2 ZS wo oR ra 2 SS@hTOO TOEO O ~MNTOTO0 10HM/18IN Animate Creation; POPULAR EDITION OF fooR LIVING WORLD,’ A NATURAL HISTORY BY THE TLE V...4..490: WOOD. REVISED AND ADAPTED TO AMERICAN ZOOLOGY, BY JOSEPH B. HOLDER, M.D., Fellow of the New York Academy of Sciences; Member of the Society of Naturalists, HE. U. 8.; Member of the American Ornithologists’ Union ; Curator of Vertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park, New York. FULLY ILLUSTRATED WITH SCIENTIFIC ACCURACY. VOL. II. é NEW YORK: SELMAR HESS. a3 eee enn =. oe Pat A TORY NOTE, S OUR supervision relates to the species found in North America, we have adopted the classification which has the approval of American Ornithologists, that embraced by the Bulletin of the Smithsonian Institution, prepared by Mr. Ridgway, and entitled : ‘‘ Nomenclature of North American Birds.” We would here return sincere thanks for the courtesy often in past years extended to us by the honored Chief of the Smithsonian Institution, and especially now for the privilege of presenting Mr. Ridgway’s valuable paper. The names of Audubon, Wilson, Nuttall, as well as of several ornithologists of the present time, will appear frequently in our pages, as their works are for all time. The descriptive text of Audubon and Wilson is classic to the lovers of Nature. Since these pioneers in American ornithology ranged the woodlands and sea shores of North America, many birds have been added to our Avifauna. Without naming individ- uals, we may express the opinion that some of the later literature touching newly dis- covered birds on the Western plains and mountains quite equals the charming productions that have given those early writers such prominence. J. B. H. You. I iii eae a er, pal CONTENTS. PAGE INTRODUCTION, 1 Order ACCIPITRES; or BIRDS OF PREY. 11 Sub-Order Accrpitres Drurni; or DiurNAL Brirps oF Prey, Family Vouuturw2 ; Sub-Family GypatTine: Lammergeyer—Gypaetus barbatus........++ cqveses Oh Sub-) amily SARCORHAMPHIN2 ; FLESH-BEAKED VuLTURES 12 Condor—Sarcorhamphus gryphus,......0...0seeeees 12 Black Vulture—Catharista iota, or atrata......+..- 17 Sub-Family Voururix2 ; Truz VuLTurEs...... vebias Ree | Arabian Vulture— Vultur monachus....... 4%? ates aa Sociable Vulture—Otogyps auricularis.......+++.++ - 22 Fulvous, or Griffin Vulture—Gyps fulous..... paaead 4 Egyptian Vulture—Neophron perenopterus.....+.+++ 26 Family Fauconto& ;. Sub-Family AQuALINE/; EaGuxs.... 27 Golden Eagle—Aquila ChrySaew0s......0..0+ceeceee 28 Martial Eagle—Spizaetus bellicosus.......+++e0se005 33 Laughing Faleon—Herpetotheres cachinnans........ 33 Jean Le Blanc Eagle—Circaetus gallicus,..... ..... 34 Crested, or Harpy Eagle—Thrasaetus harpyda...... 34 Brazilian Eagle, or Urubitinga—Morphnusurubitinga 36 Osprey—Pandion haliaetus.,........-+.+eeeeeeceees 36 Cinereous, or Sea Eagle—Haliaetus albicilla........ 89 Sub-Family POLYBORINA,.......00ccceeseecececevecencoees AL Red-Throated Falecon—Ibycter americanus ........+ At . Southern Caracara—Milvago australis.........+.+++ 45 Brazilian Kite—Polyborus braziliensis ..... Rrepidecee 45 Sub-Family Bureoninz : Buzzard—Buteo vulgaris, .... RE er ree 46 Rough-Legged Faleon—Archibuteo lagopus........+ 47 Sub-Family MILvinz: Honey Buzzard—Pernis apivorus.......++.0esee00s 48 Kite —Miloys regalia. . <5. :0..- sin peccsesteeccececcs 48 Swallow-Tailed Kite—Hanoides furcatus.......... 49 Black-Winged Falcon—Hlanus melanopterus....... 51 Crook-Billed Falcon—Cymindis uncinatus.......... 52 Mississippi Kite—Ichnia mississippiensis..........+. 52 Sub-Family Fauconta ; TRUE FALCONS.........000.ee00ee 55 Jerfalcon—Falco gyrfaloo......4...esseccccccesees 55 Hobby—Hypotriorchis (or Falco) subbuteo......+ 2... 60 Cream-Bellied Faleon—Jeracidea berigora......... 62 Kestrel— Tinnunculus alandarius, or Falco tinnunculus 62 Notched Faleon—Harpagus bidentatus...... aehs bole 64 Sub-Family ACCIPITRINE: Goshawk—Astur palumbarius...........0e008 Sess ae 64 Sparrow Hawk—Accipiter (or Astur) nisus.......... 67 Chanting Falcon—Melierax musicus..........0++00+ 70 Sub-Family Crrcinz: Secretary Bird—Serpentarius (or Gypogeranus) secre- tarius Er ret Se eee 70 Hen Harrier—Circus cyaneus.......++++ eosecescces 18 Sub-Order Acciprrres NocTuRNI ; oR NocTuRNAL Birps oF ‘ es cs So's 37s apa s ca eai geegeces tees, 98 Family Striew2 ; Sub-Family Surnnz: Canada Ow]l—Surnia luld.c.e..+-secesecesesecese 75 Snowy Ow]—Wyctea nived,.........sseeeceeeeeeees 17 Burrowing Owl—Athene (or Speotyto) cunicularia... 78 Sub-Family BuBonin&: Tengmalm’s Owl—WNyctale funered........++4+++++ 80 Scops Eared Owl—Ephialtesscops, or Scopscarnioliaca 80 Great Owl—Bubo ignavus.........0csecceeececces 82 Sub-Family SuRNIn#: Brown Owl—Syrnium aluco........eccceeccee veces 85 Long Eared Owl]—Otus vulgaris.........+. Sveesees 86 Vou. II, PAGE Sub-Family Stricinz: Barred Ow]—Sitrix nebulosd...ecesscccccececesees. 89 Order PASSERES ; on PERCHERS.........seccceeeees. 98 Tribe FisstRosTRES ; OR CLEFT-BEAKED Brrps, Sub- Tribe Fisstrostres NocTuRN#; 0R NOCTURNAL CLEFT- Beakep Birps, Family CaPRimuLGIp# ; GOAT-SUCKERS,.........00000006 - 98 Trinidad Goat-Sucker—Steatornis caripensis........ 93 Tawny-Shouldered Podargus—Podargus numeralis. 93 New Holland Goat-Sucker— +++ 862 Nestor-Parrots .....--...cesee00 --- 402 Woordpeckers........,escseesens +--+. 406 ILLUSTRATIONS IN THE TEXT. PAGE Lammergeyer....... plain ial pies 12 Resplendent Trogon.............. 128 AROROG 5 at ole CU RMENE Tas sree vcs 224 Dipper, Wagtails and Wrens...... 228 f PAGE First Lessons in Flight. ......... 6 Bron ON MRO. oo, Sarre na ain eak-am 28 DSDTEY ar aensecrid hn parednn see 36 Cinereous, White-Tailed, or Sea- AIG rena oe sien cis ps eats 40 OE SEES ber ASA PAPE PIES 48 Jerfaleon.. ..... paaetiae a ay 56 PAGE PYONUSPIECE seek) osnwicce cass tones. Title-Page (Birds) ...2.....: 0.02.50. 9 VULTURES. ONEOR cao ecetegtat ese wen ces ies ies 13 RDM UlNes Shoat it yaa ces ces cane 16 pnacle Waltures F235 <% os 25s 52s cubs viene 18 Torkey Buzzard oo. 5.2 .00s. ssc ecces 20 Common Arabian Vulture........... 21 Group of True Vultures............. 22 Pondichery Vulture. ............... 23 Fulvous, or Griffin Vulture.......... 24 Wigs tian WWAUte, o/s52 psc ha a sees tes 26 EAGLES. Imperial Eagle... 2.00... 6200. 020.508 31 Oe Tagless: ncdes vs savissls se pee 382 Martial:Bagle «2 .iiiiis0d 6) wets 33 Jean Le Blanc Eagle............... 34 Crested, or Harpy Eagle............ 35 Bald, or White-Headed Eagle....... 41 FALCONS AND HAWKS. Red-Throated Falcon............... 44 Btagilian Hite ese g6s se esysse cites 45 DET aes ae eee ee erat CIC 46 Rough-Legged Falcon.............- 47 Honey-Buzzard:. ce eee cease 48 WePecae sts ere ceases Caan ts Meee ceee 49 PaBiSN TIES, i yo acercs ce careueeeee 50 Black-Winged Faleon.............. 51 Mississippi Kite, and Swallow-Tailed NIN alias o oon woe ds cage ese s 53 Peregrine Falcon... 2...........0006 58 PORTE G MES clue sic sa Essa wc be cscessee 59 Neer aes Canna S yon the s.c'n 0 0e 60 POEUN Ease 5a wid gine sane vos os 61 PRORUOON Uwala dsc Use ern aes 123 MOTMOT, TROGON, AND BARBET. Brazilian Motmot..............0.008 124 "ETOPONIS + Sia sv ves teceyy can eess susan 127 Cotlared Barhthitn ds sini loa ole 130 KINGFISHERS. Laughing Jackass............++.00+ 131 Australian Kingfisher. .............. 133 Kingfisher. «). .<:.'.\'<..vesssepeessesus 1386 ix JACAMAR, AND BEE-EATERS. PAGE Green Jacamar........:..... CSRS 138 Nubian Bee-Eater.................. 140 : Azure-Throated Bee-Eater.......... 141 NEOMORPHA, AND PLUME-BIRDS. Gould’s Neomorpha................+ 144 Superb Plume Bird................. 145 Twelve-Thread Epimachus......... 147 HOOPG, AND SUN-BIRDS. RUM cai Sas CONG AG coe ssa Scie ¢ 148 Fiery-Tailed Sun-Bird.............. 151 Collared Sun-Bird............6..... 152 CZEREBA, AND POE BIRD. Agure Ceorepad. 5) ion thes s-ckobe«> 156 Res Bits oss. tect teres 159 HUMMING-BIRDS. Sword-Bill Humming-Bird.......... 166 Fiery Topaz Humming-Bird ........ 168 White-Booted Racket-Tail.......... 170 Sickle-Bill Humming-Bird.......... 175 wufted Coquette... ocr. sees ccee see 177 SBPTING, COMGL, ... cavsass opbus ie apes 179 AMRVONNO MEY Sc esl cian cces ts os s5i09 182 REYRREEIY sie! sais Se opis ve baie Coop 0's 183 Chimborazian Hill-Star............. 184 CREEPERS, WRENS, WARBLERS, REDBREAST, Erc, ROPER babe acs saw dis hapeeee enon 188 Common Tree-Creeper..........-+.- 190 RRM hin sols pbinia vo.na's ce SMART tUm* 192 NP OES IR cs ioe paint cane aes eae «s 194 OG a5 5 Scie otsaehacte atania 199 MING NY POD Wa: a1 prac «, coe ananemes 200 Golden Crested Wren and Fire- Crested Wren ss..020:6 05 < hwasce 201 Garden Whitethroat and Black-Cap Warbler Chiff-Chaff, or Lesser Pettichaps.... 204 MIGUN GAGS. Soo os Mccabe cs cas, 208 Grasshopper Warblers .............+ 209 Sedge Warbler........ ape thnes soos 210 PAGE Wheatear, Whinchat, and Stonechat 212 Redbreast and Redstart............. 216 Blue-Throated Warbler and Calliope 218 Black-Throated Green Warbler..... 220 Hedge Sparrow, and Alpine Accentor 222 WAGTAILS, AND PIPITS. White Wagtall. 3%... 0. <0s. Pees nen 228 Gray Wagtail and Meadow Pipit.... 229 Tree Pipit.c:<:.2 2 beatsetnaecceee 231 Richard’s and Rock Pipit............ 282 THRUSHES. Short-Tailed Ant-Thrush............ 234 Mocking-Rird., 3... .i.35.2Vs0 eben 236 Thrushea: cic sci eter eae ties ae 239 Ring Ouzel and Song-Thrush....... 241 CatrBird oes wens antes tree ee 243 ORIOLE, KING BIRDS, FLY- CATCHERS, AND MANAKIN. Golden Oriole........-2.0+ sisted 251 King Bitdss.< 527-01 ise ca ae 255 Spotted, and Pied Fly-Catcher...... 260 Cock ‘of the Rock. ii... vecu cone ome 264 CHATTERER AND SHRIKES, Bohemian Wax-Wing, or Waxen Clintterér 325.05 Sores ae skate tee Great Gray Shrike and Red-Backed Shrike. oi... 8229.40. tee eee 274 Woodchat Shrike. ................. 276 CROWS AND JAYS. Piping (Crowes s ss csactueccensecacpas 278 TOY o's Secu st ees (aad gab tee Cas 280 American Blue Jay................. 282 Tanting Cis: =. - tad ecnus seins s.<. «is,0ckatabcers >». 559 Carlow... st.ce cack ease ohn as peceee 563 BVOC, .j'.s35iscasainaias ace kone rene 569 ell ci. Snax ee ewme ace Mises ase Sanderling: « <. 0. ic.cc ncctamens oie see 574 TACANG 2s os cna cues nn eee hes -.- 519 Horned Screamer..............0.000 580 Hyacinthine Gallinule.............. 587 GEESE, SWANS, AND DUCKS, PAMINGO EN oa cae op nee ek civ scene 590 Spur-Winged Goose ................ 591 Cape Barron Goose..............+0+ 592 Gray-Lag Goose .........ceeeeeseees 593, Bernicle Goose.) 5. ..<5..004 se0ns0 ee 594 Egyptian Goose.........sescsscerses 595 Whistling Swan... 2... 5isscspelcues ce 598 Black Swan... . 625 PELICANS, Ere. MEPONO USI dr wi eon, 4 wanes oaesieren 626 Levaillant’s Darter, or Snake Bird... 627 Gannet, or Solan Goose............. 628 Cormorant, <3. 0 53-000 ex cua eeeene 629 Politan, =. 52.5 ss<