yw ae baw hd pd ed GPO ed 40 ROSS & Sem ry y ity a 48 4 hana Ph Se tes year ety ty A) fab ery Wire Seren as eee i Nae wert PO Sac ICN NON Oe be MC OR er OS eee een a Wake ce oe tit) Tk bd breeteet net beg he beetle seu te errr ce So Or Werte es oe kek kt Li aes ey ce ere aver tihid bic areey ar nye aw he * aie Wiveeian Wer rin ton wr ary ee ache erusee AO 0 Or iled Obi hed, A 1 a 4 144-4 ath ib 40 See OP Y { nays ye had A Sela tebe ‘ it eed A ae eta e even wir te eo) , ee Or eee) Ee Mewar d aeoiavee® Wwe bates a wee are em Sa acl: @ @ Ce vy oh ’ wae * OO OC Wel PC a area ‘Ne vas Rae ee Ate Pre eee th ‘en san An mat Aken AE AL Pinte p21 © A Are Mp AER Ie Danek & Ala eee Mitytiraeas avon leswegh trast asunagantoin ay h CWE YOY RTO ICTE el Tn Tk Lae Diiehanras be Neva eee- bras yk Fewer ny) See Pee Pate AAR Te) Medel, whit aed hearieteraeet ks KATH ab te tod I dob 48k Cte dene: is Rowe Ste heh deh elk eth eee vied ewer nk ee 2 rt G ay tert ate SAA GW Resa Nema Fete UD Poh taibie le ‘on Ms : PME CIONE TOL bra ante A Pee DAPI RTS ROM AS Tuer It yy POOO OCR f Perey aor or SE Re NRA) nae Baad vet eh Mac Nor ror Miro er ae Cn te Y Pie i ere ie ere UC tea tae Cea cae ea WN gh aE yrds weteh es aeke OPO tethers ate! Titelarbequacet @rapine csbid Doar hoabi ley eae etre gta temeiiyar hy: ot ah ear pr anon tell [robbs LE nk it: pearly b-awvara/ he ms hte Dat thety teed ated (b Ne pet wet 0 «eae vie fev bret new ay Df) ae ” Wang S aeteb hie asaett foavari sd “vel Meas Bp One ay veh kao pens Be Wt idee tee to oar eran 10 Ded Hehe Fete abe Melts error) CCS eNelts ded Be tee be. oy eee Wadegesh deded medi AAloay tee A ene beer a seed Bak hes erent at Seve awrs ewe plat tt bel shia ae Hits Nae " hee ae he 47d yak A WA ED yah ae Ne by ; wie ws if 100] He al A A REO D rt oT Ho teike “ve y \ eb ler epaya babe chy OPE POCA OLA ae OPO RLU TELS ARE saat \ week by a ian Nee Med Ly : Hard BAe Pit oar at V8) PNP Deke be tere oy) HD RNs, i's eb ek mee ‘ Sine Vath nel Pend herby J \ OT el hon at a ee Nr re Nay Tori Sel as ered Lion Ne ay Len ad SEE UPR FLO HST AL W dca slate, tant woke ide dyer nee Pree dee ME, 16 ds Regeh N Ged AOD A eh ) ty 4 Cyan een ltete@ PRICE TE Wa Oe . Tht Sea Os Os DA Rede ane pease b al part aomrayy ayaa i Mtiasararrare nap trervir cry Wy ney tert “Sih wh Ah AE Pat Re meyabe (Ue Let onh yaa pe rds Ne te Det AHL ke Ar doh Ot RAMEN’ ih ba Adan Ptah dette Rewer Aat ar» Crea ors Sele «rit ae 4! TE TT “4 aaa ws hl dbeth sg Ad babes 4 Vy tee i Pah ee pee OA Woes deim ey Gelb belie | POLL ty Spe bak a sia On Fer ee peo * ‘ ‘ ; ’ Yeo yr delta ante a a}as Ooms Brekke Pathe yi’ f 7 cy ' OVNI was a4 db dey ea ey Vali ye eM uth ETE y Ugh Cie AHMET LSE NO ML TU LSC anhuede Mee hae anna aa arb Seay gree eh HE Gotha Arn 4 vi a : Oe é , Pet bbe Dee A It stniysyecire tite POON, 4 Ma de pt bb Arparbceg ta! ts Buiter teria uete wayne Sipe 24 Mitel ae nag ewe cam iiay He Pe ani bedi aete) + pale bats 11) Not ewe arnerdé en ene tol 2D) Tih va Be Ae Re Boas Dak et hy Ws rd Oki Qrmenb bt . iy yi, aren) ; eas siteok eed on eo Be. Usha ene ba Aes yea veneer) Mouton vat ut it Ae eve hd es Geen ltd) sty 2B A by 8s sa PG ares Reber eateey ws PALO Beas a eiioro le aelbenibees 10 \ehoge pet che aa dent afin) oth Barnet > Oo hdetat dene Bite fe hatin wet PLEO Magy) i bnie ase te jot ae te WOOO e be igre Hea vad ee, ds We aah (Er ory tak Waa. mpi y ay # ae fy Hed Bag Hele ye ha pi wa A sharpton Baw v6: Np wie, Ud: ected yeh Silom nape Oya A in Leah ay cde Dealt FUE ea ser a obi har te OO ttl A Dae Sat a thie Nh veda Anthea (9. on aches Alaa Py Gantbs bee 1.08 aos pe bee a Ga TAT Let yray yea Wha woven tty ghey ma wenrer rier Ir Erle Wh x) Lbiae Hash BPN 40h) tha wake WO) Pago is ipa he race sa FL babes thy sruedig tara watt Pee a ae RM bed Ota eae Pel al aed MOTE Pe UO Meret : adden sei ete ly sf aave ery ent eye " PP yor? y rir es Dut @ Lebrbelde Gare payer plirdediae re angi js ait JR Uae adh it ab pre ee Aaa, i wats be aed sat he ait Mai eeade AHO UP UME ad ed A) an " Pires eae Te gee 2:9 we wa? Pit nw hy G Hiaedc at aod i at hk oom irs wes) irrP es i ia yee ECO RT Fe ded dee He Perr en 4 Wer ( rava-ade sermey al giWey apy a a) beagh. ptt “alot 44-0 gil dl Dota de 4 Lebcaudeaot Weel V3 stad Sais cs Wa paeat arn a0) He pede dt hye) Wi vd) g) pcan toe ce hy ea a doe al Pn tite a eee a oy Weer av igs ¥ dou artes (te et ee Jil ip bl sale ong emaphsini ty aiage Rash at eet ar pine ini ett iy bathe hs sea oa ary a be aetelel re art te + inh fad eden Ohlsen yt Ge alae de decd (rhe Ds kas) aah west eas lteter Pinlenee ote dete bel eee te rt ere sce ee errno) ener ony erie ent besides drat wi pes Stebanatiaictdy Watesiew Shetek shone aieny met pope ert | LPrcrirs Apne pow a slatahie ser son fishy Rec hal pes hid eae eee: pret arte Ec Sotip oi aegell Ue yy Pe lvicstaee a ame + agli pe wpealst ties LAs hea ’ a sunet as Site useel eae bee yy A es r ed Ny ude pastor bee seated Osi ee Ssh di ahi byt Bini a8 fe 4 yeaa say ie Perera ROR yet Rey, rite Ares by ahead wy Lad Mag Whe we had? 4 a8F SD sewiarerd! ae A ee Fright e i areas ied Fo babs ie ae Be de Ty PPE sot - pads he PRD Oe eT * UL ah andes Be gb 4 do tte) irier a ee 1 oe Pree seroete des plas Ar) ee ei iF Perot Ad bsp , Mage dileanaecenaseene ee ur eh ponte deawrany yee lye AC OVEN fk WEN Mt Ud “s 3 LN ea ages ey ees sae Mee R LN RN Te $ " co easier eM ey eh AAS 0 ¥¢ Ze eusd abet hari , wird 44 Petey ie wren tf) ae et Wis ¢ 4 we we E peter os saa hav ke ay One sees Re fyi PURGE EY PN NT Pray Pen yy Ve oe x * d Realy, Wotan eu: a Lie ‘is Ms " niet ; Baath Side Sean PnP aad Ve et me! Te nahieutale sam . ie wate q sae Tete a ay thy ake ey fi he aaayes) ry Vdd a te ash Sac vet ab 6 snd Ushiet 4 nae Oe One athaw . wiibe sid ee nire Chon) sty oD Are Tt. vy Pama AST nE NY Mere RC RIE I UNS Mola irigueeas arse klar 6 indy Otinaed albrees the oie Lihat 6 dr ddedi be ear wsar Tlie at tat Aereir gs Sa ae Va fai Toro ar amcwasems demas a eal at a8 Wega bat AA EA Ces, ana uamaisaey ; Wine ee ‘acd diary @.oreed>® nade Parny pt aerate ants veto " ‘3 aah onthe "pai tews ae Saree aon 4h) Fed 48 Gris dateaunpampeta th Ae Ce NG oe balk hw arte tA We ne tue ued ged aro el a8 DAA By Pt apel doused Para BANANA aa Aste ee taeda Corban Whyty CA a rt ke es a! Weta) ss he Aap deeecar lh moye iarabeed ont act rete aah aye + “ae NM 8) the ey Prreirrt Se Tn Ree Mteele facta Pr eee aie ae Bet dy or MW Peat mob adel ke -4 theaters “iets mh eae Ca eaur nee are “ ‘ia Vatdesi Abad: a Bee Fy xy Ah eee wh aie Me Pd ayy } a a . wrerorey Hehe s aca tar as ween nengiai Ol te 444 COLLECTION OF Ke | WILLIAM SCHAUS © PRESENTED TO TH NATIONAL MUSEUM MCMV . Wnt ah Bir 4 wat 8 ‘i ' Mi : ; mot a it ean A AS iy A in ‘ ' 4} Bay) ; + a rail? ” ahve A mh ey THE ANNALS AND MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY. INCLUDING ZOOLOGY, BOTANY, ann GEOLOGY. (BEING A CONTINUATION OF THE ‘ANNALS’ COMBINED WITH LOUDON AND CHARLESWORTH’S * MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY.’ ) CONDUCTED BY WILLIAM CARRUTHERS, Ph.D., F.R.S., F.L.S., F.G.S., ARTHUR E. SHIPLEY, M.A., Sc.D., F.R.S., F.Z.S., AND WILLIAM FRANCIS, F.L.S. VOL. XV.—EIGHTH SERIES: © | Ggsonian inst § G01 'Tee Gta 41508 } ational Mus eu BGw DOWN : PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS SOLD BY SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, HAMILTON, KENT, AND CO., LD.; BAILLIERE, PARIS: AND HODGES, FIGGIS, AND CO., DUBLIN. 1915, “Omnes res create sunt divine sapientiz et potentia testes, divitia felicitatis humane :—ex harwm usu donitas Creatoris; ex pulchritudine sapéentia Domini; ex ceconomiad in conseryatione, proportione, renovatione, potentia majestatis elucet. Earum itaque indagatio ab hominibus sibi relictis semper estiimata ; a veré eruditis et sapientibus semper exculta; male doctis et barbaris semper ininica fuit.”—Linnzus. “Quel que soit le principe de la vie animale, il ne faut qu’ouvrir les yeux pour voir qu’elle est le chef-d’ceuvre de la Toute-puissance, et le but auquel se rappor- tent toutes ses opérations.’—Bruckner, Théorie du Systéme Animal, Leyden, 1767. othe: Vat loam am tse uciieewe ths eine Svilvanl DO WOrs Obey our summons; from their deepest dells The Dryads come, and throw their garlands wild And odorous branches at our feet; the Nymphs That press with nimble step the mountain-thyme And purple heath-flower come not empty-handed, But scatter round ten thousand forms minute Of velvet moss or lichen, torn from rock Or rifted oak or cavern deep: the Naiads too Quit their loved native stream, from whose smooth face They crop the lily, and each sedge and rush That drinks the rippling tide: the frozen poles, Where peril waits the bold adventurer’s tread, The burning sands of Borneo and Cayenne, All, all to us unlock their secret stores And pay their cheerful tribute. J. Taytor, Norwich, 1818, ee CONTENTS OF VOL. XV. EIGHTH SERIES. ] NUMBER 85. Page I. Notes from the Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews.— No. XXXVII. By Prof. Miinrosu, M.D., LL.D. F.RS., &e. {ER i 8 Inner abt Onna ener hr h nn nora 4 it Il. Four new Delias and anew Ornithoptera from the Angi Lakes, Arfak Mountains, North New Guinea, coll. Messrs, Pratt & Sons. By J. J. Jorcny, F.L.S., and A. Noaxus, F.15. (Plates 1V.-VI.). 59 III. Notes on Fossorial Hymenoptera.—XV. By Rowranp E. Pome, BiG, PHB. sete rece geese ee meshes eens eener aes 62 IV. On the British Species of Haliplus, Latreille, related to Halt- plus ruficollis, De Geer, with some Remarks upon H. fulvicollis, Drichson, and H. furcatus, Seidlitz, By Frank BaLrour-Brownk, M.A.(Oxon. et Cantab.), F.R.S.E., F.Z.8., Lecturer in Entomology in the Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge. (Plates MTT UE Bhai aye os tg s,s nto wm) SMD also POLL WE ahs ae Cd 4 gg Ae bs 97 V. A Collection of Fishes from Lagos. By C. Tare Recan, M.A. 124 VL Ants from North and Central Australia, collected by G. F. Hill.—Part I. By W. C. Crawity, BA. ..... cect seer econ 130 VIL. Notes on Emballonura, with Descriptions of new Species. By OLDFIELD THOMAS ...... cess eee cert eee e erent e eee enees VIIL. The Pyenogonida collected by the ‘ Gauss’ in the Antarctic Regions, 1901-3.—Preliminary Report. By T. V. Hopeson .... 141 IX. On the Swamp-Rats (Otomys) of East Africa. By Guy AU, Se R cyte nth awe gino + sare seme areas wale mie se oft X. Two new Species of Lewconve. By Oupris.p THOMAS .... 170 XL. Notes on and Descriptions of Delias. By the Hon. WALTER RorHscHinp, F.R.S., Ph.D. . ices r eect eect e eee eee ee eenes Proceedings of the Geological Society .servsereeee jnvence wen iv CONTENTS. Page NUMBER 8&6. XII. The Early Stages of Paltostoma schineri, Williston [ Diptera, Blepharoceride), By Huex Scort, M.A. (Cantab.), F.L.S., F.E.S., Curator in Entomology in the University of Cambridge. With a Description of the Female of the same Species, by C. G. Lams, M.A., B.Sc., Clare College, Cambridge. (Plates IX.-XI.) ...... 181 XIII. Descriptions of new Freshwater Fishes from Sierra Leone. sy At, ch. OULENGEE, HARD, hoo ches ke pe xa es oa Se rays. 202 XIV. Notes on Carides. By L. A. Borrapare, M.A., Lecturer on Zoology in the University of Cambridge; Fellow, Dean, and avectarer of Selwyn College a’. civ ase ai saw os eae te en 5 bi auntie 205 XV. New Dragonflies (Odonata) of the Subfamily Libelluline from Sierra Leone, W. Africa. By Dr. F. Ris, Rheinau, Switzer- MONG 2 ai0 o's 015.5 bie bo ghee s 49 DEP EE RNC Ea ney een oor 213 XVI. Description of a new Indian Scorpion (Charmus indicus, sp.n. By STantey Hirst ..... Feu hits eerste e Vine ieee eee 224 ' XVII. On Bats of the Genera Nyctalus, Tylonycteris, and Pipi- etrellus. By OLDFORED WGMAS AEs) cain ticp eis ies ins -s dele sake 225 XVIII. Ants from North and South-West Australia (G. F. Hill, Rowland Turner) and Christmas Island, Straits Settlements.— Part IT. - By W.'C. CaAwigw; Maen ee cee tale. ss saw eee 232 XIX. Report on the Annelida Polycheta collected in the North Sea and adjacent parts by the Scotch Fishery Board Vessel ‘Goldseeker.’—Part IV. Goniadide to Spionide. By James W. Prypr, M.A., Walker Trust Research Scholar, Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews, and now 2nd Lieut. in the “ Black Watch.” 239 XX. Note on the Mouth-parts in a Species of Polyplax (Anoplura) and on the Relationship between Anoplura and Mallophaga. By Bruce F, Cummines, British Museum (Natural History) ........ 256 eolotical Society ..\.... sass ds ceed RoR vee k ac ue 260 NUMBER 87. XXI. Descriptions and Records of Bees—LXV. By T. D. A. Wormerk.., University of Colorado»... \. 24 cele ceeseee erence 261 XXII. Notes on the Tabanide of the Australian Region. By GERTRUDE RICARDO ....... 6. sees seaes wha a giciS I cole ies 270 XXII. Notes on Degeneration in the Teeth of Oxen and Sheep. By J. WitFrip Jackson, F.G.S. (Assistant-Keeper, Manchester Museum) ..... Bk oi ess bein TER Tree EET ti ite Teewe 291 CONTENTS. Vv Page XXIV, New Species of Heterocera from Dutch New Guinea. By _ J. J. Jorcry, F.L.S., F.E.S., and G. TauBot, F.E.S. (Plate XII.). 295 XXYV. Upper Silurian Foraminifera of Gothland. By Joun puren, (Plato MEL.) oi osc ca ei: PRARAP ELLY Ltd dad Posh tae es 301 XXVI. The Holetype of Ammothea carolinensis, Leach (Pyeno- ponies Eye We, Ba CARMAN), DISGH” cecs era h ae ce cweee eee Polo XXVII. Brief Descriptions of new Thysanoptera.—V. By PRIOUAi eye GAGNADLED PLS. °E ERS. ccs ces cccudestoesiee cde 315 XXVIII. Notes on the Apide (Hymenoptera) in the Collection of the British Museum, with Descriptions of new Species. By Grorrius, Maa pa WALDO, MO Al Feud. Si Sie ee atest 325 XXIX. A new Shrew of the Genus Blarinella from Upper Burma. Sey Orr iw th THOMAS: Ooi iids cps etles. vin €e ELS CARROT PEE 335 Geological Society ........ Sale ahaa aera re eee a OE ae 307—340 NUMBER 88, XXX. Descriptions and Records of Bees—LXVI. By T. D. A. CocKERELL, University of Colorado ...6...:.ccecssceveees tuk Ose XXXI. On some of the External Characters of Cynogale bennettit, Gray. By R. I. Pocock, F.R.S., Superintendent of the Zoological pocicny o Catacnan (Pinte el Vey Oe eis sie ws vhs aes ueececees 351 XXXII. On the Genera Lglisia, Callostracum, Mesalia, Turri- tellopsis, and Tachyrhynchus. By EpGar A. Smiru, 18.0. ...... 360 XXXIII. A Parasitic Oligochete, and other Inhabitants of the Gill-chambers of Land-crabs. By H. A. Bayuis, B.A. .......... 378 XXXIV. The Penis-bone, or “Baculum,”’ as a Guide to the Classification of certain Squirrels. By OLpFizLD THomas ...... 383 XXXYV. On some Pteropine Bats from Vulcan and Dampier Islands, off the N.E. Coast of New Guinea. By OtprieLtp THomas. 387 XXXVI. On some Australian Malacodermide and Curculionide collected by Mr. G. E, Bryant. By Arruur M. Lma,........... 389 XXXVII. The Geographical Races of Citellus fulvus. By Pere PHOMAS. .. leper adeesccuee ss CAhor Bickic ea ar 421 Proceedings of the Geological Society... ,seesseveeereeecrreres 424 vi CONTENTS. NUMBER 89. Page XXXVIII. Notes on the Coleopterous Family Der erie, and Descriptions of some new Forms in the British Museum. By eB RT SLAB BOW, ecco nic fe ope aieiecois, aeysrerimar Ueki 08 bdr Wa 425 XXXIX. On some Australian Malacodermide and Curculionide collected by Mr. G. E. Bryant. By ArrHur M. LEA............ 452 XL. New Oriental Pentatomoidea. By E. BrrGrora, C.M.Z.S, 481 XLI. Notes on the Genus Nyctophilus. By OtpFieLp THomas . 493 XLII. On a minute Shrew from Lake Baikal. By OLDFIELD MDVETONUAIS chs Fide Pete ic Gal sear tenn ola aids Mitel behing eto eee OS LOE A ae 499 XLII. Notes on Costa Rican Heterocera described in the ‘Annals and Magazine of Natural History.” By W.Scuavs...... 501 XLIV. A few undescribed Rhynchota. By W. L. Distanr.... 503 XLY. On the African Shrews belonging to the Genus Croctdura. By Guy DoLLMAN... 66. s cette e cece ee eee tent e nee e en enes 507 XLVI. On a small Collection of Symphyla from Algeria. By RICHARD S.qAGN ATL, WS. Since ye piss ioie soins sin bisw vine me she 527 NUMBER 90. XLVII. Descriptions and Records of Beesx—LXVII. By T. D. A. CogkERELU, University of Colorado ............--00.- 529 XLVII. Notes on Fossorial Hymenopteraa—X VI. By RowLanp HAP ENEE, Z.S,, Behe) eed anti aoeoeeee area cane vep ier: 557 XLIX. On Three new Bats obtained by Mr. Willoughby Lowe inthe Sudan. By Ouprinip"THomMas® 7.3.0) se. tee ee 559 L. On the African Shrews belonging to the Genus Crocidura.—ll. By Guy Dotiman....... et Sars. ates Rosia, 6 5 RSS v PPE ROR 2 ee 562 LI. Notes on Bats of the Genus Colew'a. By OLDFIELD ALC T0, Yh i ie Spi iscis AA ines pate 5 REA ans PHAN SEL o> 576 LIT. Note on British Fossil Species of Apodemus. By Martin PA MO. GEEENBOM 5 fh ac. saves abe Rist metas, MenmaOeRe ee o a Aae e a 580 LUI. The Holotype of Nymphon gracilipes, Miers (Pycnogonida). yey i MOATMAN, 1).5C..).. > 2. chan eit PO ith as . Ate ! 584 LIV. Brief Descriptions of new me —VI. By RicHarp SSR G NATIT EES. oi ks se ss coe Be ee CRE ne ee ere 588 Proceedings of the Geological Society .........cceeececees 598, 599 600 Index eoveovvreevetreerreocereoeeottoerteeeeeoereeensereecerrveseceesee@ . j Sa PLATES IN VOL. XV. Preann 7. II. THE ie ] V.> New Delias and a new Ornithoptera. Mi VI. VIII. 1X X. XI. XII. New Heterocera from Dutch New Guinea XIII. Gothland Foraminifera, XIV. Cynogale bennettii. Terebellidee, Cheetopteride, etc. Species of Haliplus. Paltostoma schineri. ERRATA. Page 56, after line 1, the description refers to Macrocheta clavicornis. 58, in the description of Plate III., fig. 5 refers to Pregeria, the rest of the tigs. (6-9) refer to Macrocheta clavicornis, 154, line 26, for Eur. read Em. 186, line 22, for Myrmosphyma read Myrmophyma. _ Vol.l5. = = SIGHTH SERIES. dg Sh THE ANNALS MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY, INCLUDING ZOOLOGY, BOTANY, anp GEOLOGY. Ba cape a. CONDUCTED BY WILLIAM CARRUTHERS, Pu.D., F.R.S., F.LS., F.GS., ARTHUR E. SHIPLEY, M.A., Sc.D., F.R.S., F.Z. . AND WILLIAM FRANCIS, F.LS. BEING A CONTINUATION OF THE ‘* ANNALS” COMBINED WITH MESSRS. LOUDON AND CHARLESWORTH’S ‘MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY.” sshsonian lnstis, a WITH EIGHT PLAT titags ee LONDON: “TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED LION OOURT, FLEET STREED. 9. oe Sold by ea er Marshall, Hamilton, Kent, & Co., Ld. ; Bailliére; Paris: and Hodges, Figgis, & Co,, Dublin, * Double Number. Price Five Shillings. WATKINS & DONCASTER, : Raturalists, ORcep in stock every kind of APPARATUS oe _ CABINETS required by ENTOMOLOGISTS, ORNITH- - OLOGISTS, BOTANISTS, &c. 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Published under the authority of the Secretary of State for India in Council. By THEODORE COOKE, C.LE., a > OM.A,, M.A.1., LLD., F.L.8., F.Z.8., &&¢. FORMERLY PRINCIPAL OF THE COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AT POONA AND DIRECTOR OF THE BOTANICAL SURVEY OF WESTERN INDIA. Vol. I., Part I..8s., Part II. 9s., Part TIL. 10s. Vol. II., Parts I. & IT. 9s. each, Parts TL. & IV. 8s. each, Part V. 12s, — TayLor and Francis, Red Lion Court, Fleet Street, E.C. THE ANNALS AND MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY. [EIGHTH SERIES.] wri ivankaweceusiadont per litora spargite muscum, Naiades, et circiim vitreos considite fontes: Pollice virgineo teneros hie carpite flores: Floribus et pictum, dive, replete canistrum,. At vos, o Nymphe Craterides, ite sub undas ; Ite, recurvato variata corallia trunco Vellite muscosis e rupibus, et mihi conchas Ferte, Dex pelagi, et pingui conchylia suceo,” N. Parthenii Giannettasi, Eel, 1, No. 85. JANUARY 1915. I.—Notes from the Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. —No. XXXVII. By Prof. M‘Inroso, M.D., LL.D., F.R.S:, &e. [Plates I-III .] 1. Additions to and Remarks on the British Spionide and Cirratulide, viz. on Spo martinensis, Mesnil, Nerinides longirostris, De Quatre- fages, N. tridentata, Southern, Polydora ceca, Cirsted, Aonides paucibranchiata, Southern, Chetozone alata, Southern, C. killariensis, Southern, and Macrocheta clavicornis, Sars. 2. On the British Terebellide. 3. On the Terebellide dredged by H.M.S. ‘ Porcupine’ in 1869 and 1870, and by the ‘ Knizht Errant’ in 1882. 4, On the Chetopteride, Amphictenide, and Ampharetide dredged in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada, by Dr. Whiteaves in 1871-73. 5. On the Ampharetide and Terebellide dredged by Canon A. M. Norman off Norway. 6. On the Occurrence of one of the Pisionide at St. Andrews. 1, Additions to and Remarks on the British Spionide and Cirratulide. Tue careful researches of Mr. Southern, especially on the West Coast of Ireland, a region so rich in rarities, has resulted in several additions to the above families, as well as to others. Thus Syio martinensis, Mesnil, has been Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xv. I 2 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the procured on both shores of Ireland, a form in which the head has arounded median lobe projecting in front, supported by two lateral (peristomial) lobes. Two or four eyes occur at the posterior border, a short median tentacle on the pro- stomium, and a median ridge ends posteriorly in a short process. The body is like that of a typical Spio, is about 3cm. long and 1-2 mm. broad, with 85 to 90 segments (Mesnil), ending in a dorsal anus with four foliaceous cirri. The colour is of a salmon-tint, with red lines from the blood-vessels, and dark brown pigment in transverse rows on the segments. The first foot bears a ventral tuft of finely tapered bristles with very narrow wings, and a large branchia which overlaps that of the opposite side. At the tenth foot (Pl. I. fig. 6) the ventral lamella is elongated vertically, its upper margin being deepest, and separated by a narrow cleft from the dorsal lamella, which fuses with the edge of the branchia. The bristles are typical. Winged hooks appear on the eleventh foot, and they have a bold curve at the junction of shaft and neck, then diminish upward to the main fang, which is long, sharp, and comes off at more than a right angle with the neck. A single spike occurs on the crown above it. In the thirty-first ‘‘ Notes” in the ‘Annals’* for February 1909, some remarks were made on “a form apparently falling under the Nerinides of Mesnil,” from the ‘ Porcu- pine’ Expedition of 1870, and which had long been named Scolecolepis, H. This form, as Mr. Southern f truly says, is not a Nerinides, and differs from two species of Nerinides which he has been fortunate in securing on the West Coast of Ireland, viz. Nerinides longirostris, De Quatrefages ft, as more clearly described by De St. Joseph §, and Nerinides tridentata, Southern. The former, which reaches 10 cm. in length and 8 mm. in breadth, at first sight mimics Nerine foliosa, Sars, yet differs in having a branchia on the first segment besides a dorsal and a ventral setigerous process with bristles. The head is acutely pointed and has a median ridge or keel, running back to the third segment, with four eyes in a square; whilst the peristomial segment bears a pair of short golden-yellow tentacles, each with a ciliated groove. Hooks with a single spike above the main fang appear in the ventral division between the thirty-third or forty- fifth segment, and are accompanied by a few wingless bristles. * Ser, 8, vol. iil. p. 175. + Proc. R. Irish Acad. vol. xxxi. no. 47, p. 97. I am indebted to Mr. Southern for kindly forwarding examples of his new and rare forms. t Annel. i. p. 444, and previously in 1843 (Mag. Zool.). § Ann. Sc. nat. 7¢ sér. t. xvii. p. 74, pl. iv. figs. 86-90. Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 3 The feebly winged bristles persist in the dorsal division to the posterior end, but no hooks accompany them. In the last twelve or thirteen segments the branchiz diminish and dis- appear. The second species, N. éridentata, is smaller (1 inch), with two pairs of eyes arranged nearly in a transverse line on the spindle-shaped head, and a pair of short, thick, deep chocolate tentacles. The first setigerous segment carries only a ventral tuft of capillary bristles, and thus differs from the foregoing with a branchia on the first foot, as it also does in the presence of winged hooks with two spikes above the main fang on the fifteenth segment ventrally. Branchize commence on the second foot. Mr. Southern observes that this species frequents laminarian roots, whereas N. longi- rostris is found in clean sand. Another form, Po/ydora ceca, Girsted, which some have confounded with Polydora fluva, has been procured from diverse localities on English, Scottish, and Irish shores. In general aspect it resembles P. flava, but is distinguished by the presence of stout acicular bristles in the dorsal division of the foot from the twenty-fifth segment in front of the anal “sucker” backward. The strong bristles of the fifth segment resemble those of P. flava, with a bold hook at the tip and no spur. Mr. Southern records Polydora giardi, Mesnil, a form with a spur below the terminal hook of the great bristles of the fifth segment. The examination of a minute example has not proved the necessity for including it as yet as a separate species. Aonides paucibranchiata, Southern, a small form from the West Coast of Ireland, differs from the common Aonides oxycephala, Sars, in having only ten or eleven pairs of branchize instead of 22-23 pairs. The tail has four cirri, whereas in A. owycephala the caudal region has dorsaily two short conical lobes, and ventrally eight smaller conical cirri. As the result of Mr. Southern’s special attention to the Cirratulidz in the rich region of the West Coast of Ireland, two new species of Chetozune have been found, viz. C. alata and C. killariensis, both very small species; yet both were found mature. The former has a conical head and a pair of deeply-placed eyes. The tentacles are large, and each is accompanied by a lateral cirrus. Capillary bristles occur in all the dorsal tufts, the shorter forms with flattened tips. Hooks appear ventrally in the twenty-first segment, and capillary bristles are always present in the ventral division. The conical head of Chetozone killariensis is devoid of eyes, and the tentacles and their lateral cirri are present in front of the first bristled segment. Anus dorsal, with a ventral 1* 4 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the lobe beneath. In the anterior and middle regions of the body both dorsal and ventral divisions of the foot have only capillary bristles. Hooks appear ventrally on the fifty-sixth segment and dorsally on the sixty-first (Southern). ‘I'he dorsal hooks resemble flattened bristles with hooked tips. 2. On the British Terebellide. In Dr. Johnston’s ‘ Catalogue of Non-Parasitical Worms in the British Museum,’ twelve species of Terebellids are entered, but four of these refer only to two species, viz. Terebella littoralis and Terebella conchilega to the common Lanice conchilega, and T'. nebulosa aud T. tuberculata to T. nebulosa, Mout. On the other hand, it is possible that his Terebella constrictor includes two species. In addition to the forms mentioned, Dr. Jolnston’s list comprised Amphitrite cirrata, Amphitrite gohnstoni, Nicolea venustula, Leprea textrix, N. maculata, Thelepus cincinnatus, aud Terebellides stramt. In his well-known ‘ Annulata Polychzta’ of Spitzbergen, Greenland, Iceland, and Scandinavia, Malmgren in 1867 recorded thirty-one species; but several are synonymous, so that there were really about twenty-eight—not, after all, a great number from an area so extensive, and one that had been so frequently searched by skilful zoologists. The rich and comparatively unexplored region of the west of Ireland, so far as regards Polychzts, has lately produced, by the broad views of the Irish Fisheries’ Department and in Mr. Southern’s skilful and energetic hands, no less than twenty species of Terebellids, or double the number entered in the ‘ Catalogue of the British Museum.’ Several of these are additious to the British Fauna, and will be dealt with on a future occasion. In the present preliminary notice of this important family from British waters, the number approaches that of Malmgren from the more extended northern area, and it is probable that future researches will make additions to the list; indeed, several forms are at present under consideration. The first British species is Amphitrite cirrata, O. F. Miiller, which ranges from Devon to Shetland. The cephalic plate is comparatively adherent, for the dorsal collar is limited, and the edge externally bends over into that of the supra-oral fold, the whole plate being more limited than usual. A sub- oral fold occurs within, and externally is the lower lip on Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 5 the ventral border—the dorso-lateral continuation of the lip bearing the first group of branchiz. The tentacles have the normal structure and a deep groove. The segment following the foregoing has no distinct shield, the anterior edge ventrally forming a free border and ending laterally on each side in a rounded free flap. A second free anterior rim follows, also ending laterally in a rounded flap, opposite the second branchia. Inthe middle line is a large shield, which sometimes indents the segment behind it. Opposite the third branchia and the first bristle-tuft is a third rounded external flap, which passes further dorsalward than the othertwo. It abuts on a narrower shield than the one in front. The body is enlarged anteriorly and gradually tapered posteriorly to the terminal anus. Dorsally it is rounded, ventrally are about ten to twelve shields anteriorly, and then a median groove passes to the posteriorend. Seventeen pairs of vertical flattened setigerous processes occur ante- riorly, the first being in a line “with the last branchial tuft. The bristles are dull golden and in two series—a longer and shorter ; the former are deeply inserted, have shafts nearly of uniform diameter throughout, and have comparatively short tapering tips with wings which are broad at the commeuce- ment, but taper off distally. The condition of the tip, however, is variable, apparently from injury, since many are short with short and broad wings and tips that taper litile, the result, in all probability, ‘of injury and repair. a shorter series has winged and tapering tips, though a few a the edge present short (broken ?) tips with broad wings. iu minute papilla occurs on the ventral side of the setigerous process, from the second to the eighth bristled segment. Moreover, just below the papilla a little flap is developed at the dorsal end of each hook-row, and sloping backward behind it from the first bristled segment (which has no hooks) to the last, where, however, it is less distinct. No hooks occur opposite the first bristle-bundle ; a single row is present on the next foot, and for several feet thereafter, but the eighth has two rows. The hooks have in lateral view about four teeth above the main fang, and the posterior outline curves forward to the crown and has a projecting process of the base inferiorly. The base has a gentle curve, slopes from behind downward and forward, and an eminence occurs on the anterior curve below the main fang. Strize pass from the teeth ou the crown to the posterior border of the neck. The broad ridges for the hooks are large in the bristled region, but thereafter they diminish to short lamella, and then to low ridges toward the tail. The 6 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the posterior hooks have smaller (shorter) bases, and the posterior outline is less curved toward the crown. The second species is Amphitrite figulus, Dalyell*, not uncommon in British waters as well as in more northern seas. Its cephalic region differs from that of A. cirrata in the great development of the fold in front of the tentacles, which forms an arch over the mouth. At its outer edge, on each side, it bends backward to become continuous with the broad dark brownish fold behind the tentacles, which, how- ever, in this form is limited in extent, for the median portion is narrow. ‘This structure of the posterior fold is characteristic. The mass of grooved and frilled tentacles springs from the hollow between these arches, and forms a centre of very active functions during the life of the animal, their colour then being pale orange or pink. The projecting dorsal portion of the arch or lip is dark brown inferiorly. Many cells and granules occur in their interior. Below the dorsal arch is the mouth, and beneath is a globular process followed by the lower lip, whlch is separated by a groove on each side from the folds or arches. Behind the lower lip ventrally is a well-marked collar with a crenated anterior border stretching completely across the ventral surface in the line of the first branchia. It has a rounded free edge dorso-laterally, and a median and two smaller crenations at its posterior border ; and these probably usher in the change seen in the next ring, ‘which has a distinct, though small, median scute or pad. The body is 6-8 inches in length, enlarged in front and tapering toward the posterior end, as usual in the family. The segments number from ninety to a hundred, and of these twenty-four bear bristles—the first being opposite the third or last pair of branchiz. The dorsum anteriorly is, in the preparations, tessellated somewhat as in Scalibregma, each of the two rings in the segments being crossed antero- posteriorly by folds which cut the ring into narrow spaces. On the ventral side of the second branchia is a papilla, the forerunner of the setigerous process which follows in the next segment. Moreover, below each setigerous process is a small papilla, as in A. cirrata, but these continue over sixteen segments instead of the few in A. cirrata. The bristle-tuft is situated at the posterior part of one ring, whilst the followmg ring lies between the bristle-tufts, This arrangement, however, extends only over thirteen or fourteen rings, viz. from the interval between the second and third * A, brunnea of Stimpson ? Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 7 branchiz backward. Then the rings are marked by trans- verse furrows, each being thus divided into two, whilst further backward, as the space between the bristles increases, into a larger number of rings. In some cases the posterior lamelle for the hooks are asymmetrical, an intermediate lamella occurring on one side only. The posterior segments show less regularity in their narrow transverse dorsal furrows. Posteriorly the body diminishes and ends in a terminal anus. Behind the first distinct scute or ventral shield already mentioned in connection with the mouth is a narrow elon- gated one, followed by thirteen others, those immediately succeeding the very narrow one gradually though slightly increasing in antero-posterior diameter to the eleventh or twelfth, whilst the last three or four are rudimentary, being rounded or shield-shaped median elevations, gradually dis- appearing to end in a moniliform and somewhat elevated median ventral ridge, which by-and-by is lost in the groove posteriorly. The branchiz are three ‘in number, of a fine dark red colour, and slightly mottled under a lens. They coil and twist actively under examination. The first is the largest, the third the smallest. Each springs from a cylindrical base, which soon divides dichotomously, though occasionally a small tuft of three short filaments may be found on the main stem of the first branchia. The terminal branches are long and tapering, and in life these give the aspect of gills formed of simple filaments. Each filament is enveloped in a transparent structureless cuticle, whilst the centre is marked by coherent granular tissue arranged in a close series of transverse rows, so as to give the whole a finely barred aspect. No distinct longitudinal fibres are apparent, though in some a longitudinal canal is seen. In the basal region are many large compound bodies, the “ blood- globules ” of Williams. A small conical papilla situated in the groove close to the exterior of the second pair of branchiz marks the com- mencement of the setigerous processes, though it has no bristles, and it is in a line with the second post-oral fold—in the centre of which is the first small shield or scute. The first bristle-tuft is opposite the last branchia, only a short. interval separating it from the base of the organ. It springs from a setigerous papilla at the dorsal edge of the ridge for the hooks. The bristles form a vertical row of considerable depth, and in structure agree with the succeeding tufts, no rudimentary forms marking the commencement of the. 8 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the series, as in various groups. Each tuft consists of a longer series with stout, straight, and long shafts, the free portion of which is slightly diminished in diameter toward the commencement of the winged tip, which is finely tapered and curved. The tips of the bristles are directed upward and backward in their normal condition. The shorter series consists of those with shorter and less tapered winged tips which have an accessory terminal blade carried at an angle to that beneath, and is broad at the base and tapered to a slender, slightly curved tip. Such a bristle approaches that of certain Sigaiionide, such as Sthenelais jeffreysii. The structure of these bristles remains the same from the first tuft to the last, but the setigerous processes increase in prominence iu their progress backward. No hooks or their homologues occur in the ridge running downward from the first bristle-tuft, and the ridge itself is intermediate in character. The ridge from the second pair of bristles presents a Jateral border and a median linear elevation containing the single row of hooks, the ridge terminating ventrally i in a rounded border at some distance from the ventral shield, the ridges which follow gradually approaching the ventral scutes or shields until, at the eighth, they touch. The third ridge has a double row of hooks, but they appear to be less resular than those which follow. As arule, the ridges for the hooks are longest in front, and diminish a little toward the twenty-fourth bristle-bundle. Each leaves the setigerous process as a slightly flattened ridge with an anterior, a median, and a posterior fillet, the median bearing the rows of hooks. On the cessation of the bristles the thick and rather long ridge for the hooks increases in prominence and presents a free edge dorsally and ventrally. It diminishes in depth while increasing in prominence posteriorly. The rows of hooks in life are terminated ventrally by a brownish speck. In the posterior processes the hooks are in a single row. 'The hooks, which commence at the second bristle-tuft and continue to the posterior end, differ from those of A cirrata in the less oblique base, and in the curves of the anterior outline below the great fang. Usually four teeth occur in lateral view on the crown above the fang, but when examined in front the crown appears to have several transverse rows. The next and third form resembles very closely Amphitrite grenlandica, Malmgren, and is found both on the British and Canadian shores. ‘The branchie are slightly branched, and arise by a short stem, which breaks up 1ato a number of Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 9 simple branches. The hooks approach those of A. cirrata, but have different curves, with two teeth above the main fang. Another British species, Amphitrite afinis, Malmgren, the fourth form, bas been found on various parts of the coast, and will be alluded to more particularly under the forms dredged by the ‘ Porcupine.’ Amphitrite gracilis, Grube (Physelia scylla (Sav.), De Quatrefages), the fifth form, is chiefly a southern type which also extends to Ireland. ‘The dorsal cephalic collar forms a small crenated rim posteriorly, and passes downward at each side to join the lower edge of the supra-oral arch. The ten- tacles which take origin from it are numerous and have the typical grooved structure. They are of a pale cream-colour and partly translucent. Its front edge terminates in a prominent spout-shaped arch over the mouth, the sides inferionly sloping obliquely to their attachment. The lower lip is formed by a transverse fold, and within it is a small tongue-like fold or eminence. No eyes are visible in the preparation behind the cephalic collar. The body has a hundred and twenty to a hundred and forty-six segments, and is characterized by its great propor- tional length, aud slenderness posteriorly, as well as by its pale cream-colour here and there enlivened by the bleod- vessels and the brownish-red specks posteriorly. The enlarged anterior end has further a close series of transverse ridges, which have a minutely tessellated appearance from isolated glandular masses arranged transversely. These glands have, besides the granules, clear refracting cells and globules. The separation of the longitudinal dorsal muscular fibres in this region also increases the tessellated aspect. Behind the bristled region the body gradually narrows and ends in a slender tail with a terminal anus surrounded by marginal papille. The dorsal surface is convex, the ventral flattened anteriorly and grooved posteriorly. The glandular shields or plates in front are about twelve in number, with a few (three or four) additional small median processes. Behind the region of the shields is a median groove with a prominent ridge on each side. At first lateral, these ridges gradually pass to the mid-ventral line, forming posteriorly a raised belt with a median fissure, then widen a little toward the tail, where the papille for the hooks occur in the line of each moniliform ridge, and gradually diminish as the tip is reached. Whilst the segments in front have 10 Prof M‘Intosh’s Notes from the several narrow rings dorsally—giving a finely ribbed aspect to the surface,—the narrow posterior region has only the segment-junction separating each smooth segment. Behind the lower lip is apparently a segment with a narrow ventral shield. The next bears the first and larger pair of branchiz, each springing from a short stalk which rapidly gives off four main divisions; these split up after a brief course into a sub-dichotomously divided tuft with comparatively short terminal branches—the whole forming adense arbuscle. The second and smaller pair is on the next segment and has a similar structure. Occasionally a specimen has three branchiz on one side and two on the other, the third being a small independent stem behind the second. Ventralward of the second branchial stalk is a small conical papilla which represents the first setigerous process, though it has no bristles. The next setigerous process has a well-developed tuft of bristles, which are pale, translucent, rather brittle, and in two groups; the longer forms have long, straight, deeply imserted shafts, which are nearly cylindrical to the commencement of the wings, from which they taper to a delicate point. The wings have a charac- teristic expansion at the base, and are narrow distally and show no serrations. The shorter bristles have peculiarly curved, tapering, serrated tips without distinct rings. Whilst the two setigerous processes behind the branchize remain isolated and simple, the third presents two processes, viz. the setigerous and an antero-ventral papilla, and this continues in the six subsequent feet. The following (from the tenth) setigerous processes, which are somewhat conical, though antero-posteriorly flattened, remain simple, and the first (tenth) of this (posterior) series has a small papilla below it at the end of the hook-row. There are twenty pairs of bristle-tufts. The first hooks occur opposite the third setigerous process, that is, the second behind the branchie, and they occupy the summit of the elevated ridge which extends from the bristle-tuft downward to the ventral groove, and cover in short the external aspect of the ventral longitudinal muscles. They are in a single row in the first six segments, but the rest are in a double row, and this continues to the commencement of the last thirty. After the cessation of the bristles the uncinigerous processes form transverse crescents in each segment, gradually, however, becoming smaller until on the slender terminal region in front of the tail they form a series of papillz, so that the ventral ridge Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. Tt on each side is moniliform. The first hooks are distinguished by the great size of the main fang, which has a crown of small hooks above it—about three being usually visible in lateral view, and by the comparatively small size and oblique nature cf the base, which has above its dorsal angle an abrupt incurvation, whilst on its anterior edge it has a sharp point, for the attachment of a tendon, and a gentle incur- vation beneath it. The modified form of these early hooks is indicated by the imperfect condition ef those at the end of the row. SBy-and-by they form a double row and assume the typical condition in which the great fang is pro- portionally less, the base less elongated, its lower edge more convex, and the curve below the point on the anterior edge less pronounced. About four small hooks are visible above the great fang in lateral view. Polymnia nesidensis, Delle Chiaje, the sixth representative, is a smaller species than Terebella nebulosa and of a firmer consistence, which is found on both shores of Great Britain and Ireland. The cephalic region has a less developed dorsal collar than in 7. nebulosa, and it is not usually folded backward as in the species mentioned, and, moreover, no eyes are present in many of the preparations. The upper lip in front of this forms a large frilled process, and the lower lip is also prominent. A median tongue-like process lies above and internal to the latter. In extreme protrusion of the mouth-parts some have the lower lip folded backward ventrally with a smaller and larger fold above it, whilst in others the lower lip projects downward and outward as a cyathiform process marked by a fold at each side. The body is comparatively small as compared with T. nebulosa, is convex and smooth dorsally, deeply grooved ventrally from the ventral shields almost to the tip of the tail, which in perfect examples has two longer median and two lateral cirri on the ventral surface, the rest of the vent being crenated or with short papille. The groove abuts on two rounded lateral ridges, probably marking the ventral longitudinal muscles, and bearing the elevations or lamell for the hooks. The segments are two-ringed. Two segments following that bearing the lower lip have a lamella at their outer edges ventrally, and are opposite the first and second branchie. The anterior, indeed, often stands out as a frill on the front edge of the shield. In all, about sixteen shields are present ventrally, and they bear traces of the two-ringed condition of the segments generally. They are narrow and trausversely elongated in front, broad and _ transversely shortened posteriorly. 12 Prot. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the The branchiz are three in number, the anterior being the largest, the second and third regularly diminishing. In proportion to the size of the body they are somewhat larger than in 7. nebulosa and they have a stiffer outline. They are dichotomously branched, and have very short terminal divisions —a distinctive feature when contrasted with T. nebulosa. The sectigerous processes are seventeen in number, the first occurring close to the base of the last branchiz. The bristles are long, translucent, slightly yellowish, and_ finely tapered, and, as “usual, in two series , a shorter and longer. In the latter the wings are narrow a and indistinet, in ‘the former they are broader and easily recognized, but they do not proceed to the finely tapered extremity of the bristle. A curvature of the tip occurs at the winged region. Little difference exists between the first bristles and the last, except in the fewer number as contrasted with the middle groups. The rows of hooks commence on the second bristled segment, and they are comparatively short to the seventh bristle-bundle, the last ten of the region being longer. Moreover, whilst they form a single row in front, they are arranged in a double row posteriorly (eleven to twenty segments, Marenzeller\, the great fang in each pointing to a median line between the rows. Behind the bristles the hooks are borne on an uncinigerous process or lamella, and form shorter rows than in front. These lamelle have a concave distal margin anteriorly, but posteriorly the tip is bifid, and the processes diminish much toward the tip of the tail. The hooks somewhat resemble those of Polymnia nebulosa in general form, hut are readily distinguished by the presence of a second tooth above the great fang and the somewhat shorter base. In Polymnia nebulosa, Montagu, the seventh species, which is found on both sides of Scotland, England, aud Ireland, the cephalic region is distinguished by the great size of the upper collar or arch, and by its frilled inward curve at each lower edge. Its upper surface is somewhat flattened, that is to say, only a shallow groove is present, the mass of tentacles springing from the posterior half near the rim. These tentacles are pale orange in life and spotted with white, so as to give them a barred appearance, and their movements are remarkable, for not only do they aid in the construction of the tube, but hoist the animals up the per- pendicular side of a glass yessel or in any direction, and are Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 13 continually moving as a series of complex threads. All are deeply grooved. When the annelid is hidden amongst shells and tufts of Cer amium, the long spreading tentacles resemble independent Nemerteans, aud in large examples stretch nearly afoot from the body. Below the mouth is a transversely elongated fold, and then the broad lower lip which ceases at the dorsal fold on each side. Behind the dorsal collar are a large number of dark pigment-spots, the so-called eyes. T hese are generally con- cealed by the posterior fold of the collar. Ina small yarlety met with under stones between tide-marks at St. Peter Port, Guernsey, they are both numerous and distinct, and, moreover, remain in spirit. They form, in a large Irish example, a conspicuous brown band below the collar. Body 9-10 inches or more in length and as thick as the little finger bebind the bristles, soft and mobile, with numerous (60-90) narrow segmeuts, the anterior region being enlarged and the posterior tapered to a comparatively large terminal anus with a crenate margin. Though the dorsum, as a rule, is convex, the preparations are generally marked by a slight median groove anteriorly. Ventrally, a deep median groove runs from one end to the other. In large examples the swolleu anterior end is tessellated, whilst in the smaller this is less evident. Hach segment consists of two rings, one at the bristle- tuft and one in front of it dorsally, and these are continued ventrally, the groove in the ridge for the hooks being opposite the brisile-tuft, and only a narrow space oceurring between tlem (the ridges). Posteriorly, the segments are more definitely marked, the broader division containing the lamella for the hooks, a narrow ring being in front of it. Then the two rings are only indicated laterally above the lamellee for the hooks , and finally, for some distance at the tail, each segment is undivided, and, moreover, the segmeuts become more and more minute as they approach the last, which is broader than those in front of it and las a minutely crenate margin. The ventral surface in this region is con- siderably diminished, whilst the dorsal arch is increased. The ventral glandular shields are narrow and long in front, broader and shorter from side to side from the fifth back- ward, and they often present a median precess laterally in front of the point of contact of the hook-row. They are usually fourteen or fifteen in number, the anterior narrow shields being ridged (two-ringed), the posterior flattened. Occasionally an abnormality occurs in the arrangement of the two rings anteriorly, the broad posterior ring ceasing like a fold in the middle line, 14 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the The branchie are three in number on each side, and have a dull red colour spotted with white. The first pair are about 1 in. long in large specimens, and arise from the second body-segment, which has a spout-like fold at each side. The main stem is often unbranched for some distance, whilst in others (large) a small branch or two occur close to the base. The whole organ is sub-dichotomously divided, the short terminal divisious giving a character to the mass, which appears to form a deuse arbuscle. In many of the divisions the branches spring from one side only, but this does not appear to hold in the distal divisions. The ring at the base of the first branchia trends evenly away from it to the frill near the external margin of the mouth. A small papilla sometimes occurs close to the base of the second branchia, it may be only on one side; whilst ventralward the anterior fillet of the segment has a free process like a flat papilla. Close to the outer base of the third branchia is the first setigerous papilla, and a short distance ventraiward is a similar free flattened process to that described on the previous segment. In young examples the branchiz are comparatively simple, though the terminal divisions correspond in general struc- ture with that of the adult, and in a small littoral variety from St. Peter Port, Guernsey, the branchie are likewise less bushy, though the terminal branches are typical. The setigerous processes are seventeen in number, com- mencing, as indicated, at the third branchia and continuing for sixteen segments thereafter. Hach is a somewhat flattened papilla with the bristles arranged in a vertical row in the centre. The first tufts of bristles are smaller, the bristles themselves shorter, but they show two groups, as in the posterior, viz.,a shorter series without evident wings, and a longer series also without evident wings, and with slightly curved and tapered tips. In the middle of the bristled region the longer pale golden bristles have stcut striated shatts of nearly equal diameter, and tapering tips with wings. Many of these seem to have been broken in life, and show regenerated (?) tips. The striz at the com- mencement of the wings are oblique. The shorter bristles are more translucent, aud have either no wings on the free portion or very narrow ones. The hooks commence on the segment behind that de- scribed as having the triangular fold in a line with the last branchia—that is, they occur in the segment behind the branchie. At first they are in a single row, but posteriorly in this region they form an alternate double row along the Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 15 centre of the ridges, which pass in front from the bases of the setigerous papille to the edge of the ventral scutes, and behind these almost to the mid-ventral line. With the cessation of the bristles a change ensues, for the hooks are now borne on a prominent lamella—slightly crescentic or scoop-shaped,—and placed laterally at the posterior edge of each segment, which still consists of two rings. These lamelle diminish in size posteriorly, becoming minute to- ward the tip of the tail, and on them the hooks form a close series in a single row. ‘The hooks are distinguished by their elongated basal region, which has a median con- vexity, then curves upward at the anterior edge, which has a small process for the ligament. A process occurs on the anterior margin about its middle, a double curve meeting at this pot. The large fang is well developed, and has ouly a single tooth above it in a lateral view. The posterior margin has a deep incurvation. The hooks vary chiefly in the shape of the basal region. The next and eighth form, Lanice conchilega, Pallas, is everywhere distributed on the sandy shores of Britain. The cephalic region is distinguished by its comparatively small dorsal collar, the rim, however, expanding at each side into a great lateral flap which in some almost meets its fellow of the opposite side in the mid-ventral line behind the lower lip, its outline in this region forming a V. In others, the union of the lateral regious is more complete ventrally, some fusing so as to form a continuous band with only a slight concavity in front, thus probably indicating the normal condition as a complete ventral web, the median gap being due to accidents. A marked characteristic is the disposition of the anterior margin of the tentacular surface, for it is contracted into a frilled spout-like border sur- rounding the mouth—except in violent protrusion. Within the aperture are two folds, an outer smailer and an inner larger tongue-like fold. Cunningham and Ramage consider the large lower lip and the absence of eyes characteristic of Lanice as contrasted with Teredella. The tentacles have the usual grooved structure, and form a dense mass of mobile organs. In the centre of the living tentacle under pressure a pale band of muscular fibres pro- ceeds from the base to the tip. The other parts of the wall appear to consist of an inextricable series of muscular fibres —longitudinal, transverse or circular, and oblique. In the intericr of the tentacles are numerous cells, but whether free or adherent is not evident, though they do not separate 16 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the on laceration of the wall. They are slightly yellowish, and to some extent refract the light. In its native habitat the tentacles are partially protected in extrusion by entering the hollow processes of the fringe of the tube. The three branchiz form conspicuous and finely-branched tufts on each side, the first pair beimg the largest. All are sub-dichotomously branched, and the terminal divisions are fine, so as to give the arbuscles a characteristic appearance. Moreover, they also have a whorled aspect towards the tip. The ultimate divisions are translucent, and have obscure longitudinal striz, with cells and granules in the wall. The first pair is situated on the narrow segment immediately behind the collar, and a trace of which is seen in front of the glandular ventral shield. The long body is moderately dilated anteriorly, and gently tapered to the tail, at the tip of which is the terminal anus surrounded by a series of marginal papille. The segments are numerous, viz., from two hundred to two hundred and eighty. The dorsum is rounded, the ventral surface grooved throughout—often with a central ridge,—except the anterior shields, which extend from the lower lip almost to the ter- mination of the bristles. This glandular surface is divided into segments—generally two in each body-segmeut—by transverse furrows. Posteriorly it becomes narrow and ends in the median groove about the last bristle-bundle. Besides, a glandular belt occurs at each side in the line of the bristle- bundles, after the manner of the correspouding belt in the Maldanide, and it is continued backward considerably behind the bristles. The first segment is very narrow, and is enveloped laterally by the free collar of the next segment. It bears the first pair of branchiz, and forms a narrow rim in front of the glandular ventral shields. The next has a greatly developed anterior lamella or collar, which stretches from the edge of the ventral shield almost to the second branchia—thus forming the second process of this kind on each side. The following segment has the third branchia and the first bristle-tuft, but bears no hooks: The bristles are bound firmly together in flattened fascicles and slope outward or obliquely upward and outward, and have a pale golden hue. The bristles have a pale base, a shaft with fine strie in- ternally, and a tapering tip with a double wing, the latter being obliquely striated. The first tuft is smaller and the - translucent tips less definitely formed than those which follow, but the structure is essentially the same. The second series of bristles in each tuft is considerably longer than in Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrcws. bi the previous forms (e. g., 7. nesidensis), the tips almost reaching the commencement of the wings of the distal serics. Dr. Williams states that the number of bristle-bundles on each side is sixteen, but he had probably omitted the first. In transverse section the central region of the bristle presents the aspect of severed fibres. From each setigerous process an elongated and somewhat elliptical eminence, having a double row of golden hooks along the centre, passes ventrally. Each has a stout base which narrows upward to the curved neck, above which are the great fang and two teeth on the crown—in a diminishing series in lateral view. Curved striz extend downward from the small teeth on the crown. The basal part of the hook is marked by radiating striz. Inthe anterior hooks the third tooth on the crown is less distinct than in the posterior. In front view two teeth occur in the middle of the crown. The double rows are so arranged that the hooks lie back to back with the fangs pointing outward. The one set may, by fixing, arrest the egress of the animal, and the other may, in the same way, stop ingress. In some of these rows, sixty-six hooks occur on one side and sixty-seven on the other, and in a second sixty-two and sixty-four respectively, so that tle combined effect must be considerable. ‘The rows are some- what longer in front, and the first (opposite the second bristle-tuft) has only a single series of hooks. The anterior rows also have the glandular wedge which dorsally envelops the bristle-tuft, and has its apex about the middle of each interspace. By-and-by, however, this glandular tissue diminishes into a narrow longitudinal belt between the last six bristle-tufts, the shortened eminence for the hooks touching the base of the bristles. With the cessation of the bristles, the rows of hooks are confined to the lateral uncinigerous lamella, which continue to the posterior end, gradually diminishing in size as the slender tail is reached. The lateral glandular belt is also continued from the bristled region backward between the hook-lamelle, but stops short of the tail. On these uncinigerous processes the hooks form a single row along the anterior edge, and at one end of the row a series of imperfect hooks make a curve, those least developed having only a striated main fang, whilst those touching the complete series show a crown above the fang, the base of the hook being absent. The minute processes on the tail have few hooks. The ninth representative, Loimia gigantea, Montagu Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xv. 2 18 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the (meduse, Savigny), is a southern one from the shores of Devon and neighbouring areas. The cephalic lobe presents a small and inconspicuous dorsal collar, which at each side bends down to disappear in the general plate, and without joining the supra-oral arch, which is fan-shaped and projects little. The space between the latter and the cephalic collar is occupied by the grooved tentacles. From the outer border of the cephalic region a large lamella arises and passes with a slight median excavation entirely across to the other side—forming thus a great post-oral platform. 5; m* and m? combined 2 3. Hab. Choiseul, Solomon Is. Type. Adult skin. B.M. no. 5.1.28.2. Collected by A. Meek. é This species is readily distinguished from E. raffrayana and stresemannt, the only forms with the same broad oblong tragus, by its peculiarly shaped basial pit; from the former also by its narrow ears and from the latter by the distinct lateral septal ridges in the basial pit. Emballonura monticola, Temm. In £. monticola the basial pit is large, rounded, but rather shallow, without deep or sharply defined limits. It has normally distinct median and lateral septal ridges, dividing it into four portions, but the lateral ones tend to be reduced or obsolete in the eastern race (discolor), # Brain-case distorted. 140 Mr. O. Thomas on Emballonura. From §. Tenasserim to the Kei Islands I do not see any diversity which I should consider of specific value, but three races, characterized by size, appear recognizable as subspecies :— Firstly, the typical monticola (type-locality, Java), ranging from the Malay Peninsula to Borneo, the smallest of the three, with an upper skull-length (occiput to nasal notch) about 12°8-13 mm., and the maxillary tooth-row about 5°0-5'4 mm. Both Miller’s L£. peninsularis and Lyon’s E. pusilla seem to fall within the range of variation shown by the specimens before me. LE. anambensis from the Anambas Is.* J do not know, but an Embéallonura from Natuna quite agrees with Javan monticola. Secondly, a very large form found in Borneo only, with upper skull-length about 14°5 mm. and maxillary tooth-row 6mm. This is the form taken as representing monticola by Lyon when describing pusilia, but it far exceeds Javan examples of that species. Detailed measurements of it are given below. Finally, an eastern race may be distinguished, H. m. dis- color, Peters, ranging from Luzon, presumably through Celebes, to Amboina, Ceram, and the Kei Islands. It is intermediate in size between the other two, and has the lateral septa of the basial pit rather frequently absent. Emballonura monticola rivalis, subsp. n. Like true monticola throughout, but size larger. Bases of body-hairs whitish, as usual. Dimensions of the type (measured on the spirit-speci- men) :— Forearm 48 mm. Head and body 44; tail 14; third finger, metacarpus 43, first phalanx 14; lower leg and hind foot (c. u.) 26°5 ; calcar 15. Skull: occiput to anterior base of canine 15:3; occiput to nasal notch 14°5 ; condyle to front of canine 13°8 ; zygo- matic breadth 9°5 ; facial breadth 6; mastoid breadth 7°7 ; front of canine to back of m? 6; combined length of m’ and m? 2°5. Hab. Borneo. Type from Bida, Sarawak. Type. Adult male in spirit. B.M. no. 8.11.2.2. Col- lected and presented by Cecil J. Brooks, Esq. Three speci- mens, and others collected in Sarawak and N. Borneo by A. Everett. * Said to be distinguished by the absence of the usual white bases to the hairs. Size about as in Z£, m. discolor, SS a ee TT On the Pycnogonida collected by the ‘Gauss.’ 141 VIII.—The Pycnogonida collected by the ‘ Gauss’ in the Antarctic Regions, 1901-3.—Preliminary Report. By T. V. Hopason. I REGRET that I have been so long in working out the collection of the Pyenogonidia made by the German Antarctic Expedition (‘Gauss’) in 1901-3. I hope that the final drawings and memoranda will be completed in the course of a few weeks at the outside, but, in order to secure the priority of description in certain species, I desire to publish the following preliminary report. The collection is a fairly rich one, and while it shows certain strong relations to those of other expeditions, it is, on the other hand, quite distinctive, It contains three new genera and twenty new species from the Antarctic and two more from tropical and temperate seas, as follows :— Colossendeis glacialis. Colossendeis glacialis, Hodgson, Pycnogonida, ‘ Discovery,’ 1907. A single specimen of this species was taken in the ‘ Gauss ” winter-quarters. NOTOENDEIS. This new genus is established to mark the difference be- tween the large and well-known Colossendets and closely allied species. Body perfectly segmented, with short and distinctly sepa- rated lateral processes and with well-developed eyes. Proboscis very large. Palps nine-jointed. Oviger ten-jointed, with a terminal claw. Notoendeis germanica. The proboscis is as long as the body, and the terminal joints of the palps are as 8—5°5—4°5. The body is robust and smooth. Winter-quarters, 400 m. Pipetta australis. The genus was established by Dr. Loman for a tropical species, and now includes an antarctic species taken near the ‘Gauss’ winter-quarters in 2450 m. 142 Mr. T. V. Hodgson on the The specific characters of this antarctic species are :— O ular tubercle long, conical, and without eyes. Tarsus very short, not one-fifth the length of the propodus. Pentanymphon antarcticum. Pentanymphon antarcticum, Hodgson, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) vol, xiv. (1904). This species has been recorded by every antarctic expe- dition, and has a circumpolar distribution. Nymphon unguiculatum. Body slender, with rather long but widely separated lateral processes. Quite smooth. Ocular tubercle short and stout, rounded above the eyes. The joints of the palps vary but little, 4—5—4:5—5. The legs are clothed sparingly with short spinous sete. The terminal claw is long and there are no auxiliaries. 17, ay.002. 68D mi: Nymphon tenuimanum. Body not so much as slender, the lateral processes are widely separated. The ocular tubercle is reduced to a trace, and there are no eyes. ‘The legs are provided with extra- ordinarily long sete on the first tibiee, and to a less extent on the second and the femora. No auxiliary claws. 30. 111. 08. 330 m. Nymphon exiguum. Body comparatively stout, with widely separated lateral processes. Ocular tubercle placed well forwards and small ; eyes well developed in some specimens. The joints of the palps are as 3—5—1:3—4. Propodus twice as long as tarsus. No auxiliary claws. A small species. Various dates, in 885 m. Nymphon fuscum. Nymphon fuscum, Hoek, ‘Challenger.’ Several specimens occur in the collection from Kerguelen Island. This and its allies, NV’. antareticum of Miers and LV. meridio- nalis of Hoek, are very perplexing species. In N. fuscum Pycnogonida collected by the ‘Gauss.’ 143 the range of variation is great, the ocular tubercle differs in most of the specimens, the length of the tarsus and propod is is variable even in the same individual, but the differenc:s are not very great and the relations between the two joints are approximately preserved. ‘The setose cliaracter of the limbs is accentuated in some specimens. On the whole, NN. antarcticum, Miers, only differs in that the tarsus is distinctly longer than the propodus. In XN. meridionale I find it even more difficult to decide. CH2&TONYMPHON. Cheetonymphon villosum. Chetonymphon villosum, Hodgson, ‘ Discovery.’ This is a stoutly built species, with the lateral processes close together and long coarse sete distributed over the body and especially on the tibia. ‘The three terminal joints of the palps 6—2—3. Specialized spines on the ovigers are few in number and have 5-7 teeth. ‘he auxiliary claws are small but distinct, the propodus is longer than the tarsus. ab. xir..0272 359 mm One specimen. Chetonymphon polare. Another stoutly built species, with lateral processes dis- tinctly separated and fringed with spines. Several spinous sete fringing each segment. Palps, three terminal joints as 6—2°75—3°5. Oviger: specialized spines few, each with 5 or 6 lateral teeth. Legs armed with spines arising from dermal papille. Propodus shorter than tarsus, auxiliary claws small. 7-8. 1. O35, S50 mk Chetonymphon longisetosum. Body with narrowly separated lateral processes, imperfect segmentation, and long setee. Palp, three terminal joints 5—1'8—2°75. Very long sete on the principal joints of the leg, a very definite specific character. Propodus longer than tarsus, auxiliary claws small. 14-16. vi. 1902. 385 m. 144 Mr. T. V. Hodgson on the Chetonymphon typhlops. Body stout and entirely clothed with fine, as well as coarse sete; the latter are arranged in a linear manner on the limbs, for the most part on raised papille. There are no eyes, but the ocular tubercle exists as a short cone. Tiis species belongs to the group in which the tarsus is longer than the propodus. Auxiliary claws are absent. A. few specimens were taken on 1. ili. 03 in 1207 m. AUSTROPALLENE. A genus established to include those forms which Mébius, Prof. Bouvier, and the present writer have included in different genera—Pseudopallene, Cordylochele. The presence of cephalic spurs is a most noticeable feature and is confined to all these southern species. Body robust or slender, segmentation distinct, lateral pro- cesses close together or widely separated. Large and stout cephalic spurs. Eyes well developed. Proboscis tapering, with or without asetose wreath. Cheliferi stout, che!ze short and powerful. Palps no trace. Ovigers 10-jointed, without a terminal claw. In the male a distal swelling on the fitth joint. No auxiliary claws. Austropallene cornigera. Preudopallene corngera, Mobius, Pycnogonida of the ‘ Valdivia’ Expedition. This species I consider to be identical with my Pseudo- pallene australe. The ‘Gauss’ found several specimens in their winter- quarters. Austropallene cristata. Pseudopallene cristata, Bouvier, ‘ Pourquoi Pas.’ This species is readily distinguished from all others, even at a very early age, by the extraordinary development of papillze on the legs, each bearing a spinous seta. Several specimens at winter-quarters. Austropallene spicata. A readily distinguishable species, comparatively slender, with widely separated lateral processes’ bearing spurs distally, Pycnogonida collected by the ‘Gauss.’ 145 and having a similar pair, but much larger ones, on the first cox ; the second coxe are extremely long.