels of interest in the animal differ widely among keepers, or; 3) the keepers' background experience varies too much. Problems with captive elephants occur when humans cannot or do not perform their jobs properly. Problems of solitary confinement could also occur when there is more than one animal. A threesome may develop a two-against-one relationship, and three is a typical number of elephants found in zoos. In an even larger group, one elephant can become the "lowest one on the totem pole" and the object of isolation by the other animals. If there are enough animals in the larger group, the segregated one may in time form a social sub-group within the main herd, as has happened at the San Diego Wild Animal Park. Dunda, 19, had a long history of aggression and abnormal behavior stemming from rejection by other elephants. This behavior began at the San Diego Zoo when Dunda was quite young. She became chronically agitated and insecure as "odd one out" in the herd. After years of bullying from other elephants, she was transferred to the Wild Animal Park for breeding. In time, she developed a small sub-group of friends, first with Bisi and then Tateema and Wanki. Prior to this new association, Bisi was also alone and suffering great anxiety due to being separated from Connie, her Asian elephant friend of many years. Bisi paced along the moat between the African and Asian enclosures daily for a couple of years after the separation until she and Dunda befriended one another. While the main herd seems more ready to accept Dunda today, the lack of self-confidence resulting from her years of submission prevents her from integrating with the others. An animal may be hard to handle because of mistreatment or solitary conditions imposed on them for an extended period. One such elephant is Cindy, an Asian with a checkered history of living alone for many of her 26 years. During her seven years at the Wild Animal Park she injured two keepers, but got along very well with several others. She is an insecure animal with no self-confidence and her nervous system easily overloads resulting in confusion which leads to aggressive behavior. Elephants must be taught how to live in the world, and this vital assignment falls to older herd members. The matriarch is the storehouse of the herd's lessons and wisdom. She leads members in teaching survival skills to the young. Eating, drinking, socializing, birth, death, locating water holes and finding new feeding grounds are all factors an elephant must know to survive. When older animals are eliminated, the remaining elephants, particularly the orphans, cannot fill the vacant roles if they have not seen prior examples. A great void then exists in the family unit. Adolescence, from ages 8 to 14, is a very impressionable period for elephants. They approach sexual maturity eager to learn about life. Their young bodies mature and change like that of a human. The female usually delivers her first calf between the ages of 10 and 12. The male matures a little later. Young bulls of about ten years are chased off from the herd to live alone or with a bachelor herd with bulls of various ages. It has been suggested that, if an elephant is too difficult to train, euthanasia might be justifiable. This idea prompts the theoretical question of what contribution these animals could make if allowed to live. Are they valuable as future leaders precisely because of the difficult traits they display? Could a potentially important addition to the gene pool be lost if the animal is eliminated? Such questions have no proven answers at this time, but do beg the issue of how serious it might be to remove an animal just because he or she is an inconvenient nonconformist. Might it be simply that the animal's intense dislike of someone or something in its past manifests itself as dangerous behavior when the elephant’s excellent memory is reminded of the offender? This certainly occurs in a human with a similar problem. gplitory Confinement, Continued The field of elephant management needs to develop a level of professionalism appropriate to the importance of our mission. The situation for elephants world-wide grows more serious by the week, and the animals now in our care represent some of the best hopes for perpetuation of the species. A thorough apprenticeship, with a high level of education and training, plus appropriate compensation, is needed to attract and retain the most capable and caring individuals for elephant management. Acknowledgement of the traditional values of hard work, loyalty, understanding and respect will further enhance the attraction of deeply dedicated people. In summary, the most satisfactory and successful management of captive elephants comes through those institutions whose highly trained and devoted people best know and understand the animals. Possession of credentials does not guarantee this knowledge, unless accompanied by a breadth of hands-on experience. An elephant’s well being further requires the sociability and stability of sufficient fellow elephants to simulate a family. Such cannot be achieved when this elephant lives isolated and alone in solitary confinement. 9 Send “I Can” Signals —reprinted in part from The office Professional with the permission of its editor, Andy Reynolds. Sure, she has the skills to do the job, but her attitude... Case closed. Future dim. His skills need work, but his attitude is like money in the bank... Although “good attitude” rarely appears in a job description, supervisors generally value it ahead of the technical skills needed to do the job. Employees with a positive attitude rarely find themselves out of work. In fact, this trait is identified with advancement and expanding career opportunities. Managers find that employees with a positive attitude can be taught technical skills while those with a negative attitude have trouble understanding what is wrong with their performance and in changing their ways. A positive attitude about oneself and one's work leads to taking responsibility and acting with integrity. Three primary qualities make an attitude “good”. Team spirit. People who are willing to cheer the organization to success usually realize that a slight difference in effort can make a big difference in results. People with team spirit do their best to do the job right because they know the quality of work they do affects the work of others. Desire. The will to perform well helps people overcome obstacles that would defeat employees with weaker motivation. Their attitude provides satisfaction as each unit of work is completed satisfactorily, energizing them for the next task. Vision. People who can see the broad picture while doing the mundane chores make a serious commitment to their jobs. A vision of how things should be leads individuals toward personal and organizational success. 351 NOW AVAILABLE Zoonotic Diseases. 2nd Edition AAZK is pleased to announce the availability of the Second Edition of the Zoonotic Diseases Handbook. This 40-page reference work details the most common zoonotic diseases, offers guidelines for preventive control and covers personal hygiene and disinfection procedures. This Second Edition contains expanded listings of zoonotic diseases and has been formatted in 5 1/2" x 8 1/2" AKF size. Information on each disease is presented in a text format which includes Ethiologic Agent, Means of Transmission to Man, Global Distribution, Alternate or Intermediate Hosts, Human Incubation and Human Symptoms. Editor for this volume is Bruce Clark of the Toledo Zoo. Copies may be purchased by completing the order form below. Prices are: $5.00 for Professional AAZK members; $6.50 for all other AAZK membership categories; and $8.50 for non-members. The prices include shipping and handling within North America. Orders outside the U.S. and Canada should add $3.00 for foreign postage by Air Mail. Make check or money order payable in U.S. FUNDS ONLY to: "AAZK". Please allow 3-4 weeks for delivery. Zoonotic Diseases Published by The American Association of Zoo Keepers, Inc. Please send copy/copies of the AAZK Zoonotic Diseases Handbook to: NAME: ADDRESS: CITY: STATE: ZIP: MEMBERSHIP CATEGORY; P AF AS INST Non-Mem TOTAL AMOUNT INCUDED: $ Send to: Zoonotic Diseases, AAZK, 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606 AAZK Membership Application Name check here if renewal [ ] Address City □ $30.00 Professional Full-time Keepers □ $25.00 Associate Those not connected with an animal facility I I $20.00 Library Library subscription only Zoo Affiliation (if any) Zoo Address State/Province Zip □ $25.00 Affiliate Other staff & volunteers □ $30.00 International All members outside U.S. & Canada regardless of category □ $50.00 or more Contributing Organizations & individuals Mail this application and check or money order (U.S. CURRENCY ONLY PLEASE), made payable to American Association of Zoo Keepers, Inc., to : AAZK Administrative Offices, Topeka Zoo, 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606 U.S. A. Membership includes a subscription to Animal Keepers' Forum. The membership card is good for free admission to many zoos and aquariums in the U.S. and Canada. INFORMATION FOR CONTRIBUTORS Animal Keepers' Forum publishes original papers and news items of interest to the animal keeping profession. Non-members are welcome to submit articles for consideration. Articles should be typed or hand-printed and double-spaced. All illustrations, graphs and tables should be clearly marked, in final form, and should fit in a page size no greater than 6" x 10" (15cm x 25 l/2cm). Literature used should be cited in the text and in final bibliography. Avoid footnotes. Include scientific name of species (as per ISIS) the first time it is used. Thereafter use common name. Black and white photos only accepted. Articles sent to Animal Keepers' Forum will be reviewed for publication. No commitment is made to the author, but an effort will be made to publish articles as soon as possible. Lengthy articles may be separated into monthly installments at the discretion of the editor. The editor reserves the right to edit material without consultation unless approval is requested in writing by the author. Materials submitted will not be returned unless accompanied by a stamped, self-addressed envelope. Telephone or FAX contributions of late-breaking news or last-minute insertions are accepted. However, long articles must be sent by U.S. mail. The phone number is (913) 272-5821 Ext. 31. FAX # is 913-272-2539. DEADLINE FOR EACH EDITION IS THE 15711. OF THE PRECEDING MONTH Articles printed do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the Animal Keepers' Forum editorial staff or the American Association of Zoo Keepers, Inc. Publication does not indicate endorsement by the Association. Items in this publication may be reprinted providing credit to this publication is given and a copy of the reprinted material is forwarded to the editor. Reprints of material appearing in this journal may be ordered from the editor. PRINTED IN U.SA. s: ss ^ a" r-.s 6. tj rr. 3 r~ 03 (-*• rf cr O ""S 3 0» C3 O K» O ft* r~j O — > o ua »-*• ri o> h d November 1990 Animal Keepers' Forum Dedicated to Professional Animal Care ANIMAL KEEPERS' FORUM . 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606 Editor-in-Chief: Susan Chan Assistant Editor: Ron Ringer November 1990 Volume Seventeen Number Eleven Animal Keepers' Forum (ISSN 0164-9531) is a monthly journal of the American Association of Zoo Keepers, Inc., 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606. Ten dollars of each membership fee goes toward the annual publication costs of Animal Keepers' Forum . Third Class postage paid at Topeka, KS. Postmaster: Please send address changes to: American Association of Zoo Keepers, Inc. Administrative Offices, 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606 Barbara Manspeaker, Administrative Secretary BOARD OF DIRECTORS Oliver Claffey, Metro Toronto Zoo, Toronto, Ontario, Canada President Bob Debets, Assiniboine Park Zoo, Winnipeg, Manitoba Canada Vice President Frank B. Kohn, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC 20008 Immediate Past President Janet McCoy, Washington Park Zoo, Portland, OR 97221 Ed Hansen, Reid Park Zoo, Tucson, AZ 85716 COMMITTEE.. CHAIRPERSONS..- PROJECT HEADS Conference Book Committee Tim Kelly, Assiniboine Park Zoo Awards Committee Jan McCoy, Washington Park Zoo Book-Review. Coordinator Rick Emmer, Cleveland Metroparks Zoo Staff Exchange Dale Frerking, Kansas City Zoo A AZK ..History Committee Rachel Rogers, Miami Metrozoo International Affairs Coordinators - Mona Conservation. Preservation. Restoration Animal Data Transfer Form Bemie Feldman, Burnet Park Zoo AAZK Liaison to AAZPA/IZE Brint Spencer, Beardsley Zoological Gdns. Keeper Accommodations List Heidi Manicki, Metro Toronto Zoo An Approach to Ztiokeeping Pat Sammarco, Santa Fe Teaching Zoo Zoo InfanHD-e.Yelopment Project Harmony Frazier-Taylor, Woodland Park Zoo AAZK Manual of Resources Elandra Aum, Woodland Park Zoo Exhibit Design Form Mark de Denus, Assiniboine Park Zoo Public Relations Liaison Tim Kurkowski, Zoo Atlanta Keeper Training & Education (includes Library Resources, Reference Search, Program Library, and Keeper Training Materials) L.R/R.S. - Marilyn Cole, Metro Toronto K.T.M- Rosemary Jalink Krussman, Nat'l Aquarium Research/Grants Committee Susan M. Barnard, Zoo Atlanta Public Education Committee Ellen Bradfield, Zoo Atlanta Keith, Calgary Zoo (east) Pam McDougall, Calgary Zoo (west) (CPR) Committee - Bob Debets, Assiniboine Park Zoo Membership Directory Administrative Office Staff Diet Notebook Susan Bunn Spencer, Beardsley Zoological Gdns. Biological Values/Gestation Toni Danzig, Greater S. F. Bay Area Chapter Legislative Advisor John Stoddard, Chicago, IL Bv-Laws Review Marilyn Cole, Metro Toronto Zoo Zoo/Uniyersity List Mike Illig, Washington Park Zoo Nominations & Flections David Luce, Fresno Zoo Zoonotic. Piseases Notebook Bruce Clark, Toledo Zoo Keeper Training Videotape Marilyn Cole, Metro Toronto Zoo/Production Coordinator Order/Distribution Center at AAZK Administrative Offices in Topeka AAZK Chapter Network System Coordinator - Mark de Denus, Assiniboine Park Zoo, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada Co-Coordinators Colleen Kinzley, Knowland Park Zoo (Oakland, CA) and Nanci Pintavalli, Columbus Zoo (Columbus, OH) Ql A) printed on recycled paper This month's cover art features the Siberian Tiger (Panthera tigris altaica) drawn by Mona Keith, a keeper at the Calgary Zoo, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. One of five species of the genus Panthera . the Siberian Tiger is the largest living felid with males weighing between 100-150 kg. Endangered due to hunting and loss of habitat, there are believed to be approximately 200 of these magnificent cats left in the wild. A Species Survival Plan has been established for the Siberian Tiger and zoos world-wide are working cooperatively to preserve this subspecies. Calgary presently has 2.1 and have had good breeding success in the past. Thanks, Mona! Scoops and Scuttlebutt AAZK Life Member Receives Conservation Award Andy Lodge, former zoo keeper at the Columbus Zoo, and President of the Ngare Sergoi Support Group, Inc., has been honored with The Theodore Roosevelt Conservation Award for his efforts to insure preservation of the critically endangered rhinoceros. Andy received the award from President George Bush on October 22 during ceremonies in the First Ladies Garden at the White House in Washington, DC. While still a full-time keeper, Andy was active in the Ngare Sergoi Support Group, giving talks and raising public awareness of the plight of the rhino. Last year Andy resigned from his zoo keeper position to spend full-time working on fund-raising and public education on rhino and elephant conservation. Andy's efforts have been responsible for much of the funding for the Ngare Sergoi Rhino Preserve in Kenya. While AAZK members and Chapters have supported Andy's efforts on an individual basis for a number of years, this year the combined efforts of members and Chapters throughout North America produced the highly successful “Bowling for Rhinos” event which earned in excess of $150,000 for rhino conservation. Andy was recognized by the AAZK Board of Directors during the 1989 Conference and presented with a Honorary National Life Membership in the Association. Membership Directory Update The 1991-92 Edition of the AAZK Membership Directory has been mailed to all Professional, Life and Contributing members. These membership categories receive the Directory gratis as part of their membership benefits. Other membership categories and non-members may purchase the Directory from AAZK Administrative Offices. Cost is $5.00 for members and $10.00 for non-members. Order from the Administrative Secretary at AAZK AO, 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606. Qygrseas Membership Fee Ingres Effective l January lfflQ Professional, Affiliate and Associate memberships for those living outside the U.S. and Canada have been raised to $40.00 per year beginning 1 January 1991. The increasing cost of overseas postage has forced AAZK to increase the rates. This will affect not only individual international members, but also the fees paid by Chapters or individuals who sponsor a foreign keeper. If you have any questions concerning this fee increase, please contact Administrative Offices in Topeka. 353 Scoops & Scuttlebutt. Continued Metro TQgQnlfl ZqqJjS Host Behavioral WprkghQp Metro Toronto Zoo is host for the Sixth Annual Workshop on “Applying Behavioral Research to Zoo Animal Management.” This highly acclaimed program is designed to give participants the skills and knowledge necessary to conduct and participate in behavioral studies, and to apply the information gained to the real problems of day-to-day animal management. Behavioral considerations are increasingly recognized as major factors in the successful management and breeding of captive wildlife, along with veterinary care and nutrition. This eight-day training workshop is especially directed at animal staff, including keepers, curators and veterinary staff from zoos, aquariums and related facilities. Through lectures, discussions and actual research projects, participants will learn to conduct their own behavioral studies. Participation in the workshop is designed to increase the quality of animal management decisions, as well as to facilitate cooperation and communication between zoo professionals and university scientists. The workshop will be held in lecture rooms at the Scarborough College campus of the University of Toronto, as well as at the Metro Toronto Zoo, where participants will develop and conduct projects in mammalian, avian or reptilian behavior. The workshop instructors are Dr. Michael Hutchins, Director of Conservation & Science, AAZPA and Dr. Jill Mellen, Conservation/Research Coordinator at the Washington Park Zoo in Portland, OR. For further information contact: Marilyn Cole, 1991 Behavioral Workshop Committee Chairman, Metro Toronto Zoo, P.O. Box 280, West Hill, Ontario, Canada M1E 4R5. Tree Kangaroo Publication Available Bulletin Number 1 of the AAZPA Monotreme and Marsupial Advisory Group entitled “The Biology and Management of Tree Kangaroos,” edited by Miles Roberts and Michael Hutchins, is now available. The volume, proceedings of a symposium held at the National Zoological Park in May 1990, contains four review papers, photographs, and a comprehensive bibliography. For price and ordering information contact Miles Roberts, Dept, of Zoological Research, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC 20008. Phone: (202) 673-4749. Former Brookfield Zoo Pioneer Dies Virginia Havemeyer, Superintendent of the Children's Zoo at the Brookfield Zoo from 1952 to 1969, died at the age of 86 in early October. Virginia was a pioneer in the field since at the time she served as superintendent, women were rarely allowed to be zoo keepers let alone heads of departments at most of the nation's zoos. Gail Schneider, Executive Director of Dreher Park Zoo and former zoo keeper, notified our offices of Virginia's passing. Gail wrote: “Without people like her, many people like me would probably not have had a chance to break into the business. Aside from all of that, she was a very interesting and nice person.” AAZK Administrative Offices 1-800-242-4519 (U.S. Only) 1-800-468-1966 (Canada) FAX 913-272-2539 9 354 Coming Events Fifth Conference on the Captive Propagation and Husbandry of Reptiles and Amphibians February 16-18, 1991 Davis, CA Conference will be held at the University of California, Davis. For more information contact: Rick Staub (707) 553-9739 or Gerold Merker (916) 644-6253. AAZPA Regional Conferences for 1991 Southern Regional - 10-12 March, 1991. For more information contact Les Schobert, North Carolina Zoological Park, Route 4, Box 83, Asheboro, NC 27203 (919) 879-7000. Western Regional - 24-26 March 1991. For more information contact Sal Perkins, Wildlife Safari Park, P.O. Box 1600, Winston, OR 97469. (503) 679-6761. Central Regional - 7-9 April 1991. For more information contact Carol Eames, Tulsa Zoolgical Park, 5701 E. 36th St. North, Tulsa, OK 74115 (918) 596-2401 Northeastern Regional - 21-23 April 1991. For more information contact Tony Vecchio, Roger Williams Park Zoo, Roger Williams Park, Providence, RI 02905 (401) 785-9450 Ext. 80. Great Lakes Regional - 55-7 May 1991. For more information contact Greg Geise, Binder Park Zoo, 7400 Division Dr., Battle Creek, MI 49017 (616) 979-1351. AAZK Announces New Professional & Contributing Members Lisa Shunney, Capron Prk Zoo (MA Heather Crawford, Staten Island Zoo (NY) A1 Porta, Philadelphia Zoo (PA) Mary Terry, NC Museum of Natural History (NC) John Seyjagat, Lubee Foundation, Inc. (FL) April Truitt, Monkeys & Friends (KY) Jean Nicholson, Brookfield zoo (IL) Brenda Herron, Wildlife Prairie Prk (IL) Darrin Webb, Wildlife Prairie Prk (IL) Michael A. Yznaga, Topeka Zoo (KS) Cheryl Stallings, Oklahoma City Zoo (OK) Cinnamon Zakar, Caldwell Zoo (TX) Debbie Lockey, Caldwell Zoo (TX) Cary Glenn Seale, Caldwell Zoo (TX) Ruston M. Agte, Reid Park Zoo (AZ) Jeff Fuller, San Diego Wild Animal Prk (CA) Barbara Andriani, Bergan County Zoo (NJ) Sarah Connaughton, Buffalo Zoo (NY) Karen Oldfield, Baltimore Zoo (MD) Carol Bryant, Charlotte Natural Museum (NC) Andrea DeMuth, Busch Gardens Zoo (FL) Charles Wussow, MacKenzie Environmental Center (WI) Dorothy Jepson, Wildlife Prairie Prk (IL) Raymond Swearingen, Wildlife Prairie Prk Bambi D. Foy, Heritage Zoo (NE) Sheila Campbell, Caldwell Zoo (TX) Donna M. Kelley, Caldwell Zoo (TX) Gerry Moore, Caldwell Zoo (TX) Tatiana Stephens, Houston Zool. Gdns. (TX) Mark Cooper, Los Angeles Zoo (CA) Jennifer LeClair, Sea World (CA) James H. McNeal, Woodland Park Zoo (WA) New Contributing Members Amy Sutton, SUNY College, Delhi, NY Neil Anderson, Wildlife Prairie Park, Hanna City, IL William H. Disher, San Diego Zoo & Wild Animal Park, San Diego, CA Renewing Contributing Members Bruce M. Thomas, Arlington, VA Steve H. Taylor, Cleveland Metroparks Zoo, Cleveland, OH Tim Knight, Woodland Park Zoological Gardens, Seattle, WA 355 MEMO: TO: Regional Coordinators/Chapter Liaisons/ Institutional Liaisons FROM: Mark de Denus, LINK Coordinator Work is still underway to refine the communication and assistance network now known as LINK. Once all aspects of the system are finalized and approved, packages will be sent to you. These will include reporting sheets/surveys on Chapter or regional activities and resource information for membership or Chapter assistance. For now, all RCs, Chapter and Institutional Liaisons should operate as follows: - continue to communicate with the membership in your area as needed and forward questions, concerns, ideas, etc. to the appropriate person in the LINK system. Communication can also be directed to Administrative Offices, the Board of Directors or myself as the situation warrants. - review the Job Description/Duties for your position (AKF October ’90) to update and clarify your responsibilities; contact me for further clarification is necessary. CHAPTER NOTE: Reporting on Chapter activities and status need not be addressed until after December/90. Revised reporting forms will be sent to you (as well as to Regional Coordinators). IMPORTANT: Chapters are required to return the completed Authorization for Inclusion in IRS Group Exemption Letter’ form immediately to Administrative Offices in Topeka. A copy of the Chapter's Constitution/By-laws/Amend- ments must also be included. (If you have misplaced this form, contact AO immediately to have another sent to you!) THIS IS A PRIORITY REQUIREMENTS FOR CHAPTER OFFICERS TO ADDRESS. Failure to comply will require necessary action by the AAZK Board. to welcome the following members to these appointed positions: Karin Newman - RC for Wisconsin Dan Powell - RC for Indiana Bruce Eneboe - RC for Arizona/New Mexico the following resignations: Ed Hansen - RC for Arizona/New Mexico Steve Tigges - RC for OK/KS/MO/AR Colleen Kinzley - Assistant Coordinator WEST for LINK wishes to thank these professionals for their work and dedication to the organization and their commitment to professional growth. Mark de Denus/LINK Coordinator I would like Please note The AAZK 356 Births & Hatchings Sacramento Zoo,. .a pair of unusual eagles have recently been acquired by this facility. The Bateleur eagle ( Terathopius ecaudatus ) female arrived from North Carolina Zoo and the male came to Sacramento from the St. Louis Zoo. The eagle's name comes from the bird's resemblance to a circus performer - bateleur is French for tightrope walker The bird's side-rolls, somersaults, loop-the-loops and other aerial acrobatics are accompanied by loud wing clapping. ‘We are hoping that as the male matures, the birds will eventually develop into a breeding pair,” says Jane Hansjergen, general curator. “This species of eagle seems to breed well in captivity.” Unlike many birds, bateleur eagles rarely perch in trees. They are stocky birds, 22-25 inches long with exceptionally long wings, very short tails and powerful, heavily scaled legs and feet. In the wild, this species picks up carrion and attacks large snakes, including puff adders. Bateleur eagles also attack vultures and other birds likely to have scraps of food. They are native to Africa south of the Sahara excluding the Congo Basin where their habitat consists of open land, steppe with acacias and other broad-crowned trees. It avoids large forests and is not considered endangered. (News Release , Sacramento Zoo). Central Florida Chapter AAZK...reports the following significant B&H from two of their participating facilities: Sea World...on 16 August, 1990, Sea World Orlando had its first King Penguin (Aptenodytes patagonica ) hatch. The female laid the egg on 23 June. She was a 26-month- old bird originating from the 1988 egg collecting expedition to South Georgia Island, near the continent of Antarctica. The male parent was a wild-caught bird approximately 22 years old. In the beginning both birds shared incubation of the egg by positioning it on top of their feet and incubating it with the brood patch. When the egg is transferred from one parent to the other the behavior consists of head weaving, nibbling of the other's neck and beak fencing. Egg laying normally occurs between November and March depending upon the pair's last breeding season. It takes 15 to 18 months for a chick to fledge. Though under ideal conditions, such as those found in captivity, it is not uncommon for these birds to lay off -season. The average incubation time is 52 - 54 days. On 28 July, more than half way through the incubation period, the egg was abandoned by both parents. The egg was transferred to a Petersime Incubator, Model 4, for the remainder of the incubation period. The egg began pipping on the 53rd day and with a little human TLC completed hatching on the 55th day. The chick weighed 154.9 grams when it hatched and is gaining daily. The initial feeding for the chick consisted of water to deter possible dehydration. The remaining feedings consisted of formula, similar to that of a milkshake, made from herring fillets, krill, multivitamins, Brewer's Yeast, Vitamin E, Calcium, half and half cream, and water. The chick is being fed 5 times a day. On 4 September the chick received its first taste of solid food, herring fillets. The brown, downy feathers have begun to appear. Our newest addition is on display for the behind-the- scenes tours and is very active and vocal. ( submitted by Mike Cothran and Sandy Wieprzkowski , Sea World of Florida). Other significant hatchings for Sea World of Florida include 0.1 Bufflehead (Bucephala albcola), 1.2 Comb duck ( Sarkidiornis mellanotos), and 0.0.1 Scarlet ibis ( Eudocimus ruber), all first hatchings for the Aviculture Department. We also have 7 Hadada ibis ( Hagedashia hagedash) eggs that are being artificially incubated. This is the third nesting for one pair and the second nesting for another pair. 357 Births & Hatchings. Continued These birds produced eggs after being in their new exhibit for two months. Finally, we are pleased to announce the second hatching of a Palm cockatoo ( Prohosciger atirrimus). The chick is being hand-raised by the curator of birds. ( submitted by John Beasley, Sea World , Chapter Liaison for Central Florida AAZK Chapter). King Penguin chick being hand-fed. This chick represents a first hatching of this species for Sea World of Florida. (Photo courtesy of Chris Gotshall, Sea World) Cypress Gardens. ..the summer months were most productive for our animal care department. Heading up the list of significant births is “Roxy”, a 0.1 Ringtail lemur ( Lemur catta) born on 5 July and “Doogie”, a Spider monkey ( Ateles geoffroyi ) born 10 July. Both are being hand-reared by our nursery staff, consisting of three different keepers, male and female. They are given 24 hour care and are checked by our veterinarian twice a week. They are thriving and have adjusted very well. 358 Births & Hatchings. Continued The Reptile Dept, had two important hatchings. First was a clutch of 0.0.7 Green iguana ( Iguana iguana) on 27 August. This was the second consecutive clutch in two years. Secondly, we are proud to announce our first hatching of 0.0.25 American alligators ( Alligator mississippiensis) on 28 August. They are being reared and displayed in the nursery. Most significant for our Aviculture staff this summer was the hatching of 0.4 Paradise shell ducks ( Tadorna variegata ). We also had numerous parrots and macaws hatch this summer as well. ( submitted by Liz Goodale, Cypress Gardens). This threatened reptile was born on 28 August. It is from a clutch of 25 American Alligators, a first for Cypress Gardens Animal Care Staff. (Photo courtesy of Dave Woods, Cypress Gardens) ZooAmerica North American Wildlife Park... would like to announce the following B&H from May through August 1990: On 4 April, our female American golden eagle ( Aquila chrysaetos canadensis) laid her first egg for this year, followed two days later by a second. After an incubation period of almost a month and a half, the first egg hatched. The second turned out to be infertile. The proud parents, as usual, did an excellent job in raising the eaglet. On 22 June, the eaglet was removed from the nest and taken to a hacking site in Center County, PA, for eventual release. It was decided that the eagle was strong enough to be released on 5 July. The eagle did well and was beginning to kill its own food. Unfortunately, the eagle flew into power lines on 17 September, incurring damage to its left wing and neck. We hope to be able to re- release the eagle next spring. 359 Birth? & Hatchings, Continued Our pair of Snowy owls ( Nyctea scandiaca ) also had a successful year, with four of their chicks surviving. Their first clutch died from fly larvae infestations. They abandoned their second clutch which was then pulled for artificial incubation. Much to our surprise, the female laid a third clutch! These eggs were also pulled for artificial incubation. The young owls are doing fine. A surprise this year was the discovery of a Burrowing owl chick ( Speotyto cunicularia ) on 18 August. The adults did not seem to be spending much time in the burrow and no young were expected. Less notable, but very popular with our guests, were the births of 1.0 American bison ( Bison bison ) and 2.0 American elk ( Celes celes americana ) in June. (Submitted by Mike Light, Zoo Naturalist, Zoo America North American Wildlife Park, Hershey, PA). Awards Presented at 1990 AAZPA Conference The following Honors & Awards were presented during the 1990 Annual AAZPA Conference held in Indianapolis, IN in September: Edward H. Bean Awards Lincoln Park Zoological Gardens - Long-term Propagation of the Lowland Gorilla Tulsa Zoological Park - Birth of Atlantic Spadefish Significant Achievement Awards Duke University Primate Center - Long-term Propagation of Coquerel's Sifaka Minnesota Zoological Gardens - Ermine Breeding Program Oklahoma City Zoological Park - Chameleon Breeding Program Vancouver Public Aquarium - Northern Sea Otter Breeding Program Exhibit Award Woodland Park Zoological Gardens - Elephant Forest Significant Achievement Awards New York Aquarium - Discovery Cove New York Zoological Park - Zoo Center Riverbanks Zoological park - Aquarium Reptile Complex Zoo Atlanta - Masai Mara Education Award New York Zoological Park - Zoos for Effective Science Teaching Significant Achievement Awards Los Angeles Zoo - Adventure Island: The Education Component Vancouver Public Aquarium - Anatomy of a Rainforest 360 SPECTRUM Quality exotic animal diets Nutritionally balanced Fixed formulation • Economical When you need a complete line of high-quality dry and frozen animal diets for your feeding program, call Animal Spectrum. NEBRASKA BRAND h \ SPECTRUM BROOD-RITE HEATERS Frozen feline diets Frozen bird of prey diets Frozen canine diet Chunk and chopped horsemeat, hearts, livers, rib, shank, knuckle bones, and tailbones Banana flavored primate, 15 % protein dry Banana flavored primate, Pro-Plus 25% protein dry Leaf Eater primate dry Omnivore dry Llama Vitamins & Minerals dry Polar Bear dry Marmoset/ Tamar in dry Ratite dry Hoofstock supplement, with Selenium dry Bulbless heaters— nothing to break Safe around all animals and bedding material. Even heat distribution in 240, 500, or 750 wattages. GENTLE TOUCH™ bedding One call does it all FREE 1-800-228-4005 FAX 308-534-7015 Animal Spectrum, Inc. P.O. Box 721 North Platte, NE 69103-0721 1990 American Association of Zoo Keepers Awards The following awards were presented at the 16th National AAZK Conference held in New Orleans, LA from 4-8 November, 1990. The Jean C. Hromadka Excellence in Zoo Keeping, the Meritorious Achievement, and the Certificate of Merit for Zookeeper Education Awards are selected by the AAZK Awards Committee from nominations proposed by the AAZK membership. Janet McCoy of Washington Park Zoo, Portland, OR chaired the Awards Committee this year. The Certificates of Recognition and Appreciation are given by the AAZK Board of Directors. The Excellence in Journalism Awards are selected by the editorial staff of Animal Keepers' Forum. 1990 Jean C. Hromadka Excellence in Zoo Keeping Award Recipients In recognition of their professional attitude, true dedication, superb application of animal husbandry practices and contribution to the welfare of the animal life placed in their charge, AAZK presents the following individuals with this award. Pamela Jensen Dunn, Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, IL Awarded for her outstanding work with newborn primates and for her efforts in establishing the Children's Zoo volunteer program. Also noted were her special events and education work. Edward Laird, Brookfield Zoo, Brookfield, IL For his outstanding work with Addax nasomaculatus and Springhaas. Also noted was his committee, keeper training and educational work. Meritorious Achievement Award Recipients In recognition of outstanding achievement in the field of wildlife conservation and animal husbandry. AAZK presents this award to: Tina Mullett, Judie Steenberg and Diane Yoshimi Woodland Park Zoological Gardens, Seattle, WA For the development, promotion and updating of the Tree Kangaroo Husbandry Notebook. AAZK Chapter of the Exotic Feline Breeding Compound, Inc. Rosamond, CA For outstanding volunteer commitment and dedication through fundraising and animal management training to save endangered felines. Merit fpr Zwfepgr In recognition of the outstanding achievement by an institution in establishing and promoting zoo keeper education at their facility, AAZK presents this award to: Kevin Conway and Robert Rod den National Zoological Park Conservation Be, Research Center Front Royal, VA For development of the keeper training manual for the Conservation and Research Center's Mammal Unit . 362 1990 AAZK/AKF Award Recipients , Continued Santa Fe Community College Teaching Zoo Gainesville, FL For the development of the Zoo Animal Technology Program which offers a wide range of technological instruction and clinical experience. Certificate of Appreciation Dr. Janis Ott-Joslin Woodland Park Zoological Gardens, Seattle, WA In sincere appreciation for her technical assistance and support in the production of the Tree Kangaroo Husbandry Notebook. Certificate of Recognition Marilyn Cole, Metro Toronto Zoo service as Chairperson of the By-laws Review Committee and Production Coordinator for the Videotape Project Rick Emmer, Cleveland Metroparks Zoo service as Coordinator of the Book Review Project Bruce Clark, Toledo Zoo service as editor of the second edition of Zoonotic Diseases Handbook Kaci Thompson, National Zoological Park for service as Chairperson of the Research/Grants Committee and the Library Resources Project Nanci Pintavalli, Columbus Zoo for service as Chairperson/Coordinator of the 1990 “Bowling for Rhinos” Fundraiser Bill Whittaker, Toledo Zoo for service as Coordinator of the Chapter and Regional Affairs System and for initiating the nationwide Keeper Census/Survey Larry Sammarco, Gainesville, FL in special recognition of the service he has given the Association over the years and for the support and encouragement he has always offered to AAZK. Excellence in Journalism Awards Outstanding Mammal Article: “Development of a Supplemental Feeding Protocol for a Western Lowland Gorilla” Lilli Thorpe, Dallas Zoo 363 1990 AAZK/AKF Award Recipients , Continued, Outstanding Avian Article: “Quarantine and Acclimatization of Bee-Eaters at the San Diego Zoo” Kimberly Livingstone, San Diego Zoo Outstanding Veterinary Article: “Practical Avian Triage” Gail Hedberg, San Francisco Zoo Outstanding Narrative Article: “Reflections on Rhum, Parts I & II” Robert Bergahier, Philadelphia Zoo Outstanding Exhibit Article: “A Tropical Renaissance - It's All in a Day's Work” Jeanette Nadeau, Roger Williams Park Zoo Outstanding Conservation Article: “Waste Reduction Program at Metro Toronto Zoo” Linda Ervine, Metro Toronto Zoo Outstanding Education Article: “Husbandry Notebooks and Unit Procedures” Judie Steenberg, Woodland Park Zoological Gardens Outstanding Husbandry Article: “Hand-rearing, Growth & Development of Fisher” Tom LaBarge, Burnet Park Zoo Outstanding Research Article: “Research in Natural Habitat Enclosures at the Duke University Primate Center” Louise B. Martin, DUPC Outstanding Cover Art: “Jaguar” November 1989 issue Mary Deckert, Los Angeles Zoo Honorable Mention Awards “Techniques Used in Hand-Rearing and Subsequent Reintroduction to Her Mother of a Lowland Gorilla”, Marilyn Cole, Metro Toronto Zoo (Mammal Category) “Introduction of a Male Colobus to an Existing All Male Group”, Susan Margulis, Burnet Park Zoo (Mammal Category) “Breeding the Black & White Casqued Hornbill at the Ouwehand Zoo in the Netherlands", Gerald H. Meijer, Ouwehand Zoo (Avian Category) 364 1990 AAZK/AKF Award Recipients , Continued “Animal Death Report Form: Important Data for Animal Husbandry and Preventive Health Programs”, Dr. Kent Osborn, San Diego Zoo (Veterinary Category) “The Creation and Operation of a Native Hummingbird Exhibit”, Barbara Palmer, Karen Krebbs and Sara McLalan, Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum (Exhibit Category) “Management and Breeding of Southern White Rhinoceros”, Betty A. Grogan and Glen A. Grogan, Jacksonville Zoo (Husbandry Category) “Behavior and Management of Small Deer at the San Diego Zoo”, Celeste Northrop, San Diego Zoo (Research Category) “Keeper with Polar Bear Cub” Cover October 1989, Yoshi. Yonetani, Zoo Design & Education Lab, Kobe, Japan (Cover Art Category) “Charging Rhino” Cover September 1989, Mark Stettes, St. Louis Zoo (Cover Art Category) National Chairman Positions Open There are three National Chairman positions open for someone who would like to serve their national organization. They are: 1 . By-laws Review Chair: the function of this committee is to conduct an annual review of the Association's by-laws, solicit suggested revisions and work with AO to assure that these by-laws remain in conformity with any state or federal requirements. 2. Book Review Chair: the function of this project is to solicit reviews of current zoological literature for publication in Animal Keepers' Forum. The project coordinator contacts publishers to secure review copies, coordinates reviewers, and submits reviews to AKF. 3. Videotape Project Chair: the function of this project is to encourage the production of keeper training videotapes by AAZK Chapters and others for use in zoo's keeper training programs. The project currently has two videotapes for sale: Keeper Safety: An Attitude Adjustment and An Introduction to Feeds and Feeding. Other tapes currently in production include the Keeper's Role in Zoo Animal Health. Distribution of the tapes and all financial records are handled by the staff at Administrative Offices. If you are interested in any of these positions, please contact either Janet McCoy, Board member with oversight of these projects or Barbara Manspeaker at AAZK AO in Topeka. Janet may be contacted at Washington Park Zoo, 4001 S.W. Canyon Rd., Portland, OR 97221. 365 1990 Proceedings Order Form The papers presented at the 16th National AAZK Conference held Nov. 4-8 in New Orleans will be published in the 1990 edition of the Conference Proceedings. Delegates attending the Conference receive a copy as part of their registration fee. Those presenting a paper receive a gratis copy. Others may purchase a copy by filling out the form below and returning it to AAZK Administrative Offices bv 31 December 1990. The number of copies ordered will depend on the response from this pre-order form, so if you want a copy you need to return this form with your payment. The cost is $5.00 per copy for members and $8.00 per copy for non- members. Canadian and foreign orders must include $2.00 additional for surface postage costs. Checks or money orders should be sent in U.S. Funds ONLY. Mail to: '90 Proceedings, AAZK AO, 635 Gage BlvdL, Topeka, KS 66606. Included in the Proceedings will be the following papers: Black footed Penguins at the Knoxville Zoo: Against All Odds ~ The Handrearing of Humboldt Penguins ~ Management of the Boatbill Heron at the Jacksonville Zoo ~ Nesting Behavior of Chilean Flamingos ~ Talking About Sichuan Takins at the San Diego Zoo ~ Indian Rhino Foot Care at the Los Angeles Zoo ~ Ngare Sergoi: Update ~ Sumatran Tiger Watch ~ Captive Management of a Socialized Group of Timber Wolves ~ Cheetah Breeding at White Oaks Plantation ~ Development of a Black Howler Infant ~ What is Duke University Primate Center? ~ Hand-rearing and Re-introduction of a Cotton-top Tamarin ~ An Analysis of the Captive Population of Colobus Guerza ~ Radio Tracking Pelltophryne Lemur in La Reserva Forestal De Guanica, P.R. ~ Management Program and Breeding of P. Lemur at Metro Toronto Zoo ~ Metro Toronto 's Conservation & Education Program ~ Racetrack Trash Becomes Rainforest Bash ~ Keeping Up With Keepers ~ Conservation: Keeping It In Perspective ~ Tsimbazaza and Ivolloina: Madagascar Zoos/Their Current Status and Potential ~ Zoo Conservation Outreach Group, a low-budget, high impact approach to international conservation ~ The Benefit of Operant Conditioning for Show Presentation and Keeper Talks, highlighting public education in the modern zoo ~ The Use of Operant Conditioning in Training Husbandry Behaviors with Captive Animals ~ The Role of an Environmental and Behavioral Enrichment Group at Metro Toronto Zoo - Hand-raising Pinnipeds ~ The Conservation of the Cuban Hutia ~ Black -footed Ferret Management at Henry Doorly Zoo ~ Bats: Rehabilitation for Release ~ Status of AMAZOO. '90 Proceedings Order Form Please send copy (copies) of Hie 1990 AAZK Conference Proceedings to: Name: Address: City: State/Province: Zip/Postal Code: AAZK Member: YES NO Enclosed is $ per copy ordered plus additional postage, if applicable (see prices above) TOTAL ENCLOSED: $ DEADLINE FOR PRE-ORDERS IS 31 DECEMBER 1990 366 Ecosystem Survival Plan Update submitted by Norman Gershenz, ESP Coordinator San Francisco Zoo / GSFBA Chapter The Ecosystem Survival Plan Conservation Parking Meter prototype was previewed at the 66th AAZPA National Conference held in Indianapolis in September. This was the first time the finished prototype had been viewed by the public, in this case it was 1600 professionals of the zoo and aquarium community from more than 150 institutions. The meter was highlighted the first evening, Sunday night at the AAZPA's first Conservation Outreach Fair. Everyone was quick to see how extra change can translate into an extraordinary effort for the conservation of wildlife habitat and the preservation of hundreds of thousands of species in the wild. The meter was shown throughout the five-day conference at the poster session meetings as well as on display at the exhibitors booth of Follis Design. This company has donated hundreds of hours of prototype development, materials, and production of “state of the art” enamel process signage. The response was overwhelming. More than 50 zoos at the conference expressed interest in the meters; which brings to a total over 70 zoos that are anxious to see how they can incorporate the Ecosystem Survival Plan/Adopt an Acre program as part of their commitment to conservation and to see how spare change can spare the rainforests of the world. Groundbreaking for the first Conservation Parking Meter took place on 16 November at the San Francisco Zoo. The ESP/Adopt An Acre program is also presently looking at two new conservation sites on which to focus our efforts for next year. The first site is La Amistad National Park in Costa Rica. This site is one of Central America's largest areas of unaltered upland tropical rainforest covering an area of 480,000 acres. The biological diversity is spectacular. The area boasts tapirs, jaguars, ocelots, brocket deer, giant anteaters, pumas, mountain hare and three different species of opossums. The shy and magnificent quetzal as well as the rare harpy eagle can be found in the tall forests. This conservation site is critically important habitat for migratory birds and other endemic and endangered species. Due to its size and rainfall the park serves as the northern limit for some South American species and the southern limit for many northern species. La Amistad is part of the La Amistad Biosphere Reserve, a 2 million acre (3000 sq. mile) area that was designated as a biosphere reserve in 1982 by UNESCO Man and the Biosphere Program. The opportunity to preserve over $2 million of tropical rainforest habitat is available in La Amistad. This will set aside over 15,000 acres of threatened and endangered wildlands. The funds raised will be used for the purchase, protection, management, and for establishing an endowment for the park along the same lines as ESP's first project, Guanacaste National Park. The second site is the Rio Bravo Conservation Area, an area of 152,000 acres located in northwestern Belize. This site is rich in wildlife and plant diversity. Five cat species occur here: jaguar, puma, jaguarundi, ocelot and margay. Studies indicate that more than 200 bird species occur here, including the crested guan, ocellated turkey and the great currasow. Most of the Rio Bravo Conservation Area is comparatively undisturbed by recent human activity. The cost of land acquisition for 110,000 acres of subtropical moist forest is $2.5 million. This would raise the necessary funds for habitat purchase and long- term protection for this unique ecosystem. In addition to habitat purchase the goals for the Rio Bravo Conservation Area are to establish a full research facility and conservation data center, making available scientific information for the country, and also to create a multi- level educational program for the children of Belize and future generations of children around the globe. The hope is for Rio Bravo to become a model for the country of Belize. Rio Bravo Conservation Area borders Guatemala and Mexico and will become part of a tri- national natural resource base to be known as the Maya Biosphere... a 5 million acre preserve of prime tropical rainforest. (Editor s note: If you are interested in learning more about the ESP /Adopt An Acre Program or would like to become involved, contact Norman Gershenz at the San Francisco Zoo, 1 Zoo Road, San Francisco, CA 94132.) ^ ® 367 Chapter News The American Association of Zoo Keepers, Inc. is pleased to welcome two new Chapters into the Association. They are: Bergen County Regional AAZK Chapter Located at Bergen County Zoological Park (formerly Van Saun Park Zoo), the mailing address for this new Chapter is: 216 Forest Avenue, Paramus, NJ 07652. Officers for the Bergen County Regional AAZK Chapter are: President Cindy Ambrosio VP/Treas... .Marianne Rizzo Secretary Susan Nolan Chapter Liaison Miriam Soffer Western New York Chanter of AAZK Located at the Buffalo Zoological Gardens, the mailing address for this new Chapter is c/o the zoo at Delaware Park, Buffalo, NY 14214. Officers for the Western New York Chapter of AAZK are: President... ..Nancy Stengel Vice Pres Kevin Murphy Sec/Liaison Kathryn Mullane Treasurer.... Amy DeAngelo-Wasmund Fundraiser.. ...Marc Ankerud St. Louis Chapter AAZK Summertime activities at the St. Louis Chapter included the following: on 10 May we had a barbecue party for all the zoo employees who attended this year's first outdoor volleyball game. A tip of the hat goes to primate keeper Frank Fisher and Ranger Ruby Wise for the tasty ribs and wings they prepared. Aquarist Jim Lovins hosted the monthly meeting/pot- luck on 17 May. Several entries were presented for our Chapter logo contest. May's lunchroom lecture series featured primate keeper Meg White who gave a fascinating talk on our success with our bachelor male gorilla troop. In June the Chapter sponsored Indian keeper Mr. V.K.N. Sharma. Thanks to bird keeper Gail Bentzinger who split the cost with us. Amos Morris gave a talk on the zoo's recently acquired Siberian tiger pair and their introduction to one another. July's Italian potluck was held at Steve Tomey and Rick Smith's house. Voting on the Chapter logo was held and Angela Pruitt's colorful Treefrog design was chosen. Angela received a zoo T-shirt as a prize for her well-appreciated efforts. We ended our meeting with informal slide presentations given by headkeeper of primates Joe Knobbe (Black lemur introduction); Colleen Knobbe, head keeper of antelopes (Impala rearing); and Steve Tomey, rhino keeper, (hand- rearing a pygmy hippopotamus). At the August meeting we finalized plans for our second annual benefit concert. The Chapter also sponsored reptile keeper Norm Haskel to attend the Midwestern Herpetological Conference in Minneapolis, MN. Norm gave a paper on Outdoor Overwintering of the American Alligator at the St. Louis Zoo. September was also a busy month. The “Cats Down Under the Stars” concert featured the bands 710 and Live Wire Blues Band. International Society for Endangered Cats (I.S.E.C.) supplied us with beautiful T-shirts to sell at the event. The concert and T-shirt sales went well. Nearly $1000 was raised for I.S.E.C. I'd like to thank Joe Cammerata for the use of his bar, Off-Broadway Lounge, the bands for the excellent show they put on; Steve Tomey and Bob Merz (primates) for their assistance at the show and a very special thank you to Annette Flowers, Grateful Dead Office, Mouse Kelley and Jerry Garcia for allowing us to use their “Cats” album cover design. 368 Chapter News. Continued On 11 September, Rod Lake, City of Kirkwood's Community Relations Director, gave a lunchroom lecture on “Recycling in the Home”. We finished September off with a Chili Potluck at Colleen and Joe Knobbe's lovely southside home. Nominations for officers were held at this meeting. We also planned our third annual rummage sale. -Rick Smith, Chapter Liaison Mt, Tahpma Chapter AAZK Newly elected officers for the Mt. Tahoma Chapter, Tacoma, WA are: President Kit Niemann Vice Pres/Treas...Marcye Miller-Lebert Secretary Margaret Gaspari Puget Sound Chapter AAZK AAZK members of Woodland Park Zoo in Seattle are sponsoring their 10th Annual ZOO BOWL on Sunday, 25 November at the Village Lanes in the University Shopping Plaza. This is an annual money raising event with proceeds benefiting various urgent and worthwhile causes. We hope to exceed last year's $2700 in pledges so that some much needed equipment can be acquired for the ranger staff at the Ngorongoro Crater Conservation area. In addition, we want to make contributions toward the $100,000 goal the Puget Sound Chapter has committed to raise towards the purchase of 2500 acres of land in southwestern Columbia and northwestern Ecuador on the Pacific slope of the Andes to establish the proposed Mambi Rainforest Preserve. A $40 donation will purchase an acre of land. When sufficient funds have been raised for the land purchase, the non-profit Columbian organization, Fundacion para la Educacion Superior (FES), will staff the reserve with biologists, build an education and research center and provide educational programs for the local population on the importance of saving the rainforests. Debra Stecher, Senior Keeper of Birds, is in charge of the ZOO BOWL and is looking forward to bowlers signing up to make enough teams to utilize the 22 lanes reserves for our use and for these bowlers to get lots of sponsors. -Judie Steenberg, Sec'y San PiggQ AAZK Chapter Rick Barongi, Curator of Mammals, gave an informative talk and slide presentation at September's monthly meeting. Rick spoke about the Okapi project in Zaire in which he was involved from 1984-88. A female, named Mateso, was captured and brought to San Diego in 1985. She gave birth in May of this year to a male, named Makubasi. Makubasi was named after a pygmy chief in the Ituri Forest who helped capture Mateso, the mother. Makubasi is a very important addition to the captive breeding group. There are 32 Okapis in North American zoos, with 11 in the Society (8 at the Wild Animal Park and 3 at the Zoo). -Mary Dural, Chapter Liaison In Memorial On July 12th, the San Diego Chapter of AAZK lost one of its members, Cheryl Nix, after a year and a half courageous battle with cancer. After graduating from Washington State University, Cheryl began her animal career in 1980 at Wildlife Safari in Winston, OR. There she trained and presented animals for educational programs, traveling over much of the Pacific Northwest. In 1983 she moved to the San Diego area to pursue her career at the San Diego Wild Animal Park, again in educational animal presentations. Since January 1987 she had co-directed, with her husband Dave Nix, Rare and Wild Presentations, Inc., a non-profit educational organization that presents the Rare and Wild America show at the Wild Animal Park. Cheryl was a dedicated animal trainer who cared deeply about animal care, always striving to improve the physical and psychological conditions of her animals. In addition she was extremely open to sharing her knowledge, experience and time and welcomed the 369 Chapter News. Continued opportunity to introduce her “special charges” to friends and visitors. Her professional and gentle handling fostered respect for the animals she cared for so much. She was an inspiration and a teacher to many of us. Cheryl was remembered affectionately in a memorial service held at the San Diego Wild Animal Park, fittingly overlooking the field enclosures of the park's wild animals. She will be missed by all those who knew her. -Terri Peterson, SDWAP Metro Boston Zoos AAZK Chanter Officers for the MetroBoston AAZK Chapter are: President. ....Sandy Elliot Vice Pres.. ...Ed O'Brien Treasurer Gail Janeczek Secretary Tom Aversa Work continues on the Keeper Slide Show and the Chapter has put together a perspective member package to use in membership recruitment. At the Chapter's August meeting, Lyna Watson of the New England Primate Center spoke on environmental enrichment in captive primates. In September, the Chapter heard a presentation by Richard Doherty, the MetroPark Zoo's horticulturist. f \ ATTENTION ALL CHAPTERS!! If you have received correspondence from the Internal Revenue Service concerning an Employee Identification Number (EIN) issued to your Chapter, please contact Administrative Offices as soon as possible. The Association has filed forms with the ; IRS to obtain ETNs for all of our Chapters as this is the first | step required in our pursuit of a Group Exemption Letter which will give all our Chapters non-profit status . We had requested that the EIN numbers be sent to AO so that they could be forwarded to all Chapters with a letter of explanation and instructions on use of the EIN number. However, we have been made aware that a number of Chapters have received the IRS correspondence directly. If this is the case with your Chapter, DO NOT PANIC as there is no problem, but please do contact AO for instructions. You can call Administrative Secretary Barbara Manspeaker on our toll-free number 1-800-242-4519. The Chapter continues to sell T-shirts and is ordering sweatshirts featuring their logo, -Keeper News . May -Sept 1990 Where To Purchase Chapter Products AAZK Logo Coffee Mugs - Milwaukee County Zoo AAZK Chapter, 10001 W. Bluemound Rd., Milwaukee, WI 53226. $5.50 each. AAZK ”1 Zoo! Zoo You?” Bumper Stickers - High Plains AAZK Chapter, Lee Richardson Zoo, c/o Joanna Bower, P.O. Box 499, Garden City, KS 67846. $2.50 each. AAZK Magnetic Keeper Safety Signs - Flint Hills AAZK Chapter, Sunset Zoo, 11th & Poyntz, Manhattan, KS 66502. $10.85 each plus $1.00 P&H. AAZK Logo T-Shirts ($8.50), Sweatshirts ($18.00) and Colder Holders ($3.50) - Little Rock Chapter AAZK, Little Rock Zoo, #1 Jonesboro Dr., Little Rock, AR 72205. AAZK Logo Auto Decals and Stickers - Mill Mountain AAZK Chapter, Mill Mountain Zoo, Inc., P. O. Box 13484, Roanoke, VA 24034. Decals - $2.50 each; Stickers $1.50 lg/$0.75 small. 370 ELECTION 91 WE WANT YOU! Do you wish to help your professional organization? Become an AAZK Board Member. Three seats are up for election - those held by Oliver Claffey, Frank Kohn and Bob Debets, whose terms expire 31 December, 1991. New Board members will serve a four-year term from 1 January 1992 through 31 December 1995. Why is this first call for nominations so early? TIME is the answer. Nominations, candidates verification and tallying mailed ballots require time. We also wish to notify winners early enough to allow them to make arrangements to attend the National AAZK Conference before they assume office the following January. This will enable the new Board Members to become familiar with Board responsibilities and AAZK activities before they assume responsibility for our organization. Duties of the Board of Directors For a more detailed explanation of the expanded duties of the Board, refer to the By-Laws (available upon request from Administrative Offices in Topeka, KS). 1) Select, appoint or remove officers, committees, agents and employees of the Association, including - prescribing powers and duties. 2) To control and manage the Association and its property, passing upon acquisition and disbursements with approval of a majority of the Board. 3) To formulate policies, rules and regulations in accord with the Constitution & By-Laws. 4) To uphold the Constitution of AAZK and the policies of the Association. 5) To appear at Board meetings, to accept Board assignments and to devote the time to communications pertinent to all Board business, including answering correspondence promptly and efficiently. Qualifications for Nomination 1) Nominee must be a Professional Member of AAZK and must have been a member of the Association for at least one year. 2) Nominee must be presently employed as an animal keeper/attendant by a recognized zoological institution or aquarium in the U.S. or Canada and must have been in the zoological field for at least two years. Nomination Procedure 1) Nominator Form: a. List the name of the nominee, phone, address, and institution. b) State in 150 words or less the reason(s) why the nominee warrants election to the Board of Directors. c) Nominator signs forms and mails to NEC Chairperson. d) Notifies nominee that they nominated him/her for the Board. 2) Nominee Biographical Form: a) Professional background: places of employment, length of service, titles. b) Membership in AAZK: National and local chapters, number of years, offices held, involvement in activities. c) Educational background. d) Membership in Affiliate Organizations: (AAZPA, Audubon, etc.) e) Other information the nominee feels is pertinent. f) References (one or two) g) Nominee signs forms and mailed to NEC Chairperson. NOTE: Candidate is ineligible for nomination if both the nominator and nominee biographical forms are not complete and returned to the NEC Chairperson by 31 January 1991. Forms are in this issue of AKF or may be obtained from the NEC Chairperson. Send competed forms to: David Luce, Fresno Zoo, 894 W. Belmont, Fresno, CA 93728. Nomination Form for AAZK Board of Directors Qualifications. for Nomination; 1) Nominee must be a Professional Member of AAZK and must have been a member of the Association for at least one year. 2) Nominee must be presently employed as an animal keeper/attendant by a recognized zoological institution or aquarium in the U.S. or Canada and must have been in the zoological field for at least two years. 1. Name of Nominee: _ Address: Phone: Institution: — Director: 2. State in 150 words or less the reason(s) why the nominee warrants election to the AAZK Board of directors. 3. Signature of Nominator: 4. Form must be received by the NEC Chairperson bv 31 January 1991. Send to: David Luce, Fresno Zoo, 894 W. Belmont, Fresno, CA 93728. Nominee Biographical Form for AAZK Board of Directors (To be completed by Nominee) 1. Name: _ Address: Phone: _ PLEASE LIST THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION 2. Professional Background: (places of employment, length of service, titles) 3. Membership in AAZK: a) National: number of years Activities: b) Local Chapters): number of years, offices held, involvement in activities. 4. Educational Background: 5. Memberships in Affiliate Organizations: (AAZPA, Audubon, etc.) 6. Other information the nominee feels to be pertinent: 7. References (one or two): gave name, address and phone number where they can be reached: 8. Nominee's Signature: 9. Form must be received by NEC Chair bv 31 January 1991. Send form to: David Luce, Fresno Zoo, 894 W. Belmont, Fresno, CA 93728. AAZK Book Sale The Beardsley Zoo Chapter of the American Association of Zoo Keepers is once again offering selected publications for sale at discount prices. To purchase any of these books, please list the book(s) you want and send with a check or money order payable to AAZK Book Sale, Beardsley Zoo, 1875 Noble Ave., Bridgeport, CT 06610. Please include shipping and handling fees of $2 for the first book and $1 for each additional book. Orders must be received by 31 December 1990. 50 Simple Things You Can Do To Save The Earth: Earthworks Group. ..with compelling simplicity, this book lists techniques that an individual can utilize to actually make a difference in the effort to save our environment. Sug. price $4.95, AAZK price $3.95. The Amateur Naturalist: Gerald Durrell... takes the reader on a walking tour through the full range of natural environments from the home to tropical forests. Sug. price $29.95, AAZK price $23.95. Plants that Poison: Ervin Schmutz... tells how to identify, where they may be found, symptoms and treatment. Sug price $11.95, AAZK price $9.75. Where Have All the Birds Gone?: John Terbourgh... essential reading for all who care about migratory birds and our natural environment. Sug. price $14.95, AAZK price $11.95. Save the Birds: Diamond, Schrebor, Cronkite, Peterson. ..perhaps the most beautiful book ever published about the ecological crisis facing the earth today. Sug. price $40.00, AAZK price $32.00. Elephant Memories: Cynthia Moss... a moving and exciting narrative of fifteen years in the lives of these complex and wonderful animals. Sug. price $10.95, AAZK price $8.75. Natural History of Whales & Dolphins: Peter Evans. ..covers evolution, classification, distribution, feeding habits, social organization and behavior. Sug. price $24.95, AAZK price $19.95. Encyclopedia of Reptiles & Amphibians: Halliday and Adler... a complete and definitive survey of these two classes of animals, once the dominant life-form on earth. Sug. price $24.95, AAZK price $19.95. World of Robert Bateman: Ramsey Derry.. .entirely new selection of over 90 paintings express the full range of Bateman's travels and talents. Sug. price $50.00, AAZK price $40.00. Life Histories of North American Birds: Blackbirds. Orioles. Tanagers and their Allies: Arthur Bent.. .contains detailed descriptions of habitat, range, habits and relationship to man. Sug. price $11.95, AAZK price $9.55. ORDERS MUST BE RECEIVED BY 31 DECEMBER 1990. 371 Book Review Colors in the Wild National Wildlife Federation, 1988 1412 Sixteenth Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20036-2266 156 pages Hardback $21.95 Review By Melba T. Brown Elephant Keeper National Zoological Park Washington, DC Colors in the Wild, as the title suggests, is a photographic celebration of flora and fauna in their natural environment. At first glimpse, the ‘viewer’ is struck by the sheer beauty of the subjects; however, upon closer inspection it becomes increasingly more apparent that colors play a significant role in the natural world. At the beginning of the book are several pages describing the value of colors among plant and animal life. Much information is transmitted through coloration. For instance, sexes can be identified as well as relative ages of individuals. Colors can also provide protection against predation as in camouflage. In many cases, pollination is facilitated by vivid colors. These are just a few examples of the importance of coloration among wildlife. The book has sections which are arranged according to color: red, yellow, green, brown, blue, orange, black and white (shades), pink and multicolored. Respective images include a uakari monkey; slingjaw wrasse; mayapple leaves; brown bears; humpback whales; golden toads; Queen Anne's lace; hawk moth; and, a parrotfish. The pictures have accompanying captions. Many photographers contributed to this book. It is of the utmost quality and the images are clear, sharp and spectacular. I recommend Colors in the Wild to everyone, especially nature lovers, students of photography and artists. 372 Windhoek/Etosha Pans/Waterburg/Koakoveld Skeleton Coast/Swakopmund/Johannesburg Departure New York, February 19, 1991 for 19 days of Excitement 1 day spent on a private guest farm, most excellent area for birding 4 days in the Etosha Pans Area salt pan - an enormous shallow depression over 100 km across with numerous perennial springs around its edges. Here large concentrations of game and birdlife will whet your appetite. 3 days camping in the Damaraland area, looking for the desert elephant, black rhino and viewing rock paintings, large specimen of the well known ancient plant - Welwitschia Mirabillis. 1 4 days on the Skeleton Coast, wind swept sand dunes, open gravel plains and treacherous coastline. A region of rare beauty, with canyons, sand-dunes and small groups of hardy desert animals. The Cape Cross seal colony, where seals breed in their tens of thousands. Wander around the lively old town of Swakopmund and visit Walvis Bay with time for fishing. 2 days in the Johannesburg area with optional tours to the world famous Pretoria and Johannesburg Zoos, to meet your colleagues and friends. Total Safari Cost, Land/Air $2895.00 per person double occupancy CALL FOR MORE INFORMATION 1-800-323-8020 P.O.Box 178, Bloomingdale, IL 60108 The Importance of Sequence of Cage Visitation in a Zoo By G. Mitchell , Fred Herring, Chris Tromborg Department of Psychology University of California, Davis and Laurie Neville Primate Department Sacramento Zoo, Sacramento, CA Abstract Two-hundred and seventy-seven parties of visitors took varied routes through a primate complex. Most visitors did not view all of the primate cages, half saw only half of them. The percentage of cages viewed was related to the sequence of cage visitation. If the visitors began their primate viewing at one of several possible exhibits, 93% of them continued on to other primate exhibits. At another beginning site only 58% of them did so. Careful consideration of visitor traffic flow is important to visitor education in a zoo. InJmjufldfla Research has begun on the effects of zoo visitors on the behavior of primates and other zoo animals (Chamove, Hosey, and Schaetzel, 1988; Mitchell et al., 1988). Research has also begun on the effects of cage location and visitation sequence on visitor attendance with especial attention being addressed toward how such factors might ultimately affect the behavior of the animals and on husbandry and research issues affected by visitorship (Mitchell et al., in press). But visitor attendance, cage location, and sequence of cage visitation are also pertinent to another major mission of the zoo, that of public education. Our goal of an education department in a zoological park should be to ensure that the greatest percentage possible of zoo visitors view all or most of the exhibits, and view them in a pattern most efficient for learning. Why have the animals on display if people cannot locate them, view them, and learn about them? The current research examined visitation sequences in the monkey and lemur (not ane) area of the Sacramento Zoo. The goal of the research was to determine the best path or sequence of visitation from an educational perspective. The specific question asked was "Which sequence of cage visitation best ensured that the visitors viewed all non-ape primate exhibits?" Methods Subjects and apparatus The Sacramento Zoo's non-ape primate enclosures are arranged as illustrated in Figure 1. Four identical cages from this primate complex were selected for observation. These four cages were labeled cages 1 through 4 as seen in Figure 1. Cages 1 and 2 contained golden- bellied mangabeys ( Cercocebus galeritus chrysogaster ). Cage 3 contained ring-tailed Itemurs C Lemur catta ), and Cage 4 contained spot-nosed monkeys ( Cercopithecus ascanius schmidti). But the subjects of this study were the parties of visitors at the primate complex. The animals themselves were not subjects of this study. 374 The in a ZOO. Continued 375 Figure 1. Physical layout of the Sacramento Zoo's non-ape primate area. The Importance of Sequence of Cage Visitation in a Zoo. Continued Procedures Each party of people was monitored by a student observer from a centrally located observation site as the party progressed from at least one of the four above-mentioned cages to each of the other cages or out of the primate complex. Each observer remained at the observation site for 90 minutes, noting the size of each party and the sequence of the cages visited. This interval appeared to be more than sufficient time for a party to return to see those animals it might have missed on the first pass. The sequence of cages visited by each party, regardless of party size, was indicated by each observer on a standard scoring sheet by using the designated cage numbers 1,2 3, and 4 and the letter N (meaning none). The letter N indicated that the party of visitors in question had left the primate complex. For example, the date sequence 6[2-l-4-N] meant that a party of six people (of any composition) first appeared at cage 2, then cage 1, then cage 4, and then out of the primate area without seeing cage 3. A total of 227 parties were monitored by five observers. A high level of inter-observer agreement was attained in both party size and visitation sequence primarily because of the simplicity of the sampling procedure. Results In visiting the primate complex containing African monkeys and Madagascan lemurs, the parties could and did approach the complex from any one of several different directions denoted by arrows in Figure 1 . Any one of the four cages selected for observation could be the first cage visited. Cage 3 was approached first by 36% of the parties, cage 1 first by 29%, cage 2 first by 25%, but only 10% approached cage 4 first (see Table 1). Even after stopping at its first primate cage a party could move in any of the four different directions, to one of the three remaining cages (including via other cages within the complex) or to elsewhere in the zoo. Table 2 presents a summary of the cage visit sequence of the 277 parties followed, arranged from the most frequency seen visit sequence to the least frequently seen. Note the frequent use of the letter N. The four most popular sequences (accounting for almost 54% of the parties) involved people who did not see all four of the cages monitored. In fact, almost 86% of the parties did not see all of the primates, missing at least one of the monitored cages. Table 1 also depicts all of the directions of movement into and eventually out of the primate complex organized by beginning cage. Note that, particularly for first visits to cage 3 (and to a lesser extent for cage 1), visitors failed to go on to the other monitored cages in the primate complex. That is, they left the complex to go elsewhere in the zoo or else went to other non-monitored cages and then left. If af)arty visited cage 4 first on the other hand, it was less likely to leave the primate complex before visiting at least one other cage near cage 4 (cage 2 or cage 1). This difference is clear as early in the sequence as the second move (see Table 3). Related to the above movement patterns is the most popular two-cage composite sequence of cages 2 then 4 or 4 then 2. This composite accounted for 65 of 277 or 23.5% of all parties' first two visits. The composite 1-4 or 4-1 accounted for an additional 22% of them (see Table 4). If the visitors began their monkey viewing at cage 4 (and only 10% of them did so), 93% of them stayed to view at least one more primate cage nearby in the complex (see Table 3). In contrast, for more distant cage 3, first visitation resulted in only 58% further viewing of monitored enclosures. 376 The Importance of Sequence of Cage Visitation in a Zoo. Continued Table 1. Directions of movement of parties in (noted by cage number) and eventually out of (noted by N) the primate complex, organized by beginning cage . Beginning with caae 1 Beginning with caae 2 1-4-2-N - 37 2-4-1-N = 41 1-N-N-N = 29 2-N-N-N = 16 1-4-N-N = 8 2 -4 -N-N = 7 1-4-2-3 - 4 2-4-1-3 = 4 1-2-N-N = 2 2-4-3-N - 1 80 (29% of parties) 69 (25% of parties) Beginning with caae 3 Beginning with caae 4 3-N-N-N - 42 4 -1 -N-N = 7 3 -1-4 -2 = 21 4-2-N-N = 6 3-1-N-N - 7 4-2-1-N = 6 3-4-1-N = 6 4-1-2-N « 6 3-4-2-N = 5 4-N-N-N = 2 3-2-4-1 - 5 27 (10% of parties) 3-4-2-1 = 5 3-2-N-N = 3 3-4 -N-N = 2 3_4_1_2 = 2 3-2-4-N = 2 v 3-1-4-N = 1 101 (36% of parties) TOTAL = 277 parties 377 The Importance of Sequence of Cage Visitation in a Zoo. Continued Table 2. Most common sequences of visitation for the four cages. Rank Sequence Mmnkex qL Parties 1 3-N-N-N 42 v First four sequences 2 2-4-1-N 41 for 149/277 = 53.79% 3 1-4-2-N 37 / parties 4 1-N-N-N 29 5 3-1-4-2 21 6 2-N-N-N 16 7 1-4-N-N 8 8 3-1-N-N 7 9 2-4-N-N 7 10 4-1-N-N 7 11 4-2-N-N 6 12 4-2-1-N 6 13 3-4-1-N 6 14 4-1-2-N 6 15 3-4-2-N 5 16 3-2-4-1 5 17 3-4-2-1 5 18 1-4-2-3 4 19 2-4-1-3 4 20 3-2-N-N 3 21 1-2-N-N 2 22 3-4-N-N 2 23 4-N-N-N 2 24 3-4-1-2 2 25 3-2-4-N 2 26 3-1-4-N 1 27 2-4-3-N 1 Total = 277 parties account of the 378 The Importance of Sequence of Cage Visitation in a Zoo. Continued Table 3. Directions of movement around primate complex: First two moves Cage 1 to cage ? 1-4=49 1 - N = 29 (out of primate area) 1 - 2 = 2 80 = 29% of 277 parties 51/80 = 641 do not leave after first visit Cage 2 to cage ? 2 - 4 = 53 2 - N = 16 (out of primate area) 69 = 25% of 277 parties 53/69 - 77% do not leave after first visit Case.. 3-JLfl_.cagflL.-2 3 - N = 42 (out of primate area) 3 - 1 = 29 3 - 4 = 20 3-2-10 101 = 36% of 277 parties 59/101 = only 58% do not leave after first visit 4 - 1 = 13 4 - 2 = 12 4 - N = 2 (out of primate area) 27 = 10% of 277 parties 25/27 = 93% do not leave after first visit TOTAL = 277 parties This is partly explained by the fact that while there were primate cages near cage 3, they were not monitored by observers. A complete understanding of sequence effects is attained only when the monitored cages are viewed as two individual sub-groups of cages. Cages 1, 2 and 4 are located in proximity to one another, whereas cage 3 is at least 50 feet away from the other three. In examining sequence of visitation by cage sub-group, as depicted in Table 5, a beginning at cage 3 actually resulted in a greater probability of the other sub-group of primate cages being visited than did first visits to any of the other three cages 1 ,2 or 4. It did not matter which of the three cages (1,2 or 4) in the African monkey sub-complex was visited first, the visitors were all equally likely to visit the other monkey cages and equally unlikely to appear at the lemur cage (cage 3). 379 The Importance of Sequence of Cage Visitationm a Zqq» Continued Table 4. Directions of movement around the primate cages by two-cage composite sequences These 5 routes accounted for 81.5% of all movement . Also 3-4 - 20/277 accounted for 7% and 2-N = 16/277 for 5.5%. So 7 travel routes accounted for 94% of all movement. Other routes 3-2 = 10/277 - 3.5% 1-2 - 2/277 4-N - 2/277 4/277 < 2% There were 277 parties in all. There were also overall differences in the numbers of parties appearing at the four cages. The pattern 3-N-N-N was the most frequent sequence observed, yet cage 3 did not receive the most visiting parties, cage 1 did. In fact, cage 3 had significantly fewer total parties (110) than each of the other three cages monitored (cage 1 =192, cage 2 = 173, cage 4 = 178) (X2 = 24.39, df = 3, p < .01). These last three cages did not differ in attendance, either in numbers of parties (numbers seen above) or in numbers of total visitors ( cage 1 = 615, cage 2 = 573, cage 4 = 589). The total number of visitors recorded at cage 3 was also significantly lower (391 ) (X2 = 57.75, df = 3, p , 0.1). What this means is that, of the 277 parties, only about 40% of them stopped at cage 3, 69% at cage 1, 62.5% at cage 2, and 64.5% at cage 4. There was an overall nonsignificant relationship between the sequence of visitation and the number of parties ( r = .16). In terms of total visitor numbers, only 391 of 932 visitors, or 43%, stopped at cage 3, 66% at cage 1, 61.5% at cage 2, and 63% at cage 4. 380 The Importance of Sequence of Cage Visitation in a Zoo. Continued Table 5. Directions of movement I. Between sub-complexes of cages and II. Within a sub-complex of cages I. Between sub-complexes A. Cage 3 vs. Cage 1 Begin at cage 3 47 54 (N = 101) B. Cage 3 vs. Cage 2 Go to cage 3. Never see cage 3 Begin at cage 2 5 64 (N = 69) Go to cage 2 Never see caoe 2 25.25 . 01 Begin at cage 3 (N = 101) 43 58 C. Cage 3 vs. Cage 4 Never see cage 3 Begin at cage 4 0 27 (N = 27) GO to cage 4. Never see cage 4 21.22 . 01 Begin at cage 3 (N = 101) 49 52 II. Within sub-complexes D. Cage 1 vs. Cage 2 Never see cage 2 X2 £ Begin at cage 1 43 37 (N - 80) GO to cage 1 Never see cage 1 2.05 NS Begin at cage 2 (N = 69) 45 24 381 The Importance of Sequence of Cage Visitation in a Zoo. Continued Table 5. (continued) E. Cage 1 vs. Cage 4 Go to cage 4 Begin at cage 1 49 (N = 80) .Gq... to .cage 1 Never see c.age_.l 0.72 ns Begin at cage 4 19 8 (N - 27) F. Cage 2 vs. Cage 4 Go to cage 4 Never see cage 4 Begin at cage 2 53, 16 (N = 69) Go... to .cage . 2 Never see cage 2 1.04 NS Begin at cage 4 18 9 (N = 27) Discussion In this study, 85.3% of the parties monitored missed visiting at least one of the four primate cages and 47% overlooked at least two of them. This means that only 15% of the subjects visited all of the primates and only 50% visited half of them. One goal of this zoo has been to encourage people to see as many exhibits as possible. This study indicates that this goal is not being met in all areas of the zoo. The nonsignificant relationship ( r = .16) between sequence of visitation and total visitation, as noted, was mainly a result of the remarkable popularity of the sequence 3-N-N-N combined with the paradoxical low attendance overall for cage 3 (both for number of parties and total attendance). The low attendance at cage 3 remained despite the fact that average party size was not smaller at that site and despite the fact that observations continued for 90 minutes thus allowing time for individuals to return to cages they had previously missed. Many visitors to the Sacramento Zoo remain at the zoo for only 90 minutes. Hence, this was a sufficiently long sampling interval. Clearly just because a cage is seen first most often does not mean that it is viewed by the most people overall. In addition to sequence of visitation other factors determine total attendance (see, e.g., Mitchell et al., in press, for location effects). Cage 3 was seen first by the greatest percentage of parties (36%) yet only 40% of all parties in this sample ever stopped at that cage. Cage 1 on the other hand was seen first by only 29% of the parties but 69% of the people eventually did see it. How does one improve on these percentages? When only 15% of the public experiences all of the exhibits in an area, perhaps traffic patterns are at fault. Graphics, which aid in directing traffic (e.g., PRIMATES; ONE WAY TRAFFIC THIS WAY ) should improve total visitation. Changes in fence or shrub location might also help guide or direct people toward paths that would increase exposure to more of the animals. A directed sequence of cage visitation is not, of course, intended to increase the number of visitors at any specific cage or cages but rather to increase the variety of animals seen by those sub- groups of visitors who currently follow paths which make it nearly impossible for them to grasp the meaning of the whole grouping of displays available. Never see cage 4 31 382 The Importance of Sequence of Cage Visitation in a Zoo, Continued Any zoo which groups its cages or exhibits according to some theme (Le. zoogeopgrahie commonality) would prefer that the public appreciate the gestalt intended. In this case, if comparative primatology is the theme being addressed, greater appreciation could be achieved by ordering the enclosure sequence in ways to maximize visitorship. If one sees only lemurs and then departs for far-off non-primate places (3-N-N-N) one misses the point that prosimians are primates and are to be compared with monkeys. The chances that a point such as this might be missed apparently increase when there are several possible routes into an organized group of displays (primates) rather than a carefully orchestrated signed, fenced, shrubbed, single common route for visitors to travel. While this may appear rigid and manipulative to some, the zoo has taken on a mission to educate, and improving visitor flow may be one effective means to this end. The average visitor's stay at each exhibit is remarkably short, we must do what we can with a brief snapshot. Of course, while careful fencing and graphics may help ensure that any intended lesson is learned, whether such alterations are made depend on other than purely pedagogical considerations. Research, husbandry, monetary costs of change, traffic congestion, effects of proximate exhibits, and access for emergency and maintenance often take precedence over education. But the increasing role of the zoological garden in educating the public about conservation should result in greater emphasis on educational efficacy. Acknowledgements Valerie Austin, Vicki Thorrens, Kim Jones, Cheryle Kerksieck, and Jennifer Evenson did much of the observing; Patricia Jones watched the children. G. Mitchell proposed the study, supervised it, analyzed the data, and wrote the first draft. The staff of the Sacramento Zoo, under its new director, Maria Baker, was, as usual, very supportive. Cheryl Winn, the education curator, has also encouraged us. References Chamove, A.S.; Hosey, G.R.; Schaetzel, P. Visitors excite primates in zoos. ZOO BIOLOGY 7(4): 359-370, 1988. Mitchell, G.; Soteriou, S.; Kenney, L.; Towers, S.; Schumer, C.; Dillin, L.; Guse, K. Golden-bellied mangabeys (Cercocebus galeritus chrysogaster) at the Sacramento Zoo: Adult heterosexual pairs. ZOO BIOLOGY 7(1): 1-13, 1988. Mitchell, G.; Obradovich, S.; Sumner, D.; DeMorris, K.; Lofton, L.; Minor, J,; Cotton, L.; Foster, T.; Cage location effects on visitor attendance at three Sacramento Zoo mangabey enclosures. ZOO BIOLOGY 8(4), in press. 9 Information Please The AAZK Videotape Project needs to make copies of available tapes. These tapes need to be copied onto VHS format from 3/4 inch masters. We have been searching for a source that can make tape copies for us with minimum cost. If anyone knows of a source for making videotape copies, please contact Susan Chan at AO, 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606 or call 1-800-242-4519. I am looking for information on Fish or Marine Tuberculosis and its effects on people. Do you have any information or know of anyone who has contracted the disease? Is is curable? Can it be controlled? If you have any information on this disease, please send to: Grant Tkaachuk, 10139 - 157 Street, #206, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T5P 2T9. 383 Legislative Outlook By John Stoddard AAZK Legislative Advisor Brookfield, IL ESA protection for desert tortoise The desert tortoise ( Gopherus agassizii ) has received much attention since the Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) took emergency action to list the Mojave population as Endangered on 4 August 1989. During the 240-day life of the emergency rule, the Service studied the tortoise and its habitat, sought public input, and prepared a proposal to provide long-term Endangered Species Act (ESA) protection to the population. On 2 April 1990, a final rule was published in the Federal Register listing the Mojave population of the desert tortoise as Threatened. The Beaver Dam Slope subpopulation in Utah, which was listed as Threatened with Critical Habitat in 1980, is included as part of the greater Mojave population under this rule and is not treated separately; the area designated as Critical Habitat in 1980 will remain in effect. The Mojave population, at least 50 percent of which is found on land managed by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), has been declining for many years, primarily due to increasing human activity. Urbanization, energy development, mining, conversion of land to agriculture, livestock grazing, off-road vehicle recreation, and military activities have destroyed or degraded tortoise habitat. The growth of Las Vegas and other communities in the western Mojave is expected to continue, which will further reduce the tortoise’s available habitat. Roads are fragmenting the remaining tortoise habitat, making the subpopulations more vulnerable. Other threats include illegal collection, vandalism (including shooting and the crushing of tortoises under vehicles), the spread of a fatal upper respiratory disease syndrome, and increasing predation of juvenile tortoises by common ravens ( Corvus corax) and other species. There is normally little difference in the protection given to an Endangered versus a Threatened species under the ESA. Anyone taking, attempting to take, or otherwise illegally possessing a desert tortoise without a permit will be subject to the same penalties as if the population were listed as Endangered. Section 7 of the Act also will continue to protect the species from Federal actions that could jeopardize its survival. > From USFWS Endangered Species Technical Bulletin (May, 1990) National Wildlife Refuge System Act A 1989 report by the U. S. General Accounting Office (GAO) found that wildlife in the national wildlife refuges had been unquestionably harmed by incompatible activities allowed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), the agency with jurisdiction over the nation’s 452 wildlife refuges. The report, entitled “Continuind Problems with Incompatible Uses Calls for Bold Action,” cited such harmful activities as oil and gas development, off-road vehicle use, boating, military exercises, excessive recreation, and farming. 384 Legislative News. Continued In response, Representative Gerry Studds (D-MA) has introduced the National Wildlife Refuge System Act, H.R. 4948, which requires the FWS to base compatibility determinations solely on biological criteria, and prohibits activities for which the agency does not have adequate information to make a compatibility determination. H.R. 4948 lays out a detailed process for making compatibility determinations, stipulating that those determinations are to be made using biological criteria and based on scientific information, and ensures public review and comment of the findings. The bill will give the FWS clear authority to stop or not initially permit activities which are determined to be incompatible. > From Sierra Club National News on EcoNet computer network Biodiversity bill hearings The House Merchant Marine and Fisheries Subcommittee conducted a hearing on 31 July to consider the National Biological Diversity Conservation & Research Act, H.R. 1268. This bill establishes a broad national policy to define and to promote biological diversity — preserving entire threatened or endangered ecosystems as well as individual species. H.R. 1268 would: require federal agencies to review existing programs and develop a coordinated strategy to maintain biological diversity, require environmental impact statements to include this principle of biological diversity, and establish and support a National Center for Biological Diversity and Conservation Research within the Smithsonian Institution (see Sep. 90 AKF). A companion bill in the Senate, S. 2368, was introduced in late March and is now being considered by the Senate Environment Committee. > From Sierra Club National News on EcoNet computer network. Oil spill liability legislation becomes law A Senate-House conference committee tied up many months of work towards oil spill liability and compensation legislation just in time for the August recess. The bill was signed into law by the President on 18 August. The new law establishes high liability limits for carriers responsible for oil spills, creates a billion-dollar fund to cover cleanup costs and compensatory damages if costs exceed the spiller’s liability, and provides for response centers and research into preventative measures. New oil tankers will be required to have double hulls and older tankers must be retrofitted with double hulls within 25 years. Also included in the new law is a provision that the federal regulations do not take precedence over state laws that have higher liability limits and/or standards and a provision calling for an audit of the Alaska pipeline system. > From Sierra Club National News on EcoNet computer network. * 385 Husbandry and Display Potential of the Amazon Tree Boa (Corallus enydris enydris) BY Al Winstel 2651 Cornwall Dr. Cincinnati, OH 45231 The bizarre head shape, rainbow of colors, and ease of care exhibited by the Amazon tree boa ( Corallus enydris enydris ) first captured my interest 5 years ago. Since then, I have produced over 30 of these two meter long animals with their thin, horizontally compressed bodies, large colorful eyes, and chunky wedge-shaped heads. Colors have ranged from unpatterned yellow, orange, and gray to heavily blotched black on white, green on orange, and black on red. Field observation by R. Henderson (1990) on the closely related Cook's tree boa ( Corallus e. cookii ) suggests that members of this species are nocturnal, arboreal hunters and inhabit a wide variety of habitats from old growth forest to the edges of cities. The combined range of the 2 subspecies include much of Central and South America plus the West Indies. My specimens also become active at night, spending the day in a hide box on the enclosure floor or on elevated shelves when these are available. They seldom sleep coiled tightly on horizontal branches or dowels in the cage as is characteristic of the Emerald Tree Boa (■ Corallus caninus). Individuals of the Cook's subspecies do seem to use horizontal perches more, but this may be a result of their origin (my Cook's were wild-caught, while most of my Amazons are captive bred). A green on orange male and black on gray female (below right) from the same litter. (Photo by A Winstel) A cage size which has proven itself acceptable is 91cm long by 90cm wide by 71cm high. Greater height would allow more foraging room and probably be appreciated by the animals. Specimens have been raised to breeding age (2-3 years) and bred in even smaller enclosures. Either newspaper or screened cypress mulch is used as a substrate and climbing perches, dowels, and/or shelves are provided along with Vitalite® radiation and a substrate heat source (Hot Rock®). If misting cannot be done 2-3X per day, shedding problems may be encountered. A successful approach to increasing humidity has been to place a piece of plastic airline tubing in the water container and connect this to a small aquarium air pump. The pump is mounted on the wall rather than the enclosure to minimize cage vibration. Although I have not tried it, a cool mist vaporizer would probably be another way to raise the humidity. Base room temperature is 78-80° F. Different photoperiods have been tried, the most recent being 12L:12D. 386 Husbandry and Display Potential of the Amazon Tree Boa. Continued Copulation in my facility takes place in February and March, The male wraps his prehensile tail and cloacal region around the female's. Their forebodies seem to take variable positions and no “twitching” of their bodies has been observed. In early summer gravid females spend the bulk of their time on the heat source and become even more irritable than normal (these animals seldom become trustworthy enough for bare handed handling and are best moved with 2 cage hooks - use of 1 hook will result in the rear half of the animal wrapped around the cage furnishings). Litters in my facility arrived during the period September through December and have ranged from 1 to 12 live young with infertile eggs fairly common and stillborn young uncommon. Infertile eggs seem to occur when younger males are involved. The neonates measure approximately 543-570mm and can be convinced to take dead pink or fuzzy mice, sometimes as soon as a few days after birth. These snakes seem to rely heavily on their labial pits for prey identification and warming a thawed rodent's nose under a lamp often turns a disinterested snake into a good feeder. Unheated fresh killed or live prey may also be taken. Offering a rat pink or small domestic finch may also be effective in getting a juvenile to feed. The young animals can add up to a foot in length the first year. Two juvenile (green on orange to the left and black on gray to the right) along with their mother (dark green on dark orange). (Photo by A. Winstel) Although my specimens have not been on display, the great color variation and bizarre head shape of Amazon tree boas suggest that a group of differently colored and patterned animals could make an interesting display. Though not at present rare in the wild (Henderson, 1990) and therefore not deserving of exhibit space on this basis, a tree boa display could be used to illustrate polymorphism in reptiles and provide useful data on pattern inheritance if only one male were housed with a number of females. Specimens (often captive bred) are usually available from dealers or captive breeders at minimal cost. If wild-caught animals with locality data are used, retention of such information might later be of use to researchers working on the adaptive significance of the Amazon tree boa's miraculous color variations. Literature Cited Henderson, R. 1990. Tree Boas on Grenada: The Colorful Puzzle. Bull. Chicago Her. Soc. 2£(2): 21-24. 387 Institutions wishing to advertise employment opportunities are asked to send pertinent data by the 15th of each month to: Opportunity Knocks /AKF. 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606. Please include closing dates for positions available. There is no charge for this service and phone-in listings of positions which become available close to deadline are accepted. Our phone is 1-800-242-4519. Our FAX is 913-272-2539 SENIOR. ANIMAL KEEPER.-. strong background in Mammal, Bird, and Herptile husbandry essential. Duties include management of primate collection housed in hospital and quarantine of all incoming animals; responsible for day-to-day management of staff of 3 including organizing schedules along with good communications skills between vet and staff; animal keeper duties required. Two years’ paid experience in the care and handling of animals (non-pet related) and bachelor's degree in biology, zoology, animal science or veterinary technology required. One year's supervisory experience in related field preferred. Send resume to: Personnel Dept., Baltimore Zoo, Druid Hill Park, Baltimore, MD 21217. ANIMAL & REPTILE KEEPER. ..requires high school diploma, prefer someone with previous zoo experience. Good communication skills and neat appearance essential. Duties include but not limited to: the daily care and feeding of small and large mammals and reptiles; exhibit cleaning and maintenance; some construction; and giving tours to the public May-Oct. Starting salary $12,870.00 plus health insurance. Resumes accepted until position is filled. Send to: Jim Miller, Soco Gardens Zoo, Rt. 1, Box 355, Maggie Valley, NC 28751. SENIQRZQQKEEPER/Educa lion Section - requires high school/GED diploma, two years’ experience in zoo animal care, good communication skills and familiarity with a variety of AV equipment, including studio/video cameras and editing system. Two-year degree in AV communication preferred. Will assist in the production of in-house video programs and operations procedures handbook and do scripting, shooting and editing. Responsible for care/maintenance of AV equipment, biofacts, slides and videotapes. Send resume to: Robert Callahan, Curator, Houston Zoo, 1513 North McGregor, Houston, TX 77030. REPTILE /AQUARIUM KEEPER.. .requires high school diploma and two years’ experience in a zoological facility. Responsibilities will include care, feeding, health/safety, exhibit maintenance and behavior observation. Send resume/references to G.B. Caddick, Zoo Supervisor, Lowry Park Zoo, 7530 North Boulevard, Tampa, FL 33604 (813) 935-8552. ZOOKEEPER... prefer one years' paid experience and Bachelor’s degree in biological sciences. Responsible for daily animal care, behavior observation and exhibit^grounds maintenance. Will work with mammals, birds and reptiles. Salary $15,000-$16,000, plus benefits. Creating eligible list to fill present and future vacancies. Send cover letter/resume to: Racine Zoo, 2131 N. Main St., Racine, WI 53402. EOE. GENERAL CURATOR. ..requires degree in animal science or related field and three years' zoo experience at a supervisory level. Will administer all animal-related functions. Salary $20,000-$28,142. Send resume to: Doug Porter, Executive Director, Great Plains Zoo and Delbridge Museum, 805 S. Kiwanis, Sioux Falls, SD 57104. CHILDREN'S ZOO CURATOR... requires degree in life sciences or education with two years' zoo experience. Leadership and interactive skills preferred. Will function as working manager with responsibility for keeper/volunteer staff. Will assist in the planning and creation of a new children's zoo experience. Salary/benefits competitive. Send resume to: Ted Beattie, Executive Director, Knoxville Zoo, P.O. Box 6040, Knoxville, TN 37914. 388 9 AAZK Membership Application Name check here if renewal [ ] Address City f"~j $30.00 Professional Full-time Keepers I I $25.00 Associate Those not connected with an animal facility f I $20.00 Library Library subscription only State/Province Zip □ $25.00 Affiliate Other staff & volunteers I I $30.00 International All members outside U.S. & Canada regardless of category □ $50.00 or more Contributing Organizations & individuals Zoo Affiliation (if any) Zoo Address Mail this application and check or money order (U.S. CURRENCY ONLY PLEASE), made payable to American Association of Zoo Keepers, Inc., to : AAZK Administrative Offices, Topeka Zoo, 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606 U.S. A. Membership includes a subscription to Animal Keepers' Forum. The membership card is good for free admission to many zoos and aquariums in the U.S. and Canada. INFORMATION FOR CONTRIBUTORS Animal Keepers' Forum publishes original papers and news items of interest to the animal keeping profession. Non-members are welcome to submit articles for consideration. Articles should be typed or hand-printed and double-spaced. All illustrations, graphs and tables should be clearly marked, in final form, and should fit in a page size no greater than 6" x 10" (15cm x 25 l/2cm). Literature used should be cited in the text and in final bibliography. Avoid footnotes. Include scientific name of species (as per ISIS) the first time it is used. Thereafter use common name. Black and white photos only accepted. Articles sent to Animal Keepers' Forum will be reviewed for publication. No commitment is made to the author, but an effort will be made to publish articles as soon as possible. Lengthy articles may be separated into monthly installments at the discretion of the editor. The editor reserves the right to edit material without consultation unless approval is requested in writing by the author. Materials submitted will not be returned unless accompanied by a stamped, self-addressed envelope. Telephone or FAX contributions of late-breaking news or last-minute insertions are accepted. However, long articles must be sent by U.S. mail. The phone number is (913) 272-5821 Ext. 31. FAX # is 913-272-2539. DEADLINE FOR EACH EDITION IS THE 15TH . OF THE PRECEDING MONTH Articles printed do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the Animal Keepers' Forum editorial staff or the American Association of Zoo Keepers, Inc. Publication does not indicate endorsement by the Association. Items in this publication may be reprinted providing credit to this publication is given and a copy of the reprinted material is forwarded to the editor. Reprints of material appearing in this journal may be ordered from the editor. PRINTED IN U.SA. £ t w Cfl O O o §' w C w rt> Pu se: jS" »ii i-~i fl/ uri ~n I’"!" rr H' i_t. o r~ »n EL« or * o ”11 rt *:u “3 r-4 ••< O o C3 Q t.D O k *i n CM^ \.!r. o ~o O a* co ~3 December 1990 k nimal weepers' ?orum Dedicated to Professional Animal Care ANIMAL KEEPERS' FORUM . 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606 Editor-in-Chief: Susan Chan Assistant Editor: Ron Ringer Animal Keepers' Forum (ISSN 0164-9531) is a monthly journal of the American Association of Zoo Keepers, Inc., 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606. Ten dollars of each membership fee goes toward the annual publication costs of Animal Keepers' Forum . Third Class postage paid at Topeka, KS. Postmaster: Please send address changes to: December 1990 Volume Seventeen Number Twelve American Association of Zoo Keepers, Inc. Administrative Offices, 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606 Barbara Manspeaker, Administrative Secretary BOARD QF DIRECTORS Oliver Claffey, Metro Toronto Zoo, Toronto, Ontario, Canada President Bob Debets, Assiniboine Park Zoo, Winnipeg, Manitoba Canada Vice President Frank B. Kohn, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC 20008 Immediate Past President Janet McCoy, Washington Park Zoo, Portland, OR 97221 Ed Hansen, Reid Park Zoo, Tucson, AZ 85716 COMMITTEE CHAIRPERSONS - PROJECT HEADS Conference Book Committee Tim Kelly, Assiniboine Park Zoo Awards Committee Jan McCoy, Washington Park Zoo Book Review Coordinator Rick Emmer, Cleveland Metroparks Zoo Staff Exchange. Dale Freking, Kansas City Zoo AAZK History Committee Rachel Rogers, Miami Metrozoo International Affairs Coordinators - Mona Conservation. Preservation. Restoration Keeper Training & Education (includes Library Resources, Reference Search, Program Library, and Keeper Training Materials) L.R/R.S. - Marilyn Cole, Metro Toronto K.T.M- Rosemary Jalink Krussman, Nat'l Aquarium Research/Grants Committee Susan M. Barnard, Zoo Atlanta Public Education Committee Ellen Bradfield, Zoo Atlanta Keith, Calgary Zoo (east) Pam McDougall, Calgary Zoo (west) (CPR) Committee - Bob Debets, Assiniboine Park Zoo Animal- Data Transfer Form Bemie Feldman, Burnet Park Zoo AAZK Liaison to AAZPA/IZE Brint Spencer, Beardsley Zoological Gdns. Keeper Accommodations List Heidi Manicki, Metro Toronto Zoo An Approach to. Zookeeping Pat Sammarco, Santa Fe Teaching Zoo Zoo Infant Development Project Harmony Frazier-Taylor, Woodland Park Zoo AAZK Manual of Resources Elandra Aum, Woodland Park Zoo Exhibit Design form Mark de Denus, Assiniboine Park Zoo Public Relations Liaison Tim Kurkowski, Zoo Atlanta Membership Directory Administrative Office Staff Diet Notebook Susan Bunn Spencer, Beardsley Zoological Gdns. Biological Valnes/Gestation Toni Danzig, Greater S. F. Bay Area Chapter Legislative Advisor John Stoddard, Chicago, IL By-Laws Review Vacant Zoo/Unkersity List Mike Illig, Washington Park Zoo Nominations & Elections David Luce, Fresno Zoo Zoonotic Diseases Notebook Bruce Clark, Toledo Zoo Keeper Training Videotape Production Coordinator - Vacant Order/Distribution Center at AAZK Administrative Offices in Topeka Liaison and Information Network for Keepers (LINK) Coordinator - Mark de Denus, Assiniboine Park Zoo, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada printed on recycled paper This month's cover art features the Spectacled caiman (Caiman sclerops) drawn by Fawn Prevost, a part-time keeper at the Topeka Zoological Park , Topeka, KS. The caiman's range extends from Central America to the central part of South America. They live in backwaters of rivers or in very slowly flowing waters with muddy bottoms and soft sand banks. There is a ridge on the head running between the eyes like the bridge of a pair of glasses, thus giving this subspecies its name. Caiman are dark olive in color with the young having blackish spots and transverse bands. The bony plates of the belly armor are particularly well developed in caiman and the iris of the eye is greenish in color. Thanks, Fawn! Scoops AAZK Thanks New Orleans for a Super 16th The AAZK Board of Directors, on behalf of the entire AAZK membership, wishes to thank the Audubon AAZK Chapter for all their hard work in putting on a great 16th National AAZK Conference. The week in New Orleans provided a splendid blend of paper sessions, workshops, rap sessions, zoo and aquarium tours and social opportunities. The famous ‘Southern Hospitality’ was warmly displayed to each and every delegate. The entire membership of the Audubon AAZK Chapter is to be commended for putting on a well- organized and professional conference. Special thanks go also to the entire staff and all the volunteers at the Audubon Zoo and the Aquarium of the Americas. As we look to the future, you might like to note the dates for upcoming conferences. The 1991 17th National AAZK Conference will be held in Toledo 6-10 October, 1991. The 25th AAZK Anniversary Conference will be in San Diego in 1991 from 27 September through 2 October. Zoo Atlanta AAZK has be awarded the 1993 AAZK Conference and dates will be announced as soon as they are confirmed. Columbus Chapter Shows Support for National Efforts During the General Membership meeting held at the New Orleans Conference, Joe Rindler of the Columbus AAZK Chapter, Columbus, OH presented a check for $500.00 to AAZK President Oliver Claffey. The money was raised by the Chapter through their recycling project and was donated to the national association to assist in providing services and programs for the entire AAZK membership. The Board of Directors sincerely appreciates this generous donation from the Columbus Chapter. Diet Notebook Project Announces Appointments Seeks Section Coordinator Susan Bunn Spencer, Coordinator for the Diet Notebook Project, has announced the appointments of Debbie Hayman and Ted Strikwerda, both of the Bowmanville Zoo, Ontario, Canada, as co-coordinators for the Mammals Section of the Diet Notebook Project. Jeff Ettling, St. Louis Zoological Park, has been named Section Coordinator for Reptiles. Kelli Westbrook, Little Rock Zoo, continues as Bird Section Coordinator and Susan Kenney, John G. Shedd Aquarium, continues as Invertebrate Section Coordinator. The Project is currently seeking a Coordinator for the Fish Section. Anyone interested in the position should send a resume and letter of recommendation to Susan Bunn Spencer, Beardsley Zoo, 1875 Noble Ave., Bridgeport, CT 06610. Following is the job description for this position. 389 Scoops & Scuttlebutt. Continued Section Coordinator Job Description Purpose: The purpose of this position is to solicit and review diets and facilitate the work of the Project Coordinator. Reportability: i. AAZK Diet Notebook Project Coordinator ii. AAZK Board Overseer iii. AAZK Board of Directors Principal Responsibilities: I. Solicit and collect diets II. Review diets for accuracy of common and scientific names, orders, address, spelling, punctuation, etc. III. Maintain an index of species, number of diets per species and contributing institutions. IV. If possible transfer information to an IBM Paradox 2 program V. Reply promptly to inquiries concerning the Diet Notebook Project. VI. Maintain semi-annual updates to the Project Coordinator as to the status of the project. APT Forms Available Upon Request Animal Data Transfer Forms for zoos and aquariums are available free of charge upon request. This is a professional service provided by AAZK. Contact: Bernie Feldman, Burnet Park Zoo, 500 Burnet Park Dr., Syracuse, NY 13204. If your facility is not already using the ADT form, please encourage your administration to implement its use whenever an animal is shipped. ® Dreher Park Zoo Veterinarian's Pigeons Prove Faster than FAX A dozen pigeons outraced a FAX machine message over 2 miles recently. The racing pigeons covered the 2 miles in about 1 1/2 minutes. “Oh, my God, they're here!” said WJNO-1230 AM promotions director Janie Thomas as the pigeons circled overhead. The FAX machine was only halfway finished producing the first page of its message. A 7-8 mph tailwind accelerated the pigeons' unusual 38-mph air speed. Meanwhile, the FAX machine, worth $1,395, garbled the last half-page of its message. Y.TJNO got the idea from reading a story about a similar FAX vs. feathers contest in Europe. The station recruited Dr. Salvatore Zeitlin, president of the Dreher Park Zoo and owner of the Palm Beach County Animal Medical Clinic. Zeitlin's birds have won numerous competitions. Because the pigeons are accustomed to flying hundreds of miles to reach home, Zeitlin gave them a bit of incentive for the short flight. For five days, he kept the dozen young cocks away from their hens until after their daily flights. (Racing pigeons are monogamous.) submitted by Gail Schneider , Executive Director, Dreher Park Zoo , West Palm Beach , FL . 390 Births & Hatchings Los Angeles AAZK Chapter...reports these significant births at our facility for the months of July through September. In 1986, the Los Angeles and Cincinnati Zoos received a total of 4.6 Giant Eland ( Taurotragus derbianus ), wild-caught from Africa. L.A. received 2.3 of these animals and at that time we were the only zoos to have Giant Eland. In 1988, we had 2.0 calves born, one DNS. In 1989, we had 1.2 calves bom, and this summer 0.3. At birth the calves weigh approximately 60-70 pounds. Our two males 088, ’89) were sent out recently to the Cincinnati Zoo and one to White Oaks Plantation, Yulee, FL. Once again the Los Angeles Zoo is proud to announce the birth of two duikers: 0.1 Black duiker ( Cephalophus niger ) on 23 July and 0.1 Zebra duiker ( Cephalophus ) on 18 September. We are the only zoo in the U.S. with these species of duiker. In our Australian Section one significant birth was that of a Short-beaked or common echidna ( Tachyglossus aculeatus) sometimes called a spiny anteater. These echidna are found in Australia, Tasmania and New Guinea and are “egg-laying mammals.” The eggs are soft shelled and hatch after ten days. The babies are bom blind, naked and about 3/8" long. They remain in the burrow until they are approximately six months old and are completely quilled. The echidna does not have teeth, but the rear of their tongue is serrated, this enables them to grind up their food. At this time the baby is out walking around the Koala House exhibit with its mother and weighs two pounds. At maturity it will reach approximately twelve pounds. On 2 July, Regina, one of our Chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes) gave birth to her first baby, a female. Regina started cycling when she was approximately 5 1/2 years old, her swellings looked immature and within the next six months she was pregnant. Even though some behavioral changes were observed, a birth at such a young age was unexpected. Regina is having no problem adjusting to being a mother and is back into the swing of things with her daughter clinging tightly, submitted by Linda Cory, Chapter Liaison, Los Angeles AAZK Chapter, Los Angeles, CA. PrehfirjPark Zqq, (West Palm Beach, Fk).. .announces the hatching of 13 Rhinoceros iguana (Cyclura cornuta) October 16-19, 1990. The eggs were laid in the exhibit, but removed to avoid predation by raccoons, opossums and fire ants. After an incubation period of 80-85 days in the zoo's Reptile House, 13 of the 14 eggs hatched successfully. Also as part of an early fall baby boom, two tiny Gopher tortoises ( Gopherus polyphemus ) hatched on 14 September in their mother's natural burrow. Weighing an average of 30 grams each at hatching, these native Florida tortoises are a threatened species due to massive habitat destruction. Also hatched were 2 Toco toucans ( Ramphastos toco ). This is the second clutch of eggs hatched this year (2 chicks were hatched in June to six-year-old mother “Cosmic” and seven-year-old father “Rico”.) submitted by Gail Schneider, Executive Director. Central Arizona Chapter of AAZK.. is pleased to announce the following B&H at their member facilities: Wildlife World Zoo hatched 9 Red wattled curassow ( Crax globulosa) this spring. These birds were fairly common about 10 years ago, but have become very rare in the wild and in zoological collections in recent years. Other notable births and hatchings include: 1.1 Dama gazelle, 5.0 Singing dog, 0.0.1 Sable antelope, 0.1 Dromedary camel, 1.0 Beisa 391 Births & Hatchings, Continued oryx; twin Persian gazelles; our first successfully fledged Nicobar pigeon, 5 Crestless razorbill curassow, 7 Greater curassow , and 3 Stanley cranes. Phoenix Zoo-on 12 July 1990 our two and one half year-old female Sumatran tiger (Panthera t. sumatrae ) Sekayu gave birth to 1.1 healthy cubs. The cubs weighed 4 lbs. 8 ozs. and 4 lbs. 4 ozs. at six days of age. Five Sumatran tiger cubs have been born at the Phoenix Zoo since late March 1990. All of the cubs are doing well and are being raised by their mothers. On 28 August 1990, our 22-year-old female White rhinoceros ( Ceratotherium simum) Tambile gave birth to her eighth offspring, a 100-pound male. The birth occurred on exhibit and was witnessed by zoo officials and visitors. The calf was on his feet within half an hour of birth and began nursing 16 minutes after standing. The Phoenix Zoo's single pair of White rhinoceros, Tambile and Kehtla, have produced six offspring since 1975. Tambile was born in South Africa and was donated to the Phoenix Zoo in 1975 by the San Diego Wild Animal Park. Kehtla came to the Phoenix Zoo in 1963 from the Umfolozi Game Reserve in Africa. Tambile and Kehtla's most recent offspring was named “Howell B.” in memory of Dr. Howell B. Hood, the Phoenix Zoo veterinarian from 1965 to 1989. Dr. Hood passed away one week prior to the birth of the rhino and the calf was named in his honor, submitted by Anita Schanberger, Chapter Liaison, Central Arizona Chapter of AAZK. This 1.0 White rhinoceros (Crax globulosa) was bora 28 August 1990 at the Phoenix Zoo. He weighed 100 lbs. and was the eighth offspring for his mother, Tambile. He was named “Howell B.” in memory of the zoo's long-time veterinarian. (Photo by Dick George) 392 Births & Hatchings, Continued Denver Zoo...announces the following B&H for January through June 1990: Hoofstock and Carnivores -in January 1990, 1.1 Amur leopards ( Panthera pardus orientalis ) arrived at the Denver Zoo. The male came from the Helsinki Zoo and the female from the Rotterdam Zoo. Amur leopards are very rare in their range in northeast Asia and only approximately 80 live in captivity worldwide. 1.0 Red panda ( Ailurus fulgens ) cub was born in July and is being raised by its mother and another female who is unrelated. The females spend equal amounts of time with the cub and the unrelated female even appears to nurse him. Red pandas are managed by SSP. Other SSP births so far this year include: 1.3 Scimitar-horned oryx ( Oryx dammah ), 2.0 Przewalski's wild horses ( Equus przewalski ), and 1.2 Grevy's zebra ( Equus grevyi ). Other significant births included: 1.0 Blesbok ( Damaliscus dorcas phillipsi), 1.0 Nyala ( Tragelaphus angasi ), 1.1 Pere David's deer ( Elaphurus davidanus), 2.0 Reticulated giraffe ( Giraffe Camelopardalis reticulata ), 1.0 Musk ox ( Ovibos moschatus), and 1.1 Lesser kudu ( Tragelaphus imberbis). submitted by Cate Werner. Primates and Sheep Herds - one of the most notable additions to our primate collection was the first birth at our zoo of a Silvered leaf monkey ( Presbytis cristatus ultimus ). “Lucy” was born November 1989 to a group that had been acquired from the New York Zoological Society in 1987. Since January this year other births include a male White- faced saki ( Pithecia pithecia ) and 1.1 Kikuyu colobus ( Colubus guerecia kikuyuensis). The colobus infants were from a young group assembled last year. No births were expected considering that our breeding male was only two years old at the time of conception. Another unusual note was that “Tonya” the original mother, spent minimal time with her infant. Both she and “Arlene” were observed nursing the infant. However, “Arlene” was the primary caregiver to the infant until “Arlene” gave birth to her own offspring nineteen days later. Both infants have been doing well since each mother claimed her own infant. Every year we have lambs from our Dali's ( Ovis dalli) and Bighorn ( Ovis canadensis ) herds. On a significant basis was the birth of a third set of twins to our Bighorn ewe “Annie”. She also gave birth to twins in 1987 and 1989. All three sets have been 1.1. Another first for the zoo was American beaver ( Castor canadensis) reproduction. Three kits are successfully being reared by their parents who themselves were hand-raised. submitted by Penny Smith. Birds - this year we had two success stories from our artificial insemination program. We hand-raised a Himalayan impeyan pheasant ( Lophophorus impeyans) and “Artie”, a Demoiselle crane ( Anthropoides virgo). “Artie” was put in with a pair of adult Demoiselle cranes to avoid human imprinting. The adults and “Artie” call to each other but we still are uncertain if “Artie” knows he is a crane. Also hand-raised were 0.0.3 Double-wattled cassowaries ( Casuarius casuarius). Since 1977 the Denver Zoo has raised 80 cassowary chicks. 0.0.8 Northern eider ( Somateria mollissima borealis ) were significant hatches from our waterfowl area because we usually have low survival rates with this species. This year a Fairy bluebird ( Irena puella) chick was raised by its parents. We have not raised this species for the last few years although we had been breeding them in numbers before. “Hubble” a black-footed penguin ( Spheniscus demersus) chick was raised by our oldest breeding pair which we received in 1974. Our 0.1.1 Toucan barbet ( Semnornis ramphastinus) chicks are special because we are the only North American zoo to exhibit this species and the second zoo ever to have bred them, submitted by G. Suzanne Chacon. Buffalo Zoo (Western New York AAZK Chanter ...is pleased to report the following B&H since January 1990. In May of this year the Cat House was proud to announce the birth of 1.1 Cougar ( Felis concolor ) cubs. This is an exciting first for the zoo. What makes them even more special is that their mother is taking great care of them although both she and her mate were hand- 393 Births & Hatchings. Continued raised. Other births in the Cat House include 1.1 Snow leopard ( Panthera uncia ) born in June and 1.2 Clouded leopard ( Panthera nebulosa). The Primate House has been successful over the past few years with the breeding of Mandrill baboon ( Papio sphinx), an SSP species. This year was no exception with the birth of 1.0. Additional births include 1.0 Celebes black ape ( Macaco nigra) born in April and 1.0 Japanese macaque ( Macaca fuscata) born in June. On 5 March the Gorilla House reported the birth of a 1.0 Western lowland gorilla ( Gorilla gorilla gorilla). At three months “BK” (Elmo as he is known by his keepers) was pulled from his mother to be hand- raised. His mother had become abusive so it was decided to hand-raise him. He will eventually be reintroduced to the group. The summer crowds were pleased to see many new babies in the Children's Zoo. Markhor ( Capia falconeri) Mountain boasts 4.6 new residents born this spring. Other CZ births included 5.3 Pygmy goats ( Capra hircus), 5.6 Mouflon {Ovis musimon), 1.3 Karakul sheep ( Ovis aries) and 2.1 Quanaco ( Lama glama guanicoe). More recently 1.0 Pygmy zebu ( Bos primigenius) was born. Late spring, early summer kept the Hoofstock zones busy. There were 1.5 American bison ( Bison bison) born within the herd. There were 0.2 Scandinavian reindeer ( Rangifer tarandus) born and 5.2 Llamas ( Lama glama glama) born. This year also saw the births of 3.3 Axis deer ( Cervis axis) and 1.2 Roan antelope ( Hippoytragus equinus). In August 1.0 Gaur ( Bos gaurus) “Sophie” or “Sweet Cow” as she is known by her keepers gave birth to a female calf. The most recent births in this area are 2.0 Gemsbok ( Oryx gazella). The Bird Dept, was especially busy this year, hand-raising 0.0.11 Blue and Gold macaws ( Ara ararauna). To add to our growing macaw population, 0.0.2 Greenwing macaws were successfully hand-raised. This is a first for this species at the Buffalo Zoo. Other species hand-raised this spring include 1.0 King vulture ( Sarcorhamphus papa) and a 0.1 Cinereous vulture ( Aegypius monachus). These two birds will be kept to start a second generation breeding. The birds in our Western New York Birdwalk were busy raising 2 Northern cardinals ( Cardinalis cardinalis), two White-breasted nuthatches ( Sitta carolinensis) and 2.4 Wood ducks (Aix sponsa). Our African crowned cranes ( Balearica regulorum gibberiges) successfully raised two chicks as did our pair of Lady Ross plantation eaters ( Musophaga rossae). Our Small Moat keeper has hand-raised one of two Geoffrey's tamarins ( Saguinus geoffroyi) born this year, while our two Cotton-top tamarin ( Saguinus oedipus) offspring were both parent-reared. The department also records the birth of 3.4 healthy Bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis), one of which (a rejected twin) was successfully hand-raised and reintroduced to the herd. Two Collared peccaries ( Tayassus tajaaacu) and a Spotted hyena {Crocuta crocuta) were also born. Small Mammals House boasts 2.1 Prehensile-tailed porcupines ( Coendou prehensilis ) one of which had hand-raised. Also born were two Grey-legged douroucoulis ( Aotus trivingatus griseimembra), six Chinchillas ( Chinchilla laniger), five Degus ( Dotodonus degu), one Potaroo ( Potorous tridactylus), one Rock cavy ( Kerodon rupistris) and one Lesser galago ( Galago senegalensis). In August after six tense hours of labor, a new baby giraffe ( Giraffe Camelopardalis reticulata) was born. It was a difficult birth for a first-time mother and the little male had to be pulled and hand-raised. Both are doing very well. For the first time at our facility, six Klauber's rock rattlesnakes ( Crotalus iepidus klauberi) were born. Several adult Klaubers were collected (by permit) in 1989 by our lead reptile keeper and his subsequent husbandry has paid off. Other herptile B&H include: 36 Leopard geckos C Eublepharis macularius), 11 Columbian rattlesnakes ( Crotalus durissrus cumanensis), 9 Russian rat snakes ( Elaphe schrencki), 10 Vracoam rattlesnakes {Crotalus vegrandis), 24 Reticulated pythons ( Python reticulaatus), 2 Desert iguanas ( Diasosaurus dorsalis dorsalis), 7 Columbian boas ( Boas constrictor constrictor) and 6 Eyelash vipers ( Bothros schelegeli). 394 Continued After a period of absence, Poison Arrow frogs are back and breeding in Buffalo. Eighteen Dyeing Poison Arrow Frogs ( Dendrobates tinctorris) and 13 Black and green ( Dendrobates auratus ) were metamorphosed this year with the tadpoles still developing. Also hatched and raised were 118 Puerto Rican tree frogs ( Eleutherodactylus coqui ). submitted by Kathryn Mullane, Chapter Secretary with special thanks to Debbie Maiorano for all her help . Coming Events Fifth Conference on the Captive Propagation and Husbandry of Reptiles and Amphibians February 16-18, 1991 Davis, CA Conference will be held at the University of California, Davis. For more information contact: Rick Staub (707) 553-9739 or Gerold Merker (916) 644-6253. AAZPA Regional Conferences for 1991 Southern Regional - 10-12 March, 1991. For more information contact Les Schobert, North Carolina Zoological Park, Route 4, Box 83, Asheboro, NC 27203 (919) 879-7000. Western Regional - 24-26 March 1991. For more information contact Sal Perkins, Wildlife Safari Park, P.O. Box 1600, Winston, OR 97469. (503) 679-6761. Central Regional - 7-9 April 1991. For more information contact Carol Eames, Tulsa Zoolgical Park, 5701 E. 36th St. North, Tulsa, OK 74115 (918) 596-2401 Northeastern Regional - 21-23 April 1991. For more information contact Tony Vecchio, Roger Williams Park Zoo, Roger Williams Park, Providence, RI 02905 (401) 785-9450 Ext. 80. Great Lakes Regional - 55-7 May 1991. For more information contact Greg Geise, Binder Park Zoo, 7400 Division Dr., Battle Creek, MI 49017 (616) 979-1351. AAZK Announces New Professional/ConMbutmg Members Richard Zimmerman, Gettsyburg Game Prk. Michael Frost, Zoo Atlanta (GA) Leland Peterson, Nashville Zoo (TN) Kirk Bottenhorn, Detroit Zoo (MI) Victoria Henrie, Lincoln Park Zoo (IL) Michael Harrell, Caldwell Zoo (TX) Kristine Harrison, San Antonio Zoo (TX) Amber McManus, AZ-Sonora Desert Museum David L. Hanson, Hanson Exoics (OR) (PA Linda S. Gorton, Pet Farm, Inc. (VA) Dan Tenaglia, Cypress Gardens (FL) Andy Jakobsky, Columbua Zoo (OH) V.J. Skaff, Great Plains Zoo (SD) Betty L. Thomas, Tulsa Zoo (OK) Kelly Clay, Caldwell Zoo (TX) James Zajicek, Denver Zoo (CO) (AZ) Rob Miley, Phoenix Zoo (AZ) Leanne Brady, Walk in the Wild (WA) Renewing CcmMfoutmg Member Dickerson Park Zoo, Springfield, MO 395 The 16th Annual AAZK Conference held in New Orleans, LA from November 4-8 attracted record crowds as keepers and other animal-care personnel gathered once again to renew old acquaintances, meet new friends, laugh and, above all, learn. Over 340 delegates (304 from outside of New Orleans) were registered representing 38 States, 4 Canadian Provinces, Australia, Great Britain, Africa and Guatemala, making this the highest attendance at any AAZK Conference. Even though New Orleans is known as a party town, delegates who wished to work had ample opportunity. Workshops and rap sessions were interspersed throughout the week and paper sessions were held, as always, for a full two days. After the day's work was over, the hospitality suite and Bourbon Street saw their share of happy keepers enjoying each other’s company. New Orleans' newest attraction, the Aquarium of the Americas, was opened to the delegates on Tuesday morning and a good time was had by all. The following Riverboat luncheon added additional spice to a fun-filled day. Wednesday's day at Audubon Zoo gave delegates a chance to view many recently renovated areas and new exhibits, including the new Tropical Bird House (did you see Elvis, i.e. Hoser?). Of course, many behind-the-scenes areas were open and staff members were present in case “inquiring minds” wanted to know something. Beautiful weather made lunch and dinner pleasant and Zoolympics went smoother than expected with the Eastern States winning the annual tug-of-war. Despite less than perfect weather, everyone enjoyed the post-conference trip to the Honey Island Swamp. Wildlife still abounds in this area of the country and it was wonderful to be able to show animal people some specimens in the greatest “zoo” in the world, the great outdoors. A tropical depression put a damper on some members of the Belize Trip, but everyone made it back home with memories of an interesting and worthwhile trip to a great part of the world. Everyone in the Audubon Chapter of AAZK hopes that the delegates enjoyed themselves as much as we enjoyed pulling it all together. As anyone who has ever hosted a conference can tell you, it's a lot of work, but well worth it. Please join us in wishing the best of luck to the Toledo AAZK Chapter in their challenging and rewarding upcoming year. We know you’ll do a great job and we can't wait to sit back and relax in Toledo in 1991!! 396 An Open Letter to All Chapters When the American Association of Zoo Keepers, Inc. enters its 24th year of operation in 1991, with it will come the continuing need for our organization to refine its business practices and methods of operation. In our ongoing commitment to comply with the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) guidelines regarding 501(c)(3) tax exempt status, the Association must make a few necessary changes in the way chapters conduct their business. The first of these changes pertains to your Employee Identification Numbers (EIN). These EIN numbers are required by the IRS for any organization that has chapters or “branches” of a 501(c)(3) association. The Administrative Office (AO) of the National Headquarters has filed the necessary paperwork on behalf of your chapter so that you may obtain an EIN number. You may have already received notification of this from the IRS. If so, please verify your EIN number with Barbara at AO. Once all EIN numbers have been received, AAZK will file for a “Group Exemption Letter”. Only when this letter is accepted by the IRS will chapters be allowed to operate under the tax exempt status of National. Your EIN number must appear on all your bank accounts. If you have duplicate EIN numbers, please contact AO. Any chapter located within the United States is governed by the laws and regulations set forth by the IRS regarding 501(c)(3). Our Canadian chapters are responsible to Revenue Canada and their tax laws regarding non-profit groups. Canadian chapters are exempt from having an EIN number but they still must conform to the policies to be explained further in this letter. Any one of our chapters may now be required by law to file an IRS Income Tax Form 990. If you have chapter income that totals $25,000.00 or above, this filing is mandatory. The IRS also randomly selects various tax exempt organization to file no matter what their income. If your chapter receive notice, by mail, to file IRS form 990 then you must complete the form and file it by the IRS deadline. Not filing the form will place your chapter charter in jeopardy and will seriously effect the tax exempt status of this Association. In any event, the form is simple and AO is just a phone call away if you need help. You may use the toll- free 800 number when you need to contact AO. The number is l-800-242-4519(U.S.)and 1-800 468-1966 (Canada). In our efforts to upgrade the professionalism in our Association we are asking all chapters to complete a Chapter Recharter Packet each year, starting in 1991. You will be receiving this packet in the first weeks of January. This packet contains information and documents pertaining to the 1990 revised By-laws (AKF August 1990) which were ratified by the professional members attending the New Orleans Conference. Your chapter needs to review the newly created Section regarding chapters and their operation, along with the requirements for chapter membership. Your Chapter Recharter Packet will contain 3 separate documents that need to be completed and returned to AO on or before 15 February 1991. A copy of the '90 revised By-laws will be included for your reference. Section 1 - Chapter Recharter Application The purpose of this document is to verify the mailing address of the chapter. Sometimes when chapters are composed of multiple institutions, a newly elected president may mean a new address for the chapter. To assure good communication with our chapters, we must 397 An Open Letter to All Chapters, Continued have a current address on file with the IRS. We also need an accurate accounting of all chapter members for each category. A requirement for all chapters will now be the standardization of officer elections in December of each year. This is not an attempt by the Board of Directors or National to play “big brother” or intervene in the operation of your chapter. The IRS requires a current list of responsible officers to be financially accountable for each chapter during the fiscal year (1 January through 31 December). I realize that some chapters have recently elected new officers or will hold elections in the near future. Your chapter may elect to extend or reduce the term of those officers by voice vote at your next general meeting, but those officers must be in place for the entire fiscal year starting 1 January 1991. Section 2 - Recharter Agreement This two-page document will serve as the “Standards of Operation” for each and every chapter within our Association. This agreement sets forth a code by which all chapters must conduct business and it shall be signed by the four main officers elected for the fiscal year. No proxy signatures will be accepted. Membership status of all officer names will be verified by AO. If an officer is not a paid member of National, then the Agreement will be returned to your chapter for correction. Any changes in officers, due to resignation or job relocation, must be reported to National along with the signatures of the replacement officer. Section 3 - Yearly Financial Statement This document is vital to the 501(c)(3) tax exempt status of the Association. This simple to understand form is designed like an IRS tax form. It will consist of 3 pages and line by line instructions will appear on the reverse side of each page to help you complete the forms. The first page will deal with your chapter income. The 2nd page deals with chapter expenses and when completed will give you the net worth of your chapter. Page 3 consists of your chapter's material assets, a listing of all your bank accounts and copies of your most recent bank statements. This financial statement is to be signed by both the outgoing treasurer and the newly elected treasurer. This will give both financial accountability and assures a smooth transfer of duties. The IRS requires complete financial documentation of our Association, including chapter property, which will revert to National and be divested through the Conservation, Preservation and Restoration Committee should your chapter decide to dissolve. The IRS also requires documentation of all bank accounts and two signatures (usually the President and Treasurer) on every bank account. The 2 signature rule discourages, but does not prevent, embezzlement of chapter funds. The change in format regarding “Bowling for Rhinos” will place the burden of financial responsibility on the local chapter. Plan ahead to be organized and professional. What the Board of Directors and the Administrative Offices of AAZK are trying to accomplish with the Chapter Recharter Packet is professional accountability and professional standards of practice. This has been a major concern of the membership for years and it is time to act on those concerns. These changes are both necessary (read IRS) and practical and will only serve to enhance the business aspects of our Association. 398 SPECTRUM Quality exotic animal diets Nutritionally balanced Fixed formulation • Economical When you need a complete line of high-quality dry and frozen animal diets for your feeding program, call Animal Spectrum. NEBRASKA BRAND h 1 SPECTRUM BROOD-RITE HEATERS Frozen feline diets Frozen bird of prey diets Frozen canine diet Chunk and chopped horsemeat, hearts, livers, rib, shank, knuckle bones, and tailbones Banana flavored primate, 15% protein dry Banana flavored primate, Pro-Plus 25% protein dry Leaf Eater primate dry Omnivore dry Llama Vitamins & Minerals dry Polar Bear dry Marmoset/Tamarin dry Ratite dry Hoofstock supplement, with Selenium dry Bulbless heaters— nothing to break Safe around all animals and bedding material. Even heat distribution in 240, 500, or 750 wattages. GENTLE TOUCH™ bedding One call does it all FREE 1-800-228-4005 FAX 308-534-7015 Animal Spectrum, Inc. P.O. Box 721 North Platte, NE 69103-0721 1990 Proceedings Order Form The papers presented at the 16th National AAZK Conference held Nov. 4-8 in New Orleans will be published in the 1990 edition of the Conference Proceedings. Delegates attending the Conference receive a copy as part of their registration fee. Those presenting a paper receive a gratis copy. Others may purchase a copy by filling out the form below and returning it to AAZK Administrative Offices bv 31 December 1990. The number of copies ordered will depend on the response from this pre-order form, so if you want a copy you need to return this form with your payment The cost is $5.00 per copy for members and $8.00 per copy for non- members. Canadian and foreign orders must include $2.00 additional for surface postage costs. Checks or money orders should be sent in U.S. Funds ONLY. Mail to: '90 Proceedings, AAZK AO, 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606. Included in the Proceedings will be the following papers: Black footed Penguins at the Knoxville Zoo: Against All Odds ~ The Handrearing of Humboldt Penguins ~ Management of the Boatbill Heron at the Jacksonville Zoo ~ Nesting Behavior of Chilean Flamingos ~ Talking About Sichuan Takins at the San Diego Zoo ~ Indian Rhino Foot Care at the Los Angeles Zoo ~ Ngare Sergoi: Update ~ Sumatran Tiger Watch ~ Captive Management of a Socialized Group of Timber Wolves ~ Cheetah Breeding at White Oaks Plantation ~ Development of a Black Howler Infant ~ What is Duke University Primate Center? ~ Hand-rearing and Re-introduction of a Cotton-top Tamarin ~ An Analysis of the Captive Population of Colobus Guerza ~ Radio Tracking Pelltophryne Lemur in La Reserva Forestal De Guanica, P.R. ~ Management Program and Breeding of P. Lemur at Metro Toronto Zoo ~ Metro Toronto 's Conservation & Education Program ~ Racetrack Trash Becomes Rainforest Bash ~ Keeping Up With Keepers ~ Conservation: Keeping It In Perspective ~ Tsimbazaza and Ivolloina: Madagascar Zoos/Their Current Status and Potential ~ Zoo Conservation Outreach Group, a low-budget, high impact approach to international conservation - The Benefit of Operant Conditioning for Show Presentation and Keeper Talks, highlighting public education in the modern zoo ~ The Use of Operant Conditioning in Training Husbandry Behaviors with Captive Animals ~ The Role of an Environmental and Behavioral Enrichment Group at Metro Toronto Zoo ~ Hand-raising Pinnipeds ~ The Conservation of the Cuban Hutia ~ Black -footed Ferret Management at Henry Doorly Zoo ~ Bats: Rehabilitation for Release ~ Status of AMAZOO. Please send ’90 Proceedings Order Form copy (copies) of the 1990 AAZK Conference Proceedings to: Name: Address: City: State/Province: Zip/Postal Code: AAZK Member: YES NO Enclosed is $ per copy ordered plus additional postage, if applicable (see prices above) TOTAL ENCLOSED: $ DEADLINE FOR PRE-ORDERS IS 31 DECEMBER 1990 Black Rhinoceros (Diceros bicomis) Nutrition By Joseph Rindler, Keeper Columbus Zoo, Columbus, OH The black rhinoceros ( Diceros bicomis ) has adapted to a very selective diet consisting of browse. In captivity, replicating this diet would be costly. In addition, North American species of browse may have a different nutrient make-up, thus resulting in an unbalanced diet. By reviewing the literature on the rhino's digestive anatomy and physiology, wild diets, and present captive diets, guidelines can be established for captive diets. Digestive Anatomy and PhygiolQgy The black rhinoceros' upper lip is a prehensile appendage which wraps around feedstuff and draws it into the mouth (Ritchie, 1963). The mouth contains twenty-eight, low crowned, browsing cheek teeth (premolar 4/4, molar 3/3) which are efficient at grinding fibrous feedstuff (Nelson and Fowler, 1986). The gastrointestinal tract, described by Clemens and Maloiy, 1982, consists of the cranial and caudal halves of the stomach, three equal segments of the small intestine, the caecum, and five segments of the colon (Figure 1). The stomach is generally non- compartmentalized with the cranial one-half to two-thirds comprised of stratified squamous tissue and the caudal portion is glandular epithelium (Cave and Aumonier, 1963). Although the stomach appears structurally non-compartmentalized, differences in pH, sodium, potassium, and osmolality suggest less mixing of ingesta. The data on volatile fatty acid and lactic acid indicate it as a site of bacterial activity with rapid fermentation (Clemens and Maloiy, 1982). Figure 1. Gastrointestinal tract of a rhinoceros. Clemens and Maloiy (1982) 401 Black Rhinoceros Nutrition. Continued Although the stomach is a site of bacterial activity, the caecum is the principal site of fermentation. Caecal fermentation is indicated by high levels of volatile fatty acids. A high acetate to propionate ratio shows that the rate of fermentation is slow (Clemens and Maloiy, 1982). The colon is also a fermentation site. This is indicated by the presence of 53 to 80 mmoles/1 volatile fatty acid concentrations. The bacterial activity is less than in the caecum and greater than in the stomach (Clemens and Maloiy, 1982). To summarize, the prehensile feeding style of the black rhinoceros enables it to be selective. The black rhino relies on enteric microbes for fermentation and degradation of fiberous materials. The major sites of fermentation are the caecum and, to a lesser extent, the colon. The structural characteristics and physiological properties of the gastrointestinal tract are similar to that of the pony and donkey (Argenzio and Stevens, 1975; Maloiy and Clemens, 1980). Wild Diet Three food preference studies were done on black rhinos in their native habitat. Two studies were authored by John Goddard. The first study was in northern Tanzania from 1964 to 1966 (Goddard, 1968). The second study was in Tsavo National Park, Kenya from 1967 to 1969 (Goddard, 1970). John Mukinya (1977) undertook the third study in the Masai Mara Game Reserve, Kenya from May 1971 to August 1972. In Goddard's Tanzanian study, two different black rhino populations were studied in six habitat types (plains-Ngorongoro, shrub, marsh, forest, plains-Olduval, and gorge). A total of 307 observation hours were taken in two seasons (wet: Nov.-Apr.; and dry: May- Oct.). Black rhinos were observed eating 191 plant species from 48 botanical families. Of the wide variety of ingested plants, legumes made up between 25-70% of the total diet in all six habitats. Green and succulent herbs were preferred throughout the year, but several herb dominants appeared to be unpalatable in large quantities. On the other hand, green succulent legumes appeared to be highly palatable. Grass was rejected except in the wet season. It was also noted in Goddard's Tanzanian study that the selectiveness of the black rhino was based on season, individual specimens of certain plant species, and select parts of individual plants. Some plant species were more available in one season than in others. Also, some plant species grew fresh shoots seasonally. Goddard observed rhinos feeding through a homogenous herb patch and they selected only certain specimens of the same species. Others were sniffed, but not eaten. Some specimens that appeared identical to ones accepted were rejected. The black rhinos ate only certain parts of many of the plants (e.g. inflorescence, stems, leaves and combinations of all three, or tips of shoots). The exact parts eaten seemed to depend on the species of plant. The coprophagus habit of the black rhino was observed on eight different occasions, but only in September and October and in areas where legumes were extremely sparse or dry. Goddard noted that the habitat may be a means of obtaining nitrogenous material in the absence of a rich source of protein in legumes. In Goddard's Tsavo study, black rhinos were observed in six habitats (grasslands, bush- grasslands, scrub-bush-grassland, bush-scrub, bush-grassland, bush-woodland). A total of 70 observation hours were taken in two seasons (wet: Dec. -May and dry: June-Nov.). They ate 102 plants species from 32 botanical families. The black rhinos concentrated between 60-80% of their feeding time on eating herbs and scrubs. Legumes consisted of between 40-75% of their diet. In this study, Goddard postulated that the relative abundance and availability of certain legumes may be the key to an optimum black rhino habitat. The grasslands habitat had a low amount of legumes and thus it had lower carrying capacity. Mukinya studied 108 black rhinoceroses in Masai Mara Game Reserve, Kenya. Observations were taken during three periods: May-Sep. 1971 (wet - semi-dry), Oct.-Feb. 402 Black Rhinoceros Nutrition, Continued 1971-72 (dry), and Feb.-May 1972 (wet - semi-dry). During 240 observation hours in thirteen distribution areas, black rhinos ate seventy plant species from thirty botanical families. In all areas, they were selective for herbs (up to 41% in wet - semi-dry season) and young trees (up to 69% in dry season). Mukinya observed that the black rhinos fed during two peak periods, between 7:30 - 12:00 hours and between 14:00 and 19:00 hours. They drank water primarily at night. They visited salt holes on six occasions during the day and twice at night. Analytical tests done on these salt holes found them to contain magnesium, sodium, potassium, and calcium. In conclusion, due to its selective feeding habits, the protein content of the wild black rhino's diet is probably high. Jones (1979) suggests levels near 10-25% of the dry weight, thus allowing for seasonal variations. The black rhino forages during two day periods and drinks water primarily at night. At least during the dry period, when the food quality of plants is low, it will supplement its diet with salts. Also, in areas where legumes are sparse, dry and/or sterile, it may recycle nitrogens by consuming dung. Captive Diets Captive dietary information was found in the published Black Rhinoceros Survey (Maruska, 1986), which involved 47 facilities from the U.S.A. and other countries. Although the diets were varied in the types of feedstuff and the amounts fed, there are many similarities in overall dietary make-up. Eighty-eight percent of 45 facilities that specified crude protein content used a complete feed or grain mixture of 14% or higher. Of the 32 facilities that specified type of hay, 31% used alfalfa hay, 47% used alfalfa mixed with other types, and 9% used grass hay. In addition to concentrates and hay, produce was added by 77% of 44 facilities. Twenty-nine facilities offered trace mineral salt either free choice or supplemented in the diet (up to 1.5 pounds per week). Eighteen supplemented their diets with vitamins and nine (not in Africa) indicated that they fed browse regularly. Browse made up to 20% of the total "as fed" weight at two institutions. The types of browse used were Hutsache brush, Acacia, Phicus, Witstinkwood, Willow, Oak and various deciduous trees. PiggUggiQn In setting up dietary guidelines from the literature, three factors must be considered. First, although there are differences in gastrointestinal anatomy and feeding habits in a natural ecological setting, most wild species, like domestics, require specific nutrients, not specific feedstuff (Ullrey, 1980). Secondly, one must consider the order of nutritional requirements: water > energy > protein > mineral and vitamins (Clemens, 1985). The third factor is that the status of the animal (e.g working, growing, third trimester pregnancy, lactating, or non-productive adult) determines nutritional need (Hintz, 1977). Guidelines 1. Water - In the wild, black rhinos primarily drink at night. In captivity, fresh water should be provided at all times. The wild diet contains mostly succulent plants with a moisture content of up to 90% as compared to a captive diet with a moisture content as low as 20%. 2. Energy - The estimated daily requirement of net energy for a 5,000 to 7,000 pound rhino is twenty-four to thirty-two mega calories (Rohweder, 1980) or about twelve to thirteen calories per kilogram of body weight per day for maintenance (Wallach, 1983). Black rhinos in late pregnancy, in lactation, or weaning should receive less than 50% more energy over the maintenance requirement. Due to their fermentation abilities, a good quality alfalfa hay should meet the energy requirement for maintenance. 3. Protein - Although the browsing black rhinoceros consumes forage with a higher protein content than the grazing white rhinoceros, the protein requirement for both species is probably the same when the total nitrogen intake over a 24-hour period is considered. The black rhinos daily food capacity is not as great as its grazing relative (Jones, 1979). If given excessive protein, black rhinos may be subjected to excessive hoof growth, laminitis, and/or abnormal hoof growth. 403 Black Rhinoceros Nutrition. Continued Table 1. General Mammal Vitamin and Mineral Requirements (Ullrey and Allen, 1986) T^ype Requirement vitamin A 2,000 to 10,000 IU/kg diet vitamin D 200 to 1,000 IU/kg diet vitamin E 15 to 100 IU/kg diet vitamin K (if vitamin K antagonist is present, 2 to 5 mg Menadione/kg diet) thiamine 1/2 to 3mg/kg diet riboflavin 2 to 4mg/kg diet pantothenic acid 10 to 20mg/kg diet niacin 10 to 30mg/kg diet vitamin B6 1 to 2mg/kg diet biotin 100 to 300pg/kg diet vitamin Bi2 5 to 25pgkg diet choline 200 to lOOOmg/kg diet vitamin C (if not synthesized 50 to lOOmg/kg diet) calcium 0.20 to 2.75 % of diet phosphorus 0.10 to 0.80% of diet magnesium 0.04 to 0.20 % of diet sodium 0.08 to 0.30 % of diet chlorine 0.10 to 0.30 % of diet potassium 0.20 to 0.80 % of diet sulfur (wool producer dietary nitrogen-sulfur ratio no greater than 10:1 and non-wool producers no greater than 12 to 15:1) iron . 40 to 100 ppm copper 5 to 10 ppm non-ruminant iodine 1 to 10 ppm ruminant 0.05 to 0.15 ppm growth 0.2 to 1.0 ppm reproduction cobalt 0.1 ppm ruminant zinc 40 to 80 ppm magnesium less than 10 ppm selenoium 0.05 to 0.03 ppm Table 2. Required protein content of concentrate when feeding legume hay or grass hay (percent). (Hintz, 1977). Status Legume Hay Grass Hay weanlings 14 - 16 18 - 20 growing 12 - 14 15 - 18 maintenance 8 - 10 8 - 10 gestation 10 - 12 12 - 14 lactation 12 - 14 15 - 18 404 Black Rhinoceros Nutrition. Continued The dietary protein requirements for a mature animal for maintenance ranges from 8 to 10%. Levels of 11 to 12% are required for the last third of a pregnancy and levels of 13 to 15% for growth and lactation (Hintz, 1977). 4. Vitamins and Minerals - The dietary requirements for mammals are generalized in Table I. In addition, Jones (1979) reported that the plasma of captive rhinos often contains moderate levels of carotene but almost no vitamin A. Injection of vitamin A and oral doses of vitamin C appear to improve a number of cases of dermal lesions, indicating either the rhinos do not receive sufficient amounts of vitamin A or they cannot utilize commercial forms of the vitamin. Also, rhinos may not be able to make vitamin C (Jones, 1979). It should also be noted that the nutrient requirement for older animals is reversed, which places a greater importance on vitamins and minerals. 5. The selection of feedstuff - The selection of hay should be made on price versus efficiency. Rhinos fed diets containing either legume hay or grass hay have produced offspring. Legume hays are generally higher in protein, vitamins, and minerals, which requires less supplementation. Grass hays are lower in protein and minerals, and higher in fiber. In periods when legume hay prices are high, grass hay could supplement or replace alfalfa if additional supplements are cost effective. The selection of a concentrated feed should be based on two factors: animal condition and type of hay (see Table 2). A good quality hay and concentrated feed should contain sufficient amounts of vitamins and most minerals. If there is concern about usable vitamin A levels, carrots, kale and/or sweet potatoes can be added. Special attention should be given to calcium and phosphorus levels when a cow is lactating. Trace mineral salt should be free-choice or added to a diet to insure mineral levels. Browse can be very therapeutic and should be added to the diet. Caution should be taken to avoid creating an imbalance by feeding large amounts or by the side effects of secondary plant products. Conclusion By reviewing the literature about other species' digestive anatomy and physiology, wild diets and present captive diets, similar guidelines could be set up to examine and improve their captive diets. References Argenzio, R.A. and Stevens, C.E. (1975). Cyclic changes in ionic composition of digesta in the equine tract. Am. J. Physiol. 228: 1224-1230. Cave, A.J.E. and Aumonier, F.J. (1963). The visceral histology of Sumatran rhinoceros. J.R. Microsc. Soc. 82:29-37. Clemens, Edgar (1985). Identifying animals with special nutritional needs. Unpublished Proceedings for the Fifth Annual Dr. Scholl Nutrition Conference. Clemens, E.T. and Maloiy, G.M.O. (1982). The digestive physiology of three African herbivores: the elephant, rhinoceros, and hippopotamus. J. Zool. London 198:141-156. Goddard, John (1968). Food preference of two black rhinoceros populations. E. Afr. Wildl. J. 6:1-18. Goddard, John (1970). Food preference of black rhinoceros in Tsavo National Park. E. Afr. Wildl. J. 8:145-161. Hintz, Harold (1977). The Nutrition of the Horse. In The Horse. Evans, Borton, Hintz, and VanVleck (eds.). W.H. Freeman and Company, New York. 3:241-329. Jones, D.M. (1979). The husbandry and veterinary care of captive rhinoceroses. International Zoo Yearbook. Olney, P.J.S. (ed.) Zoological Society of London. London 19:239-252. 405 Black Rhinoceros Nutrition. Continued Maloiy, G.M.O. and Clemens, E.T. (1980). Gastrointestinal osmolality, electrocytes, and organic composition in five species of East African herbivore mammals. J. Amin. Sci. 51:917-924. Maruska, E.J., Dresser, B.L. and Barden, B.D. (1986). Black rhinoceros husbandry, reproduction, health survey results. Cincinnati Zoo, Cincinnati, OH. Mukinya, John G. (1977). Feeding and drinking habits of the black rhinoceros in Masai Mara Game Reserve. E. Afr. Wildl. J. 15:125-138. Nelson, L. and Fowler, M.E. (1986). Rhinocerotidae. In Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine. Fowler, M.E. (ed.). W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, PA. 934-938. Ritchie, A.T.A. (1963). The Black Rhinoceros ( Diceros bicornis). E. Afr. Wildl. J. 1:54-62 Rohweder, Dwayne A. (1980). Forage quality as related to animal needs and forage evaluation. The Proceedings of the First Annual Dr. School Nutrition Conference. 1:283-311. Wallach, Joel D. and Boever, William J. (1983). Perissodactyla. In Diseases of Exotic Animals: Medical and Surgical Management. W.B. Saunders Co. Philadelphia, PA. 18:761-829. Ullrey, Duane E. (1980). Establishing the nutrient requirements of exotic animals. The Proceedings of the First Annual Dr. School Nutrition Conference. 1:39-59. Ullrey, Duane E. and Allen, Mary E. (1986). Principles of Zoo Mammal Nutrition. In Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine. Fowler, M.E. (ed.). W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, PA. 516-532. Dedication and Acknowledgement I dedicate this paper to my father, Mr. William Rindler, for paying for my college education. I would also like to thank my fellow colleague and friend, Carl Gyarmaty, for his expert editing job. (Editor's Note: This paper was presented at the 1987 AAZK Great Lakes Regional at the Toledo Zoo, Toledo, OH.) 406 Windhoek/Etosha Pans/Waterburg/Koakoveld Skeleton Coast/Swakopmund/Johannesburg Departure New York ; February 19, 1991 for 19 days of Excitement 1 day spent on a private guest farm, most excellent area for birding 4 days in the Etosha Pans Area salt pan - an enormous shallow depression over 100 km across with numerous perennial springs around its edges. Here large concentrations of game and birdlife will whet your appetite. 3 days camping in the Damaraland area, looking for the desert elephant, black rhino and viewing rock paintings, large specimen of the well known ancient plant - Welwitschia Mirabillis. 4 days on the Skeleton Coast, wind swept sand dunes, open gravel plains and treacherous coastline. A region of rare beauty, with canyons, sand-dunes and small groups of hardy desert animals. The Cape Cross seal colony, where seals breed in their tens of thousands. Wander around the lively old town of Swakopmund and visit Walvis Bay with time for fishing. 2 days in the Johannesburg area with optional tours to the world famous Pretoria and Johannesburg Zoos, to meet your colleagues and friends. Total Safari Cost, Land/Air $2895.00 per person double occupancy CALL FOR MORE INFORMATION 1-800-323-8020 P.O.Box 178, Bloomingdale, IL 60108 §AAZK Diet Notebook Mammals, Volume 1 ©ISBUIS. IF®S£M The AAZK Diet Notebook, Mammals - - Volume 1 contains approximately 325 diets representing 213 species and subspecies from fourteen participating institutions. The diets are arranged by taxonomic order using ISIS numbers in a durable and attractive three- ring binder. Each Diet Response Form included in Volume 1 contains the following information: common name, scientific name, ISIS number, the contributing individual, their institution and its address, how long the diet has been used, whether the animals have bred while on the diet, the diet ingredients, instructions for preparation, notes and remarks, special considerations and nutritional analysis (if available). The Diet Notebook is a copyrighted publication of the American Association of Zoo Keepers, Inc., and may be ordered by filling out the following form and sending it, along with a check or money order (U.S. FUNDS ONLY) made payable to "AAZK Diet Notebook" to: Diet Notebook Order, AAZK, 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606 U.S.A. Cost of the Diet Notebook is as follows: 1) AAZK Members $40.00; 2) Non-members $55.00; 3) Institutions $70.00. These prices represent prepaid order prices and include postage for the U.S. and Canada. Those placing orders from overseas should contact AAZK Administrative Offices, 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606 for additional postage charges. Please allow 4-6 weeks for delivery. CT1*— O’T- CT5*- CT5*- CT5*— 0**“ O1*- 0**“ CT1*- CT1*" 0**“ o>T“- AAZK DIET NOTEBOOK ORDER FORM I wish to order — — — copy (ies) of the AAZK Diet Notebook, (check one) AAZK Member __ Non-Member ___ Institution . Total amount enclosed: $ Name: - Address: „ .... City: State/Province: Zip/Postal Code: Telephone: ALL ORDERS MUST BE PREPAID Book Don't Shoot The Dog: The New Art of Teaching and Training By Karen Pryor, 1984, Bantam Books, New York, NY 187 pgs. Paperback. Price: $4.50 Hardback Edition available from Simon & Schuster Review By Ellen Leach Zookeeper Woodland Park Zoo Seattle, WA Don't be misled by the book's title. This is not a book primarily about dog training. Rather, it imparts teaching principles that apply across all species, from scallops and crabs to elephants and in-laws. The book has wide application; it was recommended to me by a range of people, including a mother of teenagers and an animal behavior counselor. Like most zookeepers, I have a long standing interest in animal behavior. Karen Pryor describes the areas in animal behavior “as resembling three interlocking rings, like the Ballantine beer logo. In one ring are the behaviorists such as Skinner and everything we know about learning and cognition; in another ring are the ethologists such as Lorenz and everything we know about the biological evolution of behavior; and in the third ring is behavior we don't yet understand well, such as play. And each ring shares part of its contents by overlapping with the other two.” It seems keepers get a fair amount of exposure to ethology, but not much to learning and cognition. Yet, almost all of us find ourselves in teaching/training situations with the animals in our care, ranging from simple cage shifting to complex routines for public presentations. After thirteen years of zookeeoine. I had numerous questions in the area of animal behavior conditioning. I find Don't Shoot the Dog, which received an award from the American Psychological Association for Excellence in the Media, has answered many of them. The book is divided into five sections. The first centers on how reinforcement is different from reward and punishment, and why it is more effective. I often hear “punishment” and “negative reinforcement” used synonymously, indicating a commonly-held misunderstanding. The two are distinctly different. The next section explains the technique of shaping, the basis of much training, and explains ten rules for shaping. Section three covers stimulus control, including rules, types and magnitudes. It also covers such interesting behavior as “pre-learning dips” and tantrums. The fourth section describes eight methods of untraining-getting rid of unwanted behaviors. The methods range from the most severe method, dubbed “Shoot the Animal”, to “the fundamental and most kindly method” called “Change the Motivation.” The last section, “Reinforcement in the Real World”, gives examples of application and points out the “window that the training opens up into the animal's mind” with some 409 Book Review. Continued delightful zoo examples. My personal favorite is the story of the elephant who, during a training session to throw a frisbee, tried to train the trainer (the author) to unlock her cage! The author is a widely-known trainer, writer and lecturer. She has written many articles and other books including the recently reprinted Lads Before the Wind. Diary of a Dolnhin Trainer (Sunshine Books, North Bend, WA). If you have problems locating a copy of Don't Shoot the Dog locally, it is available by mail or phone order from the following two bookstores in Seattle: The Elliott Bay Book Company 101 S. Main Street Seattle, WA 98104 (206) 624-6600 Chapter News Western New York Chanter of AAZK The Buffalo Zoo is proud to announce the reinstatement of an AAZK Chapter in Western New York. The enthusiasm of some new and fresher members have led to reformation of the Chapter after a many year absence. In August of this year we held our first organized meeting and elected the following as officers: President Nancy Stengel Vice Pres Kevin Murphy Secretary Kathryn Mullane Treasurer.. Aimee DeAngelo-Wasmund We are currently supporting two conservation projects: the Ngare Sergoi Rhino Support Group and The Nature Conservancy. The money raised from our pop can collection will go toward our conservation projects. Our Vice President, Kevin Murphy, hosted a slide presentation of various zoos and their differences in exhibit work. Our next meeting, also hosted by Kevin, will present work on the “Andean Condor Release Program”. This meeting has been opened to the students and staff of the local colleges and members of the Museum of Science. It is great to be back as an AAZK Chapter- this time we are off to a great start! --Kathryn Mullane, Secretary University Book Store 4326 University Way N.E. Seattle, WA 98105 Bronx Zoo AAZK Chapter The annual Chapter Barbecue was a great success. We had a fantastic turnout and all had fun participating in the Zoolympics developed by the “creative genius” Alison Hart (Thanks, Alison). The Silent Auction was also a success and the officers would like to thank all those who donated their goods, services and time to the whole venture. We couldn't have done it without you. The Chapter will be switching its recycling emphasis from bottles and cans to plastics over the next few weeks as the Society begins its recycling program. The photo contest, another Chapter fundraising event, is in the makings for future Chapter conservation projects. -Peter Psillas, Chapter Liaison San Diego AAZK Chapter Gary Priest, head trainer at the San Diego Zoo, presented an excellent video lecture titled “The Use of Operent Conditioning in Training Husbandry Behaviors with Captive Exotic Animals”, at our Otober meeting. Gary's main subject is a diabetic drill named ‘Loon’ that he has trained to obtain medical procedures such as insulin injections, semen and urine samples and blood collections. Impressive! Gary was this year's well-deserved recipient of a $300 grant from the San Diego Chapter to present this paper at the National AAZK Conference held last month in New Orleans. -Mary Dural, Chapter Liaison 410 Chapter News, Continued Los Angeles Chapter AAZK At our AAZK monthly meeting in October, Victor Bolanos, one of our Vet Assistants and a native of Guatemala, talked to us on the conditions at Zoologico Nacional “La Aurora” Guatemala, Central America, and his plans for its future. Victor has spent a lot of time and effort helping “La Aurora” and it's an ongoing labor of love for him. He is helping them in updating their animal keeping practices, making information on the latest medical techniques and pharmaceuticals available to their veterinary staff. He is also assisting them in research projects and conservation efforts. We at AAZK/ LA are very proud of Victor's work and involvement and are planning on helping him as much as possible. We have contributed $100 to the Audubon Park AAZK for their special project to aid the Association of Mesoamerican Zoos (AMZOO). recycling program at our zoo. Westside has provided us with recycling bins in which we are able to deposit all our recyclable items. String keepers have designated spots in their section or on their string where items are stored. Items are picked up weekly, or as needed, by AAZK and placed in the bins; Westside then transports the bins to their recycling facility. -Linda Cory, Chapter Liaison With the financial help of the LA AAZK Chapter, a mural of the Himilayan mountains was painted on four walls of the inside exhibit of the China Pavillion which houses a pair of Snow leopards ( Panthera uncia ). (see photo insert) Australian artist Silvia Jahnsons lent her talents along with a volunteer crew of keepers and docents. The project was completed in one night of work in order to avoid a long lock-out period for the cats. “We wanted to create a feeling of being high up in the mountains and of the coldness of the snow leopards' natural habitat,” said Jahnsons. With help from Westside Recycling of Glendale, CA, our AAZK has started a -Ruth Yakushiji The LA AAZK Chapter helped finance the painting of this snow leopard exhibit with a mural of the Himilayan Mountains. Work was done by keepers and volunteers. 411 Chapter News. Continued The Oklahoma City Zoo AAZK Chapter We've been rather quiet here, but we have been busy here also. We formed our Chapter in January, 1990 and immediately began a recycling program to provide income every month. We began recycling aluminum cans and newspapers. Eventually though we stopped with newspapers. The sheer volume was staggering and transport became very difficult. Now we're collecting baling wire instead. We held a Fun-N-Games Carnival at our yearly employees summer picnic. We provided two games and a cake raffle which were great successes. The children had a blast and the adults were happy to have the children occupied. Our P.R. department provided all the prizes and a 50-foot Dragon kite to be raffled. Our members bakes cakes and brownies for the raffle also. We raised $50 for our bank account. We plan to do it again next year. Our Chapter volunteered to work at the the Oklahoma Herpetologia Society's October 5th annual meeting at the Zoo. We guided herpers to Aquaticus, worked the registration and kept food trays full. We had a great deal of fun and gained recognition with the zoo staff. Every year we have “Haunt the Zoo” around Halloween. The zoo is transformed into a magical illusion of fright. We provide a safe and scarey haven for trick-or-treaters on Halloween night. Our Herpetarium becomes the “Haunted Herp” and our herp crew does an outstanding job of scaring the dickens out of folks! This year, on 28 October, our AAZK Chapter participated in the Haunted Herp. This year's theme was Horrow Movies and proved to be a scarey night of gore. AAZK also provided cashiers and photographers for the event. On 1 December, AAZK sponsored the first annual “Christmas Shopping at the Zoo” fundraiser, benefitting the Ecosystem Survival Plan Adopt-an-Acre Program. Various zoo employees donated their time and talents to provide crafts and baked good for the sale. We have many talented artists and our sale not only provided funding for the Adopt-an-Acre Program, but also provided the opportunity for these individuals to display their art forms in a more public manner. We have also restructured our meetings. The officers meet prior to the general meeting to discuss our format. We had a film about bluebirds at our October meeting and a lecture on bats at the November meeting. Our attendance has increased the last couple of meetings and we have some new members. Our biggest obstacle has been gaining recognition as an organization within the zoo, but we're on our way and we're looking forward to 1991 and all the challenges it will present. -Robin Hurley, President Rockv Mountain AAZK Chanter Our Chapter has been going strong for the past few months. Our monthly meetings have been exciting and we have been privileged to have some very interesting guest speakers. These included Sue Woods, a PhD candidate who has been researching and collecting hours of data on enrichment techniques involving the gorillas at the Denver Zoo. Sue presented some slides and her findings. Russ Young, a Chapter member, presented a video on his adventures with the Earthwatch Black Bear Project in the Pisgah National Forest. We had representatives of the Fish and Wildlife Service lecture about the Rocky Mountain Arsenal and the wildlife research projects going on there. Later we toured the Arsenal to view the abundant native species. Thanks to all our guest speakers! We have finally designed a Chapter logo which is currently in the finishing process and should be completed soon. On the fundraising side, we have had a couple of successful garage sales which brought in a total of $750. Currently, our most exciting project is getting some Rainforest Crunch to sell in the zoo gift shop. We are still working out the details but are looking forward to this opportunity. At our October meeting the Chapter voted unanimously to donate $100 to the project put together by the Audubon AAZK 412 Chapter News. Continued Chapter to donate animal identification kits for Central American zoos. Finally, two of our members, Marlene Kumpf and Cate Werner, represented our chapter and the Denver Zoo at the AAZK Conference in New Orleans. --Karen Stern, Vice President Brodsfield Zw MZK Chapter The Brookfield Chapter of AAZK sent $400 of the money it raised through its aluminum recycling program to World Wildlife Fund in support of their conservation efforts. Future profits will be donated to smaller conservation organizations on the recommendation of zoo management. In July, Primate keepers Craig Demitros and Alan Varsik gave a video presentation and talk on the hand- rearing and re-socialization of two infant gorillas. The video “Raising Gorillas, the Story of Kwisha and Kwizera” produced by Craig Demitros and Howard Greenblatt was presented at the Gorilla Conference in June and was one of five finalists at the International Television Associations Annual Awards ceremony. Throughout the spring and summer AAZK gave lunchtime tours of both animal and non-animal areas including the new Fragile Kingdom, the genetics lab and the design department. Summer ended successfully with the first annual AAZK picnic. The Chapter also was able to sponsor five keepers to go to the AAZK Conference in New Orleans last month. Brookfield's AAZK Chapter has a new logo (see insert). A contest run in the spring was won by William Bonucci III. The Animal Stories Book is still available through the Chapter. -Betty Barst Information Please What does your zoo use in the way of safety/rescue equipment in the area of deep, dry moats? Please send suggestions or ideas to: Pittsburgh Zoo, P.O. Box 5250, Pittsburgh, PA 15206, Attn: Safety Committee OR FAX to 412-665-3661. Long-time AAZK member Rick Passaro is currently working as Director of the Zoological and Botanical Foundation of St. Maarten in the Netherland Antilles. This Foundation is presently constructing a zoo whose theme will be the flora and fauna of the Caribbean Basin and South America. Rick is currently working on putting together education programs to be conducted on the zoo grounds and in the local school system. He has requested that any members who have information, guides, posters, suggestions, other resources, etc. pertinent to the zoo's theme and who would be willing to share these with him, please write him at: P.O. Box 2531 Madame Estate, St. Maarten, Neth, Antilles. The phone number is ( 599-5) 22748 and the FAX number is (599-5) 24924. Any and all help will be greatly appreciated. 413 AAZK Keeper Training Video Tape Project The goal of the AAZK Keeper Training Video Tape Project is to produce quality video tape training programs suitable to supplement existing in-house training of entry level keepers. These tapes are not intended to be a complete training program in themselves. All proceeds generated from the sale of training tapes will be used to finance production of future training tapes. Two tapes are currently available. Zoo Keeper Safety Attitude Adjustment - This 18-minute program does not attempt to address the numerous variable specifics of this subject. It presents a safety approach to the job of zoo keeping, and promotes constant awareness and personal responsibility for safety. A Zoo Keeper's Introduction to Feeds and Feeding - A half-hour introduction to the complex subject of feeds and feeding of zoo animals. Topics covered include what, when, and where to feed. AAZK Keeper Training Video Tape Purchase Agreement Responsibilities and Restrictions of the Buyer 1) The tape may not be duplicated or made available to any person or institution for the purpose of duplication. 2) The tape may not be utilized for any commercial purpose. 3) Should the buyer decide the tape will not be useful to their train- ing program, the undamaged tape may be returned within 14 days of receipt for a partial refund - $10 for BETA and VHS, $18 for 3/4-inch. For orders shipped outside USA please add $5.00 for postage and insurance. I, the undersigned, accept the responsibility for the restrictions listed above. Name: (type or print) Signature: Date: Organization/Institution: Shipping Address: City: State: Zip: Telephone: ( ) Tape Title: Format: BETA VHS 3/4 INCH $25 $25 $35 Make checks payable to: "AAZK " Mail To: Training Videotapes, AAZK Administrative Offices, 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606. A New Trend of Aquarium-World in Japan By Yoshi. Yonetani, Zoo I DEL I Japan The newest and the largest indoor aquarium in Japan opened on 20 July 1990. Located by a large harbor, it's called Osaka Aquarium “Kai-yu-kan” (pronounced ki-u-can) whose name means “pleasure with sea”. This eight story ocean life pavilion was built of reinforced concrete (partially steel framed) and is approximately 3800 sq. meters in size. The world-class aquarium is designed with ‘Ring of Fire’ as its unique theme, represented by the different environments to be found in the Pacific Basin, surrounded by the five continents of Asia, Australia, Antarctica, South & North America. The theme is based on their excellent concept that the continuous zone of volcanoes and earthquake faults in the Basin is the largest of its kind on our planet and Kaiyukan takes you on a fantastic journey around this necklace of living treasures by way of its 14 exhibits. We enter the gate and then go up to the roof-top via a long escalator. Our tour starts at the first exhibit (Japanese Forest/Northwest Pacific) and leads to the other 13 exhibits by carpet- covered corridors. Kaiyukan has been planned to give visitors an authentic impression of what it would be like to walk underwater in the Pacific. The water cycle begins in the mists and gentle rain of the mountains. One passes through rocky cascades from a large- scaled artificial waterfall to join a river where you see some freshwater fish such as trout along with giant salamanders, wood ducks and playful river otters. (These otters are not Japanese one which are close to extinction, but rather the small-clawed variety from S.E. Asia.) * water - 60 tons The Second Exhibit is the Aleutian Islands/N. Pacific, an area which contains the largest chain of active volcanoes in North America. The main species viewed here are sea otters from Alaska. Even this huge aquarium cannot hold in its tanks the majestic whale, but visitors can get a feel for this species via technical landscape displays. *250 tons The Third Exhibit is Monterey Bay/ Northeast Pacific where rocky cliffs of the California coast are home to a group of marine mammals such as sea lions and harbor seals. Unfortunately elephant seals are not exhibited. *1050 tons The Fourth Exhibit is a Kelp Forest where spectacular undersea forests flourish. We have to tolerate the fact that it is not the same as the Monterey Bay Aquarium which recently concluded a sister-relationship aquarium with Tokyo Sealife Park. It's very difficult to maintain kelp's natural setting in captivity. Therefore, these kelp beds were made by the magic of the Larson Company of Tucson, AZ which also constructed artificial rock-works, trees and coral reefs. The Larson Co. took part in this Japanese zoological project after completing work at Tokyo Sealife Park which belongs to Ueno Zoo, Tokyo. *300 tons The Fifth Exhibit, Gulf of Panama/E. Pacific, depicts the tropical dry season when many trees have lost their leaves. During the dry season, the waterholes become important life- spaces. Here the visitor sees mud turtles and finds wading birds on the edge of the pond. Also, other exotic animals like two-toes sloths hang on nearby branches. *500 tons The Sixth Exhibit, the Ecuadoran Rain Forest, has a mysterious atmosphere of a place which boasts the greatest diversity of lush plants & animals in all of the Amazon River Basin. There are many curious river fish such as an Arapaima and a Bony Tongue displayed in the stream in front of the leaping Squirrel Monkey's jungle. Anacondas and Green Iguanas and Spectacled Caiman represent the reptiles in this setting. *250 tons 415 A New Trend of Aquarium World in Japan. Continued The Seventh Exhibit, the Coast of Chile/Southeast Pacific, displays the vast numbers of Sardines which travel in large schools in this region. On my personal view, I would have liked to see guanos of cormorant in a coastal front in this exhibit. *250 tons Exhibit Eight, Antarctica/South Polar Pacific, displays a colony of three species of Penguin (King, Gentoo, Rockhopper). These animals are a branch group from Sea World, USA. The real icy powders shoot from the ceiling of the tank for penguin's floes. It seems like a small-scaled Penguin Encounter from Sea World. *350 tons The Ninth Exhibit, Tasman Sea/Southwest Pacific, exhibits dolphins. You might be surprised to see two Commerson’s ‘panda’ dolphins, and we wonder to notice their different habitat. *1350 tons Exhibit Ten, Cook Strait/Southwest Pacific, mostly displays sea turtles which arrive in New Zealand with the warmer currents from the north. But there is no landing space for their hatching in sand incorporated in this exhibit. Who knows about the breeding program for them in the future? *350 tons Exhibit 11, Great Barrier Reef/W. Pacific, features a partial replica of the biggest structure ever built by any living creatures. Though I was sorry not to see a living coral reef in the tank, I was satisfied with the good imitation they had rendered and the reef was alive with many colorful fish. *450 tons Osaka Aquarium, Kaiyukan, opened in July 1990 is the largest aquarium in Japan. (Photo by Yoshi. Yonetani) Exhibit Twelve, Seto Inland Sea/Northwest Pacific, displays many beautiful fish. The advancement of aquaculture is one of Japan’s greatest achievements and the Inland Sea Exhibit one of the world's aquaculture showcases. The actual Inland Sea is 250 miles long with more islands than the Aegeau. *150 tons 416 A New Trend of Aquarium World in Japan. Continued Exhibit 13, Japan Deeps/Northwest Pacific, is a blue-light zone exhibiting the world's largest crustaceans; Giant Spider Crabs on parade against a backdrop of sea-lilies. *80 tons The 14th and final Exhibit has the Pacific Ocean itself as a centerpiece. This 9 m high and 34 m long tank's capacity is approximately 5400 tons. In this connection, for capacity of other tanks in round numbers, it's shown by (*) at the end of each exhibits description. The total water capacity is 11,000 tons, each of which is used to illustrate the unique aspects of marine life in the Pacific Ocean. Here we see a young whale shark ( Rhincodon typus ) among other various sharks, sting-rays, and a school of tuna. This is the second time a whale shark has been displayed in captivity in Japan; the first being at the Okinawa International Ocean Expo Memorial Park Aquarium. The exterior architecture of Kaiyukan also expresses the ‘Ring of Fire’ theme. Blue walls of tile represent the large sections of ocean water within. Red glass at the top symbolizes the ocean's ring of volcanoes, and supports a crystalline crown of habitats under clear glass skylights. Next door to the aquarium, the term ‘festive marketplace’ signifies an area with genuinely festive atmosphere, not just a supermarket selling prepackaged goods. The Harbor Village on this site is very similar to those waterfront projects in Boston or Baltimore in the U.S. About 16,000 specimens from 300 species of animals and 3,500 specimens from 150 plant varieties are exhibited inside. The living creatures are not alone in adding color to the interior. Molded from real geological structures, the boulders, sea cliffs, or coral reefs were intricately formed to recreate natural coastal environments. All sea water in the 14 exhibit tanks is recycled every 24 hours through 100 filters which are part of the life support system. Bacteria and viruses that cannot be removed by the filters are killed by ozone which also dissolves tiny substances and allows light penetration within tanks to increase so that living creatures inside can be seen even more clearly. The Aquarium staff check the water every day to maintain the most appropriate environment for the animals' health. At Kaiyukan the visitor is in the ocean's labyrinth, immersed between walls of water, surrounded by aqua-life. Hopefully, this will make visitors more seriously consider the conservation of our seas in and out of Kaiyukan. AAZK Administrative Offices 1-800-242-4519 (U.S. Only) 1-800-468-1966 (Canada) FAX 913-272-2539 417 Acrylic Resin Upper Beak Replacement in a Red-Breasted Toucan By Ed Hansen, Senior Keeper Reid Park Zoo, Tucson, AZ In January 1988 the Reid Park Zoo purchased a pair of Red-breasted toucans ( Ramphastos dicolorus) from the Burnet Park Zoo. The Animal Data Transfer Form stated that both birds were captive-bred (0.1 Phoenix, AZ - 1.0 Lion Country Safari, FL). After a 45-day separate quarantine period, the birds were placed side by side in 8' x 15' x 7' flight cages, separated by a 3' walkway. They remained here for a period of 6 months. Introduction occurred in August of 1988 by opening the common doors and allowing “come and go” access between the well-planted flights. Upon discovery of the open door, the male immediately attacked the female. They were quickly separated. Supervised access was offered over the next few days with the same result. Some primary flight feathers from the male were removed, enough to allow him maneuverability, yet give the female ample opportunity to elude him. After 7 days of one-hour introductions, the pair settled down and accepted each other with a minimum of fighting. Twenty-four hour compatibility was achieved one month after the initial introduction. In March of 1989 a nest site was provided. The female took an immediate interest in the nest can and a complete personality change emerged. The female became increasingly defensive of the site and considerably more aggressive towards the male. Although she spent a great deal of time in the nest, no eggs were laid during the season. With the approach of the 1990 breeding season, the decision was made to place the pair on display. They were provided with a hollowed out palm log as a nesting site. The female exhibited the same aggressive behavior as before, even driving the male into hiding within the enclosure. The decision was made to let this aggression “play itself out” as it had done the previous year. On 9 May 1990, the female bit off 1 1/2 inches of the male's upper beak. He was immediately brought to the hospital and treatment was begun. Male Red-breasted Toucan (Ramphastos dicolorus) prior to the replacement of his broken beak with an acrylic resin prosthesis. The beak was bitten off by a female toucan. 418 Acrylic Resin Upper Beak Replacement in a Red-breasted Toucan. Cont'd It bled profusely, but was a clean break that clotted quickly with the application of hemostatic powder. The immediate concern was the bird's ability to eat, however he exhibited the dexterity to pick up meatballs and other large chunks of food. Through veterinary contacts with a local orthodontic laboratory, the decision was made to provide the bird with a cosmetic yet functional prosthesis. The beak was cleaned and filed back utilizing a diamond file. A complete impression was obtained by emersing both the upper and lower beak into dental cement. This would ensure the proper curve to the artificial beak. Utilizing the same acrylic resin material that orthodontic “braces” are made of, the upper beak was cast, complete with matching “designer” colors. The first beak was affixed with Vetbond® (super glue) as a temporary measure, to allow the bird time to become familiar with the additional weight and to see if he would be able to manipulate it in the same manner as a real beak. He ate readily with the prosthesis within minutes of his return to the cage. Male Red-breasted Toucan shown after attachment of the permanent acrylic resin beak which is attached to the existing natural beak by stainless steel surgical screws. The permanent acrylic resin beak was affixed after a period of two weeks utilizing three stainless steel surgical bone screws (3/32" x 1/8"). The pilot holes were made with a dental drill into the hollow core of the upper beak, two on the left side and one on the right. The acrylic beak is constructed to slide onto the existing beak with an overlapping “flap” to accommodate the screws. It remains in place as of this date (9-90) with food intake normal. Cleanliness has not been a problem. On 10 July, reintroduction to the female took place with minimal aggression. Vetbond® Tissue Adhesive - 3M Animal Care Products, St. Paul, Minnesota. 419 The Zoo Keeper's Role in Safety By Wendy Wienker Senior Keeper I Registrar Woodland Park Zoological Gardens Seattle, WA Modern zoo keepers are the nucleus of zoo safety. Their actions or inactions can effect the safety of many people. Not only are they responsible for their own safety, but also for the safety of other keepers, volunteers, the animals in their care, and the the safety of the visiting public. To handle such a great range of responsibilities, keepers should receive comprehensive safety training, be aware of how to work safely, and apply safety principles to all aspects of their work. These three elements of safety: training, attitude, and application are essential in a profession that is potentially dangerous and often unpredictable. A comprehensive safety program consists of basic safety training, safety tours, refresher courses, workshops and written safety procedures. Keepers receive training in the classroom, in the animal areas and on the zoo grounds. Topics covered in basic safety training are: accident prevention, hazard identification, first aid, and the proper use of safety equipment. Animal safety classes include recognizing aggressive and dangerous animal behavior, restraint techniques, and animal escape procedures. Emergency procedures for rescuing the public from animal exhibits, evacuating the public from the zoo grounds, and for natural disasters are taught, rehearsed and periodically reviewed. New keepers receive safety training as part of their orientation program. Basic safety training teaches keepers techniques for working safely and identifying hazards in the work place. Common keeper injuries, e.g cuts, abrasions, strains and sprains, are often caused either by obstacles encountered during a routine work day or by unsafe work practices. Identifying hazards in the work place and working safely will reduce the incidents of common accidents such as tripping over a hose, slipping on a wet floor, cutting a finger chopping food, or injuring a hand on a gate. Some states have Worker's Right To Know legislation which requires keepers to receive training in the handling and use of chemicals and to use respirators, safety goggles and gloves when indicated. Up-to-date first aid training is especially important because the keeper is often the first person to arrive at the scene of an accident involving another keeper or a zoo visitor. Additional training, in proper lifting techniques, and the correct use of tools and equipment may help to reduce chronic injuries such as back injuries and tendonitis. Defensive driving is taught to keepers who use vehicles regularly. Driving safety is crucial where keepers drive vehicles in areas frequented by zoo visitors. Keepers should also receive training in zoonosis. They need to be aware of the potential health hazards inherent when working closely with animals, and to practice the necessary personal hygiene to prevent animal related diseases. Teaching keepers to work safely with animals begins with training in interpreting animal behavior and learning techniques for working closely with animals. Keepers learn to recognize normal behavior so they can be alert to any change that may indicate a potentially hazardous situation. It is important to have an understanding of breeding behavior, maternal and paternal behavior and the hierarchy of social animals. Some species are more aggressive than others and aggression can vary from specimen to specimen. Keepers need to have a general knowledge of the behavior of all zoo specimens and to be specialists in understanding the behaviors of the animals in their care. Techniques for working closely with animals will vary depending on the type of animal and the design of the enclosure. Animals, identified as dangerous, are generally shifted before a keeper enters their enclosure. Keepers must personally check to make sure dangerous animals have been shifted. They should never assume than an animal has been 420 The Zoo Keeper's Role in Safety. Continued, shifted or rely on second hand information. When returning to work from their days off, keepers need verbal or written instructions on any changes that have occurred in the unit. Continuity is essential in dangerous animal areas. All locks, gates and doors need to be checked and rechecked to verify that they are secure. Animal units should have written procedures for working with dangerous animals. These procedures should be updated regularly and reviewed by all unit personnel. Special skills are required for working with specimens which have the potential to be dangerous, but are considered safe enough for keepers to enter their enclosures. Flight distance, escape routes, tools which could be used as weapons and constant vigilance are some of the techniques keepers use to work safely with these animals. Sometimes two keepers are required when working with potentially dangerous animals such as elephants and large or poisonous snakes. Keepers working with these animals require training in the use of the special tools, the ankus for elephants, and the snake hook for reptiles. New keepers need to work closely with experienced unit keepers to become familiar with the animals and enclosures and to learn to recognize the potential dangers in the area. Animal restraint and capture techniques can be taught at workshops and in the animal area. Units should have written procedures for their areas. New employees are given the procedures to read, are instructed in the location and use of capture equipment and are taught restraint capture techniques by observing first hand before actively participating. A workshop may be used to demonstrate special animal procedures which are unusual or infrequent. As many keepers as practical are allowed to observe the procedure. Hoof trimming, ear tagging, leg banding, manual catching techniques and the use of animal chutes are some of the procedures which can be taught in workshops. Planning, teamwork and back-up are important aspects of animal restraint procedures. Staff involved in animal restraint procedures meet before the procedure, discuss the plan, assign tasks, and sometimes rehearse the procedure. Alternate plans and options are discussed. A decision is made before the procedure on who will be in charge during the procedure. Experienced keepers are used in primary or back-up positions. The safety of the primary keeper may depend on the keeper in the back-up position. New staff either observe or are assigned non-critical tasks. Good communication and teamwork greatly reduce the danger of injuries to animals and staff during restraint procedures. Animal escapes may endanger zoo staff and zoo visitors. A written animal escape procedure is essential to assign responsibilities and establish guidelines before an escape occurs. Who is in charge of an animal escape, what are the responsibilities of the keeper staff, and when the veterinary staff should be involved all need to be defined. Visitor safety, crowd control and public relations should also be addressed. Procedures for dangerous animal escapes should be reviewed with local police to assure coordination and communication during an emergency, and a zoo evacuation plan should be developed and rehearsed. Most escaped animals are not dangerous and injuries to these animals and staff can be minimized by carefully planned capture procedures. All animal escapes should be critiqued afterwards to prevent future escapes and to improve capture techniques. Emergency procedures need to be written and reviewed frequently. Since most emergencies occur infrequently, it is easy for emergency procedures to be overlooked. It is not enough for staff to know that a procedure exists, they must be able to implement it when the emergency arises. The lives of staff and visitors may depend on how staff respond to emergencies such as medical emergencies, fire, natural disasters, or rescuing a victim from a dangerous animal exhibit. All emergencies should be reviewed afterwards to evaluate and improve the procedures. Keeper staff should be familiar with all aspects of procedures for rescuing staff or visitors from dangerous animal exhibits. Zoo staff attend annual tours of dangerous animal areas where keeper staff assigned to those areas give a talk about their emergency procedures and locate and identify emergency equipment such as ladders, hoses, ropes, fire extinguishers, and life rings. Although all keepers are taught emergency procedures for dangerous animal areas, it is desirable to have the keepers working a particular unit respond to an emergency in their area because they are the most knowledgeable about their animals and equipment. 421 The Zoo Keener’s Role in Safety. Continued Additional staff arriving at an emergency can handle crowd control, meet and direct emergency vehicles and be a liaison with the press until the public information officer arrives. Procedures for rescuing people from dangerous animal exhibits are often speculative because the reaction of the animals cannot be tested and the condition of the victim, both mentally and physically, is not known until the emergency. Emergencies involving dangerous animals should be critiqued to determine if emergency procedures should be improved or modified. All zoos should have a procedure for handling natural disasters. Potential disasters will vary depending on the geographic location of the zoo, but results from disasters such as escaped animals, damaged buildings and utilities and injured staff or visitors, may be similar. During a disaster, a zoo may receive limited support from local agencies due to emergency priorities. Zoo staff must plan to be as self-sufficient as possible during a disaster. First priority is to protect the public from dangerous zoo specimens and to give first aid to the injured. A disaster plan will identify the key staff and equipment needed, and outline the steps necessary to secure the zoo and if possible maintain the collection. Communication is a critical element of safety during an emergency. Staff and volunteers must be trained to use lines of communication effectively. The first person on the scene of an emergency must know how to summon assistance. Communication during an emergency should be explicit and brief. It is imperative that one person monitor all communications to insure that all aspects of the emergency plan are being executed and to determine if additional assistance is needed. Phone systems and some radio systems may be inoperable during a natural disaster. Back-up generators may be necessary to operate communication systems. All aspects of communication need to be addressed in the emergency procedures. Well trained keepers will be aware of the importance of safety in all aspects of their profession. They will have been taught the skills to recognize hazards in the workplace and to work safely. They will also know safe techniques for animal capture and animal restraint and will be familiar with current emergency procedures. Safety training alone, however, will not assure that keepers will be safe keepers. For safety training to be effective, the keeper must have the right attitude about safety and conscientiously apply the techniques and procedures they have learned to their work. The attitude of a keeper not only affects the quality of their work but also how safely they work. The overworked keeper, the keeper with problems at home, the macho keeper and the unhappy keeper, all have attitudes which may compromise their own safety or the safety of others at the zoo. They may be preoccupied, indifferent or consider themselves invincible. Their perceptions, how they feel about their job, and how they perceive how others feel about them has a direct affect on all aspects of safety. The overworked keeper may be on the edge of burnout. Unable to keep up with their own personal expectations, the expectations of their supervisor, or an extra heavy workload, the overworked keeper may be working at an unsafe pace or be inattentive due to fatigue. A slow reaction time, a failure to notice hazards in the workplace, or a missed lock check could lead to a serious accident. Under normal conditions, the keeper with problems at home is probably a safe keeper, but preoccupation with problems at home may keep the keeper from focusing on the job at hand. This keeper may not notice an aggressive warning from an animal or see a child climbing over a fence. Problems at home need to be left at home. Zoo keeping is a dangerous profession which requires attention to detail at all times. The macho keeper is a remnant from an era of the cowboy. Minor injuries are considered part of the job. While macho keepers are trying to prove that they can do everything by themselves they may be endangering other keepers. Teamwork and back-up are valuable techniques when working with animals. It is important to know when to ask for assistance. 422 The ZQQ Keeper's Role in Safety, Continued The perceptions of the unhappy keeper may affect not only his/her safety but also the safety of other keepers. The unhappy keeper feels unappreciated, or disliked, or underpaid, or overworked or that their supervisor is out to get them. Whatever the perception, it strongly affects how the keeper looks at his/her job, co-workers and supervisors. This keeper may not care about his own safety or the safety of other keepers and zoo visitors. Keepers must have good attitudes about safety. They need to care about their own safety, the safety of their co-workers and the safety of zoo visitors. Safety training and a good attitude are only part of the keeper's role in safety. How keepers apply their safety knowledge and training, and how they improve safety in the workplace is the third element of keeper safety. How keepers apply their safety knowledge effects the whole zoo. Keepers influence keeper safety, animal safety and visitor safety. They can ignore unsafe situations, accept conditions “as is”, or actively affect change. The quality of keeper safety depends on the keeper taking an active role in all aspects of zoo safety. The keeper needs to identify safety problems, to recommend modifications and improvements, to correct unsafe actions by staff and visitors, and to apply safety principles to all aspects of their work. Keepers need to plan for safety, work safely, identify safety hazards, and evaluate work areas and animal procedures for improvements and modifications. Reviewing existing safety policies and procedures to maintain familiarity and update as needed, and planning for future projects and procedures are two ways that planning can help to make the keeper's job safer. By reviewing existing safety procedures, the keeper is prepared to respond to emergencies, carry out his/her assignment as safely and as efficiently as possible. Safety planning is an important aspect of animal capture and restraint procedures. When animal procedures are planned, keepers can identify potential safety hazards to animals or keepers ahead of time and modify the procedure to make it safer. Keepers can also provide safety input for planning new exhibits such as information on escape routes and barriers. To work safely, the keeper needs to focus on the job at hand and review a mental checklist of the elements required to complete the task safely. Is the keeper wearing the best clothing for the task, is assistance or back-up needed, and what objects or conditions may be hazardous, are some of the questions which should be addressed. Often the keeper must adjust to rapidly changing conditions. To work safely the keeper must constantly incorporate new safety information and apply it to the situation at hand. If the task involves working with animals, there are additional safety considerations. Although a thorough knowledge of animal behavior is required when working with animals, it is essential to keep in mind that animals are unpredictable. Keepers should always expect the unexpected and be prepared for the greatest range of behaviors. The safety of keepers and their co-workers depends on the keepers' ability to recognize a potentially dangerous situation and react in an appropriate and timely fashion. In some areas keepers must carry weapons when entering an animal enclosure. The weapon may consist of a common tool such as a shovel or be a specially designed implement such as a long plastic pole for use with giraffe. These weapons are used in emergency situations to threaten aggressive animals or to keep an animal away from a keeper until the keeper can safely leave the enclosure. Without such a weapon, a keeper could be seriously injured. Keepers should not be expected to defend themselves every time they enter an enclosure. If animals are aggressive all the time or extremely dangerous when aggressive, they should be shifted before the keeper enters the enclosure. It is important for keepers to recognize when to retreat from a potentially dangerous situation. Working safely with animals requires constant vigliance, the ability to correctly interpret animal behavior and common sense. Keepers must play an active role in identifying and reporting safety hazards before accidents occur. If a keeper is unable to correct a safety hazard, he/she needs to warn other staff to avoid the hazard until it can be repaired. Frequent safety inspections of work areas 423 The Zoo Keeper’s Role in Safety. Continued and animal enclosures are useful to identify safety hazards which may not be spotted during the work routine. Keepers should not assume a safety hazard has been reported because it has existed for a long time. They may be the first to report it or the original report may be lost. Keepers need to be persistent in insisting that safety hazards are corrected. An important way keepers can contribute to safety is to suggest safety modifications to work areas and animal procedures. The keeper is in the unique position of knowing how well everything in their area operates and what needs to be improved. Often suggestions for safety modifications will improve safety for both keepers and animals. Safety modifications can save money by reducing time-loss accidents and animal deaths. Management should evaluate all safety modification proposals and take action where appropriate. The quality of keeper safety, animal safety and safety of the zoo visitors is related to the level of commitment to safety, by keeper staff and management. When management is committed to a comprehensive keeper safety training program, to a safe workplace for keepers, and to safe enclosures for zoo specimens, keepers will have a good attitude about safety and want to take an active role in accident prevention. When keeper suggestions for safety modifications and improvements to exhibits and animal procedures are accepted and safety modifications and improvements are implemented when merited, zoo safety will improve. When keepers take an active role in safety everyone benefits. The animals are safer, the keepers are safer and the zoo visitor has a safe, enjoyable zoo experience. The keeper is the nucleus of zoo safety. Suggested. Safety fteaffng The Restraint and Handling of Wild and Domestic Animals By: Murray Fowler The Calgary Safety Manual for Zookeepers By: Peter Karsten Burnet Park Zoo Attendants Manual Zoonotic Pfeeases By Bruce Clark, AAZK Keeper Education Committee Zookeener Training - A Suggested Guide for Instructors By: Judie Steenberg Think Safety Animal Keepers' Fprymoi 1984- Apr 103, May 147, June 168, July 202, Aug 258, Sept 293 1985- Feb 48, May 162 1986- May 162, Aug 234 424 L.IJV.K (Liaison and Information Network for Keepers) Director for the LINK System: Mark de Denus, Assiniboine Park Zoo, 2355 Corydon Ave., Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3P OR5. (204) 889-2919 (h). Karin Newman, Milwaukee County Zoo, 10001 W. Bluemound Rd., Milwaukee, WI 53226 for the State of Wisconsin Lee Williams, Detroit Zoo, P.O. Box 39, Royal Oak, MI 48068 for the State of Michigan Rick Smith (St. Louis Zoo) , 7417 Madge, Maplewood, MO (mailing address) (314) 781-8037 {h} for the State of Missouri Debbie Jakcson, Little Rock Zoological Gardens, #1 Jonesboro Dr., Little Rock, AR 72205 for the State of Arkansas Wendy Davis, Lake Superior Zoo, 7210 Fremont St., Duluth, MN 55807 for the States of Minnesota & Iowa Elandra Aum, Woodland Park Zoo, 5500 Phinney Ave. N, Seattle, WA 98103 (206) 625-2244 [w] for the State of Washington Mike Illig, Washington Park Zoo, 4001 SW Canyon Dr., Portland, OR 97221 for the State of Oregon Joe Rindler, Columbus Zoo, 9990 Riverside Dr., Box 400, Columbus, OH 43065 for the States of Ohio & Kentucky Dan Powell, Potawatomi Zoo, 500 S. Greenlawn, South Bend, IN 46615 for the State of Indiana Joanna Bower, Lee Richardson Zoo, P.O. Box 499, Garden City, KS 67846 for the State of Kansas Carla Wieser, Omaha's Henry Doorly Zoo, 10th St. & Deer Park Blvd., Omaha, NE 68107 for the States of Nebraska and Iowa David Luce, Chaffe Zoo, 894 W. Beljmont Ave., Fresno, CA 93728 (209) 488-1549 [w] for Middle California Celeste Northrop, San Diego Zoo, P.O. Box 551, SanDiego, CA 92112 for Southern California & Southern Nevada John Turner, Denver Zoo, City Park, Denver, CO 80205 for the States of Colorado and Utah Bruce Eneboe, Reid Park Zoo, 1100 S. Randolph Way, Tucson, AZ 85716 for the States of Arizona & New mexdco Jeanette Nadeau, Roger Willaims Park Zoo, Providence, RI 02905 or Mark Hofling, Bronx Zoo, 185th & Southern Blvd., Bronx, NY 10460 (212) 220-7115 [w] or Alan Baker, Burnet Park Zoo, 500 Burnet Park Dr., Syracuse, NY 13204 for the States of Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, Rhode Island & Connecticut Jon Brangan, Roger Williams Park Zoo, Providence, RI 02905 for the States of Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Dele ware, Maryland, Virginia, West Virginia and the District of Columbia Tami Ryf, Dreher Park Zoo, 1301 Summit Blvd., West Palm Beach, FL 33405 or Betty Grogan, Jacksonville Zoological Park, P.O. Box 26767. Jacksonville, FL 32218 for the State of Florida Fred Alvey, Zoo Atlanta, 800 Cherokee Ave. S.E., Atlanta, GA 30315 for the States of Georgia & Alabama Michelle Herman, Jackson Zoological Park, 2918 West Capitol St., Jackson, MS 39209 for the States of Mississippi & Tennessee Ann Marie Greco, San Antonio Zoo, 3903 N.St. Mary's St., San Antonio, TX 78212 for the States of Texas & Louisiana Terry Male, Metro Toronto Zoo, Box 280, West Hill, Ontario, Canada MlE 4R5 (416) 392-5900 {w} for the Province of Ontario Bob Debets, Assiniboine Park Zoo, 2355 Corydon Ave., Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3P OR5 for the Provinces of Manitoba & Saskatchewan/States of ND,SD (204) 837-1635 [h] Chantal Routheir, Granby Zoo, 347 Rue Bourget, Granby, Quebec, Canada J2G 1E8 for the Province of Quebec Dean Treichel, Valley Zoo, Box 2359, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T5J 2R7 (403) 483-5525 [w] for the Provinces of Alberta & British Columbia 425 NOW AVAILABLE Zoonotic Diseases. 2nd Edition AAZK is pleased to announce the availability of the Second Edition of the Zoonotic Diseases Handbook. This 40-page reference work details the most common zoonotic diseases, offers guidelines for preventive control and covers personal hygiene and disinfection procedures. This Second Edition contains expanded listings of zoonotic diseases and has been formatted in 5 1/2" x 8 1/2" AKF size. Information on each disease is presented in a text format which includes Ethiologic Agent, Means of Transmission to Man, Global Distribution, Alternate or Intermediate Hosts, Human Incubation and Human Symptoms. Editor for this volume is Bruce Clark of the Toledo Zoo. Copies may be purchased by completing the order form below. Prices are: $5.00 for Professional AAZK members; $6.50 for all other AAZK membership categories; and $8.50 for non-members. The prices include shipping and handling within North America. Orders outside the U.S. and Canada should add $3.00 for foreign postage by Air Mail. Make check or money order payable in U.S. FUNDS ONLY to: "AAZK". Please allow 3-4 weeks for delivery. Zoonotic Diseases Published by The American Association of Zoo Keepers, Inc. Please send copy/copies of the AAZK Zoonotic Diseases Handbook to: NAME: ADDRESS: CITY: STATE: ZIP: MEMBERSHIP CATEGORY; P AF AS INST Non-Mem TOTAL AMOUNT INCUDED: $ Send to: Zoonotic Diseases, AAZK, 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606 Institutions wishing to advertise employment opportunities are asked to send pertinent data by the 15th of each month to: Opportunity Knocks / AKF . 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606. Please include closing dates for positions available. There is no charge for this service and phone-in listings of positions which become available close to deadline are accepted. Our phone is 1-800-242-4519 (U.S.); 1-800-468-1966 (Canada). Our FAX is 913-272- 2539. The following two positions are available at the Brookfield Zoo. For both positions submit resume, letter of interest and references by 25 December 1990 to: Human Resources, Chicago Zoological Society, Brookfield Zoo, 3300 Golf Road, Brookfield, IL 60513. ASSISTANT LEAD ! BIRDS... responsibilities include directing daily operations, overseeing care of birds, and supervising staff in assigned area. Also engage in direct animal care, particularly of soft-billed birds. Ideal candidate will have 4-5 years' animal care experience with emphasis on birds, and supervisory potential. College degree in biological field preferred. Excellent benefits. Salary $28, 296/year. KEEPER/BIRDS. ..prefer 2-4 years' experience with birds, experience with breeding small birds, and college degree. Responsible for daily care, feeding, observation of birds and maintenance. Salary $23,199 to $28,188 depending on experience. The following two positions are open at the Primate Foundation of Arizona. For either position send letter of interest, requested salary, resume, and three (3) letters of reference to: Jo Fritz, Director, Primate Foundation of Arizona, P.O. Box 86, Tempe, A Z 85280. Note: All personnel must have a negative TB skin test and a negative hepatitis B antigen test. CARE GIVER/CHIMPANZEES. ..a new position has been made available. Requires BA/BS in Zoology, Biology, Anthropology or related fields of study and ability to work well with peers. Primate or zoo experience preferred. Assist in the responsibility for maintaining and caring for approximately 74 chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes ). Salary negotiable. Excellent benefits. STAFF VETERINARIAN. ..fuN-time staff veterinarian for chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) breeding and behavioral research facility. Coordinate preventative medicine programs, manage clinical cases, assist in complying with USDA and NIH regulations, develop staff health policies, write SOP's, and compile and publish valuable chimpanzee information. Candidates must have D.V.M. degree, clinical experience, and a strong interest in primate medicine. Excellent benefits. Salary commensurate with experience. EOE. Applications will be accepted until the position is filled. The following positions are available at the Ellen Trout Zoo. Starting salary for both positions is $6.52 per hour. For either position contact: Personnel Department, City of Lukfin, P.O. Drawer 190, Lufkin, TX 75902-0190 by 31 December 1990. REPTILE KEEPER. ..requires high school diploma or equivalent and valid Texas drivers license. Will work with diverse collection of amphibians and reptiles. Duties include cleaning, feeding, exhibit upkeep, breeding programs, and record keeping. Applicant should have proven experience with these animals, including venomous snakes and crocodilians. BIRD KEEPER. ..Teqynres high school diploma or equivalent and valid Texas drivers license. Will work with bird collection of approximately 200 specimens. Duties include cleaning, feeding, exhibit upkeep, breeding programs, and record keeping. Applicant should have demonstrated experience with birds. ELEPHANT HANDLER ...immediate opening at Oakland Zoo. Some experience desirable. Salary $10.50 an hour plus benefits. Send resume to: Lome Jackson, 9777 Golf Links Rd. Oakland, CA 94605. (415) 632-9525. Closing date 31 December 1990. 427 Opportunity Knocks. Continued ZQQ DlRECTQI$...ihe Grand Isle Heritage Zoo in Grand Island, NE is looking for a director to manage its 7 1/2 acre zoo. The Heritage Zoo is a young (1981) privately operated zoo. The ideal candidate will be able to work well with people, have the ability to manage, the experience and knowledge to handle the animal requirements of a small zoo. Grand Island is a friendly, family-oriented community with a low cost of living. Salary $20,000 to $26,000 per year negotiable with benefits. If you are looking for a rewarding, challenging position which will allow you to use your creativity send your resume and cover letter to: Dan Fogland, President, Grand Island Heritage Zoo, P.O. Box 1345, Grand Island, NE 68802 (308) 382-3899. How to Build Your Association in 13 Easy Steps 1. Attend every Association meeting you can. Your presence is important. 2. Don't find fault with Association operations, rather, try to make suggestions as to workable improvements. 3. Say "yes" when you are asked to serve on a committee or be an officer. 4. If it happens you aren't asked, continue to think up and propose practial suggestions for building the Association, and you'll soon be noticed. 5. After you are named, attend all board or committee meetings. 6. When you attend meetings, sound off on how things should be done inside the meeting, not after you leave. 7. Work for the Association every chance you get - don't criticize the "Old Reliable" but instead join them. 8. Help make sure all meetings, seminars and conferences are, to the best of your ability, worthwhile expenditures of members' money. 9. If meetings are strictly business, use your ability to help reach wise decisions as quickly as possible, then have fun with members when the business is completed. 10. If you are asked to sit at the meeting table, accept gracefully and happily. 11. If you aren't asked to sit there, make good use of the time this gives you to talk shop with others at the table where you are sitting. 12. Pay your dues promptly when notified. You'll know from your own experience how hard it is to draw up the Association's budget, and every bit of cash flow helps. 13. Read mail from the Association as soon as it arrives. Return phone calls. Reply to questions or opportunities offered as soon as possible. Reprinted with permission from Professional Grounds Management Forum, Vol. 12, No. 9. September, 1988. from Michigan Irrigation Contractors Association 428 AAZK Membership Application Name Address City [ | $30.00 Professional Full-time Keepers □ $25.00 Associate Those not connected with an animal facility I I $20.00 Library Library subscription only Zoo Affiliation (if any) Zoo Address check here if renewal [ ] State/Province Zip □ $25.00 Affiliate Other staff & volunteers I I $30.00 International All members outside U.S. & Canada regardless of category □ $50.00 or more Contributing Organizations & individuals Mail this application and check or money order (U.S. CURRENCY ONLY PLEASE), made payable to American Association of Zoo Keepers, Inc., to : AAZK Administrative Offices, Topeka Zoo, 635 Gage Blvd., Topeka, KS 66606 U.S.A. Membership includes a subscription to Animal Keepers' Forum. The membership card is good for free admission to many zoos and aquariums in the U.S. and Canada. INFORMATION FOR CONTRIBUTORS Animal Keeners' Forum publishes original papers and news items of interest to the animal keeping profession. Non-members are welcome to submit articles for consideration. Articles should be typed or hand-printed and double-spaced. All illustrations, graphs and tables should be clearly marked, in final form, and should fit in a page size no greater than 6" x 10" (15cm x 25 l/2cm). Literature used should be cited in the text and in final bibliography. Avoid footnotes. Include scientific name of species (as per ISIS) the first time it is used. Thereafter use common name. Black and white photos only accepted. Articles sent to Animal Keeners' Forum will be reviewed for publication. No commitment is made to the author, but an effort will be made to publish articles as soon as possible. Lengthy articles may be separated into monthly installments at the discretion of the editor. The editor reserves the right to edit material without consultation unless approval is requested in writing by the author. Materials submitted will not be returned unless accompanied by a stamped, self-addressed envelope. Telephone or FAX contributions of late-breaking news or last-minute insertions are accepted. However, long articles must be sent by U.S. mail. The phone number is (913) 272-5821 Ext. 31. FAX # is 913-272-2539. HEADLINE FOR EACH EDITION IS THE 15-HL OF THE PRECEDING MONTH Articles printed do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the Animal Keepers' Forum editorial staff or the American Association of Zoo Keepers, Inc. Publication does not indicate endorsement by the Association. Items in this publication may be reprinted providing credit to this publication is given and a copy of the reprinted material is forwarded to the editor. Reprints of material appearing in this journal may be ordered from the editor. 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