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THE ANNALS
AND
MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY,
INCLUDING
ZOOLOGY, BOTANY, ann GEOLOGY.
(BEING A CONTINUATION OF THE ‘ MAGAZINE OF BOTANY AND ZOOLOGY,’ AND OF
LOUDON AND CHARLESWORTH’S ‘MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY. )
CONDUCTED BY
Sir W. JARDINE, Barr., F.L.8.—P. J. SELBY, Esa.,F.LS.,
GEORGE JOHNSTON, M.D.,
CHARLES C. BABINGTON, Esa., M.A., F.LS., F.G.S.,
J. H. BALFOUR, M.D., Reg. Prof. Bot. Glasg.,
AND
RICHARD TAYLOR, F.L.S., F.G.S.
VOL, ALY.
“Ss
LONDON:
PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY R. AND J. E. TAYLOR.
SOLD BY S. HIGHLEY; SIMPKIN AND MARSHALL} SHERWOOD AND CO.; W. WOOD,
TAVISTOCK STREET; BAILLIERE,. REGENT STREET, AND PARIS:
LIZARS, AND MACLACHLAN AND STEWART, EDINBURGH :
CURRY, DUBLIN: AND ASHER, BERLIN.
1844.
‘*Omnes res create sunt divine sapientie et potentiz testes, divitie felicitatis
humane :—ex harum usu bonitas Creatoris; ex pulchritudine sapientia Domini;
ex ceconomia in conservatione, proportione, renovatione, potentia majestatis elucet.
Earum itaque indagatio ab hominibus sibi relictis semper estimata; a vere eruditis
et sapientibus semper exculta; male doctis et barbaris semper inimica fuit.”—
LINN.
CONTENTS OF VOL. XIV.
NUMBER LXXXVIII.
Page
I. On the Specific and Generic Characters of the Araneiform Crus- '
tacea. By Harry D. S. Goopstr, M.W.S. (With a Plate.) ......... 1
II. On some British species of the genus Ginanthe. By Joun Batu,
TMG Peis k ths WOR. deeseociens pavicceakvaabantvedensnoduas sep beneveatAcovassere 4
III. Descriptions of new species of Melania collected during the
Voyage of H.M.S. Sulphur. By Ricnarp Brinstry Hinps, Esq. ... 8
IV. Contributions to British Jungermannia. By Tuomas Taytor,
M.D.) ELS Gite cescetss Oereecereeveccesenscesscccccctecsvesescess eseccceae AES § |
V. Descriptions of some Chalcidites of North America, collected by
George Barnston, Esq. By Francis Waker, Esq., F.L.S.........0.4 14
VI. Descriptions of some British Chalcidites. By Francis Waker,
BM ety cys cad esuecenne eivedsbsagedsrddedcboersdsevbesesesss, ieehuustaulivas 18
VII. Characters of a new species of Azxolotl. By Prof. Owen, |
FTG cvsavanveqereses soneneee deenerscscccrccceccescceccccecesesescccsosens seuashos va 23
VIII. On Ova believed to be those of the Large Spotted Dog-fish,
Scyllium Catulus, Linn. ........ fala benny Pen'siok on wee wee adevedebuss veadttaudeedects 23
IX. Description of a minute Alga from-the coast of Ireland. By
Wa. Henry Harvey, Esq. (With a Plate.) ....cccccccsscoccsecsecceseees 27
X. Researches on the Organization of the Invertebrate Animals of
the Western Coast of France. By M. pe Quatreraces. Communi-
cated by Atrrep Tuk, M.R.C.S. 0 ve. eceseccecsscecescoceses beceswaapiuses 28
XI. Further Observations on the Ornithology of the neighbourhood
of Calcutta. By Epwarp Brytn, Curator to the Museum of the
Asiatic Society of Bengal. With Notes by H. E. Srricxzanp, M.A.. 34
Proceedings of the Linnean Society; Zoological Society ; Geological
Society Corer eeeesccece OCerereseveee CO eeerecrereseecesere Geerereeeserocsoes 48—74
On a new species of Cervus, Cervus Dimorphé, by B. H. Hodgson,
Esq.; On a supposed new species of Hippopotamus, by S. G.
Morton, M.D.; Kentish Birds ; Scientific Appointments in Trinity
College, Dublin; Habits of the Mantis ; Ethnology ; Saurian Fos-
sils; Meteorological Observations and Table ...... SPREE RMRRES Tae 74—80
iv CONTENTS.
Page
NUMBER LXXXIX.
XII. An Account of some enormous Fossil Bones of an unknown
species of the Class 4ves, lately discovered in New Zealand. By the
Rev. WinriaM Conengo 6 oc iysiiccccc cee tuuacsebnceoneete sua seeess Sabacaiveves 81
XIII. On some British species of Zinanthe. By Cuarues C. Basina-
TON MA., Bil Suj RAGS. Bees iiss saeenn ate Hane cies o's whicaibas 96
XIV. On Cardinia, Agassiz, a Fossil Genus of Mollusca character-
istic of the Lias. By H. E. Srricktanp, M.A., F.G.S........cceceees eae 100
XV. On the Marine Algz of the vicinity of Aberdeen. By G. Dicx1z,
M.D., Lecturer on Botany in the University and King’s College of
Aberdeen. (With a Plate.) (Continued.) .....cccsccscscocsecssonees eovess 208
XVI. Further Observations on the Ornithology of the neighbour-
hood of Calcutta. By Epwarp Buyru, Curator to the Museum of the
Asiatic Society of Bengal. With Notes by H. E. Srricxuanp, M.A.. 114
XVII. Remarks on the genus Eolidina of M. de Quatrefages. By
Josnua Atper and Axsany Hancock, Esqrs. ......... ceecsrenereecvessces 125
New Books :—Annales des Sciences Naturelles, February 1844.—
Giornale Botanico Italiano...... pee bee bbivvovbelves isin ode eb eion 129, 130
Proceedings of the Zoological Society ; Geological Society ; Ashmo-
MOA, SHOCIELY: ossneeisseobnsavasincaentiinn Ipsencap sieAens tages vageenene 130—147
Description of a new species of Cuscuta ; Observations on the Habits
of the Python Natalensis, by Thomas S. Savage, M.D., of Cape
Palmas, Western Africa; On the place of Jsoéées in the System ;
Meteorological Observations and Table ........ Sao viesdivvws eee L47—152
NUMBER XC.
XVIII. Some Observations on the Genus Serpula, with an Enume-
ration of the Species observed with the Animal in the Mediterranean.
By Dr. A. Puiniprx. (With a Plate.) ......... be cebuedenseceyeeeconens eveeee 158
XIX. Catalogue of Irish Entozoa, with observations. By O’Brren
Betuineuam, M.D., Fellow of and Professor of Botany to the Royal
College of Surgeons in Ireland, &c. (Continued.) .recccscececererecereres 162
XX. On the Fructification of Polysiphonia parasitica, Grev. By the
Rev. Davip Lanpsporoven. (With a Plate.)......ccccccccccscecsceccesees 166
XXI. Note on the Fructification of Cutleria. By G. Dicxte, M.D.,
Lecturer on Botany in the University and King’s College of Aberdeen, 168
Correction (subsequently received) ...........s00 Ainweniia veers 225
XXII. On Microscopic Life im the Ocean at the South Pole, and
at considerable depths. By Prof. EHRENBERG .....sssesscessscseesceeees see 169
XXIII. Descriptions of some British Chaleidites. By Francis
Waren, Reg., Feld. issessescapencanes dee suswewavanvedeceha rege rrey ausses) 181
XXIV. Description of a new British species of Callithamnion. By
W. H. Harvey, Esq., Trinity College, Dublin. (With a Plate.) ...... 186
CONTENTS. Vv
Page
XXV. On the British Desmidiee. By Joun Raurs, Esq., M.R.C.S.,
Penzance. (With a Plate.) ....cccsecccssecsscceseessccvecsceessenesesoesvens 187
XXVI. Carour Linna: Exercitatio Botanico-Physica de Nuptiis
et Sexu Plantarum. Edidit et Latine vertit M. Jomannes Arv. Ar-
ZELIUB covcccsvccccevesvevsocsscoevseresees de scveavescccedssvevvevoueees ecoseeueees 194
New Book :—Annales des Sciences Naturelles for March, April and
May 1844....cccsvscenee eavecceerccvececeevevoeesees svebvuadesestereeren' eves 204
Proceedings of the Zoological Society; Linnzean Society ; Botanical
Society of Edinburgh ............04. esecesenaascae aabasdessuseesss 205—225
Cutleria multifida (Additional Note by Dr. Dickie) ; M. Montagne on
the Colouring of the Waters of the Red Sea; M. de Quatrefages
on Gasteropod Mollusca; Of the Sexes in Holothuria, Asterias,
and Planaria,—Nervous System of Planari@; On the Chrysan-
themum leucanthemum, as a specific remedy against Fleas, by Prof.
Cantraine; Drayton, on the Birds of Lincolnshire and the Fens ;
Meteorological Observations and Table ...,....sececeseseseeees 225—232
NUMBER XCI.
XXVII. Upon the Development of Star-fishes. By M. Sars. (With
6 PUDKOs) idsawdsacndnnicce eOeas Oe eens bo cedscSaedsntesdsssueeclushd sé guuwne cvvee cus 233
XXVIII. On the Fructification of Gloiosiphonia capillaris, Carm.
By the Rev. Davip Lanpszoroven. (With a Plate.) ........ sereery ». 240
XXIX. Brief Descriptions of several Terrestrial Planarie, and of
some remarkable Marine Species, with an Account of their Habits. By
Cuarzes Darwiy, F.R.S., V.P. Geol. Soc. (With a Plate.) ......00000 241
XXX. Catalogue of Irish Entozoa, with observations. By O’Bryen
Be.iineuam, M.D., Fellow of and Professor of Botany to the Royal
College of Surgeons in Ireland, &c. (Continwed.) .....cecesccserseeseveee 251
XXXI. On the British Desmidiee. By Joun Ratrs, Esq., M.R.C.S.,
Penzance. (With a Plate.) ......cc000 Sdoosebecncisarecsqhatenapenncise sists 256
XXXII. On the genus Xiphophora, and, in connexion with it, Ob-
servations on this question: Do we find in the Fucacee the two Modes
of Propagation which we observe in the Floridee@? By Dr. Monracne. 261
XXXIII. Further Observations on Ctenodus Labillardieri. By C.
7 ae D.M., in a Letter to the Rev. M. J. Berxerey, M.A.,
«Adee: uganetaue
NAUESWRv AS Covers speoeansderboeerdvessseabvopiiinsceccceredacecs saceseee 269
XXXIV. Description of a Fossil Molar Tooth of a Mastodon disco-
vered by Count Strzleckiin Australia. By Prof. Owen, F.R.S.......+0. 268
XXXV. An Attempt to Classify the Tetrabranchiate Cephalopods.
By Wixtiam Kine, Curator of the Museum of the Natural History
Society of Northumberland, Durham, and Newcastle-upon-Tyne ...... 271
XXXVI. Generic characters of an undescribed Australian Fish.
By Joun Ricuarpson, M.D., F.R.S. &c., Medical Inspector of Naval
Hospitals .........s.e0cs00- aancnnnnnstdiee an Bis ise hich 4s chs Maan bw we sdibi axe 280
vi CONTENTS.
New Book :—Plante Javanicze Rariores, descriptee iconibusque illus-
trate, quas in Insula Java, annis 1802—1818, legit et investigavit
Tuomas Horsrieip, M.D., e siccis descriptiones et characteres
plurimarum elaboravit Joannes J. Bennett ; observationes struc-
turam et affinitates preesertim respicientes passim adjecit Ropertus
sede’ SEE TELE TO oe eee ccceecoccccccesensoncessoveceaneoess ascccsees
Page
281
Proceedings of the Linnean Society ; Zoological Society ......... 292—309
Cirsium setosum, M. Bieb.; Alsine stricta, Wahl.; Teguments of Gas-
teropod Mollusca ; Nest of the Dinornis; Meteorological Observa-
tions and Table COCeeesereseeeereretes eeecce Oeeccseeeeoaceecse @vccece ee 309—312
NUMBER XCII.
XXXVII. On a new Genus of Paleozoic Shells. By Witu1am
Kine, Curator of the Museum of the Natural History Society of North-
umberland, Durham, and Newcastle-upon-Tyne ......secesessseeceeseerees
XXXVIII. Catalogue of Irish Entozoa, with observations. By
O’Bryen Bexiineuam, M.D., Fellow of and Professor of Botany to the
Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, &c. (Continued.) ...... coscecece
XXXIX. On the Evidence of the former Existence of Struthious
Birds distinct from the Dodo in the islands near Mauritius, By H. E.
STrickenann, Eeq:; MiA.-: sscscscesticdgqacsssones Pca es Sik ee sass Ceear an ‘
XL. Description of a new Fungus from British Guiana. By the Rev.
M. J. Berxevey, M.A., F.L.S. (With a Plate.) ...... inh vedesenWiri sad ;
XLI. On a new Genus of Diatomacea. By the Rev. M. J. Ber-
KELEY and J. Raurs, Esq. (With a Plate.) ...... Miaeety eksaehantetien cesses
XLII. Descriptions of Pterochilus, a new genus of Nudibranchiate
Mollusca, and two new species of Doris. By Josuva AupErR and AL-
BANY Hancock, Esqrs. ..... Aacdaspodasses osneeeny diasee dui gastaains ease anenee
XLIII. On the species of Chalcidites inhabiting the Arctic Region.
By Francis Wanker, Esq., F.L.S. ....c.cececeeessecees cerceccenceeens deaets
XLIV. Observations on the Gasteropod Mollusca, designated by the
name of Phlebenterata by M. de Quatrefages. By M.Souneyer......
XLV. On Thalassidroma melitensis, Schembri, a supposed new spe-
cies of Stormy Petrel. By H. E. Srricknanp, M.A. ...cccccscesecseee
XLVI. Record of the discovery of an Alligator-with several new
Mammalia in the Freshwater Strata at Hordwell. By Szartes Woop,
Haq-, FIG Biccccsiiasaseceksasveisked ise saabeden dan eheseuegyhacvo teases swouden conan
New Books :—Naturgetreue Abbildungen und Beschreibungen der ess-
baren, schddlichen und verdachtigen Schwimme, von J. V.
313
317
324
327
328
329
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349
Krombholz.—Histoire physique, politique et naturelle de l’Ile de ~
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Proceedings of the Linnean Society ; Zoological Society; Botanical
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CONTENTS. vil
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The genus Chiton found in the Magnesian Limestone of Durham ; On
the Habits of the Goedwit; Batarrea phalloides; Meteorological
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NUMBER XCIII.
XLVII. On the Morphology of the Reproductive System of the Ser-
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CWith @ Plate.) : vvcsicacacsscseddo cosh ckngbinnainsrtienss Vadinnddenuiai ons savnapaird 385
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XLIX. Catalogue of Irish Entozoa, with LORS By O’Brren
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L. Observations on the Organogeny of the Flower, and particularly
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LII. Notice of some additions to the British Fauna discovered by
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LIV. Descriptions of some new Species of Coleoptera and Homo-
ptera from China. By Apam Wuire, Esq., M.E.S. Lond. and France 422
New Books :—A History of British Ferns and Allied Plants, by Ed-
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Vill CONTENTS.
Page
Betiincuam, M.D., Fellow of and Professor of Botany to the Royal
College of Surgeons in Ireland, &. ........eceeceeaeees PaaS Sem st rsa 471
~ LVII. On the Antheridia and Spores of some species of Fucus. By
MM. J. Decartsne and Gustave THURET .....ecccsccccscssccscscecscceces 480
LVIII. On the Development, Structure and CEconomy of the Ace-
phalocysts of Authors ; with an account of the Natural Analogies of the
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Geological Sockeky:: visicalev elise, Letitdengistadide ces ssneeseds »-. 486—514
Helianthemum guttatum, Mill.; Elatine hexandra and Hydropiper;
Pedicellina echinata ..sccsrecrecrecees GAS hsH Shs ss cpsesceneebapencsese ques 514
Index t sini jutvediters eden Aistudtdisvengious My vacdicdvaedss ve ives diye> we O15
PLATES IN VOL. XIV.
Puate I. Generic Characters of Araneiform Crustacea.
If. Rhododermis Drummondii.—Fructification of Marine Alge.
III. Mediterranean Serpule.—Development of Star-fishes.
IV. Fructification of Polysiphonia parasitica and of Gloiosiphonia
capillaris.
V. Planariz.—Callithamnion Pollexfenii.
mf ©
VII. 7 British Desmidieze,—Micrasterias, Euastrum, Tetmemorus,
VIII.
N.B.—The figures of Micrasterias are half the length of the
original drawings. The figures of Zuastrum are engraved one-
third less than the drawings, except EZ. rostratum, E. spino-
sum and E. binale, which should be reduced in the same pro-
portion to compare them with the other species, all of which
are naturally larger than these three, and the original draw-
ings were in true proportion.
IX. Dickieia ulvoides.—Stereum hydrophorum,
X. New British Shells.—Morphology of Sertularian Zoophytes.
wit } British Desmidieze,—Cosmarium, Xanthidium, Pediastrum.
ERRATUM IN VOL. XIII.
In the plate (Pl. IV.) to illustrate Mr. Babington’s paper on Cuscuta (p. 249) the numbers have
been misplaced by the engraver. Fig. 2. is C. approximata, and fig. 3. is C.Trifolii ; not as referred
to in the text.
_ IN VOL, XIV.
Page 109, line 14, for ‘‘slices,’’ xead “ series,’?
Anrn.d Mag Nati List Voi s4Pvt.
3B
peeeder: aa Aranettorm Crustacea. Ae OPaperhy, foe.
THE ANNALS
AND
MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY.
SS seneeness Peplivase er litora spargite muscum,
Naiades, et circhm vitreos considite fontes ;
Pollice virgineo teneros hic carpite flores :
Floribus et pictum, dive, replete canistrum.
At vos, o Nymphe Craterides, ite sub undas ;
Ite, recurvato variata corallia trunco
Vellite muscosis e rupibus, et mihi conchas
¥erte, Dez pelagi, et pingui conchylia succo.”
Parthenii Ecl. 1.
No. 88.° JULY 1844.
-
>
1.—On the Specific and Generic Characters of the Araneiform
Crustacea. By Harry D. 8. Goonsir, M.W.S.
[ With a Plate. ]
AFTER a careful examination, the parts of the Pycnogonide
which are found to afford the most decisive characters for the
proper classification of the species are—the ocular tubercle, the
palpi, oviferous legs, and tarsi. The first of these organs affords
very valuable and sure characters, especially in the determination
of the genera, but unfortunately has never been properly studied.
It is therefore theobjéet of the present communication to illus-
trate the characters of this organ. These animals, when examined
by the naturalist, are generally lying in such a way as to hide this
organ altogether. To see it properly the animal must be viewed
- in profile. Ha er
In Pyenogonum and all the other nonpalpate genera, we find
the ocular tubercle standing at right angles with the segment of
the thorax from which it arises, and with one exception (Phozi-
chilidium), in a line between the first pair of legs. In Phoxichilus
the tubercle is pomted, but in all the others it is truncated.
Pycnogonum Balenarum.
This Pyenogonum when viewed in profile presents the appear-
ance shown in Pl. I. fig. 1. The rostrum is flask-shaped, and
the anterior extremity slightly bulgmg and rounded. The ocular
Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Vol. xiv. aaa <.
2 Mr. H. D. 8. Goodsir on the Specific and Generic
tubercle is situated about the middle of the first thoracic segment
and is squared or truncated, bearing four small dots or eyes of a
jet-black colour, which are situated in the form of a square round
its superior edge.
Phoxichilus.
Phoxichilus has the ocular tubercle situated a little before the
middle of the first thoracic segment ; it is of considerable size,
erect, and pointed at its extremity. The eyes are four in number,
and are placed rather above the middle of the tubercle. The
rostrum is clavate with a slight bulge before the middle; a fine
line runs along its centre on each side from its base to the tip,
which is crossed at right angles by another near the extremity
(Pl. I. fig. 3).
The last joint of the tarsus is bent and serrate on its inferior
edge (fig. 5).
The ovigerous legs of Phowichilus are seven-jointed ; the first,
third, fourth and sixth are almost all of equal length ; the second
and fifth are equal (fig. 4).
Phoxichilidium coccinewn.
The ocular tubercle of Phowichilidium is situated on a projec-
tion which extends forwards from the first thoracic segment above
the rostrum, and which likewise supports the mandibles. The
ocular tubercle is conoid, truncated, with four eyes surrounding
it at regular intervals, and which are situated at a little distance
from the top. The rostrum is large and clavate, and with the
crucial lines as in Phowichilus (Pl. I. fig. 6).
The last joint of the tarsus is semilunar, with four spines
arising from its basal and inferior edge (fig.8). The oviferous legs
are five-jointed, the first two and last being almost all of equal
length, and the third as long as any of the other two conjoined
(Pl. I. fig. 7).
In Pallene circularis* the ocular tubercle is situated at the pos-
terior edge of the first thoracic segment, and is very slightly raised
above the surface of the segment. The eyes are situated round
its superior edges (PI. I. fig. 9).
The last tarsal joint is slightly curved, but the edges are par-
allel ; the claw is blunted (fig. 10).
Pasithoe vesiculosat.
By Pasithoe we are gradually led from the nonpalpate to the
palpate genera of the order, and at the same time we find these
organs in a maximum state of development. In Pasithoe the ocular
* Jameson’s Edinb. Phil. Journ. vol. xxxii. p. 137. pl. 3. fig. 2.
¢ Ib. vol. xxxiii. p. 370. pl. 6. fig. 17.
characters of the Araneiform Crustacea. 3
tubercle arises from the centre of the first thoracic segment and
projects forward, inclining very considerably over the rostrum ;
its extremity is blunted, and the eyes, which are four in number,
are placed near the apex. A thin narrow projection arises from
the anterior edge of the first segment immediately before the tu-
bercle, and is continued beyond the middle of the rostrum. The
palpi are eight-jointed (PI. I. fig. 10).
Nymphon Johnstoni*.
The ocular tubercle in Nymphon arises in all the species from
the posterior edge of the segment. In this species it is bent from
the middle backwards, at which point the eyes are situated ; the
apex is pointed. The palpi are four-jointed (fig. 14). The ovi-
ferous legs are eleven-jointed, including the claw (PI. I. fig. 15).
The two tarsal joints are of equal length (fig. 16).
Nymphon spinosum*.
In this species the ocular tubercle projects backwards from the
base, the superior extremity is rounded, and the eyes are arranged
round a projecting edge (PI. I. fig. 17).
The first joint of the tarsus is about half the length of the se-
cond (Pl. I. fig. 18).
Nymphon pellucidum t.
The ocular tubercle in this species is rather short, its extre-
mity is obtuse and rounded, and the eyes are situated a little di-
stance from the top (fig. 19).
Nymphon similis (n. s. mihi).
The ocular tubercle is depressed and projects backwards (PI. I.
fig.21). It will be observed that this organ, in all the species of
- the genus Nymphon, is situated at the posterior extremity of the
first thoracic segment, and also that it never projects forwards.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE I.
Fig. 1. Profile of the rostrum and first thoracic segment of Pycnogonum
Balenarum.
Fig. 2. Abdominal surface of same parts with the oviferous leg of one side.
Fig. 3. Profile of Phoxichilus.
Fig. 4. Under or abdominal surface of same parts in Phoxichilus.
Fig. 5. Tarsus of Phoxichilus with portion of last tibial joint.
Fig. 6. Profile of Phoxichilidium coccineum.
Fig. 7. Abdominal surface of same parts with the oviferous leg of one side.
* Jameson’s Edinb. Phil. Journ. vol. xxxii. p. 138. pl. 3. fig.5. Through
some error, the proper references to the plate in the journal quoted have
been misplaced.
+ Jameson’s Edinb. Phil. Journ. vol. xxxii. p. 139. pl. 3. fig. 3.
t Jb. vol. xxxii. p. 138. pl. 3. fig. 6.
B2
4. Mr. J. Ball on some British species of the genus Qnanthe.
Fig. 8. Tarsus of Phoxichilidium coccineum.
Fig. 9. Profile of Pallene circularis.
Fig. 10. ‘Tarsus.
Fig. 11. Profile of Pasithoe vesiculosa.
Fig. 12. Tarsal and tibial joints of Pastthoe.
Fig. 13. Abdominal surface of rostrum and first thoracic segment of Pasithoe.
Fig. 14. Profile of Nymphon Johnstoni.
Fig. 15. Abdominal surface of rostrum and first thoracic segment of Nym-
phon Johnstoni. .
Fig. 16. Tarsal joints and part of last tibial joint.
Fig. 17. Profile of Nymphon spinosum.
Fig. 18. Tarsal joints with portion of last tibial of Nymphon spinosum.
Fig. 19. Profile of Nymphon pellucidum.
Fig. 20. Abdominal surface of first thoracic segment with oviferous leg of
one side.
Fig. 21. Profile of Nymphon similis.
Fig. 22. Abdominal surface with oviferous leg of one side.
Fig. 23. Tarsal joints with small portion of tibial joint.
Fig. 24. Abdominal surface of first thoracic segment with oviferous leg of
one side in Nymphon minutum.
Fig. 25. ‘Tarsal joints of Nymphon minutum with small portion of last tibial
joint.
II.—On some British species of the genus Hnanthe. By
) JoHN Bartz, B.A., M.R.LA. &c.*
Tue paper by Mr. Coleman (Annals, xiii. p. 188) has induced me
to endeavour to throw light upon some of the doubtful species of
Gnanthe. The Ch. fluviatilis, Colem., I gathered six years since
near Cambridge, and also near Ely, but never having found a
flowering specimen was at a loss how to denominate it. It cer-
tainly has much the appearance of a distinct species, but I do not
think the characters assigned very satisfactory. I find the fruit
of the ordinary Ct. Phellandrium to vary from elliptical to ovate,
assuming quite the form figured in Mr. Coleman’s plate; the
upper leaf in the figure is also seen in Cf. Phellandrium.
I proceed to describe what I believe to be the true Cl. pimpi-
nelloides of Linnzeus and the continental botanists. This appears
to be rare in Britain, as I have only seen specimens, wanting
fruit, gathered m a dry meadow upon red marl near Forthamp-
ton, Gloucestershire, by Mr. Edwin Lees. I give the description
in Latin.
Cinanthe pimpinelloides.—Radix e fibris plurimis lignosis fasciculatis
- inferne in napulos parvulos ovoideos incrassatis. Caulis teres, stri-
atus, sulcatus, farctus, sesqui-tripedalis, alterne ramosus. Folia
. radicalia bipinnata: pinnulis inciso-dentatis trifidisve, omnibus
» acutis, petiolo sesqui-bipollicari basi in vaginam expanso; caulina
infra pedunculum imum conformia pinnulis angustioribus; se-
* Read before the Botanical Society of Edinburgh, 11th April 1844.
Mr. J. Ball on some British species of the genus inanthe. 5
quentia pedunculos elongatos rigidos amplectentia vagina petiolari
successive breviori, pinnata pinnulis linearibus tripartitis simpli-
cibusve, inferioribus valde elongatis ; suprema caulis et peduncu-
lorum linearia elongata. Pinnule foliorum omnium margine carti-
lagineo minute denticulato in mucronem producto. Umbelle soli-
tarie, terminales, 6—15-radiatz, convexze ; accessorize primarium
eequantes aut superantes. Involucrum universale nunc nullum,
nunc 1—6-phyllum ; foliis setaceis, ineequalibus, umbella multo
brevioribus. Umbellule multiflore, dense; floribus externis
sepe sterilibus longius pedicellatis, internis subsessilibus. Invo-
lucella polyphylla ; foliolis lineari-lanceolatis, acuminatis, inzequa-
libus, pedicellos florigeros exteriores subeequantibus. Petala in-
eequalia, preesertim florarum sterilium, lata, obcordata, ad medium
fissa, alba nervis coloratis : segmenta marginis calycini liberi lato-
lanceolata, ineequalia, duo exteriora longiora. Diachenium......
An Cnanthe gathered in the island of Ischia, which seems to
be the C&. pimpinelloides of Bertoloni (Fl. Ital. i. 236), differs
in having the pinnules of all the stem-leaves linear, the sheaths
longer, and sometimes wants the sterile external florets. The
diachenium is of nearly equal thickness throughout, crowned with
the erect persistent calyx, and somewhat longer than the stiff,
slightly diverging styles ; the very short adpressed pedicels form-
ing a callous ring at the base. I have this form also from near
Pisa. ae
What principally distinguishes this plant is the mucronate
pinnules of all the leaves; besides which it differs from Ci. La-
chenalii in the fruit and the involucella, and from CE. silaifolia
and CL. peucedanifolia in many obvious points. M4. Jordani, Ten.,
which I have gathered near Peestum, differs mainly by the very
crowded umbel, and the longer sheathing petioles. I do not find
all the leaves bipinnate, as Bertoloni describes them, the upper-
stem leaves being pinnate with very long linear segments, and
ultimately simple linear elongate ; my plant, so far, looking like
an intermediate variety. .
I have no doubt as to the identity of the Gloucestershire plant
with the foreign ones above mentioned, and the Toulouse speci-
men referred to by Mr. Babington (Man. Br. Bot. 130) seems
to agree with my description, so that Cf. pimpinelloides must re-
sume its place in the flora of Britain.
I next come to the @. peucedanifolia of Smith, Hooker, Ba-
bington, and all British botanists, but not of Pollich, or the
principal foreign writers. I agree with Bertoloni in confirming
the opinion of Bieberstein (Fl. Tauro-Caucas. iii. 282), that his
CH. silaifolia is the CE. peucedanifolia of Smith (Eng. Bot. t. 348).
I found this plant in a salt-marsh near Portmarnoch, county
Dublin, Ireland, and have received it from the banks of the
6 Mr. J. Ball on some British species of the genus Ginanthe.
Severn at Deerhurst, Gloucestershire, where it was gathered by
Mr, E. Lees. The followmg description will establish the
identity :—
(Enanthe silaifolia.—Radix e napulis oblongis clavatis fasciculatis
in fibrillam desinentibus. Caulis teres, striatus, fistulosus, alterne
ramosus, 1—2-pedalis. Folia radicalia..... ; ceetera omnia sub-
conformia, bipinnata ; foliolis fere eequalibus ; pinnulis acutis, in-
tegerrimis, inferiorum lanceolatis, superiorum linearibus ; folia
suprema pinnata. Petioli inferiores elongati basi vaginantes, supe-
riores omnes breves l—2-pollicares. Umbellz solitariz, 5—8-ra-
diate, primaria (in speciminibus nostris) subsessilis, accessoriz ra-
morum terminales longiuscule pedunculate. Involucrum universale
nullum seu foliolis 1—7, setaceis, umbellam sub mediam longis.
Umbellule multiflorz, dense, floribus externis longius pedicellatis,
seepe (semper?) sterilibus ; internis subsessilibus. Involucella e
foliolis plurimis, latiusculis, albo-marginatis, nonnullis basi con-
natis, umbellula florigera exigua paulo brevior. Marginis calycini
liberi segmenta pre corollam magna, lanceolata, tria exteriora
longiora. Petala minuta, parum inzequalia, late obcordata, ad
tertium fissa. Styli divergentes. Stylopodium majusculum, coni-
cum. Diachenium (haud omnino maturum) exiguum, clavatum
(ad basin ut videtur haud incrassatum), inferne quidquam con-
tractum.
Comparing the description of Bieberstein, referred to above,
with those of Koch and Bertoloni, there can be but little doubt
that this plant is the Ci. silaifolia of those writers. The two
latter authors differ in one respect, Koch describing the fruit as
cylindrical and “ basi callo cinctis,” as noticed by Babington ; it
is probable however that the same plant is tended by both these
distinguished writers. This species, which differs from all its
allies by the similarity of structure im all the leaves and the
shorter and uniform leaflets, is further distinguished from the
true Cf. peucedanifolia by its very much smaller petals and fruit,
and from (i. Lachenali by the structure of the root.
By far the most common species of this group is the Gi. La-
chenalii of Babington, and apparently the plant of Gmelin, Koch,
DeCandolle and Bertoloni. I may premise that there is some
difference in the various descriptions of the root, upon which,
owing to the general neglect of this portion of most. plants
amongst British botanists, my specimens do not allow me to give
an opinion. The exact Bertoloni says, “ fibris inferne incrassatis
in napulos cylindraceo-clavatis fibrilla terminatis,” whilst Koch
and Babington seem to intend fibres thickened and tuberous from
the top. I have specimens of this plant from several parts of
England, from the coast of Galloway and from near Dunbar in
Scotland. I do not find the difference which Mr. Babington
Mr. J. Ball on some British species of the genus inanthe. 7
suspects between the fresh and salt water forms*. The following
is the description :-—
(Enanthe Lachenalii.—Radix... Caulis erectus, striatus, fistulosus seu
subfarctus, alterné ramosus, 1—3-pedalis. Folia radicalia pinnata,
pinnis pinnatifidis trifidisve ineequalibus, segmentis obverse lanceo-
latis obtusis venosis, petioli mediocris longitudinis basi vaginante ;
caulina pinnata longe petiolata pinnis trifidis segmentis linearibus
acutis valde elongatis; successiva minora, demum simplicia, seg-
mentis semper inequalia. Umbellz solitarie, terminales, 5—15-
radiate, longe pedunculate. Involucrum universale 0, seu 1—6-
phyllum, foliolis linearibus acutis, umbella multo brevioribus.
Umbellule multiflore, floribus externis sterilibus longius pedicel-
latis, internis subsessilibus in fructu fastigiatee. Involucella um-
bellula brevior e foliolis lanceolatis margine pallentibus nonnullis
basi connatis. Petala radiantia quam in @. silaifolia paululum
majora profundius obcordata. Styli diachenio breviores, parum
divergentes. Stylopodium majusculum, conicum. Diachenium
basi non calloso semper angustatum, variat tamen magnitudine
et forma; interdum majus usque ad summum dilatatum quasi
obconicum, interdum (pre siccitate ut videtur) minus, sub calyce
(diviso in segmenta erecta inzequalia) constrictum.
In foreign specimens from the Bolognese Apennines, the fruit is
more exactly as described by Koch. The form of the lower leaves
is very constant in all the forms of this otherwise variable species.
The variation in the form of the fruit is very singular, but with
the specimens before me I cannot refuse to believe it.
A word as to the value of the characters of these species. The
position and size of the tubers of the root are, I suspect, of doubt-
ful constancy ; observation must determine their importance. The
general disposition and proportions of the leaves are probably
much to be depended upon here and throughout the whole order.
The hollowness or solidity of the stem depends, I believe, almost
wholly on the place of growth, and is of no moment. The invo-
lucre is most variable. The petals vary somewhat in size but
scarcely in form, those of the outer sterile floret bemg always
compared with each other. The form of the fruit seems not so
constant as might be expected. The presence or absence of the
incrassated summit of the pedicel I have never seen to vary.
I need scarcely add, that the above descriptions are taken ex-
clusively from the British specimens referred to.
Dublin, March 10, 1844.
* No difference exists between them.—C. C. Babington.
8 Mr. R. B. Hinds on some new species of Melania.
{II.—Descriptions of new species of Melania collected during
the Voyage of H.M.S. Sulphur. By Ricuarp BrinsLey
Hinps, Esq.
1. Melania fumosa. Testa elongata, crassiuscula, levigata, olivaceo-
fusea, unicolore, vel junioribus infra suturam strigis longitudina-
libus rufis ornata; anfractibus paulisper rotundatis, superne late
subconcave coarctatis, lineis impressis sparsim et obsolete cinctis ;
spira erosa apud anfractum quartum ; apertura cerulescente. Axis
truncatus 29 lin.
Hab. New Ireland; in the streams about Port Carteret.
2. Melania uspirans. Testa elongate subulata, levigata, fusca, uni-
colore ; anfractibus numerosis, subplanulatis, lineis arcuatis incre-
menti fere minute pliciformibus, ultimo ad basin striato; sutura
lineis impressis comitata ; apertura cerulescente ; columella albida.
Axis 23 lin.
Hab. Feejee Islands ; iy the rivers.
3. Melania Plutonis. Testa pyramidato-subulata, subturrita, levi-
gata, nitida, aterrima, unicolore ; anfractibus paulisper rotundatis,
ultimo magno, rotundato; apertura cerulescente. Axis 23 lin.
Hab. Feejee Islands; in the rivers.
Very pyramidal in its shape, and the last whorl displays a far
greater proportion than is usual ; otherwise its characters are per-
fectly passive. The apex is erose to the fifth or six whorl.
4, Melania figurata. 'Testa elongate subulata, leevigata, polita, fulva ;
anfractibus numerosis subrotundatis, superne strigis rufis longitu-
dinalibus, infra lineis interruptis transversis seriatim dispositis
ornatis, infra suturam pliciferis, ultimo ad basin striato; apice
eroso ; apertura cerulescente. Axis 22 lin.
Hab. New Ireland ; in the streams.
The ornation of this species is eminently distinguishing ; other-
wise it is a smooth, elongated, tawny shell, like many others. The
middle and inferior portions of each whorl are adorned with trans-
verse rufous interrupted lines, disposed in regular series round
the shell, and present a pretty appearance on its pale yellow
semitransparent surface.
5. Melania picta. 'Testa elongate subulata, fusca; anfractibus nu-
merosis, subplanulatis, plicatis, transversim sulcatis, strigis rufis
longitudinalibus ornatis, infra suturam uniseriatim tuberculatis ;
apertura cerulescente. Axis 19 lin.
Hab. New Ireland ; in the streams.
This speciesclosely resembles M. subulata of Sowerby’s ‘Genera,’
not of Lamarck ; the figure there given does not represent some
of the characters dwelt on in the above description, and I am not
aware that a diagnosis anywhere exists.
Mr. R. B. Hinds on some new species of Melania. 9
- 6. Melania luctuosa. 'Testa subulata, turrita, fusca ; anfractibus pla-
nulatis, fere subconcavis, transversim lineis impressis cinctis, stri-
gis rufis longitudinalibus interruptis ornatis ; spira paulisper erosa ;
apertura cerulescente. Axis 13 lin. ;
Hab. Feejee Islands ; in the rivers.
So contracted are the whorls here as in some cases to be not
only flattened but even concave, particularly towards the last
whorl.
7. Melania perpinguis. ‘Testa elongata, fusca, strigis rufis longitu-
dinalibus plerumque ornata; anfractibus rotundatis, subturritis,
lineis transversis impressis exculptis ; spira subplicata, apud extre-
mitatem erosa; apertura cerulescente, ad peripheriam ustulata.
Axis 14 lin.
Hab. Feejee Islands ; in the rivers.
8. Melania occata. ‘Testa ovata, elongata, lutescente; anfractibus
paucis, rotundatis, exaratis, lyris intermediis angustis acutis ; spira
apud anfractum quartum erosa ; apertura cerulescente. Axis 12 lin.
Hab. River Sacramento, California.
The rounded whorls are ploughed into numerous furrows, and
the intervening ridges are comparatively narrow and keel-shaped ;
the lower part of the aperture is somewhat dilated, and slightly
disposed to elongate im the manner of Jo.
9. Melania mesta. Testa ovata, elongata, fuliginea, infra epider-
midem albida; anfractibus rotundatis, superne angulatis et exca-
vatis, transversim lineis impressis striatis ; spira apud extremitatem
erosa ; apertura ustulata, ad basin subtruncata. Axis 15 lin.
Hab. Feejee Islands ; in the rivers.
The shghtly concave area of the whorl beneath the suture,
which occurs in this species, is shared with a few others. In the
present, it influences the shape of the aperture, straightens the
outer lip, provides it with an angle above, and truncates it be-
low. The margins of the aperture have the colour of burnt
umber.
10. Melania verrucosa. Testa subulata, subturrita, lutea ; anfrac-
tibus octonis planulatis, longitrorsum obtuse plicatis, lineis tribus
transversis intersectis, harum intervallis obtusis, quadratis, tuber-
culosis ; apice vix eroso ; apertura elongata, lutescente. Axis10 lin.
Hab. New Ireland; in the streams.
11. Melania fulgurans. ‘Testa obeso-subulata, levigata, polita, lu-
tescente, strigis rufis angulatis fulmen simulantibus conferta ; an-
fractibus decenis subrotundatis ; spira leviter plicata, exserta, vix
erosa ; apertura ovali, cerulescente. Axis 13 lin.
Hab. New Ireland ; in the streams.
Few species of Melania have the pretensions to beauty of this.
10 Mr. R. B. Hinds on some new species of Melania.
The shell is subulate, with the inferior whorls obese, smooth and .
polished ; the whorls about ten in number and slightly rounded ;
those towards the apex indistinctly plicated ; spire exserted and
scarcely eroded. The base colour is a pale yellow, densely crowded
with transverse angular dark red markings.
12. Melania florata. Testa ovato-elongata, polita, cornea, tessellata ;
anfractibus paucis, subrotundatis, seriebus tribus macularum rufa-
rum quadratarum eleganter ornatis ; serie suprema precipue max-
ima, intermedia minima; anfractu ultimo ad basin punctato ; spira
erosa ; apertura cornea. Axis 63 lin.
Hab. New Ireland ; in the streams. |
This also is a pretty species with a pale surface, each whorl
being ornamented by three series of transverse reddish spots, of
which the superior is the largest and most deeply coloured ; the
two others are punctations of reddish spots, the inferior being in-
termediate in size. Very delicate striz, not easily recognizable,
traverse the shell transversely.
13. Melania gaudiosa. Testa ovato-elongata, levigata, polita, cornea ;
anfractibus octonis subplanulatis, unicoloribus ; spira oblique pli-
cata, ad extremitatem erosa; apertura ovali, cornea. Axis 9 lin.
Hab. New Ireland ; in the streams.
Approaches somewhat closely, m general character, the Ame-
rican shell, M. plicifera.
14. Melania pyramidata. ‘Testa elongate subulata, gracili, nitida,
cornea; anfractibus decem subplanulatis, transversim distanter
striatis, superne intra suturam fusco anguste fasciato, ultimo ad
basin puncticulato ; spira versus extremitatem plicata, erosa; aper-
tura ovali. Axis 9 lin.
Hab. New Ireland; in the streams.
15. Melania latebrosa. Testa ovata, elongata, sordide fusca ; anfrac-
tibus perpaucis, rotundatis, lineis impressis transversis instructis,
erosis usque ad penultimum ; apertura parva, ovali, cerulescente.
Axis 8 lin.
Hab. New Ireland ; in the streams.
A small obese shell, with little to distinguish it beyond its few
rounded whorls furrowed transversely with parallel impressed
lines, and its comparatively small, neat, oval aperture.
16, Melania pugilis. ‘Testa spinosa, elongate ovata, fulva; anfrac-
tibus circa novem, rotundatis, superne spiniferis, infra suturam
serie unica macularum rufarum, inferne seriebus duabus minoribus
cinctis, ultimo ad basin multiseriato, spinis distantibus, ad peri-
pheriam quinque, truncatis, linea angulata alligatis ; spira subtrun-
cata ; apertura oblique ovali, subattenuata, albida. Axis 14 lin.
Hab. New Ireland; in the streams.
Dr. Taylor on some new British Jungermannie. 11
Shell ovate, pale yellow ; whorls ventricose, spiniferous, of an
uniform colour in the middle, above adorned with a single series
of red markings, longitudinal or nearly square, below. with two
series of smaller spots placed on bands slightly paler than the
neighbouring shell; the last whorl exhibits at its base several
series of these articulated bands; the spines are distant and trun-
cated to near their base ; about five occupy the circumference of
a whorl, and an angular line connects each with its neighbours ;
the spire has scarcely lost more than its extreme whorl by ero-
sion ; and the aperture is white, and in a slight degree attenuated
at its base.
17. Melania bellicosa, Testa spinosa, ovata, valde truncata, fusca ;
anfractibus tribus rotundatis, transversim striatis, spiniferis, fre-
quenter erosis; spinis aculeiformibus, subrectis, ad basin decur-
rentibus; spira apud anfractum antepenultimum truncata; apertura
elongate ovali, subfusca. Axis 9 lin.
Hab. Feejee Islands ; in the rivers.
Nearly allied to M. spinulosa, Lamarck, which is found in the
rivers of Timor.
IV.— Contributions to British Jungermannie. By Tuomas
Taytor, M.D., F.L.S. &e.*
1. JuncErMANNIA NIMBoSA,Jayl. MSS. Caule laxe czespitoso, erecto,
subramoso ; foliis laxis subsquarrosis ; lobo inferiori obovato, sub-
acuto, patenti, superiori minori, obovato, erectiusculo, subimbri-
cato, cauli adpresso, utrisque margine ciliatis, subconnexis.
On the summit of Brandon mountain, county of Kerry, 1813.
Stems growing up through tufts of Musci, reddish brown, 2—
4: inches long ; leaves, except at the very base, nearly of the same
size; the lower lobe patent or deflexed, and so the shoots have a
squarrose appearance: their texture is of very minute cells, their
cilie distant and large ; the connexion between the upper and
lower lobes is very short.
This was taken for Jung. nemorosa, L., when first brought
down from Brandon Hill. It differs, however, by the taller size,
the more deflexed lower lobes of the leaves, the slight joining
between their lobes, and by the more considerable and more
distant cilie of they margins.
From Jung, planifolia, Hook., which accompanied it, the pre-
sent is known by the more squarrose leaves, the stronger ciliation
of their margins, the more considerable connexion between the
lobes, and the more concave and less imbricated leaves. The calyx
* Read before the Botanical Society of Edinburgh, 9th May 1844.
12 Dr. Taylor on some new British Jungermanniz.
has not been seen, nor indeed has the plant been found again by
the numerous acute observers that have ascended its native
mountain.
2. JUNGERMANNIA cuRTA, Martius. Caule subczspitoso, abbreviato,
adscendente ; foliis inferioribus multo minoribus, subimbricatis, —
apice dentatis; lobo inferiori obovato, planiusculo, superiori mi-
nori, acuto, inferiorum subquadrato. |
Scapania curta, Nees, Lindenberg et Gottsche, Synopsis Hepaticarum,
p. 69; Hooker’s Brit. Jung. t. 21. figs. 17, 18 and 19.
So variable is this species, that in the ‘ Synopsis’ no less than
nine varieties are distinguished. This will account, in some de-
gree, for the late period of recognizing this species in Britain.
In Ireland it occurs ina great variety of situations, on stones on
mountain sides facing the north ; but its most favourite locality is
in old woods on damp rocks, as at Cromaglown near Killarney.
The size is so variable, that some states closely resemble Jung.
nemorosa, L., a species, perhaps, the most difficult to understand
of any of the genus.
3. JUNGERMANNIA Tuusa, Dicks. Caule cexspitoso, adscendente,
subpinnatim ramoso, supra convexo, glabro ; foliis arcte imbricatis,
lobo inferiori patenti, oblongo, recurvo, integerrimo, inferiori
ovato, obtusiusculo, margine reflexo ; stipulis oblongis, acutis, in-
tegerrimis, margine reflexis, apice recurvis ; perichetii lateralis,
emergentis foliis majoribus ciliato-serratis.
On stones ; side of Lough Finnehy, near Dunkerron, co. of Kerry.
Tufts wide, olive-green, the older parts purplish brown, shining,
the shoots acuminated. In plants with perichetia the branches
are very short. Mr. Dickson long since found this plant on the
sides of mountain lakes in Scotland, and very properly judged it
to be distinct from Jung. platyphylla, L. He gave, however, no
diagnosis, whence the two have been confounded. by all subse-
quent writers.
It may be known by its greater size, its shining surface, its
acuminate shoots, its denser structure, its perichetia prominent
beyond the cauline leaves, its perichetial leaves larger, wider,
more divergent, and always ciliato-serrate, its divisions less regu-
larly pinnate, the closer imbrication of the leaves, and the more
patent position of their inferior lobes.
4. JUNGERMANNIA RIVULARIS, Nees. Caule ceespitoso, subpinnatim
ramoso, adscendente ; foliis approximatis, patentibus, lobo supe-
riort ovato-rotundato, plano, inferior? minuto, ovato, obtuso, utro-
que integerrimo : stipulis minutis obovatis integerrimis.
On stones in streams at Dunkerron, co. of Kerry.
Tufts wide, loose, dark green, the younger shoots of a lively
Dr. Taylor on some new British Jangermannie. . 138
green. Stems 1—2 inches long, irregularly branched, scarcely
pinnate, branches short, patent. Leaves oblongo-rotundate, some-
times a little narrower at the top, quite entire; their structure
densely and minutely cellular. The lower lobe is more minute
in proportion to the upper than in any of the congeners: the sti-
pules are scarcely wider than the stems.
Through the kindness of Dr. Gottsche, who sent me specimens
from Hercynia, I have been enabled to identify this species, which
I had long considered something more than a variety of Jung.
platyphylla, L. The fructification I have not seen.
5. Juncermannia Dititrenu, Tayl. MSS. Caule czspitoso, erecto,
apice incurvo, subramoso; foliis imbricatis, semiverticalibus,
erecto-patentibus, secundis, obovatis, dentatis, margine utroque
recurvo, basi decurrentibus; calycibus ex angusta elongata basi
oblongis, compressis, ore truncatis, crenatis, segmentis dentatis.
Lichenastrum, no. 6, Dillenii Muscologia, p. 483. t. 69. f. 6. A, B, C.
On sandy banks of streams in woods, at Gortagaree and Black-
water, co. of Kerry.
Tufts wide, dark green. Stems about an inch high, sparingly
branched, curved at the top. Leaves convex towards the anterior
margin.
Dillenius distinguished the present from Jung. asplenioides, L. ;
they have been confounded by all succeeding writers. This spe-
cies may be recognized by the obovate leaves, which have no ap-
pearance of being truncate at their tops; by their being more
crowded, nearly vertical, dentate throughout ; by both their mar-
gins being recurved, and hence appearing convex in front ; by
their less patent position, by the greater length of their decurrent
bases, very essentially by their smaller cellules ; and by the mouth
of the calyx having large crenulations, which are themselves den-
ticulate. Besides, the tufts are of a darker green, and the shoots
more slender.
6. JuNGERMANNIA AquitxeiA,ayl. MSS. Caule ceespitoso, prostrato,
subpinnato ; ramis complanatis ; foliis imbricatis, erectiusculis,
conyvexis, integerrimis, lobo superiori obovato-rotundato margine
recurvo ; inferiori minori subquadrato ex tumida involuta basi apice
adpresso ; pericheetialibus oblongis transversalibus deflexis ; caly-
cibus elongate obconicis truncatis integerrimis.
Jung. complanata, 6 minor, Hook. Brit. Jung. t. 81. f.17.
On rocks over which water continually trickles.
Patches wide, shallow, brownish olive. Stems 1—4 inches
long, irregularly pinnate ; the branches nearly at right angles to
the stem. Leaves from a narrow base, flatly cup-shaped; their
lower lobe swelling out at its involution, while their angulate tops
he closely adpressed to the inside of the upper lobe.
14 Mr. F. Walker on some Chalcidites of North America.
This species differs from Jung. complanata, L., by the smaller
and more convex leaves, their olive-brown colour, their lesser lobe
not sharply reflected upon the upper but having a tumid base,
by the deflexed perichetial leaves, by the perigonia occurring
usually at the termination of the shoot and not on proper short
lateral branches, and by the angulate portion of the lower lobes
of the leaves being shorter. This species prefers very wet surfaces
of mural rocks, while Jung. complanata, L., is partial to trees.
V.—Descriptions of some Chalcidites of North America, col-
lected by George Barnston, Esq. By Francis Waker, Esq.,
F.LS.
Tue two hemispheres of the earth are said to be represented in
their climate and productions by the higher mountains, whose
tops are compared to the poles, and the plains whence they arise
to the equatorial line. The vegetation and animals on one side
of a mountain range are often very different from those of the
other side, while on its summit they are alike. Thus also in
proportion as we are more remote from the poles and nearer to
the tropics, we find creatures more numerous and more various,
due allowance being made for the soil, elevation, size and form of
the land. In entomology, the land within the Arctic circle
comprises one insect region, and of the territories surrounding it
have been formed three regions, that of North America, that of
Europe, and that of Siberia. The insects here described were
taken at Martin’s Falls, Albany River, Hudson’s Bay*, which is
contained in the North American region. I am indebted to
G. Barnston, Esq., for this opportunity of adding to the know-
ledge of the geography of the Chaleidites.
Callimome splendidus, Barnston’s MSS.fem. Viridis cupreo varius,
abdomine purpureo, antennis nigris, pedibus rufis, alis subfulvis.
(Corp. long. lin. 2; alar. lin. 3.)
Body convex, thinly clothed with hairs: head and thorax mi-
nutely squameous; the scales on the head and on the fore part of the
thorax so disposed as to form little transverse undulations: head
green, zneous in front, as broad as the thorax : eyes and ocelli red :
mandibles fulvous: antenne black, clavate, pubescent, shorter than
the thorax; first joint fulvous, long, slender; second long-cyathiform ;
third and fourth very minute; fifth and following joints to the eleventh
successively shorter and broader ; club linear, conical at the tip, more
than twice the length of the eleventh joint : thorax elliptical, green :
prothorax transverse, forming beneath in front a slender neck which
joins the head, its breadth more than twice its length : scutum of the
* See ‘ Observations on the progress of the seasons as affecting animals
and vegetables at Martin’s Falls, Albany River, Hudson’s Bay,” by G.
Barnston, Esq., in the Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal, vol. xxx.
1840-41.
Mr. F. Walker on some Chaleidites of North America. 15
mesothorax long ; sutures of the parapsides distinct, approaching each
other ; axille large, triangular, not conniving; scutellum nearly rhom-
boidal : metathorax cupreous, transverse, very short : propodeon cu-
preous, large, subquadrate, almost horizontal, having a few little ridges
along the middle: podeon extremely short : abdomen elliptical, pur-
ple, very minutely squameous, varied with green on each side, nearly
as long and as broad as the thorax ; metapodeon occupying more than
one-third of the dorsum, slightly dehiscent on the middle of the hind
border, having a little channel at the base; octoon a little shorter
than the metapodeon; ennaton much shorter than the octoon ; de-
caton still shorter ; protelum, paratelum and telum very short: seg-
ments of the thorax beneath partly cupreous, very minutely squa-
meous, having a suture along the middle: ventral segments of the
abdomen concealed by those of the dcrsum: sheaths of the oviduct
black, pubescent, a little longer than the abdomen: legs pale red ;
coxe green, scaly: wings slightly timged with yellow ; nervures ful-
vous; humerus much less than half the length of the wing; ulna
much shorter than the humerus; radius much shorter than one-
fourth of the length of the ulna; cubitus not half the length of the
radius ; stigma of moderate size, emitting a thick branch towards
the tip of the radius.
Callimome Cecidomye, fem. Aureo-viridis, antennis nigris, pedibus
flavis viridi et fusco vittatis, alis limpidis. (Corp. long. lin. 14;
alar. lin. 2.)
Body bright golden-green, convex: head and thorax finely squa-
meous, the scales on the head and on the fore part of the thorax so
disposed as to form little transverse undulations : head as broad as
the thorax: antenne black, subclayate, pubescent, shorter than the
thorax ; first joint long, slender, green, fulvous at the base; second
cyathiform ; third and fourth very minute; fifth and following joints
to the eleventh successively but very slightly shorter and broader ;
club linear, conical at the tip, a little broader than the eleventh joint
and more than twice its length : thorax elliptical: prothorax trans-
verse, narrower in front, its breadth more than twice its length:
scutum of the mesothorax long; sutures of the parapsides distinct,
approaching each other; axille large, triangular, not conniving ;
scutellum somewhat rhomboidal: metathorax transverse, very short:
propodeon transverse, rather short, very slightly decumbent : podeon
extremely short: abdomen fusiform, smooth, shining, narrower, but
not longer than the thorax, blue towards the base; the segments,
excepting the metapodeon, very minutely squameous ; metapodeon
occupying less than one-third of the dorsum, slightly dehiscent
on the middle of the hind border; octoon and ennaton of moderate
length; decaton longer than the ennaton; protelum shorter than
the ennaton ; paratelum still shorter; telum very short: sheaths of
the oviduct black, pubescent, much longer than the abdomen : legs
yellow ; coxz green; a longitudinal stripe of green on each of the
metafemora, and the same of fuscous on each metatibia; mesotarsi
and metatarsi straw-colour, fuscous at the tips: wings limpid, broad,
16 Mr. F. Walker on some Chalcidites of North America.
very long, reaching when at rest to half the length of the sheaths of
the oviduct; nervures piceous; humerus much less than half the
length of the wing; ulna much shorter than the humerus; radius
hardly longer than one-sixth of the ulna; cubitus half the length of
the radius ; stigma small, emitting a very short branch.
Parasitic on Cecidomya communis, Barnston’s MSS.
Lamprotatus Dizus, fem. neus, antennis nigris, pedibus rufis,
FSemoribus viridibus, alis limpidis, (Corp. long. lin. 1; alar.
lin. 12.)
Body convex, zneous: head and thorax finely squameous::
head transverse, short, a little broader than the thorax: antennz
black, subclavate, a little shorter than the thorax; first joint long,
slender, zneous ; second cyathiform, zeneous ; third and fourth joints
very minute; fifth and following joints to the tenth transverse, suc-
cessively shorter and slightly increasing in breadth; club conical,
more than twice the length of the tenth joint : thorax elliptical : pro-
thorax transverse, very short, rounded in front, much narrower than
the mesothorax : scutum of the mesothorax broad; sutures of the
parapsides very distinct, approaching each other; axille large, tri-
angular, not conniving; scutellum narrow, somewhat rhomboidal :
metathorax transverse, very short: propodeon transverse, cbconic,
decumbent: podeon very short: abdomen elliptical, slightly keeled
beneath, a little narrower but not longer than the thorax ; metapo-
deon occupying less than one-third of the dorsum; octoon not half
the length of the metapodeon ; ennaton shorter than the octoon ; de-
caton a little longer than the ennaton ; protelum and paratelum each
as long as the decaton; telum very short; ventral segments hidden
by those of the dorsum: oviduct concealed: legs dull red; coxée
geneous; thighs eneous green; mesotarsi and metatarsi pale red,
their tips fuscous: wings limpid; nervures fuscous ; humerus much
less than half the length of the wing; ulna not more than half the
length of the humerus ; radius longer than the ulna; cubitus much
shorter than the ulna; stigma small, emitting a short branch.
Pteromalus puparum, Linn. &c. ;
Female.—Scales of the scutellum more minute than those of the
scutum of the metathorax: propodeon having a rim on each side:
abdomen oval, concave above, pilose towards the tip; metapodeon
smooth, occupying more than one-third of the dorsum ; octoon of
moderate size, very minutely squameous, as are all the following
segments; ennaton shorter than the octoon; decaton shorter than
the ennaton ; protelum, paratelum and telum of equal length, each a
little longer than the decaton; dorsal segments hiding those beneath
the abdomen, leaving a passage for the oviduct.
Reared from the pupa of Vanessa Cardui by Mr. Barnston. This
insect inhabits Europe, and has been found in Finmark, within the
Arctic circle. It is a means ordained by Providence to counteract
the otherwise too great increase of butterflies belonging to the genera
Pontia and Vanessa.
Mr. F. Walker on some Chalcidites of North America. 17
Encyrtus Bolus, fem. Ater, antennis pedibusque nigris, genubus ful-
vis, tarsis piceis, alis albis. (Corp. long. lin. 4; alar. lin. 4.)
~ Body black, convex, shining, slightly punctured : head transverse,
short, vertical, as broad as the thorax: antennz clavate, black, as
long as the thorax; first joint long, stout ; second cyathiform ; third
and following joints to the ninth small, successively shorter and
broader ; club fusiform, nearly as long as all the joints from the third
to the ninth: thorax elliptical: prothorax transverse, extremely
short, not visible above: scutum of the mesothorax large, having a
slight channel along its disc; parapsides united with the scutum ;
axille triangular; scutellum small: metathorax transverse, very
short; propodeon obconic, declining : podeon extremely short: ab-
domen fusiform, concave above, longer and narrower than the thorax :
legs black ; knees fulvous; tarsi piceous; middle legs having the
tibiz and tarsi long and large as usual: wings white, rather small ;
nervures fuscous ; humerus less than half the length of the wing ;
ulna thick, very short ; radius still shorter than the ulna; cubitus
much longer than the ulna; stigma small, emitting no branch.
Reared from a species of Coccus? that infests willow-twigs.
Tetrastichus granulatus, fem., Barnston’s MSS. Tetrastichus Aga-
thocles? A.N.H.1. 4neo-viridis, antennis fuscis, pedibus flavis,
Semoribus viridibus, tibiis nonnunquam fuscis, alis limpidis. (Corp.
long. lin, 3—%; alar. lin. 1—14.)
Body eneous-green, shining, slightly convex, very minutely squa-
meous, thinly pubescent: head very short, impressed between the
eyes, as broad as the thorax: eyes and ocelli red, one of the latter
in advance on a line between the other two: antenne fuscous, clavate,
pubescent, shorter than the thorax ; first joint long, slender; second
cyathiform ; fourth joint shorter and broader than the third, but
longer and narrower than the fifth; club elliptic, broader than the
fifth joint and about twice its length: thorax elliptical: prothorax
transverse, very short: scutum of the mesothorax very large, having
a slight furrow along the middle; sutures of the parapsides very
distinct, approaching each other; axillz rather large, not conniving ;
scutellum somewhat rhomboidal, having a longitudinal furrow on
each side: metathorax transverse, very short : propodeon transverse,
rather short, slightly decumbent : podeon extremely short : abdomen
oval, depressed, shorter and a little broader than the thorax; meta-
podeon large; octoon and following segments to the telum succes-
sively shorter?: oviduct concealed: legs yellow; coxe and thighs
green; tibize sometimes fuscous; tips of the tarsi fuscous: wings
limpid; nervures fulyvous, not much more than half the length of the.
wing ; humerus rather short ; ulna as long as the humerus; radius
extremely short; cubitus long, rather less than half the length of
the ulna but more than twice the length of the radius; stigma very
small, emitting a short branch.
Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Vol. xiv. C
18 Mr. F. Walker on some British Chalcidites.
V1.—Descriptions of some British Chaleidites. By Francis
Waker, Esq., F.L.S.
Eurytoma tumida, mas et fem. Afra, brevis, gibbosa, alta, anten-
nis pedibusque nigris, genubus tarsisque rufis, alis limpidis, nervis
piceis. (Corp. long. lin. 1; alar. lin. 13.)
Male.—Body convex: head and thorax roughly punctured: head
a little broader than the thorax: antennz setaceous, nodose, verti-
cillate-pilose, as long as the thorax ; first joint long, slender ; second
cyathiform ; third and fourth very minute ; fifth and following joints
hardly dilated, appearing more approximate than in the following
species, verticillata, Serratule, curta, Abrotant, apicalis, collaris, annu-
lipes, atra and Argele: thorax somewhat obconic : prothorax a little
narrower than the head, quadrate; its breadth rather more than
twice its length: mesothorax more convex than that of the follow-
ing species, verticillata, Serratule, curta, annulipes, rufipes, Scultenna
and Sittace; scutum large, broader than long; sutures of the par-
apsides very distinct, approaching each other; axille or paraptera
large, triangular, separated above by a space nearly equal to the
scutum between the base of the parapsides; scutellum somewhat
conical, truncate in front, abruptly decumbent behind, and thus form-
ing nearly a right angle: metathorax very short, appearing trans-
versely after the hind border of the scutum: propodeon (usually
termed metathorax) large, obconic, furrowed distinctly along the
middle, but less clearly on each side, more abruptly decumbent than
in the following species, verticillata, Serratule, curta, Abrotani, an-
nulipes, rufipes, Scultenna and Sittace: podeon slender, cylindrical,
punctured, as long as the propodeon: abdomen short-oval, smooth,
shining, much compressed, hardly longer than high, subtriangular
when viewed sideways (being flat beneath and forming above an
angle whose sides are convex), shorter than that of verticillata, Ser-
ratule and curta; metapodeon large, having no channel ; octoon,
ennaton and decaton of moderate size; protelum, paratelum and telum
very short : wings broad ; humerus slender, much less than half the
length of the wing; ulna thick, much less than half the length of
the humerus; radius much shorter than the ulna; cubitus as long
as the radius; stigma small, emitting a short branch.
Female.—Head as broad as the thorax: antenne shorter than the
thorax, thicker, shorter and more clavate than in the following species,
verticillata, Serratule, curta, annulipes, rufipes, Sittace and Argele ;
fifth and following joints to the ninth long, successively decreasing
in length; club fusiform, twice the length of the ninth joint: podeon
much shorter than the propodeon: abdomen much longer than that
of the male, shorter than that of verticillata, Serratule and collaris,
fusiform, convex and keeled beneath, slightly compressed, its length
considerably exceeding its height ; segments from the metapodeon to
the decaton large above, much contracted on each side, approximate
and conniving together beneath; metapodeon of moderate size; oc-
toon, ennaton and decaton large; protelum very short above, much
dilated on each side and concealing the ventral segments ; paratelum
and telum very short above but broader on each side.
Mr. F. Walker on some British Chalcidites. 19
Kurytoma Argele, mas et fem. Altra, convexa, viv gibbosa, anten-
nis pedibusque nigris, genubus tarsis protibiisque rufis, alis limpi-
dis, nervis fuscis. (Corp. long. lin. 14; alar. lin. 23.)
Male.—Body convex: head and thorax roughly punctured : head
a little broader than the thorax: antennze setaceous, nodose, verti-
cillate-pilose, as long as the thorax ; first joint long, slender ; second
cyathiform ; third and fourth very minute; fifth and following joints
subquadrate, dilated, successively decreasing in size, each having a
narrow stem about half its length: thorax nearly obconic, less con-
vex than that of verticillata, Serratule, rufipes, tumida and platy-
ptera: prothorax quadrate, a little narrower than the head; its breadth
rather more than twice its length: scutum large, broader than long ;
sutures of the parapsides very distinct, approaching each other; par-
aptera large, triangular, separated by a space nearly equal to the
scutum between the base of the parapsides ; scutellum nearly conical,
truncate in front, less decumbent behind than that of verticillata,
Serratule, curta, annulipes, rufipes, Scultenna, Sittace, tumida, fumi-
pennis, platyptera and Abrotani: metathorax very short, appearing
transversely behind the scutellum: propodeon large, obconic, more
horizontal than that of verticillata, Serratule, curta, Abrotani, annu-
lipes, rufipes, Scultenna and Sittace, having only one broad shallow
channel along the middle: podeon slender, cylindrical, punctured,
longer than the propodeon: abdomen very short, smooth, shining,
not much more than half the length of the thorax, abruptly decum-
bent in front and near the tip ; its length slightly exceeds its height ;
metapodeon less than one-fourth of the length of the abdomen, ha-
ving a short longitudinal channel at the base; octoon of moderate
size, nearly as long as the metapodeon; ennaton very large ; decaton
small; protelum, paratelum and telum very short: wings broad ;
humerus much less than half the length of the wing ; ulna less than
half the length of the humerus, more slender than the ulna of verti-
cillata, Serratule, curta, Abrotani, anunulipes, rufipes, Micipsa, bre«
vicollis and nitida; radius as long as the ulna; cubitus nearly as
long as the ulna; stigma small, emitting a short branch.
Female.—Head as broad as the thorax: antennz slightly clavate,
shorter than the thorax; first joint long, slender; second cyathi-
form ; third and fourth very minute; fifth and following joints to
the ninth long but successively shorter; club fusiform, twice the
length of the ninth joint: podeon much shorter than the propodeon:
abdomen smooth, shining, slightly compressed, gradually decumbent
towards the base and towards the tip, somewhat shorter than the
thorax ; its height more than half its length; segments not much
contracted beneath; metapodeon rather large; octoon and ennaton
of moderate size; decaton large above, short beneath; protelum,
paratelum and telum very short: oviduct concealed.
Eurytoma Sittace, fem. Aira, convexa, vir gibbosa, antennis pedi-
busque nigris, tibiis fuscis, genubus tarsis et protibiis rufis, alis
_limpidis, nervis fulvis. (Corp. long. lin. 1; alar. lin. 24.)
Body convex : head and thorax roughly punctured : head as broad
C2
20 Mr. F. Walker on some British Chalcidites.
as the thorax: antenne slightly clavate, shorter than the thorax ; first
joint long, slender ; second cyathiform ; third and fourth very minute;
fifth and following joints to the ninth long, but successively shorter ;
club fusiform, twice the length of the ninth joint : thorax somewhat
obconic, less convex than that of verticillata, Serratule, rufipes, tu-
mida and platyptera; scutum of the mesothorax large, broader than
long; sutures of the parapsides distinct, approaching each other ;
axille large, triangular, not conniving; scutellum truncate-conical,
abruptly declining at the tip, where it forms nearly a right an-
gle: metathorax transverse, very short: propodeon large, obconic,
abruptly declining, furrowed distinctly along the middle but less
clearly on each side: podeon much shorter than the propodeon : ab-
domen oval, smooth, shining, slightly convex, not much compressed,
as long as the thorax; its height little more than half its length ;
the segments gathered together beneath; metapodeon, octoon and
ennaton of moderate size; decaton very large; protelum, paratelum
and telum very short: oviduct concealed: wings broad; humerus
much less than half the length of the wing; ulna less than half the
length of the humerus, slender like that of H. Argele ; radius shorter
than the ulna; cubitus as long as the radius; stigma small, emitting
a short branch.
Eurytoma Scultenna, mas. Atra, convera, vix gibbosa, antennis
pedibusque nigris, genubus tarsis protibiisque flavis, alis limpidis,
nervis pallide fuscis. (Corp. long. lin. 14; alar. lin. 14.)
Body convex: head and thorax roughly punctured: head a little
“broader than the thorax: antennz setaceous, nodose, verticillate-
pilose, as long as the thorax ; first joint long, slender; second cya-
thiform third and fourth very minute; fifth and following joints
subquadrate, hardly dilated, successively decreasing in size, joined
closely together like those of . tumida: thorax somewhat obconic,
less convex than that of verticillata, Serratule, rufipes, tumida or
platyptera : prothorax transverse, quadrate, not narrower in front ;
its breadth rather more than twice its length: scutum of the meso-
thorax broader than long ; sutures of the parapsides distinct, approach-
ing each other; axille large, triangular, not conniving; scutellum
somewhat conical, truncate in front, abruptly decumbent at the tip,
where it nearly forms a right angle: mesothorax transverse, very
short : propodeon large, obconic, abruptly declining, furrowed indi-
stinctly along the middle and less clearly on each side: podeon
cylindrical, slender, dull, punctured, as long as the propodeon: ab-
domen oval, smooth, shining, compressed, abruptly decumbent in
front and towards the tip, little more than half the length of the
thorax ; its height does not equal its length; metapodeon occupy-
ing more than one-third of the dorsum, having a longitudinal chan-
nel; octoon rather large ; ennaton very large; decaton of moderate
size; protelum, paratelum and telum very short: wings broad;
humerus much less than half the length of the wing; ulna thick,
not half the length of the humerus; radius much shorter than the
ulna; cubitus a little shorter than the radius; stigma small, emit-
ting a short branch.
‘Mr. F. Walker on some British Chalcidites. 21
Eurytoma Micipsa, mas. Atra, convexa, minime gibbosa, antennis
pedibusque nigris, genubus rufis, tarsis piceis, alis subfuscis.
(Corp. long. lin. 1; alar. lin. 14.)
Body convex: head and thorax roughly punctured: head a little
broader than the thorax: antenne slender, setaceous, longer than
the thorax; joints from the fifth to the ninth elliptical, hardly di-
lated, joined together by slender stalks about half the length of
each joint: thorax somewhat obconical, less convex than that of
nerticillata, Serratule, rufipes, tumida and platyptera: prothorax qua-
drate; its breadth more than twice its length: scutum of the meso-
thorax broader than long; sutures of the parapsides distinct, ap-
proaching each other; axille large, triangular, not conniving ;
scutellum somewhat conical, truncate in front, not falling behind
so deep as.in the species above-mentioned: metathorax trans-
verse, very short: propodeon large, obconic, more horizontal than
in the following species, verticillata, Serratule, curta, Abrotani,
annulipes, rufipes, Scultenna and Sittace, and having only one broad
shallow channel along the middle: podeon cylindrical, slender, dull,
punctured, as long as the propodeon : abdomen oval, smooth, shining,
compressed, abruptly decumbent at the base and towards the tip,
little more than half the length of the thorax; its height is not equal
to its length; metapodeon less than one-third of the length of the
abdomen, decumbent in front; octoon of moderate size; ennaton
large ; decaton of moderate size; protelum, paratelum and telum very
short : wings moderate ; humerus much less than half the length of
the wing; ulna rather thick, less than half the length of the hume-
rus ; radius much shorter than the ulna ; cubitus as long as the radius ;
stigma small, emitting a short branch.
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