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Ww He ee wh a) Ne Ae Ne Ne Mult As au eotieti PME ee 4 A) Tt AEN 1rshic naerarwy te Nyse Ra CANN 4 $M PAH Het J « ow dahl 4y anys Vi et pe Haw & be PN) Oe Cay! Hig aw yt } 4H gia i) ‘\) ¥ we Me i Manat hye ae a 9h ih Hd pat ry Vaet OU TL pee Wray Sanh Wie Ai tha ke yeh he yeh (\1 AY AS a Bet ihe Deve ae Waa Veleb iy kde te sei CCT, A veieiny re SRA ih a) Sok ae ‘eas My he, irae eA hb A ’ WANG hi Hei wal ACERT nr DE Y Nasik NCR it TER) Wand a ey) Natinatins Nara . ahi Pty He vi ) PU ad SLL oh Nod Wahi ey 4) 4 Maint iy Una hae See iui tA tu hie 0h Oe ek to Vdedee pili t Neigh a 94) wide fal bee ¥ WAN ec 1291 RW tt PESTER A: ! (ory (7 Ath aid SO on A N¢ ¥ t EOD he Ae he At vin 4 | for Ny yy 4 aye On 4 yt) an Demers Ye) ins e's BAA hy 4 ay PATHE: Sy eset Lannea aed) wt, s) Me AD iy Spitting du Hy ¢ we Mra Ay aa hth We wy ’ Oe PRnC MC eh) iS Natt hed Oclie ls se att 4 a) n \ WW PO Ua ane iP te! sant ea se fy bates as, Ha halts RA 4) ‘ eH ee Hoe ne My aus eS aa ai i! iy way 4. Eh cs che Whey ti eos eh Won feu Ma sal « Rr idtety A ‘e aw at Ay, Ba, ht, Sih he its he cen eta tA ” vic Cy vin iu A i Pe ALE Sateen ainsi t) casi wnoeins ore wae + i we ay ee ae pithy an Ane mi Sealed if Ye ‘ en hak Myyioik peltia F Matha tit tn AD FH fl ee } AD) (aah ny te PAP, Daeeowed he i Cr fy ue ” weit Creo a La A ‘gabe aedy * 4b hed reas bias VES Dan At Wiviey, AaB ove f be Wail wi akg Arto ite ridaae co , Wiser hee Ws Hp tO 1 We saint to a ay Ka) ith Stoo teat i uh ce ae ce ete a ; ‘ Hy wr ta ‘a ut ah watt oS eer ie a a eat seni ity My elert i a oy ty Nat: kg Mreatan Wyuieen aye yeah ih ht ae Hts a i" Sehr aay ert en tan ith sf AN ) hs ae yA baw fa ») tl } ity aie y Dau) \ oe Baad 3a atep a) yy NDAs WY Ni Ae ne teat bea ei By: rw 8). sieceyp 8 io is await at wha + oe iy All} Li TEN iT PLAD i} ian oni ake ¥ 4 pane i; y ue) pai Ait | wes Morne Agiityt Carn bah " he aie abe eats ane ald % ot oe be ee wh vey by aa iss uy aed psetats 1 baie COLLECTION OE. WILLIAM SCHAUS © PRESENTER TO THE NATIONAL MUSEUM MCMV A he a tal on ae . BY as ah; thant THE ANNALS AND MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY, INCLUDING ZOOLOGY, BOTANY, ann GEOLOGY. BEING A CONTINUATION OF THE ‘ANNALS’ COMBINED WITIT LOUDON AND CHARLESWORTH’S ‘ MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY. cd) CONDUCTED BY ALBERT C. L. G. GUNTHER, M.A, M.D., Ph.D. F.R.S., WILLIAM CARRUTHERS, Ph.D., F.RS., F.LS., F.G.S., AND WILLIAM FRANCIS, F.L.S, eneae | VOL. VII.—EIGHTH SERIESS°?) ay S Colles PDI II SN A2Z3O04O LONDON: PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, SOLD BY SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, HAMILTON, KENT, AND Co., LD, ; BAILLIERE, PARIS; HODGES, FIGGIS, AND CO. DUBLIN ; AND ASHER, BERLIN, bony, “Omnes res creatie sunt divine sapientix et potenti testes, divitie felicitatis human :—ex harum usu donifas Creatoris; ex pulchritudine sapientia Domini ; ex ceconomid in conseryatione, proportione, renovatione, potentia majestatis elucet. Earum itaque indagatio ab hominibus sibi relictis semper sestimata ; 4 veré eruditis et sapientibus semper exculta; malé doctis et barbaris semper inimica fuit.”—Linnaus. “Quel que soit le principe de la vie animale, il me faut qu’ouvrir les yeux pour voir quelle est le chef-d’ceuvre de la Toute-puissance, et le but auquel se rappor- tent toutes ses opérations.”—Bruckner, Théorie du Systeme Animal, Leyden, 1767. eee ee ee ee es» Lhesylvan powers Obey our summons; from their deepest dells The Dryads come, and throw their garlands wild And odorous branches at our feet; the Nymphs That press with nimble step the mountain-thyme And purple heath-flower come not empty-handed, But seatter round ten thousand forms minute Of velvet moss or lichen, torn from rock Or rifted oak or cavern deep: the Naiads too Quit their loved native stream, from whose smooth faes They crop the lily, and each sedge and rush That drinks the rippling tide: the frozen poles, Where peril waits the bold adyenturer’s tread, The burning sands of Borneo and Cayenne, All, all to us unlock their secret stores And pay their cheerful tribute. J. Taytor, Norwich, 188, ALERE: @ FLAMMAM. Nag eee CONTENTS OF VOL. VII. (KIGHTH SERIES. } NUMBER 37. Page I. The Anatomy and Classification of the Teleostean Fishes of the Orders Berycomorphi and Xenoberyces. By C. Tarr Reean, M.A. Mielerricale rae raraictrens ts, AIS ernie! AG hielo a Wine ca ake own oes aren © il Il. The Collections of William John Burchell, D.C.L., in the Hope Department, Oxford University Museum ;— IV. On the Lepidoptera Rhopalocera collected by W. J. Burchell in Brazil, 1825-1830. By kk. G. Josrpu, of Pancoln Callege, Oxtordy, yon gsc scan 55 64 shen ood aids 9 IIL. Descriptions of new Reptiles from the Andes of South America, preserved in the British Museum. By G. A. BouLENGER, Bab sea Nee Ne ay ara bea tak okay Mat Seay ak wai nc Sat ele tu a. se oa ws AiG ooh eee Meee! 19 IV. On some Freshwater HEntomostraca from Egypt and the Noudan. . By Roper Guenny, M.A. (Plate IL.) 2.2... .000cc0e. 25 V. New Species of. Heterocera from Costa Rica—IlV. By Bek CHUM Oe Mies as veins ae die ee ais ihn casio ele winlga saya nveceipe a6" 30 VI. A Synoptical Revision of the Dynastid Genus Lonchotus. yates ERP MALROWW NS) Daarts har a Bits sisi bs anctals po Gopatarp dw sywsievslo a § af 84 VII. Two new Genera of Starfishes. By Wa rer K. FisHer, Stantord, University? @alitormiar :!.). 220405 oils 2 a Saved waeeaael obey: 89 VIII. Description of a new Species of Temnophyllus, Brunn.- Watt. (Orthoptera: Phasgonuride), from the Malay PenInsula. By W. F. Kirsy, F.L.S., F.ELS., late Assistant in Zoological De- partment, Natural History Museum, South Kensington. (PlateIII.) 93 IX. Some new Curculionine from Central and South America, Rye ACER MP LONG Lig Hioces Aon whiten sitanay aig Sales de oeeersyalar eas 0 94 X. New Species of Diploptera in the Collection of the British Museum,—Part III. By Grorrrry MeapE-Watpo, B.A. ..,.,. 98 iv CONTENTS. Page XI. Three new South-African Rodents. By OrpFreip THomas, 113 XII. Diagnoses of new Mammals from the Trengganu Archipelago, East Coast of the Malay Peninsula. By C. Bopen Kuoss ...... XIII. The Anatomy and Classification of the Teleostean Fishes of the Order Iniomi. By C. Tare REGAn, M.A... cece eens 120 XIV. A Description of Venus stimpsoni, Gould, By A.J. JuKkus- Brownkg, B.A., F.R.S., M.M.S. (Plate IV.) ..ceseeseeeereeees 133 XV. Notes on the Lamellicorn Beetles of the Genus Golofa, with Descriptions of Three new Species. By Girpert J. ARRow .... 136 New Book :—A Descriptive Catalogue of the Marine Reptiles of the Oxford Clay. Part I. By Caarites WILLIAM ANDREWS, PRIS. iS sire g co ers aici Sis hae s. ope beens mia ae eae 141 Proceedings of the Geological Society ......... essen eens 142, 143 NUMBER 38. XVI. Notes from the Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews.— No, XXXII. By Prof. MInrosp, M.D., LL D., F.RS., &c. (Plates: Vs Vibe). vos ius cS eipioha rasa ie Sines Gini tM eames oid a 145 XVII. New Species of Heterocera from Costa Rica.—V. By WV. Semana, 2,5: 20S. 5 alae heise yee, Wee suetd wee ~~ ie XVIII. A Synopsis of the Marsipobranchs of the Order Hypero- arti, ~ By C. Tare ReGan; MA loinc. 320s ids ao alc wt wie 0.0 193 XIX. On the Systematic Position of Macristiwm chavesi. By C. BATH REGAN? MLGAL, —jheed pigs 5 oorieje Miesereue Otley o a's wees icles een 204 XX. New Asiatic Muride. By O_pFirLp THomMAs.......... 205 XXI. Description of a new Genus of Molossine Bats from West Africa, By Goy Doniman, BeAG oie. cs 6. eee sess seein 210 XXII. Descriptions of Three new Characinid Fishes from South- western Colombia. By G. A. Boutenesr, F.RS. .............. 212 XXII. Entomological Notes from the London School of Tropical Medicine.—No. I. Description of a new Species of Tabanide from British Guiana. By Soria L. M. Summers, M.A., B.Sc. ...... 213 XXIV. Description of Two new Tetragonopterid Fishes in the British Museum. By Prof. C. H. EIGENMANN ................ 216 XXV. Scorpions and Solifugz collected by Captain S. 8S. Flower in the Anglo-Mgyptian Sudan, By 8S. Hirst ......... Sins 217 ee —— CONTENTS. Vv Page New Book :—Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phaleeng in the British Museum, Vol. X. Noctuwide. By Sir Grorcr F, Hampson, TET fierce le Sines acele> Stele sn Sel «tom's waa ate, oho sec wean e we Leet Pere 2 Proceedings of the Geological Society. ........ eee eee eee e eee 223 Corrections by Major CONNOLLY .........-. 000. cess rete eee e ees 224 NUMBER 389. XXVI. Descriptions and Records of Bees—XXXIV. By T. D. A. CocKERELL, University of Colorado ...... cece eee e eee eee e ene 225 XXVII. Notes on the Cocoons and Descriptions of Four new Species of the Genus Trichostibas. By EmBrik Stranp, of the ovale Berlin: Zoological MuseuMt.. os... 6.05 nm sce seca ee mene 237 XXVIII. Rhyuchotal Notes—LUI. By W. L. Distant...... 242 XXIX. On the Cirrhitiform Percoids. By C. Tarr Rre@an, BN Napa e eres HCATTR CK eC SIT tial xc cote.) iene! ot cloak PMP Caue oeideh AS etey ox wse/! owt bro's. 259 XXX. New Species of Heterocera from Costa Rica.—VI. By pS CEVA SEZs pale cette ied opt aloes cgay mi Glau cist erss ab ole Slee « 262 XXXI. Descriptions of some new Species of Heterocera from Tropical South America, and Two new Species of Geometride from West Africa. By Herprrr Druce, F.LS. &c. ....... ee eee 287 XXXII. The Anatomy and Classification of the Teleostean Fishes of the Order Salmoperece. By C. Tare Reean, M.A. .......... 294 Ma HyA TE NGA LUTON teva shal shniatyreestke ee tle)» brrconantoe wtehand ways eal A watt 296 NUMBER 40. XXXIII. Notes on Fossorial Hymenoptera.—III. By Rotanp Roa WENA Rt Pecan Ray his, A archaleie Ghar & lv ave va td MR SRD Goo «kaa 297 XXXIV. Descriptions and Records of Bees—XXXV. By T. D. MOOCoOCKHRELL, University of Colorado: 4.5 e032 eqs ndacees aeons 310 XXXV. The Osteology and Classification of the Teleostean Fishes of the Order Microcyprini. By C.Tarr Rucan, M.A. (Plate VIII.) 320 XXXVI. The Classification of the Teleostean Fishes of the Order Synentognathi. By C. Tarz RreGan, M.A. (Plate IX.) ........ 327 -XXXVII. Note on Parasitic Castration in the Earthworm Zum- bricus herculeus. By Icerna B. J. Soias, B.Sc., Newnham College, Peni bieel Cea ae Coe Ae Lhe Male Mk AA SEs Pa veiatal ule ettalslete dd decaale 335 vi CONTENTS. _ Page XXXVIII. Ona new Marsupial. By Prof. F. Fourstrr and the Hon. WALTER ROTHRCHILD, CHD... nse connie Soto oye bie ye 307 XXXIX. Rhynchotal Notes—LIV. By W. L. Distant ...... 308 XL. New Species of Heterocera from Costa Rica—VII. By BUY SAGDIG pSHEU ites choc a's esas tn,» arm Sire Wloka nim 6 Ween baeperet see es ate wee cher 359 XLI. Descriptions of new Freshwater Tishes discovered by Dr. W. J. Ansorge in Portuguese Guinea. By G. A. BouLENGER, LDS oid Seo OO ooo oO UO oD ogo co DO MOON Ooo 378 XLII. Description of a new Cichlid Fish from Mashonaland. By G. A. BouLENGSR, F.R.S. 2.0.0... eee een ee eee eee cece nee 377 XLIIT. Description of a new Fish of the Genus Polypterus from Liberia. By G. A. BoULENGER, F.LR.S. «2.0... eee ee cee ee eee ab, XLIV. On new A‘rican Muride. By OvpFietp THomas .... 878 XLY. A new Vole from Eastern Asia. By OLpFrELD THomAS. . 383 XLVI. Three new Mammals from Dutch New Guinea. By OLDRIEED LHOMAG SH. i Oe st coe sb ole wl eats Fim none fare tals ve areal 384 XLVII. Note on anew Leech (Placobdella egyptiaca) from Egypt. By Wi A: Hanoua, MoAns Fda8. 00:5 i5cc5 sands ahs somes nei 388 XLVIII. On Lamellicorn Beetles belonging to the Subfamilies Ochodeine, Orphnine, Hybosorine, and Troygine. By Grier J. BNCRUELO) Wists con urs ove oye ese o's Wine tele to Buse roiale mga leo eRe eS ge eae 390 XLIX. On Gammarus campylops, Leach. By AtFrrep O. Vote aS, ZS Py seat eis tevayerwvalabnia ete arelate theake cual nein tere 597 L. A new African Corethra. By Frep. V. THropaxp, M.A., Se AGGe,, aig ais a Bia ye prac fissle actA habekeenahe/le ole, jefe Nebegetna is Sacer ATT 485 494 518 vill CONTENTS. Page LXXIII. New Species of Heterocera from Costa Rica.—VII. By IW. SOHAUS) FZ Ya x. atte «+ als dare te ls oi peste es Siem ia 612 LXXIV. Seven new Asiatic Mammals, with Note on the “Viverra fasciata” of Gmelin. By ERNST SCHWARZ ....--..0006 684 LXXY. Six new Fruit-bats of the Genera Macroglossus and Syconycteris. By KNUD ANDERSEN «1... .eceecse eee eeneeeens 641 LXXVI. A new Unstalked Crinoid from Christmas Island. By Austin Hopart CLarK ....-+..« Scho eh seen monet cca geet 644 Jew Book :—Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Schwedischen Zoolo- gischen Expedition nach dem Kilimandjaro, dem Meru und den Umgebenden Massaisteppen, Deutsch-Ostafrikas, 1905-1906, unter Leitung von Prof. Dr. Yngve Sjéstedt...... Aaric NA TS 646 Proceedings of the Geological Society. ..........sseeeeee ee . 648, 649 Index Graceani ser er ae AES A deena elareinlentior parte siete seen 5 650 PLATES IN VOL. VIL. Puate I, Hoplopteryx affinis. II. Freshwater Entomostraca from Egypt and the Sudan. III. Temnophyllus knighti, Avrdy. IV. Venus stimpsoni, Gould. Ni vi Nevaya whiteavesi and Cirratulide. VU; VIII. Goodea atripinnis. IX. Pharyngeals of Synentognathi. X. South African Pupide. a New shells from British East Africa. XIII. Oligocheeta from Travancore. XIV. Tryphosites alleni. Veo Vol. 7. EIGHTH SERIES. No. 37. ¥g ee THE ANNALS MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY, INCLUDING ZOOLOGY, BOTANY, anp GEOLOGY. No. 37. JAN. 1911. CONDUCTED BY : I ALBERT C. L. G. GUNTHER, M.A., M.D., Pu.D., F.RB.S., | WILLIAM CARRUTHERS, Pu.D., F.R.S., F.LS., F.G.8. AND 4 , | ee WILLIAM FRANCIS, F.L.S. WITH FOUR PLATES. LONDON; ‘TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET, ‘Bold ae Simpkin, Marshall, aves Kent, & Co., Lid. : Bailliére, Parie: : : oe Figgis, ig Co., Dublin: and Asher, Berlin, Vol. I, Part I, Price 4s., Part IL, 3s. 6d., Part IIT., 3e. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH, Issued by the Entomolegical Research Committee (Tropical Africa’, aypernied by the Colonial Of ¢ ce. ‘Tayior and Francis, Red Lion Court, Fleet Street, E.C. EEE ~ FLORA OF THE PRESIDENGY OF BOMBAY. Published under the authority of the Seeretary of State for India in Council, By THEODORE COOKE, C.LE., M.A., M.A.1,, UL.D,, B.L,S,, £.Z,8., dc. RORMERLY PRINCIPAL OF THE COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AT POONA AND DIRECTOR OF FHE BOTANICAL SURVEY OF WHSTERN, INDIA, Vol. L, Part I. 8s, Part IL. 9s., Part HL. 10s, Vol. IL, Parts E & H. 9, each, Parts I. & IV. 8s, each, Part V. 12s. Ta¥LoR and Francis, Red Lion Court, Vleet Street, B.C. BIOLOGIA CENTRALI-AMERICANA. Edited by B, DUCANE GODMAN. SUBJECTS 5 IN PROGRESS. ZOOLOGY. Coleoptera. Vol. IV. part 3 Pncncrieanss Cureulionide). By 1), Suarp. (Pp. 1-168, pls. ivi.) ye Lepidoptera Heterccera. Vol.1¥. By soe WALSINGHAM. Pe 1-48, pl. i.) he ea The Price of caeh Part is 21s. London: Published for the Editor by Dutavu & Co., Seho Sa, we THE FAUNA OF BRITISH INDIA, INCLUDING CEYLON AND BURMA, Published under the authority of the Sceretary of State ler India in Couneil. Edited by A. E. Suverpy, M.A., ERS. ~ Med, 8yo, with text illustrations and 2 coloured plates. Priev 10s. COLEOPTERA—Lametzicoryia. Pt. I. (Cetoniins and Dynastine.) By G. J. ARROW, Savior and Francis, Red Lion Ceirk, Fleet Street, EC. \ | { THE ANNALS AND MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY. [EIGHTH SERIES.] Meena ceaseane eee per litora spargite muscum, Naiades, et circtim vitreos considite fontes: Pollice virgineo teneros hic carpite flores: Floribus et pictum, dive, replete canistrum. At vos, o Nymphe Craterides, ite sub undas ; Ite, recurvato variata corallia trunco Vellite muscosis e rupibus, et mihi conchas Ferte, Dez pelagi, et pingui conchylia suceo.” « Parthenii Giannettasi, Hel. 1. Noa. JANUARY 1911: I.—The Anatomy and Classification of the Teleostean Fishes of the Orders Berycomorphi and Xenoberyces. By C. Tate Reaan, M.A. (Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) [Plate I.] THe Berycomorphous fishes are a group of considerable interest, for on the one hand they approach the Perches in general structure, and on the other they retain many features of generalization which indicate their relationship to primitive Clupeoids. The order was well represented in Cretaceous times, and the fossil genera were included in the fourth volume of Dr. Smith Woodward’s ‘ Catalogue of Fossil Fishes,’ issued in 1901. The best descriptions and figures of the extinct species are those of W. von der Marck (Paleont. xi. 1863) and of Smith Woodward (Paleontogr. Soc. 1902). Dr. E. C. Starks has given a useful account of the osteology of some of the recent types, with figures of the crania of Polymizia, Beryx, Hoplostethus, Monocentris, and Holo- cenirus (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxvii. 1904) ; I fully agree with him that the Pempheridze do not pertain to this order, but to the Percomorphi. The skeleton of Holocentrus has been figured by Agassiz (Poiss. Foss. vol. iv.) and that of Beryx by Giinther (‘ Challenger’ Deep-sea Fishes). Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. vii. i 2 Mr. C. T. Regan on the Anatomy and In the following account both recent and extinct forms are dealt with, and the more important characters of the order and its component families are set forth; three families, Berycopsidee, Diretmide, and Anomalopide, hitherto regarded as of uncertain affinities, are assigned a definite place in the system, and the Melamphaide, until now included in the Berycide, are rejected from the order. Order BERYCOMORPHI. Parietals separated by the supraoccipital; nasals large, posteriorly attached to the frontals; opisthotic well-deve- loped, bounded in front by the pro-otic and below by the exoccipital; orbitosphenoid present, united by suture with the alisphenoids, but well separated from the mesethmoid ; a Y-shaped basisphenoid present; a thin-walled auditory bulla, containing a large otolith, formed by the pro-otic, parasphenoid, basi-occipital, exoccipital, and sometimes the opisthotic. Mouth bordered above by the protractile pre- maxillaries ; maxillary articulated with the vomer and attached near its proximal end to the well-developed maxil- lary process of the palatine; one or two supramaxillaries ; lower jaw of dentary, articulare and angulare. First pharyngo- branchial suspensory ; third and fourth ankylosed; lower pharyngeals separate ; three ossified basi-branchials. 4 gills; pseudobranchie ; 7 to 9 branchiostegals. Hyo-palatine and opercular bones normally developed. Vertebral column of solid centra which are co-ossified with the arches ; anterior ribs sessile ; posterior ribs on parapophyses ; hypurals more or less fused and expanded; three epurals (epaxial basalia) and two uroneurals. Post-temporal forked, attached to the eplotic and opisthotic ; usually two post-cleithra on each side ; no mesocoracoid ; pectoral radials four, hourglass-shaped, only the lowest in contact with the hypocoracoid. Air- bladder without pneumatic duct *. Anterior rays of vertical fins spinous ; pelvic fins thoracic or subabdominal, with or without spine and with from 3 to 13 soft rays; caudal fin typically with 19 principal rays, 17 of which are branched (18, with 16 branched, in the Polymixiide). Family 1. Polymixiide. Dorsal and anal fins long or moderately elongate, with a few graduated spines and rather numerous soft rays; caudal * I cannot find a duct in any of the genera I have examined, including Beryx and Holocentrus, which are said to be physostomous. Classification of some Teleostean Fishes. 3 with 16 branched rays; pelvics subabdominal, 7 or 8 rayed, without spine. Jaws with villiform teeth in bands; teeth on parasphenoid, vomer, palatines, pterygoids, and meso- pterygoids. A pair of hyoid barbels. Upper edge of maxillary slipping under the preorbital and anterior sub- orbitals ; two supramaxillaries, the posterior not overlapping the anterior ; all the suborbitals forming a subocular shelf ; nasals moderately large, separated in front by the premaxillary Fig. 1. ' 2: Skeleton of caudal fin of Polymixia nobilis (1) and Hoplopteryx affinis (2). n, neural spine ; ’, heemal spine; ep, epaxial basalia (epurals) ; u, uroneurals; hy, hypurals; c, c’, centra. processes and behind by the ethmoid, to which they are united by suture ; supraoccipital and parietals not overlapped by the frontals, with prominent crests; occipital crest ex- tending to anterior edge of frontals ; alisphenoids separate, bridged by the orbitosphenoid. Hypocoracoids narrowed forwards below; pelvic bones remote from the cleithra. Vertebree 28-34 ; last two centra upturned and anterior uro- neural united with the penultimate centrum by suture. 1* 4 Mr. C. T. Regan on the Anatomy and In addition to the recent Polymizia, Lowe, the Cretaceous Platycormus, W. von der Marck, may be placed in_ this family; it has been well described and figured, and shows many important resemblances to the recent genus. ‘The less satisfactorily known Omosoma, Costa, and Pycnosterina, Heck., may be provisionally associated with Platycormus. Family 2. Berycopside. Berycopsis elegans, Dixon, from the Chalk of Sussex and Kent, has been fully described and figured by Dr. Smith Woodward. Itis in some respects intermediate between the Polymixiide and Berycide, but is well distinguished from both. Dorsal and anal fins as in the Polymixiide ; pelvic fins not well known, perhaps as in the Polymixiide; two supra- maxillaries formed as in Berya, the posterior large and sending forward a pointed process above the anterior ; ptery- goid teeth present; occipital and parietal crests terminating above the middle of the orbit; suborbitals narrow, preorbital deep, and maxillary exposed; vertebra at least 26 and per- haps as many as 30. Family 3. Berycide. Dorsal and anal with a few graduated spines ; caudal with 17 branched rays; pelvics thoracic, of a spine and 7 to 13 soft rays. Jaws with villiform teeth in bands; teeth on vomer and palatines. Upper edge of maxillary slipping under preorbital and anterior suborbitals ; two supra- maxillaries, the posterior sending forward a pointed process above the anterior; subocular shelf formed by several sub- orbitals, or at least extending the whole length of the second ; nasals moderately large, separated by the premaxillary pro- cesses, but nearly meeting above them anteriorly; supra- occipital and parietals not overlapped by the frontals, with prominent crests which extend forward on the latter to the interorbital region; frontals anteriorly with prominent ridges bordering mucus cavities; alisphenoids united by suture. Hypocoracoids not narrowed forward, reaching the ventral profile and forming a symphysis behind that of the cleithra; pelvic bones embraced by the hypocoracoids and attached to the cleithra above the symphysis. Vertebra 24; no upturned centra, and the anterior uroneural ankylosed with the last centrum. There are two very distinct genera, viz., Beryz, Cuv., and Hoplopteryx, Agass. ‘The former, with species from the Classification of some Telcostean Fishes. 5 North Atlantic and Japan, has the dorsal, with IV 13-19 vays, much shorter than the anal, which has III-lV 26-30; the pelvics have I 10-13 iays. The latter includes three recent species from South Australia and New Zealand, in which the dorsal, with VI-VII 12-14 rays, is longer than the anal, which has IV 12-15, whilst the pelvics have I 7 rays. Moreover, the spines are stouter than in Beryz, and the scales are larger and structurally different, being slightly rugose with strongly pectinated edges, instead ot covered with little spines. There are several Cretaceous species of Hoplopteryx ; in the Australian H. affinis, Guiuth., the crests and ridges on the head are arranged exactly as in the Cretaceous H. lewisiensis described and figured by Dr. Smith Woodward. I give a figure of H. affinis, for comparison with the extinct forms (PI. I.). Family 4. Diretmide. The type of Diretmus argenteus, Johnson, ia in the British Museum collection ; it is evidently related to the Berycida. The dorsal and anal fins appear to be formed mainly of articulated rays, and probably not more than 3 or 4 are spinous ; the caudal has 17 branched rays ; each pelvic fin is composed of a laminar, oblong ovate, obliquely striated spine and 5 branched rays; (the pelvic spine of Berys is obliquely striated). The scales are small, adherent, spinulose, differing from those of Beryw in that the bases of the spinules are expanded into parallel vertical ridges. The jaws have narrow bands of villiform teeth, witha series of larger pointed teeth in the lower; the palate is toothless. The single large supramaxillary -has the form of the posterior supramaxillary of the Berycide ; the nasals are separated by the premaxillary processes; the subocular shelf and the alisphenoids and orbitosphenoids are as in the Berycide. The cranial crests and ridges are as in the Bery- cidee, except that the paired ridges which converge forward from the parietal crests in the latter are now united to form a single median ridge, owing to the narrowness of the inter- orbital region. ‘The thin-walled auditory bulla containing a large otolith can be seen above the gills. The pelvic bones are embraced by the enormously expanded hypocoracoids, which meet in a long symphysis ; this is an exaggeration of the Berycid condition. Family 5. Trachichthyide. Dorsal and anal spines few; pelvic fins thoracic, of a spine and 6 soft rays. Jaws and dentition as in the Berycida, but 6 Mr. C. T. Regan on the Anatomy and vomerine teeth sometimes absent and anterior supramaxillary wanting; a single large supramaxillary, superiorly sending forward a pointed process ; subocular shelf a small or slender process of the second suborbital ; nasals very large, united by suture throughout their length, covering the ethmoid and the premaxillary processes. Frontals, parietals, and supra- occipital, with their ridges and crests, arranged much as in the Berycida. Alisphenoids separate, bridged by the orbito- sphenoid. Hypocoracoids narrowed forward below, not reaching the ventral profile, not embracing the pelvic bones, which are firmly attached to the cleithra above the symphysis. 26 vertebre ; no upturned centra, and the anterior uroneural alkylosed with the last centrum. Abdomen with a median seiies of ridged or serrated scales, Recent genera are Trachichthys, Shaw, Hoplostethus, Cuv. & Val., Peratrachichthys, Waite, and Gephyroberyx, Bouleng. ‘Lhe Cretaceous Aipichthys, Steind., and Acrogaster, Agass., may be provisionally referred to this family. Sphenocephalus, Agass., shows some resemblance to Tirachichthys, but does not seem to have the abdominal series of ridged scales. Family 6. Monocentride. Differs from the preceding only in the large, bony, rigidly united scales, the absence of the first four ribs, and the reduc- tion of the pelvic fin to a spine and 8 soft rays. The trunk- muscles are inserted only on the posterior surface of the skull, and on the upper surface the occipital and parietal crests are converted into ridges bordering mucous channels. One genus, MJonocentris, Bl. Schn. Family 7. Anomalopide. Differs from the Trachichthyide in the absence of mucous channels on the head and in the presence of a peculiar evertible subocular luminous organ. There is a single example of Anomalops katoptron, Bleek., in the British Museum, and I have ascertained that the nasal bones, the orbitosphenoid, and the supramaxillary are as in the Trachichthyide. ‘There is a median abdominal series of ridged scales and the caudal fin has 17 branched rays. In this specimen the right pelvic fin is absent and the left has only 4 rays; these fins are said to be normally 6-rayed, but authors disagree as to whether the outer ray is spinous or articulated. Protoblepharon palpebratus, Bodd., which has been figured by Max Weber (‘ Siboga’ Exped. p. 109, 1902) Classification of some Teleostean Fishes. 7 seems to have I 6 pelvic rays, and is otherwise very similar to Hoplostethus or Trachichthys. Family 8. Holocentride. A long spinous dorsal; anal with 4 spines; caudal with 17 branched rays; pelvics thoracic, of a spine and 5 to 8 soft rays. Jaws and dentition as in the Berycide ; two supra- maxillaries, the posterior large and sending forward a pointed process above the small anterior one ; subocular shelf formed by several suborbitals; nasals moderate, separated by the premaxillary processes, not convergent anteriorly ; a second nasal bone on each side below the nostrils. Frontals large, Skull of Myripristis murdjan, from above. tn, infra-nasal ; na, nasal; v, vomer; eth, ethmoid ; soc, supra-occipital ; f, frontal; p, parietal; sp, sphenotic (post-fontal); pt, pterotic (supra-temporal) ; ep, epiotic; ¢, temporal plate; pét, post-temporal. overlapping the parietals and supra-occipital, which scarcely appear on the dorsal surface of the cranium; no parietal crests; occipital crest not extending on to the frontals, which have a pair of low longitudinal ridges bordering a median groove or channel, and posteriorly a varying number of ridges radiating backwards; trunk-muscles inserted only on poste- rior surface of skull, excavating large posterior temporal fossee, which are roofed by the frontals. Hypocoracoids narrowed forward below, not reaching the ventral profile, not embracing the pelvic bones, which are loosely attached by ligament above the symphysis of the cleithra, Vertebrae 26 or 27; no upturned centra, and the anterior uroneural anky- losed with the last centrum. 8 On the Anatomy &c. of some Teleostean Fishes. Recent genera are Adioryx, Starks (‘Science,’ xxviii. 1908, p. 614), Holocentrus, Scopoli, Myriprist’s, Cuv. (with toothed maxillary), and Ostichthys, Langsdorff. The Creta- ceous Homonotus, Dixon, seems to be near Myripristis ; the fish described by Dr. Smith Woodward from the Chalk of Kent under the name Trachithyioides ornatus is known only from the skull, which is very similar to that of some recent species of Myripristis, although none of them show the principal frontal ridges quite so far apart posteriorly nor the radiating ridges so few. Dinopteryx, A. 8. Woodward, with seven anal spines, may be provisionally placed in this family. I propese the new generic name Caproberyx for the fish from the Chalk of Kent described by Dr. Smith Woodward under the name Berycopsis major (Paleontogr. Soc. 1902, p- 11, pl. ii. fig. 2). Of the vertical fins only the anal spines are known, but the head and pectoral arch are well preserved and indicate relationship to the Holocentride. In the short premaxillary processes and the absence of a preopercular spine Caproberyx resembles Myripristis, in the expanded pre- orbital and the weak principal and numerous radiating frontal ridges Holocentrus. Bnt it differs from both in the greater prominence of the occipital crest, which bas the upper edge thickened and longitudinally ridged; in this and in some other features it shows considerable similarity to Antigonia, and it may be that this resemblance is due to real affinity and that Caproberyx is nearest of all the Berycoids to the Zeomorphi. The Berycomorphi as above restricted do not include the Stephanoberycidze and Melamphaide. ‘These are probably derived from the same stock as the Berycomorphous fishes, resembling them in the structure of the protractile mouth, and in the caudal fin, which has 19 principal rays, 17 of which are branched, and the procurrent rays spinous. Not much importance can be attached to the presence of large mucous cavities on the head. ‘They differ from typical Beryco- morphi in the toothless palate, the absence of a subocular shelf, and the triangular shape of the single supramaxillary, but especially in the absence of an orbitosphenoid. I find that in both Melamphaes and Stephanoberyx the widely sepa- rated alisphenoids extend well forward between the orbits, but do not seem to be bridged by an orbitosphenoid *. * T have had no skeletons for examination, and in these two genera, as in Anomalops and Diretmus, I have only been able to see the arrangement of the interorbital bones by a temporary displacement of one eye in a spirit-specimen. 2 — On Rhopalocera from Brazil. ) I therefore propose provisionally to associate these fishes in a new order, which may be termed X ENOBERYCES. The two families may be thus defined :— 1. Stephanoberycide. Air-bladder with a pneumatic duct ; dorsal and anal fins without spines; pelvics abdominal or subabdominal, without spine, 5- or 6-rayed. 34 gills. Nasal bones joined through- out their length. Two genera :—Stephanoberyx, Gill, and Malacosarcus, Giinth. 2. Melamphaide. Dorsal and anal fins with a few slender graduated spines ; pelvics thoracic, of a slender spine and 6 to 9 soft rays; pelvic bones well behind the cleithra, 4 gills. Nasal bones separate. Principal genera :—Melamphaes, Giinth., Plectromus, Gill, Scopelogadus, Vaill., Anoplogaster, Giinth., and Caulolepis, Gill. EXPLANATION OF PLATE I. Hopiopteryx affinis, Giinth. (xX 4.) II.—The Collections of William John Burchell, D.C.L., in the Hope Department, Oxford University Museum. IV. On the Lepidoptera Rhopalocera collected by W. J. Burchell in Brazil, 1825-1830. By E. G. JOSEPH, of Lincoln College, Oxford. [Continued from ser. 8, vol. v. p. 346. ] VIII. Acrazrz. Tue following paper contains an account of the Acrainse that were captured by Burchell in Brazil. According to the interpretation at which I have arrived in consultation with Professor Poulton, F.R.S., and Mr. W. J. Kaye, Actinote 10 Mr. E. G. Joseph on the Rhopalocera thalia, Linn., is the only representative of this subfamily that finds a place in Burchell’s collection. The individuals of that species, however, exhibit a very large amount of variation both as regards size and pattern. . We believe that none of the above-mentioned variations are of specific value, although a fair proportion of the specimens answers very well to Godman and Salvin’s descrip- tion of A. anteas, Doubl. & Hew.', and a few others possess the rectangularly bent median black bar of the hind wing that forms so conspicuous a feature of A. pellenea, Hibn. But seeing that a careful examination of Burchell’s material shows every intermediate grade between the patterns of A. thalia and A. anteas on the one hand, and of A. thalia and A. pellenea-like specimens on the other,—considering, furthermore, that the whole series was captured in 8.H. Brazil,— we conclude that, as far as this collection, at any rate, is con- cerned, the above-mentioned differences are only of varietal value. It is important, however, to confirm this opinion by examination of structural characters in fresher and more perfect specimens than those of the Burchell collection, by the records of individuals observed ¢n cotéu, and, above all, by the paramount test of breeding. I have, moreover, studied the descriptions and drawings of these three species by recent and older writers, and, after earetully comparing them with Burchell’s specimens, have been unable to find any permanent characters by which A. thalia, A. anteas, and A. pellenea may be separated—a conclusion already arrived at, as regards the two first-named forms, by Godman and Salvin, Staudinger, and other autho- rities. Attention will be directed to any marked variations that appear in the series, under the respective numbers, It gives me much pleasure to acknowledge the kind help rendered by Mr. Harry EHltringham, M.A., of New College, Oxford, in the endeavour to ascertain the correct sex of the Burchell specimens—many of them in a very dilapidated condition. The whole of the geographical data and other notes bearing on the scene of Burchell’s botanical and entomological opera- tions in Brazil has now been transcribed by Professor Poulton from the Catalogue of Brazilian Plants, containing the numbers 701-10108, and has been utilized for the purpose of this paper. It is a record of nearly five years’ continuous 1 ‘Biologia Centrali-Americana,’ Insecta, Lepidoptera Rhopalocera, vol. i. p. 141 (1879-1901), a collected by W. J. Burchell in Brazil. 11 labour, viz. from July 18th, 1825, when Burchell first landed at Rio de Janeiro, until Feb. 10, 1830, when he left Para’. Westwood’s list of Burchell’s ‘‘Acrwa &c.” consists of twenty-two numbers, of which only three—A. 8, A. 9, and A. 10—refer to the Acreine as now understood. The numbers and data were written under his direction by a clerk, while “Acrea sp.,” together with notes descriptive of individual varieties, were inserted by Westwood himself. He also wrote a supplementary and more complete catalogue of the data of A. 8, A. 9, and A. 10 on a separate slip of paper, but a single date, correctly recorded by the clerk, is omitted from the slip—a remarkable error, considering that Westwood was the writer. K. G. JOSEPH. Oxford, May 11th, 1910. Actinote thalia, Linn. Bz. 326. J. (14. 10. 25.] $= 1443. Minas Geraes. ‘Pa- pilio.” (As 1357.) The inner marginal spots of the fore wing are both distinct ~ in this specimen, the upper, as usual, being considerably smaller than the lower. A fuller account of this character is given under 1444, The wings of this specimen are unusually broad and rounded,—more so than in normal males and females. They are also far more translucent than those of the typical male of thalia, thus approaching the characteristic appearance of the female. In size the specimen is intermediate between the small male and large female of this species. An exami- nation of the genitalia and of the fore legs nevertheless shows clearly that the specimen is a male, although an unusual form of this sex. ‘The rounded character of the hind wings is also evident in the rectangulated band of their under surface. (For a description of this band see under 1444.) It would be very interesting to endeavour to ascertain by breeding whether this is a well-marked form of male or one that is transitional into the normal A. thalia of S.E. Brazil. Two other similar specimens (1449 and 1453) were captured by Burchell in Minas Geraes between 14. 10. 25 and 10. 11. 25. Bz. 353. I. (15.10. 25.] g§ = 1444. MinasGeraes, “Plap- alio|.” (As 1858.) The spot within the anal angle of the fore wing upper 1 Burchell’s last day of collecting on a large scale was Feb. 1st, 1830, but four additional plants beyond 10108 were collected on Feb. 7th and one on Feb. 8th. 12 Mr. E. G. Joseph on the Rhopalocera surface and the smaller inner marginal spot immediately above it, recognized by Staudinger as characteristic of the anteas form of thalia, will be referred to below as the “ upper and lower inner marginal spots’? respectively. Their presence, however faintly indicated, will be noted in each specimen under the corresponding number, and it will be seen that Staudinger was quite correct in maintaining that this character is not of specific value. It will be found that the Burchell series presents every gradation between a condition in which the two spots are distinct to that in which a few scattered scales mark the site of the lower spot. The latter specimens, of course, are transitional into those that show no visible trace of the marking. Another very variable character is the somewhat irregular, generally narrow, and rectangularly bent fuscous band crossing the under surface of the hind wing a little beyond the cell. In its most typical form this band originates from about the centre of the costa, and runs obliquely towards the apex of the cell, but does not enter it: opposite the apex it turns abruptly at right angles towards the inner margin and termi- nates at the radial streak between the second and first median nervules. The distal ends of the internervular rays nearest the costal margin are sometimes much thickened, producing the appearance of a second, much broader band, which often fuses with the above-mentioned rectangulated band, forming a broad, irregular, and ill-defined fuscous patch. LEvery gradation exists between such a widespread marking and a band that is narrow, well-defined, and sharply bent. The rectangulated band is sometimes reproduced, to a variable extent, upon the upper surface of the hind wing, giving to the most strongly marked individuals, viz. 1462 and 1468, a pellenea-like aspect: the extent to which it is developed will be noted in all specimens that possess it; and it will be seen that the Burchell material exhibits every inter- mediate grade between a well-defined broadish band and a mere thickening at the distal ends of a few of the inter- nervular rays. Both inner marginal spots of the fore wing are distinct in this specimen, the lower, as usual, being considerably larger than the upper. The rectangulated band on the upper surface of the hind wing is very faintly indicated. Bz 360. I, (15. 10. 25.] g=1445. Minas Geraes. Pap- [ilio]. (As 1858.) Opposite “ 360” Burchell wrote “ (326),” thus indicating collected by W. J. Burchell in Brazil. 13 his conclusion that both numbers were affixed to specimens of the same species. Inner marginal spots small. Upper surface rectangulated band very sharply defined, and more distinct on its inner border, than is the similar marking on the under surface of the wing. This specimen is placed under A. 9 of West- wood’s list (see p. 18), characterized by the band above described. Bz. 477. I. {16. 10. 25.] g =1446. Minas Geraes. ‘“Pa- pilio.” (See 1857.) Opposite 477” Burchell wrote (“353”), thus showing that he considered both numbers to be affixed to specimens of the same species. Lower inner marginal spot very small: upper represented by a few scattered scales. Very faint indications of the upper surface rectangulated band appear between the second sub- costal nervule and the radial nervure, between the latter and the third median nervule, and between the second and first median nervules. 854. I, 24. 10. 25. g?= 1447. Minas Geraes. “Pap[ilio].” (As 1860.) This specimen bears a female body, and as regards size approaches the normal A. thalia female, but its gencral aspect is so male-like in the opacity of the wings that it seems probable that we are dealing with an unusually large male to which a female body has accidentally been attached. It may here be mentioned that in determining the sex of the Burchell material, we have been obliged to resort to such superficial characters as the opacity of the wings or the size of the specimen, when the abdomen and fore legs are wanting. Lower inner marginal spot very small: upper represented by a single scale on each fore wing. Upper surface rectan- gulated band fairly well marked at its origin, but just before reaching the first subcostal nervule it becomes much fainter and terminates at the second subcostal. 905. I, 25.10.25. 2 g= 1448, 1449. Minas Geraes. “Plapilio]. At Discoberto, near Joao Pedro’s house.” (See 1284.) It is to be noted that of these two males, taken on the same day, 1448 is the normal form of the species, while 1449 is a round-winged individual similar to 1443. Both spots distinct in 1448; and upper surface rectangu- lated band of this specimen very faintly indicated, as in 1444. The other ¢ (1449) agrees with 1448 in all essential respects. 14 Mr. E. G. Joseph on the Rhopalocera 906. I. 25. 10. 25. § = 1450. MinasGeraes. “P[apilio].” (As 1448.) Westwood’s “ Catal, A. 8”’ (clerk’s MSS.) is on specimen. Westwood’s list agrees with this label. 4.11.25. @=1451. Minas Geraes. “ At Francisco Manoel’s.” ‘‘ Some tropeiros from the rancho seeing me catching Papilionide, caught a few also for me. afterwards ascended the hill into the forest northward of our Rancho and took insects, till wet through in a thunder shower. In the evening caught some insects by the candle.” (See 1285.) 10. 11. 25. 2 6 = 1452, 1453. Minas Geraes. Burchell’s Cat. pl. Braz.’ states that he was ‘‘ Between Mérro Grande & Soumidotiro.””* On this day Burchell also speaks of the “Serra do Soumidouro,” “in montibus Soumidouro,” and the ‘‘ Serra do Corrego secco more elevated than Serra Estrella’; also “‘ Morro Taquari” and “ Rancho of Soumidouro,”’ where he ‘ arr[ived]”’ at cS O4P | Me * On this day, as on 25. 10. 25, Burchell captured a normal male (1452) as well as a round-winged form (1458) similar to 1443. The upper surface rectangulated band of 1452 is here and there indicated by a few scales scattered between the veins. The other ¢ (1453) agrees with 1448 in all essential respects, save in the absence of the upper spot from fore wing. 29.12. 25. 6 = 1454. Rio de Janeiro. (As 1870.) Upper surface rectangulated band as in 1444, 31. 12. 25. 2 9 = 1455, 1456. Rio de Janeiro. ‘On the Corcovédo Mountain, and in the Valley of Laranjeiras.” “ }}xcursion to the summit of the Corcovado; from Catete & up the valley of Earanjeiros.” “On the Cor- covédo Mountain by the way of Laranjeiras commencing at the summit, at the Flagstaff.” * Both spots distinct in 1456. 92, 3. 26. b. 6 = 1457. Rio de Janeiro. (As 1411.) 9,12. 26. 2 9 = 1458, 1459. Cubatéd. “ At Rio das Pé- dras; in the Forest.” ‘Near Cubaté6, (at Rio-das- Pédras) (In M* Smith’s Citio, & immediate vicinity) 8-10 December 1826.””* On Dec. 9th he was collecting plants ‘In Sylva.” * Faint trace of lower spot on right fore wing of 1458: left fore wing much rubbed. Lower spot distinct on both wings of 1459. 1 Passages extracted from the Cat. pl. Braz. are always indicated by an asterisk, thus *. collected by W. J. Burchell in Brazil. 15 14. 12. 26. 9 = 1460. Cubatéd. No mention is made of this date in any ef Burchell’s records. But on Dec. 13th we find, both in the Cat. Geog. and in the Cat. pl. Braz., that he was on the lower slopes of the Serra de Cubatdao ; while on Dec. 15th the same two Catalogues state that he was at Rio das Pédras: hence it is probable that he was back again at Rio das Pédras on Dec. 14th, perhaps engaged in arranging his botanical and zoological collections. Westwood’s “Catal. A. 9” is on specimen, and his list agrees with this label. It is very difficult to determine, from the nature of the paper, whether the label borne by this specimen is English or Brazilian: for though it has the whitish colour, it does not exhibit the signs of age of the latter type of paper. Inas- much, however, as it is a little larger than the average Bra- zilian label, it seems probable that it is made of a different _ type of English paper from that ordinarily employed by Barchell—most of the English labels having been written on paper of a greyish tint. The same difficulty has been expe- rienced with regard to the labels on 1458, 1459, 1462, and 1471. The two former, however, being a great deal larger than the ordinary Brazilian label, are almost certainly English, while the others are probably also English, for the same reasons that were stated for 1460. Both spots are distinct, the lower being subtriangular, with its apex directed towards the base of the wing. It is inter- esting to note that the lower spot takes this form in all the Burchell specimens that possess a well-marked rectangulated band on the upper surface. Moreover, Hiibner clearly repre- sents this feature as well as a portion of the band in his figure of A. pel/enea in the ‘ Zutriige zur exotischer Schmetter- linge’*. ‘Lhe degree of triangularity varies greatly in pellenea-like as well as in other specimens, and in a large number of cases the spot loses the triangular shape altogether, and becomes rectangular or ovoid &c. I conclude, therefore, that this character is of no more value in separating A. pel- lenea from A. thalia than is the upper surface band. All distinctions founded on pattern alone seem to break down; and if pellenea be really separate from thalia, the evidence must rest on structural characters as yet insufficiently investigated, or on the results of breeding. The upper surface rectangulated band is only faintly indi- cated, but as the hind wing is almost totally denuded of 1 Figure 741 in the ‘Zutrige zur Sammlung exotischer Schmetter- linge,’ by J. Hiibner and C, Geyer (Augsburg, 1818-1887), 16 Mr. E. G. Joseph on the Rhopalocera scales, and in view of the triangular condition of the lower spot above described, it seems possible that this band was formerly well developed. Westwood also refers to this band in his list. (See 1471.) Bz. 17. 12. 26. 9 =1461. Cubatdd. No mention is made of Burchell’s whereabouts on this date in any of his records: but according to the Cat. pl. Braz. he was “ In the middle part (about $) of the Ascent up the Serra de Cubatdéd” * on Dec. 16th, and he is not reported to have made any further expedition till Dee. 22nd; so it is probable that he spent the days between Dec. 16th and Dec. 22nd at Rio das Pédras, and may have been engaged upon his botanical and zoological collections. The following evidence supports the conclusion that he was in this locality on one of these days. It is noted in the Cat. pl. Braz. that ‘ 3628-4” (a botanical specimen) was collected 19, 12.26”. Now 3595-3628 are the botanical entries for Dec. 15 at Rio das Pédras, and the fact that the last of these entries was repeated (with the addition of ‘‘—4”’) for the above-mentioned specimen, suggests that it came trom the same locality as 3628, ¢. e. that Burchell was at Rio das Pédras on 19. 12. 26. If this conclusion be correct, it .is probable that 17. 12. 26 was also spent in the same locality. Westwood’s list records one other specimen of this date. Inner marginal spots as in 1460. Detached sections of the upper surface rectangulated band distinctly shown, and as this specimen is much rubbed, it is possible for the reasons given under 1460 that in its original state the band was con- tinuous and well marked. It is worth noticing that the ray that runs between the first and second median nervules traverses and projects a little beyond one of the detached segments of the upper surface band. It is slightly thickened at the point of intersection, but gradually tapers at its distal end, thus creating the impression of a barbed arrow-head. 18. 12. 26. g¢ = 1462. Cubatdéd. Burchell was probably at Rio das Pédras on this day. (See 1461.) ? Inner marginal spots as in 1460, but a great deal smaller. Upper surface band extremely well marked and broad, forming the ground on which Westwood placed this specimen and 1462 under A. 10 in his list (see p. 18). ‘This specimen and 1463, both males and both taken on the same day, had been named pellenea after comparison with specimens in the Godman-Salvin Collection, and so far as 1 3628-2 and 3628-8, collected “in horto” and undated, are probably to be understood as 15. 12. 26, 2 See also note on 1460. collected by W. J. Burchell in Brazil. 17 pattern alone can supply evidence they certainly belong to this form. It has been, however, pointed out on p. 10 that the pattern of pedlenea is transitional into that of thalva and that we are not justified in considering them specifically distinct until stronger evidence has been produced. Burchell’s specimens do, however, furnish indications of the local development of a pellenea-like appearance in the 8. Paulo and Cubatao district. Only a single specimen with a well-marked rectangulated band on the hind wing upper surface was taken in any other area, viz. 1445, from Minas Geraes. The most pel/enea-like males are 1462 and 1463. A corresponding female is to be found in 1467 and, allowing for its worn condition, probably in 1460 also. ‘This character is exhibited, but in a less degree, by 1445 and 1465, both males, and slight indica- tions of it appear in 1461, a female, and 1466, a male. Bz. 18.12.26. § = 1463. Cubatdéd. (See 1461.) Westwood’s “ Catal. A.10”’ is on specimen. Westwood’s list agrees with this label. Inner marginal spots and upper surface band as in 1462, Bz. 24.12. 26. 9? =1464. Cubatéo. “About Rio das Pédras and Cubatéo.” * Both spots distinct. Bz. 1:4.27. = 1465. “At S. Paulo. On the Santos road, as far as the church of N. 8. da Gloria.” * This specimen is exceptionally dark, and all the yellow markings of the fore wing upper surface are greatly reduced, the basal patch and the spot between the first and second median nervules being merely represented by a few scattered yellow scales. The ferrugineous ground-colour of the hind wing is unustally dark, while the black radiate nervular and internervular markings are exceptionally developed, thus contributing to the general dusky appearance of the upper surface. ‘The upper surface band is very distinct, but compa- ratively narrow, a character recognized by Westwood when he classified this specimen under A. 9 in his list (see p. 18). 13. 4.27. ¢=1466. Near S: Paulo. Upper marginal spots on right fore wing similar to those on 1462, but less developed: left fore wing rubbed. Upper surface band distinct, but very narrow. ‘lhe specimen is placed under A. 9 of Westwood’s list (see p. 18). 9, 5.27. 9 = 1467. S. Paulo. “Near the Convénto da Luz.” “Between Tanque do Zunica & the Luz Convent.” * Inner marginal spots as in 1460. Upper surface band very distinct and rather broad. ‘This specimen seems as nearly as possible to present the same condition as 1462 and Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. vii. 2 18 On Rhopalocera from Brazil. 1463, allowing for the greater size and translucency of a female. The ground-colour of the hind wing is peculiar, being of a very pale yellow passing into a ferrugineous submarginal band. ‘The usual nervular and internervular radiate markings cut into the black marginal and the ferrugineous submar- ginal bands, as well as the central yellow area. The strongly marked rectangulated band was recognized by Westwood when he placed 1467 under A. 10 in his list (see below). 26. 10.27. 9 = 1468. Between Meiaponte and Goyaz. “S. Joaquim.” “At the Engénho de [blank] 8. Joa- quim,” * Oct. 25-7, 1827. Submarginal spots very slightly developed. Bz.+ 26.10.27. 9 = 1469. Between Meiaponte and Goyaz. ‘S. Joaquim.” (As 1468.) Lower spot distinct, upper absent. 5. 8.28. g =1470. Goyaz. ‘ Caught by the rio Vermelho, near the Carioca aqueduct, by C[ongo].” Congo was the name of Burchell’s native servant. Lower spot well developed, upper absent. Upper surface band faintly indicated as in 1444. 29.4. 28. ¢= 1471. Goyaz.? Lower spot distinct, upper absent. Besides the addition alluded to under 1461, Westwood’s list gives two further specimens, one being caught on 13. 3. 26 at Rio de Janeiro, the other on 16. 11. 26 at Santos. The data of this species not only appear as A. 8, A. 9, and A. 10 in Westwood’s ‘f Acrea &c.,”’ but also separately on a small slip of paper. The first of these lists is in a clerk’s hand- writing and is not quite so complete as the second, though it correctly records two specimens of the date 18. 12. 26, while only one such specimen is mentioned in the other list. Most of the specimens of this species are included under the number A. 8 of the first list, and Westwood wrote oppo- site to it ‘ Acraea sp.” , 0 .as.shi daa csevscceesee 2Vearchaster, gen, -noy. new Genera of Starfishes. ai bd. Papule extending only one-seventh length of ray ; mouth-plates with comparatively few (5 or 6) marginal spines, regularly graduated in length toward inner teeth (fig. 2); dorsal muscle-bands stout and COTS MICUOUS ts Na tcig wd een w 8 hte a eh ena Myonotus, gen. nov. aa. Abactinal plates flat or convex, not tabu- late, and though frequently lobed on papu- lars areas, not strongly so, bearing a central spine only, or several spinelets in addition, or one to several small spinelets; supero- marginals usually with only one large spine, and inferomarginals with one or two primary spines; odd interradial marginal prominent and usually present in all inter- PAL SRE te AoW ne he he ENG Ore Benthopecten, Verrill. NEARCHASTER, gen. nov. Benthopectinide with the odd interradial marginal plate lacking in from one to four interradii, though sometimes present in all; not always present in both series of the same interradius ; abactinal plates large and small intermingled, the larger primary plates bearing on a low tabulum a long sharp spine surrounded by a circle of accessory slender spinules, variable as to number and length—sometimes over half as long as the primary spine ; secondary plates with a group of shorter spinelets ; primary plates of papular areas strongly stellate; papule not in circumscribed areas, but distributed all over disk (except sometimes the very centre) and along ray from one-third to three-fifths its length, being confined to either side of the paxillar area distally ; rays very long and slender; marginals extremely spiny--2 or 3 long sharp superomarginal spines and 2 to 5 infero- marginals ; subambulacral spines 1 to 3, usually 2, long; furrow-spines 1 to 7; mouth-plates large, with numerous marginal spines, those of each pair of plates disposed in three independent series ; the median teeth which are the largest and fewest, and on either side a series of 8 to 12 smaller spines, subequal or graduated in length toward the mesial members of the group; pedicellariz when present large, pectinate, on any or all of the following plates: abactinals, inferomarginals, actinal intermediates ; dorsal muscle-bands not attached to an ambulacral ossicle, rather weak. Type, Acantharchaster aciculosus, Fisher, 1910. MYONOTUS, gen. nov. Benthopectinide similar to Nearchaster, but differing in having the papule confined to the disk and proximal seventh 92 On two new Genera of Starfishes. of ray, in the comparatively few marginal mouth-spines, _ regularly graduated in length toward the inner teeth, and in the very stout dorsal muscle-bands ; marginal plates very spiny (2 or 3 superomarginal and at least 3 inferomarginal spines) ; primary abactinal plates of papular areas strongly lobed and in the form of tabulate paxille, bearing a large central spine, and a circle of small spinelets on the tabulum ; odd interradial marginals present in all interradii, the unpaired superomarginal not conspicuously larger than neighbouring plates, and its spines not larger than succeeding supero- marginal spines; adambulacral furrow-spines 1 to 3, long ; subambulacral spines 2. Type, Acantharchaster intermedius, Fisher, 1910. Fig. 1. Mouth-plates of Nearchaster aciculosus. x 8. 2. Mouth-plates of Myonotus intermedius. X 3. 8. Seventh superomarginal plate of Nearchaster aciculosus, from above. X 3. 4, Highth adambulacral plate of Myonotus intermedius: f, furrow- spines. X 3. 5. Abactinal paxillee of Nearchaster aciculosus. x 38. On a new Species of Temnophyllus. 93 VIII.—Description of a new Species of Temnophyllus, Brunn.- Watt. (Orthoptera: Phasgonuride), from the Malay Penin- sula. By W. F. Kirsy, F.L.S., F.E.S., late Assistant in Zoological Department, Natural History Museum, South Kensington. [Plate III. ] Dr. F. Hanirscu has kindly presented to the Natural History Museum a very handsome Phasgonuride belonging to the family Pseudophyllidee and the section Phyllomimi of Brunner. It was collected by Mr. V. Knight at Bukit Lantai, Sungi Ujong, Malay Peninsula, in July 1910 ; and at Dr. Hanitsch’s request I have much pleasure in naming 1t after the collector. Temnophyllus knighti, sp. 1. Allied to 7. speciosus, Brunn.-Watt. Mon. Pseudophylliden, p. 46. n. 1, pl. ii. fig. 13 (1895), from Malacca and Borneo. Head smooth, conical, white; antennee twice as long as the teomina, green towards the base, afterwards with long black spaces, and the latter half almost entirely black; scape whitish below, above green, with a slight tooth internally. _ Pronotum dull white, shading into green at the extremity, the transverse sulci only slightly marked, not so close together as in Brunner’s figure of ZT. speciosus; the longitu- dinal sulcus very slightly marked and obsolete in front of the first transverse sulcus; the surface is marked with small, scattered, reddish-brown, raised granules, and the deflexed lobes are strongly serrated at the lower extremities. Tegmina leaf-green, of nearly uniform breadth, the extremity broadly emarginate. On the costa is a continuous narrow white line, and at the base the inner margin and mediastinal nervure are broadly reddish grey for a short distance. Beneath the mediastinal nervure are three large triangular white spots, each bisected by a nervure, and bordered, except at the base, with black. Just above the base of the mediastinal nervure is another small triangular white spot, and there is another small one, of irregular shape, and enclosing a reddish-brown mark, a little within the middle of the inner margin, Wings about as long as the tegmina and similarly emarginate, green as far as visible. Front legs green, inner carina with four moderate-sized spines ; white beneath, with a broad black 94 Mr. G. C. Champion on new Curculionine stripe along the middle carina. Front tibiae with both thie lower carin spinose, and a spine on the upper carina beyond the middle. Middle and hind femora strongly spined on the outer caring ; the tibie with the upper and the two lower | carine all spinose. Under surface of body white; ovipositor with the valves broad, and black towards the extremities, which are obtusely pointed. Length from tip of head to end of tegmina 85 mm. ; breadth of tegmina 22 mm.; length of antenne 125 mm. IX.—Some new Curculionine from Central and South America. By G. C. Cuampion, F.Z.S. Since the publication of the Appendix to the Curculionins in the ‘ Biologia Centrali-Americana’ [Coleopt. iv. pt. 7, pp. 178-212 (Oct. 1910)] a few additional forms have been found amongst the stores at the British Museum, and as there are two fine new Zygopids amongst these insects, it is advisable to describe them at once, before the collection of this subfamily is presented to the Museum by Dr. F. D. Godman. ‘The Zygopids are particularly interesting, as they prove to be common to Costa Rica and Ecuador. HyLoBIINA. Hilipus carinicollis, sp. n. ?. Rather short, broad, piceous, the depressions of the surface somewhat sparsely clothed with very small, hair-like, ochreous scales, the prothorax with a transverse patch of broader, similarly-coloured scales on each side in front, a larger patch on the anterior part of the flanks beneath, and a few white scales at the base near the hind angles, the elytra also with several small widely scattered intermixed patches of rather broad white scales, these being clustered into an irregular transverse fascia at one-third from the apex, the scutellum albo-squamose. Head densely punctate, foveate between the somewhat narrowly separated eyes; rostrum very feebly curved, moderately stout, a little longer than the head and rostrum, sparsely punctate, smooth along the median line to near the tip. Prothorax strongly trans- verse, slightly rounded at the sides, and abruptly constricted and narrowed in front ; sharply carinate and coarsely granu- late. Elytra moderately long, broad, punctate-striate, the from Central and South America. 95 dorsal interstices raised and each with a series of small, smooth, shining tubercles extending down their entire length. Length 93, breadth 44 millim. Hab. W. Coast or America, ? Panama (Kellett and Wood). This insect was received by the British Museum in 1850, but not incorporated in their general collection. It was doubtless obtained at Panama, the type of Metamasius dimidiatipennis (Jekel\, a species known to occur there, bearing a similar locality-label. H. carinicollis may be readily identified by its extremely short, sharply carinate, granulate prothorax, and the coarsely seriato-granulate, irregularly albo-fasciate elytra. It approaches the Mexican HZ, cruax-alba. ANCHONINA. Anchonus sphericus, sp. n. Oblong, convex, opaque, black, the antenne piceous or obscure ferruginous, the surface more or less coated with a dark brown exudation, amidst which patches of very minute adpressed scales are visible; the legs sparsely setulose. Rostrum curved, stout, about as long as the head and pro- thorax, not constricted at the base, coarsely and closely seriato-punctate to the tip. Kyes small, depressed, traus- verse. Antennz inserted near the apex of the rostrum, the eighth joint of the funiculus large, a little broader than long, nearly as wide as the base of the club. Prothorax slightly broader than long, rounded at the sides, narrowed and feebly constricted in front ; rather sparsely punctate, the punctures small and each placed in a shallow, rather large fovea, the interspaces with a few minute, shining, widely scattered, transverse or rounded granules. Elytra oval, convex, at the middle much wider than the prothorax; with rows of scattered punctures, which are each placed in a large shallow fovea, the interstices with numerous, more or less distinct, rounded, feeble, tuberculiform prominences and a few minute shining granules similar to those on the prothorax, 3, 5, and 7 angularly raised or tuberculiform at the base. Ventral segments 1 and 2 on the same level, the suture between them sinuous and shallow. Length 9-10, breadth 44 millim. Hab. Nicaracua, Chontales (coll. Fry); Cotomsra (Mus. Briite\s ‘Two examples, the one from Colombia (taken as the type) 96 Mr. G. C. Champion on new Curculionine with the elytra more distinctly tuberculate, and the pro- thorax more uneven, than the insect in the Fry collection, the Nicaraguan locality for which seems to require confirma- tion. The prominences on the elytra are equal in size and less conspicuous than in the nearest allied Central-American forms, from most of which the present species also differs in its large size and in the trinodose basal margin of the elytra. The Colombian specimen is labelled with the MS. name A, sphericus, Buq., in the British Museum. Anchonus rufipes, sp. 1. Oblong, convex, opaque, black, the antennz and legs ferruginous, the surface more or less coated with a brownish exudation and also set with very minute, short, scattered sete. Rostrum stout, feebly curved, about as long as the prothorax, rugosely punctate to the tip, not constricted at the base. Eyes depressed, transverse. Antenne inserted near the apex of the rostrum, the eighth joint of the funiculus transverse. Prothorax broader than long, rounded at the sides, abruptly constricted in front; densely foveolato- punctate, the narrow interspaces here and there obliquely raised or granulate. Elytra oval, at the base a little wider than the base of the prothorax, moderately produced at the apex; with rows of closely placed rather fine punctures, the interstices subcostate, the ridges broken up into small tubercles on the apical half, and with a few widely scattered, minute, shining granules. Beneath coarsely puuctate ; ventral segments ] and 2 connate in their median third. Length 54, breadth 24 millim. Hab. Mexico (Dupont). One specimen, contained in the Bowring collection, purchased in 1863, and incorrectly labelled A. elongatus, Sch., in the British Museum. ‘This species is abundantly distinct from any of the Anchoni described or enumerated in the ‘Biologia.’ The ridges on the elytra, except towards the apex, are less interrupted than in most of the Mexican forms, the insect in this respect approaching A. panamensis; the tubercles, too, on the apical declivity are small. Compared with A. elongatus (the type of which I have seen), the present species is less elongate and has a shorter prothorax, with the sides strongly rounded, and the seriate punctures on the elytra are small and closely placed. From Cenival and South America. 97 ZYGOPINA, Cratosomus sextuberculatus, sp. i. Elongate-rhomboidal, broad, black, the elytra and under surface with a faint eneous, green, or bluish lustre; the prothorax with a large, transverse, anteriorly rounded patch on each side at the base, and the elytra with the base and a transverse postmedian fascia (becoming narrower inwards and not reaching the suture), finely fulvo- or cinereo-pubescent. Head closely, minutely punctate ; eyes very large, narrowly separated in @, a little more distant in 2 ; rostrum curved, very stout, moderately long, finely punctured, smooth at the tip. Prothorax transverse, rather convex, rounded at the sides, much narrowed in front, opaque, closely, minutely punctate, and with an abbreviated median carina. LElytra broad, triangular; coarsely foveato-striate, the fovex de- creasing in size towards the apex; the interstices convex to about the middle, 3 with a very large rounded tubercle a little below, and 7 and 9 each with a slightly smaller tubercle at, the base, that on 9 projecting laterally ; the apices each armed with a long, stout, oblique, spiniform tooth. Pygidium broadly exposed beneath in ¢,, narrowly so in 9. Femora sharply unidentate. 6. The median portion of the metasternum and of the first two ventral segments densely clothed laterally with long, erect, reddish-brown hairs, the Jower surface of the intermediate and posterior femora also densely clothed with similarly coloured hairs, Length 25-28, breadth 123-13 millim. (¢ 2.) Hab. Costa Rica, Tucurrique, 800 metres (Pittier: 93); Ecuapor, Cachabé (Rosenberg: 3). Two males, found in Noy. 1896, in the “ tierra caliente ”’ of Ecuador, and one female, received from Mr. Pittier, in 1897, from Costa Rica. Very similar to C. hoplites, Perty (=lacrimans, Gyll.), but with the elytra tri-tuberculate at the base and conspicuously fasciate beyond the middle, the metasternum and first two ventral segments clothed with long reddish-brown hairs down their median third in the male, the intermediate and posterior femora also pilose beneath in this sex. C. subtubercudatus should follow C. spicatus in the arrangement of the Central-American forms, Cratosomus biannulatus, sp. n. Subcuneiform, rather narrow, black ; the prothorax and elytra with a very large, common, oval annulus (extending Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. vii. 7 98 Mr. G. Meade- Waldo on from the middle of the former to the middle of the latter), the elytra with a common, rounded, smaller annulus on the apical declivity, the prothorax with an oblique stripe on each side anteriorly (as seen from above) and the whole of the flanks (a large spot in the middle excepted), the head around the eyes, and the base of the rostrum, thickly clothed with minute, fulvous or brownish-cinereous, hair-like scales, the under surface and legs sparsely set with slightly longer similarly-coloured scales. Head densely punctate; eyes very large, well separated in both sexes; rostrum very stout, curved, moderately long, finely punctured, smooth at the tip. -Prothorax a little broader than long, gradually narrowing from the base, opaque, closely, minutely punctate, and some- times obsoletely carinate towards the apex. Scutellum oblong, suleate. Elytra cuneiform, foveato-striate, the foveze decreasing in size towards the apex; the interstices convex, 1-4 for about two-thirds of their length set with scattered, small, smooth tubercles and then becoming flat on the apical declivity; the annulate portions of the surface depressed, the -humeri rounded. Femora sharply unidentate. Pygidium broadly exposed beneath in ¢, very narrowly so in ¢. Length 19-20, breadth 83-82 millim. (3 9.) Hab. Costa Rica (Mus. Dresden) ; Ecuapor, San Javier and Lita (coll. Fry, in Mus. Brit.). Described from four specimens from Ecuador. Dr. Heller, of the Dresden Museum, has also sent me an example of the same species, labelled as from Costa Rica, for determination, the habitat of which seemed to me to be doubtful at the time, and the insect was therefore omitted from the enume- ration of the Central-American Cratosomini. There is, how- ever, no reason to think that a mistake had been made in labelling, C. sextuberculatus having a similar geographical distribution. C. biannulatus should follow C. aspersus im the arrangement of the Central-American forms. X.—WNew Species of Diploptera in the Collection of the British Museum. By Grorrrey Meapz-Watpo, B.A. (Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) Part III. In the present paper are contained descriptions of some new species of the family Vespide from various localities. The occurrence of two species of Parapolybia in the - new Spectes of Diploptera. 99 collection of Hymenoptera made by Escalera in S.W. Persia is of much interest, since it adds considerably to our know- ledge of the distribution of the genus. The measurements of length, as on previous occasions, have been taken from the front of the head to the apical margin of the second abdominal segment, unless special mention is made to the contrary. All the types are in the National Collection. Eumenidz, Westwood. Prerocuitus, Klug. Pterochilus korbi, Schulz. Pierochilus korbi, Schulz, Hymenopteren-Studien, pp. 48-52 (1905). Pterochilus aterrimus, E, Saunders, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 403 (1905). A comparison between the types of these two species proves them to be identical. The locality of capture for both is Biskra. B. korbi has priority of publication by a few months, although the descriptions of both were published in the same year. Vespide, Latr. Belonogasier buyssoni, sp. n. B. pusillo similis, sed facie omnino ferrugineo, tarsisque nigris. 2. Ferruginous ; antenne, mesonotum, and segments 2-6 of the abdomen blackish; tergites of segments 2, 3, 4 of abdo- men with two whitish-yellow oval marks on the latero-apical margin, the marks on segment 2 being larger than those on segment 38, and the latter larger than those on segment 4. Femora obscure, tibie and tarsi black. Head and clypeus normal, the latter sharply pointed. Antenne short and slender. Wings hyaline, somewhat cloudy towards the apex, and golden-yellow along the costa. Stigma golden-yellow. Abdomen with the petiole long and slender, longer than the thorax; abdominal segment 2 with a long petiole and widening gradually towards the posterior end. Pubescence on thorax short, thick, whitish yellow. Total length 20 mm. 22 Hab. Iganga Busoga, S. Nigeria (J. J. Simpson). Col- lected for the Entomological Research Committee (Tropical Africa), 29. 11. 1909. 7% 100 Mr. G. Meade-Waldo on This insect, which J have much pleasure in dedicating to M. R. du Buysson, of the Paris Museum, is very similar to B. pusillus, Kohl, in general appearance, but may be readily distinguished by the absence of yellow markings on the face and clypeus and the totally black tarsi. MiscHocytTTARvs, Sauss. Mischocyttarus labiatus. Zethus labiatus, F. Syst. Piez. 1804, p. 284. no. 6. Polybia melanaria, Cam. Invert. Pacif. i. Cameron’s species, described from Belize, British Hon- duras, is a typical example of M. labiatus, F. IcariA, Sauss. Icaria flavopicta, Smith. Icaria flavopicta, Smith, Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus. vol. vy. p. 99 (1857) (Borneo). Icaria ornaticeps, Cam. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) vol. vi. p. 497 (Khasia Hills). The yellow marks on the head and mesonotum, by which Cameron says that I. ornaticeps is easily known, are present in I. favopicta. The type specimen from Borneo varies in no respect from specimens from the Khasia Hills, Burma, Tenasserim, and Sikkim in the National Collection. Icaria conservator, Smith. Icaria conservator, Smith, Journ. Proc, Linn. Soc., Zool. iv. Suppl. p- 180. no. 1 (1860). Polybia limatula, Smith, Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc., Zool. vii. p, 43. no. 1 (1868). I. conservutor, described from Dory, New Guinea, is certainly the same species as that described three years later as P. limatula from Mysol, the type of which, preserved in the Oxford University Museum, has been compared with specimens of the former from Smith’s own collection, now in the British Museum. Icaria festina, Smith. Icaria festina, Smith, Journ. Linn, Soc., Zool. viii. p. 90. no. 6 (1864). Icaria zonata, Cam. Noy. Guinea, v. livr. i. p. 61. Both specimens described are from New Guinea. new Species of Diploptera. 101 Pouistes, Latr. Polistes tristis, sp. n. Niger, fusco-ferrugineo variegatus, abdomine nigro; alis leviter infuscatis, cellula radiali fusca. ?. Black; scape entirely and flagellum partially beneath fusco-ferruginous ; mandibles, clypeus, cheeks, space behind the eyes, pronotum, scutellum, postscutellum, two longitu- dinal lines on median segment, the legs (with the exception of the coxe and femora above) fusco-ferruginous. Two small marks at extreme apex of median segment and on apex of first abdominal tergite laterally pale yellow. Wings fusco-hyaline, distinctly golden along the costal area, radial cell fuscous. Clypeus pentagonal, gradually widening from base, widest part at base of mandibles, produced to a point at apex. Abdomen normal. Clypeus and thorax finely punctured, median segment coarsely transversely striate. The whole insect covered with a short thick silver pubescence. Length 14 mm. oes Hab. Mombasa, E. Africa (A. J. Cholmeley). Quite distinct from any known species in the almost totally black abdomen. Possibly the two yellow marks on the first abdominal tergite may be the remains of a yellow fascia; in one specimen there is no trace whatever of the yellow marks. Polistes variabilis regine, var. nov. Ferrugineus, flavo variegatus; pedibus unicoloribus.. 2. Pale ferruginous ; pronotum along the front and hind margin, narrow transverse lines on the base of scutellum and postscutellum, a small ovoid spot on mesopleurz, and two broad longitudinal marks on the posterior face of the median segment pale testaceous. First abdominal segment (except for small ferruginous mark on tergite) pale yellow; abdo- minal segment 2 with narrow transverse apical band, abdo- minal segments 3, 4,5 with broad transverse apical bands pale yellow. legs entirely pale ferruginous. The whole insect densely covered with a short golden pubescence. Wings fusco-hyaline, slightly golden along the costa. Length 11 mm. PION; Hab. Cooktown, N. Queensland (D. Le Souef). 102 Mr. G. Meade-Waldo on A well-marked variety of P. variabilis, F., all the black markings of which are wanting. The pale testaceous markings are evidently the yellow markings of typical variabilis much reduced in intensity. The clypeus is ferru- ginous, not yellow as in P. variabilis. Polistes phillipinensis, Sauss. Polistes phillipinensis, Sauss, Et. Fam. Vesp. vol. ii. p. 58. Polistes nigrifrons, Cam. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) vol. vi. p. 412. Cameron’s species is from the Khasia Hills, according to his description. “ Himalaya” is the MS. locality on the label. Dalla Torre gives “‘ Japan” in Gen. Insect., Fam. Vespide, p. 71. P. rugifrons is a colour-variety of P. pihil- lipinensis, probably the variety mentioned by Saussure as “Tout ’insecte plus ou moins rougeatre.” Two specimens, collected by Whitehead on Cape Engano, Luzon, and deter- mined by the late Col. Bingham (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) vol. xvi. p. 444), belong to this variety. The median segment of Cameron’s type is too mutilated for examination, but, as far as can be seen, the transverse striation is very deep. Polistes tepidus, Fabr. Polistes tepidus, Faby. Syst. Entom. p. 366. no. 17 (1775). Polistes malayanus, Cam, Nova Guinea, v. livr. i. p. 60 (1906). A comparison with the type in the Banksian Collection makes it evident that P. malayanus from Manokwari, New Guinea, is typical P. tepidus. Polistes flavobilineata. meee ew Se Cam. Journ. Straits Asiat. Soc. vol. xxxvii. p. 102 ( Cameron’s species, described from Borneo, is without doubt a Polistes. 'The first abdominal segment is of the normal shape for that genus. It comes very near to P. manillensis, Sauss., from the Philippines and Borneo. Both species have the median segment only indistinctly trans- versely striate on the posterior slope. Polistes elegans, Smith. Polistes elegans, Smith, Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc., Zool. iii. 1858, p. 169 (2). Polistes simulatus, Smith, Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc., Zool. iv. 1860, Suppl. p. 180, new Species of Dinloptera. 103 P. elegans, described from Aru and Key Islands, is un- doubtedly the same as P. simudatus from Batchian and Morty Island. Smith notes after his description of the latter that it may be an extreme variety. Polistes acteon. Polistes acteon, Hal. Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. xvii. (8) p. 828 (1836). Polistes limai, Ihering, Ann. Soe. Ent. Fr. vol. lxxii. p. 145 (1903). A comparison between this species and the type of P. ac- tgon proves them to be identical. Dalla Torre (‘ Catalogus Hymenopterum,’ vol. ix. Vespide, p. 122) gives a reference to Latreille (‘Encyclopédie Méthodique,’ vol. x. p. 171, 1825) where no reference is made to P. acteon, and rightly cites Haliday as the author, though Latreille would have priority. In ‘Genera Insectorum,’ Fam. Vespide, p. 68 (1904), Latreille is cited as the author of P. acteon, evidently an attempt to correct the synonymy in the ‘ Catalogus.’ Polistes humilis, ¥. Polistes humilis, F. Spec. Insect. i. p. 461. no. 20 (1781). Polistes tasmaniensis, Sauss. Etud. Fam. Vespid. p. 66 (1853). Specimens of P. ¢tasmaniensis in the National Collection are certainly identical with P. humilis, F., the type of which is in the Banksian Collection (Fabricius, Spec. Insect. 1. p. 461. no. 20, 1781), and not in Paris as stated by Saussure. I have not seen the type of P. tasmaniensis, which is in Paris. Key to the Australian Species of Polistes. A. Large species, 18-24 mm. a. Colour totally ferruginous: length 18mm. schach, F. b. Colour yellow and black or ferruginous and black. a®, Mesothorax black, with two parallel yellow marks on disc. a, Scutellum, postscutellum, median segment, and first abdominal seg- ment black: length 18 mm. ...... tepidus, F. 3, Scutellum, postscutellum, two lines on median segment, and first abdo- minal segment at apex yellow: length, 21, MMs jcc n cs cena sine picteti, Sauss. b?, Mesothorax ferruginous; median seg- ment black: length 24 mm......... erythrinus, Holmgr, 104 Mr. G. Meade-Waldo on B. Small species, 11-15 mm. a. Antenne entirely ferruginons. a”, Median segment black. a®, Abdominal segments 1-3 bordered with yellow; no red markings on abdominal segment2: length 13mm. _ éricolor, Sauss, b?, Abdomen entirely ferruginous ; abdo- minal segment 1 with a narrow [ensis, Sauss. jv. apical yellow fascia: length 12mm. humilis, F. (tasmani- 57. Median segment with two parallel yellow lines on posterior surface. a’, Abdominal segments 1, 3 with trans- verse yellow apical bands. a’, Abdominal segments 1, 2 black at [ Sauss:. base: length I2 mm............ variabilis, var. syncecuss, 83, Abdominal segments 1, 2 reddish brown: length 14mm. ........ bernard, Le Guill. 6?. Abdominal segments 1-5 with trans- verse yellow apical bands; yellow thoracic markings indistinct: length [M.-Waldo.. pd: aes ys Alas ede baie da ote = variabilis, var. regine, b, Antenne black above, ferruginous beneath. Median segment with two parallel yellow lines on posterior surface; abdominal segments 1, 5, 4 bordered with yellow: Nerigtis ES wails ee hs Se ee eee eee tks variabilis, F. The length given is from the front of the head to the apex of the second abdominal segment. In two species (P. ery- thrinus and P. bernardii), of which specimens have not been. available for examination, the length as given in the descrip- tion has been quoted. In the case of P. erythrinus the total length (24.mm.) has evidently been given, and this is probably the case with P. synecus. No specimen of P. picteti from Australia was available, the whole series in the National Collection coming from Ceram, Amboyna, and Celebes. Vespa, Linn, Vespa wilemani, sp. n. Caput thoraxque fusco-ferruginei, valde hirsuti; abdomen nigrum, flavo variegatum, pedibus flavis, alis aureis. ?. Head and thorax dark ferruginous ; mandibles, clypeus,. aud interantennal space yellow. Abdomen black; abdo- minal segment 1 marked with ferruginous at base, and with a narrow apical yellow fascia; abdominal segments 2 and 3 with narrow yellow fasciz on tergites and broad yellow fascie on sternites; abdominal segment 4 broadly banded new Species of Diploptera. 105 with yellow on apical margin of both tergite and sternite. Legs entirely dark orange-yellow. Wings golden hyaline, darkest along the costa. Head as broad as thorax, moderately dilated behind the eyes, the transverse furrow on pronotum very distinct. Clypeus finely punctured, the anterior angles bluntly rounded. Thorax broad and short, abdomen broadly truncate at base. Whole insect covered with a long, dense, black pubescence. Length 17 mm. eee Hab. Formosa (A. E. Wileman). M. R. du Buysson, who has seen the insect, considers it to be very closely allied to V. variabilis, du Buyss., of which species the coloration is very variable. Vespa mandarinia, Smith. Vespa mandarinia, Smith, Trans. Entom. Soc. Lond. ii. p. 38, t. viii. fig. 1 (1852) (Japan). Vespa magnifica, var. latilineata, Cam., MS. Syna@ca, Sauss, There appears to be some difference of opinion as to the position of the opening in the nests of these wasps. Du Buysson, in his admirable “ Monographie des Vespides appartenant aux genres ae Fast Coast of the Malay Peninsula. By C. Bopsn Kuoss ........ XILI. The Anatomy and Classification of the Teleostean Fishes of the Order Iniomi, By C. Tare Recay, M.A. ........... taal XIV. A Description of Venus stimpsoni, sacs By A. J. Towns Si Browne, BA FRSS ILM. | Plate TV,).04 nice tapes ae vice ae XV. Notes on the Lamellicorn Beetles of the eau Golofa, with : Deseriptions of Three new Peete By Giiperr J. ARROW. Se ae 136 BS BIBLIOGRAPHICAL N OTICE, A Descriptive Catalogue of the Marine Reptiles of the Oxford es = Part I. By Cuarues WituiaM eet PRS. Sse ee PROCEEDINGS OF LEARNED SOCIETIES. _ — ae: Gedlopical Sopiety isc. eek ee eee ve vee Sheen ee eee ae te ae | zs Pk @,* It is requested that all Communications for this Work may 8 addon a post-paid, to the Care of Messrs, Taylor and i sie pee 7 Red Lion Court, Fleet Street, London, ee ais nee WITH FOUR PLATES. %, GSS aa - @ Vol. 7. EIGHTH SERIES. No. 38. 3 THE ANNALS MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY, INCLUDING ZOOLOGY, BOTANY, ann GEOLOGY, CONDUCTED BY ALBERT C. L. G. GUNTHER, M.A., M.D., Pu.D., F.B.S., WILLIAM CARRUTHERS, Pu.D., F.R.S., F.LS., F.G.S, AND WILLIAM FRANCIS, F.L.S. BEING A CONTINUATION OF THE ‘* ANNALS” COMBINED WITH MESSRS. LOUDON AND CHARLESWORTH 'S “ MAGAZINE OF NATURAL rg ee WITH THREE PLATES. 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Tay Lor and Francis, Red Lion Court, Fleet Street, E.C. BIOLOGIA CENTRALI-AMERICANA. Edited by F, DUCANE GODMAN. SUBJECTS IN PROGRESS. ZOOLOGY. Coleoptera. Vol. IV. part 3 (RuyncuopHora: Curculionide). By }. Suarp. (Pp. 1-168, pls. i—vi.) Lepidoptera Heterocera. Vol.1V. By Lorp Watsincuam. (Pp. 1-48, pl. i) The Price of each Part is 21s. London: Published for the Editor by Dutau & Co., Soho Sq., W. THE FAUNA OF BRITISH INDIA, INCLUDING CEYLON AND BURMA. Published under the authority of the Secretary of State for India in Council. Edited by A. E. Sutpiey, M.A., FLAS. Med. 8vo, with text illustrations. Price 10s. RHYNCHOTA. Vol. V. By W. L. Distanr. Tayror and Francis, Red Lion Court, Fleet Street, E.C. THE ANNALS AND MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY. [EIGHTH SERIES. ] No, 38. FEBRUARY 1911.) XVI.—Notes from the Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. An- drews—No. XXXII. By Prof. M‘Intosn, M.D., LL.D., Hones acc. [Plates V.-VII.] . On the American Syllides verrilli, Percy Moore, from Woods Holl, Mass. . On Nevaya whiteavest, a Form with certain Relationships to Sclero- cheilus, Grube, from Canada, . On the British Cirratulide. i. . . Onthe Cirratulide dredged by H.M.S. ‘ Poreupine’ in 1869 and 1870, . On the Cirratulide dredged in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada, by Dr. Whiteaves. . On the Cirratulide dredgedin Norway by Canon Norman, D.C.L., F.R.S, for) Or 9 bo eS 1. On the American Syllides verrilli, Percy Moore, from Woods Holl, Mass. An account of an interesting annelid, captured in the tow- net off the Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Holl, United States of America, was lately given by an able investi- gator, Mr. J. Percy Moore +, under the name of Syllides * In the last “ Notes” Polydora carazzi on p. 172 appears to be iden- tical with Mesnil’s P. caulleryi (Bull. Sc. France et Belgique, t. xxx. p. 88, pl. iii. figs. 12-16. This paper had been overlooked). + Proceed. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 488, text-figs, 1 & 2 (January 29, 1908). Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. vii. 10 146 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the verrilli, sp. n., and careful consideration of the description and the figures shows that besides the relationships mentioned by the author this minute form presents affinities with other types not mentioned by him. The annelid is minute, viz. 2°5 to 3 mm., and its breadth is ‘2to'3 mm. The prostomium is large, subquadrate, with rounded corners ; eyes 8 pairs, reddish brown, the first pair evidently less important (as they are rudimentary) than the others, which he behind, in the position usually found in Syllids, and, from the figure, the anterior pair of these has lenses. The tentacles are short, stout, and clavate, the median arising between the middle pair of eyes and the lateral near the anterior border of the prostomium. The palpi are “ small, mammiliform, situated on the ventral face of the prostomium and directed downwards,” nearly invisible from above. They have enlarged bases and short cirriform distal portions. 'Tentacular cirri of the shape of the ten- tacles, but they are supported by short cirrophores. The colourless body is slightly depressed, the segments increasing a little in width to the middle, the first seven (to the caudal end of the gizzard—eighth segment) being short, whilst the succeeding are longer and contain the gonads. The proboscis occupies the first three segments, is more or less cylindrical, with thick brownish chitinous lining, edentulous. The rim has a circle of ten soft papilla. The pygidium is small and bears a median unjointed ventral style and a pair of very long unjointed cirri. The prominent foot is uniramous on all the segments in the immature worm and on the first seven of the sexually mature. The dorsal cirrus is of the same shape and size as the tentacular cirri on the first three segments. The succeeding are more slender and tapered, with the tip often differentiated as a more slender and subu- late process, and they (cirri) increase in length toward the middle, again diminishing posteriorly, whilst they also be- come distinctly jointed or moniliform, though the author adds that there is great difference in this respect, some having the cirri much more distinctly moniliform than others, and ““ sometimes there is aslight but distinct alternation of longer and shorter cirri;” but these conditions are not constant. The setigerous lobe has a single spine, which ends in a rough flattened knob, is compressed and slopes inward from the salient dorsal angle. ‘The ventral cirrus leaves the setigerous lobe near the tip, is comparatively long, and usually presents “irregular constrictions and a more slender, blunt, terminal piece.” The setigerous process bears dorsally a single simple bristle, ‘‘ curved and slightly thickened distally, finely toothed Gaity Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 147 along the convex side, and slightly enlarged and bifid at the end.’ Beneath this is a fan-like tuft of compound bristles with slightly curved shafts and somewhat long terminal pieces which are bifid at the end and with a serrated edge. Further, sexually mature examples have after segment vil. a tuft of delicate capillary bristles which spring from the posterior base of the setigerous process. Mr. Moore refers the foregoing form to the Syllide, and thinks that it may be the species referred to by Verrill as having been taken at Woods Holl along with S. setosa *, and is perhaps the S. longicirrata, Ersted, of Webster and Bene- dict, but is not that species as described by European authors. From typical species of the genus he poiuts out that it differs in the small size and ventral position of the palpi. Mr. Moore’s careful description demonstrates the grounds on which the resemblances to the Syllids are based, yet there is another group with which it might be compared, viz. the Staurocephalide. The head (prostomium) is somewhat like that of Autotylus or Myrianida, with a median aud two lateral tentacles, the eyes being arranged like those of the Syllids and Staurocephalus, the anterior rudimentary pair being, however, peculiar. The absence of a median tentacle in Staurocephalus is a divergence, but in some Stauro- cephalids the tentacles are more or less ringed. The body offers little that is diagnostic in general outline, but the caudal region has a pygidium with a short median style, as well as two long lateral cirri, features diverging from the Staurocephalids, which usually have only the lateral cirri. The structure of the foot is, perhaps, the most critical feature in the comparison. In Mr. Moore’s form the foot is strictly uniramous on the first seven bristled segments in sexually mature forms and in all the segments in the immature annelids. In all ordinary Syllids the foot conforms to the uniramous type, having only a single spine and bristles of one character, the ventral cirrus often being fused wifh the lower border of the setigerous process, which usually has a different outline from that in Syllides verrilli. In the Staurocephalidz the foot, on the other hand, though there is but one spine, shows a biramous tendency in so far as the bristles are in two tufts, and the upper dorsal bristles diverge in structure from the others, and, in all, the ventral cirrus is carried far out on the setigerous process. To go more minutely into the structure of the foot of Syllides verrilli, the dorsal cirrus is proportionally massive * Rep. US, Fish. Comm. for 1832 (1884), p. 664, footnote, e. 1O% 148 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the for a Syllid and ends in a conical tip, and, with the exception of the three anterior segments, the organ is more or less ringed. It therefore differs from that generally seen in the Staurocephalide, though obscure rings are occasionally present in these, while in the form of the conical tip it agrees with that group (Staurocephalid), as it also does in the absence of the tapering form so characteristic of the Syllids. The setigerous lobe again has a conical process superiorly more marked than in the majority of the Syllids, yet it is not always present in the Staurocephalids. The tip of the spine terminates in a large flattened and roughened knob, a condition approaching that observed in certain Syllids, such as Odontosyllis ctenostoma, Syllis spengicola, &e. A striking feature is the occurrence at the dorsal edge of the fascicle of bristles above the spine of a single simple bristle, which is curved, slightly thickened, and flattened distally, and with a blunt bifid tip. At first sight this bristle resembles that found in certain Staurocephalids, such as Stauwrocephalus rubrovittatus. Further, the fan of compound bristles which follows forms two groups in the text-figure, an arrangement observed in certain Staurocephalids, the large size of the terminal processes and their bifid tips also resembling those of the latter *. On the whole, therefore, the structure of the bristles would indicate relationship with the Staurocephalidze as well as with the Syllide. In the sexually mature examples a tuft of long delicate capillary bristles arising from the dorsal and posterior face of the setigerous process occurs on each foot after the eighth. Such bristles occur in the sexual pelagic forms of both Sylhids and Staurocephalids, and have vo spime in either. The ventral cirrus, from its proportionately great length and slightly crenate condition, diverges from that usually found in the Syllide or Staurocephalide, yet it agrees with both in being borne by the setigerous lobe, and, as a rule, well outward. On the whole, then, Mr. Moore’s form presents interesting features of relationship with both groups, the shape of the head, the peculiar palpi, the tentacles and the proboscis, the absence of a dental apparatus, and the pygidium leaning so far to the Syllids, whilst the structure of the foot and its bristles recall certain features observed in the Staurocephalids, More minute details of the structure of the foot and bristles by the author would be useful in enabling a more precise view of its relationships to be made, * Fig, 2d. Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 149 2. On Nevaya* whiteavesi, a Form with certain Relationships: to Sclerocheilus, Grube, from Canada. Dredged at Station 52, Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada, 1873, by Dr. Whiteaves. A fragment of the anterior region of a form (PI. V. fig. 1) with a somewhat broad flattened body, a little tapered toward the front and rapidly narrowing behind the broad anterior region. The feet are deeply cut and have conspicuous bristles. Moreover, the second bristled segment has specially modified powerful golden bristles. The head has anteriorly a somewhat slender prow (Pl. V. fig. la), slightly blunt at the tip. From this a prominent and rather narrow median ridge (flattened vertically) passes. backward to terminate in a small tentacle at the second bristled segment. The central region of the snout, indeed, is somewhat spindle-shaped when viewed from the dorsum, as a dilatation occurs in the middle, followed by the vertically flattened posterior portion. This condition recalls that in Nerine, especially as the lanceolate lateral processes resemble the branchiz of that form. Part of the proboscis is extruded as a frilled organ. On each side of the median ridge ante- riorly is an acutely lanceolate lamella (which may be bran- chial in function) poimting backward and outward, whilst from its inner border a tuft of slender glistening bristles (Pl. V. fig. 1 d) is directed upward, thus forming a remark- able arrangement in this region, and probably representing the dorsal division of the first pair of feet. Below is a small conical lamella, followed ventrally by a second of similar shape, a tuft of bristles projecting downward, outward, and forward in front and glistening with a brilliant metallic sheen. The ventral edge of this foot forms a long rounded elevation directed obliquely outward and forward from the median line and apparently clasping the buccal region. The ventral division carries a series of rather stout curved bristles (Pl. V. tig. 14), with a hook at the tip directed backward, but considerable differences exist amongst them, some being longer and more slender. At the posterior part of the cephalic median ridge another narrow lanceolate lamella projects on each side, the base being somewhat broader than that in front. In the preparation it slopes obliquely back- ward and outward. The arrangement of these lamellz therefore recalls the condition in Spiophanes. ‘Their relation. ship to the feet may not be quite free from doubt. The next * Named after Nevay Park, on the Sidlaws, Forfarshire, 150 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the foot has in the ventral division four great flattened golden bristles with strong blunt points (Pl. V. fig. 1c) attached to the massive setigerous region, a comparatively large lanceo- late lamella occurring superiorly, whilst at the ventral edge is asmall papilla. In the developing organs the points are, as usual, first formed. The dorsal bristles form a row supe- riorly, and consist of bristles similar to those in front, though shorter (Pl. V. fig. 1 e). They taper from the base to the tip, which is very attenuate, yet they make a somewhat rigid pencil or fan. Both they and the ventral bristles are en- crusted with very small particles which obscure their minute structure. The next segment is narrow and has a broad though narrow dorsal lamella which is lateral in position—that is, lies directly above the foot,—and its bristles are directed upward in front of it. No ventral bristles are present in the specimen. The following three feet are similar, viz., each having a broad and vertically narrow dorsal lamella, with a bristle-tuft in front on the dorsum and a well-marked and increasingly massive ventral division, bearing a tuft of bristles the central series of which is often abruptly truncated below the tip. These bristles (Pl. V. fig. 1f/) are rather strong, straight, narrowed from the base distally, have a slight curvature below the tip, which is tapered to a fine point and feathered with a series of spikes. One of the stouter forms from this region is represented in fig. 1g. Behind the foregoing the dorsal lamella, which has the form of a vertical plate, moves further inward on the dorsum, and by-and-by considerably diminishes in size, as also do the feet at the posterior end of the fragment, from which the proboscis projects posteriorly. The dorsal bristles of this region (Pl. V. fig. 1 #) have long shafts and finely tapered tips. The head in this form differs from that in Sclerocheilus in the absence of the anterior processes and in the absence of eyes. No protrusible and ciliated nuchal organs are visible at the base of the snout as in Sclerocheilus. The presence of the caruncle with the small tentacle behind it also separates Nevaya from Sclerocheilus, whilst in certain features it approaches Nerine. The buccal segment in the latter is achetous. The second segment in Sclerocheilus bears dorsally and ventrally capillary bristles, and a little below (‘‘ au-dessus”’) the ventral papilla five or six powerful golden hooks, which De St. Joseph * thinks enable the animal to * Ann, Se, Nat, 8° sér. xvii. p. 106. Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 151 make its tunnel in shells. In Nevaya a fully developed foot with Jamelle and bristles occurs in front of that with the four great golden bristles inserted in the massive setigerous region. Moreover, no bifid or fork-like bristles occur in Nevaya so far as the single example shows. Both Sclero- cheilus and Nevaya present a remarkable development of certain anterior ventral bristles which must in some way be connected with their dwellings, whether in tubes or burrows ; yet the divergences in the position and structure of these organs in each case indicate noteworthy differences in function. In Polydora the great hook-like bristles occur on the fifth segment, whereas homologous forms are on the third foot of Disoma. De St. Joseph after a careful survey of the structure of Sclerocheilus concludes that it belongs to the Scalibregmide. 3. On the British Cirratulide. Four species representing the Cirratulide are given in Dr. Johnston’s ‘ Catalogue of Worms in the British Museum,’ viz. Cirratulus tentaculatus, Montagu, Cirratulus cirratus, O. F. Miiller (under the name of C. borealis), Aonis vittata, Grube, and Dodecaceria concharum, CXrsted. By De Quatrefages the Cirratulids were classified chiefly by the arrangement of their branchiz, which either occurred throughout or were confined to the anterior segment; but subsequent authors took into consideration the structure of the bristles and hooks, as shown, for instance, by Langer- hans, Levinsen, Claparede, and others. Thus two great divisions of the Cirratulids are made by De St. Joseph, viz. : (1) those devoid of large prehensile tentacles, and (2) those having such. Further, they may be grouped : (1) into those having capillary bristles in both divisions of the foot throughout, (2) those having only capillary bristles in the dorsal division and crotchets in a certain number of the ventral divisions, and (3) those having capillary bristles and crotchets in a certain number of both dorsal and ventral divisions. The majority of the British forms fall under the third group, such as Cirratulus cirratus, C. tentaculatus, C. bioculatus, Dodecaceria concharum, and Chetozone. C. tentaculatus is everywhere distributed round our shores from Shetland to the Channel Islands, and is abundant under stones on muddy and sandy ground between tide- marks. Such muddy sand, indeed, is often furrowed by them and their trailing tentacles, which stretch as orange threads in every direction ; and, besides, they are found in 152 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the various cracks and crevices of the rocks in the same region. The head (prostomium) is conical, and on each side, a short distance from the tip, an oblique depression slopes outward and backward, and from the point at which these converging grooves meet a ridge runs forward to the tip of the snout. Ventrally a deep groove leads backward to the mouth, which is bounded posteriorly by a thick transverse lip. In some specimens from Lochmaddy a little pigment occurs on the snout at the posterior and outer angle of the triangular anterior region, thus simulating eyes—indeed, the pigment is occasionally symmetrically arranged. In others from Guernsey and Herm a distinct band of ocular points passes from one side of the base of the snout to the other just in front of the constriction indicating the region. A. variety with a blackish snout is met with at Herm, and Dr. Sowerby forwarded some in a similar condition from the estuary of the Orwell near Ipswich. The body is from 6 to 9 inches in length, rounded on the dorsum, flattened ventrally, tapered anteriorly and more distinctly but gradually diminished posteriorly, where it ends in a pointed tail, the slit-like anus being dorsal, whilst in the mid-ventral line in some specimens is a small process like a rudimentary cirrus. Others show in lateraleview a process above and a little in front of that just mentioned, and some present only a large terminal anus with a rim and no process. Such variations probably indicate injuries and reproduction. The number of segments ranges to 800 and upward in a large example. Vertical lines of dark pigment occur in the sulci at the segment-junctions—from the fourth segment back- ward for some distance. On an elevated ridge which lies dorsally between the fifth and sixth bristled segments is a dense mass of tentacles on each side. The ridge is somewhat crescentic in front, straight behind, and the tentacles in the cluster number at least twenty. Hach segment behind the foregoing has on each side its branchia situated behind and rather above the level of the upper bristle-tuft, and this throughout the whole anterior region, to the number of about one hundred in large examples. The branchiz are more scattered in the middle and posterior regions, and cease altogether about the thirty-fifth or fortieth segment from the tip of the tail. After the seventh or eighth the bristled segments for a con- siderable distance are narrow, then become slightly wider, and again toward the tip of the tail are narrow. The remarkable spiral coils of the branchiz constitute a feature of the species, and contact with sea-water is apparently less Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 153 congenial to the animal than with mud, which at least enables it to separate the long coiled filaments. The peristomial segment is somewhat narrower than the two which follow, aud each of which has various transverse creases or wrinkles. These are devoid of bristles, hooks, or other appendages. The first setigerous segment follows the foregoing and is broader than its successors. The foot is represented in the lateral region only by dorsal and ventral setigerous processes, which bear tufts of capillary bristles. Moreover, near the junction with the segment behind and nearly on a level with the upper bristles is a long coiled branchia. The capillary bristles have somewhat stout shafts and long, flattened, tapering tips, with a narrow border of spines directed distally. The four or five bristled segments which follow are broadef than those next them, but all have the capillary bristles dorsally and ventrally. In the groove between the second and third bristled segment a second and smaller branchia occurs, the base arising a little above the level cf the dorsal bristle-tuft. The same takes place in the groove between the third and fourth and between the fifth and sixth. The branchize and tentacles vary in size according to the degree of development, those in process of reproduc- tion being small, whilst the older examples are thick. Al are minutely ringed, probably from muscular fibres. The strong hooks commence in the ventral series of the large examples from Plymouth at the sixty-second bristled segment, though they vary in this respect, some commencing at the forty-fifth, others at the sixtieth. The hooks are at first slender, but soon become robust, the neck curving backward and then forward at the tip, and probably they are the main agents in securing a firm hold of the burrow. Their appearance in the dorsal division is somewhat later, viz. between the ninety-first and ninety-fifth bristled seg- ments. In both cases the foregoing figures differ from those of von Marenzeller and De St. Joseph. The former states * that the first ventral hooks appear in C. tentaculatus between the thirty-third and forty-fifth segments, and the dorsal between the fortieth and forty-fourth ; whereas in Cirra- tulus chiajit the ventral appear between the twenty-first and twenty-third and the dorsal between the fortieth and forty- fourth. The variation in regard to the appearance of these structures in British examples of C. tentaculatus would also, as De St. Joseph observes, lead to some doubt as to specific identity based on this feature. An examination of two examples of Cirratulus (Audouinia) filigerus from Naples shows that in one the anterior tentacles 154 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Noles from the arise less definitely than in C. tentaculatus, it being difficult to say whether they are mainly opposite the sixth or the seventh bristles, whereas in the other they resemble more closely those of C. tentaculatus in transverse arrangement and they arise opposite the fifth pair of bristles. In both a branchia springs in front of the dorsal of the first series of bristles. The first ventral hooks occur on the thirtieth bristled segment on the right in the example first referred to, and the first dorsal hooks on the forty-first; whereas in the other specimen, with the groups of tentacles opposite the fifth bristles, the first ventral hook occurs on the nine- teenth bristled segment and the first dorsal hook on the thirty-seventh. These hooks are slightly less curved toward the tip than those of the northern form, but otherwise are similar. The bristles are also proportionally larger. A form approaching Cirratulus filigerus, D. Chiaje, from Malahide, Co. Dublin, obtained by the Royal Irish Academy’s Expedition, is smaller than the foregoing species and presents certain differences. It is 3-4 inches in length, but of similar shape, the anus being dorsal, with a short cone beneath. Immediately behind and rather above the first bristled foot is a branchia, and so with the three following. On the dorsal sulcus between the fourth and fifth bristle- tufts is a group of four or five slender branchiz. Behind the foregoing the branchiz occur on each side and are sparsely distributed along the posterior region almost to the tip of the tail. The crotchets (hooks) appear in the ventral division about the twentieth bristled segment, whilst they occur in the dorsal division about the fortieth. Their curves are somewhat more pronounced than in C. tentaculatus, and in the posterior region the ventral are considerably larger and stronger than the dorsal, The third form is Cirratulus cirraius, O. F. Miiller, which is generally distributed round the shores of Britain between — tide-marks. The head is broader than in C. tentaculatus, hoof-shaped, but with a slight notch in the centre, and with two well-marked bands of eyes sloping obliquely outward and backward. The body is 3 to 4 inches in length and has about 106 segments, more distinctly outlined than in C. tentaculatus, and their antero-posterior diameter is greater. It is rounded dorsally, somewhat flattened ventrally, where a deep groove runs from the first bristled segment backward to the tail, which ends in a point or papilla ventrally, with the Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 155 erenate anus above it. The colour varies from yellowish orange to deep madder-brown. Two achetous segments follow the prostomium. The fourth segment has a smaller sessile foot than the succeeding segments and bears two minute tufts of bristles which have the same structure as in C. tentaculatus. It also carries a series of proportionally large filiform branchial cirri arranged in two lateral tufts, each of seven or eight cirri of an orange colour, with con- tained blood-vessels. These coil and twist during the progress of the animal, and in proportion to the diameter of the body have a larger buik than those of C. tentaculatus. The following thirteen or fourteen segments bear branchial cirri, each arising above and slightly behind a line through the middle of the bristle-tuft. Some of these show a greater amount of blood than those in the dense anterior tufts. Here and there along the body a single cirrus springs from the dorsal arch considerably above the bristles, but the posterior region is devoid of them. On the whole, these cirri are much fewer in number than in C. tentaculatus, and do not show the remarkable spiral coils so characteristic of that species. The feet differ from those of C. tentaculatus in so far as they are more prominent and the dorsal and ventral divisions considerably closer—indeed, in some, e.g. the first, the bases, fused with the body-wall, closely approach. The first twelve bristled segments have only the simple flattened tapering bristles, the points being extremely slender, and the ventral are distinguished from the dorsal by their shortness and in some by their proportionally broader tips. The dorsal slightly dilate from the base to the middle of the shaft, then taper gradually to the very fine hair-like tip. Parasitic structures, such as alge, abound on them, and render them pinnate, besides winding round them. - The front edge of each bristle is mimutely and regularly spinous, the direction being distal. At the thirteenth foot a single crotchet appears on the ventral division. In structure the crotchets (hooks) dilate a little from the base to a point above the middle, where there is a slight forward curve, thena slight backward bend occurs, and again a forward curve to form the hook at the tip. This projects through a neatly rounded aperture in the cuticle, and is moderately acute in the uninjured forms. In the sixteenth foot three hooks are present, and four in the thirtieth. One or two bristles accompany the hooks. The crotchets commence in the dorsal division about the thirtieth foot, a slender sharp-pointed one appearing in the twenty- ninth, or perhaps earlier, along with the bristles, and they 156 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the continue to the posterior end, both divisions having a few slender tapering bristles, which are more conspicuous than in front. So faras observed, the hocks of the dorsal division posteriorly are slightly more slender and less curved than those in the ventral. A small form (young ?), dredged off Shetland by Dr. Gwyn Jeffreys in 1867, presents the peculiarity of having only two eyes, and the head shows less of a basal constriction than is usual in examples of C. cirratus of the same size. The complete tentacles of the fourth segment are of very great length, probably reaching in life beyond the tip of the tail, which has a ventral papilla similar to that of C. cirratus. The tenth foot has dorsally a long slender tuft of finely tapered bristles, whilst the ventral bristles are much shorter —the flattened tips being expanded like a “ bellied” knife, and then tapered to a fine point. The hooks by-and-by appear in both ventral and dorsal divisions, and their shape corresponds with that of the ordinary examples of C. cirratus. De St. Joseph* found that in the young of C. tentaculatus of 12 mm. the crotchets appeared in the tenth segment; but the structure of the bristles and hooks of this form differ from those of that species, not to allude to the structure of the head. Keferstein’s Cirratulus bi- oculatus t+ differs in the shortness of its tentacles, in the structure of the hooks, and in the nature of the caudal region, which has two cirri. Too much reliance, however, cannot be placed on the representations of the minute struc- ture of the bristles at that period. Dodecaceria concharum, O&sst., is common under the roots of tangles (Laminaria digitata), especially when these have a crust of Lithothamnion beneath them; occasionally in sandstone, as at the West Rocks, St. ane ews. In this the dull greenish head is more attenuated than the rest of the body, the anterior border being rounded, though capable of various changes of form. The colour is brownish red anteriorly, greenish yellow posteriorly, and streaked longitudinally with the red blood-vessel, Some have touches of orange. ‘They dye spirit green. The mouth opens a little behind the tip inferiorly as a Y-shaped slit in which the action of the cilia is marked, and with a considerable amount of dark pigment on the lips. The body is about an inch in * Ann. Se. Nat. 8° sér. t. xvii. p. 50. + Zeitschr. f. wiss. Zool. Bd, xii. p. 121, Taf. x. figs, 23-2 Bu A= Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 157 length, slightly tapered toward the snout and distinctly diminished toward the tail and more or less rounded throughout. The segments are 60 or more, and when the body is extended the anterior region is nearly as narrow as the snout. The tentacles are 12 in number, six on each side, arise on the dorsal surface opposite each other, and the bases of the pairs approach quite as closely asin Dodecaceria ater. They commence on the anterior part of the second segment, the first pair being longer than the others. As a rule they are of a pale green colour, with darker pigment at the tip, but they may be dull orange. A coiled blood-vessel proceeds along the centre of each, and the edges of the tentacle are often crenated, and when extended frequently show a dilatation at the tip, but no cilia. When sickly the tentacles assume a dull brown hue. The first seven bristled segments have on each side two fascicles of simple bristles which taper to very delicate tips. In the eighth segment the ventral division has a few of the peculiar bill-hook crotchets amongst the bristles, and at the tenth the latter only occur in the ventral series, whilst some show dorsally a few of the simple tapering bristles and about three stouter bristles, the tips of which have been abraded, so that an oblique surface remains. The typical crotchet or hook has a slightly curved shaft, which somewhat increases in diameter from the base to the distal third, then gently bends backward to the neck, where the dorsal line again has a backward curve, and then goes forward to the tip. The anterior curve, which at the neck is also slightly backward, is abruptly broken by a bold conical projection, from the apex of which the distal curve runs to the stout tip. It thus differs in all respects from the tip of the southern Dodeca- ceria ater of De Quatrefages. In the posterior part of the body the dorsal setigerous cone bears a few of the long slender tapering bristles, and one or two stout hook-like bristles bevelled at the tip and representing a modified type of the ventral series, for they present no enlargement on the anterior face below the bevelled region. The ventral division likewise has a bristle or two of a shorter type than the dorsal, which are con- spicuous in a lateral view from above, and one or two of the characteristic crotchets, the only peculiarities being their shortness and the more marked curve of the less robust hook at the tip. The conical projection at the anterior base of the curve of the tip is marked. In a young example 3-4 mm. in length, procured along 158 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the with young Arenicola, the little boring Sipunculus, Pholoé, and swarms of Polydora ciliata at the East Rocks, St. An- drews, the body, in spirit, is rounded in front, but the poste- rior third is more or less flattened, as in Heterocirrus. The colour of the two regions also differs, that in front being pale greyish, whilst the posterior is brownish red. The bristled segments are about 35 in number. The snout is formed as in the adult, with the mouth considerably behind, and the tentacles and the branchiz are well developed. The two rounded papille at the vent are more distinct than in the adult. The characteristic hooks show that whilst the flattened posterior region simulates that of Heterocirrus ater, the form is essentially different. No feature in Guernsey and Herm is more interesting in the littoral region than the abundance of boring forms in the coating of Lithothamnion on the surface of the hard gneiss, especially at low water. Amongst them is the next form, viz. Dodecaceria ater, De Quatrefages (which is not a variety of Dodecaceria concharum, which also occurs in the fissures of the rocks in long galleries curved in various ways). Langerhans * and De St. Joseph consider this only a variety of D. concharum, but so marked a variety, especially in regard to the structure of the hooks, merits in the meantime special separation. It may be that Langerhans had not the present form before him, for his figure of the hooks of D. concharum is good. The head of this species is rather elongated, like that of Phyllodoce, slightly tapered and smoothly rounded in front, and with two dark patches of minute eyes in the median dorso-lateral region, the snout in front of these generally being pale in the preparations, whilst that behind is dark. The mouth opens ventrally a short distance behind the tip of the snout, as in other forms, and not at the tip as De Quatrefages observes. The body is 1-2 inches long, rounded or slightly flattened in front, more distinctly flattened after the anterior third, and often forming a broad oar-like region posteriorly before abruptly narrowing toward the tip, which presents a papilla on each side of the vent. It is slightly tapered toward the snout and the segments throughout are distinctly marked, their antero-posterior diameter being larger in front than behind, though the first four or five bristled segments are narrow. The colour is of a very dark blackish green throughout, the tentacles being pale green, with a central * Zeitschr. f. w. Zool. Bd, xxxiv. p. 96. Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 159 red streak (vessel). It tinges spirit green, giving out a dark green exudation like dark specimens of Cirratulus. De Quatrefages thought that the buceal segment was in abeyance (“ L’anneau buccal a presque entiérement disparu’”’), yet not only the mouth-parts, but the bases of the great tentacles are close to the peristomium. ‘The large tentacles are prominent organs, with a deep groove on their ventral surface; and as the edges of these are crenated, they in all probability approach in function to those of Polydora and other Spionidee. Above and behind the tentacles is a branchia, and, as a rule, three others follow, each on the dorsal arch of its segment, and with a diminishing distance transversely between the bases. ‘They are of moderate length, and in some have a tendency to form curves and a few coils. . Behind the tentacles are indications of five segments, but whether the imperfect first of these should be regarded as an independent one may be an open question, The four following have dorsal and ventral bristles of asimple tapering kind, minutely serrated along the anterior edge. These and the next are all narrow segments, and differ in this respect from those which follow. The foot is represented by a dorsal and a ventral setigerous papilla, with a ridge between. The type of foot, however, changes at the seventh, where the characteristic crotchets occur dorsally and ventrally. On their first appearance these organs have a slight forward curve of the shaft as far as the distal third, where a back- ward curve takes place. ‘The shatt shows only a slight dilatation from the base upward for a short distance, re- maining nearly of the same diameter to the neck, where it bends backward and again forward at the tip (Pl. V. fig. 2 a). The latter in certain antero-posterior views presents a median rib and two lateral wing-like areas, but probably this appear- ance is due to the thicker tissue in the centre and the thinner and slightly expanded lateral regions. In lateral view the hollow of the distal hook appears to be scooped out like am old snuff-spoon, but there is no knob at the anterior base as in D. concharum. These hooks inerease gradually in strength though not in length in both divisions of the foot posteriorly, and their number toward the tip of the tail diminishes, but they are of proportionally great size, and. thus in contrast with those of D. concharum. Two occur in the dorsal and three in the ventral division just in front of the tail, but the number is variable. The alterations of the contour of the tips of the hooks weuld indicate that they have special functions in connexion with the tube, and 160 Prof. M‘Tntosh’s Notes from the their gradual increase in length from before backward corroborates this view. In some, when seen antero-poste- riorly, the tips are spatula-shaped, a slight constriction occurring at the neck. One or two capillary bristles, with a slight flattening of the tapered and serrated tip, accompany the dorsal hooks. Several procured at Guernsey and Herm in July and August had well-developed eggs. Moreover, an epitokous male more than 2 inches long occurred amongst the others. In this the anterior region of about twenty-two segments (exclusive of the head and six or seven segments) is modified, whilst the caudal of about thirty segments is not materially changed. The pigmented area of the eyes is perhaps a little larger, and the dorsal tuberosity of the head somewhat more prominent, whilst the tentacles and branchiz are normal. The whole of the anterior and middle regions are enlarged and softer, and have long resplendent dorsal swimming-bristles which in length exceed the diameter of the body. They are smooth, simple, tapering bristles with very faint longitudinal lines, and of a pale yellow hue, best seen by transmitted light, and their tips are remarkably attenuate. The anterior dorsal bristles are little altered, but from the eighth to the thirty-first they form conspicuous tufts on each side. This bristled region, with the head, is probably thrown off and discharges the sexual elements, whilst the unchanged and flattened moiety of about thirty segments reproduces a head and anterior region. ‘The fact that this example, which was not quite ripe, still occupied its tube in Lithothamnion would indicate that up to the period of “swarming” the oar-shaped posterior region and its series of powerful hooks would be of material service to the form, and, further, after the separation of the sexual region, if such is found to occur, the remnant would be ready for the emergencies of its life in the calcareous crusts and masses. The great size of the hooks or crotchets throughout, and especially in the posterior region, shows that the form is adult and that the shovel-shaped and abraded posterior hooks have been in constant use. In the dorsal division one or two of the tapering capillary bristles with the anterior edge of the tip serrated are present. The great size of the hooks in Dodecaceria ater and their special structure at once attract attention, especially when contrasted with those of D. concharum. A form (Chetozone dunmanni), which appears to be inter- mediate between Cirratulus and Chetozone, comes from Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 161 Dunmanus Bay. 11. 2. 92 in the collection of the Royal Trish Museum, The snout forms a blunt cone, with slight lateral notches which may indicate sensory grooves, and the peristomial segment is devoid of bristles. The mouth opens ventrally as a large aperture, having a crescentic groove posteriorly and a median furrow between the two lateral lips anteriorly. From the peristomial segment the body gradually widens to the eighth or ninth bristled segment, and then rather abruptly dilates into an ovoid swelling including about ten segments, when it again contracts, such being doubtless due to the mode of preparation. The segments of the anterior region are distinctly marked and one-ringed, and the feet are represented by lateral ridges with dorsal and ventral setigerous processes and a minute flat intermediate papilla. Anteriorly the feet present, as at the sixth, a long dorsal tuft of capillary bristles and a shorter one ventrally. This arrangement continues toward the thirtieth foot, when a stouter series appear—at first simply modified ordinary bristles with a double curvature of the shaft and a finely tapered tip, the ventral series apparently preceding the dorsal. Finally, posteriorly both divisions have the elongated and charac- teristic hooks. These have long, straight, finely striated shafts, which at the upper part have a slight curve forward, then gently curve forward to the sharp tip. The strize cease about the middle of the tip. They thus differ from the con- dition in Chetozone and approach that in Cirratulus. A species (Chetozone zetlandica) dredged by Dr. Gwyn Jeffreys in 100 fathoms in St. Magnus Bay, Shetland, in July 1867, appears to differ from Chetozone setosa. It isa fragment about 4 an inch in length of the middle and poste- rior regions, including more than sixty bristled segments, and is distinguished from C. setosa by the flattened body, the more hirsute lateral regions, the button-shaped anus, and the absence of the differentiated posterior region so charac- teristic of the species just mentioned. The broad flattened body has very distinct segments, with sctigerous papille projecting as conical eminences on each side. The posterior end seems to have been reproduced, about fifteen segments being thus added with the large button-shaped pygidium ; but the general structure of the feet remains as in front, and it differs from the condition in C. setosa, in which the modification of the crotchets in the posterior region is characteristic. Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. vii. tL 162 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the The feet at the anterior end of the fragment present dorsally a few very long and finely tapered capillary bristles and a series of broad flattened bristles, curved and faintly striated and with tapered extremities. They represent the intermediate forms ushering in the anterior crotchets of C. setosa. The ventral division consists of a few shorter capillary bristles and a shorter series of the same curved, flattened, faintly striated bristles, with tapering tips as in the dorsal division. In front of the reproduced tail the dorsal division has a few long, tapering, capillary bristles, the main series, however, consisting of long, stiff, curved, and striated forms, with a nearly cylindrical shaft inserted in the tissues, a constriction being evident before passing through the skin, after which it curves forward, and ends in the long, flattened, curved, and tapering tip. The ventral division, again, has shorter bristles of the same kind as the foregoing, besides a series of stouter crotchets, which have flattened shafts in- serted in the tissues and slightly narrowed curved tips tapering to a blunt point. This form, therefore, appears to pertain to De St. Joseph’s second series, viz., those with capillary bristles in the dorsal throughout and crotchets in a certain number of the ventral divisions of the feet, but the absence of reliable figures makes its relationship to known forms uncertain. 4. On the Cirratulide dredged by H.M.S. ‘ Porcupine’ in 1869 and 1870. A Cirratulid (Cirratulus tessellatus) dredged in the ‘ Por- cupine’ Expedition of 1870 at Station 50, off the Algerine coast in 7-51 fathoms, appears to differ from any described. It was probably procured by the tangles attached to the dredge. The head forms a short cone with a large lateral eye on each side just in front of the posterior constriction and the collar of the next segment, which, however, is connected dorsally with the head by a bridge. The mouth opens ventrally as a comparatively small aperture in the snout in front of the collar. The body is about 2 inches in length and fusiform in outline, the greatest diameter occur- ring at the anterior third, from which it tapers to the snout and more gently to the tail. It is rounded dorsally, flattened ventrally, though posteriorly it is somewhat compressed on both surfaces. The segments are narrow and numerous. Anteriorly the rings are slightly tessellated, after the manner of Scelibregma, though to a less extent, and this condition probably occurs throughout in the fresh or well-preserved Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 163 animal. A median streak occupies the centre of the dorsum and another the mid-ventral line. Apparently three ache- tous segments follow the head, the third and broadest being tessellated or crenate ventrally as well as dorsally, the latter surface being so broad as to reach the area of the next segment toward the middle line, the lateral region being occupied by the elongated scar for the tentacles, only traces of which are present in the examples. The outer edge of each tentacular area abuts on the prominence of the dorsal division of the first bristled foot, which occupies a dorso- lateral position, the dorsal divisions of the succeeding feet forming a well-marked oblique ridge on each side and causing the body to appear as if sheathed in the anterior region (snout and achetous segments). This arrangement is due to the greater distance between the dorsal and ventral divisions of the first feet, the oblique region including about fifteen feet. Thereafter the dorsal and ventral divisions approach more closely, the space between them, however, remaining distinct to the posterior end. ach division of the foot carries a tuft of long, pale golden, capillary bristles (Pl. VI. fig. 3) issuing from a distinct setigerous process, and no change in the structure of these organs occurs from front to rear. The dorsal bristles, as a rule, are longer than the ventral and are curved outward and backward, the length being less than half the diameter of the body anteriorly. Each consists of a long basal region or shaft slightly narrowed proximally, remaining of the same diameter for some distance, and then gradually tapering to a fine point. Posteriorly one of the dorsal bristles in each tuft is con- siderably larger than the rest, the tip stretching outward as a long delicate hair. The tips of all, indeed, in this region are very fine. The ventral bristles are shorter and slightly broader, but also have delicately tapered tips. The ventral setigerous processes and tufts are really ventral in position, for in the preparations they are visible only in ventral and lateral views. The structure of the bristles of this form distinguishes it from the Chetozone macrophthalma of Langerhans *, and, moreover, the skin of the species from Madeira is smooth. The Heterocirrus marioni of De St. Joseph + from Dinard has no crotchets, capillary bristles occurring throughout both divisions, but the ventral bristle is flattened at the tip and with a hair-like termination. * Zeitschr. f. wiss. Zool. Bd. xxxiv. p 98, Taf. iv. fig 10, + Ann. Sc. Nat. 8¢ sér. t. xvii. p. 56, pl. ili. figs. 62-64. 11* 164 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the A Heterocirrus (Heterocirrus gravieri, sp. un.) dredged at Station 29 off Cadiz, to the west of the Straits of Gibraltar, in 227 fathoms, in the ‘ Porcupine’ Expedition of 1870, appears to differ from any described. At this station, ac- cording to Dr. Gwyn Jeffreys, there was an admixture of northern and southern forms. The head is pointed in front and constricted posteriorly, so that from the dorsum it is almost cordate in outline. The mouth, as in allied forms, opens a little behind the tip of the snout. The body is about an inch in length, somewhat narrow and elongate, and slightly flattened from above downward throughout, the tail not being wider than the preceding region, and terminating in a pointed extremity with the anus above it. The colour in spirit is pale brown, darker at the tip of the tail. Ante- riorly the dorsal bristles (Pl. VI. fig. 3) are longer than in allied forms with the exception of Chetozone, but they become shorter posteriorly. A pair of tentacles occurs in front and a pair of branchize on each side behind it. The tentacle is darker, longer, and thicker than the others, though apparently not differing in external structure. It arises immediately behind the head and may be the homo- logue of the grooved tentacle, e. g., of Dodecaceria ater. A branchia springs just above it. The first foot has a distinct dorsal setigerous papilla and along tuft of simple tapering bristles which nearly equal the diameter of the body. ‘The ventral division has a similar though shorter tuft. This arrangement continues for some distance and then the characteristic hooks appear in the ventral division. ‘These (Pl. V. fig. 3a) are comparatively long and slender, with a slight forward curve. ‘The shaft dilates a little from the base to the distal third, where a slight backward curve and a diminution take place to the neck. The tip has an enlargement beyond the neck, then the posterior curve, in lateral view, forms a segment of a large circle and again points forward at the hooked tip. The anterior curve again is chiefly backward and then for- ward at the terminal hook. The length of the distal region in this hook is characteristic. A few bristles accompany the ventral hooks to the posterior end. By-and-by between the twentieth and thirtieth foot the hooks appear also in the dorsai division, one or two of these organs accompanying the bristles, which continue to the posterior end of the annelid. This species inhabits a firm though thin calcareous tube strengthened externally by grains of sand, foraminifera, and fragments of shells. The interior of the tube is perfectly Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 165 smooth. At one point the tube had been broken and repaired, but an angle on each side indicates the union. The tube had also been fractured in capture, and the annelid had doubled itself into the largest fragment—the head and tentacles being completely protected, but the tip of the tail protruded. This form has certain resemblances to the Heterocirrus caput esocis of De St. Joseph, but the absence of eyes and the structure of the anus and of the hooks indicate divergences. Chetozone A. A fragmentary form without snout or terminal region was dredged on the 3rd September, in the ‘ Porcupine’ Expedition of 1870, in the Bay of Tunis. In all probability it adhered to the “ tangles,” which the naturalists then used, after the time-honoured practice of the coral-fishermen of the Medi- terranean. The absence of the head and posterior region renders diagnosis and description imperfect, but externally it differs in certain respects from the northern Chetozone setosa. Thus the body is more rounded, presents no dorsal groove in the preparation, and the ventral groove is slightly marked, whereas both are usually distinct in C. setosa. The lateral bristles are much shorter, and though the specimen is a small one, the basal deep brown hue and the great breadth of the yellow tips, as at the tenth foot (for so all is termed beyond the bend at the end of the shaft), are diagnostic (Pl. VI. fig. 4). The broad terminal blade tapers to a long and fine point which is usually curved. Moreover, whilst they are somewhat brittle, they do not exhibit that proneness to split from the edge downward and backward as commonly seen in C. setosa. Accompanying the foregoing are a few narrow forms (Pl. VI. fig.4.a@). Although proportion- ally the crotchets should have been present in the portion of the posterior region attached, only bristles exist. The inserted basal region or shaft of the bristle is deep brown, curved and dilated from the somewhat narrow end upward, and is striated. Two fragments of the anterior region of a Chetozuneé which does not appear to differ from C. setosa, Malmgren, were procured probably by the tangles in Bono Bay, on the coast of Algiers, in the ‘ Porcupine’ Expedition of 1870. As no crotchets are present, a certain amount of doubt remains, especially as the bristles at the end of one fragment are 166 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the unusually long. The bristles are proportionally longer than in C. setosa, and their bases have a deep brown tinge. Besides the foregoing, two fragmentary examples (x) apparently agreeing with C. setosa occur, but as only the anterior region is present in each, there is doubt. The snout in one is acutely conical, whereas in the other it is retracted into a blunt cone, and reddish-brown pigment marks the origin of each capillary bristle-bundle, both dorsally and ventrally. Chetozone carpenteri *. The anterior region of a form presenting characteristic features was dredged in the ‘ Porcupine’ Expedition of 1870 in Bono Bay, on the coast of Algiers, in 25 fathoms. It also appeared off Cape Guardia, off Cape Finisterre, in the same Expedition. It is a somewhat larger and more rounded form and does not show the dorsal and ventral grooves of C. setusa. The snout (Pl. VI. fig. 5) is somewhat longer than in the common form and in one has a dark speck on each side at the posterior border of the prostomium, and these specks are best seen on the ventral surface, or from the front; the mouth opens on the ventral surface, a short distance behind them. The body has the usual fusiform shape, its largest diameter being about the anterior third. The bristles, which stretch from each side with an upward and backward curve, are proportionally longer than in C. setosa. They commence as considerable tufts in the first foot, the slightly yellow shaft being con- stricted about the level of the skin, and then the tip flattens out more in the shorter and less in the long forms, and finally tapers to a long hair-like curved extremity. The broader blades (Pl. VI. fig. 5 a) readily split in this region so as to make a brush-like appearance, the direction beimg downward and backward. The most characteristic feature, however, is the appearance about the tenth foot of crotchets in the dorsal and then in the ventral division (Pl. VI. fig. 55). In this foot (tenth) the bristles have attained great length, the dorsal being considerably longer than the ventral, the slight constriction below the long flattened blade being noteworthy, as well as the length of the attenuate tip. Those injured show the brush-like fractures already alluded to. The shorter forms have stouter shafts, and by a little modification the crotchets (Pl. VI. fig. 5c), which are still * Named after the late Dr. W. B. Carpenter. Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 167 thicker, are developed. The shaft dilates in its progress upward, then gradually diminishes to the slightly curved tip, which is rather blunt. At the twentieth bristled foot the bristles are still longer but more slender, and two crotchets are present ventrally, whilst dorsally there are four con- siderably stouter, and the bristles are very long, stretching far beyond the body. A considerable number of bristles occur ventrally between the hooks, whilst there are three dorsally. At the fortieth foot (Pl. VI. fig. 5 d) four large crotchets are present in each division—now closely approxi- mated, the ventral being shaped like a scapel set in its handle, with a slight constriction and bend at the end of the handle ; both shaft and tip are longitudinally striated. The dorsal crotchets still are the stronger (PI. VI. fig. 5 e) and the tip (or blade) is more distinctly curved. Four long bristles occur between the third and fourth (that is, toward the ventral edge) ; whilst ventrally two bristles lie between the first and second and two between the second and third. These posterior crotchets differ from those of C. setosa in their great size and in the absence of longer intermediate forms, as well as in their occurrence anteriorly. Chetozone Z. A fragment of the posterior end of a form not hitherto seen, and having the shape of a gradually widening and spathulate tail with the broad end posteriorly. The posterior border is bluntly rounded, with a median ridge dorsally and ventrally, the former curving downward to terminate in the ventral anus which has a peak anteriorly. The region in front of the broad tail is considerably narrower, the dorsal surface being rounded and the ventral flattened. The segments are numerous and narrow, and have dorsal and ventral tufts of slender capillary bristles (Pl. VI. fig. 6 a) of a pale yellow colour and nearly straight. It was procurved in the ‘ Porcupine’ Expedition of 1870, no locality being given. A peculiar form, which may temporarily be termed Cirra- tulispio, was dredged in the ‘ Porcupine’ Expedition of 1869 in 378 fathoms in sticky mud off the coast of Ireland. The mud contained fragments of foraminifera, coccoliths, and sandy debris. The head (Pl. VI. fig. 7) is bluntly conical and the sides of the cone slightly hollowed. A pair of slender tentacles pass from the bristled segment immediately behind, and therefore apparently posterior to the buccal ring. 168 Prof. M‘TIntosh’s Notes from the The body is filiform and elongated, probably 2-3 inches in length, apparently tubicolous, and it is imperfect pos- teriorly ; but at least two regions are recognizable—namely, the anterior with nine pairs of well-marked pale golden bristles, and the succeeding division. The first region agrees with the Chetopterids in the number of the segments (nine), and each foot has a dorsal and a ventral tuft of moderately long capillary, pale golden bristles (Pl. VII. fig. 7a} which have a slight convergent curve—that is, the dorsal bending downward and the ventral upward. Both arise close together in the tissues, then slant from each other so that a flat cone in the middle of the foot lies between them. The dorsal tuft is considerably longer than the ventral, but the structure of the bristles is the same in both. Each bristle has a long cylindrical shaft not differentiated from the tip, and gradually tapering to a fine point from its middle, though in the shorter ventral forms there are differences in this respect. No special differentiation separates the first region of the body from that which follows, and therein it differs from the Cheetopterids ; but the first segment of the succeeding region is three times broader (antero-posteriorly) than those in front, and its bristles are shorter and structurally different, whilst each of the two divisions carries a continuous row of stout curved crotchets without the differentiation between shaft and tip as observed in Chetozone (Pl. VII. fig. 7 6 representing one from the tenth foot). Dorsally are two smooth capillary bristles, followed by five or six crotchets with the tips produced into slender processes, and then a series of the stout curved crotchets with slightly tapered tips ending in a stout though more or less pointed tip. The arrangement of these crotchets recalls the condition in Chetozone setosa, bristles being also interposed between the crotchets in the rows. 5. On the Cirratulidze dredged in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada, by Dr. Whiteaves. Chetozone I. A fragment of a Chetozone (?), apparently the posterior end of a large form, was dredged at Station A. 6, 1872, by Dr. Whiteaves. The total length is about an inch and a quarter, The segments are distinct though narrow through- out, and the body is somewhat dilated in front of the tail, and then gently tapers to the terminal anus, below which a process with a median groove projects posteriorly. The Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 169 body is rounded dorsally, slightly flattened ventrally, and the latter surface has a median groove. Both dorsal and ventral bristles (Pl. VII. fig. 8) are throughout capillary, and little difference exists between the most anterior and those at the tip of the tail. This, therefore, belongs to the first series of De St. Joseph, viz., those with capillary bristles throughout, Chetozone setosa, var. canadensis. Stations 32-34—1873. In this form, which has a general resemblance to C. setosa, though the body is more flattened posteriorly, the anterior bristles differ from those of C. setosa, for example at the tenth foot in having a distinct curve at the end of the shaft, and the long tip widens into a flat blade (Pl. VII. fig. 9), which then tapers to a fine tip; the whole, however, is considerably shorter than in the typical C. setosa. The general arrange- ment of the posterior hooks resembles that of C. setosa, though the crotchets (Pl. VII. fig. 9a) are considerably larger and similarly alternate with a long capillary bristle (Pl. VII. fig. 9). It would be difficult to draw a specific distinction, however, from mere size. Chetozone whiteavesi. Dredged in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada, by Dr. Whiteaves at Station A. 6 in 1872. This species has much of the appearance anteriorly of Chetozone setosa, the snout being acutely pointed, and the tentacles and branchiz being similar. The body is rounded dorsally in front, then is somewhat flattened, and again is rounded toward the tail, which is only a little tapered, and has a terminal anus with two small rounded papille veutrally. The ventral surface of the body is marked by a median groove from end to end, whilst the sides are flanked by tufts of long capillary bristles from the front to the middle of the body, and by shorter capillary bristles from the middle tothe tip of the tail. This arrangement at once differentiates the species from C. setosa and allied forms, for their crotchets are conspicuous posteriorly. The gut shows through the integumentary layers in the region behind the middle— especially dorsally—the colour being dull pink. The bristles throughout are capillary, the dorsal in front (Pl. VII. fig. 10) being considerably longer than the ventral and stronger than those in the succeeding region. Both dorsal and ventral tufts are shorter in the middle of the body, and the disproportion between dorsal and ventral is less marked, whilst posteriorly they are almost equal. 170 Prof. M'Intosh’s Notes from the 6. On the Cirratulidee dredged in Norway by Canon Norman, D.C.L., F.R.S. The northern form, Chetozone setosa, was first found in Finmark by Malmgren and in Sweden by Lovén, and it is abundant in the Fjords of Norway, where it was dredged by Canon Norman. The head is acutely pointed and some- what triangular, with the mouth on the ventral surface a short distance from the tip. The body is about an inch in length, elongate-fusiform, tapering a little anteriorly and more gradually and distinctly posteriorly, where it terminates in a pointed extremity with the anus at the tip, which varies in acuteness according to the condition of regeneration, some being rather blunt after recent loss of segments. The thickest part of the body is about the end of the anterior third. It is more or less rounded throughout, with a tendency, however, to dorsal and ventral flattening. The segments number 70-90, and are narrow in front, but more evident posteriorly from the increased antero-posterior diameter. The surface is greyish in the preparations and is iridescent. The long tentacles arise on the dorso-lateral region immediately behind the head, and seem to be rarely present in examples caught by the dredge. They have the ventral and probably ciliated groove of other forms. The branchiz occur in pairs, one on each side, probably from fourteen to twenty in succession, and then at intervals to the posterior third. They are slender filaments, those in front being long and sinuous. ‘The first bristled foot occurs behind the tentacles and has a dorsal and a ventral tuft of pale golden capillary bristles,with a cylindrical shaft generally imbedded in the tissues, and a broader flattened serrated tip which tapers to a fine point. Little difference exists in the anterior region between the lengths of the dorsal and the ventral bristles, but after the twentieth, or thereabout, the dorsal elongate to about the diameter of the body, forming glistening tufts usually carried transversely in the pre- parations. Toward the posterior region stout, short, crotchet-like forms appear amongst the long bristles in the ventral and then in the dorsal division. They are more slender in the dorsal than in the ventral, and the dorsal bristles are fewer in number and more attenuate, only a brief flattened part occurring beyond the skin, the rest being hair- like. Moreover, the ventral bristles present intermediate forms, the shafts being three times the diameter of the ordinary Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 171 bristles, then a slight constriction takes place at the level of the cuticle, the tip being broad and more or less striated, but ter- minating in a long hair-like process. The perfect crotchet or hook is best seen in the posterior region of about fifteen segments, the shaft dilating a little from the soft base up- ward, then narrows about the level of the skin, from which a noticeable forward bend occurs, the long stout tip ending in a blunt point. The whole organ is striated to the point and somewhat resembles a miniature scalpel which has a curve backward (Pl. VII. fig. 11). The direction of these crotchets is at first slightly backward, but by-and-by they project transversely outward, and in four or five of the terminal segments they are directed forward—doubtless in connexion with their functions in mud or sandy mud. Cirratulus norvegicus ? A form dredged off Drébak, Christiania Fjord, in 80-100 fathoms, in 1879, somewhat resembles Cirratulus tessellatus in so far as the dorsal divisions of the anterior feet approach each other dorsally, and in some are raised, so that the spaces between the lateral lines at the base of the feet are narrow in front and gradually widen in their course backward. More- over, a considerable amount of dark pigment characterizes the anterior dorsal region and also occurs along the poste- rior lip of the gaping mouth. The head has the form of a small blunt cone, sometimes constricted posteriorly, and when the button-shaped proboscis is extruded, as in the majority of the specimens, it projects upward and forward, or, in complete extrusion, upward. The body is probably between 1 and 2 inches in length, flattened anteriorly, and somewhat rounded posteriorly. It is tapered rather abruptly anteriorly, but does not appear to be much tapered posteriorly, only a slight diminution taking place in the preparation; but such may be an incomplete specimen. It terminates posteriorly in a pouting button- shaped vent, which is produced ventrally into a process with a median fissure and a fillet on each side of it (Pl. VII. fig. 12). The ventral surface is flattened, sometimes with a median ridge and two lateral elevations, though in a few neither is visible. ‘The buccal and two achztous segments follow the head, and in one example each has a dorso-lateral frill, it may be from imperfect preservation. Every example presents two short lappets (or, it may be, the bases of tentacles) interposed between the converging lateral lines of the feet nearly opposite the first bristle-bundles. A series of long 172 Notes from the Gatty Marine Laboratory. slender branchiz project from the dorsal edge of more than twenty of the anterior feet, and traces appeared in some considerably behind these. ‘lhe anterior segments are closely arranged, but posteriorly they are a little less so, and the number is probably from seventy to one hundred, though no specimen is complete. Some had well-developed ova in July. ‘The structure of the feet throughout is the same, viz., a dorsal and a ventral setigerous process, each having a tuft of translucent pale yellow capillary bristles (Pl. VII. fig. 12 a), the tips being slightly flattened at the somewhat narrow base, and tapering to delicate hair-like extremities. ‘lhe dorsal are the longer, and they increase in length toward the middle of the body, and remain of considerable length posteriorly, where the distinction between the more slender and Jonger dorsal and the shorter and proportionally broader ventral is maintained. A curious series of coiled tubes (?) occurs posteriorly. EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. PLATE V. Fig. 1. View of Nevaya whiteavesi from the dorsum. The proboscis pro- jects posteriorly from the ruptured end. Enlarged. Fig. 1 a, Head and anterior region of the foregoing, still more enlarged. Fig. 16. Strong hooked bristle of first foot. x Zeiss oc. 4, obj. A. Fig. 1c. Powerful hook of the second foot. x Zeiss oc. 4, obj. A+] in. draw-tube. Fig. 1d. One of the first dorsal bristles. x Zeiss oc. 4, obj. D.% Fig. 1 e. Dorsal bristle of the second foot. x Zeiss oc. 4, obj. D. Fig. 1f. Bristle with curved and serrated tip from the ventral division of the fourth foot. x Zeiss oc. 4, obj. D. Fig. 1g. Stouter serrated bristle from the same region. X as above. Fig. 1h. Posterior dorsal bristle. x as before. Fig. 2. Bristle of Cirratulus tessellatus. X Zeiss oc. 4, obj. D. Fg. 3a. Anterior hook of the foregoing, x Zeiss oc. 4, obj. D4] in. draw-tube. PLATE VI, Fig. 3. Simple anterior bristle of Heterocirrus graviert, with minutely serrated anterior edge. x Zeiss oc. 4, obj. D+full draw- tube. Fig. 4. Bristle of Chetozone A, showing entire outline. X Zeiss oc. 2, obj. D reduced. Fig. 4a. Tip of one of the foregoing of less breadth. x Zeiss oc. 4, obj. D, full draw-tube. Fig. 5, Head and anterior region of Chetozone carpenteri. Enlarged. Fig. 5a. Bristle of the first foot of the foregoing. x Zeiss oc, 2, obj. D, full draw-tube. Fig. 5b. erase a (dorsal division) of Chetozone carpenteri, En- arged. > On Heterocera from Costa Rica, 173 Fig. 5c. Crotchet or hook of the foregoing. x Zeiss oc. 2, obj. D. Fig. 5d. Fortieth foot of the same. Enlarged. Fig. 5 e. Dorsal crotchet of the fortieth foot. x Zeiss oc. 2, obj. D. Fig. 6a. Bristle of Chetozone Z. x Zeiss oc. 4, obj. D. Fig. 7. Head and anterior region of Cirratulispio. Enlarged. PLatTEe VIL. Fig. 7a. Bristle from the seventh foot of Cirratulispio. X Zeiss oc. 4 obj. D, with full draw-tube. Fig. 76. Crotchet from the first sezment of the second region of the foregoing. X Zeiss oc. 4, obj. D. Fig. 8. Bristle of Chetosone I., Canada. x Zeiss oc. 4, obj. D. Fig. 9. Anterior bristle of Chetozone setosa, var. canadensis, from the tenth foot. x Zeiss oc. 4, obj. D. Fig. 9a. Posterior hook (crotchet) of the same. X as above. Fig. 9b. Capillary bristle alternating with crotchets. Xx as above. Fig. 10. Bristles of Chetozone whiteavesi. x Zeiss oc. 4, obj. D. Fig. 11. Boor of Chetozone setosa, var., from Norway. X Zeiss oc, 4, obj. D. Fig. 12. Tip of tail of Cirratulus norvegicus, unfortunately from a speci- men not quite complete. Fig. 12a. Bristles of the foregoing. X as above. XVII.— New Species of Heterocera from Costa Rica.—V. By W. Scuaus, F.Z.S. Syntomide. Isanthrene monticola, sp. n. Antenne with the shaft black on basal half and at tips, otherwise white. Body ochreous; palpi tipped with black ; black spots on tegule, five on thorax; black line en shoulders; dorsal and lateral black spots on basal segment of abdomen, followed by black intersegmental spots on other segments. Wings hyaline, the margins ochreous. Fore wings: the veins ochreous, partly irrorated with black ; black streaks at base of costal and subcostal veins; apex and tornus more broadly ochreous, inwardly edged with black. Hind wings : the veins and inner margin finely black. Expanse 34 mm. Hab. El Sitio. Sarosa mora, sp. n. Antenne black tipped with rufous. Body black; some blue on frons; whitish-yellow spots on tegule outwardly 174 Mr. W. Schaus on edged with bright metallic blue; a dorsal whitish-yellow band at base of abdomen, extending laterally behind. Abdo- men with two rows of metallic-blue spots above and a row of sublateral spots ; a white band below beyond base ; legs black spotted with blue; tarsi ochreous. Wings hyaline. Fore wings faintly tinged with brown ; veins, terminal dashes between veins, outer half of inner margin, and the outer margin black; base of inner margin and costal mar- gin reddish brown; the discocellular reddish brown ; some bright blue metallic scales at base. Hind wings: the veins, outer margin narrowly, and a broader space at anal angle black. Expanse 34 mm. Hab. El Sitio, Sixola. Loxophlebia egregia, sp. n. Palpi and head black; frons white; a white spot on vertex. Body red; thorax medially black; abdomen dorsally black on three basal segments; last segment and anus black ; coxe roseate buff; legs outwardly black, inwardly roseate buff. Wings hyaline; veins and margins narrowly black, wider at apices and tornus; base of fore wings and inner margins of hind wings red. Expanse 21 mm. Hab. Guapiles. Mesothen temperata, sp. n. Antenne black, irrorated with white before tip. Palpi and head black; the frons white. Collar black in front, yellow behind. Thorax black ; patagiadeep yellow. Abdo- men deep yellow; a black dorsal spot on first segment ; a large similar dorsal space on following three segments extend- ing laterally, and shot with steel-blue ; the last two segments black, shot with steel-blue; a lateral black band on seg- ments 2-4; ventral valve black except at base. Thorax below yellow. Legs: femora yellow; fore and hind tibiz and tarsi black; hind tibia and tarsi yellow, only black at joints. Wings hyaline: the veins and margins black, fore wings: the tornus and apex broadly black ; a yellow streak medially on subcostal; a black spot on discocellular. Hind wings: the costal margin medially yellow. Exxpanse 29 mm. Hab. Juan Vinas. Hleterocera from Costa Rica. 175 Mesothen montana, sp. n. Antenne black. Head, collar, and thorax dark brown. Abdomen yellow; two rows of black dorsal spots on seg- ments 2-6. Thorax below dark brown. Legs yellow; tarsi and part of hind tibie dark brown. Wings hyaline; the veins and margins narrowly dark brown, widening at apices ; the discocellular of fore wings broadly blackish brown. Expanse 39 mm. Hab. Volcano Poas, 7000 ft. Mesothen ethela, sp. n. Palpi brown. Head black; frons white; small white spots behind antenne. Collar and thorax dark brown, patagia black; large white spots on shoulders. Abdomen bright yellow, terminally black. Fore legs brown, coxe white; hind legs outwardly black, inwardly buff. Wings hyaline, the veins and margins brown. Fore wings: apex and tornus more broadly brown, a small white spot at base of subcostal vein. Expanse 28 mm. Hab. Sixola. Chrostosoma sitiona, sp. n. Palpi, antennz, and head black. Body yellow, the abdo- men terminally black. Legs black, coxe yellow. Wings hyaline ; veins and inner margins finely black; apices very broadly black. Fore wings: the costal and outer margin rather broadly black ; some yellow at base. Expanse 29 mm. fab. Hl Sitio. Cosmosoma nobilis, sp. n. Antenne, palpi, and head black; the frons metallic blue. Collar black with metallic-blue spots. Thorax black ; some dorsal blue scales; a large opalescent blue spot on meta- thorax. Abdomen black ; the segments posteriorly narrowly yellow ; lateral transverse blue lines and sublateral blue spot ; the last two segments metallic blue ; two opalescent spots dorsally on frst segment. Legs black irrorated with blue. The wings hyaline ; veins and margins black, broadly at apices. Fore wings: a large black spot at end of cell; the base of costal margin and below cell with metallic-blue scales. Fore wings below: the basal third of costa streaked 176 Mr. W. Schaus on with blue; some blue scales below cell at base. Hind wings below: the basal half of costal margin streaked with,blue extending into cell. Expanse 44 millim. Hab. Juan Vinas. Cosmosoma guapila, sp. n. Antenne and body black; palpi irrorated with white in front ; metallic-blue spots on frons, vertex, collar, shoulders, and patagia anteriorly ; paired spots on metathorax ; dorsal and lateral blue spots on abdomen ; transverse creamy-buff streak on third and fourth segments; anal segment orange- red; ventral valve banded with white; coxe white; legs black, irrorated with metallic blue at joints; fore tibia streaked with white; hind tarsi partly whitish. Wings pale brownish hyaline; the veins and margins finely black ; metallic-blue spots at base of fore wings. Hind wings: the basal half of costa and cell creamy buff; the inner margin broadly black. Expanse 29 mm. flab. Guapiles. Allied to C. beatriz, Dr., but much smaller. Cosmosoma cinctuta, sp. n. @. Antenne and palpi black. Head black, irrorated with blue on vertex; some white on frons. Tegulz and patagia orange edged with black. Thorax black, irrorated with blue behind. Abdomen: basal segment orange, divided by a black dorsal line, ochreous black with two rows of blue spots, and dorsal blue spots obsolescent on segments 3 and 4; two small orange spots on fourth segment. Legs orange, partly streaked with black. Wings hyaline, the veins and margins black. Fore wings: the apex more broadly black ; an orange streak on costa from base to black apical portion ; some orange on base of inner margin. Hind wings: some orange at base of inner margin. Expanse 30 mm. Hab. Juan Vinas. Allied to C. saron, Druce. Cosmosoma rubritarsis, sp. ne. Antenne black, tipped with white. Palpi, head, and thorax black ; some dark blue on frons and vertex. Abdomen above crimson; a dorsal black line expanding on_ basal Fleterocera from Costa Rica. 177 segment ; last two segments black with small blue spots ; three triangular black lateral spots, partly irrorated with blue; underneath black. Coxe and legs red, the latter outwardly streaked with black; tarsi red. Wings hyaline, the veins and margins black. Fore wings: the apex more broadly black ; a narrow black spot on discocellular. Expanse 38 mm. Hab. Guapiles. Cosmosoma colona, sp. n. Antenne black, irrorated with white at tips. Body black: frons, tegule, and patagia shaded with dark metallic blue. Abdomen with transverse dark blue lines interrupted dorsally ; the last two segments vermilion-red ; a lateral white spot on first segment; white spots at base of mid and hind coxe. Legs streaked with dark blue. Wings hyaline, the veins and margins black. Fore wings: the apex broadly black; a black streak on discocellular. Hind wings: the inner margin broadly black. Hixpanse 33 mm. Hab. Sixola. Cosmosoma angustimargo, sp. ne Antennze, head, collar, thorax, and last two segments of abdomen black ; abdomen otherwise bright yellow; frons laterally white; a white spot laterally behind eyes; a few white scales on vertex. Legs dark brown ; fore coxe streaked with white. Wings hyaline, the veins and margins narrowly black, widening at apices. Fore wing: the discocellular angled, finely black ; a white spot at base, followed by a similar white spot. Expanse, 3 29 mm. Expanse, 2? 37 mm. Hab. Juan Vinas. Cosmosoma impudica, sp. 0. Antenne, pectus, legs, palpi, and head black; two white spots on frons. Collar, thorax, and abdomen bright yellow. Wings hyaline, the veins and margins black. Fore wings: the base yellow; an inwardly angled black spot on disco- cellular ; the terminal band wider at apex and at tornus. Hind wing: the inner margin and apex more broadly black. Expanse 37 mm. Hab. Juan Vinas, El Sitio. Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. vii. 12 178 Mr. W. Schaus ov Differs from C. pudica, Druce, in having no black terminally on abdomen. Holophea gentilicia, sp. n. &. Antenne and abdomen above black, some blue on anal segment. Frons dark brown, irrorated with metallic blue. Vertex, collar, and thorax red. Body below and legs black- brown. Fore wings dark brown; the base of costa and below cell red. Hind wings similar dark brown; a blackish area below cell. Expanse 30 mm. The female has less red at base of fore wings, and the last three segments of abdomen are blue-black. Expanse 31 mm. Hab. Juan Vinas, Tuis. Psilopleura dolens, sp. n. g. Antenne and body black ; red spots on shoulders and patagia. Wings smoky hyaline; the veins and margins blackish, widest at apices and on inner margin and anal angle of hind wings. Expanse, ¢ 22 mm. Expanse, ? 25 mm. Hab. Sixola. Saurita latens, sp. n. gd. Antenne and body black; a red spot on shoulders and a small red dorsal spot at base of abdomen ; fore tibiz inwardly buff. Wings black-brown, the veins darker. Expanse, ¢ 25 mm. Expanse, 2? 30 mm. Hab. Juan Vinas, El Sitio. Saurita rubripuncta, sp. n. 9. Antenne black, irrorated with white at apex. Body black ; metallic-blue spots on frons, vertex, tegule, and metathorax ; metallic streaks on thorax and patagia; lateral spots on abdomen ; a transverse red streak at base of abdomen; sublateral white spots on two basal segments; base of abdomen below shot with dark green; basal seg- ments fringed with white and followed by a large white spot ; cox white. Wings hyaline, the veins black. Fore wings: the base black with a crimson spot; a broad transverse Heterocera from Costa Rica. Ta median black band suffusing with the more broadly black inner margin at tornus; the apex broadly black, especially above vein 5. Hind wings: the outer margin narrowly black, the apex broadly black. Underneath with a crimson spot at base of both wings. Expanse 29 mm. Hab. Sixola, Banana River. Saurtta diffusa, sp. n. 3. Antennz and body black; metallic-green patches on frons, behind antenna, on tegule, metathorax, and lateral and sublateral spots on abdomen; shoulders crimson; a dorsal crimson spot on base of abdomen ; fore coxe metallic green. Fore wings blackish brown, the veins black. Hind wings very broad, black; the costal margin broadly dark greyish buff. Expanse 29 mm. The female similar, but rather lighter brown; the hind wings normal, fuscous. Hxpanse 30 mm. Hab. Juan Vinas, El Sitio, Tuis. Saurita submacula, sp. n. Antenne black. Body and wings dark brown; a few blue scales on frons, on tegule outwardly, and on meso- thorax ; a large crimson spot on patagia. Fore wings: some blue scales at base of costa and cell. Hind wings: a buff streak and a small patch of roseate scales at base below cell. Wings below: a red space at base of hind wings, narrower below cell and not reaching inner margin. Expanse 36 mm. Hab. Lia Laguna. Argyraides notha, sp. n. Antenne, head, collar, thorax, and first segment of abdo- men black; frons white. Abdomen: second segment constricted, unscaled, otherwise dark brownish green above; laterally roseate, meeting ventrally on last two segments ; roseate band ventrally on segments 3-5; segments 1 and 2 white below. Thorax below and legs black ; femora and some lateral spots white; a crimson streak on fore tibiz. Wings hyaline; the veins and margins narrowly black. Fore wings: a hyaline streak at base of costal margin; a crimson basal spot; a small crimson spot terminally below 12* 180 Mr. W. Schaus on vein 2. Hind wings: the apex and inner margin more broadly black. Expanse 25 mm. Hab. Juan Vinas. Argyreides spectrum, sp. n. Antenne reddish brown, the pectinations black. Body above black ; a transverse buff streak behind metathorax. Abdomen : a lateral white streak on three basal segments ; a ventral white streak. Thorax below with some white streaks. Legs light brown. Wings hyaline. Fore wings: the veins, base of inner margin, outer half of costal margin, and cilia light reddish brown; the outer margin from above vein 4 to apex narrowly dark brown, irrorated with light reddish brown. Hind wings: the outer margin from before vein 8 to apex broadly dark brown. Expanse 28 mm. Hab. Volcano Poas. Chrysostola mellita, sp. n. Palpi, head, collar, and thorax black ; opalescent lilacine purple spots on vertex and tegule in front. Abdomen : first segment above black, mixed with yellow hairs dorsally; segments 2-5 yellow ; last segments black, shot with lilacine purple ; underneath yellow, except last two segments, which are black. Thorax below and legs yellow; tarsi black. Wings hyaline. Fore wings: the basal half of costal mar- gin and veins, also inner margin to near tornus, yellow, irrorated with black at base; the outer half of veins and margins otherwise finely black ; the apex broadly black; a black streak on discocellular. Hind wings: costal margin, veins, and inner margin yellow, the latter with some fuscous hairs; the apex broadly black, narrowing to vein 2; the veins black close to black area. Hxpanse 30 mm. Hab. Sixola. Ficdemus obscuratum, sp. n. Palpi ochreous and white at base, otherwise black, streaked with white in front; some ochreous below and at sides of eyes. Antenne black, irrorated with white at tips. Collar and thorax black. Abdomen blue-black above, white ven- trally ; coxes white; some whitish streaks on legs. Fore wings black, the veins distinct ; a hyaline streak above and below median vein, with short streaks between veins 2-5, Fleterocera frum Costa Rica. 181 all thinly irrorated with black scales. Hind wings hyaline white ; the veins, costal margin, and outer margins blackish. Expanse 25 mm. Hab. Guapiles. Antichloris puriscal, sp. n. Palpi black, streaked with white in front. Shaft of antenne dark green, the pectinations black. Head black and dark green, with red patches below at sides. Collar dark green. Thorax black, the patagia streaked with dark green. Abdomen black; basal segment dorsally blue-green, a bright green dorsal stripe and duller green lateral stripes ; a sublateral white line. Legs black-green, inwardly streaked with buff; fore coxee white. Wings velvety black. Fore wings: green streaks at base on subcostal, and above and below submedian; the apex white. Hind wings: the costal margin broadly silky grey-white. Expanse 36 mm. Hab. Puriscal Mts. Aclytia albistriga, sp. n. Palpi ochreous at base, otherwise grey-black, fringed with grey in front and whitish behind. Head, collar, and thorax black ; white streaks on frons and patagia ; ochreous spots on head behind, and ochreous scales on tegule outwardly. Abdomen metallic blue above, black sublaterally, white ventrally. Legs grey, streaked with white. Fore wings black-brown ; a greyish-blue patch at base of inner margin ; an oblique white fascia from below costa beyond middle to just above tornus. Hind wings blue-black; a hyaline streak from base below cell, including lower portion of cell outwardly and a little beyond cell; a slight hyaline streak at base of inner margin. Expanse 32mm. 4 Hab. Guapiles. Agyrta conspicua, sp. n. 3. Palpi red tipped with black. Antenne black. Head crimson. Body above dark blue ; a fine dorsal whitish line on abdomen; underneath irrorated with white. Legs black, streaked with white and blue; fore coxze white. Wings and veins blue-black, the costal and inner margins shot with brilliant blue. Fore wings: a large hyaline space in and below cell, outcurved at vein 4 to near outer margin at vein 2. Hind wings: a broad hyaline streak 182 Mr. W. Schaus on from base through lower part of cell and below it to near oufer margin. Expanse 45 mm. Hab. Tuis. Lucereon relegatum, sp. n. Palpi ochreous brown at base, otherwise black. Head, collar, and thorax black; a brown line from behind antennz across tegule; tegule dorsally and patagia edged with brown ; shoulders brown; brown hairs on metathorax. Abdomen black above, laterally orange, expanding terminally and leaving only a dorsal black line ; anus black; under- neath yellowish white except on last segment. Legs black, streaked with buff. Fore wings greyish, the veins and inner margin dark brown, the former edged with lighter brown ; oval black spots edged with buff, two basal, three antemedial from below cell, two medial above and below submedian ; a long fuscous spot on costa extending across cell but shorter basally ; two fuscous spots at end of cell and others beyond between the veins and on costa, the spot above vein 2 largest and suffusing with subterminal spot; subterminal fuscous spots, smallest between veins 3 and 5; terminal fuscous spots between the veins. Hind wings white, semi- hyaline; the veins light brown; the margins narrowly fuscous. Expanse 42 mm. Hab. Cartago, Juan Vinas, Avangarez. This species is the Central American form of EF. setosum, Sepp. Correbia semitransversa, sp. 0. 6. Palpi black, streaked below with ochreous brown. Frons black. Vertex and collar ochreous brown with a black medial streak. Thorax black; the patagia anteriorly ochreous brown. Abdomen black; a lateral stripe and ventrally except last-two segments ochreous brown. Fore wings ochreous brown; a medial black band from costa to submedian ; a black space at apex streaked with steel-grey, the inner edge outbent below 5 and narrowing to vein 2. Hind wing semihyaline fuscous ; the veins and outer margin black ; the costal margin yellow except at apex and with some medial black marks. Expanse 39 mm. Hab. Juan Vinas. Allied to C. obtusa, Druce. Heterocera from Costa Rica. 183 Correbidia costinotata, sp. n. Palpi fulvous yellow, tipped and streaked above with black. Antenne and frons black. Vertex, collar, and thorax fulvous yellow with a black central streak. Legs black; coxee and base of femora fulvous yellow. Abdomen black ; a lateral yellowish streak on first three segments. Fore wings fulvous yellow ; a large purplish-black patch at apex, its inner edge irregular; a small black spot medially on costa; a fine black streak on inner margin from just beyond base. Hind wings semihyaline yellowish white, the inner and outer margin suffused with black. Underneath the costal margins more deeply yellow. Hxpanse 33 mm. Hab. Juan Vinas, Tuis. Allied to C. elegans, Druce. Propyria flora, sp. n. Body and fore wings dark green: some blue scales on thorax and base of costa. Hind wings: the outer margin broadly black; a lilacine-white space from base to middle below cell, broadly surrounded by brilliant light blue metallic scales. Eixpanse 24 min. Hab. Cachi. Allied to P. criton, Druce. Arctiide. Prumala herbosa, Schs. In the ‘Annals’ for last August I described two forms under the above name. The first male described must sink as a synonym of P. underwoodi, Roths., erroneously described as a Diacrisia. ‘The name “ herbosa”’ can be retained for the males mentioned as having the postmedial band reduced to a line. The female of P. herbosa has the postmedial spots almost obsolescent, whereas in P. underwoodi they are well marked. Automolis priscilla, sp. n. 3. Palpi yellow at base, otherwise grey-white with a fine lateral dark streak. Head orange; a black transverse line on frons and a black spot on vertex. Collar orange with two olive-brown dorsal lines. Thorax olive-brown; a dorsal whitish line; patagia orange, edged with olive-brown and 184 Mr. W. Schaus on whitish lines. Abdomen orange ; a large dorsal black patch on three basal segments ; last segment black; anal hairs whitish. Legs whitish grey, with dark grey streaks; fore coxee orange. Fore wings olive-brown, the submedian fold and veins white except on large postmedial yellow spot, broad on costa, narrowing to vein 8. Hind wings yellow ; the outer margin fuscous grey from anal angle to just above vein 3. Expanse 33 mm. The female has a black dorsal spot beyond the basal patch, and a lateral black line on abdomen. ‘The hind wings have the outer margin broadly black. Expanse 38 mm. Hab. El Sitio, La Florida. Closely allied to A. persimilis marginata, R., but differs in the markings of the head and collar, and narrow margin to hind wings in male. Pelochyta misera, sp. n. &. Palpi orange, the tips dark brown; a black lateral spot. Frons orange, spotted with black. Vertex ochreous brown; two black spots, one between antennz, the other posteriorly. Collar orange in front, dark brown behind ; four black spots. Thorax dark brown, some orange on shoulders. Abdomen above dark brown on basal half, black terminally ; underneath orange; lateral black spots. Legs chiefly black ; fore coxze orange spotted with black. Wings dark brown. Fore wings: a small orange spot at base; a black shade on discocellular. Expanse 37 mm. Hab. Guapiles. Halsidota montana, sp. n. g. Antenne light brown. Body ochreous buff above, the abdomen dorsally tinged with orange ; two brown points on collar. Fore wings yellowish ; the extreme costa tinged with light brown; the inner margin from beyond base dark brown; a brown spot across middle of discocellular; some small brown spots along costa and along the faint traces of darker lines, sometimes obsolescent. Hind wings semi- hyaline, whitish tinged with yellow on inner margin. Expanse 42 mm. Hab. Volcano Poas. Allied to H. flavescens, R. Tleterocera from Costa Rica. 185 Halisidota cirphis, sp. n. d. Ochreous ; pectinations of antenne, head, and collar tinged with pale olivaceous brown, and with small fuscous spots on collar, and on patagia anteriorly and medially ; the ochreous hairs at base of abdomen shading to brown pos- teriorly. Fore wings with scattered brown scales not forming lines, a black spot at end of cell at veins 4 and 5, and a minute spot in cell medially ; a subterminal row of small . dark brown spots. Hind wings paler, the area below cell and vein 2 shaded with fuscous brown ; a marginal dark streak below vein 6. Underside with fuscous streaks below cell and along inner margin. ‘Tarsi tipped with dark brown. Expanse 38 mm. Hab. Juan Vinas, Voleano Turrialba, 5800 ft. Halisidota turrialba, sp. n. Palpi and head ochreous brown. Collar and thorax ochre- ous yellow, streaked with brown. Abdomen brown above, yellowish white laterally and underneath. Fore wings yellow, heavily shaded with brown, except at base, on outer margin and apical third of costal margin, forming a dark space at end of cell, a broad streak to apex, and a large medial space from cell to inner margin: on this latter are elongated - Junular yellow spots below vein 2, and between veins 2 and 4, also a yellow patch on middle of inner margin; an elon- gated yellow spot at end of cell above median and one beyond cell between 5 and 6 ; some brown irrorations at base, except on inner margin, and on outer margin, forming a series of small submarginal and marginal spots. Hind wings fuscous brown ; the costal margin broadly yellowish white ; a small brown spot at apex. Expanse 59 mm. Hab. Turrialba, 5800 ft. Halisidota subannula, sp. n. d+. Ochreous: pectinations, a line on frons, spots on vertex and tegule and dorsal edge of patagia brown. Fore wings: the lines brown; a basal and subbasal line almost meeting on submedian ; an antemedial line outwardly broadly shaded with brown on costa, followed by fine annular spots and a fine medial line; a linear white spot at end of cell preceded by a short black dash and outwardly edged by the inner line of postmedial, which is geminate, wavy, partly filled in with brown shadings ; the subterminal nearly 186 Mr. W. Schaus on straight, outwardly shaded with brown and followed by an irregular fine line ; submarginal and marginal line coalescing at veins, the latter extending outwardly between veins and forming dark points on the white cilia ; a dark submarginal point between 5 and 6; the inner margin from beyond base dark brown. Hind wings semihyaline yellow. On the underside of hind wings a small annular spot on costa dis- tinguishes this species from any allied forms. Expanse 34 mm. Hab. Banana River. Hypocrisias gemella, sp. n. 3. Head and collar cinnamon-brown, with darker edging to tegule. ‘Thorax yellowish buff. Abdomen brown above, yellowish buff below. Fore wings yellowish buff, thickly irrorated with dull brown, except on basal space, which is crossed by some fine brown lines, and is limited by a dull brown antemedial shade outcurved on its basal side; a medial spot on costa, one at end of cell, surmounted by a smaller costal spot, postmedial and subterminal spots clear yellowish buff, edged with dull brown; the postmedial spots obsolescent between veins 2 and 5; the subterminal spot between 3 and 4 replaced by a brown point; the veins, a terminal line, and cilia brown. Hind wings white, tinged with brown; the veins and a terminal line brown; cilia brownish white. Expanse 38 mm. The female rather brighter in colour, the spots larger and all present ; the postmedial between 3 and 5 very small. Expanse 40 mm. Near H. punctata, Druce. Ecpantheria perplexa, sp. n. g. Frons black. Vertex, collar, and thorax white ; black annuli on collar and mesothorax; elongated linear black spots on patagia and metathorax. Abdomen dorsally brown on two basal segments, otherwise dark blue, with dorsal orange spots sometimes expanding and forming transverse orange bands; lateral orange stripes or spots; a sublateral black line; ventrally white with rows of black spots. Fore wings white; basal, antemedial, medial, postmedial, and subterminal annuli, some filled in with light grey; large terminal black spots, round, cuneiform, or elongated ; the costal spots large, entirely black, the medial spot suffusing with a black spot at end of cell, below which is a black Fleterocera from Costa Rica. AST streak and another black spot beyond cell. Secondaries white; a black streak along inner margin; a broad black medial fascia trom end of cell to inner margin ; a black spot on anal lobe. Expanse 53 mm. Hab. Guapiles, Limon, Tuis. Paranerita niobe, sp. n. 2. Palpi roseate above, yellowish below. F rons, collar, and thorax purplish brown; vertex yellow. Abdomen above crimson. Body below whitish. Fore wings purplish brown ; a yellow space medially on costa connected with a yellowish- white spot in cell posteriorly rounded, the whole edged by a fine red line, and looking like an inverted hat with a wide brim ; a yellow spot on costa at apex; the outer margin narrowly yellow, inset at vein 4, and inwardly lunular from 4 to apex. Hind wings roseate, the costal margin yellowish. Expanse 35 mm. Differs from P. grandis, R., in the colour of hind wings. Hyponerita amelia, sp. n. g. Palpi roseate, yellowish in front. Head yellow; some roseate on frons and on vertex behind. Collar and thorax lilacine brown, the patagia and mesothorax irrorated with red. Abdomen roseate above. Body below luteous; fore coxee roseate. Fore wings purplish brown; a large yellow spot on middle of costa, extending to vein 4, edged with crimson, which extends on costa towards base and apex ; a small yellow spot below vein 2 edged with crimson which coalesces with the boider of large spot; base of inner margin yellow, shaded above with crimson ; outer margin yellow, widest below vein 4, and inwardly edged by a crimson line, outwardly lunular from vein 4 to apex. Hind wings roseate. Expanse 24 mm. Hab. Sixola. Noctuidae. Letis albociliata, sp. n. ?. Body and wings dark brown, the abdomen shaded with dark violaceous. Fore wings : some whitish irrorations chiefly on costa ; antemedial buff on costa, inset, straight, in cell black, below cell lunular, black, inwardly edged with light brown; orbicular round, black, circled with light brown; reniform large, oval, somewhat oblique, linear, 188 Mr. W. Schaus on black, outwardly edged with buff; a wavy black medial line beyond reniform, followed by two fainter black lines less wavy; the postmedial lunular black, outwardly edged with light brown, and with white on costa ; subterminal small clusters of whitish scales ; a wavy submarginal black line ; a marginal straighter brown line; cilia white; fringe on inner margin fuscous. Hind wings slightly glossed with purple; the lines continued from fore wings; terminal yellowish shades at tips of veins; cilia black from vein 4 to anal angle. Underneath lighter brown ; black spots at end of cells; fuscous medial and postmedial lines, with a fainter geminate line between them ; subterminal white spots more distinct. Expanse 84 mm. Hab, La Florida, Guapiles. Allied to L. ephianassa, Cr. Letis twisana, sp. n. &. Head, thorax, and wings dark brown, glossed with purplish. Abdomen black, tinged with purple; fine trans- verse lilacine lines posteriorly on segments. Fore wings: the base of costa with white irrorations ; a fuscous streak on base of costa; a fuscous streak in cell more remote from base ; antemedial black, interrupted in cell by orbicular, which is black, annular, outwardly edged with light brown and lilacine ; reniform large, outlined as in orbicular, closely followed by a wavy geminate black medial line, filled in with lilacine brown; a similar line between the medial and post- medial, which is broad, lilacine brown, edged and crossed by lunular black lines, and terminating in a small white spot on costa; a subterminal fuscous shade spotted with lilacine brown, which becomes a line below vein 2; a submarginal wavy black line, outwardly shaded finely with light brown between the veins ; a marginal finer black line ; cilia fuscous. Hind wings with similar lines ; the margin deeply crenulate ; buff spot on cilia terminally. Fore wings below greyish brown; a fuscous spot in cell; a dark spot on discocellular ; a dentate fuscous postmedial line; subterminal lilacine-white spots, forming a line below vein 3 inwardly shaded with fuscous; small black marginal spots between the veins. Hind wings below darker than fore wings and strongly tinged with purple ; a large black spot on discocellular; a fine fuscous medial line, followed by a faint geminate dark shade; the postmedial black, lunular, dentate, outwardly shaded with lilacine; a broad fuscous subterminal shade, Fleterocera from Costa Rica. 189 outwardly shaded with white from inner margin to vein 3, and from vein 6 to apex. Expanse 80 mm. The female has the lines shaded with lilacine, the spots outwardly edged with white; the postmedial broadly white, lunular dentate, crossed by a heavy fuscous-brown line ; the subterminal shade spotted, white, the spot below costa largest. Underneath the posimedial line is outwardly shaded with white. Expanse 87 mm. Hab. Tuis. Trissophaes colubra, sp. n. 3. Head, collar, and thorax dark violaceous brown ; golden-brown patches on metathorax; a few lilacine scales on patagia. Abdomen orange ; fuscous-brown dorsal tufts at base. Fore wings: the base to antemedial golden brown, crossed by a dark basal line ; the antemedial inwardly oblique from costa to submedian near base, fine, blackish ; the space beyond to outer line shaded with silky lilacine, and crossed by some fine brown lines; the orbicular a black point ; the reniform consisting of two brownish lines and followed by a postmedial brown line from costa to vein 5; the outer line blackish from apex to inner margin before middle, and followed by a broad golden-brown shade, changing to lilacine brown on outer margin and towards apex; a submarginal dark streak between veins 3 and 7. Hind wings orange ; the outer margin above vein 2 broadly black, its inner edge somewhat dentate; an irregular postmedial black fascia from vein 5 to inner margin above angle. Underneath the outer margin of hind wings is broadly black from veins 2-7, the apex irrorated with black. Expanse 74 mm, The female similar, except the fore wings which are dark silky brown, strongly tinged with purplish and with dull lilacine on outer margin ; the basal and antemedial lines and medial shade inwardly oblique from costa, dark reddish brown, most noticeable on lobe of inner margin; the reni- form projecting inwardly and outwardly along median vein, dark reddish brown; the postmedial irregular wavy, very oblique inwardly from vein 4 to inner margin; the outer line oblique from apex to between 5 and 6, straight to between 3 and 4 and outwardly shaded with very dark brown, then very oblique to middle of inner margin, where it is followed by a large reddish-brown space to near tornus, and has a whitish point on it between veins 2 and 3; sub- 190 Mr. W. Schaus on terminal greyish shadings between 2 and 4, and others at tornus ; dark marginal strize above vein 4 to apex. Expanse 90 mm. Hab. Juan Vinas, El Sitio. Also in B.M. from Peru. Trissophaes anguina, sp. Ne &. Palpi dark grey-brown. Thorax olive-brown. Abdo- men dorsally grey, tinged with yellow laterally, and with transverse yellowish lines on segments posteriorly. Fore wings silky lilacine brown, finely striated ; basal, antemedial, and medial darker shades, interrupted on median vein; a similar round shade at end of cell and a short line beyond it ; a fine distinct line from apex to beyond middle of inner margin, outwardly shaded with darker brown above vein 2 ; terminal brown spots from vein 2 to apex; inner margin with a triangular lobe on basal half and excised before tornus. Hind wings deep yellow; a fuscous postmedial patch from vein 3 to anal angle; outer margin broadly fuscous above vein 2. Expanse 53 mm. Hab. Tuis. There is a female of this species in the B.M. from the Godman Collection, where it was referred erroneously to T.. collusoria, Cr. Graphigona ? magnifica, sp. 0. @. Body dull brown, faintly tinged with lilacine on head, collar, and thorax anteriorly, more strongly so on abdomen terminally and laterally; the abdomen above with long dark reddish-brown hairs. Fore wings dull dark brown; the costal margin medially tinged with lilacine, extending down- wards across cell basally, and outwardly across reniform, which consists of a small reddish-brown crescent, followed by light brown and buff scales; a postmedial lilacine shade from costa to vein 4; a large round white spot between veins 2 and 3 and a smaller spot between 3 and 4; a large sub- terminal grey and light brown spot between veins 4 and 6, crossed by black stria, and two smaller similar spots between 6 and 8 extending towards apex; afew buff strize on costa and outer portion of wing. Hind wings black; a large postmedial roseate space from vein 5 to near anal angle. Fore wings below with a large white patch from vein 5 to near tornus. Hind wings below with roseate striz between roseate patch and costa. Hleterocera from Costa Rica. 191 Expanse 120 mm. Hab. San José. This may be the female of G. ? roseifer, Feld., and was taken by Mr. U. H. Lankester in his house at San José. Laccsomide. Cicinnus pudens, sp. n. $. Body and wings light brown, thinly irrorated with black. Fore wings: a fine antemedial fuscous line angled on costa, then straight to inner margin; a small fuscous- brown spot at end of cell; a fuscous-brown oblique shade subterminally on costa, a large similar shade beyond to apex, and a fine geminate fuscous line from vein 7 to inner margin ; a marginal dark brown shade from vein 4 to tornus. Hind wings: the outer margin shaded with dark brown; a fine fuscous postmedial line forming an outward curve near inner margin. Expanse 45 mm. Hab. Sixola, Juan Vinas, Avangarez. Allied to C. incerta, Mésch. Castniade. Castnia drucet, sp. n. ¢. Head, thorax, and basal half of abdomen dorsally dark brown; abdomen otherwise whitish buff. Fore wings dark brown, shaded with dark green, an indistinct pale band from middle of costa to tornus, varying in intensity. Hind wings: the base dark brown, otherwise light reddish brown, except a large white area at anal angle and inner margin tapering to a point medially at vein 5. Fore wings below light brown; the transverse band broad, white, pre- ceded by a reddish-brown shade and followed by a dark brown shade to a postmedial wavy white band from costa to vein 4; faint subterminal whitish spots, chiefly between veins 3 and 5. Hind wings below light brownish buff ; a fine reddish medial line broken into spots near inner margin which is white, and followed by a faint brownish shade down- curved to anal angle ; faintly darker marginal shades. Expanse 84 mm. The female differs in having the transverse band on fore wings white, and there are six postmedial white spots, the three lower ones between veins 4 and 7 outcurved. Expanse 89 mm. 192 On Heterocera from Costa Rica. Hab. Rio Grande, Guapiles, San Geronimo. At Avangarez a male form was found which has the fore wings almost as light reddish brown as the hind wings and the transverse line on fore wings very distinct. Castnia druce? is well figured in the ‘ Biologia’ as C. futilis, Wik., but is quite distinct. The type of C. futilis is pro- bably only a form of C. atymnius, Dalm., as already suggested by Westwood. Castnia delecta, sp. n. &. Palpi white in front. Frons black with some brown outwardly. Vertex, collar, and thorax brown, shading to reddish brown on abdomen above; abdomen below orange- yellow ; thorax whitish grey; legs chiefly reddish brown ; coxe white. Fore wings reddish brown, thinly irrorated with dull brown; a large round spot at end of cell; a dark brown line from middle of inner margin to apex, somewhat obsolescent above vein 7; a subterminal small white spot edged with dark brown between 7 and 8; cilia dark brown. Hind wings reddish ; a black shade at base of inner margin ; five large black spots from near tornus to vein 6, and a smaller brown spot above vein 6; a narrow brown terminal shade, inwardly lunular and partly irrorated by a black line, from tornus to vein 6. Expanse 49 mm. Hab. Hisperanza. 9. Fore wings yellow, faintly tinged with green, more darkly shaded at apex, on inner margin beyond line, and on discal spot which is larger and extends on to costa; the subterminal white spot larger, and there is another minute white spot below vein 7; the basal third shaded with light reddish brown. Hind wings reddish yellow; the veins orange ; the spots smaller, edged with reddish brown, some- what indentate on veins, and the black line more distinct. Expanse 57 mm. Hab. Cordova, Mexico. Gazera carilla, sp. n. g. Antenne yellow, black at base. Head black, spotted with white; white lines behind eyes; collar black, shaded with green, edged posteriorly with yellow. Thorax dark brown, the patagia black shaded with green; yellow spots on mesothorax and metathorax. Abdomen above rufous at base, shading to green-grey, a lateral rufous band ; a sublateral black stripe ; underneath whitish yellow. Legs black, A Synopsis of the Order Hyperoartit. 193 streaked with white ; coxe yellow. Fore.wings black ; the basal half of cell and a broad fascia above inner margin from base to beyond vein 2 reddish brown ; a spot at end of cell and streak on costa above it yellow, irrorated with pale olive-brown ; a postmedial quadrate, downwardly oblique, brownish patch crossed by vein 3; a subterminal oblique row of spots from costa to vein 4, yellowish, thickly irrorated with pale olive-brown ; a marginal row of yellowish-white spots, smaller and quadrate between veins 3-6, otherwise elongated, the subcostal spots irrorated with brown. Hind wings rufous; a broad black fascia along subcostal; the outer margin black, deeply dentate inwardly on veins, the interspaces with yellowish spots at their base; a postmedial black fascia from veins 2-4. Underneath the spots on fore wings are chiefly clear yellow. Expanse 96 mm. Hab. Carillo. Allied to G. zagrea, Feld., but the basal brown markings are entirely different. XVIII.—A Synopsis of the Marsipobranchs of the Order Hyperoartit. By C. Tate Reaan, M.A. (Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) Tue Hyperoartii (Lampreys) are Marsipobranchs with the nasal aperture on the upper surface of the head and the naso-palatine canal ending blindly posteriorly. Eyes well- developed (in the adult). T’wo semicircular canals. Mouth with expanded toothed lips ; tongue with a single anterior and a pair of posterior cuspidate laminz (compound teeth). Branchial sacs seven on each side, not far behind the head, communicating internally with a suboesophageal canal which opens anteriorly into the pharynx ; an extra-branchial skele- ton forming a basket-work. Hggs small, numerous; seg- mentation holoblastic ; a metamorphosis. A caudal and two dorsal fins, sometimes united. The larve (Ammocetes) appear to be extremely similar in all the northern genera. ‘They are toothless, with a small transverse lower lip and a hood-like upper lip; a circle of fringed barbels surrounds the mouth. ‘The eyes are rudi- mentary and subcutaneous, the small gill-openings lie in a Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. vii. be 194 Mr. C. T. Regan—A Synopsis of the groove, and the vertical fins are confluent. The branchial pouches communicate directly with the cesophagus. Family Petromyzonide. Characters included in the ordinal diagnosis. Coasts and rivers of temperate regions, most or all spawning in fresh water. The specimens enumerated are those in the British Museum collection. Synopsis of the Genera. I. Two tricuspid supraoral lamine............ 1. Mordacia. II. A single supraoral lamina. A. Anterior lingual lamina bi- or tricuspid ; supraoral lamina broad, Guadmicuspid es), ete: sation nete ee tere 2. Geotria. B. Anterior lingual lamina with two curved denticulated ridges separated by a median longitudinal groove ; supraoral lamina NALLOW, MICUSPIG slacge wai le aici ok est vay tei 5. Petromyzon. C. Anterior lingual lamina with a single transverse denticulated ridge. 1, Supraoral lamina narrow. Supraoral lamina bi- or tricuspid ; dorsal fins united. 4. Ichthyomyzon. Supraoral lamina unicuspid; dorsal fins separate .. 5, Caspiomyzon. 2. Supraoral lamina broad, bi- or tricuspid. a, Dise covered with numerous teeth, radially arranged. 6. Hudontomyzon. b. Disc with a marginal series of small teeth, an anterior group of teeth, and 3 or 4 enlarged teeth on each side; no radial series of teeth. Last pair of lateral teeth connected by a posterior series of teeth parallel to the marginal series.. 7. Entosphenus, Posterior part of disc toothless, except for the AAT PHAM: SOPIOS oc wesicuvele «sie us vis west v sk Blac 8. Lampetra. 1. Morpacta. Caragola, Gray, Chondropt. p. 143 (1851), or Proc. Zool. Soc. 1851, p. 2389. Mer tae, Gray, t.c. p. 144, and /. c.; Giinth. Cat. Fish. viii. p. 507 (1870). Disc covered with radially arranged teeth. T'wo well- separated tricuspid supraoral lamine ; infraoral lamina with 9 unequal cusps. Anterior lingual lamina with a V-shaped denticulated ridge, the apex of the V directed backwards, the most anterior denticle on each side more or less enlarged. Dorsal fins separate. Australia ; Chile. Marsipobranchs of the Order Hyperoartit. 195 Synopsis of the Species. I, Enlarged cusps of anterior lingual lamina small, the denticulated ridge evident. The two most anterior of the radial series of labial teeth meet behind and, diverging in front, are separated by BREE SIESOEO QUI aiataaaianoiel aheisia Sis'e 2 vig) = oti yo oeteteenen The two most anterior of the radial series of labial teeth are entirely separated by a group of three teeth .... IJ. Enlarged cusps of anterior lingual lamina very strong, hiding the denticulated ridges ..... 2 Ca NOR URE Ere ne . 9d. acutidens, 1. lapicida, 2. mordax. 1. Mordacia lapicida. Caragola lapicida, Gray, Chondropt. p. 1438, pl. 1. fig. 5 (1851), or Proc. Zool. Soc. 1851, p. 239. Mordacia mordax (part.), Giinth. Cat. Fish. viii. p. 507 (1870). Mordacia lapicida, Plate, Zool. Jahrb. Suppl. v. 1902, p. 656, pl. xix. figs, 3-4, Chile. 1, 160 mm. (type of the species). Valparaiso. 2. Mordacta mordax. Petromyzon mordax, Richards, Ereb. & Terr. Fish. p. 62, pl. xxxviii. figs. 3-6 (1848). Mordacia mordax, Gray, Chondropt. p. 144, pl. i. fig. 6 (1851), or Proc. Zool. Soe. 1851, p. 239, pl. iv. fig. 6; Ogilb. Proc. Linn. Soe. N.S.W. xxi. 1896, p. 400; Plate, Zool. Jahrb. Suppl. v. 1902, p. 654, pl. xix. figs. 1-2. Mordacia mordax (part.), Giinth. Cat. Fish. viii. p. 507 (1870). New South Wales; Victoria; Tasmania. 1. 250 mm. (type of the species). Tasmania. 2. 350 mm. a Haslar Coll. M. Allport, Esq, 3. Mordacia acutidens. ? Petromyzon anwandteri, Philippi, Arch. f. Nat. 1868, p. 207, pl. x. fio. 5. Petromyzon acutidens, Philippi, ib. 1864, p. 107, or Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. xvi. 1865, p. 221. Mordacia acutidens, Plate, Zool. Jahrb. Suppl. v. 1902, p. 657, pl. xix. figs, 5-6, Chile. 1-2. 320-3380 mm. Chile. Gerrard. 196 Mr. C. T. Regan—A Synopsis of the 2. GEOTRIA. Geotria, Gray, Chondropt. p. 142 (1851); Giinth. Cat. Fish. viii. p, 508 (1870). Velasia, Gray, 1. ¢. Yarra, Casteln. Proc. Zool. Soc. Vict. i. 1872, p. 281. Neomordacia, Casteln. ¢. e. p. 282. Exomegas, Gill, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. v. 1882, p. 524. Macrophthalmia, Plate, Sitzungsb. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berlin, 1897, p. 187. Disc covered with radially arranged teeth. A single broad quadricuspid supraoral lamina; infraoral lamina usually weakly cuspidate. Anterior lingual lamina bi- or tricuspid. Dorsal fins separate. Australia; New Zealand; Chile. Synopsis of the Species. I, Disc small, with the labial teeth close together, almost imbricating ; gular pouch small or absent. — ( Vedasza.) Inner pair of supraoral cusps spatulate; anterior lingual plate bicuspid, the cusps very strong; length of base of first dorsal considerably more than its distance from the second .............. 1. chilensis. Inner pair of supraoral cusps either ovate or triangular and acutely pointed ; anterior lingual plate usually tricuspid ; leneth of base of first dorsal from a little less to a little more than its distance from THE BECONA YE. 2o..2ts ole ha kts GRC sh oes eee oie 2. stenostoma. II. Dise large, with the labial teeth well separated ; a gular pouch. (Geotria.) A, Supraoral lamina prominent. Lateral cusp of supraoral lamina broader than the ad- jacent lateral part of the lamina, from which it is separated by a groove; anterior lingual tooth tricuspid ; base of first dorsal fin a little shorter than its distance from the second ............4. 3. saccifera. Lateral cusp of supraoral lamina narrower than the adjacent lateral part of the lamina; anterior lingual tooth bicuspid ; base of first dorsal longer than its distance from the second.............. 4. australis. B. Supraoral lamina hidden; anterior lingual tooth tricuspid ; base of first dorsal much longer than its distance from the second. 5. macrostomus. 1. Geotria chilensis. Velasia chilensis, Gray, Chondropt. p. 143, pl. i. fig. 4 (1851). Geotria chilensis (part.), Gunth. Cat. Fish. viii. p. 509 (1870). 1. 380 mm. (type of the species). Chile. Marsipobranchs of the Order Hyperoarti. 19% 2. Geotria stenostoma. Geotria chilensis (part.), Giinth, Cat. Fish. viii. p. 509 (1870). Velasia stenostomus, Ovilby, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. xxi. 1896, p. 409, Macrophthalmia chilensis, Plate, Sitazungsh. Ges, naturf. Fr. Berlin, 1897, p. 137. Geotria chilensis, Plate, Zool. Jahrb. Suppl. v. 1902, p. €60, pl. xix. tigs. 7-16. Geotria stenostumus, Plate, t. c. p. 671, pl. xix. fig. 21. Australia; New Zealand ; Chile. 1, 510 mm. Otago. Otago Mus. 2-3. 500-530 mm. New Zealand. W. Colenso, Esq. 4, 540 mm. Swan River. In all these the middle cusp of the anterior lingual lamina is well developed, but shorter and weaker than the lateral cusps. Ogilby (p. 410} describes the median cusp as being “as long as the outer pair,” but elsewhere (p. 416) he states that the middle cusp is absent in one of his three examples. Four of Plate’s specimens agree in this character with those listed above, but in a fifth the median cusp is as long as the others, and in a sixth (his G. stenostomus) not only as long but as strong as the lateral cusps. 3. Geotria saccifera, sp. n. New Zealand. 1, 420 mm. (type of the species). Otago. Otago Mus. 4. Geotria australis. Geotria australis, Gray, Chondropt. p. 142, pl. 11. (1851), or Proc. Zool. Soc. 1851, p. 238; Giinth. Cat. Fish. viii. p. 508 (1870); Ogilby, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. xxi. 1896, p. 422; Plate, Zool. Jahrb. Suppl. v. 1902, p. 668, pl. xix. figs. 17-19. Velasia chilensis, Philippi, Arch. f. Nat. 1857, p. 266, and 1863, pl. x. fig. a. iy hy sanochilus valdivianus, Philippi, t. e. p. 268. Geotria allportii, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871, p. 675, pl. Ixx. Australia; Chile. 1. 480 mm. (type of the species). Inkaspinki. R. A. Pain, Esq. 2. 410 mm. S. Australia. Army Med. Coll. 3. 350 mm. (type of G. allportiz). Tasmania. M. Allport, Esq. 5. Geotria macrostoma. Petromyzon macrostomus, Burmeister, Ann. Mus. Buenos Aires, pt. 5, 1868; Act. Soc. Paleont. p. xxxvi; Giinth. Cat. Fish. viii. p. 506 (1870). 198 Mr. C. T. Regan—A Synopsis of the Exomegas macrostomus, Gill, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. v. 1882, p. 524; _ Berg, Commun. Mus. Buenos Aires, i. 1899, p. 91. Geotria macrostoma, Berg, Ann. Mus. La Plata, Zool. i. 1893, p. 3, pl. i. Geotria macrostoma, var. gallegensis, Smith, Bih, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl, xxvi. iv. no. 18, p. 26, pl. iv. Argentina; Patagonia. Recent descriptions show that this species is a true Greotria ; the supraoral lamina appears to have the same form as in the other species of the genus; the infraoral lamina is absent or deciduous, but this may be the case in G. australis also ; the so-called enlarged outer series of teeth seem to be the fringes of the disc. 3. PETROMYZON. Petromyzon (part.), Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. 10, p. 280 (1758); Ginth. Cat. Fish. viii. p. 500 (1870). Petromyzon, Gray, Chondropt. p. 148 (1851). Bathymyzon, Gill, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus, 1883, p. 254. Disc covered with radially arranged teeth. A single narrow bicuspid supraoral lamina; infraoral lamina cuspi- date. Anterior lingual lamina with two curved denticulated ridges separated by a median longitudinal groove. Dorsal fins separate. North Atlantic and Mediterranean, entering rivers. 1. Petromyzon marinus. Petromyzon marinus, Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. 10, p. 280 (1758); Gunth. Cat. Fish. viii. p. 501 (1870); Day, Fish. Brit. ii. p. 356, pl. clxxviii, (1884) ; Jord. & Everm. Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. xlvii. 1896, p. 10; Berg, Bull. Imp. Acad. St. Petersb. (5) xxiv. 1906, p. 176. Bathymyzon bairdii, Gill, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1883, p. 254; Jord. & Everm. @. ¢. p. 9. Petromyzon dorsatus, Gage, Wilder Quarter Century Book, p. 425, pls. i., iii., & vi. fig. 19 (1898). Petromyzon marinus unicolor, Jord, & Everm. ¢.¢. p. 9. Infraoral lamina with 7 to 9 cusps ; 4 inner labial teeth on each side enlarged, bicuspid. North Atlantic and Mediterranean, entering rivers in Europe and North America. 1. 780 mm. —. Dr. F. Day. 2. 600 mm. Baltie. Haslar Coll. 8. 210 mm, Scotland. Dr. Johnston. 4, 550 mm, Lough Neagh. R. Patterson, Esq. 5. 6380 mm. Devonshire. 6. 800 mm. 3 London Market. 7, 620 mm. Holland. Lidth de Jeude Coll. Marstpobranchs of the Order Hyperoartit. £99 8. 720 mm, Coruna, Mons. V. L. Seoane. 9. 800 mm. Lisbon, Rey. R. 'T. Lowe. 10. 170 mm, Mediterranean, 11. 210 mm, ~ W. Africa. J.C. Salmon, Esq. 12. 180 mm. Nova Scotia. M. Jones, Esq. 13, 14. 620-640 mm. New York. 15. 5380 mm. Merrimack R. 16. 270 mm. Muscatine, Iowa. Field Mus. 17. 170 mm, Val-de-Grace, U.S.A. Dr, F. Day. Specimen no. 11 has the supraoral cusps small and close together and the infraoral cusps weak, as described for Bathymyzon bairdit. 4. IcHTHYOMYZON. Ichthyomyzon, Girard, Pac. R. R. Surv. x. p. 381 (1858). Dise covered with radially arranged teeth. A single narrow bicuspid or tricuspid sapraoral lamina; infraoral lamina cuspidate. Anterior lingual lamina with a single transverse denticulated ridge. Dorsal fins united. Eastern North America. 1. Ichthyomyzon bdellium. Petromyzon argenteus (non Bloch), Kirtland, Bost. Journ, N. H. 11. 1840, p. 342, pl. iv. fig. 3. Petromyzon bdellium, Jord. Cat. Fish. N. Am. p. 4 (1885). Ichthyomyzon concolor, Jord. & Everm. Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. xlvii. 1896, p. 11 *. Supraoral lamina bicuspid ; all the labial teeth unicuspid ; infraoral lamina with 7 cusps. Great Lakes and Upper Mississippi. 1, 240 mm. Louisville, Kentucky. Smithsonian Inst. 2. Ichthyomyzon castaneus. Ichthyomyzon castaneus, Girard, Pac. R. R. Surv. x. p. 381 (1858) ; Gunth. Cat. Fish. viii. p. 507 (1870); Jord. & Everm. Bull. U.S, Nat. Mus. xlvii. 1896, p. 11. Ichthyomyzon hirudo, Girard, t. c. p. 382; Giinth. J, e. Supraoral lamina tricuspid; some of the lateral labial teeth bicuspid; infraoral lamina with 7 to 12 cusps. Mississippi. * I cannot see that the larva described by Kirtland as Ammocetes concolor differs in any way from that of Lampetra planerit. 200 Mr. C. T. Regan—A Synopsis of the 5. CASPIOMYZON. Caspiomyzon, Berg, Bull. Acad. Imp, St. Petersb. (5) xxiv. 1906, pili. Agnathomyzon, Gratzianow, Dneve. zool. otd. obse. liub. jest. Moskva, iii, 1907, p. 18. Dise covered with radially arranged teeth. A _ single narrow unicuspid supraoral lamina; infraoral lamina cuspi- date. Anterior lingual lamina with a single transverse denticulated ridge. Dorsal fins separate. Caspian Sea and rivers flowing into it. 1. Caspiomyzon wagnert. Petromyzon wagnert, Kessler, Trud. St. Petersb. Obshch. Estestv. 1. 1870, pp. 207, 302, pl. iii. figs. 4, 5. Caspiomyzon wagneri, Berg, Bull. Acad. Imp. St. Petersburg, (5) xxiv. 1906, p. 178. Agnathomyzon wagnert, Gratzianow, Dneve. zool, otd. obsc. liub. jest. Moskva, iii. 1907, p. 18. Caspian Sea and the rivers falling into it. 1-3. 300-830 mm. Astrachan. St. Petersburg Mus. 4, 340 mm. oy ” A second species, C. caspicus, has been described (Agna- thomyzon caspicus, Gratzianow, Dneve. zool. otd. obse. liub. jest. Moskva, iii. 1907, p. 18; Caspriomyzon caspicus, Grat- zianow, ‘I'rd. otd. icht. obsc. Moskva, vi. 1907, p. 18) ; it is said to differ from C. wagnert only in the dentition of the tongue and is probably a synonym. 6. EUDONTOMYZON, gen. nov. Dise covered with radially arranged teeth. A single broad bicuspid supraoral lamina ; intraoral lamina cuspidate. Anterior lingual lamina with a single transverse denticulated ridge. Dorsal fins separate. ‘Transylvania. 1. Eudontomyzon danfordi, sp. n. Labial teeth numerous, small, pointed; on each side 3 enlarged teeth, the first and third uni- or bicuspid, the middle one bi- or tricuspid. Infraoral lamina with 9 to 11 cusps. Anterior lingual lamina usually with an enlarged median cusp. Transylvania. Marsipobranchs of the Order Hyperoartit. 201 1-6. Adult, 120-220 mm. ‘Transylvania. OC. G. Danford, Esq., and (types of the species). J. A. Harvie-Brown, Esq. 7-12. Larvee, 95-185 mm. s Vs 13, Adult, 210 mm, R. Sebés. C. G. Danford, Esq. 7. ENTOSPHENUS. Entosphenus, Gill, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1862, p. 331. Disc without radially arranged series of teeth, but with a marginal series of small teeth, an anterior group of teeth, 3 or 4 enlarged teeth on each side, and a posterior series of small teeth, parallel to the marginal series, connecting the last pair of enlarged lateral teeth. A single broad bicuspid or tricuspid supraoral lamina; infraoral lamina cuspidate. Anterior lingual lamina with a single transverse denticulated ridge. Dorsal fins separate or subcontinuous. Europe ; North America ; Japan. Synopsis of the Species. J. Supraoral lamina tricuspid ; infraoral lamina with 5 or 6 cusps; on each side 4 enlarged lateral teeth, the first and last bicuspid, the middle ones PMC USEC ety oy cx ayer rete oak aw hal sper xesete oh s/s 4ni) Bate one 1. tridentatus, II. Supraoral lamina bicuspid ; infraoral lamina with 6 to 9 cusps. A. On each side 4 enlarged lateral teeth, the first uni- or bicuspid, the others bicuspid ........ 2. spadiceus. B. On each side 3 enlarged bicuspid lateral teeth. Worsalfinsiwell separated oj... 0 wise ncse es cae eaiea 3. japonicus. Dorsal fins only separated by anotch.............. 4, weldert, 1. Entosphenus tridentatus. Petromyzon tridentatus, Richards. Faun, Bor.-Am., p. 293 (1836), Ichthyomyzon tridentatus, Ginth. Cat. Fish. viii. p. 506 (1870). Ichthyomyzon astori (Girard, 1858), Giinth. J. ¢. Entosphenus tridentatus, Jord. & Everm. Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. xlvii. 1896, p. 12. Pacific Coast of North America, from Unalaska to Cali- fornia, entering rivers. 1-2. 570-590 mm. La Grande, Oregon. Prof. C, H, Eigenmann. 3. 480 mm. Walla Walla, Columbia R. Smithsonian Inst. 2. Entosphenus spadiceus. Lampetra spadicea, Bean, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1887, p. 374; Jord. & Everm. Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. xlvii. 1896, p. 18. Rio Lerma, Mexico. 1. 175 mm. Jacona, Michoachan. Mexico Mus, 2-5, 110-155 mm, (larve). FS i % 202 Mr. C, T. Regan—A Synopsts of the 3. Entosphenus japonicus. Petromyzon japonicus, Martens, Arch, f. Nat. xxxiv. 1858, p. 3; Giinth. Cat. Fish. viii. p. 504 (1870). Lampetra japonica, Jord. & Snyd. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus, xxiii. 1901, p. 733, Japan; Russia. 1, 500 mm. . Echigo. Dr. Kishinouye. 2. 400 mm. Hokkaido. Prof. D’Arcy Thompson. 3. 380 mm. Tokyo. Dr. D. 8. Jordan. Two Lampreys from Archangel, noticed by Smitt, with a figure of the dentition (Scand. Fish. p. 1191, fig. 353, 1895), have been kindly sent to me for examination by Prof. H. Loéunberg, and are in every way similar to Japanese examples of HL. japonicus. 4, Entosphenus wilderi. Petromyzon branchialis (non Linn.), Gage, Wilder Quarter Century Book, p. 436, pl. iv. and pl. vi. fig. 21 (1893). : Lampetra wilderi, Jord. & Everm. Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. xlvii. 1896, p. 18. Eastern North America. 1. 150 mm. New York. Prof. Bashford Dean. 2. 160 mm. Waukegan, Illinois. Smithsonian Inst. 3-8. 120-160 mm. Cedar Rapids, Lowa. Field Mus. 8. LAMPETRA, Petromyzon (part.), Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. 10, p. 280 (1758); Gunth. Cat. Fish. viii. p. 500 (1870). Lampetra, Gray, Chondropt. p. 148 (1851). Differs from. Entosphenus only in the absence of the posterior series of teeth which connect the last pair of en- larged lateral teeth in that genus. Europe; Northern Asia; North America. 1. Lampetra fluviatilis. Petromyzon fluviatilis, Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. 10, p. 280 (1758) ; Giinth. Cat. Fish. viii. p. 502 (1870); Day, Fish. Brit. ii. p. 359, pl. clxxix. fig. 1 (1884). Lampetra fluviatilis, Gray, Chondropt. p. 148 (1851), or Proc. Zool. Soc. 1851, p, 287, pl. iv. fig. 2; Berg, Bull. Acad. Imp. St. Petersb. (5) xxiv. 1906, p. 181. Petromyzon plumbeus (non Shaw), Ayres, Proc. Calif. Acad. 1854, . 28. Patronage ayresi, Giinth. t. c. p- 505, Petromyzon ernsti, Dybowski, Verhandl. zool.-bot. Gesellsch. Wien, xxii. 1872, p. 220. Marsipobranchs of' the Order Hyperoartit. 203 Lampetra aurea (Bean, 1881), Jord. & Everm, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. xlvii. 1896, p. 13. Lampetra cibaria (? Girard, 1858), Jord. & Everm. é. ¢. : ? Lampetra opisthodon, Gratzianow, Dneve. zool, otd. obse. liub. jest. Moskva, iii. 1907, p. 18. Supraoral lamina bicuspid ; infraoral lamina with 6 to 9 more or less acutely pointed cusps. On each side 3 enlarged teeth, the first and last usually bicuspid, the middle one usually tricuspid. First dorsal separated from the second by an interspace ; second dorsal triangular. Coasts and rivers of Europe, Siberia, Kamchatka, and Western North America, from Alaska to California. 1-2, 3-5, 6, 7. 150-400 mm. England. 8-10, 280-320 mm. R. Thames. A. Smee, Esq. 11. 290 mm. Bs J. Doubleday, Esq. 12. 330 mm, Tewkesbury. Dr. A. Giinther. 15, 210 mm. Devonshire. Mus. Leach. 14-18. 220-400 mm. Holland. 19-21. 150-230 mm. Belgium. Prof. van Beneden, 22. 130 mm. (incompletely Bavaria. Prof. von Siebold. metamorphosed). 28. 300 mm. R. Narowa. St. Petersburg Mus. 24, 210 mm. N. America. 25, 170 mm. Russian R., California. 2. Lampetra planeri. Petromyzon planer, Bloch, Fisch. Deutschl. iii. p. 47 (1782). Petromyzon branchialis (? Linn.), Giinth. Cat. Fish. viii. p. 504 (1870) ; Day, Fish. Brit. ii. p. 862, pl. clxxix. figs. 2-3 (1884). Lampetra planert, Gray, Chondropt. p. 144 (1851) ; Berg, Bull, Acad. Imp. St. Petersburg, (5) xxiv. 1906, p. 181. Petromyzon reissneri, Dybowski, Verhand. zool.-bot. Gesellsch, Wien, xix. 1869, p. 958. Lampetra mitsukurti, Hatta, Annot. Zool. Japon. iv. 1901, no. 1, p. 24; Jord. & Snyd. Proc. U.S, Nat. Mus, xxiii. 1901, p. 734, Supraoral lamina bicuspid, sometimes tricuspid ; infraoral lamina with 6 to 9 obtuse cusps. On each side 3 enlarged teeth, the first and third usually bicuspid, the middle one bi- or tricuspid. First dorsal contiguous to or continuous with the second, separated from it by a notch; second dorsal with convex free edge. Europe ; Siberia; Japan. 1-2. 110-115 mm. Belfast. R. Patterson, Esq, 3-7. 120-140 mm. Firth of Forth. Dr. Parnell. 8-17. 110-140 mm. Hawksfold, Sussex. O. Salvin, Esq. 18-27. 110-150 mm. Berlin. Berlin Mus, (4 adults, 4 larvee, and 5 intermediate speci- mens), 28-29. 150-165 mm, Tauber, Wirtemburg. Stuttgart Coll, 204 Systematic Position of Macristium chavesi. 30. 120 mm. Onon R. Godeffroy Mus. 31-32. 100-105 mm. Inland Sea of Japan. R. Gordon Smith, [ Esq. 33-42, 80-100 mm Gifu, Mino Proy., Japan. Prof, Mitsukuri. Ammocetes branchialis, Linn. Under this name may be placed a number of larvae, most of which probably pertain to Lampetra, but some to other Petromyzonids. i. Tweed. 2. Eaton. Leach Coll. 3-6. R. Enz, Wiirtemburg. Stuttgart Coll. Of R. Blau, ay ” 8-17. Bavaria. Dr. Gemminger. 18-19. Sardinia. Prof. Bonelli. 20-21. L. Garda. Dr. Werner. 22-31. L. Biwa, Japan. Mr. Sugubi. 32-41. British Columbia. Boundary Commission. XIX.— On the Systematic Position of Macristium ehavesi. By C. Tate Reean, M.A. In 1903 (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xii. p. 345) I described a remarkable fish from the Azores, to which I gave the name Macristium chavest. Recently, when working at the osteology and classification of the Iniomi, it seemed to me desirable to re-examine this fish; I accordingly wrote to Major F. A. Chaves, who has kindly sent me the specimen. The type of Macristium chavest measures 110 mm. to the base of the caudal fin; it has been a good deal damaged, and in the absence of precise information I should judge that it may have been washed ashore. The snout and the end of the lower jaw are injured and the premaxillaries have been lost; one of the pectoral fins is complete, but none of the other fins has even a single ray entire. Originally I believed that Macristiwm was related to Bathysaurus, Giinth., which it resembles in the position of the fins and the number of rays. I am now of the opinion that this resemblance is misleading, for I think that in all probability the premaxillaries would not exclude the max- illaries from the gape. In any case, Macristium must be made the type of a distinct family, Macristiidee, probably related to the Alepocephalide. Before returning the fish to the Ponta Delgada Museum it seems to me best to make a figure of it and to reinforce my original description. The body is elongate, moderately compressed, naked ; the On new Asiatic Muride. 205 abdomen seems to be very distensible and the vent is situated just in front of the anal fin. The myotomes number about 62. The caudal fin has 19 principal rays and there are 18 rays in the dorsal fin, 12 in the anal, 16 in the pectoral, and 8 in the pelvic ; all the rays of the dorsal, anal, and pelvic fins appear to be very elongate and unbranched, but some of them may have been branched distally; the pelvic fins are rather widely separated and are inserted just behind the pectorals. The gill-membranes are free from the isthmus and the branchiostegals are rather long, slender, and curved, == MULE SY IY, YW ODI Macristium chavesi (slightly reduced). «a, head from above. about 8 in number on each side; there are 4 gills and no pseudobranchize. Small acutely pointed teeth are present in the lower jaw and on the vomer, palatines, and tongue ; the maxillary is broad, rounded posteriorly, without supra- maxillary. There are two nostrils on each side which are superior rather than lateral in position and lie near the end of the snout in front of the anterior end of what appears to be an elongate supraorbital bone; the lead is flattish above and the frontals are slightly raised above each eye. ‘The post-temporals approach each other rather closely in the occipital region. XX.—New Asiatic Muride. By OLpFIELD THomas. (Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) Epimys whitehead perlutus, subsp. n. Essential characters of true whitehead’, but with larger skull and greyish belly. 206 Mr. O. Thomas on General colour above of the same mixture of buffy and grey, lined with blackish, as in whitehead’. Under surface (instead of being more or less buffy ochraceous) clear pale grey, near “ lavender-grey,”’ fairly well defined laterally ; some specimens, however, with a faint buffy wash along the centre of the chest and abdomen. Skull, compared with that of true whiteheadi, larger throughout, and the brain-case broader. Frontal region concave, the supraorbital and parietal ridges strongly marked. Palatal foramina very short. Dimensions of the type :— Head and body 130 mm.; tail 120; hind foot 29-7. Skull: greatest length 35°5 ; basilar length 28:2; zygo- matic breadth 15°5; nasals 11°7; interorbital breadth 5-7; breadth across parietal ridges 14°3; palatilar length 14; diastema 9 ; palatal foramina 4°5 x 2°4; upper molar series 5°8. Hab. Balangean, Northern Central Sarawak. Type. Old female. B.M. no. 11.1.19.2. Original num- ber 27. Collected 3rd July, 1910. Presented by the Sara- wak Museum. Five specimens examined. This would seem to be a larger pale-bellied form of the Kina-Balu H. whitehead?, a species which, curiously enough, has not as yet turned up in the intermediate region of Baram, so well worked by Messrs. Hose and Everett. I owe the opportunity of describing this rat to the kindness of Mr. J. C. Moulton, of the Sarawak Museum, who has sent to the British Museum a small collection of Muride from Balangean for determination. Chiropodomys legatus, sp. n. Like Ch. major, but larger. External characters much as in major, but size larger. Fur rather longer and softer; hairs of back about 7°5 mm, in length. Colour above of the same greyish fawn; under surface pure sharply defined white. Hands and feet dull whitish, with but little darkening on the metatarsals. Tail longer than in major, rather less heavily tufted. . Skull longer than that of Ch. major, rather less broad in proportion. Supraorbital ledges well developed. Nasals not projected anteriorly in front of gnathion. Palatal fora- mina decidedly longer than in major. Dimensions of the type (measured in skin) :— Head and body 133 mm.; tail 152; hind foot (wet) 24:5; ear (wet) 16. Skull: tip of nasals to front corner of interparietal 28 ; henselion to basilar suture 22; zygomatic breadth 17:2; new Asiatic Muride. 207 length of nasals 11; interorbital breadth 5:5; breadth of brain-case 14°8; palatilar length 15; diastema 9°8; palatal foramina 5 ; length of upper molar series 4°9. Hab. Mt. Kina Balu, N. Borneo. Type from “ above Pinokok.” Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 93. 4. 1. 21. Collected October 1892 by A. Everett. This is the largest Chiropodomys yet discovered. It differs from its ally Ch. major by its larger size, longer tail, and longer palatal foramina. The abbreviation of the nasals anteriorly is also worthy of note, the same character occurring in the next species, while the nasals of Ch. major are as in ordinary Murines. Chiropodomys pictor, sp. n. Rather smaller than Ch. major. Size about as much smaller than in Ch. major as it is larger in Ch. legatus. Fur soft and close; hairs of back about 6 mm. in length. General colour above greyish fawn, rather paler on the sides. Under surface pure sharply defined creamy white. Eyes with dark rings. Ears brown. Hands and feet silvery whitish, a narrow dark patch along the middle of the metatarsals. ‘Tail uniformly dark brown as usual; heavily tufted terminally. Skull with broad rounded brain-case, much bowed in upper profile. Nasals not reaching forward to the level of guathion. Palatal foramina short. Dimensions of the type (measured in skin) :— Head and body (c.) 120 mm.; tail 120; hind foot (wet) 20°5 ; ear (wet) 16. Skull: tip of nasals to front corner of interparietal 24°5; henselion to basilar suture 18°6 ; zygomatic breadth 16°5; length of nasals 8:8; interorbital breadth 5°3; breadth of brain-case 14; palatilar length 12°8 ; diastema 8°2; palatine foramina 3°7 ; upper molar series 4. A perfect skull taken from a spirit-specimen is 27°6 mm. in total length; basilar length 21:7. Hab. Mt. Kina Balu, N. Borneo. Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 94. 7.2.43. Collected January 1894 by A. Everett. H&ROMYS, gen. nov. Like Chiropodomys in shape of skull and_ prehensile character of feet, but the molars of the general Mus-Hpimys 208 Mr. O. Thomas on type, without postero-internal cusp (cusp 7 or w cusp), the lamine simple, not corrugated. Type. H. margarette (Mus margarette, Thos.). Other species:—H, pusillus (Mus margarette pusillus, Thos., 1893) and H. minahasse, Thos. This genus, whose peculiarities have been already fully detailed in the descriptions of the species, seems to bear in Borneo to Chiropodomys something of the same sort of rela- tionship that in Africa the Thamnomys-like mice do to true Thamnomys; but the difference between the two is greater and more sharply defined, and the generic distinction of Heromys from EHpimys indubitable. The asserted resemblance of the feet of H. minahasse to those of “Jlus,” as given in the original description, seems to have been due to the specimen being a dried skin, so that their structure could not be easily made out. ‘They appear to be much the same as.in [7/, margarette. Uromys obtensts, sp. n. A medium-sized species, with white belly. Size rather less than in U. bruijnii. Fur thick, soft, and woolly ; wool-hairs of back about 11 mm. in length. General colour above dark clay-colour, more tawny on crown and rump, clearer and more butty. on sides. Under surface and inner sides of limbs pure white to the bases of the hairs, but the white area somewhat narrowed on the belly. Face greyish brown. Lars short, naked, dull brown. Hands and feet thinly haired, almost naked, white or flesh-coloured. ‘Tail rather long in proportion, dark brown, a few fine scattered bristles upon it; rings of scales about 14 to the centimetre. Skull of about normal height; supraorbital edges little developed. Palatal foramina unusually prolonged backwards, their posterior end almost level with the front of the anterior root of m’. Dimensions of the type (measured in skin) :— Head and body 142 mm.; tail 154; hind foot (wet) 28; ear (wet) 14. Skull: nasals 11:3 ; interorbital breadth 5°6; height from supraorbital ledge to alveolus of m2 9° os palatilar length 16 ; diastema 9°2; palatal foramina 6°1 ; length of upper molar series 6°4, Hab. Obi Island. Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 3.4.10.1. Collected 29th April, 1902, by Mr. Waterstradt. This species represents the farthest western extension of new Asiatic Muride. 209 the genus Uromys, its nearest neighbour being the somewhat larger U. bruijnit of Salawatti. Microtus (EHothenomys) melanogaster colurnus, subsp. n. Similar in all essential characters to true melanogaster, but much brighter in colour, the type form being something between ‘“bistre” and “ mummy-brown,” while the present animal is rather darker and richer than “hazel.” The tail also seems to average shorter, but properly measured series are not at present available. Dimensions of the type (measured in skin) :— Head and body 110 mm. ; tail 35; hind foot 17:5. Skull: condylo-basal length 26-2. Hab. Kuatun, N.W. Fokien. Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 0. 5. 8. 38. Original num- ber 52. Collected 24th October, 1899, and presented by C. B. Rickett, Esq. A large number of specimens examined, presented by Messrs. C. B. Rickett, F. W. Styan, and J. de La Touche. Plecotus wardt, sp. n. A pale-coloured species with large skull. Size large. Fur very long and fine. General colour pale, paler than ‘ drab-grey ;”’ under surface broadly washed with greyish white (grey no. 10), lighter than in any other form. Thumb long. Skull broad and rounded. Bullee large. Dimensions of type :— Forearm 45°5 mm. Head and body 53; tail 50; ear 41; thumb, c. u. (exclu- sive of metacarpal) 7:8; lower leg and foot (c. u.) 29°5. Skull: condylo-basal length 16°6 ; basi-sinual length 13:1 ; greatest horizontal diameter of bulla 4°4. Hab. Leh, Ladak. Alt. 10,500’. Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 6. 10. 3. 2. Original number 73. Collected 10th June, 1906, by C. A. Crump. Presented by Col. A. EH. Ward. Distinguishable from P. homochrous and puck by the broader skull and paler colour. Named in honour of the donor, to whom the Museum is indebted for valuable series of Kashmir animals. Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. vii. 14 210 Mr. G. -Dollman on XXI.—Description of a new Genus of Molossine Bats from West Africa. By Guy Douiman, B.A. (Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) AmonG a collection of West-African mammals recently presented to the British Museum by Dr. H.G. F. Spurrell is a bat representing a new genus of the family Molossida. XIPHONYCTERIS, gen. nov. Size similar to that of the smaller species of Myctinomus. Wings small, membranous area much reduced. Lars, feet, and tail much as in Nyctinomus. Skull with median anterior palatal emargination like that of Nyctinomus, but emargination quite small and incon- spicuous, though extending behind roots of incisors. Teeth according to the following formula :— 1—1 1—1 2—3 3-3 2 8 G. poy ©: Ty P+ 9=5) ™. 33> Upper incisors quite small and closely in contact with canines; widely separated from each other, wider apart at base than at tip. Upper canine rather similar to that of Nyctinomus, but with cingulum very prominent and shaft of tooth longer, much flatter anteriorly, and pointing slightly outwards. Base of canines much enlarged, the anterior edges of the cingula on a level with the anterior limit of the upper incisors; when looked at from above the cingula appear as two prominent crescentie ridges with the minute incisors between them, the incisors being so placed as to resemble two antero- internal cusps on the cingula of the canines. Behind the shaft the cingulum is expanded to form a large flat area, its posterior edge closely in contact with the small anterior premolars. Upper premolars and molars as in NVyctinomus, the molars with well-developed hypocones. Lower incisors reduced to a single pair of very minute functionless teeth, bridged over by the junction of the lower canines ; cutting-edges deeply bifid. Lower canines with well-developed cingula, forming ante- riorly prominent secondary cusps, which meet together in the mid-line as a bridge over the minute incisors ; posterior portion of cingulum large and well developed, much more so than in the allied genera. Lower molars and premolars as in Nyctinomus. Type, X¢phonycteris spurrelli. This genus would appear to be most nearly related to the anew Genus of Bats from West Africa. 211 genus Myct’énomus, which it resembles in general external characters and in the presence of the small upper premolar ; but the absence of @3, the peculiar position of the single pair of minute lower incisors, and the unusual shape and arrangement of the upper and lower canines are more than sufficient reasons for considering the genera as quite distinct. As regards the genus Cheerephon the same differences hold good, “with the additional character of the median anterior palatal emargination present in Xiphonycteris. In the possession of only a single pair of lower incisors, and in having the lower canines in contact with one another, this genus in some ways resembles the South-American genus Molossops; but the two genera, on account of numerous important differences, cannot be looked upon as close allies. Xiphonycterts spurrelli, sp. n General appearance and size much as in the smaller species of Nyctinomus. Kars roughly triangular in shape, with rounded corners; tragus and antitragus apparently normal. Feet comparatively small; toes hairy, the hairs extending along the margin of the interfembdral membrane for about 10 mm. Wings small, forearm only 27 mm. long; wing- membrane very narrow. Hair on back short, a few longer hairs near base of tail. General colour of back rusty red, hairs rather lighter at base than at tips. Under surface of body buffy white, the hairs becoming brownish on the flanks and sides of neck. ‘l'ail, as described above, with terminal half free. Interfemoral membrane naked on upper surface, below thinly clad with very minute white hairs. Skull with rather narrow brain-case, markedly so in the occipital region. Supraoccipital crest well developed, ex- tending back some distance beyond the exoccipital region. Sagittal crest but little developed. Zygoma fairly strong, expanded posteriorly. Anteorbital foramen large. Lachrymal ridge faintly indicated. Anterior palatal emargination about as large as base of upper incisor, extending well behind the roots of incisors. Palate slightly arched laterally, nearly flat antero-posteriorly ; pterygoids almost parallel, slightly divergent behind; basisphenoid pits moderately developed. Auditory bulla small and rather flat. Teeth as described above. Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :— Head and body 56 mm. ; tail 24; hind toot 8; ear 13; forearm 27. Skull: greatest length 17; basilar length 12°2; condylo- basi'ar length 14; greatest zygomatic breadth 10; inter- 14* 212 On new Fishes from South-western Colombia. orbital breadth 3°5 ; breadth of brain-case (across squamosal region) 8°6; breadth of rostrum (across lachrymal region) 6 ; palatilar length 9°8 ; width of palate inside m? 3°33; width across palate outside m? 7; postpalatal length 6°5; length of upper tooth-row from front of canine to back of m* 6:4; length of upper tooth-row from front of first premolar to back of m® 4°9; height of canine 3:2. Hab. Bibianaha, 60 miles W. of Kumasi, Gold Coast. Altitude 700 feet. 'Type.: Adult male. B.M. no. 41. 1, 14, 1... Original number 34. Collected on December 8th, 1910, by the donor, Dr, Ho Ge Pj Spurrell. It gives me great pleasure to associate this new and in- teresting bat with the name of Dr. Spurrell, to whom the National Collection is already indebted for many rare and unique West-African mammals, i XXI.— Descriptions of Three new Characinid Fishes fon South-western Colombias By G. A. BOULENGER, F.R.5. (Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) Lebiasina multimaculata. Depth of body 44 to 5 times in total length, length of head 4 to 44 times. Eye 3 (young) to 4 times in length of head, as long as snout in adult; interorbital width 24 times ; maxillary extending to below anterior third of eye. Dorsal II 8, about 12 times as distant from end of snout as from root of caudal. Anal ILI 8. Pectoral % length of head. Caudal deeply notched. Caudal peduncle a little longer than deep. Scales 28-29 in a longitudinal series, 18 round the body; lateral line reduced to the 4 anterior scales. Dark brown above, whitish beneath ; 9 to 11 roundish black spots along each side, the last at root of caudal; a blackish band on the anal. Total length 100 mm. Three specimens from the Condoto River at Condoto, Choco, 150 ft., from the collection of Mr. M. G. Palmer. ‘These types and the following preserved in the British Museum. i Luciocharae striatus. Depth of body 63 times in total length, length of head nearly 3 times. Snout longer than postocular part of head, 4 times diameter of eye, which is 13 times in interorbital On a new Species of Tabanide from British Guiana. 218 width ; maxillary extending to below posterior border of eye. Gill-rakers rather long and slender, 12 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal II 8, 24 times as distant from head or from root of caudal. Anal III 8, originating below middle of dorsal. Pectoral 2 length of head. Caudal deeply notched. Caudal peduncle twice as long as deep. Scales 48 3, dt be- tween lateral line and ventral; lateral scales with 16 to 18 radiating strong keels terminating in spines ; lateral line 30. Olive-brown above, whitish on the sides, with five olive-brown longitudinal streaks running between the series of scales, silvery white beneath; a large black ocellar spot, edged with yellow, at the root of the caudal; dorsal and caudal greyish, other fins whitish. Total length 200 mm. A single specimen from Boca de Calima, Choco, 5200 ft., from the collection of Mr. M. G. Palmer. Curimatus lineopunctatus. Depth of body 24 to 22 times in total length, length of head 4 times. Head nearly twice as long as deep, upper profile scarcely concave at occiput ; eye a little longer than snout, a little shorter than interorbital width, 3 times in length of head; adipose eyelid rudimentary. Gill-rakers short, 16 or 17 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal IIT9, its origin nearer end of snout than root of caudal. Anal III 7. Pectoral 2? length of head, not reaching ventral. Belly not keeled behind the ventrals. Caudal deeply forked, a little longer than head. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. Scales 40-42 ~" 6-7 between lateral line and ventral. Steel- erey above, silvery white beneath, the scales on the sides with round black spots forming regular longitudinal series ; a large round black blotch on the caudal peduncle. Total length 135 mm. Five specimens from Novita, Rio Tamana, Choco, 150- 200 ft., from the collection of Mr. M. G. Palmer. XXIII.—Entomological Notes from the London School of Tropical Medicine.—No. I. Description of a new Species of Tabanide from British Guiana. By Sopuia L. M. SumMERS, M.A., B.Sc.* THE species described below is near Dichclacera testacea, Macq., which, as Miss Ricardo states, has not the typical ——— * Communicated by Lt.-Colonel A. Alcock, C.LE., F.R.S. 214 Ona new Species of Tabanide from British Guiana. colouring and shape of the other species of the genus as she restricts it. It is much larger than D. testacea, measuring 19 mm. Its wings are smoky and blotched, whereas in D. testacea the wings are hyaline all except three dark spots. The tibia of the fore leg is white, but in D. testacea it is black. The abdomen is dark brown, in D. testacea a rusty brown. Dichelacera robiginosa, sp. n. Head broader than the thorax, front and face orange- yellow. Eyes large, black with a bronze shimmer, bare. Frontal callus a narrow stripe, hardly widening at the base. First two joints of the antenne reddish orange, third joint reddish brown, its spur reaching to the second annulation and sparsely beset with small bristles on its dorsal surface. First three annulations of the third joint dark brown, fourth almost black. Palps about as long as antenne, yellow, curved, rather thinly tomentose. Proboscis long, brown, blackish at the tip. Thorax avd scutellum rusty brown, under surface light brown. Legs: all the femora reddish yellow, as also are the tibia and greater part of the first tarsal joint of the second and third legs. Tibia of the first leg whitish in its proximal two- thirds, dark cinnamon-brown in its distal third. All the tarsal segments of the first legs nearly black, the last four tarsal segments of the second and third legs dark brown. Wings much clouded, the veins very dark. Costal cell smoky yellow. Between the subcostal and the fifth longi- tudinal veins the wing is blotchy and smoky, but the greater part of the discal and of the fifth posterior cells and a part of the fourth posterior cell are transparent, and the greater part of the second basal as well as a distal patch in the marginal and second submarginal cells and two narrow streaks in the first submarginal cell are translucent. The smoky biotches are darkest at the tip of the first longitudinal vein and its neighbourhood, round the anterior cross-vein and its neigh- bourhood, at the bifurcation of the third longitudinal vein, and at the tip of the discal cell. Abdomen dark brown, each segment from the second to the fifth inclusive with a well-defined median triangular yellow pateh. Under surface light brown. The specimen that constitutes the type of this species was sent to the London School of Tropical Medicine by Dr. K.S. Wise, Government Medical Officer, Georgetown, Demerara, On new Fishes in the British Museum. 215 and will be placed at the disposal of the British Museum. Dr. Wise has also sent specimens of the same species to the British Museum direct, and these—thanks to the kindness of Mr. K. E. Austen, whose ungrudging assistance in other ways I have also to acknowledge—have been compared in formulating the description of the species. XXIV.— Description of Two new Tetragonopterid Fishes in the British Museum. By Prof. C. H. HIGENMANN. DuRING a visit to the British Museum to examine types of South-American freshwater fishes Mr. G. A. Boulenger referred the following new material to me for identification. NEMATOBRYCON, gen. nov. Caudal three-pronged, the middle two rays nearly as long as, or even longer than, the outer rays, which are prolonged, filiform, Lateral line incomplete; no adipose fin; pre- maxillary teeth multicuspid, in two series; maxillary with large conical teeth along nearly its entire length ; caudal naked. A Tetragonopterid genus distinguished from all other genera of the subfamily by the absence of an adipose fin and the filamentous three lobes of the caudal. Nematobrycon palmeri, sp. n. Several specimens, 8-20 mm., from Condoto, Rio Condoto, and Novita, Rio T'amana, 8.W. Colombia. Collected by Mr. M. G. Palmer. British Museum. Head 4°2; depth 2°66; D. 10 or 11; A. 29-31. Scales 7—7+26—5. Hye3in head, “5-75 in snout, about equal to interorbital. Compressed, resembling Crenuchus and Pwctlocharax in general appearance and the absence of an adipose fin; dorsal and ventral profiles nearly equally arched ; highest point of dorsal profile at origin of dorsal fin; ventral profile regularly arched ; predorsal area with a median series of about seven scales ; preventral area narrowly rounded ; occipital process with three scales on each side, the process about one-fifth as long as its distance from its base to the dorsal; frontal fontanel minute ; interorbital moderately convex; second suborbital heavy, convex, in contact with the preopercle 216 On new Fishes in the British Museum. below; mouth oblique, jaws equal; maxillary equal to snout and one-third or one-half of the eye; premaxillary with three teeth in the outer series, four in the inner, about eleven teeth on the maxillary ; mandible with four large teeth in front and minute ones on the side. Scales regularly arranged, no interpolated scales over the anal; a basal sheath of scales on anal and caudal, these fins otherwise naked ; few or no radial striz. Origin of dorsal fin about equidistant from snout and middle caudal rays ; highest dorsal ray about 2 in the length ; in adult male the outer and middle caudal rays are produced in filaments about half as long as the body. Anal long, slightly emarginate in front, its origin equidistant from base of the middle caudal rays and the middle or end of the eye; ventrals reaching beyond origin of the anal; pectorals to or beyond origin of anal. (In formalin) a broad black band from the eye down and to the lower half of the caudal, margined above by a light line, fading out downwards. Upper surface coppery in life (?) ; dorsal filament, outer caudal filament, middle caudal rays and filament, and submarginal anal band black ; margin of anal hyaline. The dark lateral band most intense in Novita specimens. Knodus meride, sp. n. A specimen 53mm. Merida, Venezuela. C. M. Briceno. British Museum. Head4; depth4; D.10; A.16. Scales4—33—2. Eye 3°25 in the head, about *8 in snout, 1°25 in the interorbital. Basal half of caudal sealed. Slender, dorsal and ventral profiles scarcely arched. Snout short, blunt. Second sub- orbital covering the entire cheek, without a naked angle below its anterior corner. Maxillary 2 in snout and eye, Occipital process about one-cighth the distance of its base from the dorsal. Five teeth in outer row of premaxillary, the second retreated from the line; four teeth in inner series of premaxillary ; maxillary with 3 broad multicuspid teeth ; mandible with 8 graduated teeth. 'T'wo scales between lateral line and anal; each scale of sides with numerous radii ; bases of anal and caudal with large scales. First dorsal a little nearer to snout than to the base of middle caudal rays, the highest ray a little more than 5 in the length. Upper caudal lobe nearly 5 in the length, the lower slightly shorter. Anal scarcely emarginate; ventrals reaching to anal; pectorals not quite to ventrals, On Scorpions and Solifuge from the Sudan. 27, A broad silvery band tapering on the caudal peduncle, continued to end of middle caudal rays. No humeral or caudal spots. XXV.—Scorpions and Solifuge collected by Captain S. S. Flower in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. By 8S. Hirst. (Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) SCORPIONS. Buthus citrinus, H. & E. Loc. Wady Halfa. Buthus acutecarinatus, Sim. Loc. Khartoum and the Senaar Province; in the British Museum collection there are present also examples from Atbara (Dr. S. K, Malouf), and from Thebes and Ghizeh (S. S. #.) in Egypt. Buthus minax, L. Koch. Loc. Captain Flower collected examples of this species at Khartoum ; the mouth of the Pinder River; Senaar and Roseires. There are also specimens in the British Museum collection from Abyssinia. Remarks.—The male of Buthus * minaw differs from that of B. emini, Poc., principally in the structure of the tail, the upper keels of which are very much weaker, the lateral ones being exceedingly weak or absent in segments 2-4; more- over, the upper keel of the fifth caudal segment is represented by only a very short series of granules and the intercarinal spaces of the caudal segments are not nearly so strongly granular as 1s the case in B. emini. Tn the male of B. emini, on the other hand, segments 1-4 of the tail are each furnished with ten well-defined granular keels, the upper and lateral keels being quite distinct and composed of separate granules, which show no tendency to fuse with one another; the fifth caudal segment has a well-marked upper keel, which runs the entire length of the segment. [Buthus polystictus, Poc., is very closely allied to B. minazx and B. emeni, and Prof. Kraepelin + believes that it is only * Birula’s observations on Buthus minax and its allies (Sitz. Ber. Ak. Wiss. exvii. p. 141, 1908) should be consulted. + Zool. Jahrb. (Syst.) xviii. p. 560 (1903), 218 Mr. S. Hirst on Scorpions and Solifuge a variety of the latter. I think that it is undoubtedly more closely allied to B. eminé than to B. minaz, but that it should be regarded as a distinct species and not merely as a variety. The male can be readily distinguished from that of B.emind by its much narrower hand, which is only slightly broader than the brachium, and longer and more slender fingers ; moreover, the movable finger has only a very slight low lobation, and the immovable finger is without any definite lobe. The hand and fingers, indeed, are very similar in shape in both sexes in B. polystictus and resemble closely those of the female of B. emini. In the male of B. eminz, however, the hand is very much broader than the brachium, and the fingers are very different in shape to those of the female; they are shorter and stouter, and both the movable one and the immovable one in the adult are furnished with very distinct lobes, that of the immovable finger being especially strong. In addition to the specimens of B. poly- stictus determined by Mr. Pocock, I have examined sixteen males and forty-three females and young from Berbera, and eleven males and twenty-two females from the Wagar Mountains behind Berbera; these specimens were collected by Mr. G. W. Bury.] Buthus quinquestriatus, H. & E. Loe. Captain Flower collected examples of this well- known species at Wady Halfa, Khartoum, and the Blue Nile. [A specimen of the following species from the Sudan has been acquired by the Trustees of the British Museum. | Parabuthus liosoma hunteri, Poe. Parabuthus huntert, Poe. J. Linn, Soc., Zool. xxv. p. 309 (1895). Additional Loe. Omdurman, Sudan. A _ large male example collected by Capt. H. N. Dunn, R.A.M.C. Measurements of this specimen in mm.—Total length 99 ; length of carapace 11°5, of fifth caudal segment 12°5; width of fitth caudal segment 7°25. Remarks.—'Vhis scorpion was described from specimens obtained at Duroor and Suakin. As pointed out by Mr. Pocock, it can be distinguished from Parabuthus liosoma [typical form] by the greater slenderness of the tail and by the presence of a basal tubercle on the fingers of the hand, &c. It must be noted, however, that the width of the tail varies somewhat even in specimens from the same locality. from the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. 209 The example from Omdurman has a more slender tail than any of the original specimens. Pandinus exitialis, Poe. Scorpio exitialis, Poc. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) ii. p. 249 (1888). Pandinus exitialis, Krpln. Das Tierr. Scorp. &e, p. 119 (1899); Krpln. Zool. Jahrb. (Syst.) xviii. p. 567 (1903). Loc. Abu Haraz, Blue Nile (Capt. S. S. Flower) ; asmall male example measuring 85 mm. in length. Remarks.—This example from the Blue Nile is a slight variety of P. exttial’s, The granulation of the under surface of the humerus of the palp is very weak, except at the edges. Four complete keels and a short inner keel are present on the dorsal surface of the hand, and the tubercles are confluent in places, but not nearly to the same extent as in the variety, which I describe below under the name sudanicus. In his account of P. exitialis, Mr. Pocock says that there is a single dry specimen from Schoa in the British Museum collection. ‘There are present, however, in the collection, three dry examples (co-types) of this species, all of which were collected by Sir W. C. Harris at Schoa. Four com- plete keels are distinctly visible on the hand of one of these specimens, and traces of these keels can be seen in the other two and in the variety from Gebel Mel. [ Var. sudanicus, var. nov. ‘This variety may be compared with the typical form of the species (from Schoa) as follows :—Dorsal surface of the hand much smoother, nearly the entire surface of the lobe being furnished with low anastomosing ridges instead of isolated tubercles (fhese ridges are smaller and narrower than those of P. greguryi, and they are finely, but distinctly, punctured as in that species) ; the keels on the under surface of the hand are more sparsely and weakly granular than in the typical form. Proximal half of the under side of the humerus granular as in the typical form. Tarsal lobes of posterior legs with three spines, which are arranged in the same way as in the typical P. eadtialis; the total number of spines on the anterior side of the tarsus is four, and the total number on the posterior side six or seven. Pectinal teeth twenty-one or twenty-two in number. Last abdominal sternite without any trace of keels. Measurements in mm.—Total length 111 ; length of cara- pace 18. Loc. Gebel Mel, 12 miles south of Obeid, Sudan ; a single female example captured by Capt. H. N. Dunn, R.A.M.C.] 220 Mr. 8. Hirst on Scorpions and Solifuge SOLIFUGA. Galeodes arabs, C. L. Koch. Loc. Wady Walfa (Surgeon-Mujor Penton and Capt. 8.8. Flower); Omdurman and Khartoum (Capt. S. S. Flower). The Museum possesses also examples from the Nabardi Mines (Sudan), from the White Nile, and from a number of places in Egypt. Remarks.—A large male specimen (in spirit) collected by Capt. Flower at Wady Halfa differs from all others of this species, which I have seen, in having the spinal armature of the tarsi of both the legs of the third pair | 2+2+42 | 2 | instead of | 1+2+4+2|2]. The armature of the legs of the second pair is, as usual, | 1+2+2|2]. In all other details both of colour and structure this specimen agrees with some quite typical specimens of G. arabs from the same locality. The young example from Shendy, Sudan, which was deter- mined by Dr. Tullgren * as G. araneoides, Pallas, is, perhaps, only an aberration of G. arabs, similar to this one from Wady Halfa. OTHOES, gen. nov. Patella and tibia of maxillipalp (of female) without either spines or bristles. Legs long and slender; the tarsus of the first leg apparently without claws and furnished at the end with a dense scopula of fine hairs, which are forked at their extremities. ‘T'arsi of second and third legs with the spinal Fig. 1. _ oOo .O Fig. 1.—Galeodes arabs, C. L. Koch, side view of claws of fourth leg. Fig. 2.—Othoes floweri, gen. et sp. n. = ns be _ armature | 1+1+2+2 | 2(1) |; as will be seen from this formula, an additional unpaired spine is present on the proximal segment, the spines on the anterior side of this segment being four in number (two of which are unpaired), * In Jagerskidld’s ‘ Results of the Swedish Zoological Expedition to Egypt, 1901,’ Uppsala, pt. 3, no. 21 a, p. 1 (1909). from the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. 221 and those on the posterior side only two in number. Claws of the second, third, and fourth pairs of legs much longer than in Galeodes, those of the legs of the fourth pair being the longest (fig. 1 and fig. 2). Othoes flowert, sp. n. Immovable finger of the chelicera with the second and fifth teeth (counting from the distal end) the largest ; the posterior of the two teeth which are present between these major teeth is exceedingly minute; first tooth of the row of large size and separated from the second by a fairly large gap. Between the two large teeth of the movable finger, also, two minor teeth are present, and the posterior of them is very minute (fig. 3). Mazillipalp very long and slender, ~ ao Fic. Oe Othoes flower?, gen. et sp. n., chelicera from the inner side. and its femur is furnished below, on the inner side, with a row of about five or six fairly strong spines and also with weaker spines; patella and tibia without either thorns or bristles, the latter narrowed distally; tarsus freely movable and more slender and not so abruptly narrowed as is the case in the species of Galeodes—moreover, it is furnished with a scopula composed of forked hairs, similar to those at the end of the tarsus of the first leg. Handles of the maleoli about equal in length to or a little less than the greatest length of the blades. Metatarsus of fourth leg with the spinal arma- ture (L+1)+1+2+42, but the proximal unpaired spines (enclosed in brackets in the formula) are much weaker than the others. ‘lhe spinal armature of the tarsus of the fourth leg is |2+2+2|2[0]|. Colour.—Body, cheliceree, and legs pale yellow; a fine blackish line is present, however, along the anterior margin of the head-plate, and the ocular tubercle is also black, but it has an ill-defined longitudinal yellowish streak in the middle. Patella and tibia of maxillipalp black and the tarsus slightly darkened ; the basal segments of this appendage are pale yellow. 222 Bibliographical Notice. Measurements in mm.—Laength of body 22°5; greatest breadth of anterior margin of head-plate 5°75; length of chelicera 9, of palp (excluding the coxa) 29°75, of patella es palp 11, of tibia of palp 6°75, of tarsus of palp 2, of fourth eg 44:5. Loc. Wady Halfa; a single female specimen, collected by Capt. 8. S. Flower. Desia sp. Loe. Khartoum and the Blue Nile; owing to the absence of the male, I have not ventured to determine this species. BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTICE. Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalene in the British Museum. Vol. X. Noctuide, By Sir Georce F. Hampson, Bart. London: Printed by Order of the Trustees, 1910. Price 20s. 8vo. Pp. xix, 829. Ir will hardly be disputed that Sir George F. Hampson is one of the most energetic and hard-working of living Entomologists, when we consider that this huge volume, the thickest of the whole series, was published at the end of the same year, the beginning of which saw the appearance of vol. ix. of the series, though that volume was smaller and contained only 552 pages, The fascicule of coloured plates belonging to vol. x., however, is not yet ready, but will appear shortly. The present volume is devoted to the subfamily Hrastriane, and includes 1222 species belonging to 136 genera, illustrated by 214 figures in the text, showing wings, neuration, head, &e. We believe that another volume will probably complete the Noctuids, of which the author has already described 6197 in vols. iv._x. of his work. The Erastriane, as the term is used by the author, include all the British moths classed under the section Minores by Guenée, except Acontia luctuosa and Hrastria venustula; the latter, how- ever, is described by Hampson in his vol. vii. p. 493, n. 4201, as Monodces venustula in the subfamily Acronyctine. The British species described and sometimes figured in vol. x., under Erastriane, are Hublemma ostrina, Hiibn. (p. 118), E. parva, Hiibn. (p. 186), Lithacodia fasciana, L. (= fuscula, Schiff. (p. 539), Hustrotia uncula, Clerck (p. 578, fig.), Hustrotia olivana, Schiff. (= bankiana, Fabr.) (p. 580), EHrastria trabealis, Scop. (= sulphuralis, L.) (p. 660, fig.), and Tarache lucida, Hutn. (= solaris, Schiff.). Except Lithacodia fuscula, all these species are local in Britain (though one or two are common in their special Geological Society. 223 localities) and some are very rare, though the small species of Eublemma may be liable to be overlooked, from their inconspicuous appearance; they frequent waste ground. The Hrastriune, as recognized by Sir George Hampson, are characterized as follows :—‘ Vein 5 of the hind wing is typically nearly fully developed and usually arises from well above the lower angle of the cell, although it is rarely obsolescent and then springs from the middle of the discocellulars; the eyes are not hairy ; the tibie are not spined; and the larve have the first pair or first two pairs of prolegs aborted. ‘The subfamily is to a large extent confined to the tropical and warmer temperate regions, especially the more arid districts, and it has few species in the colder zones, and none in the Arctic and Alpine zones.” We may add that the species are usually of small or moderate size and of varied patterns, and often attractively coloured, the so- called “* Noctwa-pattern ” being rarely distinctly indicated. PROCEEDINGS OF LEARNED SOCIETIES. GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. January 11th, 1911.—Prof. W. W. Watts, Sc.D., M.Se., F.R.S., President, in the Chair. The following communication was read :— ‘The Zonal Classification of the Salopian Rocks of Cautley and Ravenstonedale. By Miss G. R. Watney and Miss E, G. Welch. The district described lies north-east of Sedbergh and west of the Dent Fault. An account of the literature treating of previous work is given, and the succession of the zones is described. They are as follows :— . Ties D 3. Zone of Monograptus leintwardinensis. ower | Ho M Cee a Na Kaos. ; 5 onograptus nilssont. IDA » Phacops obtusicaudatus. C 4. » Cyrtograptus lundgreni. C 3. » Cyrtograptus rigidus. ValesiSBHele as 4 » Monograptus riccartonensis. Cl. », Cyrtograptus murchisoni. Below are Valentian rocks (A & B divisions of the Stockdale Shales). The Wenlock Beds are most fully developed in some streams entering the River Rawthey from the south. The detailed succession of these is given, and confirmatory sections are described in other parts of the district. 224 Miscellaneous. The Ludlow Beds are found mainly in the northern part of the area, where the geology is simpler. A comparison is instituted between these beds and those described in the Welsh Borderland by Miss Elles & Miss Wood (Mrs. Shakespear), and those of Wenlock age in Southern Sweden described by Tullberg. Zone of Monograptus leintwardinensis.| Zone of IL. leintwardinensis. CAUTLEY. Wetsu BorpDERrs. SouTHERN SWEDEN. ; M. tumescens Red grits and flags; P=/| ” : : : EASON » MM. scanicus. Zone of Monograptus nilssoni. » DM. nilssoni. » Phacops obtusicaudatus. ?=| ,, WM. vulgaris. » Cyrtograptus lundgreni. » OC. lundgreni. Zone of C. carruthersi. C. rigidus 9 QO * soe ees ie : . rigidus. », Cyrtograptus rigidus. » C. linnarssoni. eg fe ee » C.symmetricus. » IM. riccartonensis. » Monograptus riccartonensis. » DU. riccartonensis. » Cyrtograptus murchisoni. » C. murchisoni. 3» CC. murehisoni, A description of a Cyrtograptus intermediate in character be- tween OC. rigidus and C. symmetricus, and of a new Monograptus from the Nilssoni Beds of Wandale Hill, is given in a palzonto- logical section. MISCELLANEOUS. Wirn reference to Plate vi. in our issue of September last, Major Connolly finds that, in course of reproduction, the artist's original drawings were reduced by one-fortieth. This is unfortunate, as the small figures were intended to represent the actual size of the specimens figured. Also in fig. 1 of the same plate, representing Euonyma turriformis, the shell erroneously shows a marginal suture. This is due to a wrong light-effect, and does not exist in the original, Soeben erschienen! Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der schwedischen zoologischen Expedition nach dem Kilimandjaro, dem Meru und den umgebenden Massaisteppen Deutsch-Ostafrikas 1905-1906 unter Leitung von Prof. Dr. Yngve Sjéstedt. Herausgegeben mit Unterstiitzung der Kénigl. Schwedischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. 3 Bande 4°, Mit 2328 Seiten, 87 Tafeln und 175 Textfiguren. P. Palmquist’s A. G. Verlag in Stockholm. Preis 250 Mark. This Work is the only one of its kind and is the largest in Swedish Research which has been published concerning a Swedish Zoological Journey. It is complete, — over 59,000 animals having beeii collected’ by the Expedition, and deals with over 4300 species, of which more than 1400 have proved new to Science. Absolutely necessary for every explorer who interests himself in the African Fauna. “La faune d’aucune partie de l’Afrique n’a été encore |’objet d’une aussi belle monographie.”’—d’Orbigny. ; CONTENTS OF NUMBER 38.—Eighth ee a _ Page me XVI. Notes from the Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andree ; No. XXXIL By Prof. MInzosu, M.D., LL.D, F.RS, &. en (Plates VAViL) io citias coy encase ery eas aise ye oe XVII. New Species of Heterocera from Costa Rica.—V. By W. Somavs, WLS. ......00scee.000 a oe os eo eee 173 XVIII. A Synopsis of the Marsipobranchs of the Order Hypero- si x arti. By C. Tare Reean, M.A. ....... A EN eA XIX. On the Systematic Position of Macristium chavesi, By C. 4 Darn Regan, MASS Coss ceeq eine cee AME ase ute ceeeeee 204 | by: XX. New Asiatic Muride. By eee Tera Cr oli eee ao XXI. Description of a new Genus of Molossine Bats from West Africa. By Guy DoLuMAN, B.A. eeceectcee 01876, 87058) 4 Re 0) S B98 iarw ree 210 _ XXII. Descriptions of Three new Characinid Fishes from South- — a western Colombia. By G. A. Boununenr, F.R.S. ..........-- ne 212 XXIII. Entomological Notes from the London School of Tropical : & Medicine.—No. I. Description of a new Species of Zabanide from = he British Guiana. By Soruia L. M. Summers, M.A., B. Se. ny eae ee oy XXIV. Description of Two new Tetragonopterid Fishes in the 4 British Museum. By Prof. C. H. EIGEnMANN .......0+ccsecese+ 215 XXV. Scorpions and Solifuge collected by Captain s. 8. Flower in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. By S. Hinst......-....00- ete ‘ BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTICE. Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalenz in the British Missa Vol. X. Noctuide, By Sir Groner F, per Barty ess PROCEEDINGS OF LEARNED SOOIETIES. Geological Society eeeoeeceseoeoeoeceoeeece coset eevee eeeer ee ee ee eee eee MISCELLANEOUS. Corrections by Major ConnoLhy ..... ces ce cceescesectececens 2h *,* Itis requested that all Communications for this Work may be alldscacea post-paid, to the Care of Messrs. Taylor and Francis, Printing Office, a Red Lion Court, Fleet Street, London. me * Vol. a _ EIGHTH SERIES. No. ae THE A N NALS. MAGAZINS OF NATURAL HISTORY, INCLUDING ZOOLOGY, BOTANY, anp GEOLOGY. MAR. 1911. CONDUCTED BY ALBERT C. L. G. 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[FIGHTH SERIES.] No. 39. MARCH 1911, XX VI. — Descriptions and Records of Bees —XXXIV. By T. D. A. Cockeret, University of Colorado. LITHANTHIDIUM, gen. nov. Related apparently to Anthidium; robust, thorax above very finely and densely punctured, sides of thorax with large coarse punctures (this sculpture practically as in Dianthi- dium say?) ; hind tibie densely hairy. Abdomen probably with a ventral scopa, but it is not clearly preserved ; stigma large ; marginal cell narrowly rounded at tip, the apex a little below costa ; two submarginal cells, the second receiving both recurrent nervures, the first some distance from base, the second a little before apex ; outer side of second s.m. with a single gentle curve; basal nervure strongly arched at lower (basad) end, where it meets the trausverso-medial, the latter being shghtly arched outwards and not noticeably oblique. The arching of the base of the basal nervure is also observed in the living (Asiatic) Protanthidium steloides, which differs, however, in the shape of the second s.m., and in having the second r.n. going beyond apex of second s.m. There is some resemblance to the fossil Pelandrena reducta, but in Pelandrena the second s.m. is contracted apically and the t.-m. is oblique. Lithanthidium pertriste, sp. n. Black, very robust. Head and thorax about 4 mm. long, abdomen about 43, doubtless 5 when extended; anterior _ Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. vii. 15 226 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and wings 5 mm. long, strongly dusky throughout, stigma and nervures dark reddish brown. Wing-measurements as follows in w: depth of stigma 255; length of marginal cell 1632; depth of marginal cell 425 ; upper end of second t.-c. to end of marginal cell 935; second s.m. on marginal 476 ; length of outer side of second s.m. 510; first discoidal on second s.m. 153; greatest length (diagonally) of first dis- coidal 1445; third discoidal on second s.m. 595; end of second r.n. to end of second s.m. 51; basal nervure on first s.m. 272; b. n. on first discoidal (not allowing for curve) 578; length of t.-m. 408. Hab. Fossil in the Miocene shales of Florissant, Colorado, at Station 14 (W. P. Cockerel!). Dasypoda comberi, sp. n. 9? .—Like D. plumipes (Panz.), perhaps averaging rather smaller, with the hair of head and thorax above entirely fulvo-ochraceous, without black or fuscous. Wings duskier, especially the broad apical margin; knees, tibiz, and tarsi ferruginous, outer side of anterior tibiz dusky; thick fringe of fifth abdominal segment, and hair of apical segment, warm ochraceous, not at all sooty or black; scattered hair between the abdominal bands partly black and _ partly ochraceous. go .—Pubescence pale yellowish, almost grey, white be- neath; abdomen slender, about 2 mm. broad ; flagellum dusky ferruginous beneath; legs coloured as in female; no dark hair on vertex ; abdomen without black hair; sixth ventral segment broadly emarginate in middle, and with the lateral margins raised and thickened. Hab. Karachi, India, 29, 1 ¢ (EH. Comber). British Museum. The females are labelled April 1909. The genus is new to India. In Friese’s table of Paleearctic species the Indian species falls between D. plumipes and D. panzeri, having rather the coloration of the latter, while the abdomen is formed as in plumipes, only rather more slender in the female, con- siderably more in the male. In the female the third antennal joint (about 425 pw) is equal to the next two com- bined. It is evident that D. plumipes, var. flavescens, Friese, from Egypt, is very like our insect, being substantially a plumipes coloured like panzeri; but, so far as Friese’s account shows, the legs of flavescens are as in plumipes, and the colour-peculiarities seem to be confined to the abdomen. D. grohmanni, Spinola, from Sicily, has the legs coloured as in D. comberi, but it is a large form like D. visnaga. Records of Bees. 227 Euaspis (Parevaspis) carbonaria (Smith). Salsette, N.W. India (Z. Comber). British Museum, Euaspis (Parevaspis) basalis (Rits.). Both sexes from Takao, Formosa, Aug. 20, 1907 (Sauter). Berlin Museum. These agree with the southern material of E. basalis, rather than with the Japanese, but I have not been able to recognize more than one species (¢f. Aun. & Mag. Nat. Hist., Sept. 1904, p. 207). Systropha tropicalis, sp. 0. 3 .—Length about 9 mm. Black, closely resembling S. curvicornis (Seopoli), with the same peculiar antenne, except that the apical joints are considerably shorter, but differing conspicuously as follows : Wings darker and browner ; stigma and nervures very dark brown; first s.m. much shorter ; sides of vertex very smooth and shining; area of metathorax a broad sharply-margined smooth and shining transverse channel. Abdomen narrower, much more delicately sculptured, finely pruinose-pubescent (not coarsely hairy) above, at sides with rather abundant long pale hair; apex rounded, rather narrow ; second yentral segment with a pair of low transversely elongated shining tubercles, third with a pair of broad conical tubercles. ? —Length about 8 mm. Like S. curvicornis, with the same thickencd flagellum, but wings as described for male; mesothorax and scutellum more shining; area of metathorax granular, but sharply margined. - Abdomen more finely sculptured ; segments 3 to 5 with short black hair. Hab. Ceylon, 1910 (EZ. Comber). British Museum. The type is a male from Kandy, collected in February ; another male is labelled “ Kandy,” March. Females are from Kandy (February) and Matale (March). Nurse records S. planidens, Giraud, from Quetta, but the occurrence of this Palzearctic genus in Ceylon is very remarkable. Melecta formosana, sp. 0. 9 .—Length about 14 mm. Black, the abdomen stained with reddish, the hind margin of second segment broadly clear ferruginous; head and thorax with abundant long pale ochreous hair, but very long dark brown hairs on vertex and at extreme sides of face, ; 15* 228 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and and thorax with a broad band of dark chocolate-brown hair between the wings, also a little brown hair just below the bases of the wings, and a large tuft of the same at the base of each of the very long, curved, acute scutellar spines ; legs very dark reddish or reddish black, with ochreous pubescence and ferruginous spurs ; hind basitarsus straight ; tegule margined with ferruginous. Wings very brown, though translucent ; abdomen broad-conical, without spots, but covered with very fine appressed fox-red pubescence. Mandibles dark red except at base and apex ; labrum broadly emarginate at apex ; clypeus minutely granular, the linear margin shining; flagellum dark reddish; fourth antennal joiut much longer than fifth, but not nearly twice as long; mesothorax shining, with strong separate punctures ; apical plate of abdomen extremely narrow. Close to M. hima- layana, Bingham, but differing in details of sculpture and pubescence. Hab. Kosempo, Formosa, 1908 (Sauter). Berlin Museum. This is an example of a Formosan species resembling a Himalayan one. The genus is new to Formosa. Sphecodes formosanus, sp. 0. ? .—Length 10-105 mm. Black, the abdomen chestnut-red, with the last two segments and the apical middle of the fourth more or less black ; face broad, yet not so broad as in S. fuscipennis ; eyes prominent ; mandibles long, curved, dark reddish in the middle, with a strong inner tooth far from the apex; hair of head and thorax dull white, rather dense on face, especially at sides, very dense along border of prothorax and tubercles. Clypeus short, transverse, shining, with large dense punctures and no median groove ; antenne black, flagellum faintly brown- ish ; third and fourth antennal joints very short, much broader than long, fourth a little the longer, both together longer than fifth; front and vertex very strongly and densely punctured ; mesothorax shining, the rather dense punctures very large and strong (not so dense as in S. japonicus, Ckll.) ; scutellum like hind part of mesothorax ; pleura very coarsely rugoso-punctate; metathorax broadly truncate, the basal area shining, with very strong ridges, which are crossed by a transverse ridge, its apical part with large irregular pits ; tegule black at base, dilute brown beyond, the margin partly whitish. Wings dark fuscous, hyaline basally ; legs normal, claw-joimts red at end. Abdomen shining, rather closely punctured, the punctures strong, though much Records of Bees. 229 smaller than those of thorax (they are about as in S. fusci- pennis) ; first two segments gibbous subapically (especially at sides) and depressed apically ; apical segments with some fuscous hair. Hab. Formosa (Sauter). Berlin Museum. This type is labelled simply “ Formosa”; others are from Taihanroku, June 4 and 11, 1908. Near to the Indian S. fuscipennis, Smith, but that has only the first abdominal segment constricted apically. Also rather like the European S. fuscipennis, Rossi. The well-punctured abdomen readily separates it from the Japanese S. japonicus, Ckll. The genus is new to Formosa. Andrena formosana, sp. n. ? .—Length 12-13 mm. Black, the small joints of tarsi reddish brown; hair of head and thorax above ferruginous, not dense—on vertex it is dark fuscous, on under side of head and thorax it is dull white. Head very broad, facial quadrangle much broader than long ; clypeus large, smooth and shining, with scattered distinct punctures, and a faint median raised line on its lower third ; malar space linear ; process of labrum broadly truncate, the truncation shallowly emarginate; cheeks broadly rounded, ordinary; face on each side of clypeus rugosely punctured ; facial fovee reddish, broad, occupying at least half distance between eye and antenne, not separated from orbit, ending below slightly below level of upper margin of clypeus; antenne dark, third joint lounger than the next two combined ; mesothorax and scutellum shining, strongly punctured, the punctures sparse on mesothorax posteriorly and disc of scutellum ; metathorax rugose, basal area triangular, rather poorly defined, irregularly wrinkled and rugose, without any distinct longitudinal ridges, the apical part transversely striate; tegule ferruginous, darker basally. Wings strongly dusky; stigma moderate, dark rufo-piceous, nervures rufo-fuscous ; second s.m. receiving first r. n. at (sometimes before) middle; third s.m. twice as broad as second, narrowed one-half above; legs normal, inner side of anterior and middle tarsi with reddish hair, but of hind tarsi with purplish sooty ; hair of hind tibize fuscous posteriorly ; scopa of hind femora and trochanteric floceus white.. Abdomen shining, strongly, moderately closely punctured, more sparsely on first segment; second segment very feebly depressed, less than one-half; the very scanty hair beyond first segment dark fuscous, as also the 230 Mr. T. D. A. Coekerell— Descriptions and apical fimbria, but hind margins of segments 2 to 4 with very narrow white hair-bands, which in most of the speci- mens are partly or wholly lost. 3 .—Length about 9 mm. Clypeus (except two black spots) and large triangular lateral marks (nearly fillmg space between elypeus and eye, but hardly going above level of top of clypeus) very light yellow ; hair of head and thorax above pale reddish. Abdo- men with sparse small punctures, and the hind margins of the segments reddish ; third antennal joint shorter than the next two comhined ; abdomen without hair- bands. Hab. Formosa (Sauter), 6 9,3 ¢, in Berlin Museum. The genus is new to Formosa. In its broad head this resembles 4. vitiosa, Smith, from China, but it differs in many other respects. There is also evident affinity with the European A. /abialis, Kirby. I possess only the male of labialis, which is considerably larger than that of formosana, with the lateral face-marks longer and the abdomen duller and much more hairy. ‘The type of A. formosana is a female. Nomada secessa, sp. 0. ? .— Length about 11 mm. Ferruginous, marked with black and yellow ; no yellow on thorax or legs; on face a little at lower corners, but no other yellow on head ; pubescence scanty, short and fox red on vertex, mesothorax, and scutellum, white on cheeks, pleura, and metathorax ; clypeus with scattered fuscous hairs, especially toward sides ; head broad, facial quadrangle about square ; mandibles simple ; labrum with a minute tooth or tubercle ; area of ocelli, middle of face irregularly (enclosing a dull reddish supraclypeal patch), and hind part of cheeks black ; antenne stout, ordinary, ferruginous, the flagellum with a dusky shade; third antennal joint conspicuously shorter than fourth; mesothorax as densely punctured as possible, dull reddish, with a broad black median band and evanescent lateral ones ; scutellum rather prominent, but little bilobed ; metathorax with a dusky median band ; pleura red; tegule shining red, punctured. Wings dark on apical margin; b. nu. going some distance basad of t.-m.; second s.m. nearly as broad above as third, receiving first r. n. at or slightly before middle ; legs shining red, femora clouded with black at base. Abdomen red, very finely punctured ; first segment rather narrow, its basal half black, its apical red, without yellow; second rather narrowly black at base and apex, with a large lemon-yellow spot on each side, the Records of Bees. 231 distance between the spots over twice the diameter of either 5 third dark at extreme base and apex, with four small spots of yellow, the inner ones mere dots; fourth broadly black at base, with an obscure yellow dot on each side, and a broad transverse median yellow band, truncate on each side aud constricted in the middle ; fifth with a broad yellow band across middle; pygidial plate very large, covered with shining yellowish-silvery hair; third and fourth ventral seg- ments with large yellow marks, fifth with a bifid mark im middle and an elongate one on each side. Hab. Formosa (Sauter),19@. Berlin Museum. Genus new to Formosa. In Nurse’s key to the Indian species, Nomada secessa runs to N. beata, Nurse, to which it seems to he related, differing in the sculpture of the metathorax (the area in secessa granular, plicate basally, without a median impressed line) and the details of the ornamentation. In Schmiedeknecht’s table of European species it runs with little difficulty to N. ruficornis, L., to which it is evidently related, although certaiuly distinct. Allodape marginata, Smith. So far as I can at present determine, A. marginata, Smith, A. philippinensis (Ashmead), and A. cupulifera, Vachal, con- stitute a single widely distributed species. I have before me, from the Berlin Museum, one male and twenty-five females collected by Sauter in Formosa, mostly at Takao, Aug. 18 to Dec. 2, 1907. One female is from Taihanroku, June 11, 1908. The male only differs from cupulifera in the absence of a yellow line on the scape. The linear lateral face-marks are mentioned by Vachal, but overlooked by Bingham. The first abdominal segment in some specimens collapses on drying, giving rise to the “cupulilera 2 character. A, picitarsis, Cameron, from the Laccadive Islands, is a close relative, but the light colour of the female clypeus is not at all broadened below, and there are other differences. My specimen of picitarsis (one of the original lot) has the first abdominal segment cupuliferous through collapsing. Exoneura libanensis, Friese. I am greatly indebted to the Rey. F. D. Morice for one of the original examples of this Syrian species. It is a female ; the male is unknown. Mr. Morice writes me that it was found high up on Lebanon, in a climate much like that of 232 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell— Descriptions and Switzerland or the Tyrol, among cherry-trees, vines, and fig- trees. The occurrence is very remarkable, since the other species of Hxoneura are Australian. Compared with the Australian E. bicolor, the Syrian insect differs not only in colour, but very conspicuously in the elongated face, with projecting elypeus and large malar space ; also in the shape of the abdomen and the venation. Com- pared with LF. bicolor, E. libanensis has the stigma smaller, the marginal cell narrower, the second s.m. smaller, and the lower section of b. n. much more oblique. In general, . libanensis is very like the Australian Allo- dape simillima, Smith, or the African A. nigricollis, Vachal ; but both of these have the lower section of b. n. much more nearly vertical, H#. libanensis has a shallow basin-hke depression at the base of the metathorax, aud the same is well indicated in Allodape simillima. There is no doubt that E. libanensis is an offshoot from Allodape, but it probably arose by a parallel variation, quite independently of the Australian forms. The South-African Allodape rufogastra, Lep. (the type of the genus), has the lower section of b. n. oblique as in Ewoneura libanensis. This is not the case, however, in A. variegata, Smith, another species with red abdomen. In view of the differences noted, Hxoneura libanensis may be taken as the type of a subgenus (? genns) HxXoNeuRIDIA. Lithurgus collaris, Smith. This Japanese species was described from the male. A female from Formosa, 145 mm. long, agrees with Smith’s description, except for the usual sexual characters, including the roughened mesothorax. The clypeus is longitudinally keeled, and the hair along its lower margin, as well as that on lower part of cheeks and front of anterior coxee, is ferru- ginous. The Polynesian L. albofimbriatus, Sichel, has a tuft of black hair just behind the wings, but is otherwise practi- cally the same. The Formosan L. collaris was taken by Sauter at Pilam, 1908, and is in the Berlin Museum. Andrena albihirta (Ashmead). Mr. S. A. Rohwer took both sexes in numbers at flowers of Salix brachycarpa, at Florissant, Colorado, June 1 and 2, 1907. The male has no tooth on the mandibles below and is not the same as A. perarmata, Ckll., which Viereck in 1904 considered synonymous. ‘True male A. perarmata, with toothed mandibles, has been taken by Mrs. Bennett at Records of Bees. 233 Boulder, Colorado, April 10, at flowers of Negundo. The male of. .A. cockerelli, Grzenicher, has the hair on lower half of sides of metathorax white, and hair all white on middle and hind femora, but otherwise it is like A. albihirta. Male albihirta has the hair on sides of metathorax all black and a good deal of long black hair on all the femora. Prosopis mediolucens, sp. 0. ¢.—Length 6 mm. or slightly more. Black, with yellow markings (turned red by cyanide in the type). Head ordinary, rather broad; front extremely densely and minutely punctured, sides of vertex irregularly and more sparsely, showing the shining surface; clypeus with large close punctures; face below antenne yellow ; supraclypeal mark ending obtusely between antenne ; lateral marks ending at about level of middle of scape, where they are obliquely truncate, somewhat notched ; scape only mode- rately thick, with a broad yellow stripe in front ; flagellum dark ferruginous above, pale ferrugmous beneath ; thorax with short white hair, as usual; mesothorax finely and closely punctured, but shining, scutellum more coarsely and irregu- larly punctured ; metathorax convex, finely rugulose, but basal area large, semicircular, smooth and shining, with strong transverse ridges laterally ; pleura coarsely and densely punctured ; upper border of prothorax interrupted in middle, and tubercles yellow; tegule hight testaceous. Wings clear, stigma ferruginous ; first r. n. joining extreme apical corner of first s.m. ; second s.m. much longer than high. Legs shining, with the knees, apical third of anterior femora beneath, anterior tibix except a patch behind, middle and hind tibie except a broad subapical annulus, and the basitarsi yellow ; small joints of tarsi ferruginous. Abdo- men shining, finely punctured, the first segment sparsely and feebly ; hind margins of first three segments at sides thinly hairy ; apex with a brush of white hair. Hab. Takao, Formosa, Nov. 21, 1907 (Sauter). Berlin Museum. Genus new to Formosa. An ordinary-looking little species of Palearctic facies, with face-marks nearly as in the American P. citrinifrons, Ckll., but recognizable by the character of the metathorax. With a compound microscope it is seen that the apical half of the metathoracic enclosure has three complete transverse ridges, which are quite straight, while the basal half has four somewhat oblique ridges on each side, these being evanescent and more or less coalescent in the middle. So far as I know, this sculpturing is unique. 234 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and Epeolus peregrinus, sp. 0. ¢ .— Length about 7 mm.; expanse about 14. Black, including legs and antenne, except that the scape has a red spot at extreme base; pubescent markings white ; apical half of mandibles dark reddish; labrum coarsely rugoso-punctate, with a pair of little tubercles on the lower part; eyes pale grey, orbits strongly converging below ; face, except lower margin of clypeus, densely covered with white hair; third antennal joint much longer than fourth, but not as long as fourth and tifth together ; sides of vertex shining, with very large punctures; occipital margin sharp; cheeks covered with white hair; white hair on upper border of prothorax interrupted in middle, the interval finely punc- tured ; mesothorax and scutellum shining, with large irre- gular punctures ; mesothorax with a pair of short, broad, greyish-white hair-bands anteriorly, one half as long on each margin in front of tegule, and a spot at each posterior corner; scutellum projecting but obtuse, with a strong median depression; axillar teeth thick, well-developed ; mesopleura and mesosternum densely covered with white hair, but a dusky band extends obliquely upwards and forwards from middle coxe halfway across pleura, and ventrally there is a small black spot on each side; tegule black, punctured, the margin slightly reddish. Wings strongly smoky, stigma and nervures very dark rufo-piceous ; marginal cell very obtuse at end, not appendiculate ; second s.m. narrowed almost to a point above, very broad below, receiving first r. n. far beyond the middle. 'Tibize and tarsi with white hair on outer side, tarsi with ferruginous on inner; spurs dark. First abdominal segment broadly covered with white hair at sides, the inner excavation broad and rounded, ending posteriorly in a point, where the apical band ends obliquely, being as widely interrupted on the margin as the breadth of the median black area; second segment with a very broad band on each side, having a large anterior Jobe laterally, the band squarely interrupted, the interval about equal to either lateral section; remaining segments with large subdorsal spots, the third also with lateral spots ; first ventral segment with sharp ridges forming a sort of very broad Y ; fourth with a fringe of black curled hairs (“ Wimperhaare” of Friese). Hab. Nasik, N.W. India, Sept. 28, 1908 (N. B. K.). British Museum. Nurse records EF. pictus (Nyl.) from Quetta; otherwise the genus is new to India. Records of Bees. 235 The present species belongs to Friese’s group 1 (dark forms), and by the character of the labrum is allied to KE. tristis, Smith, differmg by the smaller size and the markings of the abdomen. Nomioides karachensis, sp. n. ? .—Length about 7 mm. Head and thorax brassy green, with quite abundant white hair, especially long, forming a sort of radiating tuft, on postscutellum ; head shaped like male N. variegata (as figured by Handlirsch), with the red eyes deeply emargi- nate ; front granular and punctured, vertex more shining; clypeus small, shining, sparsely punctured, pale yellow ; lateral face-marks very small, oblong, situated between clypeus and base of mandibles; mandibles simple, pale yellow, with the apex ferruginous ; scape slender, pale yellow, black behind except at base; flagellum ferruginous, infuscated above ; mesothorax and scutellum brilliantly shining; tubercles, extending to line on prothorax, pale yellow, and a pale spot in middle of rather projecting post- scutellum ; sides of prothorax beneath dark purplish; area of metathorax granular, plicatulate basally, and with a tuft of very white hair on each side; tegule hyaline, with a yellowish spot. Wings milky hyaline, nervures and the large stigma very pale yellowish ; marginal cell rather broadly obliquely truncate at apex ; second and third submarginals greatly narrowed above ; first r. n. meeting second t.-c.; b.n. very strongly bent. Legs black basally; the ends of the femora more or less broadly, the tibize and the tarsi pale yellow, the hind tibiz with a large dusky patch in front. Abdomen light yellow, broad, dull, only the hind margins of the segments shining; first segment with a dark greenish patch on each side basally and a narrow, black, transverse, subapical band, not nearly reaching the lateral margins; segments 2 to 4 with dusky lateral basal marks, those on 2 largest and darkest; sides of apical region with long white hair; apical half of venter very strongly stained with dark brown. Hab, Karachi, N.W. India, July 1909 (£. Comber). British Museum. Very distinct by its large size and pallid abdomen, wherein it closely resembles the American Perdita pallidior, Ckll., and its allies. The face-markings are nearly as in the much smaller Nomioides parvula (Fabr.). 236 Descriptions and Records of Bees. Nomioides comberi, sp. n. & —Length 6 mm. or slightly more. Head and thorax bluish green, truncation of metathorax yellower ; abundant white hair as in N. karachensis, with the same tuft on postscutellum ; clypeus, labrum, small round mark between clypeus and base of mandibles, and mandibles except ferruginous apex all white; eyes very deeply emar- ginate ; shape of head about as in male N. fallax (as figured by Handlirsch), but emargination of eyes much stronger ; face and cheeks with much white hair; front dullish, granular, vertex shiming; scape short, cream-colour, black behind; flagellum long, rather thickened apically, black above, beneath pale brown, reddish at base, joints 9 to 12 whitish, last joint black beneath, strongly contrasting ; upper border of prothorax and tubercles white ; no light marks on scutellum or postscutellum; mesothorax and _ scutellum shining ; area of metathorax very finely transversely striate, the striation passing into a cancellate pattern in the middle; tegule hyaline, with an angular white patch. Wings per- fectly clear, strongly iridescent ; stigma and nervures very pale yellow; second r.n. bowed outwards; first r.n. meeting second t.-c. or entering base of thirds.m. Legs marked as in N. karachensis, but the hind tibiz and all the tarsi are white, though the anterior and middle tibiz are light canary- yellow. Abdomen rather narrow, shining, black above and below, with pale yellow bands on segments & to 5, the first two slightly interrupted, or the first entire, the last two broadly interrupted ; venter without bands. Hab. Karachi, N.W. India, three males (EH. Comber). British Museum. One is dated September 1909. This is too different from N. karachensis to be its male. There is some resemblance to N. variegata (Oliv.), but the large size and peculiar coloration of the antenn readily distinguish it. In his last publication (Trans. Ent. Soc. London, Sept. 1908) Edward Saunders removed Nomioides from the vicinity of Halictus and placed it between Cilissa and Panurgus. It certainly appears to have Panurgine affinities, as shown by the truncate marginal cell, the slender tongue, and the general appearance. The species look exactly like species of the American Panurgid genus Perdita, and it is difficult to believe that Perdita did not arise either from Nomioides or some close relative now extinct. There are, however, great differences in the mouth-parts as well as the venation; thus On Cocoons of the Genus Trichostibas. 237 in Perdita the maxillary blade far exceeds the palpus, while the reverse is true in Nomioides. If Perdita is related to Nomioides, as suggested, we have a remarkable illustration of the persistence of colour-patterns in the face of great structural changes; and as the different colour-types of Nomioides can hardly have given rise separately to similar types of Perdita, we have also an illustration of kaleidoscopic variation, the characters combining in various ways and sorting out again, no doubt according to Mendelian principles. A strong argument against the suggested relationship may be based on the facial fovee of Perdita—certainly an Andrenoid character. XX VII.—WNotes on the Cocoons and Descriptions of Four new Species of the Genus Trichostibas. By HMBRIK STRAND, of the Royal Berlin Zoological Museum. In his interesting paper on the genus Z7richostilas (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. vol. xxxviii. no. 1765, October 15, 1910) Mr. August Busck describes, besides new species, also the cocoons, referring to the previous accounts of these. | should, however, like to point out that more and older accounts of these cocoons exist in the literature, viz., in Bates, ‘Naturalist on the Amazons,’ and in Blanchard, ‘ Metamorphoses, Mceurs et Instinctes des Insectes,’ 2° édit. 1877. Bates figures and describes (/. c. p. 379 of the German edition: Leipzig,» Dyk’sche Buchhandlung, 1866) the cocoon and gives also a most interesting account of the manner in which the larva manages to construct the net- work of the cocoon. Bates gives his insect no name, but regards it as belonging to the Lithosiide, which is easily explained through the great similitude of the moths of the genus T'richostibas to the Lithosiide ; owing to this simili- tude, Walsingham points out (Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1897, p- 115) that if Walker described the specimens of T'richo- stibas fumosa Z., which probably are in the British Museum, “he would be most likely to locate the species in the Litho- siade.” Blanchard gives (J. c. p. 298) a figure of the cocoon, which he ascribes to an ‘ Alucita du Brésil.” In the Royal Berlin Zoological Museum are several cocoons of this kind, most of them belonging to the former Staudinger Collection, now in the possession of the Museum. A few remarks on these may not be without interest, as they differ 238 Mr. E. Strand on new not only in the colour, as pointed out by previous authors, but also in the shape, the network, &e. In the ancient collection of the Museum is one cocoon from Caracas (Gr'ollmer leg.) and one from Cuba (Gundlach leg.), both, Iam sorry to say, without the insects. The former is 15 mm. long and 8 mm. broad, the supporting thread is only 7 mm. long, but has probably been torn off; the colour black. The latter cocoon is 12x 6 mm.,, the thread ca. 50 mm., the colour white. In the Staudinger Collection are three bright salmon-red or orange-coloured cocoons from the Upper Amazons—Fonteboa, 8. Paulo, and Pebas, the first two with the insects bred from them ( Trichostibas fonteboe sp. n., and sanctt-paulensis sp. n.)—and a white one trom Merida. The latter differs from the one from Cuba inasmuch as the network is more fine-meshed ; the supporting thread is only 4 mm. long and at the end strongly enlarged in the form of a plate, which is 2°5 mm. wide; Iam not sure, however, if this thread is entire. The species described below as Tricho- stibas merida sp. n. belongs probably -to this cocoon. ‘The supporting thread of the orange-coloured cocoons bears fine, perpendicularly offstanding fibrils, which are hardly to be seen with the naked eye, and are as long as the diameter of the thread. Owing to these fibrils the thread has a rough appearance and easily clings tc other objects. The thread of the cocoon from Pebas bears, moreover, long, fine, woolly- looking fibres, which are mostly parallelly directed. ‘The white cocoon from Merida and the black one from Caracas have no such perpendicular fibrils at all; the orange ones, on the contrary, bear such ones also on the heavier parallel threads of the network, but none on the thinner cross-threads ; woolly-looking fibres are never to be seen on the cocoons themselves. ‘The supporting thread is never fastened on the inner side of the wall of the cocoon, but often distinctly on the outer side. ‘The cocoon from 8. Paulo is especially interesting, owing to the fact that the meshes are filled up with a tissue of fine fibres, so that now but little of the original network is to be seen; this cocoon is also more eylindriform than the others, 25 by 11 mm., the thread ca. 160 mm. long, while the thread of the cocoon from Fonteboa is only 65 mm. The meshes form mostly an elongate parallelogram, but those of the black cocoon from Uaracas are pentagonal or hexagonal; it measures 15 by 9 mm. The opening at the upper end of the cocoon is apparently made, or at least widened, when the moth issues; the net- work around the opening is often denser than in the middle of the cccoon. Blanchard says (/. ¢.) that the cocoons may Species of the Genus Trichostibas. 239 be “une jolie couleur violette” ; it appears from his figure that he has seen the perpendicular fibrils. I now give descriptions of three of the moths belonging (or, in one ease, probably belonging) to the said cocoons and of one more, to which no biological information at all is appended. 1. Trichostibas merida Strand sp. n. 29 9 and2 ¢@6 from Merida (Hahnel leg.). Related to Zr. fumosa Z., but the male has no “aus ockergelben, kurzen, gedriingten Haarschuppen gebildeten Fleck’ on the underside of the primaries, the markings differ (also from those of the likewise nearly related Zr. dm- tans, K. et Reh.), &e. ?. Labial palpi, tace, head, and antenne black with in- distinct violet sheen ; abdomen brownish black, with at least at the end of the upperside a little violet sheen. ‘Thorax with patagia greyish black. Primaries dark brown, with cupreous-violet sheen and with dirty greyish-white markings, as follows: across the wing at the end of the basal third are three longish spots—an upper, which is distant from the costal edge about the length of the shortest diameter ; a lower, which is a little more remote from the dorsal edge than the upper is from the costal edge ; further a twice as long central spot: just beyond the middleof the wing is a broad band, broken up in two or more spots, an upper, longish oval one touching the costal edge, and a middle in and at the end of the cell, which two spots at the inner end almost unite, but towards the margin distinctly diverge ; the middle spot unites with a dirty greyish-white cloud, which extends along the dorsal edge and perhaps sometimes appears as a distinct third spot. _ Along the outer margin is a band in the middle widening so ~as to form a tooth, that almost unites with the middle spot of the submedian band. ‘he veins partly dark brown. ‘he edge of the wing as well as the cilia like the ground- colour. Underside of the primaries dark brown, without the sheen or the spots of the upperside. Secondaries rather transparent on the basal half, opaque, blackish on the distal, especially at the apex. Underside more uniformly dusky than the upperside, but nevertheless lighter than the under- side of the primaries. Cilia as dark as on the primaries. Ovipositor about 2-3 mm. protruding, brownish. Alar expanse 32°59 mm.,, alar length 16 mm., length of the body (without ovipositor) 12 mm. ¢ differs from the 2 in being smaller (alar expanse 240 Mr. E. Strand on new 27 mm,; length of the wing 13, of the body 11 mm.); the primaries are in the dorsal half of the basal area partly lead- coloured ; the face and vertex of one of my specimens greyish, of the other dark-coloured (perhaps the former is the natural colour, as the latter specimen appears to be somewhat greasy). Most probably the described cocoon from Merida belongs to this species. 2. Trichostibas sanctipaulensis Strand sp. n. 1 2? from 8. Paulo, Upper Amazonas (Hahnel leg.), Cocoon, vide supra. Is one of the largest of the known Trichostibas: alar expanse 36 mm. ; length of the wing 16°5, of the body 15 mm. ; and accordingly almost as large as 77. isthmiella Busck, to which our species appears to be also in other respects closely related. Labial palpi black. Tongue whitish. Face and head black, with bluish and greenish sheen. Antenne dark blue above, blackish below. ‘Thorax and primaries dark with, in certain lights, a rather strong violet sheen, in others rather dusky, appearing unicolorous or hardly with a slight trace of a lighter transverse band at the end of the basal third and with blackish cilia. Secondaries as the cilia of the primaries, at the base slightly transparent, the veins also in the middle a little darker than the wing. Underside of both wings dusky, unicolorous grey-brownish black, the distal half of the cilia slightly lighter. Legs as the thorax, the violet sheen partly rather strong. Abdomen like that of the following species. 3. Trichostibas fonteboe Strand sp. n. 1 g from Fonteboa, Upper Amazonas (Hahnel leg.). Cocoon, vide supra. From Tr. sanctipaulensis m. this species differs by a dis- tinct, dirty gyreyish-white, transverse (a little obliquely directed) band at the end of the basal third of the primaries ; this band is 1°8 mm. broad and about 1 mm. distant from both the costal and the dorsal edge, almost straight and parallel-sided and about 2°5 mm. (in the dorsal area) to 4 mm. (in the costal area) distant from the base. At the end of the second third is an indistinct, horseshoe-shaped, ereyish-white, transverse figure, the convexity of which is directed towards the margin and the anterior end is some- what dilated; sometimes perhaps this figure is divided into three spots. The underside of the primaries and the ground-colour of the secondaries as well as the cilia of both Species of the Genus Trichostibas. 241 wings are as in Z'r, sanctipaulensis, but the secondaries are in the basal two-thirds strongly transparent and accordingly greyish white appearing, with hardly darker veins. ‘The hair pencil of the base of the costa of the secondaries long and snow-white. The underside of the secondaries only in the basal and dorsal area a little lighter than the primaries. Abdomen anteriorly more greyish than the thorax, posteriorly as this or with a stronger greenish sheen. Anal tuft distinct. Hind tibia thickly covered with long hairs. Alar expanse 29 mm.; length of the primaries 13, of the body 12°5 mm. That this form is not the other sex of the previous species (Tr. sanctipaulens’s m.) is evident from, among others, the fact, that the cocoons are different (vide supra). 4, Trichostibas distincta Strand sp. n. 1 g from Chiriqui, Vulkan, 1892 (Trétsch leg.). Belongs to the spotted group of the species and is easily distinguished. Primaries olivaceous brown, with light, unusually distinct spots, which are so large as to fill up at least half of the wing, light greyish white, sharply marked, and form the following figures: in the basal half a trans- verse band consisting of four longish spots, only indistinctly separated by the veins, of which the posterior touches the dorsal edge and is about three times as long as broad, the following is hardly half as long as the posterior, the next following is about two-thirds as long as the posterior, while the anterior is the smallest of the four and does not touch the costal edge. The area of the outer margin, as well as the cilia, covered with a band of the same light colour, which is 2-3 mm. broad and posteriorly and submedially indistinctly unites with a large, roundish, but rather irregular spot, which fills up almost the whole median area from the costal edge to the fold, and looks like an irregular annuliform figure, in- cluding a triangular spot, or as if formed by six to seven spots, partly joining. Underside of the primaries greyish brown, along the outer margin somewhat lighter, in the dorsal area with a yellowish-whitish spot, and before this with some violet sheen. Secondaries transparent, with blackish-brown cilia and veins, the costal area and a line on the outer margin opaque, blackish brown ; of the hair pencil of the costal edge ouly a few greyish-white hairs are to be seen. ‘I'he body is much worn, but appears, as well as the appendages, to be dark brown or blackish; thorax above partly or wholly greyish white. Alar expanse 27 mm.; length of the wing 12°5, of the body 10 mm. Ann. & Jag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. vii. 16 242 Mr. W.L. Distant on Neotropical Pentatomide. XXVIII.—RaAynchotal Notes.—LIII. By W. L. Distant. Neotropical Pentatomide. Genus GALEACIUS. Galeacius, Dist. Biol. Centr.-Am., Het. i. p. 316 (1889). Type, G. tessellatus, Dist. Galeacius crawleyi, sp. n- Head pale castaneous, apex of central lobe dull ochra- eeous ; antenne ochraceous, second joint fuscous, first joint not quite reaching apex of head, first, second, and third joints short, subequal in length, fourth and fifth longest and subequal ; pronotum with the lateral and anterior areas ochraceous, the basal area brownish ochraceous, the middle of the anterior area appears as an elongate spot, angularly narrowed and produced posteriorly with its base dark casta- neous, the produced lateral angles with a central waved transverse castaneous line, their apiees broadly obliquely truncate, the basal area with a darker longitudinal fascia on each side ; scutellum brownish ochraceous, with large pale ochraceous marginal spots, situate two at base, two on each lateral margin, and two subapical, the apex also broadly pale ochraceous, all these spots are more or less narrowly mar- gined with castaneous, and the subapical spots are posteriorly smuate; body beneath and legs ochraceous; head beneath, a central fascia to sternum, broad lateral fasciz to abdomen (transversely connected before apex) piceous or black ; rostrum reaching the posterior coxz, its apex black ; femora and tibiz more or less annulated with pale ochraceous. Long., ¢, 9 mm.; exp. pronot. angl. 7 mm. Hab. Brazil, St. Catherine (Crowley Bequest, Brit. Mus.). Alhed to G. martini, Schout., from which it may be separated, apart from colour-differences, by the apices of the strongly produced lateral angles of the pronotum, which are broadly obliquely truncate, not subangulate. Genus PotyTes. Polytes, Stl, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 1867, p. 492. Type, P. lineolatus, Dall. Mr. W. L. Distant on Neotropical Pentatomide. 243 Polytes fenestra. Polytes fenestra, Bredd. Soc. Ent. xviii. p. 122 (1903); Schout. in Wytsm. Gen. Ins. fase. xxiv. pl. iii. fig. 4 (1904). Var.—Differs from the typical form as figured by Schou- teden in having the central black longitudinal fascia to the scutellum obliquely branching on each side near middle to lateral margins. Hab. K. Peru; Marcapata (Brit. Mus.). Polytes rubromaculatus, sp. u. Black ; pronotum with the lateral margins very narrowly ochraceous and with two large suboblong sanguineous spots on each side of middle and which nearly reach base, but only extend a little beyond middle anteriorly ; scutellum with an oblique sanguineous fascia ou each side near base and two more longitudinal sanguineous fasciz, somewhat close together, on apical area; body beneath and legs shining blackish; an- tenn piceous, first, second, and third joints short, almost subequal in length, fourth and fifth joints much longer and about subequal in length ; head thickly coarsely punctate ; pronotum and scutellum thickly punctate, but less so on the sanguineous spots ; rostrum brownish ochraceous, the apical joint black; body beneath thickly, rather finely punctate, posterior margins of the sixth and anal segments ochraceous ; lateral margins of the prosternum very narrowly ochraceous. Long. 8 mm. , Hab. Ecuador ; Santa Inéz (R. Haensch, Brit. Mus.). Polytes leopardinus, sp. n. Head black ; pronotum and scutellum sanguineous, longi- tudinally striped with black ; pronotum with six longitudinal black stripes, the lateral ones broadest, the two central ones more or less fused and obliquely widened posteriorly, ex- treme lateral margins narrowly ochraceous ; scutellum with six longitudinal black stripes, the outermost short and oblique on basal area, intermediate stripe discontinuous, the two central stripes continuous, more longitudinal, and broadened at their bases; body beneath and legs black, a lunate spot at apex of abdomen, two contiguous spots near anterior margin and the lateral margins (narrowly) of prosternum, and costal spots ochraceous ; rostrum piceous, buccule ochra- ceous; head thickly punctate ; antenne mutilated in typical 16* 244 Mr. W.L. Distant on Neotropical Pentatomide. specimen; pronotum and scutellum thickly but very finely punctate ; body beneath thickly finely punctate. Long. 9 mm. Hab. Peru. Polytes bicolor, sp. n. Head, pronotum, body beneath, and legs black or piceous ; scutellum sanguineous, its basal margin black; two con- tiguous spots near anterior margin and narrow lateral margins of prosternum, apex of central lobe to head, coxal spots, and a lunate spot at apex of abdomen ochraceous ; antennze black, first, second, and third joints short, almost subequal in length, fourth and fifth considerably longer and also subequal in length ; head punctate and finely wrinkled, the lateral margins “rather strongly sinuate; pronotum and scutellum thickly but very finely punctate; body beneath thickly, finely, but distinctly punctate ; rostrum piceous or black. Long. 84 mm. Hab. Peru. Genus CHELYCORIS. Demoleus, Stal, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Férh. 1867, p- 493 (nom. preeoec.). Chelycoris, Bergy. Rey. Ent. x. p. 285 (1891), n. nom. Type, C. scitulus, Walk. Chelycoris vittatus, sp. n. Head and pronotum ochraceous, thickly, eoarsely, darkly punctate ; head with the apex of the central lobe somewhat distinctly prominent; ocelli red, much nearer eyes than to each other; antennz ochraceous, first, second, and third joints shortest and subequal in length, fourth and fifth longest and subequal; pronotum with the lateral margins slightly laminate, oblique, concolorously punctate, lateral angles rounded, longer than head, about twice as broad at base as medial length, declivous towards head at less than one-third from base, the disk moderately rugulose ; scutel- lum ochraceous, thickly finely punctate, with two broad dark oblique fascize with a common origin at base and obliquely directed on each side to a little beyond middle, where they are outwardly broadened and a little upturned ; between these fasciz and the lateral margins near base is a somewhat circular patch of the same dark colour, some of the punctures in these dark areas are blackish, longer than broad at base, Mr. W. L. Distant on Neotropical Pentatomide. 245 the apical area obliquely deflected; body beneath pale ochraceous, the legs darker ochraceous ; sternum and abdo- men thickly concolorously punctate ; mesosternum centrally sulcately impressed ; abdominal incisures transverse on disk, obliquely deflected and moderately bent on lateral areas, apices of incisures at lateral margins distinctly tuberculate, spiracles prominent and tuberculate, nearer to anterior incisures than to lateral margins. Long. 114 mm. Hab. Paraguay; Sapucay (W. Foster, Brit. Mus.). Brazil ; Goyaz. Differs from C. haglundi, Mont., and C. lethierryi, Mont., in the apically narrower head and the totally different and fasciate punctuations to the scutellum. Genus Moncvs. Moncus, Stl, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 1867, p. 524. Hemingius, Dist. Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) iv. p. 423 (1899). Type, M. obscurus, Dall. When revising Walker’s species in 1899 I accepted that writer’s arrangement and labelling of his Ochlerus scaber at its face value, although on founding my genus Hemingius on that species I stated that the type did not agree with the description. I wrote: “ Walker, in his diagnosis of this species, describes the scutellum as ‘ more than half the length of the abdomen,’ whereas it reaches the apex of the abdomen &e.” On further consideration I think it certain that Walker misplaced the labels, for Stal saw Dallas’s type before Walker commenced his Catalogue, and I therefore sink my genus and follow Stal’s determination. Moncus obscurus. Ochlerus obscurus, Dall. List Hem. 1. p. 157 (1851). Moncus obscurus, Stal, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 1867, p. 524. Hemingius scaber, Dist, Aun. & Mag, Nat. Hist. (7) iv. p. 424 (1899). HERRICHELLA, gen. nov. Body subovate; head longer than broad, lateral margins moderately reflexed, lateral lobes longer than the central lobe, passing its apex but not meeting beyond it, their apical margins distinctly curved inward ; eyes prominent, mode- rately transversely exserted, distinctly separated from base of head; ocelli placed very near base ; antennz five-jointed, first joint slightly passing apex of head, second joint scarcely 246 Mr. W. L. Distant on Neotropical Pentatomide. as long as first, third longest, fourth and fifth subequal in length, each much shorter than third ; antenniferous tubercles distinctly outwardly spined in front of eyes; pronotum about twice as broad at base as long, anterior angles shortly transversely spined, the lateral angles subprominent and emarginate, lateral margins oblique, anterior margin slightly concave; scutellum shorter than corium, almost as long as head and pronotum together, moderately convex, the apex rounded; corium somewhat apically widened, its apical margin finely sinuate near apex; tegmina somewhat short, the veins longitudinal, not anastomosed, but with about two small cells near base; rostrum slightly passing the posterior coxe, first joint about reaching base of head, second extending midway between anterior and intermediate coxe ; third almost passing intermediate coxve ; abdomen beneath obso- letely centrally longitudinally suleate on the first three segments. Allied to Schaefferella, but apical lateral margins of the scutellum not reflexed, membranal veins not anastomosed, &c. Herrichella thoracica, sp. n. Black; anterior two-thirds of pronotum more or less ochraceous; antenne dark chocolate-brown; head very thickly punctate and obliquely striate; pronotum sub- rugulose, very coarsely blackly punctate at base, on the pale area equally black coarse punctures arranged sparsely in clusters ; scutellum subrugulose and sparsely coarsely punc- tate, the apical area and lateral margins finely and more thickly punctate ; corium thickly punctate ; membrane dark cupreous ; body beneath thickly punctate, much less so on discal ridge of abdomen and on the posterior lateral margins of the prosternum, which are ochraceous ; tarsi brownish ochraceous; other structural characters as in generic diagnosis. Long., ?, 15 mm.; exp. pronot. angl. 8 mm. Hab. Colombia; Dagua (Brit. Mus.). PARALINCUS, gen. Nov. Head longer than broad, the lateral lobes longer than the central lobe, passing its apex but somewhat widely separated, their lateral margins moderately reflexed ; eyes large, trans- versely exserted, situate between the insertion of the an- tenne and base of head ; ocelli wide apart near base ; antennz five-jointed, first joint only slightly passing apex of head, second, third, fourth, and fifth jomts almost subequal in Mr. W. L. Distant on Neotropical Pentatomide. 247 length, each considerably longer than first; antenniferous tubercles distinctly spined ; pronotum twice as broad at base as long, the anterior angles shortly spinous, lateral angles subprominernt and subacute, lateral margins moderately sinuate, anterior and posterior margins truncate ; scutellum as long as head and pronotum together, the apex subangu- larly rounded ; corium with the inner apical margin rounded, membrane with the veins simple, net anastomosed; con- nexivum exposed from basal half of corium, the segmental angles moderately distinct ; rostrum reaching the middle of abdomen, first joint about reaching the middle of prosternum, second joint extending to intermediate coxz, third joint passing posterior coxe; basal half of abdomen broadly, obsoletely, centrally, longitudinally sulcate ; meso- and meta- sterna centrally, longitudinally, finely carinate; abdomen beneath moderately convex. Type, P. terminalis, Walk. Allied to Lineus, Stal, from which it differs by the broader and truncate anterior margin of the pronotum and by the short anterior angles of same; from Phereclus, Stal, it is to be distinguished by the different structure of the antenne &c.; from Ochlerus it is separated by the length of the lateral lobes of the head. Paralincus terminalis. Ochlerus terminalis, Walk. Cat. Het. i. p. 195 (1867). Hab, Amazons. Walker writes “lateral lobes not extending beyond the middle one,” but this is incorrect ; the sanguineous spot to the corium is very distinct ; pronotum and scutellum rugu- lose ; corium thickly finely punctate. Genus PHERECLUS. Phereclus, Stal, Stett. ent. Zeit. xxiii. p. 98 (1862). Type, P. pluto, Stal. Phereclus antennatus, sp. n. Black or piceous, antenne with the fourth and fifth joints ochraceous, base of fourth and apex of fifth narrowly black ; head with the lateral margins reflexed, the lateral lobes not meeting beyond the central lobe; first joint of antenne slightly passing the apex of head, second a little shorter than first, third about two and a half times as long as second, 248 Mr. W.L. Distant on Neotropical Pentatomide. fourth only slightly longer than second, fifth a little shorter than third; pronotum with the lateral margins strongly sinuate, near apex obtusely broadly bispinous, the lateral angles subprominent and broadly subspinous, the disk distinctly rugulose and with two distinct transverse tubercles on the anterior area; scutellum finely punctate, distinctly rugulose near base, at apex the margins moderately reflexed ; corium thickly punctate ; membrane dark cupreous ; body beneath more or less punctate ; rostrum reaching the penul- timate abdominal segment ; tarsi brownish ochraceous. Long. 10-114 mm. ; exp. pronot. angl. 5-55 mm. Hab. Colombia; Cali (Brit. Mus.). Costa Rica ; Tala- manca (Pittier, Coll. Dist.). Differs from P. pluto, Stal, by the different colour of the antennz and the relative length of the joints, the sinuate lateral margins of the pronotum and the anterior bidentate armature of the same, two anterior callosities to the pro- notum, length of rostrum, &c. Genus TRINCAVELLIUS. Trincavellius, Dist. Tr, Ent. Soc. Lond. 1900, p. 163. Type, T. galapagoensis, But). Trincavellius chilensis, sp. 0. Ochraceous, with fine scattered blackish markings ; head large, broad, somewhat truncate in front, a little shorter than breadth between outer margin of eyes, the lateral margins obtusely angulate in front of eyes; antennge ochra- ceous, first joint short, not reaching apex of head, second distinctly longer than third, which has its apex black (re- maining joints mutilated in type) ; pronotum nearly twice as broad at base as long, the lateral areas laminately ampliate and reflexed, the anterior angles acute, finely granulose, moderately pilose, the anterior lateral margins and central anterior and posterior margins more or less mottled with black ; scutellum longer than head and pronotum together, a black spot at each basal angle, basal third moderately convex, remaining area finely speckled with blackish, some- what thickly finely punctate ; corium thickly finely darkly punctate; membrane small, ochraceous, not reaching apex of abdomen; connexivum ochraceous, a black line on each side of the incisures; body beneath and legs ochraceous ; head beneath and sternum coarsely darkly punctate, abdo- men concolorously punctate; femora darkly speckled and Mr. W. L. Distant on Neotropical Pentatomide. 249 darkly subapically annulate; spots to abdominal lateral margins and a central longitudinal spot to sixth abdominal segment black. Long. 7 mm. Hab. Chili (Brit. Mus.). Differs from 7. galapagoensis, Butl., by its smaller size, more acute anterior angles of the pronotum, and more reflexed lateral margins of same; body more elongate and less ovate than in Butler’s species. Trincavellius peruviensis, sp. n. Brownish ochraceous, finely wrinkled and punctate ; head large, broad, about as long as breadth between the outer margins of eyes, the lateral margins distinctly angularly dilated in front of eyes, anterior margin truncately rounded ; antennze with the first joint not reaching apex of head, second very slightly longer than third, third, fourth, and fifth almost subequal in length, the last two joints infuscate ; pronotum with the lateral margins oblique, laminately reflexed, a little recurved towards their apices, which are distinctly minutely spined, a subobsolete central longitudinal carinate line ; corium scarcely wrinkled but thickly finely punctate ; membrane hyaline, very slightly passing abdo- minal apex ; rostrum reaching the posterior coxa, its apex fuscous ; body beneath and legs a little paler than above, minutely speckled with brown ; scutellum with a longitu- dinal brownish spot near apex of lateral margins, the apex itself narrowly ochraceous. Long. 8 mm. Hab. Peru; Callao. Allied to T. galapagoensis, Butl., but narrower, head more truncate in front, angle at anterior margin of pronotum more acute, lateral pronotal margins much more oblique, membrane longer, &c.; differs from chilensis, Dist., by the broader body, absence of black spots to basal angles of scutellum, longer membrane, &c. Genus Loxa. Loxa, Amy. & Sery. Hist. Hém. p. 1387 (1848). Type, L. flavicollis, Drury. Lowa bartletti, sp. v. ‘Dull pale ochraceous, possibly more virescent in living specimens ; eyes and lateral pronotal angles black; first 250 Mr. W. L. Distant on Neotropical Pentatomide. joint of antenne reaching apex of head, remaining four joints almost subequal in length; head triangularly narrowed in front, the lateral lobes longer than the central, their apices acutely narrowed, longitudinally ridged and slightly trans- versely wrinkled ; ocelli reddish; pronotum with the lateral margins a little concavely sinuate and distinctly serrate, the lateral angles acutely produced and slightly directed for- wardly, the surface finely wrinkled and more obscurely punc- tate ; scutellum finely wrinkled, more distinctly punctate on basal than on apical area; corium thickly finely punctate ; membrane hyaline, slightly minutely spotted with ochraceous, considerably passing the abdominal apex; body beneath paler and more shining in hue, legs only slightly paler than surface of body above ; rostrum reaching the posterior cox and with a black central line above. Long., ?, 17 mm.; exp. pronot. angl. 85 mm. Hab. Brit. Guiana (A. W. Bartlett, Brit. Mus.). A narrow form of the genus, in that respect resembling L. variegata, Dist. Lowa fryi, sp. n. Body above olivaceous green, thickly and distinctly punc- tate; body beneath much paler green; antenne, rostrum, legs, and a central longitudinal fascia to abdomen ochraceous ; head with the laterai lobes longer than the central, distinctly passing but not meeting beyond it, their margins ridged, finely transversely wrinkled, more or less punctate ; antenne with the first joint not reaching apex of head, second longer than first, shorter than third, fourth and fifth subequal in length ; pronotum subrugulose and thickly punctate, the lateral margins finely serrate and moderately concavely sinuate, the lateral angles black, short, acute, directed forwardly, the areas of the cicatrices almost impunctate ; scutellum finely wrinkled and punctured; corium thickly finely punctate; membrane hyaline and passing the abdo- minal apex; rostrum reaching the posterior coxe. Long. 12 mm, Hab. Brazil? (Fry Coll., Brit. Mus.). A small species allied to and resembling L. variegata, Dist., but smaller, the lateral pronotal angles shorter and much more anteriorly directed, &c. Genus MuRGANTIA. Murgantia, Stal, Stett. ent. Zeit. xxiii. p. 105 (1862). Type, M. tessellata, Amy. & Serv. Mr. W. L. Distant on Neotropical Pentatomide. 251 Murgantia simulans, sp. n. Dark metallic blue; lateral, posterior, and subanterior margins of pronotum, the two lateral united by a central longitudinal fascia, a central longitudinal fascia and apex to scutellum, basal lateral margin and a transverse fascia (beyond middle) to corium pale ochraceous ; apical margins of membrane somewhat broadly greyish; lateral margins of sternum and abdomen, posterior margin of metasternum and margins of abdominal segments (broadest medially) pale ochraceous ; antennee dark bluish black, second joint slightly longer than first, shorter than third, which is also slightly shorter than fourth (fifth mutilated in typical specimen) ; head distinctly depressed near base ; pronotum distinctly and broadly transversely depressed near middle, sparingly coarsely punctate except on the ochraceous markings, which are impunctate, lateral margins distinctly reflexed ; scutellum with the basal third moderately gibbous and very finely wrinkled, remaining area (excluding the ochraceous portions, which are impunctate) thickly coarsely punctate ; corium thickly finely punctate; membrane passing the abdominal apex. Long. 10 mm. Hab. Peru; Chandramayo (Rosenberg, Brit. Mus.). Allied to M. bifasciata, Herr.-Sch., from which it differs by the unicolorous and more broadly rounded head, the ochraceous posterior pronotal margin, the more distinctly gibbous basal area of the scutellum, and the absence of the transverse fascia and the presence of the longitudinal fascia to same ; body beneath differently coloured, &c. Genus Banasa. Banasa, Stal, Rio Hem. i. p. 24 (1860). Type, B. induta, Stal. Banasa salvini, sp. un. Above pale greenish ; head, anterior half of pronotum, body beneath, and legs ochraceous; membrane hyaline, passing the abdominal apex ; head with a somewhat reddish tint and darkly punctate, excluding the basal half of the central disk it is levigate, impunctate ; antenne greenish, first joint not reaching apex of head, third a little longer than second, slightly shorter than fourth, which is subequal to fifth ; pronotum sparingly distinctly punctate, the lateral 252 Mr. W. L. Distant on Neotropical Pentatomide. margins slightly sinuate, the lateral angles rounded ; scu- tellum slightly wrinkled, sparingly punctate, rather more than basal half slightly purplish in hue; corium thickly, very finely punctate; connexivum ochraceous; rostrum reaching the posterior coxee, its apex black ; apical areas of the posterior femora moderately infuscate. Long. 133 mm. Hab. Guatemala (O. Salvin, Brit. Mus.). Allied to B. stali, Dist., but differing by the less punctate head, the basal half of the central disk being impunctate, levigate, third joint of antenne only a little longer than second, lateral margins of pronotum slightly sinuate, different coloration, &c. I have again used Stal’s genus, though in 1880 I referred to the great difficulty with which it could be separated from Nezara, a view also advanced by Bergroth in 1891. As, however, it has recently been proposed to use Banasa as a distinct subgenus, the name is better treated as previously. Genus DispERiA. Disderia, Bergr. Entomol. News, xxi. p. 20 (1910). Type, D. decorata, Dist. Tarsi three-jointed, second joint very small; scutellum “with the apical part moderately broad,” the apex not rounded, but subangulate. D. decorata appears to be widely distributed in Central America. I have previously recorded it from Mexico, Honduras, and Guatemala, and have since received it from Nicaragua. Genus OpLomus. Oplomus, Spin. Ess. Hem. p, 855 (1887). Type, O. tripustulatus, Fabr. Oplomus stellatus, sp. n. Black, coarsely punctate ; anterior and lateral margins (including lateral angles) and three large oblong spots to pronotum, the central spot connected with the anterior margin, a large oblique spot near each basal angle and the apex to the scutellum, apical angle and a small suffusion near middle of costal area to corium, basal spine and basal spot to abdomen beneath, and a lateral segmental series of irregular spots and lateral margins of sternum bright ochraceous ; Mr. W. L. Distant on Neotropical Pentatomida. 253 antenne black, first joint not reaching head, second joint a little longer, third, fourth, and fifth almost subequal in length; pronotum coarsely punctate, the lateral margins and a central line traversing the central spot levigate, the anterior margin with some scattered very coarse punctures, the lateral angles subprominent and levigate; scutellum somewhat thickly punctate, the oblique basal spots almost impunctate; corium thickly finely punctate; membrane cupreous, passing abdominal apex; abdominal basal spine slightly passing the posterior coxee. Long. 9} mm.; exp. pronot. angl. 5 mm. Hab. Argentina; Tucuman Prov. (Brit. Mus.). Oplomus equestris, sp. 0. Pronotum, scutellum, and corium sanguineous; head, narrow lateral margins, and two large irregularly sub- triangular spots to pronotum (widest at base), a broad central transverse fascia to scutellum, a large spot a little behind middle of corium, and basal area of membrane black ; sternum and legs dark indigo-blue; abdomen beneath pale ochraceous, with transverse marginal spots, a large subapical spot, and the anal segment dark indigo-blue; antenne black, first joint not quite reaching apex of head, second and third almost subequalin length ; head punctate, the lateral areas transversely striate, outer apical angles of the lateral lobes rounded; pronotum somewhat sparsely and coarsely punctate; scutellum with the basal area coarsely sparsely punctate, remaining area more thickly and finely punctate ; in the middle a broad central longitudinal carination ; - corium thickly finely punctate ; sternum more or less coarsely punctate; rostrum dark indigo-blue and reaching the posterior coxze. Var.—Abdomen beneath sanguineous, not pale ochra- ceous ; corium without the dark spot. Long. 13 mm.; exp. pronot. angl. 7 mm. Hab. Centr. Brazil ; Chapada (A. Robert, Brit. Mus.). The variety described is in my own collection, but unlocalized. Allied to O. marginalis, Westw. PARAJALLA, gen. nov. Jalla, sect. aa (part.), Stal, En. Hem. i. p. 84 (1870). Allied to Jalla, but differing in the following particulars :— Pronotum with the lateral margins moderately but dis- 254 Mr. W. L. Distant on Neotropical Pentatomide. tinctly sinuate, the lateral angles a little prominent; scu- tellum with the apical area broader and the apex more truncate. Type, P. sanguineosignata, Spin. The structure of the scutellum is the most distinguishing character of this Southern Neotropical genus from the Palearctic genus Jalla. It is also quite distinct from the Australian genus Jalloides, in which Schouteden, following Stal, but with doubt and hesitation, placed the typical species. Parajalla sanguineosignata. Jalla sanguineo-signata, Spin. in Gay, Hist. de Chile, vii. p. 120 (1852) ; Sign. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr, (4) i. p. 544 (1863). Jalloides ? sanguineonotata, Schout. in Wytsm. Gen, Ins. fase. li. p. 42 (1907). //ab. Patagonia; V. del Lago Xanco (Chubut, Brit. Mus.). The British Museum now possesses four examples of this rare species. PsEUDOBEBAUS, gen. nov. Head about as long or only slightly longer than breadth at base, the lateral lobes distinctly longer than the central lobe, passing but not meeting beyond it, the apex being thus distinctly cleft ; antenne five-joimted, first jot not reaching apex of head, second very slightly shorter than third, fourth and fifth longest, subequal in length; pronotum more than twice broader between the lateral angles than long, the lateral angles longly broadly produced, the lateral margins serrate, finely near apex, longly towards the produced angles, anterior margin moderately concave, posterior margin trun- cate in front of scutellum, the lateral margins before the . produced angles almost oblique and the disk from the same area sharply obliquely depressed to head; scutellum about as long as broad at base, the lateral margins moderately oblique for about half their length from base and then more longitudinally narrowing to apex, which is subangulate ; corium slightly longer than pronotum, the inner apical angle rounded; membrane passing the abdominal apex, the veins mostly longitudinal ; rostrum reaching the posterior coxe, first joint reaching base of head; basal abdominal spine reaching the anterior margins of the posterior coxe ; tarsal joints two in number. Allied to Bebeus, Dall., in general appearance and struc- ture of head and lateral pronotal angles ; but lateral pronotal margins strongly serrate, ventral spine only slightly passing posterior Coxe, joints of antennze different, &c. Mr. W. L. Distant on Neotropical Pentatomide. 255 Pseudobebeus goyazensis, sp. u. Brownish ochraceous, speckled and punctured with black ; head thickly, darkly, coarsely punctate ; antennz brownish ochraceous, the apical joint a little paler ; pronotum ochra- eeous, darkly punctate, more coarsely and thickly so on anterior and posterior areas, on the paler discal interspace a transverse series of four blackish spots, the broad apices of the produced lateral angles black, rounded and with a short spine anteriorly, concavely sinuate and with a broader spine posteriorly ; scutellum blackly punctate, a central, longitu- dinal, subimpunctate linear marking, not reaching base ; corium thickly blackly punctate, a discal, longitudinal, im- punctate space a little behind middle; membrane pale fuli- ginous, the veins much darker; body beneath brownish ochraceous, finely darkly punctate on abdomen beneath, the central longitudinal ridge almost impunctate ; sternum more coarsely punctate; apex of scutellum black; structural characters as in generic diagnosis. Long. 10 mm.; exp. pronot. ang]. 9 mm. Hab. Brazil; Goyaz. Genus Lanopis. Lanopis, Sign. Ann. Soc, Ent. Fr. (4) iii. p. 549 (1863). Type, L. rugosus, Sign. Lanopis chubuti, sp. n. Body and legs ochraceous; antennz with the first, second, and third joints magenta-red, fourth aud fifth joints. (ex- cepting their extreme bases) piceous, first joint slightly passing apex of head, second much longer than third and a little longer than first, fourth and fifth subequal; head coarsely sparingly punctate, the lateral margins a little but distinctly reflexed, lateral and central lobes subequal in length; pronotum about half as long as breadth between the lateral angles, punctate and rugulose, the lateral angles broadly angularly produced, their margins anteriorly convex, posteriorly oblique, their whole marginal area moderately reflexed ; scutellum sparingly coarsely punctate, the poste- rior half with a central longitudinal carination ; corium thickly finely punctate, the lateral margins - moderately subangularly amphate, apical margin obliquely straight, membrane dull obscure hyaline, the veins darker, distinctly passing the abdominal apex; sternum coarsely punctate ; 256 Mr. W.L. Distant on Neotropical Pentatomide. posterior angles of abdominal segments at lateral margins distinctly prominent, tumescent; rostrum reaching the intermediate coxe, its apex black ; abdomen above testaceous red. Long. 10-11 mm.; exp. pronot. angl. 55 mm. Hab. Patagonia; V.del Lago Xanco (Chubut, Brit. Mus.). Allied to L. rugosus, Sign., but larger, lateral angles more produced, colour of antennze and body above different, &c. From L. testaceus, Reed, a species I have not seen, it differs by the totally different antennze &c. Lanopis splendens, sp n. Ochraceous ; head (excluding large basal spot), two oblique discal longitudinal fasciz to pronotum, which are a little widened posteriorly and more distinctly so at anterior margin, scutellum (excluding apical area and corium) more or less carmine-red ; antennze with the basal joint carmine- red, second and third joints ochraceous, fourth and fifth (excluding their extreme bases) piceous, first and third sub- equal in length, second a little longest, fourth and fifth subequal ; head sparingly punctate, the lateral lobes slightly longer than the central, the former with their margins slightly reflexed ; pronotum strongly rugulose and punctate, the lateral angles very much as in L. chubuti, the anterior angles shortly distinctly obtusely angulate; scutellum coarsely punctate, apical half distinctly centrally longitu- dinally carinate ; corium thickly finely punctate, the lateral margins slightly subangularly ampliated, apical margins obliquely straight ; membrane dull ochraceous, subhyaline, the veins a little darker, distinctly passing the abdominal apex ; body beneath and legs ochraceous ; abdomen beneath and legs sprinkled with carmine-red; sternum coarsely punctate ; rostrum reaching the intermediate cox, its apex black ; abdomen above carmine-red, posterior angles of abdominal segments at lateral margins distinctly prominent, tumescent. Long. 103-11 mm. ; exp. pronot, angl. 53-6 mm. Ha). Patagonia; V. del Lago Xanco (Chubut, Brit. Mus.). * Genus PLANoIs. Planois, Sign. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr, (4) iii. p. 548 (1868). Type, P. bimaculatus, Sign. Planois patagonus, sp. 0. Ochraceous, thickly punctate ; two small spots on anterior Mr. W. L. Distant on Neotropical Pentatomide. 257 area of pronotum and the posterior sublateral margins of same, basal lateral margins of scutellum (widened near basal angles), and clavus more or less sanguineous ; corium on apical area suffused with blackish ; connexivum pale ochra- ceous, with large black spots ; membrane greyish, subhyaline, not passing the abdominal apex ; body beneath and legs ochraceous, lateral areas of sternum and abdomen pale sanguineous ; antennz ochraceous, first joint longly passing apex of head and about as long as the head itself, second and third subequal in length, apex of third black, remaining joimts mutilated in typical specimen ; head sparsely punctate and very finely transversely striate, the lateral margins reflexed ; pronotum thickly somewhat finely punctate, the lateral margims oblique, very slightly sinuate, the lateral angles subprominent, rounded, and with their margins black ; scutellum somewhat sparsely punctate and with a subobsolete pale longitudinal levigate line ; corium thickly punctate; abdomen beneath sparsely very finely punctate, and with a central longitudinal dark fasciate line ; rostrum reaching the posterior cox, with its apex black ; odoriferous apertures shortly produced. Long. 13 mm. Hab. Patagonia; V. del Lago Xanco (Chubut, Brit. Mus.). Differs from Le bimaculatus, Sign., in having the second joint of the antenne scarcely longer than the third, absence of the pale spot to corium, &c. Ea, gen. nov. Moderately flat, subovate ; head about as broad between the eyes as long, lobes of equal length, but the apices of the lateral lobes a little obliquely directed to the central, which makes the latter appear slightly prominent; ocelli near base, much nearer to eyes than to each other; antennz five- jointed, basal joint robust, slightly passing apex of head, second joint slightly longest, third short, about equal to first, fourth and fifth subequal, each a little shorter than second ; pronotum about half as long as broad at base, lateral margins roundly oblique, very slightly sinuate, lateral angles rounded, not prominent, anterior margin concavely sinuate, anterior angles slightly angularly prominent, basal margin almost truncate; scutellum longer than broad, obliquely narrowed to apex, which is subangulate, a little longer than pronotum ; corium about as long as scutellum and pronotum together, the apical margin straightly oblique ; membrane scarcely passing the abdominal apex, veins longi- Ann. & Mag. N. Hist, Ser. 8. Vol. vii. nay 258 Mr. W. L. Distant on Neotropical Pentatomide. tudinal, not anastomosed ; rostrum reaching the posterior coxe, first joint about reaching base of head, second extending to nearly the anterior coxe ; basal abdominal spine distinct, not passing the posterior coxee; odoriferous apertures distinct, transverse, about as long as coxe and trochanters together ; femora moderately incrassate, tarsi two-jointed, first joint a little shorter than second. A genus apparently to be placed near Hellica, Stal, and Sniploa, Sign. Ea australis, sp. n. Olivaceous green, thickly, coarsely, darkly punctate ; an- tennze, rostrum, body beneath, and legs ochraceous; trans- verse lateral spots to pro-, meso-, and metasterna, lateral marginal abdominal spots inwardly preceded and united to an irregular longitudinal submarginal fascia, carmine-red ; margins of head and pronotum and basal lateral margins of corium very narrowly and obscurely ochraceous, the mar- gins of the pronotal lateral angles narrowly black ; head with the lateral lobes distinctly transversely striate; pronotum, scutellum, and corium distinctly rugulose as well as coarsely punctate ; pronotum and scutellum with an obscure central longitudinal linear ridge; membrane ochraceous, with a central and apical castaneous suffusion ; connexivum ochra- ceous, with large black spots; other structural characters as in generic diagnosis. Long. 103-1] mm. Hab. Patagonia; Valle del Lago Blanco (Brit. Mus.). SynonyMIcaL Nores. I take this opportunity for substituting new names for some that have proved to be preoccupied. N&rocENSORINUS, D. nom. Censorinus, Dist. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) vi. p. 598 (1910), nom. przeoce. Aspongopus circumclusus, 1. nom. Aspongopus circumcinctus, Dist. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) vi. p. 221 (1910), nom. preeoce. Penthimia reticulosa, n. nom. Penthimia reticulata, Dist. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1908, p. 108, nom, preeoce. On the Cirrhitiform Percoids. 259 XXIX.—On the Cirrhitiform Percoids. By C. Tate Reaan, M.A. (Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) Dr. Guntaer included in the family Cirrhitidee a number of Perch-like fishes with the lower pectoral rays simple and with the pelvic fins rather far behind the pectorals, Haplodactylus, which resembled the Cirrhitide in these features, was placed by him in the Sparidz on account of its different dentition, the teeth being compressed instead of villiform. After making a detailed study of these fishes, I conclude that the Cirrhitide of Giinther, with the addition of Haplo- dactylus, are a natural and well-defined group which might almost be regarded as a single family with five subfamilies, but which it is, perhaps, better to recognize as a division— Cirrhitiformes—of the suborder Percoidea of the order Percomorphi. The Cirrhitiform Percoids have the following character- istics :—Body scaly; lateral line complete, continuous, nearly straight. Spinous dorsal well developed; 3 anal spines ; caudal of 15 principal rays, all or 13 branched; pec- torals with the lower 5 to 8 rays simple; pelvics rather far behind the pectorals, each of a spine and 5 branched rays, without scaly axillary process. Two nostrils on each side. Gill-membranes united, free from the isthmus; 3 to 6 branchiostegals ; 4 gills; pseudobranchie. Last 3 upper pharyngeals toothed; lower pharyngeals separate. Pre- maxillaries with ascending pedicels of moderate length ; maxillary ramus expanded distally, without supramaxillary ; preorbital expanded ; preoperculum subcrescentic ; oper- culum rather deep, with the free posterior edge more or less concave between two obtuse or acute prominences; sub- operculum long and narrow, projecting beyond operculum ; hyo-palatine bones typically Percoid; parietals separated by supraoccipital ; a basisphenoid; alisphenoids not in con- tact. Skull more or less compressed, rather elevated poste- riorly ; upper surface flattish or somewhat convex ; occipital crest not extending forward on frontals; parietal crests vestigial or absent ; exoccipital condyles contiguous. Post- temporal forked ; upper post-cleithrum laminar, lower slender; lower part of cleithrum much expanded antero- posteriorly, meeting its fellow in a long carinate symphysis ; cleithra also with broad transverse laminar expansions ; hypercoracoid perforate, hypocoracoid with an inferior process 1i* 260 Mr. C. T. Regan on which is truncated distally, where it joins the cleithrum above the symphysis; 4 radials, the lower rather strongly enlarged and with large foramina between them, the lowest and part of the next inserted on the hypocoracoid. Pelvic bones elongate. Vertebre 26 to 35; ribs and epipleurals inserted together, on parapophyses when these are developed. Five families may be recognized, and their relations may be expressed thus :— Haplodactylide. Latrididee. Chironemide. Chilodactylidee. Cirrhitide. 1. Cirrhitide. Dorsal X 11-14. Anal III 6-9. Simple rays of the pectoral more or less thickened and produced. Mouth terminal, protractile ; villiform teeth in jaws and on vomer, sometimes on palatines ; jaws formed as in the Serranida, the premaxillary rami with posterior expansions, the maxillaries exposed, broadest distally. A broad subocular shelf. Occi- pital crest moderate, commencing behind or above the poste- rior part of the orbit; parietal crests feeble or absent ; frontals with well-marked supraorbital flanges. Vertebre 26 to 28 (10+16-18) ; preecaudals with parapophyses from the fourth or fifth ; 1 to 3 ribs sessile. Genera: Isobuna, Cirrhites, Cirrhitichthys, Oxycirrhites. 2. Chironemide. Dorsal XIV-XV 16-18. Anal III 6-7. Villiform or conical teeth in jaws and on vomer. Premaxillary rami with posterior expansions vestigial or absent ; maxillary with a strong posterior expansion just below its palatine articula- tion. No subocular shelf. Occipital crest very short, deve- loped only on the posterior surface of the skull ; no parietal crests. Vertebre 33 (13+20); precaudals with para. the Cirrhitiform Percoids. 261 pophyses from the fourth or fifth; 1 or 2 ribs sessile. In other characters similar to the Cirrhitide. Two genera: Chironemus and Threpterius. 3. Haplodactylide. Dorsal X V—X VII 18-21. Anal III 6-8. Mouth trans- verse, subterminal, not or scarcely protractile; jaws with bands of lanceolate or tricuspid incisors; teeth on the vomer. Jaws, head skeleton, &c. as in Chironemus, except that the frontals have no definite supraorbital flanges. Vertebra 389 (16419); all the preecaudals with parapophyses; no sessile ribs. A single genus, Haplodactylus, scarcely differing from Chironemus, except in the mouth and dentition, and the greater development of the parapophyses. 4. Chilodactylidee. Dorsal XVI-XIX 23-33. Anal III 7-19, considerably shorter than the soft dorsal. Mouth, jaws, and dentition as in the Cirrhitide, except that the maxillary ramus has a strong posterior expansion just below its palatine articulation and there are no teeth on the palate. Skull as in the Cirrhitide ; subocular shelf well developed. Vertebree 30 (14421); in the preecaudal region expanded lamin at the bases of the neural spines; all the preecaudals with para- pophyses ; no sessile ribs. Chilodactylus and Nemadactylus differ from the Cirrhitidee only in the increased number of vertebre and fin-rays, the absence of vomerine teeth, the form of the maxillary, and the structure of the preecaudal vertebree. 5. Latridide. Dorsal XVII-XXIIT 24-39. Anal III 18-32, nearly as long as soft dorsal. Simple pectoral rays feeble, not pro- duced. No subocular shelf. Vertebrae 85 (14-421). Latris and Mendosoma, in other characters similar to the Chilodacty lide. From the above it will be seen that I am not in agreement with the views of Boulenger*, who, in 1896, redescribed Threpterius maculosus, Richards., and offered some remarks on the systematic position of the genus Threpterius and others * Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xviii. p. 398. 262 Mr. W. Schaus on which had been placed in its neighbourhood and whose relations he thought had been misunderstood. He wrote that an examination of the skeletons showed the family Cirrhitide of Giinther to be a most artificial group, and that if a natural arrangement were to be attempted the only way to deal with it would be to disband it altogether. He then proposed to place Cirrhites in the Serranide ; Chelodactylus was to join J/aplodactylus in the Sparide, and a distinct family, Latridide, was established for Chironemus, Threp- tertus, and Latris. ‘The presence or absence of a subocular shelf and of parapophyses on the anterior vertebra were apparently the only characters taken into consideration in this arrangement. That Chilodactylus has and Haplo- dactylus has not a subocular shelf was apparently overlooked, and Latris, which resembles these genera and differs from Chironemus and Threptertus in having parapophyses on all the precaudal vertebre, was evidently associated with the latter owing to an error in the tabular statement of the struc- ture of the vertebral column. In the ‘ Cambridge Natural History’ (1904) the Currhitinee form a subfamily of the Serranide; the Latridide include only Laétris, and are placed next to the Haplodactylide, comprising Haplodactylus, Chilodactylus, Chironemus, and Threpterius ; parapophyses are said to be developed from the third or fourth vertebra and a subocular shelf to be absent ; neither of these statements is true of all the genera. The presence or absence of a subocular shelf and the development of parapophyses have some taxonomic import- ance ; but other characters—for example, the number of anal spines and the presence or absence of a pelvic axillary process—are equally useful in classifying the Percoids. Apparently the subocular shelf has been lost twice and para- pophyses have been twice independently developed on the anterior preecaudal vertebree, within the limits of a single small and uniform group, the Cirrhitiformes. XXX.—WNew Species of Heterocera from Costa Rica —VI. By W. Scuaus, F.Z.S. Heorta mitis, sp. n. ¢@. Head and collar lilacine buff. Thorax pale greenish and light brown, irrorated with fuscous-brown scales. Abdo- men above fuscous grey ; a dorsal tuft of brown scales at Feterocera from Costa Rica. 263 base. Fore wings dull greenish grey, shaded with brown in cell and on inner margin; three fine black streaks on costa at base, and others more remote from base below cell; ante- medial fuscous points on veins; a geminate fine curved medial line, the inner part punctiform on veins; an oblique pale shade across end of cell; a black point anteriorly on discocellular ; a geminate postmedial line, very indistinct, forming a lunule between 6 and 4, and punctiform on veins below, followed by fuscous-brown shades between 3 and 6; a subterminal, wavy, velvety black line from costa to vein 4, thickening somewhat between the veins, followed by fuscous- grey shades on veins; marginal black lunules between the veins; terminal fuscous spots between veins extending on cilia, and interrupting a terminal black line. Hind wings fuscous ; cilia whitish. EXxpanse 37 mm. Hab. Juan Vinas, Sixola. Bardaxima hippioides, sp. n. Palpi whitish buff in front, with a lateral dark streak, violaceous brown behind. Frons and tufts in front dark violaceous ; tufts behind and vertex whitish buff. Collar mottled buff and reddish brown. ‘Thorax dark violaceous brown. Abdomen fuscous brown; a velvety dark brown tuft dorsally at base. Fore wings dark violaceous brown ; the base dull brown, with a short dark velvety streak and some white scales below cell; antemedial dull brown, edged in places with dark scales, outset on subcostal and just above median, preceded below cell by a patch of greenish scales; a dull brown shade on discocellular, crossed by a velvety dark brown lunule and followed by a wedge-shaped velvety spot, above which is a white streak along vein 5, limited by a white transverse line from 5 to 6, both edged with dark brown ; from above streak a light brown shade oblique to apex, becoming creamy buff between 7 and 8; dark brown streaks between 5 and 7, outwardly limited by buff lunules; marginal velvety spots, edged with light brown; cilia fuscous, with light brown points at veins. Hind wings fuscous. Expanse 45 mm. Hab, Hl Sitio, Cartago. Antiopha excelsa, sp. n. ?. Palpi, head, and coller fuscous brown, the vertex mottled with lilacine and reddish brown. Thorax and patagia lilacine brown. Abdomen above fuscous, Fore wings: the 264 Mr. W. Schaus on costal margin for two-thirds from base, the base, and basal half of inner margin fuscous grey, streaked with dark brown ; the cell and beyond it lilacine, streaked with reddish brown ; the apical third of costal margin reddish brown ; outer portion of inner margin greyish brown, with oblique reddish-brown streaks between submedian and vein 2; along median and vein 3 to outer margin a broad fuscous-brown shade; the outer margin tinged with fuscous grey; the reddish-brown streaks between veins geminate and subterminal lines between them bifurcating towards termen and enclosing marginal white points; some postmedial white points from vein 6 to costa. Hind wings fuscous, somewhat whitish at base; cilia fuscous brown at base, greyish terminally. Expanse 53 mm. Hab. Avangarez. Poresta punctulum, sp. n. 3. Palpi grey in front, brown behind, and with a lateral black streak. Head: frons light brown; vertex ochreous buff ; tufts dark brown and grey. Collar and thorax ochreous buff, partly shaded with dark brown; patagia dark grey. Abdomen fuscous grey, terminally shaded with reddish brown. Fore wings reddish brown; a white line from near base of costa oblique to near submedian and parallel with it to termen, below the line the base and inner margin is greenish grey irrorated with fuscous; a black point on discocellular ; the costal margin finely paler ; a black line outwardly shaded with dark violaceous from apex to white line medially ; the outer margin shaded with violaceous; marginal black points between the veins slightly shaded with grey, a curved terminal line between veins 2 and 3, outwardly filled in with white and grey. Hind wings fuscous ; a whitish-buff streak along inner margin. Hxpanse, ¢ 41, ¢ 54 mm. Hab. Juan Vinas, Tuis. Allied to P. thermesia, Felder. Dasylophia nigrescens, sp. n. 9. Palpi, head, and tufts dark brown, the latter shaded with whitish. Collar and thorax black. Abdomen light brown; a greyish dorsal line. Fore wings greyish brown ; the basal third black, with a black-brown streak in cell and above submedian, and followed by a lighter brown shade, and black medial line in cell, and below cell by the dark medial line and a white shade; the postmedial fuscous, Fleterccera from Costa Rica. 265 geminate, wavy, incurved to submedian fold, then outcurved, with a velvety dak spot just below vein 2, and a similar line between 2 and 3; a subterminal black shade very broad on costa, narrowing to a point at vein 2, with velvety streaks between the veins, which are followed by angled brown lines inwardly shaded with buff; a dark point at lower angle of cell ; a terminal black line preceded by grey irrorations. Hind wings whitish; the veins on outer half dark brown; the margins fuscous shaded. Hixpanse 45 mm. flab. Avangarez. A male similar to this female is in the National Museum, Washington, from Cuernavaca, Mexico, Dasylophia placida, sp. n. 3. Palpi and head brown ; tufts on head, thorax, and patagia lilacine brown. Collar dark violaceous brown. Abdomen light brown. Fore wings light brown, faintly tinged with lilacine, and with grey on outer half of inner margin; black irrorations on veins; some faint darker streaks at base ; a faint dentate antemedial shade; a medial shade, inwardly very oblique from submedian fold to submedian vein, and there preceded by a fine reddish-brown shade ; a velvety black spot at lower angle of cell ; a geminate post- medial wavy fuscous shade, incurved below vein 4, the two lines well apart, the outer one followed by a pale shade, and some reddish brown above and below vein 2; a subterminal fuscous shade with dark streaks between veins 4 to 8, and fuscous spots between 2 and 4, the dark streaks followed by buff streaks; a terminal dark lunular line, the points ex- tending on cilia. Hind wings whitish ; the veins on outer half and margins fuscous. Expanse 40 mm. flab. Sav José, Avangarez. Allied to D. guarana, Schs., but the antenna in the female of placida are simple, whereas in guarana they are pectinated. Dasylophia indecoris, sp. n. 3. Antenne pectinated to near tips. Palpi, head, and patagia dark lilacine grey; a dark brown lateral line on palpi; collar dark brown. Abdomen grey-brown. Fore wings grey-biown ; the cell and costal margin broadly shaded with tuscous brown; an oblique fuscous shade from costa antemedially to end of cell, angled and inwardly oblique to inuer margin; a pale postmedial shade on costa; median vein 266 Mr. W. Schaus on greyish buff edged with reddish brown; veins 2-4 and 5-7 terminally with fine fuscous streaks, edged with greyish buff; geminate brown streaks coalescing partly between veins 4-8; subterminal and terminal fuscous spots between veins 2-4. Hind wings fuscous brown, tinged with white at base, in and just beyond cell. Expanse 38 mm. Hab, Cachi. Allied to D. seriata, Druce. Dasylophia angustipennis, sp. n. d. Frons and collar buff-brown; vertex and_ thorax reddish brown ; patagia violaceous brown; tufts at base of antenne greyish brown. Abdomen above greyish brown, with dark irrorations terminally. Fore wings brown ; base of costa and inner margin buff; avery oblique reddish-brown shade from costa across middle of cell, incurved and finely dentate to inner margin, followed by a fine geminate fuscous line from vein 2, sharply oblique towards base from sub- median fold, punctiform at fold and vein 2; postmedial space below 4 to tornus shaded with grey; veins 4-7 dark brown; geminate fuscous and brown streaks from cell to termen and subterminal buff streaks between veins 4-8; traces of a curved postmedial line, followed by a white and black spot between 2 and 3; a subterminal lunular buff line edged with reddish brown between 2 and 4. Hind wings white ; veins terminally, inner margin broadly, and apex slightly irrorated with fuscous. Eixpanse 46 mm. Hab, El Sitio, Juan Vinas. Wings longer and narrower than usual, Arhacia corina, sp. n. 3d. Palpi, head, collar, and thorax violaceous brown ; palpi tipped with buff; a geminate dorsal whitish streak from antenne to tips of patagia. Abdomen fuscous brown; a dorsal tuft at base mottled brown and white. Fore wings: a broad brownish-black shade from base of costa through cell and just below it to near termen between 4 and 6, on which the veins are still darker streaked; a buff shade above this along costa and below vein 7 to near termen with some brown streaks ; the apical third of costa above vein 7 shaded with lighter brown; below dark shade the wing is lilacine brown; an outcurved dark geminate antemedial line; a faint post- medial line also geminate; a subterminal fuscous-brown FHleterocera from Costa Rica. 267 shade darkest from below vein 2 to vein 4; an olive-brown terminal line cut by veins and preceded by a buff line; cilia buff, with darker spots at veins. Hind wings whitish; the margins and veins terminally fuscous brown. Expanse 35 mm. The female has the hind wings entirely fuscous brown, the cilia whitish buff. Expanse 42 mm. Hab. Juan Vinas, Tuis. Cerura laqueata, sp. n. 3. Head white, edged with black laterally ; a black spot on vertex. Collar white, edged with black in front and behind. Thorax white, streaked with black. Abdomen white at base and terminally, otherwise fuscous grey with whitish transverse lines; a postmedial black line on last segment. Fore wings silvery white, the markings black ; basal and subbasal lines to submedian; antemedial and medial lines parallel, wavy, indentate on submedian, outbent to inner margin; the cell-spot large, formed by a heavy incurved line on medial side, outwardly straight between 2 and 3, obtusely projecting between 3 and 4, incurved between 4 and subcostal ; a geminate lunular postmedial line, followed on costa by a thicker line; marginal oblique black lines from 6 to termen of 4, 4 to 3, 3 to 2, and 2 to tornus terminating in spots on cilia ; from apex to vein 6 a straight line. Hind wings white; a fuscous patch at apex; some fuscous hairs on inner margin; a few fuscous irrorations on outer margin; dark points on cilia. Expanse 34 mm. Hab. Sixola. Lirimiris imitans, sp. n. 3. Palpi and frons reddish brown, irrorated with white; vertex whitish buff, shaded with light brown ; collar brown; patagia brown, edged with buff. Abdomen grey-brown above ; a dark reddish-brown dorsal tuft at base; terminal segment and anal hairs buff, streaked with pale reddish brown. Fore wings buff tinged with pale brown, and longi- tudinal brownish streaks from base; a geminate dark reddish- brown streak from base below cell to middle, followed by a broad olive-brown shade, terminating at a small cluster of black scales between veins 3 and 4; an olive-grey streak near base above submedian ; the costal and inner margins reddish brown, with darker streaks, from a little beyond base ; 268 Mr. W. Schaus on the outer margin narrowly dark olive-green, preceded by a light buff shade, followed by a fine whitish and a fine black line, and terminally as well as cilia reddish brown crossed by a darker brown line; transverse whitish and pale reddish- brown lines at end of cell. Hind wings brown, the costal margin and anterior portion of cell yellowish white; a mar- ginal darker brown shade, divided by a wavy buff line on anner half ; a terminal pale shade, divided by a darker brown line, becoming black near anal angle. Expanse 57 mm. ‘ Hab. Sixola. Fore wings similar to Arhacia combusta, H.-S. ; hind wings differ in colour and in having veins 3 and 4 well apart. Dicentria patula, sp. n. 3. Palpi, head, collar, and patagia brown ; a fuscous spot on vertex; thorax fuscous and dark brown. Abdomen above fuscous; the terminal segment and anal hairs fuscous and buff. Fore wings: basal half of costa, cell, and a shade along submedian to termen dull violaceous grey ; a velvety dark brown streak at base below cell, and a similar streak on discocellular, followed by a brown shade ; an olive-brown shade below cell ; a broad curved postmedial buff shade from costa to vein 2, divided by an interrupted fine brownish line ; vein 5 edged with dark brown to termen; a subterminal dark brown space above vein 2, extending to termen on vein 3, with a buff spot below 3 ; vein 4, 6 to costa, and apex pale olive-brown, with some terminal buff streaks. Hind wings whitish; fuscous hairs along inner margin; the veins light brown, becoming darker terminally. Expanse 41 mm. Hab, Cartago, Juan Vinas; Volcano Turrialba, 5800 feet. Dicentria missilis, sp. n. d. Head, collar, and thorax fuscous, mottled with grey and light brown. Abdomen above fuscous brown, darkest dorsally at base. Fore wings light brown, tinged with buff in and below cell and on outer margin between 3 and6; a velvety black-brown streak on discocellular, followed by a long similar streak between veins 4 and 5; vein 5 terminally broadly olive-brown ; veins 3, 4, and 6 finely dark brown; a subterminal dark brown shade between veins 2 and 3; a dark shade at base of veins 2-4; a dark streak from base below cell to antemedial line, which is fine olive-brown, forming three outward curves; a whitish marginal spot Fleterocera from Costa Rica. 269 between veins 2 and 33; an indistinct subterminal line, punctiform on veins ; cilia whitish buff and brown. Hind wings white, the veins and margin irrorated with fuscous hairs; a fuscous streak near inner margin. Expanse 31 mm. Hab. Sixola, Juan Vinas. Allied to D. stridula, Schs., and D. disparilis, Schs. Dicentria rivalis, sp. n. 6. Palpi buff, a fuscous-brown patch laterally. Head and thorax mottled brown and fuscous. Abdomen above fuscous, the terminal segments buff and brown. Fore wings buff- brown, shaded with pale reddish brown on inner margin; a dark brown space at base of costa and cell; a pale line on either side of discocellular, preceded in cell by a dark shade and followed by a dark brown streak from between 4 and 5 obliquely across vein 5; antemedial line faintly indicated ; small postmedial geminate streaks on veins; subterminal fuscous spots above vein 6; a dark brown space on outer margin from vein 2 to above vein 3; veins terminally fuscous ; terminal brown spots between veins ; fuscous spots on cilia at veins. Hind wings white, some terminal brown scales ; a fuscous shade at anal angle. Expanse 35 mm. @. Fore wings greyer; the lines and spots more distinct ; the spot on discocellular oval, whitish grey, with dark centre ; a geminate dark wavy line before cell-spot ; acurved dentate fuscous line just beyond cell; the postmedial very oblique on _costa and finely dentate, geminate; the subterminal spots larger. Hind wings: the veins terminally and outer margin fuscous. Expanse 44 mm. Hab. Juan Vinas, Guapiles. Allied to D. palmita, Schs. Dicentria rustica, sp. n. ¢@. Head and thorax mottled grey-brown and fuscous ; frons shaded with buff. Abdomen above black; a buff space dorsally on last two segments; underneath whitish buff ; a black ventral space at base; the legs fringed with long. black hairs. Fore wings dull brown, irrorated with fuscous brown, especially at base, on inner margin, and above tornus; a fuscous shade at end of cell; antemedial very indistinct, fuscous; fine fuscous streaks between veins beyond cell; postmedial black points on veins; veins dark brown ; 270 Mr. W. Schaus on subterminal fuscous spots between veins shaded with buff near toznus. Hind wings white; fine terminal fuscous irrorations ; a fuscous-brown streak near inner margin from base, ending in a fuscous shade at anal angle. Underneath white. Fore wings: the veins on terminal half fuscous; the postmedial area shaded with fuscous above vein 4; a sub- terminal dentate fuscous shade; sagittate fuscous spots on veins terminally. Hind wings: a small fuscous shade at anal angle, 9. Fore wings rather darker, the markings very confused. Hind wings fuscous; the basal area in and below cell shaded with white; a curved whitish line above anal angle. . Expanse 45 mm. Hab. Sixola, Juan Vinas. Dicentria tacita, sp. n. Palpi, head, and collar medially brownish buff ; collar otherwise, and thorax mottled brown and fuscous. Abdomen above fuscous brown, the terminal segments whitish buff. Fore wings brown, irrorated with fuscous at base, below cell and vein 2, and on outer margin between veins 2 and 4; traces of dark brown lines between the veins beyond cell; marginal white spots at tornus and between veins 2 and 4; black marginal spots between veins 6 and 8. Hind wings white ; some brownish scales terminally ; a fuscous-brown shade along inner margin. Hxpanse 34 mm. Hab. Sixola. Dicentria limosoides, sp. n. &. Head, collar, and thorax mottled light brown and fuscous; some silvery white scales on patagia. Fore wings brown ; the costal margin, apex, and cell paler, shaded with olive-green and pale buff; an olive-green spot at end of cell, edged with whitish ; postmedial line geminate, dentate, lunular and punctiform on veins, rather indistinct ; no streaks between the veins; elongated subterminal fuscous spots, outwardly shaded with white on costa and at tornus; veins broadly tipped with black. Hind wings white; a terminal brown line; veins terminally shaded with brown; a fuscous shade at apex ; a fuscous line near inner margin; anal angle fuscous. Expanse 32 mm. @. The markings more distinct; a geminate antemedial line; the subterminal spots all shaded outwardly with buff. Hind wings whitish ; the margins broadly fuscous. Feterocera from Costa Rica. 271 Expanse 42 mm. Hab. Juan Vinas, Sixola. Very closely allied to Dicentria (Meragisa) limosa, Schs. Psilacron arthurt, sp. n. 6. Head, collar, and thorax mottled greenish buff and brown; a black-brown transverse line on collar. “Abdomen fuscous above; basal tufts greenish buff ; terminal segment and anal hairs buff. Fore wings: some greenish buff at base, and a black point below cell followed by a fuscous-grey shade limited by the antemedial line, which is fine, black- brown, geminate, somewhat oblique from costa to submedian, then incurved ; medially and below vein 4 grey, with darker irrorations; a greenish-buff shade between 3 and 4 near cell, above submedian medially, and about tornus; a small brown spot on discocellular, followed by a curved brownish shade consisting of short streaks ; postmedial geminate, interrupted, forming short velvety streaks on veins, followed between veins 4-7 by a large fuscous-grey shade; a marginal dark grey shade from costa to vein 4; a terminal olive-brown line; terminal black streaks on veins; cilia whitish, with fuscous spots. Hind wings fuscous grey, the veins and inner margin darker; a geminate postmedial line on costa filled in with greenish buff. Expanse 37 mm. 9. Fore wings olive-brown, shaded with fuscous and dark grey, tie lines as in the male ; a large whitish patch on outer margin from vein 2 to just above vein 4. Hind wings with indistinct medial and geminate postmedial fuscous lines. ixpanse 41 mm. Hab. Juan Vinas. Psilacron discolor, sp. n. 3. Head, collar, and thorax mottled brown and greenish. Abdomen above greyish brown ; dorsal greenish tufts at base. Fore wings yellowish green, probably faded, shaded with fuscous grey in and below cell medially; a subterminal dull fuscous-grey shade from vein 4-7; a large antemedial black space from below cell to inner margin ; a velvety black semilunar spot at end of cell, and an inward fuscous shade below it ; a fine incurved dark line from costa before sub- terminal shade to vein 3, geminate from vein 7-3; a sub- terminal fuscous shade between veins 2 and 3; a paler mar- ginal line, lunular below vein 4. Hind wings brownish, tinged with fuscous grey. 272 Mr. W. Schaus on Eixpanse 41 mm. The female has the outer margin broadly shaded with white between veins 2 and 4. Expanse 47 mm Hab. Juan Vinas, Tuis ‘This species may vrove to be a variety of P. roberti, Schs. it is readily distinguished by the discal spot and black ante- medial spaces. FHleterocampa altilis, sp. n. 9. Head, collar, and thorax mottled green and fuscous brown. Abdomen fuscous grey, with dark velvety scales at base. Fore wings: from base to tornus, end of cell, and slightly beyond on costa dull green and brown, with some fuscous shadings antemedially ; inner margin finely brown- black; a fine black medial line forming three outward curves and inwardly shaded with dull green ; a buff streak on discocellular, outbent anteriorly and divided by a fine black line ; a geminate white postmedial line on costa; from be- yond cell and from vein 2 to costa a large greyish-black space almost reaching termen, on which veins 2-6 are brown-black, and there are intervenal dark brown streaks except between veins 3 and 4, and also a postmedial and subterminal dark brown shade, the latter limiting the dark streaks ; between veins 3 and 4 an ovate space containing a whitish streak along vein 3 and some green shadings ; a marginal green shade outwardly edged by a fine black line; termen brownish, with a terminal dark line. Hind wings fuscous brown; a faint postmedial pale line. Expanse 44 mm. Hab. El Sitio. Heterocampa apparata, sp. n. 3. Palpi fuscous brown, fringed in front with light brown, Head greenish brown; a darker shade on vertex. Collar and thorax violaceous brown, the former tipped with dark green ; patagia and dorsal tuft at base of abdomen dark green. Abdomen fuscous brown; the anal hairs yellowish green. Fore wings apple-green; a geminate black basal line on costa; a black streak below cell at base; antemedial line fine, black, geminate, lunular, preceded by a brown spot on costa, and a similar space below cell to inner margin ; bluish-white irrorations on costa medially, and an oblique patch of similar scales between veins 2 and 3 from disco- cellular, preceded below end of cell by some dark green Fleterocera from Costa Rica. 273 scales ; discocellular light brown, edged with velvety fuscous brown ; a fuscous geminate medial line on costa and a single black medial line from vein 2 to inner margin ; postmedial fine, black, indistinct, lunular and oblique to vein 3, then incurved and lunular, followed between 4 and 7 by some scattered black irrorations ; a subterminal wavy black shade; base of cilia yellowish. Hind wings fuscous grey, tinged with lilacine ; a dark postmedial line on costa, followed by a whitish spot; cilia green. Eixpanse 39 mm, Hab. 'Tuis. Fleterocampa delecta, sp. n. 3. Head, collar, and thorax olive-green. - Abdomen above fuscous grey. Tore wings olive-green, strongly shaded with white on outer half of costal margin and beyond cell; an oblique geminate basal fuscous line, filled in with brown above cell; a wavy geminate antemedial fuscous line, rather in- distinct ; a fuscous medial line, outwardly edged with white on costa, interrupted by a brown line on discocellular ; the postmedial from vein 7, lunular fuscous and brown, spotted with white on veins 2-7; a faint dentate brownish subterminal shade. Hind wings fuscous grey ; a geminate dark post- medial line on costal margin, followed by a large white space at apex. Hixpanse, g 35, 2? 45 mm. Hab, Juan Vinas, El Sitio. Heterocampa dolorosa, sp. 0. Palpi brown, tipped with grey. Frons light brown. Thorax black-brown, mottled with grey ; a white patch on patagia. Abdomen dorsally brown, a darker patch at base; terminal segments shaded with white. Legs and body below greyish brown. Fore wings fuscous brown ; a large whitish space from base of costa to medial, extending to submedian on inner margin, inwardly limited by an oblique basal brown shade and outwardly by the medial, which is outcurved around end of cell and dentate below submedian fold ; the antemedial geminate, black, inbent on subcostal and sub- median, only faintly marked above median; a black point in cell; a brown lunule on discocellular; postmedial black, geminate, lunular, divided by greyish lunules ; a subterminal fuscous dentate line, outwardly partly shaded with whitish, suffusing with marginal whitish spots between veins 2 and 4; cilia whitish, spotted with fuscous. Hind wings white; Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. vii. 18 2T4 Mr. W. Schaus on geminate fuscous:-postmedial lines on eosta and a spot at apex 5 inner margin broadly fuscous. Expanse, f° 52, ¢ 61 mm. Hab. Tuis, Juan Vinas. Olosely allied to H. atrax, Schs. Heterocampu livida, sp. n- 3g. Head and thorax olive-brown. Tegule and patagia steel-blue, edged with green. Abdomen fuscous grey ; base and terminal segment buff. Fore wings green ; steel-blue spots on basal half of costa and one on mner margin ante- medially ; some darker green at base below cell; antemedial line indistinct, geminate ; an oblique dark green shade from eelk to middle of imner margm, followed by a bluish-grey shade in and below eell; a paler green space at end of cell extending on to costa, containing a small brown spot at end ef cell, and followed above vein 4 by a dark greenish shade to subterminal, this shade being erossed by the fine lanular, gemimate, postmedial line ; the subterminal broad, steel-blue, edged with fuscous, inset below vein 3; a pale green space at apex ; a submarginal fuscous hunular shade from vems 3-7 ; a terminal fuscous shade from vein 3 to apex, irrorated with white on veins; cilia spotted with brown. Hind wings fuseous; the base whitish buff; a black postnmedial line, followed by a pale shade. Expanse 41 mm. . @. Head and thorax steel-blue, the collar edged with fuscous. Fore wings steel-blue, the lines Iunular, black, geminate ; the basab line filled in with green in and below cell; the antemedial shaded with green towards inner margin ; a curved black line at end of cell, followed by a brown-tinged space, extending below cell to antemedial ; the postmedial shaded with brown from veins 3-7 ; the subterminal single, tunular, heavily marked, black, shaded with white and olive- brown outwardly ; terminal black streaks on veins, expanding into spots on cilia. Hind wings fuscous brown, darkest on outer margin; a paler postmedial shade; cilia terminally whitish and with fuscous spots. Expanse 51 mm. Hab. Juan Vinas, Tuis. Heterocampa lucoides, sp. n. G. Head, collar, and thorax olive-green, with darker patches on patagia. Abdomen above fuscous grey. Fore wings yellowish green, mottled with olive-green, forming a fleterocera from Costa Rica. 275 dark patch around end of cell ; a subbasal line; a basal spot on costa and below cell; an antemedial spot on costa, followed from subcostal to inner margin by a deeply lunular geminate line, outwardly heavily shaded with dark green between cell and submedian fold; a pale line on discocellular outwardly darkly shaded ; the postmedial geminate, lunular from vein 6 to inner margin, followed by a dark shade between veins 2 and 3; subterminal dark green lunular shades, heaviest between veins 3-6; a submarginal olive-green shade; terminal dark spots between the veins; dark green spots on cilia at end of veins. Hind wings somewhat smoky, tinged with roseate buff; a paler postmedial shade. Expanse 40 mm. Hab. Juan Vinas. Allied to Heterocampa (Luca) herbida, WI\k. Heterocampa meretricia, sp. n. Palpi black behind, greenish buff in front. Frons light brown. Vertex, collar, and thorax olive-green. Abdomen green above, paler on two terminal segments; underneath luteous. Fore wings light green; the base to antemedial, which is nearly straight, dark olive-green ; a faint irregular medial line; a large buff spot at end of cell, containing two brown spots on discocellular; a postmedial fuscous line, lunular and faintly geminate, starting from a fuscous shade on costa; subterminal black spots, inset between veins 4 and 6; quadrate black spots on cilia at ends of veins. Hind wings roseate; the outer margin broadly fuscous, preceded by a fuscous postmedial line; cilia pale green spotted with black. Expanse 40 mm. flab. Tuis. FTeterocampa novella, sp. n. Head, collar, and thorax brown tinged with violaceous, the vertex mottled with dull green. Abdomen brown tinged with grey. Fore wings brown; the costal margin from base to postmedial mottled with dull green; the inner and outer margins dull green ; the lines indistinct, consisting of vague fuscous shades; the antemedial geminate on costa; the discocellular lighter brown with a fuscous shade beyond and below it; a small whitish postmedial spot on costa; a broad subterminal fuscous shade from vein 3 to near apex, preceded by a faint pale brown shade ; a fine black interrupted mar- ginal line ; cilia roseate brown with fuscous spots at veins, 18% 276 Mr. W. Schaus on Hind wings thinly scaled, the inner and outer margins more distinctly fuscous brown; a dark postmedial line followed by a paler shade; cilia roseate brown tipped with white. Expanse 39 mm. flab. Sixola, Avangarez. Allied to H. sylla, Druce. Heterocampa peralta, sp. n. ¢g. Head and collar violaceous brown. Patagia pale green with a white spot on dorsal edge; pale green tufts on thorax behind with long spatulate scales. Abdomen rich brown. Fore wings dull fustous brown; a green basal line; ante- medial and medial green spots on costa; an oblique fuscous shade across end ot cell to near tornus; area beyond cell and above vein 3 lighter brown; outer half of inner margin white, coalescing with two small white spots on submedian, and marked by a greenish spot between them; outer margin shaded with fuscous to near apex; a_ terminal whitish-grey line; cilia light brown spotted with fuscous at veins. Hind wings dark brown; traces of a pale postmedial line; cilia whitish streaked with brown at veins. Expanse 33 mm. Hab. Peralta. Heterocampa perplexa, sp. n. g. Head and thorax mottled green and brown; the tegulee dark violaceous brown. Abdomen brown dorsally, becoming paler terminally ; laterally fuscous. Fore wings : the base narrowly green, crossed and limited by a dark brown line; a black point below cell; antemedial space dark violaceous brown, limited by the geminate dark antemedial line which forms three outward curves below subcostal ; medial space dark reddish brown from subcostal to sub- median fold, below which it is green, and there are some green spots on costa; a light brown shade on discocellular closely followed by a black medial line; beyond medial the wing is green ; the postmedial lunular, geminate, black, partly indistinct ; subterminal brownish spots between veins 4-7, crossed by a pale line; an inwardly lunular marginal black line; the veins terminally streaked with black. Hind wings white; the inner margin and a terminal line fuscous ; the veins terminally fuscous; a buff spot at anal angle. Two specimens from Sixola have a dark grey streak from Fleteroceva frum Costa Rica. 277 medial to subterminal between veins 4 and 5, and the reddish-brown medial shade extends between veins 2 and 3 to near tornus ; the veins on hind wings are black except at base. Expanse 39 mm. @. Head, collar, and thorax moss-green. Fore wings paler in tint; three dark spots on subterminal shade between 4 and 7, and three spots between vein 3 and inner margin, the spot between 2 and 3 largest. Hind wings fuscous grey ; a buff spot at anal angle; the cilia light brown and white with dark spots at veins. Expanse 43 mm. Hab. Juan Vinas, Sixola, Avangarez. Heterocampa plebeia, sp. n. Palpi dark brown fringed with buff-brown. Thorax dark brown ; head, collar, and patagia light brown. Abdomen fuscous brown. Fore wings brown, the lines darker; the basal geminate; the antemedial geminate, finely dentate ‘on costa and in cell, wavy below cell, dentate on sub- median; antemedial space dark brown from costa across cell ; a whitish-buff space below cell and on base of inner margin ; a dark brown spot at end of cell, followed by a dull shade oblique from costa, angled at vein 4; the post- medial indistinct, geminate, followed by greyish scales on submedian and veins 2-4, and by dark brown shades on costa, and from vein 2 to inner margin, also by a quadrate dark brown shade between veins 4 and 5; a subterminal whitish- buff line, obsolescent towards apex; the veins beyond post- medial streaked with black; a faint terminal buff line above tornus. Hind wings brown; an indistinct postmedial buff shade ; cilia whitish buff. Expanse 38 mm. Hab. Juan Vinas, El Sitio, Tuis. Heterocampa princeps, sp. n. @. Head, thorax, and fore wings pale yellowish green. Abdomen light buff; some reddish brown at base dorsally ; two transverse patches on last segment dorsally. Fore wings: a dark oblique shade from base of cell to inner margin suffusing above submedian with a fine curved ante- medial line; an oblique darker green shade medially from costa to vein 2 subterminally, on which is a still darker Junate spot on discocellular ; postmedial greenish-white spots on veins preceded and followed by small dark spots most noticeable on veins 2-4 ; dark streaks close to celi on 278 Mi. W. Schats on veins 3 and 43 an indistinet subterminal shade with darker shadings on veins; dark green points on cilia at veins. Hind wings white faintly tinged with yellow, more distinctly on inner margin. Expanse 45 mm, fla. Juan Vinas, El Sitio. Fleterocampa proba, sp. nk &. Head and thorax dark moss-green; some white scales on tegule behind. Abdomen above brown, paler dorsally ; aval hairs tinged with rufous. Fore wings dark moss-green ; a curved geminate dark brown basal line, filled in with lighter brown; the antemedial, geminate, finely wavy, junular; an indistinet brownish mark on discocellutar 3 the postmedial lunular between veins, faintly geminate, with white points on veins and a white line on inner margin; subterminal brown and fuscous spots between the veins, inset between 4 and 6; the veins on terminal third of wing tinged with fuscous and irrorated with grey scales; white points terminally on veins. Hind wings brown; the cell and beyond more thinly scaled showing a whitish ground ; the costal margin dark moss-green, with a geminate post- medial line, continuing as a pale shade to inner margin. EXxpanse 40 mm. @. The abdomen with dark brown dorsal tufts. Fore wings brighter green; the subterminal spots sagittate. Hind wings greyer, the outer margin tinged with green. xpanse 49 mm. Hab. Juan Vinas. Allied to H. delira, Schs, Heterocampa spectra, sp. ii. 2. Head, collar, and thorax white mottled with brownish- grey hairs. Abdomen ochreous buff, the terminal segment dorsally whitish. Fore wings white, thinly irrorated with ochreous brown and dark brewn; a wavy, curved, basal ochreous-brown line; the antemedial faint, geminate, fuscous, oblique from cell, terminating in a fuscous patch on middle of inner margin ; a small dark brewn spot at end of cell, and two oblique brown lines above it on costa; pestmediad geminate, lunular, fuscous, indistinct, followed by a brownish shade on costa; subterminal sagittate black spots between the veins; cilia white spotted with brown at veins. Hind wings light greyish brown; a dark terminal line; a post- medial whitish shade. © Meterocera from Coste, Rica. 279 Expanse 47 mm. flab. Poas. Allied to HZ. ésidra, Schs. Rhuda tuisa, sp. re Palpi and frons mottled grey and brown, the latter crossed by a brown line. Vertex, collar, and thorax olive-brown ; whitish lines on collar in front; patagia crossed by a white transverse line, and posteriorly with a large lilacine-grey patch. Abdomen brownish above, ochreous tufts laterally ; underneath yellowish. Fore wings: a silvery-white stripe frem base of cell to submedian at inner line, below which the basal area is white irrorated with fuscous brown; a brown shade from base of costa to tornus and along inner margin beyond the inner line, with a fuscous streak at base of sub- costal and median, and submedian medially; above the brown shade the wing is roseate across cell and between veins 2 and4 to mear termen, and is crossed by three fine outer lines, very ebliqgue inwardly from vein 4, the outer of the three lines much thickened between 2 and 3; abeve the roseate shade a narrow silvery-white shade surrounding an elongated silky olive-brown space along costa which is posteriorly edged by a fuscous-brown line, oblique from costa to lower angle of cell, straight along vein 4 to within 4 mm. of termen and then finely crenulate to costa; a wavy mar- ginal brown line, beyond which the termen is thickly irrorated with brown. Hind wings yellow; the apex snd outer margin broadly black. Expanse, ¢ 50 mm. Hxpanse, ? 59 mm. flab. Sixola, Tuis. Chadisra hibrida, sp. 1. &. Palpi, head, collar, and thorax light browa shaded with reddish brown; a black spot on vertex behind ; patagia grey mottled with brown. Abdomen above fuscous brown ; greyish tuft at base, and grey dorsal line expanding ter- minally. Fore wings grey: an interrupted basal black line beyond which to antemedial the space is tinged with fuscous brown; the antemedial geminate, the first line indistinet fuscous, the second line velvety fuscous brown, sinuous, the narrow shade between them lighter browm; an inbent whitish line en discecellular followed by a vague medial fuscous shade ; the postmedial velvety fuscous brown, slightly incurved from subcostal to vein 4 then wavy and somewhat 280 Mr. W. Schaus on oblique to inner margin, followed by a brownish shade limited by the subterminal, which consists of coalescing clusters of velvety scales between 5 and 8, followed by a whitish line somewhat outcurved on vein 4, and parallel with termen to inner margin ; the outer margin whitish irrorated with brown, very densely so above vein 4; some marginal dark brown lunules between 4 and 7; terminal dark spots at veins extending on cilia. Hind wings white, the vein on outer half dark brown; the outer margin fuscous brown ; cilia white. Expanse 38 mm. 2. Collar fuscous brown. Fore wings very similar to male, the subterminal velvety black continuous, almost straight from costa to below vein 4, where it is angled out- wardly, then inbent, and finely dentate, outwardly edged with white ; a fine marginal brown line, angled helow vein 4. Hind wings fuscous, tinged with white at base; cilia brownish tipped with white. Expanse 38 mm. Hab. Tuis. Chadisra luculenta, sp. n. Palpi dark brown, greyish in front. Frons dark grey. Vertex, collar, and thorax buff shaded with brown; patagia grey irrorated with fuscous, and dorsally edged with brown. Abdomen dorsally and terminally grey, laterally broadly fuscous brown; underneath white. Fore wings light brown irrorated with fuscous below cell on basal third; the costal margin crossed by black lines medially, spotted with black and white on apical third; an antemedial geminate black line filled in with white from subcostal to submedian, followed by a broad white space crossed by dentate black lines, limited by a geminate lunular black line inset on vein 3, so the white space becomes much narrower and terminates in a point on inner margin ; the apex shaded with white; sub- terminal triangular black spots between veins 5 and 8, and small dark brown intervenal spots below vein 4; an irregular marginal black line ; an interrupted dark brown line at base of cilia, which is white with geminate brownish streaks. Hind wings white; the outer margin black, widest at apex; some fuscous hairs on inner margin above angle. Expanse, ¢ 37 mm. | Expanse, 9? 41 mm. Hab. Juan Vinas, Tuis. Heterocera from Costa Rica. 281 Chadisra prelauta, sp. n. @. Palpi in front white irrorated with brown, dark brown behind. Head, collar, and thorax brown; patagia grey. Abdomen brown above, the basal segment whitish grey. Fore wings: basal third of costal margin and cell whitish irrorated with brown; below cell more narrowly similar, limited by an inwardly oblique fuscous shade from cell, and with a brown streak below median; a wavy black medial line divided in cell by a light brown shade and followed by a dark grey shade at end of cell; the medial space brown; a postmedial lunular black line inset on vein 3, irregularly edged with white and followed by a brown space, leaving the terminal area above vein 3 white thinly irrorated with brown; subterminal black spots between veins 6 and 8, and smaller spots between 2 and 4; a marginal irregular brown line, beyond which the irrorations are thicker, Hind wings: basal half whitish irrorated with brown; outer half fuscous, narrowing at anal angle; cilia white. Eixpanse 35 mm. Hab. Tuis. Rifargia dissepta, sp, n. $. Head brownish mottled with grey, Tegule brown, tipped with grey behind, and with two lines of grey scales in front. Thorax and abdomen grey irrorated with brown except on four basal segments of abdomen, Tore wings and cilia whitish thickly irrorated with light brown; a brownish basal shade on costa, preceded by an oblique white spot and some darker brown scales in and below cell; two fine black lines on either side of discocellular, the inner one angled anteriorly, the branch extending towards base, the outer one angled at middle of discocellular, the branches extending outwardly ; a fine brownish medial shade and fine postmedial lunular line around end of cell; a subterminal whitish den- tate shade with fuscous streaks between veins 4-8 and a small fuscous spot above and below vein 2; a marginal dark line straight from costa to vein 4, then lunular, Hind wings white at base, the veins and some hairs brownish; the outer margin broadly black ; cilia white, Expanse 45 mm. 9. Fore wings: no basal dark markings; traces of an antemedial lunular line ; no black lines at discocellular, the medial area from cell to inner margin tinged with fuscous brown, and a similar shade at end of cell. Hixpanse 47 mm. Hab, Avangarez. Possibly only an extreme form of &. distinguenda, Wl|k. 282 Mr. W. Schaus o# Lobeza trrorata, sp. 1. 3. Head, collar, and thorax whitish grey mottled with dark brown hairs; on thorax posteriorly a curved dark brown line, the scales partly tipped with ochreous. Abdomen: dorsally fuscous brown, with light brown shades anteriorly on segments ; a small white tuft at base and a white dorsal line; last segment grey. Body below white. Fore wings white thinly irrorated with dark brown and ochreous, the latter chiefly along the lines and on antemedial portion of inner margin; an indistinct geminate antemedial line, deeply dentate and sulfusing with medial shade above submedian ; the medial crossing end of cell, nearly straight and outwardly toothed on veins, followed by a broad whitish space; the postmedial, geminate, lunular, more wavy in the female, and thickly irrorated with dark brown and echreous ; the termen clearer white; an irregular brown marginal line. Hind wings white; some fuscous scales at base; a medial fascous line not reaching costa. Expanse 69 mm. 9. Fore wings mere evenly and thickly irrorated with brown scales. Expanse 90 mm. Hab. Juan Vinas, Tuis, Sixola. Allied to Z. schausi, Dogn. Anita costalis, sp. Ye Palpi whitish buff in front, dark brown behind. Head, collar, and thorax dark brown; a streak in front of antenna and patagia whitish buff. Abdomen above fuscous brown. Fore wings: the cell anteriorly and costal margin whitish buff; the extreme costa finely black-brown, somewhat broader towards apex; the wing otherwise olive-brown, paler be- tween veins 4 and 6; veins 5 and © and 7 terminaily dark brown; a transverse fuscous-brown shade at base; traces of a darker geminate antemedial line below cell; a curved dark shade on discocelluiar, edged with whitish buff; traces of a postmedial line from below vein 5, outwardly shaded with whitish buff between 3 and 4. Hind wings irrorated with fuscous brown. Hixpanse 42 mm. Hab. Sixola. Allied to A. basipuncta, Schaus. Hemiceras amanda, sp. 0 @. Head and thorax lilacine brown; some white irro- rations on vertex. Abdomen brown above, buff underneath. Fleterocera from Costa Rica. 283 Kore wings brown tinged with lilacine; the lines consisting ef white points on veins ; a white point at base below median ; the antemedial nearly straight ; the outer line from costa at 2mm. from apex to middle of inner margin; an oblique fuscous spot at end of cell, from which an oblique slightly darker brown shade extends to outer margin; faint sub- terminal dark streaks on veins 6-8 ; a few whitish scales at apex; cilia brown; the inner margin lobed and excised. Hind wings brown, the veins darker; cilia tipped with white ; no epaque spot. Kxpanse 38 mm. Hab. Juan Vinas. Allied to H. muscosa, Schs. Hemiceras ceiba, sp. ns 6. Head and cellar fawn-colour, the vertex white. Thorax lilacine brown. Abdomen light brown above tinged with fuscous. Body underneath buff-brown. Fore wings bright reddish brown tinged with lilacine ; a fine grey streak aleng costa ; three antemedial black points, the one on median more remote from base; apex fuscous with white irrorations ; a fine straight dark brown line from apex to middle of inner margin, faintly punctiform on veins, and outwardly edged by a lighter brown line; inner margin lebed and excised. Hind wings whitish tinged with ,brown ; the veins, inner and outer margins light brown; the stigma darker brown. Expanse 48 mm. flab. Tuis. Hemiceras celia, sp. 1. 6. Head and collar reddish brown; vertex and base of antennz white; collar posteriorly, patagia, and abdomen dorsally violaceous brown. Body below brownish buff. Hore wings silky reddish brown tinged with violaceous except on outer margin which is dull reddish brown, branching to postmedial between veins 3 and 4; extreme costa irrorated with fuscous and white, but very indistinct ; antemedial fine, nearly straight, dull reddish brown, indistinctly punctiform on veins; a fine black streak on discocellular; postmedial similar, linear frem vein 2 to inner margin, consisting of black points on veins from 2 to costa; inner margin lobed and excised. Hind wings silky brown without a stigma ; cilia tipped with white. Expanse 45 mm. Hab, Tuis. 284 Mr. W. Schaus on Llemiceras clarki, sp. n. ¢. Head, collar, thorax, and fore wings brownish buff faintly tinged with roseate; collar edged posteriorly with fuscous grey. Abdomen above fuscous brown. Body below whitish. Fore wings: lines fine, yellowish buff, edged on medial side with olive-brown ; the antemedial slightly out- curved ; the postmedial from costa at 2 mm. from apex to middle of inner margin; the inner margin straight ; a large black spot at end of cell, preceded by another spot below subcostal ; veins finely irrorated with greyish ; a faint darker subterminal shade inset at vein 4. Hind wings light silky brown; the opaque spot concolorous. Expanse 46 mm, The female has the discal spots faintly indicated. Hab. Juan Vinas, Alajuela. Named after Mr. J. B, Clark of Alajuela, at whose house I first discovered this species. Flemiceras corema, sp. 0. 6. Head, collar, and thorax lilacine brown; a white line across top of frons. Abdomen slightly darker above. Body below whitish. Fore wings lilacine brown; the costa finely whitish ; the lines light buff, shaded with darker brown on medial side; the antemedial straight; the postmedial oblique from costa at 3 mm, from apex to Inner margin just beyond middle ; a black spot on discocellular preceded by a black spot close to subcostal ; the veins partly irrorated with grey and fuscous ; faint traces of a pale subterminal shade; cilia dark brown, finely tipped with white ; inner margin sinuous. Hind wings whitish shaded with brown, darkest on outer margin ; an opaque brown spot at vein 2; cilia brown basally, — outer half white. Expanse 42 mm. flab. Sixola, Avangarez. Allied to H. pulverula, Gn., and H. indigna, Schs. flemiceras lepida, sp. n. 3d. Head, collar, and thorax lilacine brown; a white band across top of frons. Abdomen greyish brown above, whitish underneath. Fore wings light lilacine brown irrorated with pale reddish brown; antemedial line from subcostal, fine, wavy, indistinct, brown, followed by a darker brown shade outwardly curved to inner margin near tornus; a faint oblique fuscous streak at end of cell, from which a brown shade extends to outer margin, where it expands towards apex and Feterocera from Costa Rica. 285 tornus ; an outer row of black points on veins from costa at 3 mm. from apex to vein 2; an indistinct subterminal dentate brown shade ; cilia brown. Hind wings whitish ; the veins and margins tinged with brown; a large opaque brown spot at vein 2; cilia tipped with white. Inner margin of fore wings slightly lobed and excised. Expanse 45 mm. Lab. Juan Vinas, Tuis, Limon. Flemiceras rava, sp. n. 3S. Head, collar, and thorax lilacine brown. Abdomen above greyish brown. Body below pale buff. Fore wings brown ; the antemedial fine, black, nearly straight, with a black point on median and submedian; an oblique darker brown spot at end of cell; postmedial consisting of black points on veins partly irrorated with grey scales, inwardly oblique from costa at 2mm. from apex to middle of inner margin and followed by a dark shade below vein 2; a deeply dentate subterminal darker brown shade from costa to vein 2 : inner margin nearly straight. Hind wings light brown ; the veins and outer margin darker brown; a whitish shade at base due to thin scaling. ixpanse 37 mm. flab. Sixola, Guapiles, Tuis, Juan Vinas. Very closely allied to H. lotula, Gn., and /7, tulola, Schs. Hemiceras siderea, sp. n. @. Palpi and frons ochreous buff. Vertex fuscous brown and white. Collar dark reddish brown and white. Thorax fuscous brown irrorated with white ; patagia ochreous brown. Abdomen above fuscous grey. Body below and anal hairs yellowish. Fore wings reddish brown tinged with grey, except on costal and outer margins ; the extreme costa white ; , two oblique black points at end of cell; antemedial outlined by whitish irrorations on either side below cell to inner margin, and a white point on subcostal ; postmedial similarly formed, being preceded by white points on veins which are irrorated with black and white from cell, and followed by broad whitish streaks irrorated with reddish brown along veins to near termen, these streaks being also spotted with fuscous brown subterminally ; outer margin otherwise broadly deep yellow ; inner margin slightly lobed and excised. Hind wings fuscous brown ; cilia yellowish white, Expanse 45 mm. flab. Guapiles, El Sitio. 286 On Heterocera from Costa Rica. Hemiceras torva, sp. n. Palpi buff in front, brown behind. Head: frons lilacine brown; a white band behind; vertex white irrorated with brown. Collar buff shaded with brown and violaceous be- hind. Thorax violaceous ; patagia ochreous buff. Abdomen light brown above. Body yellowish white underneath. Fore wings ochreous buff; a fine wavy antemedial line, faintly punctiform on veins; a small brownish spot at end of cell, preceded by a point below subcostal ; a row of fuscous points on veins from costa at 2 mm. from apcx to a large spot on inner margin at excision, this spot somewhat reniform, brown broadly edged with dark violaceous; the lobe and excision on inner margin finely edged with dark violaceous ; a sub- terminal dentate pale brownish shade from vein 4 to apex. Hind wings brownish white ; the veins terminally, inner and outer margins more distinctly brown; the stigma still darker. Expanse 41 mm. Hab. Sixola, Guapiles. Close to H. valkeri, Schs. Hemiceras zula, sp. n. Head : frons reddish brown; vertex grey mottled with white. Collar and thorax greyish, irrorated with reddish brown. Abdomen above fuscous grey. Body below whitish. Fore wings silky grey, palest on costal margin; antemedial line fine, dark brown, outwardly oblique across cell, indentate below cell, then outwardly oblique but slightly indentate on submedian, with black points at subcostal and at angles ; postmedial very fine, brown, lunular, dentate with black points on veins; a faint silky brown shade from vein 2 to inner margin crossed by postmedial; some faint silky brown shades on outer margin ; inner margin lobed and excised. Hind wings greyish brown ; a whitish shade in and beyond cell ; cilia white, opaque spot concolorous. Expanse 42 mm. The female has pectinated antenna. Expanse 46 mm, Hab. 'Tuis. Distinguished from H, deornata, Wlk., by the pectinated antenne in the female and the more angular antemedial line. On new Sipecies of [Heteroecra. 287 XX XI.—Deseriptions of some new Species of Heteroeera from Tropical South America, and Two new Species of Geome- tridee from West Africa. By Herperr Deuce, F.L.S. &e. Fam. Syntomide. Homeocera sandion, sp. ne Male.—Head and antenne black, collar and tegule dark orange-yellow ; thorax and abdomen greenish black, banded with orange-yellow at the base and on the sides of the abdo- men ; legs orange-yellow, banded with black, Primaries hyaline, the veins and margins black: secondaries hyaline, the veins and inner margin black. Expanse 14 inch. Hab. Colombia, Pueblo Rico, San Juan ; Choco, 5200 feet (Mus. Druce). Homeocera duronta, sp. 1. Male.—Head, palpi, thorax, and abdomen black; an- tennz black, tipped with white, the base of the thorax and the last four segments of the abdomen banded with red; the underside of the abdomen metallic green; the legs pure white. Primaries hyaline, the base, costal margin, a spot at the end of the cell, and a mark below the apex on the outer margin all black ; the veins dark: secondaries hyaline, the inner margin broadly black. Expanse 1% inch. Hab. Colombia, 2700 m. (Mus. Druce}. Allied to Homeocera rodriguez’, Druce. Macrocneme semiviridis, sp. n. Male.— Head, palpi, antenne, collar, tegule, and thorax black, antenne tipped with white; abdomen and legs bluish black, the sides of the abdomen spotted with white at the base ; the underside of the abdomen with a central row of white spots extending from the base to the anus. Primaries black, the basal half metallic blue-green, the veins and fringe black : secondaries metallic blue-green, the apex and outer ‘margin black, the fringe black. Underside very similar to the upperside. Expanse 1? inch. Hab. Colombia, Siato, Rio Siato; slopes of Choco, 5200 feet (Mus. Druce). 288 Mr. H. Druce on Fam. Hypsida. Hucyane meres, sp. n. Male.—Head, antennee, collar, tegule, and thorax black ; abdomen and legs black, glossed with dark blue. Primaries black, crossed from the costal margin beyond the cell almost to the anal angle by a narrow crimson line, which is widest on the costal margin; the fringe black: secondaries glossy dark blue, almost black in some lights; the fringe black. The underside similar to the upperside, but the crimson band wider. Expanse 23 inches. Hab. Colombia, Siato, Rio Siato ; slopes of Choco, 5200 feet (Alus. Druce). Pericopis practides, sp. n. Male-——Head, antennze, palpi, collar, tegule, thorax, abdomen, and legs black, the tegule tipped with yellow, the sides of the abdomen spotted with white, the underside of the abdomen with a double row of yellow spots; the anal tuft red, Primaries blackish brown, shaded with semihyaline grey at the end of the cell and beyond the cell to the inner margin; the inner margin edged with chrome-yellow, ex- tending from the base to the anal angle; a marginal row of small white dots extends from the apex to the anal angle; a red spot at the base of the wing: secondaries semihyaline white, clouded with blackish brown, the veins black; the costal and outer margin broadly bordered with chrome-yellow, edged with black on both sides; a series of white points extends from the apex to the anal angle. Underside very similar to the upperside, except that the outer margin of the primaries is broadly bordered with chrome-yellow almost to the apex.—Female very similar to the male, but browner and the marking more indistinct ; the submarginal greyish- white line much more distinct; the abdomen banded with white. Expanse, ¢ 24, ¢ 3 inches. e Hab. Colombia, Paso del Quindin, 3600 m. (Mus. Druce), Allied to Pericopis arema, Boisd., and Pericopis palmer, Druce. Hyalurga grandis, sp. n. Male,—Head and collar black, spotted with white; an- tenne and legs black; tegule chrome-yellow, edged with black ; thorax black, with two large white spots at the base ; new Species of Lleterocera. 289 abdomen above chrome-yellow, with a wide central black line extending from the base to the anus; a greyish-black line on each side of the abdomen, the underside pure white. Pri- maries semihyaline white, the costal margin, apex, outer and inner margin broadly bordered with chrome-yellow, edged with black on both sides, the veins and a spot at the end of the cell all black: secondaries hyaline white, broadly bordered with chrome-yellow from the apex to the anal angle; the veins all black. he underside of both wings very similar to the upperside, but with the outer margins much blacker. Eixpanse 24 inches. Hab. Peru, Chanchamayo (Mus. Druce). This species is allied to Hyalurga noquet, Dogn.; it differs from all the other species of //yalurga known to me by having all the veins of both wings black. Ilyalurga whiteleyt, sp. n. Male.—Head, antenne, and collar black, the head spotted with white; tegule yellow ; thorax black, with two white spots at the base; abdomen fawn-colour above, the sides and underside white; a brownish-black line on each side ex- tending from the base to the anus; legs black and white. Primaries whitish hyaline, the costal margin from the base to about the middle dark yellow, then grey nearly to the apex ; the apex and outer margin to the anal angle edged with yellow, bordered with black on the inner side, the marginal line white ; the fringe black ; a narrow black line crosses the wing near the apex to the outer margin above the anal angle, the veins dusky : secondaries hyaline white, bordered with yellow from the apex to the anal angle, and edged with black on the inner side; the marginal line white ; the fringe black. The underside very similar to the upperside, but without any of the yellow borders. Expanse 2 inches. Hab. Peru, Rio Napo (Waiteley) ; Kcuador, Sarayacu (Buckley, Mus. Druce). Fam. Lithoside. Josiomorphia albolineata, sp. n. Male.—Head, palpi, antenna, collar, tegule, and thorax black ; abdomen glossy dark bluish black ; legs black. Pri- maries black, with a wide white central band extending from the base and crossing the lower half of the cell almost to the outer margin ; the fringe black: secondaries white, bordered Ann. & Mag. N. Hist, Ser. 8. Vol. vii. 19 290 Mr. H. Druce ox with black from the base to the apex and from the apex to the anal angle; the inner margin white; the fringe black. Underside as above. Eixpanse 1? inch. Hab. Colombia, Pueblo Rico, La Selva, San Juan; Choco, 2500 feet (Ilus. Druce). Josiomorphia andosa, sp. n. Male.—Head, palpi, antenne, collar, tegule, thorax, abdo- men, and legs black ; abdomen with a white line on each side extending from the base to the anus; the underside of the abdomen white. Primaries black; a pale yellow central band extends from the base to nearly the outer margin ; the band is wide to the end of the cell and then becomes narrow : secondaries pale yellow, bordered with black on the costal and outer margins; the fringe black. Underside as above. Eixpanse 2 inches. Hab. Colombia, Siato, Rio Siato; Chaco, 5000 feet (Aus. Druce). Allied to Josiomorphia patula, Walk., and Jostomorphia striata, Druce. Fam. Cosside. Brachylia inconspicua, sp. n. Male.—Head, antenne, collar, and thorax reddish brown ; tegulee reddish brown, with a white spot at the base; abdo- men pale brown, clothed with greyish hairs. Primaries pale brown, striated with dark reddish-brown lines ; three bands of reddish-brown spots edged with white cross the wing from the costal to the inner margin nearest the base; the fringe pale brown: secondaries blackish brown, mottled with grey spots. The underside of both wings very similar to the upperside, but paler in colour. Hixpanse 14 inch. Hab. W. Colombia, San Antonio, 5500 feet (Ilus. Druce). Brachylia dentilinea, sp. n. Male.—Head, collar, tegule, thorax, and abdomen above pinkish brown; the underside of the abdomen and legs greyish; antenne black. Primaries pale pinkish brown, darkest from the end of the cell to the apex and outer margin ; a series of fine dentated dark brown lines cross the wing from the costal to the inner margin; the fringe dark brown: secondaries pale brown, striated with fine dark brown lines. new Species of Heterocera. 291 Underside of both wings very similar to the upperside.— The female like the male, but slightly larger. Expanse, ¢ 14, 9 12 inch. Hab. Colombia, Tado, Rio San Juan; Choco, 250 feet (Jlus. Druce). Langsdorphia pallida, sp. n. Male.—Head, antenne, collar, tegula, thorax, abdomen, and legs pale greyish brown. Primaries pale brown, the costal margin spotted with dark brown ; arow of pear-shaped dark brown spots edged with white extends from the apex to the middle of the inner margin ; a square-shaped brown spot edged with white close to the base; several indistinct white lines extend from the base partly across the wing ; the fringe dark brown: secondaries greyish white, with a submarginal row of indistinct pale brown spots from the apex to the anal angle; the fringe dark brown. Expanse 14 inch. Hab. Chili (Mus. Druce). Zeucera itys, Sp. Ne Male.—Head, collar, tegule, thorax, and abdomen sordid white ; antenne yellowish brown; legs greyish brown. Primaries white, thickly striated with fine brown lines; a black band close to the base and a black spot on the costal margin beyond the cell: secondaries white, the veins pale yellowish brown. Underside of both wings very similar to the upperside. Expanse 12 inch. Hab. Colombia, Jimenez; Rio Dagua, 1600 feet (Jus. Druce). Zeuzera rowvana, sp. n. Male.—Head, collar, tegule, thorax, legs, and abdomen dark grey; antenne yellowish brown. Primaries grey, thickly irrorated with dark brown scales; a short black band on the inner margin near the base; the fringe dark grey: secondaries dark grey, irrorated with black scales. Exxpanse 14 inch. Hab. Colombia, Tado, Rio San Juan; Choco, 250 feet (ALus. Druce). Zeuzera undulosa, sp. n. Male.—Head, collar, tegule, thorax, abdomen, and legs greyish white; antenne pale brown. Primaries white, 292 Mr. H. Druce on thickly marked with indistinct brown spots and small lines : secondaries greyish white. Underside similar to the upper- side. Expanse 14 inch. Hab. Colombia, Tado; Rio San Juan, 250 feet (Aus. Druce). Fam. Notodontide. Rosema falcata, sp. n. Alale—Head, thorax, and tegule green; antenne and collar black ; base of thorax blackish brown ;. abdomen pinkish cream-colour; legs brown. Primaries green, the apex very slightly edged with brown: secondaries dark pinkish cream-colour. Underside of both wings pinkish brown, the primaries green on the inner margin. Expanse 1? inch, Hab. Colombia, Siato, Rio Siato; slopes of Chaco, 5200 feet (Aus. Druce). Fam. Egeride. Aigeria ventralis, sp. 0. Male.—Head, antenne, palpi, tegule, thorax, abdomen, and legs black; collar and anal tuft bright red, with some long black hairs beyond. Primaries and secondaries hyaline, the costal and outer margins of both wings black ; the veins black. Expanse 1 inch. Hab. Kast Peru, Chanchamayo, 2000 m. (J/us. Druce). Atgeria peruviana, sp. 0. Male.—Head, palpi, antenna, collar, tegule, and thorax black ; abdomen black, the two basal segments dark brown ; legs pale yellowish brown. Primaries and secondaries pale yellowish hyaline, the veins all dark brown; the fringe of both wings brown. Expanse 1 inch. Hab. Peru, Chanchamayo, La Mercede, 1000 m. (Jus. Druce). Fam. Geometrida. Agathia minuta, sp. n. Male.x—Head, collar, tegule, thorax, and abdomen pale green; antennze brown; palpi green above, white on the underside; Jegs and underside of the abdomen whitish new Species of [leterocera, 293 brown. Primaries pea-green, the costal margin, a waved line crossing the wing at the end of the cell, and a band crossing the wing beyond pale brown; the marginal line brown ; the fringe white: secondaries green, the anal angle and part of the outer margin pale greyish brown ; the brown lines similar to those on the primaries. Underside of both wings uniformly pale whitish green, both wings with a rather wide submarginal black band. Expanse 1 inch. Hab. West Africa, Bitje, Ja River, Cameroons, 2000 feet, dry season (Jfus. Druce). Agatha (?) semirufa, sp. n. Female.—Front of head and palpi black; head, collar, tegule, and thorax yellowish green; abdomen pale brown ; legs black. Primaries yellowish green, broadly bordered from the middle of the outer margin to the anal angle with dark blackish brown: secondaries orange-red, broadly bordered from the apex to the anal angle with blackish brown, irrorated with orange-red scales ; the fringes of both wings black. Underside of both wings red, with blackish- brown borders. Expanse 14 inch. Hab. West Africa, Bitje, Ja River, Cameroons, 2000 feet, dry season (Jus. Druce). Oospila dolens, sp. n. Male.—Head, collar, tegule, and thorax dull green; an- tenne black; abdomen black above, greenish on the under- side; legs brown. Primaries black, the base, a spot at the apex, and a small spot about the middle of the outer margin dull green ; the fringe black : secondaries dull green, broadly bordered from the apex to the anal angle with black; a black dot at the end of the cell; the fringe black and dull white. Underside very similar to the upperside. Expanse 1,}5 inch. Hab. West Colombia, La Maria, Dagua Valley, 4700 feet (Mus. Druce). Recheospila ockendent, sp. n. Male.—Head, palpi, antenna, collar, thorax, and abdomen reddish brown ; tegule white, edged with green on the upper side; legs greenish white, Primaries dull green, banded and irrorated with white; a wide submarginal brown band extends from near the apex to the anal angle, where it is 294 Mr. C. T. Regan on the Anatomy and irrorated with black and white scales: secondaries similar to the primaries, with a large brown spot at the anal angle; the marginal line black ; the fringe white. Underside greenish white : primaries with a wide submarginal black band ex- tending from near the apex to the anal angle: secondaries with a large black spot at the anal angle. Jixpanse 1? inch. Hab. Perv, La Union, Rio Huacamaya, Carabaya, 2000 feet (AZus. Druce). Allied to Racheospila calliope, Druce, from Mexico, but very distinct. XXXIT.—The Anatomy and Classification of the Teleostean Fishes of the Order Salmoperce. By C. Tate Reaan, M.A. (Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) THE order Salmopercee includes only three genera—Percopsis, Columbia, and Aphredoderus—each with a single species, little fishes of the fresh waters of North America. It is an isolated group, showing resemblances to the Iniomi, Micro- cyprini, and Berycomorphi, but quite distinct from them all. The following description is based on examples of all three species :-— External characters.—Body moderately elongate, com- pressed, covered with adherent ciliated scales; lateral line complete, running along middle of side. Mouth rather small, terminal or subterminal, not or scarcely protractile, bordered above mainly by the preemaxillaries ; maxillary concealed or slightly exposed distally, without supramaxillary ; small villiform teeth in the jaws. Head with large muciferous cavities ; interorbital region flattish ; eyes lateral; two nostrils on each side. Gill-membranes attached to isthmus; 6 branchiostegals; 4 gills; pseudobranchie. Dorsal fin median, of 2 to 4 spines and 9 to 11 soft rays; anal of 1 or 2 spines and 6 or 7 soft rays ; caudal with 18 or 19 principal rays, 16 or 17 branched; pectorals lateral ; pelvics sub- abdominal, each of 7 or 8 rays, the outermost simple and with a rudimentary spine adnate to its basal part. Air-bladder.—The Salmoperce are physoclistic ; I cannot find any trace of a pneumatic duct. In this I am confirmed by Dr. W. G. Ridewood, who kindly examined an example of Columbia transmontana. Head-skeleton.—There are no parietal crests and the occipital crest is developed only on the posterior face of the skull; the posterior temporal fossee are open above; the Classification of the Order Salmoperce. 295 muciferous channels on the upper surface of the head are separated in the interorbital region by a median ridge or pair of ridges formed by the frontals and continued forward on the mesethmoid ; on the snout the muciferous channels lie in the large thin nasal bones, which are concave, with both outer and inner edges raised, the latter nearly or quite meeting above the ethmoidal ridge. The parietals are separated by the supraoccipital ; the otic bones are all well developed ; the exoccipital condyles are contiguous ; there is a thin-walled auditory bulla formed mainly by the basioccipital, exoccipital, and pro-otic ; there is no basisphenoid, and the pro-oties do not form a roof for the myodome ; the alisphenoids do not meet in the middle line, and there is no orbitosphenoid. The pre- orbital and suborbitals are ossified, without subocular shelf; there is no supraorbital ; the opercular and hyopalatine bones are all present and normally developed; the palatine is attached to the head of the vomer and has a maxillary process; the premaxillaries have short pedicels which lie between the proximal ends of the maxillaries ; the latter are broadest distally and have no supramaxillaries ; the lower jaw is formed of dentary, articulare, and angulare. The lower pharyngeals are coalescent by their inner edges ; there are 3 separate dentigerous upper pharyngeals on each side. Vertebral column.—There are 30 to 36 vertebre (13-17 + 17-19) ; the centra and arches are co-ossified; most of the preecaudals have rather strong transverse parapophyses ; the ribs are strong, mostly inserted on the parapophyses ; the epipleurals are feeble. ING B. Columbia transmontana.—-A. Pelvic bones. B. Caudal fin skeleton. ep, epurals (epaxial basalia) ; Ay, hypurals; ¢, last centrum; w, urostyle, Skeleton of caudal fin.—The caudal fin skeleton (fig. B) shows one feature of generalization, in that the hypurals of the upper and lower lobes are attached to separate centra; in other characters it is highly specialized, for the hypurals are few and the uroneurals are reduced, ankylosed with each other and with the last centrum, forming a urostyle, 296 Miscellaneous. Skeleton of patred jfins.—The post-temporal is forked, attached to the epiotic above and the opisthotic below; the hypercoracoid is perforate and the hypocoracoid is narrowed forward below, meeting the cleithrum at or above the sym- physis ; there is no mesocoracoid; there are 4 hourglass- shaped radials, only the lowest on the hypocoracoid ; the post-cleithrum is single, laminar above, and slender and rod- like below ; the pelvic bones are connected with the post- cleithra; they are formed of transverse portions which broadly overlap and are united, and of rather slender pro- cesses which converge anteriorly (fig. A). ‘wo families may be recognized :— l. Percopsidz. An adipose fin. Caudal of 19 principal rays, 17 branched ; pelvics 8-rayed. Vent just in front of anal fin. Palate toothless. Vertebra 34 to 36 (16-17+17-19). Two genera: Percopsis and Columbia. 2. Aphredoderide. No adipose fin. Caudal of 18 principal rays, 16 branched ; pelvics 7-rayed. Vent at the throat (in the adult). Teeth on vomer and palatines. Vertebre 30 (13+17). A single genus: Aphredoderus. Jordan and Evermann (Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. xlvii. 1896, pp. 782-786) recognize to a certain extent the relationship between these two families, but make each the type of a separate order ; their idea that these fishes may be rather closely related to the Percoid families Percide: and Centrarch- ide is not confirmed by astudy of the anatomy. Boulenger, in the ‘Cambridge Natural History’ (1904), includes the Percopside in the heterogeneous group Haplomi, whilst Aphredoderus is placed in the Berycide. Starks (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxvii. 1904, p. 603) has noted some of the cha- racters which separate Aphredoderus from the Berycoids. MISCELLANEOUS. Royal Institution. Proressorn Kart Puarson being unable to lecture at the Royal Institution on March 3, the Friday Evening Discourse on that date will be delivered by Dr, I’. A. 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KIRBY'S SYNONYMIC CATALOGUES — _ QF INSECTS, © a SUPPLEMENT TO DIURNAL LEPIDOPTERA, 2187" 1877. 8s. 6d. net. a LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA. — SPHINGES AND BOM ; BYCES. 1892... £2 2s. net. one NEURGPTERA ODONATA. 1890. 16s. yer TAYLOR and FRANCIS, Red Lion Court, Fleet c Street, E on THE ANNALS MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY. [EIGHTH SERIES.] No. 40. APRIL 1911. XXXIII.—Notes on Fossorial Hymenoptera.—III. By Roxranp E. Turner, F.Z.S., F.E.S. On some Species of Thynnide, Scoliide, and Sapygide. Untess otherwise mentioned, the insects described in this paper are in the National Collection at South Kensington. Some are in the collection of the Berlin Museum. Family Thynnide. Spilothynnus tucumanensis, sp. n. 9. Nigra, abdominis segmento primo macula mediali, segmentis 2-5 maculis lateralibus flavis, segmento primo antice producto, tuberculato ; pedibus pallide testaceis. Long. 8 mm, Head nearly as long as the anterior breadth, strongly rounded posteriorly, closely and rather deeply punctured, slightly convex, depressed anteriorly, with a shining, slightly concave area between the eyes and the base of the antenne. Thorax very narrow ; the pronotum as long as the breadth on the anterior margin, slightly narrowed posteriorly, shining, with a few scattered punctures, the anterior angles prominent and subtuberculate, a short longitudinal groove from the anterior margin, the sides strongly depressed near the posterior margin; scutellum and median segment shining, very narrow; the median segment depressed and flattened, longer than broad. Abdomen narrowed at the extremities, Ann. & Mag. N. Mist. Ser. 8. Vol. vii. 20 298 Mr. R. E. Turner on Possorial Hymenoptera. the first segment shining and sparsely punctured, narrowed towards the base and produced into a bluntly rounded pro- minence which projects over the apex of the median segment ; second segment slightly broadened from the base, with three well-marked transverse carine, in addition to which the apical margin is slightly raised; the remaining segments shining and very sparsely punctured; pygidium almost vertically truncate, the surface of the truncation rugose, small and ovate, the ventral plate projecting beyond the dorsal and pointed at the apex. Ventral segments sparsely punctured, most deeply on the fifth. Black ; the first dorsal abdominal segment (except at the base and on the middle of the apical margin), a small spot on each side near the base of the second segment, a large spot on each side on the third and fourth segments, and a small spot on each side of the fifth segment vellow; legs testaceous brown ; mandibles and antennze fuscous. Length 8 mm. Hab. Tucuman, N. Argentina (S/einbach). ‘Type in Berlin Museum. The shape of the first abdominal segment somewhat recalls S. bituberculatus, Turn. Parelaphroptera rollei, Turn. Pseudelaphroptera rollei, Turn. Trans. Ent. Soc. London, p. 72 (1908). 3. Parelaphroptera rollet, Turn, Wytsman’s Genera. Insectorum, cv. Deals Mises ?. Mandibles simple, not bidentate ; clypeus without a carina, the anterior margin transverse. Head distinctly broader than long, slightly narrowed anteriorly, the posterior angles rounded, shining and almost smooth, with a very short frontal sulcus, the position of the ocelli indicated by shallow and rather indistinct punctures, the cheeks produced at the base of the mandibles into a blunt tubercle notched at the apex. Antenne short, the length of the flagellum not exceeding the length of the head. Pronotum nearly twice as broad as long, the sides parallel, almost as broad as the head, finely and closely punctured; scutellum much broader than long, narrowed towards the apex and sparsely punctured ; median segment as long as the pronotum, broadened from the base, very steeply sloped posteriorly, sparsely punctured. First abdominal segment vertically truncate at the base, much shorter than the second and not much narrowed anteriorly ; second segment with a low carina near the base, another, higher, near the apex separated by a deep groove from the Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. 299 raised apical margin, the space between the basaland pre-apical carinz indistinctly transversely rugulose ; the remaining seg- ments verysparsely punctured. Pygidium not compressed or narrowed, the greatest breadth nearly as great as the length, rather narrowly rounded at the apex. Intermediate tibiz broad, tarsal ungues toothed. Brownish black ; tibize and tarsi testaceous ; a line on the posterior margin of the pronotum, the posterior margin of the seutellum, and a transverse band on the dorsal abdominal segments ]-5, narrowly interrupted in the middle on seg- ments 8-5 and broadly interrupted on the second segment, pale yellow. Length 10 mm. Hab. La Paz, Mendoza (Jensen-Haarup). This species differs considerably in both sexes from P. flavomaculata, André, the type of the genus, especially in the absence of lateral spines on the hypopygium of the male and in the sculpture of the second abdominal segment in the female. Anodontyra haarupi, Turn. Pseudelaphroptera haarupi, Turn, Aun. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) iii. p- 183 (1909). 9. Parelaphroptera haarupi, Turn. Wytsman’s Genera Insectorum, ev. p. 21 (1910). @. I was wrong in placing this species in my genus Parela- phroptera, and also in my suggestion that it might prove to be the female of P. rollei, op urn. I have now received specimens of the male, and there can be no doubt that the insect should be placed in the nearly related genus Anodon- tyra, Westw. 3. Mandibles bidentate, the outer tooth much longer than the inner. Clypeus slightly produced and rather nar- rowly truncate at the apex, moderately convex, shining and almost smooth. Antenne about as long as the thorax and median segment combined, the apical joints slightly arcuate beneath, the third joint of the flagellum longer than the second. Head finely and very closely punctured, covered sparsely with short grey pubescence. Thorax and median segment finely and rather closely punctured, the scutellum and postscutellum almost smooth, shining; pronotum strongly rounded at the anterior angles; median segment steeply sloped posteriorly. Abdomen str ongly but not very closely punctured, not very slender, tapering slightly to the extremities ; a deep transverse groove close to the base of the second dorsal segment ; seventh dorsal segment narrowed 20* 300 My. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. to the apex; hypopygium short and not very narrow, pro- jecting very little beyond the dorsal segment and truncate at the apex. Third abscissa of the radius a litle longer than the second; first recurrent nervure received at two- thirds from the base of the second cubital cell, second at one-fifth from the base of the third cubital cell, the divisiou of the first cubital cell incomplete. Black; the mandibles at the base, the clypeus (except a narrow transverse line near the apex), pronotum (except a narrow transverse band on the sides, not nearly reaching the middle), a large spot on the mesonotum, tegule, scutellum (except the margins), postscutellum, a broad, undulating, transverse band on the median segment, mesopleurz, a band broadly interrupted in the middle on dorsal segments 2-6, a spot on each side on the first dorsal segment, a narrower band on ventral segments 2-4, the femora beneath and the tibize above bright yellow ; tibia beneath and tarsi testaceous brown. Wings hyaline; nervures testaceous at the base, black at the apex. Length 17 mm. Hab. Wa Paz, Mendoza (Jensen-Haarup). On a second specimen the yellow markings, especially on the median segment and abdomen, are more developed than in the specimen described. Genus Eucyrrotuynnvs, Turn. Eucyrtothynnus, Turn. Wytsman’s Genera Insectorum, ey. p. 24 (1910). In this genus should be included several species placed provisionally in Hlaphroptera in my paper, Zool. Jahrb. xxix. 2, 1910, viz. E. rosenbergi, E. anisitsi, E. acutidentata, FE. obfuscata, and, with much doubt, H. mapirensis and E. inferna. EE. steinbachii might be included in the genus Chrysothynnus provisionally, which might also include E. bogotana, E. mimula, and probably also E. deserta and E. desponsa, but none of them are very near the typical species C. inca, Turn., of which the female is still unknown. Eucyrtothynnus heymonsi, sp. n. 3. Niger, mandibulis, clypeo, marginibus oculorum, pronoto, macula magna scutelli, postscutello, segmenti mediani fasciis duabus longitudinalibus, maculisque lateralibus segmenti 1™, 2ndi, 3tii quartique flavis ; alis subhyalinis, nervulis fuscis ; clypeo emar- ginato. Clypeus slightly produced, shallowly emarginate at the apex, the emargination not very broad, but extending over Mr. R. KE. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. 301 the whole apical margin, the angles only slightly produced, a narrow transverse depression on the middle of the clypeus, the apical half slightly porrect. Mandibles bidentate, the outer tooth acute, the inner very broadly truncate. Antenne as long as the head, thorax, and median segment combined, the apical joints slightly arcuate. Head and thorax finely and closely punctured, abdomen more sparsely punctured and shining. Median segment as long as the breadth at the base. Abdomen rather slender; the first segment gradually broadened from the base ; seventh dorsal segment narrowly truncate at the apex, the lateral margins raised; hypo- pygium short and narrow, rounded at the apex. Third abscissa of the radius a little longer than the second, the second recurrent nervure received at one-third from the base of the third cubital cell. Black; the mandibles (except at the apex), clypeus (except the depressed line on the middle), the frontal pro- minences above the antennze, the margins of the eyes very narrowly (except at the summit), a line on each side on the posterior margin of the head, the margins of the pronotum, a small spot on the tegul, a small spot on the mesopleure, a large spot on the scutellum and a small one at each of the anterior angles, a line on the postscutellum, a broad longi- tudinal band on each side on the median segment, a large spot on each side on dorsal abdominal segments 1-4, and a line on the anterior tibiz beneath yellow; anterior tarsi luteous. Wings shaded with fuscous, a little more deeply in the radial cell than elsewhere; nervures fuscous, stigma testaceous. Length 13 mm. Hab. Tucuman, N. Argentina (Steinbach). ‘Type in Berlin Museum. Near the group of L. maculipennis, Guér., but is a less robust species, the clypeus is more produced and much narrower at the apex, and the difference in colouring is considerable. Genus THYNNUS. The species placed in this genus in my paper on the Thynnide of the Hungarian Museum (Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung. vill. 1910) were not published in time for inclusion in my revision ofthe family in Wytsmau’s ‘Genera In- sectorum.’ The following changes in the generic names are necessary :—Thynnus (Zeleboria) compar should be placed in Neozeleboria, Rohw. (Zeleboria, Turn.) ; T. (Aolothynnus) exiguus and T. (oluthynnus) lactarius should be included 302 Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorital Llymenoptera. in Asthenothynnus, and T. rufoluteus, T. conator,’ and 71. biroi in Zaspilothynnus. Family Scoliide. Subfamily Myzrviw2. Myzine (Pseudomeria) dakarensis, Buyss. Pseudomeria dakarensis, Buyss. Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, p. 340 (1910). 9. Specimens from Mogador differ in having the whole of the legs red, instead of only the tibiz and tarsi, and the absence of white hairs on the scape and posterior margin of the head. They may possibly represent a distinct species, but I have not seen specimens of dakarensis, and the differ- ences do not seem sufficient to be of specific importance. Hab, Mogador (Escalera). December and March. Myzine (Pseudomeria ?) mogadorensis, sp. n. 3. Niger, punctatus, clypei apice, marginibus prothoracis, mesonoti macula quadrata, scutelli maculis duabus, postscutelli macula, fasciisque latis apicalibus segmentorum abdominis flavis ; pedibus ferrugineis, flavo-variegatis ; segmenti septimi angulis apicalibus acutis. Antenne about half as long again as the head, thorax, and median segment combined. Clypeus widely and shallowly emarginate at the apex ; head, thorax, and median segment closely punctured and rather sparsely clothed with long greyish pubescence, a small space below the anterior ocellus smooth and shining ; the anterior margin of the pronotum transverse. Abdomen shining, finely and shallowly punc- tured, rather robust, the segments not constricted, the basal segment short and almost sessile; the emargination of the seventh dorsal segment broad, but not very deep, distinctly broader at the apex than deep, the angles at the apex pointed, the dorsal surface of the segmeut before the emargi- nation with a short median longitudinal groove. ‘Third abscissa of the radius no longer than the second, radial cell rounded at the apex. Black ; the clypeus at the apex (sometimes entirely), the margins of the pronotum, interrupted in the middle on the anterior margin, a quadrate spot on the mesonotum (some- times obsolete), a spot on each side on the scutellum (some- times obsolete), a transverse spot on the postscutellum, a spot on the mesopleure below the anterior wings, the tegule, and a transverse apical band, broadest on the sides, on all the Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. 303 dorsal abdominal segments and on ventral segments 2-7, often enclosing a brown spot on each side on the ventral segments, yellow; legs light ferruginous marked with yellow. Wings hyaline, nervures black, the stigma pale ferruginous. Length 11-16 mm. Hab. Mogador, 8.W. Morocco (Escalera). March. In the pointed angles of the seventh dorsal segment this species resembles Jacteipennis, KE. Saund., from Algeria. From the date of capture and the locality I consider that it is probably the male of Psewdomeria dakarensis, but it would be unjustifiable to place them together without more con- clusive evidence. In some specimens the third abscissa of the radius is much shorter than the second ; the details of neuration in Myzine cannot be relied upon for specific characters, slight differences often occurring on the different sides of the same specimen. I do not look on Pseudomeria as of more than subgeneric importance. Myzine oraniensis, Luc. Myzine oraniensis, Luc. Explor. se. Algérie, Zool. iii. p. 284 (1846). g. Hab. Morocco City (Escalera). April, 1 @. The specimen differs from an Algerian specimen in the British Museum in having a black spot at the apex of the clypeus, the punctures on the abdomen not quite as distinct, and the third abscissa of the radius more distinctly shorter than the second, especially on the left anterior wing. Myzine fasciculata, E. Saund. Myzine fasciculata, E. Saund. Trans. Ent. Soc. London, p. 533 (G01). a Two specimens from Morocco City differ from the type in having the antennz black, the base and sides of the clypeus only yellow, a yellow spot on each side above the antenne, the apex and sides of the seventh dorsal segment narrowly margined with yellow, the radial cell shorter and the stigma shorter and broader and of a darker colour, there is also a large yellow spot on the mesopleure. These probably represent a subspecies, but longer series of both forms are required as well as the opposite sex. Elis (Mesa) ruficeps, Sim. Myzine ruficeps, Sm. Cat. Hym. B, M. iii. p. 75 (1855). This species may be divided into several subspecies, Q 304 Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. differing slightly in colour, though not always very constant : (1) E. ruficeps, Sm., the typical form, is from Natal ; (2) E. ruficeps diapherogamia, Sauss., from the south of the Transvaal; (3) E. ruficeps atopogamia, Sauss., from Lake Nyasa. Other forms which are nearly related and will pro- bably prove to be subspecies are EL. adeloyamia, Turn., from Basutoland; EH. heterogamia, Sauss., which ranges from Delagoa Bay to Mlangi in South Nyasaland ; and FH. hova, Turn. (nodosa, Guér., 9 ?},from Madagascar. If the latter is included, nodosa will have to be used as the specific name. I am able to associate males with the three subspecies given, though only on circumstantial evidence. The following key will serve to distinguish the nearly allied forms in both sexes :— 2 2. A. Wings hyaline, slightly tinted with fuscous. Legs black ............ E. heterogamia, Sauss. 5. Wings fuscous, more or less glossed with blue or purple. a. Legs black. a°’, Front and scape black ...... E. adelogamia, Turn. b?. Front and scape red.......... E. hova, Turn. b. Legs red. a’, Pronotum black, except on the posterior margin; mesonotum and scutellum black ........ E, ruficeps ruficeps, Sm. 5°. Pronotum and scutellum red. a’, Mesonotum almost entirely [gamia, Sauss. ACO a iictah sah alonieut ee one E. ruficeps diaphero- b*,| Mesonotamyped yt chin tists. 2 E. ruficeps atopogamia, [Sauss. 3 od. A. Posterior tibize and tarsi testaceous. Wings clear hyaline, without blue POSS pacters tind wee te Sea een E. nodosa, Guér. B. Posterior tibie and tarsi black above, sometimes ferruginous beneath, a. Wings hyaline, slightly glossed with ablug a, Spe. chet eee ee E. ruficeps diaphero- 6, Wings strongly shaded with fus- gama, Sauss. cous. ( =disjuncta, Turn.). a’, Abdomen finely but distinetly punctured, with short pubes- GENCE eveteia la? | (mini eimai .... E. ruficeps ruficeps,Sm. 6°’, Abdomen obsoletely punctured at the base, shining and with [Sauss. less pubescence, \..s.accs eds E. ruficeps atopogamia, The comparative length of the second and third abscissz of the radius does not seem to be quite constant in either sex, but the second abscissa is shorter in hova and diaphero- gamia than in the other forms. Hova also differs in being more closely punctured. In nodosa, Guér., the basal abdo- minal segment is much more slender than in the other forms. Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. 305 In all the males the apical dorsal segment is shallowly in- cised at the apex. Elis (Mesa) ametalla, sp. n. 3. Front longitudinally rugose, vertex punctured ; cly- peus and front below the base of the antenne rather densely clothed with white pubescence; scape strongly punctured beneath, the third joint of the flayellum longer than the second; antenne as long as the head, thorax, and median segment combined. Thorax closely punctured, much nar- rower than the head; the anterior margin of the pronotum straight and slightly raised, with prominent angles; meso- notum longer than the pronotum. Median segment coarsely rugose. Abdomen very slender; the first segment half as long again as the posterior femur and trochanter combined, the basal half forming a narrow petiole flattened on the dorsal surface, the apical half swollen, contracted at the apex; second segment about half as long as the first, twice as wide at the apex as at the base; third segment a little longer than broad. Seventh dorsal segment almost pointed at the apex, not incised. The whole abdomen subopaque, minutely punctured and thinly covered with delicate whitish pubescence. Third abscissa of the radius more than half as long again as the second; first recurrent nervure received beyond the middle of the second cubital cell, second just beyond one quarter from the base of the third cubital cell. Black ; the apical half of the clypeus, an interrupted line on the posterior margin of the pronotum, a transverse line on the apical margin of the third, fourth, and fifth dorsal segments of the abdomen, a. transverse spot at the apical angles of the second and sixth segments, a line on the anterior femora and on the anterior and intermediate tibiz, the anterior tarsi and the basal joint of the intermediate and posterior tarsi pale yellow. Abdomen without blue re- flections. Wings clear hyaline, nervures black. Length 1]—14 mm. Hab. Mianji Boma, Nyasaland; 2400 ft. (S. da. Neave). 26 April-5 May, 1910. Three specimens. Almost certainly the male of H. innotuta, Turn., which was taken in considerable numbers at the same time. E. heterogamia, Sauss., a larger species, also occurs more sparingly in the same locality. Very near EL. asmarensis, 'Yurn., but the second and third dorsal segments are more elongate in the present species, the third abscissa of the radius is longer, and the seventh dorsal segment is without a carina. 306 Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. Ehs varicolor, sp. n. Q. Nigra, nitida, sparsissime punctata, capite pallide ferrugineo ; prothorace, macula magna mesonoti, tegulis, macula scutelli, linea postscutelli, macula magna mesopleurarum, tibiis tarsisque anticis aurantiacis; maculis lateralibus segmentorum abdominis (sexto excepto) flavis; alis subhyalinis, venis fuscis. Long. 16 mm. Clypeus shining, deeply punctured at the base. Head shining, the vertex and ocellar region smooth, front closely punctured, prominent above the base of the antenne and divided by a short, shallow, longitudinal sulcus. Scape shining, very sparsely punctured. Pronotum and meso- pleuree coarsely but not closely punctured, mesonctum and scutellum very sparsely punctured ; median segment almost smooth, with a coarsely punctured space near the middle of the apical margin, the sides of the segment indistinctly obliquely striated. Abdomen shining, with a few scattered punctures towards the apex, the apical segment finely longi- tudinally striated. Radial cell very narrowly rounded at the apex, the second abscissa of the radius nearly half as long again as the third, cubitus of the hind wing interstitial with the transverse median nervure. Black; the head pale ferruginous red ; pronotum, a large spot on the mesonotum, another on the scutellum, a trans- verse line on the postscutellum, the tegule, a large spot on the mesopleuree, and the anterior tibiz and femora orange; a large spot on each side of abdominal segments 1-5 yellow ; calcaria whitish. Wings hyaline, tinged with yellow, nervures fuscous. Hab. Brazil (Sello). Type in the Berlin Museum. Elis frontalis, Burm. Plesia frontalis, Burm, Stett. ent. Zeit. xxvii. p. 177 (1876). Hab. Cordova (Burmeister) ; Salta (Steinbach). Elis ephippium, Fabr. Tiphia ephippium, Fabry. Ent. Syst. ii. p. 228 (1793). Hab. Porto Rico; St. Thomas ; St. John (Berlin Museum). Subfamily Ureurr. Epomidiopteron elegantulum, Sm. Epomidiopleron elegantulum, Sm. Journal of Entomology, i. p. 79 (1860). There is some confusion about this name, the specimen Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. 307 marked as the type in the British Museum collection being i. julit, Rom., which does not at all agree with the de- scription. In Smith’s collection I found under the name LE. elegantulum two specimens of Elis obscura, Fabr., which answer well to the description. 1 am inclined to think that Smith’s label must have been shifted accidentally inthe Museum collection, and that elegantulum should be treated as a synonym of Elis obscura, Fabr. Tiphia gigantea, sp. n. ®. Nigra, nitidissima, sparse punctata, segmento dorsali sexto longitudinaliter rugoso ; alis fuscis. Long. 16-19 mm. Clypeus depressed, transverse at the apex, shining, finely punctured at the base. Head shining, very sparsely punc- tured on the vertex and round the ocelli, more closely on the front ; posterior ocelli nearly twice as far from the eyes as from each other ; scape shining, with long pale fulvous hairs beneath; the apical joint of the flagellum rather slender, narrowed to the apex and longer than the penultimate joint. Pronotum sparsely punctured anteriorly, with a_ broad smooth area posteriorly separated from the anterior portion by a slightly depressed, arched row of deep punctures. Mesonotum and scutellum shining, with a few scattered punctures; tegule large and smooth; pleure sparsely punctured. Median segment smooth, subopaque, the margins sharply defined, nearly half as broad again as long, with three longitudinal carine, the outer ones almost parallel and separated from each other by a distance equal to about one- third of their length, the sides of the segment obliquely striated, the face of the posterior truncation opaque, shallowly punctured at the base. Abdomen shining, the segments sparsely punctured at the base and the apex, more strongly on the fourth and fifth segments ; the basal segment short, almost smooth, without a carina at the base, the second segment slightly constricted at the base; the sixth dorsal segment longitudinally punctured-rugose, the sides of the apical segments with rather sparse whitish pubescence. First transverse cubital nervure short, the second three times as long and slightly curved inwards in the middle. First re- current nervure received at the middle of the first cubital cell, second just before three-quarters from the base of the second cubital cell; stigma very small. Black ; the apex of the sixth dorsal segment dark reddish brown. Wings rather pale fuscous, nervures black. Hab. Petropolis, Brazil. August and October. 308 Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. Type in the Berlin Museum. Much larger than any other known 8.-American species of the genus. It closely resembles large specimens of 7. in- ornata, Say, but is much more sparsely punctured, the median segment is longer, the base of the second dorsal segment is without longitudinal striz, and the wings are somewhat longer and darker. It is more sparsely punctured than either 7’. montezuma, Cam., or 7. parallela, Sm., and the apical joint of the flagellum in the latter species is much stouter. Subfamily Coszzrvz. Anthobosca carbonaria, Burm. Myzine carbonaria, Burm. Stett. ent. Zeit. xxxvil. p. 168 (1876). 2. In a Brazilian specimen in the Berlin Museum the colour of the hairs near the apex of the sixth dorsal segment is bright fulvous. In another specimen from Nova Freiburg the colour is much more obscure. Subfamily Scozrys. Scolia (Dielis) palauensis, sp. n. 2. Nigra, nitida, sparse punctata, abdominis segmento dorsali primo fascia apicali lata, secundo fascia longitudinali laterali, tertio maculis lateralibus flavis, segmentis 2-4 apice flavo- fasciatis ; alis subhyalinis. Long. 19 mm. 3. Niger, clypeo, pronoto, maculis duabus scutelli, fascia post- scutelli, pleuris, pedibus, fasciis apicalibus segmentorum 1-4 flavis, abdomine ceruleo micante ; alis subhyalinis. Long. 16 mm. 9. Clypeus rounded at the apex, smooth and shining, punctured on the sides, with sparse cinereous pubescence. Head shining, very sparsely punctured, smooth round tl ocelli, closely punctured above the base of the antenna. Thorax shining, sparsely punctured; the posterior slope of the median segment smooth and subopaque ; pleurz almost smooth, covered with very short and delicate pubescence. Abdomen shining, with a few scattered punctures ; segments 3-5 with a short fringe of fulvous pubescence at the apex ; the sixth dorsal segment coarsely rugose, covered with stiff fulvous hairs. Black ; the abdomen with faint blue reflections ; a broad transverse band at the apex of the first dorsal segment, a narrow band at the apex of segments 2-4, the sides of the Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial EHymenoptera. 309 second segment, and a spot on each side of the third segment yellow. Wings subhyaline ; nervures fuscous. 3. Head and thorax subopaque, more closely and finely punctured than in the female, and thinly covered with short greyish pubescence ; abdomen strongly but rather sparsely punctured, the first segment longer than the greatest breadth. Black ; the abdomen with strong blue reflections ; clypeus, the scape beneath, a transverse band interrupted in the middle on the scutellum,a band on the postscutellum, the pronotum, the greater part of the pleure and the legs yellow, an apical band on segments 1-4, very broad on the first segment and continued on the ventral surface, brownish orange, ventral surface of abdomen and three apical dorsal segments dull testaceous brown. Wings subhyaline, nervures fuscous ; the radial cell very broadly rounded at the apex. Hab. Palau Islands (Semper). Types in Berlin Museum, Family Sapygide. Sapyga morawitzi, sp. n. 9. Flava, vertice, mesonoto, macula meliali flava, scutelli post- scutellique marginibus, segmenti medialis apice, mesosterno, abdominisque segmentis basi et apice ferrugineis; antennis pallide ferrugineis, scapo flavo; alis hyalinis, venis fuscis ; clypeo margine apicali dentibus binis armato. Long. 12 mm. ? . Clypeus coarsely and closely punctured, with two teeth near the middle of the apical margin. Antenne a little longer than the head and thorax without the median seg- ment, the second joint of the flagellum as long as the scape and slightly longer than the third joint ; the apical joints distinctly longer than broad. Head, thorax, and median segment closely and coarsely punctured ; the metapleure shining and much more shallowly punctured, not striated. Dorsal segments of the abdomen finely and closely punctured- rugulose, much more finely so on the ventral segments. Tegule shining, with a few punctures. Submedian cell a little longer than the median, third abscissa of the radius more than twice as long as the second, first recurrent nervure received just before the middle of the second cubital cell, second at about one-eighth from the base of the second cubital cell. Pale yellow; the flagellum and the femora above pale ferrugimous ; vertex, the area round the ocelli, mesonotum 310 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and except a yellow median spot, spots on the pleurz above the coxze, the margins of the scutellum and postscutelium, the mesosternum, a triangular spot at the apex of the median segment, and the base and apex of each of the abdominal segments rather broadly above, more narrowly beneath, dull ferruginous. Wings hyaline; nervures fuscous, testaceous at the extreme base. ¢. As in the female ; but the margins of segments 4-7 are black instead of ferruginous. ‘The first recurrent nervure is received at the middle of the second cubital cell, the second at one-quarter from the base of the third cubital cell. The submedian cell is no longer than the median. In both sexes the mandibles are black at the apex. Length, 2 12 mm., ¢ 16 mm. Hab. S.W. Persia (Hscalera). Very near S. glasunovii, Mor., but in the present species the second joint of the flagellum is distinctly longer than the third, the tegule are less strongly punctured, the metapleure are not striated, the colour also differs considerably. I have not seen specimens of glasunovii, and it is possible that the differences may prove to be of subspecific rather than of full specifie importance. The slight differences in neuration between the sexes are remarkable. The 9? is the type. XXXIV.—Descriptions and Records of Bees—XXXV. By T. D. A. Cocxerntt, University of Colorado. Xylocopa amethystina sigiriana, subsp. n. & .—Face very narrow, facial quadrangle at least twice as long as broad; all of face below antenne, and a small bi- lobed spot on labrum, ivory-colour ; flagellum, except first joint, dark red beneath ; vertex with a tuft of white hair; hair of cheeks white; hair of thorax in front broadly, and of pleura except the uppermost part, white, that of thorax dullish and rather yellowish ; hair of metathorax all black ; light hair of anterior legs white, and a little white hair on outer side of middle tarsi. Abdomen with shining white hair beneath. Wings translucent, strongly stained with brown, especially in the region of the marginal and sub- marginal cells, and the apex, the vems and parts immediately adjacent shining brilliant purple. Hind legs quite ordinary ; Records of Bees, O11 hind femora not incrassate and without any lobe or tooth, hind tibiz not arched, ? .—Black, with the wings very dark fuliginous, very brilliantly purple throughout ; face black, clypeus strongly punctured, with a median carina; a strong keel extending from middle ocellus to level of antennz ; hind tibis very short and thick ; second s.m. in both sexes short. Hab, Sigiri, N.W. India, March 1910 (2. Comber). One male (type) and two females in British Museum. This agrees with X, amethystina as defined by Bingham, except in the colour of the hair of the male, the paler wings of that sex; and in the female the more carinate clypeus and front. Bingham’s amethystina is presumably the species of Fabricius, but it is not the amethystina of Lepeletier, which has quite different hind legs in the male. Bingham wrongly places minuta, Lepeletier, asa synonym of amethys- tina, it really belongs to X. cyanescens, X. ignita, Smith, based on a female, is doubtless amcthystina. In the female this species exactly imitates Anthophura violacea, Lepeletier, which was taken by Mr. Comber at Karachi, N.W. India. Crocisa takaonis, sp. 0. Black, with white markings; in size and appearance exactly like C. ramosa, Lep., but differing as follows : scutellum with a white apical hair-patch, as well as white hair projecting from beneath; apical plate of abdomen strongly keeled; mesothorax and scutellum more finely punctured ; white L on each side of first abdominal segment thicker, its inner angle rounded. By having the third autcunal joint in the female equal to the fourth, and a patch of hair at apex of scutellum, C. tukaonis resembles C. affinis, Mor., but the male antenne are not unusually short or thick, the flagellar joints being, as usual, longer than broad. The hind femora of the male have rounded compressed lobes beneath, but are not dentate. The wings are very dark; the lower part of the pleura is black, with a white spot. Hab. Takao, Formosa, two of each sex (Sauter). Berlin Museum. ‘The dates of capture are Oct. 11 and 80, Noy. 2 and Dec, 1, 1907. A Crocisa from Foochow, China (H. 2. Caldwell), is be- tween this species and U. ramosa, Like ramosa, it lacks the white hair-patch on the scutellum ; tie apical plate of the abdomen has a weak keel; the mesothorax and scutellum are punctured as in takaonis, but the second abdominal segment is less closely punctured ; white markings on first 312 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Deser/ptions and abdominal segment practically as in takaonis; the margins of the scutellar incision are curved, producing a ——, not practically straight as in takaonis. Crocisa amata, sp. 0. Length 9 to 13 mm. Black with very brilliant but not shining turquoise-blue markings: runs in my table in ‘Entomologist,’ Aug. 1910, to CU. decora, Smith, to which it is very closely allied. Com- pared with a Singapore example of decora, it differs as follows: markings a little lighter, with a faint greenish shade, occasionally almost white; basal band of first abdo- minal segment very thick in middle, projecting from beneath scutellum, but sublaterally interrupted or much narrowed (in decora thick and even, with a linear median interruption) ; sublateral discal spots of thorax smaller. Hab. Formosa (Sauter). Berlin Museum. I have before me 37 males and 27 females ; the type is a male from Takao. The localities and dates are Takao, Oct. 11, 19, 80, Nov. 2, Dec. 5, 15, 1907 ; Kanshi, June 8, 1908; Fuhosho, July 1909 ; Kanshirei, June 8, 1908. This is a blue-marked species, with the hind femora of the male bearing a large, sharp, thorn-like tooth, in all respects very close to the mainland C. decora. Ishould have thought it a variety of decora, had I received only a single specimen, but the very long series holds its characters well, slight as they are. In the ‘Entomologist,’ 1910, p. 219, I expressed some fear that | might not have correctly identified decora ; but since then Mr. Meade-Waldo has examined Smith’s type (a female from N. China) for me, and returns to me one of the specimens from Singapore I had considered decora, assuring me that it is a true exponent of the species. Mr. Meade-Waldo adds: ‘‘ decora is certainly marked with strong, dark blue (not the pallid wash of Transcaspian specimens of the genus Crocisa) ; the bands on the abdomen, viewed from above, almost meet (rather more so than in Singapore specimen) ; the mesothoracic spots are far from the prothoracic band, a line drawn through the extreme anterior edge of the tegule would just pass through the hinder edge of the mesothoracic spots.” Crocisa kanshireana, sp. 0. Length about 12 to 14 mm. Black with cobalt-blue markings, which are not at all shining; scutellum —-—-like, with a blue apical patch. Records of Bees. 313 Abdomen in male with purple and green tints ; bisal band of first abdominal segment narrow, slender, often interrupted in middle; apical band of first segment also rather slender, interrupted in middle line by a space about equal to distance from notch in scutellum to one of its lateral points ; bands of first segment not united at sides; the other bands, four in number, are transverse, interrupted about as widely as that on apex of first segment ; median stripe of mesothorax going back about to middle; discal spots small, isolated ; mesothorax with much black hair; pleura crossed by a blue band, narrowed in middle. Wings very dark ; apex of male abdomen with three low lobes (in C. amata truncate, with a tooth-like pencil of hair on each side) ; hind femora of male unarmed ; hind tibiz with a patch of blue hair at base; hair of basitarsi black, in female with a fair amount of blue, in male with the blue reduced to a few hairs, often only on anterior tarsi. Hab. Kanshirei, Formosa, June 8, 1908 (Sauter). 6 g, 2 2,1n Berlin Museum. A very closely related Crocisa from Foochow, China (Caldwell), differs by the much duller, greyish-blue of the abdominal markings; the W-like scutellum, without an apical blue patch ; the broader median mesothoracic band ; the apical band of first abdominal segment very narrowly or not interrupted, and joined at sides by a longitudinal band to the basal ; and the abundant light hair on the tarsi. In Friese’s table of Oriental and Australian Crocisa (Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung. 1909) this runs in both sexes straight to C. emarginata, but it is certainly not the emaryginata of Lepeletier, which has shining blue markings. In my tab'e in ‘ Entomologist,’ Aug. 1910, it runs nearest to C. decora, to which it is not closely allied. It is seen from the above that Formosa contains three species of Crocisa, all of different groups. All are close to Chinese species, but nevertheless distinct. ANDROGYN ELLA, gen. Nov. like Megachile, but female with 13-jointed antenne, and ventral surface of abdomen smooth and bare, without any trace of ascopa. Junction of third and fourth antennal joints in female very oblique. Male with short flattened anterior coxal spines or lamelle ; anterior tarsi somewhat modified. Type r of families of soft- rayed fishes with abdominal pelvic fins, which are thrown together because they lack the mesocoracoid bone, the presence of which characterizes the order Isospondyli or Malaco- pterygii. It was only to be expected that further study of such a large and heterogeneous group,’ detined by a single negative character, would prove it to be unnatural. IT have already called attention to the fact that Retropinna, Microstoma, and Salanx have no mesocoracoid*, although they are closely related to the Argentinidee, in which that bone is well developed. Moreover, Retropinna, which repre- sents Osmerus in Australiaand New Zealand, is a connecting- link between the northern family Argentinide and the southern Haplochitonidw and Galaxiide. All these fishes are extremely similar in osteology, dentition, and other characters, and are very closely related. The Haplochitonidee and Galaxiide, then, are not Haplomi, although they have lost the mesocoracoid ; they are Salmonoids. The third family of the Haplomi in the ‘ Cambridge Natural History’ is the Enchodontide, Cretaceous fishes which seem to me to be related to the Stomiatide, which they resemble in mouth-structure and in cranial osteology. I have already dealt with the osteology and classification of many of the other groups included in the Haplomi by Boulenger, viz. the Percopsidee (which I have united with the Aphredoderidee to form the isolated order Salmoperce), the Stephanoberycide (provisionally placed with the Melam- phaidw in an order Xenoberyces, apparently related to the Berycomorphi), the Scopelide, Alepidosauride, Cetomimide, and Chirothricidee, which with the Ateleopide form the order Iniomi, an offshoot from very primitive isospondylous fishes. The Kneriide have already been removed to the [sospondyli by Boulenger (Cat. African Freshwater Fish.) ; this family ig not very remote from the Chanide. * Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) iii. 1909, p. 82. Classification of the Order Microcyprint. 321 There remain, then, for consideration only the Esocide, Umbride, and Dalliide, the Haplomi sensu strictu, and the Cyprinodontidee and Amblyopsidz, for which I have proposed the ordinal name Microcyprini. These two groups resemble each other in the absence of a mesocoracoid and an orbitosphenoid, the separation of the parietals by the supraoccipital, &c., but they differ widely in other respects, and do not seem to be closely related. The Haplomi are physostomous, the maxillary enters the gape, the mesethmoid is represented by a pair of dermal bones, and the ribs are borne on autogenous parapophyses *. The Microcyprini appear to be physoclistic, the mouth is bordered above by the pramaxillaries only, the mesethmoid is unpaired, and all or most of the ribs are inserted on strong transverse processes. Whereas the Haplomi show relation- ship to the most generalized isospondylous fishes, the Micro- cyprini bear more resemblance to the Salmopercee and Synentognathi, especially the latter. Order MICROCYPRINI. Malacopterous physoclists with abdominal pelvic fins, each of 6 or fewer rays. No lateral line. Mouth terminal, bordered above by the premaxillaries; second, third, and fourth upper pharyngeals dentigerous; lower pharyngeals either separate, or if united with the median suture persistent ; branchiostegals 6 or less. Parietals separated by supra- occipital ; mesethmoid unpaired; no orbitosphenoid ; ali- sphenoids well separated ; basisphenoid, when present, small, free superiorly ; roof of myodome membranous or tbinly ossified ; a short occipital, but no parietal crests. Pectoral arch attached to skull; post-temporal foiked, or the lower limb sometimes ligamentous ; supra-cleithrum small; no mesocoracoid ; radials 4, short and broad, 2 or 3 on hyper- coracoid. Vertebral column of solid centra which are co-ossified with the arches; all or most of the preecaudals with strong parapophyses bearing the ribs ; epipleurals, but no epineurals ; ribs commencing on second vertebra; no up‘urned centra at base of caudal fin; hypurals ankylosed with the last centrum. I have examined a number of genera, and I believe that all are physoclistic, but I have not undertaken the detailed research necessary to establish this. Valenciennes came to * Cf. Starks, Biol. Bull. vii. 1904, p. 254, and Zool, Jahrb. 1904, p. 249. 322 Mr. C. T. Regan on the Osteology and the same conclusion in the case of Pwcilia and Anableps (Hist. Nat. Poiss. xvii, 1846, pp. 126, 258), and Philippi has recently shown that Glaridichthys and Cnesterodon are physoclists (Sitzungsb. Gesellsch. naturf. Freund. 1906, . Bae) ‘ Starks has published some notes on the osteology of Amblyopsis, Cyprinodon, Fundulus, and Pecilia (Biol. Bull. vil, 1904). Suborder 1. AMBLYOPSOIDEA. Mouth rather wide, not protractile ; teeth in jaws and on palatines ; gill-membranes attached to istlmus ; pelvic fins small or absent; vent jugular. Parietals large ; opisthotic normal. Palatine distinct from pterygoid ; metapterygoid present. No post-cleithrum. Pracaudal vertebre with parapophyses from the fourth ; first two ribs sessile. Family Amblyopside. This family includes Chologaster and the blind cave-fishes Amblyopsis and Typhlichthys (cf. Jord. & Everm. Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. xlvii. 1896, p. 702). I am able to confirm Stark’s account of the skeleton of Amblyopsis (Biol. Bull. vii. 1904, p- 261), except for the statement that all the praecaudal vertebree have parapophyses. Higenmann has studied the degeneration of the eyes in the blind cave-fishes (‘ Cave Vertebrates of America’: Washington, 1909). Suborder 2. P@CILIOIDEA. Mouth small, unless the jaws are produced ; preemaxillaries usually protractile ; maxillary little movable, adnate to pre- orbital ; teeth in jaws and sometimes on vomer, never on palatines ; gill-membranes free from isthmus; pelvic fins usually weil-developed, 6-rayed, sometimes absent. Parietals, when present, small or moderate; opisthotic, if present, adherent to outer surface of exoccipital. Palatine and ptery- goid ankylosed; no metapterygoid. A single laminar post- cleithrum on each side (except in Anableps). Precaudal vertebrae with parapophyses from the first or second; all the ribs on parapophyses. The fishes of this suborder have usually been regarded as a single family, Cyprinodontidze or Peeciliide ; in that case several subfamilies should be recognized. Classification of the Order Microcyprini. 323 Family Peciliide. Synopsis of the Subfamilies. I. Exoccipital condyles present; anal fin of both sexes similar in position. A. Oviparous ; anal fin of both sexes similar in structure *, 1. Teeth tricuspid; parietals absent ....,, 1, Cyprinodontine. 2. Teeth conical or villiform. Parietals present; pelvic fins present ; epipleurals RETRO ah Jet ast Rl hake digit to echedl ce aoe 2. Funduline. Parietals absent; pelvic fins absent ; epipleurals bi- Greate OF EMUPCALO. ho. jac. aed ae 3. Orestiine. B, Viviparous; anal fin of male with the first 5 or 6 rays short, stiff and subequal, separated by a shallow notch from the rest pichesiay rn segs pee cata reer eee 4, Characodontine, C. Viviparous; anal fin of male modified into an intromittent organ, the rays of the fin supporting the tubular prolongation of the urogenital duct. Eyes normal; intromittent organ naked; skull nor- mMele ye vertebrie oll... % ce Yee ose eee sed 5. Jenynstine. Kyes divided transversely ; intromittent organ scaly ; skull very depressed; vertebrae 46 to 53....., 6. Anablepine. II. Exoccipital condyles absent ; viviparous; anal fin of male advanced and some of its anterior rays enlarged and produced. 7. Peciliine, 1. Cyprivoponrin 2. Differ from the Funduline only in the tricuspid teeth and the absence of parietals. Vertebra 26 (in Ledias dispar). Cyprinodon and Jordanella from North America; Lebias and Yella from Africa and Svuthern Europe. Some of the species are marine. The Miocene Pachylelias, A. S. Wood- ward, may be placed here. 2. Founpvriw2z. Oviparous. Teeth conical or villiform. Parietals present. Exoccipital condyles well developed. Epipleurals simple, The most generalized and the most widely distributed group of the Peecilioids. None differs much from Goodea in osteology, but Lamprichthys retains the basisplenoid, as in the Cyprinodontine. The vertebra number 28 to 41 (28 in Hlaplochilichthys, * Except in some species of Fundudus in which the oviduct is produced on the al fin, 324 Mr. C. T. Regan on the Osteology and 29 in Panchaw, 32 or 33 in Fundulus, 84 in Révulus, 41 in Lamprichthys) . The South-American genera of this subfamily are Rivulus and Cynolebias. The North-American species are numerous ; many are marine, and most of them appear to be congeneric with Fundulus heteroclitus; Lucania and probably Empe- trichthys are related genera. With the exception of the problematical Pundulichthys virescens, the Asiatic species fall into two groups ; in both the short dorsal fin is placed above the posterior end of the rather long anal, but they differ widely in other respects. In the one the praemaxillaries are flattish and somewhat produced, protractile, the cleft of the mouth is rather wide, horizontal, almost semicircular, the teeth are in bands, with an outer and a more or less distinct inner series of enlarged teeth, vomerine teeth and pseudo- branchiz are present, the gill-membranes are not united, and the pectoral fins are placed low. In the other the mouth is small, transverse, not protractile, with the teeth in a single series, sometimes followed by a second series of minute teeth; there are no vomerine teeth or pseudobranchie, the gill-membranes are broadly united, and the pectoral fins are placed high. McClelland, in 1839, included one species of each group in his genus Aplochetlus (Haplochilus). Valen- ciennes, in 1846, gave the name Panchaz to the tirst of these groups, and Bleeker afterwards definitely restricted Haplo- chilus to the second. Oryzias, Jord. & Snyder, is a synonym of Haplochilus. Most of the African fishes which have been referred to Hap- lochilus belong to one or the other of two rather distinct types ; a number of species may be placed in Panchaz, since the differ from the Asiatic species of that genus only in the less produced premaxillaries ; 27. playfairti, sex/asciatus, fasciatus, senegalensis, chaperi, Ke. are species of Panchax. Several species which have been placed in Haplochilus appear to be congeneric with Hap/ochilechthys spilauchen ; in these pseudo- branchiz and vomerine teeth are always absent, but they are not invariably present in Panchaw. Haplochilichthys resembles Haplochilus and differs from Panchaz in the high position of the pectoral fins and the united gill-membranes, but has the mouth protractile and the teeth in bands, the outer series enlarged; H. macrurus, johnstonii, antinorii, myopose, &e. are species of this genus. Procatopus is closely related to Haplochilichthys. Most of the Atrican species which have been placed in /undulus appear to belong to the genns Wotho- branchius, which differs from Panchax in having the dorsal fin as long as the anal. Classification of the Order Microcyprint. 325 I here propose the new generic name Lamprichthys for Haplochilus tanganicanus, Bouleng., a silvery fish which differs from Haplochilichthys in the strongly compressed body, the very long anal fin, and the more numerous vertebra (41 instead of 28). The Oligocene and Miocene Prolebias, Sauv., seems to be related to Fundulus ; it has 32 to 34 vertebree (A. 8. Wood- ward, Cat. Foss. Fish. iv. p. 290, 1901). 3. Orgsrirmv a. The remarkable genus Orestias includes about twelve species from elevated lakes in the Andes of Peru, Bolivia, and Chile. Externally it differs from Fundulus chiefly in the absence of pelvic fins, but the absence of parietals and the forked epipleurals are differences of considerable importance. Vertebree (in O. pentlandi’) 36. Pellegrin has given an interesting account of these fishes (‘ Lacs ‘des Haut Plateaux de l’Amérique du Sud,’ 1907; also in C. R, Acad. des Sciences, 1904, and Bull. Soc. Zool. xxix. 1904, p. 90). 4, OnARACODONTINE. Differ from the Funduline especially in that they are viviparous; the anal fin of the male has the first 5 or 6 rays short, stiff and subequal, separated by a more or less distinct notch from the rest of the fin. Vertebra rather numerous (38 in Zoogoneticus robustus, 44 in Goodca atripinnis). Four genera, Zoogoneticus, Guodea, Girardinichthys, Chara- codon, with seventeen species, almost peculiar to the system of the Rio Lerma in Mexico. Zoogoneticus has the jaws and teeth of a Mundulus, but Characodon aud Girardinichthys connect it with Goodea, in which the mouth is small, the teeth are movable, compressed, and bicuspid, and the rami of the lower jaw are loosely connected (cf. Regan, Biologia Centr.-Am., Pisces, pp. xviii and 8d). 5. JenynsrinZ. Jenynsia, with three or four species from the La Plata and Argentina, has the osteological characters of the Fundu- line, but it has tricuspid teeth and is viviparous; the male intromittent organ is so similar to that of Anableps that it can hardly have been independently evolved in the two genera. As noted by Garman, the males of Jenynsia are “rights and lefts,” @. e. the intromittent organ is more easily 326 On the Osteology kc. of the Order Microcyprini. moved to one side than the other, is usually somewhat curved towards that side, and is otherwise not quite symmetrical ; the urogenital orifice of the female appears to be median and symmetrical. 6. ANABLEPINZ. The remarkable genus Anableps, with three species from — Central and South America, shows relationship to Jenynsia in the structure of the intromittent organ, but has a number of other characters which are unique in the suborder. The eyes are divided transversely into an upper and a lower portion, the former raised above the surface of the head and adapted for vision in the air. The skull is flat, so depressed that in the orbital region the broad parasphenoid and the frontals are separated by a scarcely perceptible interspace ; the frontals are raised above the orbits; there are no post- cleithra and the pelvic bones are well separated; the vertebra are numerous (46 to 53), the preseaudals with strong para- pophyses which are grooved superiorly and have the ribs attached near their distal extremities. Garman’s account of this genus (‘he Cyprinodonts,’ pp. 70-79, pls. vi. & vii.) is of considerable interest ; he has shown that both males and females are “ rights and lefts; ” in Anableps anableps the female urogenital orifice is covered by an enlarged scale, unattached on one side or the other, so as to open to the right or left; presumably dextral males pair with sinistral females, and vice versd. 7. Pa@crriiNns#. The fishes of this subfamily differ from all the others of the order in the absence of exoccipital condyles. ‘They are vivi- parous, and in the males the anal fin is advanced and modified, some of the anterior rays being enlarged and produced. Higenmann has studied the structure of this intromittent organ in the Peeciliids of the La Plata (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxxii, 1907, p. 425); he has found that it is the third, fourth, and fifth rays which are prolonged ; these rays may be rolled up to form a tube, or they may be armed with recurved hooks or with terminal finger-like or antler-like processes. The anal fin of the male is supported by special bony stays, 2 to 5 in number, which project downwards and forwards from the bridges connecting the parapophyses of some of the posterior preecaudal vertebrae (ef. Garman, ‘ The Cyprinodonts,’ pl. viii.). ‘The osteology is much as in the Funduline, except for On the Classification of the Order Synentognatht. 327 the characters noted above ; parietals are present, but there is no basisphenoid. Vertebre 30 to 36 (Gambusia 32, Belo- nesox 36, Pecilia, Mollienisia, and Xiphophorus 30 or 31). The principal genera are Belonesox, Gambusia, Petalo- soma, Glaridichthys, Cnesterodon, Heterandria, Pecilia, Girardinus, Acanthophacelus, Phalloptychus, Phalloceros. In Belonesox the jaws are produced and the teeth cardi- form ; some of the others are carnivorous and have the mouth and dentition of a Fundulus, but these are closely related to those mud-eating forms which have a small transverse mouth, movable compressed teeth, and the rami of the lower jaw loosely connected, All the species are American, ranging on the coasts and in the rivers from the scuthern United States to the La Plata, and especially abounding in Central America and the West Indies. The males of some of the species are among the smallest known fishes. EXPLANATION OF PLATE VIII. Goodea atripinnis. Fig. 1. Hyopalatine and opercular bones (internal view). pal, palatine ; g, quadrate ; ms, mesopterygoid ; Am, hyomandibular ; sy, sym- plectic ; op, operculum ; sop, suboperculum ; zop, interoperculum, Fig. 2. Pectoral arch (except post-temporal and supra-cleithrum). cd, cleithrum ; pel, post-cleithrum ; sc, hypercoracoid; cor, hypo- coracoid ; 7, radials. Figs. 3-5. Skull: 3, from behind; 4, from above; 5, from below. soc, supraoccipital ; boc, basioccipital ; eoc, exoccipital ; epo, epiotic ; opo, opisthotic ; spo, sphenotic; pto, pterotic; pro, pro-otic ; asp, alisphenoid; psp, parasphenoid ; v, vomer; eth, meseth- moid ; leth, lateral ethmoid; x, nasal ; por, preorbital ; f, fron- tal; p, parietal ; ptt, post-temporal. XXXVI.—The Classification of the Teleostean Fishes of the Order Synentognatht. By C. Tare Reean, M.A. (Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) [Plate IX. ] Tue order Synentognathi (Pharyngognathi malacopterygii of Johannes Miller) may be shortly diagnosed as comprising malacopterous physoclists with the lower pharyngeals com- pletely united. In these fishes the dorsal fin is placed far back, above the anal, the branched rays of the caudal are only 13 in number, the pectorals are placed high, and the 328 Mr. C. T. Regan on the pelvic fins are abdominal, 6-rayed. The scales are thin and eycloid, and the lateral line runs very low. The pre- maxillaries are non-protractile and the maxillaries enter the border of the mouth to a greater or less extent; the lower jaw includes a sesamoid articulare, composed of a laminar portion adherent to the inner face of the articulare, and of a rather stout process which projects above the edge of the jaw; the hyo-palatine and opercular bones are normally developed; the branchiostegals number from 9 to 15; the more or less enlarged third upper pharyngeals are denti- gerous, opposed to the united lower pharyngeals ; the fourth are small or absent; the upper surface of the cranium 1s flattish, without crests; the nasals are superior in position, firmly united to the frontals and ethmoid; the upper edge of the large przorbital is attached to the outer edge of the nasal, at right angles to the latter; the parietals, when present, are very small, separated by the supraoccipital ; there is no orbitosphenoid ; the well-separated alisphenoids are not always recognizable as distinct elements; a basi- sphenoid is present and the myodome has an osseous roof ; the opisthotic is absent, and the epiotic and pterotic are produced backwards into a laminar expansion, with which a similar projection of the exoccipital is usually united. The post-temporal is usually simple, attached to the epiotic and pterotic lamina, but there may be a very small inner fork joining the exoccipital ; the supra-cleithrum is reduced ; the short pectoral radials are rigidly united with the hyper- coracoid and hypocoracoid, and the latter is expanded ; there is no mesocoracoid. The vertebrz are numerous, the centra and arches are ankylosed, and the ribs and epipleurals are inserted together on the transvere processes, the ribs com- mencing on the third vertebra; the hypurals are reduced in number and ankylosed with the last centrum, which bears a prominent horizontal ridge on each side. The Synentognathi are an isolated group, without evident close relationship to any other fishes, but showing certain resemblances to the Microcyprini. The large number of branchiostegals, the absence of spinous fin-rays, the truly abdominal pelvic fins, the mouth-structure, and other cha- racters indicate their derivation from malacopterous physo- stomes ; they donot appear to be even remotely allied to the Percesoces, which I am now disposed to unite with the Perecomorphi, for I cannot believe that two groups so pre- cisely similar in their anatomy are not closely related, nor that they have independently acquired the combination of a spinous dorsal, 3 anal spines, 15 branched caudal rays, pelvic fins anterior, of a spine and 5 soft rays, and 24 vertebre. Classification of the Order Synentognathi. 329 The fishes of this order have often been considered to form but a single family, Scombresocide (Giinth. Cat. Fish. vi. p. 234; Bouleng. Camb. Nat. Hist. Fish. p. 637). In 1878 Cope (Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. xvii. p. 695) proposed to place Belone in a separate family, the possession of a coronoid bone and of zygapophyses being said to distinguish it from the Exocoetide. In 1895 (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xviii. p. 167) Dr. G:ll put forward the following scheme :— Family Exoc@rTip#,. Synentognathi with the supramaxillaries [maxillaries] only in contact with the intermaxillaries [ premaxillaries], the mandible with a reduced intradentary bone, the hypopharyngeals united in a broad triangular body, the third pair of epipharyngeals much enlarged, those of the fourth pair aborted or united with the third, and the vertebra without zyga- pophysoid processes. Subfamily ScOMBERESOCINE, Exoceetids with both jaws more or less elongated and attenuated forward, pectoral fins moderate, and the epipharyngeals of the third pair separate, Subfamily Exoca@rinz. Exoccetids with both jaws rounded or simply angulated forward, pectoral tins enlarged and adapted for sustentation of the body in the air, and the epipharyngeals of the third pair separate, Subfamily HeEMIRHAMPHIN#, Exoceetids with the upper jaw angulate and the lower produced into an elongated beak, pectoral fins moderate or little enlarged, and the epipharyngeals of the third pair closely united in a transverse plate. Family Esocipm* [BELONID &]. Synentognathi with the supramaxillaries united by suture with the intermaxillaries, the mandible with an elongated intradentary bone, the hypopharyngeals united in a narrow body, the third pair of epipharyngeals little enlarged, those of the fourth pair distinct from the third and from each other and the vertebrae with distinct zygapophysoid processes. * There can be no question that Artedi and Linneus regarded the pike, Lsox luctus, as the type of the genus Zsor. Linneus, in the sixth edition of the ‘Systema Nature,’ included three species in the genus— 1. luctus, 2. belone, 3. acus; and in the ‘ Fauna Suecica’ two—l. luecius, 2. belone. Artedi, in the ‘ Bibliotheca Ichthyologica’ (1738), also placed the pike, Esox rostro plagioplateo, as the first species of the genus Esox, and as the first synonym gave Esox, Pliny. Thus, by the rule of tautonymy, £. luctus is the type of Esov, and Rafinesque’s restriction of the name to £. belone may be ignored. The fact that in all probability Artedi was mistaken in thinking that Pliny’s Zsox was the pike has no importance in this connexion. Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. vii. 22 330 Mr. C, T. Regan on the This classification was adopted by Jordan and Evermann (Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. xlvi. 1896, p. 707) except that the subfamilies were given family rank. The diagnostic cha- racters were practically unchanged, except that the position and size of the additional bone in the lower jaw were correctly indicated. Ridewood (P. Z.S. 1904, ii. p. 72) has pointed out that the names “addentary” and “intradentary ”’ proposed by Gill were based on a misconception ; the best name for this bone is that given by Ridewood, namely “ sesamoid articu- lare.” The development of this bone is more or less propor- tional to the length of the jaw and the strength of the dentition; it is largest in Tyloswrus and smallest in Exocetus (cf. text-fig.). None of the characters used by Gill to charac- . terize his two families is really distinctive. In Scombresox Tnner view of left ramus of lower jaw of: 1. Evoceetus arcticepas. 2. Chriodorus atherinoides. 38. Scombresox saurus. 4. Belone belone. s, sesamoid articulare; a7, articulare ; an, angulare; d, dentary. the form of the maxillary and its mode of attachment to the premaxillary are exactly as in the Belonidz, and the pharyngeal bones and teeth are much more similar to those of Belone and Tylosurus than to those of Hemirhamphus or Exocetus (cf. PL IX.). Zygapophyses are equally well developed in all the Synentognaths; throughout the group the neural arch of each vertebra has on each side a posterior Classification of the Order Synentognathi. 331 projection fitting an emargination of an anterior laminar expansion of the neural arch behind it; in the posterior caudal region the hemal arches articulate in a somewhat similar manner, but on the anterior caudal and posterior precaudal vertebrie the posterior processes are longer and directed vertically downward. I find that the structure of the jaws, the pharyngeal bones and teeth, the skull, the pectoral arch, and the pelvic bones call for the recognition of two very distinct suborders, each including two closely related families. Order SYNENTOGNATHI. Suborder 1. SCOMBRESOCOIDEA. Synentognaths with small scales and with the mouth typically large, the jaws usually produced and narrowed forwards ; rami of the lower jaw united by the interlocking of a series of inner processes (except in Cololabis) ; maxillaries firmly united to premaxillaries. Third upper pharyngeals moderately enlarged, separate ; fourth usually present ; lower pharyngeal triangular or long and narrow. Pharyngeal teeth usually villiform or granular, some of the teeth of the principal plates often compressed, tricuspid. Parasphenoid without apophysis; myodome elongate, the parasphenoid and pro-otic meeting in a long sutural union; auditory bulla, if distinct, little prominent, with but a shallow depres- sion in front of it. Post-temporal more or less expanded and laminar, simple or with a small inner fork; supra- cleithrum small, partly or entirely hidden by the post- temporal ; cleithrum connected with basioccipital by a strong ligament. Hach pelvic bone of an anterior subtriangular lamina and an erect laminar process, which is more or less expanded superiorly. Family 1. Belonida. Post-temporal forked, the upper fork more or less ex- panded, anteriorly attached to the nearly horizontal epiotic and pterotic lamina, the lower fork short and_ slender, attached to a process of the exoccipital lamina; supra- cleithrum small, vertical, more or less concealed beneath the post-temporal. Vertebree 57 to 77 (57 in Xenentodon*, 74 in Potamorrhaphis, 77 in Belone) ; preecaudals with strong * 57 also in the Miocene Belone tenuis (Kramberger, Glasnik Soc. Hist, Nat. Croatia, x. 1898, p. 26, pl. ii. fig. 1). 22* 332 Mr. C. T. Regan on the parapophyses to which the ribs are attached. Both jaws strongly produced, furnished with bands of small teeth and with a single series of more or less strongly enlarged, erect, conical, pointed teeth. No finlets. Synopsis of the Genera. I, Gill-rakers developed ; jaws comparatively slender ; enlarged. teeth of upper jaw moderate, of lower comparatively small and close- set; lower pharyngeal triangular; second and third upper pha- ryngeals dentigerous ; fourth usually distinct, dentigerous. Body scarcely or moderately compressed. 1. Belone, Cuv., 1817 *. Body very strongly compressed ........ 2. Petalichthys, Regan, 1904. II. Gill-rakers absent or vestigial; jaws comparatively stout ; enlarged teeth of both jaws strong, spaced canines. A. Dorsal rays subequal; lower pharyngeal triangular; second, third, and fourth upper pharyngeals separate, dentigerous. 3. Potamorrhaphis, Giinth., [ 1866. B. Anterior dorsal rays forming a lobe; lower pharyngeal elon- gate, narrow, the dentigerous plate scarcely expanded poste- riorly ; second and third upper pharyngeals dentigerous ; fourth usually distinct, dentigerous. Body scarcely or moderately compressed. 4. J'ylosurts, Cocco, 1829. Body strongly compressed ............ 5. Athlennes, Jord., 1886. C. Anterior dorsal rays forming a lobe; lower pharyngeal small, narrow, pointed or rounded at both ends; only one pair of dentigerous upper pharyngeals, the third. 6. Xenentodon, gen. noy. I have examined the pharyngeal dentition in the following species :—Belone belone, Linn., acus, Risso, trachura, Cuv. & Val., platura, Benn., gracilis, Lowe ; Petalichthys capensis, Regan; Tylosurus acus, Lacep., marinus, Walb., annulatus, Cuv. & Val., robustus, Gunth., caudimaculatus, Cuv., strongy- lurus, Bleek., anastomella, Cuv. & Val.; Athlennes hians, Cuv. & Val. ; Xenentodon cancila, Buch. Ham., canciloides, Bleek. The lower pharyngeal plate of Xenentodon seems to be derived from that of Tylosurus by the constriction off of the anterior part and disappearance of the remainder. * According to the synonymy given by Dr. Gill, Raphistoma, Rafinesque, 1815, has priority over Belone, Cuv., 1817. Rafinesque (‘ Analyse de la Nature,’ p. 89) placed Raphistoma after Esox in the subfamily Esoxidia (‘‘Une seule nageoire dorsale; dos non aguillonné”) of the family Siagonia (‘‘Machoires trés-prolongées, dentées”) of the order Gastripia (‘ Les abdominaux”). The only generic diagnosis is a reference to Belone, Gr. [Gronoyius]. As the name Belone apparently does not occur in the writings of Gronovius, Raphistoma may be regarded as a nomen nudum. Classification of the Order Synentognathi. 333 Family 2. Scombresocide. Post-temporal simple, a broad lamina anteriorly overlapping the nearly vertical epiotic and pterotic lamina; supra- cleithrum a small bone adherent to the inner face of the post-temporal at its posterior edge. Vertebre 65-70 *, parapophyses mostly very short, with the ribs nearly sessile. Jaws more or less produced and attenuated forwards ; teeth very small. Posterior rays of dorsal and anal detached tinlets. Two genera, Scombresox, Lacep., and Cololabis, Gill. In both the pharyngeal bones and teeth are much as in Belone ; the third upper pharyngeals are moderately large, separate, and are followed by the very small fourth pair, which bear a few teeth; the lower pharyngeals form a moderately broad triangular plate. In Scombresox the structure of the jaws is exactly as in the Belonidz, even to the presence of the inter- locking processes which unite the produced portions of the rami of the lower jaw ; the absence of these anterior exten- sions in Cololabis may be regarded as probably secondary. Suborder 2. Exoc@TorIpEA. Synentognaths with rather large scales and small mouth. Second and third upper pharyngeals dentigerous, the third pair strongly enlarged, together forming a somewhat convex ovoid plate; fourth upper pharyngeals absent ; lower pharyngeal broad, triangular, with concave upper surface ; teeth on principal pharyngeal plates anteriorly villiform, posteriorly incisors with transversely expanded horizontal edge, the two types connected by teeth of intermediate form, many of which are tricuspid. Parasphenoid with an inferior apophysis in front of the upper pharyngeals; myo- dome short, a deep depression between its outer wall and the prominent compressed auditory bulla. Post-temporal and supra-cleithrum simple, slender, curved, the former attached along the posterior edge of the pterotic lamina; supra- cleithrum suspended from the posterior end of the post- temporal; cleithrum curved inwards above, articulating directly with basioccipital. Each pelvic bone of an anterior subtriangular lamina and an erect slender process, * 65 in Scombresox saurus ; 70 in the Miocene Scombresox acutirostris (Sauvage, Ann. Sci. Géol. iv, 1878, no. 1, fig. 68, and xi, 1880, no, 3, p- 48). 334 On the Classification of the Order Synentognatht. Family 1. Hemirhamphide. Przemaxillaries anteriorly forming a flat triangular ex- pansion; maxillaries firmly united to przemaxillaries ; teeth in jaws small, compressed, usually tricuspid; third upper pharyngeals ankylosed. Vertebrae 49 to 55 ; parapophyses strong, nearly horizontal. Pectoral fins short or moderately long. Genera: Cobitopsis (probably including Chriodorus), Arrhamphus, Hemirhamphus, Hemirhamphodon, Zenarcho- pterus, Dermatogenys, Oxyporhamphus, Euleptorhamphus. Hemirhamphus occurs in the Upper Eocene of Monte Bolea. Cobitopsis acutus, from the Lower Miocene of France, is very closely related to Chriodorus atherinoides from the coast of Florida. Dr. Smith Woodward has permitted me to examine examples of the extinct species, which I have com- pared with specimens of C. atherinoides. The two agree in almost every detail; the form, position, and structure of the fins and the number of rays are exactly the same ; the jaws, opercles, pectoral arch, &c. are extremely similar in the two species, and the number of vertebra is nearly or quite identical. In an example of Chriodorus atherinoides I count 16 dorsal, 17 anal, 12 pectoral, 6 pelvic, and 13 branched caudal rays, and I find these numbers also in Codbitopsis acutus ; I find 49 vertebree in C. atherinoides, and approxi- mately this number in C. acutus. In making a restoration of the extinct species Dr. Smith Woodward* hasevidently been influenced by Mr. Boulenger’s opinion that this fish was related to Ammodytes. The broad cleithrum of the Hemirhamphide is represented as the enlarged suboperculum of the Ammodytide, and the pectorals are shown as symmetrical and placed low, whereas they appear to me to be asymmetrical and placed high. C. acutus has usually been described as toothless, but I believe that I can recognize traces of small teeth in the jaws of one of the specimens. In C. acutus the head is longer than in C. atherinoides, measuring more than + of the length of the fish to the base of the caudal, the lower jaw seems to be longer, more than } the length of the head, and the snout is apparently more produced. . * Cat. Fossil Fish. iv. p. 355 (1901). On Parasitic Castration in Lumbricus herculeus. 335 Family 2. Exocetide. Premaxillaries with straight transverse anterior margin ; maxillaries free from or merely adherent to premaxillaries ; teeth in jaws minute, villiform; third upper pharyngeals simply coalescent, the plate readily separating into its two components. Vertebree 44 to52; most of the parapophyses oa somewhat downwards and forwards. Pectoral fins arge.. Genera: Exocetus, Halocypselus, Parexocetus, Fodiator. EXPLANATION OF PLATE IX. Dentigerous pharyngeal bones of: A. Ezxocetus lineatus; B. Hemi- rhamphus intermedius; C. Xenentodon cancila; D. Tylosurus acus; EK. Belone belone; F. Scombresox saurus. The second, third, and fourth upper pharyngeals are numbered. XXXVII.—WNote on Parasitic Castration in the Earthworm Lumbricus herculeus. By Icerna B. J. SoLuAs, B.Sc., Newnham College, Cambridge. ALL observations on parasitic castration have acquired fresh interest since the publication of Mr. Geoffrey Smith’s work on the experimental analysis of sex (3). Also, so far as I know, no case of parasitic castration of a hermaphrodite animal is at present on record. The castration described in this note attracted my attention in February 1910, when I found that of ten full-sized earth- worms provided for demonstration purposes five possessed either no clitellum or an imperfectly developed clitellum, and in the abnormal individuals the seminal vesicles were either small and contained no sperm at any stage of development, or they were more or less normal as to size, but contained chiefly immature stages of sperm-cells. ‘The spermathece were empty; the ovaries were normal. In those worms in -which the degeneration of the seminal vesicles was most com- plete not only was there no trace of clitellum, but the lips of the male duct were not tumid and the genital chests were not more prominent than the rest. Further batches of worms were obtained from the same locality, and rather less than half their number proved to lack the clitellum. A number of specimens without clitellum have also been found in various other localities. 336 On Parasitic Castration in Lumbricus herculeus. Microscopical examination showed that the cause of the abnormality lay in a bacterial infection, not only the cyto- phores but the spermatocytes themselves being crowded with minute spherical bacteria in active movement. ‘The contents of the seminal vesicles of some of those individuals (from the same plot of ground) which possessed a clitellum were also not entirely normal, acertain proportion of the sperm mother- cells containing the bacteria. The greater number of the bacteria are spherical, measuring about ‘0014 mm. in diameter; others are elongated, measuring ‘007 by ‘0014 mm. Sometimes distinctly larger individuals occur, measuring *0035 by 0043 mm. In all the infected worms the seminal vesicles contained unusually large numbers of Monocystis—spores, cysts, and free swimming individuals, but not the attached form. In all cases the amcebocytes were conspicuous in the seminal vesicles, and were crowded with ingested and now motionless individuals of the bacterium in question. In this connexion Brasil’s remarks are interesting (1) :—“ La présence d’amibocytes nombreux dans les vésicules séminales des Lumbricus est normale et connue. Les amibocytes seraient attirés dans ces organes, a-t-on dit, par les parasites qui y abondent presque toujours (Grégarines du genre Mono- cystis) et contribueraient par leurs propriétés phagocytaires prévenir un encombrement qui, s’il n’était entravé, abouti- rait fatalement Aa la castration tout au moins partielle de Phéte.” Brasil, however, thinks that the amcebocytes have another and more general function :—“ Le réle principale des amibocytes des vésicules séminales consisterait dans le nettoy- age complet de ces organes aprés les émissions spermatiques. ... L’action sur les parasites ne serait qu’un épisode particu- lier de cette fonction plus générale.” I have never observed this asserted resorption of the repro- ductive elements by the phagocytes: in those instances in which I have found the seminal vesicles of the earthworm containing only amoebocytes charged with granules, as Brasil describes, the condition has been brought about by the bacterial destruction of the spermatic elements. This bacterium is probably as constant an occupant of the seminal vesicles of the earthworm as is Monocystis. I have found it in smal] numbers in healthy worms obtained from various places. Ina healthy worm, however, the majority of the bacteria are ingested by the amcebocytes and are consequently motionless ; often great crowds of bacteria are seen in the ameebocytes, while living individuals are only found by searching. Their inconspicuousness when motion- On a new Marsupial. 337 less no doubt accounts for their having so long escaped notice. That they are a serious and constant enemy of the earthworm seems to be shown by the comparative frequency with which worms devoid of clitellum and normai sperm occur, and also by observations upon earthworms found travelling over the surface of paths after rain. These are stated by Latter (2) to be “in the majority of cases infected by larvee of parasitic flies and doomed to die.” All the specimens that I have examined have contained large numbers of bacteria in the seminal vesicles and no ripe sperm. It may be that some of them were also infected by fly larve ; but, even if so, my observations show that when conditions are otherwise un- favourable the bacterium is always ready to take advantage. Literature referred to. (1) Bras, L.—C. R. Ac. Sci. xl. pt. 9, 1905, p. 597. (2) Larrmr, O.— The Natural History of some Common Animals,’ 1904, 3 p. 3. (3) Smiru, G.—Quart. J. Microse. Sci. liv. 1910, p. 577. XXXVITI—On a new Marsupial. By Prof. F. FoERSTER and the Hon. WALTER RoruscHiLp, Ph.D. Phalanger larvatus, sp. n. Fur of pelage velvety, smoky grey, an ill-defined mesial dorsal line or stripe of dark brown expanding into a distinct smoky black band over head and face to the nose. Throat black, a black band from throat across cheeks to ears, a similar one on crown between theears. Snout smoky black ; face tawny ochraceous. Forearms washed with tawny ochra- ceous on outside. Underside dirty grey, paler in centre; chest and lower throat yellowish white. Tail hairy to tip, black, with a few scattered silky grey hairs at base ; underside of tail naked for the apical 120 mm. Ears hairy outside, tawny ochraceous, naked within. Upper dental series, dis- tance between ¢ and 73=to that between ¢ and pm 1. Nearest toavarus, Thom. P. larvatus as well as P. avarus, Thom., can always be distinguished from the forms of P. canescens by the tawny outside of the ears; from P. ava- rus it is at once distinguished by the entirely black tail. Dimensions. Head and body 840 mm.; tail 230-250; nose to ear 35; ear 8. Hab. Rawlinson Mts., German New Guinea. 2 $9. 338 Mr. W. L. Distant on Pentatomide. XXXIX.—Rhynchotal Notes.—LIV. By W. L. Distant. Pentatomidz from various Regions. Moonta, gen. nov. Body elongate ; head depressed, longer than broad at base, somewhat angularly narrowed and pointed at apex, moderately deeply inserted at base in the pronotum; eyes prominent, but not reaching the anterior pronotal angles; antenne pilose, first joint not reaching apex of head, second joint slightly longer than the third, subequal to fourth ; pronotum not quite twice as broad at base as long, the lateral margins rounded, the anterior angles truncate behind eyes, beyond which they also project, anterior margin deeply excavate for the reception of head, posterior margin truncate, the disk a little convex ; scutellum much longer than broad, almost as long as head and pronotum together, attenuated to apex, which is somewhat flattened and reaching the inner apical angles of the corium; corium longer than scutellum, apical margin oblique; membrane small, not passing abdominal apex; rostrum reaching the intermediate coxe, the second joint in type apparently angularly raised from base, but this character may be artificial ; -tibiz strongly spinulose. In general appearance this genus resembles the Oriental genus Gampsotes, Sign., from which it is at once distinguished by the shorter rostrum, the narrow pointed head, and the more excavate anterior margin of the pronotum. Moonta alexandria, sp. un. Head, pronotum, and scutellum shining black, corium more purplish black, membrane pale ochraceous, subhyaline, darker on basal area; head practically impunctate, the ocelli red, near eyes and far apart from each other; pronotum sparsely but distinctly punctate on posterior half, the extreme lateral margins acute; scutellum (excluding base and apex) very coarsely punctate; corium thickly finely punctate ; antenne pitchy brown; anterior and intermediate legs pitchy brown, posterior legs piceous; other structural characters as in generic diagnosis. ; Long. 6 mm. Hab. N. Australia; Alexandria (W, Stalker, Brit. Mus.). Mr. W. L. Distant on Pentatomide. 339 GAMBIANA, gen. nov. Body suboblong ; head longer than broad between eyes, lateral lobes a little longer than the central lobe, but not meeting beyond it, the lateral margins distinctly reflexed, rounded at apices, a distinct curved spine a little outwardly directed in front of each eye; antenne five-jointed, joints 1 to 4 almost subequal in length, basal joint not quite reaching Gambiana asper, Walk. apex of head; pronotum about twice as broad at base as long, roundly deflected towards head, lateral margins roundly oblique, lateral angles subprominent, very distinctly toothed, between them a transverse impression, and a central longi- tudinal ridge which neither reaches the anterior nor the posterior margin, anterior area irregularly sculptured or rugose; scutellum much longer than broad, apparently reaching the abdominal apex (abdomen mutilated in type), strongly sinuate on each side near base, apex broadly trun- cate, a very distinct central basal rounded foveation, the margins of which are strongly ridged and continued poste- riorly for a short distance on disk ; corium exposed on each side for about two-thirds the length of scutellum; rostrum reaching the posterior coxe ; abdomen mutilated. This genus is founded on, and intended to elucidate, the species described by Walker as Podops asper, the condition of the type specimens I considered being too bad for exact determination when I referred to them in 1899 (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) iv. p. 48). They have recently, by the skilled attention of Mr. Ewd. Waterhouse, been thoroughly cleaned and reset, and the accompanying figure has been made by 340 Mr. W. L. Distant on Pentatomide. Mr. Knight. The principal character is found in the extra- ordinary sculpture of the scutellum, a point not observed by Walker in the badly pinned specimen which formed his type. It seems to be nearest allied to Oncozygidea, Reut. Gambiana asper. Podops asper, Walk. Cat. Het. i. p. 72 (1867). Hab. Gambia (Brit. Mus.). In his excellent treatment of the Graphosomatinz, Schou- teden considered that this species, which he referred to as aspera, might prove to be a synonym of Scotinophora fibu- lata, Germ. The present figure and above description will serve to prevent further misconception. The pronotum is more or less ochraceously pilose. AMBERIANA, gen. nov. Head a little longer than the breadth at base between eyes, the lateral margins strongly sinuate, the apical marginal area rounded, central lobe prominent but not distinctly ex- tending beyond the lateral lobes, lateral margins slightly reflexed ; eyes laterally prominent ; antennee with the basal joint not reaching apex of head, second joint short, shorter than first, third longer than first and second together, re- maining joint or joints mutilated in the specimens now before me; ocelli near base, almost as far from eyes as from each other; pronotum about twice broader at base than medial length, the lateral margins lobately ampliate, not serrate, on anterior half more strongly lobately ampliate and continued considerably beyond but not in front of eyes, the posterior half less ampliate, with the lateral angles subprominent, anterior margin a little concave, posterior margin truncate, the cicatrices prominent and broad, behind them a distinct transverse impression; scutellum short, about as long as broad at base, the disk moderately globose, the lateral margins oblique for about basal two-thirds and then straightly narrowed to apex, which is rounded, a black levigate spot at each basal angle; corium about as long as head and pronotum together, broad, apex broadly angularly rounded ; membrane not quite reaching abdominal apex, the veins broadly reticulate ; rostrum long, reaching the base of the third abdominal segment in ¢, base of fifth in @, first joint reaching base of head, third joint a little longest; meso- sternum centrally suleate; abdomen broadly, centrally, longi- tudinally sulcate; legs moderately short, anterior femora Mr. W. L. Distant on Pentatomide. 341 very obscurely toothed before apex, tibize shorter than the femora and more or less longitudinally sulcate ; tarsi two- jointed. This genus of Halyaria is allied to Paraleria, Reut., by the aberrant character of the two-jointed tarsi, but it is at once separated from it by the non-crenulated lateral pronotal margins and the entirely different structure of the same. Amberiana montana, sp. n. Ochraceous with black markings ; membrane dull greyish, the reticulate venation black; antennie with the first and second joints ochraceous, the third black, with the apex ochraceous; head with the eyes and two longitudinal streaks at the region of the ocelli, and sometimes the basal margins of the central lobe, black; pronotum with four variable, more or less broken, oblique black fasciate markings ; scutellum with the basal angles, two central basal and two central lateral marginal linear spots black ; corium with variable and indeterminate black markings ; connexivum ochraceous, with large segmental black spots ; sublateral margins of sternum, central disk of mesosternum, linear spots to extreme lateral margins of abdomen, spiracles, an incised line behind them, margins of the abdominal seg- ments, and a large spot on apical segment black; rostrum castaneous brown; head, pronotum, scutellum, and corium slightly rugulose and thickly punctate ; the black sublateral margins to sternum granulose; other structural characters as In generic diagnosis. Long., g 84, 9 10 mm. Hab, Madagascar; Amber Mts. (Brit. Mus.). KapunDa, gen. nov. Head about as long as broad at base, the lobes subequal in length, the central lobe above a little prominent, the lateral margins slightly straightly oblique, the apex broadly rounded ; antennz with the first, second, and third joints almost subequal in length, first a little shortest ; pronotum twice as broad at base as long, moderately depressed ante- riorly and laterally, the lateral margins convex and mode- rately laminately reflexed, anterior and posterior margins truncate, anterior angles truncate behind eyes, lateral angles rounded, not prominent; scutellum longer than pronotum, broad, narrowed but not attenuated to apex, which is rounded ; corium about as long as scutellum, but its apex 342 Mr. W. L. Distant on Pentatomide. slightly passing apex of scutellum; membrane short, not passing apex of abdomen, veins simple, somewhat irregularly cellular on basal area; rostrum reaching the intermediate cox, first joint not quite reaching base of head; tibie setose and sulcate ; posterior tarsi with the first joint shorter than the two apical joints together, the joints robust. Allied to Menaccarus, A. & S8., but distinguished from that genus by the first jomt of the posterior tarsi being shorter than the two apical joints together. Kapunda typica, sp. n. Dull ochraceous, darkly punctate; lateral margins of the pronotum and basal lateral margins of corium pale ochra- ceous and much more sparsely punctate; scutellum with a small black foveate spot in each basal angle, preceded by a pale ochraceous elongate levigate spot, a black elongate marginal spot on each side before apex, which is narrowly ochraceous and impunctate; membrane pale hyaline; con- nexivum ochraceous, with large punctate black spots at the apices of the incisures ; body beneath ochraceous, head and sternum darkly punctate, the punctures forming more or less distinct dark spots on the lateral areas of pro-, meso-, and metasterna; abdomen beneath with a distinct black jongi- tudinal submarginal fascia on each side; femora more or less spotted with piceous or testaceous ; on disk of abdomen beneath a few minute reddish spots ; structural characters as in generic diagnosis. ~ Long. 6 mm. Hab. New South Wales; Sydney (Comm. J. J. Walker, Brit. Mus.). NEOMENESTHEUS, gen. nov. Head about as long as broad between outer margins of eyes, a little longer than the pronotum, lateral lobes longer than the central, meeting beyond it but cleft at their apices, their lateral margins moderately reflexed ; ocelli near base, much nearer eyes than to each other ; antennz five-jointed, third joint about reaching apex of head, first and second sub- equal in length, third a little shortest, fourth and fifth sub- equal and longest; pronotum transverse, the lateral margins oblique and narrowly reflexed, anterior and posterior margins subtruncate, lateral anglesrounded, not prominent; scutellum about as long as broad at base, only moderately narrowed to apex, which is somewhat broadly rounded ; corium about as Mr. W. L. Distant on Pentatomide. 343 long as scutellum, though its apex passes the apex of scutel- lum, its apical margin roundly oblique; membrane short, not nearly reaching abdominal apex, the veins simple ; connexi- vum exposed from about posterior half of corium; buccule elevated, outwardly curved and divergent from middle to base of head ; rostrum reaching the posterior coxe, first joint slightly passing base of head, second longest and reaching the intermediate coxee ; sternum centrally longitu- dinally impressed ; tarsi three-jointed, second joint smallest. Alhed to Menestheus, Stal, and Paramenestheus, Bredd., from which it principally differs by the scutellum not longer than broad and with its apex broadly rounded. Neomenestheus walkeri, sp. n. Ochraceous, somewhat thickly punctate; head with the lateral margins and the margins of the central lobe distinctly darkly punctate ; antenne with the first, second, and third joints ochraceous, the fourth and fifth joints and apex of first black ; pronotum thickly coarsely punctate, a small black spot near anterior angles, another near middle and sublateral, a third near the lateral angles; scutellum more distinctly punctate on basal and lateral areas, a small punctate black spot near each basal angle; corium thickly and more finely punctate ; membranal veins piceous ; connexivum yellowish, with small black spots at the segmental incisures ; body beneath and legs ochraceous, finely punctate; apices of tarsi black ; structural characters as in generic diagnosis. Long. 7 mm. Hab. New South Wales; Sydney (Comm. J. J. Walker, Brit. Mus.). “ Genus AGoNnoscELis. Agonoscelis, Spin. Hss. p. 527 (1887). Type, A. nubila, Fabr. \, Agonoscelis antennata, sp. n. Head ochraceous, coarsely thickly darkly punctate, the lateral lobes shghtly outwardly projecting beyond the central lobe, which, being less punctate, is paler in hue; antenne black, the basal joint more or less, and the remaining joints distinctly, basally pale ochraceous, first joint not reaching apex of head, second, fourth, and fifth longest and subequal in length; pronotum dull obscure ochraceous, somewhat coarsely darkly punctate, anterior lateral margins impunctate 344 Mr. W. L. Distant on Pentatomide. and somewhat longly pilose, the lateral angular areas spotted with black ; scutellum ochraceous, somewhat sparingly darkly punctate, the apex broadly pale ochraceous ; corium more or less purplish, thickly finely punctate; membrane pale ochra- ceous, subhyaline, the basal areas reflecting the dark abdomen beneath, somewhat longly passing the abdominal apex ; con- nexivum ochraceous, with large black spots at the apices of the incisures; body beneath and legs pale ochraceous ; sternal spots, spiracles, small scattered spots to abdomen beneath, apex of rostrum, apical spots to femora, and tarsi (mostly) black ; rostrum about reaching the posterior cox. Long. 11-13 mm. Hab. Corea; Quelpart Island (S. Ichikawa, Brit. Mus.). Genus Hop istopERA. Hoplistodera, Westw. in Hope Cat. i. p. 18 (1887). Type, H. testacea, Westw. Hoplistodera fergussoni, sp. n. Brownish ochraceous; antenne with the first joint stoutest, not reaching apex of head, second joint distinctly longer than first, subequal in length to third, remaining joints mutilated in type ; head with the central lobe promi- nent, its apex slightly projecting beyond the lateral lobes, and there it is transversely impressed, lateral lobes and basal area more or less coarsely punctate, on basal area the punc- tures arranged in three longitudinal fasciate series; pro- notum coarsely punctate, moderately levigately rugulose, an indistinct central longitudinal levigate line, the lateral angles distinctly produced, their apices acute and recurved ; scutel- Jum coarsely punctate, on apical half more finely and thickly punctate, on basal half somewhat transversely rugulose ; corium sparingly finely punctate, more coarsely and thickly punctate on the costal and subclaval areas ; membrane pale brownish ochraceous, subhyaline, distinctly passing the abdo- minal apex; sternum distinctly, abdomen finely punctate ; connexivum ochraceous, with a dark spot on each side of the segmental incisures. Long. 74 mm.; exp. pronot. angl. 65 mm. Hab. China; Mountains 50 miles N.W. of Chengtu (W. N. Fergusson, Brit. Mus.). Genus AXIAGASTUS. Axiagastus, Dall. List Hem. i. p. 221 (1851). Type, A. rosmarus, Dall. Mr. W. L. Distant on Pentatomid:e. 345 Axviagastus cambelli, sp. n. Black; lateral margins and longitudinal lines to head, sublateral margins and suffusions to anterior area of pro- notum, basal margin, central lateral margins and apex of scutellum, a spot on posterior disk of corium, antenn, rostrum, body beneath, and legs ochraceous; transverse fascize to sternum and abdomen, two curved longitudinal lines at middle of head beneath, spiracles and a central longitudinal fascia to abdomen, and apex of rostrum black ; first joint of antenne not reaching apex of head, second and third subequal in length, fourth and fifth a little longest and also subequal ; spines from buccule long, acutely downwardly produced ; body above thickly punctate except on the ochra- ceous markings ; connexivum ochraceous, with black spots at the abdominal incisures, and inwardly margined with the same colour; membrane dark bronzy, slightly passing the abdominal apex. Long. 15 mm. ; exp. pronot. angl. 8 mm. Hab. Solomon Islands (W. H. Cambell); Duke of York Island ; Aignan Island (Brit. Mus.). On Solomon Islands “destructive to coconuts” (W. H. Cambell). Genus Euryaspis. Euryaspis, Sign. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr, (2) ix. p. 342 (1851), Type, EL. transversalis, Sign. Euryaspis flavescens, sp. 0. Flavescent ; antennz reddish testaceous, first joint not reaching apex of head, second a little longer than first, much shorter than third, which is a little longer than either fourth or fifth, these being almost equal in length; head more or less suffused with pale testaceous red, lobes equal in length ; pronotum thickly, obscurely, finely punctate, the extreme anterior and lateral margins narrowly palely levigate, the cicatrices near the anterior margin; scutellum and corium thickly, obscurely, fiuely punctate ; rostrum (excluding basal joint) testaceous, reaching intermediate coxe; sternum finely punctate, abdomen more obscurely finely punctate ; abdominal spiracles’ black ; abdomen basally, centrally, spinously tuberculate ; metasternum elevated ; mesosternal carination somewhat strongly elevated, in front reaching the anterior coxze, posteriorly ampliated. Long. 13-1445 mm. Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. vii. 23 346 Mr. W. L. Distant on Pentatomide. Hab. China; Foo Chow (C. B. Rickett, Brit. Mus.). E. Borneo, Moorjawa (H. D. Jensen, Brit. Mus.). This is the largest species of the genus yet described, and is the second known from the Oriental Region. Genus Utana. Utana, Dist. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) v. p. 423 (1900), Type, U. suprema, Walk. Utana albertisi, sp. n. Head ochraceous, punctured and mottled with shining green, the punctures coarse, central lobe more sparingly punctate ; antenne ochraceous, first joint not reaching apex of head, second longer than first, a little shorter than third ; pronotum with the anterior half ochraceous, posterior half dark castaneous, the ochraceous area with a few dark punc- tures on disk, the antero-lateral and the auterior margins thickly darkly punctate, the posterior dark area finely some- what thickly punctate, the lateral angles produced, with their apices broad and backwardly recurved ; scutellum and corium dark castaneous, the first with the basal disk a little convex and slightly tinged with olivaceous green, distinctly punctate ; corium thickly and more finely punctate ; membrane cupreous, passing the abdominal apex; body beneath and legs shining ochraceous ; two small dark spots on each side of pro-, meso-, and metasterna; legs spotted with casta- neous, the apices of the femora broadly of the same colour ; rostrum scarcely passing the posterior coxe; sternal keel extending a little beyond the anterior coxe, ventral spine moderately short; prosternum coarsely punctate; abdominal spiracles black. Long. 144 mm.; exp. pronot. ang]. 9$ mm. Hab. New Guinea; Yule Island (LZ. M. D’ Albertis). Differs from U. suprema, Walk., the only other known species of the genus at the present time, by the shorter, less acute, and recurved lateral pronotal angles, and by the sternal keel extending a little beyond the anterior coxe, and the shorter rostrum ; the last two characters render it almost what is by some considered as of a subgeneric position. Genus BorHROcOoRIS. Brachystethus, subgen, Bothrocoris, Mayr, Reis, Noy., Hem. p. 68 (1866), Type, B. quinguedentatus, Spin. Mr. W. L. Distant on Pentatomide. 347 Bothrocoris consanguineus, sp. n. Above purplish brown, finely rugulose and thickly punc- tate; lateral margins of the pronotum, three small spots at basal margin and a spot on each side of apex of scutellum, and basal third of costal lateral margin pale levigate ochra- ceous ; a black impressed spot at each basal angle of scutel- Jum ; membrane purplish brown, the apical margin narrowly ochraceous ; connexivum ochraceous, with large black spots on each side of the incisures ; body beneath purplish brown, finely irrorated with ochraceous and more or less darkly punctate; lateral margins of sternum and abdomen pale levigate ochraceous; spiracles shining black, sublateral margins of abdomen more or less black; legs reddish testaceous ; rostrum about reaching the intermediate cox; antennz with the first joint reddish testaceous, remaining joints black, first joint passing apex of head, third, fourth, and fifth joints subequal in length, each longer than second; anterior mar- gins of lateral lobes of head narrowly ochraceous. Long. 12 mm. Hab. Paraguay ; Sapucay (W. Foster, Brit. Mus.). Closely allied to B. guinquedentatus, Spin., but the lateral pronotal margins more straightly oblique, apical markings of the scutellum very different, &c. ’ OKEANOs, gen. nov. Subelongate; head a little longer than breadth between eyes, lobes of equal length, the lateral lobes obliquely rounded at their apices, ocelli near base and eyes; antenne five-jointed, first joint almost reaching apex of head, third, fourth, and fifth joimts subequal in length, each a little longer than second ; pronotum about three times broader between lateral angles than long, moderately declivous ante- riorly, anterior angles prominently acutely spinous, lateral angles robustly produced, their apices broadly truncate, lateral margins strongly oblique, anterior margin behind head and the posterior margin before scutellum truncate ; scutellum much longer than broad at base, a little shorter than corium, the apical area strongly attenuated and centrally apically longitudinally depressed; corium with the inner angle rounded, the apical margin oblique ; membrane passing the abdominal apex, the veins longitudinal; rostrum reaching or slightly passing the posterior coxz, basal joint not extending beyond the buccule and only slightly passing anterior half of head, second joint slightly passing the 23 348 Mr. W. L. Distant on Pentatomide. anterior coxe, third joint reaching the intermediate coxee ; pro- and mesosterna centrally longitudinally carinate ; abdo- minal basal spine long, almost reaching the anterior coxe ; abdomen distinctly, centrally, longitudinally ridged ; odori- ferous apertures transverse, elongate; legs of moderate length; tarsi three-jointed, the second joint small. Allied to Priassus, Stal, from which it principally differs by the structure of the pronotum, which in Okeanos is shorter, the lateral angles not acutely produced, the anterior angles distinctly acutely prominent, the lateral margins entire, neither crenulate nor serrate. Ss ~~ Okeanos quelpartensis, sp. 0. Purplish brown ; the anterior area of pronotum, apex of scutellum, connexivum, body beneath, and legs ochraceous ; lateral pronotal angles black ; central basal margin of pro- notum, lateral margins of scutellum (not reaching apex), and lateral margins of corium (more or less) resplendent oliva- ceous green ; antenne black, fourth and fifth joimts fuscous, the first joint and bases of fourth and fifth joints ochra- ceous ; head thickly, coarsely, darkly punctate ; pronotum with the anterior pale area moderately punctate, the basal area coarsely punctate and moderately rugulose ; scutellum somewhat sparingly coarsely punctate, on central disk obscure indications of a central longitudinal ridge; corium very thickly and somewhat coarsely punctate ; prosternum finely but distinctly punctate; abdominal spiracles black ; other structural characters as in generic diagnosis. Long. 18 mm.; exp. pronot. ang]. 10 mm. Hab. Corea; Quelpart Island (S. Ichikawa, Brit. Mus.). GUDEA, gen. nov. Head about as long as breadth between outer margins of eyes ; lobes equal in length, but the apices of the lateral lobes obliquely inclined inwardly; lateral margins distinctly sinuate a little in front of eyes, and thence to apex slightly reflexed ; ocelli nearer eyes than to each other ; antennz five-jointed, first joint stout, remaining joints slender, first not reaching apex of head, remaining joints almost subequal in length; pronotum about half as long as broad at base, lateral margins concavely oblique, somewhat coarsely serrate, lateral angles broadly slightly prominent, their apices sub- truncate, anteriorly rounded, posteriorly slightly toothed or angulated, anterior angles distinct, deflected from about middle towards head, anterior margin truncate behind base Mr. W. L. Distant on Pentatomide. 349 of head, posterior margin truncate; scutellum considerably longer than broad at base, the apical area elongately attenuate, the apex subangulate ; corium about as long as scutellum and half of pronotum combined, its inner angle rounded, apical margin oblique, slightly sinuate, apex a little angularly produced ; membrane moderately passing the abdominal apex, the veins longitudinal ; rostrum passing the posterior coxe, first joint not extending beyond buccule, which only extend about two-thirds from apex, second joint passing anterior coxe, third passing intermediate coxe ; pro- and mesosterna centrally, longitudinally, finely carinate, basal abdominal spine or tubercle broad, short, obtuse, not passing the posterior coxe; femora moderately thickened, about equal in length to tibiz, tarsi three-jointed, second joint shortest ; odoriferous apertures shortly transverse, moderately curved, a little longer than first joint of tarsi. Allied to Lelia, Walk., from which it is separated by the short obtuse basal spine or tubercle to the abdomen beneath, &c. Gudea ichikawana, sp. n. Above pale brownish ochraceous, thickly darkly punctate ; antenne ochraceous, base of first joint and apical areas of third, fourth, and fifth jomts more or less piceous ; head thickly darkly punctate, the lateral lobes obliquely trans- versely wrinkled; pronotum thickly darkly punctate, the lateral margins pale stramineous, apices of the lateral angles black ; scutellum a little more sparingly punctate than the corium ; body beneath and legs ochraceous ; apex of rostrum black ; prosternum finely punctate ; structural characters as in generic diagnosis. Long. 20 mm.; exp. pronot. ang]. 115 mm. Hab. Corea; Quelpart Island (8. Ichikawa, Brit. Mus.). Genus J ALLOIDES. Jalloides, Schout. in Wytsm. Gen. Ins. fase, li, p. 41 (1907), Type, J. rubricosus, Stal. Jalloides opulentus, sp. n. Head and pronotum testaceous, apical area of head bluish black ; antennz bluish black; scutellum and corium blue or purplish blue, apex of scutellum testaceous; membrane blackish, the apical margin ochraceous ; connexivum testa- ceous; body beneath and legs ochraceous; disks of meso- 350 Mr. W. L. Distant on Pentatomide. and metasterna, apical segment of abdomen, tibiz, tarsi, and apices of femora, aud apex of rostrum bluish or blackish blue; antenne with the first joint not reaching apex of head, second and fourth and third and fifth joints subequal in length ; head obscurely punctate and wrinkled; pronotum with the lateral angles a little prominent, the lateral margins sinuate, the anterior angles prominent, sparsely and irregu- larly punctate ; scutellum somewhat coarsely punctate, with a more or less distinct longitudinal levigate line ; corium thickly finely punctate, the basal lateral margin testaceous ; rostrum reaching the intermediate coxe. Var, a.—Pronotum with a prominent, central, oblong, bluish-black spot. Var. 6.—Resembling var. a, but pronotum with an addi- tional bluish-black spot on each lateral margin. Long. 11-12 mm. Hab. N. Queensland (Kelsall, Brit. Mus.) ; Cairns (Coll. Dist.) ; near Port Moresby (Coll. Dist.). Differs from J. rubricosus, Stal, apart from colour- markings, by the more elongate form, the less strongly punctured pronotum and scutellum, the more sinuate lateral margins of the pronotum, &c. Jalloides versicolor, sp. n. Head, pronotum, and scutellum ochraceous, thickly some- what darkly punctate; base of head (broadest near eyes), irregular margins of the cicatrices, and two large spots at base of pronotum black; apex of scutellum ivory-white ; corium bluish black, some light suffusions and a large round spot near apex testaceous; membrane blackish, its apex: hyaline and passing the abdominal apex ; body beneath and legs pale ochraceous ; sternum more or less punctured and spotted with black, a large black lateral spot on each abdo- minal segment beneath, and a subapical spot of the same colour; antennz pale ochraceous, apical area of the third and the whole of the fourth and fifth joints black, first joint not reaching apex of head, remaining joints almost subequal in length ; head scarcely punctate except on the dark basal patches near the ocelli ; pronotum and scutellum somewhat sparingly coarsely punctate ; corium more thickly and finely punctate ; anterior femoral spine prominent. Long. 84 mm. Hab. Queensland ; Kuranda (F. P. Dodd, Brit. Mus.). ~ eon er Mr. W. L. Distant on Pentatomide. 351 "Genus CanrHeconivea. Cantheconidea, Schout. in Wytsm, Gen. Ins. fase. lii. p. 44 (1907). Type, C. javana, Dall. Cantheconidea thomsoni, sp. n. Purplish black ; head thickly punctate, the lateral lobes broadly reflexed at their apical areas and apically rounded, a short central longitudinal line at base, a small marginal spot in front of each eye, and a small obscure spot at apex of central lobe ochraceous ; pronotum very coarsely punctate and subrugulose, the anterior lateral margins serrate, the lateral angles shortly produced and recurved, their apices roundly angulate, the anterior lateral margins and nine or ten irregular spots on anterior area ochraceous ; scutellum coarsely punctate, more finely so and with a levigate longi- tudinal space on apical area, a levigate spot near each basal angle, aud the apex ochraceous ; corium thickly, somewhat finely punctate ; membrane bronzy, distinctly passing the abdominal apex ; connexivum ochraceous, punctate, with large blackish spots at the incisures ; body beneath and legs ochraceous; sternum somewhat irregularly spotted and marked with black; abdomen with the spiracles, marginal spots, and some central elongate spots black; apices of * femora, bases and apices of tibiz, and apices of tarsi black ; rostrum reaching the posterior coxe, its apex black; an- tenne black, first joint not reaching apex of head, second, third, and fourth joints subequal in length (fifth mutilated in type). Long., g, 14 mm.; exp. pronot. ang]. 8 mm, Hab. N.E. China ; Shan-hai-kwan (Ff. M. Thomson, Brit. Mus.). ~ Genus Puarynorus. Platynopus, Amy. & Sery. Hist. Hém, p, 79 (1843). Type, P. melanoleucus, Westw. Platynopus turnert, sp. n. Head longer than broad, ochraceous, much mottled with resplendent green, very coarsely punctate, the punctures in somewhat longitudinal series ; antennz brownish ochraceous, third, fourth, and fifth joints (excluding bases) infuscate, first joint short, not reaching apex of head, second and fourth a little longest and subequal in length, third and fifth also ” 352 Mr. W. L. Distant on Pentatomide. subequal; pronotum brownish ochraceous, very coarsely darkly punctate, the lateral margins entire, not crenulate, somewhat broadly pale ochraceous and almost impunctate, the lateral angles black, robust, moderately longly and almost straightly produced, a more or less distinct central longitu- dinal ridge; scutellum brownish ochraceous, coarsely darkly punctate, with a central longitudinal ridge, the apex more or less pale ochraceous and darkly punctate, the apex broad, truncately rounded ; corium brownish ochraceous, thickly but more finely punctate, in some specimens suffused with greenish, the apical margin narrowly pale levigate ; mem- brane bronzy brown, with a large pale spot on the lateral and a smaller spot on the apical margins pale hyaline; body beneath ochraceous, darkly punctate, here and there suffused with greenish, a more or less distinct central longitudinal series of blackish spots to abdomen; legs ochraceous, apices of femora and bases and apices of tibiz more or less brownish, anterior tibiz not dilated with a distinct spine beyond middle, anterior femora with a moderately long spine near apex ; rostrum reaching the posterior coxz. Long., ¢ 2, 9-13 mm.; exp. pronot. ang]. 6-7 mm. Hab. Queensland ; Mackay (R. EL. Turner, Brit. Mus.) ; Townsville (F. P. Dodd, Brit. Mus.). Allied to P. melacanthus, Boisd.; apices of pronotal lateral angles entire, not notched, &c. JANEIRONA, gen. Noy. Subelongate; head longer than broad between eyes, the lateral margins distinctly, somewhat strongly*reflexed, lateral lobes passing the apex of the central lobe but not meeting beyond it, their apices truncate; ocelli near base, a little nearer to eyes than to each other, a distinct spine before eyes on each antenniferous tubercle ; antenne pilose, basal joint elobosely incrassated, slightly shorter than head, but longly passing it, second joint about three times as long as first, considerably longer than third (remaining joints mutilated in typical specimen) ; pronotum about twice as broad at base as long, the anterior angles moderately obtusely trans- versely prominent, lateral margins oblique, lateral angles subpromiment, posterior margin truncate, anterior margin moderately concave; scutellum much longer than broad, the apical third moderately attenuated, the apex subangulate and reaching or slightly passing the inner apical angle of the corium, a little depressed behind middle ;.corium elongate, its apical angle distinctly produced; membrane slightly Mr. W. L. Distant on Pentatomide. 353 passing abdominal apex, the venation longitudinal, with a distinct transverse cell at base ; rostrum reaching the poste- rior coxe, first joint almost reaching base of head, second passing anterior cox, third not quite reaching intermediate coxe; sternum centrally, finely, longitudinally carinate, becoming considerably prominent on the metasternum ; abdomen only moderately convex, spiracles on basal segment exposed, distinctly visible, central base slightly roundly pro- duced, but not reaching posterior cox, apical angles of sixth segment (in ¢) distinctly produced, apical angles of anal segment strongly, broadly, angularly produced, central apical margin of sixth seement truncate ; tarsi three-jointed. By the elongate scutellum this genus should represent a new division among the first four enumerated by Horvath (1900) in his table of divisions in the Tessaratomine Seis the third genus of the subfamily at present recorded from the Neotropical Region. Janeirona insignis, sp. n. Black a spot at lateral angles of pronotum, a transverse spot at base and a small discal spot beyond middle of corium, legs and rostrum ochraceous; basal longitudinal disk of abdomen beneath testaceous; antenne distinctly palely pilose; head more or less transversely wrinkled; ocelli sanguincous ; pronotum and scutellum somewhat thickly finely punctate, the latter with two obscure central longi- tudinal raised lines on the apical area ; corium thickly finely punctate ; all the ochraceous spots impunctate ; body beneath more or less thickly finely punctate; tarsi pale ochraceous, longly pilose; other structural characters as in generic diagnosis. Long., 3,19 mm.; exp. pronot. angl. 8 mm. Hab. Fifty miles west of Rio Janeiro, 1000-1200 feet (Sir Wm. Smith, Brit. Mus.). Genus Mrcymenvum. Megymenum, Laporte, Ess. Hém. p. 52 (1832), Type, M. dentatum, Boisd. Megymenum pratti, sp. un. Fuscous brown, more or less palely pilose ; membrane pale ochraceous; head above concave, before eves with a some- what longly acute lateral spine directed both a little up- wardly and backwardly ; antennez fuscous brown, the apical 354 Mr. W. L. Distant on Pentatomide. joint ochraceous, first joint not reaching apex of head, second longest, third and fourth subequal; pronotum nodulose, a more distinct oblong nodule near centre of anterior margin, anterior angular spines long, curved and slender, lateral margins centrally angulate ; scutellum with a centrally longi- tudinal ridge not reaching apex ; lateral abdominal margins strongly obtusely angularly toothed. Long. 13 mm.; exp. pronot. angl. 7 mm. Hab. Centr. China; Kiukiang (Pratt, Brit. Mus.). Closely allied to M. gracilicornis, Dall., from which it differs by the longer, more slender, and acute anterior pro- notal angles, which in Dallas’s species are shorter, broader, flattened, and with their apices acutely pointed. Genus SasTRAGALA. Sastragala, Amy. & Serv. Hist. Hém, p. 155 (1843). Type, S. uniguttata, Don. Sastragala quinquemaculata, sp. 0. Head and pronotum ochraceous, the latter darkly punc- tate; lateral pronotal angles and the scutellum and corium testaceous; two large spots near base and the apex of scutel- lum, a somewhat oblique spot behind middle, and the costal area to corium ochraceous; membrane pale bronzy sub- hyaline; body beneath ochraceous, abdominal apex purplish red ; antenn ochraceous, basal joint stoutest, a little curved, considerably passing apex of head, second slightly longer than either first or third and subequal to fourth ; head some- what irregularly impressed; pronotum somewhat sparingly but very coarsely punctate, the lateral angles longly pro- duced and recurved ; scutellum more finely punctate, ex- cepting the ochraceous markings, which are impunctate ; corium thickly and more coarsely punctate; membrane passing the abdominal apex ; sternal process elevated, com- pressed, anteriorly extending slightly beyond base of head ; abdomen beneath centrally longitudinally ridged; rostrum about reaching the posterior coxe. Long., ?, 144 mm.; exp. pronot. angl. ]] mm. Hab. Philippine Islands; Irisan, Benquet Prov., Luzon (R. C. McGregor, Brit. Mus.). The longly produced and recurved pronotal angles and the very prominent macular markings render this species easily recognizable. On Heterocera from Costa Rica. 355 XL.— New Species of Heterocera from Costa Rica.—V LI. By W. Scuaus, F.Z.S. Arctiada. Subfamily Nozzaz. Celama carilla, sp. n. Palpi white, fringed in front with light brown. Body white, the abdomen faintly tinged with grey; a small dorsal patch of yellowish scales at base. Fore wings white; a small dark brown spot at base of median and some diffuse hight brown basal scales ; raised tufts in cell light brown ; lines light brown, irrorated with a few dark scales ; ante- medial slightly curved, more heavily darkly scaled above submedian ; medial slightly curved; postmedial outcurved beyond cell, punctiform on veins 2-6; subterminal inset below vein 33; an indistinct marginal line. Hind wings white, tinged with grey, more darkly on outer margin. Expanse 13 mm. Hab. Carillo. Reselia pernitens, sp. n. 6. Palpi brown. Head, collar, and thorax white. Abdo- men light brown, banded with white. Fore wings silvery white; an antemedial spot on costa brown, irrorated with fuscous scales; a medial triangular spot on costa grey-brown, edged inwardly by a black line; smaller spots on costa to apex ; outer margin broadly shaded: with brown from vein 6 to tornus, and irrorated with fuscous and silvery scales. Hind wings white, the veins and outer margin tinged with grey. Eixpanse 14 mm. Hab. Guapiles. Reselia placens, sp. n. 3. Palpi light brown. Head white; a dark brown line across frons, Collar and shoulders buff, edged with brown. Vhorax lilacine white. Abdomen lizht brown; some white at base. Fore wings lilacine white; costal margin and cell anteriorly light brown, suffusing with a large light brown space at end of cell, irrorated with dark brown, and with two dark brown lines on costa above it ; costa terminally grey ; a postmedial grey-brown shade, suffusing with brown space 356 Mr. W. Schaus on at end of cell ; a broad subterminal grey shade, slightly inset at vein 5 and at vein 2; the outer margin thickly irrorated with light brown. Hind wings grey-brown ; an indistinct dark shade on discocellular. Expanse 17 mm. Hab. Tuis. Reselia unilinea, sp. n. 3. Palpi brown, tipped with white. Body white, the abdomen tinged with brown. Fore wings white; a brown and fuscous spot on costa near base ; a medial brown spot on costa, from which a well-marked brown line extends to inner margin, being somewhat oblique and inbent at submedian fold ; some faint brown shades on costa towards apex and along outer margin. Hind wings white, faintly tinged with light brown on outer margin. Eixpanse 15 mm. Hab. Carillo. Reselia sabulosa, sp. n. ¢. Palpi, head, collar, and thorax whitish, thinly irrorated with brown. Abdomen whitish buff. fore wings bufl- brown, irrorated with olive-brown and fuscous scales; a geminate fuscous line on costa near base; a broad medial darker shade across costa and cell, edged with fuscous points ; a geminate postmedial row of fuscous points on veins, in- wardly oblique to submedian fold, then straight; a sub- terminal row of brown streaks on veins; terminal dark clusters of scales on veins. Hind wings dirty white; a dark grey terminal line and a similar spot on discocellular. Expanse 25 mm. flab. Poas, Juan Vinas. Reselia decepta, sp. n. 3. Palpi white, shaded with brown at base. Head and thorax white. Abdomen greyish. J ore wings white ; basal, antemedial, and medial dark grey shades on costa, the last larger and suffusing with fuscous line on discocellular; a faint antemedial line, inwardly oblique from costa; some medial streaks and irrorations below cell ; the postmedial outcurved around cell, fine, punctiform, geminate on inner margin; a. subterminal irregular greyish shade, outwardly oblique from costa, suffusing with terminal greyish shades at tornus; cilia very long, grey. Hind wings whitish grey. Underneath, Heterocera from Costa Rica. 357 the costal margin of hind wings is coarsely irrorated with fuscous grey. Expanse 11 mm. Hab, Guapiles. Subfamily Zrrnosravz. Macroptila monstralis, sp. n. 3. Frons brown. Vertex, collar, and thorax grey. Ab- domen whitish. Legs whitish, the fore tibia above with ridge of long ochreous hairs. Fore wings light grey, be- coming dark grey on inner margin, costal” margin and veins above 3 white; the extreme costa finely ochreous. Hind wings: the inner area broadly white; the costal portion above median light brown ; the outer margin from vein 2 to apex shaded with dark grey; a small spot of androconia in cell at base. Expanse 30 mm. Hab. Sixola. Fore wings with veins 3 and 4 on rather long stalk; 6 from near upper angle of cell; 7-9 stalked; 10 free. Hind wings with 3 and 4 from lower angle; 5 absent or on long stalk with 4; 6 and 7 from upper angle apart ; costal margin straight and with a projecting lobe before apex. Macroptila nubecula, sp. n. 3. Head, collar, and thorax lilacine grey, the frons paler. Abdomen buff-white. Fore wings: costal margin, cell, and from vein 3 to apex silvery white, faintly tinged with buff ; below cell lilacine buff, shading to lilacine grey above and below submedian. Hind wings faintly tinged with buff and shaded with grey at apex; the cell filled with a large patch of dark brown androconia, partly covered by an ‘upturned ridge of long hairs on median vein. Underneath whitish, the costal margins yellowish buff. Hxpanse 32 mm. Hab, Sixola, Tuis, Esperanza. ‘This species will fall into a new section. Fore wing with cell narrow, the median arched ; vein 6 from well below angle of cell; 7-9 stalked; 10 free. Hind wing with a large patch of androconia in cell; veins 3-5 stalked ; veins 6 and 7 stalked, downturned; the costal margin concave before apex. APTILOSIA, gen. nov. Proboscis fully developed. Antenne of male with short 358 Mr. W. Schaus on bristles and minute cilia. Abdomen covered with rough hair. Fore wings broad; vein 2 from beyond middle ; 3 from before angle; 4 and 5 from a point; 6 from near upper angle; 7- 10 stalked ; 11 anastomosing with 12. Hind wings broad ; the costal mar gin arched and oblique on outer half ; apex rounded ; outer margin nearly straight to anal angle ; a Jarge patch of androconia in cell ; vein 2 from beyond middle of cell; 3 from before angle; 4 from angle; 5 from above anele ; 6 and 7 coincident. A ptilosia crocea, sp. n. @. Head and thorax lilacine grey. Abdomen pale yellowish. Fore wings yellowish white; the inner margin broadly lilacine grey, narrowing at tornus. Hind wings pale yellowish, with a ridge of long yellow hairs along median. Expanse 29 mm. Hab. Juan Vinas, Tuis, Guapiles. Agylla erigone, sp. n. 6. Head and thorax dark grey. Abdomen light grey ; buff hairs on anal segment. Fore wings silvery white, pale grey below cell and vein 2, shading to dark grey along inner margin; the costa finely ochreous. Hind wings white. Fore wings underneath grey, shaded with pale buff along costal margin, at end of cell, and slightly below cell. Hind wings underneath white, shaded with grey from apex to vein o. Expanse 40 mm. ?. Fore wings white, the inner margin broadly dark grey. Fore wings underneath grey ; the costal margin except at base white ; a whitish shade at end of cell, extending beyond it, and the postmedial space between veins 2—6 shaded with white. Hind wings below white, with a faint trace of grey at apex. Expanse 44 mm. Hab. Juan Vinas, Volcano Turrialba, 5800 ft. Allied to A. hampsoni, Dogn. Agylla asra, sp. n. ¢- Head and thorax dark grey, abdomen lighter grey. Fore wings grey, darkest along inner margin ; veins except submedian broadly white; a dark grey terminal line; the cilia divided by a dark grey line. Hind wings white at base and along inner margin, otherwise grey; a black spot on Heterocera from Costa Rica. 359 costa near base. Underneath dark grey; the outer half of costa of fore wings shaded with buff; the basal and inner area of hind wings white. Expanse 20 mm. Hab. Sixola. Near A. hampson?, Dogn., Agylla subcinerea, sp. n. g. Head, collar, and thorax brownish grey ; some whitish hairs on basal joint of antenne. Abdomen dark grey above, with lighter grey hairs at base and on terminal segment. Fore wings white ; the basal third of costa finely dark grey, the outer two-thirds finely creamy buff; the inner margin below fold dark grey. Hind wings: the base and inner margin white, otherwise grey; the cilia white. Underneath dark grey ; the inner area of hind wings white; the costal margin of fore wings as above, Expanse 27 mm. ?. Similar to male, but with costa of fore wings white ; the hind wings only tinged with grey at apex. Underneath paler grey, the white on hind wings more extended. Expanse 28 mm. Hab. Tuis, Juan Vinas, Los Bajos. Near A, sancte johannis, Schs. Agylla albivenis, sp. n. g. Palpi dark brown, fringed with whitish. Frons pale buff. Vertex, collar, and ‘thorax dark grey-brown. Abdomen grey above, the lateral tufts and underneath whitish buff. Legs white; fore and hind tibia streaked with dark grey ; fore tibia black, with white rings. Fore wings: the costa with light brown downturned scales, not reaching base ; the cell and veins except submedian white; intervenal spaces light grey, darker between 2 and 4 and at end of cell; the inner margin fuscous grey. Hind wings white; fuscous shadings on costal and outer margin. Underneath, the fore wings fuscous grey, becoming paler on outer margin; the hind wings white, tinged with buff on costa. Expanse 26 mm. ¢. Frons white. Fore wings white, tinged with grey between 2 and 3 near cell; the inner margin dark fuscous grey. Hind wings white ; a few fuscous scales at apex, Expanse 28 mm. Hab. Juan Vinas, Tuis. Section near A. barbieosta, H. 360 Mr. W. Schaus on Agylla peasia, sp. n. 3. Head, collar, and thorax smoky grey ; patagia tipped with white. Abdomen darker grey, with light grey hairs at base; terminal segment light brown. Fore wings silvery white 5 the inner margin smoky grey. Hind wings white, tinged with yellow. Underneath : fore wings fuscous grey ; a white streak below subcostal; the inner margin white. Hind wings white. : Expanse 35 mm. 2. Differs from the male in having the hind wings clearer white; the fore wings underneath whitish grey. Hixpanse 36 mm. Hab. Poas. Near A. sericea, Druce. Agylla abrosa, sp. n. 3d. Frons dark brown. Vertex, collar, thorax, and abdo- men above light greyish brown; abdomen laterally and underneath white. Fore wings silky white; the inner margin narrowly light greyish ‘brown. Hind wings white, rather broad, the outer margin truncate from apex fo vein 2d, then rounded. Fore wings “underneath thickly irrorated with brown, the base of costa darker; the inner margin below submedian whitish buff. Hind wings below with the costa faintly tinged with brown. Expanse 33 mm. Hab. Voleano Turrialba, 5800 ft. Agylla submacula, sp. n do. Head, collar, and thorax dark grey ; patagia outwardly and tipped with white. Abdomen above light grey. Fore wings silvery white; the inner margin below fold brownish grey. Hind wings white, shaded with grey at anal angle. Fore wings below white; the inner margin grey ; a laree postmedial greyish-brown patch from vein 2-11 ; the outer margin tinged with grey-brown. Expanse o7 mm. Hab. Cartago, Juan Vinas, Volcano Turrialba. Belongs to section near A. involuta, Hmpsn. Agylla euscissa, sp. n. Head, collar, and thorax smoky grey, the frons buff. Abdomen. buff. grey. Fore wings narrow terminally, the Fleterocera from Costa Rica. 361 inner margin deeply lobed on basal two-thirds to vein 2, then straight to tornus at vein 3, silvery white; the lobe on inner margin brown-grey ; the costa finely ochreous. Hind wings broad, the outer margin rounded, silvery white; a large yellow patch of androconia at base in cell, covered by lobe of fore wings; some buff shadings below and beyond cell to near apex; a postmedial brown-grey shade above vein 2; the inner margin dull white. Fore wings bclow white; a fuscous streak on base of costa ; a streak of cinnamon-brown androconia below cell; the medial space roughly scaled, yellow ; the outer margin suffused with light brownish grey. Hind wings below black-brown ; some ochreous shadings at base ; the inner margin white; the outer margin above vein 3 shaded with white. Expanse 35 mm. Hab. Juan Vinas, Sixola. Belongs to a new section near A. argentea, Wlk. Balbura fasciata, sp. n. Body black ; the patagia roseate. Fore wings light buff- brown; the submedian fold, costa, and inner margin finely black ; some roseate at base, limited by a black shade; a fuscous streak on costal margin and one in cell suffusing at end of cell with a broad, transverse, medial, fuscous shade, which extends from costal to inner margins; long terminal black intervenal streaks between veins 3-7, the streak between 5 and 6 extending from cell; cilia black. Hind wings dark brown. Underneath dark brown. Expanse 34 mm. Hab. Guapiles, Sixola. Differs from typical Balbura in having, on hind wings, veins 4 and 5 trom lower angle, and 6 and 7 from upper angle of cell. Balbura intervenata, sp. n. 3d. Head, collar, and abdomen black. Thorax red; the patagia fringed with black outwardly. Fore wings fuscous brown; the inner margin broadly black; terminal black streaks between the veins, the streak between 5 and 6 from within cell. Hind wings black ; the cell, below and beyond it semihyaline. Expanse 27 mm. Hab. Sixola. In this species veins 4 and 5 on hind wings are from lower angle of cell. Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. vii. 24 362 Mr. W. Schaus on DOLICHESIA, gen. nov. Proboscis well developed. Palpi porrect, reaching beyond frons; female antenna flattened, laminate. Hind tibia with the medial spur absent. Fore wing long and narrow, the costa arched and falcate; vein 2 from middle of cell; 3 from well before angle; 5 from a little above 4; 6 from upper angle; 7, 8,9 stalked ; 7 from beyond 9; 10 ‘free ; 11 anas- tomosing with 12. Hind wings: vein 5 absent ; 6 and 7 coincident. Near Hudoliche, Mésch. Dolichesia falsimonia, sp. n. Head and thorax grey-brown, Abdomen roseate. Thorax below white ; legs grey-brown. Fore wings grey-brown ; a pale greyish medial shade from costa incurved to inner margin near base, followed by a dark brown oblique streak from cell to inner margin; a similar postmedial oblique streak from vein 4 to inner margin; a light reddish-brown terminal line from costa before apex to vein 4; terminal black spots from below apex to tornus, where they suffuse and extend on to cilia; cilia white except at apex, where they are black. Hind wings roseate; the outer margin broadly black, narrowing at anal angle. Fore wings below fuscous; the inner margin grey ; some roseate postmedially at submedian. Hind wings underneath as above, with the costa narrowly black. Expanse 16 mm. Hab. Sixola. Cloésia digna, sp. n. Body and fore wings above dark metallic blue. Hind wings fuscous brown, thinly scaled; dark metallic blue streaks on inner margin, along vein 2, and on outer margin below apex. Expanse 28 mm. Hab. Sixola. Allied to C. parthia, Druce. Thyone grisescens, sp. n. Body and wings violaceous grey, the hind wingsand abdo- men slightly darker than the thorax and fore wings. Expanse 22 mm. Hab. Juan Vinas, Tuis, Guapiles. Allied to 7. muricolor, Schs. Eeterocera from Costa Rica. 363 Afrida parvula, sp. n. Head, collar, and thorax lilacine buff, the vertex tinged with light brown. Abdomen buff-brown. Fore wings greyish buff; a broad curved antemedial black shade, not reaching inner margin; a broad dark grey medial shade, edged by black lines, tinged with brown, and crossed by a fine black line, the outer edge incurved, and followed by a black point on discocellular; some marginal light brown shadings and terminal dark points. Hind wings suffused with fuscous, darkest terminally ; a dark discal point. Expanse 14 mm. Hab. Tuis, Juan Vinas, Chrysochlorosia magnifica, sp. n. $. Body dark metallic bluish green. Fore wings dark green ; the outer margin and cilia deep blue or black according to the light. Hind wings black; the cilia dark metallic green. Underneath, the wings are dark bluish green, some- what metallic. Eixpanse 22 mm. Hab. Sixola. Near C. splendida, Druce. Odozana sixola, sp. n. dg. Head and collar black. Thorax and abdomen above crimson ; abdomen ventrally black. Fore wings blackish brown, with fine slightly iridescent strize. Hind wings black, the inne: margin from within cell to near angle crimson. Underneath dull dark brown ; the inner margin of fore wings with light brown hairs; the crimson patch on hind wings as above. Expanse 18 mm. Hab. Banana River, Sixola. Allied to O. methemata, Hmpsn. Odozana inconspicua, sp. n. @. Head, collar, and wings dark brown; the fore wings with iridescent striz. Thorax and basal tufts on abdomen crimson ; abdomen otherwise black. Expanse 17 mm. Hab. Sixola. 94% 364 Mr. W. Schaus on Odozana decepta, sp. 0. 3. Head and collar blue-black, Thorax and fore wings dark brown, with iridescent strie. Abdomen brown at base, otherwise crimson above, black ventrally. Hind wings dull - dark brown. Expanse 19 mm. Hab. Sixola. Metalobosia ducalis, sp. n. 3d. Head, collar, thorax, and fore wings dark metallic green. Abdomen crimson; brown hairs at base; terminal segment black; lateral whitish tufts. Thorax below and legs metallic blue-black ; hind tibia with long crimson tufts. Hind wings crimson; the apex black, narrowing towards ~ vein 3. Expanse 18 mm. Hab. Juan Vinas. Belongs to new section: the inner margin of fore wings evenly curved; the hind wings broad, truncate towards anal angle, which is slightly produced; a broad fold on inner margin, containing a tuft of yellow scales at anal angle. ve " 7 Nodozana piciurata, sp. n. j Head and thorax white. Abdomen pale yellowish. Fore wings: the base, basal half of costal margin, and apex white, otherwise pale yellow; a faint antemedial curved orange line ; a large orange spot medially from cell to inner margin; a postmedial fine orange line from costa to vein 53; a sub- terminal orange line touching outer margin at vein 4, then inbent, followed by an oblique greyish shade from costa to vein 3 ; cilia grey. Hind wings pale yellowish. Underneath a broad grey shade along costal margin of fore wings, curving before apex. Expanse 13 mm. Hab. Sixola. Near N. pyrophora, Umpsn. Lycomorphodes correbioides, sp. 0. &. Head ochreous, some fuscous on frons; collar and thorax ochreous, crossed by a black line outwardly. Abdo- men fuscous; anal tufts ochreous. Fore wings ochreous; a broad medial fuscous shade, except on median vein and sub- median fold; the termen broadly fuscous above vein 3, more fleterocera from Costa Rica. 365 narrowly so below 3. Hind wings fuscous; the costal margin ochreous, not reaching apex. Expanse 16 mm. ?. Differs in having the black markings more reduced. Expanse 18 mm. Hab. Sixola, Tuis. Veins 3-5 on fore wings stalked; fore tibia of male without tuft of hair. Talara cara, sp. n. Head ochreous; collar and thorax reddish ochreous. Abdomen black; some reddish-ochreous hairs at base dorsally. Fore wings ochreous, tinged with red except on costal margin; the outer margin broadly black from apex to submedian. Hind wings black, the base shaded with roseate. Underneath the black more extended, leaving a reddish space on less than basal half of wings, which is, however, some- what produced on costal margin of fore wings ; the inner margin of fore wings yellowish. ixpanse 16 mm. Hab. Sixola. Talara lepida, sp. n. g. Head, collar, thorax, and fore wings grey, finely irrorated with darker scales. Abdomen crimson above ; underneath black, banded with roseate. Hind wings crim- son; the apex broadly black, narrowing to before anal angle. Expanse 13 mm. Hab. Sixola. Talara esperanza, sp. n. Head, thorax, and anal hairs reddish. Abdomen pale roseate buff. Legs red, tarsi ringed with black. Fore wings yellowish ; the veins and submedian fold broadly reddish; a fine black medial line, outcurved through cell, inwardly angled at fold and outwardly at submedian vein, preceded by black irrorations in cell and antemedially above and below submedian fold; the postmedial black line outcurved, in- wardly angled on fold, followed by black irrorations; cilia luteous. Hind wings rosea: ; cilia luteous. Expanse 12 mm. Hab. Esperanza, Tuis, Sixola, Guapiles. Near 7. ditis, Butl. 366 Mr. W. Schaus on Talara rubida, sp. n. Head, collar, thorax, base of abdomen, and fore wings red ; abdomen otherwise and hind wing black; some red at base of hind wings. Legs black; tarsi roseate white at base. Wings underneath: fore wings roseate, with a large fuscous patch on outer half, not extending above vein 8 nor quite reaching inner margin; hind wings roseate at base, otherwise black. Expanse 17 mm. Hab. Juan Vinas, Tuis. Near 7’. coccinea, Butl. Paratalara commixta, sp. n. 6. Head and collar white. Abdomen above brown, underneath and anal hairs whitish buff. Fore wings: basal third whitish buff; an antemedial dark grey spot in cell and a larger similar spot on inner margin, the two connected by greyish irrorations; a grey streak on costa above cell-spot ; medial space buff-brown below subcostal, greyish above it, limited outwardly by a dark brown line, angled and incurved below vein 4; a fine dark brown line above vein 2, and another below vein 3; a cluster of dark scales at end of cell and just beyond it; outer space white; a large cluster of brown scales between 2 and 8 and a smaller cluster between 4 and 6. Hind wings white; a small spot of black andro- conia in end of cell, edged with grey; the inner margin tinged with buff; some buff scales on outer margin. Fore wings below with a patch of coarse scales at and above end of cell anteriorly. Expanse 16 mm. Hab, La Florida. Clemensta mucida, sp. n. 6. Palpi brown. Body dark grey. Fore wings greyish white, thinly irrorated with brown along margins; a fuscous brown basal line not reaching inner margin; a heavier ante- medial line, faintly curved, interrupted above and below submedian ; a broad postmedial brown shade outwardly shaded with fuscous brown, rather broadly from vein 2 to inner margin, and containing a black oblique streak on disco- cellular ; a subterminal brown shade on costa and between 4 and 6; terminal brown points extending on cilia. Hind wings grey. Underneath grey, with indistinct discoidal spots. Fleterocera from Costa Rica. 367 Expanse 15 mm. Hab. Juan Vinas, ° Would follow C. parapatella, Dogn., in Sir George Hampson’s Catalogue. Clemensia cincinnata, sp. n. 3. Palpi and abdomen dark brown. Head, collar, and thorax grey-brown mottled with white. Fore wings greyish white, irrorated with brown and fuscous and shaded with dark grey and brown except at base and on outer margin; a fine black basal line ; a broad fuscous-brown antemedial curved line; a black streak on discocellular ; medial and subterminal black spots on costa; three medial black points on submedian ; terminal brown points ; cilia white, spotted with brown at vein 4 and apex. Hind wings: costa silvery white; cell pale yellow ; inner area and outer margin broadly dark grey, narrowing at apex. Fore wings below: base of cell with upturned silvery scales, downturned at middle of cell; a patch of brown androconia above submedian and long yellowish hairs, Eixpanse 21 mm. ?. Anal hairs of abdomen whitish. Fore wings whiter ; the antemedial followed by a fine line; an ochreous shade medially above submedian; a medial and a postmedial brown line. Hind wings fuscous grey. Hixpanse 18 mm. Hed, Juan Vinas. Clemensta leopardina, sp. n. Palpi black. Head, collar, and thorax light grey; four black spots on metathorax. Abdomen dark grey ; anal hairs bufi-brown. Fore wings light grey, a basal black spot on costa and one on inner margin; a subbasal spot on costa, one below cell, and a short streak below submedian ; an ante- medial row of spots on costa, subcostal, below cell, and on submedian ; a spot on inner margin nearer base and one on submedian fold at origin of ochreous streak which extends to a subterminal spot above inner margin; a spot in middle of cell, followed by a medial row of small spots almost coalescing ; a large spot at end of cell ; a postmnedial row of streaks inset below vein 3 and replaced by spots on submedian and inner margin ; subterminal large spots on costa, between 4 and 6, and on inner margin; terminal black points ; cilia spotted with fuscous at vein 4 and at apex. Hind wings whitish ; the outer margin irregularly dark grey. 368 Mr. W. Scliaus on Expanse 22 mm. Hab. Sixola. Allied to C. ophrydina, Dr. ANAULOSIA, gen. nov. Proboscis fully developed ; palpi upturned ; anal segment tufted. Fore wings: apex acute; outer margin excised below apex and above tornus; vein 2 from just beyond middle of cell ; 3 from well before angle; 4and 5 from lower angle; 6 from just below upper angle; 7, 8, 9 on long stalk; 10 and 11 free. Hind wing with vein 2 from near angle ; 3 and 4 coincident ; 5 from well above angle ; 6 and7 on very long stalk ; 8 from middle of cell. Anaulosia impolita, sp. n. Head, collar, thorax, and fore wings dull leaden brown. Abdomen and hind wings dull dark brown. Fore wings: a faint postmedial whitish line from costa, outwardly oblique ; some postmedial, inwardly oblique, faint whitish spots from vein 4; a terminal whitish shade, interrupted between 4 and 5; cilia greyish buff from vein 3 to tornus, otherwise black, tipped with greyish buff just below apex. Eixpanse 15 mm. . Hab. Guapiles. Diarhabdosia coroides, sp. n. g. Frons and metathorax dark grey. Vertex and collar buff-white, the latter edged behind with roseate. Meso- thorax roseate, the patagia buff-white, tipped with dark grey. Abdomen whitish yellow. Fore wings dark lilacine grey ; the costal margin except at base, the inner margin broadly, a streak through cell to outer margin, and cilia whitish yellow. Hind wings smoky grey ; the costal, inner margin, and cilia whitish yellow. Underneath the fore wings are more fuscous grey, the streak in cell very fine and not reaching outer margin ; the hind wings whitish yellow, suffused with grey at apex. Hixpanse 18 mm. @. Similar to male, but hind wings above and below dark grey, the costal margin and cilia whitish. Expanse 20 mm. Hab. Guapiles, Tuis, Sixola. Allied to D. cora, Dyar. Fleterocera from Costa Rica, 369 Diarhabdosia melinda, sp. n. 3d. Head whitish; a dark grey spot between antenne. Collar whitish, edged behind with roseate. Thorax roseate. Abdomen yellowish white; a transverse dark grey line on last segment. Fore wings whitish yellow ; a lilacine grey shade at end of cell, expanding towards costa, and continuing towards apex, where it is upturned and ends in a dark point on costa; a broad similar shade below cell and to outer margin, terminating in a darker point; the base of inner margin shaded with lilacine grey. Hind wings still paler; a dark terminal shade from vein 4 to apex ; a dark terminal point below vein 2. Underneath whitish ; the dark shades on fore wings not reaching base and more pronounced ; the shade at apex of hind wings somewhat reduced. Expanse 20 mm. Hab. Banana River. Allied to D. mandana, Dyar. Metallosia nitens, sp. n. ?. Head, collar, and thorax dark golden green. Abdomen black, shot with dark green terminally. Legs shaded with dark metallic green. Fore wings golden green; a fuscous streak below cell and vein 2. Hind wings black. Expanse 17 mm. Hab. Sixola, Lasiocampida. Lebeda angustipennis, sp. n. 3. Head violaceous brown, thinly irrorated with ochreous- brown hairs. Collar and thorax ochreous brown, irrorated with violaceous brown. Abdomen brown, darkest dorsally, slightly tinged with violaceous. fore wings dark violaceous brown, irrorated with ochreous-brown scales; an ochreous point at end of cell; traces of duller antemedial, medial, and postmedial shades, all very indistinct; cilia deep reddish brown. Hind wings dull dark brown, only the costal margin irrorated with ochreous brown. The fore wings long and narrow, the outer margin very oblique. Hind wings with the costal margin deeply excised. Jixpanse 78 mm. Hab. 'Tuis. 370 Mr. W. Schaus on Metanastria rufescens, sp. n. Palpi violaceous brown, irrorated with buff above. Head and collar greyish, the base of the scales brown. Thorax and abdomen reddish brown; some greyish-buff hairs ter- minally on abdomen. Fore wings reddish brown, darkest medially and on outer margin ; some ochreous shading at base of inner margin; a broad antemedial space crossed on either side by ochreous-buff lines and slightly irrorated with ochreous buff ; a white point in cell, followed by a long fuscous shade reaching subterminal spots; the postmedial space broad, ochreous buff, crossed by two reddish-brown lines ; subterminal ochreous-buff blotches spotted with black between 7 and 9 and above and below vein 23; the outer margin slightly tinged with violaceous. Hind wings reddish brown; the cilia tipped with white. ixpanse 75 mm. Hab. Juan Vinas, Tuis. Metanastria antonia, sp. n. 3. Palpi violaceous brown, tipped with buff. Head, collar, and thorax light brown, the scales tipped with buff. Abdomen brown. Fore wings brown, thickly irrorated with buff; the lines buff, outwardly edged with darker brown except the medial line, which is inwardly so shaded ; basal line straight at some distance from base; antemedial straight, followed in cell by a white point; medial and postmedial lines faintly curved on costa and inwardly oblique, parallel ; irregular subterminal darker shadings, hardly discernible, and two black spots near tornus. Hind wings violaceous brown. Hixpanse 69-74 mm. Hab. Juan Vinas, Tuis, Cariblanco. Metanastria tremula, sp. n. Head and thorax brown, tinged with lilacine, the scales tipped with buff. Abdomen reddish brown. Fore wings: base to medial space brown, thickly irrorated with buff, crossed by an antemedial, finely wavy, fuscous line ; medial space dark brown, narrowing on inner margin, edged bya finely dentate buff line, and containing a white point in cell ; space beyond to subterminal spots rather paler than basal area and crossed by an indistinct buff line, also finely dentate, curved on costa and inwardly oblique to inner margin; an Fleterocera from Costa Rica. 371 irregular row of subterminal black spots, beyond which the outer margin is shaded with drab. Hind wings dark brown ; the costal margin similar to postmedial space of fore wings ; a medial and a postmedial faint buff shade. Eixpanse 76 mm. flab. Tuis, Juan Vinas. Metanastria vibrans, sp. n. Palpi violaceous brown. Head, collar, and thorax brown, irrorated with whitish buff. Abdomen above brown. Fore wings brown, tinged with violaceous, the medial space darkest ; the lines fine, dentate on costal margin, finely wavy across wing ; the basal line remote from base, upright ; the antemedial slightly oblique, incurved between vein 2 and submedian, closely followed in cell by a white point; the medial line slightly oblique, outcurved between 2 and sub- median ; the postmedial curved on costal margin, parallel to medial line; an irregular row of subterminal buff spots, each containing a cluster of black scales. Hind wings rich brown. Eixpanse 70 mm, flab. El Sitio, Cariblanco. Claphe inflata, sp. n. ¢. Body and wings buff-brown. Abdomen with violaceous- brown tufts dorsally, except on first segment; anal hairs very long, tipped with reddish brown. Fore wings: an antemedial fuscous shade on costa, crossed by an oblique pale buffish line to inner margin, where it is outeurved and upbent to vein 8, then fainter and lunular to vein 6, enclosing be- tween vein 3 and inner margin a dark reddish-brown space, crossed by vein 2 and submedian, which are buff; medial space between the lines from vein 3 to 6 and subcostal shaded with grey and crossed on discocellular by a rather heavy dark reddish-brown streak; a subterminal series of spots, almost coalescent, and indicated by their slightly paler edging, ending above vein 8 in dark reddish-brown spots ; terminal lunular whitish streaks between the veins, outwardly finely edged with darker brown. Hind wings rather darker, except on outer margin ; a terminal brown line, inwardly edged with buff. Expanse 35 mm. Hab. Sixola. Ss ~i bo On Heterocera from Costa Rica. Claphe caramina, sp. n. Head and thorax ochreous brown; a darker tuft on meta- thorax. Abdomen ochreous dorsally, yellowish laterally. Fore wings: costa finely ochreous brown; anterior space above median and vein 4 smoky grey, below median and vein 4 ochreous brown, irrorated with white, chiefly on grey portion ; a fine medial and postmedial brown line; a sub- terminal whitish line incurved between 7 and 4, where it is followed by a curved ochreous-red spot; a terminal whitish line similarly incurved, leaving a brown space on margin between 7 and 4; the veins at apex whitish; two black points on discocellular, Hind wings yellowish ; a fuscous- grey geminate shade at apex. Expanse 25 mm. 2. Buff-brown, darkest on terminal half ; subterminal line wavy, indistinct. Hind wings outwardly shaded with brown and crossed by a paler subterminal shade; other markings as in male. Expanse 29 mm. Hab. Juan Vinas, Tuis. Allied to C. ocruma, Schs. Ocha casada, sp. n. 3. Head and thorax lilacine buff. Abdomen yellowish. Fore wings yellowish, shaded with lilacine buff above median to postmedial line and on outer margin; some reddish-brown shading at base; basal half of cell dark brown ; a whitish basal line; an antemedial fine brown line, forming an out- ward curve on costal margin and below cell, inwardly angled above inner margin; two black points on discocellular; a medial line outcurved between 9 and 5, dark brown, becoming paler towards inner margin and on costa, outbent below vein 2; postmedial line close to medial to vein 6, then straighter to inner margin, pale yellow indicated by the darker shadings on either side; a dark brown shade between 5 and 6 to subterminal, and a clear yellow space above it to vein 8; subterminal outcurved below costa, inwardly shaded with brown, and dark brown between 6 and 8, irregular below 6, indicated by the lilacine buff shade it crosses ; cilia with dark points between the veins. Hind wings pale yellow; three brown lines on costa towards apex. Expanse 24 mm. Hab. Juan Vinas, Sixola, Guapiles. On new Freshwater Fishes from Portuguese Guinea. 373 XLI.—Deseriptions of new Freshwater Fishes discovered by Dr. W. J. Ansorge in Portuguese Guinea. By G. A. BouLenGcerR, F.R.S. (Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) REPRESENTATIVES of the following six new species form part of a large collection made at or near Batata by Dr. Ansorge, and sent by him to the British Museum. Some specimens are from the Geba River, others from the Culufi River, an affluent of the Geba. Petersius septentrionalis. Depth of body equal to length of head, 34 to 32 times in total length. Head twice as long as broad, longer than deep ; lower jaw projecting slightly beyond snout; snout shorter than eye, which is 2} times in length of head and exceeds interorbital width ; maxillary extending to below anterior border of eye ; outer premaxillary teeth 4, alternating with those of the inner row, 8 in number; 8 teeth in lower jaw. Gill-rakers moderately long, 12 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal IL 7, originating above ventral, at equal distance from centre of eye and from root of caudal. Adipose fin very small. Anal III 13-14. Pectoral nearly as long as head, not quite reaching ventral. Caudal deeply forked. Caudal peduncle a little longer thandeep. Scales 25-26 a or 14 between lateral line and ventral. Silvery, finely speckled with brown on the back; a blackish lateral band ; fins white. Total length 45 mm. Several specimens trom the Geba and Culufi Rivers. The northernmost species of the genus. Distinguished from all the species with alternating preemaxillary teeth and a complete lateral line by the low number of scales in the lateral line. Distichodus ansorgit. Depth of body 32 to 4} times in total length, length of head 43 to 5 times. Head longer than deep; snout rounded, not compressed, projecting very slightly beyond mouth, shorter than eye, which is 23 to 22 times in length of head and equals interorbital width ; maxillary extending to below nostrils; teeth in a single series, 20 or 22 in each jaw. 374 Mr. G. A. Boulenger on new Dorsal 17-19 (4 unbranched), equally distant from occiput and from caudal, its base equal to its distance from adipose fin, which is not scaly. Anal 11-12 (3-4 unbranched), its base much shorter than that of dorsal. Pectoral about 2 length of head. Caudal deeply forked, lobes pointed. Caudal peduncle as long as deep or a little longer than deep. Scales 55-62 aoe 4-6 between lateral line and root of ventral. Yellow, speckled with brown above the lateral line, silvery white below; a more or less distinct blackish band may be present along the lateral line ; dorsal and caudal fins lemon-yellow, the former with a black spot in the upper third of its anterior part. Total length 70 mm. Many specimens were obtained in the Geba and Culufi Rivers. A very distinct species, the smallest and most slender of the genus, further remarkable for the absence of scales on the adipose dorsal fin. Nannocharax ansorgit. Depth of body 3% to 44 times in total length, length of head 3} to 32? times. Head deeper than broad; snout as long as or a little shorter than eye, which is 3 to 33 times in length of head and equals interorbital width. Dorsal III 9-10, originating a little in front of base of ventral, situated at equal distance from centre of eye and from root of caudal, longest ray a little shorter than head. Anal III 7-8. Pec- toral 3 to # length of head, not reaching root of ventral, Caudal forked, with pointed lobes. Caudal peduncle 14 times as long as deep. Scales 40-45 i, 4—41 between lateral line and ventral. Back straw-yellow, with numerous fine dark longitudinal lines ; a lateral series of large black spots on the Jateral line, usually confluent into a broad band terminating on the caudal fin; bases of dorsal, ventral, and caudal fins pale orange. Total length 43 mm. Several specimens from the Geba and Culufi Rivers. Allied to NV. tenia, Blgr., and WV. dimidiatus, Pellegr. Barbus macrops. Depth of body equal to length of head, 34 to 33 times in total length. Snout rounded, much shorter than eye, which is 24 to 22 times in length of head; interorbital width 22 Freshwater Fishes from Portuguese Guinea. 375 to 3 times in length of head; mouth subinferior; lips moderately developed ; two barbels on each side, anterior 4, posterior 4 diameter of eye. Dorsal III 8, equally distant from centre of eye and from base of caudal, border feebly concave; last simple ray not enlarged, as long as head. Anal III 5, not reaching caudal. Pectoral 2 to # length of head, not quite reaching ventral; base of latter below ante- rior rays of dorsal. Caudal peduncle 14 to 1} times as long as deep. Ncales radiately striated, 23-25 5 2-21 between lateral line and ventral, 12 round caudal peduncle. Yellow above, silvery below, scales on back and sides finely speckled with brown, with a more or less distinct dark brown spot at the base; a black straight lateral band from the end of the snout, through the eye, to the base of the caudal ; fins yellow, dorsal and caudal orange at the base ; a blackish spot at the end of the longest rays of the dorsal. Total length 65 millim. Numerous specimens from the Geba and Culufi Rivers. Near B. ablabes, Blkr. Distinguished by the much larger eye. Synodontis ansorgit. Depth of body 3 to 3} times in total length, length of head 32 to 4 times. Head a little longer than broad, granulate above from between the eyes ; snout rounded, as long as post- ocular part of head; eye supero-lateral, 834 (young) to 44 times in length of head, 13 to 12 times in interorbital width ; lips moderately developed ; preemaxillary teeth forming a short and very broad band; movable mandibular teeth }to 3 diameter of eye, 60 to 80 (50 in young) in number. Maxillary barbel with a broad marginal membrane in its basal third, 1 to 1} times length of head, reaching between anterior fourth and posterior third of pectoral spine; outer mandibular barbel 14 to 2 times as long as inner, former with long slender branches, latter with tubercular ramifications. Gill-opening not extending downwards beyond root of pectoral spine. Occipito-nuchal shield granulate like the occiput, obtusely tectiform, 14 to 12 times as long as broad, posterior processes rounded or obliquely truncate. Humeral process much longer than broad, granulate, not keeled, obtusely pointed, extending as far or not quite so far as occipito-nuchal process. Dorsal 17; spine nearly straight, as long as or longer than head, not serrated, terminating ina long filament. Adipose dorsal 2 to 3 times as long as deep, 23 to 3 times as long as its distance from rayed dorsal. Anal IV-V 7-8, rounded. 376 On new Freshwater Fishes from Portuguese Guinea. Pectoral spine as long as or slightly longer than head, strongly serrated on both sides. Ventral reaching origin of anal or a little beyond. Caudal deeply notched, upper lobe the longer. Caudal peduncle as long as deep or a little deeper than long. Dark brown above and below, head, body, and dorsal fins with numerous round black spots. Young paler brown, with larger and fewer black spots ; fins whitish, with large black spots forming cross-bars on the anal and caudal. Total length 235 mm. Numerous specimens from the Geba and Culufi Rivers. This species, which may be placed near S. nigrita, C.& V., and melanopterus, Blgr., is very distinct from any previously described. Tilapia ansorgiv. Depth of body twice in total length, length of head 3 times. Head 13 times as long as broad, upper profile slightly con- cave; snout as long as broad, 1§ times as long as eye in adult, as long as eye in young; eye 3 (young) to 4 times in length of head, 1 to 1? times in interorbital width, equal to depth of preorbital ; mouth extending to between nostril and eye, extremity of maxillary exposed ; outer teeth in both jaws large, obtusely bilobed, 20 (young) to 38 in upper jaw, followed after a wide interspace by a few minute tricuspid teeth arranged in 2 or 3 transverse series; 5 or 6 series of scales on the cheek, the vertical diameter of the scaly part below the eye equal to diameter of latter. Gill-rakers rather short, the larger anvil-shaped, 11 or 12 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XIV—XV 14-15 ; spines increasing in length to the last, which measures } to 3 length of head ; longest soft ray ? to 2 length of head. Anal III 10-11; third spine longest, stronger but shorter than longest dorsal. Pectoral a little shorter than head, not reaching vertical of origin of anal. Ventral produced into a long filament, reaching origin of anal or beyond. Caudal rounded, scaly all overin the adult. Caudal peduncle deeperthan long. Scales not or but very feebly denticulate, 30-32 2733 ; lat. 1. 7222 Grey or brown, with seven or eight broad black vertical bars descending to the mid-ventral line, the first passing through the eye, the last on the caudal peduncle ; pectoral greyish, other fins blackish. Total length 210 mm. Several specimens from the Geba and Culufi Rivers. Mr. G. A. Boulenger on new Fishes. out XLII.— Description of a new Cichlid Fish frem Mashonaland. By G. A. BouLencer, F.R.S. (Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) Pelmatochromis darlingt. Depth of body equal to length of head, 24 times in total length. Head 2} times as long as broad ; snout as long as broad, with slightly convex upper profile, a little longer than eye, which is 33 times in length of head and slightly exceeds interorbital width or least depth of preorbital; jaws equal in front ; mouth extending to below anterior border of eye ; 3 series of teeth in each jaw, outer rather large; 4 series of scales on the cheek, the depth of the scaly part below the eye slightly less than diameter of eye. Gill-rakers very short, 9 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XV 11; spines increasing in length to the last, which measures } length of head ; longest soft ray 2 length of head. Anal [II 8; third spine longest, stronger but a little shorter than last dorsal. Pectoral pointed, a little shorter than head, reaching vertical of origin of anal. Ventral extending a little beyond origin of anal. Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle a little longer thandeep. Scales very feebly denticulate, 32 = ; lateral lines *. Brownish above, whitish beneath, with seven very in- distinct darker cross-bars ; a dark bar below anterior third of eye; dorsal fin with round dark brown spots. Total length 110 mm. A single specimen from the Makabusi River (Zambesi System) near Salisbury, Mashonaland, presented to the British\ Museum by Mr. J. ff. Darling. Allied\to P. welwitschii, Blgv. XLI.—Deseription of a new Fish of the Genus Polypterus from Liberia. By G. A. BouLencer, F.R.S. (Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) Polypterus lower. Body subcylindrical. Head 13 to 1? times as long as broad, 6 times in total length, with lateral eyes and convex Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. vii. 25 378 Mr. O. Thomas on interorbital region ; snout projecting beyond lower jaw; eye 7 to 9 times in length of head, 2 to 24 times in interorbital width ; head-shields all paired ; suboperculum a little smaller than eye. Dorsal with VII-VIII spines, anterior widely separated when folded. Anal12-13. Pectoral widely sepa- rated from first dorsal spine. 56-59 scales in a longitudinal series, 30-33 between occiput and first dorsal spine, 36-38 round middle of body. Dark olive above, yellow beneath, back and sides spotted or marbled with blackish ; no large black spot on the muscular part of the pectoral fin. Four specimens, measuring from 137 to 223 mm., were obtained by Mr. Willoughby P. Lowe at Nanna Kru, Liberian coast, in January 1911. P. lowei is intermediate between P. palmas, Ayres (buett?- kofert, Stdr.), and P. retropinnis, Vaill. It is readily distin- guished from the first by the smaller eye and the higher number of scales between occiput and dorsal fin (30-33 instead of 23-26), from the second by the lower number of these scales and by the absence of a large black spot on the muscular part of the pectoral fin. Besides, the snout of this fish is broader than in either of the two species with which it should be compared. XLIV.—On new African Muride. By OLpFie_p THOMAS. (Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) Gnomys ornatus, sp. n. A small species, with a maximum development of the bright coloration typical of the genus. Size only about two-thirds that of Gi. hypowanthus. Fur of medium texture; hairs of back about 11 mm., the longer bristles attaining 16 mm. General style of coloration like that of hypowanthus, but the yellowish and reddish markings especially bright. Upper surface of body “raw umber,” paling on sides to near “tawny olive.” Under surface white (to roots of hairs) on throat, chest, and inguinal region; belly washed with clear buff; a broad line of bright “ buff” edging the body-colour on sides. Muzzle, including eye-rings, “tawny ochraceous.” ars deep tawny. Hands and feet tawny ochraceous ; wrists, lower legs, and ankles rich buff or new African Muride. 379 ochraceous buff in continuation with the buffy line on the sides. Hairs round base of tail with bright buffy ends. Tail practically naked, dark brown, scarcely lighter below. Skull conspicuously smaller than that of G. hypoxanthus. Cranial ridges less strongly developed. Supraorbital ridges more divergent posteriorly. Palatal foramina broad in front, strongly narrowed behind. Palate between molars very narrow. ‘Teeth essentially as in GQ. hypoxanthus. Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :— Head and body 112 mm. ; tail 157 ; hind foot 29; ear 17. Skull: greatest length 30°5 ; basilar length 23°6; greatest breadth 15°3 ; nasals 11°6 ; interorbital breadth 4°8; pala- tilar length 13; palatal foramina 5:1; breadth of palate between m* 1°8 ; upper molar series 6°6. Hab. Bibianaha, near Dunkwa, Gold Coast. Alt. 700’. Type. Young adult female. B.M. no. 11. 2. 14. 9. Original number 58. Collected 12th Jan., 1911, and pre- sented by Dr. H. G. F. Spurrell. Two young specimens also sent. This beautiful species presents the extreme of a type of colouring found in several different parts of the world—for instance, in S. America, in Peramys (scalops &c.) and in Akodon (bacchante &c.). In Africa all the members of nomys show something of it, the different subspecies being characterized by its degree of intensity. The young specimens of C4, ornatus are even more vividly coloured than the adult, the ears especially standing out in marked contrast to the rest of the head. As a species Gi. ornatus is at once separable from the Western Gi. hypoxanthus, and in a less degree from the Eastern Gi. bacchante, by its much smaller skull and teeth, though the hind foot is of nearly equal length to that of the latter. The opposite extreme of the Gnomys coloration is pre- sented by the following :— Gnomys bacchante m@rens, subsp. n. An Cnomys almost without buffy markings, the belly suffused with slaty. Size and other essential characters asin bacchante. Colour throughout much darker and less ornamented. Upper surface dark, between “olive” and “ bistre,” the rump and legs with an almost imperceptible suffusion of clay-colour. Under surface lighter than the upper, the hairs dark slaty proximally, dull clay-colour terminally, no lateral line ot 25* 380 Mr. O. Thomas on demarcation perceptible; inconspicuous patches of whitish on chin and sides of chest between fore limbs. Head rather - greyer than back. Sides of muzzle suffused with dull in- conspicuous tawny, barely extending back to theeyes. Ears dark brown. Hands and feet brown, not buffy. Tail dark brown, scarcely lighter below. Skull essentially like that of bacchante, the bulle a little smaller. ‘Teeth small, as in all the Eastern forms, though still decidedly larger than in the far Western GZ. ornatus. Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :— Head and body 137 mm. ; tail 165; hind foot 31 ; ear 19°5. Skull: greatest length 37°4 ; basilar length 29°4; palatal foramina 7; upper molar series 7. Hab. Solai, western slope of Mt. Kenya, B.E.A. Alt. 8000’. Type. Adult female. Original number 1561. Collected by Robin Kemp. Presented by C. D. Rudd, Esq. Six specimens. This Kenya Gnomys differs from all the known forms of the genus by the slaty bases to its belly-hairs. Gnomys oris, sp. 0. As in @., bacchante, but size larger. Size about as great as in the Western hypoxanthus, there- fore markedly larger than in Z. bacchante. . Colour quite as in the latter. Feet pale brown. Skull shaped as in @., bacchante, but larger throughout. Interorbital region narrower than in hypowanthus. Bulle large. Teeth large and heavy, quite equalling those of Cameroon examples of GZ. hypoxanthus. Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :-— Head and body 179 mm.; tail 184; hind foot 32°55; ear 22. Skull: greatest length 41; basilar length 33; greatest breadth 20 ; interorbital breadth 5:3; breadth of brain-case 15:7; palatilar length 18:4; palatal foramina 8°2; upper molar series 7°8. Hab. Mt. Kinangop, Aberdare Range, British Hast Africa, Alt. 11,000’. Type. Old male. B.M. no. 10. 5. 38.154. Original num- ber 696. Collected 25th February, 1910, by Robin Kemp. Presented by C. D. Rudd, Esq. The ordinary E.-African C. bacchante was found by Mr. Kemp well up on the Aberdare Range, but the subject of the present description differs from all the other specimens new African Muride. 381 from the range by its materially larger size, longer skull, and heavier teeth, in which respects it equals Cameroon specimens of G4. hypowvanthus. Lophuromys naso, sp. n. Size and other characters of Z. nudicaudus, Hell., but teeth peculiarly cuspidate. External appearance about as in LZ. nudicaudus, the colour above rather paler brown and below duller (between ochraceous tawny and clay-colour), ‘Tail rather longer. Skull with a peculiar slender low muzzle, its upper profile flattened, even concave at a point above the front end of the palatal foramina. Anterior zygoma-root as in L. nudicaudus. Incisors apparently a little more thrown forwards than in L. nudicaudus. Molars narrow; m’* with the small outer accessory cusps very unusually developed, the one between the first and second lamine about as long as it ever is in ordinary Lophuromys, while that between the second and third Jaminze is produced into a high upstanding cusp almost rivalling in height the main outer cusp just behind it. Dimensions of the type (measured in skin) :— Head and body (probably shrunk) 95 mm.; tail 63; hind foot 19; ear 15. Skull: tip of nasals to anterior corner of interparietal 24°5 ; nasals 11°7 ; interorbital breadth 6; breadth of brain-case 12°5; palatilar length 11°5; palatal foramina 5°5; upper molar serics 4°7. Hab. Gaboon. Type. Adult. B.M. no. 7. 1. 1. 85. ‘Tomes Collection. Obtained from Messrs. Verreaux about 1855. Lhe great development of the accessory cusps of m! and the peculiar shape of the muzzle will distinguish this species from any Lophuromys hitherto described. This specimen, from Mr. 'Tomes’s collection, belongs to a small set of skins from the Gaaboon which are labelled as having been described by J. and KE. Verreaux in the ‘ Revue et Magasin de Zoologie,’ 1855, under various names, all unknown to naturalists, but apparently the paper was never published. Had it been, Peters’s name Lophuromys for the genus would have been antedated by that proposed by the brothers Verreaux. , Lhamnomys bunting?, sp. n. A Western species of the dbeanus and macmillani group. General external appearance as in other members of the 382 On new African Muride. group, in fact quite like Elgon specimens referred to 7. thernus except that the ears are smaller. Head and anterior half of body lined olive-grey, posterior half passing into dull tawny ochraceous. Under surface sharply defined pure white, a very narrow buffy edging along the posterior part of the line of demarcation. ars rather small, coloured like the head. Hands and feet pale buffy. Tail as usual long, well-haired, and slightly pencilled terminally, brown above and at the end, inconspicuously lighter below proximally, where the hairs are dull buffy except along the centre, where they form a slightly darker median line. Skull rather longer than that of maemillani, but with even smaller bullae. Anterior palatine foramina comparatively short, not reaching back even to the level of the front of the root of m1. ‘Teeth very small. Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :— Head and body 108 mm.; tail 170; hind foot 23°5; ear 15. Skull: greatest length 29°3 ; condylo-incisive length 27 ; zygomatic breadth 14:2; nasals 11; interorbital breadth 4:5 ; brain-case breadth 12°8; palatilar length 12; diastema 7:5; palatal foramina 6°1 ; upper molar series 4°3. Hab. Gonyon, Bassa, Liberia. Type. Old male. Original number 86. Collected 29th November, 1910, by R. H. Bunting. This Thamnomys is readily distinguishable from other members of the genus by its size, small teeth, small bulla, and short palatal foramina. It is the first of this group of Thamnomys to be discovered in West Africa, the previously known species ranging from Abyssinia to the Cape. I have named it after Mr. R. H. Bunting, its captor, in whose collection there are several interesting Liberian species not previously possessed by the Museum, such as “ Mus” trivirgatus, ‘Vemm., Epimys defua, Mill., Dasymys rufulus, Mill., and Malacomys edwardsi, Rochebr. 'TYPOMYS, gen. nov. External characters as in Hybomys, except for the three- striped instead of one-striped pattern of coloration. Mamme 0—2=4, these varying in Hybomys from 0—2=4 to 1—2=6. Skull less broad than in Hybomys. Brain-case smaller, muzzle longer. Anterior zygoma-root with the upper bridge over the foramen, the hinder edge of the zygomatic plate, and the front half of m! all in one straight vertical line (in Hy- bomys the bridge is decidedly anterior to the hinder edge of On a new Vole from Eastern Asia. 383 the plate, and the latter, again, is opposite the extreme front edge of m1). Front edge of zygomatic plate slanted, little curved, not subangularly projected forward. Palatal foramina shorter, barely equalling the length of the molar series. Molars not so simple and Epimys-like as in Hybomys, but more tending to the character of those of Mdylomys as com- pared to Pelomys *, although not so extreme. The middle cusp of each lamina is, as in Mylomys, highly developed, beak-like, directed backwards, the lamine are similarly curved round, and complicated by the development of connecting-ridges between the laminze, notably between the first and second laminz of m’. Type. Typomys trivirgatus (Alus trivirgatus, Temm.). The character of the molars of this animal is one common to several African genera—e. g., Mylomys, Ginomys, and Desmomys,—but as to whether it is an independent develop- ment in each case or shows any community of origin 1 am not at present prepared to express an opinion. Sfybomys, otherwise not widely different from TZypomys, has quite normally constructed molars. Six specimens of Typomys trivirgatus were obtained by Mr. Bunting in Liberia. XLV.—A new Vole from Eastern Asia, By OLpFIELD ‘THOMAS. (Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) Microtus pelliceus, sp. n. A large vole allied to MW. calamorum, Thos. Size large as compared with ordinary voles, about as in M. calamorum. Fur long, soft, very sleek and fine ; hairs of back about 15 mm. in length, the long bristle-hairs attaining 20 mm. or more. General colour above sepia-brown, formed of mixed black and dull buffy, the resulting mixture very heavily and coarsely lined. Under surface soiled greyish white, the bases of the hairs slaty, the ends dull whitish. Ears rather short, dull greyish brown. Hands and feet brown on metapodials, whitish on digits ; soles with only 5 pads. Tail long, well-haired, the hairs quite hiding the scales; sharply bicolor, deep brown above, white below. * Cf. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xviii. p. 224 (1906). 384 Mr. O. Thomas on Skull of the same high and rather narrow shape as in M. calamorum; upper outline rather less bowed. _ Brain-case high, narrow, its anterior angles well marked. Palatal foramina of medium length, narrow. Posterior palatal pits well marked. Opening of posterior nares rounded. ‘Teeth in essential structure as in WZ, calamorum, but rather narrower. J/*° with four spaces and a terminal C, four inner and three outer angles. J, with six closed spaces and an anterior trefoil, five inner and three outer angles. Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :— Head and body 150 mm.; tail 70; hind foot (s. u.) 23, (c. u.) 25°5. Skull: upper length (tip of nasals to back of interparietal) 29; greatest breadth 18; nasals 9x4:1; interorbital breadth 4; breadth of brain-case 13°3 ; height from alveolus of m? 11; palatilar length 17; palatal foramina 5°6 ; upper molar series (crowns) 8°7. Hab. Ussuri River, E. Siberia. Type. Adult. B.M. no. 91.6.29.2. Collected by Messrs. Dorries on November 28, 1889. This fine vole is distinguished from J. calamorum by its larger size and longer fur. No other described species seems to be nearly related to it. XLVI.—Three new Mammals from Dutch New Guinea. By OLDFIELD ‘THOMAS. (Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) THE collection of mammals obtained by the B.O.U. Expe- dition to New Guinea contains several species new to the Museum and the following three new to science. All were collected in the low country near the coast, south of the Charles Louis Range in Dutch New Guinea, and are pre- sented to the National Museum by the Subscribers to the Expedition. Emballonura furaz, sp. n. A very large species with greatly expanded muzzle. Size larger than in any described species. Fur long, close, and straight; hairs of back rather over 7 mm. in length. General colour above uniform rich brown (between vandyke- brown and burnt umber), the hairs rather paler basally. 9 new Mammals from Dutch New Guinea. 385 Under surface paler brown, the ends of the hairs lighter. Membranes naked throughout. Tragus of medium length, broader above than at base, its anterior and posterior margins both evenly convex, its tip rounded. Skull of quite unusual appearance, owing to the enormous development of the muzzle, the area of the facial expansion being distinctly greater than that of the brain-case. Ina general way the face is constructed as in #. semicaudata, but the expanded portion is produced on each side into a marked lateral projection in front of the orbits and just over m’, while the same swelling posteiiorly overhangs and almost hides from above the flat floor of the orbit. Edges of the swollen part rounded throughout. Postorbital processes small but distinct. ‘Top of muzzle with a median groove extending back to the level of the postorbital processes, its edges smoothly rounded. Posterior palate produced some little distance behind the level of m’, as in 2. semicaudata. Upper incisors subequal. Canine with a distinct posterior basal cusp. P* and molars large, rounded, their postero- internal lobes so developed that there are practically no gaps between them. J” large, rounded, its antero-posterior diameter greater than usual, about two-thirds of its transverse extent. Dimensions of the type (the starred measurements taken in the flesh) :— Forearm (c.) 53 mm.t Head and body *61; tail *19; ear *19; third finger, metacarpus 47, first phalanx 18°5, second phalanx 22 ; lower leg and foot (c. u, 27. Skull: greatest length 18°7 ; basi-sinual length 14; zygo- matic breadth Tis: brevdit across facial iafation 9°5; inter- temporal breadth 4°1 ; breadth of brain- case Bike palato-sinual length 7°7; front of canine to back of m® 7: 5; breadth across palate outside m? 8°L. flab. Kapari River, 5.W. New Guinea. Type from “ Whitewater Camp.” 400!. Type. Adult female. Original number 2514. Collected by CO. H. B. Grant during the B.O.U. Expedition to New Guinea. Presented by the Subscribers. This fine species is a giant in the genus Hmballonura, the largest previously known species, L. semicaudata, having a skull-length of only about 15°5 mm., while the enormous expansion of the facial region makes it quite unique in the group. + Both forearms are broken in the type, and the above is an estimate, founded mainly on the length of the metacarpus. 386 Mr. O. Thomas on Uromys naso, sp. n. Near U. lorentzit, but skull longer and more compressed. Size slightly larger than in U. lorentzii, the hind foot decidedly longer. Fur crisp and velvety; hairs of back between 8 and 9 mm. in length. General colour above as usual brown, becoming more rufous onrump. Under surface greyish white, the hairs slaty basally, dull greyish white terminally ; line of demarcation on sides rather well defined. Head grey. Hands and feet dull whitish. Tail black, its under surface inconspicuously marked with dull whitish— equally different from the sharply bicolor tail of lorentzvi and the wholly black one of the next species. Skull longer and narrower than that of U. lorentzii, the greatest spread of the zy gomata at their anterior end, instead of posteriorly. Muzzle high, narrow and compressed late- rally, the nasals long and narrow. Maxillary part of zygo- mata broadened vertically, so that the vertical diameter, opposite the back of m', is nearly 3 mm., the broadest in a series of lorenizit being under 2 mm. Palatal foramina rather longer than in lorentziz. Molars comparatively narrow. Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :— Head and body 188 mm.; tail 132; hind foot (s. u.) 36; ear 21. Skull: greatest length 45°5; condylo-incisive length ft 41°3; zygomatic breadth 20:2; nasals 17 x 5; interorbital breadth 7 ; breadth of brain-case 16°5 ; height of crown from alveolus of m? 11°63; palatilar length 21; diastema 12°7; palatal foramina 7 x 3°23; upper molar series 8°6. Hab. Kafari River, S.W. New Guinea. Type from “ Whitewater Camp.” Alt. 400. Type. Adult female. Original number 2512. Collected 19th October, 1910, by C. H. B. Grant on the B.O.U. Expe- dition to New Guinea. Presented by the Subscribers. Compared with a series of skulls of what I refer to Uromys lorentzit, Jent., that of the present animal is at once distinguishable by its more elongate shape, compressed muzzle, and by the peculiar broadening of the maxillary part of the zygomatic arch. Externally the animals are closely similar, though U. naso has not the conspicuously bicolor tail of U. lorentzit, and its foot is longer. {| From the back of the condyle to the most anterior point on the convex front surface of the incisors. This measurement, which I have already used in the case of shrews, I believe to be a better one for rodents than any other that has been proposed. new Mammals from Dutch New Guinea. 387 Uromys stalker calidior, subsp. n. Similar to true sta/kert of Hastern New Guinea in all essential characters, but fur crisper and colour darker, warmer, and more heavily ticked with black. Sides of belly edged with buffy. Fur crisp, decidedly crisper than in the soft-haired stalker? ; hairs of back about 9 mm. in length. General colour above nearest to “cinnamon,” that of stadker? more approaching “‘clay-colour,”’ the back heavily lined, owing to the black tips to the hairs. In stalker¢ the colour is almost uniform, hardly any of the hairs having black tips. Under surface white, the white area broader than in sta/keri, the hairs normally white to their bases. Lower edge of flanks with a more or less distinct buffy or ochraceous-buff line, contrasting with the white of the belly, but in some specimens the buffy passes right across the belly, and in these the bases of the ventral hairs are commonly slaty. Head grey, darker than in stalker?. Hands whitish generally, with a darker meta- carpal patch ; feet dull whitish brown. Tail wholly black. Skull apparently as in stalkerd, except that the nasals pro- ject backwards slightly beyond the premaxillary process. Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :— Head and body 153 mm.; tail 156 ; hind foot 30; ear 17. Skull: greatest length 33°8 ; condylo-incisive length 33:4 ; zygomatic breadth 17°7 ; nasals 11 ; interorbital breadth 6:2 ; palatilar length 16:2; palatal foramina 4:8; upper molar series 65. Hab, Coast area of Dutch New Guinea, south of the Charles Louis Range. Type from the Mimika River. Alt. 420’. Others from the Wataikwa River. Type. Old male. Original number 3013. Collected 30th March, 1910, by G. C. Shortridge, on the B.O.U. New Guinea Expedition. Nine adults and tive young examined. This small Uromys is very closely allied to the Eastern U. stalkert, but appears to be separable by the colour- characters above described. Some of the specimens are in a grey phase (approaching ‘“‘ smoke-grey”’), but these are apparently immature. It is smaller than Dr. Jentink’s leucogaster and larger than the same author’s sexplicatus. Its wholly black tail forms a ready means of distinguishing it from lorentzii and naso. 388 Mr. W. A. Harding on a XLVII.—WNote on anew Leech (Placobdella egyptiaca) from Egypt. By W. A. Harpine, M.A., F.LS. I Am indebted to Professor Jeffrey Bell * for the opportunity of examining a number of specimens of a leech ectoparasitic on the mud-tortoise (7reonyx triunguis), sent by Capt. Flower from Cairo, which proved to be examples of a species hitherto unrecorded. ‘The material, which was preserved in alcohol, was unfortunately in a state most unfavourable for deter- mination, and consequently the analysis of the annulation given below is to be considered, as far as the extremities of the body are concerned, as subject to revision. ‘lhe following is a brief diagnosis of the new species, for which, as it is the first of the Glossosiphonide to be described from Egypt, I propose the specific name egyptiaca. Body (somewhat contracted in alcohol) ovate-oblong, flat- tened ; the head-region not distinct ; the rings smooth ven- trally, and covered dorsally by numerous, low, irregularly disposed papillee. Colour faded in alcohol to a more or less uniform brownish grey without any trace of pattern. The rings composing the body tend to resolve themselves into groups, separated by somewhat deep grooves, and corre- sponding to each segment or somite. In the middle portion of the body the first ring in each group was found to contain a ganglion of the ventral chain, and thus, in the absence of colour-markings or conspicuous papille, the complete somite was seen to be composed of three rings. In each complete somite the groove separating rings 2 and 3 is greater than that between rings 1 and 2, whilst that between the rings of contiguous somites is still more marked. Rings 71 in number. Somites v.-xxili. complete with three rings; Xxiv.—xxvil. biannulate, the first ring of xxiv. being divided at its margins. Eyes 2, conspicuous, near together, situated on ring 3. Anterior sucker imperforate; the mouth piercing its ante- rior lip and nearly terminal. Genital apertures separated by two rings, the male orifice being situated between somites xi. and xiL, the female be- tween the first and second rings of xii. * [On receiving the draft of this paper from Mr. Harding I suggested to him that it would be well to let me communicate with Capt. Flower before sending the paper for publication. In return Capt. Flower wrote : “ Speaking from recollection, the leeches have no colour and no pattern ; these are the only leeches I have ever seen in Egypt, and it is impossible to say when we can obtain more specimens. Trzonya is very rare in this part of Egypt.” The student must therefore be satisfied with what My, Harding is able to tell him.—F. J. B.] new Leech from Egypt. 389 Crop with seven pairs of czeca. Anus situated between the two rings of somite xxvii. and separated by one ring from the posterior sucker. Size of the largest example, in a medium state of contrac- tion, 14°5 mm. long and 5 mm. wide. Placobdella egyptiaca, sp. n. Diagram showing dorsal surface, part of anterior ventral surface, annula- tion, digestive tract, &e. Somites indicated in Roman figures, rings numbered in italics, mth., mouth; pé.s., proboscis-sheath ; cr. crop; st¢., stomach ; zz., intestine; an., anus. The nearly terminal mouth, the seven pairs of crop-ceca, and the fact that its host is a tortoise place this leech beyond doubt in the Glossosiphonid genus Placobdelia (R. Blanchard, 1893). Another small species of Placobdella closely re- sembling the one under consideration, recently sent to me from India for identification and not yet described, preys upon Trionyx gangeticus. 390 Mr. G. J. Arrow on Lamellicorn Beetles. XLVIII.— On Lamellicorn Beetles belonging to the Subfamilies Ochodseine, Orphnine, Hybosorinw, and Trogine. By GILBERT J. ARROW. (Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) OcHODHINA. THE genus Ochodeus is evidently destined to become a very large one, especially as regards its American representatives. Nineteen species from the United States have been recently enumerated by Mr. Fall (Journ. New York Ent. Soc. xvii. 1909, p. 80), and the four from Central America and three from South America, which are all that have yet been described from that huge area, certainly give a wholly in- adequate notion of those actually existing there. Owing no doubt to peculiarly retiring habits possessed by these beetles, single specimens only seem to be generally found, and those rarely. ‘I'he sexes differ in the most distinctive characters, which are generally those of the male, so that the proper association of male and female is difficult. ‘he types of all the seven species mentioned above are in the British Mu- seum, and as the discrimination of the Central-American forms in the ‘ Biol. Centr.-Americana’ is unsatisfactory, I have thought it desirable to draw up a table of the species, adding a few new ones, by which the total is raised to ten. Synopsis of Central-American Species of Ochodeeus. 6). Apical angles of the elytra produced. 5). Pronotum closely granulated. 4), Vertex of the head bearing a transverse COTUAHAS Casino soo Oe tem enaa eats legals luridus, Westw. (3). Vertex of the head without a transverse CHMING kk Seemincen Caio eee Sie .. brarmatus, Lec. (2). Pronotum distinctly punctured .......... puncticollis, sp. n. (1). Apical angles of the elytra not produced. (10). Head without tubercles. (9). Head flat; clypeus not very small ...... planiceps, sp. 0. (8). Clypeus very small, with the margin feebly elevated at the sides and middle ...... presidii, Bates. 7). Head tuberculate. ). Clypeus bituberculate. ). Pronotum distinctly punctured .......... pollicaris, Bates. . Pronotum densely granulated. . Elytra clothed with close decumbent sete. hondure, sp. n. 15 (14). Elytra clothed with erect sete. 16 (17). Vertex bearing a slight transverse carina,. fraterculus, sp. n. 17 (16). Vertex without a transverse carina ...... setulosus, Bates. 18 (11).°Clypeus unitubereulate . . Se - euops, Sp. N. ( ( ( Whore Co CONS Or Ca COS oiled a Mr. G. J. Arrow on Lamellicorn Beetles. 391 I have included O. bearmatus, Lec., among the Central- American species on the strength of a single specimen from Durango left unnamed by Bates. It is apparently a female, and I am unable to distinguish it from that sex of the North- American species. The two Mexican specimens referred by Bates to O. luridus, Westw., agree exactly with the type, and are not, as he suggested, the other sex. He evidently did not recognize the two tubercles described by Westwood in the interrupted carina upon the vertex of the head. On the other hand, the Guatemalan specimen also placed here by Bates belongs to quite a different species, which, for the sake of clearness, I describe. Ochodeus puncticollis, sp. n. Rufo-brunneus, ovatus, sat nitidus, parce fulvo-setosus, capite grosse granulato, vertice fortiter transverse carinato, clypeo parvo, late arcuato, margine medio subtuberculato, mento parvo, levi, subquadrato ; prothorace sat fortiter, medio disperse, lateraliter erebre, punctato, marginibus lateralibus fere rectis, angulis posticis paulo rotundatis; elytris brevissime setosis, fortiter striatis, striis grosse punctatis, angulis posticis productis ; tibiis anticis fortiter 3-dentatis, dente supero ab secundo parum remoto, tarsorum posticorum articulo primo quam reliquis conjunctis multo breviori. Long. 7°5 mm.; lat. max. 4°25 mm. Hab. GUATEMALA: Tepan (Conradt). The single specimen is probably a female. The shining, sparsely punctured prothorax distinguishes it from most other species of the genus. ‘The posterior angles of the elytra are distinctly dentate, the mentum is small, rather square, smooth, and very feebly impressed along the middle, the vertex bears a short but sharply elevated transverse carina, and the small clypeus bears a rudimentary tubercle (which is, perhaps, more developed in the male) at the middle of the front margin, Ochodeus planiceps, sp. n. Piceo-rufus, capite prothoraceque paulo dilutioribus, ubique sat dense fulvo-setosus, ovatus, capite granuloso-rugoso, plano, clypeo late arcuato, mento elevato, postice polito, antice sulcato, hirto ; pronoto dense et sequaliter granuloso-rugoso; elytris fortiter striato-punctatis, angulis posticis haud productis; pedibus simpli- cibus, haud brevibus, tibiis anticis 3-dentatis, dente supero minuto, a basi haud remoto: 3, tibiz antic apice intus acute producto. Long. 7°5 mm.; lat. max. 4 mm. 392 Mr. G. J. Arrow on Lamellicorn Beetles. Hab. GUATEMALA: San Isidro (1600 ft.). The single specimen found by Mr. G. C. Champion was recorded, but not named, by Bates in the ‘ Biol. Centr.- Americana.’ It resembles O. presidi?, Bates, being clothed like it with rather long yellow sete, but it is much darker in colour, the head is flatter, and the legs are rather Jong and slender, without femoral tooth or dilated tibie. he head is strongly and closely granulated and very flat, without elevation of any kind. The finger-like terminal process at the inner edge of the front tibia is absent in the male of O. presidii. Although not found in several species, I believe when present this is always distinctive of the male. Ochodeeus hondure, sp. n. Piceo-rufus, ovalis, dense fulvo-setosus, capite lato, modice crebre punctato, medio excavato, clypeo brevissime arcuato, margine crassato, angulis basalibus utrinque tuberculatis, mento elevato, haud impresso, postice glabro, antice angustato, longe fulvo-hirto ; prothorace crebre et esequaliter rugoso-punctato ; elytris fortiter punctato-striatis, angulis posticis haud productis; tibiis anticis haud acute 3-dentatis, dente supero minuto, a basi haud remoto, pedibus simplicibus, tarsorum posticorum articulo primo ad reliquos conjunctos longitudine fere equali : do, tibiz antice apice intus producto. Long. 8:5-9 mm.; lat. max. 5-5°5 mm. Hab. Honpuras, MEXIco. There are two male specimens in the British Museum, one of them, labelled ‘‘ Mexico: Sallé Coll.,” having been re- ferred to by Bates. The second, from Honduras, agrees with it, but is less well-preserved. It isa fairly large species, with the head formed almost as in O. biarmatus, Lec., which is much smaller and lighter-coloured. O.hondure is dark, densely sculptured, and clothed above with fine greyish seta, closely and uniformly disposed and lying close on the elytra. The head is strongly but not very closely punctured, hollowed in the middle, without any trace of a posterior carina, but with a rounded tubercle at each angle of the short rounded clypeus. Ochodeus fraterculus, sp. n. Ovalis, rufus, sat longe erecte fulvo-setosus, capite grosse granuloso, medio depresso, postice obsolete carinato, clypeo breviter arcuato, angulis basalibus utrinque tuberculatis, mento elevato, haud impresso, postice glabro, antice longe fulvo-hirto; prothorace Mr. G. J. Arrow on Lamellicorn Beetles. 393 erebre et equaliter rugoso-punctato ; elytris fortiter punctato- striatis, angulis posticis haud productis; tibiis anticis haud acute 3-dentatis, dente supero minuto, a basi haud remoto, femoribus quatuor posterioribus apice fere dentatis, tarsorum posticorum articulo primo ad reliquos conjunctos longitudine vix equali: 3, tibie antice apice intus acute producto, Long. 8 mm.; lat. max. 4°5 mm. Hab. Costa Rica: San Francisco de Guadeloupe (3609 feet). A single male was sent to the British Museum by the late M. Pittier de Fabrega, by whom it was taken in September 1892. It is closely allied structurally to O. hondure. It is smaller and of a brighter red colour, and the pubescence with which it is clothed is longer and coarser and does not lie flat as in that species. The sculpture of the upper surface is almost the same, but the head is covered with large granules or rugosities an@ no definite punctures can be traced. There is a slight vestige of a transverse carina between the eyes. Ochodeus euops, sp. n. Ovalis, rufus, ubique sat longe pilosus, capite grosse granuloso, piloso, oculis prominentissimis, nitidissimis, clypeo parvo, tuber- culo lato, haud acuto, bene elevato, ante marginem priedito, vertice haud carinato, mento plano, postice polito, antice fulvo-hirto ; prothorace crebre sat equaliter granuloso; elytris fortiter striato- punctatis, angulis posticis haud productis ; tibiis anticis fortiter bidentatis, dente tertio minutissimo a basi haud remoto, tarsorum posticorum articulo primo quam reliquis conjunctis paulo breviori : 3, tibiee antice apice intus acute producto. Long. 8 mm.; lat. max. 4 mm. Hab. Mexico: Amula, Guerrero (6000 ft., H. H. Smith), I have seen only the single male specimen. It is of a. rather bright rusty red colour and clothed above and beneath with long erect yellow hair. The eyes are extremely promi- nent and very shining, the facets being only visible when . highly magnified. The head is coarsely granulated and the small clypeus is almost entirely occupied by the broad shining tubercle. The species seems to be related to O. frontalis, Lec., but the male is without the femoral teeth characteristic of that insect and the head is quite destitute of a posterior carina, It may be noted here that the Javan Ochodeus maculi- pennis, Arrow, is (Scarabeeus) wanthomelas, Wied., which was Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser, 8. Vol. vii. 26 394 Mr. G. J. Arrow on Lamellicorn Beetles. placed in the genus Athyreus in the Munich Catalogue. I have been able to compare the two types by the kindness of Dr. Adam Boving, of the Copenhagen Museum. OrPHNINEE. I have found it necessary to change the name of Hybalus gazella, Raffray, to H. raffrayt, the name gazella having been applied by Mulsant as long ago as 1842 to a variety of Hi, dorcas, F. (=H. glabratus, F .). Mr. H. Maxwell Lefroy has sent me specimens from the Punjab of a very remarkable little beetle which I have recog- nized as belonging to the genus Dynamopus of Semenow, and apparently to the same species as that described by him from Turkestan (Dynamopus athleta, Sem.). The author, however, has not correctly described the structure of the head and mouth-parts, having evidently not dissected the latter. The mandibles are not, as he supposed, concealed, but very prominent, as in the whole of the beetles of the present group of subfamilies ; but, quite unlike any other beetle known to me, Dynamopus has the mandibles firmly consolidated with the sides of the head, where they form the lateral processes described by Semenow. So extraordinary is this fixation that without dissection it was an almost inevitable assumpticn that these processes were mere outgrowths and that the true mandibles were hidden within the mouth; but, having care- fully removed all the mouth-appendages from one of the two specimens sent to me, this is conclusively disproved. The fixed mandibles have a slight upward curvature and are blunt and without teeth. Although their original func- tion is obviously lost, it must be supposed that they have acquired some other use, for they appear to have undergone no diminution. I have transferred the genus to the Orphninz, to which its characters point rather than to the Hybosorinee. The maxille are very well developed, with a long but not corneous outer lobe, and the inner lobe highly chitinized and armed with . very strong and sharp teeth. The labium is soft, with a bilobed ligula; the labrum rather fleshy, prominent, bilobed, and studded with very strong bristles. ‘he antennal club is not telescopic, as in the Hybosorine, but there appears to be no coxal stridulating-organ, a feature of most of the Orphnine. The remarkable fimbriate spurs of the middle and hind tibiz seem to indicate a relationship with the Ochodeine, in which Mr. G. J. Arrow on Lamellicorn Beetles. 395 one of the spurs (and occasionally two) has a similar struc- ture. The front tibial spur is not absent, as stated by Mr. Semenow, but is slender and inconspicuous. Herr Carl Felsche has sent mea pair of anewand peculiar insect of this subfamily for which it seems necessary to form a new genus. It is an Orphnus with certain peculiarities which separate it sharply from all others. Chief of these is the shape of the mandibles, which have an abrupt lateral angulation and are nearly straight in front and at the side, whereas in Orphnus they are always regularly rounded exter- nally. ‘The transverse carina upon the head of the female is also characteristic, as is the form of the thorax of the male. This is formed very much as in many small species of Copris. It is not excavated in the middle, but very convex, armed with four conical processes and almost vertically truncated in front. I propose to call the genus GONIORPHNUS, gen. nov. Corpus crassum,convexum. Mandibula extus rectangula lateraliter et antice fere recta, angulo sat acuto, paulo recuryo. Clypeus brevis, late arcuatus, lateribus obtuse angulatis, paulo recurvatis. 3, clypeus antice cornu gracili, marginali armatus; pronotum antice truncatum, haud excavatum. 2, clypeus muticus, a fronte carina lata, acute elevata, divisus. Alia ut in genere Orphno. Gontorphnus felschei, sp. n. Niger vel nigro-piceus, nitidus, convexus, latus; prothorace toto marginato, utrinque grosse sat parce punctato; elytris levibus, disco leviter sulcato, sulcis haud profunde irregulariter annulato- punctatis, extus irregulariter fere rugose punctatis ; tibiis anticis fortiter tridentatis : 3, capite impunctato, margine antico cornu gracili erecto paulo deplanato, haud acuminato, munito; prothorace politissimo, lateribus grosse punctatis, dorso convexo, dentibus 4 validis, conicis, fere sequidistantibus, oblique antrorsum directis, serie transverso munito, antice medio fere perpendiculariter retuso, utrinque paulo excayato: @ , clypeo indistincte punctulato, a fronte carina lata paulo arcuata divisa, vertice sat crebre transverse punctato; prothorace sub- tiliter punctulato, punctis majoribus lateralibus nonnullisque medianis sparsuto. Long. 10-11°5 mm. ; lat. max. 5-6 mm. Hab, Frencu Coneo: Kuilu (Mocquerys, 1892). 26% 396 Mr. G. J. Arrow on Lamellicorn Beetles. Hyposorinz. In arecent paper I referred to the genus Dicrw@odon an unnamed insect from Guatemala placed by H. W. Bates in Celodes. Having since seen two further specimens from Herr U. Felsche’s collection, I take this opportunity of describing the species. Diereodon punctatum, sp. n. Testaceus, capite, prothorace scutelloque interdum obscurioribus ; eapite parce irregulariter punctato; prothorace sat grosse irregulariter punctato, valde transverso, fere semicirculari, late- ribus valde arcuatis, angulis posticis distinctis, obtusis; scutello antice punctato, postice levi; elytris grosse seriato-punctatis, serie juxta-suturali impresso, reliquis vix impressis, margini- bus externis antice parce sed longissime ciliatis, apicibus excisis, biangulatis; tibiis anticis longe bidentatis, denteque tertio brevissimo obtuso, tibiis posticis apice dilatatis, tarsis quam tibiis haud longioribus, pedum posticorum calcare superiore longo, valde inquinato; mandibulis dente acuto apicali alteroque minus acuto pone apicem munitis. Long. 4 mm.; lat. max. 2 mm. Hab. GUATEMALA: Zapote (G. C. Champion) ; COLOM- BIA: Cali (W. F. Rosenberg). The three specimens I have examined appear to be females, as they agree in the form of the mandibles, the dilated hind tibiz, short tarsi, and very long elytral fringe with the female of Dicreodon (Aporolaus) fimbriatus, Bates. Itis a much smaller species, of nearly the same size as D. basalis, Westw. It differs from both in the much larger punctures of the elytra, arranged in rows which are only half as nume- rous. ‘he strong hooked spurs of the hind legs are very remarkable. In the paper referred to above I remarked that the genus Hapalonychus was exceptional in being apparently confined to the West-Indian islands. The species here described dissipates that idea, having the unexpected habitat of Paraguay. Hapalonychus pusillus, sp. n. Niger, nitidus, sat elongatus, prothoracis et elytrorum marginibus externis longe ciliatis; capite paulo impresso, grosse punctato, labro angusto, elliptico; prothorace valde transverso, fortiter irregulariter punctato, lateribus antice valde contractis, postice On Gammarus campylops, Leach. 397 arcuatis, basi levissime sinuato ; elytris crebre seriato-punctatis, interstitiis minute irregulariter punctulatis : d, antennarum clava elongata, tibiis anticis longe bidentatis, tarsis anticis gracilibus, posterioribus brevibus et crassis, pedum omnium articulo ultimo magno, unguibus longis, medio fissis, Long. 5 mm.; lat. max. 2°5 mm. Hab. Paraguay (Dr. Bohls). 1 have seen only two male examples of this interesting species, the type of which has been kindly presented to the British Museum by Herr Carl Felsche. Although agreeing in its essential generic characters with the two other species of Hapalonychus, it is very different in appearance. It is much smaller, black, and much more coarsely and irregularly punctured, Trogina. I have found that the species described by me in 1903 as Cleotus acutipes is C. nitens, Guér., which therefore ranges from Mexico to South Brazil. It is probably also nigerrimus, Bl. Cleotus puncticollis, Har., must be renamed in consequence of that name having been previously applied by Hrichson to C. globosus, Say. It may be called C. haroldi. XLIX.—On Gammarus campylops, Leach. By Aurrep O. Watker, F.L.S., F.Z.S. THere has been an extraordinary amount of confusion in regard to this Amphipod. To begin with the name: it first appeared in the ‘ Edinburgh Encyclopedia,’ Article “ Crusta- ceology,’’ vol. vii. 1813, under the meaningless name camy- lops—no doubt a printer’ s error: in the appendix to the same article (1814?) it appears as camylosps. It is next to be found in Dr. Leach’s “ Arrangement of the Crustacea, &c.” in the ‘Transactions of the Linnean Society of London,’ vol. xi. (1815) p. 360, as campylops, from the Greek kampulos, crooked, and ops, eye—a perfectly appropriate name. And here I may be permitted to say, with all due respect to the law of priority, that when the first name published is obviously an error, shortly afterwards corrected by the author, it is surely better to adopt the corrected form. The correct name is used by Desmarest in 1825, by Milne- Edwards in 1840, and A. White in 1847 (List Crust. Brit. Mus. p. 88), but the last-named author in the same List, 398 On Gammarus eampylops, Leach. published 1850, follows Samouelle’s ‘ Entomologist’s Useful Compendium’ in calling it camptolops. Milne-Hdwards, in Ann. Sci. Nat. vol. xx. (1830) p. 367, has camphylops. Its next appearance of any importance is in Spence Bate’s ‘Catalogue of Amphipodous Crustacea in the Brit. Mus.’ (1862) as camptolops, but the same author in 1863 (Bate & Westwood, ‘ Brit. Sess.-eyed Crast.’) calls it campylops, at which it remained till the revival of camylops in ‘ Das Tier- reich’ (1906). The confusion in regard to the description of the animal has been even greater, and for this Leach himself was largely responsible. His first notice gives practically no description by which the species could be recognized, except the S-like eyes. In the Trans. Linn. Soc. /. c. he divides the genus Gammarus as follows :— A. Cauda stylis geminatis superioribus stylo supero brevissimo (7. e. Upper, or inner, ramus of the third uropods very short). Spec. 1. GAMMARUS AQUATICUS. Gammarus pulex, Leach, Edin. Encyel. vii. 402-82. Habitat in rivulis et stagnis vulgatissima. Spec. 2. GAMMARUS MARINUS. Habitat in Danmoniae australis mari. B. Cauda stylis geminatis superioribus stylis subeequalibus (7. e. Rami of the third uropods subequal), Spec. 8. GamMARus Locusta. G. oculis lunatis. Cancer Gammarus Locusta, Montagu, Linn. Trans, ix. 92. Habitat in Britanniae mari vulgatissime. Spec. 4. GAMMARUS CAMPYLOPS, G. oculis flexuosis. Gammarus campylops (sic), Leach, Edin. Encyel, vii. 403. Habitat in mari prope Loch-Ranza in Arran Insula. There is clearly something wrong here: G. aquaticus (now . called G. pulex), which, as the common freshwater species, cannot be mistaken, has the rami of the third uropods at least as nearly equal as G. locusta, yet is bracketed with G. mari- nus, which has the upper or Inner ramus less than half as long as the lower or outer and is therefore rightly placed in the first group. As G. locusta is correctly placed in the second group, it follows that, in all probability, G. pulea and G. campylops have been transposed and that the latter has the inner ramus very short. Fortunately Leach’s original specimens (2) from the Isle On a new African Corethra. 399 of Arran are still preserved, in excellent condition, in the British Museum, and, with Dr. W. T. Calman’s kind assist- tance, I was recently able to examine them, The third uropods are very plainly to be seen, and, as might be expected from the above statement, the inner ramus is as short as in G. marinus. In fact, and in the opinion of both Dr. Calman and myself, they are only distinguishable from G. marinus by the S-shaped eyes. This is hardly enough to constitute a distinct species—indeed, Spence Bate (Cat. Amph. Crust. p- 209) says it “is a feature by no means to be depended upon as a specific character. Among a considerable number sent to me by Mr. Barlee (from the Shetlands) the eyes were as frequently, if not more often, of a linear form.” He figures the third uropod correctly both in the above work and in the Brit. Sess.-eyed Crust. p. 375, showing the inner ramus less than half the length of the outer, yet concludes his remarks in the latter work by saying that he considers G. campylops to be identical with G. locusta (Lin.) of Lilje- borg (‘Ofversigt....af slagtet Gammarus,’ p. 448), in which the inner ramus is described as about two-thirds of the length of the outer! The antennal characters are not of much importance, and it is impossible to resist the conclusion that G. campylops, Leach, is merely a variety of G. marinus, Leach. It follows from the above that G. campylops, Leach, of G. O. Sars (‘ Amphipoda of Norway,’ p. 500, pl. 176. fig. 2), is not that species. In addition to the character of the third uropods, the type specimens are very much larger— about 12 mm. Prof. Sars was probably misled by Leach’s mistake, and there is little doubt that his G. campylops is a young G. locusta. In a specimen of the latter, from a gathering of all ages examined by me, of the same size as Sars’s campylops (6 mm.), the lateral angles of the head are almost rounded and the telson is armed with a single lateral spine (both unlike the adult), exactly as shown in his invariably accurate figures. I have to thank Dr. Calman for much valuable assistance in the above. L.—A new African Corethra. By Frep. V. Turosatp, M.A., F.E.S., &c. Corethra pallidipes, sp. n. Head almost black, rostrum and palpi dark brown. Thorax rich deep brown, pleure ochreous and ochreous brown. 400 On a new African Corethra. Abdomen greyish brown, with dark apical borders to the segments and pale hairs. Legs unbanded, pale ochreons, semitransparent, hairs pale. Wings pale ochreous, rather pointed at the tip. ?. Head black, with a few brown hairs ; proboscis deep brown, acuminate, short, with numerous brown hairs, longest at the base and tufted apically; palpi deep brown, with brown hairs and some showing paler reflections ; antenne . brown, with dark basal segment and with pale hairs. Thorax deep rich brown, with long pale hairs, a median line and a somewhat darker area on each side of it in front ; prothoracic lobes very dark brown, with long pale g golden- brown hairs; scutellum dark brown, almost black in some lights, with brown hairs with dull golden- brown reflections ; metanotum deep brown; pleurz ochreous with darker markings, Abdomen brown with a greyish sheen, the apical borders of the segments dark, the segments spotted with small round darker brown spots, each with a.dark central spot from which arises a brown hair with paler reflections apically, Legs uniformly pale ochreous, with pale hairs which are dense; the ungues equal, simple, dark brown, and rather straight. The legs look semitransparent in some lights. ‘Whines pale ochreous to pale brown, varying in colour in different lights, also the hairs; first submarginal cell much longer and slightly narrower than the second posterior cell, somewhat contracted near the apex, its base nearer the base of the wing than the second posterior cell, its stem less than one-third the length of the cell; stem of the second posterior about one and two-thirds the length of the cell ; posterior cross-vein not quite its own length distant from the mid cross-vein. Halteres pallid. Length 3°5 mm. Hab. Kampala Swamp, Uganda. Time of capture. 25. xi. 1909. Observations. Described from a single female. It differs from the other African species so far described (C. cerato- pagones, Theobald) in the pale unbanded legs and dark thorax. This specimen was included in a collection of Culicide made by Mr. Fraser, R.A.M.C., and Dr. C. J. Baker, M.O., of Kampala, Uganda. Type in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.). On South-African Species and Varietics of Pupa. 401 LI.—A Revision of ‘A Survey of the Species and Varieties of Pupa, Draparnaud (Jaminia, Risso), occurring in South Africa,” by James Cosmo Melvill, M.A., F.L.S., and John Henry Ponsonby, F.Z.8.* By Henry C. BuRNup. [Plate X.] As there are no greater authorities on the South-African molluscan fauna than the authors of the paper under review, it is only after long hesitation that I have ventured on my present task. The Survey having been largely based upon notes of mine comprised in a lengthy correspondence, and many of the passages therein which appear to require correction or further elucidation having been written in consequence of the authors having misunderstood certain parts of those notes, I feel justified in here offering opinions in opposition to the published views of these eminent writers. The meaning of many sentences in their paper was distorted or rendered obscure through an unfortunate succes- sion ef printer’s errors, only a few of which were emended in the “ Errata” to the volume. In some few instances opinions were expressed as being mine, which, in fact, were not mine, though they were probably arrived at through the study of my initial work. . Thus, the consignment of so many species to the synonymy of P. fontana, Krs., was not prompted by me, as would appear to be the case from the text. Neither do I concur in the view that P. intradentata, Burnup, is a variety of P. dysorata, M. & P. Among the printer’s errors the most unfortunate is the rendering of the word dabrum (outer lip) into labiwm (inner lip) in nearly every instance in which it was used in the MS., so completely altering the meaning. This and a few other misrenderings have necessitated the publication of amended descriptions of the species affected, in the following pages. Since the publication of the paper under discussion the kindness of friends and correspondents, especially Messrs. Ponsonby, Farquhar, and Tomlin, Dr. Sturany, and Major Connolly, has enabled me to study certain forms, specimens of which were unobtainable before, to describe two new varieties, add a few notes on matters not referred to in Melvill and Ponsonby’s paper, and offer some new figures. * Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser, 8, vol. i, (1908) pp. 70-86, pls. i. & ii. 402 Mr. H. C. Burnup on South-African I am particularly indebted to Mr. Ponsonby for the patient care with which he, during a recent visit to South Africa, discussed the Survey with me, and encouraged me to publish the emendments and additions to be found in the present revision. Although Mr, Woodward’s arguments in favour of the supercession of the name Pupa, Drap., by Jaminia, Risso *, seem to me quite convincing, I have in the following notes and descriptions, for the sake of convenience in reference, adhered as far as possible to Melvill and Ponsonby’s nomenclature. 1. Pupa crawfordiana (M. & F.). (Pl, XxX. figs. 102.) Melvill and Ponsonby say of this species: ‘ Allied to P. layardi, Bens.” ; but it is easily distinguishable by its stouter form, less ventricose whorls, shallower sutures, more regularly conical spire, less mammillated apex, rather smoother surface, less effuse peristome, and by the absence of the seventh, minute, plait to be seen, in P. layardi, at the junction of the parietal wall with the columella. The arrange- ment of the other peristomatal processes is practically iden- tical in both species. The original figure is defective in form and deficient in detail, so I herewith offer new figures drawn from the co-type in Mr. Ponsonby’s collection, kindly lent to me for the purpose. Mr. Ponsonby has compared my figures with the type in the British Museum, and finds that they correspond accurately, except that the cal/us in the type 1s not chipped as in the co-type, so verifying that part of the original description recording the peristome as continuous. Of the co-type it would be more accurate to say that the ends of the peristome converge and are connected by a callus. A com- parison of fig. 2 with fig. 4 well illustrates the difference in profuseness of peristome. Dimensions of co-type :—Alt. 6°96, lat. 3°38 mm. 2. Pupa cryptoplax, M. & P. The specimen figured in the Survey measures as follows :— Height 3°36, width 1°95 mm. The dimensions of other specimens measured are :— Height 3°76, width 2°15 mm. 3 DOs byt ee eos, py ROA ea ae * B. B. Woodward, Journ. of Conch, vol. x. (1903) pp. 358-861. Species and Varieties of Pupa. 403 3. Pupa dadion, Bens. This species is ovoviviparous. Further localities :—Karkloof, Nottingham Road, and Inhluzani Mountain, Natal. 4, Pupa damarica, Ancey. 1888. Pupa damarica, Ancey, Le Naturaliste, p. 200. 1892. Pupa ovampoensis, M. & P. Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 6, vol. ix. p. 91, pl. vi. fig. 11. 1901. Pupa ridibunda, M. & P. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 7, vol. viil. p. 320, pl. ii. fig. 11. 1908. Pupa ovampoensis, M. & P. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8, vol. i. p. 79, pl. ii. fig. 16, 1910. Leucochilus damaricum (Anc.), Bttg. Abhandl. d. Senekenb. naturt. Gesell. Bd. xxxii. p. 446, There seems little, if any, reason to doubt the justice of Beettger’s discrimination in placing P. ovampoensis, M. & P., in the synonymy of this species, as Ancey’s description conveys a faithful image of the shell known to South-African collectors as P. ovampoensis ; but it must not be lost sight of that 14 mm., Ancey’s width dimension, seems excessive, 1mm. being the greatest width that I have observed with a height corresponding to that of Ancey’s type, though in one very large specimen in my collection from Johannesburg (McBean), whose height is 2°5 mm., the width almost equals Ancey’s measurement, being 1-11 mm, The figure chosen by Melv. & Pons. to represent their species in the Survey is that of the lirate var. from Rusten- berg (McBean), which shows more sculpture than the normal form, but agrees in other respects. The shell figured measures 2°25 mm. high and 1 mm. wide. 5. Pupa dysorata, M. & P. The emended description given in the Survey has become somewhat involved, owing apparently to two causes, viz., firstly, to the authors having included cntradentata as a var. of this species (with which I cannot agree) and their desire to differentiate the typical form, in its description, from its supposed var.; and, secondly, to their having mis- understood the position of the “deep-seated postlabial* tooth ” of intradentata, treating it as a columellar process instead of one situate “in the gullet.” In addition to this, my measure- ment of the type, kindly lent to me by Mr. E. R. Sykes, is * Perhaps the common expression “labial,” used to express pertaining to any part of the peristome or lip, is confusing, and lJabral would be better when the position wished to be indicated pertains to the labrum. A404 Mr. H. C. Burnup on South-African misquoted. It therefore seems desirable to substitute the following description :— Shell minute, umbilicate, shortly cylindrical, thin, shining, horn-coloured ; spire cylindrical, being almost equally wide at the third, fourth, and fifth whorls ; sutures impressed, apex rounded; whorls about 53, convex, deeply closely transversely striate, excepting the apical whorls, which are smooth, the last rounded below and compressed about the umbilicus ; aperture erect, somewhat quadrate, rounded above and below, exceeding 4 the height of the shell. Peristome slightly thickened and expanded, widely so at the columellar margin (which in the type is longitudinally chipped), paler than the rest of the shell, with labrum slightly bent inwards about the middle and columella nearly straight. There are no apertural processes, Height 1:57, width 0°9 mm. (type in Ooll. E. R. Sykes). Hab. Griqualand Kast. In the very large series of shells from divers localities in South Africa that I was privileged to examine no duplicate of this unique specimen, with its very distinctive characters, could be identified. 6. Pupa farquhari, M. & P. The dimensions of the shell figured in Melvill and Pon- sonby’s paper are :— Height 4°24, width 2:07 mm. 7. Pupa fontana, Krauss. Of the eight forms consigned to the synonymy, I have seen well-authenticated specimens of four only, viz. amphodon, elizabethensis, endoplaz, and frustillum ; and I agree with the authors that these names cannot stand. Of the remaining four, viz. charybdica, custodita, kerwa, and omicronaria, having seen no representatives, I can offer no opinion; but I am prepared to accept their views. On p. 75 of the Survey, 10th line from the bottom, the substitution of the word (abéwm for labrum destroys the meaning of the sentence. The following localities may now be added :— Edendale, near Maritzburg, and at the mouth of the Tongaat River on the Natal coast. Boettger (1910) places this species, with P. tetrodus, Bttg., in Pupilla (see note at foot of p. 411). Species and Varieties of Pupa. AOS 8. Pupa griqualandica, M. & P. This species must be closely akin to P. bisulcata, Jick., from Abyssinia, judging alone from description and figure, for I have not been able to examine the type or authenticated specimens of Jickeli’s species. Mr. Ponsonby has, however, very kindly examined for me the specimens in the British Museum bearing that name, in conjunction with specimens of griqualandica, and, while finding them ‘very similar,’ pronounced them to be “at once separable,” basing the separation apparently mainly upon the presence of ‘a large prominent tooth on the outer lip” of bisulcata. This tooth or plait, if not so large, is also present in griqualandica, though, perhaps through being in shadow, is not so conspicuous in the figures chosen by Melvill and Ponsonby to illustrate their species as in Jickeli’s figure. No mentionis made in Melvill and Ponsonby’s description of the two sulez on the outer lip (corresponding with the labral plaits) to be discerned in griqualandica as represented in the figure of disulcata. On the other hand, Jickeli does not record the presence of the sixth, minute, internal basal plait “ visible in some specimens,” which appears te me to be a constant character of griqua- landica, though it is easily overlooked owing to its extreme smallness and internal position. The dimensions given by Jickeli representa considerably larger and comparatively narrower shell than griqualandica, but, as they do not corre- spond with the proportions of his figure, one or other must be wrong-—so neither is reliable. If his figure actually repre- sents a shell of 1{ mm. in height, its width is 1:27 instead of 1 mm. as he states. The dimensions of the shells figured in Melvill and Pon- sonby’s paper are as follows :— Fig. 8. Height 1°52, width 0-89 mm. Fig. 9. jt tA ei | GeSab, ‘The average of twenty-one specimens measured by me is :— Height 1:53, width 0°87 mm., the largest being height 16, width 0°99 mm. The following new localities may be added :—Edendale Falls, near Maritzburg, and mouth of Tongaat River, Natal . coast. 9. Pupa haploa, M. & P. 10. Pupa intradentata, Burnup. 1908. Pupa dysorata, M. & P., var. intradenta, Burnup, M, & P, Ann, '& Mag. Nat. Hist. ser, 8, yol. i. p. 73, pl. i. figs. 5, 6, 406 Mr. H. C. Burnup on South-African Typographical errors in the original render a new descrip- tion necessary. Shell minute, rimate, subcylindrical, elliptical, thin, trans- lucent, shining, very pale brown; spire elongate-turbinate, with greatest width at the fourth whorl; sutures rather deeply impressed, apex very obtuse ; whorls 54, very convex, closely transversely striate, excepting the first 14, which are smooth, the last compressed round the umbilical region ; aperture nearly erect, rounded, nearly 4 the height of the shell. Peristome slightly thickened and reflexed, more so at the columellar margin, scarcely paler than the rest of the shell, with labrum slightly straightened about the middle and much receding towards the base; columella arcuate. The only tooth, conspicuous, white, rounded, and remote, is situate inside, about midway between the last suture and the base and about half a turn from the labrum. Height 1:47, width 0°79 [fig. 5 (Survey)]. gptetdSaye. 62 \(O%8)| gio tau le Hab. Pretoria (Farquhar § Ponsonby). Major Connolly has since supplied me with many specimens, quite agreeing with the type, from the same locality. The following are the dimensions of the largest and smallest adult specimens measured :— Largest: height 1°51, width 0°80. mmalleste +) > a 32) 1.40107, This is the smallest of the South-African group examined by me, and is of a paler colour than most. As compared with P. perpleaa, which seems to be its nearest ally, it is smaller, smoother, paler, and less cylindrical, is only rimate instead of umbilicate, has the peristome less reflexed, and is destitute of the postcolumellar and parietal plaits. As com- pared with dysorata, of which dntradentata appears in the Survey as a variety, it is smaller, more slender, paler, less cylindrical, more loosely coiled, with more ventricose whorls and deeper sutures, and is rimate instead of umbilicate ; the aperture is smaller and rounder, receding more at the base, and is furnished with a tooth in the gullet, not found in dysorata. I am indebted to Mr. Ponsonby for making a careful comparison between Mr. Sykes’s type of dysorata and the type of intradentata in the British Museum, when he was able to confirm most of the details given above. 11. Pupa iota, M. & P. if the word /abrum be read instead of ‘‘labiwm”’ in each Species and Varieties of Pupa. 407 case where the latter occurs, the description in the Survey seems sufficiently to describe the species. The dimensions of the shell depicted in the figure are :— Height 2°06, width 0°87 mm.; the smallest apparently mature specimen that I have measured being 1°67 high and 0°81 mm. wide, and having only about 6 whorls. Var. livingstone, Burnup. A new locality may be recorded for both the typical form and the var., viz. Stander’s Kop, Transvaal (Connolly). The type of the var., said to be in my collection, has since been transferred to the British Museum with the types of the other new forms described in the Survey. Its dimensions are :—Height 2°02, width 0°84 mm. 12. Pupa layardi, Benson. (PI. X. figs. 3, 4.) The fig. presented by Melv. & Pons. does not express the detail with sufficient accuracy for the purposes of comparison ; I therefore take this opportunity of offering new figures for comparison with those of ?layardi, var. minor, Beas. (?= P. stoaphora, Bens.), and P. crawfordiana (M. & P.) on same plate. ‘he shells chosen for my illustrations do not include that figured by Melvill and Ponsonby, though Mr. Ponsonby kindly laid his shell at my disposal for the purpose. They are chosen from a series collected at Hermanus, Caledon Division, in the Cape Province, by Mr. R. M. Lightfoot, as being fresher shells than his, free from extraneous matter in the aperture, and more nearly approaching the size and proportions of Benson’s type. In all essential characters they agree closely with the shells given to Mr. Ponsonby by Mr. Benson. Since the peristome is not at all thickened at the edge, but, on the contrary, is remarkably thin and brittle, the lips are invariably more or less chipped. One of the most conspicuous differences between the present species and P. crawfordiana, M. & P., is the absence from the latter of the trumpet-like extension of the peristome observable in the former. The dimensions of the specimens here figured are as follows :— Fig. 3. Height 7°87, width 3:26 mm. Ee Aha eels. Lavas) ( cOLOT: 145 The shells of this species may be either white or horn- - colour, and the position of the seventh peristomatal process, 408 Mr. H. C. Burnup on South-African the denticle between the inferior parietal and the columellar plait, is very variable ; it is sometimes seen on the parietal wall, sometimes on the columella, and sometimes in the angle between. Var. minor, Bens.? (PI. X. figs. 5, 6.) I also take this opportunity of offering figures of two shells in the collection of Mr. Ponsonby given to him by Mr. Ben- son as representing his species P. stoaphora. They agree in all essentials with P. layardi, Bens., except in their smaller size and darker colour (the larger specimen is chestnut- brown, the smaller rather paler). The following are the dimensions :— Fig. 5. Height 6°88, width 3°07 mm. T2627 ER “OIG Ve OL aera The figures are given as a contribution towards answers to Melvill and Ponsonby’s questions, ‘‘ What is P. stoaphora, Bens. ?” and “ Can this be a synonym of the var. minor?” Since the shells given out by the author as 2. stoaphora, Bens., seem to agree so closely with the description of his P. layardi, var. minor, and since neither Messrs. Melvill and Ponsonby nor Dr. Sturany can trace the debatable species, it seems reasonable to infer that Benson changed its name to var. minor before publication of his differentiation. 13. Pupa nolter, Bttg. Beettger * places this species in Leucochiloides (Microstele). 14. Pupa perplexa, Burnup. Excepting that the word /abrum is printed ‘ labium,” the description in the Survey appears as it was written. As, however, it contains certain ambiguous expressions, I emend it as follows :-— Shell very small, umbilicate, cylindrical, thin, translucent, shining, pale brown; spire cylindrical, rounded above, sutures impressed, apex obtuse ; whorls 6, very convex, closely trans- versely lirate, except the first two which are smooth, the shell at the fourth, fifth, and sixth whorls of nearly equal width, the last half-whorl acquiring its greatest expansion a little below the suture and then being flattened beneath, forming an infrasutural angle, the last whorl compressed towards the umbilicus; aperture rounded, nearly 4 the height of the shell; peristome whitish, reflexed, especially * Abhandl. d. Senckenb, naturf, Gesell. Bd. xxxii. (1910) p. 445. Species and Varieties of Pupa. 409 at the columellar margin, thickened, the ends converging and connected by a thin callus; labrum slightly incurved about the middle; columella straight. The processes of the aperture consist of a small white parietal plait running inwards and there becoming strong, a stout white post- columellar plait also running inwards, and a profoundly post- labral tooth or plait hidden by the columella. The following are the dimensions of the shell figured in the Survey :— Fig. 17. Type: height 1:72, width 0°82 mm. A ato: (SeCtlonal). «5; iliSO.) Escuen Ort mn os Twenty-four out of twenty-six specimens measured by me show very little variation in dimensions, the remaining two, both apparently mature, being somewhat more divergent, V1Z. :— Largest : height 1°88, width 0°83 mm. Sunailesticnc 59) 2°90). 95.4 0°87 4; Bloemfontein (Connol/y) may now be added to the localities quoted by Melv. & Pons. Judging by the descriptions and figures alone, for I have not seen Jickeli’s species, this shell must be akin to his P. lardea, schiller’, and similis from Upper Nubia*, whose apertural processes seem arranged much on the same plan, its nearest ally being the last named ; s¢milis is, however, about one-fourth wider than the present species and has half a whorl less, while the peristome is less expanded and the labrum less bowed inwards, and there is no callus. P. lardea and schiller? are more divergent, being not so high as s¢milis and broader in proportion. 15. Pupa pretoriensis, M. & P. 16. Pupa psichion, M. & P. I have not seen specimens that could be referred to either of the above two species in the very large series of shells from Pretoria that I have been fortunate enough to have laid at my disposal for examination, though the number, since my first study of the group, has been greatly augmented by the collections of Major Connolly. 17. Pupa quantula, M. & P. The co-type in Mr. Ponsonby’s collection, figured in the * Jick. Faun. L. u. Siissw. Moll. N.O.-Af. (1874) pp. 124, 125, 296, pl. v. figs. 14-16. Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. vii. 27 410 Mr. H. ©. Burnup on South-African Survey, is the only specimen of this species that I have seen. Its nearest ally seems to be P. dysorata, M.& P., which it strongly resembles in its remarkably cylindrical form, but from which it may easily be distinguished by its greater length, comparative narrowness, rounder aperture, and much finer sculpture. 18. Pupa sykesi, M. & P. Var. inconspicua, Burnup. Although, while differentiating cnconspicua from sykes?, M. & P., from the material then at my disposal, I considered it to be a distinct species, I can now only concur with Melv. & Pons. in treating them as one. In coming to this decision I am largely indebted to Dr. R. Sturany, who not only iden- tified for me specimens from Dukuduku Forest, Zululand, as being P. pentheri, Stur., but also sent me co-types of his species collected by Dr. Penther at Umbilo Road, Durban. His specimens are somewhat intermediate between sykesz, M. & P., and ¢nconspicua, Burnup, and leave no doubt as to all three forms belonging to one species. P. penthert must therefore be placed in the synonymy of sykes?, and incon- spicua may be retained as an elongate, narrow, fusiform variety of the same species, In adopting my description of the var. ¢xconspicua in its entirety to represent their species, Melvill and Ponsonby are led into certain errors, in that their type is more conic and less fusiform than the var., and has only about 62 whorls instead of 74, while the aperture is more than, instead of nearly, } of the height of the shell; besides which the dimen- sions given do not refer to the type, which measures :— Height 1°82, width 0°83. It may be noted that while the height of imconspicua is greater than that of the type, the width is less. As this attenuate form has so far only been met with at Dargle, it may well be a local race. 19. Pupa tabularis, M. & P. YVhe dimensions of the figured specimen, which is in Mr. Ponsonby’s collection, are not given in the Survey. They are as follows :— Height 3°63, breadth 1°88 mm. 20. Pupa tetrodus, Bttg. 1870. Pupa tetrodus, Bttg. Ber. Offenbach. Ver. Naturk, xi. p. 46, pl. i. figs. 1 a-c. Species and Varieties of Pupa. 411 1880, Pupa (Vertiyo) sinistrorsa, Craven, Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 618, pl. lvii. fig. 8. 1891. Vertigo thaumasta, Mely. & Pons. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 6, vol. viii. p. 239. sae ena thaumasta, Melv. & Pons. ibid. vol. ix. p. 94, pl. vi. 1908. Pupa (Vertigo) sinistrorsa, Craven, Melv. & Pons. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8, vol. i. p. 83. 1910. Pupilla* tetrodus (Bttg.), Abhandl. d. Senckenb. naturf. Gesell. Bd. xxxii. p. 446, 21. Pupa (Faueulus) capensis (Kurr). Var. kurri (Krauss). Var. pottebergensis (Krauss). These varietal names seem scarcely worth perpetuating, as all intermediate forms, as well as other forms with attributes of equal varietal value, exist. 22. Pupa (Fauaulus) fryana (Bens.). 23. Pupa (Fauculus) glanvilleana (Ancey). As Mr. Ancey described this shell very carefully and with close attention to detail in order that it might be recognized from description alone without the help of a figure, it may be taken for granted that no important feature was omitted from his diagnosis. It therefore appears to me that Melvill and Ponsonby erred in choosing the figure of my shell, found at Dargle, Natal, to illustrate Ancey’s species in their Survey, for that shell does not by any means closely agree with Ancey’s description, being shorter and wider than the typical glanvilleana, and possessing two plaits on the base of the peristome not mentioned in Ancey’s description, besides showing other discrepancies. I cannot but doubt if the two forms belong to one species, but in our present ignorance as to what Ancey’s shell really is through no figure having been published with his description, and the type not being avail- able for reference, it is impossible to estimate exactly the extent of the divergence, so I have deemed it best tentatively to treat the Dargle shell as a variety of glanvilleana, with which it seems to have much in common. * If B. B. Woodward’s arrangement be followed, Pupilla aos the subgen. Janimaa (8. 8.). 412 Mr. H. C. Burnup on South-A/rican Var. darglensis, new var. Mely. & Pons. Amn, & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8, vol. i. (1908) pl. ii. fig. 23 [as Pupa (Fuuxulus) glanvilleana (Anc.)). Shell small, conic-oval, rimate and very narrowly perforate, thin, shining, greyish horn-coloured, translucent, sinistral. Spire ovately conic; apex obtuse and mammillated. Whorls 7$, shghtly convex, gradually increasing, with suture distinct but not deep, obliquely sculptured with close, sharply-cut, arched oblique striz, except the first 14 which are smooth, the last more convex, rounded below, much constricted towards the peristome and impressed towards the rima and small perforation, the long inrunning peristomatal processes and spaces between being represented on the outside by alternate grooves and ridges. Aperture upright, irregularly ovate, nearly closed with the following inrunning white plaits :— parietal 2, the first arising as a narrow thread high on the body-whorl, becoming. broader and contorted as it descends, always receding inwards, to below the centre of the aperture, whence it is bent sharply back, embracing the parietal wall, till it is lost sight of in the interior of the shell ; the second, also arising high on the body-whorl, is expanded on the left till it meets the peristome, with which it combines till the lobe of the labrum is reached, whence it doubles back in two foliaceous folds and descends as a simple plait, receding in- wards and following a line parallel with the first till it too is lost sight of in the interior of the shell; labral 3, of which the upper two are small, though deeply penetrating the aper- ture, and rather close together ; the third, though equally narrow, is very long and sinuous and as, in its progress towards the interior, it embraces the expanded outer lip, it is lost to sight till the far end reappears in the gullet ; columellar 3, of which the upper two arise, thread-like, on the edge of the labium, becoming stouter as they curve inwards, the upper one entering at the junction of the parietal wall with the columella, and the lower about the middle of the columella, after taking a wide sweep towards the centre of the aperture; the lowest columellar plait is smaller, but long and penetrating : lastly, there are two plaits on the base of the peristome similar to the lowest columellar plait. Peristome widely expanded, but little thickened except by the plaits which arise close to the margin, paler than the rest of the shell, becoming white at the edges, where its outline is slightly peaked at the sources of the plaits ; the ends con- verge and are connected by a stout glossy callus reaching Sproies and Vurieties of Pupa. 413 high on the body-whorl. The labrum is strongly lobed above the middle and bayed immediately below; on the lower part of this lobe the peristome is slightly thickened, almost to the extent of forming an eleventh plait, between which and the foliated extension of the lower parietal plait is formed a partly covered channel to the interior. Height 3°77, width 2°13 mm. Hab. Dargle (Burnup), also Inhluzani Mountain, Kar- kloof, and Mid-Lllovo, all in Natal. The colour of the shell in life is often whitish grey. As a contribution towards the elucidation of this intricate group, Mr. J. R. le B. Tomlin has kindly sent me a shell, received by him many years ago from either Mr. Ancey or Miss Glanville as representing Ancey’s species. It is not likely to be a co-type, as Ancey only mentions the one locality, Hast London, and Mr. Tomlin’s shell comes from Albany : moreover, it does not agree in detail with Ancey’s description ; I can therefore only consider it a second variety. I am indebted to Mr. W. Iu. Radford for a further example, agreeing in all essentials with Mr. Tomlin’s shell, which he collected for me at Kast London. As, therefore, my only two specimens come from different localities, a geographical, varietal name seems inexpedient; I therefore propose to associate it with Mr. Tomlin’s name :— Var. tomlint, new var. (PI. X. fig. 7.) Shell like var. darglensis, but larger and more conical, with peristome less effusively expanded, callus not extending so high on the body-whorl, and aperture not so much closed by plaits. The lobe and sinus of the labrum are less developed and the thickening of the peristome on the lower part of the lobe ‘‘ almost forming an eleventh plait” is entirely absent, its place being taken by the first labial plait. Vhe lower parietal plait is shorter and its foliated extension to the peri- stome much less effuse, leaving the sutural canal more open. In place of the two inrunning plaits on the base of the peri- stome there is only one, about equidistant between the lowest Jabral and lowest columellar plait. The colour of the varietal type is almost white, that of the co-type pale brown. Height (type of var.) 4:0, width 2°11 mm. » (Kadford’s specimen) 4°17, width 2°27. Hab. Albany (Tomlin), East London (Radford), both in the Cape Province. ‘ In comparing these varieties with Ancey’s description it must be borne in mind that probably what that author treats 414 Mr. H. C. Burnup on South-African as the uppermost of four ‘ palatal” processes is much in the same position as that which I consider a second, or lower, parietal plait. Although, since (in the varieties at any rate) the process in question arises on its one side high on the callus on the body-whorl, and on its other side on the lobe of the labrum, it is conceivable that one student might con- sider it a parietal, while another treated it as a labral plait ; yet I think there can be no doubt that it is (in the varieties) at least the homologue of the second parietal plait to be found in all other members of Ancey’s section Anisoloma. The var. tomlind, then, should be easily distinguished from the type by this plait being less strongly developed, and by the presence of a narrow perforation and a basal plait, absent from the type. 24, Pupa (Faueulus) mebeaniana (M. & P.). (Pix fee.) This striking shell, larger than the preceding species and its varieties, may be horn-coloured, greyish-brown, or milk- white. Normally this species has nine peristomatal processes, viz. two parietal, two columellar, one basal, and four jabral, ot which last named the lowest is large, the central small, and above this, in the sinus of the labrum, are two, very small and close together. In the type, which is not available to me for examination, these two small plaits may be merged into one broad plait, as in the case of a shell from Inhluzani Mountain, in my collection; for the authors do not refer to a pair, nor does the original figure show it. One shell in my collection, also from Inhluzani, bears an additional plait at the base of the columella ; but as it is only one example in many, and is otherwise normal, it must only be looked upon as a sport. As the original figure is very deficient in the detail of the peristomatal processes, a new figure, drawn from a shell in my collection, collected at Dargle, is published herewith. The dimensions of the figured specimen are as follows :— Height 4°5, width 2°58 mm. 25. Pupa (Fauaulus) pamphorodon (Benson). This species seems very variable as to size, the type mea- suring 9 mm. high and 4 wide, while the only specimen that 1 have measured accurately is 7°5 mm. high and 8°75 wide. Species and Varieties of Pupa. 415 26. Pupa (Fauxulus) pereaimia (M. & P.). 27. Pupa (Fauaxulus) ponsonbyana (Morelet). (Pl. X. figs. 9-12.) As Morelet’s description and original figure * do not clearly define the positions, nor even the number, of the peristomatal processes with distinctness, and, moreover, his figure, if cor- rectly drawn, depicts an imperfect shell with the edges of the peristome chipped off, a new series of figures is here offered, which it is hoped will define the species sufficiently clearly to obviate the necessity of revising the description. The figures are drawn from four shells from Grahamstown, kindly supplied to me by Messrs. Ponsonby and Farquhar, and show to some extent the variability in size and general form of this very interesting little species. ‘The measure- ments of a few other shells are given, below the dimensions of the figured specimens, showing the extremes of such shells as I have examined, Fig. 9. Height 3°43, width 1°71 mm. rie Oe oy OD ay. dd See Mls sah Oe) frogs | ek gO ee lee sy <2 Og Voy EO cg, Dimensions of a few other specimens :— Height 3°52, width 1°52 mm. ” 3°99, ” 1°86 Huy) a y Lae Mie, ey oy bE SO es ae Bs The crown of little hairs about the middle of the last whorl, referred to by Ancey [Journ. de Conch. vol. xlix. (1901) p. 141], arises in the peripheral sulcus and extends upwards in the suture, but the hairs are very easily rubbed off. ‘They are not shown in the figures, because washing, so necessary to obtain a clear view of the peristomatal processes and a correct estimate of the depth of the sculpture and suture, has removed every vestige of the hairy coronet. I have examined many specimens and have found the number of peristomatal processes, in addition to the two parietals, to be invariably seven. So far I have only collected two specimens in Natal (at * Journ. de Conch. vol. xxxvii. (1889) pp. 9, 10, pl. i. fig, 5 [Pupa (Faula) ponsonbyana, Morelet}. 416 Bibliographical Notice. Hilton Road and on Zwaartkop near Maritzburg), and they are remarkably high and narrow, the former measuring 3°53 mm. high and 1°62 mm. wide. . The dimensions referring to shells figured in the Survey and herein are taken in the same positions as the shells are shown in the figures; thus the measured width of any speci- men may vary considerably according to whether it is drawn showing a front or a side view, especially if the labrum be much expanded. The types of the new varieties described in this paper will be placed in the British Museum. EXPLANATION OF PLATE X. Figs. 1, 2. Pupa crawfordiana (M. & P.). Figs. 3, 4. Pupa layardi, Bens. Figs. 5, 6. Pupa layardt, var. minor, Bens, ? Fig. 7. Pupa (Fauzulus) glanvilleana (Ancey), var. tomlini, new. Fig. 8. Pupa (Fauaulus) mebeaniana (M. & P.). Figs. 9, 10, 11, 12. Pupa (Fauxulus) ponsonbyana (Morelet). BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTICE. The Amphipoda of Bermuda. By B. W. Kunxen. Trans. Con- necticut Acad. Arts and Sciences, vol. xvi. pp.. 1-116 (1910). Tux tropical Amphipodous Crustacea are still so imperfectly known that this account of species collected in shallow water at the Bermuda Islands is very welcome. Forty-five species of Gam- maridea and Caprellidea are described and figured in considerable detail, of which fifteen are regarded as new, and three new genera are established. No mention is made of the Hyperiidea, though it is hardly to be inferred that this extensive suborder is unrepresented in the Bermudan fauna. In some cases the identification of species described by previous authors is not placed beyond doubt. For example, the form referred on p. 10 to Amphilochus brunneus, Della Valle, differs from the original account of that species in several of the most important specific characters, but no explanation or dis- cussion of the fact is given. ‘The author’s references to literature are scanty and not always correct. For the Caprellide he quotes Mayer's Monograph of 1882, but neither the important ‘* Nachtrag” to that work published in 1890 nor the equally important “ Siboga” Report of the same author (1903). Verrill’s description of Cyamus fascicularis is reprinted, but no attempt is made to show why the species should be regarded as distinct from Oyamus physeteris, Pouchet. T.C a TP THE LONDON, EDINBURGH, AND DUBLIN PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE AND JOURNAL OF SCIENCE. A JOURNAL DEVOTED TO PHYSICS, ASTRONOMY, MECHANICS, CHEMISTRY, MINERALOGY, AND THE ALLIED SCIENCES. MONTHLY, PRICE 2s. 6d. Complete sets (unbound) may be obtained. Prices on application. 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Sg tae ss — R 40.—Lighth Series, Bai Page. XXXIII. Notes on Fossorial “Hiymenopbor —III. ou Rowaxp kad Gee B. ToRnee, Fa 8.2 dt Uae ea aot i ee INC TMA eee 207 i: oe XXXIV. iumpuans and Roborils of Bees: —XXXY. By 7, De A. Cocxnrett, University of Colorado -.......0... 02. ee 310 XXXY. The Osteology and Classification of the Teleostean Fishes — “e ne ‘ of the Order Microcyprini. By C.Tarm Ruean, M.A. (Plate VIII.) 820, . XXXVI. The Classification of the Teleostean Fishes of the Ouilets Synentognathi. By C. Tarn Rrean, M.A. (Plate TX.) ......., 327 a XXXVII. Note on Parasitic Castration in the Earthworm Lite oN bricus herculeus. By Iazrna B. J. es, BSc., N ewnham College, yor Gam bridge 43s ictng is, Ae ee eae ec eee Me ie hier zy XXXVIIT. Ona new Marsupial. By Prof. F. gga ae the, Ns Hon. Wattar Rornscniip, PHD. i eed 14 ea ee eet 337 S XXXIX. Rhynchotal Notes.—LI1Y. By: W.L. Distant .. see . 838 a XL. New Species of Heterocera from Costa Rica. wt: i Wi Soraus, FAW eines yr es RS ae ett cor en Neo game oe aes 1+ 808 XLI. Descriptions of new Freshwater Fishes see ered hy Dr. W. ; J. Ansorge in Portuguese Guinea, By G. A. Bounenerr, F.R.S. .. 873 XLII. Description of a new Cichlid Fish from Mashonaland. By .As BouLpNeuag; PR Bit, oh seas us Acs oes oe en eee 377 XLIIL. Description of a new Fish of the Genus Polygters us from . Liberia. . By G. A. Boutmyepr, F.R.S. 06... ee. sored tame ncnag te aye ab. XLIV. On new African Muride. By Oineuee ee cy. ea aa XLY. A new Vole from Eastern Asia. By OLprFrE.p Tuomas os 3883 XLVI. Three new Mammals from Dutch New Guinea. oe Reap SHOLDETEDDT BOM MB’ 00 pac Os os Gr caer a Pcs aanchat Man hie gst oan ge} ae Note on a new Leech ( Placobdella wy yptiaca) fr om 2 Beypt By Wy A. HAagpIne, Mi As EIS) coat sete 13 gett Mnlaiaa ye eee * 388 XLVIII. On Tenth Beetles belonging to the Subfamilies te Ochodeine, Orphnine, Hybosorme, and Trogine. By ips, J. 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By Prof. M:Intosu, F.R.S., Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews *. In his observations on the Annelids from the Island of St. Catherine, off the coast of Brazil, Dr. Fritz Miiller, in 1858, briefly mentions fT, under the name of Magelona papilli- cornis, a remarkable form with a flattened snout, two long tentacles furnished with cylindrical papille, corpusculated blood, and other features which appear to agree in the closest manner with the British annelid which forms the subject of the following remarks. The type was next referred to by Dr. Edouard Claparéde in his account { of a larval form which he found at St. Vaast la Hougue, on the west coast of France. ‘The same singular species, however, as that indi- cated by the first-mentioned author was probably originally discriminated by the late Dr. George Johnston, of Berwick §, but as his description was not published until 1865 ||—long after his death—the name (Mea mirabilis) he gave it lapses. In Britain it has occurred abundantly at St. Andrews, and also, as Dr. Carrington first showed §, at Southport; indeed, * Translated from the Zeitsch. f, wiss. Zool. Bd. xxxi. p. 401 (1878). + “Einiges uber die Annelidenfauna der Insel Santa Catharina an der Brasilianischen Kiiste,” von Dr. Fr. Miiller. (Aus einer brieflichen Mit- theilung an Prof. Grube.) Hierzu Taf. vi. & vii. Archiv fiir Naturges. 1858, p. 211. + ‘ Beobachtungen tiber Anat. n. Entwicklungsgeschichte wirb. Thiere an der Kuste von Normandie angestellt,’ Leipzig, 1863. § From preparations forwarded by the distinguished botanist, Dr. Greville. || ‘ British Museum Catalogue of Worms,’ p. 278. q Proceed. Lit. & Philos, Soc. Manchester, iv, 1865, p. 185. Ann & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. vii. 28 418 Prof. M-Intosh on the it probably inhabits similar sandy flats at and beyond the margin of low water on many shores—in company. with Valencinia armandi, Glycera, Aricia, Spio, Lanice conchilega, and the crustacean and mollusecan fauna characteristic of such sites. It is a slender annelid, 150 mm. to 200 mm. in length, pale pinkish anteriorly, dull greyish green (from the glands of the digestive chamber) posteriorly. The snout is eyeless, remarkably flattened, translucent, and thinned at the edges, like a pointed spatula. Behind a constriction on each side of the head a long tentacle occurs, the anterior surface of which has rows of elongated papillz of a somewhat cylindrical outline. The segments of the body are numerous, and they gradually diminish posteriorly and terminate in a broad papilla with a cirrus at each side, a little beyond the anus. The body is divided into two well-marked regions, in the first of which (besides the head) are nine double pairs of bristles, and in this respect it approaches the Heterospio longissima of Prof. Ehlers*, which also has nine anterior segments. The inferior groups are simple, delicate, and tapering, and they have a larger free portion and a more pronounced terminal curve than the superior series. Both have lateral expansions or wings, which, however, are wider in the superior bristles and most pronounced posteriorly. The latter are also more numerous. The ninth series of bristles has undergone ‘special modifi- cation. Each of the four broad fan-shaped groups consists of slender translucent bristles with dilated tips and filiform processes. The enlargement at the tip seems to be formed by a modification of the wings, and various degrces of developmeut can be traced in them: thus in one of those next the few simple bristles (with broad wings) which correspond with the anterior tufts, the dilatation at the tip being comparatively slight. Next the foregoing a larger tip is found, and then the well-marked series occurs, the axis or shaft tapering to a fine point near the tip, while the wings coutinue as broad margins, and coalesce into the translucent expansion with the filiform process. In the dorsal groups there is only a tendency to the formation of the simple bristles at each end of the row, the rest consisting of those with the enlarged translucent tips. The bristles of this segment would appear to be homologous with the special forms in the third segment in Disoma, the fourth in the Cheetopteride, and the fifth in Po/ydora, and probably are of * Zeitsch. f. w. Zool. Bd. xxv. p. 60, Structure of Magelona. 419 service to the animal in protruding its anterior region from the sand into the surrounding water for aeration and food, as well as forming a special fulcrum during the movements of the snout and anterior region in boring. Behind the preceding each segment is furnished with two rows of hooks on each side, all corresponding in structure, viz. winged hooks with bifid crowns, the most anterior having the larger wings. When the hooks are viewed in front the wings form a complete guard by uniting in a translucent arch superiorly. In the posterior region of the body a tuft of simple curved bristles occurs as a kind of support to each pillar of the lateral lamelle. Moreover, a very fine tuft of hair-like bristles, only observed on careful examination in the living animal, projects behind the pedicle of the lamella in the same region. It is difficult to believe that such are the tips of the former, yet no others can be seen in the mounted preparations. Such are probably homologous with the curious hidden spicular or asbestos-like bristles in Polydora. In the first region of the body the bristles and processes are situated at*the extreme front of each segment, near the segment-junction. The ninth series occupies a prominent ridge near the middle of their extremely short segment. In the posterior region the hooks are placed at first toward the anterior margin of the segment; they then gradually pass backward till they reach the posterior border of each segment laterally. The anatomy of Magelona may, for convenience, be arranged under the following heads :— I. The Cutaneous System, including: ]. The Cuticle, and 2. The Hypoderm. II. The Muscular System. III. The Digestive System, including the Proboscis. *1V. The Circulatory System. * V. The Perivisceral Fluid. VI. The Nervous System. VII. The Tentacles. VII. The Reproductive System. * IV. and V. have already been translated in the Journ. Anat. & Physiol. vol. xii. pp. 331-348 (1879). Further remarks may by-and-by be made, especially in connection with Prof. Benham’s more recent researches. 238* 420 Prof. M‘Intosh on the I. THe Curanrovus System. 1. The Cuticle. In the snout the cuticle forms a dense translucent invest- ment, thickest in the median line dorsally and diminishing toward each lateral margin. On the ventral surface the same arrangement occurs, but the coat is appreciably thinner. In front of the mouth the depth of the cuticle increases in the median ventral region, especially behind the separation of the central longitudinal muscles. It then diminishes in thickness and becomes continuous with the superficial layer of the oral region, and will be considered under that head. Toward the posterior end of the snout a considerable layer occurs on the body-wall below the decreasing lateral expan- sions, which likewise have a thicker covering than in front. In the anterior region of the body it forms a well-marked layer, though it is proportionally thinner than on the snout. On the whole, it is thinnest on the lateral regions and the lamellze beyond the pedicles, while it attains its maximum on the ventral surface under the nerve-cords and toward the median line. When the living animal is viewed from the ventral surface the small hypodermic pads existing on the fifth, sixth, seventh, and eighth segments, just in front of the transverse division of the feet, cause a distinct forward arch of the cuticle in the median line. The elevation on the fourth segment is indistinct and the eighth is less than the seventh. At the latter a pale belt is observed on each side, slanting backward to meet in the median line, and from the point of junction a single central band is continued posteriorly. Such probably indicates the union of the neural canals. In the second or posterior region of the body the cuticle is thinner than in the first, the densest part being in the ventral median line, where the nerve-cords occur. It is very attenuate at the tip of the tail. The cuticle (with the hypoderm) is thrown into very regular wrinkles in contraction. Pores are very difficult to see in this apparently structureless tunic, even in the most favourable regions, such as the cuticle covering the tips of the tentacles and the papille of the same organs; but very fine specks stud the cuticle of the anterior region of the body. In life the surface of the cuticle shows many fine palpocils. It is this coat more than any other which gives firmness and elasticity to the annelidan surface and distinguishes it from the soft cihated skin of the Nemerteans (toughness of Structure of Magelona. 421 cuticle, as in this case, often coinciding with entire absence of cilia). Instead of that disintegration of surface which so readily takes place in the latter, it is often found that the tough hyaline cuticle holds together, as in a bag, the decaying and. pulpy internal tissues. In this form the cuticle is characterized by its great strength on the head and anterior region of the body, so as to enable it to resist the friction inseparable from such active habits in the sand. M. Clapa- réde observes that the sedentary annelids are characterized by the delicacy of this coat, a condition he attributes to the special protection afforded by their tubes; and the habits of Magelona would explain the structural differences in this respect between the anterior and posterior regions of the body. The habits of Magelona seem to be too active for the attachment of external parasites (Infusoria &c.) which are common in Nephthys aud other forms that burrow in the sand. 2. The Hypoderm. The hypoderm forms a very large proportion of the tissues of the flattened snout *, the whole region outside the four muscular compartments being occupied by it; and when the snout attains full development the lateral hypodermic expan- sion almost equals in breadth the entire muscular region. The lateral expansion is often deeply frilled during life, and, moreover, presents certain secondary folds within the edge— features which would lead one to suppose that it contains no muscular fibres. In front of the dilatation at the origin of each tentacle a semilunar fold, with the concavity directed outward, occurs at the margin. The hypoderm also forms a wedge-shaped mass between the median muscular compart- meuts anteriorly. After the muscular chambers are fully formed the snout may be divided into a median and two lateral regions, though, of course, the tissue is quite con- tinuous. ‘I'he dorsal hypoderm forms an almost uniform belt of cells and granules, which, in vertical transverse section, present numerous nearly vertical streaks. The breadth of the ventral hypoderm is greatest toward the median line, diminishes at each side to a mere streak under the external muscle, and again expands in the lateral region. The symmetrical streaks of the median part (which is more * Ranzania, a form included under the Cheetopterida by M. Claparéde, has a large bilobed flattened snout i ‘ Les Annél, Chétopodes du Golfs de Naples,’ p. 126, pl. xi. fig. 1) 492 Prof. M‘Intosh on the compact and granular than the rest) are directed from each side downward and inward, then outward toward the narrow part under the external muscle. The lateral division has the form of a lanceolate process on each side, the wide base abutting on the convex margin of the muscular compartment, from which a chitinous plate proceeds outward along the central line. The hypodermic tissue is lax at the basal or wide portion, and becomes more granular toward the free margin in the preparations. In transverse vertical section the soft connective-tissue fibres extend from the central chitinous plate upward and outward dorsally and downward and outward ventrally, the whole having the aspect of a leaf with its midrib and veins. At the external margin a fan-like arrangement of the fibres occurs. In vertical longitudinal sections a similar appearance is found, though in this case the leaf is almost linear. No trace of capillaries occurs in the lateral or other hypoderm of the snout. Proceeding backward, the ventral hypodermic tissue increases in bulk, and its structure becomes more distinctly fibrous, and by-and-by it passes upward so as to separate the median muscular spaces, as in front. In the large area formed between the latter spaces the fibres of the hypoderm follow definite courses. JDorsally they sweep from the cuticular margin downward and outward to the inner mus- cular compartment, and a few of the inner fibres pass to the chamber for the blood-vessels beneath. Ventrally they are directed from the latter and the chitinous process externally, downward and inward to the cuticle. Such fibres would aid in retaining the muscular chambers in position during the varied movements of the snout and give firmness to the region. Still increasing in extent, the ventral hypoderm then presents a small oblong area above the cuticle, in the median line. This is the precursor of the great transverse space immediately behind. Above the latter space the hypo- derm is vertically streaked by somewhat isolated bands of fibres, and numerous granular cells occur all over, especially in the more opaque central region superiorly. When the latter has reached its full development the large dorsal area with its dense covering of cuticle is divisible into two parts— an upper cellulo-granular and an inferior fibro-granular region—stretching from side to side between the remnants of the central longitudinal muscle. The fibres are chiefly transverse in direction, though some (apparently pertaining . to the vertical series previously mentioned) pass at right angles to these from above downward to the roof of the space. The ventral hypoederm is now much more lax and Structure of Magelona. 423 the cuticle thinner, and there are indications, e.g. the lateral frill, that the mouth is approaching. The lateral expansions of the snout (which resemble alz in transverse section) also diminish considerably, their shape alters from the lanceolate to a more or less cylindrical condition, and then, by a basal constriction, they resume a clavate appearance. The cuticle on these expansions is much thicker dorsally than ventrally, and, while the chitinous raphe is placed in the lower third instead of the middle of the processes, the hypodermic fibres preserve the same arrangement in front. Immediately behind the transverse space alluded to above, and in a line with the commencement of the dorsal longitudinal muscles, the hypoderm somewhat increases in thickness toward the base of the expansion, slightly narrows at the dorsal arch, and again expands before the decided narrowing occurs over the dorsal longitudinal muscles. From the inferior border of the base of the lateral expansion a chitinous septum joins the raphe at a somewhat acute angle, and cuts off a narrow strip of hypoderm, to which and the great lobe, projecting beneath the expansion, it acts as a party-wall. The ventral hypoderm has now merged into the foliaceous surface of the oral region. The lateral expansions of the snout then decrease (in transverse section) to simple processes in which the raphe is barely visible and then disappears. They spring from a thick mass of hypoderm marked by certain Jarge areole, and which gradually diminishes dorsally until the middle line is reached. A slender neck of hypoderm proceeds downward along the now slightly projecting process beneath the ex- pansion, and then enlarges to form a bulbous ventral mass, which contains the nerve-cord with its neural canal (situated externally). It then becomes continuous, by a narrow strip, with the buccal region. The expansion soon shrinks to a blunt process, and the hypodermic band between the dorsal and ventral regions elongates. The ventral hypoderm also increases and its cuticular investment is thicker. At the oiigin of the tentacles the hypoderm of the snout forms an arch over their base, the outer edge being thick, while the inner part of the arch is more translucent. In some views it simulates an aperture. Behind the oral region the hypoderm still forms a com- plete ring. A narrow arch occurs over the dorsum, but it widens at each side and at intervals runs into the lateral lamelle, which, with the exception of the delicate cuticular investment, are almost wholly formed of this tissue. A somewhat thick layer courses down the lateral region and 424 Prof. MIntosh on the over the longitudinal ventral muscle—on the ventral surface of which it increases in depth,—to protect the nerve-trunk situated in the hollow next the oblique muscle. The layer then gradually diminishes toward the middle line, and, passing over, follows the same arrangement on the opposite side. The neural canal now lies on the ventral aspect of the nerve-trunk. The thick layer on the lateral dorsal regions has the hypodermic fibres directed upward and outward, while the fibres in the ventral masses at the nerve-trunks pass outward and downward. ‘The hypodermic nerve-area soon becomes quite ventral in position, and the neural canal is inferior and internal to the nerve. The latter is further protected by a thicker layer of cuticle than that on the dorsum. Just below the inferior bristle-bundles (at the lower edge of the attachment of the oblique muscle) a rather constant fold of the hypoderm and cuticle occurs from the fourth to about the eighth segment, and in transverse sections a space (or canal) appears in the hypoderm. The granular matter next the basement-tissue is also increased at this point. The chief change that ensues in the anterior region of the body is the gradual diminution of the hypodermic area between the nerve-cords. The neural canals, leaving the latter, glide inward to the middle line, first getting under the convex bellies of the transverse muscles and then uniting in the centre. The nerves still occupy a position on each side under the point of attachment of the vertical and oblique muscles. In regard to the disposition of the other parts of the hypoderm it may be meutioned that besides the increase at the nerve-cords, other thickenings occur at the opposite points of the dorsal region in the preparations (viz. at the dorsal end of the vertical muscular band). The shortening and diminution of the transverse ventral muscle toward the posterior end of the region permit the nerve-cords to approach each other; indeed, little hypoderm is left between them around the median (neural) canal. In the ninth segment the dorsal hypoderm is divided into a narrow layer over the muscles and the two great dorsal lamelle. That on the lateral wall of the body has diminished in depth, but the ventral hypoderm is not much altered. Then the great infero-lateral lamellae oceupy the body-wall, and confine the ventral hypoderm to a narrower area. Finally, the dorsal layer diminishes in thickness and spreads outward, so as to inaugurate the condition of the posterior region, which consists of a very thin firm granular layer of hypo- derm over the dorsal longitudinal muscles, with a deeper Structure of Magelona. 425 wedge in the middle line, and a slightly broader region at the sides where it joins the lamella. The lateral wall has a better marked, and in the preparations a loosely cellular, belt (due to the escape of the bacillary corpuscles), while the ventral is denser and somewhat broader. The nerves have now come so close togetier that the neural canal is thrust beneath them. The fibres of the hypoderm slant downward and inward beneath the neural canal on each side in contraction. The cuticle is very thin over the lateral regions, somewhat thicker on the dorsal aspect, and compa- ratively dense over the nerve-area. Toward the posterior end this coat forms a very thin layer over the dorsal and ventral longitudinal muscles, widening at the outer edge of each to join the thicker lateral hypoderin in which bacillary cells abound. On each side of the sub- neural canal there is an increase in breadth, but the median dorsal wedge is insignificant. Near the tip of the tail, again, the neural hypoderm is somewhat larger and passes further outward ; that on the lateral regions also stretches further upward and downward, and abounds in large bacillary cells. The neural canal disappears toward the tip of the tail. The tapering tail ends in an intermediate rounded portion and two lateral cirri, as in certain other members of the Spionidz. ach of the latter processes has a thin covering of cuticle, the rest being hypodermic tissue, the cells or glands being arranged in a somewhat regular manner, espe- cially along the posterior border, where they pass from the cuticle downward and inward. The cells are flask-shaped or fusiform and contain granules and bacilli. The hypoderm of the cirri blends smoothly into the rounded intermediate portion. The description of the lateral lamella (which are two on each side) falls under this head. Each of these (to take, for example, the fourth or fifth behind the ninth bristle-bundles) has a delicate cuticular investment, the interior being formed by hypodermic tissue. At the base of the lamella is a group of simple bristles (formerly mentioned) which apparently serves to strengthen the pedicle. In certain views a channel appears in the latter, but no fluid has been seen therein, neither is there a vascular coil in the process. During life considerable contractions occur on the concave side, where the striated muscular fibres lying within the curve of the bristles of the process pass from the inferior margin of the upper lamella to the body-wall, and then turn outward to the upper border of the inferior process. 426 Prof. M‘Intosh on the In the anterior region the dorsal lamell, as usually seen from the dorsum, are larger than the inferior and somewhat more translucent. In front of the insertion of the bristles is a pad of cuticle and hypoderm. While the inferior lamella is smaller, its bristles are longer. The lamellze of the ninth body-segment are very prominent, and between them and the pads in front the bristles project. In the posterior segments each forms a large fan-shaped process extending from the body-wall, and a pad at the base bears the hooks. In addition to the lamella there isa small conical hypodermic papilla (which, in the living animal, at first sight resembles the point of a spine) at the inner side of each row of hooks. Toward the tail they assume a filiform appear- ance, and in section their structure approaches that of the caudal cirri. In minute structure the hypoderm very much resembles the cutis of the Nemerteans, presenting under pressure a series of flask-shaped cells or glands, from which the contents often escape in the form of clear and granular globules. Moreover, it contains a vast number of bacillary cells or glands, the structures being slightly acted on by water, which are found abundantly in the snout, cover for the most part the entire anterior region, and besides being continuous along the sides in the posterior region, form a band across the body behind each row of hooks. They are very con- spicuous in the caudal region. Most of the so-called granular glands or cells, indeed, seem to be bacillary cells. The appearance of the latter varies according to position, for when seen on end each appears to be granular, while a lateral view exhibits the rod- like bacillary bodies. These organs are soon destroyed by pressure and are not well seen in most spirit-preparations. They are best observed in living or fresh animals in sea- water, are common in the Spionide, and are termed by M. Claparéde bacilliparous glands. When pressure is made on the posterior end of a fresh specimen the enormous numbers of these cells and bodies is remarkable, and the latter often form stellate groups on piercing the cuticle. Many of the cells contain pigment and others a large clear globule. In the tentacles are a number of small but distinctly granular hypodermic cells, which form rows in the contracted state between the rugz of the cuticle, at the base, below the papillose margin. A hypodermic process (like a short conical tentacle) Structure of Magelona. 427 projected from the edge of the snout in a specimen apparently undergoing repair after injury *. II. Tae Muscuvar System. Head.—The muscular system of the snout consists of a median and a lateral pair of longitudinal muscles. The median form symmetrical muscles which stretch from the tip of the snout (in advance of the lateral) to the mouth. Viewed from above the fibres slant backward and inward toward the middle line throughout the greater part of the muscles; but after they separate posteriorly the direction of the fibres is more nearly transverse—slanting from above downward: and inward at a wide angle and as a boldly marked series. If a transverse section be made at the very tip of the snout, the area is hypodermic and cuticular, with the exception of two small oval regions representing the attachments of these muscles, which are widely separated by a hypodermic wedge. The latter gradually diminishes, so that by-and-by the section of the central muscles has the aspect of a pair of spectacles, the muscles forming the eyes and the nasal bridge being represented by the chitinous connecting-bar, which is continuous with the investment of each muscle. As the chitinous basement-tissue just mentioned is of considerable functional importance in the snout, it may be well to describe its arrangement before proceeding further with the muscles with which it is intimately associated. As indicated, the chitinous supports in this region of the snout form for each muscle a complete investment, which, more- over, is connected with its fellow by a median bar; while from the outer edge of the chitinous rim a thin lamella passes outward to the tip of the hypodermic expansion, and there- fore represents the claspers or limbs of the spectacles (in transverse section). By-and-by (proceeding backward) a * In these days of elaborate instrumental aids it is well to mention that, though the majority of such appliances were at command, nothing better has been found than the following simple method of examining the structure of such forms in the prepared state:—The specimens are placed in absolute alcohol, fitted to very fine corks, again immersed with the latter in alcohol, cut in the hand with a keen razor, and mounted in chloride of calcium. Dexterity will not, as a rule, enable the observer to make trustworthy researches on badly prepared examples of the Annelida. If the tissues are so soft that the pressure of the thin glass cover injures them, it is sometimes convenient to mount them with a very fine section of the cork in a suitable position, 428 Prof. M‘Intosh on the second chamber is formed by a loop which adjoins the lateral and inferior part of the former and surrounds the tip of the blood-vessels, as well as inferiorly the origin of the lateral muscles. It is from this anterior loop that the chitinous lamella of the lateral expansion originates. By the gradual coalescence of the inner margins of the chitinous rings of the median muscles their outline in transverse section resembles a figure of eight; and the lateral loop forms quite as large a chamber appended to each side. Coalescence of the chitinous basement-tissue goes on rapidly, so that a figure resembling a crown is next formed by the investment of the central muscles. Dorsally is a gently convex arch, which dips downward at the median line to join the strong vertical partition, and curves downward externally at the poiut of junction with the outer wall of the external chamber and the intermediate septum. The latter passes downward and inward to meet the short ventral (chitinous) floor, which in the preparations is slightly drawn upward, where it unites with the vertical septum. The external loop is large and rounded, but is thinner than the investment of the central muscle. It joins the transverse floor at the junction of the external septum, and on each side encloses the external muscle and the special space for the blood-vessels, which lie on the septum between it and the inner chamber. The crown-like arrangement of the chitinous basement-tissue is retained throughout the greater part of the snout, though, by the increase of the lateral chamber and the change in position of the vascular area, the appearances around it are somewhat altered. The median and the lateral septa and the transverse ventral plate are the strongest portions of the chitinous apparatus. The investment of the outer compartment and the loop enclosing the vascular area are thin. When the ventral hypodermic tissue in front of the mouth attains considerable depth, the median sulcus of the chitinous crown superiorly is much increased by the shortening of the septum; and by-and-by the figure-of-eight shape is again assumed, the lateral septum being almost horizontal throughout the middle third, over the vascular area, which now projects inferiorly in its special chitinous investment. Both chambers are sensibly diminished, and finally the median separate to form with the lateral a figure of eight in transverse section on each side of the central hypoderm. The chitinous ring for the central muscle is irregularly round and has a firm loop for the vessels attached inferiorly, while the outer still gives off the lateral lamella. Then the chitinous investment of the vessels moves to the inner and Structure of Magelona. 429 inferior margin of the central muscular area, and sends a bar to meet its fellow of the opposite side. The chitinous supports of the vascular area and the septa between the muscular spaces are strong. Lastly, the median muscular investment disappears, leaving, about the origin of the tentacles, only the external chamber, which sends a process outward to the base of the tentacle, and another from the same point to join the ventral cuticle ; while between these hie the hypodermic nerve-area and the neural canal (supe- riorly and externally). The chitinous investment does not closely surround the external muscle, but, sending its lower bar upward and inward, a considerable space is by-and-by formed, Thereafter the chitinous layer is continued back- ward as the external support of the muscle, and may for the present be left. The chitinous basement-system thus constitutes a kind of endo skeleton for the entire snout, giving, with the cuticle, firmness to the organ in its ceaseless thrusts into the sand, supporting its muscles, and confining their action (in lieu of a circular coat) to the most favourable lines, and with its flexible plates—even more than the beams of a ship—lending the necessary power of resistance to the yielding tissues of the snout and protecting the blood-vessels. Moreover, the continuity between the base of the tentacles and the chitinous support of the ventral longitudinal muscles gives a com- pleteness to the system which most admirably adapts the whole anterior region for its special functions. It is found—to continue the account of the median longi- tudinal muscles—that they are not simple bands, but, as might be inferred from their chitinous investment and the arrangement of the fibres, they act to a certain extent obliquely as well as longitudinally. Before the appearance of the lateral muscles at the tip of the snout, and when the spectacle-hke arrangement of the pair exists in transverse section, each consists of a thick dorsal arch of fibres, which proceeds a short distance downward at each end, while the ventral part of the chamber is occupied by granular tissue. The muscular fasciculi are nearly linear and slant from above downward, with varying degrees of obliquity according to the condition of the preparation. When the spaces assume the form of a crown, fasciculi pass from the arch nearly at right angles; others extend from the upper part of the median septum downward and inward. Moreover, the outer fasciculi from the external septum join the larger which pass to the bottom, then curve inward along the ventral chitinous floor, and meet the descending fasciculi at 430 Prof. M‘Intosh on the the median septum. The histological characters of the lower half just described differ from the superior, in so far as the whole section is more granular and the striz less distinct ; indeed, in most views it presents a glandular appearance with numerous concentrically arranged striz. Soft cellular substance generally fills up the space in the centre. When the crown-like appearance in section has attained full development, the muscle in each central space is most bulky internally, and the fasciculi from the median septum extend further downward, the arrangement having a some- what pennate appearance. Before the separation of these chambers occurs (7. e. when they have assumed the form of a figure of eight) the muscle occupies about three-fourths of the diminished area, passing from the upper half of the short median septum, and extending past the junction of the external chamber superiorly. The direction of the muscular fasciculi is also more horizontal—except at the outer or superior border,—and the cellular or glandular tissue is much less. The latter becomes still more diminished, and the fasciculi in the nearly circular area are directed downward and inward, the most conspicuous occupying the middle. Finally the muscle ceases in ordinary sections in a line with the tentacles. The median muscles are thus confined entirely to the snout, and, from their relations with the chitinous environment, act in various ways on the flattened organ. ‘The presence of the cellular or glandular tissue within the same sheath and its changes in those bearing the lateral organs are also noteworthy. The whole tissues of the snout, indeed, sympathize with such changes, for the muscles become less firm and more granular, the chitinous supports less distinct, and the blood-vessels, as will be seen afterwards, shrink to short trunks about a third their ordinary length. The lateral muscles of the snout take origin anteriorly a little behind the former, gradually widen imto broad ribbon- shaped bands, then become narrower toward the mouth, and are continued backward as the ventral longitudinal muscles of the body-wall. Their fibres are chiefly longitudinal in direction, and in partial contraction the muscles in the snout assume a barred appearance at the outer margins—the bars or ridges slanting from without inward and slightly back- ward. Careful examination in the fresh specimen also reveals a series of very fine transverse fibres, which, from the triangular region in front of the mouth to the anterior third, slant forward and outward. In general arrangement these muscles present in the snout certain well-marked differences from their subsequent structure. In front each Structure of Magelona,. 431 at first appears in transverse section as a small band, lying chiefly below the median muscle, and having the vascular area superiorly and externally. When the crown-shaped arrangement of the central muscles occurs, the external (or lateral) have attained a somewhat larger size, and their five parallel fasciculi in section are placed in a concentric manner round the chitinous loop. Each muscle therefore forms a hollow process in the snout, and in the fresh specimen, under compression, granules and cells rush to and fro in the median space. ‘lhe latter, in the preparations, holds lax cellulo-granular tissue—also somewhat conceutri- cally arranged. The septum between it and the median muscle is, for the most part, occupied by the vascular area and presents no fasciculi, so that the muscle thus has the form of the letter U, the thickest mass occurring superiorly, and the thinnest at the curve of the U externally. At the tip of the U superiorly the fasciculi are directed downward and outward, and inferiorly upward and more obliquely outward. Proceeding backward the area of the muscle Jargely increases, chietly toward the ventral surface, but the general direction of its fasciculi is the same. Before the separation of the muscles in front of the mouth the area, again, considerably diminishes, especially in regard to the lax central tissue. Immediately after the separation, the gap caused by the passage of the vessels under the central area is filled by the latter tissue, and the limbs of the U approach each other more closely at the tip, but they do not unite. In a line with the base of the tentacles the small rounded area of each lateral muscle in section is almost entirely occupied by the fasciculi, which are nearly horizontal in direction, the upper, however, inclining downward and the inferior upward. There is now a tendency toward a ventral position, the superior curve of the muscle disappearing and the inner ventral region increasing in size. Behind the tentacles it is almost vertical, with the fasciculi for the most part directed transversely, the convex chitinous support being external—its superior edge running into the base- ment-tissue under the dorsal hypoderm ; while the inferior border terminates at the insertion of the oblique muscle (in this region vertical) which forms its inner border and shuts it in a special compartment. In the concavity of the muscle is still found a little of the lax cellulo-granular tissue. The muscle gradually enlarges and moves downward so as to get beneath the bristles and toward the infero-lateral region. About the ninth body-segment it becomes chiefly ventral in position, then rapidly diminishes in size at this segment, 432 Prof. M‘Intosh on the and is wholly ventral, though with the same immediate relations, viz., the external (now ventral) chitinous layer, and internally the fibres of the oblique muscle. In the fresh specimen the rapid diminution and increase of each muscle and the perfect continuity of the fibres are well shown. Thereafter it rapidly enlarges and approaches the middle line, assuming an ovoid form in transverse section— the deepest fasciculi being in the middle. On attaining full development in the posterior region, the size exceeds that of the dorsal, the fasciculi slanting from the summit of the nerve near the median line outward to the attachment of the external vertical muscle. The outline in the preparations (transverse sections) is convex inferiorly—an approach to the condition observed at the commencement of the anterior region of the body. It still has a very thin chitinous in- vestment externally, and the oblique muscle bounds it internally, except the ova distend the body-wall and separate them. Toward the tip of the tail a considerable diminution takes place before its termination. In the ordinary condition of the snout, as well as during the development of the peculiar organs on the sides of the body, a granular fluid is observed oscillating (under com- pression) in the interior of both cephalic muscles (median and lateral). The detached globules (which roll about) seem to be associated especially with the changes and altered nutrition of the reproductive period, and occur throughout the whole extent of the muscular cavity. After the separation of the central muscles of the snout the conspicuous hypodermic fibres already described occur in both dorsal and ventral regions. Such are probably elastic, and are connected functionally with the great central vascular region. They form a somewhat radiate arrange- ment around the ventral space inferiorly. Posterior to the fibres just mentioned are a series of muscular fibres, which subdivide the great vascular area—wide in the middle and narrow at the ends in transverse section. They form a powerful transverse muscle connecting the inferior ends of the external chitinous septa (between the central and external muscles) and the inferior borders of the former area. The space is further divided by a series of strong fibres which pass from the centre and sides of the roof downward to the ventral chamber, where they spread out, forming intersecting bands. As the central muscle of the snout rapidly disappears in this region, the transverse muscular plate is attached at each side to the somewhat angular inner border of the chitinous investment of the . Structure of Magelona. 433 lateral (external) muscle ; and it is clear that this powerful band is the chief agent in narrowing the snout from side to side. Proceeding backward it is found to increase in strength, while the vertical fibres in the inferior space diminish (a few occurring laterally). Then a stronger vertical series, springing from the middle of the chitinous arch superiorly—between two lateral channels—and spreading out in a fan-like manner through the powerful transverse plate above mentioned, reaches the ventral hypoderm with its base and obliterates the inferior space. The two muscles are evidently antagonistic in action, and their important functions in connection with the vascular system may be further exemplified by contrasting specimens in which the region is contracted with those in which it is largely dilated. ‘he inner wall of the chamber being composed of elastic chitinous tissue, very great expansion is permitted. In longitudinal sections the transverse muscle is well seen in its space just in front of the mouth, with the vessels at its upper border. The space or cavity is comparatively short (antero-posteriorly) ; indeed, it is confined to the pre-oral region. Further, the vertical fibres from the chitinous superior arch seem to meet over the transverse muscle and send bundles in front of and behind it—the latter being the stronger. The fibres of the vertical muscle are attached to a chitinous plate, which springs from the anterior border of the superior transverse muscle, beneath which the dorsal blood-vessels pass. The latter muscle in some preparations is narrow and deep in the middle, and spreads out at each side. The next muscles that come under notice are the longi- tudinal dorsal, which, when viewed from above, take origin between the forks of the chitinous process over the mouth as narrow ribbons, widen till about the sixth set of bristles, then diminish to the ninth, and again spread out thereafter. In section they are found to commence in front of the vascular space as two small slips surrounded by the usual chitinous basement-tissue situated over the transverse muscle. They then pass below the latter, increase in size, and form the superior arch of the chamber for the dorsal blood-vessel. Proceeding backward they gradually extend outward and enlarge—the deepest part of each being toward the middle of the muscle, and the thinnest near the mesial line, where a raphe occurs. Externally is the hypodermic basement-tissue, internally (in the median line) the dorsal blood-vessel and the cesophagus at the sides; laterally each abuts on the origin of the external lateral muscle. Toward Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. vii. 2g A34 Prof. M‘Intosh on the . the ninth body-segment each muscle diminishes to an irregularly rounded area situated over the dorsal blood- vessel, the two muscles in the preparations being about as broad as the constricted intestinal canal of the region. Then a strong series of obligue fibres appears beneath, and, indeed, they are circumscribed by muscles all round, This narrow part merges into the greatly increased dorsal longitudinal muscles of the next segment. ‘Thereafter the two large muscles are at first separated by an intermediate hypo- dermic process, which passes downward to the apex of the oblique muscle and the alimentary and vascular systems beneath; then a simple sulcus is left, from which the fasciculi in transverse section pass off in a pennate manner. The latter arrangement forms a projecting portion which impinges on the septum between the dorsal blood-vessels. The fasciculi of the other parts of each muscle resemble those of the ventral. By-and-by the median pennate region becomcs very distinct and regular, though less separated from the general body of the muscle. In the centre is the chitmous septum, which is attached to the plate between the dorsal blood-vessels ; while from each side of the former the fasciculi proceed in a nearly horizontal manner, except at the lower fourth, where they incline downward like a brush, and their fibres become more evidently striated. The pennate arrangement continues toward the posterior end, near which the fasciculi are deepest next the middle line of the dorsum ; but it disappears before the termination of the muscle, a section near the tep of the tail presenting a simple ovoid appearance. The advent of the mouth ushers in considerable changes, which may be taken in series according to their position in the body-wall from before backward—in transverse section. In the dorsal hypoderm the section of the small longitudinal muscle appears on each side of the middle line, resting on a narrow tiansverse muscle which spreads out at each end over the vascular trunks to the tentacle. It has in the middle line inferiorly a central projection to which the vertical fibres of the space formerly alluded to are attached. On each side of the median line, beneath the transverse muscle, is a continuation of the nerve-centre. The muscle is intimately associated with the functions of the oral and post-oral regions, attaining great development for a con- siderable distance, and then, as the longitudinal dorsal increase in magnitude, disappearing from the central region. Just over the origin of the nerve-trunks from the cephalic mass, the muscle forms a continuous transverse band, ~ Structure of Magelona. 435 stretching from a chitinous origin at the inner surface of the hypoderm, at a point over the longitudinal ventral muscles, to a similar attachment on the opposite side. In contraction it usually presents a double fusiform appearance—pointed externally, and narrowed at the middle line under the longitudinal muscles. The tentacular blood-vessels seem to pass between it and the longitudinal ventral in this region. While the external terminations of the muscle immediately become simplified by attachment to the upper end of the chitinous support (which becomes continuous with the dorsal hypodermic basement-tissue) of the longitudinal ventral (at this point lateral) muscle, the central region is rendered complex by the gradual increase of the dorsal longitudinal muscle, which causes the fibres to bend down- wards *, Thus a narrow band of the vertical muscle passes over the outer edge of the median longitudinal, and a strong belt of the dorsal transverse separates them from the blood- vessel beneath. A vertical slip of fibrous tissue passes from the hypoderm to the roof of the chamber for the dorsal vessels, between the longitudinal muscles. Thereafter the latter descend entirely beneath the transverse muscle, and a chitinous band separates the fibres in the middle line. The course of the muscle under the hypodermic basement-tissue and its insertion are similar, and it is pierced by the fibres of the oblique. Further backward the distance between the dorsal origins of the muscle greatly increases, until on each side its divisions are thrust into a dorso-lateral and then a lateral position, while the fibres are correspondingly shortened. Toward the ninth body-segment, while the longitudinal dorsal aud ventral muscles decrease in bulk, that Just mentioned is much enlarged, stretching on each side as a broad and powerful mass over the whole dorso- lateral and lateral regions. At the ninth body-segment it is still large, and its outer border seems to impinge on the great bristle-wings. The increase in the size of the longi- tudinal dorsal and ventral muscles in the posterior region of the body, and their positions, render this muscle nearly vertical and of considerable length on each side. It extends from the hypodermic basement-tissue at the external border of the dorsal muscle downward to the outer border of the ventral and during the reproductive season is often greatly stretched by the vast increase of the ova, In the living animal the median fibres of the transverse * Longitudinal sections show the fibres of this muscle passing over the longitudinal dorsal very clearly, just before its separation by the median chitinous raphe. 29% 436 Prof. M‘Intosh on the dorsal muscle are seen from the anterior border of the mouth to a little behind the tentacular bases. Moreover, a thin but distinct layer of circular fibres envelops the body-wall—after its complete formation—beneath the hypo- dermic basement-tissue, It is continuous to the posterior end of the worm. In the space occurring on each side of the mouth, and which is in connection with the great vascular chamber, are a series of vertical muscular fibres, proceeding from the dorsum and attached in the first instance to the upper border of the buecal mucous tissue. They occupy the region between the longitudinal ventral muscle and the latter, and probably act as retractors of the tissue. The fibres soon increase in strength, and occupy the whole of the somewhat triangular area between the longitudinal muscle laterally and a line drawn from its inferior curve to the dorsal median line. The fan-shaped mass of fibres converges to pass the longitudinal muscle, but beimg connected with the pro- boscis their insertion is not observed so readily ; though in extrusion of the latter organ they are seen to bend .over into it and become attached, chiefly at the external aspect. In the latter condition of the proboscis the fibres anteriorly assume, for the most part, a vertical direction, and, as it were, bound laterally the great mass of longitudinal muscular fibres which are placed next the inner border in the extruded organ. Then (proceeding backward) it is noticed that some of the outer vertical fibres, which pass down from the dorsum close by the ventral longitudinal muscle, become attached to the chitinous continuation of its inferior boundary, and thus cease to extend into the extruded proboscis. Further, the fan-shaped mass of fibres is split into two by the intervention of the blood-channel. Many of the fibres still pass into the proboscis, but they soon cease to do so, and are fixed to the chitinous plate above mentioned, in company with the great transverse ventral muscle. The latter is attached to the ventral aspect of the chitinous base- ment-tissue, and therefore probably acts in opposition to the fan-shaped vertical series. From the extensive con- nection of the latter with the dorsal region, and the strength of the transverse ventral muscle, almost the whole body- cavity will be firmly compressed during their contraction and the proboscis expelled. The interposition of the blood-channel in the great fan- shaped anterior muscle—already noticed—separates it into a vertical and an oblique division, The vertical fibres spring from the common origin at the outer border of the : Structure of Magelona. 437 longitudinal dorsal and the region external to it, and pass obliquely downward to be inserted at the inner border of the ventral. The oblique arise from the wide region between the upper (external) border of the longitudinal ventral upward to the superior lateral region, and the fibres extend downward to the outer part of the common insertion—close to the inner border of the longitudinal muscle. Shortly after their attachment, as described, to the basement-tissue, the arrangement of both is somewhat interfered with by the very large fasciculi which pass transversely outward from the sides of the alimentary canal to the body-wall (in the extruded state of the proboscis). The fibres of the oblique, again, at this part seem to run superiorly into the largely increased lateral vertical. Immediately behind, the vertical appears as a nearly cylindrical muscle (in transverse vertical section), and the vascular channel lies between it and the oblique. Masses of the great fasciculi (from the alimentary canal) still occur at the superior and inferior attachments of the vertical muscles, and probably represent the retractor muscles of that part of the pharyngeal region which is thrust into the proboscis. By the gradual passage of the longitudinal ventral muscle downward, the inferior fibres of the oblique become more horizontal, and both vertical and oblique muscles attain great development throughout the entire anterior region of the body, so as to act as powerful compressors, while their elongation and contraction directly affect the blood-channels between them. On approaching the ninth body-segment the lower fibres of the oblique are nearly horizontal, and both this muscle and the vertical are large; indeed, as the dorsal and ventral longitudinal muscles diminish in bulk, the former increase. Immediately in front of the last-mentioned seg— ment the relations of the muscles are unchanged. It is then noticed that a series of muscular fibres arise from the superior insertion of the vertical, outward along the whole upper arch of the body, and, indeed, to a point considerably below the upper tibres of the oblique. These by-and-by form a powerful fan-shaped mass sweeping continuously from the raphe at the dorsal longitudinal muscle, and at first even extending over the latter, to the edge of the longitudinal ventral inferiorly, and converging to the raphe at its inner border. In some preparations fibres are observed to pass into the transverse ventral muscle so as to form a continuous band. The direction of the fibres of this great muscular expansion is not straight or vertical, but they curve from before backward, as well as from above down- 438 Prof. M‘Intosh on the ward and inward. The foregoing arrangement thus holds the whole body-cavity in control, and, like the complex muscles of the vertebrate heart, must materially aid the blood-vessels in propelling the blood forward into the anterior region and in keeping it there—during the con- traction of the other muscles of the part—by firm closure of the channel of communication. Its importance, therefore, in regard to the functions of the proboscis is apparent. With the diminution and atrophy of the transverse ventral muscles over the nerve-cords in the posterior region, the vertical and oblique also coincide, so that by-and-by only a few slender fasciculi of each remain—stretched from the dorsal raphe in the case of the vertical and the lateral wall in the oblique, to the atrophied transverse on each side of the ventral blood-vessel. Toward the extremity, again, both become well developed, the oblique spreading from the outer part of the arch over the nerve-cord upward and outward in a fan-like manner to the body-wall; while the vertical extend from the median part of the arch outward and then upward to the exterior of the dorsal longitudinal muscles. As soon as the under lip of the animal becomes continuous beneath the extruded proboscis, a series of transverse fibres pass—from the raphe at the inner side of each longitudinal ventral muscle—quite across the body, and thus form a very efficient expulsive system, as well as a barrier to return after extrusion. It is probably this muscle which is observed in the living animal, after expulsion of the proboscis, stretched as a very strong transverse band or arch between the bases of the tentacles, apparently blocking (with the pre-oral, transverse and vertical) the passage of blood forward into the cephalic contractile space, and forming an abutment against the posterior part of the vascular sinus behind the triangular region. When the animal is viewed from the ventral surface (the proboscis being withdrawn) the fibres pass right across the body-wall in front of the first bristle- bundles. Behind the latter they become somewhat indistinct, but at the third pair they are very evident—extending in- ward and slightly backward to the central raphe. They are broad in front and gradually diminish toward the posterior end of the region. This ventral transverse muscle continues for some distance backward as a powerful layer, and then presents a chitinous raphe in the median line, so as to form two muscles. Throughout the anterior region the latter stretch from the common raphe externally to the ventral median line, under the hypoderm, and they are sometimes Structure of Magelona. 439 shortly fusiform or almost baccate in contraction, especially toward the termination of the region, the median ventral sulcus being very deep. At the ninth body-segment many of the fibres, as formerly noticed in connection with the great fan-shaped muscle of the part, seem to pass right across the median septum, from one muscle to the other. They diminish much immediately thereafter, so that at the com- mencement of the greenish intestine in the next segment only their form is indicated by two small swellings on the band between the longitudinal ventral muscles. Finally, the chitinous band into which they degenerate separates the ventral blood-vessel from the nerve-cords, and externally gives attachment to the vertical and oblique muscles. ‘This double-bellied condition of the atrophied remnant of the transverse muscle is continued to the posterior end of the worm—little more than the chitinous tissue (which in front supported the muscle) being left. The muscular arrangements of the anterior region of the body render the presence of dissepiments uunecessary, so that the first occurs at the commencement of the posterior division, and they are continued in each segment to the tail. Each forms a muscular screen situated a short distance behind the lamellae and hooks, and, while permitting the passage of the perivisceral fluid, serves to support the intestine and the blood-vessels. The bristle-muscles are on the whole feebly developed and somewhat indistinct, but they seem to agree with those in allied forms. The roots of the superior bristles of the anterior region pass obliquely inward to the upper part of the vascular space between the vertical and oblique muscles, and the special slips radiate outward to the hypoderm. The roots of the inferior, again, abut on the upper part of the hollow of the ventral longitudinal muscle. Their special slips follow asimilar arrangement. Those of the ninth body- segment have homologous relations with surrounding parts, but they form a much larger fan-shaped transverse series, the diminution of the dorsal and ventral longitudinal muscles affording ample space for their expansion. In the posterior region of the body the great increase of the longitudinal muscles just mentioned causes the hooks to assume a more or less vertical position. Their muscles are similar to those moving the anterior bristles ; and as they are on elevated hypodermic processes continuous with the lamelli, both are probably acted on thereby. The foregoing muscular system enables the animal to perforate the moist sand with great rapidity, as well as to 440 Prof. M‘Intosh on the swim freely in the water in a wriggling manner ; indeed, when fresh, its vivacity is remarkable. III. Tue Dicestive System. The mouth opens at the base of the flattened snout as a somewhat triangular or T-shaped slit surrounded by lips of mucous membrane, and situated between or very slightly in front of the bases of the tentacles. The anterior lip is sinuous but complete, while inferiorly is a wide fissure (bounded laterally by prominent margins) which runs a considerable distance backward. The lips are very mobile, and in life frequently expand to gulp water, a feature common in the Spionidz, but of importance, in relation to the blood-channels in the neighbourhood, in this form. The alimentary region behind the mouth is somewhat complex, and may be divided into pharynx, proboscis, cesophagus, and intestine. In using these terms, however, no special weight is placed on them, though it is probable that the barred region of the pharynx is homologous with the proventriculus of the Syllide and others; while the cesophageal division may consist of gullet and ventricule combined. In the retracted condition of the proboscis the general arrangement is as follows :—The buccal leads into a pharyngeal division, which is thrown into numerous prominent rugze, especially posteriorly, and it is further characterized by the muscularity of its walls. To this region is appended the protrusible proboscis in a manner afterwards to be explained. Behind the pharyngeal is the cesophageal division, which continues to the ninth body-segment and terminates in the intestinal region proper. It has already been noticed that the hypodermic tissue of the ventral surface of the snout becomes greatly hyper- trophied in the median region throughout a considerable area in front of the mouth. It is especially deep anterior to the space for the transverse muscle, and at the space may fairly be said to assume the lax translucent character distinctive of the alimentary modification. In longitudinal sections the point of separation is recognized by the thinness of the cuticle. Externally is a distinct layer of transparent chiti- nous tissue continuous with, though much thinner than, the cuticle, then a series of granular and rather translucent gland-cells between the former and the basement-tissue. The buccal folds occupy a large area in protrusion of the proboscis at the point of separation of the dorsal transverse muscle, and they are somewhat symmetrically arranged. Structure of Magelona. 441 The centre superiorly and the sides near the ventral surface inferiorly are marked with brownish pigment. This buccal region, indeed, may be defined as that lying between the oral aperture in front and the great vertical muscle posteriorly, the latter, moreover, corresponding to the anterior attach- ment of the dorsal wall of the proboscis. It has its ventral margin for the most part open and only completed in the living animal by the approximation of the included proboscis, or the closure of its own walls. The buccal mucous tissue is not extruded to any extent ; that behind is. To the sides of the buecal region are attached various muscular bands, which probably retract the buccal flaps or lips during the extrusion of the proboscis. The anterior buccal tissue, further, is pulled upon by a series of horizontal fibres which come from the anterior part of the roof of the pre-oral chamber in front. At the termination of this region is superiorly a narrow arch of the buccal wall, upon which the dorsal blood-vessel lies, and laterally two wide folds which diminish at their outer and inferior angle, where they are joined by the proboscidian wall. The next or pharyngeal region begins at the junction of the proboscidian wall above mentioned, and is further characterized by the presence of a series of longitudinal muscular fibres, which appear outside the basement-tissue of the lateral regions. The outer margin of the glandular layer has laterally a considerable breadth of finely granular tissue, then the chitinous basement-substance, and externally the layer of longitudinal fibres, which are entirely lateral in position, 2. e. extending from the dorsal to the ventral curve on each side. The canal at this point is much enlarged, while inferiorly the broad glandular lining becomes thinner, and merges into the chitinous coat of the proboscis, which, near the junction, shows an incipient glandular layer in- ternally. Further backward bands of strong oblique fibres are attached to the inferior and outer region of the canal— now completed. ‘These muscular bands are evidently the retractors of the organ. Superiorly a narrow retractor is inserted into the wall of the canal at the bend, a larger pair occur laterally, and a similar pair at the ventral border (the specimen had ejected its proboscis but not its pharynx). The latter muscles pass transversely outward to be attached to the great mass at the raphe above the longitudinal ventral muscles. The dorsal region of the chamber still has a thin arch of mucous tissue, while it is massive at the sides and ventral region. A slender muscular band from the dorsal raphe (at the side of the dorsal longitudinal) passes inward 442 Prof. M‘Intosh on the to the arch of the canal. It is now noticed that the wall of the pharynx is greatly thickened by muscular layers, which— with the massive retractors—fill up a large part of the body- cavity superiorly. The insertions of the great retractors in the lateral regions are crossed by the circular fibres, which extend from the superior fold (beneath the arch) of one side to that of the opposite, thus forming a strong constricting layer, very well marked inferiorly. External to the latter at the ventral surface is a complex layer consisting of longi- tudinal fibres mixed with a radiating series which pass from the inner margin through the circular coat. Behind the foregoing the attachment of the retractors to the superior raphe is evident, the breadth of the circular layer is increased, especially inferiorly, and the vertical series, which rad‘ate downward through the latter, form a prominent mass— striated with cross-fibres—inferiorly. The ventral region or floor of the pharynx has again opened out into a less compact and apparently a chitinous tissue. The structure remains similar in the next section superiorly, but inferiorly the mobile glandular region of the pharynx appears in the middle of the great muscular mass, the sides and ventral region being formed by a complex meshwork of muscular fibres—longitudinal, oblique, and radiating—which connect the inferior to the superior mass. In full development this system shows a great central region of folded glandular tissue, surrounded superiorly by the circular fibres and the retractors, laterally and inferiorly by the densely interlaced muscular fibres, those next the canal, however, being chiefly circular in direction. The muscular envelope next diminishes in thickness, and is confined for the most part to the lower half of the canal. Within is the circular coat, which pro- ceeds almost to the superior arch (in transverse section) ; then inferiorly is a considerable belt of longitudinal fibres with interfascicular substance. This coating descends lower until it forms—for the somewhat specialized ventral floor of the region—an inner strong circular band, and a radiated mass (with longitudinal fibres) nearly as broad beneath, the fibres passing vertically through the former to the glandular border. This complex arrangement—diminishing to a mere speck—finally disappears, and leaves the chamber surrounded ouly by its proper walls, which at the termination of the pharyngeal portion are a thick basement-tissue and an outer layer of longitudinal and circular fibres. : The pharyngeal region is interesting as containing that portion of the canal which, to a greater or less extent, is thrust into the proboscis in extreme extrusion, and the Structure of Magelona. 443 special muscular arrangements well adapt it for such a function. The exsertile portidn, forming a distinct fold, occupies the dorsal region, and is characterized, in addition to its muscular development, by having the inner surface of its floor thrown into very prominent transverse ruge, which in the uninjured animal appear externally as well-marked bars. In extrusion a great curve takes place behind the buccal region, downward and forward into the base of the exserted proboscis ; yet, though the folds are boldly defined, it is difficult to follow their windings, or to estimate their exact relations with the parts in the retracted condition. Further, it occasionally happens that the great muscular plexus of the protrusible part is inverted, 7. e., is situated dorsally instead of ventrally. The region supplied with the well-marked muscular coat is much dilated in the interior of the proboscis, and this special disposition will materially aid in the withdrawal of the organ to its position in the body. In longitudinal section the circular muscles of the pharyngeal coat are observed to be clasped between the radiating series in linear spaces, while the diverging form a very regularly looped system of crossed fibres, which probably have a some- what spiral arrangement (and the indistinctness of the longitudinal fibres in transverse section would thus be accounted for). The chief muscular retractor, attached posteriorly to the superior raphe on each side, is well shown, as is also a band of fibres from the latter raphe, which passes backward for insertion at the anterior part of the extruded organ, and which would pull it inward and forward in retraction. Anteriorly, again, fibres proceed from the anterior fold of the organ (ventrally) forward to the fold of the buccal glandular tunic, where it joins the proboscis ; and in the extrusion of that tissue the anterior region of the pharynx would be pulled on, thus explaining, in all probability, the inversion of the latter, which sometimes, as above mentioned, shows its muscular coat superior in the extrudcd region. The expulsion of the proboscis is doubtless the primary agent in the movement of this pharyngeal region, then follow the dragging on the anterior part by the ventral fibres and the action of the body-walls of the animal. In withdrawal, again, its great retractors, and the contraction of the expanded special coat, with its longitudinal, looped, and other fibres, would suffice to bring it into position. The Proboscis. This organ in life is thrust out at somewhat regular 444 Prof. M‘Intosh on the intervals, during the boring operations of the animal, as a pinkish distensible sac, which, especially in partial extrusion, often presents a most regularly rugose appearance. In complete expulsion the general form is that of a reddish apple marked with flattened ribs, which run from the deep dimple at the apex to the base. At the upper part of the protruded organ is a somewhat elongated conical smooth portion, marked only by the fine longitudinal lines of the retractor muscle and not by ribs. The blood chiefly occupies the upper and middle regions, but this is due to position, since there is no reason why it should not enter any hollow portion of the extruded organ. Within the body of the animal it forms a longitudinally folded sac continuous anteriorly with the great transverse inferior lip, and placed along the ventral region of the body-cavity, below the digestive system. Posteriorly it ends in a cul de sac, to the sides and termination of which the great muscular retractor is attached. The upper and anterior fold, again, is con- tinuous with the buccal mucous surface, so that in extrusion au uninterrupted rim is found at the sides, while the centre of the alimentary canal is blocked by the outward folds of the pharynx, the protrusion of the proboscis being thus inimical to swallowing ; indeed the functions of the organ are not digestive. In partial protrusion the proboscis under pressure presents a series of somewhat radiated lines—due to the prominent chitmous folds of its linmg membrane, in which no pores have been made out. The fibres of the short and long retractors spread out in the central region, and the organ is crossed by the fibres of the circular coat. The fibres of the short retractors, which pass from the dorsal raphe on each side of the body-wall, expand in a fan-like manner, chiefly at the basal part of the extruded organ, and therefore in the retracted condition are connected with its anterior region ; while the fibres of the long retractor spread over a wider area, for the most part toward the outer part of the organ in protrusion, and thus in retraction are attached to the posterior region. In extreme protrusion it forms a large flattened bag, which does not quite reach the tip of the snout. Externally, and especially at the tip in extrusion, is the dense chitinous coat, continuous with that of the mouth superiorly, and with the cuticle at the transverse fold or lower lip inferiorly: beneath is a streaked granular layer homologous with the hypoderm of the body-wall; indeed, continuous with it. In partial protrusion this coat follows the previous in forming numerous elevated ridges and folds— Structure of Magelona. 445 sometimes of a symmetrical appearance, especially if one fold of the proboscis is included within another. A base- ment layer succeeds the foregoing, and then a coat of circular fibres, which attains its greatest development at the superior or inner side (@. e., next the snout in extrusion) and especially near the base. ‘There does not appear to be any special longitudinal coat, other than the expansion of the long retractor muscle on the walls near the extremity of the extruded organ. At the latter region the thinner parts have crossed fibres internally, an appearance probably due to the commingling of the circular coat and the expanded fibres of the long retractor. The latter forms a great muscular mass which occupies the dorsal region of the organ in extrusion, and therefore les under the digestive canal’ on approaching the body-cavity. It then is included between the anterior fan- -shaped retractors, which occupy the lateral region, and thereafter proceeds along the ventral region of the body- cavity to the termination of the anterior region. In traus- verse section the muscle is divided into many large masses, which are for the most part grouped in two divisions superiorly, and a flattened band applied to the upper surface of the transverse ventral muscle. The latter division—at the point of differentiation of the transverse ventral into two muscles—has become the most important, forming a compact layer of elongated fasciculi (in section); while the other divisions occupy the lateral regions in irregular masses and in diminished bulk. Finally, behind the pharyngeal region the lateral divisions disappear in the transverse sections— probably by being attached to the superior raphe at each side,—and only the ventral portion of the retractors remains as a firm double muscle with symmetrically arranged fasci- culi, situated in the central line over the transverse ventral. As the muscle diminishes in bulk and approaches the central line on each side, a firm granular mass is formed, first be- neath it, then at each side from the vertical muscle inward, and lastly above it—just before the fibres cease at the ninth body-segment, and in front of the commencement of the ventral blood-vessel. The importance of this muscle is shown by its extensive connections, all of which could not be readily destroyed at once, so as to interfere with the boring. The foregoing structure enables the functions of the organ in the economy of the animal to be understood. By its agency the annelid can bore almost continuously forward in the sand and fashion a tunnel in which the more delicate posterior part reposes in safety. The contraction of the 446 Prof. M‘Intosh on the muscular anterior region of the body, and the relaxation of its retractor muscles, cause the proboscis to yield readily to the powerful stream of blood that is sent against it from behind, and it smoothly unrolls outward from the transverse margin of the lower lip like a very supple membrane, the pinkish colour of the blood shining through the translucent tissue. The extrusion goes on until the brownish mass of the pharyngeal region of the digestive canal approaches the front of the first body-segment, and sends the muscular coil into the base of the proboscis, and partly under the long retractor on its way to the tip—lke a plug,—assisting to retain the blood therein and giving solidity to the whole organ. ‘Thus, in its progress forward, the flattened snout is thrust amongst the sand with an undulating and insinuating motion till it has advanced about its own length; then the proboscis is ejected to its full extent, like an indiarubber dilator, so as to make a suitable channel for the occupation of the body while again pressing onward the exploratory snout. Then all the retractile arrangements are brought into play—the fan-shaped vertical fibres pull in the basal (anterior) region, the short and long retractors act on the entire organ, and the withdrawal of the pharyngeal pro- trusion makes an open channel for the backward stream of blcod, which rushes into the vessels of the anterior region out of the returning organ, further constricted by its own circular muscular coat. These alternate protrusions and retractions are repeated at somewhat regular intervals, and continued for a long time. Moreover, an explanation is perhaps afforded of the fact that the animal is partial to fine sand, seeing that the larger sharp fragments of coarse gravel and sand might injure either snout or proboscis, though the latter is specially protected by its chitinous investment. Puncture of the anterior region of the body, so as to give exit to the blood, interferes with the extrusion of the proboscis; indeed, it is not generally thrust. out after such an injury. The exsertile pharyngeal region is followed by a mobile part of the alimentary canal that undergoes considerable elongation when the former is thrust forward, bat which is variously coiled in retraction. In transverse section it is firm, often somewhat quadrangular, and consists, from within outward, of the chitinous-like inner tunic, the glandular layer (of less depth than in front), the basement-tissue, and, lastly, of an external coat of circular muscular fibres. After a short course backward the calibre of the canal diminishes, and a distinct sheath from the vascular system envelops it Structure of Magelona. A147 externally ; while certain longitudinal fibres which appear in the latter become by-and-by incorporated with its wall, which externally shows traces of longitudinal fibres, outside the circular, though they are difficult to discern. The relations of the organ with the vascular system at this part are, indeed, complex. The form of the alimentary canal in section near the ninth body-segment is now rounded or oval, with a smooth outline, and instead of the few bold folds of glandular tissue covered by the chitinous layer internally, the glandular substance is granular and projects in conical elevations or papille having a dendritic or radiated appear- ance. As the canal diminishes the latter become more pointed and translucent, the basement-tissue more pro- minent, and within the circular coat are distinct traces of a layer of longitudinal muscular fibres. At the ninth body- segment the circular coat is much thickened, the basement- tissue increased, and the glandular layer more consistent, so that it projects inward very distinctly. The canal reaches its minimum diameter about the termination of the transverse ventral muscles, near the commencement of the ventral blood-vessel. Just at the point where the dorsal longitudinal muscles begin to expand, the tube is surrounded by a powerful ring of muscular fibres, which in the mid-ventral line join a transverse chitinous raphe, from the under surface of which spring the strong muscular walls of the ventral vessel of the region. The canal has now increased a little in size, but is often squeezed (in the preparations) by the pressure of the superincumbent blood-vessels, so that it forms a transverse slit. It then passes the boundary-line into the succeeding region, and will fall under notice shortly. The anterior region of the alimentary canal is distinguished as a whole by its greater muscularity and firmness, by the massive nature and chitinous covering of its glandular coat, and by the absence of evident capillaries from its walls. It presents a close homology with the Nemertean cesophageal region, especially in its relation to the circulatory fluid, for in the latter a rete mirabile likewise occurs. The minute structure of the wall is similar, but, as on the skin, the chitinous tunic internally in Magelona takes the place of the cilia in the Nemertean. Further, like the Nemertean organ, it retains irritability long after the death of the animal, and in dissection is often torn from the more fragile tissues of the anterior region as a tough thread. ‘The functions of the parts, in regard to digestion, in the respective groups are probably similar, and may represent all the complex divisions 448 Prof. M‘Intosh on the in front of the intestine. In Magelona the buccal and pharyngeal regions receive the food, the great development of the muscular and glandular tunics in the latter specially pointing it out as an important part of the canal. The smoother portion behind probably acts both as an cesophageal and a ventricular chamber, and thus the food would be partly digested before passing the harrier at the ninth body- segment. Intestinal Region Proper. The anterior border of the tenth body-segment shows in transverse section the whole tube greatly enlarged, while its glandular lining is in a transition-stage dorsally and ventrally. In the latter regions the tissue is composed of closely arranged—almost linear—granular glands. Then the entire canal assumes the soft greenish glandular condition characteristic of the posterior division, its superior arch being surmounted by and incorporated with the investment of the two great dorsal blood-vessels. Viewed from the dorsum in the living animal at the anterior third of the region, the centre is occupied by the dorsal vessels and the compressed glands, each with its central oil-globules ; and occasionally a peculiar ramose or radiated appearance is assumed by the contents spreading from the latter as a centre. At the sides are large masses of bright orange oil-globules enclosed in a limiting membrane, and the presence of these usually gives the canal a deep brownish-orange colour by transmitted light. Moreover, if the specimen is in good condition the blood-vessels of the alimentary wall are seen as little beads as they bend over the margin, under pressure. In a lateral view the prominent condition of the masses containing the oil-globules is still more apparent. When the gland-cells are extruded into sea-water they appear as circular bodies filled with minute granules, and generally presenting a pale greenish hue. Asa rule the glandular mucous tissue forms a thinner layer of lobate masses (in section) along the dorsal arch, and a thicker and more lax coating of large glands laterally ; but, of course, much depends on the degree of contraction and the quantity of alimentary matter. In longitudinal sections of the canal the soft glandular lining is thrown at somewhat regular intervals into very sym- metrical dendritic masses. Circular fibres occur all the way backward, though they are so thin as hardly to merit the name of a special tunic, and their feebleness is shown by the marked constrictions at the dissepiments, which cause the canal to assume a moniliform appearance—well seen in Structure of Magelona. 449 longitudinal sections, but a special longitudinal coat has not been made out, either in transverse or longitudinal sections. The longitudinal muscular coat of the dorsal blood-vessels, and perhaps the ventral also, may, with the nature of the wall itself, aid in this respect. ‘The internal surface from the tenth segment backward is probably covered with cilia (though they could not be made out in front), and they are well seen (though not so boldly marked as in Nerine and Spio) near the tail. The canal, retaining the same structure, though the circular coat becomes more distinct, diminishes toward the tip of the tail, and terminates in an anus on the dorsal surface a little within the margin. The latter part of the tract shows very active contractions, and the cilia at the anus are largely developed. The food consists of sand containing various minute nutritious particles, translucent chitimous fragments of crustaceans, foraminifera, and other débris. Sand is very necessary for the existence of this form, for though the animals survive a considerable period in captivity in vessels filled with pure sea-water, they thrive much longer amongst fine sand, with a few inches of water over it. No parasites, other than an unknown ovum, have been seen in the ali- mentary canal—a very different condition from that of its congener Polydora ciliata, which has many Gregarine in the same organ. VI. Tue Nervous System. The. central mass of the nervous system lies above the pre-oral chamber—and rather in front of the muscular blood-vessels of the part—in the form of two superior gangha, and they are by no means easily made out in the living animal, Each consists of a mass of nerve-cells—some of Paneidenible size, with a commissure of fibres—best marked posteriorly. In the hypodermic region below and in front of the chamber, another (smaller) nervous mass is seen in longitudinal section, but the actual connection be- tween the superior and inferior divisions has not yet been made out. From the oblique appearance of the nerve-cords in section, they certainly pass very rapidly down to the sides of the body from the central mass, and in the living animal their course outward is similarly abrupt. There is no trace of eye-specks, but the animals are sensitive to light, and touch is highly developed. When the nerve-cord reaches the lateral region it is found under the channel leading to the tentacle, and somewhat Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. vii. 30 450 Prof. M‘Intosh on the inferior and external to the ventral longitudinal muscle. The area of the nerve in transverse section is crossed by strong vertical fibres (probably of connective tissue),and the neural canal is external, its compartment being separated by a distinct series of vertical fibres passing from the chitinous support of the ventral longitudinal muscle to the cuticle. Then the canal becomes more closely related to the nerve, while the latter moves under the ventral longitudinal muscle. As soon as the walls of the body are more completely rounded (in section) the neural canal occurs at the outer and inferior border of the nerve-area, which now lies under the raphe to which the vertical and oblique muscles are attached. Thereafter the neural canal glides on each side to the inner and inferior border of the nerve and its calibre is considerably increased. Each then gets wholly below the nerve, the most conspicuous vertical fibrous band being external. Within is a fine chitinous-like membrane, which does not form a very contractile lining, though the action of the fibres around it may assist in this respect. The canal shows no current of fluid in the living form, and all that can be said of it in the preparations is that it sometimes contains a translucent gelatinous substance. The nerves and neural canals preserve the foregoing relations till they reach the region in front of the seventh pair of bristle-bundles, where the canals leave the nerve-trunks, pass inward under the short transverse muscle, and unite in the middle line to form a single large canal, which thus lies between the nerves and separated from them by a considerable hypodermic interval. ‘The extreme shortening of the transverse ventral muscles at the posterior part of the ninth segment permits the approximation of the nerve-cords, so that at the com- mencement of the median ventral blood-vessel they are situated at each side of the large neural canal, and soon (in the same segment) insinuate themselves above it. This arrangement continues to the posterior part of the body, but toward the tip of the tail the nerves form a single (united) cord ; while the neural canal (which in the ordinary sections forms a large transversely flattened channel, like that of a non-contractile vessel) diminishes and disappears. A series of fine nerve-branches, forming a plexus, is some- times observed passing out to the lateral organs. The twigs run in a parallel manner at first, then diverge, their fine branches anastomosing in various directions, Structure of Magelona. 451 VII. Tue Tentac.es. When the annelid is at rest amongst the sand it projects its extremely elongated tentacles through the aperture of its tube into the surrounding water, in which they are jerked to and fro, stand stiffly out, or are gracefully curved and moved in a serpentine manner here and there over the sand—indeed, when many are confined in a vessel the organs resemble independent worms. In largeexamples they measure, when gently curved from the aperture in the sand, about an inch and a half or two inches, and are capable of much greater elongation. In the extended condition of the organs the papillz are very prominent at the tip, projecting like a series of pinnee along the inner or anterior border, and susceptible of decided and independent movements. When the animal lies in a free condition on the surface of the sand the tentacles again are often beautifully coiled in a spiral manner or perform various independent vermiform movements. During the process of boring the tentacles are trailed behind and flatly applied to the body, their most delicate region being in the completed channel, while the stronger smooth part only meets the slight pressure of the sand against which the organs are thrust by the advancing snout. When reposing within its tunnel the organs are stretched in a parallel con- dition in front of it, ready to be protruded on the return of the tide. Each tentacle forms a hollow contractile process, furnished with a series of papille along the anterior border. Ex- ternally it is invested by the chitimous cuticle, which is densest at the basal region on the smooth part of the organ. On reaching the bases of the papille this coat spreads over them likewise, but is extremely attenuated toward the tip. The subjacent hypodermic layer is largely developed, forming at the base of the tentacle a considerable investment through- out three-fourths of the circumference, while the remaining anterior region is greatly thickened, thus foreshadowing the special arrangement further outward. It is more finely granular than the hypoderm of the body, shows the usual fibrous or connective-tissue streaks, and likewise contains the pigment. Proceeding outward, the thick anterior hypo- dermic area by-and-by shows numerous low pale warts, which soon attain a considerable size. In the living specimen each papilla, in the somewhat contracted condition caused by slight pressure, has a rather narrowed base, and is composed of a continuation of the hypoderm and cuticle, as formerly noticed. The central region is occupied by a series of 30* 452 Prof. M‘Intosh on the muscular fibres, which diverge superiorly and inferiorly ; the circumferential region is cellulo-granular, and the tip is granular, with a few palpocils. A cup-shaped form is often assumed by the blunt tip, as the central fibres are emi- nently contractile, and thus give a sucker action to the extremity. In some views the muscular fibres acting on the sucker-tip seem to be separated from the hypoderm of the process. Moreover, in the living animal the very fine palpocils cover the tip like a series of motionless microscopic cilia. Further, the walls of the papillae have a few con- stricting fibres, which are the chief agents in elongating them. After pressure has continued for a short time various cells, mucous globules, and granules begin to appear at the sides and palpocils on the summit. Strings of mucus also shoot out, enclosing small bacillary cells. Within the hypo- derm of the tentacle is a well-marked circular muscular coat, surrounding a thick longitudinal layer, which is arranged in regular fasciculi, and possessing a raphe at the attachment of the fibres of the vessels at each pole, that for the artery opposite the papillze being most distinct. In the central chamber of the tentacle are two vessels, an afferent and efferent. The afferent blood-vessel is the smaller: and lies a little on one side of the pole opposite the papillose margin. Its wall on section presents the peculiar striated appearance seen in the anterior dorsal vessel of the body, and such is probably due to the same longitudinal fibres. Both during life and in the preparations it is firm and elastic, and in contrast with the widely dilated efferent vessel. The latter is not easily made out unless in good preparations, a suspensory band from the centre (or raphe) of the papillose region being attached to it, and then proceeding, like a membranous septum, to the opposite pole. A series of very distinct transverse mesenteries or dissepiments, again, exist in the tentacle, at regular intervals and almost to the tip of the organ. The tentacles are reproduced with considerable rapidity. About the third day after removal the new organs appeared on each side as short blunt processes into which the blood entered. In other specimens they were about twice the breadth of the head, but had not yet begun to develop papille. A distinct artery and vein are apparent in those about as long as the head, but even though they are three or four times as long no capillary branches are apparent, the blood rushing in by the artery to return by the vein. When only one tentacle is being reproduced the activity in the circulation of the entire (7. e. the old) organ is very great, Structure of Magelona. 453 and it is waved about in a vermiform manner in all directions. The facility with which the blood-vessels form, and the accuracy with which the various currents keep the required direction in the developing tentacles and other parts, is imter- esting. The developing papille in the growing organ first appear as short pale elevations of the hypoderm, and at a later stage are more acutely pointed than in the complete structures. At first they are also few in number, but gradually increase with the growth of the tentacle. While the hypodermic and cuticular tissues of the tentacle are continuous with those enveloping the body generally, the chitinous basement-tissue and the muscles of these organs have a special arrangement. Where the tentacle joins the body-wall the basement-tissue bounding the ventral longitudinal muscle is specially thickened, and to this is attached the basal chitinous layer of the tentacle, by a short anterior and a long posterior curve (as seen from above). The special muscles of the tentacle take origin from this point. Moreover, at the termination of the median cephalic muscle, certain fibres of the transverse muscle, boldly marked at first (and in keeping with those of the central muscle), pass outward and backward to the base of each tentacle, where they are lost. Such are probably attached to the chitinous basement-tissue, and, as formerly noticed, aid in the movements of the region. In a large male loaded with spermatozoa the tentacles were comparatively short and inert, and from the appear- ance of other specimens it is possible that at the reproduc- tive season degeneration of the organs may occur in some instances, cr the animals themselves may perish. Degenera- tion of the tips of the tentacles is common in confinement. On the whole the tentacles show a further differentiation of the ciliated hypodermic groove observed in Polydora ciliata and other Spionidee, in Phyllochetopterus and Spio- chetopterus. The entire absence of cilia, however, demon- strates that these organs are not always distinctive of a respiratory function, as M. Claparéde seems to think. The structure of the papillz, again, would indieate that particles may be passed from the one to the other, and they often jerk independently. Further, in regard to the circulation of the organs, the great contractility of the muscular afferent vessel has an important physiological bearing, since it not only sends a swift current to the tip, but through the numerous capillaries which join it to the efferent. The latter also possesses a rapid current, but dilates very readily, espe- cially when an obstruction occurs, as in the movements of 454 Prof. M‘Intosh on the the proboscis. By rigid contraction, as formerly mentioned, the blood can be almost entirely driven from the tentacles. The organs thus capture prey and aid in aerating the blood. VIII. Tue Rerropucrive System. The sexual elements are developed in great profusion from the epithelium of the body-wall of the posterior region. In males the whole space between the dorsal and ventral longitudinal muscles is occupied by a mass of sperm-cells and spermatozoa, especially in summer—the animals, indeed, assuming an opaque greyish hue from this cause. The head of the spermatozoon is shaped like a conical bullet with a pointed tip, and two rounded bodies at the base, from the centre of which the elongated tail projects. The movements of the sperms are most active. Many circular cells are also observed amongst them. The ova are similarly developed in the females, in the posterior region, within a very fine limiting membrane or ovary, and quite fill up the perivisceral chamber with the exception of the alimentary canal and the region for the dorsal and ventral blood-vessels. They abounded in examples at the end of June and had attained considerable size. In both males and females with developed sexual products peculiar structures occur on each side of the body (invariably on the segment immediately behind the mouth—and in this it first attains perfection), as well as on many of the poste- rior segments, even in those of reproduced tails. In trans- verse section at the tenth segment the central structure is observed to lie within special projections of the body-wall outside the vertical muscle, which is coated by a granular layer. It resembles a folded mass, the folds at first sight simulating a convoluted duct. In the Jiving animal the organ is first noticed in the middle of each segment as a somewhat ovoid projection of the lateral wall, and invested by cuticle, hypoderm, and basement-tissue. It gradually increases in size, and, when fully developed, presents from the ventral surface the form of a semicircular pad on each side. Closer inspection, however, shows that the latter is a tongue-shaped lamella, which curves upward to cover the folded membrane, while superiorly there is a slipper-shaped fold of similar structure which arches over the upper part of the membrane, its edge being incurved laterally and inferiorly. Such hypodermic folds seem to be formed by an outgrowth and splitting of the body-wall. The peculiar membranous structure is thus to some extent exposed to the Structure of Magelona. 455 action of the water laterally, and presents in the fresh animal the aspect of a granular area crossed by numerous convolutions or folds, which often change their appearance under examination, like those formed in a translucent and very fine chitinous membrane. The whole, indeed, simulates a convoluted duct most closely, since the folds retain a uniform size throughout, though they are finer at one end of the mass. The latter can with care be enucleated from its covering, but in those examined no clear evidence of well- formed ducts (e. g. indication of a central cavity or an entirely free coil, on tearing) could be observed. It is possible that the ambiguous structure was only partially developed and that the folds may afterwards attain further differentiation. The exact function of this structure is unknown, and its presence in both sexes would show that it is not indispensably related to the ova. It appears to be homologous with the external ovaries or egg-racemes described by Prof. Mobius in Leipoceras uviferum, a torm which closely resembles Polydora*. It is still more nearly related to the egg-sacs (resembling a swallow’s nest) mentioned by the same author as present along the sides of Scolecolepis cirrata, Sarst. It may be that the folded structure in Magelona acts the part of the network in Scolecolepis, by which the eggs are held in the pouches, but no proof of this has yet been observed. he whole arrangement, however, seems to be much more largely developed in Magelona. The analogy of this structure with a segmental organ can only be conjectural, though it is suggestive that M. Claparéde describes a similar but more highly differentiated organ within the posterior region of the body in Chetopterus. Finally, so little is known of the life- history of Magelona, that nothing can be said of its connection with sexual or other variations. No opportunity, unfortunately, was available for investi- gating the development of the species at St. Andrews. Though mature animals were abundant in summer, the extreme heat prevented success in this respect in the confined vessels, especially after the long journey from the sea-coast, while those with the reproductive elements developed late in autumn failed to afford a single embryo f{. As previously indicated, M. Claparéde found a developing form which he * Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 4th ser. vol. xiii. p. 201. + Op. cit. p. 260, { The surface of the sea was examined by the towing-net from the margin of full tide outward for several miles in September, but no larval type connected with this form was obtained. In subsequent years, how- ever, all stages have been procured at St. Andrews. 456 On the Structure of Magelona. . considered to belong to the genus Magelona, Fritz Miller, at St. Vaast la Hougue. Inits youngest condition it presents a somewhat club-shaped appearance—broad in front and rather narrowed posteriorly.. The anterior end has an open ciliated funnel, then follows about twenty segments, each with a ciliated ring, while posteriorly the abruptly truncated tail has a ring of long cilia round the anus. In addition to the cilia on the funnel the anterior end bears a tuft at each side (doubtless homologous with the lateral cephalic pencil in the Nemerteaus), besides a papilla armed with a tuft of bristles nearly as long as the body, after the manner of the young Polydora. The alimentary caual proceeds straight from mouth to anus. The next stage shows a heart-shaped snout with four eyes, and at the base between it and the body-collar a pair of short tentacles with brown bars (which differ quite from the dark pigment-bars of the tentacles in Magelona) on the anterior border near the tip, and a series of palpocils; while internally is a cavity containing a czecal blood-vessel (according to the type M. Claparéde states he usually found in the Spionidee), with corpusculated blood. The first body-segment still bears at each side the tuft of long larval bristles, and is succeeded by eight distinct bristle- bundles. The ninth segment carries a row of hooks on each side. A simple pyriform anal papilla terminates the body. The alimentary canal is differentiated anteriorly into a muscular cesophagus, and the mouth closely approaches that of Magelona. Behind the cesophagus the canal exhibits two short glandular diverticula and then proceeds in the usual moniliform manner to the anus. The body is tinted with various brownish transverse bands. In this condition the flattened spatulate snout has a considerable resemblance to that in Magelona, but the subsequent stage shows less affinity, for the long tentacles have slender palpocils, which difter in character and arrangement from those in the British form. Moreover, the cephalic region has greatly diminished, its shape being that of a short truncated cone, with four eyes arranged in a transverse manner at the base. The first segment of the body retains the long larval bristles, but the succeeding segments to the eighth have lost their shorter temporary bristles. From the ninth segment backward, however, four or five pairs of longer and stronger bristles occur, in association with the rows of hooks (which conform in structure to the Spio type). The blood is bluish. The posterior end has the form of a peculiar hoof-shaped process furnished with small papille. The fragmentary state, therefore, in which our knowledge On Mammals from Northern Nigeria. 457 of the development of the genus is prevents identification of the foregoing with the British form unless a very decided metamorphosis occurs. The systematic position of Magelona, with its peculiar external form and internal structure, was a source of un- certainty to Dr. George Johnston, the only author who attempted its consideration in this respect. So puzzled was he that he placed it (his Mea mirabilis) at the end of his Catalogue for the British Museum under a family specially constituted for itself (viz. Meade). In the Catalogue of the Fauna of St. Andrews it was located between the Cheetopteridze and the Spionide ; but the results of further investigation clearly relegate it to the latter group*. It leans, indeed, wholly to the Spionidz in minute structure, and especially to such forms as Prionospio and Heterospio, though it is true that in the marked regional distinctions and the great length of the posterior division of the body it approaches Spiochetopterus. While it conforms to the Spionidz in the structure of its body-wall and bristles, it differs in regard to the absence of the dorsal branchie. In the mechanism of its proboscis and in the structure of its snout and circulatory organs, again, it presents features sui generis. LIIL.—On Mammals collected by the Rev. G. T. Fou in Northern Nigeria. By OLDFIELD T'HOMAS. (Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) THE British Museum owes to the kindness of the Rev. G. T. Fox, of the Cambridge University Mission in Northern Nigeria, a collection of small mammals from that country, and these prove to be so interesting as to deserve the publi- cation of a list. The specimens were mostly obtained at Panyam, on the plateau of that name, in Bauchi Province, about 9° 30’ E. and 10° N. The plateau is about 4000’ in altitude, and the climate is therefore comparatively cool. A few skins were collected at Kabir, on the slope of the plateau, at about 2700’. The proportion of novelties in the collection is unusually * Proc. R. 8. E. 1875-6, vol. ix. no, 94, p. 123. 458 Mr. O. Thomas on large, and shows how little this part of Africa has been worked. No less than six species and subspecies have proved to need description out of the small total of fourteen represented. ‘The most interesting form is the new mole-rat, Georychus foxi, as the only species of the genus previously known in West Africa is the widely different G. zechi of Togoland. The collection is therefore a very valuable accession to the National Museum, and one most encouraging for the prospects of further work in the Colony. 1. Eidolon helvum, Kerr. 9. 9. Panyam. oi. LOT 2 106. Kabir: 2. Rhinolophus sp. 9.10. Panyam, 4000’. Near &. alcyone, 'Vemm. 3. Petalia hispida, Schr. g. 4. Panyam, 4000’. 4, Pipistrellus culex, sp. n. @. 100. Kabir. 2700’. B.M. no. 11.3. 24.4. Col- lected 15th May, 1910. Type. A very small pale species. Inner upper incisors practi- cally unicuspidate. Size rather greater than in P. stampflit and minusculus. Fur about 4°5 mm. in length on the back. General colour above near “* wood-brown,” below rather paler, the hairs both above and below blackish slaty basally. Hars with a well- marked squarish lobe at the base of their outer margin ; tragus without basal lobule, broadest opposite the middle of its straight inner margin. Wings from the base of the outer toe. Calcar with a narrow calcareal lobule. Skull very delicate, low and narrow; the brain-case nar- rower than in P. stampflit. Upper incisors slender, unicuspid, the outer nearly as long as the inner. (If a secondary cusp has been present on the inner tooth it must have been very small and close to the tip of the tooth.) Small premolar half internal, visible from without. Lower incisors tricuspid, not overlapping. Mammals from Northern Nigeria. 459 Dimensions of the type (the starred measurements taken in the flesh) :— Forearm 28°5 mm. Head and body *39; tail *27; ear *9; tragus on inner edge 2°6; third finger, metacarpus 27, first phalanx 9; lower leg and hind foot (ec. u.) 14°5. Skull: greatest length 11:1; basi-sinual length 8°6 ; interorbital breadth 3:3; breadth of brain-case 5°9; palato- sinual length 4°2; front of canine to back of m? 3°6; front of p* to back of m? 2°2; three lower molars 2°5. flab. and Type as above. This little bat would seem to be readily distinguishable from the other small species of the genus by its pale colour and unicuspid upper incisors. 5. Crocidura sp. 9. 8. Panyam, 4000’. Near C. manni, Pet. 6. Crocidura sp. 3. 5. Panyam, 4000’. Near C. soricotdes, Murr. @. Taterillus nigeria, sp. n. 3d. 105. Kabir, 2700’. Collected 7th June, 1910. B.M. no. 11.3. 24.14. Type. A large dark species, with heavily tufted tail. Size about as in the geographically near 7. lacustris, Thos. & Wrought., but colour conspicuously darker, much as in T. butleri, Wrought. ‘Yop of head and dorsal area with the usual gerbilline colour much darkened, cheeks and flanks light sandy; belly, as usual, pure white. Light markings above eyes scarcely perceptible. Ears brown. Soles with the characteristic band of hairs across them very strongly marked. ‘l'ail long, heavily tufted for its terminal halt, the hairs of the tuft attaining 11 mm. in length, its upper surface and whole of the tuft dark brown, its sides and under surface proximally strong buffy. Skull very like that of 7’. lacustris, but slightly larger. Anterior palatine foramina rather longer and bull a little larger. Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :— Head and body 125 mm.; tail 190 ; hind foot 33; ear 22. Skull: greatest length 37°35 condylo-incisive length 32°2 ; 460 Mr. O. Thomas on zygomatic breadth 18°2; breadth of brain-case 15°3 ; ante- rior palatine foramina 7°2; posterior palatine foramina 4°3 ; upper molar series 5:4. Hab. and Type as above. This gerbil is most like the Soudanese 7. butleri, Wrought., being distinguished from 7. gracilis by its greater size and from 1’. /acustris by its darker colour, these being the only West-African species hitherto known. The Museum also contains a young specimen of the same species collected at Yola by Mr. G. W. Webster. 8. Arvicanthis mordax, sp. n. d. 5,11 (young); ¢.12. Panyam, 4000’. Near A. rujinus, Temm., but greyer and teeth larger, Size large, as in A. rufinus. General colour decidedly greyer than in rufinus, the head and fore-back more buffy than “ drab-grey,” the tips of the hairs cream-buff, their blackish slaty bases showing through. Hind-back and rump gradually approaching “russet.” Base of tail russet. Under surface dull greyish, the tips of the hairs varying from greyish white to drab. Hands and feet dull buffy. Tail more heavily haired than in rufinus; blackish above, buffy on sides and below. Skull very similar to that of A. rufinus, but somewhat greater in zygomatic spread, the length being about the same. Incisors, as in A. rujinus, very broad and heavy. Molars markedly broader than in that species. Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :— Head and body 164 mm.; tail 147; hind foot 34; ear 22. Skull: greatest length 40; condylo-incisive length 38:2 ; zygomatic breadth 20°3; nasals 15:3; interorbital breadth 6-1 ; palatilar length 18°3; palatal foramina 8:2; upper molar series 7°6 3; breadth of m! 2°4. Fab. as above. Type. Old female. B.M. no. 11.3. 24.11. Original num- ber 12. Collected 14th September, 1910. This is no doubt the N.-Nigerian representative of A. rufinus, from which it differs by its greyer colour and larger molars. A specimen of it, without skull, was also obtained during the Alexander-Gosling Expedition by the late Capt. Boyd Alexander at Ibi, on the Benue, in 1904, Mammals from Northern Nigeria. 461 9. Arvicanthis striatus venustus, subsp. n. ¢.1. Panyam, 4000’. B.M. no. 11. 3. 24. 13. Col- lected 2nd May, 1910. Type. A pale form of the A. striatus * group. Size about as in A, pulcher, Wrought., whose distinctness from pulchellus I am disposed to doubt. General colour very pale, the ground-colour between “ clay-colour”’ and “raw umber,” the light punctated stripes less conspicuous than usual. Under surface dull whitish, not sharply defined laterally. Median black dorsal line strong and well defined as usual. Sides of muzzle and a spot above each eye buffy. Kars with their proectote brown, metentote dull ochraceous ; a tuft at their anterior bases and a small patch behind them deep ochraceous. Hands and feet dull buffy white. Tail brown above, dull whitish below. Skull very like that of the type of A. pulcher, but the molars rather larger, Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :— Head and body 119 mm.; tail 140; hind toot 28. Skull: greatest length 32; condylo-incisive length 29-3; greatest breadth 15:5; nasals 12°6; interorbital breadth 6 ; palatilar length 14; palatal foramina 6°3; upper molar series 5°6. Hab. and Type as above. Quite distinct from any known form of the striatus group by its pale colour and less conspicuous striping. 10. Hpimys jacksoni viator, subsp. n. On Os. Se, bs sPanyam, 40001, Quite like true Central Atrican jacksoni, but the colour markedly paler. General colour of upper surface pale rufous fawn, darker and more rufous than ‘“‘clay-colour.’” Sides dark pinkish buff. Belly white, the bases of the hairs slaty grey. Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :— Head and body 109 mm. ; tail 167 ; hind foot 26; ear 20. Skull: greatest length 32 ; condyle-incisive length 28°8 ; nasals 12-2; interorbital breadth 4°6; palatal foramina 7:5 ; upper molar series 5'1. Hab. as above. * Cf. P. Z.S. 1911, p. 148. Sierra Leone specimens, however, will be needed for comparison with the types of pudcher and pulchellus before the mutual relationships of the three can be made out. 462 On Mammals from Northern Nigeria. Type. Old female. B.M. no. 11. 3.24. 18, Original number 6. Collected 12th May, 1910. The discovery of FE. jacksont in West Africa is somewhat of a surprise, but I can find no character of importance to distinguish the Nigerian form from that inhabiting Uganda, some 1700 miles distant. The paler colour is a natural result of the more desert conditions obtaining in Nigeria. 11. Hpimys sp. d. 2. Panyam. Multimammate group. 12. Epimys sp. (?). @. 101 (skull lost). Kabir, 2700’. A white-bellied species ; perhapsallied to #. dalton?, Thos. 13. Acomys sp. Gad O2.) Kabir 27007 ‘he specimen has unfortunately no skull, so that I do not at present attempt to determine it. 14. Georychus foxi, sp. n. 9.13. Panyam, 4000’. Collected 22nd October, 1910. B.M. no. 11. 8. 24.19. Type. A dark-coloured species of medium size. Size rather smaller than in the large G. leche? and its allies, larger than in the majority of the species. Fur soft and fine ; hairs of back about 9 mm. in length. General colour dak, conspicuously different from the light-coloured G. zechi of Togoland, nearly as dark as in G. leche’; hairs dark slaty (grey no. 4) for four-fifths their length, their tips dark brown (darker than “ broccoli-brown”). Underside like upper. Face rather browner; a conspicuous white frontal patch present, but not very large (about 9x4 mm. in the type). Hands and feet thinly haired, the hairs pale brown, Tail brown. Skull much rounded above, though the type appears to be adult. Nasals broadened in the middle and only slightly narrowed posteriorly, not running back to a point; pre- maxillary processes surpassing nasals posteriorly by rather less than 2 mm. Anteorbital foramina small. Incisors much thrown forward, their front face not be- - On new Shells from British East Africa. 463 coming vertical terminally. Last molar disproportionately smaller than the other cheek-teeth. Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :— Head and body 143 mm.; tail 13; hind foot 28. Skull: condylo-basal length 37°6 ; condylo-incisive length 39°6 ; zygomatic breadth 28°7; nasals 16 x 4°7; interorbital breadth 10°8; palatilar length 22°6; upper molar series (crowns) 6°8. Hab. and Type as above. This interesting rodent-mole, which I have named in honour of the donor of the collection, is widely different from any described species, as is, indeed, to be expected from its locality. Perhaps its nearest ally is the G. /echet of Mon- buttu, but that is considerably larger. The only other West- African species, G. zechi, of Togoland, is a very pale animal, while G. fox? is one of the darkest species of the genus. LIV.—Descriptions of Thirty-six new Species of Land and Freshwater Shells from British East Africa, chiefly fr m Mount Kenia and the neighbouring District. By H. B. Preston, F.Z.8. [Plates XI. & XII] Ennea consobrina, sp.n. (Fig. 1.) Allied to . unilirata, Smith *, which also occurred at the same locality, but differing from that species in its larger, more solid, and more cylindrical form, the later whorls in the present species not decreasing in size, its coarsely striate sculpture, broader and more rectangular aperture, and thick rather broadly reflexed labrum ; moreover it has one whorl more, the whorls are flatter, and the suture is shallower. Alt. 4:25, diam. maj. 2°25 mm. Aperture: alt. 1, diam. °75 mm. Hab, Mount Kenia, at an altitude of 9000-10,000 feet, British Hast Africa. Ennea iota, sp.n. (Fig. 2.) Shell minute, ovately pyramidal, thin, white; whorls 5, regularly increasing, the last ascending in front, sculptured * J. Conch. x. p. 315. 46 4 Mr. H. B. Preston on with rather coarse, very oblique, transverse strie; suture somewhat deeply impressed; labrum sinuous, white, scarcely reflexed, the margins not joined, though it is continued for some distance along the parietal wall; aperture almost irre- gularly triangular, furnished with two oblique parietal lamellze, of which the lower is the coarser, a short lamella on the outer lip, a coarse basal denticle, and a coarse oblique lamella on the columella. Alt. 1:5, diam. maj. 1 mm. Hab. Between Rumruti and Mount Kenia, British East Africa. Ennea keniana, sp. n. (Fig. 3.) Shell small, ovately cylindrical, white, somewhat polished ; whorls 8, the first five rather rapidly increasing, sculptured with obsolete, oblique, transverse striz, which become more accentuated on the last whorl behind the labrum, the last whorl tri-strangulate ; suture impressed ; umbilical area exca- vated, depressed, and finally narrowing to a shallow chink ; labrum white, continuous; columella descending rather obliquely ; aperture irregularly rectangular, armed with an almost vertical parietal plait, which bifurcates above where it reaches the margin of the peristome, a denticle and below this a lamella on the outer lip, a rather coarse basal erect lamella and an inwardly curved lamella on the columella. Alt. 3°5, diam. maj. 1°5 mm. Aperture: alt. *75, diam. nearly 5 mm. Hab. Mount Kenia, at an altitude of 6000-8000 feet, British East Africa; a single specimen was also taken in the lower country between Rumruti and Mount Kenia. Ennea optata, sp.n. (Fig. 4.) Shell cylindrically ovate, moderately solid, whitish, polished, shining ; whorls 73, flat, the earlier whorls rather rapidly increasing, the later very slowly increasing, marked with transverse arcuate striz, which become finer on the later whorls, and very fine wavy spiral striz, the last whorl bi- strangulate behind the labrum; suture linear; umbilical area shallowly excavated, but without regular perforation ; labrum white, thickened, reflexed ; aperture irregularly sub- quadrate, armed with a rather crookedly curved parietal lamella on the right side, a somewhat coarse lamella situate between two denticles on the inner margin of the outer lip, a basal tooth-like lamella and a broad bifurcate lamella on the columella, new Shells from British Hast Africa. 465 Alt. 10°75, diam. maj. 5:5 mm. Aperture: alt. 2°5, diam. 2 mm. Hab. Mount Kenia, at an altitude of 6000-8000 feet, British East Africa. Ennea pilula, sp. n. (Fig. 5.) Shell ovate, imperforate, solid, yellowish white, slightly polished ; whorls 74, the apical whorls exserted, smooth, the third, fourth, and fifth gradually increasing, the sixth and seventh flat and about of the same breadth, all the later whorls from the beginning of the third onward sculptured with transverse arcuate stris, which become obsolete on the middle and lower portions of the last whorl, the last whorl tri-strangulate behind the labrum; suture linear ; umbilical area presenting a shallow elongate depression ; columella almost vertically descending ; labrum white, thickened, broadly expanded, reflexed, a coarse white parietal callus joining the margins; aperture roughly quadrilateral, armed with a coarse, broad, bifid, reflexed, subparietal lamella, below which occur on the inner margin of the outer lip three plaits, the upper of which forms a canal with the subparietal lamella; below these and at the base of the aperture occurs a fourth plait, and above this on the columella are situate three more plaits, of which the middle one is the strongest, and again above these two denticles. Alt. 11°25, diam. maj. 6°5 mm. Aperture; alt. 2°5, diam. 1°75 mm. Hab. Mount Kenia, at an altitude of 6000-8000 feet, British East Africa. Ennea pretiosa, sp.n. (Fig. 6.) Shell ovate, rimate, thin, whitish when in dead condition ; whorls 7, the first four rapidly increasing, the sixth the largest, apical whorl smooth, the remainder sculptured with distant, thin, erect, transverse costule, between which occur coarse transverse striz; suture rather deeply impressed ; umbilicus wide above, suddenly becoming very narrow and deep below; labrum almost continuous, white, expanded, reflexed, folded above, and turned downwards into a strong, parietal, obtusely angular lamella, bearing a nodule on either side of the angle ; aperture irregularly ovate, armed with a short, lamelliform tubercle on the outer lip; a broad, basal denticle, above which occur two denticles, on the columella, of which the lower is the larger. Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. vii. 31 466 Mr. H. B. Preston on Alt. 4°5, diam. maj. 2°5 mm. Aperture: alt. 1, diam. *5 mm. Hab. Between Rumruti and Mount Kenia, British East Africa ; specimens were also taken on Mount Kenia itself at an altitude of from 6000-8000 feet. The sculpture of the species is very beautiful, and under a Jens recalls that of some of the more distantly costulate Scalarie. Ennea princei, sp.n. (Fig. 7.) Shell cylindrically ovate, perforate, cream-coloured ; whorls 7, the first five rapidly increasing, the last ascending in front, closely obliquely transversely striate; suture im- pressed; umbilicus moderately narrow, deep; peristome nearly continuous, white, narrowly reflexed ; aperture irregu- larly rectangular, armed with an almost vertical parietal lamella; a large projecting denticle on the outer lip, opposite which is situate a similar denticle of about equal size on the columella, Alt. 4, diam. maj. 2°25 mm. Aperture: alt. 1, diam. nearly *75 mm. Hab. Mount Kenia, at an altitude of 9000-10,000 feet, British East Africa. Enea simplicima, sp.n. (Fig. 8.) Shell cylindrical, very thin, almost membranaceous, per- forate, pale greenish white ; whorls 6, the first four rapidly increasing, transversely striate, the striae becoming obsolete on the later whorls ; suture well impressed; umbilicus very narrow, nearly concealed by the outward expansion of the columella; columella descending obliquely, a thin white callus joining it with the lip above; labrum thin, white, scarcely reflexed; aperture broadly and shortly inversely auriform, edentulate. Alt. 5, diam, maj. 2 mm. Aperture: alt. 1, diam. °75 mm. Flab. Mount Kenia, at an altitude of 9000-10,000 feet, British East Africa. Thapsia rumrutiensis, sp.n. (Fig. 9.) Shell perforate, small, depressedly turbinate, moderately solid, dark straw-colour; whorls 34, rather rapidly increasing, marked with lines of growth, the last angled at the periphery ; suture impressed ; base of shell somewhat inflated, sculptured new Shells from British East Africa. 467 with very fine wavy strie ; umbilicus very narrow ; colu- mella short, curved; labrum simple, acute; aperture broadly sublunate. Alt. 1:25, diam. maj. 2°5, diam. min. 2°25 mm. Hab. Between Rumruti and Mount Kenia, British East Africa ; two specimens were also collected at Rumruti on the Laikipia Plateau. Zingis gaziensis, sp.n. (Fig. 10.) Shell depressedly turbinate, thin, pale yellowish brown ; whorls 43, sculptured with coarse, transverse, subplicate lines of growth; suture impressed; umbilicus deep ; columella arched, outwardly dilated above; labrum simple; aperture rather broadly lunate. Alt. 4, diam. maj. 7°5, diam. min. 6°5 mm. Aperture: alt. 3, diam. 2°5 mm. Hab. Gazi, British East Africa. Zingis consanguinea, sp.n. (Fig. 11.) Closely allied to Z. gaziens’s, but darker in colour, with rather more produced spire and wider umbilicus ; the aperture also is rather more broadly lunate. Alt. 4°75, diam. maj. 8°25, diam. min. 7 mm, Aperture: alt. 3°25, diam. 3°5 mm. Hab. Between Rumruti and Mount Kenia, British East Africa; also collected on Mount Kenia at from 6000-8000 feet altitude. Zingis kentana, sp.n. (Fig. 12.) Shell turbinate, with moderately exserted spire, thin, pale brown, painted with a rather broad band of pale reddish purple just above the periphery; whorls 53, regularly in- creasing, the last rather globose, marked with growth-ridges and sculptured with very fine, closely set, silky, oblique, transverse and fine, spiral striz ; suture impressed, somewhat wrinkled below ; base of shell spirally striate ; umbilicus very narrow, deep, overhung by the expansion of the columella ; columella descending in a curve, outwardly expanded and diffused into a polished, granular, spirally striate, parietal callus which reaches the lip above ; labrum simple; aperture broadly sublunate. Alt. 10, diam. maj. 14°25, diam. min. 12°5 mm. Aperture: alt. 7, diam. 6 mm. Hab. Mount Kenia, at an altitude of 9000-10,000 feet, British East Africa. Bl te 468 Mr. H. B. Preston on Trachycystis planulata, sp. n. (Fig. 13.)' Shell depressedly suborbicular, with nearly planulate spire, perforate, thin, horny, pale olivaceous ; whorls 43, rather rapidly increasing, the last descending in front, angled at the periphery, marked with coarse, oblique, somewhat arcuate, transverse riblets; suture well impressed; base of shell slightly convex ; umbilicus moderately wide, deep ; colu- mella descending in a very oblique curve; labrum thin, narrowly reflexed ; aperture broadly sublunate. Alt. 5:25, diam. maj. 11, diam. min. 9 mm. Aperture: alt. 5, diam. 5°5 mm. Hab. Mount Kenia, at an altitude of 9000-10,000 feet, British East Africa. Trachycystis pseudocharopa, sp. n. (Fig. 14.) Shell small, suborbicular, depressed, almost planulate, somewhat thin, light brown; whorls 33, sculptured with rather coarse, closely set, oblique, arcuate costule; suture impressed; umbilicus moderately wide, deep; columella vertically descending; labrum simple, acute; aperture broadly sublunate. Alt. 1°25, diam.'maj.(2°5° mm: Hab. Naivasha, British East Africa. A pretty little species, forcibly reminding one of some of the New Zealand and Australian Charopide. Trachycystis approximans, sp.n. (Fig. 15.) Very closely allied to 7. pseudocharopa, but differing in its much finer sculpture and less depressed form, the present species being depressedly turbinate. Alt. 1:5, diam. maj. 2°5, diam, min. 2 mm. Aperture : alt. °5, diam. about °5 mm. Hab. Between Rumruti and Mount Kenia, British East Africa. Trachycystis rugosa, sp.n. (Fig. 5c Shell small, depressedly orbicular, covered with a pale brown periostracum ; whorls 33, regularly increasing, sculp- tured with distant, rather coarse, transverse costule, between which occur fine, closely-set, transverse striz ; suture deeply impressed ; base of shell slightly inflated ; umbilicus wide, deep ; columella obliquely descending, a callus joining it with the lip above; labrum simple; aperture subcireular. new Shells from British East Africa. 469 Alt. 1°5, diam. maj. 2°75, diam. min. 2°25 mm. Aperture: alt. °5, diam. *5 mm. Hab. Mount Kenia, at an altitude of 9000-10,000 feet, British Hast Africa. Acanthinula expatriata, sp.n. (Fig. 17.) Shell globosely turbinate, with elevated spire, thin, covered with a shining pale bronze periostracum, which is raised on the later whorls into rather distant, regular, very oblique ridges, each ridge bearing a coarse, long, broad-based, mem- branaceous bristle at the periphery ; whorls 4, rapidly in- creasing, convex; suture deeply impressed ; base of shell convex, showing traces of very fine, spiral sculpture between the ridges of the periostracum ; umbilicus narrow, very deep, partly concealed by the expansion of the outer margin of the columella ; columella descending in an oblique curve and diffused above into a whitish, parietal callus, both it and the labrum white, slightly reflexed and outwardly broadly surrounded by a reflexed extension of the membranaceous periostracum, thus forming a double margin; aperture sub- circular, Alt. nearly 2°5, diam. maj. 2 mm. Hab. Mount Kenia, at an altitude of 9000-10,000 feet, British EastAfrica. Rachis virginea, sp.n. (Fig. 18.) Shell acuminately ovate, thin, the earlier whorls flesh- coloured, the later whorls cream-coloured, occasionally spotted with reddish purple; whorls 54, rather flat, the last angulate at the periphery, marked with transverse growth lines and very fine, spiral striz, these latter becoming more marked on the base of the shell; suture impressed ; columella obliquely outwardly curved below, reflexed and expanded into a thin callus ; peristome simple; aperture ovate. Alt. 14, diam. maj. 9°5, diam. min. 7 mm. Aperture: alt. 7°5, diam. 4:5 mm. Hab. Mount Kenia, at an altitude of 6000-8000 feet, British East Africa. Rachis turricula, sp.n. (Fig. 19.) Shell elongately turrite, perforate, thin, corneous, polished, pale yellowish brown ; whorls 7, the last two rather rapidly increasing, marked with fine, oblique lines of growth; suture impressed ; umbilicus very narrow; columella vertically 470 Mr. H. B. Preston on descending, outwardly reflexed round the narrow perforation ; aperture inversely auriform. Alt. 10, diam. maj. 5 mm. Aperture: alt. 5, diam. 2°5 mm. Hab. Between Rumruti and Mount Kenia, British East Africa. Cerastus nobilis, sp.n. (Fig. 20.) Shell acuminately ovate, scarcely rimate, somewhat solid, dark flesh-coloured, shading to a paler hue on the last whorl ; whorls 6, rapidly increasing, the apical whorls smooth, the remainder decussately sculptured with fine, spiral and transverse stria, the upper whorls also being rather coarsely obliquely transversely striate, and the last coarsely malleated ; suture impressed, slightly crenellate ; columella rather verti- cally descending, outwardly expanded above, a faint polished callus joining it with the margin of the labrum; labrum thickened, outwardly expanded, reflexed, tinged with pale reddish brown ; aperture inversely auriform ; interior of shell rich reddish brown. Alt. 30, diam. maj. 21, diam. min. 17°5 mm. Aperture: alt. 13°5, diam. 8°5 mm. Hab. Mount Kenia, at an altitude of 6000-8000 feet, British East Africa. Jaminia desiderata, sp.n. (Fig. 21.) Shell small, turbinate, with very obtuse apex, reddish brown; whorls 53, rather slowly increasing, moderately convex, the last ascending in front; suture well impressed ; umbilicus broad, somewhat deep, partly concealed by the reflexion of the columellar margin; columella descending very obliquely, bearing rather interiorly a single plait; labrum whitish, sinuous, reflexed, projecting inwardly at a point some little distance below its junction with the parietal wall, which bears a weak, very oblique lamella; aperture irregularly quadrate. Alt. 3, diam. maj. 2 mm. Aperture: alt. °75, diam. ‘5 mm. Hab. Mount Kenia, at an altitude of 9000-10,000 feet British East Africa. Fauxulus duplicatus, sp.n. (Fig. 22.) Shell small, sinistral, cylindrically ovate, rimate, brown ; whorls 5, the first four regularly increasing, the last ascending new Shells from British East Africa. ATL in front, having a somewhat weathered appearance ; suture well impressed ; umbilicus reduced to a narrow chink ; colu- mella descending in a curve; labrum continuous, white, slightly reflexed, obtusely angled above on the outer side ; aperture roundly ovate, armed with two short, erect, parietal lamelle placed the one almost above the other, the lower of which is very interiorly situate, a tubercular lamella on the columella and a sub-basal lamella on the outer lip, above which, and well inside the shell, occurs a small denticle. Alt. 8°25, diam. maj. 1°75 mm. Aperture: alt. 1, diam. °5 mm. Hab. Between Rumruti and Mount Kenia, British Hast Africa. Clausilia deyeneris, sp.n. (Fig. 23.) Shell small, thin, cylindrically subulate, brown, streaked with greyish white; whorls 7, somewhat convex, sculptured with fine, oblique, closely set, silky, transverse striz ; suture well impressed ; columella whitish, arched, bearing on the upper portion a single erect lamella almost at right angles ; labrum continuous, whitish, slightly thickened, scarcely reflexed ; aperture ovate. Alt. 6°25, diam. maj. 1°5 mm. Aperture: alt. 1, diam. °5 mm. Hab. Between Rumruti and Mount Kenia, British Hast Africa. A small degenerate form which almost marks the southern limit of the genus on the African continent. REBMANNIELLA, sec. nov. Shell having broad, blunt, apical whorls and columella almost truncate. Type of section, 2. inepta. Limicolaria (Rebmanniella) inepta, sp. n. (Fig. 24.) Shell fusiform, rather solid, the earlier whorls painted with transverse slate-coloured flame-markings, the later whorls brownish yellow, stained, streaked, and blotched with greyish brown ; whorls 64, decussately sculptured throughout with spiral striz and transverse riblets ; suture impressed, slightly crenellate, margined below; columella descending nearly vertically, diffused above into a thin polished callus, which reaches the margin of the labrum, almost truncate below ; labrum simple, acute, somewhat receding above and below; A472 Mr. H. B. Preston on aperture rather narrowly inversely auriform ; interior of shell pale bluish white, polished, nacreous. Alt. 58, diam. maj. 27, diam. min. 24 mm. Aperture: alt. 21, diam. 14 mm. Hab. Mount Kenia, at an altitude of 6000-8000 feet, British East Africa. T am inclined to include in this section Limicolaria dohertyi, Smith *, from Uganda, and also Limicolaria kentana, Smith f, from Mount Kenia. KRAPFIELLA, gen. nov. Shell bulimiform, perforate, with apical whorls large, broad, and sculptured with spiral strive, the later whorls marked only with transverse wrinkles ; columella nof truncate. Type of genus, A. mirabilis. Krapfiella mirabilis, sp. n. (Figs. 254, 25 B.) Shell elongately ovate, rather thin, yellowish brown; whorls 51, the apical whorls closely but coarsely spirally striate, the later whorls sculptured with transverse riblets ; suture well impressed, somewhat crenellate ; umbilicus narrow, deep, partly concealed by the outward expansion of the columella; columella glassy, slightly oblique, outwardly expanded ; peristome simple; aperture inversely auriform. Alt. 23:5, diam. maj. 13, diam. min. 11 mm, © Aperture; alt. 10°25, diam. 5°5 mm. Hab. Mount Kenia, at an altitude of 6000-8000 feet, British Kast Africa. Homorus egregius, sp.n. (Fig. 26.) Shell subulate, glossy, polished, shining, yellowish olive ; whorls 11, somewhat convex, marked with transverse growth striae; suture well impressed, somewhat crenellate; colu- mella curved, obliquely truncate below, a light well-defined callus extending from it to the margin of the labrum above ; labrum simple ; aperture elongately inversely auriform. Alt. 51:75, diam. maj. 18, diam. min. 11 mm. Aperture : alt. 13, diam. 5°5 mm. Hab. Mount Kenia, at an altitude of 6000-8000 feet, British East Africa. Curvella deliciosa, sp. n. (Fig. 27.) Shell ovately fusiform, thin, vitreous, pale greenish white ; * J, Malac. viii. p. 95. t J. Conch. x. p. 318. new Shells from British East Africa. 473 whorls 43, the first three and a half regularly increasing, the last large, the apical whorls smooth, the later whorls beauti- fully sculptured with fine, glassy, regularly distant, arcuate costule ; suture well impressed ; columella almost vertically descending, stained with pale reddish chestnut, a moderately thick well-defined parietal callus joining it with the lip above ; labrum simple, acute, receding above and below; aperture elongately inversely auriform. Alt. 6°5, diam, maj. 3°5 mm. Aperture: alt. 3°5, diam. 1°75 mm. Hab. Mount Kenia, at an altitude of 9000-10,000 feet, British East Africa. KEn1A, subgen. nov. Shell subulate, transversely striate, with oblique truncate columella, the later whorls, and especially the last, much elongated ; aperture receding at base. Type of subgenus, Kenia suturalis. Kenia suturalis, sp.n. (Fig. 28.) Shell subulate, thin, semitransparent, polished, shining, yellowish olive; whorls 7, the last two flattish and more elongate in proportion to the remainder, the upper whorls sculptured with oblique transverse strie, which become less marked on the later whorls; suture impressed, ornamented with a narrow, cream-coloured, sublateral, marginal band on which the terminations of the transverse stria are very apparent ; columella descending in a very pronounced curve, obliquely truncate below, diffused outwards and above into a thin whitish callus which reaches the upper margin of the labrum ; labrum simple, acute, receding below ; aperture inversely auriform. Alt. 29°5, diam. maj. 8°5, diam. min. 8 mm. Aperture: alt. 8°5, diam. 4°55 mm. Hab. Mount Kenia, at an altitude of 9000-10,000 feet, British East Africa. Subulina dohertyi*, Smith, from Uganda, specimens of which also occurred on Mount Kenia at from 6000-8000 feet, may perhaps also be included in the present subgenus. Kenia tredalei, sp.n. (Fig. 29.) Shell subulate, whitish, covered with a golden-brown * J. Conch. x. p. 319. 474 Mr. H. B. Preston on periostracum ; whorls 7, moderately flat, marked only with lines of growth ; suture impressed ; columella somewhat curved, abruptly truncate; labrum simple, receding below ; aperture inversely auriform. Alt. 16°75, diam. maj. 4°5 mm. Aperture: alt. 4°5, diam. 2 mm. Hab. Mount Kenia, 6000-8000 feet, British East Africa. Opeas orestias, sp.n. (Fig. 30.) Shell fusiform, yellowish white, thin, rimate, with obtuse and rather large apex ; whorls 53, convex, the first one and a half smooth, the remainder sculptured with somewhat coarse transverse riblets; suture deeply impressed ; perforation reduced to a mere chink ; columella descending obliquely, reflexed ; labrum acute, simple ; aperture elongately ovate. Alt. 4 mm., diam. maj. 2 mm. Aperture: alt. 1, diam. nearly ‘5 mm. Hab. Mount Kenia, at an altitude of 9000-10,000 feet, British East Africa. Opeas terebra, sp.n. (Fig. 31.) Shell elongately subulate, shining, yellowish white, thin ; whorls 103, the apical whorls smooth, submammillary, the yemainder flattish, sculptured with fine, transverse, arcuate costules ; suture impressed, rather coarsely crenellated by the terminations of the transverse costule ; columella thickened, descending inaslight curve ; labrum white, slightly reflexed ; aperture inversely auriform. Alt. 12°5, diam. maj. 2°75 mm. Aperture: alt. 2°25, diam. 1 mm. Hab. Between Rumruti and Mount Kenia, British East Africa. Opeas rumrutiensis, sp.n. (Fig. 32.) Shell rather shortly subulate, thin, semitransparent, wax- coloured, with rather blunt apex ; whorls 6, slightly convex, sculptured with transverse, arcuate, somewhat closely-set costule ; suture impressed, margined below ; columella vertically descending, narrowly reflexed; labrum simple ; aperture inversely auriform. Alt. 6, diam. maj. 2, diam. min. 1°75 mm. Aperture: alt. 1:75, diam. *5 mm. Hab. Between Rumruti and Mount Kenia, British East Africa. new Shells from British East Africa. 475 Opeas angustior, sp.n. (Fig. 33.) Shell differing from O. rwmrutiens?s in its rather narrower form and more acuminate apex, in having an additional whorl and a half, coarser transverse sculpture, crenellate and not margined suture, more obliquely descending columella, and shorter aperture. Alt. 7:25, diam. maj. nearly 2 mm. Aperture: alt. 1:25, diam. ‘5 mm. po” Between Rumruti and Mount Kenia, British Hast frica. Opeas vicina, sp.n. (Fig. 34.) Shell differing from O. angustior in its shorter and more tapering form, rather more convex whorls, of which there are but six, coarser sculpture, rather less oblique columella, and shorter aperture. Alt. 5°25, diam. maj. 1°75, diam. min. 1°5 mm. Aperture: alt. 1, diam. °5 mm. Hab Between Rumruti and Mount Kenia, British Hast Africa. Ancylus crassistriatus, sp.n. (Fig. 35.) Shell somewhat conical, ‘oval, with subcentral apex, choco- late-brown in colour, scu/ptured with coarse, wavy, radiate strie ; margin somewhat serrated ; interior reddish brown, polished, shining. Alt. 2, diam. maj. 4°5, diam. min. 3 mm. Hab. Between Rumruti and Mount Kenia, British East Africa. Pisidium kenianum, sp.n. (Fig. 36.) Shell solid, somewhat trigonal, convex, very finely con- centrically striate; umbones large; dorsal margin arched ; ventral margin rounded; anterior side rather abruptly descending ; posterior side slightly produced, rounded ; cardinal teeth in right valve small, oblique ; anterior lateral elongate, erect; posterior lateral also elongate, slightly rounded; cardinal teeth in left valve situated at an. obtuse angle to one another, the anterior broad below, the posterior small; the anterior lateral in left valve posteriorly bifid, angled in the middle, outwardly projecting; the posterior lateral elongately anteriorly bifid, also projecting, slightly grooved above. 476 On new Shells from British East Africa. Long. 3°75, lat. 4 mm. Hab. Between Rumruti and Mount Kenia, British East Africa ; a few specimens were also collected on Mount Kenia at an altitude of from 9000-10,000 feet. Mr. B. B. Woodward, who has very kindly examined this species for me, informs me that it in some measure resembles the P. supinum, A. Schmidt, of North-western Europe. EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. PLATE XI. . Ennea consobrina, sp. 0. ig. 1 Fig. 2: dota, Sp. N. Big: 3S, keniana, sp. 0. ag. 4. optata, sp. 0. Fig. 5. —— pilula, sp. n. Fig. 6, —— pretiosa, sp. n. Fig. 7. —— princet, sp. n. Fig. 8. simplicima, sp. Nn. Fig. 9, Thapsia rumrutiensis, sp. n. Fig. 10. Zingis gaziensis, sp. n. Fig. 11; consanguined, sp. N. Fig. 12 keniana, sp. 0. Fig. 13. Trachycystis planulata, sp. n. Fig. 14. pseudocharopa, sp. 0. Fig. 15 approximans, sp. N. Fig. 16 rugosa, sp. N. Fig. 17. Acanthinula expatriata, sp. n. Fig. 18. Rachis virginea, sp. n. : : turricula, sp. D. Fig. 20. Cerastus nobilis, sp. n. fig. 21. Jaminia desiderata, sp. n. Fig. 22, Fauxulus duplicatus, sp. n. Fig. 23. Clausilia degeneris, sp. 0. PEATE SOE: tg. 24. Limicolaria (Rebmanniella) inepta, sp. n. Fig. 25a. Krapfiella mirabilis, sp. n. Fig. 258. Apex, enlarged. Fig. 26. Homorus egregius, sp. n. Fig. 27. Curvella deliciosa, sp. 0. Fig. 28. Kenia suturalis, sp. n. tredalet, sp. 0. Fig. 30, Opeas orestias, sp. 0. terebra, sp. 1. Fig. 32. —— rumrutiensis, sp. n. angustior, sp. 0. vicina, sp. 0. Fig. 35. Ancylus crassistriatus, sp. u. Fig. 36. Pistdium kenianum, sp. n. On new Freshwater Fishes from South Africa. 477 LV. — Deseriptions of Three new Species of Freshwater Fishes from South Africa. By J. D. F. Gincurist, D.Sc., and W. WARDLAW lHomMesOoN, F.Z.S. Labeo seeberi, sp. n. Depth of body nearly 5 times in total length, excluding caudal, length of head 43 times ; width of head nearly # its length ; snout prominent, projecting, rounded and slightly pointed, longer than postocular part of head and 27), times in length of head; eye lateral, nearer to gill-opening than to point of snout, 7 times in length of head, 3} times in inter- orbital width; width of mouth, with lips, a little more than 4 length of head ; lips well-developed, with transverse plice on inner surface, fringed with papille; the lower lip with prominent papilla scattered on it and festooned on lower edge; rostral flap fringed ; no barbel visible. Dorsal 1V 9, nearly equidistant from nostrils and base of caudal, upper border emarginate; longest branched ray about # length of head. Anal III 5, does not reach to base of caudal. Pectoral # length of head, does not reach to ventral, which is inserted below 4th branched ray of dorsal. Caudal deeply forked, the lower lobe pointed and longer than upper; caudal peduncle nearly twice as long as deep. Scales 83, lat. tr. = ; 16 rows of scales between lateral line and root of ventral, about 32 rows round caudal peduncle. Colour (of preserved specimen) dark bluish brown above, light coloured on belly ; body covered with minute dark specks. One specimen, 268 mm. in length, from Olifant’s River, Transvaal (Dr. Secber). Fane SUE o/s Taricorhinus nasutus, sp. n. (Morobe.) Depth of body 33%, times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 4;%, times ; width of head about 2 its length. Snout pointed and prominent, shorter than postocular portion of head; eye lateral, 7 times in length cf head and 34 times in interorbital width; width of mouth ¢ length of head; rostral flap pointed and overlaps symphysis of upper jaw ; a double row of papille behind premaxillary ; two barbels on each side, the lower longer than the upper and # diameter of eye. 478 On new Freshwater Fishes from South Africa. Dorsal IV 9, outer border of fin slightly emarginate, no ossified ray, the longest branched ray about 4% length of head; the anterior rays, from 4th to 6th, have a skinny flap on each side along the greater part of their posterior edge. Anal IIL 5, similar to dorsal, reaches base of caudal. Pectoral a little more than # length of head and not reaching to ventral, which is inserted below posterior half or middle of dorsal. Caudal forked; depth of caudal peduncle 1} times in its length. Scales 30, lateral line very indistinct anteriorly and marked on posterior half of body by small round holes, lat. tr. : ; 3 rows of scales between lateral line and base of ventrals, 12 rows round caudal peduncle. The scales on the body are very large, those below posterior margin of dorsal being the largest and more than twice diameter of eye; the scales on the belly are much smaller ; head entirely scaleless. Colour (of preserved specimen) bluish above, flesh- coloured below. One specimen, 482 mm. in length, from gorge helow Victoria Falls, Zambesi River (F. W. Sykes). Varicorhinus nelspruitensis, sp. n. Boly compressed, depth 33 to 4 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 44 to 43 times, width of head 2 to 3 its length ; snout prominent, rounded, shorter than postocular portion of head; eye lateral, 42 to 4% times in length of head and about twice to 22 times in interorbital width ; width of mouth about 4 length of head; no barbel ; small tubercles on snout; mouth feebly curved. Dorsal III 8-9, upper edge slightly emarginate, no ossified ray, longest branched ray $ to about same length as head. Anal II 5, similar to dorsal, does not reach base of caudal. Pectoral # to about same length as head, does not reach ventral, which is inserted below 2nd branched ray of dorsal. Caudal forked, the lobes pointed ; caudal peduncle 14 times to twice as long as deep. Scales 34-35, lat. tr. ae 24 rows of scales between lateral line and base of ventral, 14 rows round caudal peduncle. Colour (of preserved specimens) bluish black, darker above. Two specimens, 145 mm. and 158 mm. in length re- spectively, from Nelspruit, Transvaal. Mr. R, E. Turner on Fossortal Hymencptera. 479 LVI.—WNotes on Fossorial FHymenoptera.—lV. By Row.anp EK. Turner, F.Z.S., F.E.S. Remarks on the Genus Palarus. THE following remarks are founded on the specimens of Palarus in the National Collection at South Kensington, which I have recently rearranged, and also on the collection of Colonel C. G. Nurse, which he has kindly lent to me for the purpose. ‘Ihe National Collection, though recently much improved by the purchase of the Saunders collection and by specimens from Karachi presented by Mr. Comber, is still poor, especially in species from Asiatic Russia. The species with which I am acquainted, together with a few others which are sufficiently well described, if classified according to the apical abdominal segment of the male, fall into five natural groups :— I, Seventh dorsal segment bifurcate at the apex. 1. P. o’neili, Brauns; 2. P. rujfipes, Latr.; 3. P. variegatus, Fabr.; 4. P. spinole, Sauss.; 5. P. fortistriolatus, Cam. ; 6. P. affinis, Moraw. ; 7. P. rothschildi, Grib. If. Seventh dorsal segment narrow and truncate or shallowly emar- ginate at the apex. 1. P. indicus, Nurse ; 2. P. sawnderst, Morice ; 3. ? P. donga- lensis, Klug; 4. ? P. aurantiacus, Rad. III. Seventh dorsal segment tridentate at the apex. 1. P. funerarius, Moraw.; 2. P. bisignatus, Moraw.; 38. P. se- ravensis, Rad.; 4. P. letus, Klug; 5. P. fabius, Nurse ; 6. P. lepidus, Klug; 7. P. nurset, Turn.; 8. P. confusus, Turn. IV. Seventh dorsal segment truncate at the apex, with lateral spines at the base. 1. P. ortentalis, Kohl; 2. P. latifrons, Kohl. V. Seventh dorsal segment broadly subtruncate at the apex, without lateral spines. 1. P. comberi, Turn, The third group is also distinguished by the greater dis- . tance between the eyes on the vertex. P. penther/, Brauns, seems to form a sixth group. The genus is isolated among the Sphecoidea, showing no near relationship to any other, and when the group is revised can hardly be associated with the Larridee. Kohl practically 480 Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. leaves the genus unclassified, though associating it provision- ally with the Larridee. Most of the species belong to the Palearctic and Ethiopian Regions, only one species having been found in the part of India really belonging to the Oriental Region, though seven must now be included in the fauna of British India. The collections of Colonel Nurse and Mr. Comber are particularly interesting, showing that the fauna of Quetta is mainly Palearctic, while at Karachi and Deesa there is a strong Palearctic element in a fauna that is mainly Indian, the country between the Rajputana desert and the passes into Beluchistan being a borderland between the two regions. Palarus variegatus, Fabr. Tiphia variegata, Faby. Spec. Insect. p. 451 (1781). 2. Crabro flavipes, Fabr. Spec. Insect. p. 470 (1781). Palarus flavipes, Laty. Gen. Crust. & Insect. 1. (1806). As I have previously pointed out, the name variegutus should be used for this species. Palarus fortistriolatus, Cam. Palarus fortistriolatus, Cam. Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xx. p. 91 (1907). This species is nearest to P. spinole, Sauss., but has the pleuree more closely punctured, ‘There is no tubercle or lateral spine on the sixth ventral segment of the male. Palarus indicus, Nurse. Palarus indicus, Nurse, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. xy. p. 4 (1903). This is probably a geographical race of P. dongalensis, Klug, and is somewhat intermediate between the typical form and P. aurantiacus, Rad. Females from Karachi (ex coll. Comber) have the median segment black in the middle, as in Klug’s figure, the mesonotum black, with an obscure ferruginous line on each side, and the wings flavo-hyaline at the base. Otherwise the specimens answer well to Radosz- kowski’s dessription. Palarus funerarius, Moraw. Palarus funerarius, Moraw. Hor, Soe. ent. Ross. xxiii. p. 186 (1889). - Palarus quiescens, Nurse, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soe. xv. p. 5 (1903). Hab. Deesa (Nurse) ; Karachi (Comber) ; Mongolia (Morawitz). Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. 481 Palarus letus, Klug. Palarus letus, Klug, Symbol. physic. (1845). $9. Larra annulata, Walker, List of Hymen. in Egypt, p. 25 (1871). ¢. Stizus walkeri, Handl. Sitzber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, ci. p. 177 (1892). A male specimen, evidently named by Walker, is in the British Museum. It answers well to Walker’s description, and may possibly be the type. Palarus fabius, Nurse. Palarus fabius, Nurse, Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. xv. p. 6 (1908). Very near letus, Klug, but the depression on the middle of the median segment is narrower and not so deep, and the transverse ridge on the second ventral segment of the male is much less developed. ‘The scutellum in the male is yellow, as in the female. Palarus nurset, sp. n. 6. Niger; mandibulis, clypeo, pronoto linea interrupta, callis humeralibus, macula ante alas, tegulis, mesopleuris macula magna, postscutello, segmentis dorsalibus fasciis transversis, pedi- busque flavis; segmento ventrali secundo apice cristato, ano tridentato. @. Mari simillima, segmentis abdominis apice fusco-ferrugineis, area pygidiali ferruginea. 3. Clypeus smooth and shining, very broadly rounded at the apex ; a narrow longitudinal carina between the antenne, obscurely continued on the front, not quite reaching the anterior ocellus. Mandibles strongly notched on the lower margin. Antenne thickened towards the apex, the second joint of the flagellum distinctly longer than the third, joints 8-13 broader than long. Anterior ocellus large and round, the posterior ocelli much smaller and oval. HKyes*separated on the vertex by a distance not quite equal to the length of the second joint of the flagellum. Front and mesonotum minutely punctured and covered with very fine whitish pubescence. Scutellum shining and almost smooth, with a strongly depressed line of deep punctures at the base; meso- pleuree shining and very sparsely punctured. Median seg- ment with a deep and rather broad longitudinal depression in the middle, obliquely striated. First dorsal segment concave at the base, with an elevated carina on each side; first ventral segment with two small tubercles near the middle, beyond which the segment is strongly depressed to the apex; Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. vii. 32 482 Mr. R. E. Turner on Fosserial Hymenoptera. second ventral segment raised into a broad transverse ridge at the apex; ventral segments 3-6 with an arched carina or raised space before the apex; apical segment tridentate at the apex, the median tooth stouter and slightly longer than the lateral. Appendiculate cell not very distinct; third transverse cubital nervure received very near the apex of the radial cell; second cubital cell with a very short petiole, very broadly triangular, longer on the cubitus than the third cubital cell; first recurrent nervure interstitial with the first transverse cubital nervure. Black; the mandibles (except at. the apex), clypeus, a narrow transverse line above the base of the antenne, an interrupted line on the pronotum, tegule and a spot in front of them, a large vertical spot on the mesopleure, post- scutellum, a broad transverse band on each dorsal segment of the abdomen, strongly arcuate in the middle on segments 4—6, the femora (except at the base), tibize, and tarsi pale yellow ; antenne fuscous; the apical margins of the dorsal abdominal segments and the ridge at the apex of the second ventral segment fusco-ferruginous. Wings hyaline, nervures pale testaceous. Length 9 mm. ?. As in the male, but differs in the absence of tubercles or ridges on the ventral abdominal segments; the pygidial area is smooth, long and narrow, pointed at the apex. The first recurrent nervure is received by the second cubital cell near the base. The sides of the scutellum and of the median segment and ventral segments 2-4 are marked with yellow. The two basal ventral segments and the pygidium bright ferruginous. Posterior and intermediate legs stained with terruginous. Length 9 mm. Hab. Quetta (Nurse) ; May and June. Near P. lepidus, Klug, but differs in the darker ground- colour of the abdomen ; the front is flatter and has a frontal carina instead of a groove, and the scutellum is smoother. In the male the ridge on the second ventral segment is less developed and the first recurrent nervure is differently placed. It is also a less robust species. Palarus confusus, sp. n. Very near P. nursed, but differs as follows :— 3. The anterior margin of the clypeus almost transverse ; eyes separated on the vertex by a distance equal to the length of the two basal joints of the flagellum, posterior ocelli almost Mr. R. KE. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. 483 round, mesonotum and scutellum more closely and distinctly punctured, the depression on the median segment broader anteriorly, abdomen finely and closely punctured instead of almost smooth; the ridge at the apex of the second ventral segment only slightly developed; first recurrent nervure received near the base of the second cubital cell. The yellow bands are confined to the three basal abdominal segments, being replaced on the others by fusco-ferruginous. The wings are very faintly tinged with fuscous. ?. Differs as in the male, but the eyes are quite as near together on the vertex as in P. nurset; the median segment has a large yellow spot on each side near the middle and the pygidial area has a low longitudinal carina and is sparsely but deeply punctured. Length, ¢ 8, 2 9 mm. Hab. Algeria (Eaton), June 1893; ¢ ¢?. Aine Kriar, June 1896; 9. Ex coll. E. Saunders, in which it was confused with P. lepidus, Klug, from which it differs by the frontal cha- racters, the distance between the eyes on the vertex, and otherwise. ‘lhe male is of slender build, as in P. nurset, bnt the female is robust, as in P. lepidus. The male is the type. Palarus ortentalis, Kohl. Palarus orientalis, Kohl, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxxiv. p. 422 (1884). Hab. Ceylon (Kohl) ; Deesa (Nurse). Two males and one female taken at Deesa by Colonel Nurse (March and April). The female does not differ from the male in colour. The pygidial area is black, strongly longitudinally striated, broad at the base, rather sharply narrowed near the middle and produced into a point at the apex. Palarus comberi, sp. n. 3. Niger; clypeo, mandibulis (apice excepto), tegulis, macula mesopleurarum, fasciisque interruptis segmentorum 1-6 pallide flavis ; pedibus flayo-variegatis; alis sordide hyalinis, nervulis testaceis. Pygidium inerme. Long. 13 mm, Mandibles with a notch on the outer margin near the middle ; clypeus very broadly rounded at the apex, slightly 32* 484 Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossortal Hymenoptera. convex at the base, flattened towards the apex. yes sepa- rated on the vertex by a very narrow line; the anterior ocellus much larger than the others, which are oval and separated by a longitudinal carina. Antenne shorter than the mesonotum and scutellum combined, thickened towards the apex, the second joint of the flagellum longer than the first and third combined, the fifth joint as broad as long. Mesonotum finely and rather closely punctured, scutellum shining and almost smooth. Median segment and pleure very finely punctured, the median segment with a concave depression rounded posteriorly, a narrow, smooth, triangular area on the posterior truncation, the margins of the area raised into carinee which converge before the apex of the truncation. Abdomen shining, minutely punctured ; the first segment concave-truncate at the base, densely clothed with long greyish-white pubescence on each side of the trun- cation ; the apical half of the second ventral segment very strongly transversely elevated, the basal and apical margins of the elevated portion raised and forming strong carine ; sixth segment with a small tubercle on each side near the apical angles ; seventh dorsal segment rugosely punctured, much longer than broad, subcarinate longitudinally in the middle, slightly depressed and almost truncate at the apex. Radial cell narrowly truncate at the apex, the appendiculate cell not clearly defined, second cubital cell small, with a short petiole, triangular, receiving the second recurrent nervure just before the apex; the first recurrent nervure received by the first cubital cell, separated from the second cubital cell by more than halt the length of that cell on the cubital nervure ; third transverse cubital nervare not oblique, slightly curved outwards, not nearly reaching the apex of the radial cell. Black ; mandibles (except at the apex), clypeus, a line on each side of the pronotum, tegulz, a spot on the mesopleura, a transverse band on each side on dorsal abdominal segments 1-6, narrowly interrupted in the middle on the second and third segments, more broadly on the others and enclosing a black spot on each side on segments 53-5, a band on the third ventral segment and a spot on each side of the second, and the femora, tibie, and tarsi beneath pale yellow. Wings hyaline, stained with pale fulvous at the base, nervures testa- ceous. Pubescence whitish, very close on the sides of the median segment and on the seventh ventral segment. 9, As in the male, but without the yellow spot on the mesopleure, without the elevated process on the second ventral segment; the sixth dorsal segment long, pointed at Descriptions and Records of Bees. 485 the apex, the sides raised and forming carine, within which are two caring converging towards the apex and enclosing an inner rugulose area, raised above the lateral margins. The first recurrent nervure is rather nearer to the second cubital cell than in the male. Hab. Karachi (E£. Comber), October; ¢ 2. Deesa (Nurse). The male is the type. In the almost complete absence of the appendix to the radial cell this species agrees with latifrons, Kohl. The second cubital cell is very narrowly triangular, so that the distance between the recurrent nervures is no greater than is usual in the genus, although in this species the first recurrent is received by the first cubital cell. The third cubital cell is almost rectangular. In the form of the apical segment in the male the species is isolated, differing from all others, the dorsal plate being much broader than in P. sawndersz, Morice, the only other species, so far as I know, in which there are no spines or bifureation. P,. saundersi may prove to be the male of dongalensis, Klug. LVII.—Descriptions and Records of Bees —XXXVI. By T. D. A. Cockrrzy, University of Colorado. Megachile rufovittata, Ckll. The United States National Museum contains one of each sex, collected by T. Fukai at Horisha, Formosa. I also find a male in the Sauter collection from the Berlin Museum, collected at Kanshirei, Formosa, June 8, 1908. The male is about 12 mm. long, narrow, with pubescence much as in the female, the abdomen with narrow entire red hair-bands, and some red hair in the basal depressions of the segments, the face with much red hair, the vertex and disc of thorax with a good deal of black hair. The mandibles are quadridentate, the teeth sharp, the second one smaller than the others ; antenne long and black ; anterior coxz with short spines, hidden amoug the hairs; anterior tibize and tarsi simple ; sixth abdominal segment retracted, its upper surface granular, elevated in the middle, and with only scattered erect dark hairs in the Kanshirei specimen, but in the other with some appressed pale yellow tomentum in the middle; margin of 486 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and sixth segment broadly rounded, strongly. notched in the Kanshirei specimen, slightly in the other, not at all dentate ; no subapical ventral teeth. The male of M. rufovittata has a rather close superficial resemblance to MM. rotundipennis, W. F. Kirby, from Christmas Island. Megachile igniscopata, sp. n. ? .—Length 13 mm. Closely resembling the Australian M. pictiventris, Smith, but with the mesothorax shining, and sparsely punctured in the middle ; the shovel-shaped abdomen has distinct metallic purple tints, narrow dull white hair-bands, evanescent in the middle, and ventral scopa bright orange fulvous, with a few slightly fuscous hairs at the apex of the last segment. In Bingham’s table of Indian species it runs to M. chlorigaster, Cam.,a much smaller species. Hair of head and thorax mainly white, dense and with a slight creamy tinge on front, tubercles, and sides of metathorax ; on vertex it is black, and on mesothorax, where it is very thin and inconspicuous, largely black, but on scutellum it is all pale; mandibles quadridentate, the third tooth extremely broad; clypeus normal, densely punctured, with a smcoth median band, which forms a T with a smooth band along the lower margin of the supraclypeal area; eyes dark reddish ; sides of vertex shining, with strong well-separated punctures ; antenne and tegule black; scutellum smooth and shining in front, other- wise well punctured. Wings hyaline, strongly and broadly darkened along apical margin ; abdomen with small, distinct, well-separated punctures ; legs black, with pale hair, that on inner side of tarsi ferruginous ; hind basitarsus broad and flat ; claws with a basal tooth. Hab. Takao, Formosa, October 11, 1907 (Sauter). Three females in Berlin Museum. Megachile spissula, sp. n. ? .—Length 104 mm. Black, including legs and fleas) narrow and parallel- sided, very closely resembling the American M. subezilis, CkIL ; pubescence rather dull white, forming very narrow entire bands on the hind margins of the abdominal segments ; ventral scopa white, with a slight creamy tint, on the last segment very short and pale reddish. Head oblong, elevated | posteriorly ; eyes dark brown; mandibles broad, rugose, quadridentate, the teeth short; sides of face with spreading a4 Records of Bees. 487 white hair ; clypeus very densely punctured, not keeled, its lower margin in the middle with a pair of small nodules, and projecting between them a tuft of pale orange hair; supra- clypeal region elevated, convex, very densely punctured, the punctures running into striz ; front very densely punctured ; vertex with extremely large separated punctures ; punctures on mesothorax and scutellum large and distinct (but not so large as those on vertex), those on mesothorax more or less running into striz; area of metathorax granular; hind part of mesothorax with a few hardly noticeable brown hairs ; tegulee piceous. Wings dusky ; anterior tibiz and tarsi with bright ferruginous hair on inner side; hind basitarsi broadened and flattened, with red hair on inner side; spurs light reddish. Abdomen finely but very distinctly punctured, segments 2 to 4 very strongly transversely sulcate, the punctures beyond the sulcus larger than those before. Hab. Formosa (Sauter). One female in Berlin Museum. In Bingham’s table of Indian species this runs to M. cephalotes, Smith, which has a quite differently shaped head. The second and third joints of the maxillary palpi are very bristly; the claws have no basal tooth; the last abdominal segment is higher than long, vertically descending until it bends to form the apical lip; these characters, with the narrow form and general structure and appearance, justify the inclusion of M. spissula in Robertson’s subgenus or genus Oligotropus, hitherto known only in the North American fauna. Megachile tranquilla, sp. n. 2? .—Length 8-9 mm. Black, with black and white hair, the abdomen with con- spicuous narrow entire white hair-bands; ventral scopa white, suffused in the middle with ferruginous, on last segment black; form rather compact ; general appearance exactly like the European M. rotundata ; it may be known from rotundata, and also from all the closely allied Formosan species, by the dense whité hair of the front having con- spicuous black hairs intermixed. Another very similar species is the Australian M. quinquelineata, Ckll., but this has the hair on inner side of hind tarsi purplish black, whereas in M. tranquilla it is clear ferruginous. Other close allies are M. seychellensis, Cam., from the Seychelles Islands, and M. palmarum, Perkins, from the Hawaiian Islands. Mandibles quadridentate ; hair of head white, black on vertex, and mixed with black on front ; clypeus very densely 488 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Descriptions and punctured, but shining, not keeled, the lower margin finely crenulate or nodulose ; supraclypeal area shining, sparsely punctured in middle; vertex, mesothorax, and scutellum closely and finely punctured ; hair of thorax white, abundant, but black on dise of mesothorax, and much long black hair on scutellum ; tegule dark brown. Wings slightly dusky. Legs with silvery hairs, those on inner side of tarsi orange- ferruginous ; spurs ferruginous; hind basitarsi broad and flat. Abdomen black between the bands, with short black hair. Hab. Formosa (Sauter). Two femalesin Berlin Museum. The type is from Taihanroku, June 11, 1908; the other from Takao, Oct. 1, 1907. Megachile rixator, sp. nu. ? .— Length about 12 mm. Black (including legs), but flagellum ferruginous beneath ; form rather narrow and _ parallel-sided; pubescence pale ochreous, white ventrally, the ventral scopa white at base, otherwise light fulvous, strongly fulvous apically ; general form and appearance (except for the yellowish pubescence) hke the American M. soledadensis, Ckll. Mandibles quadridentate ; clypeus densely punctured, but with a broad shining median low ridge, not amounting to a keel ; supraclypeal area with its lower part bare and shining, front covered with dense ochreous hair, with no black inter- mixed ; hair of vertex rather dark reddish ; vertex with fine punctures ; mesothorax and scutellum finely and very densely punctured ; thorax thickly clothed with ochreous hair, short and darker, but not fuscous, above, white beneath ; tegulz reddish with pallid margins. Wings slightly dusky. Legs with shining white and pale yellow hair, ferruginous on inner side of tarsi ; hind basitarsus broad and flat ; spurs very pale ; claws witha basal tooth. First abdominal segment with much ochreous hair, the others with conspicuous narrow entire ochreous hair-bands; apical segment obliquely desceuding, its lateral profile making an angle of perhaps 45 degrees. Hab. Takao, Formosa, Sept. 29, 1907 (Sauter). Two females in Berlin Museum. A series of 19 other females collected by Sauter in Formosa were at first separated on superficial appearances, seeming smaller and more compact (length 9 to 10 mm), with cordate abdomen. ‘These prove on examination to be M. rivator, varying in size, and with the abdomen retracted. They are all from Takao, collected in September and October. Records of Bees. 489 Megachile abluta, sp. n. ? .—Length 93-104 mm. Size, colour, and appearanee exactly as in M. rivator, but readily separable by the following characters: hair of last ventral segment black; hair of vertex fuscous; clypeus densely punctured, without any median smooth line ; flagel- lum not red beneath ; hair on inner side of tarsi very pale; ventral scopa usually paler, the basal half white ; otherwise the two are essentially the same. 6 .—Length 7-9 mm. Face densely covered with pale ochreous hair ; flagellum black ; anterior cox with short black spines; anterior tibiz and tarsi simple, the tarsi red at apex; sixth abdominal segment bilobed, the lobes rounded, the dorsal surface with a large kidney-shaped dense patch of pale hair; no subapical ventral teeth. This male looks just like the Australian M. sequior, CkIL., except that it lacks the thoracic hair-spots conspicuous in sequior. It is even more like the European M. apicalis, which is without the hair-spots, but M. abluta has a fairly evident pallid band in the scutello-mesothoracic suture, wanting in apicalis. In apicalis the margin of the sixth abdominal segment is denticulate, which is not at all the case in abluta. The kidney-shaped patch of hair is more extensive in apicalis, almost entirely covering the dorsal surface of the sixth segment. Hab. Formosa (Sauter). 381 females and 34 males in Berlin Museum. The type is a female from Takao, Aug. 23, 1907. All the females come from Takao, July to October. The males bear the following data: Takao, May 3, and July to October ; Taihanroku, Juneand July ; Koroton, Sept. 8; Kagi, Aug. 29. Megachile subusta, sp. n. 6 .—Length 11-12 mm. In nearly all respects exactly hke the male of M. rufo- vittata, but with the hair of the vertex and thoracic dorsum entirely ferrugmous, without any fuscous or black. On the dise of the mesothorax the punctures are close, yet the shining surface is clearly visible between them, whereas in rufovittata this is not the case. The abdomen is much less closely punctured than in rufovittata ; thus the dise of the fourth segment is closely punctured in rufovittata, sparsely 490 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and in subusta. The anterior and middle tarsi have long fringes of white hair behind. Hab, Formosa (Sauter). Five males in Berlin Museum. The type is from Koroton, first half of September, 1907, Two are from Koroton, Sept. 8; two from Kagi, Aug. 20. M. subusta and rufovittata are certainly distinct species, yet extremely closely allied. Megachile aspernata, sp. n. 6 .—Length about 10 mm. Black, with pale pubescence, which is white beneath and on legs, above ochreous-tinted; head broad, eyes pale greenish, moderately converging below; flagellum ferrugi- nous beneath ; front very densely and minutely granular- punctate, concave on each side; vertex finely irregularly punctured ; mesothorax and scutellum very densely granular- punctate, like front ; area of metathorax dull ; tegule rather light brown, with pallid margins. Wings hyaline; second r.n. ending nearly as far from end of second s.m. as first from its base. Legs black ; anterior coxee with strong spines ; anterior femora with inner surface pale ferruginous; their tibize a little reddish apically, and behind with a brush of white hair ; their tarsi with the first joint bearing a hollow, boat-shaped scale or lobe, which is pale ferruginous; the anterior and middle tarsi are fringed with white hair behind, the middle ones not only have a large thick fringe, but the outer surface is densely covered with hair ; the hind tarsi have a fringe of white hair in front. Abdomen rather short, finely and closely punctured, with coarse hair-bands ; sixth segment with the projecting edge broadly rounded, emargi- nate in middle, and coarsely toothed; dorsal surface of sixth segment almost wholly covered with a dense mat of creamy- white hair ; no subapical ventral teeth ; margins of third and fourth ventral segments each with a little semicircular patch of glistening appressed pale yellow hair, quite distinct from the other pubescence. Hab. Takao, Formosa, July 1, 1907 (Sauter). One male in Berlin Museum, the dorsal pubescence in poor condition. Very distinct from all other Formosa species by the character of the anterior legs; the dentate margin of the sixth abdominal segment recalls the much larger and other- wise quite different M. kagiana. I cannot find any species very closely related to W/. aspernata, Records of Bees. AQL Megachile dinura, Cll. A female from Foochow, China (H. R. Caldwell), in the U.S. National Museum, cannot be separated from the Formosan M. dinura. It is in poor condition, having apparently been in alcohol. Anthopora zonata (L.). The Sauter collection from Formosa contains a long series of A. zonata, or what has passed everywhere as the Linnean species. The females include eleven from Takao, August to December, and ten without precise locality. The abdominal bands vary from bright blue to pale green, but I cannot distinguish more than one species. So far as the females go, there is no apparent difficulty in assigning them to 4. zonala, and, according to current usage, the name var. subcerulea (Lep.) is applied to those with pale bands. An examination of the males reveals a curious state of affairs. The colour of the abdominal bands varies asin the females, but there are other good characters separating the specimens into three groups, as follows :— (1) A. zonata proper, in the sense of Lepeletier and Dours. Face-markings creamy white; clypeus with only a narrow black band on each side : hair of hind basi- tarsus entirely black ; fifth oneal segment black, with black hair, its apical margin broadly excavated or emarginate ; last ventral keeled. Thirty speci- mens; Takao, August to October; Taihanroku, June 11. (2) A. korotonensis, nov. Face-markings light primrose- yellow ; bands at sides of clypeus rather broad, but essentially as in zonata; outer side of hind basi- tarsus with much white hair ; fifth ventral segment very dark reddish, black-haired, with a tuft of white hair on each side (small white tufts also in zonata), the apical margin broadly excavated, but also depressed in middle. Koroton, Sept. 8, 1907. One specimen. (3) A. calceifera, nov. Face-markings coloured as in zonata, but black marks at sides of clypeus large, notched below, having the form of a boot (ina single specimen the marks are narrower and band- like) ; hind basitarsi with a good deal of white hair on outer side; fifth ventral segment coloured lke Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and the others, except that there is a subapical, round, suffused, black spot, the hind margin in middle straight, neither excavated nor depressed; last segment with a round shining depression, in which is a strong carina. Twenty-three specimens. Takao, March, April, August, October ; Koroton, Sept. 8, 1907. Two other forms come from the Asiatic mainland :— (4) A. caldwelli, nov. Face-markings pale yellow as in From korctonensis, but marks at sides of clypeus large and notched below, shaped entirely as in calceifera ; hind basitarsus with some white hair, especially at base ; fifth ventral segment black, except for the tuft of white hair on each side, its margin broadly shallowly excavated ; abdominal bands light blue. Foochow, China (H. R. Caldwell). U.S. National Museum. I have erroneously determined this as A. zonata. . subcarulea, Lepeletier. Face-markings very pale yellow ; clypeus with very large quadrate black patches as in the female; hind basitarsus without white hair; fifth ventral segment with hind margin straight. Kalutara, Ceylon, March 1910, 2 9,12 (E. Comber); Nasik, India, Sept. 1908 (H. Comber). British Museum. :; I suppose that this is Lepeletier’s subcerulea, as he describes the sexes as having the face- markings alike. The female agrees well with the description, except that the antenne are red beneath from the end of the third segment, and the fifth abdominal segment has black hair in the middle and white at the sides (instead of the two intermixed). The abdominal bands are pale blue, as in caldwelli. the standpoint of genetics the above insects are extremely interesting. The differences may be regarded as plus and minus variations, corresponding probably to Mendelian allelomorphic pairs, as follows :— (1) Face-markings yellow (+) or white (—). (2) Marks at sides of clypeus like female (+), or boot- like (first reduction stage) or narrow bands (second reduction stage). (3) Hind basitarsus with hair all black (+) or partly white (—). (4) Fifth ventral segment entire (+) or emarginate (—). Records of Bees. 493 According to this scheme the several forms may be tabulated thus :— Face-markings. Marksat side Hind basi- Fifth ventral (Colour. ) of clypeus, tarsus. segment, AN ZONA ven. _ — (2) + - A, korotonensis ... + — (2) - = A, calceifera .... — — (1) ~ + Ancaldwells “i650 — (1) — — A, subcerulea,... + + + According to this plan, A. subcerulea seems to be the stem-form, while the others represent various degrees of reduction. A. korotonensis would seem to have been derived from the Chinese caldwelli ; while zonata and calceifera may represent independent derivatives from subcerulea. It is possible, however, that the forms inhabiting the same region (as zonata and calceifera in Formosa) may freely cross, with Mendelian results, in which case calecifera cannot be con- sidered a valid species. Against this last supposition is the fact that the several characters seem to go together, with the single exception in regard to the clypeal marks mentioned under calceifera. Still another form from North-west India may be described as follows :— Anthophora comberi, sp. n. Hair of head and thorax above pale reddish mixed with black, as in zonata ; abdominal bands very brilliant shining turquoise-blue ; face-markings light yellow ; size of zonata. 3 .—Lateral markings of clypeus reduced to small pyri- form sutural spots (a third reduction stage) ; hind basitarsus with a few white hairs at extreme base ; fifth ventral segment elevated in middle and broadly emarginate (Nasik, =type). ? .—Clypeal marks large and elongate-quadrate, shaped as in subcerulea, and with the median yellow band broad ; spots at basal corners of labrum small ; hind basitarsi with the hair all black; light hair of legs white, with a brown stain apically on middle tibiz. Hab River, Karachi, Sept. 1909: Hab. Nasik and Hab River (H#. Comber). British Museum.. In the above scheme this will stand as +, — (3), +?, —. This is a considerably larger insect than A, subcerulea. A494 Dr. L. Cognetti de Martiis on the LVIII.—A Contribution to our Knowledge of the Oligocheta of Travancore. By Dr. Luigi Coanerti DE Martiis, Torino, R. Museo Zoologico. [Plate XIII. ] THE present paper is the result of the examination of a collection belonging to the British Museum and entrusted to me by Prof. F. J. Bell, who received them from the Tri- vandrum Museum *. The first work in which Oligochetes from Travancore are mentioned is a paper by Miss 8. M. Fedarb published in 1897 (4). Prof. Dr. W. Michaelsen has recently discussed the drilofauna of the entire Indian Empire and adjacent regions in two valuable works (12, 13). From these works it results that nineteen species of earthworms have already been collected in the State of Travancore. The collection examined by me contains only one of the species which are contained in Michaelsen’s lists, viz. Glypht- drilus annandalet, Mich. It contains besides four new species and a “ peregrine” species, Lampito mauriti’?, Kinb., which has already been collected in other localities of S. India. At present our knowledge of the drilofauna of Travancore extends to twenty-four species, as follows :— Fam. MonILIGASTRID&. Subfam. OctocH TINA. Drawida barwelli (Bedd.). Octochetus aitkeni (Fedb.). ghatensis, Mich. pittnyi, Mich. pellucidus (Bourne), var. pallida, Mich. travancorensis, Mich. i i j fakir, sp. n. Dicrogaster affinis (Mich.). Moniligaster deshayesi, E. Perr. bolani (Mich.). -—— travancorensis (Fedb.). Subfam. TRIGASTRIN ®. Fam. MEGASCOLECID2. Subfam. MrGascoLECIN”. Subfam. OcNERODRILINZ. Gordiodrilus travancorensis, Mich. Plutellus timidus, sp. n. : fj F 5 Tee rane teed Hatt Ocnerodrilus occidentalis, Eisen. Megascolides tenmalai, Meh, Lampito mauritii, Avb. Megascolex insignis, Mich. Fam. GLossoscOLECID&. konkanensis, Mich. — travancorensis, f. typica, Subfam. GLOSSOSCOLECINZ. Mich. Pontoscolex corethrurus (F. Midi.) var. ghatensis, Mich. var. quilonensis, Mech. Subfam. MicrocHarTiInm. —— ratus, sp. n. Glyphidrilus annandalei, Mich. eunephrus, sp. 0. _ Pheretima travancorensis (Fedb.). 2 So a ES ee * [ have to express my sincere thanks to Prof. F. J. Bell for this new proof of consideration in sending me this very interesting collection. Oligocheeta of Travancore. 495 This paper was already in type when I received, by the kindness of Prof. Dr. W. Michaelsen, his monograph “ Die Oligochitenfauna der vorderindisch-ceylonischen Region” (13), issued in September, 1910. In the following pages is found a description of Glyphidrilus annandalet, Mich., which I wrote before receiving this monograph. My description agrees with that of Michaelsen ; the two descriptions supplement each other. Fam. Moniligastride. Drawida fakir, sp.n. (Pl. XIII. figs, 1-3.) A single immature specimen. External characters.—Length 85 mm., greatest thickness 3 mm.; number of segments 98. Colour uniformly lilac-grey. Head prolobous; body cylindrical, slightly reduced in diameter at the tail. Sete strictly paired: aa=bc; dd a little larger than half the circumference of the body. Dorsal pores not seen. Clitellum not developed. Nephri- dial pores from the third segment, on the antericr margin, in the lines of the superior dorsal setze (d). At the intersegmental furrow x.—xi., a little laterally to the lines of ventral bundles of sete, is present a pair of small conical tubercles, contained in two small and not very deep pouches; these tubercles are in relation with the male pores, but L have not been able to determine whether the pores are at the summit or at the base of the tubercles (Pl. XIII. fig. 1). The tubercles correspond in shape with those drawn by Michaelsen (12, pl. xii. fig. 2) for Drawida sulcata, Mich. Female pores at anterior margin of the xil. segment, in the lines of the superior ventral setze (0). Spermathecal pores at intersegmental furrow vii.—vili., a little laterally to the lines of ventral bundles of sete. Internal anatomy.—Septa vi.-vil.—vili.-ix. somewhat thickened. Four strong gizzards are distributed in segments xiii., xiv., Xv., and xvi. The paired hearts are found in segments vi.-ix. At x. segment, close behind the anterior septum, a pair of trunks originate from the dorsal vessel. ‘These two trunks are directed backwards in the ventral region, to unite with the subneural blood-vessel close to the anterior surface of septum X1.—Xil. 496 Dr. L. Cognetti de Martiis on the A large pair of testicular vesicles runs through septum ix.-x. laterally to the gut. The anteseptal part of each vesicle (a little more developed at the left side) is divided into two globular portions by a constriction. The postseptal part is more developed than the anteseptal, from which it is separated by a deep constriction. The postseptal part is irregularly pear-shaped, diminishing in diameter at the poste- rior end, and it is entirely contained in the x. segment (Pl. XIII. fig. 2). On the left side the postseptal part is longer than on the right, and at the end is rather S-shaped. A sperm-duct-funnel is found in the postseptal portion of each vesicle, united to its ventral wall just behind septum ix._x. The sperm-ducts are short and a little undulated ; they enter into the proximal part of the prostates. The prostates are white and tubular ; they are closely coiled on each side. They are of equal thickness throughout their length, and their distal extremity is provided with a short, thinner, muscular tract. A pair of enormously developed ovaries lies in the x1. segment, suspended to the anterior septum along a line that almost entirely encloses the gut. The ovaries are enclosed in a very thin-walled pericesophageal capsule that extends from septum x.-xi. to septum xi-xi. At the posterior wall of the ovarial capsule (viz. septum xi.—xil.) are placed, on each side, the orifice of an egg-sac and the funnel of the oviduct. The first is surrounded by a circle and placed dorsally to the gut. The little oviducal funnels are ventral and con- nected with the short and straight oviducts. The egg-sacs are cylindrical and prolonged backwards, but contained in the xii. segment, in which they are only once. folded. The cavity of the egg-sacs is partially obliterated by a rich network of blood-vessels, but eggs are wanting. Spermathecee in vill. segment near to septum vil.—viil. Each spermatheca consists of a white, thin-walled, spherical ampulla and a thin, long, bent duct * which traverses the body-wall to open directly to the exterior, Muscular atrial chambers are wanting. ‘The two ampullee he dorsally to the cesophagus, and the pole of each ampulla, which is opposite to the origin of the canal, is fastened to the middle line of the posterior surface of septum vii.-vill. by a very short and straight ligament (Pl. XILI. fig. 3). Hab. Arumanallur, 45 km. H.S.E. from Trevandrum (Jr. FR. Shungara Narayana, 23. vi. 1910). This new species of Drawida is easily dlstinguished from * See Michaelsen, (12) p, 189, Oligocheta of Travancore. 497 the other species of the same genus by the position of the male and spermathecal pores, number and position of the gizzards, and shape of prostates. Fam. Megascolecida. Subfam. Mereascorecryz. Plutellus timidus, sp. n. (Pl. XIII. fig. 4.) Five mature specimens are in the collection. External characters.—Length 80-48 mm., thickness about 1 mm.; segments nearly constant in number, viz. 116-119. Colour violaceous grey, at the clitellum brown violaceous. Head epilobous, prostomium small. ‘lhe body is a little compressed behind the clitellum, except the tail. Sete paired all along. ‘The dorsal bundles are beyond the lateral lines. About at the x. segment aa=3 ab, ab=} be, be=cd, cd somewhat smaller than dd, dd a little larger than 4 of the whole circumference. The middle lateral distances increase in amplitude behind the clitellum, whilst the middle dorsal distance is gradually reduced. At the middle region of the body aa=3 ab, ab=} be, cd=2 be, dd=cd. At the tail aa=ab=3 be, dd=cd=}¢ be. First dorsal pore at the intersegmental furrow xi.-xii. (? x.—xi.). Nephridial pores, at least before the clitellum, nearly in the lines of the sete 6. Clitellum developed all round the body, and occupying segments xiv.-xvil. The interseg- mental furrows xiv.—xv., Xv.-xXvi., and xvi.-xvil. are neaily obliterated. Male pores on small papille on the xviii. segment, about equally distant from the two bundles of sete. A second pair of papilla on the xix. segment, close laterally to the ventral sete 6. ‘These papilla are prolonged forwards and obliquely, and they are connected on each side with the anterior papilla (PR OCh. fig. ). Female pores on the xiv. segment, a little forwards and internally to the first ventral sete (a). ‘These pores are situated in a small transverse-oval area, which is rather more distinct than the clitellum (Pl. XIII. fig. 4). A pair of spermathecal pores on the vill. segment, in the zone of the sete, between the lines of sete 6 and ce. Internal anatomy.—First septum v.—vi. very thin; septa vii.-vili.—xil.—-xill, thickened. A not very strong gizzard in the v. segment. Intestine without typhlosole. Nephridial system meganephiric. Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. vi, 33 498 Dr. L. Cognetti de Martiis on the Testes and sperm-duct-funnels free in the x. and xi. seg- ments. A pair of little grape-like sperm-sacs depends from septum xi.-xil. into the x11. segment. A pair of tubular prostates lies in the xviii. segment, but a short proximal part of these organs stretches out into the xix. segment through septum xviii.-xix. The delicate axial tube of each prostate is not ramified, The sperm-ducts enter the proximal part of the muscular ducts of the prostates, which is a little coiled. There are no penial sete. A pair of ovaries and oviduct-funnels in the xiii. segment ; a pair of small egg-sacs in xiv. A pair of spermathece in the viii. segment. These organs consist only of a long pear-shaped ampulla. There are no diverticula. Hab. Muvattupuzha, 170 km. N.N.E. from Trevandrum (Mr. Shungara Narayana, 28. iv. 1910). This interesting new species is distinguished from others of the same genus by the possession of a single pair of spermathecee. ‘This character requires some slight modifi- eation of the definition of the genus Plutellus as given by Michaelsen *. Spermathecal pores on the viii. segment, in the zone of sete, were already found by Michaelsen in his Plutel/us indicus f. typica t, but that species possesses a second pair of spermathecal pores in intersegmental furrow Vill.-ix. Lampito mauritit, Kinb. Megascolex mauritii, Michaelsen, (7) p. 227. Lampito mauritiz, Michaelsen, (11) p. 160; (12) pp. 108, 178, 179. Some mature and several young specimens were collected, Hab. Murukunpuzha, 15 km. N.W. from Trevandrum (Mr. Shungara Narayana, 5. v. 1910) ; Vazhote, 25 km. E.N.E. from Trevandrum (ditto, 27. vi. 1910) ; Shertalay, 150 km. N.N.W. from Trevandrum (ditto, 10. iv. 1910). Megascolex eunephrus, sp.n. (Pl. XIII. figs. 5-7.) A mature but incomplete specimen. External characters.—Length 85 mm. (the tail is wanting), greatest thickness (before the clitellum) 3 mm. ; number of segments 195. Colour uniformly lilac-grey. Head proepilobous. The segments are not biannulated. * See (7) p. 163, and (10) p. 159. t+ See (11) p. 148, and (12) pp. 154, 155. Oligocheta of Travancore. 499 Number of setze nearly constant in each segment, about 24, both at the anterior and at the middle and posterior regions. The circles of sete are regularly but not broadly interrupted ventrally (aa=2ab); dorsally the sete are a little more distant. Clitellum developed all round the body and occupying segments XlV.—XVll. First dorsal pore on intersegmental furrow viii.-ix. On intersegmental furrows (?ii.—iii.) i11.-iv.—vili.-ix. is found a pair of little nephridial pores, in the lines of sete e. In the middle ventral region of the xviii. segment there are a few large, but well-marked triangular papille, which enclose a little triangular area (PI. XIII. fig.5). One of the angles of the papilla is directed forwards and extended on the posterior margin of the xvii. segment. Other angles are lateral, and near them are found the male pores, in the lines of setee b. Spermathecal pores two pairs, on intersegmental furrows Vil.—vill. and viil.-ix., in the lines of setee 0. Internal anatomy. — Septa vi.—vii.—ix.—x. moderately thickened. A gizzard in the v. segment. The cesophagus is irregu- larly swollen in segments xv.—-xx., but is not provided with calciferous glands. ‘he wide intestine suddenly begins in the xxi. segment. Last hearts in the xiii. segment. On segments ili.-ix. is found respectively a pair of large nephridia. These organs consist of a proximal portion, from which originates a thin-walled ribbon-like duct, which in- creases in length from the first to the seventh pair of nephridia and passes through the body-wall at the extreme anterior margin of each segment. ‘The proximal portion of these meganephridia is conspicuous, and consists of a tuft of very thin whitish filaments, each of which contains a long strip of nephridial tubule. From the x. segment the nephridia are diffused and very small, but on the xiv. and xv. segments, on each side of the cesophagus, is found a pair of meganephridia (besides the small micronephridia) which are similar to those of segments ili.—ix. Testes and sperm-duct-funnels free in the x. and xi. seg- ments. ‘Two pairs of grape-like sperm-sacs lie in segments xi. and xi1., depending from the anterior septum. The glandular part of the prostates is much lobed and extended into segments xvil.-xx. The muscular duct of each prostate lies in the xviil. segment, in which it describes a curve towards the middle ventral line, from the anterior IO JO 500 Dr. L. Cognetti de Martiis on the septum to the male pore, which is placed just behind the circle of setee (Pl. XIII. fig. 6). Penial setee are wanting. There are two pairs of spermathece in segments viii. and ix. The main pouch is club-shaped; the diverticulum is finger-shaped and opens into the distal part of the duct of the main pouch. ‘The length of the diverticulum is nearly equal to a third of the main pouch (PI. XIII. fig. 7). Hab, Coorloon (Mr. Shungara Narayana, 23. vi. 1910). An important character of this new species of Megascolex is the presence of large paired meganephridia in the anterior segments. Similar nephridia have been found by Prof. Benham in Megascolex laingi?, Benh.*, but perhaps in the cephalic region only, where they “ probably ” perform the office of peptonephridia. ; Megascolex ratus, sp.n. (Pl. XIII. figs. 8-10.) Four mature specimens in the collection, but only three of these are complete. External characters —Length: A 230, B 260, C315 mm. ; greatest thickness, on x. segment: A 7, B 9, C 10 mm. Number of segments: A 162, B 168, C 218. Colour dorsally violet-brown or dark violet, ventrally grey ; grey lines are present corresponding to the circles of sete. Head tanylobous. ‘The prostomium is short, broad, and provided dorsally with longitudinal furrows, prolonged on to the first segment; this segment is provided with several longitudinal furrows, which do not reach the posterior margin. Segments x.—xiil. are biannulated. Sete more crowded in the ventral than in the dorsal region, particularly towards the clitellum, where the circles of sete are interrupted in the middle ventral line (aa=2 ab, ab=be=cd....), but the interstice is wanting at the dorsal region (cz=yz=ay....). Somewhat behind the clitellum the circles of sete are provided with two middle interstices (aa=3 or 4 ab, zze=3 or 4 yz). There is no great difference in the dimensions of the sete of acircle. At the x.segment there are about 180 sete, and in the middle region of the body about 135 sete on each segment. Clitellum saddle-shaped, occupying segments xiv.—xvlil., unprovided with intersegmental iurrows. On the xiv. and xv. segments it is a little more extended than on the following segments (PI. XIII. fig. 8). * See (1) pp. 273, 274. “The worm is micronephridic, anteriorly is a large glandular body, which is probably a peptonephridium.” As regards the term “ peptonephridium,” consult my note of 1905 (2). Oligocheta of Travancore. 50L On the clitellum the sete are wanting. Male pores on the xviii, segment corresponding to the lines of sete A ; between the male pores the sete are wanting. Each male pore is placed on a whitish tubercle, which is supported by a swollen papilla (Pl. XIII. fig. 8). There are other paired papillee on intersegmental furrows XV1I.—-XVll., XIX.-XX., XX.-XXi., and xx1.—xxil., crowded in the middle ventral line. The last or the last two pairs of papille may be wanting ; the pair of intersegmental furrows Xvi.—xvil. is more developed and swollen than other pairs (Pl. XIII. fig. 8). Female pores in the anterior part of the xiv. segment, about in the lines of the sete a, ina transversely extended little area, placed towards the circle of the setze. Spermathecal pores two pairs, hidden in intersegmental furrows vil.—viil. and viii.—ix. in the lines of the sete f. Internal anatomy.—Septa vil.—vill. — xil.—xiil. much thickened. A strong gizzard in the vi. segment. The sacculated intestine begins in the xiv. segment. Last hearts in the xiii. segment. Micronephridia very small. T'wo pairs of testes and sperm-duct-funnels lie ventrally in the x. and xi. segments. The testes and funnels of a single segment are included in a pair of large and a few lobated cap- sules, which join dorsally to the cesophagus. These capsules are compressed between the strong funnel-like septa ix.—x., X.-x1., and xi.—xii., to which they are united only in the ventral region of the body ; in other regions they are free. It is to be noted that the capsules round the cesophagus are traversed by little muscular bundles, which go from one septum to another, and sometimes are prolonged to the body-wall. A pair of white, finger-shaped sperm-sacs depends from septum ix.—x. into the ix. segment ; a second pair of similar sacs depends from septum xi.—xii. into the xii, segment. _ The sperm-sacs are somewhat smaller than the testicular capsules. The prostates consist of a strong, cylindrical, muscular duct; that from the male pore goes laterally, and then back- wards into the xix. segment, to unite with the glandular portion. This portion is well developed and provided with grooves which form lobes at the margins. ‘The glandular ortion extends from the xix. to the xxii. segment inclusive (Pl. XIEL. figs 9). There are two pairs of spermathece in the vill. and ix, segments. he main pouch consists of a sac-shaped trans- 502 Dr. L. Cognetti de Martiis on the versely striped ampulla, which is somewhat broader distally than at the rounded proximal end, and of an abruptly separated duct, about a third as long and as broad as the ampulla. Into the proximal end of this duct opens a small diverticulum, which contains some (4-5) oval seminal chambers. ‘The diverticulum is enclosed in the duct-wall, but projects above its surface (Pl. XIII. fig. 10). Hab. Coorloon (Mr. Shungara Narayana, 23. vi. 1910). The diverticulum of the spermathecze enclosed in the duct- wall is an important feature of this new species, which also appears in Megascolex coeruleus, R. Templ.*, and MM. hender- soni, Mich. t, but MM. ratus is distinguished from these two species by well-defined characters, viz., papilla, number and shape of the sperm-sacs, &c. Fam. Glossoscolecide. Subfam. Mrcrocrzriv 2. Glyphidrilus annandalet, Mich. (Pl. XIII. figs. 11 & 12.) Glyphidrilus annandalet, Michaelsen, (13) p. 101. Nine mature or nearly mature specimens, six of them com- plete and three incomplete young specimens. External characters.—The longest, but not fully mature, specimen measures 165 mm. in length, and 2°5-3 mm. in greatest (at the x. segment and clitellum{) or 1 mm. in smallest thickness (at the posterior end), This specimen is composed of 205 segments, but the tail is wanting. Other mature or nearly mature specimens: length 90-128 mm., greatest thickness 3°5-4 mm., smallest thickness 1-1°5 mm. ; number of segments 125 (for a length of 90 mm.) to 322 (for a length of 128 mm.). The shape of the body is very similar to that of Criodrilus and Alma. ‘The anterior region is conical and provided at the end with a broad and short prostomium. In some specimens there is a small transverse furrow on the dorsal surface of the prostomium, which determines the head prolobous. Segments i.—iiil, are short, iv.—xil. are the longest of all, and appear more or less distinctly triannulated. In the mature specimens the body is somewhat depressed between the xxv. and xxxv. segments, and this depression extends often to all the clitellar region. * See Michaelsen, (7) p. 282, ubi liter. + See Michaelsen, (11) p. 162, and (12) p. 184, pl. xiii. fig. 28. { The fin-like lateral plates are not included, Oliyocheta of Travancore. 503 The posterior third of the body is coiled and distinctly tetragonous ; the transverse section of the tail is trapezoid, the largest side corresponding to the dorsal surface of the body, and the four angles to the bundles of the sete. The tail is smaller than the cephalic region. ‘he anal pore appears as a short longitudinal cleft in the middle dorsal line of the last three segments. Colour violet-grey, clearer and with a tendency torose-colour at the clitellum, especially on segments... . XVII—XXXIIIl,.... The body-wall is very thin, especially at the tail, and internal organs can be seen through them: for example, the spermathece on intersegmental furrows Xili.—xXiv. to XVi- XV. In mature specimens, The sete are paired, but not strictly. On x. segment aa nearly =2 ab, ab=4 be, cd=ab, dd a little larger than 2 cd or than aa. On the posterior half of the body the sete are more strictly paired: aa nearly=3 ab, aa=be, ab=cd, dd nearly =4 cd. All mature specimens are provided with unpaired middle ventral papilla on segments (xii.) xill. to the xvill..... Xxlll. (xxv.). In one specimen there are also small median papille on segments xxxill.-xxxv. Paired lateral papille are found close laterally to the sete b of segments xXviil.-xxvi. and xxxiv.-xxxv. Some speci- mens are also provided with scattered paired papille on segments Xvi., XVil., and xxvii.—xxxlll., or on some of these (Pl. XIII. fig. 11). All the papille are slightly swollen, more so near the posterior than the anterior margin of their respective seg- ments. Hach papilla has the appearance of a little grey round stain, which is provided in its centre with a small whitish circle (Pl. XIII. fig. 12). The clitellum is developed all round the body, and occupies at most twenty-five segments. Indeed, in a specimen from Achencoil River banks it extends from the xv. to the xxxix. segment, and is more or less evident from its rose-grey colour, and for the slight tumefaction, which is in relation to a greater quantity of glandular cells in the epidermis. In other specimens the posterior margin of the clitellum is between the xxxv. and xl. segments, while its anterior margin seems to be constantly on intersegmental furrow xvii.—xviil. All the intersegmental furrows of the clitellum are recog- nizable, but not very distinctly those included between the xxv. and xxxiv. segments (Pl. XIII. fig. 11). The clitellar region may be depressed, at least partially, and its lateral margins, often rather sharp, are provided with 504 Dr. L. Cognetti de Martiis on the two small longitudinal stripes, which are interrupted at the intersegmental furrows. The stripes extend on segments XVill. to xxvi. (4 xxvil.) and on segments (4 xxxil., xxxili.) 1/n xxxili. and xxxiv. They are placed laterally to the lines of sete 6; between these lines and stripes are found the paired lateral papille. Close ventrally to the stripes, for their whole length, are two thin grey bands, which are inter- rupted, as are the stripes, on the space between segments EXVi., and Xxxill. or xxxiv. (Pl. XU e132). In this space the body-depression is greatest, and the lateral margins are quite sharp and expanded to form two fin-like plates, a little undulated, which extend to segments xxvii.— Xxxll. or 4 xxxiil. (or xxxiil.), being in the lines of the stripes described above (PI. XIII. tig. 11). Hach plate is about 1 mm. wide, their margins are parallel, and their ends diminish rapidly in breadth. The two stripes, with the adjacent grey bands, are similar to the tubercula pubertatis of some Lumbricide—for example, of Octolasium complanatum (Ant. Dug.) *,—and the fin-like plates correspond to the organs which in other species of Glyphidrilus have been named by Rosa fF “ tubercula puber- tatis,” by Horst} ‘clitellar ridges,” and by Michaelsen § “ Pubertitstuberkel - Walle,” ‘ clitelliale Langswiilste,” “ Pubertatssiume.”’ It seems to me that these fin-like plates may be regarded as corresponding to those curious appendages which have been described in the Criodriline genera Alma and Criodrilus under the name of ‘penes.”’ ‘They are provided, among other things, with a rich vascularization || like the last- named organs. ‘The whole shape is altogether different. The nephridial pores are in the lines of sete d. I found the male pores only in two specimens. They appear as two point-like d pressions on intersegmental furrow XX1X.-XXx, in the lines of setee 0D. The female pores are not visible. The small spermathecal pores are distributed in various numbers—to six pairs—on intersegmental furrows xiil.—xiv. to xvi-xvil. On each side they are contained between the * See the figure of the clitellar region of this species given by Rosa, (14) pl. i. fig. 4. + See Rosa, (15) p. 387, pl. xii. fig. 1. t See Horst, (5) pp. 388, 76, and pl. i. fig. 18. § See Michaelsen, (6) pp. 196, 197, 242, and pl. xiii. fig. 1 ew.; (7) pp. 459-461 ; (8) p. 86; (13) p. 102. || See Horst, (5) p. 39. The structure and development of the “ penes” of the Criodriline are the subject of a recent paper by me (3). Oligocheta of Travancore. 505 first and last lines of sete, rarely more ventrally, and they are, nearly always, quite in the lines of the sete. Internal anatomy.—The septa 6-7 to 11-12 are slightly thickened. A moderately developed oblong gizzard occupies the entire length of the vill. segment and a little part of the vii. The intestine begins in the xiv. segment. There are three pairs of hearts in segments ix., x., and xi. . Two pairs of testes and sperm-duct-funnels lie free in segments x. and xi. The sperm-sacs are paired and placed In segments ix., x., xi., and xii. Those of the first three pairs are nearly equal in size, but those of the last pair are somewhat larger, and push backwards the two thin septa X11,—X1ll, and xill.-xiv, No prostates are recognizable with the dissection lens. The ovaries depend in the xiii. segment from the ventral margin of septum xil.-xill. The spermathecze are quite intersegmental in position, and they appear as white littie spherical bodies, which are visible through the thin body-wall. They are not provided with a distinct duct. ‘Their number may reaeh to six pairs on each of the intersegmental furrows Xill.-xiv., Xiv.-xv., XV.-XVi., and xvi.—xvil. Hab. Achencoil River banks (Mr. Shungara Narayana, 3, v. 1910), Arumanallur, 45 km. E.S.K. from Trevandrum (cdem, 23. vi. 1910), ? Azhagiapandipuram, 55 km. H.S.E. from ‘Trevandrum (young specimens, idem, 20. vii. 1910). A specimen from the second locality shows its external and internal organs transferred three segments forwards. Its male pores are on intersegmental furrow XXvi.—xxXvil., a little laterally to the lines of sete 6. The anterior end is regularly shaped and shows no signs of regeneration, Memoirs cited. (1) Brennam, W. B.—1902. On a new Species of Earthworm from Norfolk Island. Trans. & Proc. N.Z. Inst. xxxv. (2) Cocnetr1 DE Maris, L.—1905. Sui peptonefridi degli Oligo- cheti. Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Torino, xx. (3) Coenetti1 DE Marrits, L.—1908. I cosidetti “ peni” dei Crio- drilini. Atti R. Acc, d. Scienze di Torino, xliii. (4) Fepars, 8S. M.—1897. On some Earthworms from India, J. Bombay N. H. Soe. xi. (5) Horst, R.—1892, _ Karthworms from the Malay Archipelago. M. Weber's Zool. Ergebn, einer Reise in Niederl. Ost-Indien, ii. (6) MicHArLsEN, W.—1897. Oligochaeten. Abh. Senckenb. Nat. Ges. Frankfurt-a.-M. xxiii. (7) MicnaELsen, W.—-1900, Ohgocheta. Das Tierreich, Lief. x. 506 On the Oligocheta of Travancore. (8) MrcHaRLsen, W.—1902. Neue Oligochaeten und neue Fundorte alt-bekannter. Mitt. Mus. Hamburg, xix. (9) Mrcnartsen, W.—1903. Die geographische Verbreitung der Oligochaeten. Berlin: Friedlaender. (10) MicuaELsEn, W.—1907. Oligocheta. Die Fauna Stdwest- Australiens, Bd. i. Lief. 2. (11) MicHartsen, W.—1907. Neue Oligochiten von Vorder-Indien, Ceylon, Birma und den Andaman-Inseln. Mitt. Mus. Hamburg, xxiv. (12) MrcHantsen, W.—1909. The Oligocheeta of India, Nepal, Ceylon, Burma, and the Andaman Islands. Mem. Indian Mus. i. no. 3. (13) Micnarisen, W.—1910. Die Oligochitenfauna der vorderindisch- ceylonisches Region. Abh. natw. Ver. Hamburg, xix. Bd. 5. Heft. (14) Rosa, D.—1884. I Lumbricidi del Piemonte. Torino, U.T.E. (15) Rosa, D.—1889-90. Viaggio di L. Fea in Birmania e regioni vicine: XXV. Moniligastridi, Geoscolicidi ed Eudrilidi. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, (2) ix. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XIII. List of the Abbreviations. el.=clitellum, n.c.=neural chord, @.=cesophagus, p.=fin-like plate, s.=septum. Drawida fakir, sp. n. Fig. 1. Ventral view of x. and xi. segments, with the male tubercles at the intersegmental furrow. xX 6. Fig. 2. Testicular vesicle of the right side, seen laterally. x 6. Fig. 8. Hinder surface of septum viiviii., with a transverse section of the esophagus and the two spherical spermathecz, provided with coiled duct. x 6. Plutellus timidus, sp. n. Fig. 4. Ventral view of the clitellum and adjacent region (semidiagram- matic). x 6. Megascolex eunephrus, sp. 0. Fig. 5. Ventral view of the xviii. and adjacent segments (semidiagram- matic). xX 6. Fig. 6. The right prostate. X 6. Fig. 7. A spermatheca. X 6. Megascolex ratus, sp. n. Fig. 8. Ventral view of the clitellar and adjacent regions (semidiagram- matic). xX 6. Fig. 9. The right prostate. x 25 Fig. 10. A spermatheca. x 6. Glyphidrilus achencoili, sp. 0. Fig. 11, Ventral view of the anterior and clitellar regions (diagram- matic). The greatest number of papillie are figured. x 2. Fig. 12. Ventral view of three segments of the clitellar region before the fin-like plates. x 6. On a new Species of Polytoreutus. 507 LIX.— Description of a new Species of the Genus Polytoreutus. By Dr. Luter Cognerri De Martits, R. Museo Zoologico, Torino. Pror. F. J. BEL, of the British Museum, has recently sent me an Hast-African earthworm which I have been able to recognize as the type of a new species. I wish to express my thanks to him for his kindness in sending me many earth- worms which from time to time have come into his hands for identification. Polytoreutus baralypton *. External characters.—Length 225 mm., thickness 4-5 mm. ; number of segments 310. Colour white yellowish. Ventral setze much wider apart than the external sete. At the x. segment aa=2} ab, ab=}be, ad equal to half of the whole circumference. At the middle region of the body aa=2 ab=be, ad always = } circumference. Nephridial pores in the lines of the lateral bundles of sete. Clitellum developed all round the body and occupying segments xill, to xvill. A single male pore on intersegmental furrow xvii.—xviii., in the middle ventral line ; a small depressed oval area surrounds this pore. Female pores are not recognizable. They lie in the inter- segmental furrow xiv.-xv., and are, ventrally, near to the lines of nephridial pores. A single spermathecal pore behind the male pore upon intersegmental furrow xvill.—xix. It is surrounded by a whitish ring. Internal anatomy.—Septa v.—vi. to xi.—xii. a little thick- ened. A strong gizzard lies in the v. segment. Unpaired cesophageal glands or ventral pouches (“ Chylus- taschen’’) in segments ix., x., and xi.; a pair of calci- ferous glands in the xiii. segment, developed around the cesophagus, but interrupted in the dorsal and ventral middle lines. Dorsal vessel single ; large hearts in the x. and xi. segments. A pair of testes (? free) depends in the xi. segment from * Philosophical term. 508 Dr. L. Coguetti de Martiis on a septum x.-xi, Opposite to them are found the spindle- shaped dilated chambers (‘Samenmagazine’’) at the be- ginning of the sperm-ducts, A pair of sperm-sacs depends from the posterior surface of septum X1.-xil. These organs extend slightly into the xii. segment, where their surface appears a little furrowed ; the expanded portion is provided posteriorly with a tubular appendix. Lhe tubular appendix of the sperm-sac of the left side is Fig. A.-— Female generative organs and prostates of Polytoreutus baralypton, sp.n. X 4. Fig. B.—The central female generative organs of the left side, more magnified. xX 6. app.=globular appendix ; div.=diverticulum of the spermatheca ; e.c,= ege-capsule ; e.s.=ege-sac; W.=ligament ; 0.d.=oviduct ; pr.= prostate; s.d.=sperm-duct; s.p.=spermathecal pore; 92 =female pore. short and closed in the xii. segment, but that of the right side is longer and reaches the xvill, segment, being ribbon- like and a little dilated at the extremity. ‘his inequality in the length of the sperm-sacs has also been found by Beddard * * See Proc. Zool. Soc. 1907, pp. 417 et seq. new Species of Polytoreutus. 509 in Polytoreutus ruwenzorii, Bed |., and P. grant’, Bedd.; but in these two species the right sperm-sac is longer than the left. The sperm-ducts run backwards against the ventral body- wall till they reach the prostates near to the male pore (fig. A, s.d., pr.). The prostates are oblong and irregularly moniliform, and they appear of a yellowish colour. They extend from intersegmental furrow xviixvill. to the xxvi. segment, and pass from the ventral to the dorsal region of the body. A distal muscular duct is not distinguishable ; a strong bursa propulsoria in relation with the male pore is wanting (fig. A, pr.). A pair of nearly globose shortly stalked egg-saes depends in the ventral region from the posterior surface of the very thin septum xili—xiv. (figs. A and B, es.). The stalk of each egg-sac extends laterally into the rectilinear oviduct (o.d.), and in the opposite direction it passes into a duct, which is a prolongation of the oviduct itself, and which opens out into one of the anterior diverticula of the spermatheca (div.) after it has described a short spiral line. This duct is provided, at the extremity which opens into the spermathecal diverticulum, with a little globular lateral appendix (app.). A small egg-capsule, or “ Ovarialblase,” is present at the distal extremity of this duct, where the egg-sac opens into it (e.c.). This egg-capsule is fastened in the xii. segment by a short ligament (/7.). The spermatheca is anteriorly bicornuous, @. e. it is divided into two oblong diverticula, which lie in the xiii. segment, and extends dorsally around the cesophagus and calciferous glands (fig. A, div.). The unpaired ventral median spermathecal. sac underlies the nerve-cord, and is compressed against the body-wall. In the two most anterior thirds it appears more dilated than near the spermathecal pore. Corresponding to septa XY.-xvl. and xvi.—-xvil., which are traversed, it shows two constiictions, which form three pairs of rudimentary lateral diverticula that le in segments xv., xvi., and xvii. In the Xvili. segment the distal portion of the spermatheca is thin- walled and reaches direct to the external pore (s.p.). There is no muscular chamber to this pore. Hab. ? Nairobi, British East Africa. Polytoreutus baralypton is well distinguished from other species of the genus by several important characters, viz.: the absence of muscular chambers to the male and spermathecal pores, the number and arrangement of the spermathecal diverticula, &e. 510 Mr. E. W. Sexton on LX.—A new Amphipod Species, Tryphosites alleni. By E. W. Sexton, Marine Biological Laboratory, Plymouth. [Plate XIV.] Two specimens of the species described below were taken by Dr. Allen during the cruise of the ‘ Huxley’ in the north of the Bay of Biscay, August 1906, trawled in 246 fathoms, ASS i! IN.; Bo LS! Wi. Fam. Lysianasside. Genus TRYPHOSITES, G. O. Sars. Tryphosites alleni, sp.n. (Pl. XLV.) Two specimens, ovigerous females, measuring 10 mm. from the tip of the rostrum to the tip of the telson. Besides these two specimens I have been able, through Mr. Tattersall’s kindness, to examine some fourteen others, taken, together with the type species, 7. longipes, by the ‘Helga’ on the west of Ireland, in 200 fathoms. They were of all sizes, measuring from 2°) mm. to 10 mm. in length ; the four largest were males. With regard to the distribution of the two species, Mr. Tattersall has informed me that “ 7’. longipes is alone found in shallow water. The other form is alone found in very deep water, and the two forms together in intermediate depths.” Description. In general aspect much resembling the type species, T’. longipes*, the principal distinguishing characters being found in the hand of gnathopod 2, the shape of side-plate 4, the epimera of pleon-segment 3, and the telson. Head longer than the first pereon-segment, but not equal to the first two in length; lateral corners much produced and acute. Eyes large, a long oval, pigment faded. Side-plates as in the type species with the exception of side-plate 4; in this (fig. 1) the projecting portion of the lower hind margin is rounded, in longipes it is truncate and angular. * A full description and figures will be found in Prof. Sars’s ‘ Crustacea of Norway,’ vol. i. p. 81, pl. xxviii. fig. 3, and pl. xxix. fig. 1. anew Amphipod Species. Wks Pleon-segments 1 and 2, hind margins straight, postero- lateral angles obtuse. Pleon-segment 3 is the most easily observed distinguishing character of the species; in longipes the posterior lobe is acutely upturned, rounding gradually below into the inferior margin, while in a/lenz, in all stages of growth, the lobe is acutely produced below as well as above, the margin between the points being deeply concave (fig. 2). Antenne.—Superior antenna: peduncle as in longipes ; flagella longer in proportion ; primary flagellum in the large female considerably more than twice the length of the peduncle, 18-jointed; accessory flagellum nearly one-thid the length of the primary, 6-jointed. The largest male in Mr. 'Tattersall’s collection had 22 joints in the primary, 6 in the accessory. Inferior antenna shorter than the superior in the female ; flagellum 15-jointed. In the male the flagellum is filiform, 62 joints in the largest specimen, 46 in the smallest. Ural parts.— Lower lip much as figured by Sars for longipes, densely covered with fine hairs, as is also the upper lip. Mandibles (figs. 3 and 4) much as in the type species, but distinguished from it by the different proportions of the joints of the palp. Cutting-plates large, rounded, with a small recurved tooth above. ‘Ihe left mandible (fig. 3) has a very small accessory plate, the margin of which is divided into three rounded teeth. Spine-row with three spines. Molar large, prominent; crown reniform in shape, transversely ridged. ‘The palp is very long and slender, the second joint longer in proportion than in dongipes, twice the length of the third, with a row of graduated setiform spines crossing its distal end diagonally ; third joint narrow, tapering to the tip, with a row of serrate spines on the inner margin, and an apical cluster of four lenger ones setting out at a different angle. Mazilla 1 (fig. 5).—Jnner plate tipped with 2 plumose sete; outer plate large, apex obliquely truncate, with 11 strong, flat, dentate spines, 10 of which are arranged close together in two 1ows, the remaining one being inset lower down on the inner margin. -Palp large and broad ; apical margin rounded and beset with 7 small stout teeth and 1 short spine. Mazxilla 2 as in longipes. Mawillipeds (fig. 6).—Jnner plate: apex truncate, with 3 short stout teeth ; a row of plumose sete starting from the outer angle runs halfway down the inner margin. Outer plate very large, furnished with 2 stout teeth apically and a p12 On a new Amphipod Species. row of 13 minute ones along the inner margin; 6 small spines are inset submarginally on the outer surface. Palp short, hardly longer than the outer plate; terminal joint with a distinct nail and 3 setules subapically ; the second and third joints setose on the inner margins. Gnathopod 1 much as in longipes; second joint slightly longer in proportion; sixth joint, palm oblique, with two sensory spines at the angle; palmar margin convex and serrulate; finger a little longer than the palm, furnished with - a decurrent tooth near the apex, 3 setules inset in the notch and 1 behind it. Gnathopod 2 (figs. 7 and 8) much more slender than in longipes. The second joint is longer in proportion. The sixth joint differs from that of the type species. In longipes it is described by Sars as being a little shorter than the fifth, oblong-oval, with the “ superior edge straight, inferior one bulging out at the middle”; the distal end is truncate, the finger being inset in the middle of the margin; the palm straight, rounding into the hind margin. In alleni the sixth joint is considerably shorter than the fifth; it is long and narrow, inferior margin straight, not bulging, front margin straight, curving a little distally to the insertion of the finger. The palm is convex and produced at the palmar angle; the finger smaller than in longipes, of the same construction, but with the base more swollen; tip curved, acute, with a decurrent tooth and a cluster of stiff bristles subapically. ‘The bristles on the outer side of the hand are more striking than in longipes ; the bases are more swollen, being twice the width of the shafts, and the apical flagella are much longer and thinner (see fig. 8). Pereopods much as in longipes; first and second alike, slender, densely setose on the hind margins of the fourth, fifth, and sixth joints ; finger long, nearly three-quarters the length of the sixth joint. The hinder pereopods rapidly increase in length ; basal joints closely set with small spines anteriorly, posterior margin serrated; the other joints very slender, spinose, fingers equalling those of the anterior pereo- pods in length, but only half their width. Pleopods.—Rami long, with about 17 joints in the inner, and 19 in the outer ramus ; 5 cleft spines ; coupling spines small, the lower one with 3 recurved teeth, the upper and smaller one with 4. Uropods more slender and more spinose than in the type species. Uropod 1: peduncle very long and slender, with a row of 20 short spines on the outer curve, 8 longer ones on the inner side; rami only two-thirds as !ong as the peduncle, On new Mammals from Tropical South America. 513 subequal to each other in length, very slender, with short spines on the outer curve and longer ones on the inner. Uropod 2 (fig. 9): peduncle much shorter and nearly twice as stout as that of uropod 1; rami snbequal to it in length; the inner ramus, of the form characteristic of the genus, is much longer and narrower than in longipes ; it is actually of the same length as the outer ramus, but appears shorter through being inset at a different level. Uropod 3 (tig. 10) : peduncle broad, shorter than the rami; inner ramus slightly the shorter, margin serrated, furnished with sensory spines and 1 plumose seta proximally ; outer ramus 2-jcinted, outer margin with spines, inner margin serrate, with 3 long plumose setz ; a setule in each apex. Telson (fig. 11).—The sixth pleon-segment is produced in an acute process on either side of the telson ; in longipes these processes are shorter and rounded. It tapers distally ; cleft to nearly three-quarters the length ; apices serrate on the inner side, each with 1 strong spine inset ; a pair of mobile ciliated hairs on either side of the cleft. ‘There were 6 spines on one side in the largest female examined, 4 on the other (probably two have been broken off), but the number is less in the smaller specimens. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XIV. Fig. 1. Side-plate 4, x 17. Fig. 2. Epimeron of the third pleon-segment, x 17. Fig. 3. Left mandible, x 58. Fig. 4. Right mandible, x 58. Fig. 5. Maxilla 1, x 58. Fig. 6. Maxillipeds, x 58. Fig. 7. Gnathopod 2, x 42. Fig. 8. Finger and one of the spines, gnathoped 2, x 268. Fig. 9. Uropod 2, x 42. Fig. 10. Uropod 3, x 42. Fig. 11. Telson, x 42. LXI.—New Mammals from Tropical South America. By OLDFIELD ‘THOMAS. (Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) Phodotes tumidirostris continentis, subsp. n. 3. 77; 2. 50, 78, 124. Quite like the type form, as described by Miller * from the Island of Curagao, but markedly larger. * P. Biol. Soc. Wash. xiii. p. 160 (1900). Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. vii. 34 514 Mr. O. Thomas on Dimensions of the type (the starred measurements taken in flesh) :— Forearm 38:7 mm. (other specimens: ?, 38°5, 38°8, 39). Head and body *43; tail *48; ear *14; third finger, metacarpus 35°7, first phalanx 14°8; lower leg and foot (c. u:) 26. Skull: greatest length 16°8; condylo-basal length 15:6 ; breadth across muzzle 5°4; breadth of brain-case 8°4 ; front of canine to back of m* 7:1. Hab. San Esteban, Carabobo, N. Venezuela. Type. Adult male. Original number 77. Collected 24th December, 1910. The four specimens are so uniformly larger than Miller’s type (forearm of g 36 mm., of ? 35), that it is evident that the form inhabiting the Island of Curacao is a small insular race of its representative on the continent of South America. In studying this most interesting bat I am able to confirm Miller’s statement as to the imperfection of the posterior palate, which is as he describes in all the specimens, one of which I examined myself under a microscope before the soft palate was disturbed. The palate-ridges are nine in number, the anterior ones simple and transverse, the posterior divided mesially and directed backwards in the centre, the whole series passing gradually from the one condition to the other. Marmosa grenade, sp. n. Allied to M. murina, but with 7—1—7 mamme. General characters of the red members of the genus, but the back is less rufous and more greyish than in most of them. Central dorsal area approaching ‘ broccoli-brown,” the sides becoming nearer ‘‘ clay-colour,” but the specimen has been skinned out of spirit, so that the colours are probably altered to some extent. Under surface creamy white, the hairs white to their roots except in a narrow area on each side of the belly, bordering the darker colour of the flanks. ‘Tail pale grey, not becoming white terminally. Mammz 7—1—7 =15, the South-American J, murina having 4—1—4=9 or 5—1—5=11. Skull shaped as in the Trinidad Marmosa, broader than in that of Tobago; supraorbital ridges thickened, projecting slightly over the orbits, but not forming angular postorbital processes. new Mammals from Tropical South America. 515 Dimensions of the type (measured as a spirit-specimen) :— Head and body 128 mm.; tail 174; hind foot 21°5 ; ear 25:5. ' Skull: greatest length 39°5; condylo-basal length 38; zygomatic breadth 22; nasals 18x 5-2; interorbital breadth 6°5; palatal length 22 ; three anterior molariform teeth 6°2. Hab. Island of Grenada, West Indies. Type from Annandale. Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 87. 6.30.5. Collected during the Grenada Kclipse Expedition of 1886, and pre- sented by G. R. M. Murray, Hsq. Three specimens examined. Marmosa tobag?, sp. n. Size about as in MM. grenade, but skull more slenderly built. General colour nearly as in the Trinidal Marmosa, dark cinnamon, becoming more russet posteriorly, above ; below creamy or buffy white, the hairs of the ventral region nearly all slaty at base. Mammary formula not known. Skull narrower and with more slender muzzle than that of M. grenade. Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :— Head and body 137 mm.; tail 196; hind foot 22. Skull: condylo-basal length 37°5; zygomatic breadth 20; nasals 16°2 x 5°6 ; interorbital breadth 7; palatal length 21; three anterior molariform teeth 61. flab. Island of Tobago, West Indies. Type: Adult male. B.M. no. 97.6.7.53. Collected 11th March, 1897, and presented by Dr. Percy Rendall. Marmosa nesea, sp. n. Size comparatively large, form stouter than in either the adjacent mainland or Tobago animals. General colour above between cinnamon and tawny, tending more towards ochra- ceous on cheeks and flanks. Under surface cream-buff, the hairs on the abdomen slaty at base, those on throat, centre of chest, and inguinal region buffy to their roots. Skull larger and heavier than in the allied forms, the zygomata widely expanded. Supraorbital ridges thick and heavy, but rarely angularly projected over the orbits. Dimensions of the type (measure1 in flesh) :— Head and body 159 mm.; tail 209; hind foot 27; ear 26. Skull: greatest length 42:3; condyle ghee 41; 516 Mr. O. Thomas on zygomatic breadth 22°6; nasals 19°5x 5°63; interorbital breadth 7-1 ; palatal length 23°3; three anterior molariform teeth 6-7. An older skull of similar length attains 25 mm. in zygo- matic spread. flab. Trinidad. Type from Caparo. Type. Adult male. B.M.no. 97.6.7. 24. Collected 18th January, 1897, by Dr. Percy Rendall. The Trinidad Marmosa is a larger, stronger-coloured animal than its neighbours on Grenada and Tobago and than that on the opposite mainland which I assign to M. mits, Bangs. The true M. murina of Guiana has much smaller teeth. J. mit’s extends along the mountainous ranges from Santa Marta through Merida to Cumana, and appears to extend southwards into Colombia and Ecuador. ‘The hairs of the sides of its belly are always conspicuously slaty at base, in contradistinction to the following form. Marmosa mitis casta, subsp. n. Size and other characters as in M. mitis, but nearly or quite the whole of the hairs of the under. surface cream- coloured to their bases. If a few of the hairs on each side of the belly have slaty bases, these are quite hidden by the long cream-coloured ends, while in true mites the area of slaty-based hairs is readily perceptible. Skull as in mites. Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :— Head and body 138 mm.; tail 190; hind foot 22; ear 27. Skull: condylo-basal length 37°2; zygomatic breadth 20°5 ; three anterior molariform teeth 6°4. Hab. San Esteban, Carabobo, N. Venezuela. Type. Adult male. Original number 207. Collected 6th February, 1911, by Mr. 8. M. Klages. Twelve specimens examined, Marmosa dorothea, sp. n. General appearance about as in Md. mitis casta; skull- ridges as in MM. impavida. Colour above a rather pale “ murina’”’-colour, paler than “cinnamon” and rather more suffused with ‘‘ russet.”’ Under surface wholly ‘‘ cream-buff,” the hairs light to their roots; line of demarcation on sides well marked. Hands and feet whitish, ‘Tail grey, the end gradually becoming white or whitish. new Mammals from Tropical South America. 517 Skull of the same long narrow shape as in M. impavida, Tsch., and the supraorbital edges similarly with tine narrow beadings parallel to each other, not thickened as in all the previous species, and not projecting laterally over the orbits. Teeth decidedly smaller than in impavida. Dimensions of the type (measured in skin) :— Head and body 130 mm.; tail 158; hind foot 18; ear 25. Skull: greatest length 35:4; condylo-basal length 34:2 ; zygomatic breadth 17:6; nasals 16°8x4°3; interorbital breadth 6 ; breadth of brain-case 12°8; palate length 19:4; three anterior molariform teeth 5°7. Hab. N.W. Bolivia. Type from Rio Solocame, 67° W., 16° 8. Alt. 2300 m. Another specimen from Mapiri. Dipe, Adult temale,) BM. nos I Gavi, 709: ~Otieinal number 1329. Collected 26th January, 1901, by Perry O. Simons. Presented by Oldfield Thomas. Readily distinguishable from its nearest ally, the JZ, im- pavida of Central Peru, with which it shares the general structure of the skull, by its wholly light belly and smaller teeth. Marmosa parata, sp. n. Allied to true JZ. murina, but teeth not so small. More grey-brown than in most of the group of red Mar- mosas, the general colour above similar to, but considerably darker than, ‘“ wood-brown.” Under surface “ pinkish buff,” the hairs of the belly slaty at base nearly or quite to the middle line. Dark orbital patch large, extending nearly to the tip of the nose. Hands and feet brownish white. Tail grey-brown to the tip. Skull with broadly expanded zygomata. Interorbital region with angular ledges projecting over the orbits. Teeth larger than in true M. murina. Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :— Head and body 140 mm.; tail 180; hind foot 18; ear 24. Skull: greatest length 35°8 ; condylo-basal length 34:6 ; zygomatic breadth 20; nasals 15:2 x 5°1; interorbital breadth 6:2; breadth across postorbital processes 7:7; breadth of brain-case 13°7; palatal length 19°7; three anterior molari- form teeth 5°8. Hab. Para. Type from Igarapé-Assu. Alt. 50 m. Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 4. 7. 4. 100. Original number 1879. Collected 12th May, 1904, by A. Robert. Presented by Oldfield Thomas. 518 Mr. G. Dollman on LXII.—List of Mammals from British East Africa, ob- tained by Mr. Robin Kemp and presented to the British Museum by Mr. C. D. Rudd, with additional Notes on Specimens collected and presented by Mr. A. Blaney Percival. By Guy Dottman. (Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) Tue following is a list of the specimens collected by Messrs. Kemp and Percival during December 1910 and the early part of this year. Xerus dabagala rufifrons, subsp. nu. &. 94,102; 9. 85. Kusso Nyiro. Similar to X. dabagala, but with rufous marking on muzzle extending back on to the head, and general colour of dorsal surface richer. Size and general proportions as in X. dabagala. General colour of back bright yellowish red, speckled with black, the yellow tint gradually passing into the pinkish brown of the flanks. Back of head slightly darker than rest of dorsal surface and speckled with bright yellow and orange-red, very different from the greyish-brown head of X. dabagala. Muzzle and forehead bright orange-red (tan colour no. 2, ‘Repertoire de Couleurs’), the reddish colour spreading on to the top of the head and mixing with the dark area on the back of the head. The orange-rufous tint is much brighter and more vivid than in X. dabagala, where the muzzle is more the colour of the flanks. Sides of muzzle, face, and neck bright orange-yellow (maize-yellow no. 4, ‘Repertoire de Couleurs’), strikingly different from the white face and neck of X. dabagala. Ocular rings pure white. Flanks pinkish brown, speckled with white and black, the white speckling being due to the light tips and the black to dark roots of the hairs. Ventral surface and tail as in _X. dabagala. Skull similar to that of X. dabagala; rather broader across the interorbital region. Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :— Head and body 205 mm.; tail 155; hind foot 54; eur 14. Skull: greatest length 54:5; condylo-basilar length 45 ; zygomatic breadth 31; interorbital breadth 15°5 ; breadth of brain-case (across squamosal region) 24; greatest length Mammals from British East Africa. 519 of nasals 17°5 ; width of palate (inside m!) 7:5; length of upper cheek-teeth 9:7. Hab, Eusso Nyiro. Type. Adult male. Original number 94. Collected by Mr. A. Blaney Percival on the 9th of January, 1911, and presented by him to the British Museum. The bright orange rufous on the forehead and head and orange-coloured face are the chief characters wherein this form differs from X. dabagala. Xerus dabagala dorsalis, subsp. n. 36. 1356, 1357, 1858, 1365, 1376, 1401, 1402, 1405, 1406, 1408; ?. 1869, 1871, 1377, 1387, 1404, 1409, 1410. Baringo. Allied to X. dabagala stephanicus, Thos., from which it is distinguished by its much darker dorsal surface. Size and general proportions as in the other members of this group. General colour of back dark olive, speckled with yellow and white, the general effect much darker than in stephanicus. 'Top of head black, speckled with pale buff and orange, rather darker than rest of dorsal surface and markedly different from the brownish head of stephanicus. Orange rufous on nose and colouring of face much as in stephanicus. Flanks richer and darker, the black speckling rather more evident. Limbs, ventral surface, and tail similar to those of X. d. stephanicus. Skull much as in X. stephanicus, broader across inter- orbital region ; auditory bullz less inflated. Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :— Head and body 239 mm.; tail 192; hind foot 55:5; ear 12. Skull: greatest length 54°5 ; basilar length 40°5 ; condylo- basilar length 44°7 ; condylo-incisive length 47; zygomatic breadth 30; interorbital breadth 15; breadth of brain-case (across squamosal region) 24°6; greatest length of nasals 17-5; palatilar length 23-4; width of palate (inside m') 69 ; length of upper cheek-teeth 9°7. Hab. Baringo, British East Africa, Altitude 4000 feet. Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 10.12.19. 4. Original number 1376. Collected in October 1910. This form, though evidently closely related to X. d. ste- phanicus, is readily recognized by the dark olive coloration of the dorsal surface and the blackish area on the top of the head. The rufous patch on the muzzle is similar to that of stephanicus and therefore renders this Baringo form easily 520 Mr. G. Dollman on distinguishable from X. dabagala rufifrons, where the rufous area spreads on to the forehead and head. Graphiurus microtis saturatus, Dollm. 9. 1548, 1707. Solai, Mount Kenya. Dipodillus diminutus, sp, n. Allied to Dipodillus harwoodi, Thos., but smaller in size, with much smaller teeth, and more rufous in colour. Size and proportions less than in D. harwoodi. General colour of upper surface bright orange-rufous (between bistre no. 8 and tan-colour no. 2, ‘ Repertoire de Couleurs’), slightly darker down the middle of the back, but not nearly so much as in harwoodi. Hairs of back with pale slate-grey bases, bright orange-buff subterminal rings, and short brownish tips. Flanks pure orange-buff in colour, hairs with light grey bases paling to white towards the tips ; subter- minal rings orange-buff, extreme tips of hairs brownish. Muzzle and top of head orange-buff, an indistinct dark line extending from the nose to the forehead. Cheeks and lips white, hairs white to roots. Sides of face below eyes buff, speckled with black. Ears clothed with short brownish hairs. Backs of hands and feet white. Entire under surface white; hairs of belly white to roots. Tail much as in D. harwoodi, rather shorter, but similar in colour. Skull much smaller than that of D. harwoodi; with nar- rower brain- case, shorter nasals, smaller auditory bull, and very much smaller teeth. Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :-— Head and body 67 mm.; tail 79; hind foot 20; ear 10. Skull: greatest length 23°6 ; condylo-incisive length 20 ; zygomatic breadth 12:3 ; interorbital breadth 4°7; breadth of brain-case (across squamosal region) 11:2; length of nasals 9; width of palate (inside m1) 2°8; length of palatal foramina 4°38 ; length of upper molar series 3:2. Hab. Nyama Nyango, Eusso Nyiro. Altitude 3200 feet. Type. Old male. Original number 1861. Collected on February 2nd, 1911. This Gerbil is at once distinguishable from the Naivasha species, D. harwoodi, by its brighter colour, smaller size, and very much smaller teeth. Taterillus tenebricus, sp. n. Allied to T. harringtoni, Thos., but with dorsal surface Mammals from British East Africa. 521 washed with a slate-black tint, and with rather larger hands and feet. Size of body and tail as in T. harringtoni. General colour of back bright buff, washed over with slaty black, the black coloration most prominent on the back of the head. Poste- rior back and rump buff-coloured, the slaty-black tint only appearing in this region as a broad median stripe, but spreading out on the anterior back and shoulders. Hairs of back (in dark region) slaty black, with narrow subter- minal buff-coloured rings; extreme tips blackish. Flanks bright yellowish buff (cinnamon no. 1, ‘ Repertoire de Couleurs ’) ; hairs with slate-grey bases, paling to pure white and tipped with buff. Face with well-marked black stripe extending back from tip of nose to dark area on head. Sides of nose and face buff-coloured, eyes surrounded with buff- coloured hairs. Lips white. Backs of hands and feet white, the feet marked on the tarsal and metatarsal regions with buff. Under surface of body white, hairs of belly white to roots. ‘Tail much as in harringtoni, but more hairy and blacker, underside markedly lighter than upper. Skull much the same pattern as that of harringtoni; brain- case broader and molar teeth larger. Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :— Head and body $2mm.; tail 128; hind foot 30; ear 17-5. Skull: greatest length 80; condylo-incisive length 26 ; zygomatic breadth 15:5 ; length of nasals 11:5; breadth of brain-case (across squamosal region) 9°6; length of upper molar series 5. Hab. Nyama Nyango, Eusso Nyiro. Altitude 3200 feet. Type. Subadult female. Original number 206. Collected on February 2nd, 1911, by Mr. A. B. Percival, and pre- sented by him to the British Museum. It is interesting to find a member of the genus Taterillus exhibiting the striking coloration met with in this species. Although agreeing in general proportions with 7. harring- toni, the conspicuous dark markings on the back of this Eusso Nyiro form readily distinguish it from the Lake Rudolf species. Tatera iconica, sp. n. A light-coloured species allied to T. vicina, Pet. Size and general proportions much as in 7. vicina. Colour of dorsal surface pale buffy brown, washed with dark brownish on the posterior part of the back, the general effect very much lighter than in 7’ vicina, where the predominating 522 Mr. G. Dollman on effect of the black hair-tips is most marked. Face and head pale buff-coloured, rather darker and redder on the back of head and neck (buff no. 2, ‘ Repertoire de Couleurs’). Sides of face and flanks pale buff (pale buff no. 1, ‘ Repertoire de Couleurs’); hairs with slate-grey bases, paling to white towards the tips, apical third buff-coloured. Ears clothed with short brownish and buff-colonred hairs; tips of ears greyish white. Backs of hands and feet and ventral surface of body white. Tail about as hairy as in vicina, much lighter above, the hairs on upper surface brownish red. Ventral surface of tail, like that of vicina, light anteriorly and darkening towards the tip. Size of skull rather less than in 7. vicina; molar teeth a good deal smaller. Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :— Head and body 145 mm.; tail 182; hind foot 35 ; ear 21°5. Skull: greatest length 41; basilar length 31:2; condylo- incisive length 86:2; zygomatic breadth 21; interorbital breadth 7; breadth of brain-case (across squamosal region) 18; length of nasals 18; palatilar length 19; breadth of palate (inside m!) 5; length of palatal foramina 7*5; greatest diameter of bulle 11; alveolar length of upper check- teeth 6°5. Hab. Nyama Nyango, Eusso Nyiro. Altitude 3000 feet. Type. Old female. Original number 1799. Collected January 27th, 1911. The light colour of the upper surface, both of the back and tail, of this Eusso Nyiro Tatera readily distinguishes it from the Kitui species, 7. vicina, and, taking into consideration the cranial differences between the two forms, the Eusso Nyiro specimens must be regarded as specifically distinct. Tatera nigricauda nyama, subsp. n. Closely allied to Tatera nigricauda, Pet., but smaller in size and with a lighter-coloured tail. Size rather less than in 7. nigricauda, a feature more noticeable in the skull- than in the skin-dimensions. General colour of upper surface much as in 7’. nigricauda, the dark hair-tips not so prominent, the general effect a little lighter (buff no. 1 mixed with snuff-brown no. 2, ‘ Repertoire de Couleurs’). Flanks rather purer in colour (pale buff no. 1, “Rep. de Coul.’), the grey bases of the hairs much lighter, in some cases being almost white. Backs of hands and feet and entire ventral surface white. Tail very similar to that of nigricauda, but hairs lighter and browner, the general Mammals from British East Africa. 523 effect produced being that of a reddish-brown tail, and not of a black one. Skull a great deal smaller than that of nigricauda, shorter and narrower ; markedly shorter nasals and narrower brain- case. Auditory bullz much smaller and shorter. Dimensions of the type Coed in the flesh) :— Head and body 164mm. ; tail 208; hind foot 40°5 ; ear 22. Skull: greatest length 48 ; basilar length 36°8; condylo- incisive length 42 ; zygomatic breadth 24°7 ; interorbital breadth 86; breadth of brain-case (across squamosal region) 17°75; length of nasals 20°5; palatilar length 21°5 ; width of palate (inside m') 4°3 ; length of palatal foramina 9 ; greatest diameter of bulle 12°5; alveolar length of upper cheek-teeth 7:2. Hab. Nyama Nyango, Eusso Nyiro. Altitude 3000 feet. Type. Old male. Original number 1798. Collected on January 27th, 1911. The much smaller size of the skull and lighter-coloured tail are the chief points wherein this new form differs from the Mombasa species. I have taken as representing 7. nigri- cauda a long series of specimens recently obtained by Mr. Kemp at Voi and Taveta. The following are the cranial dimensions of an adult male :— Greatest length 51 mm.; basilar length 40; condylo- incisive lene the 45°3 ; rai ibie breadth "36" 8; interorbital breadth 9; breadth of brain-case (across squamosal region) 20 ; length of nasals 23; palatilar length 23:6; length of palatal foramina 10; greatest diameter of bullee 14; alveolar length of upper cheek-teeth 7-5. Tatera varia, described by Heller from the Eusso Nyiro River, Sotik District, would appear to be the only other member of the genus described from this district. T. varia belongs to the fallax group with the white-tipped tails, and is in no way related to nigricauda or the form here described. Otomys irroratus elgonis, Wrought. 3. 1528, 1526, 1527, 1531, 1567, 1571, 1582, 1583, 1595, 1596, 1617, 1618, 1637, 1641, 1642, 1655, 1663, 1668, 1714, 1715; 9. 1522, 1572, 1597, 1658,1710. Solai, Mt. Kenya, Otomys angoniensis elassodon, Osg. 6 Idle; Aoalas Vala 9 2307, 1314... Nakure. 3S. 1421, 1428, 1438, 1448, 1450, 1457, 1478, 1481, 1502, 1514, 1506; 2. 1422, 1458, 1459, 1475, 1485, 1497, 1498, 1499, 1515, 1516. Rumruti, Laikipia Plateau. 524 Mr. G. Dollman on Dendromus insignis, Thos. 3. 1633, 1647, 1664, 1680, 1697,1713; 2. 1542, 1660, 1720. Solai, Mt. Kenya. Epimys dennie, Thos. 6. 1537, 1544, 1545, 1631, 1648, 1703, 1727; ¢@. 1570. Solai, Mt. Kenya. Epimys jacksoni, de Wint. g. 1549, 1550, 1557, 1562, 1569, 1627, 1639, 1649, 1702, 1717, 1722; 9. 1577, 1601, 1608, 1693. Solai, Mt. Kenya. o6. 1490; 9. 1483. Rumruti, Laikipia Plateau. Epimys medicatus, Wrought. g. 1500, 1503; 9. 1487, 1507, 1508: .Rumrute Laikipia Plateau. 3. 1839, 1851, 1360. Baringo. Epimys effectus, sp. u. Similar in general colouring to E. uganda, de Wint., but smaller in size. Size and general proportions less than in FH. ugande ; hind foot markedly smaller, measuring only 22 or 23 mm. in length, while in EH. ugande the hind foot is much larger, measuring about 26 or 28 mm. in length. ‘Tail rather short compared with that of EH. ugande. Size of body small. General colour of upper surface brownish buff, the effect being very much as in Apodemus sylvaticus, but rather yellower. Hairs all with slate-grey bases, buff-coloured subterminal rings and dark tips, the dark hair-tips most prominent down the middle of the back. Flanks yellowish buff, faintly speckled with brown, the buffy tint passing abruptly into the white coloration of the ventral surface. Sides of face and neck bright buff-coloured. Backs of hands and feet white. Entire underparts, as in EL. ugande, greyish white ; hairs of belly all with slate-grey bases and whitish tips. Tail, as in the other members of the multi-cmammate group, almost naked and rather darker above than below. Skull markedly smaller than in wgande, shorter and con- siderably narrower across the zygomatic region. Auditory bullz and teeth smaller. Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :— Head and body 139 mm.; tail 124; hind foot 23°5 ; ear 18. Mammals from British East Africa. 525 Skull: greatest length 32:1; basilar length 26°6; con- dylo-incisive length 81; zygomatic breadth 15; breadth of brain-case (across squamosal region) 12°53; interorbital breadth 4°7; greatest length of nasals 13°5; palatilar length 15; width of palate (inside m') 8:2; length of palatal foramina 8; alveolar length of upper molar series 5:2. Hab. Baringo. Altitude 4000 feet. Type. Old female. B.M. no. 10.12.19.27. Original number 1358. Collected on October 10th, 1910. The smaller size of this species is at once sufficient to distinguish it from de Winton’s EL. ugande. ‘This new form appears to be fairly widely distributed and to occur side by side with the larger species, as is evident by examination of the series of specimens in the Museum collection. Both species were obtained by the Ruwenzori Expedition, and Mr. Kemp has collected E. ugande and EH. effectus at Mumias and Mt. Elgon. There is a considerable range of variation in size aud colour presented by the series of specimens from Elgon and Ruwenzori, but not suflicient to indicate that they represent more than one species. As regards the other known forms of this group, the coast species, EL. hildebrandti, is rather similar in size to L. efectus, but greyer and lighter in colour. E. panya, recently de- scribed by Heller from the Athi Plains, appears to resemble this new species in general colour, except that the dorsal aid ventral surfaces in panya are described as merging gradually into one another, whereas in efectus there is a distinct line of demarcation between the rich buffy tint of the flanks and the white under surface. The dimensions of the two species are also conspicuously different. It is evident from Heller’s description of H. panya that it is not generally known that the type specimen of ugande is a young individual, and to this fact are due both its dark colouring and small size. In the Museum collection is a series of adult specimens from Entebbe, the type locality, received since de Winton described the species, and the following brief description of the appearance of EH. ugande in the adult phase may not here be out of place :— Size rather large, hind foot measuring 27 or 28 mm. in length. General colour of back dark brown washed with buff, rather darker and blacker down the back and more buffy on the flanks. Buffy tint on flanks gradually merging into the greyish-white underparts. Sides of base buffy orange. Hands and feet white. Underparts dirty white, hairs with 526 Mr. G. Dollman on slate-grey bases and buffy- white tips. Tail as in the other species of the group. Skull large and broad, an fairly large molars and broad brain-case. Dimensions (measured in flesh) :— Head and body 140 mm.; tail 135; hind foot 28; ear 22. Skull : greatest length 34°3 ; basilar length 29; condylo- incisive length 33 ; zygomatic breadth 16: 8; interorbital breadth 4-9 ; leneth of nasals 14; palatilar ‘leneth 15°4; width of palate (inside m") 3°2; length of palatal foramina 6; length of upper molar series 5°9. The Entebbe specimens of wgande exhibit a considerable degree of variation in colour, as do a similar series of this species from Mt. Ruwenzori, and it is evident that, like the smaller form described above, de Winton’s species is subject to much variation in colour. It is interesting to note that while the young individuals of E. ugande are dark blackish in colour, the juvenile pelage of E. effectus is ashy grey. Epimys evelyni, sp. n. A pale greyish-yellow-coloured species, about equal in size to EH. ugande, and probably allied to same. Size and general proportions much as in H. ugande, hind foot and tail rather shorter. General colour of dorsal surface pale greyish buff, tinted with brownish buff down the middle of the back. Hairs of back with slate-grey bases, buffy subterminal rings, and dark brownish tips. Flanks and sides of face pale grey, washed over with a light buffy tint, the buff-coloured area merging rather sharply into the hight colour of the ventral surface. Ears covered with minute greyish hairs; a light orange patch of hair at auterior in- sertion of ear. Backs of hands and feet dirty white. Ventral surface of body greyish white, the general effect lighter than in EF. ugande. Hairs of belly with pale grey bases and white tips. Mr. G. T. Bethune-Baker on Staphylinochrous whytei latimargo, var. nov. @. Head, thorax, and abdomen orange-brown ; antenne black. Both wings dull orange-colour, with the outer area black for a full third. Expanse 42 mm. Hab. Lokoja District (100 miles north). ‘T'ype in my collection. Staphylinochrous pygmea, sp. n. 3. Head, thorax, and abdomen with yellowish-grey hairs ; antenne black. Primaries black, with the basal half of the cell and the area below it cream-colour. Secondaries cream- colour, with the outer third blackish. Expanse 30 mm. Hab. okoja District (100 miles north). ‘l'ype in my collection. Next S. melanoleuca, Hmpsn. Staphylinochrous albabasis, sp. n. @. Head, antenne, thorax, and abdomen tawny. Pri- maries with the basal half of the wings hyaline white, the outer area being sooty grey. Secondaries hyaline greyish white, with the terminal area narrowly dark grey. Expanse 36 mm. Hab. Malange; December. Type in my collection. ZYGHNINA. Neurcosymploca nigromarginata, sp. n. g. Head, thorax, and abdomen black. Primaries dirty ochre-yellow, with a narrow black margin around the entire wing except the basal third of the costa; the margin is broadest along the costa and apex and gradually narrows beyond. Secondaries with the basal two-thirds pink, the outer full third being blackish and the whole of the abdo- minal fold dusky hyaline. Expanse 26 mm. Hab. Malange, W. Africa; December. ‘l'ype in my collection. This is probably a local form of NV, ochretpennis, Btl., but the whole abdomen of my species is black, there is also a new African Heterocera. 579 much narrower black border to the primaries and a smaller pink area in the secondaries. Saliunca biplagata, sp. n. ¢. Head, thorax, and abdomen bronzy metallie green. Both wings bronzy green. Primaries with a broad stripe below the cell slightly irrorated with fine bronzy scales ; at the end of the cell a largish whitish spot, with a narrow oval one below it. Secondaries with a white spot across the end of the cell, the area below the cell at the base being hyaline. Hixpanse 37 mm. flab. Kamililo, Nandi Country; June. ‘'ype in my collection. Saliunca kamilila, sp. n. 3. Frons, head, and collar bright orange-yellow; thorax and abdomen metallic bronzy green. Primaries brownish buff, with the costa darker madder-brown, and with a broad, curved, indefinite, madder-brown band across the end of the cell to the termen about veins 2 to 4. Secondaries purplish grey, somewhat hyaline in the cell and below it. Expanse 30 mm. Hab. Kamililo, Nandi Country; June. Type in my collection. Byblisia albaproaima, sp. n. &. Head black, frons white; thorax and ablomen metallic green, the latter with a white band on proximal segment ; anal segment orange-yellow. Both wings steely bluish black. Primaries with a narrow hyaline dash below the cell, followed by three narrow similar dashes (two near the end of cell and one below it) ; two small hyaline spots between veins 6 and 8, and two similar. ones between veins 3 and 5. Secondaries with basal area hyaline, composed of four spots—a large one in the cell, a smaller one below it, and a yet smaller one below it at the extreme base, the fourth being between the first two at the extremity of the second; beyond these is a cluster of three hyaline spots, Expanse 32 mm. Hab. Oni (Lagos) ; April. Type in the Hope Museum. Near B, setipes, Plotz. 576 Mr. W. L. Distant on Australastan Coreide. Psychide. Monda cassualalle, sp. n. g. Head, thorax, and abdomen dark grey. Primaries dark grey, area below the cell and vein 2 ‘hyaline white. Secondaries hyaline white. Expanse 26 mm. Hab. Cassualalla, N. Angola; August (Ansorge). Type in my collection, LXV.—Rhynchotal Notes.—LV. By W. L. Disrant. Australasian Coreidz and Berytide. Coreide. Genus AmorBUs. Amorbus, Dall. List Hem. ii. p. 408 (1852). Type, A. alternatus, Dall. Amorbus damelus, sp. n. ¢. Head, antenne, pronotum, and corium cinnamomeous ; body beneath and legs testaceous ; abdomen above black, with two prominent, central, transverse, discal red spots, one each at the anterior margins of the fourth and fifth segments and a very narrow spot at the anterior margin of the sixth seg- ment; connexivum testaceous, with marginal elongate black spots ; antenne moderately robust, joints 1-3 almost sub- equal in length, remaining joint mutilated in typical speci- men; head with a submarginal black fascia on each side; pronotum thickly finely granulose, the lateral margins slightly recurved and more or less shaded with black ; scu- tellum black ; corium thickly punctate ; membrane bronzy brown ; body beneath more or less finely granulcese ; poste- rior femora distinctly thickened, somewhat sinuate, inner margin shortly serrate, shortly but more prominently toothed a little before apex; posterior tibize very strongly curved, inwardly toothed, the tooth a little nearer base than apex, from tooth to apex the inner margin is shortly serrate. Long., ¢ 19 mm. Hab. New South Wales (Ldward Damel, Brit. Mus.). Mr. W. L. Distant on Australasian Coreide. BY | Allied to A. alternatus, Dall., by the apparently shorter and distinctly much more curved posterior tibia, different colour of the abdomen above, &c. Some difficulty occurs with the species described as A, planus, Walk., and which, as I pointed out in 1900 (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) vi. p. 376), is a synonym of A. alter- natus, Dall. This apples to the female, which he first described ; he then added a description of a male specimen, which is another species altogether, and forms the type of the above. TAMBOURINA, gen, nov. Head subquadrate, about as long as breadth between eyes ; lobes about equal in length, but central lobe slightly promi- nent and a little apically deflected ; ocelli at a short distance from base, almost as near each other as to eyes ; antenne four-jointed, first, second, and fourth joints longest and about subequal in length, third a little shortest ; pronotum with the breadth at base less than twice its length, mode- rately deflected on anterior area, lateral margins sinuate, lateral angles distinctly roundly prominent, a slightly promi- nent subbasal transverse ridge, the lateral margins at anterior area obsoletely crenulate; scutellum about as broad at base as long ; corium subequal in length to head, pronotum, and scutellum together; membrane closely, somewhat reticu- lately veined ; rostrum passing the anterior coxa, first joint not reaching base of head, third shortest and reaching ante- rior coxe ; pro- and mesosterna distinctly, centrally, longi- tudinally sulcate, the suleation of the latter confined to its anterior area, which is a little angularly produced between the anterior coxz ; abdomen beneath in male with a distinct, central, broad callosity on second segment; anterior and intermediate femora with a distinct spine beneath near apex, posterior femora somewhat strongly incrassated, spined beneath on apical third, shortly sparingly tuberculate near upper surface ; posterior tibize distinctly dilated on each side, roundly above, angularly beneath, the dilatation gradually increasing from base and terminating a little beyond middle ; posterior tarsi three-jointed, basal joint shortest. Allied to Amorbus, from which it differs by the relatively shorter and broader pronotum, the posterior tibiz dilated on each side, &c. Tambourina kelsalli, sp. n. g. Brownish ochraceous, abdomen above and beneath 578 Mr. W. L. Distant on Australasian Coreide. testaceous ; antenne pale castaneous, the apical joint ochra- ceous; head above and anterior area of pronotum mode- rately palely pilose ; pronotum and scutellum finely granu- lose ; corium thickly finely punctate; membrane subhyaline ; abdomen above testaceous, connexivum with dark castaneous spots, becoming obsolete on basal area, and the inner abdo- minal lateral margins with black marks, becoming obsolete on apical half; sternum more darkly granulose and punctate ; abdomen beneath with two central longitudinal series of black punctures, the spiracles and an inner segmental series of small spots black, anal segment castaneous ; legs ochra- ceous, femora above pale castaneous, posterior tibiz and tarsi pale ochraceous, the base and dilated area black ; structural characters as in generic diagnosis. Long., ¢ 17 mm. Hab. S. Queensland; Tambourine Mts. (Kelsall, Brit. Mus.). KURNAINA, gen. nov. 3. Body subelongate; head slightly longer than broad, subquadrate, not produced beyond the antenniferous tubercles, lateral lobes scarcely longer than the central lobe, but dis- tinctly divided at their apices; ocelli at base behind eyes, about as wide apart as from lateral margins ; eyes slightly longer than broad, adpressed on sides of head, situate at about one-third from base; antennz with the basal joint moderately incrassate, about as long as head, second and third longest, fourth shorter than third, stouter and pyri- form ; pronotum about as long as broad between the lateral angles, lateral margins straightly oblique, anterior margin truncate, posterior margin depressed, subconvex, lateral angles subprominent ; scutellum small, apparently triangular, but imperfectly seen’in the coarsely pinned type; corium about as long as head, pronotum, and scutellum together ; membrane not quite reaching apex of abdomen, veins nume- rous and somewhat reticulate; connexivum exposed from about middle of corium, distinctly upwardly reflexed ; ros- trum reaching the intermediate coxe, first jot reaching base of head, second extending to anterior cox, third and fourth short, subequal in length; mesosternum distinctly centrally sulcate; abdomen beneath moderately convex, narrowed beyond middle to apex, the lateral margins lami- nately depressed ; anterior femora obscurely bidentate at apices, all the femora equally stout, posterior femora not more incrassated. Mr. W. L. Distant on Australasian Coreide. 579 Allied to Gelonus, Stal, but differing by the non-apically spined intermediate and posterior femora, different structure of the pronotum, &c. Kurnaina tridens, sp. n. Brownish ochraceous ; pronotum, connexivum, and body beneath paler in hue; membrane shining fuscous brown; antennz brownish ochraceous, basal joint fuscous brown, apical joint piceous, second joint slightly longer than third ; head and pronotum finely granulose, the latter with an in- distinct central longitudinal impression and a similarly indistinct transverse impression about one-third from apex, lateral margins very obscurely crenulate ; corium thickly coarsely punctate, a distinct longitudinal series of close punctures at lateral margins ; body beneath closely punctate, more coarsely on sternum than on abdomen, the latter with obscure darker irregular spots on lateral margins; legs and rostrum brownish ochraceous, the latter with its apex black. Long., ¢ 12 mm. Hab, Centr. Australia; Hermannsburg (4. J. Hillier, Brit. Mus.). TURRANA, gen. nov. Body long, narrow and elongate; head slightly longer than broad, not produced beyond the antenniferous tubercles, but centrally deeply incised between them; eyes small, round, situate on lateral margins of head about midway between base and insertion of antennz ; antenne robust, first joint stoutest, narrowing towards apex, subequal in length to third, second shorter than either first or third, fourth shortest and pyriform; pronotum distinctly longer than broad, the lateral margins almost straightly oblique, but distinctly moderately ampliately reflexed, anterior angles subprominent, anterior margin subtruncate, posterior margin with two distinct central impressions ; scutellum small, with a distinct central ridge ; corium subequal in length to head, pronotum, and scutellum together, its apical margin longer than claval suture, but only very slightly longer than outer claval margin, lateral margin slightly convex and narrowing inwardly beyond middle to apex; membrane only slightly passing the base of the penultimate abdominal segment, the venation reticulate; rostrum not passing the anterior coxee, second joint shorter than third and fourth together ; mesonotum anteriorly and posteriorly centrally sulcated ; legs short, femora moderately evenly thickened, thickly 580 Mr. W. L. Distant on Australasian Coreida. finely tuberculate, tibize finely and obscurely granulose ; abdomen beneath somewhat thickly longitudinally ridged and centrally finely linearly sulcate. Allied to Pomponatius, Dist.; differing by the deeply incised head between the antenniferous tubercles, different comparative lengths of the antennal joints, rostrum not passing the anterior coxe, the more elongate body and shorter hemelytra, &c. Turrana abnormis, sp. 0. Head, pronotum, scutellum, and corium brownish ochra- ceous; membrane pale castaneous; antenne black above, shortly greyishly pilose ; body beneath greyish ochraceous ; legs black or blackish, tibize (excluding apices) dull ochra- ceous ; head finely and obscurely punctate and pilose; pro- notum with the posterior two-thirds sparsely coarsely punc- tate, with a central pale levigate line, the anterior area finely irregularly granulose ; scutellum with a fine central longitu- dinal ridge, on each side of which the colour is piceous; corium irregularly punctate, some of the punctures profound ; abdomen above testaceous, with a central pale longitudinal line, connexivum black, spotted with ochraceous; other structural characters as in generic diagnosis. Long. 13 mm. Hab. Queensland ; Townsville (Dodd, Brit. Mus.). Genus PENDULINUS. Pendulinus, Thunb. (part.), Hemipt. rostr. Cap. iv. p. 5 (1822). Type, P. hasticornis, Thunb. Pendulinus fuscescens, sp. n. Brownish ochraceous ; extreme lateral margins of pro- notum black; extreme lateral margins and apex of scutellum stramineous; lateral margins of corium narrowly pale ochraceous; membrane pale bronzy, subhyaline; body beneath and legs pale testaceous ; antenne with the first, second, and third joints testaceous, their extreme apices black, fourth joint greyish brown, broadly palely annulated near base, first joint a little stoutest and moderately curved ; first and third and second and fourth joints subequal in length ; head with the central lobe broadly prominent before the antenniferous tubercles; pronotum coarsely darkly punctate and moderately wrinkled, an obscure and some- what interrupted central pale levigate line, lateral angles Mr. W. L. Distant on Australasian Coreide. 581 subacutely produced, their apices a little directed backward ; scutellum coarsely darkly punctate; corium (excluding lateral margins) thickly finely punctate; membrane not passing abdominal apex ; bucculz short, not reaching eyes ; rostrum slightly passing the intermediate coxe ; mesosternum suleate; head beneath and sternum coarsely punctate. Long. 14 mm. Hab. Queensland ; Mackay (Rowland Turner, Brit. Mus ). This and the following species are the first of the genus Pendulinus yet recorded from Australia. Pendulinus lutescens, sp. n. Pale shining ochraceous; posterior margin of pronotum, scutellum, and corium pale testaceous, the latter with the lateral margin pale ochraceous; membrane shining bronzy brown ; connexivum, body beneath, and legs pale ochra- ceous ; antenne ochraceous, the fourth joint with its apical half fuscous, first joint a little stoutest and curved, first and third and second and fourth joints subequal in length ; head with the central lobe distinctly produced before the anten- niferous tubercles; pronotum somewhat thickly wrinkled and punctate, the lateral angles somewhat distinctly and subacutely produced; scutellum punctate, with its extreme apex black ; corium (excluding lateral margins) thickly finely punctate; membrane not passing the abdominal apex ; buccule short, not reaching eyes; rostrum about reaching posterior cox ; mesosternum moderately sulcate ; sternum thickly coarsely punctate, Long. 14 mm. Hab. Queensland ; Mackay (Rowland Turner, Brit. Mus.). JALINA, gen. nov. Narrow, elongate ; head large and broad, about as long as breadth between eyes, only slightly produced beyond the antenniferous tubercles, the apex of the central lobe a little prominent, the lateral margins distinctly sinuate; eyes large and prominent, distinctly exserted beyond the anterior angles of the pronotum; ocelli between eyes at a short distance from base, about as far apart from each other as from eyes; antennze moderately long and slender, first, second, and third joints subequal in length, first stouter than second or third, fourth short and moderately incrassated ; pronotum slightly longer than broad at base, the lateral margins oblique but rounded and obscurely crenulate near apices, anterior margin truncate; lateral angles slightly 582 Mr. W. L. Distant on Australasian Coreide. spinously prominent, and between them the basal marginal area is deflected posteriorly ; scutellum longer than broad, its lateral margins straightly oblique and its apex subacute ; corium about as long as head, pronotum, and scutellum together, the apical angle acute; membrane not quite reaching the abdominal apex, with several transverse basal cells, the remaining venation longitudinal, more or less furcate ; connexivum in @ exposed from behind middle of corium, in § scarcely visible, the lateral angles of the last two segments moderately dentately prominent; bucculz very short; rostrum reaching the posterior coxe, first joint slightly passing base of head, second nearly reaching middle of mesosternum, third reaching the mtermediate coxe ; spiracles placed before the middle of the abdominal segments ; ' tibize obscurely sulcate ; apex of sixth abdominal segment in 6 dorsally truncate. This genus is located in the division Pendulinaria. Jalina ocularis, sp. 0. Ochraceous; more or less marked and punctured with black ; head ochraceous, with two longitudinal piceous lines transversely connected in front; eyes castaneous brown; antennz brownish ochraceous, first joint speckled with black, second with a central pale annulation beyond middle, its extreme apex black, third with a more obscure subapical annulation, its extreme apex also black, fourth with nearly apical half black; pronotum thickly coarsely punctate, the anterior lateral margins, two broken, irregular, central, longitudinal fasciz, some lunulate markings on the anterior area, and the lateral angles black; scutellum somewhat coarsely punctate, the apex ivory-white; corium coarsely blackly punctate; membraue shining cupreous ; connexivum, as visible in ¢, ochraceous, with black spots ; body beneath and legs pale ochraceous, the latter somewhat thickly mottled with piceous or black ; two small black spots on each side of pro-, meso-, and metasterna, a sublateral series of black segmeatal spots to abdomen; sternum thickly coarsely punctate ; other structural characters asin generic diagnosis. Long., ¢6 2 12 mm. Hab. Queensland (F. P. Dodd, Brit. Mus.). PIRAMURANA, gen. Nov. Allied to the preceding genus Jalina, but differing in the following characters :— Head broad, but much shorter than breadth between the Mr. W. L. Distant on Australasian Coreide. 583 exserted eyes, which are strongly pedunculate; it is also much more considerably produced beyond the antenniferous tubercles, with the apices of the lateral lobes oblique and somewhat outwardly angularly broadened ; ocelli much nearer to each other than to the exserted eyes; pronotum as long but not longer than broad at base; lateral angles of the last two abdominal segments not dentately prominent ; ‘rostrum reaching the intermediate coxe, first joint passing base of head, second nearly reaching middle of mesosternum, third and fourth short. Piramurana cyclops, sp. n. ?. Head ochraceous, the eyes castaneous; antennz ochraceous, first and third joints subequal in length, second longest, remainder mutilated in typical specimens; pro- notum ochraceous, coarsely brownly punctate, the anterior marginal area, a central longitudinal line, and narrow basal margin pale ochraceous and impunctate, on the anterior marginal area is a small, central, curved, linear black spot, and also a linear black or blackish spot near each anterior angle, lateral angles moderately angularly prominent, a little directed backward, blackish, as is also the basal submargin, a distinct narrow anterior collar containing a transverse row of punctures, the lateral margins a little rounded at the anterior area and obscurely crennlate ; scutellum longer than broad, somewhat sparsely and irregularly brownly punctate, its apex greyish white ; corium ochraceous, thickly, coarsely, brownly punctate ; membrane bronzy brown, the veins numerous and longitudinal, some furcate ; connexivum exposed from near apex of corium, ochraceous, spotted with castaneous ; body beneath, rostrum, and legs pale ochraceous, apices of the posterior femora and posterior tibiz castaneous ; sternum very coarsely punctate ; abdomen sparsely and more finely punctate on the sublateral areas. Long., ? 16 mm.; exp. between outer margins of eyes 4 mm. Hab. Queensland (Ff. P. Dodd, Brit. Mus.). Genus CLeToMorPHA. Cletomorpha, Mayr. Reise Nov. Hem. p. 118 (1866). Type, C. bellula, Stal. Cletomorpha mackayensis, sp. n. 3d. Head pale ochraceous, slightly granulose, a distinct 584 Mr. W. L. Distant on Australasian Coreide. acute spine on each side before the antenniferous tubercles ; antennze pale ochraceous, first joint gradually thickened, longer than head, second slightly longer than third, fourth short, infuscate, thickened, pyriform; pronotum thickly punctate, pale ochraceous, the basal area from between the lateral angles castaneous brown, lateral angles with their apices acute, blackish ; scutellum pale ochraceous, sparsely punctate, a subapical and two irregular central spots casta- neous brown, the apex greyish white; corium ochraceous, thickly brownly punctate, a transverse greyish-white fascia a little before apex; membrane subhyaline; connexivum ochraceous, with irregular castaneous spots, one before middle largest and occupying the whole margin of the segment; body beneath, legs, and rostrum pale ochraccous ; sternum coarsely punctate, apices of the lateral angles of the prosternum and apex of the rostrum black; abdomen beneath with four broad longitudinal series of blackish punctures, a small black marginal spot at the apices of most of the segmental incisures, the lateral segmental angles acutely produced, a blackish spot on each side of the apex of the anal segment. Long., ¢ 74 mm. Hab. Queensland; Mackay (Rowland Turner, Brit. Mus.). A species distinct from some Oriental species, which it more or less resembles in colour and pattern, by the very distinct acute spine on each side before the antenniferous tubercles. Genus CLAVIGRALLA. Clavigraila, Spin. Ess. p. 200 (1887). Type, C. gibbosa, Spin. Clavigralla horrens. Clavigralla horrens, Dohrn, Stett. ent. Zeit. xxi. p. 403 (1860). Cletus ? indecorus, Walk. Cat. Het. iv. p. 197 (1871). Hab. Queensland; Mackay (Rowland Turner, Brit. Mus.). This species had already been recorded from Ceylon, Java, Philippines, Flores, and New Guinea. Genus MELANACANTHUS. Melanacanthus, Stil, En. Hem. iii. p. 92 (1878). Type, M. ferrugineus, Stal. Mr. W. L. Distant on Australasian Berytide. 585 Melanacanthus margineguttatus, sp. n. Head and pronotum castaneous brown; lateral margins and two central longitudinal fasciz to head and pronotum black, basal margin of the latter mostly black, with a central longitudinal ochraceous spot ; scutellum black, centrally castaneous brown, its apex pale stramineous ; corium black, the lateral margin greyish white, widened on apical area ; membrane hyaline, except at margins, reflecting the brown abdomen beneath ; body beneath black, greyishly pilose; a greyish longitudinal fascia on each side of head and pro- sternum ; abdomen beneath with a central longitudinal line, sometimes the whole central discal area, and the lateral margins ochraceous ; abdomen above black, with a few very obscure central, segmental, castaneous spots, the connexivum ochraceous, with prominent black spots; legs black or blackish, the tibize (excluding bases and apices) dull ochra- ceous, basal joints of tarsi more or less ochraceous ; antennz brownish ochraceous, first joint distinctly passing apex of head, first and second subequal in length, third a little longer, fourth longest ; head and pronotum finely obscurely pilose ; pronotum finely punctate, more strongly so and wrinkled on the basal area, lateral angles subprominent, black, and a little directed backwardly ; corium (excluding the pale lateral margin) thickly coarsely punctate ; membrane passing the abdominal apex; posterior femora somewhat longly spined. Long. 11 mm. i Hab. North Australia; Alexandria (W. Stalker, Brit. Mus.). Differs from M. scutellaris, Walk., by the prominently spotted connexivum, differently coloured markings through- out, posterior area*of the pronotum more distinctly raised and wrinkled, &c. Berytidez. Genus Merartroris. Metatropis, Fieb, Wien. ent. Monats. 1859, p. 206. Type, M. rufescens, Herr.-Schiaff. Metatropis tipularius, sp. n. Dark ochraceous ; head and anterior area of provotum a little paler ; apex of abdomen above and spots to connexivum castaneous ; body beneath pale castaneous ; head beneath Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. vii. 39 586 Miss S. L. M. Summers on a new and prosternum ochraceous ; abdomen beneath with a central and marginal series of pale ochraceous spots; antenne ochraceous, first joint very long, moderately clavate and castaneous at apex, second and fourth subequal in length, each distinctly shorter than third, extreme apices of second and third black, fourth black or piceous, annulated with pale ocbraceous near base; pronotum (excluding apical area) thickly coarsely granulose, with a somewhat obscure central longitudinal ridge, the posterior angles moderately laminately lobate ; scutellum distinctly, centrally, longitudinally ridged, the apex acute ; membrane shining bronzy, not reaching the abdominal apex; legs ochraceous, apices of the femora distinctly clavate and castaneous, tarsi with the basal joint pale ochraceous, remainder piceous. Long. 8 mm. Hab. N. Australia; Port Darwin (J. J. Walker, Brit. Mus.). This species was taken during the voyage of H.M.S. ‘Penguin.’ LXVI.—WNotes from the Entomological Department of the London School of Tropical Medicine.—No. 11. Description of a new Species of Simulium from the Siamese LHills. By Miss Sopu1a L. M. Summers, M.A., B.Sc. Simulium nigrogilvum, sp. n. Numerous specimens of this fly were sent, very kindly, to the London School of Tropical Medicine by Dr. Kerr, of Chiengmai. ‘They were collected by Mr. H. B. G. Garrett, of the Siamese Forest Department, on the hills of Siam east of the Menam, during the months of September and October. In view of Dr. Sambon’s theory, that Srmulium plays an important part in the spreading of pellagra, every reference to this genus is of interest. Only two species of the genus as yet have been described from the Oriental Region, namely Simulium indicum, Becher, from the Himalayas (Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, lili. pt. 2 (1884) p. 199, pl. xiv.), and Simulium nobile, Meijere, from Java (Tijdschrift voor Ent. Deel |. (1907) p. 206). The new form, Simulium nigrogilvum, is a very striking species. Its colouring is most vivid, almost wasp-like in its contrasts. It is Jarge, its length being almost 3°5 mm. Its head and thorax are velvety black, with bright golden hairs. Species of Simulium from the Siamese Hills. 587 The antenne are brown, yellowish white at the base. In spirit the abdomen is white, with brown bands posteriorly. The legs are banded black and white; the tarsi of the front pair are much stronger than those of the other pairs. The wings are hyaline. Head velvety black, with golden hairs between and behind the eyes; the face also is black. Antenne dark brown, except the first two segments and a part of the third, which are yellowish white. Palps brown, with the exception of the second segment, which is black. Thorax velvety black ; the scutum is covered more or less with bright golden hairs. Wings hyaline, with only the first and third longitudinal veins distinct and dark. /alteres yellowish white. Legs.—Femora and tibize are white at the proximal end, dark brown at the distal end. All the tarsal segments of the first pair of legs are dark brown, but in the second and third pairs the metatarsus 1s yellowish white in the proximal half, and the next tarsal segment has a white spot at the base. The penultimate tarsal segment is heart-shaped in all the legs. ae spirit-specimens the first two segments are white; the third, tourth, and fifth are white, each with a dark brown dorsal cross-band; the last two are entirely brown, darker dorsally than ventrally. The mouth-parts seem to be similar to those of other species. ‘The second segment of the maxillary palps has a curious little, probably sensory, vesicle, with a minute circular opening on the side of the segment. Simulium nigrogilvum is about the same size as Simulium indicum, but it differs from that species in the following points:—(1) The base of the antenna is yellowish white, whereas in S. indicum the antenne are entirely dark; (2) the femora and tibie are half white, half black, but in S. indicum they are said to be black-brown ; (8) the first two segments of the abdomen are white, and ventrally all the rest of the ‘abdomen except the tip is white also ; whereas in S. indicum only the first segment and the sternal parts of the next three segments are yellowish white. Simulium nigrogilvum is much larger than Simulium nobile, which measures only 1°55 mm. ‘The other points of difference between the two species are as follows:—(1) The antenne of S. nobile are reddish yellow, with black tip; (2) the thorax of S. noble is said to be almost naked, with a silver-white sheen, only a posterior strongly arched cross-band being velvety black, whereas in S. nigrogilvum the scutum is a0* 588 Dr. N. Annandale on some covered with bright golden hairs. In S. nobile the legs are described as blackish brown, the hind tibie as shiny mother- of-pearl, the basal moiety of the first two tarsal segments of the same leg as yellow ; but in S. nigrogilvum the legs are banded black and white. The halteres are reddish yellow in S. nobile, but in the new species they are white. The abdo- men of §. nobile is silky black, instead of being, as in S. nigrogilvum, largely yellowish white. The type of the new species has been presented to the British Museum. Unfortunately, having been dried after being in spirit, its colouring is affected. I wish to take this opportunity of thanking Lt.-Col. Alcock, I.M.S., F.R.S., C.LE., &c, for his constant help and advice, which are invaluable. LXVIJ.—Some Barnacles oj the Genus Scalpelium from Irish Seas. By N. ANNANDALE, D.Sc., Indian Museum, Calcutta. THROUGH the kind offices of Mr. 8. W. Kemp I have been entrusted with the examination of certain barnacles of the genus Sca/pellum taken in Irish seas by the Fisheries Branch of the Irish Department of Agriculture. These barnacles fall into three distinet species, namely Scalpel/um vulgare, Leach (=Lepas scalpellum, Linné), Scalpellum velutinum, Hoek, and Scalpellum (Smilium) kempi, sp. n. Scalpellum vulgare is by far the commonest species of its genus in the seas of Northern Europe and in the Mediter- ranean, but has not been taken on the coasts of America or in the S. Atlantic. Its bathymetrical range extends from about 20 to about 200 fathoms. There are a considerable number of specimens in the collection before me from the following stations :— fms, > « S. 36.... 10 miles off Clogher Head, Co. Louth* .. 20-22 @& R.9.... 1734 miles S.W. 4 W. of Coningbeg Light. 40 } R29 . Tb miles! SHA of Mine load «3.6005 oem ses 40-42 SAR. 2. 7O'miles’S, W.. of Bastnet ) 5.20 cn eee. 81 Sakadl47.. Porcupme Banlel we atscie oie & 913 SR 360.-,' DIVAN alee AV. Ree bectrentereccenee 108-120 S.R.97 . ca. 75 miles 8.W. by W. 3 W. of Fastnet . 199 * {Although only one specimen was sent to Dr. Annandale, in the course of trawling surveys in the western part of the Irish Sea S. vulgare has been frequently taken, at depths below 20 fathoms, usually attached to stems of Aglaophenia.—G. P. Farran. | Barnacles from Irish Seas. 589 S. velutinum, which is closely related to S. forme, Ales- sandri, of the Italian Miocene *, is common on both sides of the Atlantic in northern latitudes, and has been taken as far south as Tristan d’Acunha. It also occurs in the Indian Ocean. The bathymetric range is extraordinary-—from 35 to over 1000 fathoms. The Irish collection includes five speci- mens (the largest with a capitular length of 27 mm.) from S. R. 363, 51° 22’ N., 12° 0’ W., 695-720 fathoms. ‘The new species appears to be most nearly related to Scalpellum gemma, Aurivillius, and Scalpellum grimaldi of the same author, but possesses two extra valves below the rostrum and a narrower carina. S. gemma was described from Greenland and S. grimaldi from the Azores. Scalpellum (Smilum) kempi, sp. n. Capitulum large, triangular, moderately compressed, bearing 15 stout white valves, which are more or less imbricate and project at the tips. Carina straight, narrowly triangular Scalpellum (Smilium) kempt, sp.n. X 3. in lateral view, bluntly keeled posteriorly, bearing about six transverse ridges and distinctly striated vertically. Terga vertical, triangular, large, occupying more than half the capitular area, slightly retroverted at the tip, having a distinct vertical keel along the middle line. Scuta resembling * See Pilsbry, Bull, U.S, Nat. Mus. no, 60, p. 26 (1907). 590 Mr. O. Thomas on the terga in shape, but only three-fourths as long; their tips turned outwards and projecting laterally, their inner margin overlapping the occludent margin of the terga for a consider- able distance. Rostrum prominent, triangular, recurved. The two subrostals similar in shape, but smaller and much less prominent ; the lower valve larger and more prominent than the upper. Latera transverse, triangular, of no great size, prominent at the tips. Subcarina resembling the rostrum, but less than half as long. Peduncle much shorter than the capitulum, compressed, almost triangular in lateral view, covered with almost nodular subimbricate plates arranged somewhat irregularly. Cirrt very long and slender, feebly curved, colourless. Dimensions.— mm Length of capitulum ........ 12 Breadth Sh hal ore & 12 Length of peduncle.......'... 8 Breadth he AU Dek he ee 9 Locality.—S. R. 504, 12. ix. 07, 50° 42’ N., 11° 18’ W., 627-725 fathoms ; on Lophohelia. The external characters of this barnacle are so peculiar that I have ventured to describe it without dissecting the unique specimen, on which I have not succeeded in finding any degenerate males. I understand that this specimen will be deposited in the British Museum. } LXVIII.— Three new African Rodents. By OLDFIELD ‘THOMAS. (Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) Epimys stella, sp. n, Like £, allenz, but skull markedly longer. External appearance as in the Fernando Po JL. alleni, of which this would appear to be the mainland representative. General colour above dull rufous fawn, as in L. alleni. Belly greyish, the bases of the hairs slaty, their tips greyish white, Hands and feet dull whitish, ‘Tail long, very finely haired, so as to appear naked. Mamma 2—2=8. new African lodents. 591 Skull decidediy larger than that of 2. allent, the brain- case much longer, but not, as is the case in the next species, much broader. Supraorbital edges square, but without beading. Palatal foramina longer than in &. alleni, and bulle larger. Dimensions of the type (measured as a spirit-specimen before skinning) :— Head and body 77 mm. ; tail 140; hind foot 17°5; ear 15. Skull: greatest length 24°38; condylo-incisive length 23-4 ; zygomatic breadth 12°3; nasals 8:2; interorbital breadth 4:3 ; breadth of brain-case 11°2; palatilar length 10°6 ; palatal foramina 5:1; upper molar series 4. Hab, Congo and Cameroons. ‘Type from the [turi Forest between Mawambi and Avakubi, Eastern Congo. Others from Efulen and Ja River, Cameroons. Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 7. 1. 2.23. Collected in 1906 by R. B. Woosnam, and presented by the Subscribers to the Ruwenzori Expedition. Compared with the true J. allent of Fernando Po (of which the Fernando Po Expedition of 1904 obtained an adult topotype clearly identical with the young type of the species) this mainland form is markedly larger, with a longer brain- case, and has not the disproportionally short muzzle of that form. From £. carillus it differs by having 8 instead of 6 mamme. Epimys eta, sp. 0. General appearance of &, alleniz. Brain-case very large and broad. Proportions as in ZH, allent. Colour above rather more buffy than “ wood-brown” ; sides clearer buffy, forming a buffy line along’ the edge of the abdominal colour, which is well-defined white, the bases of the hairs pale slaty. Kars rather smaller than in allen’, grey-brown. Hands whitish ; feet with whitish edges and digits, middle line of metatarsus darker. ‘Tail uniformly brown. Skull with a very large brain-case, shaped somewhat like that of a Nyctomys ; the interorbital region broad, with well- defined xe tucvte beads, which extend backwards half across the parietals. Muzzle small and slender. Ante- orbital plate very slightly projected forward, though more so than in allen. Palatal foramina longer and bullee larger than in allent. Molars narrow, of the rather Uromys-like shape found in this group of mice; inner cusp of second lamina of m' and m? elongated antero-posteriorly. 092 On new African Rodents. Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :— Head and body 85 mm.; tail 102 ; hind foot 17; ear 14. Skull: greatest length 24:1; condylo-incisive length 21°7 ; nasals 7°7; interorbital breadth 4°6; breadth of brain-case 11:6; palatilar length 10°6 ; diastema 7; palatal foramina 5'1 ; upper molar series 4°5. Hab. Bitye, Ja River, S.E. Cameroons. Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 11. 5. 5. 11. Original number 517, Collected 29th October, 1910, by Mr. G. L. Bates. Another, younger, specimen obtained in 1901 at Efulen, Cameroons. Like as this pretty little mouse is to Z. allent and £. stella externally, the resemblance is only superficial, and its large Nyctomys-like brain-case, well-defined supraorbital ridges, and larger molars separate it readily from those species. Georychus kummi, sp. n. Near G. ochraceo-cinereus. General external appearance as in G. lechet. Size rather smaller. Fur of medium length; hairs of back about 7 mm. Colour slaty grey, rather less brown than in G. leche, not in any way sandy or ‘ ochraceous.’’ Coronal white spot smaller than in dechez, and not extended posteriorly asa white line on the nape. Belly with a white median line. Skull very much as in G. ochraceo-cinereus, smaller than that of G. leche: ; nasals not expanded mesially, their sides parallel from front nearly to back ; orbits defined behind by strongly marked postorbital processes, interorbital breadth slightly less than intertemporal. Lambdoid crest well developed, continued directly across skull without the median anterior inflection so marked in lechet. .Postero-external angles of zygomata strongly marked. Diastema compara- tively short. Bullee small. Dimensions of the type :— Hind foot (s. u.) 29 mm. Skull : condylo-basal length 42-4 ; condylo-incisive length 44°6; zygomatic breadth 31:5; nasals 15-2 x 3-2; inter- orbital breadth 9; breadth across postorbital processes 13; intertemporal breadth 9°2 ; mastoid breadth 20°8 ; palatilar length 24°7 ; diastema 12°6 ; upper tooth-series (crowns) 7°7. Hab. French Shari Protectorate, about 8° N., 22° E., on the Ironstone Plateau, Alt. 2000'. Type. Old female. B.M. no. 11. 4.2.1. Collected and presented by Dr, H. Karl W. Kumn, of the Soudan United Mission. On the Genera of Recent Clypeastroids. 593 This fine mole-rat, which I have named in honour of its discoverer, 1s no doubt nearly allied to G. ochraceo-cinereus, Heugl. yt which it shares its chief cranial characteristics. But its colour is of the slaty grey found in G. leched, and quite unlike the sandy or ochraceous of Heuglin’s species. LXIX.—The Genera of Recent Clypeastroids. By Huserr Lyman Crarkx, Museum of Comparative Zoolog By Cam- bridge, U.S.A. Auruoucu the classification of the sea-urchins commonly called cake-urchins, sand-dollars, and keyhole-urchins has engaged the attention of many zoologists, some of whom have held very high rank, the nomenclature in use at the present day is very unsatisfactory. That which is used by paleontologists differs from that of their brethren who confine their work to Recent forms, and such a name as Echinanthus, for example, means something quite different in one field from what it does in the other. The difficulties seem to arise chiefly from the fact that leading echinologists, such as the two Agassizs, Duncan, and Lambert, have re- fused to accept the tenth edition of the ‘Systema Naturee ’ as the starting-point in nomenclature, but have dated both yenera and species from pre-Linnean writers. Other articles of our present International Code of Nomenclature have also been consciously or unconsciously violated, and thus the confusion has been made worse. Having had occasion recently to outline for my own use a consistent and satisfactory classification of the Recent Clype- astroida, I have found that the application of the Inter- national Code results in some important changes; and as I believe these changes are bound to be made ultimately, they had better be suggested at once. Fortunately few familiar names are altered, and none of these is likely to cause any confusion. Of course, those who persist in the maintenance of pre-Linnean names cannot accept my conclusions, and I shall not expect it; but I do hope that those who wish to obtain a reasonable stability of nomenclature through the general acceptance of the International Code will find them- selves able to accept the types here given for the different genera, even if their own methods or preferences would have led them to different results. I hope it is needless to add that if I err in the application of the code or in the 594 Mr. H. L. Clark on the statement of any case, I shall consider it a great favour to be promptly corrected. In the tenth edition of the ‘Systema Nature’ Linné includes in his genus Zchinus four nominal species (rosaceus, reticulatus, placenta, orbiculus), which it is universally agreed are clypeastroids. The references and figures which he cites under each name show that these species, with the exception of placenta, are composite groups, and not species as we understand the term to-day. The form named Echinus placenta is, however, a well-known East-Indian species, and there is not now and never has been any doubt as to its identity. The name rosaceus has been the source of much confusion, and unfortunately Lovén, in his very important and valuable work on the Echinoidea described by Linné (1887, Bihang Kel. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl. xiii.), has not helped matters at all, because, as pointed out by Lambert (1905, Ann. Univ. Lyon, n.s. i. p. 142), he overlooked Lamarck’s work published in 1801, which has an important bearing on the matter. As Lovén admits there is no authentic type specimen of rosaccus, we must judge of the species by what is published in the ‘Systema Nature’; and there can be no doubt that the diagnosis and references given there (ed. x. p. 665) show conclusively that the name covers a composite group, including species of Hehinanthus, Clypeaster, and Laganum, as those genera are used by A. Agassiz in the ‘Revision of the Echini.’. Leske (1778, Add. ad Klein) failed to differentiate these various forms satisfactorily, but elects to call the group Lchinanthus humilis, admitting at the start that his name is a synonym of rosaceus. Juamarck, however, in 1801 (Syst. Anim. s. Vert. p. 842), recognizing the composite nature of rosaceus, restricted that name to the West-Indian species called in the ‘ Revision’ Echinanthus rosaceus, and placed it as the first of two species in a new genus, Clypeaster. The other species (pentapora) he removed in 1816 to Scutella, and so rosaceus must be the type of Clypeaster. I fully agree with Lambert that Lovén’s attempt to restrict the name rosaceus to the species of the Eastern Seas, commonly named C/ypeaster plucunarius,” is not only unconvincing and belated, but is most unfortunate. What, then, becomes of the name Hchinanthus? I regret that I cannot answer this question in agreement with either Lambert or Duncan. ‘The reason, however, is obvious. They both go back to a pre-Linnean authority. Under the Code, which I am trying to follow, the fate of Hchinanthus, Leske, the first post-Linnean writer to use the name, is Genera of Recent Clypeastroids. 595 “easily determined. Leske included only four species in his genus (humilis, alius, ovatus, or biculatus), and of these humilis equals rosaceus, L., and with its near relative altus belongs in Clypeaster, where they were placed by Lamarck. In 1825 Gray 1emoved ovatus to his new genus Echino- lampas, and therefore orbiculatus alone is left to be the type of Echinanthus. As this species is generally agreed to be a Pygurus, Agassiz, the latter name becomes a synonym of Echinanthus, unless it contains, as established by Agassiz, one or more species not congeneric with orbiculatus, Leske. If, then, the name Echinanthus is no longer available for a clypeastroid, and if Clypeaster, Lamarck, must replace Echinanthus as used by A. Agassiz, what is the proper name for the group called C/ypeaster in the ‘ Revision’? Personally I think it is practically impossible to separate.the two groups. It is true that the internal structure of the test of rosaceus is strikingly different from its West-Indian ally subdepressus, Gray ; but one cannot separate the Pacific forms by a corre- sponding difference, and i think we must consider the condition in resaceus as simply a specific character. There can be no doubt that increasing age brings an increasing amount of calcareous matter for deposit in the test of clype- astroids, and we must therefore be on our guard against placing too much weight upon characters shown by the internal structure of the test. If, however, it is desirable to distinguish rosaceus generically from its nearest allies, the latter may bear the name Stolonoclypus proposed by A. Agassiz in 1863. The type, of this genus I will here designate as Clypeaster prostratus, Ravenel, = Echinanthus subdepressa, Gray. The species called reticulatus by Linné is a more inexcu- sable composite than rosaceus, as it is made up of two utterly unlike clypeastroids: one is rosaceus itself, as clearly shown by Sloane’s figures to which Linné refers; while the other, indicated by references to Gualthieri’s pl. cx. fig. D, is the little Indo-Pacific species long known as Clypeaster scuti- formis (Gmel.). The difference in Linné’s diagnoses of rosaceus and reticulatus is so trivial that it needs no con- sideration. Lovén’s attempt in 1887 (/. c.) to delimit reticu- latus was anticipated over a century earlier by Leske, who, in 1778, clearly restricted the name reticulatus to the Indo- Pacific form. As A. Agassiz showed this in the ‘ Revision,’ I am at a loss to understand why he preferred the later name scutiformis. Returning again to Linné’s list, we find the fourth species (orbiculus) recognized as a composite by its author, who ¥ 596 Mr. H. L. Clark en the divides it into four varieties or forms. Fortunately the references to figures under these forms are sufficiently con- sistent, so that it is easy to determine to what species each form is to be referred. Leske recognized this fact, and gave each form a new name. He first selected the third one, and called it EHchinodiscus quinquiesperforatus ; next he removed the fourth form as Hchinodiscus orbicularis ; next comes the second, which he called Hcehinodiscus deciesdigitatus. The name orbiculus is thus left for the first form alone, and Leske’s name dentatus, which he gave last of the four, must be regarded as a synonym. As Agassiz in 1841 placed this species (under a pre-Linnean name) in his genus Rotula, where it has since remained, it becomes the type of that genus by virtual tautonomy, if for no other reason. The first post-Linnean writer whose work affects clype- astroid nomenclature is Leske, 1778. The idea of dating Echinocyamus and Echinoneus from Van Phelsum, 1774, seems to me absurd. It is true that he uses both names, but he is not a binomial writer, his diagnoses are inadequate, and he gives no species under either “genus.” Even if we wished to, we could uot use generic names which are neither adequately diagnosed nor assigned any constituent species. The question whether we accept these names of Van Phelsum or not is unimportant, however, for our nomenclature will not be affected, but only the date and author of the two names *, It may be added that if we are to date these names from Van Phelsum, then Agassiz’s name Heliophora, proposed in 1840, has precedence over the universally used name Rotula, Agassiz, 1841. Heliophora has been rejected, and rightfully it seems‘to me, because it has no constituent species, and therefore cannot be assigned a type; and this is the status of Echinocyamus and Echinoneus of Van Phelsum. For my part I do not see how, under the Code, such genera can be maintained. Under Article 30 we read—“ In no case . can a species be selected as type which was not originally included in the genus”; and I do not see how one can determine what species are included in a genus, where no species at all are mentioned, unless, indeed, the diagnosis is exceptionally exact. Leske (1778, Add. ad Kiein) groups his clypeastroid * Mortensen’s argument (1907, ‘ Ingolf’ Ech. pt. 2, p. 88) seems to me sufficient to dispose of Lambert’s most unwelcome attempt to upset the hitherto universally accepted usage of the names Echinocyamus and Fibularia. But personally I cannot consider Van Phelsum entitled to consideration in this matter. Genera of Recent Clypeastroids. 597 species in four genera—Echinodiscus, Echinanthus, Echino- cyamus, and ‘Genus 1.” The fate of Hchinanthus with its constituent species has already been discussed. The deter- mination of the type of Echinodiscus is by no means easy. Lamarck ignored the genus, but Gray (1825, Ann. Phil. x.) accepted it and only removed one of Leske’s fifteen species. This one (H. laganum) he placed in a new genus, which he called Lagana, a misprint (as shown by his quotation from Klein) for Laganum*. By tautonomy Leske’s species becomes the type of the genus. Blainville (1830, Dict. Sci. Nat. lx.) used the name Echinodiscus, but as he did not include even one of Leske’s fifteen species, his work can hardly be said to help in the selection of a type. However, he correctly placed Leske’s HE. orbicularis in Gray’s genus Laganum. It was not until Agassiz’s monograph ‘ Des Scutelles’ appeared in 1841 that Leske’s heterogeneous group was brokenup. Of the thirteen species still in Hehino- discus, Leske, in 1841, we may dismiss rosaceus as unrecog- nizable, and probably not an echinoid, while reticulatus is clearly a Clypeaster. Of the eleven remaining species Agassiz puts dentatus, octiesdigitatus, and deciesdigitatus in his new genus Rotula; for quinquiesperforatus and sexies- perforatus he establishes Melita; emarginatus and quater- perforatus he included in his genus Hucope ; bisperforatus, auritus, and inauritus he called Lobophora ; and subrotundus he places first in the Lamarckian geuus Scutella. As this is the only one of the species placed in Scutella by Lamarck, which Agassiz also places in that genus, it is certainly desirable, if not absolutely obligatory, to consider it the type. It will be noticed that Agassiz makes four new genera out of Leske’s Hchinodiscus, but ignores the name. Of the four genera Lobophora is the last established, and ought therefore to bear the old name; and this is peculiarly fortunate, for the name Lobophora is preoccupied and could not therefore be used. A. Agassiz first called attention to this in the ‘ Revision,’ and restored Leske’s name to the genus. No type has ever been selected, and | therefore choose LL. bisperforatus, Leske, second variety, which “longiora et angustiora linearia que foramina offert.” I specity this variety because the other was named Lobophora truncata by Agassiz (1841); and although Fourtau (1904, * The attempt to date this name from Meuschen, 1787, seems to me most unfortunate. He is not a binomial writer, and Thave no patience with revising the names of his catalogue. Many familiar Hchinoid names must take on a new meaning if his work is to be accepted. 598 Mr. H. L. Clark on the Bull. Inst. Egypt, (4) iv.) confirms A. Agassiz’s view that the two are identical, it is desirable to have decided which is the typical form. Leske’s genus Hchinocyamus contains thirteen nominal species, all based on Van Phelsum’s figures. Lamarck (1816) includes the same group, so far as he recognizes them at all, in his genus Fibularia. The two names were used interchangeably for many years, some writers using Leske’s and others preferring Lamarck’s, until, in 1847, Agassiz and Desor (Ann. Sci. Nat. (3) vil. pp. 140-142) restricted Echinocyamus to the flat forms (“ Oursins plat”) and Midu- laria to the high ones (‘ Forme subsphérique ou ovoide ”’). As angulosus is the only one of Leske’s thirteen species which they mention, and as it stands first in their list of Echinocyamus species, it may well be considered the type of that genus. Under Fibularia they mention two of Lamarck’s species, ovulum and trigona; but as the former is now generally considered a synonym of the latter, ¢rigona is doubtless the type of the genus. Were the history of the name Echinarachnius exactly as recounted in the ‘ Revision of the Echini, it would be im- possible for us to retain it for the sand-dollars in the sense in which it has been used for seventy years; but fortunately quite another interpretation of Leske’s use of the name than that given in the ‘ Revision’ is not only permissible, but is apparently more reasonable. On p.153 of his ‘ Additamenta ad Klein’ Leske refers to a clypeastroid under a “‘ Genus 1 ” which he says Van Phelsum called Echinarachnius, and on the next page (154) he describes it as “ Species 74, Echin- arachnius.” Further on he says it is identical with Hchinus placenta. i. Van Phelsum, however, did not call the animal Echinarachnius, and ow p. 8 Leske himself translates Van Phelsum’s colloquial name as Arachnoides, which is Klein’s “ Genus unicum”’ and obviously Leske’s “Genus 1.” Is it not clear, then, that it is no mistake of Leske’s in calling Echinarachnius aspecies rather thanagenus? He evidently intends to retain Klein’s name Arachnoides for the genus, and as Klein gives no specific name, Leske proposes echin- arachnius, but states that it is equivalent to placenta, L. Gray (1825, op. cit.) errs in attributing the genus Hchin- arachnius to Leske, for he was himself the first writer to use the name as a generic term. He includes three species in his genus—placenta, L., and Scutella parma and lenticularis, Lamk. In 1841 Agassiz restored placenta to the genus Arachnoides and put lenticularis in Scutellina, so that parma becomes the type of Echinarachnius. As placenta is the only Genera of Recent Clypeastroids. 599 species in Arachnoides, it is obviously the type. There is room for difference of opinion as to whether Arachnoides should date from Leske or Agassiz; but as I have no doubt that the ‘‘ Genus 1 ” of the former is Arachnoides, Klein, and as Leske himself uses that name on p. 8, it seems to me right to date the genus from the ‘ Additamenta.’ Fourtau (1904) has attempted to substitute Hchinodiscus for Arachnoides, but as his argument is based on the acceptance of pre- Linnean names, it does not concern us here. Ortmann (1902) believes that Echinarachnius is not distinguishable from Scutella; but I cannot agree with him, for the differences between the petals of a typical Scutella (like subrotunda) and those of Echinarachnius are sufficiently important from the phylogenetic point of view to warrant generic separation, in spite of the existence of perplexing connecting forms. The genus Dendraster was proposed by Agassiz and Desor (1847) for the remarkable sand-dollar of the North Pacific called Scutella eacentrica by Eschscholtz. In the ‘ Revision’ this genus is considered a synonym of Lchinarachnius; but I cannot believe this is desirable, for excentrica is quite unique in several important characters, and in my judgment Dendraster should be retained. The genera Peronella, Gray, Anomclanthus, Bell, Alex- andria, Pfeffer, and Astr iclypeus, Verrill, were all monotypic when established, so there is no room for doubt as to their types. IL am quite unable to follow Bell’s (1883, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., February) line of argument, by which he endeavours to dissociate Peronella from Gray. ‘To my mind it is perfectly clear that Gray established Peronella as a subgenus for Laganum peronii, Agass. I am by no means clear as to the exact limits of Peronella as a generic term at the present day, but I am inclined to think it may well be used to include the species, otherwise referred to Laganum, which have only four genital pores. In spite of their long-continued use, the genera Hucope and Mellita, so far as ‘it can discover, have’ never had any types designated. Jor the former I would choose the species called Echinodiscus emarginatus, Leske, which seems to have been the longest known of any species. For Mellita I select quinguiesperforatus, Leske, both because it has page prece- dence over sewxiesperforatus and because it seems to be a commoner and more generally known species. I greatly regret that the shorter and much more euphonious names given by Gmelin ten years later to these two species may not be used, but it would involve a deliberate violation of the Code. The fact that Leske wrote the specific name in two 600 : Mr. H. L. Clark on the parts, a numeral and a participle, might be construed as an indication that the full names (Kchinodiscus quinyguies perforatus or 5 perforatus and E. sexies perforatus or 6 per- foratus) are not binomial, and this would clear the way for Gmelin’s names ; but this seems to me such an unworthy quibble, I cannot bring myself to adopt it. Other genera which have been suggested at different times for Recent clypeastroids seem to me to lack sufficient reason for being. Thus the genera Diplothecanthus and Plesianthus, Duncan, are due to the recognition of the wrong type for Clypeaster and the laying of too much stress on the internal structure of C. rosaceus. Mellitella is based on a remarkable misconception by Duncan of the character of its type species, Mellita stokesii (Agass.). He states that the lunules remain open as marginal slits. It is possible that he drew this con- clusion from the figure given by A. Agassiz in the ‘ Revision’ ; but he would have avoided error had he read the description given in that work, for Agassiz distinctly says that the iunules may be completely closed, as in other species of Mellita. JI may add here that I think there is no longer any good reason for doubting that stokesit is simply the young of Eucope micropora; hence Mellitella becomes a synonym of Eucope. The genus Moulinia—or Moulinsia as emended by Duncan,—established by Agassiz in 1841 for a little elype- astroid from Martinique, is maintained by Duncan, 1885, although Liitken and A. Agassiz considered its type to be a young EFucope. A re-examination of the available evidence has satisfied me that Liitken and A. Agassiz were right, and I have therefore discarded the name. The more one considers the various characters by which the families and genera of the clypeastroids are to be distin- guished, the clearer it becomes that the position of the auricles and their relation to each other is of very great importance, although little weight has been attached to it hitherto. The condition of the actinal ambulacral furrows is also an important character, and fortunately is easily observed. The arrangement and relative size of the inter- ambulacral plates are characters usually difficult to make out in adults, and as they are almost certainly correlated with the shape of the test, too much stress should not be laid on them. It is hard to decide how much weight may properly be given to the arrangement of the internal calcareous supports. It is hard to believe that it is of any great signifi- cance, and it seems almost certain that the differences are, in part at least, due to age. The distinction between Genera of Recent Clypeastroids. 601 Echinocyamus and Fibularia is mainly in this character, and in these genera there is no reason to question the constancy and systematic value of the difference. But having satisfied myself that “ Mellita stokesii”” is only the young of HKucope micropora, I am bound to say that I consider the internal structure of the test of little taxonomic importance in the Kucopes and their allies; and baving found the greatest difficulty in making use of the character in Clypeaster and Laganum, J have practically ignored it. The development of lunules in the more specialized clype- astroids affords an obvious, constant, and most interesting character ; but how much weight is to be attached to their manner of formation we do not know. Is Mellita sexies- perforatus unique in the process of formation of its ambu- lacral lunules? What significance does its characteristic method have? Is it of taxonomic importance? Not being able to answer these questions, I suggest them as worthy of further investigation. The form of the petals is of course a good character, but it is well known that even a single species may show great diversity not only in the relative length and width, but in the degree of closure at the distal end. The position of the anus is an important character, but as it shows relatively little difference in adults it is only occasionally of practical value. The form of the test seems to be the most easily modified character, and little weight can be placed on it in determining relationships. Attention has been called by De Meijere to some interesting differences between the spines of Laganum and Clypeaster; but as I have not found it necessary to use this character and have not yet examined all the genera in this particular, I have nothing to add to his valuable account (1904, ‘Siboga’ Ech. pp- 103 et seqg.). The pedicellariz also show characters which may be useful for help in distinguishing species and genera, but they have not seemed to me of sullicient im- portance to take them into account here. There can be little question that Hchinocyamus aud Fibu- laria belong in a family by themselves, but I do not think this can be considered a primitive group. Such simplicity of structure as they show is probably associated with their small size, while their fused auricles and the structure of the interambulacra strongly suggest relationship to Layanum. In my judgment the most primitive of the Recent Clype- astroidais probably Anomolanthus or those species of Clypeaster with wide open petals such as C. ravenellii, A. Ag. In these forms the auricles are paired, well separated, and ambulaeral Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. vii. 40 602 Mr. H. L. Clark on the in position (this is assumed for Anomolanthus, as neither the describer of the unique type species nor the zoologist who established the genus refer to this most important character), there are five genital glands and pores, only slightly petaloid ambulacra, and small paired interambulacral plates in contact with each genital. In Clypeaster the interambulacra may become discontinuous in the adults, 7. e. the primordial inter- ambulacral plate becomes separated by ambulacral plates from the rest of the interambulacrum. It would be very interesting to know whether this is also true of Anomolanthus, for the high test and marginal anus of that genus show a less degree of specialization than is shown by any Recent Clypeaster. With the increasing tendency to a subarenaceous life the depressionof the test has gone on rapidly in the Clypeastroida, the extreme being reached in Arachnoides placenta. Curiously enough, however, except for the discontinuous interambu- lacra, doubtless associated with the flatness of the test, _Arachnoides is otherwise quite a primitive form, as evidenced by the paired ambulacral auricles and the supra-marginal anus. The ambulacra, too, are only shghtly petaloid. How the real relationships of this remarkable clypeastroid can best be shown is, of course, debatable, butit seems to be contrary to the evidence to separate it widely from Clypeaster, and yet I cannot believe it ought to be placed in the same family with that genus. I therefore recognize two distinct but nearly related families, the Clypeastride and the Arachnoidide. While Arachnoides is thus superficially very unlike Clype- aster but really nearly related, Laganum represents the other extreme, for it is superficially much lke Clypeaster but in reality is quite different. In the fused auricles, interradially placed, and in the very narrow continuous interambulacra with a large and apparently (though not really) unpaired abactinal plate adjoining the genital, Laganum shows struc- tural progress that makes it improper to place it in the same family with Clypeaster. The peculiar character of the inter- ambulacra, combined with the straight, simple, actinal ambulacral furrows, prevents our placing it in the same family with Scutella and its allies, and it is therefore necessary to recognize the family Laganidee. The remainder of the clypeastroids form quite a homo- geneous group with more or less discoidal tests, fused auricles, interradially placed, mterambulacra beginning abactinally in a pair of small plates next the genital, and with actinal ambulacral furrows more or less forked or Genera of Recent Clypeastroids. 603 branched*, This group has long been known as the Scutellidze, and while there are obvious reasons why it. is preferable that the type genus of a family should, if possible, be one with Recent species, it would be worse than absurd to abandon this ancient and euphonious name for no better reason than that all known Scutellas are fossil. We thus find it desirable to recognize five families, which seems like an excessive number for only fifteen genera, especially since eight of the genera clearly belong to one family. But I do not see how the number can be lessened without obscuring real relationships. The Clypeastride are almost certainly the nearest of the families to the original stock, and it is not hard to believe that the Laganide have had a common ancestry with them. The Fibulariidze seem to have been derived from the Laganide, or from its near ancestor, by a processof simplification. The Arachnoidide are certainly an old stock beginning on or near the Clypeastrid branch and with no near relatives at the present day. The Scutellidz are quite a distinct branch, though their origin is probably very near that of the Laganide, if not identical with it. The five families and their constituent genera may be distinguished by the following key. For convenience I have included Scutella, the type genus of the Scutellide, although it contains no Recent species. Auricles separate, each placed more or less clearly on the ambulacrum. Test not discoidal and seldom very flat; anus not supra-marginal; genital pores 5. (CLYPE- ASTRID &.) Poriferous areas of petals divergent, not incurved distally’; anus matrinal yee oe. cl ee oe Anomolanthus. Poriferous areas of petals more or less incurved distally ; "anus Submarginal |0 7 .ne. yenes Clypeaster. Test exceedingly flat, discoidal; anus supra- marginal; genital pores 4. (ARACHNOIDIDZ.) With characters of the family ............ Arachnoides, Auricles more or less fully fused into a single piece, situated on the interambulacrum. Actinal ambulacral furrows short and indistinct or * They are not branched in Alexandria, and often only indistinctly so in Echinarachnius. Duncan’s suggestion that Alexandria “appears to be an Arachnoides with a posterior notch ” indicates that he neither read Pfeffer’s description nor examined carefully the photograph given, in which the interambulacra may be seen to be continuous. ry 604 Mr. H. L. Clark on the wanting; abactinal end of each interambu- lacrum consists of asingle large plate adjoining genital; test not usually discoidal and never with marginal slits or lunules. Petals more or less perfect; madreporic pores numerous ; size moderate to large, 15 mm, and up in length. (LAGANID@.) Genital pores present in all interradii,....... Laganum. Genital pore wanting in posterior interradius.. Peronedla. Petals reduced and often rudimentary ; only one madreporic pore; size small, rarely up to 15 mm. in length. (FrBuLartp2.) Test more or less elevated, without internal radiating walls, except usually posteriorly. Fibularia. Test more or less flattened, with internal radiating walls bounding the ambulacra.. Echinocyamus. Actinal ambulacral furrows distinct, at least the posterior, and usually all, extending to ambitns ; abactinal end of interambulacrum with the usual pair of small plates adjoining genital ; test commonly more or less discoidal, often with marginal slits or lunules. (ScUTELLID.) Test without marginal slits or lunules. Actinal ambulacral furrows unbranched ; genital pores 5; abactinal system very Small hee esate ys Re Ga ya tesa Alevandria. Actinal ambulacral furrows more or less forked or branched ; genital pores 4. Petals more or less nearly closed distally .. Seu/ella. Petals broadly open distally. Abactinal system at apex of test; anus marginal; petals subequal.......... Echinarachnius. Abactinal system posterior to apex of test ; anus on actinal surface ; posterior petals much shorter than others .... Dendraster. Test with marginal slits or lunules or both. Not more than two marginal slits, and often none, in posterior half of test-margin. No lunule in posterior interambulacrum. Two lunules or marginal slits present, one in each posterior ambulacrum ...... Echinodiscus. Five lunules present, one in each ambu- TROT seb cess hose oe = Bow ee able Same ' eeeoreerypemm A lunule in posterior interambulacrum. Genital pores5 ....... Rate sh J apiaelnn pi CONE. Genital pores 4 wses 5 peemsaame oie ia wo pelea; More than eight marginal slits in posterior half-of Gest-marein Gierlem wie iete, 218s casita’ se | SEROLUEE. A list of these genera, with their types and other important data, follows :— ANOMOLANTHUS, Bell, 1884. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 43. Type, Echinanthus tumidus, Tenison-Woods, 1878, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. ii. p. 169. Monotypie. CLYPEASTER, Lamarck, 1801. Syst. Anim. s, Vert. p. 349. Type, Echinus rosaceus, Linné, 1758, Syst. Nat. ed. 10, p. 665, = Lchin- anthus rosaceus of Gray, 1825, A. Agassiz, 1872, et al. Type fixed by elimination by Lamarck, 1816, Anim, s. Vert. ii1. p. 15. Genera of Recent Clypeastroids. 605 AnacunorpEs, Leske, 1778. Add.ad Klein, pp.8 & 154. Type, Arach- noides echinarachnius, Leske, 1. c.,= Echinus placenta, Linné, 1758, Syst. Nat. ed. 10, p. 666, Monotypic. Laganvum, Gray, 1825. Ann. Phil. x. p. 5 (Lagana, by error). Type, Echinodiscus laganum, Leske, 1778, Add. ad Klein, p. 140,= Laganum bonant, Agassiz, 1841, and later writers. Type by tautonomy,. PERONELLA, Gray, 1855. Cat. Recent Ech. pt.i.p.13. Type, Laganum peronii, Agassiz, 1841, Mon. Scut. p. 1238. Monotypic. Proposed as a subgenus. Freurarta, Lamarck, 1816. Anim. s, Vert. iii. p. 16. Type, Fidudaria trigona, Lamarck, l. c.,= Echinocyamus craniolaris, Leske, 1778, Add. ad Klein, p. 150, Type fixed by elimination by Agassiz and Desor, 1847, Ann. Sci. Nat. (3) vil. p. 142. Since Agassiz and Desor’s work permits either trigona or ovulum to be the type, I will designate the former, although I have no doubt both are synonyms of Leske’s Echinocyamus craniolaris. Ecurnocyamus, Leske, 1778. Add. ad Klein, p. 149. Type, Echino- cyamus angulosus, Leske, op. cit. p. 151,= Echinus minutus. Pallas, 1774, Spic. Zool. x. (usually quoted erroneously as ix.) p. 34, pl. i. fio, 25, as delimited by Leske, op. cit. pp. 150-152. Type fixed by elimination by Agassiz and Desor, 1847, Ann. Sci. Nat. (3) vil. . 140. eran, Pfeffer, 1881. Verhandl. Naturw. Ver. Hamburg von 1880, p. 63. Type, Alexandria magnifica, Pfeffer, op. cit. p. 64. Monotypic. Scureiya, Lamarck, 1816. Anim.s. Vert. iii. p.7. Type, Echinodiscus subrotundus, Leske, 1778, Add. ad Klein, p. 142. Type fixed by elimination by Agassiz, 1841, Mon. Scut. p. 76. EcHINARACHNIUS, Gray, 1825. Ann. Phil. x. p. 6. Type, Scutella parma, Lamarck, 1816, Anim. s. Vert. iii. p. 11. Type fixed by elimination by Agassiz, 1841, Mon. Scut. p. 89. DeENpDRASTER, Agassiz and Desor, 1847. Ann. Sci. Nat. (8) vil. p. 185. Type, Scutella excentrica, Eschscholtz, 1831, Zool. Atlas, p. 19. Monotypie. Ecurnopiscus, Leske, 1778. Add. ad Klein, p. 131. Type, Echzno- discus bisperforatus, Leske, op. cit. p. 132. Type limited by Agassiz, 1841, Mon. Scut. p. 62 (under name Lobophora), to either bisperforatus, auritus, or inauritus of Leske, and the first, in the form of its second variety, has been selected by me in the present paper, p. 597. AstricLyPEvs, Verrill, 1867. Trans. Conn. Acad. i. p. 511. Type, Astriclypeus mannt, Verrill, 7. c. Monotypic. Eucope, Agassiz, 1841. Mon. Scut. p. 45. Type, Echinodiscus emar- gimatus, Leske, 1778, Add. ad Klein, p. 186. Type fixed in the present paper, p. 599. Mexura, Agassiz, 1841. Mon. Scut. p. 34. Type, Hehinodiscus quin- quiesperforatus, Leske, 1778, Add. ad Klein, p. 133, Type fixed in the present paper, p. 599. Rorvuna, Agassiz, 1841. Mon. Seut. p. 23. Type, Echinus orbiculus, Linné, 1758, Syst. Nat. ed. 10, p. 266, as delimited by Leske, 1778, Add. ad Klein, pp. 153, 144, 146, = Rotula rumphi, Agassiz, 1841, and later writers, Type by virtual tautonomy. Cambridge, Mass., March 1911. 606 Mr. O. Thomas on LXX.—Three new Mammals from the Lower Amazons. By OLDFIELD ‘THOMAS. (Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) THanks to the kindness of the authorities of the Goeldi Museum, Para, I have had the privilege of working out a collection of small mammals made by the Director of that Museum, Friiulein Dr. E. Snethlage, on the Lower Tocantins —chiefly at Cametd, besides a certain number of specimens obtained at Para itself. Among these there are several rare and interesting species, and the following three new ones :— Callicebus emilice, sp. n. Rufous-bellied group. Back rich bay or hazel. Upper surface, instead of the usual grizzled greyish brown found in most of the rufous-bellied Titis, rich rutous bay, or hazel*, this colour covering the whole back, from the occiput to the rump. On the nape the hairs are grizzled brown and whitish, with rufous tips; on the back they are dark smoky brown for two-thirds their length, their terminal third rich hazel. Crown greyish, more whitish anteriorly. Kars ashy grey, the long hairs on the antitragus tipped with black. Whole of under surface and inner side of limbs bright orange rufous. Fore limbs from shoulders to wrists, an ill-defined line along flanks (between the hazel of the back and the rufous of the belly), and hind limbs from hips to metatarsus grizzled ashy grey; hands and posterior digits whitish. ‘T'ail chestnut-brown at base, then deep black (though the bases of the hairs are whitish), the end with a whitish tuft. Measurements of the type (measured on skin) :— Head and body 320 mm. ; tail 400; hind foot 81. Hiab. Lower Amazons. Type from the Para Zoological Gardens. Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 11.4. 28.1. Presented by the Goeldi Museum, Para. This most handsome and striking species is distinguishable at a glance by the rich deep hazel or maroon-chestnut of its back, no other Callicebus having any such coloration. Its nearest allies would seem to be C. donacophilus, moloch, ornatus, and remulus, but the back in all of these is of the * No figure in Ridgway quite matches the colour, which is darker, richer, and more vivid than “ hazel.” new Mammals from the Lower Amazons. 607 ordinary grizzled greyish, at most with a slight rufous suffusion. I have great pleasure in naming this beautiful monkey in honour of Fraulein Dr. E. Snethlage, by whose personal efforts our knowledge of the mammalogy of the Lower Amazons is being so rapidly increased. Mesomys stimulax, sp. vu. Smaller than JZ. ecaudatus, and with shorter muzzle. General characters as in M. ecaudatus, from which I think “ Tichimys ferrugineus,” Giinth., cannot be separated *. Size rather smaller. Colour above rather paler and more buffy, but the difference is not great. Below, however, instead of the whole under surface being uniformly buffy, the throat, axille, centre of chest, and inguinal region are white, while the belly is more fawn-coloured. Whiskers and long hairs round ears blackish. Hands and feet drabby whitish, without buffy suffusion. Tail uniformly brown, thinly tufted terminally. Skull smaller than that of JM. ecaudatus, the difference being almost entirely due to the considerable shortening of the muzzle. Nasals shorter than in ecaudatus, parallel- sided mesially, narrowed in front, instead of “being decidedly broader anteriorly than posteriorly. Supraorbital edges well developed. Bullee decidedly smaller than in ecaudatus, their antero-internal corner not projecting angularly forwards. Teeth as in ecawdatus. Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :— Head and body 158 mm.; tail 122; hind foot 29; ear 13. Skull: greatest length 41; condylo-incisive length 36°8 ; zygomatic breadth 21°6; nasals 11°5x 4°35; interorbital breadth 11°5; breadth of brain-case 17°3; palatilar length 13°6; diastema 9; palatal foramina 4; upper molar series 6°6. Hab. Cametaé, Lower Tocantins. Type. Old female. B.M. no. 11.4. 28.29. Original number 69. Obtained 14th February, 1911, by Fraulein Dr. K. Snethlage. The specimen had been kept some time in captivity, but the differences in the skull are not such as would have been affected by this circumstance. Both skull and teeth are without any trace of disease. * Cf, Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xv. p. 590 (1905). 608 On new Mammals from the Lower Amazons. This is only the fifth recorded specimen belonging to the rare genus Mesomys. ‘The species will probably prove to range the whole length of the River ‘Tocantins, just as M. ecaudatus would appear to occur from the Huallaga to the mouth of the Amazon. Kerodon palustris, sp. n. Allied to K. spiai and K. boliviensis. General colour above near “ wood-brown” about as in pale little-annulated specimens of K. spiwi, the light mark on the head behind the ear practically obsolete. Under surface soiled whitish, or pale isabella, little contrasted with the colour of the flanks; very different to the white of | K. spivi and more as in K. boliviensis; the hairs pale slaty basally, dull creamy terminally. Skull in general shape most like that of K. spixi; nasals parallel-sided ; interorbital region broad and flat; median vertical ridge on supraoccipital obsolete; anterior border of mesopterygoid fossa intermediate between the broad opening of K. spiai and the narrow one of K. boliviensis; in K. spiat the front edge of the fossa corresponds nearly with either end of Ridgway’s “ elliptical oval’ (pl. xvi. fig. 10), while in the present animal it is as in the right half of “ elongate ovate” (fig. 5). Bulle smaller than in either of the allied species. Incisors completely deep yellow (‘ orange-buff”’) in front, the allied species having them whitish on their outer half, and the yellow part paler; their section comparatively shallow, as in doliviensis, their depth, from front to back, but little greater than the breadth of either of them. Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :— Head and body 225 mm.; hind foot 46; ear 25:5. Skull: greatest length 55; condylo-incisive length 47°7 ; greatest breadth 30; nasals 21x 9; interorbital breadth 11°6 ; palatilar length 23°2; breadth of mesopterygoid fossa 4°8 ; upper tooth-series (crowns) 11°7. Hab. Cametd, Lower Tocantins. Type. Adult female. B.M. no, 11.4.28. 84. Original number 62. Collected 3rd January, 1911, by Fraulein Dr. EK. Snethlage; presented by the Goeldi Museum, Para. From K. spiai, to which on geographical grounds this cavy might have been expected to be most allied, it differs by its slender incisors, narrower and differently shaped mesoptery- goid fossa, much smaller bull, and less white underside—in some of which characters it shows affinity with K. boliviensis. On a new. Australian Kangaroo. 609 LXXI—A new Kangaroo from the Northern Territory of Western Australia. By OLpDFIELD THOMAS. (Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) I owe to the kindness of Mr. B. H. Woodward, of the - Western Australian Museum, the opportunity of examining the specimens on which the following new subspecies is founded :— Macrepus robustus bracteator, subsp. n. Near WM. r. woodwardi, but longer-haired, and browner, Jessrufous. Fur, compared with that of IZ. r. woodwardi and alligatorts, long and thick, as in Md. r. cervinus and rubens; hairs of nape wholly or partially directed forwards from a whorl on the withers. General colour above pale “ mars brown,” the hairs ‘ fawn”? at base with black tips ; the resulting colour not unlike that in the shorter-haired alligator’s. Chin brown; rest of middle line of under surface creamy white. Head like back. Ectote of ear brighter, tending towards russet; long hairs of entote white. Limbs whitish, darkening on the hands and feet to black on the digits. Tail whitish fawn, not darkening terminally. Female not essentially different from male. The head is rather greyer ; the ears browner, with a contrasted tuft of russet at their anterior base; limbs almost completely white, the digits scarcely darker. Skull very like that of IZ. 7. woodwardi, but those of all the subspecies are very like each other, and I am by no means satisfied as to the constancy of the cranial characters used by Mr. Schwarz* to separate the different forms. The upper profile of the present animal is unusually bowed ; nasals convex in both directions; sides of nasal cavity less bowed outwards than in rubens; coronoid process of medium dimensions. Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :— Head and body 965 mm.; tail 813; hind foot 316; ear Ela, * Skull: greatest length 180; basal length 159; greatest breadth 94 ; nasals, length 81, greatest breadth 25, anterior breadth 19-4 ; intertemporal breadth 15 ; palatal length 110 ; length of secator 9°2. * Nov, Zool. xvii. p. 96 (1910). > 610 Mr. G. J. Arrow on a new Hab. McClintock Range, Kimberley Gold Field, Far North of Western Australia. Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 10. 12. 25.8. Original number 56. Collected 17th July, 1909, by J. P. Rogers, and presented by the Perth Museum. Male and two females examined, the latter retained in the Perth Museum. This subspecies differs from its nearest ally, /. 7. wood- wardi, of the Grant Range, further west, by its jonger fur, less rufous colour, and the essential identity of the two sexes. LXXII.—Upon the Dynamopine, a new Subfamily of Lamellicorn Beetles. By GitBert J. Arrow. (Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) THE preparation of catalogues of the less-known subfamilies of Scarabeide, which I have undertaken for the important | series now in course of publication, has made it necessary to investigate the proper position of various obscure forms. Upon one of these, described by Mr. Semenow as Dynamo- pus athleta, I included in a recent paper (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1911, vii. p. 894) a too-hasty note, based upon dissection of one of two specimens sent to me from India for identifica- tion. The specimens being in bad condition, I arrived at a conclusion which I must now retract. I have since been able to make a more satisfactory examination of another species of the genus, and have found that Mr. Semenow’s supposition that the mandibles are concealed within the mouth is quite correct and my allocation of this anomalous little insect to the Orphnine is not more tenable than his to the Hybosorine. The anterior prominences of the head which I believed to represent the mandibles are processes from the gene of an altogether unique character, and the actual mandibles, unlike those of any genus with which it is possible to compare Dynamopus, are very small and completely concealed. The real position of the genus is much more problematical than has been supposed. The most distinctive feature of that part of the Scarabaide to which it has been assigned consists in the correlation of the clypeus with the labrum and mandibles, the latter being always horizontally extended outside of the mouth-cavity and uncovered, a condition entirely different from that found here. Two years later than Semenow’s description, a little beetle Subfamily of Lamellicorn Beetles. 611 from Senegal was described by Fairmaire as Xantheleus plicifrons and assigned to the Dynastine. ‘This insect I have found to be undoubtedly congeneric with the Asiatic species, but, although the external aspect of the insect, and especially the form of the head, with its transverse ridges, suggest the Dynastinze more than any of the Geotrupine subfamilies, this is an illusion, for the position of the spiracles between the abdominal segments and the thick extruded labrum dissipate that idea. With the Coprinze it has nothing in common but the concealed mandibles and labrum. ‘There is some resemblance to -dgialia, but this is not borne out by a careful comparison of the head and mouth-structure. To the Ochodeinee there is little resem- blance, except in the peculiar branched tibial spurs, and to the Orphnine there is scarcely-more. So completely character- istic of these groups and of the Hybosorine are the large extruded mandibles and labrum and short flat clypeus, that it seems equally impossible to finda place for this remarkable form in any of them, and the only remaining solution of the problem is the formation of a new subfamily, Dynamopine. Jt is not impossible that other enigmatical genera, two or three of which have not yet been carefully studied, may eventually find their proper place in this group. The distinctive features may be summarized as follows :— The body is very compact and convex, the legs short, the coxee of each pair contiguous, the femora and tibiw very massive, and the tarsi relatively minute. The front tibize are strongly curved inwards, the outer edge forming three strong blunt lobes. The four posterior tibize are greatly dilated at the ends and each has a strong transverse outer carina, The spur of the front tibia is flat and pectinate along its inner edge, and those of the posterior tibize are laminar, broad at the end, and cleft into radiating lobes, two or three in number in the inner spur and eight or ten in the outer one. The basal joint of the tarsi is long and the claws are very small and slender. The antennz are 10-jointed, with a short 3-jointed simple and compact club. The eyes are moderately large, coarsely facetted, and divided by a canthus in front. The head bears two sharp transverse carinz above, the clypeus is produced into a rather sharp point in the middle, and the gene are produced into a pair of long, nearly parallel processes, curving a little upwards, pointed, and highly chitinous. The labrum is protruded, thick, short, and broad, studded with stiff bristles and having its lateral angles prominent. The mandibles are very short, completely hidden within the 612 Mr. W. Schaus on mouth, thin and scale-like, blunt at the extremity, with a strong molar tooth at the base. The maxilla has a long fleshy outer lobe and the inner lobe is strongly chitinized and furnished with a double row of extremely long and sharp teeth. The mentum is quadrate, with a terminal fringe of long hairs, and the ligula prominent and bilobed. There is no stridulatory apparatus such as characterizes the Orphninee, Ochodeeinee, and Idiostomine. The specimen I have dissected is a male, but I have found no external sexual distinction. The species is from the White Nile and is at present without a name. It is ex- tremely close to Dynamopus plicifrons, Fairm., from Senegal, of which I have seen the type in M. René Oberthiir’s collection, but differs in having the pronotum more coarsely and less densely punctured. Dynamopus athleta, Sem., of Western Asia, is a rather smaller and relatively shorter insect. The new species is shortly diagnosed as follows :— Dynamopus semenowt?, sp. 0. Lete rufo-testaceus, capite prothoracisque disco brunneis, capite omnino grosse rugoso; prothorace lato, grosse punctato, punctis antice confluentibus, postice discretis, lateraliter sparsis, disco postice levissime impresso, lateribus fortiter arcuatis, angulis posticis nullis; scutello levi; elytris profunde equaliter punctato-striatis, interstitiis sparsissime punctatis. Long. 9 mm., lat. max, 5 mm, Hab. White Nile. The specimens in the British Museum were collected many years ago by Mr. Petherick. The species is also con- tained in Herr Carl Felsche’s collection. LXXIII.—WNew Species of Heterocera from Costa Rica —VIII. By W. ScHaus, F.Z.8. Syntomide. Euagra delectans, sp. 0. &. Palpi red on basal half, the apical half brown; frons buff; vertex and neck crimson; collar and thorax black, streaked with dark blue ; abdomen above blue-black, ven- trally white ; fore coxe white. Fore wings black, tinged Ileterocera from Costa Rica. 613 with purple ; a metallic-blue streak on base of costa, and a broader and brighter blue streak above submedian to near middle; a large hyaline space between veins 2 and 3, not quite reaching termen. Hind wings blue-black ; a hyaline fascia from base below cell and vein 8 to close to outer margin. Expanse 34 mm. Hab. Guapiles. Near J. angelica, Butl. Propyria normanit, sp. n. 3. Body black; the shoulders crimson. Fore wings leaden black ; a broad red stripe from entire base of wing above submedian, along costa, and tapering to apex, leaving the apical third of costa narrowly black. Hind wings purplish black ; some roseate on base of costa. Underneath similar, but the hind wings have the base of costa crimson. Expanse 24 mm. Hab, Alajuela. Named after my young friend Norman Clark, of Alajuela. Arctiade. Parevia parnelli, sp. n. 6. Palpi buff, shaded with red above. Fons, collar, and thorax dark lilacine brown; vertex yellow, shaded with red in front and behind; abdomen red above, with three small dark spots dorsally ; anal hairs yellow. Fore wings lilacine brown; ared streak at base below submedian; a small red spot medially and one postmedially on inner margin, the latter with another above submedian ; a large yellow spot medially on costa, its hind margin downcurved to median; a smaller spot postmedially on costa, and a slightly larger one near apex ; a yellow space on outer margin, its inner edge straight from 5 to below 3, inbent to 2, and again straight to submedian; the yellow spots all separated from dark portion by crimson lines. Hind wings yellow; the outer margin broadly black, tapering at anal angle. Expanse 22 mm. Hab. Sixola. Near P. metachryseis, Hmpsn. Calidota rudis, sp. n. 3. Palpi, frons, thorax, and fore wings lilacine brown ; vertex, collar, shoulders, and abdomen above orange; a black 614 Mr. W. Schaus on point on tegule and patagia; abdomen ventrally fuscous grey; legs brown. Fore wings: a black point and some ochreous hairs at base; a faintly darker subterminal shade, outcurved to vein 4, then straight to tornus. Hind wings thinly scaled, smoky brown; the base of costa luteous; the inner margin with yellowish-buff hairs. Eixpanse 47 mm. flab. San Mateo. Paranerita flexuosa, sp. n. ?. Palpi and vertex yellow; frons, collar, and thorax violaceous ; abdomen above crimson, underneath white; anus yellowish white. Fore wings roseate purple; a large yellow space on costa, its hind margin obliquely flexuous to vein 3, then upwardly oblique to above 4, and faintly incurved to costa; the apex and outer margin yellow, narrowly and lunular from 7 to below 5, then wider and straight to 3, incurved and oblique to just above tornus; a black edging to dark portion. Hind wings: cell and inner area roseate ; costa narrowly yellow; otherwise black. Expanse 28 mm. Hab. Sixola. Paranerita lophosticta, sp. n. 3. Palpi and body above crimson ; a large yellow spot on vertex, a transverse silvery-white band at base of abdomen dorsally ; anal hairs yellow ; body below white, fore coxe and tibie red. Fore wings red, irrorated with violaceous; a yellow fascia, wide on middle of costa, crossed by a red streak on subcostal, narrowing between 3 and 4, and ex- panding on outer margin above tornus, and following narrowly the outer margin to apex ; the red portions where next to yellow edged with crimson ; a medial curved crimson streak below cell ; a small yellow spot edged with crimson below cell towards base. Hind wings roseate, tinged with lilacine on costa; the outer margin excised at apex. Fore wings below with elongated fovea below cell clothed with white hairs. Eixpanse 30 mm. ?. The yellow fascia more constricted between 3 and 4; no yellow spot near base ; hind wings red, normal. Expanse 33 mm. Hab. Sixola, Juan Vinas. Near P. carminata, Schs. Tleterocera from Costa Rica. 615 Notodontida. Azawta dyart, sp. n. g. Palpi fuscous brown, shaded with reddish brown above ; head buff; collar reddish brown and buff; thorax mottled green, lilacine, and daik grey; abdomen brown, basal tufts white, anal hairs tipped with dark red. Fore wings dark lilacine grey ; the costal margin shaded with green; the inner margin whitish, the lines on it green and olive-brown ; the apex and tornus whitish, shaded with green; a black basal line; antemedial geminate, the inner part heavier marked, and inbent on submedian ; a darker medial shade and some medial green and reddish-brown shadings below cell and vein 2; a broad velvety black-brown lunate discal mark; veins on outer space irrorated with black; a fine reddish-brown, geminate, lunular, postmedial line ; fuscous submarginal spots between 5 and 7. Hind wings whitish, irrorated with fuscous grey chiefly on outer margin, and leaving a faint postmedial white shade; a brown streak on inner margin ; a fuscous spot at anal angle. Eixpanse 34 mm. Hab. Sixola. Allied to A. luteilinea, Druce. Antiopha? marcella, sp. n. ?. Palpi dark brown, streaked with buff above; the second joint very long and heavily fringed. Head and collar mottled brown and buff; thorax mottled with grey ; abdomen fuscous brown. Fore wings greyish buff, irrorated with brown ; a darker basal shade not reaching inner margin ; an inner fuscous-brown shade, angled at median, most notice- able between fold and submedian ; a white streak at end of cell to discocellular, beyond which it forms a slight longitu- dinal crescent ; a large brown shade below this is angled just below vein 2 and extends upwards postmedially to the costa, being outwardly limited by a whitish shade above vein 4 ; the outer margin dark, shaded and crossed by a submarginal, irregular, fine dark line. Hind wings fuscous brown, thinly scaled on inner margin ; cilia whitish buff. Hxpanse 34 mm. Hab. Sixola. Arhacia lignarts, sp. n. 3. Palpi and frons brown; vertex buff, separated from brown frons by a darker brown line; some brown hairs at 616 Mr. W. Schaus on base of antenne ; collar brown, darkest medially; thorax buff-brown, the patagia streaked with dark brown; abdomen buff, a dark brown dorsal tuft at base. Fore wings buff, shaded with pinkish brown ; a greyish-brown shade through cell to termen between 5 and 7, interrupted at end of cell by buff and pale reddish-brown transverse streaks on and at either side of discocellular ; a geminate dark brown streak below cell from base to middle of wing, surmounted and followed by a greyish-brown shade to below vein 5 near post- medial ; a geminate fine brownish streak along submedian ; the postmedial fine brownish, forming very deep and narrow curves, the inward curve between veins.4 and 5 marked with black ; the margins, except at base of wing, dark reddish brown, streaked with fuscous brown ; a whitish-buff sub- terminal line, angled and outcurved at submedian fold ; a fine lilacine white line on outer margin and lighter brown shadings chiefly towards apex. Hind wings yellowish white; dark brown shadings at anal angle crossed by whitish lines. Underneath yellowish white; fore wings finely brown on costa towards apex and on cilia. Expanse, ¢ 54 mm. Expanse, 2 73 mm. Hab. Sixola, Tuis. Arhacia, H.-S., and Lirimiris, W1k., had better be sepa- rated by the fasciculate antennze in the former and the pecti- nated antennze in the latter, as the separation of veins 3 and 4 on hind wings seems to vary. A. combusta, H.-S., is repre- sented in the British Museum by three females, and | have not yet seen the male, which is well figured by H.-5.; the wings below are dark brown. A. (Lirimirts) imitans, Schs., differs in the pale costa of hind wings in @, and the buff brown hind wings in Q, also by the whitish-buff underside. A, lignaris, Schs., is readily distinguished from either by the dark shade beyond cell. A. fascis, Schs., A. meridionalis, Schs., and A. elongata, Schs., should be transferred to Lard- miris. A. corina, Schs., had also better be placed with these last species, although the antenne are simple in the female. Notoplusia eunoteloides, sp. n. gd. Head and collar reddish brown; thorax violaceous brown, some grey shadings posteriorly ; abdomen above lilacine brown, the last two segments greyish, with a dorsal dark point on last segment. Fore wings: the basal third dark brown, except on inner margin, which is grey, limited by a darker brown line, outwardly edged with whitish ; outer TTeterocera from Costa Rica. 617 two-thirds grey, medially irrorated with darker grey and beyond with light brown ; a reniform brownish line at end of cell; a postmedial brown spot on costa and a larger post- medial spot on inner margin; vein 6 finely black ; a sub- terminal straight black line from vein 8 to vein 3, inset below 3 and below 2; faint traces of a terminal dark line near apex. Hind wings whitish, the veins tinged with brown; a faint terminal fuscous-grey shade. Expanse 33 mm. Hab. Avangarez. Malocampa matralis, sp. n. ?. Head and thorax dull brown, mottled with buff, and some whitish hairs on vertex ; abdomen darker brown above. Fore wings dull brown, shaded with yellowish buff on inner margin; traces of a darker geminate antemedial line on costa ; two black spots on discocellular, finely edged with lighter brown ; short postmedial greyish streaks on veins, preceded and followed by a few black scales; terminal black spots between the veins; cilia buff at tornus, otherwise brown, with darker shades at veins. Hind wings dull dark brown; a fuscous-brown spot at anal angle, surmounted by a buff spot ; cilia yellowish buff. Expanse 50 millim. Heb, Juan Vinas. Rhuda dificilis, sp. n. ?. Palpi and frons mottled brown and whitish buff ; vertex, collar, and thorax brown; a fuscous-brown shade on collar in front, partly edged with white; a fuscous- brown shade on thorax near collar; patagia shaded with lilacine. Abdomen dull smoky brown above, with yellowish hairs at base, underneath yellowish. Fore wings: base and inner margin broadly dark silky olive, with a whitish patch below median at base and some white and greyish irrorations at base of inner margin; a velvety black basal line, outbent from cell to submedian and edged with whitish below cell; a darker olive-brown space on costal margin, its posterior edge shading to black, oblique from costa across cell, straight along vein 4 for half its length, upturned and slightly in- curved on costa near apex; a narrow white shade follows behind this space, crossed by a dark antemedial line on costa, and a subterminal line from vein 6-8, terminating in a black streak ; a broad roseate shade follows the white from cell to Ann. & Mag. N. Hist, Ser. 8. Vol. vii. 41 618 Mr. W. Schaus on vein 7; three fine brown postmedial lines below veins 4-2, and an angled line between 3 and 2; a postmedial black point on submedian and one below it; the outer margin shaded with brown below vein 5 and with yellow above it, crossed from below vein 7 by an irregular fine black line ; terminal white points on veins; the costal margin irrorated with white and with some fine black streaks; a geminate fuscous postmedial line above vein 6. Hind wings fuscous brown; the inner margin and cilia yellow; a small post- medial yellowish patch between veins 2 and 5. Expanse 65 mm. Hab. Avangarez. Blera modulata, sp. n. &. Palpi fuscous, fringed with grey ; head grey, mottled with brown ; collar mottled light and dark brown; thorax dark grey-brown, tufted with white behind; abdomen above dark brown, some greyish tufts at base, terminal segment white, thinly irrorated with brown, ventrally white. Fore wings dark greyish brown; a white shade at base of inner margin ; a whitish-grey shade medially on inner margin ; a fine dark basal line; antemedial fine, sinuous, black, inwardly angled on submedian ; outer line similar, incurved at vein 4 ; a subterminal white line, nearly straight from 9-5, then inset and outwardly oblique to below 4, inset on vein 3, and wavy to tornus, followed by a grey shade; a marginal black line straight from apex to vein 4 and inwardly edged with white, followed by a terminal brown shade, below vein 4 lunular, followed by white. Hind wings white; the veins outwardly and a terminal shade brown, with a white point at anal angle. Expanse 34 mm. The female only differs in having brown hind wings. Expanse 37 mm. Hab. Juan Vinas, Tuis. Allied to B. tenuzs, Schs. (2 costaricensis, Dogn.). Meragisa dejecta, sp. n. &. Head, collar, and thorax greyish green, a lateral black streak on palpi. Abdomen brownish, shading to grey, irrorated with dark brown on terminal segments ; the base with ochreous hairs. Fore wings green-grey ; a faint dark geminate line at base ; antemedial black, geminate, filled in with dark ochreous scales, finely wavily oblique from costa to median, obsolescent below cell, with a lunule above submedian and one outset below ii, very indistinct ; a whitish Fleterocera from Costa Rica, 619 line on discocellular with a dark point and some ochreous scales, preceded by a white point on subcostal; a fine, in- distinct, lunular, postmedial dark line, followed by geminate black lunules separated by ochreous scales, these lunules inwardly oblique from costa near apex, the one between 3 and 4 slightly outset; an irregular dark marginal line, forming oblique streaks from below vein 5; paired terminal black points ; cilia yellowish white. Hind wings dull brownish black; the inner margin pale yellowish; cilia yellowish white. Hxpanse 54 mm. Hab. Juan Vinas. Meragisa innoxia, sp. n. ?. Head mottled olive-grey and fuscous brown. Collar and thorax dark olive-green, thinly streaked with whitish grey. Abdomen fuscous brown, the terminal segments whitish grey. Fore wings olive-grey ; a black point at base of submedian and a fine geminate dark line, followed by a faint darker grey shade almost straight; the antemedial dark, geminate, oblique to median, inbent to submedian fold, twice outcurved below it, filled in with an indistinct whitish- grey shade from below cell ; a black streak on discocellular and a dark line on costa above it, followed by a fine dark line, oblique and angled on costa, incurved to vein 3 and again to submedian ; postmedial from costa towards apex, consisting of fine geminate black lunules separated by whitish scales, incurved to inner margin near tornus, the lunule between veins 3 and 4 outset; some darker grey shades follow the postmedial except between 3 and 4 and below submedian fold ; a submarginal black line, interrupted by veins and inwardly edged with white, nearly straight from apex to vein 3, inset below 3 and 2; terminal outcurved lunules at end of veins. Hind wings dark lilacine brown ; cilia pale yellowish, tipped with white. Expanse 46 mm. Hab. Juan Vinas. This is the only Meragisa I know without the paired terminal points on fore wings. Meragisa montana, sp. n. 3. Palpi black, fringed and tipped with grey. Head and collar streaked with reddish-brown and grey hairs; thorax more uniformly paler grey. Abdomen dark brown, ter- minally mottled reddish brown and white, the ye ts long 620 Mr. W. Schaus on lighter brown hairs. Fore wings grey, irrorated with brown ; the antemedial line brown, geminate, wavily lunular, oblique to beyond middle of inner margin ; some yellowish scales at base and traces of a faint basal line; some yellow and black scales on discocellular ; postmedial oblique on costa, below vein 8 consisting of incurved lunules, the first line black, outwardly filled with ochreous scales, inwardly oblique from veins 7-4, outset between 4 and 3, then slightly oblique, the second line brown, outwardly shaded with grey, and also a brownish shade from veins 8—4; an irregular marginal black line and paired terminal points; the inner margin shaded with brown. Hind wings dull brownish black, with light brown hairs at base and along inner margin ; cilia ochreous at base, shaded with fuscous and tipped with white. Fore wings below fuscous, the base, costa, and outer margin ochreous. Hind wings below ochreous; a broad subterminal fuscous shade. Expanse 50 mm. The female has the two postmedial lines black ; the ante- medial lines suffusing and shaded with black below cell. Expanse 54 mm. flab. Poas, 7000 feet. Meragisa siavina, sp. n. 3. Head, collar, and thorax streaked grey and brown; abdomen dorsally ochreous on two basal segments, then brownish, the two terminal segments whitish, irrorated with brown; underneath yellowish buff. Fore wings grey, thickly irrorated with brown; the usual lines indistinct brown, geminate ; a fine dark line on discocellular, faintly edged with white, preceded by a minute white spot below subcostal. Hind wings dull fuscous brown ; some buff hairs on inner margin ; cilia whitish buff. Expanse 55 mm. 9. Head and thorax greyer ; the ochreous shade at base of abdomen faint. Fore wings: the base, costal margin, and outer space grey, more thinly irrorated with brown; the middle space dark brown behind ; antemedial oblique from costa to median, geminate, fuscous brown, filled in with dark brown, sinuous and outwardly oblique below median, in- wardly angled on submedian, fine, geminate, black; the line on discocellular black ; a medial streak on costa above end of cell; a postmedial dark lunular shade, geminate and distinct on costa, only faintly indicated otherwise ; subterminal fine, black, deeply lunular, geminate, filled in with brown, and Leterocera from Costa Liea. 621 followed by brown shadings ; the marginal line very deeply incurved between the veins. Hind wings: the hairs on Inner margin brown. Expanse 58 mm, Hab. Juan Vinas. Dorit, gen. nov. 3. Antennz pectinated, but not to tips; palpi extending beyond frons, third joint small; anal hairs bifurcating. Fore wings: a tuft of hair on inner margin ; 2 from beyond middle, 8 and 4 from lower angle; 5 from above middle of discocellular; 6 from areole towards base; 7, 8, 10 from end of areole. Hind wings: veins 3 and 4 slightly apart ; 5 from near middle of discocellular ; 6 and 7 from upper angle; 8 close to 7 to near end of cell. Dottia effecta, sp. n. 3. Palpi dark brown, fringed with lilacine brown. Head, thorax, and basal tufts on abdomen lilacine brown; abdomen fuscous brown, anal hairs reddish brown. Fore wings brownish buff, darkest and tinged with lilacine to postmedial except between veins 2 and 4; a pale greenish streak at base on submedian fold and a fuscous streak at base of sub- median, both terminating at inner line, which is dark brown, fine, geminate, dentate on costa and in cell, slightly outeurved between fold and submedian, and contains a small white spot above fold; a dark brown line on discocellular, followed by a brown streak to termen between 5 and 6 and a shorter streak between 4 and 5; a fine brownish postmedial line angled beyond cell, lunular from vein 5 to inner margin, closely followed by another similar line, but which is more remote from vein 5 to costa; terminal dark brown shades from vein 3 to tornus, with a white spot between 2 and 3; a smaller white spot between 5 and 6, cilia with dark brown spots at veins. Hind wings fuscous brown, an indistinct medial buff shade; cilia yellowish, tipped with white; a dark brown shade at anal angle, crossed by a whitish oblique line. Expanse 46 mm. Hab. Banana River. Saturniade. Ormiscodes flora, sp. 0. &d. Head and thorax dark reddish brown; the patagia shaded with brown, some of the long hairs ochreous. Abdo- 622 Mr. W. Schaus on men above black, underneath brown; a lateral row of buff spots ; sublateral buff spots on segments 5 and 6. Fore wings: the basal third roseate, with an oblique dark brown shade from base of costa to inner margin; the medial space dark roseate brown ; a large irregular yellowish-white spot at end of cell, containing an irregular brown spot divided more or less by a whitish line; this discal spot is upright, and not oblique as in O. pulchricornis, Wlk. ; outer space lighter brown, with a subterminal greyish shade, followed by a roseate shade, leaving the termen from vein 2 below apex reddish brown. Hind wings brownish; the outer margin narrowly tinged with roseate. Expanse, ¢ 69, 2? 89 mm. Hab. Tuis, Juan Vinas. Dirphia horcana, sp. n. 3. Palpi, head, and thorax black, the collar and patagia faintly tinged with brown. Fore wings: the base narrowly and obliquely black from base of costa, followed by a whitish- grey space extending to middle of costa and inner margin in a sharp point, and narrow from within cell to submedian fold, streaked on costa with brown and outwardly shaded with brown, leaving a clear white terminal edge; medial space black, faintly tinged with brown, limited by a straight white outer line; a white line on median to discal spot, which consists of a large white oblique lunular spot containing an ochreous streak ; the terminal space whitish grey, shaded with brown; a fine brown line follows the outer white line, and beyond it are black streaks except between veins 4 and 5; these streaks coalesce on costa and between veins 2 and 3. Hind wings ochreous red ; a black streak on discocellular; a subterminal fuscous line; a marginal reddish-brown shade, followed by a greyish shade on termen and cilia. Expanse 78 mm. Hab. Tuis. Allied to D. horca, Dogn., and D. subhorca, Dogn. Hylesia dalina, sp. n. g. Head, collar, and thorax lilacine brown. Abdomen bright ochreous brown, with fuscous shadings dorsally at base; tarsi red. Fore wings lilacine; an antemedial brown line inwardly oblique from costa ; a broad brownish streak on discocellular ; a broad postmedial brownish line, widest on costa and inwardly oblique; a subterminal darker shade Heterocera from Costa Rica. 623 slightly outbent at vein 4; a terminal darker shade from veins 7-3. Hind wings paler, tinged with buff; a faint darker line on discocellular ; a subterminal narrow darker shade, followed by a fine indistinct dark line. Expanse 44 mm. flab. Sixola. Closely allied to Hl. alinda, Druce, but the lines do not converge on inner margin and the outer line is more remote from discocellular. Both species show considerable variation, but seem quite distinct. Lylesia rubrifrons, sp. n. 3. Palpi, frons, and hairs at base of antenne dark red ; collar and thorax dark lilacine brown; abdomen dark brown, dorsally banded with black and overlaid with ochreous hairs. Fore wings lilacine brown; the antemedial straight, dark brown, preceded by a narrow lilacine shade, and followed by a broader lilacine shade; the discal spot darker brown, followed closely by the broad darker brown postmedial, which is slightly obliques as in H. alinda, Dr., but is not followed by a pale lilacine shade; a subterminal lilacine shade from vein 5 to outer margin above tornus; a lilacine shade at apex. Hind wings lilacine; a brown spot on discocellular ; a dark postmedial line, and a broad subterminal brownish shade. Eixpanse 44 mm, Hab. Tuis. The fore wings are not falcate as in H. alinda, Dr., the lines are straighter, and the subterminal shade on hind wings is much broader. Hylesia rufipes, sp. n. 3. Palpi brown; head lilacine brown; thorax fuscous brown, mottled with lilacine-brown hairs; abdomen black above, laterally, below, and anal hairs red ; thorax below and legs red. Fore wings roseate lilacine, the veins finely olive-brown; an antemedial olive-brown line, oblique on costa, upbent on subcostal to near discocellular, then nearly straight to inner margin, inwardly shaded below sub- costal with fuscous brown, becoming wider to submedian fold; a large dark brown shade on discocellular ; a fine postmedial dark shade suffusing at vein 4 with another line remote and outcurved on costa, heavily marked below vein 4 ; a terminal dark brown shade on costa; a subterminal shade parallel to outer line to vein 4, then outcurved between 624 “Mr. W. Schaus on 4 and 8, and between 3 and 2, outbent below 2 to tornus ; a terminal brownish shade from above vein 3 to vein 7. Hind wings roseate lilacine; the inner margin shaded with brownish hairs ; a faint dark shade on discocellular; a dark postmedial line, and a subterminal fuscous shade. Hind wings below with a straight dark postmedial line from apex to inner margin, followed by a dentate fuscous shade; the termen from vein 3 to vein 6 reddish. Expanse 41 mm. Hab. Sixola. Hylesia umbrata, sp. n. &. Head, collar, and thorax dark lilacine brown, the thorax streaked with ochreous hairs; abdomen ochreous brown. Fore wings dull lilacine; the base darker limited by a brownish line angled on subcostal, and faintly incurved below cell ; a large dark shade at end of cell; the postmedial brownish shade broad, outcurved on costa, followed by a pale lilacine shade on costa, and throughout by a lilacine brown shade limited by the irregular subterminal, which is incurved between veins 6 and 4, Hind wings dull lilacine, broadly shaded with brown on inner margin; the discocellular and veins darkly streaked; a dark postmedial shade and faint subterminal line. Expanse 49 mm. Hab. Tuis, Sixola. This species is nearest H. approaimans, W|k., and shows considerable variation in the intensity of the markings, but can be recognized by the broad postmedial shade. Hylesia frigida, sp. n. g. Head, collar, and thorax black-brown ; a few ochreous hairs on thorax; abdomen black dorsally, with a few scattered ochreous hairs, lateral and anal hairs ochreous. Fore wings lilacine, the veins brownish; an indistinctly darker basal shade; a broad dark shade, crossing end of cell and enclosing a fuscous line on discocellular, its inner margin nearly straight, its outer wider and slightly excurved on costa, then inwardly oblique ; a darker subterminal shade, indistinct and irregular. Hind wings lilacine; the disco- cellular and veins darkly streaked ; a subterminal darker and very indistinct shade. Expanse 43 mm. Hab. Volcano Turrialba, 5800 ft. This species is apparently confined to the higher elevations. Ou Fleterocera from Costa Rica. 62 Hylesia annulata, sp. n. 3. Palpi light brown, streaked with dark brown behind ; frons greyish brown, edged laterally with ochreous; collar and thorax black, with a few scattered hairs; abdomen dorsally black, subdorsally golden ochreous. Fore wings brownish grey ; the inner line fuscous, inwardly shaded with greyish buff on costa, outbent in cell, limiting a light brown space in cell, inset below cell, deeply outcurved below sub- median fold, and outbent below submedian, partly shaded inwardly with light brown, where crossing a fuscous shade which extends below cell, from near base to middle of wing ; a large fuscous annular spot at end of cell filled in with light brown; the outer line fine dark brown, outwardly edged with greyish buff, indicated above vein 7 by a fine inbent dark line; the costa apically fuscous; an irregular sub- terminal brownish shade; the termen darker shaded and irrorated with olive-brown. Hind wings olive-grey ; the cell and inner area shaded with fuscous; a fuscous line on discocellular, surrounded by a vague round shade; a fuscous postmedial line and rather broad subterminal shade; some ochreous-buff hairs on inner margin. Expanse 56 mm. Hab. Sixola. Hylesia rosacea, sp. n. ¢. Head, collar, and thorax olive-brown; abdomen dark brown, covered with ochreous hairs. Fore wings roseate ; a dark olive-brown streak at base of inner margin ; the veins finely brownish on outer half; an oblique olive-brown spot on discocellular; a fine dark postmedial line; a marginal brownish shade from veins 7-3, reaching postmedial below vein 7, and tapering to vein3on outer margin. Hind wings roseate, darkest on inner margin ; a fine postmedial dark line ; a very faint postmedial fine shade. ‘The apex of fore wing is produced and somewhat falcate. Hxpanse 46 mm. ° Hab. Sixola. Hylesia hamata, sp. n. 3. Palpi brown ; head, collar, and thorax black, faintly tinged with brown ; abdomen ochreous. Fore wings with the apex faleate, dark lilacine, the apical area shaded with fuscous ; an oblique black streak from base of costa to inner margin ; a fine faint darker line on discocellular ; a fine dark postmedial line, followed by a less distinct fine subterminal 626 Mr. W. Schaus on line. Hind wings dull dark lilacine; the veins and disco- cellular finely darker; brownish hairs on inner margin; an indistinet darker postmedial line. Expanse 47 mm. Hab. 'Tuis. Near H. acuta, Druce. Ceratocampide. Othorene pollens, sp. n. 3. Body light ochreous brown above, tinged with lilacine ; abdomen underneath lilacine. Fore wings: the base and outer margin lilacine, the basal part limited by a fine black line, slightly curved, the outer margin by a fine black line from apex to inner margin at two-thirds from base; the medial area olive-brown; a small round white spot on disco- cellular. Hind wings dark red ; the costal and outer margin broadly roseate brown ; a large vague black spot at end of cell. Fore wings below: the base and discal area roseate ; a large black spot at end of cell ; the costa and apical space beyond cell light brown; a black line from costa close to apex to inner margin; the outer margin lilacine. Hind wings below lilacine; the inner margin broadly whitish buff ; a faint subterminal dark line from costa to vein 5. Expanse 75 mm. Hab. Sixola. Othorene talamanca, sp. n. 3. Body above buff-brown, underneath whitish buff. Fore wings ochreous brown, with a few black striae and irrorations ; the base and outer margin tinged with lilacine, the former limited by a fine slightly curved black line, the latter by a line from costa at apex to inner margin; a small white spot at end of cell. Hind wings ochreous brown, the discal area and inner margin dark red. Fore wings below as in O, pollens, but the black spot at end of cell much smaller. Hind wings below whitish buff, thinly irrorated with black. Expanse 78 mm. 9. Fore wings dull brown, thickly irrorated with fuscous strie ; the medial area tinged with roseate ; a vague darker shade at end of cell; the lines fine, dark brown, the outer line to middle of inner margin. Hind wings as in the male. Fore wings below brownish tinged with red on inner margin ; a large black discal spot; black strie towards apex and on outer margin. Hind wings below buff-brown, with coarse Heterocera from Costa Rica. 627 black irrorations except on inner margin, which is broadly pale buff. Eixpanse 97 mm. Hab. Sixola, Tuis. Othorene vildert, sp. n. $. Body above light ochreous brown, the thorax tinged with lilacine. Fore wings ochreous brown between the lines ; the base broadly lilacine, limited by a straight fuscous line ; the outer space lilacine, limited by a dark line from costa near apex to vein 2 medially, then angled and outbent to inner margin; a white line on discocellular, expanding posteriorly into a triangular spot; some scattered dark striz on costa and outer space. Hind wings dark red; the costal and outer margin roseate brown. Wings below similar to O. talamanca. Eixpanse 76 mm. Hab. Sixola. This species, O. pollens, and O. talamanca were all taken in March at Sixola and may be aberrant forms of one species. Adelocephala pacifica, sp. n. &. Head, collar, and thorax ochreous ; abdomen whitish buff, tinged with ochreous dorsally. Fore wings ochreous, thinly irrorated with fuscous strie#; the base tinged with lilacine, limited by a brownish line, angled on subcostal ; a round brown spot at end of cell; a fine brown line faintly sinuous from apex to inner margin beyond middle, beyond which the wing is slightly darker. Hind wings ochreous buff; the inner margin broadly red to beyond middle. The female is more thickly irrorated with fuscous; the discal spot indistinct ; the hind wings darker and only faintly tinged with roseate on inner margin. Exypanse, ¢ 50 mm. Expanse, ? 62 mm. Hab. Avangarez. Dalceride. Anacraga rebella, sp. n. Entirely lemon-yellow with a slight orange tint. Hind wings a little paler than the fore wings and somewhat translucent. Kixpanse 13 mm. One male, Banana River, Costa Rica, March 1907. 628 Mr. W. Schaus on Similar in coloration to Anacraga goes, Schaus, though much smaller and not quite so vivid a yellow. The venation differs, the centre of the cell being well retracted, making the accessory cell and lower angle appear prominent, while in goes the end of the cell is not thus retracted, but nearly straight across. Cossidee. Zeuzera comisteon, sp. Nn. Head and collar dark grey-brown; thorax white ; abdo- men buff-white above, sometimes grey, laterally grey, under- neath dark grey. Fore wings white, with transverse brownish streaks, rather widely apart; costa to near middle fuscous brown with black spots; costa beyond with black spots, the largest postmedially ; cell for more than half from base brownish ; a similar patch below end of cell; a brownish shade from within cell, along vein 4 to near termen emitting above and below thicker streaks ; a terminal brownish patch between 6 and 7; terminal brown spots at ends of veins extending on to cilia. Hind wings greyish white, with faint grey strice; the inner margin darker grey ; terminal dark spots at end of veins. Expanse 37-60 mm. Hab. Sixola, Tuis, La Florida. Psychonoctua terrafirma, sp. n. &. Head and collar mottled buff-brown, the latter edged posteriorly with grey ; thorax mottled grey and brown, with dark brown tufts behind; abdomen grey. Fore wings buff-grey, with fine brown and black reticulations, the heaviest marked along inner margin ; basal third of costa, cell space below it, and a shorter shade below cell dark brown shaded with black; a small black spot on discocellular. Hind wings buff-white; dark brown spots on cilia at end of veins. Expanse 34-57 mm. flab. Sixola, La Florida. Hemipecten gaudeator, sp. 0. 3. Palpi black, tipped with light brown; frons brown; vertex and collar in front black; collar otherwise and thorax white, thinly irrorated with black ; abdomen grey to fuscous brown above. Fore wings whitish, thickly suffused with fuscous grey and brown, and crossed by dark grey striae; a Feterocera from Costa Tica. 629 narrow white space at base; a vague antemedial fuscous shade; a large buff-brown space on terminal area from veins 2-9, inwardly finely edged with dark velvety brown, above and below more broadly so, and outwardly broadly edged with reddish brown ; this space contains a broad dark brown band, incurved from vein 8, and suffusing with brown outer margin between veins 4 and 5. Hind wings dark brown with indistinct dark reticulations; cilia light brown, spotted with dark brown. Expanse 69 mm. Hab. Tuis. Hemipecten alfare, sp. n. gd. Head, collar, and thorax whitish grey, thinly irrorated with black, some reddish brown on thorax posteriorly. Fore wings whitish grey, whitest on costal and inner margins ; the costa medially finely dark grey, and with short down- ward grey strize, and upward strize from subcostal ; the inner margin crossed by numerous brown lines, and others across middle of wing, but further apart, the medial and line at end of cell broader; the lines on postmedial area between 2 and 5 suffusing ; a round velvety black-brown spot subterminally between 6 and 8, and a smaller dark brown spot nearer termen between 3 and 4; a narrow steel-grey terminal shade. Hind wings light brown. Expanse 36 mm. Hab. Tuis. Named after Mr. Alfara, Director of the Museum in San José. Givira amanosa, sp. n. Palpi fuscous brown ; frons buff; vertex and collar dark brown, the latter edged behind with lighter brown; thorax light brown, with dark lines and shadings ; abdomen fuscous brown, with pale transverse lines. Fore wings: base brown ; antemedial dark brown spots coalescing, the spot in cell more remote from base, outwardly edged with buff, and followed by buff-brown on costa and in cell, and a large olive-brown spot below cell; the median space constricted below cell, bifurcating on inner margin, brown, spotted with buff on costa; outer portion of wing below vein 5 dark brown, with three round light brown spots between 2 and 3, one near cell between 3 and 4, and also between 4 and 5; terminal light brown shades between 3 and 5, enclosing dark brown terminal spots at veins 3 and 4; light brown semilunar spots on inner margin ; a broad dark brown space beyond cell from costa to 630 Mr. W. Schaus on vein 5, followed by a narrow buff shade, and three small dark spots; the terminal space light brown, with a large sub- terminal irregular dark spot from costa to vein 6, emitting branches, of which two extend to vein 5; marginal buff lines, forming terminal spots. Hind wings fuscous brown, with darker spots medially below costa, and a broad postmedial shade, narrowing towards vein 2 ; pale marginal lines forming terminal spots. Expanse 45 mm. Hab. Tuis, Limon. Givira morosa, sp. n. Head, collar, and thorax mottled lilacine brown and viola- ceous black ; abdomen buff-brown, irrorated with dark brown and black scales, the base and terminal segment violaceous black. Fore wings chiefly steel-grey, reticulated with black- brown ; the inner margin narrowly, a basal shade below cell, a large shade about discocellular, and subterminal shade, except between veins 5 and 6, tinged with buff-brown ; an inwardly oblique thick black antemedial line from median to vein 14; cilia with alternate fuscous-grey and brownish spots. Hind wings whitish, finely reticulated with brown ; the inner margin broadly brownish ; cilia grey-brown at base, terminally white interrupted by dark spots. Hixpanse 37 mm. Hab. Juan Vinas. Givira fidelis, sp. n. Head, collar, and thorax violaceous brown, irrorated with white ; abdomen more reddish brown, irrorated with white. Fore wings: base, costal and inner margins, and median vein lilacine brown, crossed by darker brown strize ; a velvety black line along inner margin from near base to beyond middle; a space below cell and postmedial line to subterminal more thinly scaled fuscous grey, with short darker striz across the veins; a subterminal black line, curved and parallel with termen; the outer margin silvery grey, with a few black streaks and a line before apex; cilia light reddish brown. Hind wings fuscous grey, thinly scaled in discal and postmedial area; some indistinct darker strie; a greyish marginal shade below vein 2; cilia light reddish brown. Expanse 33 mm. Hab. Avangarez. Fleterocera from Costa Rica. 631 Givira tigrata, sp. n. Palpi reddish brown; frons buff-brown ; vertex and collar in front reddish brown; collar behind and thorax whitish buff, with transverse reddish-brown shades ; abdomen light reddish brown, with transverse whitish-buff lines. Fore wings ochreous, crossed by reddish-brown spots and short thick lines partly edged with pale golden scales; some small basal spots followed by larger coalescing spots, darker below cell; three antemedial small spots, on costa, in cell, and below cell, and geminate spots above and below 14; a large medial darker spot across costa and end of cell, and a similar spot from below end of cell to inner margin, the two some- times coalescing and forming a broad band ; a broad post- medial line from 7-2, followed by short lines, and a broken subterminal ; broad terminal streaks on outer margin down bent and outwardly oblique. Hind wings ochreous, with indistinct darker transverse strie. Expanse 30 mm. Hab. Juan Vinas, Tuis. Lentagena tristant, sp. n. Head and thorax grey, streaked with brownish hairs; a darker brown-grey shade posteriorly on thorax; abdomen grey, banded with fuscous. Fore wings whitish, shaded with grey postmedially, and reticulated with fine darker grey lines ; the costal margin, base of cell, inner margin, and apex shaded with brown; a fine brown streak on discocellular; a broad dark brown streak medially above submedian ; reti- culations on outer margin more heavily marked, dark brown ; dark brown shades on cilia atend of veins. Hind wings semihyaline whitish grey ; the margins, veins, and some strize brown. Expanse 39 mm. Hab. Juan Vinas, Tuis, Sixola. Named after Prof. Tristan, of San José, who has assisted greatly in a knowledge of the fauna of Costa Rica. Trigena crassa, sp. n. 3. Body mottled dark steel-grey and brown, the abdomen somewhat irrorated with white. Fore wings dark steel-grey, irrorated with light brown; a fine subbasal black line; a heavier marked antemedial line, bifurcating in cell, the inner line inbent towards inner margin ; a fine postmedial line and a more distinctly marked subterminal line, thickening in places and emitting curved lines to termen; some whitish 632 Mr. W. Schaus on mottlings on postmedial area from vein 3 to costa. Hind wings white; a broad fuscous shade from base to outer margin near inner margin. Iixpanse 46 mm. Hab. Sixola. Closely allied to J. parilis, Schs. Cossus infantilis, sp. n. 3. Body fuscous brown, the collar and thorax mottled with white. Fore wings brown; a white spot on disco- cellular ; a fine postmedial and subterminal fuscous-brown line, each emitting downwardly oblique branches; some greyish shadings on branches of subterminal. Hind wings fuscous brown. Expanse 20 mm. Hab. Esperanza. Cossus nina, sp. 0. Head and thorax whitish grey, with some dark irrorations ; Abdomen grey, palest on terminal half, and banded with fuscous. Fore wings grey; a whitish shade at end of cell and between veins 2 and 4; a few fine velvety black striz, forming a medial line, which crosses a darker grey spot above inner margin; a postmedial line from vein 8 to tornus, followed by a subterminal line inbent from near apex to vein 5. Hind wings dark grey. Expanse 38 mm. Hab. Sixola. Hypopta cinerea, sp. n. Head and thorax brown, mottled with buff hairs ; abdomen reyish buff, faintly banded with fuscous. Fore wings greyish buff, thickly covered with brownish stri#; subterminally a small brownish spot between 4 and 5, and 6 and 7, both very indistinct, geminate darker spots at end of veins; cilia dark brown, with faint intervenal greyish-buff spots. Hind wings similar ; the inner margin broadly brownish. Expanse 39 mm. Hab. Sixola. Cossula albicosta, sp. n. Body brown, thickly mottled with white hairs, giving it a grey appearance. Fore wings: the costal margin to near apex whitish, crossed by a few dark striz near base; the inner margin finely white to beyond middle; space below Heterocera from Costa fica. 633 cell and vein 2 brown, crossed by whitish-buff striz; cell and outer space above vein 2 dark grey, becoming whitish on termen, and crossed by darker grey stria ; vein 2 entirely, veins 3-6 terminally white ; cilia olive-brown tipped with white. Hind wings thinly scaled, grey, with darker striz ; the termen finely and cilia at base olive-brown; the margiu greyish buff. Expanse 385 mm. Hab. Juan Vinas, El Sitio. Cossula ? cerulescens, sp. n. Palpi crimson; frons reddish brown; vertex and collar velvety black; thorax silky steel-black; abdomen black, tinged with dark blue ; anus crimson ; thorax below crimson ; legs black. Fore wings silky steel-black, with velvety black streaks, chiefly across costal and inner margins ; a velvety black patch across middle of cell, extending slightly below it, a broad subterminal dull black band from vein 9, curving to outer margin between 4 and 5, inwardly shaded with red, and followed by a broader red shade crossed by a black line. Hind wings dark silky blue; the cilia partly white; wings below dark silky blue; the outer margin of fore wings with irregular red markings. Hixpanse 64 mm. Hab. Tuis, Juan Vinas. PSYCHOGENA, gen. nov. Antenne dentate, with short bristles; legs and tarsi with ridges of long hairs above ; abdomen long and slight ; lateral tufts of hairs on terminal segments. Fore wings long and narrow, the outer margin oblique ; vein 2 just beyond middle of cell; 3 near end of cell; 4 and 5 separate ; 6 from near upper angle; 7 and 8 stalked; 9 and 10 free. Hind wings triangular, the outer margin incurved ; the anal angle pro- duced ; 2, 3, 4, and 5 apart; 6 and 7 stalked. Psychogena miranda, sp. n. 3. Palpi, vertex, collar, and patagia black; frons and thorax dark brown ; abdomen dorsally brown, laterally black, terminally mottled with buff-white. Fore wings dull light brown ; the base rather broadly black, expanding on inner margin, and crossed by an irregular basal brown line ; black reticulations on costa, inner margin, subterminal area, and medially, and a large black spot medially below vein 2; a Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. vii. 42 634 Mr. E. Schwarz on large black spot at and beyond end of cell reaching costa ; the apex broadly brown-black, the outer margin more narrowly so; terminal light brown spots between the veins. Hind wings black, faintly tinged with brown. Expanse 37 mm, Hab. Tuis. Psychide. Plateceticus costaricensis, sp. 1. $. Body and wings fuscous grey, tinged with brown, especially on basal two-thirds of fore wings, the veins darkest. Veins all present; 4 and 5 on fore wings on long stalk, shortly stalked on hind wings. Expanse 34 mm. Hab. Juan Vinas, Cachi. LXXIV.—Seven new Asiatic Mammals, with Note on the “‘ Viverra fasciata ” of Gmelin. By Ernst SCHWARZ. In preparing a revision of the Indian Viverride, I have recently had occasion to examine a number of specimens in various Museums. Among them I found several new species, the first of which is Paradoxurus celebensts, sp. n. A Paradoxure of the P. javanicus-group, most nearly allied to P. javanitcus, but coloured somewhat like P. setosus of Ceram. Skull much as in P. javanicus; rostrum shorter and narrower ; intertemporal constriction shorter and less deep. Brain-case very narrow, especially behind. Bullee similar to those in P. javanicus, wide apart, but_ much smoother, much smaller than in P. setosus, not inflated between carotic canal and foramen lacerum posterius. Opening of posterior nares long and narrow as in P. setosus. Cheek-teeth similar to those of P. javanicus, somewhat smaller and less complex, protocone and metacone of p* strongly developed. Back golden yellow, suffused with black and with three very faint longitudinal black lines. Limbs black and also tail except at the base and the white tip. Black face- markings reaching back behind the eyes, sharply distinguished a new Asiatic Mammals. 635 from the narrow whitish frontal band. Occiput black and sharply defined from the light frontal band, so differing from the majority of specimens of P, javanicus, where the light frontal band is very broad and gradually passes into the grey occiput, Dimensions of type (measured on the mounted skin) :— Head and body 505 mm.; tail 405, Skull; basilar length 101; zygomatic breadth 58 ; width of brain-case at squamosal 35°2; palatilar length 46°8 ; mastoid width 37; intertemporal constriction 17; length of upper tooth-row from front of ¢ to back of mg (alv.) 40°5 ; pa length 8°5, greatest oblique diameter 10:1. Type. Old male. Dresden Museum: No. B 1568 (mounted skin); B1534 (skull); (old catalogue No. 2086); from Messrs. Ribb and Kiihn, Type locality. Bonthain, 8,E. Celebes, Paradoxurus cochinensis, sp. n. A small species related to P, hermaphroditus of Siam, but with a different skull and dentition. Skull with very short intertemporal constriction as in P. milleri from Tioman, Bulle very short, rounded in front, and inflated between carotic canal and foramen lacerum posterius. Cheek-teeth small, Py complex; postero-internal ledge narrow, paracone rather small. Upper parts light silvery grey with a slight reddish hue, Three narrow dark brown longitudinal stripes, clearly made up of coalescing spots. Light frontal band narrow, sharply distinguished from the dark occiput. Limbs, terminal three- quarters of tail, chin, and throat brown. Underfur dark brownish. (“‘l'ype specimen.’’) In a specimen from Nhatrang, Annam, in the British Museum, and in another from Song-Coy, district of Moy, Annam, kindly lent by Prof. Trouessart of Paris, the colour is entirely different, although in the Paris specimen the skull is like the type skull ; the Nhatrang skull is too young for comparison. I append the description of the Paris specimen, which is very similar to the Nhatrang one :— Upper parts an indefinite whitish yellow, with five longi- tudinal rows of black spots. Limbs and tail, except at the base, black. Style of markings as in the type. Underfur dark greyish brown, The identity of these apparently very different colour-phases, which are not quite uncommon in Paradoxures, is proved by the skull above described. Skull (of type): basilar length 91 mm.; zygomatic 42* 636 Mr. E. Schwarz on breadth 56°5 ; width of brain-case at squamosal 35; palatilar length 45; mastoid width 34; intemporal constriction 12 ; length of upper tooth-row (c—mz) 36; p,4, length 8; greatest oblique diameter 9. Type. British Museum, no. 78.6. 17.13. Type locality. Saigon, Cochin China. Three specimens examined. Paradoxurus exitus, sp. n- A small species, very nearly related to P. cochinensis, of which it is a local representative, but with a slightly different skull and dentition. Skull similar to that of P. cochinensis from Cochin China and Annam but smaller. Brain-case becoming narrower anteriorly, and gradually passing into the intertemporal constriction, which is not sharply set off as in P. cochinensis. Bulle short, rounded in front, and strongly inflated between carotic canal and foramen lacerum posterius, as in the last species. 4 with the paracone reduced as in cochénensts, but with much shorter metacone and better developed postero- internal ledge. From P. philippinensis, which resembles it superficially, it is distinguished at once by the structure of the p, and the inflation of the bulla between the carotic canal and the foramen lacerum posterius. Type. Old female. Royal Zoological Museum, Berlin. Original no. 17. Collected by Mr. Lehmann. Measurements of skull (of type) :— Basilar length 84 mm.; zygomatic breadth 55 ; width of brain-case at squamosal 34; palatilar length 43; mastoid width 38°6 ; intertempora! constriction 12°5 ; length of upper tooth-row (c-m,) 35; 4, length 7°5, greatest oblique diameter 9. Type locality. Fumui, east of Canton, China. Specimens examined: one, the type, skeleton only. This is the first record of a true Paradoxurus from the mainland of China. Arctictis pagel, sp. ne Distinguished by the shape and size of its cheek-teeth and bulle. External characters as in A. binturong. - Skull more delicate than in A. binturong, with short and broad palate. Bulle wide apart, narrow, with a sharp longi- tudinal edge above, and not inflated between carotic canal new Astatic Mammals. 637 and foramen lacerum postertus, Profile of skull as A. din- turong. Cheek-teeth extremely reduced, small, and rounded. P, rounded, with a very small protocone ; m, much smaller than py, with the inner half much narrower than the outer, A. pageli differs as much from A. dinturong (Raffl.) from Further India, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, and Java, as it does from A. white, Allen, from Palawan (photographs of which have been kindly forwarded by Prof, J. A. Allen, of New York). In A. dinturong (type locality: Malacca) the bulls are strongly inflated between carotic canal and the foramen lacerumn posterius; in the specimens of A, whiter available for examination the occipital region is broken, so that a comparison of the bulle is impossible. But the differences in the structure of the cheek-teeth are evident enough, and show the distinctness of the three species. In A. binturong p, is distinctly triangular; in A. white? it is obtusely oval (or better pentagonal) and much broader than long ; in A. pageli it is very obtusely triangular and much reduced. Dimensions af type :— Head and body 960 mm. ; tail 890. (Taken from the dried skin.) Skull: basilar length 120; zygomatic width 77°5; mas- toid width 54°1; palatilar length 69°5; intertemporal con- striction 36; length of upper tooth-row (c—m,) 40; py, length 7-5, greatest oblique diameter 7:9. Type. Female adult. Royal Zoological Museum, Berlin : A. 85.10.49. Collected by Dr. Pagel, Type locality, Sandakan, N. Borneo, Specimens examined from La Datu, N. Borneo, and from Sarawak. Viverricula pallida taivana, subsp, An insular representative of Viverricula pallida, Gray, from Southern China, chiefly distinguished from it by its shorter coat, more definite markings, brighter ground-colour, and smaller, quite differently shaped bulle. Pelage much shorter thanin V, pallida, but still longer than in V. malaccensis or rasse. Consequently the markings are much more distinct. Ground-colour of upper parts abont Ridgway’s “ cream-colour,” whereasin V. pallida it is some- where between “ ochraceous buff” and ‘ buff.” Longitudinal dorsal stripes “ seal-brown” ; neck suffused ‘ cream-colour ’? and ‘‘seal-brown” ; chin white. A dark transverse stripe on throat usually present. Chest blackish brown ; belly dirty 638 Mr. BE. Schwarz on yellowish. Hands and feet blackish brown. Tail with nine very narrow blackish-brown rings and as many whitish ones, including the long pure white tip. I had long suspected the Formosa “ Rasse” to be a separate form, but only now describe it from a good series of specimens in the Berlin Museum. I am much indebted to Prof. Matschie for the privilege of describing this form, which he himself had recognized to be new, when the specimens arrived at Berlin. Dimensions of type (taken from the dried skin) :— Head and body 670 mm. ; tail-vertebree 350; hind foot 8. Skull: basilar length 96; zygomatic width 49; mastoid width 34; palatilar length 49°5; length of upper tooth-row (c-m;) 39; intertemporal constriction 13°4; distance of bullae from one another (anteriorly) 11. Type. Male, old. Royal Zoological Museum, Berlin: no. A, 243.10. Original no. 26512. Collected by Mr. H. Sauter. Type locality. Teraso, Formosa. Eleven specimens examined, all from Teraso. On Viverra fasciata, Gmelin. Gmelin’s description of Viverra fasciata (Syst. Nat. vol. i. p- 92, 1788) was based on the description and figure of an animal called “‘ Le Chat Sauvage a bandes noires des Indes” by Sonnerat in his ‘ Voyage aux Indes Orientales et a la China’ (vol. ii. p. 143, pl. 90) (Paris, 1782). The description and figure clearly show that it is the species now usually ealled Galidictis striata (Desm.). In his ‘ Mammalogie’ (1820), Desmarest changed the name into Viverra striata without any reason, quoting Sonnerat and Gmelin in the synonymy. In the same work he used the name Viverra fasciata himself, but in quite another sense, applying it to an animal which can now be identified with the Paradoxurus of southern Malay Peninsula, for which it is very suitable, but unfortunately cannot be used, being preoccupied as shown above. The fact that Sonnerat’s “Chat Sauvage’ was stated to be from India is of no importance, as the same expedition procured other animals from Madagascar. Galidictis fasciata (Gmelin), 1788. Syn. Chat Sauvage a bandes nowres des Indes, Sonnerat, /. c. (1782) (figured). Le Putois Rayé de l’ Inde, Buffon, Hist. Nat. Suppl. vol. vii. p. 231 (same figure as Sonnerat’s, but uncoloured) (1788). Viverra fasciata, Gmelin, 7. c. (1788). Viverra striata, Desmarest, J. c. p. 210 (1820). Galidictis striata (Desm.), auct. new Asiatic Mammals. 639 In working out a collection of Mammals from the Malay Archipelago, brought together by Dr. J. Elbert, the following two species have been found to need description :— Scturus elberte, sp. n. A pale-coloured member of the Scvurus leucomus-group. General effect of upperside between “olive” and ‘ raw umber ”’ (Ridgway), with a creamy-buff tinge on head; hairs with narrow blackish and broader pale rings of a shade nearly approaching “ Naples yellow” No. 2 or 3 (‘ Réper- toire des Couleurs’). Underside “ ochraceous buff” (Ridgew.), in a second specimen between “ ochraceous buff”’ and “ ochra- ceous.” Hands, feet, and sides of muzzle ‘ cream-buff.” Tail more brownish than back, diffusely blackish at. tip. Tips of long tail-hairs ‘‘ creamy white” ‘ Répertoire des Couleurs’). Underfur “ olive-grey ” (Ridgw.). Skull. Rostrum short and nearly parallel-sided; nasals narrow behind, suddenly broadening anteriorly, and strongly convex transversely. Compared with a skull of S. mowew- ensis, Roux, from Bau-Bau, Buton, the palate is much narrower, the teeth smaller but similar in structure. Opening of posterior nares broader and with a distinct median spine which is absent in mowewensis. Bulle smaller and narrower. Measurements of skull (type) :— Palatilar length 14°5 mm. ; palate, breadth outside m, 9°6 ; least width of rostrum 7; nasals 10°6x6°6; breadth across postorbital processes 20°9; mandible (alveolar point to con- dyle) 23; length of upper tooth-row 7:9, of lower tooth- row 8. Type. Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt-a.-M,; no. 721, Original number 227. Collected by Dr. J. Elbert. Type locality. Kempuhu, Hast Kabaéna, ‘l'wo specimens examined, Apart from its small size, this handsome squirrel is at once distinguished by its pale colour. It gives me great pleasure to associate with it the name of Mrs. Elbert, who accompanied her husband during his expedition. Acanthion sumbawe, sp. n. Smaller than A. javanicum and with a very different skull. Externally very much like A. yavanicum, somewhat paler on neck and anterior portion of back, the brown with a slight purplish hue. Spines of posterior back with more black, usually with black or very short white tips. Skull. Squamosal region of brain-case narrower when 640 On new Asiatic Mammals. compared with A. javanicum, intertemporal constriction well- maiked, orbital region wider ; rostrum conical, much broa‘ler than in A, javanicum, its lateral outline gradually passing into that of the zygoma. Nasals narrower anteriorly, only broadening at their posterior end, When viewed in profile, the zygomatic process of the maxillary is seen to be placed more vertically, and to be shorter and broader. Lambdoid crest rising in a straight line, not bent backwards. — Infra- orbital foramen much smaller and more oval, not so distinctly triangular as in A. javanicum. Outline of occiput trapezoid, not inflected below as in A. javanicum, as the paroccipital processes are very broad and long, their tips depending somewhat below condyle, whereas in A. javanicum they are in a line with it, or even above that line. Zygoma much narrower, so partly causing the shape of the infraorbital foramen described above. Opening of posterior nares narrower. Posterior portion of palate narrower, anterior portion shorter and broader than in A. gavanicum. Bulle very much flatter. Lateral margins of basioccipital not curved as in A. javanicum. Skull measurements of type :— Basal length 98 mm. ; occipito-nasal length 109; length of frontals 37; length of parietals 34; length of nasals 39°5 ; breadth of nasals anteriorly 19; breadth of nasals posteriorly 25; palatal length 51; palatal width (inside m,) 8; width of zygomatie arches (sutura zygomatico-maxillaris) 56°5 ; width of zygomatic arches (greatest) 60 ; interorbital width (lacrymal) 44; interorbital width (proc. postorb.) 40°5; intertemporal constriction 36 ; length of bulla 18; diastema 30; length of upper tooth-row (alv.) 24; distance of tips of paroccipital processes from each other 41; ‘ upper” breadth of occiput 20°5; distance from basion to highest point of occipital crest 31. Type. Old temale. Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt-a.-M.: no. 833. Original number 301. Collected by Dr. J. Elbert. Type locality. Dompu, Sumbawa. ‘his species is readily distinguished from A. javanicum, its geographical neighbour, by the different shape of the occiput, its flat bull, and smaller size. Photographs of the skull will be published later, together with a complete list of Dr. Elbert’s collections. In compiling these notes I have been most liberally assisted by Mr, O. ‘thomas, London ; Prof. Matschie, Berlin ; Prof. rouessart, Paris; Prof. Allen, New York; and Prof. Jacobi, Dresden. I gladly take this opportunity to thank them most heartily. On Sia new Fruit-bats. 641 LXXV.—Six new Fru/t-bats of the Genera Macroglossus and Syconycteris. By KNuD ANDERSEN. I. The Species and Subspecies of Macroglossus. All known forms of Macroglossus are referable to two species, M. minimus and M. lagochilus. In the former the nares are directed more outward than forward, and the median vertical groove on the upper lip (the continuation of the internarial groove) is obsolescent or absent ; in the latter the nares are directed half outward, half forward, and the median vertical groove on the upper lip is sharply defined. M. minimus ranges from Java eastward to Timor, west and north-westward to Sumatra, the Malay Peninsula, Siam, Burma, and Darjeeling. MM. lagochilus covers the whole of Austro-Malaya (thus far no record from the Gilolo group) and extends west to the Philippines and Borneo. The two species appear nowhere to occur together. The name JZ. minimus, as hitherto understood, covers two distinct forms. In the one (MZ. m. minimus) the rostrum is, both absolutely and relatively, shorter, being slightly less than one-third of the total length of the skull, and all measurements (skull, tooth-rows, external dimensions) average conspicuously smaller ; in the other (J. m. sobrinus, subsp. n.) the rostrum is longer, slightly more than one- third of the skull, and all- measurements average larger. The former (mtnimus) is, so far, known with certainty only from Java (including Madura) and Kangean Islands, and 1s probably the truly indigenous Javan race of the species, whereas the latter (sobrinus) may be presumed originally to have been confined to S.H. Asia, whence (as soon as altered physical conditions favoured an extension of its area south- eastward) it has spread to Sumatra and Java; even now the predominant form in Java seems to be minimus. Since sobrinus (if this hypothesis is correct) has spread south- - eastward to Java, it is by no means unlikely that minimus has extended its range westward to Sumatra and, perhaps, to the Malay Peninsula, but as yet there is no conclusive evidence that such is the case. . A line drawn north-south between the Moluccas and New Guinea divides the area inhabited by M. lagochilus into a western and eastern half. ‘he islands of the western half— viz., Borneo, the Philippines, Sanghir Islands, Celebes, and the Amboina group—are occupied by one race (M. /, lago- chilus) in which the premolars and molars are not more reduced in breadth than in M. minimus ; those of the eastern 642 ~ Mr. K. Andersen on half—viz., Mysol, New Guinea, the Bismarck Archipelago, Key, Aru, Torres Straits, and Solomon Islands—by three races (M/. 1. nanus, pygmeus, and microtus ; the two latter new), which, all taken together, are characterized, as against M. 1. lagochilus, by still narrower cheek-teeth, and distin- guishable from each other by average differences in the length of the rostrum or size of the ears. The new forms may be briefly diagnosed as follows :— Macroglossus minimus sobrinus, subsp. n. Averaging conspicuously larger than MM. m. minimus, and with relatively longer rostrum. Skull, lambda to gnathion 28°5-29°5 mm. (in A. m. minimus 24°8-27°5), rostrum, orbit to nares 9°5-10°5 (7°8-8°8), forearm 42-48°5 (40- 44:5). Type. 2 ad. skin with skull, Gunong Igari, Perak ; March, 1898; presented by A. L. Butler, Esq., B.M. 98. 11. 29.1. Total number of specimens examined, twenty-six (compared with forty of J/. m. minimus). Macroglossus lagochilus pygmaeus, subsp. n. As M. l. nanus, but rostrum relatively a little shorter, from orbit to nares 6°8 mm. (against 7°5-8°5 in nanus). Type. & ad. al. with skull, Mer, Murray Is., Torres Straits, presented by Professor A. C. Haddon, B.M. 99. 9. 10. 1. ‘wo specimens examined, both from Murray Is. Macroglossus lagochilus microtus, subsp. n. Similar to M/. @. pygmeus, but ears relatively smaller ; length from orifice 11-12°5 mm. (in nanus and pygmaeus 12°5-13°5), breadth of flattened ear 8—8°5 (9-95). Type. @ ad. al. with skull, Aola, Guadalcanar, Solomon Is., collected by C. M. Woodford, Eisq., B.M. 88.1. 5. 14. ‘Three specimens examined, from the islands of Florida and Guadalcanar. II. The Species and Subspecies of Syconycteris. Seven recognizable forms, referable to three closely related species, are now known, viz., S. crassa (with five local races), australis, and natas (sp. n.). In S. crassa the cheek-teeth are elongate in transverse section (p', m1, p,, and m, more than half as broad as long), and m? and m; are always present (cheek-teeth 2) ; the species ranges over the whole of the Stix new Fruit-bats. 643 Amboina and New Guinea groups of islands, except Wood- lark Is. In S. australis (Queensland) and S. natas (Wood- lark Is.) the cheek-teeth are linear (as in Macroglossus ; p*, m’, py, and m, only half as broad as long). ‘he former is in every other respect similar to the New Guinea race (papuana) of S. crassa, whereas S. naias differs by having lost the small posterior molar above and below (cheek- teeth 2). The five subspecies of S. crassa differ from each other only in general size or in the length of the tooth-rows, Speci- mens from New Guinea and the Aru Islands (8. ¢. papuana) are of medium size ; those from the Key Islands (8S. ¢c. key- ensis, subsp. n.) have somewhat shorter tooth-rows, those from the Bismarck Archipelago (S. ¢. finscht) average a little smaller; finally, east (Trobriand and D’Entrecasteaux Islands: S.c. crassa) and even more so west (Amboina group : S. c. major, subsp. n.) of New Guinea the size of the animals is noticeably increased, though not more so but that there is still no absolutely hard-and-fast line between papuana and crassa, nor between crassa and major. Subjoined brief preliminary diagnoses of the new forms:— Syconycterts crassa keyensis, subsp. n. Similar in every respect to S. c. papuana, except for the slightly shorter tooth-rows : c-m? (crowns) about 7 mm. as against 7°6—-8°8 in papuana. Type. § ad. al. with skull, Key Is. (purchased), B.M. 99. 12.4. 2. T'wo specimens examined, both from Key Is. Syconycteris crassa major, subsp. n. As 8S. ¢. crassa, but averaging conspicuously larger. Skull, total length 28°8-29°8 mm. (25—28'8 in all other forms of the species taken together), c-m* (crowns) 8°8-9°7 (7—8°8) forearm 46-49 (39-47). Type. § ad. al. with skull, Amboina, presented by Bo Mur, Msgs, BM. 10.7. 25. 1. Five examples examined, from Amboina and Ceram. ? Syconycteris natas, sp. n. As 8S. australis, with the cheek-teeth as narrow (linear) as in that species, but m? and m; absent. ‘ Type. ¢ ad.al. with skull, Woodlark Is., collected by A. S. Meek, B.M. 96.11. 5. 29. 644 Mr. A. H. Clark on a new ~ LXXVI.—A new Unstalked Crinoid from Christmas Island, By Austin Hopart CLARK. WHILE visiting the British Museum recently I found among the collections there a curious little comasterid which had been obtained at Christmas Island. I urged Professor Bell to describe it in order that I might mention it in my report upon the ‘ Investigator’ crinoids, but with his characteristic generosity he suggested that it would be more fitting were I to do it, as I had become so deeply engrossed in the study of these animals. This little comasterid represents a new species of the genus Comissia, a genus including eight species, occurring from South-eastern Africa to Ceylon and thence eastward to the Philippine Islands, all of which have been described since the publication of the ‘ Challenger’ report. The species of the genus Comissia never have more than ten arms; the cirri are always numerous and well-developed, and the distal cirrus segments always bear spines or tubercles on the dorsal surface, this serving to differentiate them at once from the species of Comatula and Cominia, the cirri of which are invariably smooth. Comissia has no very close relatives in the Hast Indian region, though it falls in the same subfamily, Capillasterine, as Capillaster and Comatella, but in the West Indies it is represented by the allied Leptonemaster and Comatilia. The species of Comissia are all sublittoral, occurring between 17 and 100 fathoms ; though none of them inhabit water of any great depth, none have ever been found at the surface. The new form described below differs somewhat abruptly from all the others in the genus in the great length of the teeth of the comb on the earlier pinnules, and by the large proportion of pinnulars occupied by the comb. It may be described as follows :— Comissta pectinifer, sp. n. Description.—Centrodorsal moderately large, with a mode- rately large flat dorsal pole and three closely crowded marginal rows of cirrus sockets. Cirri xxxiv. 14-16 (usually 16), 14 mm. long; the eighth is a transition segment; the longer proximal,segments are nearly twice as long as broad, slightly constricted centrally ; Unstalked Crinoid from Christmas Island. 645 the two segments preceding the penultimate are squarish to one-third broader than long ; the outer segments (beyond the transition segment) are very highly polished and bear small dorsal tubercles. The ten arms are about 90 mm. long ; the elements of the IBr series appear in external view to be united by syzygy, and are well separated laterally ; the arms resemble those of Comissia liitkent; the brachials overlap rather strongly. The distal intersyzygial interval is usually three oblique muscular articulations. P, to py provided with combs; p, is about 12 mm. long, and has a comb with about twenty-five exceptionally long teeth; the comb of p, has fifteen or sixteen teeth, beyond which extends a toothless tip ; only nine segments of p, are not supplied with teeth. Hab. Christmas Island; the type is in the British Museum. The other known species of the genus Comissia are :— Comissia ignota, A. H. Clark: Amirante Islands; 17 fathoms. Comissia peregrina (Bell): Macclesfield Bank; 55-60 fathoms. Comissia litkent, A. H. Clark: Philippine Islands; 49-74 fathoms, Comissia dumetum, A. H. Clark: Philippine Islands ; 58 fathoms. Comissia hispida, A. H. Clark: Philippine Islands; 51 fathoms. Comissia horridus, A. H. Clark: Philippine Islands; 58 fathoms. Comissia settulus, A. H. Clark: Philippine Islands; 58 fathoms. Comissia sp. (tigured, as a ten-armed specimen of Coman- thus parvicirra, in Chadwick, ‘ Rep. Ceylon Pearl Oyster Fisheries,’ Part i1., Supplementary Report xt., plate, fig. 13) ; Ceylon; about 100 fathoms. 646 Bibliographical Notice. BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTICE. A Swedish Expedition to Kilimanjaro. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Schwedischen Zoologischen Eupedition nach dem Kilimandjaro, dem Meru und den Umgebenden Massar- steppen, Deutsch-Ostafrikas, 1905-1906, unter Leitung von Prof. Dr. Yngve Sjostedt. Band I. Abteilung 1-7, pp. 848, 31 plates ; Band II. Abteilung 8-14, pp. 844, 19 plates; Band IT. Ab- teilung 15-22, pp. 636, 37 plates. Stockholm: Palmquist’s Aktiebolag, 1910. Dr. Yneve Ssisrept, of the Stockholm Natural History Museum, after his return from a short zoological excursion in West Africa, was inspired with an intense desire to make a detailed zoological survey of the mightiest African mountain and the surrounding district. A patriotic Swede, Herr Gustaf Palmquist, generously provided all the necessary funds, and in April 1905 Dr. Sjéstedt left Stockholm for Africa, accompanied by his taxidermist. He landed again in Sweden in August 1906 with enormous collections of almost every class of animal; some idea of the size of the collec- tions is given by the following statistics :—they formed 187 coolie loads, and comprised 59,000 specimens, referable to 4300 species, of which 1400 were new to science. The results of a study of these collections are set forth in three large volumes. Each volume is made up of several Abteilungen, most of which again are subdivided into memoirs, which were issued separately in 1907-1910. There are no fewer than eighty-five of these memoirs, contributed by a cosmopolitan array of sixty zoologists. Dr. Sjéstedt, besides writing a “ Vorwort,” is respon- sible for eleven of these memoirs, viz. those dealing with Aves, (Estride, Odonata, Termites, Orthoptera.(5), Crustacea Decapoda, and an interesting account of ‘‘myrmecophilous” Acacias. In the “ Vorwort” a general account of the faunas of the different areas visited is given. Dr. Sjéstedt divides Kilimanjaro into the following zones:—(1) The steppes or prairies, 750-1000 m.: the Masai dwell and herd their cattle in this region, which is, moreover, a perfect paradise for the big-game hunter. (2) The cultivated zone, extending up to 1900 m., inhabited by Bantu negroes, With their plantations of bananas, beans, and millet. (3) The rain-forest, 1900-3000 m. (4) Mountain plateaux (Berg- wiesen), 3000-4400 m. (5) High alpine zone, extending from 4400 m. to the summit. Dr. Sjéstedt, who claims that he is the first zoologist to reach the snowfields of Kilimanjaro, found at the border of the snow (5500 m.) a Collembola living under stones and a Lycosid spider, which he suggests lives on “ Winter- miicken.” Large collections were also made on the neighbouring Mt. Meru, and the caves at Tanga near the coast were explored. Dr. Einar Linnberg describes the mammals, reptiles, batrachians, and fishes. Only three new species of mammals were obtained—a bat and two hyenas,—but about half a dozen new local races or Bibliographical Notice. 647 subspecies are described, amongst them the Kilimanjaro lion. Lions abounded in the steppe-zone, but only two examples were shot, and one of these was diseased, its nasal cavity being filled with Penta- stomids and Nematodes. Concerning the very asymmetrical skull of a giraffe with large exostoses on the right side and the right ossicone much thicker and shorter than the left, Dr. Lénnberg makes the interesting suggestion that the asymmetry was brought about by the giraffe always butting with the right side of the head. A very similarly deformed skull has been obtained by Major Powell- Cotton in S. Lado. Considering that thirteen bird-collectors have visited Kilimanjaro, Dr. Sjostedt did well to find seventy-five species new to the district, three new species and one new subspecies ; his bionomic notes are full of interest to the ornithologist. It was, of course, amongst the Invertebrata that the largest haul of new species was made, and the great majority of these are insects. The adult of one of the three Cstrid larvee which infest the East- African rhinoceros was successfully bred, and proves to be a new species, Spathicera meruensis ; it is interesting to note that this fly is a good mimic of a large Sphegid wasp, as was noted by Mr. S. A. Neave in N.E. Rhodesia. - Dr. Sjostedt neglected no method whereby his collections might be increased ; on setting fire to the grass in the prairie zone he observed hundreds of insects fleeing before the flames and smoke; amongst them were numerous Phasmidx, which, on account of their cryptic habits and appearance, had till then defied the closest scrutiny of the collector. One of the most interesting memoirs is that in which the peculiar growths on acacia- trees inhabited by ants are discussed. Dr. Sjéstedt believes that the ants have nothing to do with the production of the “ galls,” but that they have merely taken advantage of strictly normal structures which happen to be suitable as shelters and nesting-places. Thus he brings his observations into line with those of recent workers on ‘*myrmecophily ” in plants, and consequently is in opposition to the school typified by Belt and Beccari. Enough, perhaps, has been said to show that these volumes, besides containing a wealth of information for the pure systematist, bristle with points of general interest for all naturalists. It is difficult to know if Dr, Sjostedt is more to be congratulated on the energy and zeal with which, in spite of attacks of malaria and blackwater fever, he formed these immense collections, or on the eatholicity of his own studies of his collections, or on the rapidity with which these volumes have been published. To bring to a successful issue a monograph of this nature within four years is a work of which any man might well be proud. I can find only two words of adverse criticism. No good map accompanies the volumes. It is a pity that the proofs of those non-British zoologists, who elected to write their memoirs in English, were not more care- fully revised ; we should then have been spared such barbarisms as “‘youngs ” (for ‘‘ young ones ”), ‘‘ splitted up,” and ‘ changements.” R, 8. 648 Geological Society. PROCEEDINGS OF LEARNED SOCIETIES. GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. January 11th, 1911.—Prof. W. W. Watts, Sc.D., M.Sc., F.R.S., President, in the Chair. The following communication was read :—— ‘On a Collection of Insect-Remains from the South Wales Coalfield.” By Herbert Bolton, F.R.S.E., F.G.S., Curator of the Bristol Natural History Museum. The Author describes nine examples of insect-remains, all being, with one exception, blattoid in character. Seven are described as new species. Six of the specimens were obtained from tho horizon of the Mynyddislwyn Vein and Swansea Four-Foot Seam ; two from shales associated with the Graigola Seam, and a 22-inch seam occurring 40 yards below it; while one specimen was found in shales associated with the Rhondda No. 2 Seam, and therefore on the same horizon as the example of Ltoblattina ( Archimy- lacris) woodwardi, Bolton, previously described by the Author in the ‘ Geological Magazine’ for 1910, p. 147. The whole of the insect-remains are referable to three horizons— one at the base of the Upper Series of the Coal Measures, and two in the upper part of the Pennant Series. Two indeterminate species are referred to the genus Archimylacris, two to Hemimylacris, one to Archimylacris (Schizoblatta), one to Archimylacris ( Etoblattina ), one to Gerablattina ( Aphthoroblattina), one to Orthomylacris, and one to Lamproptilia. The last-named genus is new to the British Coal Measures. Attention is drawn to the association of the blattoid remains with Cordaites leaves bearing the impressions of the tests of Spirorbis pusillus. The suggestion is put forward that possibly Carboniferous cockroaches were not only phytophagous in habit, but frequented decaying Cordaites leaves in order to feed upon the Spirorbis. The presence of Archimylacrid and Orthomylacrid forms, no less than the presence of a species of Lamproptilia, is considered indicative of a considerable advance in insect development in the British Carboniferous beyond the more primitive paleodictyopteran types; while their abundance in the Pennant and Upper Series of the South Wales Coalfield may justify the hope of finding more primitive forms at a lower horizon in the same coalfield. Their occurrence may also be indicative of the remains of a terrestrial fauna somewhere in the South Wales Coal Measures. Geological Society. 649 March 8th, 1911.—Prof. W. W. Watts, Sc.D., M.Sc., F.R.S., President, in the Chair. The following communication was read :— ‘Contributions to the Geology of Cyrenaica.’ By Prof. J. W. Gregory and others. (i) The Geology of Cyrenaica. By John Walter Gregory, D.Sc., F.R.S., F.G.8., Professor of Geology in the University of Glasgow. According to the scanty evidence available in 1908 regarding Cyrenaica, which Hildebrand described in 1904 as ‘heute noch so gut wie unbekannt,’ the country might be interpreted as a fragment of a mountain-loop, an off-branch from the Atlas, or as a plateau of Miocene rocks. In a journey across the country, the Author found that it was a plateau of Lower Kainozoic Limestones, which are classified as follows :— OxigocENE Cyrene Limestones. (Aquitanian) Slonta Limestones = Priabonian. EocENE Derna Limestones = Mogattamn Series of Egypt. Apollonia Limestones = Libyan Series of Egypt. Some Miocene limestones occur in places on the plateau, and lying against its western foot. These rocks are all limestones, containing very little clastic material. ‘They must have been deposited in a clear sea, at depths ranging down to nearly 1000 fathoms. Intervals of shallow sea are indicated by some limestone-con- glomerates and a band of coral-reef limestone. The country was uplifted in later Miocene times, and was then part of a wide land which included Crete and occupied the site of the Aigean Sea. This land was broken up by great subsidences, which left Cyrenaica as a horst bounded by fault-scarps on the north and west. Eastwards the country sinks by a slight dip and a succession of faults, uutil the Miocene limestones, which occur on the plateau in Cyrenaica, are at sea-level on the coasts of Western Egypt. Cyrenaica may thus be regarded as part of the western limb of the geosyncline of Western Egypt. Tke formation of the river-valleys probably began during a period of wetter climate than the present, but there is no evidence of any appreciable change in the climate or water-supply since the date of the Greek and Roman colonization. Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. vii. 43 6 0 INDEX tro VOL. VII. ACANTHARCTIA, hew species of, 538. Acanthinula, new species of, 469. Acanthion, new species of, 659. Aclytia, new species of, 181. Actinote thalia, note on, 11. Adelocephala, new species of, 627. /Migeria, new species of, 292. Afrida, new species of, 563. Agatha, new species of, 293. Agathia, new species of, 292. Agonoscelis, new species of, 343, Agylla, new species of, 358. Agyrta, new species of, 181. Altha, new species of, 571. Amberiana, characters of the new genus, 340. Amorbus, new species of, 576, Anacraga, new species of, 627. Anadiasa, new species of, 561. Anaphosia, new species of, 536, Anaulosia, characters of the new genus, 368. Anchonus, new species of, 95. Ancylus, new species of, 475. Andersen, Dr, K., on six new fruit- bats, 641. Andrena, new species of, 229, Androgynella, characters of the new genus, 318. Anita, new species of, 282. Annandale, Dr. N.,on some barnacles of the genus Scalpellum from the Irish Seas, 588. Annelida, new, 149, 388, 495, 507. Anolis, new species of, 19. Anomis, new species of, 78. Antheua, new species of, 554. Anthopora, new species of, 493. zonata, remarks on, 491. Antichloris, new species of, 181. Antiopha, new species of, 263, 615. Apis, new species of, 319. Aptilosia, characters of the new genus, 357. Avachnida, new, 220. Arachnoidid, characters of the new family, 603, Arctitis, new species of, 636. Areyroeides, new species of, 179, Arhacia, new species of, 266, 615. Aroa, new species of, 546. Arrow, G. J., on the dynastid genus Lonchotus, 84; on the lamellicorn beetles of the genus Golofa, 156; on lamellicorn beetles belonging to the subfamilies Ochodeeinze, Orph- nine, Hybosorine, and Troginze, 390; on the Dynamopine, a new subfamily of lamellicorn beetles, 610. Arvicanthis, new species of, 460. Asteroidea, new, 89. Asura, new species of, 537. Automolis, new species of, 183. Axiagastus, new species of, 345, Azaxia, new species of, 615. Bagisara, new species of, 48. Balbura, new species of, 361. Banasa, new species of, 251. Barbus, new species of, 374. Bardaxima, new species of, 263. Barydia, new species of, 57. Basilodes, new species of, 47. Belonogaster, new species of, 99, Bendis, new species of, 71. Berycomorphi, on the anatomy and classification of the, 1. Bethune-Baker, G.T.,onnew African heterocera, 530, 553. Blera, new species of, 618. Bolton, H., on insect remains from the South Wales Coalfield, 648. Books, new :—Andrews’s Descriptive Catalogue of the Marine Reptiles of the Oxford Clay, 141; Hamp- son’s Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phaleenee in the British Museum, vol. x., 222; Kunkel’s The Am- phipoda of Bermuda, 416; Wissen- schaftliche Ergebnisse der Schwed- ischen Zoologischen Expedition nach dem Kilimandjaro &c., 646. Bothrocoris, new species of, 347, Boulenger, G. A.,on new reptiles from 8. America, 19; on three new characinid fishes from Colombia, 212; on new freshwater fishes from Guinea, 373 ; on a new cich- lid fish from Mashonaland, 377 ; on a new species of Polypterus from Liberia, 377. INDEX. Brachylia, new species of, 290. Bryolymnia, new species of, 45. Burnup, H. C., revision of Melvill and Ponsonby’s Survey of the S. African species and varieties of Pupa, 401. Buthus minax, note on, 217. Byblisia, new species of, 575. Calidota, new species of, 613, Callicebus, new species of, 6C6. Callierges, new species of, 38. Calymniodes, new species of, 46, Campometra, new species of, 51. Cantheconidea, new species of, 351. Capnodes, new species of, 64, 539. Castnia, new species of, 191. Catada, new species of, 540. Catarctia, new species of, 558. Celama, new species of, 355. Cerastus, new species of, 470, Cerura, new species of, 267. Ceryx, new species of, 530. Chadisra, new species of, 279. Cheetozone, new species of, 160. Chalcoesia, new species of, 47. Champion, G. C., on new Curcu- lionidee from Central and South America, 94, Charadra, new species of, 49. Chelycoris, new species of, 244, Chionzmia, new species of, 534. Chiropodomys, new species of, 206. Chrostosoma, new species of, 175. Chrysectropa, characters of the new genus, 566, Chrysochlorosia, new species of, 363. Chrysoploma, new species of, 566. Chrysopsyche, new species of, 562. Chrysostola, new species of, 180. Chytonyx, new species of, 42. Cicinnus, new species of, 191. Cirratulidee, notes on, 151. Cirratulispio, characters of the new genus, 167. Cirratulus, new species of, 162. Claphe, new species of, 371. Clark, A. H., on a new unstalked crinoid, 644. Clark, H. L., on the genera of recent Clypeastroids, 593. Clausilia, new species of, 471. Cleapa, new species of, 559. Clemensia, new species of, 366. Cletomorpha, new species of, 583. Cleeotus puncticollis, new name for, 397. Cloésia, new species of, 362, 651 Clypeastride, characters of the new family, 603. Clypeastroids, on the genera of recent, 593. Cockerell, T. D. A., descriptions and records of bees, 225, 310, 485. Coenipeta, new species of, 56. Cognetti de Martiis, Dr. L., on the Oligochzeta of Travancore, 494; on anew species of Polytoreutus, 507. Coleoptera, new, 86, 94, 136, 390,612. Comissia, new species of, 644, Corethra, new species of, 399. Corma, new species of, 555, Correbia, new species of, 182. Correbidia, new species of, 188. Cosmosoma, new species of, 175. Cossula, new species of, 682. Cozsus, new species of, 632. Cratosomus, new species of, 97. Crinoid, on a new unstalked, 644, Crocidura, new species of, 117. Crocisa, new species of, 511. Cropia, new species of, 39, Crustacea, new, 510, 589. Curimatus, new species of, 213. Curvella, new species of, 472. Cyrenaica, on the geology of, 649. Dasychira, new species of, 548. Dasychirana, characters of the new genus, 550. Dasylophia, new species of, 264. Dasypoda, new species of, 226. Diarhabdosia, new species of, 368. Dicentria, new species of, 268. Dichelacera, new species of, 214. Dicreodon, new species of, 3896. Diploptera, new, 98. Dipodillus, new species of, 520, Diptera, new, 215, 399, 586. Dirphia, new species of, 622. Distant, W. L., rhynchotal notes, 242, 338, 576, Distichodus, new species of, 373. Dolichesia, characters of the new genus, 362. Dollman, G., on a new genus of molossine bats from W. Africa, 210; on mammals from British EK. Africa, 518. Doratopteryx, new species of, 573, Dottia, characters of the new genus, 621. Drawida, new species of, 495. Druce, H., on heterocera from Tro- pical S. America and two new Geo- metride from W. Africa, 287, 652 INDEX. Dynamopine, characters of the new subfamily, 610. Dynamopus, new species of, 612. Dyomyx, new species of, 61. Dyops, new species of, 64, Ea, characters of the new genus, 257. Ecdemus, new species of, 180. Hchinosaura, new species of, 23. Ecpantheria, new species of, 186, Eigenmann, Prof. C. H., on two new tetragonopterid fishes, 214. Elis, new species of, 305, Emarginea, new species of, 45, Kmballonura, new species of, 384. Ennea, new species of, 463. Entomostraca, on freshwater, from Egypt and the Soudan, 25, Epeolus, new species of, 234. Epicerura, characters of the new genus, 557. Epidonta, characters of the new genus, 555. Kpimys, new species of, 205, 461, 524, 590. Fpitelia aculeata, note on, 105. Eressades, characters of the new genus, 531. Eriopyga, new species of, 33. EKuagra, new species of, 612. Eucapnodes, new species of, 539, Eucereon, new species of, 182. Euchromia, new species of, 531, Eucyane, new species of, 288. Eucyrtothynnus, new species of, 300. Eudontomyzon, characters of the new genus, 200. Kuproctis, new species of, 541, Euproctoides, characters of the new genus, 544, Euryaspis, new species of, 345, Fauxulus, new species of, 470. Fibulariide, characters of the new family, 604. Fisher, W. K., on two new genera of starfishes, 89. Fishes, on the anatomy and classifi- cation of, 1, 120, 193, 204, 259, 294, 320, 327 ; new, 197, 212, 215, 373, 377, 477. Focilla, new species of, 71. Foerster, Prof. F., on a new marsu- pial, 337. Galeacius, new species of, 242. Gambiana, characters of the new genus, 339, Gammarus campylops, note on, 397. Gazera, new species of, 192, Geodena, new species of, 560. Geological Society, proceedings of the, 142, 223, 648, Georychus, new species of, 462, 592. Geotria, new species of, 196, Gilchrist, Dr, J, D. F., on new fresh- water fishes from 8. Africa, 477. Givira, new species of, 629, Glocia, new species of, 564. Glyphidrilus annandalei, note on,’ Golofa, new species of, 158. Goniorphnus, characters of the new genus, 395, Gonodonta, new species of, 83. Graphigona, new species of, 190, Gregory, Dr. J. W., on the geology of Cyrenaica, 649. Gudea, characters of the new genus, 348. Gurney, R., on freshwater entomo- straca from Egypt and the Soudan, - 25, Heromys, characters of the new genus, 207, Halisidota, new species of, 184," Hapalonychus, new species of, 396. Harding, W. A., on a new leech from Egypt, 388. Hemiceras, new species of, 282. Hemidactylus, new species of, 19. Hemipecten, new species of, 628, Heorta, new species of, 262. Heriades, new species of, 314. Herrichella, characters of the new genus, 245, Heterocampa, new species of, 272. Heterochroma, new species of, 40. Heteroptera, new, 242, 338, 576. Hilipus, new species of, 94. Hirst, S., on scorpions and Solifugee from the Soudan, 217. Holophiea, new species of, 178. Homodes, new species of, 539. Homeeocera, new species of, 287. Homorus, new species of, 472. Hoplistodera, new species of, 344. Hume, Dr. W. F., on the effects of secular oscillation in Egypt during the Eocene and Cretaceous periods, 142. Hyalurga, new species of, 288. Hylesia, new species of, 622. Hymenoptera, new, 98, 225, 297, 310, 479, 485, —— INDEX. Hyperoartii, synopsis of the, 193. Hypocrisias, new species of, 186. Hyponerita, new species of, 187, Hypopta, new species of, 632, Tlema, new species of, 534. Iniomi, on the anatomy and classifi- cation of the, 120. Isanthrene, new species of, 173. Jalina, characters of the new genus, 581. Jalloides, new species of, 349, Jaminia, new species of, 470. Janeirona, characters of the new genus, 352. Joseph, E. G., on the lepidoptera collected by W. J. Burchell in Brazil, 9. 9 Josiomorphia, new species of, 289. Jukes-Browne, A. J., description of Venus stimpsoni, Gould, 1383. Kapunda, characters of the new genus, 341, Kenia, characters of the new sub- genus, 475. Kerodon, new species of, 608. Kirby, W. F., on a new species of Temnophyllus, 93, Kloss, C. B., on new mammals from the Malay Peninsula, 115. Knodus, new species of, 216. Krapfiella, characters of the new genus, 472. Kurnaina, characters of the new genus, 578. Labeo, new species of, 477. Lacipa, new species of, 544, Lelia, new species of, 547, Laganid, characters of the new family, 604. Lamellicorns, on a new subfamily of, 610. Langsdorphia, new species of, 291. Lanopis, new species of, 255. Lebeda, new species of, 369. Lebiasina, new species of, 212. Leipaxis, new species of, 565. Lentagena, new species of, 651. Lepidoptera, on the, collected by W. J. Burchell in Brazil, 9; new, 33, 178, 237, 262, 287, 355, 530, 558, 612. Leptognathus, new species of, 24, Leptolepida, characters of the new genus, 999. Letis, new species of, 187. Leucoma, new species of, 540. Limicolaria, new species of, 471. 653 Lirimiris, new species of, 267. Lithanthidium, characters of the new genus, 225, Lobeza, new species of, 282. Lonchotus, new species of, 84. Lophuromys, new species of, 381. Loxa, new species of, 249. Loxophlebia, new species of, 174. Luciocharax, new species of, 212. Lumbricus herculeus, on parasitic castration in, 335, Lycomorphodes, new species of, 364. Lymantriades, characters of the new genus, 551. Macaca, new species of, 116. M‘Intosh, Prof., on the American Syllides verrilli, 145; on Nevaya whiteavesi, 149; on the British Cirratulidee, 151; on the Cirra- tulide dredged by the Por- cupine, 162; on the Cirratulide from the Gulf of St. Lawrence, 168 ; on the structure of Magelona, 417. Macristium chavesi, on the systematic position of, 204, Macrocneme, new species of, 287. Macroglossus, new subspecies of, 641. Macroplectra, new species of, 569. Macroptila, new species of, 357. Macropus, new subspecies of, 609, Magelona, on the structure of, 417. Malocampa, new species of, 617. Mammals, new, 113, 115, 205, 210, 337, 378, 383, 384, 457, 513, 518, 590, 606, 609, 634, 641. Marmosa, new species of, 514. Mazacyla, new species of, 78. Meade-Waldo, G., on new species of Diploptera, 98. Megachile, new species of, 315, 486. Megascolex, new species of, 498. Megymenum, new species of, 353. Melanacanthus, new species of, 5865. Melecta, new species of, 227. Meragisa, new species of, 618. Mesomys, new species of, 607. Mesothen, new species of, 174. Metallosia, new species of, 369. Metalobosia, new species of, 364. Metanastria, new species of, 370, 564. Metarctia, new species of, 532. Metatropis, new species of, 585. Microcyprini, on the osteology and classification of the, 320. Microtus, new species of, 209, 383. Miltochrista, new species of, 537. 654 Miresa, new species of, 568, Moina, notes on species of, 27, Mollusca, new, 412, 463. Molossops, new species of, 113. Monda, new species of, 576. Monodes, new species of, 43. Moonta, characters of the new genus, 338. Murgantia, new species of, 251, Mus, new species of, 119. Myonotus, characters of the new genus, 91. Myzine, new species of, 302. Nannocharax, new species of, 374. Nearchaster, characters of the new genus, 91. Nectarina azteca, new name for, 112. Nematobrycon, characters of the new genus, 215. Neocensorinus, definitions of the new generic name, 258. Neomenestheus, characters of the new genus, 342. Neurosymploca, new species of, 574. Nevaya, characters of the new genus, 149. Nodozana, new species of, 364. Nola, new species of, 534. Nomada, new species of, 250. Nomioides, new species of, 285, Notoplusia, new species of, 616. Ocha, new species of, 372. Ochodzeus, new species of, 391. Odozana, new species of, 363. (Enomys, new species of, 378. Ogdoconta, new species of, 44. Okeanos, characters of the new genus, 347. Oospila, new species of, 293. Opeas, new species of, 474. Ophisma, new species of, 62. Oplomus, new species of, 252. Orzesia, new species of, 81. Ormiscodes, new species of, 621. Orthoptera, new, 93. Orygia, new species of, 545. Othoes, characters of the new genus, 220. Othorene, new species of, 626. Palarus, new species of, 481. Palindia, new species of, 58. Pandinus exitialis, new variety of, 219. Paradiastema, new species of, 556. Paradoxurus, new species of, 634. Paragetor, characters of the new genus, 571. END ES Parajalla, characters of the new genus, 253, Paralincus, characters of the new genus, 246, Paranerita, new species of, 187, 614. Parapirga, characters of the new genus, 552. Paraplectra, characters of the new genus, 570, Paraproctis, characters of the new genus, 043. Parasa, new species of, 568. Paratalara, new species of, 366. Paraxena, characters of the new genus, 044. Parazana, characters of the new genus, 555. Parevia, new species of, 613. Pelmatochromis, new species of, 377. Pelochyta, new species of, 184. Pendulinus, new’ species of, 580. Peratodonta, new species of, 558. Percoids, on the cirrhitiform, 259. Pericopis, new species of, 288. Petersius, new species of, 373. Petoptila, new species of, 573. Phalanger, new species of, 337. Phereclus, new species of, 247. Phiala, new species of, 554. Phodotes, new species of, 513, Phuphena, new species of, 42. Pipistrellus, new species of, 458. Piramurana, characters of the new genus, 582. Pisidium, new species of, 475. Pitthea, new species of, 560, Placobdella, new species of, 388. Planois, new species of, 256. Platceceticus, new species of, 634. Platynopus, new species of, 351. Plecotus, new species of, 209. Plusia, new species of, 50. Plusiodonta, new species of, 82. Plutellus, new species of, 497. Poectes, new species of, 49. Polienus, new species of, 558. Polistes, new species of, 101. Polybia, new species of, 108. Polypterus, new species of, 377. Polytes, new species of, 245. Polytoreutus, new species of, 507. Poresta, new species of, 264, Presbytis, new species of, 116. Preston, H. B., on new species of land and freshwater shells from British E. Africa, 463. INDEX. Prionodactylus, new species of, 25. Propyria, new species of, 183, 613. Prosopis, new species of, 233. Prumala, new species of, 185. Pseudarctia, characters of the new genus, 440, Pseudobebzeus, characters of the new genus, 254. Pseudomantria, characters new genus, 572. Pseudosoloe, characters of the new genus, 553. Psilacron, new species of, 271. Psilopleura, new species of, 178, Psychogena, characters of the new genus, 638, Psychonoctua, new species of, 628. Pupa, on the South African species of, 401; new varieties of, 412. Racheospila, new species of, 295, Rachis, new species of, 469. Rebmanniella, characters of the new section, 471. Regan, C. Tate, on the anatomy and classification of the Berycomorphi and Xenoberyces, | ; of the Iniomi, 120; synopsis of the Marsipo- branchs of the order Hyperoartii, 195; on the systematic position of Macristium chavesi, 204; on the cirrhitiform percoids, 259; on the anatomy and classification of the Salmoperez, 294; on the osteology and classifieation of the Micro- eyprini, 320; on the classification of the Synentognathi, 327. Reptiles, new, 19. Rhanidophora, new species of, 538. thipidomys, new species of, | 14. Rhuda, new species of, 279, 617. Rhynchotal notes, 242, 338, 576. Rifargia, new species of, 281. oeselia, new species of, 355. Rosema, new species of, 292. Rothschild, the Hon. W., on a new marsupial, 337. Safia, new species of, 54. Saliunca, new species of, 575. Salmopercee, on the anatomy and classification of the, 294. Sapyga, new species of, 309. Sarosa, new species of, 173. Sastragala, new species of, 354. Saurita, new species of, 178. Scalpellum, new species of, 589. Schaus, W., on new heterocera from Costa Rica, 33, 173, 262, 355, 612. of the 655 Schwarz, E., on new Asiatic mam- mals and on Viverra fasciata, Gm., 634. Sciurus, new species of, 117, 659. Scolia, new species of, 308. Scorpions from the Soudan, on, 217, Scrancia, new species of, 556. Scutellidee, characters of the new family, 604, Sexton, E. W., on a new amphipod, 510. Simulium, new species of, 586. Sollas, Miss I. B. J., on parasitic castration in the earthworm, 3395. Somara, new species of, 570, Speocropia, new species of, 58. Sphecodes, new species of, 228. Spilothynnus, new species of, 297. Staphylinochrous, new species of, 574. Stauropus, new species of, 557. Stenocercus, new species of, 22. Strand, E., notes on the cocoons and descriptions of four new species of the genus Trichostibas, 257. Summers, Miss 8. L. M., on a new species of Tabanidee from British Guiana, 213; on a new species of Simulium from the Siamese Hills, 586. : Syconycteris, new species of, 642. Syllides verrilli, remarks on, 145. Synentognathi, on the classification of the, 327. Synodontis, new species of, 375. Synceca, note on the habits of species of, 105, Syntomis, new species of, 530. Systropha, new species of, 227. Tabanidee, new species of, 213. Talara, new species of, 365. Tambourina, characters of the new genus, 577, Taragama, new species of, 561. Tatera, new species of, 521. Taterillus, new species of, 459, 520. Tathorhyncus, new species of, 538. Temnophyllus, new species of, 93. Terina, new species of, 560. Thamnomys, new species of, 381, 527. Thapsia, new species of, 466. Theobald, F. V., ona new African Corethra, 399. Thomas, O., on three new S. African mammals, 113; on new Asiatic Muride, 205; on new African Muride, 3578; on a new vole from 656 Fastern Asia, 385; on new mam- mals from Dutch New Guinea, 384; on mammals from Northern Nigeria, 457; on new mammals from Tropical S. America, 515: on three new African rodents, 590 ; on three new mammals from the Lower Amazons, 606; on a new kangaroo from Western Australia, 609. Thompson, W. W., on new fresh- water fishes from S. Africa, 477. Thosea, new species of, 567, Thyone, new species of, 362. Tilapia, new species of, 576. Tiphia, new species of, 307. Trabala, new species of, 564. Trachycystis, new-species of, 468. Trachyptena, characters. of the new genus, 572. Trichiura, new species | of, 565. Trichostibas, new species of, 237, Trigena, new species of, 631, Trincavellius, new species of, 248. Trissophaes, new species of, 189. Trotonotus, new species of, 558. Tryphosites, new species of, 510. Tupaia, new species of, 116. Turner, R. E., notes on fossorial hymenoptera, 297, 479. Turrana, characters of the new genus, 579, INDEX. Typomys, characters of the genus, 382, Uromys, new species of, 208, 386, Utana, new species of, 346. Varicorhinus, new _ species of, 477. Venus stimpsoni, description of, 133, Vespa, new species of, 104. Viverra fasciata, note on, 638. Viverricula, new subspecies of, 637. Walker, A. O., on Gammarus cam- pylops, Leach, 397. Watney, Miss G. R., on the zonal classification of the Salopian rocks of Cautley and Ravenstonedale, 223. Welch, Miss E. G., on the zonal classification of the Salopian rocks of Cautley and Ravenstonedale, 223. Woodward, Dr. A. 8., on recent excavations in the cavern of La Cotte, 144. Xenoberyces, on the anatomy and classification of the, 1. Xerus, new species of, 518. Xiphonycteris, characters new genus, 210. Xylocopa, new subspecies of, 310. Zeuzera, new species of, 291, 628. Zingis, new species of, 467. new of the END OF THE SEVENTH VOLUME. PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET. REGAN, ‘SINIA AV XAYALAOTONH ‘yy i - Hy t 1s nal m Hu Y Ti HHH Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. S. 8. Vol. VII. Pl. = yyy Ta yi nad SETA \y, és NK) hi acy pins mo ha oa Pt fii | Wy Bin sg ra Ta 1) wily i} Hy a pons i ya yon Mi 3 : nny ny eal i Much Siti ng ue Hf a thy 1 mh A S\" f i He tt "yy mi ia f G3 i z te rs a ( yi my : mn ma 94 wh Sarat hts un - if Ne us f igi +m i = ! bl or ie No ie wi ; f] Dey 1h a Prt foungnt " int... tet ¥ oo ae s ah! $a ci oe a eh te iz Ann.& Mag. Nat.Hist.5.8. Vol Vil. PU. J.Green lith. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Mist. S. §. Vol. Vil, Pl. II. KIRBY. TEMNOPHYLLUS KNIGHTI, Kirby. a men thet» OORT A Mss se aire he > “ : a ® SI f w r : : s JUKES-BROWNE. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. S. 8. Vol. VIL. Pl. IV, VENUS STIMPSONI, Gould. et ge Ann.& Mag. Not. Hist.S.8. Vol VI. PU. J.Green lith. A.H.Walker del. . : i 2 ] > a, Annick Mag. Naktlist.6.@. Vol VILPLYVL. J.Green hth. A.H.Walker del. Anime ve Nat.Hist..5.8.Vol Vil. PU.VI. J.Green Lith. A.H Walker dei. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 8. 6 Vol. Vil; Pl. Vite REGAN, GOODEA ATRIPINNIS. Ann. § Mag. Nat. Hist. S. 8. Vol. VII. Pl. IDS BEGAN. << > BX. = ' PYy Y wees 4 nk b mC anna nn BA AO nnnmn’ ant PHARYNGEALS OF SYNENTOGNATHI. A-B. Exoceetoidea ; C-F. Scombresocoidea, . aie a ot 7 i ‘a 7 ~~ } - ae mae =. 3 “2 BOs \ af : a ee a ee ee ee eee ee Fe Ann.& Mag. Nat Hist. §.8.Vol.VH. PUX. we N 3 z eet A, 4 Burnup del. @.Green lth. ig SOUTH AFRICAN PUPID& PRESTON. Agni & Mag. Nats Gist. oS, So Vol. Vile Pie xX 7 ATE in ORY SO ed on ot See ae, j eS ‘ st *' +o : Ne i t e i! ‘ . 4, stew iu ae ow al, SI gens 4.0" ge PRESTON. Ann. 6 Mag Nat. Fist. Ss 8 Vole Vil.oPh, XE. wf i ts : t 4 a I i f ye | hy ! t i = i te ; wre til i k on los Pa. Ie) a "1 bi ia Pe Ud : r a hg Nee Pot - Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. S. 8. Vol. VII. Pl. X11. West, Newman imp. L.C. de M. del. C.Berjeau lith. Anrn.& Mag. Nat. Hist. §.&. Vol. Vil. PU.XIV. ee | ar }} ex \ Ve : : ca ; os J.Green lith. 7 : 5 rs divs my Ne ral »" THE LONDON, EDINBURGH, AND DUBLIN _ PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE AND JOURNAL OF SCIENCE. 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The Genera of Recent Clypeastroids. By Husarr Lyman. Crarx, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, U.S.A. ...... 598 LXX. Three new Mammals from the Lower Amazons. By OUDPINID LROMAB a Foo Ne pe’. uacete Dace Se treme cus ce 606 LXXI--A new Kangaroo from the Northern Territory of Western Australia. By Otprrenp THOMAS .....-.. 2000, eo eeu aS 8h) LXXII. Upon the Dynamopine, a new Subfamily of Lamellicorn Beetles: “By GripeRt-d, ARROW se. S05 Gey cs ds sce Ree 610 LXXTII. New Species of Heterocera from Costa Rica. VIII. By W GHATS SELB. seins ots oe Ge cay Ore iy eg ee oe eee 612 LXXTIV. Seven new Asiatic Mammals, with aoe on the “Viverra fasciata” of Gmelin, By Ennsr Scuwanrz. LXXYV. Six new Fruit-bats of the Genera Mona oglossus and Syconyeteris. « By Knup ANDERSEN 22...) eee gs odes Sr ed het 641 LXXVI. A new Unstalked Crinoid from Christmas Island. a Averin Hopant CLARK sy bss cw Glee See oo Ree wR van One BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTICE. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Schwedischen Zoologischen Expe- dition nach dem Kilimandjaro, dem Meru und den Umgebenden Massaistoppen, Deutsch-Ostafrikas, 1905-1906, unter Leitung vor: Prof: -Dr.: Yngve Sjosbede 8 0 ee cas ee een ee 646 PROCEEDINGS OF LEARNED SOCIETIES. seGeolopieal Bociehy 5. Fa a ee Cee 648, 649 *,* Itis requested that all Communications for this Work may be addressed, post-paid, to the Care of Messrs. Taylor and ee eee Ofices Red Lion Court, Fleet Street, London. ; eo > $0 nee AA Rey i aS 7 J a hae vA : t 1 ivi , t ay \ 6) f y ¢ t \ ; ' ; ’ ‘Eee \ y YG \ er iT in rh, ; ta etal i+ ‘ ai fh Osan, | ; iy) u) ty oF 4 ¥ 1 i 4) a / ve oo ) J } ” t i gh «“? Leys CR? an iid Lie aren Ay he ai \ hs AAR ig i ; 4 4 Fae fate i ‘ , i] nt Ny PP hed Oi “ ia f. A eek Cee ; _ gu 7 J 3 9088 01 314 0611