Pet sen tinti— tele Cn reves ttoy Otel ot ttt wr Preweryror es Sarno wa taf ee ee ee ee oe ee ee ee ee ee eee ee ee a Wh teste Htowy tim gett gi» Gorda fie Bh He etal Care tester th nee Sambi Ms nk me Hip COR elt eee edn din guy 7 MeO the oh Onda bd Hatbe Pod Batty r. a nesteylte tt Cte in Re OSS ei ane + te OT ee eke aeatnlt to ah athwad oth A A Bane th at on te: ate yeaah ee re ee See ee ee Re tn the hig Wich Sin ali Hah nl aston Sha sha Bate doet - a eo 4 PEG ne elo kh tl AN eke Th OT eth end a) i apne epee tinned ee ee ee ‘ . ar oe Geb Gm lh Pornihwy ae seth ap And areata eerie einen nena Wontar ene any teen Cy Dee See ees ee ee ee eae ee te > 2 “ ee ee eno Detain tie mle Hehe he frie pee et Oe oe ee ee yee Mer rein mE al ap fet Be tet Th totale Mee o Dah 6 AE tarry ee ee 2 ee ae ne AP Pe ant hd rms ‘ om hey ft ee eho “ “ee te oe : ned be Prine nb nd therParn® im Rowrned Ar ceene G8 Noein tan ne aA ato mae e ; * i c, ) a ee i N yt i 4 vk 4 aay hae j aa SOS, AL THE ANNALS AND MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY, INCLUDING ZOOLOGY, BOTANY, ann GEOLOGY. (BEING A CONTINUATION OF THE ‘ANNALS’ COMBINED WITH LOUDON AND CHARLESWORTH’S ‘ MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY.’ ) CONDUCTED BY ALBERT C. L. G. GUNTHER, M.A., M.D., Ph.D., F.R.S., WILLIAM S. DALLAS, F.LS., WILLIAM CARRUTHERS, F.RB.S., P.L.S., F.GS., AND WILLIAM FRANCIS, Ph.D., F.LS. PPI IIL PLDI PP PLP PPL L A VOL. XIX.—FIFTH SERI y “soni —_ eee ~ LONDON: PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS. SOLD BY LONGMANS, GREEN, AND CO.; SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, AND CO. ; KENT AND CO.; WHITTAKER AND CO.: BAILLIERE, PARIS: MACLACHLAN AND STEWART, EDINBURGH : HODGES, FOSTER, AND CO., DUBLIN: AND ASHER, BERLIN, 1887, J4 ws af “ Omnes res creatse sunt divine sapientix et potenti testes, divitie felicitatis humane :—ex harum usu Jonitas Creatoris; ex pulchritudine sapientia Domini; ex ceconomié in conservatione, proportione, renoyatione, potentia majestatis elucet. Harum itaque indagatio ab hominibus sibi relictis semper eestimata ; a veré eruditis et sapientibus semper exculta; malé doctis et barbaris semper inimica fuit.”—Linnzus. “Quel que soit le principe de la vie animale, il ne faut qu’ouvrir les yeux pour voir qu'elle est le chef-d’ceuvre de la Toute-puissance, et le but auquel se rappor- tent toutes ses opérations.”—Brucnngr, Théorie du Systeme Animal, Leyden, 1767. specs ..... . Thesylvan powers Oren our summons ; fon their deepest dells The Dryads come, and throw their garlands wild And odorous branches at our feet; the Nymphs That press with nimble step the mountain-thyme And purple heath-flower come not empty-handed, But scatter round ten thousand forms minute Of velvet moss or lichen, torn from rock Or rifted oak or cavern deep: the Naiads too Quit their loved native stream, from whose smooth face They crop the lily, and each sedge and rush That drinks the rippling tide: the frozen poles, Where peril waits the bold adventurer’s tread, The burning sands of Borneo and Cayenne, All, all to us unlock their secret stores And pay their cheerful tribute. J. Taytor, Norwich, 1818, CONTENTS OF VOL. XIX. [FIFTH SERIES. } NUMBER CIX. I. On some new or imperfectly-known Species of Stromato- poroids. By H. ALLEYNE Nicnoxson, M.D., D.Sc., Regius Professor of Natural History in the University of Noacdecn Eph rt IIL. ( Plates D9 I) Ne Rv OR Path SOR Ponape oe RE Mee So II. Notes on a Species of Entalophora from the Neocomian Clay Of dancolnshires | By JG. Meo ENRT Sart... eioierths) daycare vagtets atl oak 8 II. The Morphology of Antedon rosacea. By P. Herperr CaRPENTER, D.Sc., F.R.S., F.L.S., Assistant Master at Eton Col- Br ramen re eh a cle «ft RNS, Sea cn Sr SME, Gare eae IV. On the Rhopalocera of Northern Borneo.—Part I. By W. Be, Dasa aid Nias, PORN Spevate doje aah dikes sraystaehiey6h wperel se xe V. Onsome Darwinistic Heresies. By Prof. Cart Voat ...... VI. Descriptions of nine new Spec‘es of African Butterflies. By I AG ROSE JO NEN EL rn a oho mPa De Ws Ee on obs #1 aly an ARs laa aig 7 VII. Diagnosis of a new Species of Hesperomys from North Ponerign, by Oni mQwan eT Asy weeds os dae ewe cess ceeds VIII. Description of a new Tailed Batrachian from Corea. By iggieo) LS DUUU UR (62007964 teil ee ele ci TCO CCPC eee ara er ACiea i RaC IX. On the Genus Windia, Duncan, and the Name of its Typical Species. By GrorcE Jennines Hinpr, Ph.D., F.G.S. .......... Description of a new Genus of Gymnosomatous Pteropoda, by M. PRROWECISENCCE I. Acta dah aA dat D als aed vee Mate ta etaarm trent Page iv CONTENTS. NUMBER Cx. Page X. The Generic Position of Solanocrinus. By P. HERBERT CaR- PENTER, D.Sc., F.R.S., F.L.S., Assistant Master at Eton College... 81 XI. On a Crangon, some Schizopoda, and Cumacea new to or rare in the British Seas. By the Rey. Canon A. M. Norman, M.A.. POM BES: cto csc yam op ha ple ein ele eas ee ele 89 XII. Description of a new Butterfly allied to Vanessa antiopa. By Arruur G. Buruer, F.L.S., B.ZS., KG... 0. eee eee eee 103 XITI. New Genera and Species of Corylophide in the Collection of the British Museum. By the Rev. A. MaTTHEWS............ 106 XIV. Description of a new Species of Distomum. By F. JEr- Tain Bo oc ra: IE oc 4 a om ASA 116 XV. On some Points in the Morphology and Classification of the Saleniide, Agassiz. By Prof. P. Martin Duncan, M.B., F.B.S., PES; and W. Percy Siapen, F.G-S,, Sec.G.8ic6e<=. 25s ns. ms 117 XVI. On the Pelagic Fauna of our Shores in its Relation to the Nourishment of the Young Food-Fishes. By Prof. M‘Inrosu, M.D., oy OO ESA irs A Sa So ae ey pee 137 XVII. Description of a new Papuan Phalanger. By OLpFrELp PEORAR: 9i)a.j.ciei lation 4 qaeis 0! 4 nate iets OGRE eae Sie! oie se Finnie 146 XVIIL. Diagnoses of two new Fruit-eating Bats from the Solomon Tslands.“ By OLpPIELD THOMAS.....: :.14 Gere renee the «> sence 147 XIX. On new Fishes from the Lower Congo. By G. A. AON GT sa ac yao. b's ne 2 22 oy = Gan ae 148 XX. Critical Notes on the Polyzoa. By the Rev. Tuomas PETIN CK, 5s Ay BTU. «oo wid ew 2.0 ate vig cod Se Role see 150 On the Class Podostomata, a Group embracing the Merostomata and Trilobites, by A. S. Packard; On the Anatomy and Classifica- tion of the Phytopti, by Dr. Alfred Nalepa; On the Conodonts, by MM. J. V. Rohon and K. A. von Zittel; Note on the Rep- tiles and Batrachians collected by Captain Em. Storms in the Tanganyika Region, by M. L. Dollo; On Spongilla glomerata, Mintle doy rh. Vel dOvalty ns os cats, ogo oho eee 164—168 NUMBER CXfI. XXI. Description of a new Snake of the Genus Calamaria, from Borneo. By G. A. BouLENGER XXII. On a new Family of Pleurodiran Turtles. By G. A. IPOUMRNGMR: (ch.4 them enue astern beac CONTENTS. ¥v Page XXIII. Descriptions of new South-American Characinoid Fishes. EG A. EROUEAGN GIES sty oy neatet a aerate mpeavtya. erg ae ies alebacle/ele es 8 172 XXIV. Notes on some Species of Inland Mollusca, By T. D. A. WOUMIER EDU SO LGR ee Net etdie uettin GIR Sy eae art Pee 4 ier 174 XXV. Notes on the Paleozoic Bivalved Entomostraca. — No. XXIII. On some Silurian Genera and Species (continued). By Prof. T, Rupert Jonss, F.R.S., F.G.S. (Plates I[V—VII.) ...... 177 XXVI. On the Cetoniide of Japan, with Notes of new Species, Synonymy, and Localities. By Grorer Lewis, F.LS........... 196 XXVII. On the Position of the Ampullaceous Sac and the Func- tion of the Water Canal-system in the Spongida. By H.J.Carrer, LHe] SS Rar NP ARES VAR ine cs, ea aN RE Mita EY an Ne ee 203 XXVIII. Description of a new Genus of Stylasteride. By R. Kirkpatrick, Assistant, British Museum (Natural History). MOE VEO NSIMED Yee ttc ta scarce chonaanne piegerd © arose 8 cr eiel sia +) ewe re he ech ss ple ei ue 212 XXIX. Descriptions of new Species of Bombycid Lepidoptera from the Solomon Islands. By Arruur G. Burier, F.4S%., Ones eee e ae Coe aaa « Ne oral sal eaererars oe = eu oR 214 XXX. Last Words on Prof. Claus. By E. Ray Lanxester, 15 NET EAL OPT OF os PRN ech inh Mir cae Pan Ae RIS 5 eae arte 7 Proceedings of the Geological Society ..........cs.ee seers 227—240 On Lerneascus nematoxys, a hitherto unknown Lernean, by Prof. C. Claus ; Considerations on the Nervous System of the Gaste- ropoda, by M. H. de Lacaze-Duthiers; Note on egalecus glesne, Ascanius, by James A. Grieg; Carterius Stepanowit, Petr, by H. J. Carter, F.R.S. &c. ; On some Optical Properties of the Peristome of Mosses, by M. J. Amann .......... 241—248 NUMBER CXII. XXXI. The Relationships of the Porifera. By Dr. G.C. J. VosmaER. (Translated by ARTHUR DENDY, B.Se., F.L.8.) ...... 249 XXXII. A Reply to Dr. G. J. Hinde’s Communication, “ On the Genus Hindia, Dunc., and the Name of its Typical Species.” By Proi.-P Marri Denean py PRIS. Gti «tienes 886 ea dees weds 260 XXXIII. On the Rhopalocera of Northern Borneo.—Part II. By Reis ese Ae and, WW PPB el e's ee otie ee ele week 264 XXXIV. On the Microscopic Fauna of elevated Alpine Lakes (600-2780 metres above the Sea). By Dr. O. E. Iywor........... 276 vi CONTENTS. Page XXXV. Description of Chondrosia spurca, n. sp., from the South — : @oast of Australia... By H.J. Carrer, FBS. en oo... 28. e 286 XXXVI. Descriptions of new Coleoptera-in the British Museum. _ PC rARtES O, WATERHOUSE...) 55.66. ays 55s eyes os Gee 289 XXXVII. Descriptions of three new Species of Butterflies from purmab, by EH. GROSE. SMITH oe. oe en tg spain, 0 ery RPDS 296 XXXVIII. Observations on Freshwater Sponges. By Dr. A. BUS GTEDEOMERTISIEL 5 /Pia. ahah, ges isiutiava ayoie vale Ven Sens jn staue sr etep o> ia -Vaiainaenga es 298 XXXIX. The Polyzoa of the Adriatic: a Supplement to Prof. Heller’s * Die Bryozoen des adriatischen Meeres, 1867. By the Rev. roms HincKs, B:A.,.F RS), (Plate EX.) yee ie fouGp eth kbs 302 XL. On the Structure of the me By A. CRoNEBERG 316 On the Structurs of the Muscular Fibres of some Annelids,“by M. Jourdan; The Stigmata of the Scolopendride, by Dr. Erich Haase ; On the Food of the Sardine, by MM. G. Pouchet and J. de Giiern ere das, bape el cee DAG URESE Lake De OL =—oe NUMBER CXIII. XLL. Parasitic Castration, and its Influence upon the External Characters of the Male Sex, in the Decapod Crustacea. By Prof. A. SEEMED oy er erate (i ta NORE sate NE oe GARE tater Rg Ra ee GE Fee 325 XLII. On new Batrachians from Malacca. By G. A. BouLENGER. (igletomey ene ee meer ace). See uahe eerste oh Sena Meeuats, «2 aseveroier aaa iags 345 XLII. On new Siluroid Fishes from the Andes of Columbia, By CASAS OU NG Bao nc ie ol 9s s-ommeto€ «nfs, crestionts> Tab aAL MRS «putes 348 XLIV. On the Reproductive Elements of the Spongida. By H. J. Maumee RSAOess Gish wees eas Gea aul eee re ane e cates wets eet 350 XLV. Descriptions of new Species of Papilionide, Pieride, and reece. i BY INV 7 Es ERD, IOs os oes ihe oon Woo os alee tga 360 XLVI. Descriptions of two new Species of Danaine. By H. REET SMEDISEL, s, 3). 6 6m io. a’tacin ns chee 'afs's's. > ia oe @ aiatne, esto ei een ee 369 XLVII. Descriptions of some new Genera and Species of Cureulio- nide, mostly Asiatic—Part II]. By Francis P. Pascor, F.L.S. (Plate BRST) cs cupcshgs ghee: Fanys jerk 0 os p 9 songs ova ots que eians hia 370 XLVIII. Note on two Species of Lucanoid Coleoptera, allied to Cladognathus bison. By Cuartes O, WATERHOUSE ............ 381 XLIX. Descriptions of two new Species of Coptengis (Coleoptera, Erotylide). By Cuarues O. WATERHOUSE.................0. 082 L. Remarks on Dr. A, Strauch’s Catalogue of the Geckos in the Zoological Museum of the Imperial Academy of St. Petersburg. By PAs BOULENGRE erecta tei. 5, 6 vo aa sale cola pee eh ey ee aeliees tote ea 383 CONTENTS. Vil Page New Books :—The Structure and Life-history of the Cockroach ( Periplaneta orientalis), an Introduction to the Study of Insects. By L. C. Mrati and AtFrrep Denny. — Exotische Schmet- terlinge. Abbildungen und Beschreibungen der wichtigsten exotischen Tagfalter i in systematischer Reihenfolee mit Beruck- . sichtigung neuer Arten, von Dr. O. STAUDINGER, unter tech- nischer Mitwirkung 70H Dr. H. Laneuaus (1-16 Lieferungen). II. Theil. Die Familien und Gattungen der Tagfalter systematisch und analytisch bearbeitet, von Dr. E. “SCHATZ qd, 2 Lieferungen).— Guide to the Galleries of Reptiles and Fishes in the Depar tment of Zoology of the British Museum (Natural History).—A General Guide to the British Museum (Natural History), Cromwell Road, POMP ONS. W Ginn dian siiacigln wom UTR te ea ae aren esos oe L On the Term Muelleria as applied to a Genus of Holothurians, by F. Jeffrey Bell, M.A. ; On the Pteromaline of the Hessian Fly, by Prof. K. Lindeman ; On the Power of Multiplication of the Infusoria Ciliata, by M. E., Maupas; On the Relations of the Groups of Arthropoda, by Prof. Carl Clouser 3892—396 NUMBER CXIV. LI. Description of a second Species of Rabbit-Bandicoot (Pera- gale). By OLDFIEL D Tuomas, Natural-History Museum ........ 397 LI. Nakes on the Paleeozoic Bivalved Entomostraca.—No. XXIV. On some Silurian Genera and Species. By Prof. T. Rupert Jongs, POMS Gas (Plata es BR Se MN acacia ets cee we ere a Meters 400 LIT. Notes on some Land-Sheilsfrom New Guinea and the Solo- mon Islands, with Descriptions of new Species. By Epaar A. SIGEIEED,) Eat Grea ieee mania: ne heprta tot acss).) wie aieQeetse +o) ics spusenjeestt tana. 416 LIV. Sporendonema terrestre, Oudemans, an exemple of Endoge- nous Spore-formation among the Hyphomycetes. By C. A. J. A. OUDEMANS LV. Descriptions of new Species of Moths (Noctuites) from the Solomon Islands. By Arruur G, Buturr, F.L.S., F.Z.8., &e..... 482 LVI. New Infusoria from New Zealand. By T. W. Kirnx...... 439 LVII. Descriptions of new Species of Epttola from Cameroons &c. in the Collection of Henley Grose Smith. By W.F. Kirpy, F.E.S. 441 LVITI. Description of the hitherto unknown Male of Ornithoptera Pactorie, Gray. By Eh Grosu Swen) sec cess 445 LIX. Characters of undescribed Coleoptera in the British Museum, Dy MARLO WATRRTOUBE Yee. c ie ctas stares «5 se nci waly a 446 LX. On the Caucasian Mountain-Goat (Capra caucasica, Gild.), By EEE y MEIRED PEE Ns) Viva cc stom ee siroie neds eos een aid sameimels 450 Vill CONTENTS. Page LXI. Notes on the Osteoloey of the Genus Platysternum. By G. AL BopLENGmR. ((Plates XVI. & XVII.) ..2 ni tas ae ee 461 New Book :—The Larvex of the British Butterflies and Moths. By the late Wiiu1amM BucxiEr. Edited by H. T. Srarnton. Pts ONL L Ne co swiie ess so .ee eps Se he ae eo aire ome eae 464 Note on Tudicula inermis &c., by Edgar A. Smith; The Natural- SLOT Y AMSOUTH pets cteek nig Siac. idle oe ae sites a eh eee 465, 466 ‘Tc(s ep Pet desis Seu serarchete he eictetceenetatars eect ngs ent: BS 467 PLATES IN VOL. XIX. Puiate I, II. >} New Stromatoporoids. III. LV. Silurian Ostracoda. VIII. Phalangopora regularis. IX. Adriatic Polyzoa. X. New Batrachians. XI. New Curculionide. ae Bal eae Ositic ilurian Ostracoda. XII. XIV. Capra caucasica and Aigoceros Pallasii. XV. New Land-Shells. XVI. THE ANNALS AND MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY. [FIFTH SERIES.] COE sebAtooretcngasoa per litora spargite muscum, Naiades, et circiim vitreos considite fontes: Pollice virgineo teneros hic carpite flores: Floribus et pictum, dive, replete canistrum. At vos, o Nymphe Craterides, ite sub undas ; Ite, recurvato variata corallia trunco Vellite muscosis e rupibus, et mihi conchas Ferte, Dez pelagi, et pingui conchylia succo.”’ N. Parthenii Giannettasii Eel. 1. No. 109. JANUARY 1887. 1.—On some new or imperfectly-known Species of Stromato- poroids. By H. Autteyne Nicuouson, M.D., D.Sc., Regius Professor of Natural History in the University of Aberdeen.—Part III. [Plates I.-II. } Clathrodictyon vesiculosum, Nich. & Mur. (Pl. I. figs. 1-3.) Clathrodictyon vesiculosum, Nicholson and Murie, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. vol. xiv. p. 220, pl. ii. figs. 11-15 (1878). Clathrodictyon vesiculosum, Nicholson and R. Etheridge, Jun., Mon. Sil. Foss. Girvan, p. 238, pl. xix. fig. 2 (1880). ? Stromatopora striatella, M‘Coy, British Palswozoiv Fossils, p. 12 (1851). Ccenosteum forming laminar expansions, often of large size, having the lower surface covered by a concentrically-striated and wrinkled epitheca. Full-sized individuals may be from 6 to 9 inches in diameter and an inch or more in thickness. The upper surface is irregularly undulating, without “ mame- lons,” and exfoliating concentrically round the elevated points. Well-developed astrorhize are present ; but the central canals Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 5. Vol, xix. I 2 Frof. H. A. Nicholson on some new or of these do not open on the surface by prominent apertures. As regards minute structure, the ccenosteum is made up of closely-set horizontal lamin, which are only slightly or not at all undulated, but which are minutely crumpled, so as to give rise to more or less imperfect radial pillars. The radial pillars are invariably confined to their respective inter- laminar spaces, and are therefore not “ continuous.” The interlaminar spaces are broken up into minute, often imper- fect, lenticular cells, which are essentially formed by curved inflections of the concentric lamine. In general, from eight to ten interlaminar spaces or from nine to eleven lamine occupy the space of 1 millim.* The cells formed by the radial pillars or by the bendings of the laminee are very variable in size, but are mostly from } to 75 millim. in length. Obs. C. vesiculosum is the type species of the genus Cla- throdictyon +, Nich. & Mur. As in all the species of the genus, therefore, the radial elements of the skeleton are incom- pletely developed, and never extend from one interlaminar space into another. While the radial pillars are thus imper- fect, the concentric lamine of the ccenosteum are minutely undulated, and the interlaminar spaces thus become broken up and subdivided into vesicles, the size and shape of which are exceedingly variable. Hence vertical sections of C. ves¢- culosum (Pl. I. figs. 1 and 3) show a minutely vesicular struc- ture, the ccenosteum appearing to be made up of minute lenticular cells, arranged in horizontal or slightly curved # Tt should be understood that all such measurements as the above are approximate and not absolute, They are true of one particular specimen ; but even within the limits of a single slide the number of interlaminar spaces and laminz in a given space is not absolutely constant. Still more is there a want of complete uniformity when we examine slides taken from different examples of the same species. Nevertheless, in spite of a considerable range of individual variability, each species exhibits a suffi- cient constancy in the average distance at which its component laminz are placed apart to render this character available in specific deter- mination. + The genus Clathrodictyon is distinguished from Actinostroma (Stro- matopora, auctt.) by the fact that the radial pillars are restricted to their respective interlaminar spaces, instead of being ‘‘ continuous.” They also do not give out whorls of radiating “arms,” and hence we do not see in tangential sections the “ hexactinellid” structure so characteristic of species of Actinostroma, though an approach to this is seen in some species of the genus (e. g. in C. regulare, Ros., sp.). The surface in the species of Clathrodictyon is usually smooth or gently undulated and mostly with- out definite prominences or “‘ mamelons ; ” these structures are, however, not universally absent, as I formerly supposed (Mon. Brit. Strom. p. 77), but are present, occasionally or constantly, in two species of the genus. imperfectly-known Species of Stromatoporoids. 3 rows. On the other hand, tangential sections (PI. I. fig. 2) show the cut ends of the isolated and imperfect radial pillars along with the irregularly divided edges of the concentric Jamine. Tangential sections also show no traces of radiating ‘arms ”’ springing from the radial pillars. Small astrorhizee are seen in tangential sections, and these usually have a wall- less central canal ; but the openings of the latter on the surface are not prominently elevated. C. vesiculosum *, Nich. & Mur., belongs to a series of forms the specific determination of which is exceptionally difficult. The forms in question, viz. C. vesiculosum, Nich. & Mur., C. variolare, Rosen, C. Linnarsson’, Nich., and C. crassum, Nich., are all easily recognized as distinct when typical examples are selected for examination. It is therefore expe- dient to distinguish them by separate specific names. At the same time there are close relationships between all these forms, and examples are not uncommon which show intermediate characters, and which therefore it is difficult to refer definitely to any one of the four. Ina less striking form a passage may also be traced between this group of types and C. faustigiatum, Nich. From the forms above mentioned C. vesiculoswm is best distinguished by the extreme closeness with which the con- centric laminz are set and the resulting minuteness of the cells which compose the coenosteum. Not only are the laminz exceedingly close, but the interlaminar spaces are nearly equal in width, and the cellular tissue of the skeleton is thus approximately uniform. On the other hand, in typical examples of C. variolare, Ros., the interlaminar spaces are unequal in size—wide spaces alternating tolerably regularly with spaces which are much narrower than the average and which are usually arranged in groups (PI. I. fig. 5). In @. Linnarssont, Nich., again, the concentric lamine are much less crumpled, and the cells of the interlaminar spaces are * From a recent paper by Dr. Rominger (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. 1886) I gather that this observer had given the name of Stromatopora minuta to the present species many years ago (1871) in a memoir in which a number of Stromatoporoids were described and named. As the memoir in question, however, was never published (and is still unpublished), this name has, of course, no validity. The same observation applies to a number of additional names given by Dr. Rominger in the same memoir to various Stromatoporoids, which haye been subsequently described and named by other authorities. As the non-publication of the memoir in which these names were originally given deprives the same of all force as against names published prior to 1886, it is not altogether easy to see the object gained by the reproduction of these MS, titles at the present day. re 4 Prof. H. A. Nicholson on some new or therefore much more nearly quadrangular than is the case in C. vesiculosum. The form which I have named C. crassum is sufficiently distinguished by the comparatively small num- ber of lamine in a given space and by the great thickness of the skeleton-fibre. Lastly, C. fast/giatum is sufficiently sepa- rated from the present species by the much greater width of the interlaminar spaces and the chevron-like folding of the concentric laminee. Formation and Locality. So far as known, the species is wholly Silurian (Upper Silurian). The type-specimen is from the Clinton formation of Yellowsprings, Ohio. It occurs also in the Niagara Limestone at Thorold, Ontario, and probably at many other localities in this formation. In the Wenlock Limestone of Britain it occurs at Much Wenlock, Dudley, Ironbridge, Dormington, &c. I have also collected specimens apparently belonging to this form from the Silurian (“ Zone of Lentamerus esthonus’’) of Kattentack, Esthonia, and from the “ Raikiill Beds” of Raikill. In Scotland it has been collected by Mrs. Robert Gray in the Silurian rocks of Woodland Point, near Girvan. Clathrodictyon variolare, Rosen, sp. (Pl. I. figs. 4-6.) Stromatopora variolaris, von Rosen, Ueber die Natur der Stromato- poren, p. 61, pl. 1. figs. 2-5 (1867), Coenosteum laminar, hemispherical, or massive, with a con- centrically-wrinkled basal epitheca, and often attaining a large size. ‘The surface may be smooth or may exhibit numerous “mamelons,” which are sometimes small and pointed or, more commonly, low and rounded (PI. I. fig. 4). Astrorhize are present, but are of small size, and do not appear to correspond in any special way with the surface-eminences or “‘ mamelons,” when these latter structures are present. The internal structure is very similar to that of C. vesicu- losum, the skeleton being composed of close-set concentric Jaminee, which are horizontal or only slightly undulated, and are minutely crumpled, so as to give rise, along with the incomplete radial pillars, to a fine vesicular tissue. From eight to ten lamine occupy a space of 1 millim.; but the interlaminar spaces are of unequal sizes, rows of large vesicles alternating with rows of small ones (PI. I. fig. 5). In general, rows of large vesicles are separated by two or three rows of much smaller cells; but there may be only a single row of the latter or they may even be wanting in places, ‘Tangen- imperfectly-known Species of Stromatoporoids. 9) tial sections (PI. I. fig. 6) exhibit the cut ends of the irregular radial pillars and the divided edges of the lamine, but show no characteristic feature. Obs. As before remarked, this species is closely allied to C. vesiculosum, Nich. & Mur., and forms intermediate between the two are not uncommon. The character which most decisively distinguishes C. variolare from the latter is the alter- nation of rows of large cells with wider or narrower zones of exceedingly minute vesicles. In other respects the two forms stand very close to one another. formation and Locality, So far as known, this species is wholly Silurian (Upper Silurian). It occurs abundantly in the Silurian Limestones of Esthonia, and I have collected many examples from Kattentack and between Saage and Ridaka. The species also occurs in the Wenlock Limestone of Britain (Ironbridge and Dormington); but some of the British specimens which I should be disposed to place here differ in certain respects from the Hsthonian type. Von Rosen’s type-specimen (which I have examined) is from Errinal, in Esthonia. Clathrodictyon Linnarssoni, Nich. (PI. I. figs. 7 and 8.) Ccenosteum laminar, often of considerable size, with a finely wrinkled basal epitheca, the upper surface being smooth and. seemingly without “‘mamelons.” Average thickness in the centre of the ccenosteum about 1 inch (in the specimens examined). Small astrorhize are present, with wall-less ver- tical canals; but these do not open above by projecting apertures. In internal structure the coenosteum is composed of close- set horizontal Jamine, about six to eight of these occupying the space of 1 millim. The lamime may undulate gently, but are not minutely crumpled. ‘The interlaminar spaces are crossed by numerous, small, straight radial pillars, which often do not reach the whole way from one lamina to another, and never extend out of their own interlaminar space. ‘The interlaminar spaces are thus broken up into numerous more or less complete cells, which are oblong or square rather than lenticular in form. ‘Tangential sections show the cut ends of the radial pillars and the astrorhizal canals, but offer nothing specially characteristic. Vertical sections (Pl. I. fig. 7) show further the wall-less axial canals of the astrorhize, sending off horizontal radiating branches into successive interlaminar spaces. 6 Prof. H. A. Nicholson on some new or Obs. This species is closely allied to C. veseculosum, Nich. & Mur., and C. variolare, Ros. It differs from both in the want of crumpling of the concentric lamine and in the resulting fact that the interlaminar vesicles are quadrangular rather than lenticular. It differs further from C. vesiculosum in the greater remoteness of the lamine, and from C. vario- lare in the approximately uniform width of the interlaminar spaces. Dr. George J. Hinde has been good enough to submit tome a number of examples of this form from Gotland, where it seems to be common; but I have not found it else- where. Formation and Locality. Wenlock Limestone, Wisby, Gotland (coll. Dr. George J. Hinde). Clathrodictyon striatellum, D’Orb., sp. (Pl. I. figs. 9 and 10.) Stromatopora concentrica, Lonsdale, Silurian System, p. 680, pl. xv. fic, 31 (1839). Stromatopora striatella, VOrbigny, Prodrome de Paléontologie, t. i. p. 51 (1850). Stromatopora mammillata, Fr. Schmidt, Sil. Form. von Ehstland, p. 232 (1858). Stromatopora mammillata, yon Rosen, Ueber die Natur der Stromato- poren, p. 71, pl. viii. figs. 1-5 (1867). Stromatopora mammillata, Ferd. Roemer, Lethzea Paleeczoica, part 1. p. 531, fig. 125 (1883). | Coenosteum mostly laminar or hemispherical, with a con- centrically-wrinkled basal epitheca. Surface more or less undulated, but without definite eminences or “ mamelons,”’ the concentric lamine usually exfoliating concentrically round elevated points. In well-preserved examples the surface shows innumerable small rounded tubercles, representing the crumpling of the concentric lamine, and between these are minute pores. Astrorhizee are apparently wanting. As regards internal structure, vertical sections (PI. I. fig. 9) show that the concentric lamine are comparatively remote, about four interlaminar spaces, and therefore five lamin, occupying the space of 1 millim. ; but the interlaminar spaces are wider over the convexities of the undulated lamine. The lamine are thrown into successive undulations, which are more pronounced in some specimens than in others, but are always gentle and regularly curved. The lamine are also regularly crumpled, in the same manner as in C’, vestculoswm, but less completely, so that there is no appearance in vertical sections of rows of lenticular vesicles, such as are so charac- teristic of the latter species. Each infolding of the lamina is, imperfectly-known Species of Stromatoporords. i however, prolonged downwards * into the interlaminar space below in the form of a more or less complete radial pillar. Some of the radial pillars are quite short; others project about halfway into the interlaminar space; others cross the space and connect themselves with the lamina below; finally a few spring from the upper sides of the lamine. A further very characteristic point about the radial pillars is that they are very commonly double at their bases, where they spring from ,their producing lamina. ‘Tangential sections (Pl. I. fig. 10) of this species are much more characteristic than is usual in the genus Clathrodictyon. Where such a section traverses an interlaminar space the cut ends of the radial pillars are seen in the form of dark granular masses of considerable size and usually of a more or less elongated or oval shape. When the section more or less closely coincides with a con- centric lamina, the cut ends of the radial pillars are more closely set and larger in size, and often form a sort of mosaic pavement, or at other times a loose reticulation. Tangential sections are also unlike similar sections of most species of this genus in the apparent absence of astrorhizal canals. Obs. I shall have the opportunity of dealing more fully elsewhere with the peculiarities of the minute structure of C. striatellum, and need not discuss them further here. In its general features the species is one which can hardly be con- founded with any other member of the genus. It is most nearly related to C. regulare, Rosen, but is readily distin- guished by its wider interlaminar spaces and by the quite peculiar form of its radial pillars. I need only add that my identification of this form as being the one which d’Orbigny had in view in establishing his species is based upon an examination of Lonsdale’s original specimen, which served as the type of the species to the French paleontologist. My identification of Stromatopora mammillata, Fr. Schmidt, with d’Orbigny’s species is based upon specimens of the former kindly given to me by Magister Schmidt himself; and there can be no doubt as to the complete identity of the two types, such slight differences as are apparent being the result of the fact that the Esthonian specimens are silicitied, Formation and Locality. Ordovician and Silurian. So far, the species has not been recognized in the Ordovician rocks * In the illustrations which I gave of vertical sections of this species in the introduction to the ‘Monograph of British Stromatoporoids’ (pl. i. fig. 1 and pl. v. fig. 3) the figures were inadvertently reversed in position, so that the radial pillars are represented as growing from the upper sides of the lamin instead of from the lower, as is really the case. 8 Prof. H. A. Nicholson on some new or except in Esthonia (in the ‘ Borkholm’sche Schichten”). In the Silurian rocks it is a common species in the Wenlock Limestone of Britain (Dudley, Ironbridge, Dormington, &c.). I have also specimens from the Wenlock Limestone of Wisby, Gotland. Clathrodictyon crassum, Nich. (PI. II. figs. 1 and 2.) Ccenosteum laminar, thin (about a centimetre or thereabouts in thickness), and of small size. The underside is covered with a concentrically-striated epitheca. The upper surface is studded with vermiculate tubercles and exhibits well-marked branching astrorhizal canals. ‘‘ Mamelons”’ are not present. As regards internal structure, the coenosteum is seen in vertical sections (Pl. Il. fig. 1) to be composed of nearly horizontal concentric lamine, of which five or six occupy the space of 1 millim. ‘The lamine are minutely inflected and become blended with the thick radial pillars, by which the interlaminar spaces are divided into irregularly-sized oval or rounded cells. In tangential sections (Pl. I. fig. 2) the cut ends of the thickened radial pillars are seen to form a sort of loose reticulation, in which the ends of the smaller pillars usually appear as dark dots. Such sections also show nume- rous, large-sized, branching astrorhizal canals. The skeleton- fibre is of unusual thickness, and the width of the interlaminar spaces is therefore proportionately reduced as compared with the width of the concentric lamine. Obs. Without entering here into minute details, it may be stated that C. crassum is most nearly related to C. variolare, Rosen; and forms intermediate between the two are not unknown. ‘l'ypical examples of the present species can, however, be at once distinguished by the coarse tuberculation of the surface and the comparatively large development of the astrorhize, by the excessive thickness of the skeleton-fibre, by the complete reticulation of the lamine and radial pillars, and by the characteristic aspect of tangential sections. formation and Locality. Rare in the Wenlock Limestone of Britain (Dudley, Ironbridge, and Dormington). Clathrodictyon fastigiatum, Nich. (Pl. L. figs. 5 and 4.) Clathrodictyon fastigiatum, Nicholson, Mon. Brit. Stromatoporoids, p. 43, fig. 3 (figure only). Coenosteum laminar and cake-like, of variable size, but of imperfectly-known Species of Stromatoporotds. 9 small thickness, full-sized individuals having a diameter of 6 inches or more, with a thickness in the centre of an inch or less. The under surface is covered with a concentrically- wrinkled epitheea. The upper surface exhibits vermiculate and inosculating ridges, formed by rows of elongated tubercles, but is otherwise flat or slightly undulated, showing no ‘“‘mamelons.” Astrorhize are very imperfectly developed and can sometimes hardly be said to exist. In internal structure the skeleton is composed of bent and crumpled concentric lamine, of which about five or six occupy the space of 1 millim. As shown by vertical sections (PI. IL. fig. 3), the lamine are bent in two ways. In the first place they are bent imto numerous chevron-like foldings, no traces of which, however, can be seen on the surface of the cceno- steum. In the second place each lamina is minutely crumpled or inflected in such a way that the interlaminar spaces are constricted into rows of very imperfect and more or less open vesicles. ‘The radial pillars are developed from the points of inflection of the laminz, but are mostly imperfect and thin. Hence, in vertical sections, the bent and crumpled lamin are far more conspicuous than the radial pillars. Tangential sections (Pl. Il. fig. 4) exhibit the irregular and vermiculate edges of the transversely-divided and folded lamine, the cut ends of the radial pillars appearing in these as dark rounded dots. Astrorhize may sometimes be recognized in tangential sections, but are always inconspicuous. Obs. This beautiful species has certain relationships with C. variolare, Rosen, and specimens occasionally occur which present a mixture of the characters of the two forms. In typical examples, however, C. fastigiatum can hardly be confounded with any other species of Clathrodictyon. It is distinguished from its nearest allies (viz. C. variolare and C. vesiculosum) by the greater remoteness of the con- centric lamine and by the peculiar and constant chevron- like and angular folds into which the lamine are thrown. The appearances presented by tangential sections are also exceedingly characteristic, and quite unlike those seen in any other species of Clathrodictyon with which I am acquainted. Formation and Locality. Abundant in the Wenlock Lime- stone of Britain (Dudley, Ironbridge, Much Wenlock, Dormington). 1 have also collected examples of the species in the Silurian limestones (‘‘ Zone of Pentamerus esthonus”’) of Kattentack, Hsthonia. 10 Prof. H. A. Nicholson on some new or Clathrodictyon regulare, Rosen, sp. (Pl. II. figs. 5 and 6.) Stromatopora regularis, yon Rosen, Ueber die Natur der Stromatoporen, p. 74, pl. ix. figs. 1-4 (1867). Coenosteum of small size ; sometimes laminar and discoidal, with a wrinkled basal epitheca ; sometimes incrusting foreign bodies. The largest specimen examined is less than 2 inches in diameter, with a maximum thickness of half an inch. The surface is smooth or slightly undulated without ‘‘ mamelons,” and often showing the edges of the exfoliated lamine. Astro- rhize are apparently absent. In well-preserved examples the surface is studded with small rounded tubercles, representing the free ends of the radial pillars, which often send out radia- ting horizontal prolongations, inclosing minute interstitial pores. As regards internal structure, the skeleton is made up of horizontal or slightly flexuous concentric lamin, of which about six occupy the space of 1 millim. The laminz are thick, often with a median dark line, and slightly crumpled (Pl. Il. fig. 5). At each point of inflection the lamina sends down from its under surface a stout radial pillar, which may only project a short way into the interlaminar space, but which, more commonly, becomes connected with the lamina next below. ‘The interlaminar spaces thus become broken up into rows of regular oblong cells, which are about + millim. in length, but vary much in this respect. ‘Tangential sections exhibit large, rounded, dark dots, representing the cut ends of the radial pillars (Pl. Il. fig. 6). These are often con- nected together by distinct radiating “ arms,” thus showing an imperfect form of the “ hexactinellid” structure so cha- racteristic of the species of the genus Acténostroma. Astro- rhizal canals do not appear to be developed. Obs. This species is readily recognized by its slightly inflected, thick laminee, its stout radial pillars, the oblong form of the regularly disposed interlaminar cells as seen in vertical sections, and the presence of radiating “ arms” connecting the radial pillars. In its general characters, both external and internal, it most closely resembles C. striatellum, d’Orb. ; but it is an altogether smaller form, its skeleton is much finer, and the form of the radial pillars and interlaminar cells is quite different. Formation and Locality. Wenlock Limestone, Dudley (rare). It occurs also in the Wenlock Limestone of Wisby, Gotland. Von Rosen’s original specimen (which I have examined) is from the Silurian (‘‘ Zone of Pentamerus estho- nus’’) of Kleine-Ruhde, Esthonia. imperfectly-known Species of Stromatoporotds. it. Clathrodictyon cellulosum, Nich. & Mur. (Pl. IL. figs. 7 and 8.) Clathrodictyon cellulosum, Nicholson & Murie, Journ. Linn, Soc., Zool. vol. xiv. p. 221, pl. ii. figs. 9 & 10 (1878). Ceenosteum massive, or in the form of thick lamine. Under surface not observed. Upper surface covered with pointed tubercles, representing the upper ends of the radial pillars, often connected with one another to form sinuous irregular ridges. In internal structure the skeleton is composed of remote, horizontal or slightly flexuous concentric lamine. On an average two interlaminar spaces, and therefore three lamina, occupy the space of 1 millim. ‘The lamine are minutely crumpled or inflected, so as to give rise to oval interlaminar cells which vary in length from about half a millim. up to 2 millim, or more. The radial pillars look as if formed by the inflections of the lamine ; but the interlaminar cells are often crossed by delicate partitions (‘‘interlaminar septa”), which are independent of the proper radial pillars (Pl. IL. fig. 7). The skeleton-fibre is thick and has the aspect, in vertical sections, of being penetrated by fine vertical tubuli. Tangential sections (Pl. LI. fig. 8) exhibit the remote, oval or round, cut ends of the radial pillars, mostly connected by sinuous lines represent- ing the divided edges of the concentric lamine. Astrorhize are apparently not developed. Obs. This species is at once distinguished from all the other forms of Clathrodictyon by the coarseness of the skeletal frame- work. The entire skeleton, in fact, appears in vertical sections to be made up of rows of large oval vesicles. T'an- gential sections are also highly characteristic. Formation and Locality. Not uncommon in the Corniferous Limestone (Devonian) of Port Colborne and other localities in Western Canada. Clathrodictyon ostiolatum, Nich. (Pl. LIT. figs. 1-3.) Stromatopora ostiolata, Nicholson, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 4, vol. xi. p. 90, pl. iv. figs. 1, le (1878); Rep. on the Paleontology of Ontario, p. 63 (1875). Ccenosteum massive, composed of concentrically laminated parallel cylinders, which are more or less enveloped by laminz concentric with the entire colony, and which terminate super- ficially in blunt nipple-shaped prominences. Under surface unknown. Surfaces of the laminz smooth or with exceed- 12 Prof. H. A. Nicholson on some new or inely fine eranulations, without tubercles or ‘‘ mamelons.”’ ny, & 3 Astrorhize well developed, each system having a vertical, wall-less, axial canal, which opens on the surface of the lamine by a slightly projecting round aperture (PI. III. fig. 3). "As regards internal structure, the skeleton is composed of exceedingly delicate concentric ‘Taming, about five of which occupy the space of 1 millim. (PI. ILI. fig. 1). The lamine are curved, in conformity with the curvatures of the fossil, but are not at all, or but slightly, inflected or crumpled. Hach lamina gives off downwards numerous close-set and delicate radial pillars, which may or may not reach the lamina below. The interlaminar cells are thus more or less quadrangular in Pie though often incomplete. ‘Tangential sections CEE: fie. 2) exhibit minute rounded or oval dots, often almost linear, representing the cut ends of the radial pillars. When the section coincides with the plane of one of the con- centric lamine these dots are replaced by a delicate reticu- lation. Obs. Owing to dolomitisation, it is very difficult to prepare satisfactory sections of this species, the minute structure being considerably obscured by mineralisation. The species is, however, clearly referable to Clathrodictyon, and it is separated from the other species of the genus by the extreme delicacy of the lamine and radial pillars, the form of the interlaminar cells, and the fact that the astrorhize open superficially by marked and projecting apertures. Formation and Locality. ‘The only specimen known is from the Silurian (Guelph formation) of Guelph, Ontario. Clathrodictyon lacum, Nich. (PI. ILI. figs. 4 and 5.) Coenosteum laminar or incrusting, a basal epitheca being present in the former case. Upper surface smooth or slightly undulated, without “ mamelons,” and apparently covered with small tubercles. Astrorhize apparently wanting. As regards internal structure, the skeleton is composed of horizontal or slightly flexuous concentric lamine, of which about four are placed in the space of 1 millim. (There are usually three interlaminar spaces in 1 millim.) The lamine (Pl. ILI. fig. 4) are comparatively thin, and are not crumpled or inflected. ‘he interlaminar spaces are crossed by nume- rous delicate vertical radial pillars, most of which reach from one lamina to the next. ‘Tangential sections (Pl. ILI. fig. 5) exhibit the oval or rounded cut ends of the radial pillars along with the sinuous edges of the transversely divided lamine. imperfectly-known Species of Stromatoporotds. iS Astrorhize may be present, but were not seen in the speci- mens examined. Obs. This species is distinguished by its straight unin- flected lamine and straight radial pillars. The interlaminar spaces are therefore not subdivided into rows of vesicles, as is usual in the species of Clathrodictyon. The comparative remoteness of the lamine is also a good distinguishing cha- racter, the interlaminar spaces being wider than in any other type of the genus known to me, with the exception of C. cellu- losum. Judging from the figures and description given by Dr. Frech of a Devonian Stromatoporoid which he has named Stromatopora philoclymenia ( Die Korallenfauna des Ober- devons in Deutschland,” Zeitschr. d. Deutschen geol. Gesell. Jahrg. 1885, p. 118), I should be inclined to believe that this would prove to be a species of Clathrodictyon, and that it would probably be nearly allied to the present species. SS. philoclymenia, Frech, is, however, described as having lamine decidedly further apart than is the case in C. laxum, the interlaminar spaces being stated to have a width of 4 to 2 millim. Moreover, the tangential section of the former is very unlike that of the present type. Specimens of C. /axum sometimes occur with “ Caunopora- tubes”’ traversing the coenosteum, and in one such specimen, submitted to me by Dr. George J. Hinde, these tubes exhibit well-marked septal spines. Formation and Locality. Corniferous Limestone, Port Col- borne, Ontario. Also in the same formation, at Kelley’s island, Ohio. Clathrodictyon retiforme, Nich. & Mur., sp. (Pl. ILI. figs. 6-8.) Stylodictyon retiforme, Nicholson & Maurie, Journ. Linn, Soc., Zool. vol, xiv. p. 222, pl. iii. figs. 1-3. Coenosteum massive (?) ; the under surface unknown ; the upper surface (PI. II]. fig.8) covered with conspicuous, pointed, conical “‘ mamelons,” which are from 1 to 2 millim. in height, and about 3 or 4 millim. apart. The surface also is thickly studded with small round tubercles, representing the upper ends of the radial pillars. As regards internal structure, the coenosteum is essentially composed of sharply undulated concentric lamine ; but the continuity of the undulations of these is interfered with by the large development of the astrorhizal systems. Hach of these systems consists of a vertical wall-less canal, which is sur- rounded by loose reticulate tissue, this being, in turn, enveloped in a series of from two to five concentrically disposed lamine. 14 Prof. H. A. Nicholson on some new or These concentrically laminated cylinders surrounding the axial astrorhizal canals are disposed in numbers throughout the general undulated laminz of the skeleton. It is the upper ends of these cylinders which form the “ mamelons ”’ on the surface; and one of the axial canals terminates at the summit of each of the latter. On the other hand, the lateral or radi- ating canals of the astrorhizal systems are very incompletely developed. Vertical sections (Pl. III. fig. 7) show the flexured lamine, of which from three to five occupy the space of 1 millim. The lamine give off stout radial pillars, which mostly extend from one lamina to the next. In many cases a larger or smaller number of the radial pillars are placed one above the other in successive interlaminar spaces. Thisis especially the case in the laminz which envelop the axial astrorhizal canals, and it gives to the radial pillars, where it occurs, the appearance of being “continuous.” The phenomena presented by vertical sections differ, further, according as the section traverses the astrorhizal cylinders through the centre or through the cir- cumference. Tangential sections (Pl. III. fig. 6) show differences in structure according as they traverse the astrorhizal cylinders or the general interstitial laminated tissue. Where such a section cuts a cylinder, we see the central astrorhizal canal with its enveloping concentric lamin. In the tracts between the cylinders we see the cut ends of the radial pillars as oval or circular dots. ‘The character of these shows that the species is referable to Clathrodictyon and not to Actinostroma, no radiating “arms” connecting the radial pillars being recognizable. Obs. In the general construction of its ccenosteum, the flexured concentric lamine, the astrorhizal cylinders, and the surface-prominences, this species has the closest possible resemblance to Actinostroma verrucosum, Goldf., sp. The fact, however, that the radial pillars are not ‘ continuous ” and the absence of radiating “arms” to the pillars prove that the species cannot be referred to the genus Actinostroma at all. It was originally referred by Dr. Murie and myself to the genus Stylodictyon; but this reference can undoubtedly not be sustained ; and the essential characters of its structure clearly point to its being placed properly in the genus Cla- throdictyon. From all the other known species of this genus it is sufficiently separated by the peculiar construction of its skeleton, quite apart from all minute structural characters. Formation and Locality. Rare in the Hamilton formation (Devonian), Arkona, Ontario. imperfectly-known Species of Stromatoporotds. 15 Stromatoporella (?) tuberculata, Nich. (Pl. IIL. figs. 9-11.) Stromatopora tuberculata, Nicholson, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 4, vol. xii. p. 92, pl. iv. figs. 2, 2a@ (1873); ibid. vol. xiii. .p. 8, fig. 1 (1874); Report on the Palzeont. of Ontario, p. 14 (1874). Coenosteum of large size, laminar, the underside covered with a wrinkled epitheca. Upper surface often irregularly undulated, without “ mamelons,” but covered with prominent, close-set, blunt tubercles, the summits of which appear some- times, perhaps from breakage or weathering, to be perforated (Pl. ILI. fig. 9). As regards internal structure, the skeleton is composed of nearly horizontal or gently flexuous concentric lamin, of which from three to four occupy the space of 1 millim. The lamine are not crumpled, but exhibit slight upward and downward foldings, being bent upwards at the points where radial pillars are developed (Pl. III. fig. 11). The radial pillars are placed at distances of from # to 1 millim. apart, and are extremely stout; they are apparently hollow, sometimes with a central axis, and they seem as if formed by successive cone-shaped upward prolongations of the concentric lamine. Vertical sections show the interlaminar spaces to be traversed, in addition to the proper radial pillars, by numerous curved or straight calcareous partitions, which are very deli- cate, and may be spoken of as “ interlaminar septa.” Tangential sections (Pl. ILI. fig. 10) exhibit the very large oval or ring-like cut ends of the radial pillars, which are con- nected with one another by numerous delicate curved lines, these representing the cut edges of the ‘ interlaminar septa.” The skeleton-fibre itself is penetrated by innumerable minute tubuli or is finely porous. Astrorhize, if present at all, seem to be only incompletely deveioped. Obs. This very remarkable species was originally referred by me to the genus Stromatopora, Goldf., which was at that time believed to comprise the forms which I now include in the genus Actinostroma. In its general structure it certainly most nearly resembles Acténostroma, and it has even points of likeness to Labechia. It clearly cannot be referred, how- ever, to either of these genera, and it may be an open question whether it should not be regarded as the type of a new genus. In the meanwhile I have referred it to the genus Stromato- porella, Nich., with which it agrees in the porous or tubulated condition of the skeleton-fibre. It also resembles certain of the species of Stromatoporella (e. g. S. arachnoidea, Nich.) in the great development of “interlaminar septa.” In any case, I know of no other type of the Stromatoporoids with 16 On new or imperfectly-known Species of Stromatoporoids. which it could be confounded when its minute structure is examined. Formation and Locality. Common in the Corniferous Lime- stone (Devonian) of Port Colborne, Ontario. EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. [As the figures of minute structure are based upon photographs, the scale of magnification is not absolutely constant, but varies between ten and twelve times. As a rule, the enlargement may be taken as being about ten times the natural size. Where a different maigaifyins-power has been used, or where the figures are of the natural size, this is speci- ally stated. | PLATE I, Fig. 1. Vertical section of the type-specimen of Clathrodictyon vesiculosum, Nich. & Mur. Clinton formation, Yellowsprings, Ohio. Fig. 2. Tangential section of the same. Fig. 3. Vertical section of an example of C. vestculosum, from the Wen- lock Limestone of Much Wenlock. Fig. 4, Surface of a broken fragment of Clathrodictyon variolare, Rosen, sp., of the natural size. Silurian, Esthonia. Fig. 5. Vertical section of C. variolare, Rosen, from the Silurian rocks of Kattentack, Esthonia. Fig. 6. Tangential section of the preceding specimen. Fig. 7, Vertical section of Clathrodictyon Linnarssoni, Nich., from the Wenlock Limestone of Wisby, Gotland. 13. R.Mimtern del. et hth. Ann.& Mag, Nat. thst. 5.5. Vol. 19. Pu. XV. 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