‘errr nel et eves 7 : weer LiVETET ore t ii PRESENTED NATIONAL MUSEUM Y em 2 5 be "ae o0U6UlClClCl ae. = ini queers g y Weg ccrs v CARY LS = S. Fee a moe @Sagi UT oa A -~ a. | Wy UY ~ Ee NY 8A ayer stURtninas x Ed Nb - dia) SY eA Ve tagres 7 ve eeitee AA SLA ie zi Wice fs 4+w@ 4 44 4 Serene eats iene iw (NTR 2 woe -'. mele aiincer amet oo so a feet ene ea Mugg i) Air bUvNaaricceaye * uta asatil SUAAaAs aS ALES my Ss Vacs y erregen ~ ps CWUR Sayre A, ry ASN eat wANOH cer IL, vi eens SCR ¥ r ioe ee j bhp Fe S vei’ aay PLCC Tbe sna ty guy sac ssaeesanahaa hl eeURe tity F TM Td sy rv JSR stata airing ait” Totty : ee y - ANAS wy a a Ae. Pern : ge Phe ~ Pain, Jere ees A he on +0 ws! (iter alt 4h hguv- TS BT i A Way Hi iotle, gy vcbaese NI RRs : TTL aoe mit) Me lg vty yl iyye Aka Me. vaaesy Ms Lem otagmagtengt nt marae heaanalll any Mase |] |) UT ttre eign Picante i, shlg ene, WS" fities ri" Webeey: PTH LT ea LI Os a al a4 Ni~ a ot bed Le em a aS mL | 4 TY Ie cies, wane ce eae bly Wy, hwease LT Ut SCmnOunnie Tine cr igige MgO Gea oo Nem “th , en VhINS iit HaieC saath bid ptageee’ Ap Ath a 5 Tt Marwygiiaiei: ti al Mei i taka shall it : vy pa so) > : a0 8 .- OU—N, x pisses a We its hae i ina K _ ga imis Whit RM e te eMA Nh we iclE LW rh { 2 THE ANNALS AND MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY. INCLUDING ZOOLOGY, BOTANY, ann GEOLOGY. (BEING A CONTINUATION OF THE ‘ANNALS’ COMBINED WITH LOUDON AND / CITARLESWORTII’S ‘ MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY.’ ) CONDUCTED BY WILLIAM CARRUTHERS, Ph.D., F.R.S., F.L.S., F.G.S., AUR Be SHIPLEY, M.A., Sc.D., F.R.S.,_F.Z.S., AND RICHARD T. FRANCIS, F.Z.S. ae VOL. ITI.—NINTH SERIES. ~-———-—~ BN 50 SHEE AD f National Museu™= o cranes (Cold ce ta on A % _ PLPLIIS LIS OL oe LONDON: PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS. SOLD BY SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, HAMILTON, KENT, AND CO., LD.; BAILLIERE, PARIS: AND HODGES, FIGGIS, AND CO., DUBLIN, 1919: “Omnes res creatz sunt divine sapientie et potentic testes, divitix felicitatis humane :—ex harum usu donitas Creatoris; ex pulchritudine sapzentia Domini ; ex ceconomid in conservatione, proportione, renovatione, potentia majestatis elucet. Harum itaque indagatio ab hominibus sibi relictis semper sstimata ; a veré eruditis et sapientibus semper exculta; malé doctis et barbaris semper inimica fuit.”—Liyyaus. Quel que soit le principe de la vie animale, il ne faut qu’ouvrir les yeux pour voir qu’elle est le chef-d’eeuvre de la Toute-puissance, et le but auquel se rappor- tent toutes ses opérations.”—Bruckner, Théorie du Systéme Animal, Leyden, 1767. ose sass s » « » » Lhesylvan powers Obey our summons; from their deepest dells The Dryads come, and throw their garlands wild And odorous branches at our feet; the Nymphs That press with nimble step the mountain-thyme And purple heath-flower come not empty-handed, But scatter round ten thousand forms minute Of velvet moss or lichen, torn from rock Or rifted oak or cavern deep: the Naiads too Quit their loved native stream, from whose smooth face They crop the lily, and each sedge and rush That drinks the rippling tide: the frozen poles, Where peril waits the bold adventurer’s tread, The burning sands of Borneo and Cayenne, AU, all to us unlock their secret stores And pay their cheerful tribute. J. Taynor, Norwich, 1818. ALERE & FLAMMAM,. CONTENTS OF; VOL. IE. [NINTH SERIES. } NUMBER 13. Page I, On the African Genera of Wingless Brachyderine with Con- nate Claws (Coleoptera, Curculionide). By Guy A. K. MarsHatt, Mateammne Ol Hee Ug Janie naa) 3) ofa vo phat «shoes g a aseiaie cic v:dhol's'ss vies siate v:cvsle ess. 1 II. On Lacerta praticola, Eversm. By L. A. Lanrz and O. SETTER 5 o cg Mn pI Enieen RCD eS” DBASE OO ohn ta mer ieee Mvotacs eas) III. The White-toothed Shrew of Palestine. By Oxprrenp APROMAS) (0 6c o5 weal tees qAISIC EL OP RODoRIOTIO Gone oor On netre 32 IVY. On the Structure of the Larve and the Systematic Position of the Genera Mycetobia, Mg., Ditomyia, Winn., and Symmerus, Walk. (Diptera Nematocera). By D. Kertuin, D.Sc. (from the Quick Laboratory, University of Cambridge). (Plates II-V.).... 33 V. Description of a new Genus and Species of the Homopterous HanilysCcadtde@e By W. Li, DISTANT oe aiken es nage oes 43 VI. Notes on the Astiide: Subdivision Asiine. By GERrRUDE _RUATETINO Dy 80 0 DI DS MIE re BIRD ROS An. rt On te 44 Vil. Batopora (Bryozoa) and its Allies. By Artuur Wm. DADE Sm uae, 0 re, me CE late ML) 5 Aah ced he ctac cee see eels 79 VUl. Two new African Freshwater Sponges. By JANE STEPHENS, B.A., B.Sc., National Museum of Ireland ............ 94 EX. On some External Characters of Ruminant Artiodactyla.— Part VII. Domesticated Cattle (Bes tawrus and B. mdicus). By 101 Vale PO COCK RR ESS. os «sine. FIBERS IOI. 0 ES DIRRE a POco ReREN iv CONTENTS. Pago X. On some small Mammals from Catamarca. By OLDFIELD BELO MEAS © 55", ls wins Sune steielsiv'e) etrske oe Shere Mee REMOTE aptstetea cee He elie XI. Descriptions and Records of Bees—LX XXIII. By T. D. A. CockERErL, University of Colorado® -. snemnicmis enc ates coisas 118 XII. Notes from the Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews.— No. XLII. By Prof. M‘Intosu, M.D., LL.D., D.Sc., F.R.S., &c... 125 NUMBER 14. XIII. New and insufficiently-known Moths in the Joicey Collec- tion By LOUIS Dot ROUT, WE Osc eee oleae sulsee oni ioe eae 165 XIV. Descriptions and Recordsof Bees—LXXXIV. By T.D.A. CocKERELL, University of Colorado, ....2.5s., eee see eae ie ee 191 XV. Note on Chaudhuria, a Teleostean Fish of the Order @pisthomi. By ©: Tarr Re@an, MAS HORS, -c.2 oes. woven s 198 XVI. On small Mammals collected by Sr. E. Budin in North- western Patagonia. By OLDFIELD THOMAS...........+ecceeees 199 XVI. Two new Argentine Species of Akodon. By OLDFIELD THoMas ..... Foo Gu NO sjeteeetafeestetonesaaagorele tele eisai lc ia tele tens Sauls XVIII. New South-American Butterflies. By W. J. Kays, | Dl Ds es ie i Ar er ane 4 2A RNR aici RA 215 XIX. Some new Species of the Homopterous Family Pyrrho- coride. By W. L. Distant XX. Some Parthenogenetic Chironomide. By F. W. Epwarps. 222 NUMBER 15. XXI. On the Hymenoptera collected in New Caledonia by P. D. Montague in 1914, By Row ianp E. Turner, F.Z.8., F.ES. .... 229 XXII. Descriptions and Records of Bees. — LXXXV._ By T. D. A. CocKERELL, University of Colorado XXIII. On a new Genus and Species of Bird of the Family Drepanidide from the Hawaiian Islands. By R. C. L. PErxK1ns, D.Sc., F.Z.S. O'@ © © 65° 6.0 6.6 ele Sie Oe 08) 6 ee. a Oe a OR 6s) 8 eel Se Ore Le. 8) 0 8S e's « 250 CONTENTS. v Page XXIV. Notes on Myriapoda.—X VI. Some Observations on No- menclature. By Hitpa K. Brapt-Brrxs, M.Sc., M.B., Ch.B., L.R.C.P., M.R.C.S., and the Rey. S, Granam Brape-Birks, M.Sc. 253 XXV. Some Observations on Plewrocystis cuénoti, Hesse, 1909, a Cceelozoic Parasite of the Earthworm. By W. Haroip LricH- SHakpr, B.Sc. (Lond.)....2..+... Pe aN araette cigs 6 ate's 2 ob gears 256 XXVI. Notes on Gerbils referred to the Genus Meriones, with Descriptions of new Species and Subspecies. By OLDFIELD THOMAS) 5. fee cs cssle'e oes BOO CSOD Rae DOIG OO aOR Nae 263 XXVII. Notes on the Family Dendrocolaptide, with Suggestions for its Division. By CHartEs Cuvuss, F.Z.S., M.B.O.U., Zoological Department, British Museum (Natural History) .....-..+++++++- 273 XXVIII. Descriptions of New Pyralide of the Subfamilies Crambine and Sigine. By Sir GrorGe F. Hampson, Bart., F.Z.S., NUMBER 16, XXIX. On Deronectes depressus, Fab., and elegans, Panzer. By Frank Batrour-Browne, M.A. (Oxon. et Cantab.), F.R.S.E., Lecturer in Entomology in the Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge; Staff Lecturer in Entomology in France; Capt. RAL Mee. De Reserve, - (Plates: VII. & VEE.) ....... We wie igap oe as 293 XXX. On the Geographical Distribution of the Genus Cosmo-_ phila, a Noctuid of the Family Gonopteride. By Colonel C. Swinnor, M.A., F.L.S., &c. (Plates IX. & X.)... ccc eee eens 309 XXXI. New Lycenids and Hesperids and Two new Species of the Noctuid Family Acontiide. By Colonel C. Swinuog, M.A., PS AC cece Si Tey aN an eee, iBoodotogins oor DONDOo .. old XXXII. The Status of Parabates, Foerster, and Parabatus, Thomson {Hymenoptera, Ichneumonide]. By J. CHrstrR Brap- LEY, Ph.D., Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y. ...... SP eraehersys cds ake 319 XXXIII. The Malacoderm Genera Prionocerus and Idgia, and their Sexual Characters [Coleoptera]. By G. C. Cuampron, F.Z.5. (Plates XI. & XII.) ..... Graben terre ss: arse oightiate aes sistant eta ee ofeuene 325 vi CONTENTS. Pag XXXIV. A Note on the Egg-Burster of Eucephalous Fly-larvee. BY SE AV ic SELES WEAGRIDS “ .livoee steht ata poked, oiciothe si ta tolal te olamMemaen elles 372 XXXV. The Amphipod Orchestia tucurauna, Fritz Miller, of Brazil, redescribed from New Zealand Specimens. By CHas. CHIL- Ton, M.A., D.Se., LL.D., C.M.Z.8., Hon. Memb. Roy. Soc. N.S.W. 3876 XXXVI. North Pacific Zoroastertde. By Wavrer K. FisHEr, Director, Hopkins Marine Station of Stanford University, Cali- Lic Tt: MnP aN ce Rea mare ORE RECS Sod cubtrckg A. ici SN Da MEG 387 XXXVII. Notes on Fossorial Hymenopteraa—XXXVII. On some Sphecine in the British Museum. By Rowtanp E. Turner, F.Z5., 105 DUS BI Sees Savas SPS irs Muir yest MAN 6 Sane ee anthe come gens 393 XXXVIII. New Australian Diplopterous Hymenoptera. By RomnaAnD 2, TURNERS EAS .,0 ebsites siclerelamye wiake eire sti 398 XXXIX. Remarks on the Age of some Arctic and North-Atlantic Starfishes. By Janus A. Gris, Curator of the Bergen Museum, Bergeon, NOLWAY mecitle « xcctelet ets eterelre eteaeia sola telah, fects c teenies 400 XL. Synopsis of the American Species of Zana. By G. A. BS OUIGHN GIO AEC. Sev cie'eiclere « cle 4 Wale we’ s «els lela Matealsfoll age olnye ieee 408 XLI. A remarkable Cysticercus from a rare Dolphin (Cysticercus Tenie Grimaldi, Moniez, 1889). By H. A. Bayuis, M.A. ...... 417 XLII. On Indo-Chinese Hymenoptera collected by R. Vitalis de Salvaza.—I. By Rowxianp HE. Turner, F.Z,S., F.H.S........... 425 XLII. A remarkable new Ball-rolling Beetle (Family Scara- bende). By GIEBERT JOARROW . Gute ccm oie wales « Stones See 433 Proceedings of the Geological Society 2.0... cc cre eee cee eves 43 NUMBER 17. XLIV. Descriptions of New Pyralide of the Subfamilies Cram- bine and Sigine. By Sir Grorcr F, Hampson, Bart., F.Z.8., &c, 487 XLY. Some new Entozoa from Birds in Uganda. By H. A. UB ACIS MOA G26 he veatszoe Nos feycyarccses aUannie Ts egaReneNe Le slecells inxadel> arsh)scleuetad® 16 457 XLVI. Ethiopian Heteroptera: some new Species of Keduvide belonging to the Genera Pystéala and Platyneris. By W. L. D)ESUAINT: Wares etry oar cio) didn oh bebctint or gtatig ah set shedioheG ne aS eM Meie i Malar 3c AOS 4G6 sieil ie a CONTENTS. Vil Page XLVII, Papors on Oriental Carabide.—I. By H. Eh. ANprewss, 469 XLVIII. On Indo-Chinese Hymenoptera collected by R. Vitalis de Salvaza.—II. By Rowxanp E. Turner, ¥.ZS., FLEAS. ...... 483 XLIX. Description ‘of a new Genus and Two new Species of Eleterocera,. (By Lord Rornscwiny, FRAG. 2... cence ces eee cas 48 | L. On small Mammals from ‘Otro Cerro,” North-eastern Rioja, collected by Sr. L. Budin. By O_pFretp THomas......... Stipe e) NUMBER 18. LI. A Collection of Entozoa, chiefly from Birds, from the MurmanConst, By HA: Bayirs, MOA. ooo. ee lee oc 501 LU. The Classification of the Mongooses (Mungotide). By Ree derke COME PR Sec: ds cvalers vis ve six on a'vs sates ; 515 LUI. On Two new Parasitic Mites (Myocoptes hintoni and isonoptesimataiensis), By SWANLEY HIRST =. .00 cee c cca unas 524 LIV. The Selection of Helix nemoralis by the Song-Thrush (Turdus musicus). By Maup D,. Haviwanp, Hon. Mem. B.O.U., BAN CES ELT D 6 sre auqu cists eine és es'cs os Bhi hit Conor ce tape ee) LV. On the Genus Lepidobatrachus, Budgett. By G. A. Bov- TERSGHERE LECT b Roa Zan Bie aCe Oe MRT ST a a A 531 LVI. Descriptions of New Pyralide of the Subfamilies Cram- bine and Sigine. By Sir Grorcer F, Hampson, Bart., F.Z.S., &c. 533 LVII. Description of a new Dyscophid Frog from Yunnan, By See DOULENGME: OM, RS riericcte ces alles adele wag seule vecek'ys 548 LVIII. On a new Variety of Acanthodactylus boskianus, Daut., from the Euphrates. By G. A. Boutencer, F.R.S. ............ 549 LIX. Notes on the Ichnewmonide in the British Museum.—lI. iby RowLanp: E; Turner, F.ZS8., FES. oc cicscce sc cees OGGUg 550 LX. Two new Gerbils from Sinai. By OtpFrreinp THomas ,... 559 nid Gx eperratin oe. SE CRE sont 3 561 PLATES IN VOL. III. PuatE I. New African Curculionide. If IV. ; Larvee ete. of Mycetobia, Ditomyia, and Symmerus. VI. Batopora (Bryozoa). : vate VIL. zs Cosmopbila. XI. XII. Deronectes depressus and elegans. Prionocerus and Idgia. Vol. ae _ NINTH SERIES. we No. 13. co eee ANNALS MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY, ZOOLOGY, BOTANY, anv GEOLOGY. CONDUCTED BY o Sods WILLIAM CARRUTHERS, Pu:D., F.R.S., F.L.S., F.G.S., ARTHUR E. SHIPLEY, M.A., Sc.D., F.R.S., F.Z.8., ; AND * RICHARD T. FRANCIS, F.ZS. 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At vos, o Nymphe Craterides, ite sub undas ; Tte, recurvato variata corallia trunco Vellite muscosis e rupibus, et mihi conchas Ferte, De pelagi, et pingui conchylia succo.” N. Parthenii Giannetlasi, Wel. 1, No. 13. JANUARY 1919. ].—On the African Genera of Wingless Brachyderine with Connate Claws (Coleoptera, Curculionide), By Guyve ae Marsnatt, D.Se. [Plate I.] Havine had occasion recently to identify a number of South African weevils of the genus Strophosomus, it became evident that several readily separable groups had been associated under this name; and, moreover, as might have been anticipated, a comparison of the Hthiopian species with the typical Muropean forms reveals the presence of constant differences, which render it desirable that they should be separated generically. This has necessitated an examination of all the allied African genera, for which a synoptic key is-here given. Unfortunately, two genera, each comprising a single species, are unknown to me and have therefore been pane viz. : Asdophronus, Schh., from Natal, and Blosyridius, Frm. (C.. Re Ent: Bele. xxxv. 1891, p- 298), from Somaliland. ‘The former, judging from Lacor- daire’s description of the tarsi, is related to Mimaulus, and the latter will come near Proscephaladeres. Schoduherr has also assigned to the genus neorrhinus three South African Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. i I 2 Dr. G. A. K. Marshall on African species with which I am unacquainted. They probably do not belong to that genus as now understood, and appear _to be related to the species here described under Leurops, from which they differ in the complete absence of the median stria on the forehead—an unusual character in this group. The Madagascar forms have not been included, as they are now being revised by M. A. Hustache. In discriminating the genera use has been made of characters drawn from the epistome, mandibles, and mentum, which have not been previously employed in this group, but which seem likely to be useful for separating the principal subdivisions, Unless otherwise stated, the types of all the new species are in the British Museum. Key to the Genera 1 (24). Epistome well defined, bounded by a distinct carina or obtuse ridge ; cutting-edge of mandibles with a median projection or tooth. 2 (17). Mentum entirely devoid of setz *. 3 ( 6). Tarsi narrow, setose beneath. 4 ( 5). Front tibize produced externally into a long process; eorbels of hind tibi enclosed; mandibles squamose.... Mimaulus, Schh. 5 ( 4). Front tibiz not produced externally ; hind corbels open; mandibles not squamose ... weve Mimaulodes, gen, nov. 6 ( 3). Tarsi broad, spongy beneath ; “corbels of hind tibize open, bare. 7 (10). First ventral segment with the hind margin rounded ; lower surface of rostrum more or less concave, the normal longitudinal impressions en- tirely or nearly obliterated. 8 ( 9). Elytra without any humeral promi- nence ; head separated from rostrum bya fine stria which curves strongly forwards in the middle; rostrum strongly narrowed in front; funicle not SqUAMOSE ......0...604.042. Pomphus, gen. nov. 9( 8). Elytra with a conspicuous humeral prominence; head separated from rostrum by a deep, gently sinuous furrow ; rostrum subquadrate ; funi- cle squamose Gost weeceees Bradybamon, gen. nov. 10 ( 7). First ventral segment with the hind margin straight or sinuate; lower surface of rostrum with two deep © /e'elig ee (0) 4 isl es * Some species of Proscephaladeres have a row of flat scales along the front edge of the mentum, but no true sete. Genera of Wingless Brachyderine. 3 longitudinal or oblique impressions, with a convex space between them. 11 (12). The three median ventral segments subequal in length ; forehead trisul- cate; scape short and stout, the externally visible portion much shorter than the funicle; rostrum separated from tke head by a furrow that extends quite to the side .... 12 (11). Second ventral segment longer than the third or fourth; forehead with at most a single furrow ; scape slen- der, the exposed portion almost or quite as long as the funicle. 13 (14), Metasternum between the cox very much shorter than the middle cox; mandibles squamose, with a well-marked longitudinal dorsal carina running from the scar to the DASGN araa cote e/a dela: We ate reve 14 (13), Metasternum as long as or only slightly shorter than the middle cox; mandibles without a dorsal carina. 15 (16). Serobes strongly dilated behind ; scape not exceeding the middle of the eye; funicle and mandibles clothed with scales ; eyes finely facetted .. 16 (15). Scrobes almost parallel-sided; scape reaching hind margin of eye; funicle and mandible entirely devoid of scales ; eyes comparatively coarsely facetted ..... re ge eee w Pat ae a ) 21). Corbels of hind tibie very oblique, lying almost entirely on the inner face of the tibia, their upper fringe of sete ascending the dorsal edge of the tibie in a straight line (as in Tanymecus) ; second ventral seeg- ment distinctly longer than the third or fourth, hind margin of the first more or less sinuate in the middle, the incision shallow. 19 (20). Rostrum separated from the forehead by a stria; eyes very prominent and produced backwards ....... tisds.p 3 20 (19). Rostrum continuous with the fore- head; .eyes simple, only slightly CONVER aed eerie s io Besielit tote whats « 21 (18). Corbels of hind tibize terminal, not ascending the tibie; the three median ventral segments subequal in length, hind margin of the first seoment straight, the incision deep. 22 (23). Corbels of hind tibize enclosed ; scape slender, clavate; forehead trisulcate ; Blosyrus, Schh, Proscephaladeres, Schh, Proscopus, gen. nov. [ Strophosomus, Billb. | Protostrophus, gen. nov, Leurops, gen, nov. 1* A -Dr: G. A. K. Marshall on African mentum with a transverse row of SIVE IOP SIX Seb © iit et. ap hans ecto ee Pseudoblosyrus,gen. nov. 23 (22). Corbels of hind tibize open ; scape very broadly dilated; forehead without any longitudinal furrow; mentum with only two sete .......+.+6..«+ Platyeopes, Schh. 24 (1). Epistome indistinct and quite unde- fined; cutting-edge of mandibles straight or rounded and without any median tooth; basal part of metepisternum angularly produced internally ; hind coxe reaching the elytra. 25 (26). Corbels of hind tibiz open; metepi- sternal suture distinct in its basal haif only ; mesepisterna meeting the elytra at the extreme base ; rostrum continuous with the forehead .... Syneehops, gen. noy. 26 (25). Corbels of hind tibize broadly en- ‘ closed; metepisternal suture distinct . throughout; mesepisterna broadly separated from the elytra by the mesepimera. 27 (386). Rostrum separated from the forehead by a transverse furrow. (35). Tarsi with two claws ; mentum setose. (82). Furrow separating the rostrum from the head straight or with a forward curve. 30 (31). Ventral intercoxal process truncate or gently rounded; front margin of prosternum without any promi- nences ; furrow separating. the ros- trum from the head straight or sliphtly SInUOUs 2.42.65 0d. 728s Ectatopsides, Bovie. 31 (80). Ventral process strongly angulated; margin of prosternum with a promi- nence on each side above-the coxe; furrow separating the rostrum from the head deeply curved forwards.. Cnassus, Pasc. 32 (29). Furrow separating the rostrum from the head angulate, with the apex of the angle directed backwards. 33 (84). Punctures on elytra in regular rows; eyes not produced backwards .... Cychrotonus, Pasc. 34 (83). Punctures on elytra partly irregular ; ; eyes produced backwards ........ Euerines, Jekel. 35 (28). Tarsi with only one claw; mentum devoidof seteel Woy w\. ov vee wes wie Gyponychus, Pasc. 36 (27). Rostrum not separated from the fore- head by a transverse furrow or stria. Embolodes, Mshl. Genus Mimautus, Schh. To the characters cited by Schénherr (Mant. Sec. Cure. p- 18) and Lacordaire (Gen. Cure. vi. p. 33) the following Genera of Wingless Brachyderine. 5 points may be added:—Mandibles multisétose, squamose, with a distinct median tooth; mentum bare and deeply sunk in its cavity. Antenne with the funicle not squamose. Gular margin of the prosternum deeply sinuate ; mes- epimeron very small and not separating the mesepisternum from the elytron at the base; metasternum at its shortest much shorter than the mid-coxe, metepisternal suture com- plete, metepisternum not dilated at its base, hind cox broadly separated from the elytra. Venter with the inter- coxal process truncate and as broad as the hind coxa; hind margin of segment | gently arcuate, its length behind the coxa greater than that of segment 2, which is longer than 3 or 4. As at present known, the genus-is confined to South-east Africa, south of the Limpopo. Genus MimavLopes, nov. Head deeply constricted behind the eyes and with a central furrow which does not reach the vertex ; eyes quite lateral, nearly flat and oblique, as seen from above, so that-the head is broadest at their projecting hind margins. Rostrum about as long as the head and separated from it by a straight transverse. furrow, strongly narrowed in front ; epistome well defined, nearly three times as broad as long, shallowly sinuate in front, and the hind margin forming a low curve ; mandibles bearing five or six sete, not squamose, with a strong median tooth, the scar flat and almost circular; mentum bare, immersed ; scrobes oblique, almost straight and parallel-sided, the upper edge touching the lower margin of the eye; lower surface of rostrum without longitudinal impressions, but shallowly excavated for the reception of the antenns. Antenne very short, squamose ; scape reaching the middle of the eye, strongly clavate; funicle with joint 1 much longer and broader than 2, 3-7 very short and gradually widening. Prothorax much broader than long, the base arcuate in the middle and slightly sinuate at each side, the sides rounded. Sceutellum invisible. Elytra fused together and strongly inflexed at the sides, only slightly broader at the rounded shoulders than the prothorax, the longitudinal outline forming & very low curve continuous with that of the pronotum, the posterior declivity almost vertical. Sternum with the gular margin shallowly sinuate ; mesepisternum meeting the elytron only at the extreme base, the mid-coxze very narrowly separated ; metasternum much shorter than the mid-coxz, its episternum not dilated 6 Dr. G. A. K. Marshall on African inwardly at the base, the episternal stria complete, the hind coxze widely separated from the elytra. Venter with the intercoxal process slightly angulated at the base and nar- rower than the coxa; segment 1 with the hind margin straight, its length behind the coxa equal to that of 2, which is longer than 3 or 4. Legs short; tibize armed with stout spines, but the external apical angle not produced, the corbels of the hind pair open, squamose and very oblique ; tarsi narrow, setose beneath, not spongy. o unknown. Genotype, Mimauledes fimbriatus, sp. n. The general form is entirely that of Mimau/odes, and the insects are similarly covered with a thick earthy incrusta- tion, so that several of the structural characters given above can only be observed when the specimen has been scraped. Mimaulodes fimbriatus, sp. n. Integument pale brown, densely clothed with grey scales mingled with a natural earthy indumentum, and nearly always more or less coated with mud. Head with stout, dark, suberect setee and a dense patch of paler ones above each eye; eyes nearly circular and with a complete ring of pale scales. Rostrum almost flat above, with a very shallow transverse impression near the apex, so that the apical area appears to be raised; the sides quite vertical, so that no sign of the scrobe can be seen from above, the dorsal edge obtusely angulated above the base of the scrobe. Prothorax twice and a half as broad as long, broadest near the base and much narrower in front ; the integment, when scraped, appears uneven and finely rugulose, being set with short, subrecumbent, stout, dark sete, and there is along the lateral margin an uneven fringe of very long, upwardly curved sete. Ji/ytra broadly ovate, the sides gently rounded, broadest about the middle, the apical outline broadly rounded ; the base not fitting very closely to the prothorax, jointly sinuate in the middle and rounding away at the sides ; the dorsal surface with very shallow and broad sulci, the narrower raised intervals each bearing a row of stout, suberect, dark setze, while at the shoulders and along the dorsal margins 1s an outstanding fringe of much longer sete, these being longest at the shoulders and gradually diminishing behind. Legs densely squamose and with stout raised sete ; anterior pairs of tibiz with four spines along the apical edge, two or three on the apical third of the dorsal Genera of Wingless Brachyderinee. 7 edge, and one on the lower edge ; hind tibic also with four apical spines and two on the lower edge, the corbel with a dorsal border of two to four short, closely set-spines and a longer terminal one. Length 3-34 mm., breadth 2-24 mm. TRANSVAAL: Benoni, 22. xi. 17 (EZ. Buckles). Described from five specimens forwarded by the Division of Entomology, Pretoria, with a note that the species was damaging the leaves and bark of Hucalyptus viminalis. Genus Pompuus, nov. Head short and broad, with a central stria that reaches the vertex and another on each side about midway between it and the eyes, behind which there is a deep constriction ; eyes quite lateral, very prominent, subconical, not or but slightly sloping backwards, their greatest depth behind the middle. Rostrum strongly narrowed in front, longer than the head and separated from it by a stria which runs from the eye to the apex of the outer stria on the forehead, and there making a sharp angle runs forwards to the apex of the median stria; from the middle of the base diverge two oblique abbreviated furrows ; epistome sharply defined, almost an equilateral triangle, the sides forming a very low carina; mandibles multisetose, with only a few scales and an obtuse median tooth, the scar almost circular; mentum bare, immersed ; scrobes narrow, deep, bare, and almost straight in the basal two-thirds, the upper edge ending a little below the lower margin of the eye. Antenne with the scape rather slender, abruptly clavate and reaching beyond the middle of the eye; funicle not squamose, joint 1 as long as but thicker than 2, the remainder bead-like. Prothorax at least twice as broad as long, truncate at base and apex. Scutellum invisible. Hlytra broadly ovate, the longitudinal outline moderately convex, not continuous with that of the pronotum, the basal margin jointly sinuate and elevated, the angles projecting, the punctation more or less irregular, Sternum with the gular margin sinuate, the front coxe nearer to it than to the hind margin, the front margin raised into a prominent ridge on each side from the eye nearly as far as the coxa; mesepisternum meeting the elytron at the base; metasternum between the coxe hardly half as long as the mid-coxe, the episternal furrow complete, the episternum not produced inwardly at the base, the hind cox broadly separated from the elytra. Venter with the 8 Dr. G. A. K. Marshall on African intercoxal process rounded and narrower than the coxa ; segment 1 (behind the coxa) longer than 2, and 2 longer than 3, the hind margin of segment 1 arcuate. Legs short and rather stout; femora moderately clavate and simple; tibize unguiculate, the corbels of the hind pair oblique, bare, and open, but with the apical edge slightly bent inwards ; claws connate. In the & the fifth ventral segment is shorter and flat, in the ¢ it is a little longer and slightly convex. Genotype, Strophosomus kirschi, Faust (Ent. Nachr. xi. 1885, p. 88). Pomphus denticollis, sp. n. (PI. 1. fig. 3.) Black, with erey or sandy scaling, the pronotum with a very broad median brown stripe, and the elytra with very variable dark brown markings, which are sometimes almost entirely obliterated. Head almost flat on the forehead and set with stout erect sete, the integument quite hidden by the scaling. Rostrum with the sides strongly convergent from the eyes to beyond the middle, thence nearly parallel ; upper surface with two deep sulci strongly diverging from the centre of the base as far as the middle of the disk, the lateral areas outside them being shallowly impressed ; the central carina is prominent where it meets the epistome, but diminishes behind and disappears about the middle; the clothing as on the forehead. Antenne with the apical half of the scape squamose ; funicle with joints 8, 4, and 6 subequal and slightly longer than broad, 5 a little shorter, 7 as long as 6 but distinctly broader. Prothorax twice and a half as broad as long, the base (when seen clear of the elytra) not broader than the apex ; the sides, as seen from above, distinctly denticulate, there being a specially marked projection close to the base, and the apical angles prominent ; apical margin strongly reflexed down the sides, the ridge thus formed ceasing abruptly on a line with the outer edge of the coxa; upper surface strongly convex transversely, closely set with rather indefinite granules (the rugose sculpturing beimg hidden by the sealing), and with a central furrow that reaches neither the base nor the apex; the longitudinal outline only slightly curved, the apex being only a little lower than the base. Elytra with the sides strongly rounded, broadest about the middle, scarcely striate, but with rather irregular rows of punctures, which are conspicuous through the scaling and often duplicated; the intervals broad, finely aciculate Genera of Wingless Brachyderine. 9 (beneath the scaling), and each bearing a single row of stout, flattened, erect sete. Length 4-42 mm., breadth 24-23 mm. Porrucuese EH. Arrica: Beira (P. A. Sheppard). This species probably represents on the coast the very closely allied P. kirschi, Fst., which at present is known only from Nyasaland. The latter differs in having the sides of the prothorax simply rounded and not denticulate, the lateral areas of the rostrum are not impressed, the sete on the elytra are distinctly longer and more slender, and the scales on the elytra are for the most part rather sharply pointed behind instead of being broadly rounded. Described from 1 ¢ and 5 2 ?. Genus BrapyBaMon, nov. Head with a short central furrow and slightly raised at the sides to form an obtuse eyebrow, which is higher behind than in front ; eyes quite lateral, nearly circular, “moderately prominent, and’ not produced backwards. Rostrum sub- quadrate, separated from the forehead by a deep sinuous furrow that distinctly reaches the sides, lower surface flattened or slightly concave ; epistome forming a sharp acute angle behind, the bounding carne unusually lugh and finely laminate, the front margin rather shorter than the sides ; mandibles multisetose, not squamose, with a median tooth, the scar flat and almost circular; mentum bare, somewhat sunk ineits cavity ; genze deeply impressed, the posterior angle rather prominent. Antenne with the scape abruptly clavate and reaching about the middle of the eye; funicle squamose, joint 1 equal to or longer than 2, the others short, 7 the broadest. Scutedlum invisible. Elytra with the sides forming a straight slope from the base to the well-marked Ghenaneee prominence, the basal margin sinuate ; in profile, the outline of the posterior declivity forms almost a semicircle, the apex being inflexed so that it lies in front of the middle of the declivity. Sternum with the gular margin gently sinuate, the ceutro-sternite forming an elongate tubercle ; mesepisternum meeting or or very “narrowly separated from the elytra ; metasternum much shorter than the mid- -coxee, with a distinct antecoxal fold, the episternal furrow deep and complete, the episternum narrow and not angulate inwardly at the base, the hind coxe separated from the elytra. Venter with the intercoxal process gently rounded and as broad as the coxa; the hind margin of segment 1 curved, so that segment 2 is much 10 Dr. G. A. K. Marshall on African shorter in the middle than at the sides, its length at the former point being about equal to that of 3 or 4. Legs rather short and stout; tibize with a sharp mucro, the corbels of the hind pair open and bare; the claws connate. All the specimens examined appear to be females. Genotype, Strophosomus granicollis, Boh. Thanks to the kindness of Prof. E. B. Poulton, F.R.S., I have been able to examine the cotypes of S. granicollis, Boh., in the Sommer collection, which he recently presented to the Oxford Museum. From the description, it seems fairly certain that Stropho- somus verrucicollis, Fst.(Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1899, p. 390), from the Congo, also belongs to this genus. The angulate elytra and tuberculate thorax would at onee distinguish these insects from the other African “ Stropho- somus,” and they have more the appearance of very small Blosyrus, which may however be distinguished by the very different structure of the epistome and lower surface of the rostrum, the more prominent eyes, and the straight hind margin of the first ventral segment. Key to the Species. 1 (6). Prothorax with small, close, confluent tuber- cles throughout. 2 (3). The two median furrows on the rostrum subparallel ; the two basal joints of the funiclesequal; punctures on elytra more or less irregular ....... a ESN Sie tele: Wits n Meat granicollis, Boh. 3 (2). The two ‘median farrows on the rostrum strongly divergent in front; joint 1 of the funicle ‘longer than 2. 4 (5). Hlytra marginate at the base, the rows of punetures more or less irregular or ple Gates. ccobees dats o Hit ohyeldk beak slew aig . swalet, sp. n, 5 (4). Elytra not marginate at the base, the rows of punctures quite 1 regular ...... . regularis, sp. 0. 6 (1). Prothorax punctate on the disk ‘and tuber- culate laterally? J+... cane. sh ean dome Verrmccollis, Hats Bradybamon swalei, sp.n. (PI. I. fig. 6.) 9. Colour piceous, with dense earth-brown scaling; pronotum with a broad, median, darker brown stripe, Sia gradually widens from apex to base; elytra with an ill- defined dark stripe running obliquely from behind the shoulder to beyond the middle of stria 2 and edged behind with an indefinite pale stripe ; the apical area with irregular dark brown and paler patches ; these markings may become more or less obsolete. Genera of Wingless Brachyderine. ll Tfead with a short longitudinal impression on each side adjoining tlic supra-octlar 3 ridge, the vertex transversely impressed ; eyes very convex, deepest slightly behind the middle. Rostr um as long as its basal width, the dorsal area broadest at the base and gradually narrowed in front, with a shallow central impression containing a low scale-covered carina, on each side of it an oblique furrow running from near the centre of the base to the middle of the disk, and beyond this again an irregular shallow longitudinal im- pression; as seen from above the posterior angles of the gen project strongly outwards, about three-fourths as far as the eyes. Antenne with joint 1 of the funicle distinctly longer than 2, 3as long as broad, 4-6 bead-like and trans- verse, 7 longer and bro der, Prothorax much broader than long, truncate at the apex, the base gently arcuate and broad as the apex, the basal angles rounded off, the sides moderately rounded, broadest about the middle, the apical constriction shallow; the upper surface scrobiculate, set with low confluent tubercles, and with an irregular central furrow. Elytra subquadrate, nearly as broad as long (3) x 4 mm.), the sides aimost parallel from the subhuimeral prominence to beyond the middle, the basal margin raised, broadly rounded behind; with very shallow furrows con- taining rows of punctures that are more or less irregular and duplicated, except near the suture and extreme lateral margins ; the intervals rather uneven and set with irregular rows of short, stout, erect setee ; the scales small, closely over- lapping, pointed, and deeply fluted. Length 5-6 mm., breadth 3-34 mm. Porrucunss EK. Arrica: Caia, Zambesi R. (Dr. H. Swale). Described from three specimens. In addition to the characters given in the key, B. grani- coltis, Boh., differs in being a distinctly narrower insect, the eyes are larger, the gene are scarcely visible from above, and the sete on the elytra are longer and more numerous. Bradybamon regularis, sp. u. ?. Colour black, with uniform earth-brown scaling. Head ot transversely impressed on the vertex, the forehead with lateral impressions; eyes relatively large, not very convex, deepest behind the middle. Rostrum sub- quadrate, about as loug as broad, the sides parallel and vertical, so that the gen are scarcely visible from above; the upper surface with two median sulci, which diverge {2 Dr. G. A. K. Marshall on African strongly from the base to the middle of the disk and enclose a low median scale-covered costa, and on each side of these an indistinct longitudinal impression. Antenne with joint 1 of the funicle longer than 2, the remaining joints short and gradually widening outwardly. Prothorax much broader than long, the base and apex of equal width, the former arcuate, the latter truncate, the sides very strongly rounded, broadest much before the middle; the upper surface closely set with small low confluent tubercles, and with an indistinct central furrow. Hlytra oblong- ovate, parallel-sided from the subhumeral prominence to beyond the middle, very broadly rounded behind, the basal margin not raised; with very shallow sulci, each containing a single row of deep close punctures; the intervals. only slightly convex and bearing a single row of broadly truncate, seale-like, erect sete. Length 33-44 mm., breadth 2-2} mm. ZAMBEZI R. Described from two specimens- Genus ProscerHauaperes, Schh. To this genus are here referred all the A frican “‘ Stropho- somus’’ having subglobose elytra. Apart from their some- what different facies, they may be distinguished from the other African species with which they have hitherto been associated by the following points :—The mentum is entirely devoid of true sete, though in most of the species there is a row of scales along its anterior edge—a very unusual character; the corbels of the hind tibiz are more nearly terminal in position; the first joint of the funicle is never longer than the second, being rarely equal to it and usually distinctly shorter; the apical margin of the rostrum is deeply sinuate ; and the hind coxe are distinctly separated from the elytra. The true European Strophosomus differ in having non- squamose and non-carinate mandibles, non-squamose funicles, a distinctly longer metasternum, and more coarsely facetted eyes. The described species which ‘should be placed here are: Strophosomus aspericollis, Fhs., S. lineatus, Fhs., S. varia- bilis, hs. (Ofv. K. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 1871, pp. 13, 14), S. binotatus, Mshl., and 8. salisburiensis, Mshl. (Proc. Zool. Soe. 1906, pp. 912, 913) ; and more than a dozen additional undescribed species are known to me. ; 2 EEN Genera of Wingless Brachyderine. 13 Genus Proscorpus, nov. Head about as long as its width between the eyes, with a central furrow that almost reaches the vertex ; eyes lateral, prominent, semicircular. Rostrum about as long as the head, narrowed in front, separated from the forehead by a deep furrow that reaches the sides ; ; epistome short, well defined, but the sides not carinate, the front margin shallowly sinuate ; mandibles squamose (sete aietacdy: without any longitudinal dorsal carina, but with an obtuse median tooth, the scar indistinct and subtrianeular ; mentum bare, much wider in front than behind and rather deeply sunk in its cavity, which is more oblong than usual, the basal angles being almost right angles; scrobes lateral, curved, and squamose, becoming markedly wider and shallower behind, the upper edge below the lower margin of the eye. Antenne with the scape rather stout, cylindrical, and gradually widening from near the base ; funicle stout; squamose, the two basal joints of equal length, the remainder bead-like and subequal. Prothorax transverse, truncate at base and apex. Scutellum minute. Elytra subtruncate at the base, not constricted or marginate, without any humeral prominence, the. apices jointly rounded. Sternum with the gular margin truncate, the coxee in the middle of the pro- sternum ; mesosternum longer than usual, the episternum meeting the elytron at the base; metasternum between the coxe as long as the mid-coxe, with a very shallow ante-— coxal fold, tiie episternum not angularly produced internally at the base, the episternal suture almost obliterated, the hind coxze narrowly separated from the elytra. Venter with the intercoxal process slightly angulate and broader than the hind coxe; segment 2 longer than 38. Legs rather slender ; corbels of the hind tibiz opeu, bare, and terminal ; claws connate. ¢ unknown. Genotype, Proscopus marginatus, sp. n. The elongate metasternum is quite unusual in the African members of this group, and the general facies of the only known species is more like that of a Tanymecine of the genus Iphisomus. Proscopus marginatus, sp.n. (Pl. I. fig. 4.) 9. Black, with rather thin grey scaling (through which the shiny integument is clearly visible) and a few whitish markings ; head with a narrow ring of whitish scales round 14 Dr. G. A. K. Marshall on African the eyes, expanding into a broad patch beneath, the sete on the forehead slightly raised ; prothorax with a narrow central whitish stripe, a broad lateral one behind the eye, and an ill-defined one above the cox, the sete recumbent ; elytra with numerous recumbent, scale-like, brownish setie and the following whitish markings: a sutural stripe from the base to the middle, another on interval 7 starting a little before the middle and ending some distance from the apex, a short basal stripe at the shoulder continuous with the upper lateral one on the thorax, and a marginal stripe, which only reaches stria 10 in the basal half, gradually extending to stria 9 behind the middle and wideuing still more at the apex ; along the dorsal striz there are irregular spots of whitish scales, and the lower surface is unevenly clothed with similar scales. Head rugosely punctate, the forehead flat, with two very irregular longitudinal impressions on each side of the central furrow; a shallow impression immediately below the eye. Rostrum rugosely punctate, the disk shallowly im- pressed and witha very broad and deep central furrow in the basal half ; an obtuse ridge on each side, beyond which the sides slope gradually to the scrobes ; the genze not impressed. Prothorax nearly twice as hroad as long, the sides moderately rounded, broadest in the middle, evenly and very rugosely punctate throughout, without any furrow or carina, and the basal margin not raised. M/ytra regularly elliptical, the dorsal outline strongly curved and raised high above the pronotum, the posterior declivity becoming vertical on a line with the apex of stria 5; striz shallow and containing deep separated punctures on the disk, the punctures shallower and the strie deeper at the apex and sides; the intervals almost flat and much broader than the striz. Legs with fairly dense pale scales, the tibiae with rather long suberect sete, the hind pair granulate internally. Length 6} mm., breadth 3} mm. Carr Cotony : Namaqualand, Described from a single specimen, Genus ProrosTROPHUS, Nov. Head with a central furrow and constricted behind the eyes, which are produced backwards. Rostrum strongly narrowed in front, separated from the forehead by a short stria or sulcus that does not nearly reach the sides, which are almost vertical, so that the scrobes are not visible from above, the apex almost truncate ; epistome well defined, Genera of Wingless Brachyderine. 1 almost an equilateral triangle ; mandibles densely squamose (occasionally bare—P. sparsus, Fhs., and P. longulus, Boh.), multisetose, with a distinct median tooth, the sear variable ; mentum with numerous erect setze on the anterior half, usually arranged in a tuft of three to six oneach side, the basal half sunk in the cavity ; serobes passing well below the eyes, more or less squamose. Antenne with the scape slender, clavate, reaching about the middle of the eye; funicle squamose, joint 1 much longer than 2 (except in P. strigifrons, Fhs., in which they are equal). Prothorax variable in form, but always transverse and narrower at the apex than at the base. Seu/ellum invisible. Sternum with the gular margin more or less sinuate, the coxe about in the middle of the prosternum ; mesepister num usually, but not always, separated from the elytron by its epimeron ; metasternum much shorter than the mid- cox, with a more or less distinct antecoxal fold, the episternal suture com- plete, the episternum not pr oduced inwardly at the base and rapidly narrowing to a point behind, the hind coxe touch- ing the elytra. V enter with the intercoxal process narrower than the coxe, slightly angulate or gently rounded; hind margin of segment 1 shallowly sinuate, segment 2 much longer than 8. Legs with the corbels of the posterior pairs of tibiz squamose or bare, very oblique, with the upper fringe of sete ascending the dorsal edge of the tibia in a straight line, and the extreme apical edge narrowly enclosed (except in P. sparsus and its allies) ; claws connate. In the males the elytra are narrower than in the females ; the first ventral segment is very slightly impressed, and the last is shorter and more broadly ronnded ; in some species the legs are markedly stouter than in the females, Genotype, Strophosomus crucifrons, Bob. Distinguished from true Strophosomus by the setose mentum, the squamose mandibles and antenne, and the very oblique corbels of the hind tibiz. Apart from the species here assigned to the genera Pro- scephaladeres, Brachybamon, Pomphus, and Leurops, all the Atrican “ Strophosomus”’ known to me fall within the present genus; and, judging by the descriptions, this is also likely to prove true of S. ancorifrons, Boh., rotundicollis, Boh., crucifer, Boh., obsoletesiynatus, Boh., indoctus, Boh., pupil- latus, Boh., dilaticollis, Boh., denticollis, Quedf., hamaticollis, Pér., and concinnus, Hartm. The position of S. hystria, Fst. (Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1899, p. 389), from the Congo, is doubtful, 16 Dr. G. A. K. Marshall on African Protostrophus immerens, sp. 0. 9. Black, with dense sandy-grey scaling ; the prothorax with an ill-defined broad ceutral brown stripe, an interrupted narrow line on each side of it, and a broad lateral stripe on the inflexed portion, the dorsal markings being sometimes absent; the elytra often with several rows of very indefinite darker spots, usually in the striz. Head separated from the rostrum by a curved stria, which does not nearly reach the margins; the forehead smooth, the sculpturing entirely hidden by the scaling, and with a deep central furrow; the eyes prominent, strongly produced backwards, moderately convex, deepest about the middle, © the hind edge of the orbit not projecting. Rostrum trape- zoidal, much shorter than its basal width, rapidly narrowing in front, the sides straight ; the upper surface flat, with only a very inconspicuous scale-covered central carina in the basal half, and the very shallow punctation hidden by the dense scaling; the gene not impressed. Antenne testaceous brown, with the first joint of the funicle distinctly longer and thicker than the second, which is about twice as long as the third. Prothorax not quite twice as broad as long (5:3), broadest at the middle, the sides moderately rounded, forming an obtuse granulated lateral edge, very deeply constricted laterally at the extreme base, and slightly emarginate on each side at the apex for the reception of the eyes; the basal margin narrowly raised, truncate and not broader than the apical, which is shallowly sinuate in the middle, the angles before the basal constriction rounded, and the apical ones almost right angles; the upper surface moderately convex transversely, but almost flat longi- tudinally, with fine confluent shallow punctation (hidden by scaling) and a shallow central stria, which is sometimes feebly indicated when the scaling is intact. lytra oblong- ovate, almost parallel-sided from near the base to beyond the middle, jointly sinuate at the base and very broadly rounded behind; the striz very shallow, the punctures merely indicated through the scaling and each containing a minute recumbent seta; the intervals broad, slightly con- vex, finely rugose, and each with a row of recumbent pale setee ; the scales slightly smaller than those on the pro- thorax, smooth, subcireular, very dense and closely con- tiguous. Legs with the front tibize dilated at the apex and there armed with eight short stout spines, of which the inner- most pair are very small and contiguous, and the outermost spine is more distant from the rest ; the mid-tibiz with four Genera of Wingless Brachy devine. ul or five similar apical spines and two more slender ones on the inner surface iu the apical half ; corbels of the hind tibiz with a single row of scales at the apex, the apical margin narrowly enclosed. Sternum with the mesepisterna sepa- rated from the base of the elytra. Length 33-4 mm., breadth 2-2! mm, ZULULAND : Ndumu, 1. 1914. Like a small specimen of P. amplicollis, Fhs., to which it is very nearly related, but in that species the rostrum is more distinctly carinate, the hind margin of the orbit 1s produced beyond the eye, the sides of the prothorax are more explanate and much more strongly rounded, and its base is not marginate. The adult beetles were found eating the leaves of the ground-nut (Arachis hypogea). Received from the Division of Entomolog gy, Pretoria. Protostrophus spinicollis, sp.n. (PI. I. fig. 5.) 3 ?. Colour black, the upper surface and the sternum clothed with dense pale green scales, those on the legs, venter, and the inflexed margins of the elytra being grey with a pale coppery reflexion, which colouring is also some- times present on the head and pronotum., Head separated from the rostrum by a deeply curved stria, which nearly reaches the eye on each side; the fore- head flattened and on a lower level than the inner edges of the orbits, rugosely punctate (concealed by the scaling), and with a broad and deep central furrow ; eyes very prominent and strongly produced backwards, moderately convex, and with the greatest depth far behind the middle, the posterior edge of the orbit not projecting. Rostrum unusually long and narrow, distinctly louger than its basal width, sharply narrowing from the base to the middle and thence parallel- sided to the apex ; the upper surface almost flat, set with coarse shallow punctures, each containing a scale, and with- out any furrow or carina; the gene simply rounded, not impressed. Antenne with the first funicular joint broader and much longer than the second, which is nearly twice as long as the third. Prothorax broader than long, the sides gradually rounded from the apex to behind the middle and there armed with a sharp backwardly-directed tooth, behind which the sides are deeply sinuated, so that the base is scarcely wider than the apex; the basal margin rounded, with a shallow sinuation in the middle, the apical margin truncate; the upper surface strongly conyex transversely Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. i. 2 18 Dr. G. A. K. Marshall on Ajrican and moderately so on its long axis, finely wrinkled longi- tudinally (the sculpture hidden by the scaling, but the ridges showing through here and there like shiny granules), and with a broad central furrow, which is almost filled by a broad, flattened, shiny, impunctate carina. /i/ytra oval, broadest about the middle, jointly sinuate at the base, with the external angles projecting forwards into a short blunt point ; when the scaling is intact the strize appear narrow and very shallow, the intervals being broad, flat, and set with minute indistinct punctures (hidden by the scaling) ; the scales are small, almost circular, and contiguous, but not overlapping ; the sete are short, dark, scale-like, and recumbent.. Legs with the corbels of the hind tibiz bare, and the apical margin narrowly enclosed ; the front tibice without distinct apical teeth. Sternum with the mesepi- sterna broadly meeting the elytra. Length 33-4 mm., breadth 13-2 mm. TransvaaL : Naboomspruit (D. Anderson). An isolated species, distinguished by its long narrow rostrum, prominent eyes, and toothed prothorax. Received from the Division of Entomology, Pretoria, with the information that the beetles were destroying young maize-plants. Genus Lrurops, nov. Head broad, the forehead almost fiat and with a central stria which does not quite reach the vertex ; eyes quite lateral, short-oval, horizontal, and only slightly convex, the curvature being unusually low as compared with allied genera. Rostrum a little longer than the head, strongly narrowed from base to apex, and completely continuous with the forehead; gene not dilated; epistome small, depressed, the sides not carinate, the front margin shallowly sinuate ; mandibles scaly and multisetose, with a strong median tooth, the scar almost circular and not very distinct; mentum with the basal half depressed and more or less deeply sunk in its cavity, the front half with numerous sete; scrobes very narrowly visible from above and broadly dilated behind. Antenne with the scape slender, abruptly clavate and reaching about the middle of the eye ; funicle squamose, joint 1 much longer than 2, the remainder slightly longer than broad. Prothorax broadest at the base, the basal margin rounded. Scuteldum minute. Llytra fitting very closely to the prothorax, their sides forming very nearly a continuous line; the dorsal longitudinal curvature very flat Genera of Wingless Brachyderina. 19 and almost continuous with that of the prothorax, the lateral areas very sharply inflexed and without any humeral prominence ; the surface very even and scarcely striate. Slernum with the gular margin sinuate, the cox in the middle of the prosternum, and the centro-sternite not tuber- cular ; mesepisternum not transversely impressed at the base and separated from the elytrou by the mesepimeron: metasternum between the cox much shorter than the mid- coxe, and with no transverse fold in front of the hind cox, the metepisternum continuously narrowed behind almost to a point, its base not produced internally, and the dividing suture complete ; hind cox extremely narrowly separated from the elytra. Venter with the intercoxal process dis- tinctly narrower than the hind cox, and its margin gently rounded ; hind margin of segment 1 very shallowly sinuate, segment 2 longer than 3 or 4. Legs short; the corbels of the hind tibise oblique, squamose, and narrowly enclosed at the extreme apex, the external fringe of setz shortly ascending the dorsal edge of the tibia ; tarsal claws connate. There are no marked external sexual characters ; the first ventral segment of the gis shallowly impressed, and the last one shorter than in the ?. Genotype, Leurops cana, sp. n. The absence of the transverse stria separating the rostrum from the forehead and the comparatively slight convexity of the eyes, combined with the oblique squamose corbels of the hind tibise, will readily distinguisa the species of this genus from their allies. Leurops cana, sp.n. (PI. I, fig. 1.) d ?. Colour black, the legs black to piceous; the last tarsal joint, antenue, mentum, and part of the mandibles dark testaceous. The scaling dense, ash-grey above and below, sometimes with an admixture of pale brownish scales above, forming a very faint, broad, central stripe on the pronotum and some broken lines on the elytra; the latter u-ually with traces of a whitish spot about the middie of interval 5 and another behind it on interval 3. flead quite smooth, the fine close punctation almost entirely hidden by the scaling and the short, broad, back- wardly recumbent sete; eyes very short-oval (3:28). Rostrum a little shorter than its basal width, almost flat above, with a shallow central impression in the anterior half containing an indistinct longitudinal carina ; the upper 2 20 Dr. G. A. K. Marshall on African edge of the scape running far below the eye. Prothorax perfectly smooth, the punctation and clothing as on the head, and without any central stria or carina; the basal margin not carinate, the front margin straight dorsally and hardly sinuate behind the eyes, and the sides very slightly rounded. Elytra very broadly ovate, the transverse dorsal curve very flat; the actual apex rapidly narrowed to a rounded point, but not visible directly from above; the basal margin jointly sinuate, embracing the base of the prothorax, but not constricted or marginate; the surface quite even, with regular rows of small separated punctures, each con- taining a minute seta; the intervals broad and finely coriaceous (the sculpture hidden by the scaling), and bearing irregularly placed, small, reeumhent, scale-like sete, which are by no means easy to see; the suture completely hidden by the scalin». Length 4-5 mm., breadth 23-3 mm. OranceE Free Strate: Bothaville (Dr. H. Brauns). Described from seven specimens. Leurops obesa, sp. n. 6. Colour black, clothed with dense, uniform, ash-grey scaling; the antenne, legs, and part of the mandilles piceous. Very closely allied to the genotype, but differing as follows :—/Head with the eyes more nearly circular (34:8). Rostrum distinctly longer, a little longer than its basal width ; the upper edge of the scrobe, if continued, would touch the lower margin of the eye, whereas in ZL. cana it would pass far below the eye; the scrobe itself distinctly shallower behind. Prothorax propoitionately longer, with the front margin more deeply smuate behind the eye. Length 5 mm., breadth 3 mm. InTERIOR OF 8S, Arnica. Desciibed from a single male. Leurops substriata, sp. n. 3 ¢. Colour black, with dense scaling; the legs and antenne piceous black. In a well-marked specimen the pattern is as follows :—Ground-colour pale grey ; the upper- side of the lead and rostrum light brown, except the apex of the latter and a bisinuate transverse line at its base, a central line on the forehead and a stripe above each eye, Genera of Wingless Brachyderine. 21 which are grey; prothorax with a broad, dark brown, median stripe, a less distinct one on each side of it, and a narrower one on the inflexed sides ; elytra with the suture narrowly light Urowin, and with dark brown macular stripes covering striz 1, 2,5, and the base of 4. But some or all of these markings may be very nearly obliterated. Also very close structura ally to L. cana, but the eyes are decidedly more convex, and the central stria on the forehead is more concealed by the scaling; the rostrum is even shorter in proportion to its basal width, and the central carina is more raised at its base ; the sete on the head and rostrum are longer and distinctly raised, whereas in L. cana they lie quite flat; the sete on the pronotum and elytra are similarly longer and much more conspicuous; the prothorax has the basal margin narrowly carinate and less stronely rounded; the scutellum is smailer, being scarcely per- ceptible ; the elytra bear very shallow striz (of which there is no trace in the other two species), and when abraded the punctures appear appreciably larger and more closely set. Length 5-6 mm., breadth 3-34 mm. Oranee Free Stare: Paul Roux, 23. x. 1917 (M. G. Ferreira). Described from one male and four females ; received from the Division of Hntomology, Pretoria, with a record that the insects were injuring maize-plants. Genus PsruDOBLOSYRUS, Nov. Head twice as broad as long, trisculate, the eyes very prominent. Rostrum subquadrate, separated from the head by a deep sinuous furrow that reaches the sides, the lower surface with two deep longitudinal furrows and a transverse basal impression ; epistome well defined, the sides forming an obtuse ridge, rounded behind, the front margin deeply sinuate and shorter than one of the sides ; mandibles multi- setose and without scaling, with a (listinct median tooth and a sharp longitudinal carina running from the scar to the base ; mentum with the anterior part convex and bearing a fringe of sete, the posterior part flat and deeply sunk in its cavity; scrobes entirely lateral and quite invisible from above, very deep and gradually widening outwardly, the upper edge ending on a level with the lower margin of the eye. Antenne with the scape gradually clavate and reaching the middle of the eye; funicle squamose, the two basal joints 22 D-. G. A. K. Marshall on Afric in of equal length. Prothorax transverse, the basal margin finely carinate. Scutelium concealed. Elytra subglobose, fitting closely to the prothorax, with a subhumeral pro- minence and irregular punctation. Sternum with the gular margin shallowly sinuate, the coxe in the middle of the prosternum, the centro-sternite small and tubercular ; mes- episterna narrowly separated from the elytra and with a transverse furrow at their extreme base (often hidden by the prosternum); metasternum between the cox distinetly shorter than the mid-coxe and with a strong antecoxal fold, the episternum angularly produced inwards at the base, the episternal suture more or less obliterated at its apex ; the hind coxz narrowly separated from the elytra. Venter with the intercoxal process strongly angulated, and nearly as broad as the hind cox; segment 1 with a sma!l sinuation in the middle of the hind margin, segm-nts 2-4 subequal ia length. Legs comparatively slender, the femora only slightly clavate; all the tibiae with a row of five to seven stout spines along the inner edge of the apical half, the hind tibie with the corbels obliquely terminal, bare and distinctly enclosed ; claws connate. ¢. The last ventral segment bears a large deep impression. Genotype, Pseudoblosyrus sharpt, sp. n. Superficially just like a Blosyrus, but distinguished by the setose mentum, the enclosed corbels of the lind tibiae, the angulated base of the metepisternum, and the irregularly foveate and tuberculate elytra. Pseudoblosyrus sharpi, sp. n. (PI. 1. fig. 2). g ?. Black, not very shiny, with sparse grey scaling on the elytra and pale bluish scales on the head and pronotum. Head with fine shallow punctation, the lateral sulci almost as deep as the central one; eyes hardly p-oduced backwards, their greatest depth well behind the m ddle, the hind edge of the orbit not projecting. Rostrum longer than the head, about as long as broad, almost parallel-sided, somewhat flattened above, with a strong complete central costa, which bifureates near the apex ; adjoining the costa on each side a broad, deep, oblique impression, the }unctation coarse, but very shallow. Antenne with joints 4-6 of the funicle sub- equal, bead-like, a little longer than broad, and shorter than 3 and 7, which are nearly equal. Prothorax with the sides rather strongly rounded, broadest before the middle, the apical margin truncate, narrower than the base and quite er ree ones Genera of Wingless Brachyderins. 23 vertical laterally, the basal margin arcuate; the upper surface coarsely coriaceous, with a broad oblong median impression, the dorsal outline sloping from base to apex. Elytra subglobose, broadest before the middle, the dorsal outline strongly convex, deepest before the middle, the base sinuate and slightly raised laterally, the apices jointly rounded ; set with shallow, irregular, more or less confluent and ill-defined fovez, only the juxta-sutural row and those on the inflexed sides being regular; the intervals with numerous irregular, large, low, rounded tubercles, which are bare and closely ‘and finely punctate ; the small broad curved sete ave with difficulty distinguishable from the true scales, Length 10-11 mm., breadth 55-6 unm. TRANSVAAL: Pretoria. Types, 8 in Dr. D. Sharp’s collection, @? in the British Museum. Described from 1 ¢ and 6 ? 9, all of which were kindly submitted to me by Dr. Sharp, who had already recognized that in spite of its superficial resemblance to Blosyrus this species is really more closely allied to the Madagascar genus Holonychus. Genus SYNECHOPS, nov. Head with a central furrow which does not reach the vertex, not constricted behind the eyes, which are quite lateral and very convex. Restrum strongly deflected, con- tinuous with the forehead, oblong, the dorsal edges broadly rounded off, the lower eames parallel with the upper ; epistome quite indefinite posteriorly, the apical edge deeply emarginate; mandibles multisetose, not squamose, without any median ‘tooth or dorsal longitudinal carina, the scar sub- triangular ; mentum setose ; ” serobes narrow, deep, and squamose, the upper edge ending on a level with the lower margin of the eye, t the apical portion partly visible from above. Antenne with the scape rather abruptly clavate, reaching about the middle of the eye; funicle squamose, the two basal jomts equal. Prothora# transverse, narrower in front than behind. Scutellwm small, but distinct. Elytra fitting closely to the prothorax, the base not marginate, the apices jointly rounded, the shoulders rounded, the punctation irregular, Siernum with. the gular margin truncate, the cox in the middle of the prosternum, the centro-sternite tubercular; mesepisterna meeting the one only at the Dae Dr. G. A. K. Marshall on Africin extreme base; metasternum shorter than the mid-soxe, with a distinct antecoxal fold, the episternnm produced inwards at the base, the episternal suture visible only in the basal half, the hind cox meeting the elytra. Venter with the intercoxal process angulated and narrower than the hind coxe, the hind margin of segment 1 sinuate, and segment 2 longer than 3 and 4 together. Legs with the femora mode- rately clavate; tibiz straight and cylindrical, not mucronate at the apex, the hind corbels open and bare ; ; tarsi broad, the claws connate. 3d unknown. Genotype, Synechops irregularis, sp. n. A rather isolated genus, readily distinguished by the following combination “of characters : the complete absence of any dividing-line between the rostrum and forehead, the open corbels of the hind tibiz, and the simple mandi ibles. Synechops irregularis, sp.n. (PI. I. fig. 8.) @. Black, with uniform, dense, sand-coloured scaling. Head yather strongly convex transversely, shallowly im- pressed on each side behind the eyes, the long scale-like sete quite recumbent; eyes nearly ‘circular and hemi- spherical. Rostrum stout, parallel-sided, almost flat above, but with the dorsal edges eae rounded away, with coarse confluent punctation (mostly hidden by scaling) and with a central furrow (continuous with that on the head) from the base to the middle. Antenne with joints 3-7 of almost equal length, but 7 distinctly broader “ the others, trapezoidal. Prothorax broader than long (23 x 2), the sides moderately rounded, broadest a little before the middle, with a very shallow transverse impression at about one-fourth from the apex, the basal margin very gently arcuate and not raised, the apex truncate ; the upper surface with coarse confluent punctation (mostly hidden by the scaling and stout recumbent sete) and no central furrow or carina, but with some irregular impressions on each side behind the middie ; the dorsal outline almost level, forming a continuous curve with that of the rostrum and head. Elytra oblong-ovate, rather broadly rounded behind (as seen directly from. above), the basal margin gently sinuite ; the dorsal outline rising from the scutellum, then almost. flat, and sloping steeply behind, the apical part quite vertical ; the punctation coarse and quite irregular, except for a row Genera of Wingless Brachyderine. 25 along the suture and two or three on the inflexed sides ; the spaces between the punctures, where visible, shining and coriaceous; the scales small, nearly circular, convex, and shiny ; the stout flattened setie irreg gularly placed and nearly recumbent. Length 84 mm., breadth 44 mm. Carre Cotony: Hex River. Described from a single specimen. Genus Cycurotonus, Pasc.* As a result of following Faust’s interpretation of the genus Chaunoderus, Gerst., I sank C ychrotonus as a synonym of it (Proce. Zool. Soe. 1906, p. 958). It is now clear that under Chaunoderus Faust associated insects having two distinct types of antennal scrobes. In the genotype, C. stupidus, Gerst., with which I am not acquainted, the scrobes are described as being of a normal Otiorrhynchine type—superior, directed straight towards the eyes, and disappearing a little before the middle of the rostrum ; whereas in Cychrotonus they curve downwards in front of the eye and extend to the base of the rostrum. Of the described species of Chaunoderus known to me, the following must be referred to Cychrotonus:—C. marginalis, Vst., C. subglaber, Fst., °C. sternalis, Hartm., and C. apicalis, Hartm.; whereas C. brevicollis, Fst., and C. transversus, Fst., may provisionally remain in Gerstaecker’s genus. Cychrotonus ellipticus, sp.n. (Pl. I. fig. 7.) 3 ?. Black or piceous, practically devoid of scaling above; the lower surface of the head and rostrum, the sternum, and cox with scattered, flat, bluish seales; the venter with numerous elongate, narrow, curved, whitish scales. Head with rather coarse, longitudinally confluent puncta- tion, the forehead flat, but not noticeably depressed below the vertex; eyes rather less convex than usual, deepest in the middle and bounded internally by a deep furrow. Rostrum longer than broad, rather broader near the base than at the gene, the sidcs sinuate in the middle ; coarsely * Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. xi. 1871, p. 162. 26 Dr. G. A. K. Marshall on African punctate, with a low broad central carina (sometimes rather ill-defined) and a narrower curved one on each side of it; set with brownish curved scale-like sete, and sometimes with some narrow bluish scales on the apical half; scrobes with the upper margin sharply angulate close to the base. Antenne with the scape distinctly curved, the funicle with joint 1 hardly longer than 2, 38-7 subequal, bead-like, and slightly bro ader than long. Py othorax broader than long (38:2), broadest at the base, strongly narrowed iu front, the sides rounded, the apical aneles very prominent (as seen from above), the dorsal apical margin truncate, the basal margin arcuate; the dorsal outline strongly convex trans- versely and slightly so longitudinally, the apex being much below the level of the base; the upper surface strongly and very closely mune with a faint longitudinal impression in the middle of the base, the sculpture on the inflexed sides becoming more or less plicate ; ; the lateral portion of the apical margin carinately raised, forming an obtuse angle below the eye and a sharp projection in front of each coxa, Scutellum closely punctate. lytra narrowly elliptical and broadest before the middie in ¢, rather broader in 9, which has the humeral angulation scarcely perceptible, the basal margin jointly sinuate; the elytra strongly compressed behind, so that the suture is elevated on the declivity, the longitudinal outline almost flat in ¢, the apical portion dropping almost at a right angle and sinuate in profile; in the ¢ the outline slopes more from the middle to the top of the declivity; the shallow striz with large quadrate punctures, the intervals about as broad as the strie, finely punctate and somewhat rugulose transversely, with scattered, extremely minute, scale-like sete, which are conspicuous only on the declivity. Sternum: mesosternum with a per- fectly smooth shiny patch adjoining the outer sides of the mid-coxee and standing out in contrast with the strongly sculptured surface; metasternum sparsely granulate. Venter very rugosely punctate and granulate, especially in the ¢, in which the first segment bears bebind the coxa a deep excision, the portion between it and the elytra being smooth and shiny. Length, ¢ 114-138 mm., 2 10} mm.; breadth, g 44-54 nim., 9 43 mm. Brexic1an Congo: Kasenga, xi. 1912 (Dr. Bequaert). This distinct species is specially characterised by its elongate shape, the two sharp prominences on the gular Genera of Wingless Brachyderine, 27 margin of the prosternum, and the remarkable structure of the first ventral segment of the ¢@. Described from 2 ¢ g andl 9. Cychrotonus decoratus, sp. 0 3 ¢. Black or piceous, with inconspicuous and easily abraded dark sealing on the disk of the elytra, and with the following inarkings formed of pale metallic-green scales :— A stripe “along the inner edge of each eye “and the whole side of the head and rostrum ; a narrow median stripe on the prothorax, a broader lateral one behind the eye, and another above the coxa; elytra with a stripe on interval | from behind the seutellum to about the middle, a short humeral stripe on 7 from the base to about one-third, complete marginal stripe reaching stria 9, but broader at the apex and emitting at the middle a more or less dentate broad oblique band, which reaches the suture at the top of the declivity and is united by a sutural stripe to the apical patch ; a very short isolated stripe at the apex of interval 5, aud occasionally a still shorter one at the apex of 7; in the ? only there is a round spot at the middle of interval'3 and a trace of another on 5. ‘The lower surface rather thinly cloihed with pale greenish scales. Head with strong, longitudinally confluent puuctation, a deeply impressed line along the inner margin of the eye, and a large central fovea; eves “rather less prominent than usual, deepest in the middle. Rostrum a little longer than broad (7:6), parallel-sided, almost flat on the disk, coarsely and confluently punctate, with a low smooth median costa (rather broader and flatter in the 9 ) which widens anteriorly, a low punctate costa forming the margin of the dorsal area, and beneath it a longitudinal impression in front of the eye. An- tenne with the two basal joints of the funicle equal, joints 8-7 subequal and about as long as broad, the first jot of the club narrow and subeylindrical i in its basal half. Prothorax about as long as the apical width, the sides subparallel from the base to Ate middle, then gradually narrowed to the apex, the apical margin broadly sinuate (as seen from above) owing to a marked thickening behind the eye, the base very shallowly bisinuate, the longitudinal outline nearly flat ; the upper surface with close Shallow punctures of varying sizes, each filled with a, flat scale, the median line often very shallowly impressed in the basal half. H/ytra narrowly 28 Messrs. L. A. Lantz and O, Cyrén on ovate in the @, broader in the ?, broadest before the middle, with barely a trace of a humeral prominence in the 9, the basal margin jointly sinuate ; the shallow striz with large separated punctures ; the intervals broad and with fine shallow punctation. Sternum rugose, but not granulate, except the mesosternum, which is finely aciculate. Venter with two oblique impressions on segment 1 behind the coxa ~ in the ¢ only. Length 8-10 mm., breadth 37-4? mm. Betcran Conco: Lukombe, x. 1908 (A. Koller). Described from 38 ¢ g and3 2 9. Easily distinguished from all the other known species of the genus by its striking coloration. EXPLANATION OF PLATE I. Fig. 1. Leurops cana, sp. n., p. 19. Fig. 2. Pseudoblosyrus sharpi, sp. n., p. 22. Fig. 3. Pomphus dentveollis, sp. n., p. 8. Fig. 4. Proscopus marginatus, sp. n., p. 13. Fig. 5. Protostrophus spinicollis, sp. n., p. 17. Fig. 6. Bradybamon swale, sp. n., p. 10. Fig. 7. Cychrotonus ellipticus, sp. n., 3, p. 25. Fig. 8. Synechops irregularis, sp. n., p. 24. I1.—On Lacerta praticola, Eversm. By L. A. Lanrz and O. CyreEy. 30ETTGER remarks, in his account of the reptiles collected in the Talysh by G. Radde and H. Leder*, that the two specimens of Lacer/a praticola examined by him differ from Western Caucasian specimens in having five pairs of chin- shields instead of six, two instead of three forming a median suture. The author thinks it would be possible to establish a local variety, should tlis character be found to be constant. This is indeed the case, as appears from our examination of a larger material collected in the same country. We found only isolated specimens—from the Talysh f as well as from the Western Caucasus {—with five chin-shields on * Radde, ‘Fauna u. Flora d. siidwestl. Caspigebietes,’ Leipzig, 1886, p. 37. + One specimen out of 21. { One specimen out of 48, Lacerta praticola, Lversm. 29 one side and six on the other; in such case the median suture is formed by two shields on one side and three on the other. As the two forms differ also in other characters, such anomalous specimens can, however, easily be identified ; therefore the separation of L. praticola into two subspecies seems to be justified. Eversmann’s description and figure of the type-specimen from Piatigorsk * are not clear enough to settle the question, which of the two subspecies must be cousidered as the typical. A full description of the species was first given by Kessler +, who examined thirteen specimens from the Kuban district, Piatigorsk, valley of R. Bielaia, and Ananur, two of which formerly were in Eversmann’s collection. Kessler indicates six pairs of chin-slields, the first three forming a median suture. Relying on this, we intended to describe a Caspian ‘subspecies, believing the Western Caucasian form to be the typical one. Thanks to the kindness of MM. K. Derjugin and P. Nesterov we have been enabled to revise the collection of the Petrograd University. We found there several of Kessler’s specimens, and amongst them one labelled “ Piatigorsk, leg. Eversmann.” We must admit that Kessler neglected to examine the chin-shields of this very specimen, as it has only five pairs of them and agrees in every respect with the Talysh L. praticola. It ‘cannot, however, be considered as the type-specimen, because it has a normal interparietal and occipital, while Eversmann indicates these shields as separated by an accessory one. Both the type-specimen and the specimen preserved in the Petrograd University are from the same locality ; other material from Piatigorsk, Essentuki, and Kislovodsk { was kindly examined for us by M.S. Tsarevski. All these show only five pairs of chin-shields, two of them forming a median suture. ‘Therefore it is undeniably the Oriental subspecies which occurs at Piatigorsk and surrounding localities that must be considered as the typical L. praticola. It is of great interest that L. praticola praticvla seems to be confined to the Caspian Sea basin §, while the western * Lacertz Imperii Rossici (Moscow, 1854). + Journey in Transcaucasia, St. Petersb., 1878, p. 156 (in Russian). ¢ Coll. Acad. Petr. Nos. 5273, 6861, and 7900. § We examined specimens from Pistigorsk, Mount Il near Vladi- kavkar, Lagodekhi, Kala-Dagna, valley of R. Astara-tshai, Elburz. Mountains between Astara and Ai -debil, Shafe-rud near Enzeli. 30 Messrs. L. A. Lantz and O. Cyrén on subspecies is found practically only in countries draining towards the Black Sea*—a fact which induced us to choose for the latter the name pontica. Julginz from several specimens from Mehadiaf, the Hungarian L. prati- cola also belongs to this form. ‘The two subspecies may be distinguished by the following characters :— 1. Lacerta praticola praticola, Eversm. Head and limbs comparatively short. Proportion, length of pileus ; ; 2 ; lengtu of head and body * O22-0°23-0°24 7 in the J (8 spec.) aud 0:18-0'20-0°23 in the 2 (10 spec.). Proportion, length of fore limt : a: 0°30-0:31-0'33 in the g (8 spec.) and 0°26-0'28-0°33 in the ¢ (10 spec.). Proportion, length of hind limb. : is} . “AR 9° 2 2_)°59 1 . lengeh obbeaananady ” 0°45-0°48—-0°52 in the ¢ (8 spec.) and 0°39—-0°43-0°49 in the ? (10 spec.). tow of superciliary granules incomplete and generally reduced to a few granules. Occipital generally very small, narrower than, or as broad as, the interparietal, and pene- trating only a little between the parietals. Always a single postnasal, in contact with the internasal. Masseteric siield moderate, rarely reaching the first supratemporal, and separated from the tympanic by 2, seldom by 1 or 3, rows of rather small temporals. 5, seldom 6, dower labvals. 5 pairs of chin-shields, the first 2 forming a median suture, On a line between the suture of the chin-shields and the collar 16-19-22 gular scales (21 spec.). Dorsal scales com- paratively broad and short, rather feebly keeled, and imbri- cate ; in a transverse row across the middle of the body 35-39-43 scales (19 spec.). In the ¢ 26-26-27 (8 spec.), in the ? 28-29-80 (10 spec.), transverse rows of ventral plates. 2. Lacerta praticola pontica, subsp. n. I¥ead and limbs comparatively long. Proporticn, jengthorpileus- aa ee rae oda ae length of head and body ° 0°23-0°24-0°24 in the J (16 spec.) * The specimens examined are from Georgievsko-Csetinskoie (Kuban Valley), Novorossiisk, Sotshi, mountains near Adler, Gagry, Gudaut, Suklum, Ananur (valley of R. Aragva); the latter locality only belongs to the Caspian Sea. basin. + Coll. Acad. Petr. No. 9814. { The middle number means the average. Lacerta praticola, Hversm. bl and 0:20—0°21-0°24 in the (12 spec.). Proportion, leneth of fore limb ; 7 leneth of head and body : 0 28-0°33-0°34 in the 3 (16 spec.) aud 0:26— 0°29-0°31 in the 2 (12 spec.). Proportion, leneth of hind limb Won. Se ears length of head and body : O-47-0°51-0°54 in the g (16 spec.) and 0°40—0°45-0°49 in the 2 (12 spec.). Row of superciliary granules generally not much reduced, often complete. Occipital comparatively large, Eercrally broader than the interparietal, and penetrating rather widely hetween the parietals. Postnasal generally not reaching the internasal; sometimes two superposed postnasals, the upper small, in contact with the internasal. Masseteric shield large or very large, almost always in contact with the first supratemporal, and separated from the tyinpanic by one large scale or two superposed rather large temporals. 6, seldom 7, lower labials. 6 pairs of chin-shields, the first 3 forming a median suture. On a line between the suture of chin-shields and the collar, 14-77-19 gular seales (43 spec.). Dorsal scales comparatively narrow and elongate, rather strongly keeled, and imbricate ; in a transverse row across the middle of the body 32-37- -4J scales (43 spec.). In the S$ 22-25-26 (23 spec.), in the 9 26-28-30 (18 spec.), transverse rows of ventral plates. In reading the description of L. vivipara stenvlepis, Nik.* we could not find any character to separate this form from L. praticola. '\lis was confirmed on examining the type- specimen, a yery large 9 + offering the anomaly ‘mentioned above, 7. ¢ 5-6 clin-shields. By the other characters of scaling, aud especially the rather small masseteric shield, the number of superciliary granules reduced to 8 on each side, 1t appears asa well- sliameterized L. praticola praticola, which cannot be confounded with Z. vivipara. Recently Nikolski described a new species from Sotshi, L. colchica t, which seems also to be closely allied to L. praticola. The author was so kind as to send us the type-specimen for closer examination. It is a typical L. vivipara, Jacq., entirely agreeing with some specimens from the Government of Moscow used for comparison. LL. vivipara has never been recorded from Transcaucasia, and it is very doubtful that it occurs in that country ; probably some error has taken place in labelling this specimen. * ¢Herpetologia caucasica,’ Tiflis, 1918, p. 54. : Coll, Acad. Petr. No. 7203, from Mount I] near Vladikavkar. ‘ Fauna of Russia, Hepiilen? i. (Petrograd, 1915). ‘ a2 On the White-toothed Shrew of Palestine. III.— The White-toothed Shrew of Pa'estine. By OLpDFIELD ‘THOMAS. (Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) Cart. G. C. SHorrripge has contributed to the British Museum a couple of specimens of a white-toothed shrew. obtained by him during the Palestine campaign. It appears to represent a new subspecies of Crocidura russula, and may be called Crocidura russula judaica, subsp. n. Like the large Central European C. russula russula, but colour paler and greyer. Fur of back about 4:2 mm. in length; very few longer piles present. General colour of upper surface rather darker than “ light drab,” much brighter, greyer, and less brown than true russula, owing to the reduction of the dark brown tips to the hairs and the greater degree to which the grey of the underfur shows through. Under surface distinctly lighter, the ends of the hairs whitish, with but little drabby suffusion. Tail rather short. Skull as in C. 7. russula. Third upper unicuspid rather broader than second, Dimensions of the type (taken from skin) :— Tail 37 mm.; hind foot 13. Of a specimen measured in the flesh :— Head and body 58 mm.; tail 38; hind foot 13; ear 9°5. Skull (of type): condylo-incisive length 21°2; greatest breadth 9°5; height of crown from basion 4°7; upper tooth- row 9°7. flab. Palestine. Type from near Jerusalem. Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 18. 8.1.38. Collected April 1918, and presented by Capt. G. C. Shortridge. Two specimens, While the other forms of the russula group described from S.W. Asia are darker than the typical Huropean animal, the present one is readily distinguishable from ail by being inarkedly lighter. Larve &e. of Mycetobia, Ditomyia, and Symmerus, 33 1V.—On the Structure of the Larve and the Systematic Position of the Genera Mycetobia, Mg., Ditomyia, Winn., and Symmerus, Walk. (Diptera Nematocera). By D. Kern, D.Sc. (from the Quick Laboratory, University of Cambridge). [Plates IT.-V.} I. Mycetobia pallipes, Meigen. The larve of Mycetobia pallipes were first described and fi.ured by Lyonnet (1832) and Guérin-Mén: ville (1835). Dufour (1841) and notably Perris (1870), after a more complete study of these larvae, showed that their respiratory system is amphipneustic and called attention to their external resemblance to the larvee of Rhyphus fenestralis, Scop. Osten-Sacken (1892), referring to the papers of these entomologists, again raised the question of the larval resem- blance of Mycetobia and Rhyphus, which in the adult stage seemed to be so different. But since Osten-Sacken the majority of entomologists dealing with Mycetobia un- questioningly referred this genus to the family Myceto- philidze, passing over in silence the peculiar structure of its larvee. hose who gave the matter any attention either doubted the correctness of the original observations of Dufour aud Perris, or did not admit the value of larval characters in determining the systematic position of Insects. However, a study of the life-history and larval morphology of Mycetobia pallipes, Mg., and Rhyphus fenestrahs, whicly | carried out in 1912-13 on material collected at Chaville (near Paris) has led me to the conclusion that the resem- blance between these larvee aud their difference from those _of Mycetophilidz is much deeper than was ever supposed. In the present paper I will point out only the main characters common to the early stages of Mycetobia pallipes and Rhyphus fenestrais, but not found in those of Mycetoplilide. A more detailed study of the larval anatomy of Mycetobia I propose to reserve for a special paper dealing with the family Rhyphide. Characters common to Mycetobia Characters common to all .the pallipes (Pl. Il. fig. 2, Pl. V. Mycetophilidee (Pl. 111.) except figs. 86, 37, 38) and Rhyphus the genera Ditomyia and Sym- fenestralis (Pl. I. fig. 1). MerUus. 1. The eggs are invested with a 1. Eges are more or less scattered gelatinous mass which is fixed on the surface of the fungus to a solid substratum. or rotten wood. 2. Eggs are pear-shaped. 2. Eggs are elongated or sub- spherical. Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. iii. 3 34 10. ll. 12. Dr. D. Keilin.on the Larve &c. of . Embryo in the egg curved. . The larvz move ina serpentine manner, or by means of very active mandibles. . The segments of the body are separated hy intercalary rings (Pl. V. fig. 38). . The larval head with a pair of . tentorial rods (Pl. IT. tigs. 1 & 2, ¢..) similar to those of the larvee of Zrichocera. . Antenne with a special sensory organ (Pl. V. fig. 37, 0.s.), corresponding to the —bell- shaped papilla of many other dipterous larvee (for instance, those of Ditomyia and all eyclorhaphous Diptera) and with some small -cylindrical apillee. . Mandibles (Pl. V. figs. 35 & 36) show two distinct por- tions: basal portion (6.p.) with an internal hook (A.), and terminal or apical por- tion (t.p.) which is more chitinised, ending in three teeth and bearing two brushes of brown sete. . Maxille fleshy and soft; the maxillary palp (figs. 1 & 2, ap.) broad, thick, trans- parent, bearing two groups of sensory papille (a. and 6.); the internal part of the maxillee (m.2.), hesides a few sensory organs, bears nume- rous long sete. Labrum with two mid-ventral protuberances covered with hairs (figs. 1 & 2,27. & pr.) and a small comb-shaped plate (c.m.) on each side of posterior protuberance. Labium well developed and with distinct labial palps (Z.p.). : The thoracic sensory organs which are the remains of the thoracic legs are composed of four hairs (two long and two short). 3. Embryo straight. 4, The larval movements worm-like. are 5. No distinct intercalary rings (Pl. LL. tig. 3); only some larvee——-for instance, those of Ceroplatus — have the seg- mentation of their abdomen masked by superadded trans- versal folds. 6. Head without tentorial rods, 7. Antenne either elongated as in Bolitophiia (Pl. Il. fig. 4, A.n., and fig. 13) or reduced to a flat, wide, non-chitinised surface bearing some very small sensory papillee. 8. Mandibles (figs. 5 & 7) flat- tened, strongly chitinised, and with their internal margin toothed. 9. Maxille (PI. III. figs. 10, 11, 12) flattened and strongly chitinised, with their internal margin (m.a.) toothed, like those of the mandibles. The maxillary palps (m.p.) are very much reduced. 10. Labrum (figs. 6 & 8) without mid-ventral protuberances and without comb-shaped plates. 11. Labium reduced and not visible trom exterior. 12. Thoracic sensory organs com- posed of four hairs of equal length (fig. 9). Mycetobia, Ditomyia, and Symmerus. 3 13. Respiratory system is amphi- 18. Respiratory system is either pueustic with only two pairs hemipneustic (fig. 3) with one of functional spiracles: (1) pair of prothoracic and seven prothoracic and (2) postabdo- pairs of abdominal spiracles, minal, or propneustic (Polylepta ox Diadocidia), or apneustic ( Ceroplatus). 14. Alimentary duct without ante- 14. Alimentary duct with a pair rior coeca, of anterior lateral ceca. 15. Anus ventral. 15. Anus terminal or subterminal. 16. Salivary glands snort. 16. Salivary glands very long. 17. Hypoderm of posterior seg- 17. No special large cells in hypo- ments of larvee, which sur- derm of the posterior end of rounds the anal cleft, is the body. composed of very large and thick cells. 18. Pupe strongly chitinised with 18. Pupe with thin chitin and rows of small hooks on the without. the rows of short abdominal segments and spines or hooks, especially on the posterior end of their body. All these characters show us clearly that the difference between the larva of Mycetobia and those of Mycetophilide (s. 1.) is as striking as its resemblance to the larve of Rhy phide. But to solve finally this ecien a comparative study of the adult stages of these Diptera had to be undertaken, and this was done by F. W. Edwards (1916, p. 115), who in his interesting paper “On the Systematic Position of the Genus Mycetobia, Mg.,” arrived at the following con- clusion :— ‘* Mycetobia agrees with the Rhyphide and diverges from the } Mycetophilidee i in the possesston of a large gular plate, in the structure of the second palpal joint, in the position of the forking of the radial vein; the course of the cubital vein, and in the chitinous spermathece of the female. Since the venation of Mycetobia has been shown to be directly derivable from that of the Rhyphid genus Oldi- gaster, it is probable that any resemblances in this respect to the Mycetophilidie are due to convergent evolution, and not to relatiouslip. ‘The genus Mycetubia (and with it Mesochria, though not Ditomyia or Symmerus) must there- fore, on grounds of adult as well as larval structure, be trausferred from the Mycetophilidee to the Rhyphide.” Il. Ditomyia fasciata, Meig. The first indication of the habitat of this species we owe 3% 36 Dr. D. Keilin on the Larve ce. of to Meigen (1818, t. i. p. 230), who found a young undeveloped male of this fly in Polyporus versicolor. Zetterstedt (1851, t. x. p. 4071) quotes Behrens, who bred this insect from a fungus which he found on Juglans regia. According to Winnertz (1863, p. 669), the larve of D. fasciata live in different Polyporus and especially im P. versicolor and ferrugineus; he quotes also Kalteubach who bred )). macroptera, Winuertz, from Polyporus ignarius. Schiner (1864, 1. p. 428) reared D. fasciata from various Polypori. Frauenfeld (1866, p. 200) found the larve of this specics in Polyporus squamosus ; he also gave the first description of the larval and pupal stages of this fly. Unfortunately, his very short description does not contain any figure, and may be applied to many other dipterous larve. The only characters of his description worth mentioning are the following: (1) the imtersegmental spaces are deeply cou- stricted, (2) the first segment of the thorax is large, and (3) the posterior end of the body bears two protuberances ended by a sharp spine. We have, finally, to mention that the collection in the Entomological Museum of Cambridge contains the pup and adults of Vitomyia fasciata, Mg., reared by Fryer (1910) from Polystictus versicolor collected at Chatteris (Cambs) and by H. Scott (1910) from the same fungus collected from beech-stumps at Henley-on-Thames. I received the larvee and pupe of Ditomyia fasciata, which will be described here, from Mr. F. W. Edwards, who found them in a fungus, which the beheves to be Polystictus versi- color, growing on old Beeeh-sinaps near Cambridge and at Baldock, Herts. Later on, 1 collected myself a few of these larve in a piece of wood covered and penetrated by the mycelium of a fungus. ° According to Edwards, in nature the larve usually live upon the old fungi, but in his breeding-jars he observed them attacking the fresh fungi also. ‘Che larvee are opaque white in colour and have very little power of movement. Pupation takes place within tlie fungus without the formation of any cocoon ; before the emergence of the adult the pupa bores its way to the surface and comes halfway out. ‘The larva is 9°3 mm. long, with very deep intersegmental grooves (PI. IV. fig. 14). Mycetobia, Ditomyia, and Symmerus, 37 The head of the larva is completely free, though it may be retracted in the first thoracic segment. The antennie (Pl. IV. fig. 23) are very small and consist of a short basilar segment which bears sensory orgaus of three different shapes : “(L) the main bell-shaped (4.s.) sensory organ which is very common in dipterous larve, (2) one bi- articulated papilla (p.), and (8) five short cylindrical papillee. The labrum (fig. 15) shows on its anterior margin a brush composed of ordinary sete mixed with sensory hairs. Oneach of its latero-anterior corners it bears a bidental chitinous plate (d.), and on its ventral side a series of short spines and scales me two strongly chitinised plates (p./.). The mandibles (fig. 22) are very well developed, thick, and of a dark brown chitin ; their external margin is slightly cut into four teeth; they bear three lateral sensory hairs and a brush of ordinary brown sete which originates from. the internal basilar corner of the mandibles. The maxille (fig. 17). The basal part or cardo of the maxillze consists of soft and transparent chitin with a trans- verse brown band (¢.4.) and a sensory organ in the form of a small circular groove. The internal part of the maxillz (m.a.) is conical in ioe and bears a long sensory hair (s.h.). The maxillary palp (m p.) is very well developed and furnished with a series of sensory organs and some ordinary chitinous sete. The labium consists of a short chitinous plate terminating in two tridental processes. On the ventral side it bears two hemispherical palps (/.p.) of transparent chitin, each with three sensory papille. The thorax is composed of three large segments furnished with a series of sensory hairs. Among the latter we may mention six groups of three hairs (fig. 19) which represent the remains of the thoracic legs. As I have previously shown (1911, 1915) these six groups of sensory organs exist in all dipterous larve and are always in direct con- nection with imaginal dises of the thoracic legs. The eight abdominal segments bear also a series of sensory hairs, and on their ventral side they are furnished with lozenge-shaped projections or pseudopodia covered with very short sete. The last abdominal segment differs from all the others in bearing the anus and a pair of dorsal pro- jections terminated by spiracles. The respiratory system of this larvee is peripneustic, 7. e. it is composed of nine pairs of functional spiracles (one pro- 38 _ Dr. D. Keilin on the Larve dc. of thoracic and eight abdominal), and one pair of metathoracie non-functional spiracles connected with the main tracheal trunks by means of simple chitinous bands, All the functional spiracles, except the last abdominal, are circular, with numerous trema surrounding a central chitinous plate which corresponds to the cork-shaped scar (“ Bouchon cicatriciel”) of the spiracles of Trichocera, Tipulid or Bibionid Jarve. The prothoracic spiracle (fig. 21) is much larger in size than any of the first seven pairs of abdominal spiracles (fig. 18). The posterior abdominal spiracles (fig. 20, s.p.), which are situated on the dorsal projections of the last abdo- minal segment, are elongated and spine-shaped. The surface of their external scar (s.c.) is covered with very small chitinous hooks. Alimentary canal (fig. 16), The very short pharynx is enclosed in the larval head. It is followed by a short cesophagus (0.e.) which enters the proventriculus (pr.). ‘T'wo long lateral cceca (a.c.) arise from the anterior part of the midgut, just behind the proventriculus and, directed backwards, are tightly applied to the lateral sides of it. The midgut (mg.) is in the form of a straight eylindrical tube. The four Malpighian tubes (2/.) arise separately at the junction of the mid- and hind-gut. These four tubes lie in the posterior part of the body and surround the hind- gut. The salivary glands (s.g.) are tubular and extend a small distance behind tie posterior end of the anterior coca. The pupa (PI. LV. fig. 24) is 8 mm. in length, completely free from the larval skin, and brown in colour. The head is much recurved on the ventral side, and the thorax, which projects forward, bears a pair of prothoracie respiratory horns (p.h.). The legs of the pupa are not superposed as is often the case in dipterous pupe, but lie in the same plane. Each abdominal segment bears dorsally a row of -short spines. ‘The last segment (PL. IV. fig. 25) is furnished with five pairs of hooks curved dorsally. III. Symmerus annulata, Meigen. All our knowledge of the larvee of Symmerus was con- tained in a short sentence of Winnertz (1863, p. 671), who bred “ one female from a larva which lived in a decomposed fungus on Carpinus betulus.” During the month of May of this year Mr. Edwards in- Mycetobia, Ditomyia, and Symmerus. 39 formed me that he had found a specimen of Symmerus annu- lata which had hatched in one of his breeding-jars. ‘* The larvee of this species,” he added in his letter, ‘ were boring in a piece of rotten elm wood. They are almost trans- parent and glassy in appearance, and, like those of Ditomyia, move very little and very slowly. The pupz wriggle in an almost snake-like manner when extracted from their habitat. Unfortunately I found that all the full-sized larvee had pupated. I have one larva preserved in spirit.” All the material Mr, Edwards could seud me consisted of an empty pupa with a moulted larval skin attached to it and the larva preserved in spirit, mentioned in his letter. This was, however, quite sufficient for the complete morphological study of this larva. The larva of Symmerus annulata (Pl. V. fig. 26) is 11 mm. in length; its last abdominal segment bears the posterior spiracles, but is without the dorsal paired prominences which are present in Ditomyia larve. ‘These two larvee are easily distinguished from one another by their colour and post- abdominal prominences, but they are quite similar in the detailed structure of almost all their organs, The antenne (PI. V. fig. 32), labrum (fig. 27), mandibles (fig. 31), maxille (fig. 29, m.v.), and labium (fig. 29, /.6.), with their palps (m.p., /.p.) have the same structure as those of Ditomyza larve. The differences in detail of these organs in these two larve are shown in the above-mentioned figures. We may mention only that in the maxillary palps of Symmerus larve we do not find the lateral sensory papilla which is well developed in Ditomyia larve (PI. IV. fig. 17, is.). The labium in Symmerus larve is more rounded. The thoracic and abdominal segments also bear the sensory hairs, and the remains of the thoracic legs are represented by three sensory hairs (fig. 30). The last abdominal segment is rounded, The respiratory system is peripneustic, with nine pairs of functional spiracles: one prothoracic and eight abdominal. The spiracles (figs. 33 & 34) are very ‘small, and their structure is similar to those of the first seven. pairs of abdominal spiracles of Ditomyia. Pup (fig. 28). Unfortunately I have only one empty skin of a pupa. I may mention, however, that the pro- thoracic horns are more elongated than in the pupa of Ditomyia, and that the thoracic segments bear a row of lateral short hooks, 40 Dr. D. Keilin on the Larve &e. of The study of the larvee and pupz of Ditomyia and Sym- merus shows clearly the great similarity in structure of nearly all their organs. It also shows, on the other hand, that the larval and pupal structure of these two genera is totally different from that of all the Mycetophilide. The difference is especially striking in the structure of the antenne, mandibles, maxille, and labium, with their palps, the sensory organs, respiratory system, structure of the spiracles, the salivary glands, and, finally, the form of the pupe. These two genera must therefore be re-united in a special family, the Ditomyide, which itself must be completely separated from the family of the Mycetophilide. From the study of the larval and pupal characters it follows that the family Ditomyide must occupy among the ‘Diptera Orthorrhapha Eucephala, of Brauer, a position equally important with that of the Mycetophilidz, Bibioni- nid, Rhyphide, &e. As to the relations of this new family to the others we can state only that the larve of Ditomyidz bear a closer resemblance to the larvee of Bibionidze than to those of any other Diptera, and more especially when we compare their labra, mandibles, maxillee, and the structure of the spiracles. The subfamily Mycetobiine of Winnertz (1861), composed of the genera Mycetobia, Mesochria, Ditomyia, and Symmerus, must therefore completely disappear, as Mycetobia (and with it, according to Edwards, Mesochria) must be transferred to the Rhyphidz ; while the two others go to form a separate family, Ditomyide, completely separated from Myceto- plilidee. I must express here my best thanks to Mr. F. W. Edwards for sending me tle specimens of Ditomyia and Symmerus larve. I may say that it is his re-discovery of these larvee which has enabled me to accomplish this study. REFERENCES. Durour L. (1849.) “ Histoire des Métamorphoses du Rhyphus fenes- tralis et du Mycetobia pallipes.” Ann. de la Soe. Entom. de France, 2° série, t. viii. pp. 195-210, pl. 7. Epwarps, F. W. (1916.) “On the Systematic Position of the Genus Mycetobia, Mg. (Diptera Nematocera).” Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8, vol. xvi. pp. 109-116. ——. MBS. Notes on Ditomyia and Symmerus, see pp. 36 & 39 of this paper. Myectobia, Ditomyia, and Symmerus. 41 FRAUENFELD, G. R. von. (1866.) Zoologische Miscellen. VIT. “ Be- schreibung der Larven und Puppen von Ditomyta fasciata, Me.” Verh. der k. k. zool.-bot. Gesellsch. Wien, Bd. xv. p. 200. Guérin-MENEVILLE, F. HK. (1835.) Iconographie du Rézgne Animal de G, Cuvier, t. ii. Plauche 93, figs. 3-5. Krinin, D. (1911.) “Sur certains organes sensoriels des larves des Diptéres et leur signification probable.” C, Rt. Acad. Sciences, Paris, t. 153, p. 977. —. (1912.) ‘Recherches sur les Diptéres du genre Trichocera. Biologie, Développement, Affinités.” Bullet. Scient. de la France et Belgique, 7¢ série, t. xlvi. Fasc. 2, pp. 172-192, pls. v.—viii. ——. (1915.) ‘Recherches sur les larves de Diptéres Cyclorhaphes.” Bullet. Scient. de la France et Belgique, 7e série, t. xlix. Fasc. 1-2, pp. 15-198, pls. 1.—xvi. Lyonrt, P.pr. (1882.) “ Recherches sur l’Anatomie et les Méta- norphoses de différentes espéces d’Insectes.”. Ouvrage posthum. publié par M.W. de Haan. Paris, J. Balliére, 580 pp., 54 Planches. (See pp. 186-189, 562, and pl. 17.) Mricen. (1818.) Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten Euro- paischen zweifltigeligen Insekten. OsTEN-SacKkEN, C. R. (1892.) “On the Characters of the Three Divisions of Diptera Nemocera: Nemocera vera, Nemocera ano- mala, and LEremocheta.” Berl. entom. Zeitschr. Bd. xxxvii. pp. 417-466. Preis, E. (1870). “ Histoire des Iisectes du Pin maritime.” Ann. de la Soc. Entom. de Fr. 4me série, t. x. (See pp. 186-196, pl. 2. figs. 47-61.) Scuiner. (1864.) Fauna Austriaca, t. i. p. 428. Wuiynertz, J. (1863.) Beitrag zu einer Monographie der Pilzmiicken.” Verh. Zool.-Bot. Gesellsch. Bd. xiii. pp. 637-964, (See pp. 669- 671.) ZuTTERSLEDT. (1851.) Diptera Scandinavie. EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. Prats II. Fig. 1. Tead of the larva of Rhyphus fenestralis, Scop., ventral aspect. a. and 6,, sensory organs of maxillary palp ; c.m., comb-shaped plate of labrum; Z.p., labial palp ; ¢r., labrum with its anterior ventral prominence ; m.d., mandibles; m.p., maxillary palp; m.v., maxilla; p.r., posterior ventral prominence of labrum ; t.n., tentorial rods, Fig. 2, Head of the larva of Mycetobia pallipes, Mg. Letters as in fig, 1. Py Aman ele Fig. 3. Larva of Mycetophila blanda, Winn., viewed laterally. wy. 4, Head of the larva of Bolitophila fusca, Meig.; dorsal aspect.. A.n., antenne ; L., eyes. . Mandible of Mycetophila blanda, Winn. . Labrum of Bolitophila fusca, Meig. . Mandible of Mycomyiu marginata, Meig. Sy “I OD On 42 Fug. Fig. Fig. Fug. Fig. Fig. Med. rq. Fig. Fig. Fug. Tig. Fug. Fg. Ley. Fig Hig. £19.83 rug, 2 ede Larve ke. of Mycetobia, Ditomyia, and Symmerus. . Labrum of Mycomyia marginata, Meig. . Pleural sensory organ representing the remains of thoracic legs of Mycomyia mar ‘yinata, Meie. » Maxilla of Mycomyia mar. ginata. mv; m.p., maxillary palps. . Maxilla of Bolitophila fusca, Meic. 2. Maxilla of Mycetophila blanda, Winn, . Antenna of Bolitophila fusca, Meig. PuatE LV. [All the figures of this Plate concern the larva and pupa of al. Bal sy. wh: “I 718. 5 US) . 20, Ditomyia fasciata. | Larva of Ditomyta fasciata, viewed laterally. Labrum, ventral side. d., dental chitinous plate ; pl., ventral plate. Alimentary canal of the larva. a.c., anterior cceea ; m.g., mid- gut; AZ, Malpighian tubes; 0.e., esophagus ; p.7., proventri- culus; s.g., salivary glands. Maxillze and labium of larva. 20., labium; /.p., labial palps; i.s., lateral sensory organ of the maxillary palp; m.p., maxil- lary palp; m.v., maxillee; ¢.6., transversal chitinous band of the cardo of maxilla; s.4., sensory hair of the internal lobe of maxille. Abdominal spiracle of larva Sensory organ—remains of Phoracie lee. Last pair of abdominal Spiracles. fie. , felt-chamber (‘chambre feutrée ”); T.r., tracheal trunks ; ay external scar; s.p., spiracles, . Prothoracic spiracle—the black surface represents the external scar of this spiracle. . Mandibula. 23. Antenna. 0.s., bell-shaped sensory organ; p., biarticulated papilla. Pupa, viewed laterally. p.f., prothoracic respiratory horns, . Posterior end of this pupa, showing the hooks. PuateE V. [ Figs. 26-54 concern larva and pupa of Symmerus annulata, | 26. A he 28. 29, 30. Sila 29) Uae BOs 34. vw. ew) 36. On, . 38. Larva of Symmerus annulata, viewed laterally. Labrum of the larva, Letters as in fig. 15, . Pupa of Symmerus annulata, Maxilla and labium of this larva. Letters as in fig. 17. Sensory organ—remains of thoracic leg. Mandible. Antenne. Letters as in fig. 23, Abdominal spiracle. Last abdominal spiracle. Mandible of the larva of Rhyphus fenestralis, Mandible of the larva of Mycetobia pallipes, Antenna of Mycetobia pallipes. Larva of Mycetobia pallipes, viewed dorsally. On a new Genus and Species of Cicadidie. 43 V.— Description of a new Genus and Spectes of the Homopterous Family Cicadide. By W. fh DISTANT. In the Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. (ser..9, vol. i. p..196).I brought the ene a recorded species of Cicadidee from Indo-China to the total of 75. Mons. R. Vitalis de Salvaza, in his last consignment to the British Museum, has included the beautiful genus and species here described, and the number of known species from this rich district ee now be recognized as 76. AYUTHIA, gen. nov, Head including eyes narrower than base of mesonotum, almost the length of pronotum ; front obliquely depressed ; ocelli considerably farther removed from eyes than from each cther, and their interspace strongly, broadly, longitudinally foveate:: ; pronotum distinctly shorter than mesonotum, late- rally moderately convexly ampliated where the extreme margin is coarsely serrated, the posterior marginal area moderately broad and at the lateral angles angularly truncate ; abdomen in male longer than space “between apex of head and base of cruciform elevation, the dorsal surface moderately oblique on each side ; tympanal orifices concealed ; meta- sternum elevated ; opercula in male short and broad, €X- tending beyond base of metasternum ; ; anterior femora strongly spined beneath; rostrum reaching base of metasternum ; tegmina and wings semiopaque, tegmina with eight apical aleas, Allied to Tosena, A. & 8S. Ayuthia spectabile, sp, n. $. Head and pronotum black, moderately palely pilose ; head with the eyes, ocelli, and intra-ocular suffusions, narrow anterior and broader posterior margins of pronotum castaneous, the latter with three prominent black spots; mesonotum castaneous, with two large central obconical spots at anterior margin, followed by a longer, but more imperfect spot on each Jaterai area, a central fasciate line, the anterior angles of the cruciform elevation and two spots in front of same, pale castaneous ; body above black ; body beneath castaneous with black suffusions ; face castaneous, with the apical area black; tegmina with nearly basal half opaque creamy-white, 44 Miss G. Ricardo on the Asilide. the venation pale castaneous, apex of basal cell, a curved linear fascia extending from base of upper ulnar area to base of lower apical area, anda spot at the apices of the ulnar areas and apical veins black ; wings (excluding extreme apical area) opaque creamy-white, the veins narrowly pale casta- neous; rostrum reaching base of metasternum; other struc- tural characters as in generic diagnosis. Length, excl. tegm., J 40, ? 35; exp. tegm. 120 mm, Hab. Indo-China (R. Vitalis de Salvaza). A more precise habitat is yet to be received. VI.—WNotes on the Asilidzee: Sub-division Asiline. By Gertrupe Ricarpo. Tue Asilide of Australia having been to a certain extent revised and described in the Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. [ser. 8, ix. (April, May), x. (July, Sept.) 1912; xi., January, April, May 1913; ser. 9, i., January 1918], this paper is the beginning of an attempt to bring the Asilide of the Oriental and South African Regions into some order, and to name such new species as are to be found in the Brit. Mus. Coll. and others sent me by Mr. L. Peringuey from the Cape Museum. ‘The genera Machimus, Neoitamus, aud Heligmoneura are here dealt with. The types are all in the Brit. Mus. Coll., unless otherwise specified. Macuimus, Loew. Linn. Ent. iv. 1, 3 (1849). This genus has as yet only been represented in the Oriental Region by Machimus coruscus, V. d. Wulp, from Java, a species unknown to me, and by Machimus atratulus, W1k., mentioned below. The species described from the South African Region are Machimus lepturus, Gerst., from Zanzibar, and Machimus caudiculatus and penicillatus, Speiser, both from East Africa. ‘Ten new species are now described from India and Ceylon, and one from S. China. The South African Region is represented by one new species. Asilus atratulus, Walker, from Java, is placed by Wulp in this genus, the type (a female) is in the Brit. Mus. Coll., but in such a bad condition it is impossible to decide even its generic rank. It is a small blackish-brown specimen. Miss G. Ricardo on the Asilide. Ad5 Moustache black. Legs piceous. Wulp thought he identi- fied this species among specimens from Java and says the genitalia are black. Asilus deformis, Walker, from Arabia, the type, a female, is in the Brit. Mus. Coll., but, as in the above it is impossible to decide what genus it belongs to, it may possibly be included in the genus Machimus, and is certainly not in Apoclea, where it is placed in Kertesz’s Catalogue. Machimus chinensis, 3 2, sp. n. Type (male), June 1899, and type (female), 1906, 89, from 'Tinghae, China (P. de /a Garde), and another male and female from the same locality. A large blackish species, covered with yellowish-grey tomentum ; tibize and tarsi reddish. Moustache yellow, a few black hairs above. Length, ¢ 23, 2? 28 mm. Male.—Face covered with yellow tomentum; tubercle large, darker ; moustache composed of yellow bristles and a few black ones above and down the sides. Palpi black with yellow hairs. Antenne blackish, the first two joints with black hairs, some being very stout bristles, the third joint is as long as the first two joints together ; the arista not quite so loug as the joint. Forehead with black bristly hairs. Thorax covered with greyish-yellow tomentum and the usual dark stripes, the median one not divided, a dark rich brown in colour, the side ones olive-coloured. Przesutural bristles three, supra-alar bristles three, postalar bristles two, one is yellow ; dorso-central bristles about ten in number ; pubes- cence on dorsum short, black, with some longer hairs intermixed. Scutellum with four black bristles on its margin. Abdomen covered with yellowish-grey tomentum, with dark brown large spots on each segment, the segmentations paler ; sides with yellow bristles, continued on to the dorsum; on the segmentations pubescence consists of short, thick, ap- pressed, fulvous hairs. Genitalia black, with chiefly black pubescence ; the eighth ventral segment is produced to a short point, clothed with chiefly yellow bristly hairs. Legs black ; tibize and tarsi bright reddish yellow, a little darker at the apices; fore femora with six bristles below, one near apex and two at apex, the middle ones with five below and two near apex, the hind ones with four below and two long white ones at the extreme base, two black ones on the upper- side, two near apex, and two at apex; the pubescence on femora is short, yellowish, on tibize and tarsi black. Wings 46 Miss G. Ricardo on the Asilidee. large, clear, with a yellowish tinge; veins yellow, the small transverse vein beyond the middle of the discal cell. Female identical, the bristles on thorax and scutellum almost entirely yellow; the short bristles on the hind femora below are seven, with three on the upperside ; ovipositor short, black. The femora in the other male and female are reddish yellow. Machimus assamensis, ¢ ¢ , 8p. 0. Type (male) and type (female) from Assam (MV. F, Badgley), 1906, 185. A haudsome black species with yellow pubescence, in general appearance somewhat similar to Machimus dubius, sp.n. Legs with few bristles, uniformly black, with some yellow pubescence. Moustache black aud yellow. Length 22 mm. Male.—Face covered with yellowish tomentum ; tubercle large. Moustache composed of black bristles above and bright yellow bristly hairs below. Pa/pi black, with black hairs. Beard bright yellow, thick hairs round head the same colour, mixing with the postocular black bristles. Antenne blackish brown, the first two joints with black bristly hairs, third joint broken off. Thorax greyish yellow, almost entirely covered by the blackish-brown stripes ; prze- sutural bristles three in number, supra-alar three, post- alar two, all black and very long and strong; the dorso- ceutral bristles apparently ten or so in number, interspersed with long black hairs; pubescence on dorsum black. Scutellum with four black bristles on its margin. Abdomen greyish yellow, the usual blackish spot on each segment gives the abdomen a black appearance; pubescence at sides and on dorsum bright yellow; genitalia shining black, with black and yellow hairs ; the eighth ventral segment produced to a long blunt point covered with black hairs and with yellow haixs at the sides. Legs black; femora stout with short white pubescence and longer white hairs below, no bristles on the first pair, only two or so on the middle pair, very long and strong, on the hind pair two below, four on the upperside and two at apex, fore and middle tibiz with yellow short hairs, the hind pair with black hairs, all with black bristles, the fore and hind pair and metatarsi with a thick fringe of appressed fulvous hairs on under surface. Wings grey, ouly a streak of pale colour in the middle and Miss G. Ricardo on the Asilide. 47 at the base, small transverse vein beyond the middle of discal cell. Female identical, but the abdomen has some black pubes- cence on the dorsum. Machimus cerulescens, 8, sp. Nn. Type (male) (201) from Bhim Tal, 18. 6. 1912; and another male from Binsar, 23. 5. 12 (Imms Coll.), Kumaon. A species distinguished from the other species of Machimus from India by the blue-black colour of the abdomen. Wings deep brown, clear at extreme base. Legs black. Moustache yellow with a few black bristles. Length 184 mm. Face covered with yeliow tomentum; tubercle large, blackish, covered by a dense yellow moustache; the black bristles are above and at the sides. Beard yellow. Palpz black with black hairs. Thorax blackish brown with an indistinct median grey line ; shoulders and sides covered with greyish- yellow tomentum; preesutural, supra-alar, and postalar bristles severally two in number, black ; the dorso-central ones are apparently two on each side with black hairs, mostly short, but some long ones intermixed on the dorsum. Scutelluwm blackish with ashy-grey tomentum, which is also present on the posterior part of thorax; bristles on scutellum appear to be four in number, now broken off. Abdomen uniformly blue-black, with white segmentations on the second, third, and fourth segments, appearing again on the apical segments ; pubescence black; genitalia black with black hairs, the eighth segment below produced to a blunt short point with long black hairs. Legs greenish black ; the fore femora with black hairs, two or three being long and bristle-like ; middle femora stout with a row of short bristles below and two longer, very stout ones on the sides; hind femora with four or more stout long ones below and black hairs ; tibize with numerous stout black bristles and soft black hairs below ; tarsi with the same, especially the first joints; some reddish- yellow, very short pubescence is visible on the undersides of the tibiz. Wings with only the basal cells and part of the anal cell clear; small transverse vein oblique, beyond the middle of the discal cell. Machimus dubius, 3 3 , sp. u. Type (male) (177) from Dharmoti, 7. 6. 1912. Type (female) (17) from Bhowali, 5700 feet, July 1909 (A. D. Imms), and others from Takula, all in Kumaon, & 48 Miss G. Ricardo on the Asilidee. A large blackish species, not unlike Machimus armipes, Becker, judging from the description, found in the province of Beluchistan, Persia ; but the bristles on fore femora are more than two in number and those on the scutellum only four or five, not ten as in Becker’s species. In this species the typical characteristic of the genus, viz., the production of the eighth ventral segment, is not very conspicuous, which is apparently also the case in Becker’s species. Length, ¢ 20-23, 9 20-26 mm. Male.—Face and tubercle covered with pale yellowish tomentum ; moustache composed of stout, long, yellowish- white bristles, with two black bristles below at each side. Palm black, with long black hairs. Beard whitish yellow, tlie hairs round the head similar, but becoming bristles half- way up. Antenne blackish brown, the first two joints with black hairs, the third with a style about the length of the joint. Postocular bristles black and very stout. Thorax grevish yellow with the usual brown stripes, the median one hardly divided anteriorly ; the dorsum of thorax covered with small, very short, black bristles, the large bristles all black ; the preesutural, supra-alar, and postalar all two in number; the dorso-central bristles are about ten, disposed in two rows, a few long black hairs are intermixed with them. Scutellum with four or five very stout, long, black bristles and with fine yellow hairs, Abdomen with the usual large black-brown spot on each segment, leaving the segmen- tations yellowish grey; the first segment has a tuft of yeilowish hairs at each side and two long black bristles below; the next four segments with yellowish short bristles at the sides, continued on to the dorsum as fine yellowish bristly hairs; the eighth ventral segment only slightly produced with some long black bristly hairs on its margin and a few white ones beyond. Legs black, with appressed whitish pubescence; femora all stout, the fore pair with three black bristles above and four below, the middle pair with about nine in two rows and four at the apex ; the hind pair with six below and one or two long white bristles at tie base, four above and two near the apex and three at the apex; the fore femora with long, fine, yellowish hairs below ; the fore tarsi with black ones and with orange-red appressed pubescence underneath, which is also present, but paler in colour on the hind pair; both the middle and hind pair have black hairs below, not so long as those on the fore pair; all tibiz ‘and tarsi armed with stout black bristles. Wings clear, the shading on fore border and apex not very distinct; tle Miss G. Ricardo on the Asilid.e. 4) small transverse vein oblique, at about the middle of the diseal cell. Female is identical, the long pubescence on the lexs not so marked ; ovipositor black, not much loager than the preceding segment. Machimus hirtipes, 8, sp. 0. Type (male) from Khasi Hills, Assam (A. Chenvell), 96, 135, and two damaged specimens (? g or 2) from the same locality. A medium-sized greyish-yellow species, distinguished by tlie pubescence on the abdomen and by the long hairs on the legs, the femora being red with a black stripe on their inner mid es: the tibiz the same. Length 20 mm. Face with greyish-yellow tomentum; the tubercle darker, large; the moustache composed of numerous stout black bristles, with some yellow ones below. Pulpit black with black hairs. Antenne blackish brown, the first two joints with black hairs. Beard yellow. Hairs round head the same colour; occipital bristies black. Forehead with black hairs. Thorax covered with bright greyish-yellow tomentuin, the median stripe dark blackish brown, the side-stripes paler in colour; pubescence on dorsum black, consistine of short hairs and longer ones intermixed with the long, stout, black bristles; preesutural bristles two, supra-alar two, postalar three, dorso-central about twelve. Scu/ellum the same colour, with six long black bristles on its margin and some short black hairs on its dorsum. Abdomen greyish yellow with a dark spot on each segment and the segmentations paler; yellow bristles on sides, and solt yellow hairs and shorter yellow hair on the dorsum; genitalia reddish, black at apex with chiefly black hairs; eighth ventral segment produced to a rounded broad poimt ending in black hairs ; the whole segment is hairy, all the under surface of abdomen with yellowish hairs. Legs reddish with black stripes on femora and tibiz ; fore femora clothed with long yellowish hairs above and be elow ; ; middle femora with fever, ‘and with two long bristles below and two at apex; the hind pair has bristles below and on the sides, and some long yellowish and black hairs; tibiz with yellow hairs; tarsi with black pubes- cence; all bristles on the legs are black. Wings clear with grey shading on apex. Aun. & Mag. N. list. Ser. 9. Vol. ui. 4 50 Miss G. Ricardo on the Asilidee. Machimus indianus, § 2, sp. u. Type (male) from near Bhowali (Kumaon), 5700 feet, July 1909. Type (female) from Sham Ket, near Bhowali, 15.5. 1912. Other specimens from Dharmoti, 5300 feet; Bhim Tal ; Takula; Airades; Chaubattia; Sat Tal; all localities in Kumaon. May and June 1912. One male from Thundiani, W., Himalayas, 9000 feet, 4. 7.1907 (Major H. A. Morgarth), 1907, 273. Two females and one male from Mussooree, U.P. (T. £. Middleton), 1911, 448. A rather large black species with white bands on the abdomen. Moustache white. Fore femora with usually three bristles below. Wings shaded at apex, on fore border, and on posterior border, leaving only the centre of wing clear. Length, ¢ 19-23, 2 19-22 mm. Male.—Face covered with yellowish-grey tomentum ; the tubercle large, blackish, covered by the long, strong, yellow bristles which form the moustache, with two black bristles below on each side. Pa/pi black, with black hairs. Beard white and thick; the hairs round head white, becoming bristles posteriorly. Antenne blackish, the first two joints with black hairs, the third with a style two-thirds of its own length. Forehead with yellow short hairs on each side. Postocular bristles stout and black, curved forwards. Collar with chiefly yellow bristles. Thorac yellowish brown, the median stripe dark brown, with a very narrow pale line dividing it anteriorly. Przesutural bristles three, supra-alar two, postalar two, sometimes three, all very strong black ones; dorso-central bristles about ten. Dorsum covered with very small, black, appressed bristles, a few long black hairs between the dorso-central bristles. Scut¢edlum same colour as thorax, with yellowish pubescence and four very strong marginal bristles turned upwards. Addomen yellowish grey, with dark blackish-brown square spots on each segment, so that the abdomen viewed generally appears blackish, with the seg- mentations whitish yellow; the first segment is armed with numerous black bristles of different sizes, on the sides with yellowish ones, which are also present on the sides of mest of the segments, advancing towards the centre of dorsum on the anterior segments; short yellowish hairs are intermingled with these and continued above the hind margins of seg- ments; underside with long weak white hairs; genital organs large, black, with short yellowish pubescence ; the eighth Miss G. Ricardo on the Asilide. 52 segment is produced ventrally to a short point armed with long black hairs, six or more in number, Legs uniformly blackish ; ; the coxze with long bristle-like yellow hairs; the femora stout with ‘short white pubescence; the fore femora armed with usually three bristles below, very occasionall four are present, and with three above; the middle femora with about nine in three rows, two more near the apices, and two at the apex; the hind femora with sixteen or so bristles in three rows, two more near the apices, and four at the apices ; tibiz with strong bristles above and below, the tarsi also with very many strong bristles; tibize and tarsi with the same pubescence as the femora, all bristles black ; femora and tibize have also long white hairs below, thickest on the front ones; the fore tibize and the hind tibize have deep orange-red pubescence on their lower outer edges; the first joits of tarsi on fore and hind legs have the same-coloured pubescence on their under surface. Female identical. 'The fore femora with often only two bristles at the apex, the three above are very often absent, and the hind femora often have only three at the apices. The ovipositor is black with black hairs, not much longer than the last segment. Machimus khastensis, ¢ 2, sp. n. Type (male) and type (female) from Lower Ranges, N. Khasi Hills, Assam, 1878 (4. Chennell), 96, 135. A species very similar to Machimus hirtipes, sp. n., but distinguished by the wholly black legs. Length 17 mm. Male.—Stripes of thorax are probably not so distinct, the median stripe not so dark ; preesutural bristles three, supra- alar three, postalar two. Abdomen greyish yellow, the dark spot on each segment not very distinct; pubescence as in M. hirtipes; genitalia wholly black, the eighth ventral segment the same, but the hairs on the long projection are only black above, yellow and loug below. Legs blackish ; the fore femora with only three bristles above and long yellow hairs below, the mid-femora with three aud two at apex, the hind femora with three above and three below in the female, but apparently fewer in the male, a few pale bristles are present; pubescence on femora short and yellowish, the same on the tibiz, which have also thick appressed fringes of rufous hairs on their under surfaces. The species is distinguished from Machinus nigrinus, sp. n by the paler colouring of the abdomen and its thicker 4e 52 Miss G. Ricardo on the Asilide. pubescence and by the longer, more pointed eighth ventral segment. Machimus montanus, & 9, sp. Nn. Type (male), type (female), and others from Kotagiri, Nilghiri Hills, 6000 feet (F. M4. Cragg). A small greyish species, very similar in appearance to the European M. atricapillus, but at once distinguished from it by the eighth ventral segment, which is not two-horned. Legs black with reddish stripes, all the bristles black. Length, ¢ 13-14, 9? 15 mm. Male—Face covered with greyish tomentum ; the tubercle blackish, large, covered with the black moustache, which is composed of very strong black bristles with weaker white ones below. Palpi black, with black bristly hairs. Beard aud hairs round head white. The postocular bristles stout, black, curved forwards. Forehead blackish mm the centre, greyish yellow at the sides with a few black hairs and two or three white hairs. Antenne blackish brown, with black bristly hairs on the first two joints. Thorax yellowish grey with the median blackish-brown stripe very distinct, becoming a little narrower posteriorly; sides with paler- coloured, broad, interrupted stripes, not extending far beyond the suture; dorsum of thorax with small black bristles; two very strong presutural bristles, two supra-alar, and three postalar, all very strong; the dorso-central ones number about twelve, with weaker ones intermixed, only twe being presutural. Scutellum yellowish grey, with some weak yellow and black bristles and with four large black marginal bristles curved forwards. dbdomen brownish grey or blackish grey, the segmentations lighter; the dorsum covered with very smali, depressed, black bristles, and with longer yellow hairs at the sides. Genitalia reddish, the claspers blackish at apices; pubescence yellowish; the eighth ventral segment produced, ending in a point with long black hairs which extend to the sides, on its inside it is reddish yellow in colour. Legs blackish; the femora reddish on their outer sides ; tibiz only black ou their undersides; tarsi reddish, apices black ; femora and coxe with long white hairs, thickest on the fore pair, the middle pair with four strong bristles in the middle and two at their apices, the hind pair with three near the apices and two or more nearer the base and others beneath ; the tibize with numerous long black bristles and with some weak yellowish hairs, which are long on the front Miss G. Ricardo on the Asilidee. 53 pair on the under surface; tarsi with similar long black bristles. Wings hyaline, grey ou fore border and at apex, with grey streaks in the posterior cells, the small transverse vein barely beyond the middle of the discal cell. Female identical, but the moustache is entirely black; ovipositor black, compressed, about the length of the two preceding segments together; abdomen with the pale seg- mentations more distinct and wider. Machimus nigrinus, & 2, sp. n. Type (male) (160), type (female) (148), and a series of both males and females from Bowdali, 5700 feet, July 1909 ; Khati, 7650 feet, 30. 5. 09 ;, Bhim Tal, 18. 6. 12; Binsar; 28. dle: Takula, 2725. 12; -Airades, 1. 6. 12; Ohanlecrias 13. 6. 12; all localities in Kumaon. A small blackish species, distinguished from Machimus montanus by the wholly black legs and from Machimus indianus by the absence of bristles on the underpart of the fore femora. Abdomen blackish with greyish segmen- tations. Moustache black and white. Length, g 14-17, 2? 13-17 mm. Male.—Face covered with yellowish-white tomentum ; tubercle large, blackish, covered with black stout bristles and long white bristles intermixed on the lower part, all forming the moustache. Palpt black with black hairs. Beard and hairs round head white. Antenne biackish, the first two joints with black hairs, the third with a style about two-thirds of its length. Forehead blackish with black hairs, postocular bristles black. Thorax yellowish brown, the median stripe blackish brown, with a very fine dividing-line anteriorly, the side-stripes the same colour; presutural bristles two in number, two supra-alar bristles, two postalar bristles, and about six dorso-central stout bristles, many fine bristles or hairs intermixed with them. Scutellum with six marginal bristles. Dorsum of thorax covered with short black bristles. 4ddomen greyish, with a large brownish- black spot on each segment, not attaining the posterior border; sides of segments with weak yellowish bristles. Genitalia large, black, with chiefly black pubescence; the eighth ventral segment produced considerably, but not to a point, fringed sith black hairs, at the sides they become sparse and “yellow. Legs black, covered with eveyish short pubescence ; the fore femora with long black hairs below, no bristles; two very strong bristles near apex, middle femora with two very stout bristles at the apices, two or more on ge Miss G. Ricardo on the Asilidee. upper border at sides, below only black bristly hairs are present ; posterior femora with four black bristles below, two at the apex, and four on the upper border, all bristles on the legs are black ; the fore tibie with a regular row of black bristles all the same size above and some soft hairs intermixed, other stronger bristles below; fore tibiz and tarsi, also the posterior tibiz and tarsi, clothed below with short rufous pubescence. Wings clear, shaded brown on the fore border, at apex, and in the centre of the cells on the posterior border. Female is similar. Ovipositor black, barely the length of the last two segments. Machimus parvus, 3 3, 8p. n. Type (male) and four other males, Type (female) and three other females, all from Kotagin, 6000 feet, Nilgherri Hills (F. . Cragg). Males and females from Trincomalee, Dambula, Ceylon ( Yerhury) ; and from Horaweputone, Mahaganay, and Kenaratyodes, Ceylon; one female from Biserat, Siam (H. C. Robinson and N. Annandale), LOLO; 2%. A small species distinguished by the bright red genitaha of the male, and in both sexes by the bristles on the abdomen being almost entirely black, and by the absence of any real bristles on the fore femora. Abdomen black with yellowish segmentations. Legs black. Length, ¢ 9-10, ? 10-11 mm. Male.—Face with yellowish tomentum; tubercle very large, covered with stout black bristles and a few white weak bristles appearing below, all comprising the moustache. Palpi black with black hairs. Beard yellowish. Forehead with black hairs. Antenne blackish brown, the style of third joint barely more than half the length of joint. Postocular bristle black. Thorax greyish with blackish-brown stripes, the median divided by a fine line anteriorly. Presutural bristles two in number, supra-alar two, postalar two; dorso- central bristles about twelve, in two rows extending beyond the suture; dorsum of thorax with short black hairs. Scutellum with four very long bristles. dAddomen greyish, the first segment blackish, the second and third segments each with a large black spot having only the anterior and posterior borders grey, the fourth and fifth with similar spots, but only the posterior borders greyish, the remaining segments chiefly grey; all the bristles and hairs on sides black; genitalia large, bright red, shining, with some black Miss G.. Ricardo on the Asilide. 55 hairs ; the eighth ventral segment produced, with a fringe of black hairs. Leys black; all the femora with leng black hairs below, sometimes rather bristle-like ; the middle femora with three bristles at the apex aud one near the apex, the posterior pair with four on the upperside, two at the apex, and two near the apex; tibize and tarsi with strong black bristles; the tibize on their outer edges with a fringe of fine, short, whitish hairs, continued on the first two joints of tarsi, this fringe is most noticeable on the hind pair of legs. Wings clear, the usual shading very faint, the small trans- verse vein just before the middle of the discal cell or sometimes beyond it. Female is similar. Ovipositor black, about the length of the last two segmeuts. Machimus tibialis, 8 2, sp. n. Type (male) (216) from Dehra Dun, U.P., 3. 4. 1912. Type (female) (218) from Dehra Dun, U.P., 1. 4. 1912 and others from same locality and Bhowali, Kumaon, 5700 feet, July 1909, all from Imus Coll. A small species with reddish-yellow tibize and some of the femora with a reddish-yellow stripe on the inside. Abdomen greyish yellow, with paler segmentations. Moustache black and white. Length, ¢ 134, 2 15-17 mm. Male.—Face with grey tome:ntum; tubercle fairly pro- minent. Moustache composed of bristly white hairs, with black ones above and at sides. Padpi black with black hairs. Beard white. Antenne blackish brown, the second -one reddish, both with black bristly hairs below and whitish short hairs above, the third with an arista two-thirds of its length. Forehead with black hairs. Hairs round head whitish, the postocular .bristles black. Thorax greyish yellow with the usual stripes; the presutural bristles, the supra-alar, and postalar all two in number, black; the dorso- central bristles about eight in number, aljl accompanied by some long, fine, black hairs. Seutellum paler with pale yellowish pubescence and with six long bristles on its margin, some of these being yellowish. Abdomen greyish yellow, with a large dark spot on each segment; the seg- mentations lighter, the first three segments with whitish weak bristles on their’sides; a few white hairs are visible on the sides of the others and on the segmentations of the last two segments; pubescence on dorsum very short, black; genitalia blackish above and reddish below, with chiefly 56 Miss G. Ricardo on the Asilidee. black pubescence ; the eighth ventral segment small and very slightly produced, fringed with fairly long pale hairs. Legs yellowish; the femora blackish on their outer sides, all covered with short white pubescence; the fore femora with cnly soft yellowish hairs above and below, the middle pair with at least four black bristles and two at the apex, soft yellow hairs below, the posterior pair with four bristles below, one above, two near apex and two at the apex, and soit yellow hairs below ; tibiz with chiefly black pubescence on the first pair aud a fringe of appressed reddish hairs on under surface ; on the other tibiz it is chiefly whitish, all with numerous black bristles. Vi ings clear, shading at apex and on posterior border faint, the small transverse vein is just beyond the middle of the discal cell. Female is identical, the bristles on the seutellum only four in number; ovipositor short, blackish; femora more largely black on their outer sides, and the tibiz have also a black streak ; the tarsi blackish at their apices; some of the bristles on legs are yellowish. The male is very probably immature, so that others may be found with the femora as in the female. Machimus ugandiensis, § 9, sp. 0. Type (male) and another from Mpanga Forest, Toro, 400 feet; Uganda, 18-28 Nov.,1911 (S.A. Neave), 1912, 193: other males from Uganda Protectorate 8. of Lake George, 3200-8400 feet, 17-19 Oct., 1911; from Dara or Durro Forest, Toro, 4000-4500 feet, 25-29 Oct., 1911; and from Buamba Forest, Semliki Valley, 2800-2800 feet: all by the same collector. Type (female) from Mpunga Forest, others from Mabira Forest, Chagwe, 8500-8800 feet; from Buamba Forest, from between Seziwa River and Kampala, 8500-8750 feet ; from Western Ankola, 4500-5000 feet, 10-14 Oct., 1911; and from Brit. E. Africa, edge of forest on S. and E. slopes of Kenya, 6000-7000 feet : all by the same collector. ‘This species is apparently nearly allied to Machimus caudiculatus, Speiser, from German EK. Africa, but the description of the latter (not a very full one) describes the legs as vellowish grey on the fore tibize and tarsi and on the whole hind legs, being covered with close-lying yellow pubescence—in this species the legs are black and not clothed with these hghter hairs. Length, ¢ 1445-16, 9 15-175 mm. Male. —Face with colden- yellow tomentum. Moustache Miss G. Ricardo on the Asilide, 57 on large tubercle composed of stout black bristles and a few weaker yellow ones below. Pa/pi black with black pubes- cence. Beard pale yellow. Proboscis clothed with pale yellow on its under surface. Antenne black; the tirst two joints with black hairs and bristles, the third bare, the second is two-thirds the length of the first; the third is almost as long as the first two joints together, with a terminal bristle nearly as long as itself. Morehead same colour as face, with black hairs. Thorax with a median and side stripes deep black in colour, the rest of the dorsum is clothed with golden-yellowish tomentum and with short black hairs. Presutural bristles three, supra-alar two, postalar two; the dorso-central bristles numerous, reaching the snture, all are stout and black, interspersed with smaller, finer, bristle-like hairs. Scutellum the same golden yellow as thorax or rather paler with short black pubescence and with four very stout black bristles on its posterior border, Abdomen blackish, showing traces of yellowish, or grey, or brown tomentum, with bright yellow hairs on the posterior borders of segments, which become longer and more like bristles at the sides; the dorsum elsewhere with fine black pubescence ; underside greyish yellow, with vellow pubes- cence. Genitalia large and prominent, black with black hairs; the last segment on the underside with a finger-hke stout process clothed with black hairs, which are thick at the tip, it is aimost twice the length of the usual width of the segment. Legs deep black, with black bristles; the coxe and the fore femora below with bright, soft, yellow, long hairs; the other femora with only short yellow pubescence on their upper and lower borders and with short black bristles and longer ones below which are sometimes yellow on the hind pair; the fore tibie also with long yellow hairs not so numerous, and with black and some yellow bristles, the black bristles on the outer side are very long, two or more in number; the middle tibiz have not these, but yellow and black bristles of ordinary size and with some short yellow pubescence on their outer borders, the hind pair with black pubescence and bristles, and reddish or yellowish fringes of short hairs below on each apical border; the tarsi with black hairs and bristles, the first joint of hind pair with reddish or yellowish fringes in some of the specimens. W2ngs clear, grey at apex and on posterior border, leaving only the base and centre of wing clear; the small transverse vein this side of the middle of discal cell, Kemale.—The yellow hairs on moustache are much less numerous, the yellow beard in both sexes is very thick and 58 Miss G. Ricardo on the Asilide. continued round head; ovipositor short, not including the sixth or seventh segments. Fore femora with not so many yellow hairs below aad with some darker ones intermingled, more bristle-like in two of the specimens; the bristles on scutellum are more numerous. Neorramus, Ost.-Sack. Cat. Dipt. N. Amer. ed. 2, 82 & 235, 134 (1878). Itamus, Loew, Linn. Ent. iv. 847 (13849). This genus is represented in the Oriental Region by the following species: Nesitamus griseus, Wied; Nevitamus longistylus, philus, Wik.—the tormer of these two includes SiX synonyms, see below. Nevitamus javanensis, De Meijere; Neottamus spinicauda and melanopygus, V.d. Wulp. Of these only N. griseus and N. philus are recorded from India and Ceylon. Nine new species are here described from india and surrounding districts, one from the Pbilippines, and one from Tientsin, S. China. From the South African Region only Neoitanus armatus, Becker, podagricus, Bezzi, aa N. sodalis, d. Wulp from Arabia have been described. Two new Be are now described. All the species are fairly typical of the genus, with the exception of N. pulcher from Ceylon and N. philus, Walker. Neoitamus griseus, Wied. Dipt. Exot, p. 192 [ Aszlus] (1821); Wulp, Tijd. v. Ent. (2) vii. (xv.) p. 246 [Itamus | (1872). For other references see Kertesz’s Cat. This species has been redescribed by Wulp, but unfortu- nately he does not specify very accurately the bristles on thorax and legs, and I have not been able to identify it with certainty, though a series from Ceylon in the Brit. Mus. Coll. may be chi species, which is said to be about 20 mm. long, the femora having a black stripe on their upper border, otherwise they are reddish yellow. Neoitamus philus, 2, Walker. List. Dipt. ii. p. 898 [Aszlus] (1849), et vil. Suppl. 3, p. 725 [Aszlus] (1855); V. i Wulp, Tijd. v. Ent. xli. p. 145 phoma (1898), et xlii. p. 55 [ Ltamus]} (1899). Type (female) from Silhet, 45, 107. Females from Khasi Hills, Assam (fF. W. L. Sladen), purchased from Doncaster, 98, 202; from Khasi Hills, pur- chased from li. Heyne, 97, 82; and collected by A. Chennell, ee es Miss G. Riearidlo on the Asilides. 59 958,135; from Sikhim, June 1895, 2000 feet (J. G. Pilcher) ; 97, 120; Taungu, 11, 89 (Bingham Coll.); Hanngtharaw River, enasserim, Burmah, Ieb. 1890 (Col. C.F. Bingham), 96, 282. An easily recognized species, not at all typical of the genus, however; thorax and sculellum covered with bright reddish- yellow tomentum ; ; the short black abdomen has some same- coloured tufts of hairs on the first segment, elsewhere the pubescence is black ; the ovipositor including the sixth and seventh scgmeuts is nearly as long as the rest of the abdomen. “Legs reddish yellow; the base of femora and knees black. Wings large with yellow veins, shaded grey at apex and narrowly so on the posterior border. Length 27 mm. Neoitamus longistylus, Wied. Ausszweifl. Ins. i. p. 483 [Asilus] (1823). For other references see Kertesz’s Cat. Itanus latro, Dol. ? Asilus terebatus, Macq. Ttamus involutus, Wk. Ttamus normals, Wk. Ttamus dipygus, Schiner. ltamus dentipes, Wulp. Asilus vertebratus, Wulp. Wiedeman’s species was described from New Guinea and the Indian Archipelago ; to the synonyms given by Kertesz I have added Walker’s species involutus deserihed originally from Ternate, normals fromm the same place, and dipygus, Schiner, which was only distinguished by lim from involutus by the colour of the tarsi, neh were black in his species, not red as in Walker’s species, and the dark colour of the wings was more diffused. These are all apparently identical with Wiedemann’s species—or, at the utmost, local varieties. There are specimens of the species in the Brit. Mus. Coll. from Ternate, New Guinea (see Austen, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, xx. (18) p. 405, 1915), Gilo'o, and Batjan; also from Nantauri, Central Group, Nicobar Islands; Dinding, Siam; and Biserat, Siam—so that it appears to be a widely diffused species. A handsome large species with tufts of golden hairs on the black abdomen. Male genitalia large and com-- plicated, black with black hairs. Female ovipositor very long, almost as long as the other segments together; it includes the sixth and seventh segments. Legs are yellowish ; 60 Miss G. Ricardo on the Asilide. the femora at base and the knees black. Fore femora devoid of bristles, but with long soft black and white hairs below, the middle and posterior femora with a few black bristles and with short reddish-yellow pubescence ; the tibize also have to a lesser extent long fine hairs below and some biack bristles. Beard yellowish. Length, ¢ 20-28, 9 25-27 mm. For a more detailed description, see Schiner. Neoitamus ceylonicus, ¢ 2, sp. n. Type (male) from Malay Cove, Ceylon, 3. 3. 92. Type (female) from Trincomalee, Ceylon, 24. 2. 91 (Lé.- Col. Yerbury), 1892, 192. A small species very similar in appearance to N. inornatus, sp.n., but distinguished by the pubescence and bristles on the legs and absence of bristles on fore femora. . Length, ¢ 18, 2 15 mm. Male.— Moustache is almost wholly black, a few white hairs only present. Pepeiturel bristles are black and three in number, two supra-alar, three postalar, all black; the dorso-central bristles more numerous, all black, with fine, long, black hairs intermingled, and a Machimus-like crest of airly long hairs on anterior median line of thorax reaching the dorso-central bristles ; scutel/wm with four very long black bristles, also intermingled with fine, long, black hairs. Abdomen bluish black in colourine, with the same design as in Neoitamus inornatus ; the bristies at sides chiefly black ; genitalia stout, black, and shining, with hlack pubescence. Legs blackish ; the tibia reddish yellow, black at apices; tarsi with the first joint reddish yellow, the remaining joints black; the fore femora have no bristles, but long black hairs on underside and a few silvery-white hairs on outer side ; the middle femora with the same, but short black bristles are present on the uppersides and one at apex; the hind femora are the same ; tlie fore tibize have conspicuous, very long, black hairs on the outer side intermingled with shorter ones, and three short weak black bristles on upperside of the base; pubescence short and black; the middle and hind tibiz with short black hairs, strong black bristles, and black pubescence, on the hind pair rufous below; tarsi with all the numerous bristles black. Female is dirty and not in good condition, but appears identical, the ovipositor including the sixth and seventh segments of abdomen. Miss G. Ricardo on the Asilidee. 61 Neoitamus grandis, 2, sp. n. Type (female) and three other females from Bhowali, Kumaon, 5700 feet, July 1909 (4. D. Imms). A species rather similar in appearance to Neoitamus longi- stylus, Wik., but distinguished at ouce by the black femora. Abdomen brownish, densely covered with yellowish-grey tomentum and yellow pubescence. Moustache yellow. Legs reddish yellow ; femora partly black. Length about 22 mm. Face covered with greyish-yellow tomentum and with some yellow hairs at sides; tubercle very large, covered with the moustache, which cousists of long, yellowish-white, bristly hairs. Patpi black with yellow hast Antenne blackish the first two joints with ‘black hairs. Forehead brighter- coloured than face, with some black hairs. Beard yellowish white, the hairs round head the same colour till they reach the black occipital bristles. Thorax covered with yeliowish tomentum (type is denuded) and with the usaal brown stripes, the median one large, not divided. Preesutural bristles three, stout, black; supra-alar bristles three, postalar bristles four; dorso-central bristles about twelve in number, in the type some of the bristles near wings are yellowish ; pubes- cence on dorsum black. Scuéellum with greyish-yellow tomentum and four stout bristles on margin, yellow in the type, black on the others; some long yellow hairs on dorsum. Abdomen with the five first segments yellowish; the Ovipositor composed of the last three segments is blackish. Legs reddish yellow; the fore femora with a broad black stripe on their upperside in the type, in the other females wholly black ; no bristles below, but one black one on the inner side at apex, and long black bristly hairs at the base on underside, some of these are almost as stout as bristles; middle tibiz ineras- sate, with numerous black bristles on their lower sides and some yellow oues on their outer sides, two yellow ones near apex, sometimes black; hind femora with two yellow ones near apex, one black one inside near apex, and black bristly’ hairs below; the pubescence on femora chiefly yellow ; tibiz reddish yellow with black bristles and black pubescence, some fulvous hairs below; tarsi reddish, black at the apices, with many black bristles. Wings large, clear, veins reddish, the small trausverse vein at about the middle of the discal cell. 62 Miss G. Ricardo on the Asilide. Neoitamus hindostani, 8 3, sp. n. Male (type) from Dharmoti, Kumaon, 8. 6. 1912. Female (type) from same locality, 9. 6. 1912; and other males and. females from Shum Ket, 15. 5.1912; and Bhowah, July 1909, and 20. 6. 1912 (Imms Coll.). A typical, well-defined, medium-sized species, yellowish grey in colour with dark brown spots on the abdomen, and stripes on the thorax; tibiz reddish yellow. Moustache yellowish. Keneth;, sl7; 4 -F9 mm: Male.—Face silky yellowish, tubercle darker. Moustache thick, yellowish. Beard yellowish. Pa/pi black, with yellow hairs. Antenne blackish brown, the first two joints with black hairs, the arista of third joint as long as the joint. Forehead darker than face with some black -hairs. The hairs round head paie yellowish, meeting the postocular bristles, which are black. Thoraz with the usual black-brown stripes ; presutural bristles four, two large and two smaller ; supra-alar three, postalar three to four; dorso-central bristles ten to twelve, not so stout, long fine black hairs are inter- mixed with these, and the pubescence on the dorsum is short, black. Scutellum with five to seven black bristles on its margin and long yellow hairs on its dorsum. Abdomen ashy grey, covered by a large dark brown spot on each seg- ment; these sementations niler, the first segment with many long yellow hairs and a few yellow bristles ; these are con- tinued on the sides of the other segments, with about four stout yellow bristles on the postericr border at side of each segment, as far as the fourth segment. Genitalia large, black, au little red below, with black pubescence. Legs black, the tibize yellowish red, darker at their extreme apices ; the fore and mid coxee with dense white hairs ; the fore femora with white short pubescence and some long, fine, black and yellow hairs below ; the middle femora with four rows of short stout bristles at the base below and on the sides, aud two or more weak yellow bristles at the apex; the hind femora with four yellow short bristles on the upper- side and two near the apex, two weak small black ones at apex, below are jong yellow hairs aud weak yellow bristles with one or more black bristles intermixed ; tibize and tarsi with black bristles, the tibiee with pale yellow short pubes- cence on the sides, the middle and hind pair with black pubescence on the inner sides; the fore tibiz with two or three iong, weak, black bristles. Wings clear, the grey Miss G. Ricardo on the Asilide. 63 shading at apex and on hind border not very distinct, but extending down the fore border as far as the Junction of the second and third veins ; the small transverse vein is just beyond the middie of the discal cell or at the middle. Female identical. ‘le hind femora appear to have only two or three yeilow bristles on their uppersides. ‘The ovipositor consists of the last three segments and is black with chiefly black pubescence. Neowtamus mornatus, § 2, sp. nD. Type (male) and type (female), from Mussoree, U.P., India (J. #. Middleton), 1911, 448. One female from Punjaub (Dudgeon Coll.), 1904, 232. A small inconspicaous-looking species. Abdomen blackish with segmentations and sides grey. Legs blackish; tibice and tarsi largely yellowish. Beard black and white. Fore femora with some bristles. Length, ¢ 14, 9 16mm. Male.— Face blackish with grey tomentum ; the tubercle large shining black, carrying a thick, tuft-like, white mous- tache surrounded by black bristles. Palpi black with black bristles. Beard white. Antenne broken off, in the other female they are blackish, the base of the third joint reddish yellow. Forehead with black bristly hairs, the hairs round head white, with strong black bristles at vertex on each side of the frontal incision. Thorax covered with greyish tomentum, having a very distinct median black stripe divided ia the middle and with three blackish spots forming side- stripes ; the pubescence is short and black. Praesutural bristles are four, three being yellow; three supra-alar bristles, four postalar Baistioa ; the dorso-central bristles are numerous but weak, many being yellowish, weak, bristle-like hairs. Scutellum covered with grey tomentum and with some long white pubescence, and three or four black bristles on its posterior border. Abdomen covered with greyish tomentum, leaving a large blackish-brown spot on each segment, rounded at their posterior border; on the side of each seg- ment are two or more strong yellow bristles and long white hairs; on the dorsum the pubescence consists of very short yellowish hairs, more numerous and longer and paler. on the first segment. Legs blackish; the femora at their apices yellow ; tibize yellow with apices black ; tarsi yellowish with black apices ; fore femora incrassate, w ith three short yellow bristles at base below and a few black small bristles round the apex; pubescence blackish with some white hairs, all 64 Miss G. Ricardo on the Asilide. short ; the middle femora with three or four yellow bristles above and six or so below, pubescence of short black hairs, the posterior pair with more numerous yellow bristles above and below; the fore tibia with yellow bristles on each side and short black hairs; the middle tibiae with the same, but two on the underside are longer and stouter, and those on the hind pair are stout and numerous; the tarsi with numerous black bristles, some yellow ones on the first three joints of the front and middle tarsi. Wings (absent). Genitalia very short and stout, black. Female is identical, the white hairs of moustache largely replaced by black bristles. Thorax with the same number of bristles, though only three preesutural bristles seem pre- sent, two or three of them beinvg yellow; on the other female some of the alar bristles are yellow. Abdomen rather blacker, the ovipositor including the sixth and seventh seg- ments is long, more than half the length of the other segments together. The bristles on the underside of fore femora are largely black, on the tibize black and yellow, on the tarsi chiefly black. Wings clear, very faintly shaded at apex and on posterior border, the small transverse vein this side of the middle of the discal cell. Neoittamus nigrinus, & 2, sp. n. Type (male) and type (female), from Cape Engano, North Luzon (J. Whitehead), 98, 2U7. This handsome species must be allied to Wulp’s species, N. spinicauda and melanopygus, both from Celebes. It is deep black, the male with silvery-white tufts of hair on tlie last two segments of abdomen, and the female has a reddish- yellow ovipositor. Length, ¢ 20, 2 22 mm. Male.—Face black with golden-yellow, tomentum chiefly on its lower part. Moustache golden yellow below, black above. Palpt black with black hairs. Antenne blackish, the third joint dull rufous. Forehead with black hairs; at vertex black bristles round the head continued as yellow hairs to the proboscis. Thorax black with traces of three grey tomentose stripes, sides with a dull yellow tomentose stripe. Preesutural bristles two in number, (?) one supra- alar bristle, three postalar. bristles, and very many black long hairs represent the dorso-ceutral bristles. Scutedlum black with black hairs and four or more black bristles on its posterior border. Abdomen deep black with black pubescence, which is thick at the sides and on the segmentation; the Miss G. Rieardo on the Asilide. 65 hairs on the sixth segment are tuft-like and yellowish, those on the seventh segment shorter, whiter, and less numerous, not tuft-like. Genitalia stout, complicated, black, with black pubescence. Legs black, the fore and middle tibie dull rufous; femora appear devoid of bristles, but have black pubescence, thick on the hind pair; the tibize have black bristles and black hairs, the latter long below, and some rufous short hairs are present on the fore and middle pair ; tarsi black with black bristles and black hairs, the first joint inerassate aud Jong, very heavily armed with black bristles. Winys yellowish grey, shaded grey at apex and on posterior border, the small transverse vein this side of the middle of discal cell. Female is identical, but has no pale hairs on the sixth and seventh segments of abdomen; the ovipositor is reddish yellow, including the sixth and seventh segments, and as long as the three last segments together, at its apex with a (eer veak, yellow, short spines and hairs. Wings are more yellow i” colour. Neottamus pulcher, 6 2, 8p. n Male Ceype) from Kandy, Ceylon, 20. 5. 92. (Lt.-Col. Yerbury), 1892, 192. Female (type) from Haragam, Ceylon, 1. 6.92. (Lt.-Col. Yerbury), 1893, 192; and another female from Kandy, 20.5. 92 (Li.- Col. Yerbury), 1892, 192. A large fine-looking species with reddish-yellow antennz and legs. Abdomen black with narrow reddish- yellow bands in the male and yellowish bands in the female. Wings shaded at apex and on hind border. Length, g 22, 2 with ovipositor 25 mm. Male, Face ‘chamois-yellow, with tomentum of same colour. Facial tubercle very large, carrying the moustache composed of stout yellow bristles, four or more black bristles above the mouth on each side. Palpi reddish brown with yellow hairs. Antenne pale yellow, the second joint redder, the third joint wanting, black hairs op sides of the first joint which is fully four times as long as the second joint, the black hairs are also present on this joint. Hind part of liead with yellow bristle-like hairs, continued as soft hairs to proboscis and below it. Thorawv blackish brown with yellow-grey tomentum, the median stripe very distinct, con- tinued just beyond the suture where it splits in half. Pree- sutural bristles apparently two, one being reddish, the other black; supra-alar bristles apparently two and both black ; Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. 11. i 66 Miss G. Ricardo on the Asilide. postalar bristles two, one being black, the other reddish ; dorso-central bristles not apparently present, with the excep- tion of a few weak, bristle-like, reddish hairs which are also present on sides posteriorly. Scutellum reddish, darker anteriorly, with two or more weak reddish bristles. Abdomen blackish brown with narrow fulvous bands ; dorsum covered with yellowish tomentum and with short reddish-yellow hairs, which on the anterior borders of the fulvous bands become more like short bristles redder in colour ; sides of thorax with one long yellowish bristle on each segment inter- spersed with long yellow hairs; underside blackish brown with the fulvous bands, almost bare of pubescence. Geni- talia blackish brown, about as long as the last segment. Leys reddish yellow, the knees blackish. Fore and middle femora with eight or more black bristles below and three stout ones on their upper inner sides; hind femora with only two black bristles and reddish hairs below, two dark reddish bristles above near the apex; tibize with one or two isolated reddish-yellow bristly long hairs and with yellowish hairs below; tarsi with stout black and reddish bristles; pubescence on legs short, black. Wings large, as long as the zbdomen, greyish; the dark shading distinct, extending nearly to the fork of the third vein and continued on the posterior border to the fifth posterior cell; the posterior fork of third vein has an abrupt curve inwards; the small cross-vein is beyond the middle of the discal cell. Female identical. The bristles near the mouth are yellow, not black. Axtenne with the third joint yellowish, not so long as the first joint, bearing a black a:ista almost twice its length. All the bristles on thorax are black ; the dorso- central bristles are fairly numerous, but many of them are weak, short, bristle-like hairs. Scute/lum is almost wholly reddish yellow, with black bristles. The light bands on the abdomen are yellower; the ovipositor is black, composed of the seventh and following segments, about as long as the fifth and sixth segments together. Fore femora with only four very strong black bristles, situated on the underside and interspersed with weak long black hairs, these are also — present on the middle femora, with seven more on the upper- side; on the hind femora five bristles below and eight on the upperside, besides two at apex ; the fore and middle tibiz have three very long, strong, black bristies on the underside and a few shorter stout ones above; the hind tibiz have one near the base and two pairs beyond, with two weak hair-like bristles on the outer side; the pubescence on the underside of tibiz and on the dorsum is yellow, elsewhere on the legs . Miss G. Ricardo on the Asilidee. 67 short and black; the first joint of the tarsi has thick yellow hairs on the under surface. ‘The shading of the wings at apex does not extend quite so far. This species differs from the typical species of the genus, the ovipositor including only the seventh segment, not the sixth, and the genitalia of the male are very unobtrusive and simple ; it approaches the genus Cinadus in having a strong bulge on the posterior branch of the third vein, but cannot be included in that genus, the genitalia being too small and the ovipositor not conical. For the present. it is left in the Neoitamus geuus. Neoitamus rubrofemoratus, 8 2, sp. 0. Type (male) and other males, type (female) and other females ; all from Tientsin, 15. 6. 06 (#. M. Thomson), 1907, 200. A large species in the same group as J. involntus, Wik., N. grandis, hiadostant, tarsalis, and niyrinus, sp. v., but dis- tinguished by the almose whi olly reddish-yellow legs, the femora with very indistinct black stripes ; the ovipositor of the female determines the generic place, however. Antenne reddish. Abdomen black with grey bands. Length, § 21-22, 9 28-25 mm. Male.— lace covered with yellowish tomentum; the tubercle large, but not very prominent, carrying a yellow- haired moustache. Palpi black with pa'e yeilow hairs. Beard yellowish white. Antenne with the first two joinis black, the second red at apex, and third wholly red. Hind part of head with the usual strong black bristles, in the centre with yellow hairs, which also are present on the lower sides. Thorax covered. with greyish-yellow tomentum and with dark black-brown stripes, the median one hardly divided in the centre, the side-stripes short ; pubescence chiefly black, very distinct on the median stripe, reaching to its anterior border; two prasutural bristles, two supra- alar, and three postalar bristles, all long and black ; the dorso-central ones uumerous, but the bristles are much weaker. Scute//um same colour as thorax with two long black bristles. dddomen with a rounded, large, biackish-brown spot on each cou ent ; the sides and posterior borders grey. Genitalia very large, the underpart. proceeding from below tle last segment with a large black clasper on “each side and a central yellowish curved process, the black part with black hairs, the upper part also large, black, with black hairs. Legs reddish yellow ; the femora black at the base and at apex, often with an ps 65 ; Miss G. Ricardo on the Asilidee. indistinct black stripe, all the bristles on legs are black, very numerous on the tarsi; femora almost bare, the posterior pair with a few. Wings pale brownish, clearer at the base, and often with clear kernels in the cells; the small trans- verse vein beyond the middle of the discal cell. Female identical; the ovipositor long, including the sixth and seventh segments. Neoiiamus siamensis, 6 9 , sp. n. Type (male) from Biserat, Siam, 9. 8. 1901 (H. C. Robinson and N. Annandale), 1916, 21. — ; Type (female) from K. Mabek, Siam, 138. 7. 1901. Another male and female from Biserat. Another male from Sungkie, Siam, 10. 2.1902; all by the same collector, 1916, 21. Another female from You Boi, Hainan, 5. 6.04; 1911, 288. A small black species with wide grey segmentation on tlhe abdomen. Autennze and legs black, the tibize partly chamois- yellow in colour, Ihength, ¢ 15,°9 17mm. Male.—Face blackish covered with grey tomentum; the tubercle distinct. Moustache consists of chiefly whe bristles, two or three black ones intermixed. Palpi black with yellow hairs. Antenne blackish, the first two joints with bristly. black hairs. Forehead with the same; at vertex head with some strong black bristles, white hairs continued round head. Thorax blackish with grey tomentum, leaving the median black stripe distinct, narrowly divided, aud three greenish-black spots at sides, the posterior one very small ; pubescence on dorsum black. Preesutural bristles black, two in number; three supra-alar bristles, and two postalar bristles; the dorso-ceutral bristles represented by weak, bristly, black hairs, some very long. Scuted/wm covered with erey tomentum, and with white hairs, and two stout black bristles on its posterior border. Abdomen with the dark spots deep black, becoming brownish at sides; the grey segmentations are continued up the sides, becoming more golden yellow at base of segments; pubescence short and black on the dark spots, whitish and long on the segmenta- tions and at sides. Genitalia stout and complicated, black with black pubescence, and some reddish hairs on the upper piece. Legs blackish; the tibiz pale reddish yellow on their outer sides ; fore femora with no bristles, but with some scattered white hairs, the middle pair the same, but the Miss G. Ricardo on the Asilide. 69 white hairs are longer and more inclined to be bristly, and two black bristles are present on the apex, also present on the hind tibize, which have an extra black bristle on the upper- side ; fore tibie with black bristles and long black hairs below, and a thick fringe of short rufous hairs below ; the middle pair the same with fewer black bristles and the long hairs are white; hind tibiw with black bristles and the fringe of rufous hairs on each side, and no long hairs below; the first joint of tarsi stout and elongate with many stout black bristles ; some white pubescence on outer side and rufous hairs below, and some long black hairs; the other tarsi studded with black bristles and with some black pubescence. Wings clear, shaded on the apex and posterior border, the small transverse vein situated on apical third of the length of discal cell. Female identical. Moustache with more black hairs. Ovipositor is very long, including the sixth and seventh segments, about as long as the four posterior segments together. Neovitamus tropicus, € 2,sp.n. Male (type) from Sat Tal, 9. 5. 1912. Hemale (type) from Sham Ket, 16. 5. 1912; and anothe from Bhowali, July 1909, 5700 feet—all from Imms Coll. A small species, very similar to the European Neoitamus cyanurus, but differing in the bristles on legs being largely yellow, and in the pre “esutural bristles being reddish yellow or yellow and three in number. Length, ¢ 10, ? 18-15 mm. Male.—Greyish black. Face covered with whitish tomen- tum ; the tubercle which takes up the greater part of the face darker, covered by the dense dirty-w hite hairs of the mous- tache with some black bristle-like hair above them. Palpt black with black hairs. Beard dirty white. Hairs round head the same colour; postocular bristles black. Antenne blackish, the arista not so long as the third jomt. Thorax with the usual black stripes, the median one divided ; the three preesutural bristles yellowish, two supra-alar bristles usually black, two postalar (one black, one yellow) ; the dorso- central bristles extend beyond the suture in two rows, all black ; pubescence on the dorsum black, white at the sides. Scutellum with four stout long bristles on its margin, and white pubescence on the dorsum. Addomen with the usual large black spot on each segment and long white hairs on the first segment, elsewhere short and white, “sides with some 70 Miss G. Ricardo on the Asilide. white bristles and hairs. Genitalia small, stout, black with black hairs above and some yellow below: Legs black, the knees of the femora and the tibie, except at their apices, reddish yellow ; tarsi the same, blackish at the apices of the joints ; fore femora with two short yellow bristles above and some below intermixed with yellow, hairs, middle femora the same, hind femora with four above and four or more long ones ‘below, pubescence on all short and white; tibize with only white ‘bristles and c! hiefly yellowish pubescence : -) fore tarsi with some white bristles and black ones, the other pairs with fewer white ones. Wings clear, plist in apex hardly visible, small transverse vein beyond the middie. Female identical. The fore femora have black bristles below, and the fore tibie a long row on their uppersides. Ovipositor, composed of the last ‘three segmeuts, black. Neoitamus tarsalis, 8 9, sp. nN. Male (type) from Kandy, Ceylon, 28. 5. 92 (Lt.-Col, Yerbury), 1892, 122. Female (type) from Bentota, Ceylon, 13. 6. 91 (Lt.-Col. Yerbury), 1892, 122. | Two males from Trincomalee, 10 miles Kandy Road, same collector, 30. 5. 91 and 50. 8. 91. One male from Baduella, oe hen 5. 6. 92, same collector. A species not: unlike in generé al appearance NN, pulcher, sp. n., but at once distinguished by the broad first joint of fore tarsi armcd with very stout bristles. Leys reddish yellow ; femora largely black ; knees and apices of tibiz and the tarsi’black. Antenne black. Abdomen black, with broad grey segmentations. Length, g 18-19, ¢ 24 mm. with ovipositor. Male.—Face covered with silky yellow tomentum and hairs. Moustache on the not very prominent. tubercle, composed of whitish-yellow, long, weak bristles. Palpi black with yellow hairs, in the type some black bristles are present on the Pomaehe: Antenne blackish, the first two joints with black bristly hairs; the arista nearly double the length of the third joint, which is tinged reddish brown and is a little longer than the first joint. Forekead with black bristly hairs at the sides and on the central tubercle, hairs round the head white, four or five very stout black bristles are present each side of the frontal incision. Thorax covered with yellowish tomentum and with a distinctly marked median black stripe divided in the middle and two large blackish spots on each side; dorsum covered with short Miss G. Ricardo on the Asilide. ia black pubescence. Preesutural bristles are very large ape stout, two in number, one supra-alar bristle only and thre postalar bristles ; the dorso-central bristles are only re epre- sented by some fine black hairs on each side and in the middle, those on the posterior part becoming bristly hairs ; the dorsum is covered with fine black hairs and some longer pale yellowish ones posteriorly and on the sides. Scutellum covered with grey tomentum and with six blackish bristles on its posterior border, in the other males some of these appear yellow; dorsum with pale yellowish pubescence. Abdomen with large brownish-black spots on each segment, proc dueed posteriorly, but not reaching the hind border which is covered with greyish-yellow tomentum forming a band on each segment continued up the sides; dorsum covered with short yellowish or white hairs and with the same at the sides; underside largely brown. Legs reddish yellow ; the fore and middle femora black at the base and apex, the hind pair blackish for two-thirds of their length with a black apex; the tibize with dark apices ; the middle and hind tarsi wholly brownish ; the fore femora with uo bristles, some loug soft hairs below, the middle pair with two stout black bristles at the apex, the hind pair with five on the upper- side and four or so below, and two stout ones at the apex ; the tibie with five or more black bristles on the upperside of the fore pair, and a crown of them at the apex; underside with long, soft, yellowish hairs; the middle pair with rather fewer bristles on the uppersides and no soft hairs below, the hind pair with four or so on the upper and under side and four at the apex ; the underside with a thick fringe of short yellowish -hairs, also present on the upperside, these are present but less noticeable on the middle tibize; tarsi with the first jomt enlarged and broad on the front pair and longer on the other pairs, on these last it is nearly as long as the four other joints together, all with numerous very stout black bristles at apex and on the underside, and with some yellowish hairs above, the other joints have fewer bristles ; pubescence on the legs is otherwise short and black. Wings not so long as the abdomen. Genitalia are large, with black hairs, some white ones on the apex. The other males appear identical, the bristles and colouring of legs being the same, but the abdomen has a more hoary pubes- cence. Female is identical. The bristles on the scutellum all black. Ovipositor very long, including the sixth and seventh segments, nearly as long as the first five segments. Legs not quite so dark; the fore femora with four or five weak a 72 Miss G. Ricardo on the Asilidee. long bristle-like hairs below, besides the long soft hairs; the bristles on the hind pair of femora do not appear to be so numerous; fore tarsi are enlarged as in male. /Vings as in the male are shaded at apex and on posterior border, and the small transverse vein is before the middle of the discal cell. Neoitamus neavensis, 2, 8p. N. Type (female) and five others, from 150-200 miles W. of Kambove, Congo Free State, 3500-4500 feet, 16. 10. 07 (S. H. Neave), 1907, 230. A small black and grey species not unlike Neoilamus sodalis, Wulp, from Aden, according to the description, having no hairs or bristles on the seutellum; but Waulp makes no mention of the black stripe on the femora. Length 17 mm. Face covered with yellowish tomentum. Moustache seanty and yellow. Pa/pi black with yellow hairs. Antenne (broken off), the first joint black with dark hairs. Forehead *with some black hairs at sides. Thoraw covered with greyish tomentum, leaving apparent a very distinct velvety black median stripe divided anteriorly ; the side-stripes are repre- sented by two large black spots and ‘a small one; the two presutural bristles are stout, black; the supra-alar consist of one stout one and a weaker, the postalar being similar; the dorso-central bristles are weaker and few in number. Scutellum grey, with no signs of bristles or hairs. Abdomen with large black velvety spots and grey segmeutations, the sides are also grey, the first segment has a tuft of yellowish hairs at sides ; pubescence on ‘dors um very short and chiefly dark; the ovipositor includes the sixth and seventh segments and is about as long as the four preceding segments. Legs slender, reddish yellow ; the fore femora blackish on their upperside ; tibize biack at apices, the tarsi brownish from the second joint onwards, the middle femora also have a dark stripe, the hind pair are only black at their apices; only the middie and hind femora have bristles and then only two at the apex, with some very short pale yellow pubescence; the tibize have three or four each, one near the base with the same pubescence ; the first joint i is heavily armed with stout black bristles, most of them underneath, ‘and the following joints also have them. Wings clear, grey, the small trans. verse vein is situated beyond the middle of the discal cell towards the apex of the wing. Miss G. Ricardo on the Asilidee. 7: “ Neoitamus africanus, 2, sp. n. Type (female) and two other females from edge of forest on 8. and FE. slopes a ee 6600-7000 = Brit. E. Africa (S. A. Neave, Feb. : PROLI 191 pa7 A large bla Hees species, measuring hae 22 mm., distin- enishel by the wholly black moustache. Tubercle ‘of fane lirge, but not reaching the antenne. Thorax with not very numerous black bristles on its dorsum; the preesutural bristles consist of two very stout ones and two finer ones. Scutellum has six or more bristles on its posterior border. Abdomen (somewhat denuded) appears blackish with chiefly black pubescence, a few yellow hairs are apparent at sides and on the segmentations ; ovipositor long, including the sixth and seventh sestnents, in length about equal to the three preceding segments together. Legs black, apices of fore femora reddish ; tibie almost wholly reddish, as are the basal joints of the fore and middle tarsi ; ; the fore tibiz have a thiek short fringe of rufous hairs on their lower side, the middle and hind pair have hardly any long hairs; pubes- cence elsewhere black, with stout black bristles. Winys palebrown, clear at base, the discal cell almost wholly clear ; veins dark brown, the small transverse vein beyond the middle of the discal cell. Hetiemonevra, Bigot. Thoms. Archiv. Entom, ii. p. 356 (1858), Mochtherus, Loew, Linn, Ent. iv. p. 58 (1849) [preeoce. Schmidt, Goebel Coll., 1846). Neomochtherus, Ost.-Sack. Oriental and Ausiralian Regions. This genus is very shzhtly represented in these regions. Wulp described three species under Mochtherus, viz., Heligmoneura gnava, patruelis, and striuta,from the Indian Archipelago, Java, and the Celebes, and one species H. lauta mae New Guinea. In the Annals & Mage. Nat. Hist. (8) .p. 423 (1913), I removed Asilus lascus, Walker, to this ei, a species recorded from New Zealand. . Two new species are now described. Feligmoneura gnava, V. d. Wulp. Tijd. v. Ent. (2) vii. (xv.), p. 242 [ Mochtherus] (1872). Females from Kandy, Ceylon (7. EH. Green) 1910, 415, fe Miss G. Ricardo on the Asilidx. and from Khasi Hills, Assam, 97, 82; from Biserat, Siam (Robinson and Annandale), 1916, 21; and from Sandakaa, British N. Borneo (D. Cator), 98, 83. H. striata is distinguished from the above by not only the hind knees being black, but the posterior femora at apices and below and the ee tibiee and tarsi are all blackish ; the antenne are also blackish. In A. gnava and H. patruelis they are yellowish, and the legs in the latter are more like those of H. striata. H.lauta, described from a male only, is a large species, 16-22 mm. ; legs almost entirely reddish yellow. Heligmoneura indianus, § 9, sp. 0. Male (type), female (type), and two other females from Katagiri, 6000 feet, S. India, (F. Cragg). A medium-sized species, yellowish grey in colour, the legs almost wholly yellow. Moustache composed in the middle of long bristle- like yellow hairs, surrounded by several longer black bristles. Antenne blackish brown. Wi ings clear, shaded at apex and narrowly so on the posterior border. Length, ¢ 18, 2 17-18 mm. Female, ' “Face covered with silky-looking pale yellowish tomentum; tubercle small , covered by the moustache, which is continued on the sides of the epistome. Palpi black, with pale yellowish hairs. Antenne blackish brown, the first two joints with black hairs; the arista of third joint nearly as long as the joint. Beard pale yellowish; hairs round the head the same colour, reaching the postocula ir bristles, which are few in number and black. Forehead darker than the face, with black bristly hairs on each side. Yhorax with a distinct median brown stripe divided in the middle; dorsum of thorax with small bristles and a row of longer ones on each side of the stripe; preesutural bristles, supra-alar, and postalar bristles all two in number; the dorso-central bristles about six in number, with finer hair-hke bristles inter- nates Scutellum with two black bristles on its margin and some fine long yellow hairs between. Abdomen yellowish grey or yellowish brown, the segmentations narrowly paler in colour, the yellow bristles w eak and few in number; some appressed brighter-coloured pubescence on dorsum, thickest on the apical segments, elsewhere short and black ; ovipositor black, almost as long as the fourth, fifth, and sixth segments together. Legs yellowish red, with fine but numerous black bristles; fore femora with only soft yellow hairs, mid-femora with at least seven strong black bristles, hind femora with Miss G. Ricardo on the Asilide. 75 t three very strong black bristles and other smaller ones ; pubescence on the legs short, black; on the under edges of the tibiz some reddish-yellow hairs are distinct. Wings with the small transverse vein beyond the middle of the discal cell. Male is discoloured and damaged, but is no doubt the same species, though the femora appear almost destitute of strong black bristles, and some on the fore tibiz are yellow ; genitalia not very large, black. Heligmoneura sinensis, 3 2, Sp. n. Type (male) and type (female) from Tientsin, 25. 6. 06 (Ff, M. Thomas), 1907, 200, and another female. A fair-sized blackish-brown species with paler segmenta- tions on the abdomen and Jegs wholly reddish yeilow. Antenne yellowish. Moustache composed of yellow bristles. lings clear, shaded at apex and on posterior border. Length, ¢ 15-20, 2? 17 mm. Male.—FKace covered with silky-yellow tomentum; the tubercle distinct, covered by the yellow moustache. Pali black, with long yellow bairs. Beard yellowish. Antenne yellowish, the “third joint wanting in all the specimens, Forehead a little darker than the hind part of head with stout, not very long, yellow bristles. YVhorax dark, with yellowish-grey tomentum, leaving a broad median blackish undivided aipe: with long yellowish bristles on the posterior part and short black pubescence on dorsum; the preesutural bristles two in number, one yellow, oue Apres one supra- alar and two postalar, all yellow. Scuéel/um with two yel ow bristles. Abdomen covered with dense yellowish-giey tom: n- tum, leaving a median dark stripe composed “of long or triangular spots; yellow bristles on each seyment, two or three in nimber, more numerous on the first segment; dorsum cover.d with yellow short pubescence. Genitalia chestnut-coloured, stout, and not very long with some sloit yellow pubescence. Legs reddish yellow, the bristles on the tibice yellow, with a few black ones intermixed. Femora somewhat incrassate, with chiefly black bristles; tarsi darker at their apices, with black bristles; the pubescence on legs short, yellow, dark on the outer sides of the tibise and on their dorsum. Wings with both branches of the fork of the third vein slightly curved. Female similar. The ovipositor black, quite as long as the last two segments, the small transverse vein in the middle of the dorsal cell. Miss G. Ricardo on the Asilide. x1 rer) South African Region. The species of Heligmoneura described from this region are: Heligmoneura annulitarsis and sinuata, Loew, from Caf- fraria; H. deserticola, Karsch, from-K. Africa; H. monobia, Speiser, from Erythreea ; A. one Bezzi, Feow Erythrea ; H. modesta, Bigot, from Gaboon ; and H. rothkir chii, Speiser, from Kameroons: None of these species are represented in the Brit. Mus. Coll., except H.sinuata. H. annulitarsis must be nearly allied to it, but the fork of the third vein is said to be only very slightly curved, and the hind and middle tibiz with only black spots. The ovipositor is larger than the last two segments of abdomen—not equal, as in A. stnuata. Length 10 mm. H. deserticola is described very shortly; the face with two rows of very black bristles down the middle, a cha- racteristic not very probable in a species of this genus. H. monobia is described as a black species with yellow legs. H. nuda is described by the author as very like au Ommatius species, and, as he h iad not seen any specimen with perfect antenne, the question of genus remains undecided. H. roth- kirchti, Speiser, from Duala, Kameroous, is described as a very fine species, 205 mm. tong. Blackish with the ordinary yellow- grey tomentum of Asilide; the pubescence on the abdomen yellow, ee at the sides. Palpi black, red-haired. Antenne reddish yellow. Legs yellowish ; the femora at apices, most of the tarsi, and the hind tibize black ; described from one fema!'e specimen. Three new species are here described. Heliymoneura sinuata, Loew. Dipt. Stid-Afrika, p. 168 ¢1860). Males and females from Malvern and Howick, Natal, (J. P. Cregoe and G. A. K. Marshall). A small species with almost wholly yellow legs, only black at extreme apices of posterior femora and tibiz. Moustache yellow and black. Seutellum with two black bristles. Adédo- men brownish with yellowish tomentum. Wings with the posterior fork of third vein very distinctly curved. Length 13 mm. Heligmoneura neavn, $ 3, sp. n. Type (male) from N.E. Rhodesia, vicinity of Chambesi, A0CO feet, 18. 5. 1908 (S. A. Neave). Ar ™ y Miss G. Ricardo on the Asilidee. TF Type (female) from same locality, 16. 5.1908 (S..4.Neave). Other males and females from Sualaba River, 2500-4000 feet, 19, 4. 07, ete. (S. A. Neave), 1907, 230, and males from kambove, Katanga, 4000-5000 feet, 2. 4. 07 (S. A. Neave), 1907, 230. A species with a dusky or yellowish-brown abdomen, wholly yellowish-red legs and antenne, white moustache, aud genitalia of male bright reddish yellow. Length, g¢ 16-17, 2 16-18 mm. Male.—fuce black, covered with yellowish or white tomentum in well-preserved specimens. Moustache com- posed of numerous white bristles and often two or more Dluck bristles. Palpa black, with yellowish bristly hairs. Beard yellowish. Antenne yellowish red with some black hairs on the first two joints. Occipital bristles on head yellowish, continuing as finer whiter hairs round head to beard. Thorax in type discoloured black and red, but in otier specimens covered with yellowish-brown tomentum and with two faint nairow brown stripes ; preesutural, supra- alar, and postalar bristles all two in number and blac k, as are the few central and side bristles; dorsum also covered with some fine blackish hairs. Scutelldum same colour as thorax, with two black bristles. Abdomen blackish, but covered with yellowish-brown tomentum, with strong yellow bristles on the posterior borders of segments aud below ; dorsum with rather thick, fine, short, yellow and black pubes- cence. Legs with chiefly stout black bristles, yellow ones are present on the apices of fore tibiz and on the under surface of the other tibiz, and on the fore tarsi, also below the femora, which are devoid of the stout black bristles on the tront pair, having only weak yellow bristles below; pubes- cence on legs chiefly consists of short black hairs, some vellow ones on sides of tibie, especially the hind pair, Wings clear, with small transverse vein be 2yond the middle of the discal cell, the posterior branch of the third vein with a very pronounced bend in the middle. Genitalia of male are long, with black fine hairs. Female is identical, tlie black bristles on moustache at upper part and sides are always present and more numerous, but the yellow bristles on the legs are = numerous and hardly present on the fore legs; the ovipositor is black, not so long as the last two segments together. Heliymoneura africanus, 2, sp. 1 Type eke and two others, from Magadi, Brit. E. Africa, April 1912 Ce. G. Hamilton), 1915, 37, 4. 78 Miss G. Ricardo on the Asilidee. A yellowish-brown species with blackish antenne, white and black moustache, reddish-yellow legs with black ‘stripes on the tibiz ; ovipositor short aud black, not including the seventh segment. Length i 14 mm. Fuce covered with dirty yellowish-white tomentum; tubercle distinct ; moustache composed of white bristles with half a dozen or so fine black bristles above. Antenne dark-coloured, both the two basal joints with strong black bristles ani hairs, the third joint is wanting in all the specimens. Fore- head with yellow tomentum and with black bristles on each side. Occipital bristles black, hairs round head white. Beard white. Palpi black with white hairs. Thorax blackish brown covered with yellowish tomentum and with two distinct dark brown stripes and shorter side-stripes; pre- sutural, supra-alar, and postalar bristles all black and two in number, central bristles long and stout with short bristl s running up to the shoulders ; pubescence chiefly consists of short black hairs. Scutellum with two long white bristles. Abdomen blackish brown, covered with y ellow ish-grey tomei- tum, with yellowish bristles on posterior borders of segments at sides aud below, and with short yellow pubescence, Legs with black stripes on all the femora on the inner dorsal surface covered with fine white pube-cence, and with yellow bristles at apex and below; tibiz blackish at apex, with yellow bristles; tarsi largely black with black bristles; pubes- cence on legs black and short. W. ings clear, the posterior branch of third vein with only a very moderate curve, small transverse vein about the middle of the discal cell. Feligmoneura natalensis, 3 2, sp. n. Type (male) from Marley Kloof, Natal, and others from Natal and Mfongosi, Zululand. ‘Type (female) “from Karkloof, Natal, Feb. 1897 (G. 4. K. Marshall), 1903, 17, in Brit. Mus. Coll. ., aud other females from Natal ; and Mfongosi, Zululand (WW. EH. Jones). A species differing from Heligmoneura africanus by the black bristles on the scutellum and black bristles on the legs; it is also larger on the whole. Length, 6 16-i7, 2? 14-18 mm. Male. — Face dark, covered with whitish tomentum; the tubercle bearing black bristles above and yellowish ones below, forming the moustache, with short black bristles below. Pal ‘black with black hairs. Beard scanty, white. Antenne black. Forehead the same as face, wiih black ey ee ae On Batopora and its Allies. 79 bristly hairs. The bristles on hind part of head black. Thoraw dark, covered with grey tomentum, with two very distinet, narrow, blackish-brown, median stripes and duller greenish spots at sides ; preesutural bristles two im number ; the supra-alar and postalar respectively three in number, all black and very stout; median posterior bristles also stout and numerous. Scutelium same colour as thorax, with two black bristles. Adédomen brownish black, covered with greenish-grey tomentum, very noticeable yellow bristles at sides of each segment, and the dorsum covered with short black pubesc ence; astouter row of black bristly hairs on the posterior borders of segments, which also appear paler in colour; genitalia small, black and shining, with black pubes- cence. Tans reddish yellow, with a black stripe on all the femora and the two posterior pairs with black hairs ; the posterior tibize darker at apices and the tarsi all darker at the joints ; all bristles black with the exception of two or three long yellowish bristles on the fore and middle tibie at apices and at the bases of the first tarsal joints; pubescence short, black, some longer white pubescence on the underside of the fore femora and some short yellow pubescence on the outer edges of the tibice and first tarsal joints. Wings clear, grey at apex and on hind border, the posterior fork of the third vein slightly curved, the small transverse vein beyond the middle of the discal cell. Female identical, the yellow bristles on the legs not always present ; ovipositor, which does not include the seventh segment, is about the length of the last two segments together. VII.—Batopora (Bryozoa) and its Allies. By Axtavur Wm. Waters, F.L.S., F.G.S [Plate VI.] CONTENTS. Dans Batopora multiradiata, Rss. oo... 66... Shouse: Mamillopora simplex (Kosch.) ...... sate ai 86 Didentatar (HRSSS)Na ss sicsre saute: oe) oes ete (OO: GisaV OFS (ICOSCH,) gcc ss: Saws OS Spherophora fossa, Haswell .............. 89 Orbitulipora eacentried, See. ws. cee eee eee = ey As several interesting points have turned up relating to Batopora and its allies, it seems better to publish an account at once, without waiting for the publication of a paper, 80 Mr. A. W. Waters on now ready, dealing with species growing. in a cupuliform shape, including Selenariade and Conescharellinidee, as the consequences of war may cause delay. The re-examination of some specimens of what Haswell described as Spherophora fossa show the import ance of this species in throwing light on certain fossils. The zoaria are small, and were described as subspherical “ with a circular pit at the upper pole,” but it does not seem that we must spvak of the pit bemg at the upper pole. The growth is towards the pit, a fact correctly shown by Haswell, although he does not allude to it (Pl. V1. fig. 1). Another form with zoaria about the same size, « described by Reuss* as Diplotaxis placentula, now changed by Gregory f to Biselen- uria, as the name Diplotazis was preoccupied, grows on one surface to the border and then turns over to the other vrowing towards the centre. Although the growth in the two forms considered is not quite identical, they partially explain one another. Canut{ in deseribing Biselenaria offa, Greg., says the zoccia radiate from a ‘ grande ancestrule,” which, however, is not shown in Canu’s figure, and, as the zocecia are Membraniporidan, it is difficult to understand. The importance of the pit was appreciated by Haswell, who did not attempt any explanation in his first paper, bu it in a subsequent one § he mentions a Cedlepora with minute Actinids lodged in cylindrical pits, excavated in the substauce of the polyzoarium. He thinks this may throw some hght on the pits of Spherophora fossa, aud described it as a case of symbiosis of Actimd with Ced/epora. liowever, as regards S. fossa, the definite position of this pit in recent species from various localities, as well as in fossils from many localities, makes this very improbable; nor is this all, for it is clear that what was described as “ aufrecht ee Zelle” or “primoidial Zelle’”’? by Reuss and others in Batopora and some allied genera is a similar pit, though much smaller. In both cases there is a raised ridge surrounding the border (Pl. VI. fig. 6), and there are in the pits large pores leading to the surrounding zoccia. Reuss, who had seen the tubes from these pores, ‘spoke of them as a hydrostatic system, but how he considered that the system functioned is not clear. Ci and Bassler also refer to a hydrostatic system. * Bry. des deutsch. Unterolig. Sitz. d. k. Akad. Wissen. Wien, lv. 931, yl. i. figs. 5 oe (1864). ae «Brit, Pal. Bry.,” Trans. Zool. Soc. London, vol. xiii. p. 234 (1893). { Batopora and its Allies. 85 several large pores probably serving the same purpose ; but in spite of the very great similarity of form of growth Conescharellina has a much smaller’oral aperture, with a trace of a sinus and muscular attachments some distance from the border, while Bafopora has a nearly straight proximal edge with contractions at the side, as in most Lepralia, as the genus has been understood. Orbitulipora and Spherophora, both of which have a somewhat similar pit (large in Spherophora and lateral in Orbitulipora), have much larger oral apertures than either Batopora or Conescharellina, and have a nearly straight proximal edge and large curved distal end, just as in Holo- porella; further, Conescharellina has small cells with semi- lunar slits, whereas none are known in Batopora. Conescha- redlina has regular elongate chambers within the cone (Pl. VI. fig. 8), and these were clearly formed after the outer layer of zocecia, whereas in Batopora the irregular chambers are zocecial chambers formed before the outer barrel-shaped Boeecla. The small Cellepora globularis, Reuss, from Val di Lonte, is readily mistaken for Batopora multiradiata, as sma! specimens are about the same size, though the zoecia are larger and have two peristomial avicularia. This small globular form was evidently seen by Reuss* from Val di Lonte, but he and others have united under that name larger growths, without proof that they are the same species. Also, Conescharellina eocena, Nevianit, which occurs from several places in the Veneto, may at first glance secm to be Butopora, but examination of various characters aud of the internal structure proves it to be Coneschareliina (see Rie Te fie. '8)". Loc. Val di Lonte and Priabona (Rss.), Pap Patak ; Pap Falvi Patak ; Pap Falva, Kolos Monostor, Bacs Szucsag, Wola Lu’zanska, and Ofener Mergel (Hungary (Perg.)), Kocene of Bavaria, and found by me from Val di Lonte, Brendola; Priabona; Montecchio Maggiore; Ferrara di Monte Baldo; Malo; Creazzo; between Sarego and Grotte near Lonigo(Vicentine) ; Mazzurega,near Fumane, Veronese (abundant in this locality); S. Urbano di Mt. Sgreve ( Vicentine). * Bry. Crosaro, p. 264 (52). + ‘This is the Batopora conica, Hantken, as proved from a specimen in the British Museum sent by Hantken, and this is interesting, for though Hantken often refers to it, yet it is not known whether he has described it. ‘This species is dealt with in my other paper. 86 Mr. A. W. Waters on Mamillopora simplex (Koschinsky). Stichoporina simplex, Koschinsky, “Bry. der alt. Tert. des Stid- Bayerns,” Paleontographica, vol. xxxii. p. 64, pl. vi. figs. 4-7 (1885) ; Kirkpatrick, “ Flyd.& Poly. Torres Straits,” Proes Roy. ipl Soe. vol. vi. p. 623, pl. xvii. figs. 4 a, 6, ¢, d (1890) ; W aters, “ North Ital. Bry.,” Quart. "Journ. Geol. Soe. vol. xlvii. p- 3l, = iv. figs. 16-18 ara de Angelis d’Ossat, ed- A. Neviani, ‘ Corall. e Bri. Neog. di Sardeana,’ ’ Bull. Soe. Geol, Ital. vol. xv. p. 16 (1897). Manillopora smittt, Calvet, Exp. Se. du Trav. et du Talisman, Bry. vol, vill. p. 424, pl. xxvil. figs. 4, 5 (1907). There are four species called Stichoporina in the North Italian Tertiary Beds, differing principally in the position and character of the avicularia. In S. simplex, K., there is on one side above the oral aperture a large triangular avicularium, though very occasionally one on both sides. Koschinsky thought that the avicularium was below the oral aperture, though his figure would suggest its being above, apparently he mistook the zowcium to which it belonged. The second species, S. protecta, Kosch., has, as described by Kosehinsky, a small round avicularium («knopf- formiges—mit rundlicher Offnung) at each side. This small ‘avicularium, according to Canu *, may be pointed. The third species (Cupularia) bidentata, Rss., has a small round avicularium at the distal end of the zocecium, and the ovicell is very wide, wider than figured by Reuss. Canu also considers that what I determined as S. semplex, Kosch., is the S. protecta, K., but he seems to have overlooked the fact that Koschinsky mentioned and figured a large triangular avicularium at the side of the oral aperture in S. simplex. S. crassilabris, Kosch, from near Lonigo, Vicentine, has a projection above the oral aperture, often with a large central process or two lateral ones. In neither of the four species mentioned have I seen a central pit, nor is one mentioned, while in (Séchoporina) reussi, Stol., which is the type, there is a distinct one, as figured by Stoliezka, and it is very marked in a specimen from Latdorf sent by Pergens. Other differences are mentioned on page 82. The oral aperture of S. rewsst is much smaller (about 0°08 mm.) than that of the MW. bedentata group, in which in the wider part the oral aperture, contracted at the side by a denticle, is about 0°12 mm. It is thus seen that the group just mentioned does not correspond with S. reuss? and must be placed under Mamillopora, Smitt. Whether S. reussi should be placed with Batopora we may leave open. * Bry. Terr. Tert. des Env. de Paris, p. 101 (1907). Batopora and its Allies. 87 Canu* united Stichoporina reussi, Stol., and Batopora multiradiata, Reuss, but it does not now seem that this can be maintained. The North Italian specimens of simplex are 5°8 mm. diameter with the dome very little raised. Kirkpatrick’s are 20 mm. and Calvet’s have a more elevated cone, but I do not think that they should be separated on these grounds. Fig. 1. x85 a x85 : X8S : x95 : x95 : x05 f 8 x2S X25 & h a. Oral aperture of Spkeropiora fossa, Haswell. x 85. Dy. e Do. Orbitulipora lenticularis, Rss. x 85. d, e. Do. Mamullopora bidentata, Res. x 85. f. Do. Stichoporina reusst, Stoliczka. xX 86, g. Zocecium of Stichoporina reusst, Stoliczka, x 25. h. Do. Mamillopora bidentata, ssa 9 < 06. Loc. Gétareuth, Bavaria (Kosch.), and in my collection from Brendola; Priabona; Ferrara di Mt. Baldo ; between Grotte and Sarego, near Lonigo; all in the Veneto: and living from Murray Island, Torres Strait (Kirkp.); also Cape of Good Hope and Malacca (X.) ; Saint Vincent, Cape Verde Islands, 21 met. (Calvet). Mamillopora bidentata (Reuss). (Rig Nileities) 7, 110s text-fie. V, ds e; fh.) Cupularia bidentata, Reuss, “ Pal. Stud. iiber die Pusiae Tert. der Alpen,” Denk. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. xxix. p. 277, pl. xxix. figs. 1, 2 (1869); Pergens, Bry. Foss. des Eny. de Rolagae pad (only i in list) (1887). * Bry. Tert. Ann. de Paleont. vols. ii—iv. p. 100, pl. xi. figs. 16, 17, 18. 88 Mr. A. W. Waters on Reuss’s figure was difficult to understand, but there is no doubt that specimens in my collection are this species, and also on further cleaning up the specimen from Pap Falvi Patak sent by Pergens the characters can be made out. The zocecia are raised, the oral aperture is straight below and is contracted at each side, so that of course the aperture was filled by the operculum, whereas in Cupularia the opening is opesial. At the distal end of the zoccium there is an appendage, but whether avicularian or vibracular it is difficult to say, though probably avicularian. The opening to this appendage is apparently round, but details cannot be deciphered. There is no pit and the primary is a small zcoecium surrounded by six zocecia (Pl. VI. fig. 7). The ovicell is very wide and raised, similar to what I figured * in Fedora excelsa, Kosch., and is placed beyond the avicularium—a position so far from the oral aperture 1s difficult to explain. Loc. Val di Lonte and Granella (Rss ), Eocene of Hun- gary); Pap Patak; Pap Falvi Patak ; Marne de Buda (Per- gens), Bocca di Sciesa, Colle Berici, and Malo, Viceutine (CA. coll), Mamillopora crassilabris (Kosclinsky). Stichoporina crassilabris, Koschinsky, Bry. Stid-Bay. p. 66, pl. vil. figs. 1-4 (1856). A specimen of Mamillopora from between Grotte and Sarego, near Lonigo, Vicentine, has a great thickening above the oral aperture, sometimes rising in one or thrce processes, the middle one of which is an avicularium or vibraculum, and it looks like the appendage of M. bidentata very much enlarged and erect. No other appendage is visible, but the state of the fossil in not satisfactory. A small specimen of M. simplex + from Brendola has a thickening above the oral aperture, also a large triangular avicularium by the side. There are six zoccia round the primary and further cleaning recently has enabled better study. May not this thickening occur in various species of the group under certain conditions ? Loc. Gotzreuth (K.), between Grotte and Sarego. * “N. Ital. Bry.,” Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol, xlvii. p. 29, pl. iv. fie. 6 (1891). + Loe. cit. fig. 18. —— Batopora and its Allies, 89 Spherophora fossa, Waswell. (Pl. VI. figs. 1-3; text-fig. 2, a.) Spherophora fossa, Haswell, ‘ Poly. from Queensland Coast,” Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, vol. v. p. 42, pl. ii. figs. 5, 6 (1880) “Note on a Curious Instance of Symbiosis,” op, cit. vol. vil. p. 608 (1882). Cellepora fossa, Waters, “ Foss, Cheil. Bry. 8. W. Australia,” Quart. Journ, Geol. Soe. vol. xxxvii. p. 848, pl. xviii. fig. 89 (1881) ; op. ew, vol. xxxvill. p. 275 (1882); op. cit. vol. xxxix. p. 426 (1883) ; op. cit. vol. xli. p. 307, fig. 2 (1885); MacGillivray, “ Tert. Poly. of Victoria,” Trans. It. Soc. Vict. vol. iv. p. 108, figs. 8, 9, 10 (1895) ; Maplestone, “Tab. List Cheil. Poly. in Vict. Tert.,” Proc. R. Soc. Vict. vol. xvii, n.s. p. 215 (1904); ‘New or Little-known Poly.,” Proc. R. 58. Vict. n. s. vol. xxv. p. 361 (1913). ? Cellepora tubulosa, Busk. On re-examination of the fossil specimen from Curdies Creek, I find that the growth commences on the part 6pposite to the pit, it then grows over to the underside, in which the pit is situated, a mode of growth which we have seen occurs in Reuss’s Diplotaxis, so that when we are lovking at the pit it is at the completion not the beginning of the zoarium., A similar pit, though much smaller, has been described as the ‘ primordial Zelle? in Butopora and other genera (see page 80). Haswell deseribed the zoarium as subsperical, slightly depressed, with a circular pit at the upper pole, a description quite deseribing specimens from Queensland, which he kindly sent to me, as one side is somewhat flattened and thie pit is at the opposite pole ; but in some fossils * from Bates- ford or Muddy Creek the surface with the pit is the flatter, showing the zocecia directed to the pit (Pl. VI. fig. 1), and these are the best preserved of any specimens, recent or fossil, examined by me. In these the pit is 0°55 mm. in diameter, and from Perey Island the six specimens have pits 0°8 mm., 0-6 mm., 0°55 mm. In Batopora multiradiata, Rss., the pits are much smaller, being 0°25-0°27 mm. from Ferrara di Monte Baldo, Brendola, Montecchio Maggiore, and Val di Lonte ; a pit in Orbitulipora petiolus measures 0°36 mm. Batopora was described as with a single “‘ aufrecht stehende Zelle.” This so-called “ primordial Zelie” also in Sphero- phora stands out surrounded by a border, and is much larger than any of the zoecial openings, but we must now call it a pit and this is referred to on page 80. This reversal of the position of the zocecia, though not quite the same as now known in Conescharellina, yet reminds us of that genus. * “ Foss, Chil. Bry. from Muddy Creel,” Quart. Journ, Geol, Soe, yol, xxxix. p. 426 (1883), ' 90 Mr. A. W. Waters on It seems as though both in Spherophora and Batopora the zocecia have grown over the primary in all directions, and this we see in Orbitulipora excentrica, Seg. (see page 92), aud in O. petiolus. The ovicell of Spherophora is large, round, raised, and open in front. Referring to the two specimens from Batesford or Muddy Creek, it is well to recall the fact that Haswell mentions a form with a flat base without giving it a name. The fossil Celleporu serrata, MacG., also has a flat base and clearly belongs to Spherophora. a Loc. Holborn Island, Queensland (H.); Percy Island, Queensland, 11 fath., sent by Haswell; N.E. coast of Australia, sent by Brazier; South Australia (Maplesione). Fossil. Curdies Creek, S8.W. Victoria; Mt. Gambier; Aldinga and River Murray Cliff (all A. W. W.), Schnapper Point, Bird Rock, Corio Bay, Waurn Ponds (all MacG.), Cape Otway, Spring Creek, Muddy Creek, Shelford, Fyaus- ford, Mornington, Mitchell River (Maplestone). Orbitulipora excentrica, Seguenza. (Text-figs. 2,4, b,c.) Orbitulipora evcentrica, Seguenza, “ Le Formaz. Terz.,” Atti Reale Accad. dei Lincei, ser. 3, vol. vi. p. 130, pl. xil. figs. 22, 22a (1879); Neviani, ‘Bri. neog. delle Calabrie,” Pal. Ital. vol. vi. p. 188, pl. xvii. figs. 15, 16 (1900). Orlitulipora excentrica, var. flabellata, D’Ossat & Neviani, “Coral. e Bri. Neog. di Sardegna,” Boll. Soc. Geol. Ital. vol. xv. p. 18 ,1897). I had written a description of specimens from Mazzurega as O. excentrica, nov., before remembering that Seguenza had described a species with this specific name, which, although larger and with more zoccia than the Mazzurega fossils, is apparently the same species. Mine are about the same size as Neviani’s var. flabellata. ‘There are several specimens from material collected from Mazzurega, near Fumane in the Veronese, N. Italy, sent to me by Professor Parona. The age was considered Bartowian, but is now called Priabonian. The bilaminate depressed zoaria are sinall, about 2-38 mm. in diameter, with a stalk (as it has been called in O. petiolus), from which the zocecia spread out in fan-shaped form, more or less in rows. The stalk or pedicle is for attachment, as is the case with the pits of Batopore and Orbitulipore, and it sometimes gives a sub- triangular appearance to the zoarium. The zocecia are very distinct and rounded, as seen from above, and in the younger ones the aperture occurs about the centre of the apparentiy nearly round erect zoccia, Batopora and its Allies. 91 while in the larger older zoccia the aperture has a nearly straight proximal border, below which there is sometimes a large avicularian chamber. It is, however, as a rule, very difficult to see the shape of the oral aperture, so that, although outlined by the camera lucida, the restoration of some of the apertures has been necessary. This is very closely allied to O. petiolus, Lonsdale *, and he, Stoliczka +, Reuss {, Vine §, and Gregory ||, all show the central zocecia the smaller, and speak of the zocecia radiating from the centre of the zoarium ; also the text and figures indicate that it is depressed, which is not the case in the North SJtalian fossils, nor is it always so in the specimens of petiolus which I have examined. Various authors have referred to an ovicell in O. petiolus, but it is spoken of as Wie. 2. Crbitulipora excentrica, Seg. a> 12) 6. Longitudinal section. x 12. c. Transverse section near base. xX 25. proximal to the oral aperture, whereas it is distal and directed towards the centre of the disk. In my specimens of excentrica no ovicells are distinguished, though some zocecia have a large suboral avicularium. Horizontal sections of eacentrica are extremely interesting, as they show the primary very near to the stalk, referred to as the pit in Spherophora, Batupora, and Stichoporina. ‘The * Dixon’s ‘Geology of Sussex,’ p. 151, pl. i. fig. 10 (1850). + Olig. Bry. von Latdorf, p. 91, pl. iii. fig. 5 (1861). t Bry. d. deutschen Unterolig. p. 217, pl. i. figs. 1, 2 (1867). § Vine, “Notes on Brit. Eoc. Poly.,” Proc. York. Geol. Polytech. Soc. vol. xi. p. 164, pl. v. fig. 10 (1889). | “On the Brit. Paleog. Bry.,” Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol. xiii. pt. vi. p. 253, pl. xxxi, fig. 12 (1893). 92 Mr. A. W. Waters on round primary is surrounded by five zocecia, and then from these the ordinary zoccia grow, so that there are zocecia all round the primary, and I have already suggested that the first zocecium of Batopora was not very far from the pit, formerly mistaken for a ‘“ primordial cell.” The section, text-fig. 2, c, was made to show the central zoccia at right angles to text-fig. 2, 6, and the relationship of the zocecia on each side. Text-fig. 2, c, is magnified about twice as much as text-fig, 2, 6, and is from about the line a-a, text-fig. 2, «. A series of transverse sections are required to completely understand the growth, but this is not possible. There is in O. petiolus a pit to the younger zoaria, and as growth proceeds this is prolonged, so that in mature zoaria there is a tunnel from the centre to the large external pit, and this can in places be seen through the layers of zocecia covering it. Sections show this tube more clearly from the centre to the projection, and inside this tube fairly large pores occur in regular lines. Some of the specimens in the British Museum, marked Heteropora glandiformis, Gregory *, are young O. petiolus, and in one case a pit can be seen. Besides this there are one or two which, though worn, show signs of a base like that of Conescharellina canceliata, Busk (figure 22 ina paper now ready). The specimens, being mounted, could consequeutly not be examined all round, but in none was I able to distinguish Cyclostomatous characters. Reuss thought that the process of petiolus, subsequently called stalk, pedicle, or pit, had no connection with the structure of the zoarium, and was, only accidental, but we now see that it is the prolongation of the pit. O. petiolus, Lonsd., occurs from beds of about the same age as the Mazzurega deposit, having been found by Dixon from Bracklesham, by Stoliczka from Latdorf, by Reuss from the Lower Oligocene of Calbe and Biinde ; Vine says from Barton Bay ; Brackelsham ; Stubbington; Gregory besides these mentions Bramshaw and Brook; Vincent and Th. Lefevre + say it occurs in Belgium from the Bruxellian, Laekenien (Upper Eocene), Wemmelien and Tongrian (Oligo- cene), subsequently also referred to by Mourlon; Canu mentions it from the Bartonian of Var in the Paris basin. Loc. of excentrica. Tortonian (Seg.), Mioc. of Calabria * “British Paleogene Bryozoa,” Trans. Zool. Soc. vol. xiii. p. 261, pl. xxxii. fig. 11 (1893). + “Vaune Laek. sup. des Environs de Bruxelles,” Ann. Soc. Malae. de Belge, vol. vii. p. 29 (1872). ee ee ae er eee, eee ae eee Seem Batopora and its Allies. 93 and of Cadreas sopra Bonurra, Sardinia (Nev.); Mazurrega, Veronese (A. W. coll.). ‘The forms dealt with may be provisionally placed as follows. It is a group with erect, usually barrel-shaped zocecia :— I. With a pit towards which the zocecia are directed, 1867, Barovora, Rss.—Oral aperture small (0:09 mm.), nearly round, but examination shows straight lower edge. Bi-laminate. Primary zocecia hidden. Type, B. stoliczkat, Rss. (probably young of B. multi- radiata, Rss.). 186i. OrBrruLipora, Stoliczka.—Oral aperture large, with straight lower edge. Pit at the side. Bi-multilayered. Type, O. hardingeri, Stol. 1881. SeHaRrorHora, Haswell.—Oral aperture large (0:12 mm.), with straight lower edge. Grows in all directions from the early zocecia, Pit central. Multi-laminate. Type, S. fossa, Haswell. 1852. StrcHoOPORINA, Stoliczka.— Oral aperture small. Uni-laminate to bi-laminate? Pit central. Type, S. rezssz, Stol. II. Usually without a pit. 1873. Mamitiopora, Smitt*.—Oral aperture large (0:12 mm.), con- tracted at each side. Primary zocecium erect, surrounded by six similar zocecia. Only uni-laminate, showing the position of the zocecia on the under surface. Type, M. cupola, Sm. Tertiary fossils: M. simplex, Kosch., M. bidentata, Rss., M. protecta, Kosch. 1851. CoNESCHARELLINA, d’Orb.—Oral aperture very small, slight sinus, opercula with muscles some little distance from the border, semi- lunar slits. Cone uni-laminar, filled in by large chambers. (‘To be dealt with in the larger paper.) Type, C. angustata, VOrb. (A species fossil from N: Italy has large pores round the apex, and one near the centre is larger and might be called a pit.) EXPLANATION OF PLATE VI. Fig. 1. Spherophora fossa, Haswell, x 10. Surface with a large pit. The zoccia are shown directed towards the pit. From Bates- ford or Muddy Creek, fossil. Fig. 2. Ditto. X10. Section showing the pit. From Percy Island, recent. Fig. 3. Ditto. x 25. Section of the pit, showing the pores leading to the zocecia. From Percy Island. Fig. 4. Batopora multiradiata, Reuss., x 25. Section showing the pit and the zocecia in a second layer round the first. From near Novezzina, fossil. (a) x 2. Zoarium showing a cap formed by a second layer of zocecia, From Montecchio Maggiore. Fig. 5. Ditto. x about 10. Base showing two circles of zocecia, This is the only specimen showing two basal circles clearly. Fig. 6. Ditto. x 25. Showing the pit with smaller zocecia round it, as well as the ordinary zocecia. From Val di Lonte. * T have published a figure of the operculum of Fedora edwardsit, Jull., in “North Ital. Bry.,” Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xlvii. pl. iv. fig. 7; and Kirkpatrick has published one of WM. simplex, Kosch. Proe, R. Dublin Soe. n. s. vol. vi. pl. xvii. fig, 4 (1890). 94 Miss J. Stephens on new Fig. 7. Mamillopora bidentata, Reuss, x 25. Showing the primary zocecium and the six surrounding zocecia. From Bocca di Sciesa. Fig. 8. Conescharellina eocena, Neviani, x 10.. Section from Spiassi, N. Italy. Fig. 9. Batopora multiradiata, Rss., x 25. Showing ovicells. From Monitecehio Maggiore. Fg. 10. Ditto. x 10. Showing the formation of a second layer from the neighbourhood of the pit. Frm Val di Lonte. ago Ni. Mamillopor a bidentatu, Reuss, X 25. Showing ovicell. From Bocca di Sciesa. (a) zoarium, X 3. Eg. 12. Conescharellina eocena, Neviani, X 25. This figure is built up from various parts, as the preservation as a whole is not perfect. From Spiassi. VIIL—Two new ge Freshwater Sponges. = JANE Srepuens, B.A., B.Sc., National Museum of Ireland. SEVERAL years ago Dr. Annandale (5) drew attention to the somewhat oyster- like shells‘of the genus theria as affo-ding a favourable starting-place for the growth of freshwater sponges, not only on account of their roughened and often corrugated surface, but also owing to the fact that, like true oysters, their lower valve is firmly fixed to some solid support. Dr. Annandale stated that at least one species of freshwater sponge, Corvospongilla loricata (Weltner), had already heen described from an theria shell, when an examination of the shells belonging to this genus in ‘the collections of the Indian Museum led him to the discovery of two new species of sponges. He remarked that he had little doubt that other sponges would be brought to light if the #theria shells preserved in museums were carefully scrutinized. Following Annandale’s suggestion, the Mtheria shells in the collection of this museum were examined, with the result that two well-marked new species were discovered on one shell, and afew broken gemmules, too fragmentary to identify, on another. As is well known, the genus 4theria occurs only in Africe and in the north-west part of Madagascar. On the continent of Africa it is confined to the tropics, except that it descends the River Nile to the mouth. Many species have been described from time to time, but the researches of Drs. An- thony and Germain (6, p. 372) have shown that there is only one species—a very polymorphic one, namely Atheria ellip- tica, Lamarck. Two varieties are, however, recognized by these authors— AE. elliptica, var. typtca, Germain, a smooth African Freshwater Sponges. 95 form from streams and rivers, and 4, elliptica, var. tubifera, Sowerby, a spined form from standing water. The fine shell on which the two new species of sponges are growing is spined, and therefore belongs to the latter variety, so that we may conclude that the sponges lived in still water. ‘The locality of the shell is given merely as Benguela. Shells in the museum collection belonging to the genera Mulleria- and Bartlettia from South America, which with Aitheria comprise the family Adthertide, were examined also, but without any further sponges being fonnd, The following seven species of sponges have up to the present been described from specimens growing on Aiheria shells: —Spongilla sumatrana, Weber, vars. « and 8, Weltner ; S. etherie, Annandale; S. schubotz?, Weltner; Corvo- spongitia loricata (Weltner), C. mecramphidiscoides, Weltner ; C. scabrispiculis, Annandale; and Potamolepis stendelli, Jaffé. A specimen of Spongilla carter’, Bowerbank (fide Kirkpatrick), has also been found on one of these shells, Weltner (11), in a paper published in the year 1913, gives a complete list of the freshwater sponges known in Africa up tothattime. Twenty-four species and varicties are mentioned, Since then Dr. Annandale (5) has described two species and Jaffé (7) one species; these, with the two species now described, bring the total number of Atrican freshwater sponges known at the present time to twenty-nine species and varieties. Thus Africa already compares favourably as regards number of species with other parts of the world known to be rich in freshwater sponges, Spongilla (Huspongilla) mcrospiculata, sp. n. The sponge spreads in a fairly thick encrustation over about a third of the surface of the upper valve of an Atheria shell, and coats some of the spines to their summits. It is of a greyish-white colour in the dried state and is extremely hard tothe touch. The surface is raised up into small ridges and rather prominent spines. The skeleton is made up of very thick fibres, which con- sist of multiserially arranged spicules bound together by a considerable quantity of spongin. The main fibres run vertically upwards through the sponge, dividing from time to time, and their extremities project above the general surface of the sponge and form the spines just referred to. They are united by rather thinner fibres at right angles to them, which run only from one main fibre to the next and do not them- selves form continuous fibres. ‘he whole constitutes a dense firm network. 96 Miss J. Stephens on new The gemmules are numerous. They are spherical and occur singly towards the base of the sponge. They are about 0°55 mm. in diameter, Hach is surrounded by a thick coat of spongin. Outside this is a layer of gemmule- spicules, lying two or three deep and densely packed together, The majority are arranged more or less tangentially, but some are placed nearly vertically and project, giving the Fig. 1. age | Oo i \ | | ' {+ | ga a \ bck % Ss 4 a ‘cL Spongilla (Euspongilla) macrospiculata, sp. n. a, oxea, X 330; b, gemmule-spicules, x 600. surface of the gemmules a shagey appearance when seen under a low power of the microscope. ‘Tle foramen is set on a very low tubule, which penetrates the layer of spicules, so that the opening is on a level with the general surface of the gemimule. A few gemmules, either singly or in groups, are African Freshwater Sponges. 97 scattered over parts of the shell now free from the sponge, They are firmly attached to the shell and rest on a dense mass of gemmule-spicules, Spicules—The macroscleres are slightly curved, stout, smooth oxea, tapering abruptly at each end to a small sharp point into which the axial canal extends. The spicules are slightly swollen at the ends, and sometimes there is a faintly marked swelling at the centre of the shaft. There are not many abnormal forms present, but some of the spicules are irregularly bent and occasionally one end is rounded off. More rarely both ends are rounded. The macroscleres measure 0:275-0°335 mm. in length and have a thickness of 0°02-0:027 mm. They resemble in some degree the more pointed macroscleres of Spongilla crassissima, Annandale, var. crassior, Annandale, but they are more swollen at the ends and are somewhat longer and thicker. There are no free microscleres present in the sponge. The gemmule-spicules are short, thick strongyla provided with strong spines. Some of the spicules, especially the shorter ones, are swollen in the middle, so that they are barrel-shaped ; others are nearly spherical, but still beara few spines. The spines are grouped at either end of the strongyla, leaving the centre of the shaft smooth, but often a few scattered spines occur along the shaft. ‘The spines are stout ; typically they are strongly curved towards the centre of the shaft and end in a sharp point; but many of them are stout, straight, knob-like projections. The spicules measure from 0°035-0°1 mm. in length and have a thickness of 0°012- 0016 mm. Some of the short inflated ones are as much as 0-021 mm. in diameter. Locality. Benguela; on a shell of Atheria elliptica, var. tubifera. Spongilla (Stratospongilla) benguelensis, sp. n. Tie sponge occurs in a number of very small patches towards the edges of the lower valve of the itherva shell on which the previously described species is growing. ‘There are the remains of various other patches of the sponge also on the lower valve in the region of the hinge and one or two minute specimens on the upper valve. These patches of sponge are very inconspicuous, as they run chiefly in the furrows of the shell; in the dried state they are soft to the touch and their surface is even. Scattered over parts of the lower valve of the shell are quite a number of gemmules belonging to this species. Hach gemmule is firmly fixed to Ann. d& Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. iii. r; 98 Miss J. Stephens on new the shell by means of the spongin which binds together the cage of macroscleres in which it is enclosed. The skeleton, as far as can be seen, is a rather close net- work of spicules. The spongin could not be made out, and it must be very scanty in quantity, as the spicules at once fall apart when a small specimen is sectioned by hand. iene 2. ee. SS LP ons, Se ay SH ry wantin Spongilla (Stratospongilla) benguelensis, sp. 1. a, strongyla, X 830; b, developing strongyla, x 380; c, microxea, x 600; d, gemmule-spicules, X 600; e, gemmule freed from its cage of macroscleres, X 60, The gemmules, as already stated, are firmly fixed to the shell by means of the spongin binding the cage of macro- scleres which encloses each gemmule. These macroscleres lie tangentially to the surface of the gemmule, they are strongly bound together by spongin, and adhere closely to each other, unlike the rest of the skeleton. ‘he gemmule rests on the floor of the cage, and, at least in the dried state, there is a consideiable space between the sides and roof of the cage and the gemmule. Similar cages of macroscleres have been described in other species—for example, in Spongilla etheria, Annandale, Corvosporgilla burmanica (Kirk- patrick), Corvospongilla lapidosa (Annandale), and Corvo- spongilla scabrispiculis, Annandale. ‘The gemmules them- selves are spherical and are about 0°33-0°42 mm. in diameter. an < hemi alt Sofa Te African Freshwater Sponges. 99 Each is enclosed in a thick coat of spongin. ‘he gemmule- spicules lie tangentially to the surface, and are embedded in this coat. The spicules are fairly numerous, but are not closely packed together as in the allied species S. zndica, Annandale, S. sumatrana, Weber, and S. bombayensis, Carter. There is a short foraminal tubule which lies rather to one side of the gemmule in its natural position. Spicules.—The macroscleres are slightly curved, uniformly microspined strongyla. The ends are a little swollen and there is often a slight swelling in+the centre of the shaft. The strongyla measure 0°13-0°17 mm, in length by 0°01- 0015 mm, Among them are scattered a few slender smooth oxea with a well-marked swelling in the centre of the shaft. These are nearly the same length as the preceding spicules, and are apparently young forms of the macroscleres, as they lead on to thicker spicules which are obviously developing macroscleres and which are nearly cylindrical, but some of which still retain rather pointed ends. The free microscleres are slightly curved, sharply pointed, microspined oxea measuring 0:06-0:09 mm. in length by 0:0025 mm. Some have a very feeble swelling at the centre of the shaft. The gemmule-spicules are small, curved, sausage-shaped spicules uniformly covered with minute spines. Sometimes the ends are pointed instead of being rounded off as is usually the case. There is often a slight swelling in the centre of the shaft. The spicules measure 0:035—-0:06 mm. in length, with a maximum diameter of 0°003 mm. Locality. Benguela; on a shell of Atherta elliptica, var. tubifera. The subgenus Stratospongilla, Annandale (1), to which the foregoing species belongs, is chiefly tropical in its distribution (4). At the present day it is known to be represented in India by three species—S. bombayensis, Carter, S. indiea, Annandale, and 8. graveleyi, Annandale; it oceurs in Su- matra—8. sumatrana, Weber ; in tropical and South Africa — 8. rousseleti, Kirkpatrick, S. schubotzi, Weltner, varieties of S. sumatrana, Weber, and S. bombayensis, Carter ; in the Fiji Islands—S. gilsoni?, Topsent ; and in Wastern China— S. sinensis, Annandale. One species—S. clementis, Annan- dale—from the Philippines is doubtfully assigned to the subgenus, and S. navicella, Carter, from the River Amazon, appears to be an allied form. Of the foregoing species the following are most nearly related to Spongilla benguelensis, sp. n.:—S. bombayensis, f| 100 On new African Freshwater Sponges. S. indica, S. graveleyt, and S. sumatrana. All these possess microspined macroscleres, spined microxea, and strongylous gemmule-spicules. Apart from other characters, all these, except S. indica, are clearly marked off from the new species by the possession of oxea as macroscleres. 8S. indica, like S. benguelensis, sp. n., possesses stronglya as macroscleres, but is separated from it by yarious differences in the size and character of the spicules, and particularly by the structure of the gemmules, which in S. indica are fixed to the substratum by their outer chitinous membrane and are not enclosed in cages of macroscleres. A sponge belonging to another genus—namely, Corvo- spongilla micramphidiscoides, Weltner—has a very similar spiculation, but with the addition of free amphidiscs, the possession of which characterizes the genus. REFERENCES. ANNANDALE, N. (1) Freshwater Sponges in “ Beitrige zur Kenntnis der Fauna von Suid-Afrika,” Zoolog. Jahrb. (Syst.), Bd. xxvii. (1909). (2) “Freshwater Sponges in the Collection of the United States National Museum,” Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxxvi. (1909) and xxxvili. (1910). (3) “The Fauna of British India—Freshwater Sponges, Hydroids, and Polyzoa” (1911). (4) ‘The Freshwater Sponges of the Malabar Zone,” Rec. Ind. Mus. vii. (1912). (yt aoe on Freshwater Sponges.—XV.,” Rec. Ind. Mus, ix. (1913). ANTHONY, Rh. (6) ‘‘Etude monographique des Atheriide,” Ann. Soc. roy. zool. et pernlaoine: de Belgique, xli. 1906 (1907). JAFFE, G. (7) ere! oe aus dem Tanganjikasee,” Zool. Anz, xlviii. (1916). KIRKPATRICK, R. (8) “Report on the Porifera, with Notes on Species from the Nile and Zambesi.” Zool. Results of the Third Tanganyika Exp. Proc. Zool. Soc. London (1906). ToprsEntT, E. (9) “ Description de Spongilla (Stratospongilla) gilsont, n. sp.,” Ann. de Biologie lacustre, v. (1912). WEBER, M. (10) “Spongillidee des Indischen Archipels,’ Zool. Ergeb. einer Reise Niederl. Ost-Indien, i. (1890). WELTNER, W. (17) ‘Stsswasserschimme,” Wissenschaft. Ergeb. der Deutschen Zentral-A frika Expedition, 1907-1908, Bd. iy. (1918). | External Characters of Ruminant Artiodactyla. 101 IX.—On some External Characters of Ruminant Artio- dactyla.—Part VII. Domesticated Cattle (Bos taurus an Beindicus);*. By R. 1. Pocock, F.R.S. I. INTRODUCTION. The question of the origin of domesticated cattle has an extensive literature. The latest volume on the subject known to me was published in 1912 by the late Mr. Lydekker and entitled ‘ The Ox and its Kindred.’ In this the views of previous writers are collated and analyzed, and accepted or rejected as the case may be, the general conclusions arrived at being apparently the following :— 1. Domesticated cattle are descended from two distinct species, one of which (B. taurus) is represented in its purest form at the present time by Pembroke, Kerry, West Highland, and British Park breeds, the other (B. indicus) by the breeds of zebus or humped cattle of India and elsewhere. 2. The extinct aurochs (B. primigenius) was the ancestor of B, taurus. 3. The existing banteng (B. banteng) was the ancestor of B.indicus,atheory originally propounded by Riitimeyer in 1878 and supported by Keller in 1902 +. 4, The existence in the southern and some other countries of Europe of cattle partaking of the characters of B. taurus and B. indicus is due to the introduction of * The substance of this paper was drafted in 1912 in the form of a review when Mr. Lydekker’s volume, ‘The Ox andits Kindred,’ first came into my hands; but its publication was delayed for a variety of reasons, including my own occupation with other work and my friend’s subse- quent illness and death. Resumption of work upon the Ruminantia in- duced me to take up the paper again and cast it in its present form. Although compelled to criticise some inconsistent arguments and theories and dispute a few statements of fact it contains, I must disclaim all intention of disparaging this volume as a whole. It is a valuable compi- lation, containing in a handy form most of the information about cattle, useful to zoologists and laymen, that could be compressed into the allotted space. + It is singular that Mr. Lydekker omits all reference to B. indicus in his ‘ Catalogue of Ungulate Mammals,’ published in 1913. According to his views this form should have found a place under the subgenus Bedos, Perhaps the reason for its omission is that it possesses none of the cha- racters of that group. It may be noted that if the opinion of the descent of indicus from banteng be true, indicus differs not merely specifically, but subgenerically, according to Lydekker, from taurus, 102 Mr. R. I. Pocock on some the latter into Hurope and its subsequent interbreeding with the former. Proposition 2 may pass as probably true*. Proposition 3 appears to me to be equally probably untrue ; while propo- sitions 1 and 4 are open to dispute in the sense that they are founded on facts susceptible of other interpretations. Il. THE BANTENG-DESCENT OF THE ZEBUS. Criticising this theory first of all from the ethnological, and admittedly therefore from a purely theoretical, standpoint, it appears to me improbable that a species domesticated by the Javanese belonging to the Malay stock of the Mongolian race of man was the ancestral form of the cattle of the people of India who belong to a different race. More likely does it seem that the ancestors of modern humped cattle were brought to India by invaders entering the country by way of the Punjab and Sind, unless an autochthonous species, now extinct as a wild animal, was found ready to hand for the purpose in India itself. There are reasons for believing that the humped cattle have been a domesticated type for a very long time, certainly fora few thousand years B.C. So far as I am aware, there is no evidence, one way or the other, of the antiquity of the banteng as a domesticated animal; but if Riitimeyer’s theory, sup- ported by Keller and Lydekker, that the banteng was the ancestor of the zebu be true, its domestication must be assigned toa much earlier date to account for the acquisition of tlie distinctive peculiarities of the zebu. Yet, if this be so, it is surely strange that the domesticated banteng of Java and Bali differs in no important points from wild members of the species, still found in Java and Further India. This fact appears to me to be strongly suggestive of the conclusion that the domestication of the banteng has been of comparatively * This appears to be Prof. Ewart’s opinion (P. Z. 8. 1911, i. p. 281). In coneluding his study of the skulls of Roman cattle obtained at New- stead, he wrote :—‘‘ Hence it may be said that up to at least the Bronze Age the majority of the domestic cattle of Europe were the descendants ot Bos primigentus—some being nearly pure descendants of the imported ‘Celtic’ shorthorn breed, while others were pure or nearly pure descen- dants of the indigenous wild urus (Bos taurus primigenius).” But since he assumes it to be probable that the ‘ Celtic” shorthorn was itself a domesticated dwarfed descendant of an Asiatic variety of Bos primigenius, there is clearly only one wild species invclved in the ancestry. The evidence which excludes other breeds of cattle from this genealogy does not appeal to me as at all convincing. External Characters of Ruminant Artiodactyla. 103 short duration. It may not indeed date back beyond the Dutch occupation of Java in the seventeeth century. In the second place, the theory seems to me to be inade- quately supported on the zoological side. Judging from the banteng I have seen, I should say there is nothing distinctly zebu-like about them except the sloping croup and the sexual dimorphism in colour. Apart from these characters, which I suspect are primitive in the Bovine (cf infra, p. 108), banteng exhibit no noticeable resemblances to zebus, except such as are shared by many European cattle above suspicion of zebu blood in their veins. Banteng, indeed, are remarkably “ taurine” in style apart from their white stockings, white rumps, elevated withers, and the roughness of the naked skin of the inter- cornual area in adnit bulls. And these characters, be it noted, also differentiate them from zebus, which, in my expe- rience of many individuals of the best-defined breeds, never show a trace of them. This is not what one would expect if the theory of the relationship between the two types were sound. Mr. Lydekker certainly suggests that the white fetlock-rings seen in some zebus may be the remains of the white stockings in the banteng; but whatever be the value of this suggestion, it is discounted in the question at issue by the presence of this ring in some English park cattle claimed to be of pure aurochs descent. Mr. Lydekker also attempts to explain the hump so charac- teristic of zebus as the concentrated remains of the tissue covering in the banteng the high spinous processes of the thoracic vertebrae, suggesting that it was left behind, so to speak, when according to the theory these bony processes became reduced during the evolution of the zebu from that species. I do not think this theory of the origin of the hump need be discussed until the supposition upon which it rests, that the vertebree in question have been shortened, is supported by more evidence than is at present forthcoming. For myself, I should be inclined to compare the hump of the zebu to the accumulation of tissue which may be seen just in front of the withers in many well-fed European bulls (see, for example, pl. xiii. of Mr. Lydekker’s volume), and which was quite perceptible in a bull banteng recently exhibited in the Zoological Gardens. However that may be, it cannot in my opinion be seriously claimed that the hump of the zebu and the elevated dorsal crest of the banteng are evidence of. affinity between the two. The external appearance ‘of the animals, in short, affords no support to the view that the banteng is the ancestor of the zebu. It may be recalled that the difference in voice between 104 Mr. R. I. Pocock on some B. indicus and B. taurus las been frequently advanced as evidence of their specific distinctness. ‘lo this I shall refer later (p. 109). If there is any truth in the claim, the argu- ment disposes of the theory of the banteng descent of the zebu. The voice of the zebu I have described below. It differs considerably from that of the banteng, which I have heard described as a roar or bellow. Perhaps Blanford’s phraseology applied to the voice of the gaur will convey as good an idea of it asany. He said it is “a prolonged call, not very unlike the lowing of Bos taurus, but utterly unlike that of B. indicus.” Blanford, however, seems to have been unacquainted with the true call of the zebu (¢f. injra, p. 109). In my opinion, the voice of the zebu differs at least as muchi from the voice of the banteng as it does from that of B. taurus ; but for reasons given below I do not think this necessarily disproves the theory of the descent of the zebu from the banteng. The evidence derived by Riitimeyer from the form of the skull in the banteng and zebu is rendered, in my opinion, untrustworthy by the extraordinary variability of the skull in domesticated cattle. In any case, the cranial resemblances between the two are not close, as a comparison between Ly- dekker’s figure of the skull of a bull Gujrati zebu (published on pl. xx. of his volume on the Ox) with his figures of the skulls of the Javan and Bornean banteng (published on pp. 24 &26 of his ‘Catalogue of Ungulates’ in 1913) will show. The banteng-skulls, indeed, have a relatively longer forehead and shorter face, and thus approximate to the typical taurine type. Nevertheless, the skull is so plastic that I should hesitate to take it as a reliable guide to affinity, one way or the other, where domesticated animals are concerned (cf. infra, p. 106). One other point may be referred to. In both the gayal and the banteng, representing two distinet species of the Bibos group of cattle, the urethral canal of the penis ends in a small pointed process, free from the swollen terni#*afion of the glans. In the zebu there is no such process, the urethral canal terminating, as in typical Bos, on the underside of the swollen end of the glans (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (9) ii. pp. 451, 454-455, 1918). III. THE CHARACTERS OF Bos rvprcvs AND Bos ravrvs. The principal differences between an average Indian zebu and an average British. or Spanish fighting bull are well known. The zebu has a hump of fleshy and fatty tissue on External Characters of Ruminant Artiodactyla. 105 the front of the withers, a more sloping croup, a heavier dewlap, a longer narrower skull with relatively shorter frontal and longer nasal maxillary region, and horns which are more upright in direction of growth. ‘The Huropean animal, on the contrary, has no hump, the plane of the croup is in a line with the back, the dewlap is shallower, the skull shorter but with its frontal portion relatively longer, and the horns are more horizontal in direction of growth. ‘lhe voices of the two also are different, but not so different as literature would lead one to suppose. Habits and constitution supply further differences. If there were no other types of domesticated cattle in existence there would be grounds for the opinion of Blyth and others as to the specific distinctness of the two types. But when the differences are analyzed they appear to me to lose much of their weight. Even amongst undoubted Indian zebus there is immense variation in most of the characters mentioned, the hump alone, so far as I am aware, forming an exception. The characters may be considered in order :— Horns.—Ot the horns of the zebu Lydekker (pp. 182-133) wrote :—‘ The horns of all humped cattle—both Indian and African—differ from those of the aurochs and the related types of European domesticated cattle by their distinctly lyrate shape, the first main curve having the convexity in front instead of behind. Their tendency is also to grow upwards and backwards rather than forwards.” This state- ment is untrue. In the first place, the horns of Heberstein’s aurochs (pl. iii.) are very like those of the Gujrati zebu (pl. xx.) in direction and curvature. In the second place, the horns of zebus are so variable that it is impossible to affirm anything definite with regard to them. From the type above described by Lydekker from the Gujrati breed the horns may deviate by taking a horizontal direction sideways or a horizontal and forward curvature or a downward inclina- tion. Most curious of all is the type seen in the Mysore breed, here the horns arise close together on the top of the head and recede backwards and upwards, the whole of the anterior surface being concave. In the calf, indeed, they begin as erect buds, not as lateral horizontal buds as in the Gujrati. With regard to the question at issue, the point to be noticed is that the Mysore zebu differs more from the short-horned zebu in the position and curvature of the horns than the short-horned zebu differs from short-horned British cattle. Yet no one supposes these zebus to be other than domesticated breeds of one and the same species. In European cattle, even setting aside for the moment 106 Mr. R. I. Pocock on some those breeds claimed to be of partial zebu descent from the shape of their horns, great variation in these appendages 1s met with. In any considerable herd of “shorthorns” the horns may be elevated, depressed, or horizontal; and in closely related breeds like the Chartley and Chillingham park cattle the horns differ greatly, being long and down- turned in the Chartley and shorter and upturned in the Chillingham (see Lydekker, pl. iv.). Yet in spite of these differences the one breed, I take it, has as much claim as the other to be regarded as a pure-bred representative of DB. taurus. Apart from the qualification, I entirely agree with Prof. Ewart’s dictum (P. Z. 8. 1911, pl. i. p. 272) :-—** Except when they curve forwards at right angles to the frontals, as in typical Celtic shorthorns, the horns assist but little in settling the race to which the Newstead skulls belong.” I am not, however, sure whether the term “race” is used in this connection to signify artificially formed “breeds” or natural “ species” or “ subspecies.” Skull.—As stated above, the skulls of typical zebus differ from the skulls of European cattle of assumed purity of descent from the aurochs in having the frontal region of the skull shorter and the naso-maxillary region longer, coupled with orbits which are less prominent. . Although importance has been attached to these points in the attempt to prove specific diversity between the two types, it is surely a matter of common knowledge that, in some domesticated mammals at least, no part of the skeleton is so plastic and subject to such profound variation in structure as the skull. Tus is well shown in dogs and almost equally well in cattle. One instance only need be cited in support of this statement. Speaking of the Niata or Nata breed of La Plata, Darwin remarked that ‘on comparison with the skull of a common ox, scarcely a single bone [of the skull] presents the same exact shape, and the whole skull has a wonderfully different appearaice.” It is necdless to mention all the peculiarities described by Darwin and Owen, the most remarkable being the upward curvature of the jaws, the short broad forehead, the extremely abbreviated nasal bones, and the union between the premaxille and the lacrymals. These cattle breed true to type, and the interesting thing about them is that the breed must have originated since 1552, when catt'e were first introduced into South America. Here, then, we have a clear case of the formation from ordinary European cattle of a type differing from them most profoundly in the structure of the skull. With this proof of the potential variability of the bones of the cranium in European cattle before us, what External Characters of Ruminant Artiodactyla. 107 justification have we for assuming that the comparatively slight differences between the skulls of European cattle and lumped cattle indicate initial specific distinctness between these two? Obviously very little. The unsatisfactory nature of the evidence supplied by skulls and horns, is attested by the variety of opinions held by authors who have attempted to solve the difficult question of the origins of domesticated breeds of cattle, by relying largely on characters furnished by the cranium and _ its appendages. Dewlap.—The dewlap in zebus is often heavier and deeper and sometimes rises nearer the ehin* than in Huropean cattle believed to be of unmixed aurochs descent. I cannot satisfy myself as to the precise value attached to this feature by Lydekker. He quotes it as characteristic of zebu, when contrasting them with the European breeds of the aforesaid type, and more than once cites it as evidence of zebu blood in those European breeds that reproduce the character. But a precisely similar difference in the development of the dewlap exists between the domesticated gayal and the wild gaur ; yet in this case (pp. 149 & 177) Lydekker uses this difference to support the view that the gayal is nothing but a domesticated race of the gaur, and ascribes the larger size of the dewlap in the former to the effect of domestication, adding “ the exces- sive development of the dewlap in the humped cattle of India is perhaps also the result of domestication.” I quite agree with this view, but it clearly disposes of the claim that the larger size of the dewlap in zebus is evidence of their specific distinctness from pure-bred Kuropean cattle. Ears.—Blyth stated that the ears of B. indicus differ from those of B. tavrus in shape, being more pointed. In a general way this is perhaps true; but no zebu that I have seen has ears approaching in apical attenuation those of the Hungarian cow depicted by Lydekker on pl. xv. Even amongst zebus themselves the ears differ so much in size and shape, as may be seen by comparing those of the Gujrati and Mysore breeds (pl. xvii.), that no reliance can be placed on these organs as evidence of specific distinctness between zebus and normal European cattle. Croup.—Although zebus typically have a sloping croup, and never, within my experience, a horizontal croup like that of European cattle, nevertheless the differences between zebus * Many of Lydekker’s figures illustrating breeds of European cattle show the anterior lobe of the dewlap in the interramal area behind the chin, as in zebus. 108 Mr. R. I.-Pocock on some in this particular is very great, as is shown by the Mysore and Gujrati breeds represented on pl. xvil. The Gujrati zebu, indeed, has a croup very sensibly approaching that of European cattle in its elevation. Colour.—One or two colour-characters are mentioned by Lydekker as evidence of specific distinctness between B, taurus and B. indicus. He speaks of white rings round the eyes and fetlocks as characteristic of the zebu. But since such typical examples of B. taurus as park cattle by no means infrequently have white rings round the fetlocks, and since the hair round the eyes in Jerseys, which are beyond suspicion of zebu blood, should, as Lydekker says (p. 115), be cream-coloured or greyish, it is quite clear that no value can be attached to these points. Again, the presence of a light spinal stripe in Kerry cattle (p. 95) in the Craven breed of longhorns (p. 84) and in Castilian bulls (p. 132) is quoted as certain evidence of aurochs descent. Very likely that is the case. But a white spinal stripe is not uncommonly present in pure-bred zebus. Hence if this character has the signifi- cance claimed for it by Lydekker, it is evidence of consan- guinity between B. taurus and B. indicus. Finally, in the tendency exhibited by bull banteng to become black, and thus depart from the rufous tint of cows and young bulls, Lydekker sees the origin of the sexual difference in colour between some breeds of zebu, the cows of which are whitish while the bulls are blackish or iron-grey *. But traditional information about the aurochs suggests that that species also was sexually dimorphic in colour. One aurochs indeed was recorded as grey—presumably, that is to say, zebu-like. Hence the colour-difference between the sexes of zebus cannot be claimed with assurance as a banteng character, So far as it goes, indeed, it suggests closer affinity between the zebus and the aurochs than between the latter and typical breeds of Bos taurus, in which the sexes are, I believe, alike. Bat I am not prepared to lay any great stress upon this point, because, as stated above, I suspect sexual dimorphism of colour in cattle to be a primitive character inherited from a T'ragelaphine ancestor t. How- * Bull calves of the Mysore and Gujrati breeds begin to darken in the first year. + Lydekker (pp. 32-33 & 253) appears to have been attracted by Prof, Linnberg’s view that cattle are closely related to the gnus (Conno- chetes). He adds, however, that although the direct ancestry of the ox tribe is still unknown, the earliest representatives of the group are related to the buffaloes, which constitute in some respects the most primitive of External Characters of Ruminant Artiodactyla. 109 ever that may be, it may be claimed that the coloration of zebus and European cattle affords no support to the view that they belong to distinct species. Votce.—Blyth and those who have copied him attach great importance to the voice asa criterion of distinct specific origin between B. indicus and B. taurus. He and Blanford described the voice of the former as a grunt utterly unlike the “lowing ” or bellowing of Kuropean domesticated cattle. This is only half the truth. Zebus, on the whole, are silent animals, but now and again they utter an abbreviated or prolonged grunt recalling that of a yak or American bison. But they also call with a loud voice which may be perhaps described as somewhat intermediate between the “ moo’? of an ordinary cow and the hoarse “baa” of a sheep. The sound is distinguishable from that of a cow or bull of British cattle, but I have heard a zebu calf, fretting for its mother, call her with a voice very like that of an English “ shorthorn” calf. The voice is certainly a criterion of kinship in wild animals ; but to what extent it is to be trusted in domesticated forms appears to me to be doubtful. It is admitted, I take it, that domesticated fowls are the unmixed descendants of the Bankiva jungle-fowl (Gallus gallus). Nevertheless, the crow of the latter is generally, within my experience, distinguish- able from that of the former, though unmistakably like it: and different breeds of domesticated fowls often differ to a certain extent in voice, thus attesting the variability, though limited, of this character. Domesticated dogs, too, differ from wolves in having added the bark to the howling voice common to both ; yet the wolf or the jackal—it matters not which in the present connection—is usually accepted as the the living forms and are those whose horns come nearest in shape to those of gnus. This author’s reliance on the shapes of horns as tests of affinity led him into few more unintelligible errors than this, excepting only his employment of the curvature of the horns, a manifestly useless character for the purpose, as a basis for the classification of the Bovidee in his ‘ Catalogue of Ungulates.’ With all respect to Prof. Lonnberg, I am quite sure that his opinion about Connochetes and Bos is unsound. The anatomical evidence that gnus are specialized hartebeests (Lubalis) and that the cattle are specialized Tragelaphines appears to me to be con- clusive. The view that close affinity between the Bovines and Tragela- phines, attested more particularly by the Anoa, the primitive Asiatic buffalo, is quite in keeping with Lydekker’s above-quoted statement that the earliest representatives of the ox-tribe are related to the buffaloes, which in some respects are the most primitive of living forms of Boyinz. 110 Mr. R. I. Pocock on some wild prototype of the dog. Moreover, pure-bred dingoes and some Eskimo dogs, [am told, never bark. But no one believes them on that account to be specifically distinct from dogs which habitually bark. For these reasons I do not think the differences between the voices of B. indicus and B. taurus can be held as proof of specific difference between them, and the same concession must be made in the case of the claim of the banteng descent of B. indicus. Habits —Blyth pointed out that humped cattle in India differ from ordinary European cattle in that they never seek shade and never go into water and stand there knee-deep. Lydekker (p. 150) quotes this passage in his endorsement of Blyth’s opinion that the zebu is of different specific descent from European cattle; but his acceptance of the theory that zebu are domesticated forms of the banteng involves the con- clusion that an equally great change in habits has taken place, the banteng being a forest-dweller like its ally the gaur. Moreover, when discussing (p. 89) Professor Hughes’s denial that British park cattle were derived from an ancestor which dwelt in forests, he admits that the habits of domesti- cated cattle have varied to some extent from those of their wild ancestors. This admission is founded on the known habit of park cattle of lying out in the open during periods of repose, coupled with the assumption that the aurochs (B. primigenius) resembled the gaur in seeking shade. Although the truth of this assumption cannot, in my opinion, be eranted, considering that the gaur is a tropical Indian species, whereas the aurochs inhabited temperate latitudes in Europe and Asia, Lydekker’s opinion that a change of habit has taken place in park cattle deprives of its value his support of Blyth’s claim that the further change in the ease of the zebu is evidence of specific difference of origin *. The zebu’s avoidance of water may perhaps be explained, without reference to specific ancestral traits, by its being originally, at all events, a breed raised for survival in hot desert countries where water was periodically scarce, and where in times of drought and shortage of food the hump was useful for the sustenance it supplied. In specimens kept on * An interesting case attesting variation in habits and instincts of park cattle was reported to me some years ago. The Zoological Society _ sent a bull and a cow of a mixed Vaynol and Chartley breed to Calcutta. The bull soon died from exposure to the sun, disregarding the shade of a tree in the enclosure. The cow, having the instinct to avail herself of the shelter, survived. External Characters of Ruminant Artiodactyla. 111 short rations the hump soon begins to dwindle and sag like that of a camel. Prof. Ewart has, I believe, suggested a similar explanation for the accumulations of fat on the rump and tail of some breeds of domesticated sheep. The constitutional difference between zebus and British cattle, shown by the capacity of the former to withstand the climatic and other conditions even of Brazil and Jamaica, to which British cattle succumb, is precisely what one would expect in the case of two breeds adapted for generations to such widely different physical conditions as are supplied, on the one hand, by tropical India, and, on the other, by temperate Hurope. Blyth maintained that zebus differ from European cattle in their habitual method of carrying the head when at rest. This is quite true of some breeds ; Gujrati zebus, for example, hold the head somewhat elevated and not in a line with the spine in the attitude characteristic of Bos taurus, The splendid appearance of this breed of zebus, indeed, is due to that circumstance, and, when they are startled, to the alert stag-like lift of the head so different from the slouching carriage observable in éther cattle. But Blyth’s claim does not apply to all breeds. Mysore zebus, for instance, stand with the head depressed very much as in ordinary cattle. These differences between the two breeds of zebus are well illustrated on pl. xvil. of Lydekker’s book, showing a Mysore cow in repose and a Gujrati bull standing at attention. So far, then, as habits are concerned, there appear to me to be no difficulties in the way of believing in the common origin of B. taurus and B. indicus. lV. EvuROPEAN AND I.GYPTIAN CATTLE OF SUPPOSED ZEBU DESCENT. Most writers who have written on the subject find evidence of zebu blood in many breeds of cattle of Southern and Central Europe, the character of the horns forming the principal criterion. This claim may be peifectly true, but the testimony produced in its support is by no means con- vincing. ‘Take, for example, the Transylvanian bull illus- trated on pl. i. of Lydekker’s book. This beast has the long body, straight back, high croup, long forehead covered with curly hair, short naso-maxillary region in the skull, and short thick legs wrapt up in one’s conception of British shorthorns and park bulls. A comparison between the figure Li2 Mr. R. I. Pocock on some in question and that of the Vaynol bull on pl. v. bears out this contention. The dewlap of the Transylvanian bull is a little deeper, it is true, but it is not appreciably deeper than in the Swiss and Simmenthal bulls, without claim to zebu blood, depicted on pl. xiii. The only striking difference between the Vaynol and the Transylvanian bulls lies in the horns, which in the latter are much longer and extend at first horizontally outwards and then upwards; but they are not like the horns of any Indian zebu I have seen, and differ no more, perhaps less, from the upturned horns of the Chillingham breed than the latter differ from the downturned horns of the Chartley breed shown on pl. iv. Hence it appears to me that the evidence of zebu blood in the Tran- sylvanian bull is quite untrustworthy ; and if the head of this animal be compared with the skull of the Spanish draught ox (pl. xiv.), another breed of assumed zebu descent, it will be evident that, so far as the head and horns are concerned, the two breeds are very much alike. ‘The assumption that the Spanish draught cattle are wholly or partly zebus, in which the hump has been eliminated by selective breeding or crossing, seems to me inadequately supported by the facts. The same theory has been put forward to explain the zebu descent of some of the humpless cattle of ancient Egypt, and to illustrate the characters of these cattle Lydekker reproduces two figures from Egyptian monuments—one (p. 135) showing four cows, the other a bull (pl. xvi.),—which in general style resemble the Transylvanian bull aforesaid, and are believed by Diirst and Lydekker to belong to the same stock and to have been introduced into Spain. That the Egyptian cattle belong to the same stock as the Spanish may be admitted, on the evidence, as probable, and that they were introduced into Spain as possible ; but since they have the long bodies, humpless withers, high croup, and shallow dewlap of typical examples of Bos taurus, the claim that they are zebus with the hump artificially suppressed is surely unwarranted. At all events, the identification of these cattle must be admitted to bea matter of doubt. If they are not zebus, as I maintain, what becomes of the theory that their supposed introduction into Spain by the Moors or other invaders supplies the explanation of the alleged zebu blood in Spanish draught cattle? I find similar difficulties in agreeing with Lydekker’s determination of the Nineveh bull, depicted on p. 64, which le says appears to be an aurochs despite the absence of the mane and the excessive length of the tail. The animal, External Characters of Ruminant A rtiodactyla. 113 however, has a collar on the neck suspiciously suggestive of domestication. It may be noticed, too, that the elevated earriage of the head recalls that of the Gujrat: zebu shown on pl. xvii. Lydekker also remarks, in connection with this supposed aurochs, that it is “quite unlike the figure of tie ancient Assyrian humped ox” reproduced on p. 140 of his book. Of these he wrote :—* In the contour of the neck and shoulders, as well as in the direction of the horus, the repre- sentations of these humped cattle differ widely from those apparently representing the aurochs (p. 64). ‘hat these long-horued cattle did not come from Heypt is demonstrated by the presence of the well-developed hump, but the horus are of the Keyptian type.” I cannot in any way reconcile these statements with the facts. he figure shows a pair of heavily built, short-bodied, long-legged oxen, with high carriage of the head. The animal in the foreground is polled, and has avery poorly, not a well- developed hump. [t might pass for a polled zebu with an Incipient hamp, although the dewlap is absent, instead of being well grown as it is in that breed. The animal in the background, mostly hidden by its companion, has stout horns of medium length, which, instead of resembling, as alleged, those of the igyptian cattle in their upward trend, are turned horizontally forwards in a line with the back, the point only being hooked upwards, almost exactly as in the figure of the Augsburg aurochs (pl. iii.). These horns appear io me to differ in no important respect from those of the supposed Assyrian aurochs, except that they are a little longer. ‘The hump is not shown in the illustration ; hence, if present, it was not larger than that of the ox in the foreground, Granting the presence of asmall hump, it may be maintained that in that particular only does the horned bull of the pair in question, believed to be a zebu, differ from the above-quoted Nineveli bull, believed to be an aurochs. If Lydekker’s identification of these two Assyrian bulls be correct, it seems to me that the conclusion derived therefrom is precisely the opposite of that which he maintains, in the sense that the case supplies very strong evidence of the aurochs descent of the zebu. But apart from allowing that these Assyrian sculptures furnish interesting evidence of the existence of domesticated catile approaching the zebu-type in many particulars in Mesopotamia at an early historic period, I do not think very great reliance should be placed upon structural details in mouldings apparently largely conven- tional. My purpose in referring to these and other cases Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. ii. 8 114 External Characters of Ruminant Artiodactyla. discussed in this section, is to show that the diversity of inter- pretation of which they are susceptible weakens the force of the contention that European breeds of cattle are of dual specific origin. V. CONCLUSIONS. 1. Indian humped cattle (Bos indicus) are not descended from the banteng (Bibos banteng), but from some species of Bos, to which genus, or subgenus, they belong. 2. They intergrade in almost all characters with Bos taurus. Such differences as typical representatives of the two breeds exhibit are quite compatible with tlhe view of their descent from a common ancestor, probably the aurochs (B. primigenius) ; but zebus may be the descendants of a form of Bos differing subspecifically, perhaps specifically, from B. priémigenius, but closely related thereto. Nevertheless, if that be so, the ex- treme differences between B. taurus and B. indicus are not traceable to original ancestral differences, but are the product of long-enduring domestication, under widely distinct physical conditions, coupled with selective breeding along divergent lines guided by different tastes and needs*. 8. Theclaim that some European cattle have an admixture, small or great, of zebu blood, due to the human intro- duction of that stock into Southern Europe is not established by the facts adduced in its support. It may, however, be true. On the other hand, the alleged zebu characters of such cattle may be explained, if the allegation be sound, by their representing stages in the evolution of the zebu type from Bos primigentus. = * Although the conclusion that B. tawrus and B. indicus had a common ancestor or are possibly the descendants of two closely allied forms of Bos hag been reached by the analysis of a different class of facts, it seems to coincide with that of several modern students of the group. Prof. Ewart, for example (P. Z.S. 1911, pt. ii. p. 281, footnote), thinks it probable that the long-browed short-horned zebus are probably repre- sentatives of the small domesticated ox of Anau, the so-called Celtic shorthorn, itself of aurochs descent. Perhaps the settlement of the disputed relationship between Bos namadicus, the so-called Asiatic aurochs, and Bos primigentus, the European aurochs, which was appa- rently also of Asiatic origin, may supply an answer to the still doubtful question as to whether the domesticated cattle discussed in this paper trace their descent from two distinct species of Bos or from two local races of a single species. On some small Mammals from Cutamarca, 115 X.—On some small Mammals from Catamarea, By OLDFIELD ‘THOMAS. (Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) THE British Museum has received a small collection of admirably prepared skins of mammals, mostly rodents, obtained at Chumbicha, Catamarca, by Sr. E. Budin, and a list of these seems desirable. Chumbicha is about 60 kilometres due south-west of the town of Catamarca, and lies at an altitude of about 600 metres. The collection consists of eighty-nine specimens, belonging to nine species, of which one has already been, and two are now, described as new. 1. Eligmodontia marica, Thos. Ann. & Mag, Nat. Hist, (9) ii. p. 483 (1918). ou299; 311; 2. 296, 312.. astern; desert, sidey of Chumbicha. Notes about this beautiful little species have already been published (/. ¢.). Itstypeisno.311. B.M. no. 18.11.11. 1. It is readily distinguishable by its small size and snowy- white belly. The four specimens were all caught in one place in the desert area to the east of Chumbicha, and none were seen elsewhere. 2. Hesperomys murillus cordovensis, Thos. Qeaeak ol, 292-. 298. 300; 302,306,507, 3135 9. 297, 301,303, 304, 305, 308, 309, 310. “ Caught among the wild cactus-plants.—Z. B.” The type-locality of cordovensis is Yacanto, near Villa ~ Dolores, Cordova, some 250 kilometres south-east of Chum- Licha. 3. Graomys sp. dg. 226, 232, 233, 236, 237, 245, 254, 260, 262, 263, 274, 275, 278, 281, 285, 288, 291, 293, 294, 314; 9. 223, 244, 250, 261, 264, 279, 282, 284, 295, 315. This fine series will be of much service when time and material are available for a thorough study of this difficult genus. Among these specimens there are examples with the belly-hairs white to the roots, and others with slaty-based gt 116 Mr. O. Thomas on some ventral hairs, but how far this is in part a character of age remains to be seen. The present form seems most nearly allied to “G. chaco- ensis and lockwoodi, but for the moment I prefer not to venture a definite determination of it. Its teeth and bullee are larger than in the geographically adjacent G. centralis. 4, Phyllotis sp. GO. 224, 227, 234, 235, 239, 240, 246, 249, 258, 269, 271, 272, 283, 286, 287, 290; ¢. 238, 243, 255, 270, 276, 277. Apparently not distinguishable from Ph. wolffsohni, Thos., but the members of the darwint group are all so closely allied that without a special study of them a definite deter- mination is not easy to arrive at. The presence of divergent supraorbital edges in the type of Ph. wolffsohni, as described in the original account, appears to be abnormal, or due to great age, as specimens since received are like PA. darwini in this respect. Well- developed supraorbital ridges are characteristic of Graomys. As in other places the Lhyllotis and Graomys live side by side, and are by no means always easy to distinguish from one another at first sight. The latter, however, has a longer and more hairy tail, and its belly-hairs, whether grey at base or not, have always definitely white tips, while those of the Phyllotis ave more or less drabby or brownish. 5. Oryzomys flavescens, Waterh. 9. 241. Rather larger than Uruguay examples. 6. Akodon glaucinus, sp. n. 6 . 222, 225, 242, 259, 266, 268, 280; 9. 229, 230, 267. Iuxternally closely similar to the Tucuman ts, 7 7 ” Fairly adult .... = 8 Fe F uine ” ” 8 ” Ova ” ” 8 ” Ova ,, (short post. , region) .. . 9 * atske Fairly large .... 9 i “3 Ova », with bud. F 8 - 42 E; 5 Slight. 8 ; iG GuUERNSEY.—JULY, Branchie. Anterior Collar-bristles. R : Opercula. . Sausage-tips. bristle-tufts. Basal comb. geckos 1 7 pairs. About 1 dozen RAL serrations. 2 opercula. wiris's 5. About 1 dozen. one Y 4 0 Ga rA Pr Branchie __pig- mented brown (or red ?). 1 only visible. a oe 6 Ps Bak re 2 or more. 8? . 1 apparently On shells. with fewer teeth. 2 opercula, Seis 8 Ya mee 2 7 see On shells. a ” eeee * The male elements were present in the majority with ova. Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews, 147 Sr, ANDREWs. Branchiz. Anterior (jar bris 2 Opercula. Sausage-tips. bristle-tufts. Cellar: bristles: ane. Ree All with sau- iG Fully 1 dozen Large example. sage-tip (long). fine serra- tions. Be oaks 8 Maia bE Le Bud. Slightly enlarged 7 No distinct Apparently fine tip. (developing). notch. teeth. 2. ates 7 ave June. eoeee eooee 8 eorvee ” cows Bere 8 Sib ¢ a PAGE Slightly enlarged Hotit aes tips in two spe- cimens, 2. Pore ase SCH Bud, September. 1 developing. Bit 7 eae, PA 4 1 developing. are a siete Nearly adult, ,, 2 developing. ae 7 beter September. Orr HesripEs.—JuLy. ‘ : Collar-bristles. O Bre connect Ds eee peee Sle ee ES P FE ie ‘serrated. Large example, SOoe 8 perere Pigment on 2. branchiz, two eyes, Orr IsLE or May. Opercula. Branchie. Anterior bristles, Collar-bristles. 2 With pigmented % Web with small tips. teeth. Orr SHETLAND. Opercula. Branchie. Anterior bristles. Remarks. Young, 2. No enlargement yi Ova. of tips. Adult 2 or none, at enre Moray FRITH (DREDGED). Branchiz. Anterior ths Opercula. Sausage-tips. bristle-tufts. Collarbristleg. 9 Remarky None. ti Typical, oa 2 None. 8 * Ova. E Very slight en- 8 Fs sane largement. ABERDEEN Bay. Opercula. Branchie. te oi oa Ay Remarks, 2 No enlargement 7 Small teeth Oya. of the tips. (12). 10* 148 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the Port ERIN. Opercula, Branchie. ie € ae = None. Tips of filaments 8-9 Typieal. black. ‘KNIGHT ERRANT.’—AUGUST. Opercula. Branchie. cee pees 2 ae % Typical. NortH SEA. Opercula. Eyes. Branchie. teuor Stat. 18 a. Largely developed, 8 no enlargement at 18.6.06. 2 ornone. tip. Present. No enlargement of 14.3.07. 2. vf tip. Station 10. 2. Sake A 3 “ Stat.16a@. 2ornone. .... x of Of 13.6.08. None. Bey - 5 7 Stat. 18 a. 3.6.08. 2. Binh * 5 7-8 Stat. 18a. 18.6.06. 2ornone. .... Those without oper- i cula had enlarged tips to filaments, which were long and slender. No. 165. 12.8.02. 2. No enlargements. 7-8 15.8.08. 2. cc aes ” 7-8 ‘PorcuPINE,’ 1870. Remarks. Remarks. Coccoliths in Collar- bristles. bristles. Opercula. Branchie. mecbeiees Collar-bristles. 2withaminute Slender pinne; no 8 Typical though process. enlargement. _ minute. Norway. Opercula. Branchie. ee Collar-bristles. 2ornone. Large branchize in ip Typical. those devoid fof opercula, no en- largements at tips. NAPLES. : Anterior Collar-bristles. Opercula. Branchiee. bristles. Basal web. Absent. Large sausage. 10 About 10 or 12 serrations. 9 ” ”? stomach. Remarks. Typical. Ova. Ova numerous and small. Ova. Ova. Sperm. Remarks. Ova and sperms ?P Remarks, Ova, Embryos. i i Gatty Marine Laboratory, St, Andrews. 149 Dona@onaDd, Red Sza. Anterior Opercula. Branchie. Peiglag Collar-bristles. Remarks, 2nd December. None. Piemented, some 6 Basal web, 8-9 Buds in a few. tips enlarged. teeth (typical). 2nd February, None. Tips of branchia 6 Typical. No buds. slightly enlarged bothin young and adults, May. None. es Fe 6 5 Many buds. September. CCM SN FAN | fe eth 6 eaaes me ome Young examples. Mapras Harpour, ; Anterior . Opercula. Branchie. eee Collar-bristles. Remarks. None, Tips slightly en- 7-8 Typical. enlarged. Sypnry Harzovur. : Anterior . Opercula. Branchiz. oe * Collar-bristles. Remarks. None. Pigmented branchie, 9 Typical. Young had eight ; no enlargement. thoracic bristles. (c) SrructTura.. ‘In British Seas Filograna implexa has been at intervals under examination since 1863, and it was its structure that year in St. Andrews Bay which showed how closely it approached Prof. Huxley’s Protula dystert. Indeed, two years after, the English author admitted to the writer that there was no real distinction between them. Since that time numerous specimens from the east and west, north and south, from shore and from deep water, and from such localities as Norway, Shetland, the Hebrides, several stations (7) in the North Sea, Plymouth, the Channel Islands, the trawling- grounds of 1884, the deep water off St. Andrews Bay, the Moray Frith, the stations of the ‘ Porcupine,’ Naples, the stations of the ‘Triton’ and ‘Knight Errant’ from the Red Sea, India, Africa, Australia, and the French coast, &ec., have given a fair field for observation, especially when supplemented by living specimens. Fresh examples from Plymouth in sea water, as Huxley and others truly said, resemble corals in so far as the branchial fans of the avnelids project from the tips of the tubes as miniature flowers, the distal parts (branchize) of 150 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the which are pale greenish yellow, and the anterior region of a fine reddish hue which tints the cephalic region at the base of the branchiz and passes a short distance along each filament. When eggs are present the posterior region is also reddish, the colour of these being of a brighter hue than the front. Two dark eyes occur on the dorsum of the reddish cephalic area. The anterior (thoracic) membrane is more deeply tinted in front than behind. When in full vigour the pure white of the calcareous tubes, the scarlet of the anterior region which just projects beyond them, and the pale greenish-yellow fans with their opaque tips make a picture at once beautiful and characteristic. The filaments of the branchie, when fresh, show under a low power a distinct moniliform arrangement of granular dots in all the British forms along each side—indicating a less developed stage of the more highly organized condition in the Mediter- ranean form—Salmacina edijicairiz. These granular masses are situated on the outer aspect of the interpinnate spaces, and are prominent in a face or a lateral view. The tips of the branchiz are in all more or less cylindrical, and under a lens present a whitish opacity. The expanded branchial fan is even more beautiful than that of Aleyonium from the larger size and greater richness of the filaments and pinne. The separate filaments are often curved toward the mouth, ay proximated, expanded or drooped on one side, the move- ments in the absence of irritation generally being slow. W hen touched with a needle, however, the entire fan shrinks into the tube, and though it by-and-by unfolds it may sharply retract several times spontaneously as if in remem- brance of the contact of the foreign body. The collar is often folded backward over the tip of the tube when the branchial fan is expanded. A separate branchia retains vitality for a considerable time and the pinne move as in the perfect fan, the tip of the filament also bending inward as if carrying out its usual functions, the whole occasionally rolling together like a ball and again expanding. The funnel-like aperture leading to the mouth is richly ciliated, and so with the anal groove posteriorly. Cilia also occur at the bases of the feet. On arrival at St. Andrews those from Plymouth expanded their branchial plumes freely, and after the first two days various examples dropped from their tubcs to the bottom of the vessels, and this continued during several weeks. The extruded forms quietly expanded their branchiz on the bottom of the vessels, the filaments bending inward now and then and again being expanded, whilst those with long ee a - Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 151 posterior regions occasionally curved them as the body con- tracted—with or without a jerk. Fragments of the anterior region with the branchiz survived a week or more, the move- ments of the branchie being similar, and even a cephalic region with the branchiz had almost equal vitality. The distal process of the branchial filament is not ciliated, but a rich coating of cilia occurs on the inner surface of the pinne., In reviewing the various examples from the diverse localities it is found that the mass of calcareous tubes—the vermidom, as Huxley called it—is identical in all, though two conditions may be distinguished, the solitary and the social. The tubes from deep water are large, yet light, masses, which invariably, as Dalyell observed, are honey- combed by spaces which permit the free passage of water and enable the annelids to expand their branchial fans in secure retreats. Therein they differ from the solid masses of the aporous corals, for instance, which lack the intricate chambers and which can only expand their polyps on the surface and sides. In some a distinct widening of the lip of the tube occurs, after the manner of a trumpet—a condition perhaps less frequently seen from their extreme brittleness. The general size of the adult annelids does not offer much variety, though the Neapolitan examples, such as Salmacina edificutrix, are pre-eminent. The branchiz vary considerably in their total length, in the length of their pinne, in the presence or absence of terminal enlargements to the filaments, and in the develop- ment of the paired glands at the base of the pinne. More- over, the presence of opercula characterizes certain forms, yet they are not altogether confined to northern examples, since they are abundant in those from the Channel Islands and off Cape Sagres in the south of Spain. Oper- cula are absent from the Mediterranean examples, those from Plymouth, those from Madeira, India, and Australia, yet they are equally absent from swarms off St. Andrews Bay. So much has been made of the presence or absence of opercula that it is interesting to find that the enlargements at the tips of the filaments seem to take their places, for instance, at Naples and Plymouth. Where an oper- culum is present, as a rule no enlargement of the tips of the filaments occurs. The opercula may be comparatively large and thin, or less expanded as circular discs. But the most important fact is that on the same ground, as in Shet- Jand, the Moray Frith, and St. Andrews, some in the same masses have and others do not have opercula. Thus in 152 ~ Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the swarms of those devoid of opercula from the neighbourhood of the Bell Rock a few were found with them. That fact: would seem to dispose of the importance of the operculum: as a specific distinction, for the animals are otherwise identical. In the same way some on the same masses from’ the North Sea had an operculum as an exception, and though Sars described the Norwegian representative as having an operculum, others lately eerancd from the same region had none. The varying size and shape of the oper- culum, and the remarkable susceptibility of the branchivz themselves to change in filaments, pinne, terminal region, and glands, sugg jean the instability of a character denivell from the operculum in Filograna. The tips of the filaments, like the branchie as a whole, present equal response to external or internal influences.: The maximum change, independently of the formation of an operculum, so far as at present known, is observed in the: Neapolitan type—Salmacina edificatrix,—in which the non- ciliated tip forms an elongated sausage- ‘like process, though it is probably flattened. No operculum is developed i in’ this type. Similar, though smaller, enlargements take place in the Plymouth and southern non-opercular forms, and which, though not specially noted by Huxley, were alluded to by Claparéde. De Quatrefages supposed that in Huxiey’s Protula dysteri these enlargements corresponded to the ovigerous opercula of the Spirorbids In those with opercula from the French coast, the Channel Islands, Shetland, and Norway, no enlargement of the ter- minal region of the filaments, as a rule, was present. Only in certain examples from the North Sea modified opercula and terminal enlargements of the filaments occurred, Thus in an example with eight pairs of anterior bristles one dorsal filament had a somewhat thick terminal process, rather abruptly bevelled on one side, whilst the other filament had advanced a stage further—the clavate tip being unequally bevelled and hollowed so as to form a rudimentary operculum. On the same ground (455 metres) another had the tips of the filaments more irregularly enlarged as flattened lobate processes in every instance, and in several the expansion passed down the filament for some distance. Others showed similar enlargements at the tips of the branchiz and no opercula, and a third series presented a minute flattened or shghtly saucer-shaped operculum on each dorsal filament which couid have been of little use as a protection. At other stations the forms of the opercula varied from the thin translucent, more or less circular or hoof-shaped cup to a lee ly A ig ee A ei! Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. Lose long vase with a tapering process on the lip, or the filament had a blunt clavate tip or a cone at the end. Im another instance (197 metres) in which no operculum was present the tips of the two dorsal filaments were simply flattened and wider than the rest. Accompanying the foregoing were several—it may be young forms—in which the tips of the filaments were short and little tapered. The presence or absence of opercula, indeed, would appear to depend on no reliable data. Variability is not confined to the tips of the branchial filaments, for the pinne are short as in the young budding forms from Plymouth, or of great preportional length as im c rtain forms from the North Sea, the branchial fans of which, moreover, are about half the length of the body. The pinne of these are much longer and more slender than in any from Plymouth, though the age of the specimen has considerable influence in this respect. The number of the bristle-tufts in the anterior region ts likewise variable—ranging from five to ten, though a cou— siderable majority show seven, the number most frequent in the north. The first pair of bristle-tufts, the collar-bristles, diverges from the others in size, direction, and structure, and in these respects is closely allied to the condition in Spirorbis. Those from Plymouth may be taken as the type, the first pair of bristle-tufts being conspicuous organs directed forward, upward, and outward. The shaft of each bristie is nearly cylindrical, diminishing a little when viewed from behind toward the commencement of the wing, and the tapeiing axis can be followed as distinct from the wing to the hair-like tip. The broad basal part of the wing has. numerous (about a dozen) serrations, sloping from the base to the distal end in lateral view, then a hiatus occurs, followed by a minutely serrated tapering wing or blade. Certain views point to the double nature of the basal expansion of the wing. In some from St. Andrews several of the bristles. of this tuft do not show the gap separating the more boldly serrated base from the minutely serrated terminal region of the wing. Moreover, a few simple tapering bristles without an evident wing were prescnt. How far these may consist of developing forms has yet to be ascertained, but such is unlikely. These bristles are freely moved forward, outward,. and inward for various purposes, and when feeble or dying they stand stiffly forward and outward. In the buds these bristles show the same structure, and slight hollows at the site of the gap between the basal and distal parts of the wing indicate the notch, 154 _ Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the The second tuft has bristles with simple wings. The rest of the tufts in the anterior region have, in addition to the simple winged bristles, two or more with sickle-shaped or falciform tips, and in the ordinary preparations (micro- scopic) these are posterior. These tips are translucent and flattened, widened at the end of the shaft, characteristically curved and tapered to a fine point. The bristles of the posterior region are few in number in the groups, and follow a blank space behind the anterior region. Though smaller, the structure is the same as the simple winged forms. The wings on the slender bristles of the last three or four segments are very narrow—just visible in living examples. So far as can be ascertained, the hooks in the various forms correspond in intimate structure, Though the Polycheta as a rule are unisexual, various hermaphrodite annelids are known; thus H. Parlin Johnson gives a list of sixteen or seventeen species possessing this character. No form, however, is more interesting than Filograna (Salmacine) which not only is hermaphrodite, but reproduces also by budding, as first pointed out by Huxley. In the hermaphrodite anunelids, as Malaquin clearly observes, the male and female gonads may be quite distinct, as in the Nereid Lycastis quadraticeps, Gay, or they may be mixed, as in Ophryotrocha puerilis. Inthe Salmacine and Spiror- bids, on the other hand, the male and female gonads are in different segments. The budding in Filegrana, as Sars noticed, takes place in the posterior region of the adult, viz., where the long paired bristles eecur—six or seven of these being in front of the bud, which is formed of the caudal region of the nurse-stock with the vent and its two papilla. | The early buds are ovoid and granular, wider than the ordinary caudal region, with nine or ten pairs of bristle-tufts characteristic of the posterior region, the anterior division being devoid of them, but having simple smooth filaments representing the branchie. No special differentiation of the granular interior of the bud can be made out, further than a more opaque granular wedge in front of the anal papilla, and which probably represents the adult rectum. No trace of the collar is at first visible, then a fold, probably the ventral, occurs at the base of the short filaments. In the next stage the body of the bud is more elongated, the bristled segments are more numerous, and a streak along the middle line leads to the vent, and is in contact anteriorly with the alimentary canal of the adult, which in one con- tained a large foreign mass about its middle. ‘The branchiz RAR as es A rn a Et i Naps te ls Lh a ne ee ood Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 155 (four on one and three on other side) are longer and more slender, and are distinctly moniliform, A rounded process behind them on each side represents the lateral lobes of the collar, and a slightly opaque curved area on the anterior region probably indicates the alar membrane. The buds appear to leave the nurse-stock when six pairs of auterior bristles are present, viz., the first pair which project horizontally and five behind these, the alar membrane being narrower behind than in front, and developing from before backward. The branchial filaments have pinne and terminal processes. The body is comparatively short and wide, the anterior and posterior regions being nearly equal in length, A part devoid of bristles occurs behind the anterior region, then follows ten or eleven bristled segments and a caudal region devoid of bristles. In many from Plymouth the anterior part of the posterior division, the seat of the male elements, is marked by numerous closely arranged transverse lines apparently due to trans- verse rows of minute red pigment-granules on the stomach ; yet in these the male elements at this date (8th June) had not attained great development, the ovigerous region behind being considerably in advance, as might be anticipated in view of the presence of the ova in the early bud. A portion of the tail, consisting of a variable number of segments (12-15 or more), being free from reproductive elements and presenting only the greenish blood-vessels of the gut and the feet. The contrast, therefore, between such specimens and those forwarded in March, in which month the repro- ductive elements were inconspicuous, though buds were numerous, was pronounced. In June, again, the budding forms had reproductive elements developed only in the bud, the reddish hue of which betokened the early ova, only a median greenish stripe, broad at the veut, indicating the alimentary canal in the bud ready to separate. Such subse- quently developed a caudal region of numerous segments. No uniformity appeared to ene as to the seement of the posterior region from which the bud sprung, ‘for example, SIX, seven, eight, nine, and ten bristled segments occurred. in a series in front of the bud, The sperms frequently develop in the forms from Plymouth a little later than the ova, none indeed appearing in the bu, but by-and-by they fill the non-bristled region in front of the ovigerous segments and bulge laterally, the region being thus characterized by its pallor. Ou the other hand, a short example having about twenty- five segments in the posterior region had only male elements in front of a part, containing ‘thirteen segments and the 156 . - Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the pygidium. The achetous region (of four or more pale seg- ments) was filled with sperms—some ripe, the majority scarcely ripe. The sides of the posterior region, which would by-and-by form the bud, had opaque: cells .and granules (developing ova?). The sperms thus first attained maturity in the example. ‘This, therefore, shows the variable nature of the form in this respect. On the 9th June early trochospheres of a deep red colour occurred in the vessels, the prototroch being conspicuous at each side. These simply rotate or swim in smali circles ; but the larve with commencing segmentation dart through the water with great vigour, ‘and often in a straight linet whilst others made larger “circles near the bottom. One of the latter had three segments behind the head, and in all two eyes were distinct. The mode of development in these forms thus differs from that observed in the preparations of Salmacina cdificatrix, which produces large ova and trochospheres in the tube. No buds have been met with. (d) GENERAL. Filograna in itself demonstrates the difficulties which surround the idea of special creation as an explanation of he diverse conditions of structure and reproduction, since those with and those without opereula, those with enlarged tips to the branchiz and those without them, those with eyes and those devoid of them, those with a few pairs of anterior bristles and hook-rows and those with an increased series of both, and other variations occur on the same site. It is more reasonable to believe that the observer is dealing with a species spread over the whole globe, and which is endowed with a capacity for variation almost unequalled in the animal series, than to adhere to the view that there are separate species or genera. ‘he sea is in a different position from Mr, Alfred Wallace’s view of the land, where “so long as a country remains physically unchanged, the numbers of its animal population cannot materially increase. If one species does so, some others requiring the same kind of food must diminish in proportion.” In the sea such strictures, perhaps, are less necessary, for there is an ample margin for every living form in 80 far as food is concerned. It is true “ the numbers that die’’ (or are killed) “‘ annually must be immense; and, as the industrial existence of each animal depends on itself, those that die must be the weakest—the very young, the aged, and the diseased; while those that prolong their existence can only be the most perfect in health and vigour— \ lg Nae 8 2 laa et yy pe oetet] a Dp as tad Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. Eee those who are best able to obtain food regularly, and avoid their numerous enemies.” It is difficult, however, to see how such an argument can apply to sedentary zoophytes which are browsed on by young cod, to the living corals which are crushed by the Scari, or to the sedentary Poly- cheets in calcareous tubes which are devoured by Echini and various fishes. It would be interesting to find out in these the “ struggle for existence in which the weakest and least perfectly organised must always succumb.” There is little competition in a colony of Filograna, or in that of Obelia, and it can hardly be said that there is a struggle for existence in such reef-corals as Polythoa or Zoanthus. Checks there must be on the extraordinary powers of propagation shown by Filograna, else the ocean would swarm with masses lke coral-reefs, yet individual competition ‘must be slight, since post-larval forms secrete their tubes, it may be, on new sites, whilst the buds may increase the parent mass of tubes on the old one. Each is perfect and capable of ‘‘ performing the different acts necessary to its safety and existence under all the varying circumstances by which it is surrounded,” and “ perfect acquaintance with its organization and habits” would hardly enable us ‘to calculate the proportionate abundance of individuals which is the necessary result.” It cannot be said that the inhabi- tants of the sea are “ kept down by a periodical deficiency of food,” though other checks exist. It is difficult also to explain the comparative abundance, say, of Filograna or the scarcity, say, of Placostegus as due to their organization and resulting habits, “which, rendering it more difficult to procure a regular supply of food and to provide for their personal safety in some cases than in others, can only be balanced by a difference in the population which have to exist In a given area.”’ If it be supposed that the ancestral form was devoid of an operculum, and that the presence of that organ in one form or another is a variation, the question as to its influence on the welfare of the species naturally suggests itself. Can the thin, almost membranous, operculum so guard the aperture of the tube as to be a decided advantage to the occupant—in contrast with the bare tips of the branchiz or their enlarged extremities, which otherwise block it? The indiscriminate occurrence, in the same colony, of opercula, enlarged tips, and ordinary tips, would point to the view that the develop- ment of one or other of these is of secondary moment ; yet it must be borne in mind that in certain northern localities the majority follow one condition or another, and that such races as Salmacina cedijicatrix are characteristic of the 158 Prof. M'Intosh’s Notes from the warm Mediterranean waters. Environment would thus appear to be a factor of importance in some instances, if not in all. Moreover, it would seem to be as unnecessary to place the weight given by some authors on the presence or absence of an operculum as to separate like species of oxen by the presence or absence of horns. Some, like Claparéde and Fauvel, perhaps, might be disposed to separate as distinct species those with and those without an operculum, or to regard either as a sudden and an important mutation in a given series. It may, indeed, be asked why Filograna, with such a tendency to variation in the organs mentioned, as well as in reproduction, has not developed along the lines indicated and produced descendants in which each variation fitted it to survive more readily than its fellows—whether as regards its somatic cells or its germ-cells, both of which are affected? The continuity of the germ-plasm does not appear to restrict the variations indicated, even in repro- duction, since there may be free ova, internal embryos, or buds. A study of karyokinesis in the sexual cells might, perhaps, aid in solving the problem, though this is conjectural. Again, the variability in the number of the anterior (thoracic) bristles is a feature seen in not a few Polychzts -—for instance, in the Sabellids. In Potamillareniformis, O. F. M., the anterior bristles may range from five to twenty- six pairs, a much wider variation than in Filograna. Certain races of Filograna have seven pairs, others from seven to nine, whilst the Neopolitan types may reach ten. Such is not necessarily the effect of age, but rather of environmental conditions—for example, the general temperature of the surrounding water, the rich supply of nourishment, and the abundance of light. In considering the differences in structure presented by Filograna the variations in the tips of the branchie occur under such diverse conditions, as well as on precisely the same site and under the same conditions, that one is at a loss to say wherein the process of selection and the “ struggle for existence” lie. Their tubes give the necessary pro- tection, so that the species can vary in any manner in which its inherent capacities permit, and a single generation may afford examples of change in the organs referred to. The enlarged tips of the branchiz are of a glandular character, and thus differ from the opercula—though borne by the same parts. Moreover, it caunot be said that disuse has caused the disappearance of the opercula, since the forms devoid of them have as much need of them as before. The bright pigment of the branchiz shows that light, as well as Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews, 159 aeration, plays an important part in the economy of the annelid. In such a type as Filograna it is not the hard-and-fast rule that “like begets like,” but the inherent tendency to vary in every particular in the parts indicated is the main factor. It is questionable if, with every care, the production .of those with opercula or those with the greatly enlarged tips to the branchial filaments could always be relied on by breeding from suitable parents of each type, unless the exact surroundings are obtainable, since the tendency to variability is so intense. It is said that varieties replace the original species because they are “‘ more perfectly developed and more highly organised, and in all respects better adapted to secure its safety, and to prolong its individual existence and that of the race. Such a variety could not return to the original form; for that form is an inferior one, and could never compete with it for existence. Granted, therefore, a ‘tendency ’ to produce the original type of the species, still the variety must ever remain preponderant in numbers, and under adverse physical conditions again alone survive” *, Whilst many examples of the foregoing statement may be found in the higher vertebrates, the case of Vilograna, for instance, does not seem to fall into line, for here are variations so numerous in structure and development and so inter- mingled with each other that it is difficult to say which is the original form and which the variation, since all forms may be found under like conditions. In this connection it may be asked what variety of Filograna has a tendency to maintain its existence longer than the original species or longer than any other variety? Can it be said that those with opercula are better fitted to survive than those devoid of them, or that those with the distal ends of the branchial filaments enlarged into sausage-like masses supplant those without them? Are those with eyes and nine pairs of anterior setigerous processes enabled to continue the species more effectively than those which have no eyes and only five or six setigerous processes? There is no proof that any of these is in a better position than another—yet Nature does nothing in vain; the facility with which variations occur and the vast distribution of the species would lead to the belief that a clue may yet be found to unravel the mystery. The species certainly fluctuates to and froin regard to the organs mentioned, but does not progress along any of the lines * This and other quotations are taken from the important papers of Mr, Darwin and Mr, Wallace in the Proc, Linn. Soc. vol, iii. no. 9, 1858, 160 : Prof. M‘Tutosh’s: Notes from the with sufficient continuity to evolve anything more than.a variation. The differences in the various races of Félograna do not appear to be so great as to warrant specific separation, and this is the more noteworthy in a species so widely distributed and so plastic. ‘The variations lead to no change of habit or surroundings, no essential change in general structure, and the different methods of reproduction remain more or less the same throughout. No variety seems to excel the other in its influence on the stability of the species, or to lead to fixity and the formation of a new species, and the “extermination of the older and less improved forms.” This species does not conform to the view that the “lesser differeuces characteristic of varieties come to be augmented into the greater differences characteristic of species”’*. If the struggle for existence held in the ordinary way, it is reasonable to suppose that certain variations of structure and develappremt would have been singled out as permanent —to the exclusion of others. The differences between the varieties of Filograna are more pronounced, perhaps, than in such a case as A. G. Mayer’s lpenthesis folleata and Pseudoclytia pentata, the former with the typical four, and the latter with five radial canals, gonads, and manubrial lobes. The Ccelenterates, moreover, have a more simple structure, and their gelatinous tissues respond more easily to sudden variations. Whilst there is wide variability in the plastic branchia, eyes, opercula, the number of ‘‘ thoracic ”’ segments, and the absence or presence of buds, there seems to be more or less uniformity in the structure of the bristles and hooks as well as of the tubes from pole to pole of the world. It may well be asked why the environment has not altered these organs (bristles and hooks)? Their functions, it is true, aed not altered, but neither have the functions of branchiz or opercula. Yet, after all, and taking a broad view of the species, Filograna remains the same, and leads to no other type, for the Spirorbids, which have similar collar-bristles and branchie, are joined by no intermediate forms, their tubes are coiled and massive, and their opercula larger and caleareous. No change of surroundings in the varied waters stretching from Arctic to Antarctic seas makes the species other than Filograna. Moreover, there does not seem to be any correlation in the parts which vary, even the absence of the opercula and the presence of the enlargement of the tips of the branchial filaments are by no means * Darwin, ‘Animals and Plants under Domestication,’ vol. i. p. 7. Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 161 invariable. In the Neapolitan Salmacina edificatrix many specimens would seem to show shorter and more slender pinne on the filaments, which throughout are terminated by the enlarged cushions. The higher Polychzets, as a rule, have the sexes separate, but Filograna is hermaphrodite, and, moreover, increases by active budding, the buds rapidly developing sexual elements which may be shed or the ova may be fertilised internally and find exit as larve. All these processes exist, it may be, in one and the same colony, and it is not easy to explain why such diversity should oceur, or why such characters, if acquired, should not be more stable. There is little evidence of a struggle for existence in such a form, since the sea supplies at once food and calcareous matter everywhere ; yet the warmer waters appear to favour the development of larger processes at the end of the branchial filaments in certain cases, but this falls under environment rather than individual competition, for it cannot be supposed that the great size of these processes is necessary for the well-being of the species generally. Whilst they may be associated with the environment, yet under the same conditions small terminal processes may be present, just as in colder waters opercula may be present or absent in the same colony. In connection with the statement that the warmer waters seem to favour rapid spread of the species it need only be pointed out that, im contrast with the colder eastern waters of Scotland, Filograna flourishes luxuriantly in the genial waters of the Laboratory at Port Hrin and speedily blocks with its calcareous tubes the supply- pipes, whilst on the boats of Dongonab in the Red Sea it is equally, if not more, luxuriant. Sexual selection would appear to have little or no effect in producing the varieties, though special varieties of oper- cula or branchiz on a given site may owe their frequence to the qualities transmitted by parents, or by the process of budding from a nurse-stock. The coloration of the branchiz is a feature of moment, especially in connection with the incidence of light. This coloration is marked in the Australian forms and in those from the Red Sea, the Mediterranean, aud the south generally, though it is by no means inconspicuous in those of colder climes. Is this coloration protective where it is highly developed, or is it only ornamental? The great beauty, as well as the endless variety, of the branchial circles or fans of the Serpulids must have struck every marine zoologist, and therein Filograna agrees with its family ; but the pigment may have special physiological purposes to Ann. & Mag. N. /list, Ser. 9, Vol. iti, ia. 162 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the perform, seeing that the coelomic fluid is present in every branchial filament. | The effects of inbreeding can hardly affect the reproductive processes of this species, since the sperms are widely dis- - tributed in the water and fertilise, it may be, different ova either in the ccelom or in the free condition, whilst the buds form a further check of importance. Notwithstanding the wide range of the sperms shed by such forms in the sea, the question of hybridization does not appear to arise—indeed, no more than in the case of the cod, haddock, and pleuro- nectids which meet on the bréeing-grounds. Reversion or atavism appears to have little to support it in the case of Filograna, though the occurrence of a few with opercula in a race usually devoid of them may be held by some to indicate this feature, especially as the development of this organ seems to be less connected with the environ- ment. If such organs appeared in a bud—that is, indepen- dently of sexual reproduction,—it might show that the tissues of nurse-stock and bud were imbued with an inherent continuity of plasm, which in function may remain latent or intermittently burst forth in the formation of such organs, just as the reappearance of coloured longitudinal stripes takes place in young feral pigs. Particular crosses may also favour the appearance or disappearance of opercula, enlarged tips to branchiz, or other features in succeeding gencrations : as Darwin says “ That a being should be born resembling in certain characters an ancestor removed by two or three, and in some cases by hundreds or even thousands of generations, is assuredly a wonderful fact.” As Filograna is herma- phrodite the so-calied secondary sexual characters have a more direct line of transmission. Whether the variations noted are hereditary is still an open question, though it would appear that in some cases at least these are not sufficiently stable to lead to the formation of species. Certainly Filograna is under ‘* conditions of life incessantly inducing fresh variability ” (Darwin), and thus, perhaps, has a check to inheritance in the ordinary sense of the term. Perhaps the species falls under the group in which selection has not been applied, and thus distinct races or even species have not been conspicuously formed ; certainly it is difficult to see how natural selection affects Kilograna to any extent. he variability in this species is not due to crossing, food, climate, or inbreeding. }t is inherent, —— poaestiienilinanattetinsinnatitinettibndahtieastemabameestiereedie ooeree ome ee ee m ede ce Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 163 2, On Harmothoé watsoni, M‘/., an var. H. marphyse, M‘J. Whilst studying the structure and habits of Lagis koreni, Malmgren, forwarded from Lanfairfechan, in North Wales, Mr. Arnold Watson found a Polyroid as a commensal in the tube of an adult annelid and he kindly sent it for examina- tion along with some remarks on its condition in life. It measured about one-fifth of an inch in length, with white scales bearing reddish-brown markings, which at their interior ends jomed to form crescents. Anteriorly was a red disk, probably due to the cephalic gangha. ‘The median tentacle was long, and one anal cirrus was seen, though most of the dorsal cirri had been shed. No scales remained on the body which had a fairly regular outline from the even disposition of the feet. The head is less elongated than in Harmothoé marphyse, and in the preparation retained a pale brownish hue, with the usual median groove enlarging at the anterior peaks. The pre- sence of these anterior peaks, which the dark pigment at the base of the median tentacle more clearly differentiates, the large size of the eyes, and the shorter head distinguish this form from H. marphyse. All the eyes are visible from the dorsum, though the anterior pair, from their slightly lateral position, are less distinct than the posterior pair, which le in front of the nuchal border. The anterior eyes are some- what in front of the middle of the head, and thus separated from the posterior pair by a considerable interval, whilst they are also more distinctly lateral. Both pairs are, how- ever, visible in a lateral as well as in a dorsal view, and all are of medium size, considerably larger than those of H. marphyse. The median teutacie is long and furnished with clavate papillae. The lateral tentacles are inferior and in the preparation have slightly enlarged or probe-shaped tips. ‘The palpi are of moderate length with tapered extremities, and their surface is smooth. ‘The tentacular cirri are comparatively short and have slender tips, whilst the surface has a few clavate papille. The body is normal in shape, and thus differs from that of H. marphyse, being slightly narrowed in front and more distinctly diminished posteriorly. The number of bristled segments is about thirty. When the scales are removed, a translucent bar, the proboscis, appears behind the head. The teet have a regular arrangement from frout to rear, and the pale bristles project beyond them with similar regularity. A typical foot presents dorsally the cirrus, which is enlarged at the base and tapered distally, with numerous clavate papilla. The tip of the organ does not project much beyond 164 Notes from the Gatty Marine Laboratory. the bristles, and thus appears to be somewhat shorter than in H. marphyse. A slight eminence below the cirrus gives origin to the pale dorsal bristles which radiate from it in a fan-like manner, but when compressed laterally show a shorter, stouter, upper, and a longer, more slender inferior series. The upper shorter forms are boldly curved and serrated on the edge. The more slender inferior bristles are less curved and the serrations on the hair-like tip are minute. A spine pierces the lower margin of the elevation from which the bristles emerge—in lateral view. ‘These bristles thus closely resemble those of H. marphyse, differing only in the more minute serrations of the tips and their smaller size. The inferior division of the foot forms a cone with a pointed tip, up to the base of which the powerful spine goes. Its dorsal outline is sinuous, the ventral convex (in lateral view), the outline thus differing from that of H. marphyse, though the size in the respective cases has to be remembered. The upper two have elongated simple tips with only a slight swelling above the shaft and very minute serrations on the edge. Those in lateral view are above the spine. ‘Those below the spine have shorter tips, longer rows of spikes, and bifid tips, and the swelling above the shaft is more distinct. The short ventral cirrus has an enlarged base which rapidly tapers to a slender tip, aud its surface has a few clavate papille. Posteriorly all the parts of the foot are diminished, and the bristles are proportionally more slender and elongated. The scales have the colour mentioned by Mr. Arnold Watson, and a similar outline to those of H. marphyse, but they are thinner and more translucent ; moreover, in some no papillee can be observed. In other scales the papille, from ten to twenty in number, form a small compact group ou the thinnest margin of the scale and about its middle, whereas in H. marphyse these papille stretch in the adult female as a long band to the angle of the thin edge. The changes here indicated may be the result of growth, but there is a decided divergence. On the whole, this Polynoid closely approaches H. mar- physe, but the structure of the shorter head with its larger eyes, and the closer approach of the anterior to the posterior pair, the slight differences in the structure of the feet and the bristles all combine to cause hesitation. Intermediate examples, however, may yet enable future observers to unite them. It is an interesting fact, however, in connection with the ripe H. marphyse, that a marked change in the condition of the feet accompanies reproduction, though the eyes remain as minute as before, MARSHALL, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. S. NEW AFRICAN CURCULIONID-. e D Vol. i. Pl. r Hr KFILIN. Anite Mag. Nate dest: So 9. Vols LLL. Pleas —— Bs “ E ¥{, D. Keilin, del. > KEILIN. Ann..a Mags Nat. Host. 8.19. Vol. ILE Pixie Hi ei AVANAN) a Wat yy) | eat LB oh y if i BD. Keilin, del. KEILIN. Ani. &) Mag. Nat. Hist. S..9. Vol. TE. Pia ie LA Add (a dis Sean =X D, Keilin, del, KRILIN, Anni Mag. Nat Hast. S:.9. Vol. Lil. Pie. Ve 27 \ \ “te eget hell & Se AWA i SNM a / as!) 2 ms ‘ Gk \ Gaile Ly NEE AN Ay Sey 75 a \ a J shop / A » \ f oR iL \ ) SEY : \| / 7 } ww a i sae D. Keilin, del. & WATERS A, W, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. S. A pega seg ny ge IT ei ° os eer poe ae 2a, SN — ae asec: meron Fig.4. "5 Waters, del. 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FEBRUARY 1919, XIIL.— New and insufficiently-known Moths in the Joicey Collection. By Lovis B. Provr, F.E.S. In the following descriptions it is to be assumed that all the types, paratypes, etc., euumerated are in the collection of J. J. Joicey, Ksq., unless otherwise specified. In working out the Noctuidz, subfamily Catocaline, which form the great bulk of the paper, [ am very largely indebted to my sister Miss A. E. Prout, who is at present arranging this family in Mr. Joicey’s collection. Sir George F. Hampson has also kindly given his advice on some points. Family Arctiidae. Subfamily Lirvoszrvz. 1. Chionema gonypetes, sp. 0. 6 .— 38-40 mm. Head white, face narrowly red below, palpus and post- orbital rim red. Collar orange-red. ‘Thorax white ; patagia and tegule edged with red. Legs partly white (becoming yellowish on tarsi), partly orange-red. Abdomen orange, beneath white. Fore wing with the lobes of underside formed about as in conclusa, Walk. (not quite so broad as in aviologa, Swinh., and perornata, Walk.), the proximal elongate, the distal circular, some rough orange-red hair-scales behind the proximal ; above white, costal edge very narrowly red to Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. iti. 12 166 Mr. L. B. Prout on autemedian line; subbasal markings consisting of a small triangular red mark on costa, a black dot in cell, and an oblique, red, black-mixed dash behind SM*; lines red; antemedian rather thick, straight, from before one-third costa (where it is proximally edged by a few black scales) to beyond one-third hind margin; postmedian arising on costa about midway between subbasal mark and apex, strongly oblique outwards to M’', here sharply bent, then straight to hind margin near tornus ; a large anterior and . minute posterior black cell-dot ; a red costal mark shortly beyond the postmedian line, connected with it by a faint reddish mark (really the reddened tips of the costal fringe) ; terminal line orange, thickening at apex. . Hind wing red-orange or orange-red, above with costal margin pale. Fore wing beneath indefinitely mottled with ochreous and orange, posteriorly whitish; base of costa and lobes redder ; costal edge whitish in front of the lobes ; antemedian and postmedian lines present, but indistinct. Mindanao, Philippines (J. J. Mounsey), 23 3. Probably near axiologa, Swinh.; may be placed as No, 648c in the subfamily. 2. Chionema brunneistriga, sp. 0. ? .—19 mm. Closely similar to rubristriga, Holl., the red markings light ochreous-brown. Fore wing with antemedian line strongly bisinuate ; postmedian rather thick, rather strongly angulated outwards in middle; three black-brown subapical spots, the middle one (between R* and R*) well developed, the anterior and posterior ones minute. Fort Crampel, French Congo. Possibly a form of rubristriga, Holl., as the colour is known to be somewhat. variable, and specimens of apparently that species from Sierra Leone and Gold Coast in coll. British Museum show faint traces of a brownish subterminal spot between R? and R?, but the antemedian line seems too different, and the Cameroon series in coll. Joicey shows no transitions towards the new form. 3. Chionema additicia, sp. n. ? .—22 mm. Closely similar to basisticta, Hmpsn., slightly broader- winged. Head white. Fore wing with the markings yellowish ochraceous Moths in the Joicey Collection. 167 costally, becoming redder posteriorly ; an additional black dot, placed on DC*; terminal line broken into dots except towards apex. Pujehun (Pujeon), Sierra Leone. Family Noctuidae. Subfamily Carocatrv2z. 4. Acanthodica albiplena, sp. n. 3 .—46 mm. Head and body coloured as in the lighter examples of splendens, Druce. Fore wing reddish brown mixed with grey and with purplish brown, slightly lighter than in splendens ; the fine, black, green-edged lines as in that species ; white subbasal and inner-marginal spots larger; renitorm stigma almost wholly white, broad posteriorly; the spot behind it also whiter than in splendens, larger and less round, anteriorly almost reaching M just proximal to the hinder angle of cell ; proximally to these, two much smaller round white spots, the anterior (indicated, though minuter and less conspicuous, in splendens) placed in the cell near its end, the posterior (larger and slightly more proximal) in the angle of M with M?; white inner median area clearer than in splendens, its anterior extension prolonged, almost confluent with the reniform ; terminal area as in splendens. Hind wing almost entirely glossy white, only with the hair-scales and fringe of abdominal margin light brown, and with a row of dark vein-dots slightly nearer the termen than those of splendens ; a blackish terminal line, thickening at apex and becoming obsolete just behind M?, reappearing as a slight spot at end of SM? ; fringe hght brown, between M? and SM? and between SM? and tornus white. Fore wing beneath similar to that of splendens, but lighter. Hind wing beneath predominantly white ; costal area mode- rately irrorated with brown, with a broad dark mark from anterior extremity of DC to costa, the postmedian dots com- mencing at an oblique, somewhat curved dark costal streak, asmall dark dash on middle of submedian fold, the terminal dark band (usually well developed in splendens) almost en- tireiy obsolete except at apex. Minca, Colombia, 2000 feet (H. H. Smith). 5. Acanthodica sinuilinea, sp. n. 3 .—46-49 mm. Head and body coloured as in the lighter examples of 12 168 Mr. L. B. Prout on splendens, the contrast of colour between patagia and tegule rather sharper. Fore wing coloured and marked nearly as in splendens, but easily distinguished as follows: subbasal white mark more strongly developed, with more couspicuous M-shaped distal edge; reniform stigma (on an average more mixed with white) more strongly constricted in middle, 8-shaped or spectacle-shaped (the deeper indentation being in proximal side) ; postmedian line tneurved between KR? and M’. Hind wing whiter than in splendens, the dark borders similar, but on an average appreciably narrower, often almost obsolete in posterior part. Underside nearly as in splendens, the dark border of the hind wing tending to obsolescence posteriorly. Yahuarmayo, S. Peru, 1200 feet, May-July, 1912 (Watkins), type; others from the same locality, from La Union, Rio Huacamayo, Carabaya, S.H. Peru (Ockenden), and from Rio Ampiyacu, Putumayo, Peruvian Amazons. A @ from Contamana, Rio Ucayali, Peru, Nov.—Dec., 1912, which—on account of the curved postmedian line— probably belongs here, has almost the whole fore wings whitened from base to the reniform and the pale patch behind it, only an irregular costal border of about 2 mm. width (encroached upon at the subbasal white mark) and a spot on hind margin proximal to the antemedian line remaining normally coloured; hind wing with the dark borders broad, as in splendens, of which the 9 is also unknown. As the three white central spots—the reniform and the spots placed proximally and posteriorly thereto (which are all discernible through their purer white outlines on the whitish area)—are all enlarged, this is possibly a species distinct from both those named. 6. Acanthodica celebs, sp. n. 9 .—44—46 mm. Head and body coloured nearly as in wylinoides, Schaus, the dark brown admixture rather stronger, especially on vertex, whichin xylinoides generally remains clear ochreous- brown; “‘patagia” edged with bluish- or greenish-white proximally. Fore wing ochreous brown suffused with red-brown, least heavily in costal region; a black lonyitudinal line running from near base to termen, in cell and between R} and R’; markings otherwise nearly as in «ylinoides, but with the dark marks in anterior part. quite small and weak and with Moths in the Joicey Collection. 169 a conspicuous grey-white patch behind cell near base, as in fosteri, Hmpsn. Hind wing with termen fuller in middle than in wylinoides (shaped more as in fosteri), the apex consequently less pointed ; coloration nearly as in the darkest wylinoides, but slightly more clouded still, at least in apical and distal region, Underside much as in heavily-marked wylinoides, but with the longitudinal line of upperside developed in distal half. Minca, Colombia, 2000 feet (H. H. Smith), type and another @?. Perhaps the 2 to «xylinoides, which occurred with it in the same locality—which, however, is undoubtedly very rich in Noctuide. Unfor tunately, 2 2 of many of the species are still unknown. 7. Agonista endochrysa, sp. n. 3 .—96-98 mm. Head and thorax above velvety black-brown ; pectus chocolate-brown, posteriorly mixed with ochreous ; hind coxa, femur, and tibia predominantly ochreous ; abdomen golden yellow, dorsal surface anteriorly black-brown, narrow- ing off to a point about the fifth segment. Fore wing velvety black-brown ; fringe golden yellow, becoming black-brown behind SM?®. Hind wing velvety black-brown, somewhat lighter apically ; abdominal margin golden yellow; fringe golden yellow from tornus to before M’*. Fore wing beneath dull chocolate-brown, rather darker basally ; a sma!l indistinct dark spot at end of cell; a row of minute yellow subterminal dots between the veins (smaller than those of plateni) ; fringe yellow. Hind wing beneath slightly darker, the abdominal region yellow about to M’, more or less heavily irrorated with dark brown at the junction of the two colours. N. Borneo, the type from Sandakan (4. L. Cook). Possibly the Borneo race of endoleuca, Guen. Has been misidentified as plateni, Pag. (compare Hmpsn., Cat. Lep. Phal. xi. p. 268). The true plateni, from Palawan, is very different and should form a separate section of the genus, with normally shaped ¢ hind wing (not elongate to tornus ; termen convex) ; the absence of yellow on the abdomen, presence of a golden-yellow terminal band on hind wing from tornus to R?, narrower yellow abdominal margin above, more extended yellow abdominal region of hind wing beneath, and pale yellow tornus of fore wing beneath, further distinguish the Palawan species. 170 Mr. L. B. Prout on 8. Nyctipao hieroglyphica tenebrata, subsp. n. 3 .—Differs from N. hieroglyphica in the complete absence of the pale postmedian markings on both surfaces of tlhe fore wing. ?.—Pale markings much reduced, especially on the underside ; subapical streak of fore wing very narrow. N. Borneo, type ¢ and allotype ? (Sandakan). Misidentified by Hampson as purpurata, Druce, but differing in the venation of the fore wing (see Hampson’s excellent classification in Cat. Lep. Phal. xii. p. 273 seq.) and shghtly in the hind wing. 9. Nyclipao alhicrustata, sp. n. 2 —1C0O mm. Head and body brown, the upperside of thorax strongly, of abdomen less strongly, darkened. Fore and middle legs predominantly deep brown. Fore wing with the colours and pattern arranged asin ¢ leucotenia, Guen. (Hmpsn., Cat. Lep. Phal. xii. t. cevii. f. 7), but less tinged with ochreous or reddish ; proximal area more uniformly dark, the antemedian line (often distinct in leucotenia) consequently almost entirely obsolete ; white band outside median line broad from SC to beyond R°* (5 mm. in cellule 7) ; subterminal white spots anteriorly placed further from termen, the series consequently forming a less acutely angulated line; the subcostal one considerably more elongate (anteriorly 8 mm.), the second also elongate (circ. 4 mm.), the rest moderate, wedge-shaped or triangular, posteriorly ill-defined. Hind wing with white subapical spot longitudinal, not oblique ; subterminal otherwise obsolescent, almost parallel with postmedian throughout. Fore wing beneath with the white submarginal spots greatly enlarged, as compared with those of lewcotenza, the first (as above) 8mm., the second and third larger than above, connected with an ill-defined pale shade proximally, those in cellules 5, 4, and 3 very large (9-10 mm.), the former two proximally reaching the median line. Hind wing beneath with the first white subterminal spot as above, the second moderate, the rest present but indistinct, forming a nearly straight line, in sharp contradistinction to the highly-angled one of leucotenia. Key Islands, Jan.—March 1916 (IW. J. C. Frost). Belongs to the same structure group as leucotenia, which also inhabits the Key Islands, but abundantly distinct. Moths in the Joicey Collection. 17k 10. Enmonodia villicosta, sp. n. 3 .—86 mm. Closely akin to pudens, Walk., of which it might be regarded as a local race. Coloration the same. Hair of hind tarsus only clothing the first joint (one hind leg only sound); that of pectus and femora brighter scarlet (in pudens more orange-ochreous, mixed or tinged with scarlet). Fore wing with the variable dark spot near base of M’ in both the known examples small, its longitudinal measure- ment exceeding the transverse. Hind wing with the almost straight median line showing behind R' a very slight tendency to curve inwards, not (as in pudens) outwards ; the postmedian dots rather nearer to and more uearly parallel with the median than is usual in pudens ; a rather distinct narrow dark border, as in feniseca, Guen., and lactiper, Hmpsn.; beneath with the long woolly hair occupying also the costal region. Mindanao, Philippines (Mounsey), type and another. As the androconial hairs of the hind wing are evidently liable to abrasion, it is just possible that bred specimens of pudens would show them also in the mid-costal region ; but many specimens have been examined (as also by Hampson) without revealing an indication of this. 1l. Speiredonia remota capitulifera, subsp. n. ¢ .—Differs from remota remota, Feld. (S. Moluccas to Aru) in having the median area of the fore wing darker, more uniform (in 7. remota distally fading out to nearly the ground-colour), the head of the comma-shaped mark reduced in size (about 3x15 mm.), entirely filled in with black. ; Hind wing with ceutral part blacker than in remota remota. Bankala, Celebes (J. C. van Hasselt). A @2 (“Celebes ex Marsden”), possibly representing a different race, is smaller (56 mm.), the fore wing with the discoidal mark not reduced, the median line interrupted by it, the postmedian approximated to it (thus occupying about the position of the median of remota remota), the subterminal less deeply dentate, the hind wing with the whitish sub- terminal line much more distally placed. Genus Lacorrera, Guen. Guenée’s note (Spec. Gén. Lép. vii. p. 223) on the short third joint of the male palpus holds in all the species 172 Mr. L. B. Prout on represented in the Joicey collection, and presumably through- out the genus. Snellen’s challenge of it (Tijd. v. Ent. XXvill. p. 11) was due to his erroneous composition of the genus, and it is curious that Hampson, who has purified it, has not noticed the palpal structure in more detail. 12. Lagoptera rubida velutina (Warr., MS.?), subsp. n. 2 —Differs from rubida rubida, Walk., as follows : Pectus much darker, strongly mixed with dark grey-brown. Fore wing with posterior spot of reniform stigma (not mentioned in Hampson’s description) much larger, nearly confluent with anterior spot, pale with dark centre ; anterior part of postmedian line more sharply defined; pale distal border of more uniform width nearly to tornus, then obliquely cut off, the ground-colour running to tornus. Hind wing with the blue-white band at least twice as broad (5 mm.), narrowing gradually at its extremities. Underside rather more smoky than in r. rubida. Arfak Mountains, Dutch New Guinea (Prat/), type and another, the type from Angi Lakes, 6000 feet, March 1914; the type labelled by Talbot “ Lagoptera rubida velutina Warr.,” which must be an unpublished name. Perhaps a separate species. 13. Lagoptera ochrobrunnea, Strand. Lagoptera inversa ab. ochrobrunnea, Strand, Arch. Nat. lxxix. A, (8) p- 71 (1914) (=ab. 1, Hmpsn., Cat. Lep. Phal. xii. p. 419). It was overlooked by Hampson that this is a perfectly distinct species, and the differentiation from true mversa, Walk. (=divirgata, Suell.), though just sufficient to give validity to Strand’s name, needs supplementing. g ?.—Size and nearly shape of znversa, distal margin of hind wing perhaps shghtly more irregular. Head and thorax more tinged with ochreous, pectus and underside of palpus clear ochreous. Abdomen rather paler, beneath more mixed with ochreous. Fore wing more ochreous-brown than in imversa ; subbasal line obsolete, except for the feeblest traces costally ; ante- median rather more proximally placed ; median area ample (8-10 mm. wide), containing in addition to the reniform a black proximal dot representing the orhicular ; distal area without pale line in front of R’; narrow pale terminal band rather broader and more variegated than in inversa. Hind wing with the bluish-white band much narrower and shorter than in inversa; wlnite patches on fringe more ochreous and more extended than in inversa. Moths in the Jotcey Collection. 173 Underside, excepting the apical and distal region of fore wing, rather paler than in znversa, on proximal part of hind wing more ochreous ; tornal fringe of fore wing pale ; fringe of hind wing as above. Penang, type in coll. British Museum. N. Borneo, both sexes in coll. Joicey. 13 a. Lagoptera ochrobrunnea nicanora, subsp. n. So 2? .—64-80 mm. Pectus and legs strongly suffused with smoke-colour or blackish. Fore wing more reddish than in the name-type, sometimes almost asin L, inversa; median area generally less broad than in ochrobrunnea ochrobrunnea, but with the postmedian line still running to hind margin, not (as in inversa) to subterminal line ; distal area with dark vein-streaks stronger and more diffused ; terminal area slightly broader, with the fine line at termen dentate, enclosing a whitish interneural dot in each tooth ; pale parts of fringe more clouded with smoky scales. Hind wing above blacker, with the thin white streak generally sharper. Underside darker, especially on fore wing. Dutch New Guinea: Wandammen Mtns., 3000-4000 feet, Nov. 1914 (4. H.dé F. Pratt), type and another g; Arfak Mtns., 4000 feet, Feb.—March 1909 (C. B. Pratt), 1g. Also from Sudest and Rossel Islands. Here belong further Hampson’s Dutch New Guinea records of “ inversa.’” Labelled by Talbot ‘ Lagoptera inversa nicanora, Warr.,’” which must be an unpublished name. 14, Anua subdiversa, sp. n. 3 .—64 mm. Head and thorax red-brown ; palpus black-brown, at base mixed with ochreous beneath; antennal shaft proximally white. Pectus and femora reddish ochreous; tibie and tarsi predominantly blackish. Abdomen light ochreous brown, dorsally suffused with dark grey. Fore wing red-brown, with scattered blackish irroration and with more or less strong dark leaden-grey suffusions, which leave freer the middle of the wing and a very ill- defined subterminal band; extreme costal edge ochreous proximally ; antemedian line indistinct, dark, distally pale- edged, sinuous and strongly oblique outwards to submedian woe we 174 Mr, L. B. Prout on fold, here angled, then oblique inwards to hind margin ; orbicular represented by a small dot, as in the allies ; reniform dark leaden-grey, with a few minute olive-whitish dots at its proximal posterior corner and two less minute dots (anterior and posterior) at its distal edge ; postmedian line nearly as in reducta—bicurved anteriorly, but less bent in front of SM? than in that species; subterminal nearly as in reducta, but better developed at costa, with a strong triangular black spot in cellule 6; subtornal olive-grey patch larger, tripartite (crossmg SM’); a row of pale dots close to termen. Hind wing with the rounded lobe strong; colour of xylochroa, but slightly more ochreous at costa and with stronger black clouding in distal part; a dark cell-dot discernible ; termen and fringe as in reducta. Fore wing beneath paler ochreous-grey proximally than in the allies, the costal margin more smoky, the dark reniform sharply expressed; dark distal border sharply expressed, 8-9 mm. in breadth, continued proximally, though less sharply expressed, behind M to near base. Hind wing beneath similar to that of reducta, but with cell-mark present and with the dark distal border obsolete posteriorly. Gambia (A Moloney). The ¢, from Friapere Forest, Coomassie, is similar above, though smaller, the fore wing with more uniform slate-grey suffusions, the hind wing darker; both wings beneath darker, the distal border of hind wing broader, complete. The species probably represents reducta (from Madagascar) in W. Africa, but in the absence of material from the intervening region I have not regarded it as a subspecies. It may be added that the group Stenopis, Mab. (=Sect. D. Hmpsn., Cap. Lep. Phal. xii. p. 451), embraces also david, Holl., and despecta, Holl., the hind wing being produced in the whole group; of david the 3 incoll. British Museum was damaged, of despecta Hampson knew only the 9; a” and “bh”? in Hmpsn. (pp. 451, 456) will therefore have to be merged. 15. Anua producta, Holl. This species is evidently somewhat variable, and it is very doubtful whether xylochroa, Druce, is anyt! ing more than a pale form of it, perhaps a Congo race. From Entebbe, Uganda, Mr. Joicey has a further form, or perhaps closely allied species, of a more reddish tone (particularly noticeable on the thorax and along posterior margin of fore wing), the Moths in the Joicey. Collection. Wa fore wing with less dark clouding, lines more sharply expressed, postmedian with the bends less deep, subterminal black markings in cellule 6 developed, terminal white dots obsolescent, underside paler proximally and especially between cell and the dark distal border. I provisionally name this Anua producta rubrescens, subsp. n. 16. Anua david, Holl. Probably also a rather variable species, recognizable in the ¢ by the bright ochreous hind wing beneath, in the ? generally by the bright ochreous fringes of the hind wing. Ina puzzlmg form from the Congo, however, which in the absence of the ¢ I provisionally refer to david, though it may probably prove a separate species, the fringes are more whitish ye'low (intermediate towards those of the white-fringed allies) ; further distinguished by having the antemedian line oblique inwards from one-fourth costa, right-angled at M, in david from nearer base (mainly vertical), the postmedian more deeply bicurved anteriorly and bluntly angled inwards at submedian fold. I name this form ? ab. camptogramma, ab. n. (? bon. sp.). A. hypoxantha, Umpsn. (Nov. Zool. xxv. p. 206), may well be an eastern race of david. 17. Anua violisparsa, sp. n. 3 2 .—65-70 mm. Face deep brown mixed with whitish, upper part with rufous ; vertex bright rufous. Palpus black-brown, some- what sprinkled (especially beneath) with whitish scales. Thorax above deep chocolate-brown, patagia and tegulz rufous ; pectus and femora paler, more ochreous, the tufts of hair in the @ here bright orange-ochreous. Abdomen dark above, paler beneath. Fore wing reddish chocolate irrorated with light violet scales, the irroration very sparse between postmedian and sub- terminal lines ; antemedian line very indistinct, apparently less acutely angled behind M than in the allies; a minute blackish dot in cell; a faint grey discoidal spot about as in reducta; postmedian indistinct, slightly violet-edged proximally, shaped nearly as in reducta or rather more wregular ; subterminal line fine, black, interrupted, irregu- larly dentate, rather deeply incurved in middle, generally swelling in cellule 6 into a more or less conspicuous black spot ; a less interrupted pale green line edging the sub- terminal distally, except at costal and posterior margins; 176 Mr. L. B. Prout on a strong though not sharply defined band of hght violet irroration in distal area, approximately parallel to the sub- terminal; terminal line reddish, inconspicuous, deeply crenulate, with a white dot at proximal extremity of each tooth, Hind wing dark grey-brown, with a very narrow mid- terminal area of violet irroration; a crenulate dark terminal line, in the distal interspaces of which the shading is pale violet or whitish, fringe with slight pale irroration but uowhere distinctly white. Fore wing beneath dull grey-brown, the base, costal edg», and broad distal margin darker. Hind wing beneath palest at the base, in the ¢ with the rest of the costal and a very broad apical region darkened, in the 2 with more than the distal half of wings darkened, the two shades in neither sex sharply defined. Bitje, Ja River, Cameroons, 2000 feet, wet season (G. L. Bates), type & (April- -March 1912) fal 3 2 2 (Oct.—Nov. 1918, and undated). Also a 2 from Entebbe, Uganda. Belongs to the group Stenopis. 18. Ercheia kebea borneensis, subsp. n. 2? .—46—-49 mm. Thorax and fore wing (especially distal part) paler and more ochreous than 1 in kebea kebea from New Guinea; tufts at end of “ patagia”’ still brighter ochreous. Hind wing \ess blackish than in ‘kebea kebea, with some ochreous-brown admixture. Underside much paler than in k. kebea, median band of hind wing twice indented behind middle. Bidi, Sarawak, 1907-08 (C. J. Brooks), 2 2 9. Perhaps the discovery of the ¢ will show this to be a separate species. The lobe on hind margin of fore wing is possibly less developed than in true kebea. Neither specimen shows any trace of the longitudinal line given by Hampson (Cat. Lep. Phal. xii. p. 483) as characteristic of the ?, but this is only aberrational in the sex. 19. Ercheia amena, sp. n. 2 .—50 mm. Head and thorax whitish grey, mixed with dark brown ; palpus ochreous-brown, mixed with dark brown; patagia and tegule red-brown, ‘mixed with white at edges. Meta- Sie. and abdomen abore darkened ; underside of body Moths in the Joicey Collection. Ti and legs mostly light ochreous-brown ; hair of fore tibia partly white. Hind tibial spines concealed (wanting ?). Fore wing with hind margin lobed and excised nearly as in kebea, termen evenly curved, feebly subcrenulate, thus transitional between Hampson’s two sections (Cat. Lep. Phal. Xli. pp. 483, 484); very variegated ; costal edge narrowly blackish, irregularly dotted with ochreous; costal area from base to postmedian line and a narrow area between post- median and subterminal lines predominantly of a warm brown; a broad central streak from base nearly to post- median and the terminal area predominantly vinaceous ; posterior region proximally darker, mottled (red-brown, purplish, and blackish), marked with a few green scales near hind margin; a large greenish (distally paler and yellower) blotch on hind margin proximally to the postmedian line, connected with a curved green line which anteriorly reaches M? at its extremities ; antemedian line obsolete; a minute dark dot in cell representing the orbicular ; a longitudinal thick dark line from this to the postmedian, crossing the reniform, which is indefinitely outlined in green with a whitish dot at its anterior and a minuter one at its posterior distal extremity ; postmedian line black, irregularly edged with greenish proximally, mostly very fire, at its extremities dentate, between R' and M’ strongly excurved; a large but ill-defined dark semicircular costal patch (shaded with blackish brown and purple) between the posimedian and subterminal; subterminal whitish, mixed with some green, blue, and yellowish scales, very fine and ill-defined anteriorly, fine and dentate between R* and submedian fold, then thicker, straighter, and whiter to hind margin close to tornus ; some irregular dark dots and dashes close to termen, obsolete auteriorly ; fringe olive-brown. Hind wing blackish fuscous, at costal margin pale and glossy; a narrow postmedian pale band indicated between R? and SM’, but not sharply defined; fringes ochreous, slightly darker proximally and with a small fuscous spot opposite R°. Both wings beneath fuscous, strongly mixed in proximal half with bright ochreous ; a slightly elongate dark cell-spot (best marked on hind wing) ; a narrow pale postmedian band, sharply edged proximally with dark fuscous ; fringes and part of termen light ochreous, the fringe with dark admix- ture ; distinct dark interneural dots close to termen. Arfak Mtns., Dutch New Guinea, 6000 feet, March 1910 (CO. Big: BOB: Pratt). 178 Mr. L. B. Prout on 20. Lrcheia latistria, sp. n. 2 .—55 mm. Head and body coloured as in sharply marked dubia, the white segmental lines of abdomen rather strong. Wings shaped as in dubia, or with the termen slightly more crenulate. Fore wing with the coloration and essential markings of dubia and cyllaria; probably equally variable; in the unique type the prominent dark markings are the “semi- circular”’ costal patch between submedian line and apex, the costal end of antemedian and median lines, and a thick black longitudinal streak behind cell and proximal part of M? from base nearly to postmedian line, here crossing M’ and continuing in cellule 2 to termen; postmedian line moderately distinct ; subterminal line weak; broad but ill- defined terminal clouding between R’ and tornus. Hind wing blackish fuscous, with clean white markings, similar to those of guadriplaga, Walk., but broader. Underside as in the most sharply marked forms of dubia, the basal part of both wings being predominantly white ; cell-spot of hind wing smaller than in most dudva. Gilolo, 1904. Perhaps a local race of dubia, in which case quadriplaya aud cyllaria may also belong to the same protean species. 21. Achea cyanobathra, sp. n. 3 .—47 mm. Head and body dark brown, the abdomen darker dorsally ; pectus and hair of femora and tibiz partly more ochreous ; bases and tips of spines and narrow rings at ends of tarsal j ints also pale. Fore wing dark brown with very strong purple gloss (in the proximal area somewhat darker and much bluer, in the narrow terminal area wanting); a faint curved pale subbasal line from costa to SM’; antemedian line 6 mm. from base at both margins, almost straight, slightly waved, little paler than the ground-colour ; a weak dark spot representing the orbicular stigma; reniform nearly as in intercisa, Walk., but less conspicuous on the darker ground; postmedian line feeble, apparently formed as in leucopera, Druce, the veins beyond it with slight pale dashes; a dark double sub- terminal line slightly nearer the termen than in leucopera aud wanting the apical ornamentation of that species; a crenulate dark terminal line ; fringe with slender pale line at base and a less sharply defined one in middle. Moths in the Joicey Collection. 13, Hind wing blackish brown, with golden-yellow apical patch formed about as the white patch of lewcopera. Fore wing beneath dark brown, somewhat varied with paler brown proximally; reniform large, dark, immediately followed by an ill-defined oblique ochreous band which ends ina rather large tornal patch; a slightly curved dark postimedian line, crossing the ochreous band but not reaching hind margin ; a few minute ochreous costal dots between postmedian and subterminal ; subterminal distinct from costa to R”’, slightly bent outwards at SC’; terminal area pale from costa to R’. Hind wing beneath dark brown with darker discoidal spot, curved median line, thick but ill-defined postmedian line (placed rather further from the median than in leucopera, at least posteriorly), and hght ochreous-brown apical patch corresponding to the yellow patch of upperside, but contain- ing dark brown irroration and crenulate terminal line thickened into dots on the folds. Bitje, Ja River, Cameroons, 2000 feet, April-May 1912, wet season (G. L. Bates). May be placed next to intercisa, Walk., but probably really much nearer leucopera, in spite of the considerable superficial differences. 22. Achea jamesoni, sp. n. 9 .—64 mm. Head and body light brown, mixed (especially abdomen) with grey. Fore wing rather light brown, from base nearly to post- median line with violaceous reflections; antemedian dark line indistinct, from scarcely beyond one-fourth costa, somewhat oblique outwards to cell, then less oblique, slightly sinuate to hind margin at about 8 mm. from base ; reniform chiefly indicated by dark spots at its anterior and posterior extremity ; median shade almost obsolete, excurved beyond cell ; a white costal patch near apex, clouded, except at its edges, with light tawny brown, relatively larger and narrower than that of maddllii, Saalm., its distal edge markedly indented at SC°; postmedian line crenulate, arising from posterior margin of costal patch, more nearly parallel with termen than in madillii, slightly bordered with whitish and ferruginous scales distally, a rather larger, ferruginous, white-edged spot developing at fold; no subterminal line; termen very narrowly shaded with pale violaceous except at extremities ; faint traces of dark terminal line. Hind wing grey-brown, darkest in distal part, especially 180 Mr. L. B. Prout on anteriorly ; a small white apical patch, terminating at SC’, where it attains a measurement of 3 mm. Fore wing beneath coloured much as in madilliz, subapical patch much more irrorated (in the paratype obsolescent) , post- median line from R* onwards almost parallel with termen, a dentate whitish subterminal indicated from costa to R', 3-4 mm. from termen, a conical white blotch from tornus obliquely to M*. Hind wing beneath with weak dark cell- spot and curved median and postmedian lines and with traces of a dentate whitish subterminal. Congo, Inkissi (Nkissi) River, Nkalama Falls, 18 April, 1887 (Jameson), ex coll. Druce, wrongly identified by Druce (Jameson’s ‘Story of the Rear Column,’ p. 450) as illustrata, Walk. A damaged ¢ from Fantee, Gold Coast, also mentioned by Druce, likewise belongs here. The date of the type-specimen, correctly given as 18 April on the label, and confirmed from Jameson’s itinerary (p. 24), is misquoted “18 August” on p. 450. Allied to mabillii, but very distinct in the differently shaped non-latticed subapical patch, much straighter post- median line, lack of white basal dot, ete. 23. Achea ministra, sp. n. 3 ¢ .—69-78 mm. Near serva, Fabr., with which it has hitherto been confounded. Palpus of ¢ with third joint much longer, over one-half as long as second. Fore wing with the markings and general coloration of the darker forms of serva, the blue-purple reflections and black-brown terminal clouding almost always strong; fringe from near apex to M? pale buff, thus lighter (generally very much lighter) than in serva. | Hind wing with the interrupted oblique blue-white median band narrower than in serva, apical white spot generally smaller. Underside darker than in serva, the whitish postcellular patch of fore wing smaller. Dutch New Guinea: Wandammen Mtns., 3000-4000 feet, November 1914 (A. HE. & F. Pratt), type and another and allotype 9? ; Arfak Mtns. (Pratt); Upper Setekwa and near Octakwa River (Meek). Key Islands, Dec. 1915- March 1916 (W. J. C. Frost). Most of Hampson’s serva ab. | (purpurascens, Strand, Arch. Nat. Ixxix. A, (8) p. 73) belong to this species, but one or two, including the type-specimen, are dark aberrations of serva. Moths in the Jotcey Collection. 181 Rather variable, some forms superficially recalling eusciata, Hmipsn., but with the first jot of mid-tarsus not fringed above. “ In the type-form there are strong bright ferru- ginous shades proximally to the antemedian line between cell and hind margin, and again near tornus, but these vary much in intensity and are sometimes entirely obsolete. In Hampson’s figure of the palpus of “ serva” (Cat. Lep. Phal. xn. p. 521, fig. 123), the third joint is shown about twice as long as it appears in the fully-clothed palpus of true serva, but not quite as long as in the allies. As the figure of the entire insect does not belong here (see infra), it is not improbable that the anatomical details were also drawn from one of the allies; but, in any case, the importance of absolute precision in dealing with the palpi of this group was evidently underestimated. 24. Achaea pentasema, sp. n. (prec. subsp. ?). 3 2 .—72-82 mm. Likewise similar to serva, but with the ¢ palpus of the preceding species. Fore wing ochreous to red-brown, the purple gloss weak or wanting ; markings as in serva and ministra, the dark cloudings of terminal area rarely very strong; reniform stigma commonly (as in some serva) obsolete, except for the anterior and posterior black dots; postmedian line in the type shaped as in serva, in other examples less sharply bent at R'; fringe pale, but rarely as pale as in ministra. Hind wing with all five spots sharply expressed, the terminal one near tornus broader and much better defined than in either of the allies (also better defined beneath). Underside nearly as in the lighter and more variegated forms of serva, the blackish distal suffusion between post- median line and tornus of fore wing always strong. New Caledonia (Layard), type g. Also “ Ueva, New Caledonia ” (? Uvea), 13, Laucala, Fiji, 1 2 , Suva, Viti Levu, 2 2 9, all in coll. Joicey. Lifu and Friendly Islands in coll. Brit. Mus. Figured by Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal. xii. p. 521, fig. 123, as Serva, : 25. Achea dmoé, sp. un. 3 2? .—56-60 mm. Head, thorax, and base of abdomen yellowish brown, sometimes with a rufous tinge ; abdomen otherwise strongly Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. iti. 13 182 Mr. L. B. Prout on mixed with dark grey, the anal tuft pale; pectus and venter pale grey. Fore wing moderately broad, costa curved towards the apex, which is minutely faleate, termen otherwise more couvex than in mercatoria, Fabr.; light yellow-brown or red-brown, with strong vinaceous reflections—at least, in median area; distal area and costal edge generally more yellow; a aviide dot close to base; Paes grey or blackish; subbasal faint and interrupted, obsolete posteriorly ; antes median fine, oblique, slightly crenulate, especially in anterior part 5 median rather thick, almost straight, pu proximad int front of C, placed beyond middle of wing ; postmedian fine, finely crenulate- dentate, slightly angled at PR ; orbicular stigma represented by a black dot about 2 mm. from ante- median line, reniform by an anterior and a posterior black dot, 2 or 38 mm. inside median shade, with a weaker dot more proximally placed between them ; a small pale violet- grey or somewhat vinaceous apical patch ; a row of minute paired interneural dots (proximally black, distally white) close to termen. Hind wing dusky greyish-ochreous, becoming almost black distally between costa and M? and with more irregular blackish admixture near tornus; a small whitish apical spot; an ill-lefined light ochreous-brown band beyond middle, from Kk! or R? towards tornus, interrupted posteriorly ; a light brown terminal patch towards tornus; fringe (with extreme termen) whitish from before R! to behind R’, otherwise brown. Fore wing beneath light brown, violet-grey along costa and part of termen, somewhat clouded in cell and behind proximal half of M?; cell-spot large, crescentic, black, touching the faint median shade; postmedian black, forming a very slight regular curve ; a large black blotch beyond this, mainly be- tween R? and M’; traces of a pale crenulate subterminal line; minute admarginal dots nearly as above, but with whitish shading proximally. Hind wing beneath pale grey, more brownish costally and apically than posteriorly ; a sharp black cell-dot, which sometimes shows through on upperside ; three (usually in part ill-defined) brown lines beyond, the second and third dentate, the latter ending in a dark spot close to tornus; admarginal dots nearly as on fore wing; fringe warm brown except about the radials, posteriorly in dark- marked specimens fuscous. Central Madagascar, 2500 feet, Jan—March 1911 (F. B. Pratt),,4 3 3,2 322 Differs from mercatoria, Fabr., in shape, in straight median Moths in the Joicey Collection. 183 line of fore wing, less irregular postmedian and more ochreous hind wing, marked more as in faver, Holl. Rather variable in colour and especially in the strength of the markings; an aberration in which the antemedian lines are weak and the median shade strong and black may be named ab. unilinea, ab. n. 26. Achea cymatias, sp. D. & .—77-80 mm. Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreous-brown, above darker. Palpus with third joint rather short. Antenna almost simple ; mid-tarsus without hair ; first and second joints of hind tarsus fringed with hair above. Fore wing warm brown (ochreous mixed with dark olivaceous brown), between antemedian and median lines much paler, strongly overlaid with violaceous, in distal area variegated ; antemedian line fine, almost straight, from one- third costa to two-fifths hind margin, whitish-edged distally ; reniform narrow, crescentic, darkest and thickest at its ends, placed midway between antemedian and median ; median line gently excurved in anterior part, incurved in posterior; postmedian from two-thirds costa to four-fifths hind margin, strongly bicurved (outwards between R* and M’, inwards between M! and hind margin), dark-shaded proximally and edged by a fine white or whitish line distally; distal area whitish violaceous near the postmedian line and in an ill-defined oblique shade from middle of subterminal to termen about fold, narrowly darkened at termen from this point to near apex, otherwise mostly olive-brownish; an oblique blackish shade from apex towards outer lobe of postmedian; faint traces of zigzag whitish subterminal line; a black dot at fold close to termen ; terminal dark line ill-defined ; fringe with a pale line at base and a second beyond middle. Hind wing more fuscous ; an indistinct slightly curved oblique pale median line; very faint indications of other pale lines or shades distally ; ; a whitish apical spot ; termen and fringe nearly as on fore wings, the fringe paler anteriorly than posteriorly. Both wings beneath “grey-brown with crescentic cell-mark (on hind wing rounder), curved median and crenulate postmedian line and vague pale crenulate subterminal, accompanied proximally by a dark shade; terminal area paler, especially in distal half, which contains a row of small interneural black dots. Bitje, Ja River, Cameroons, 2000 feet (Bates), 3 ¢ g, the 13% 184 Mr. L. B. Prout on type taken in 1915, the other two labelled “dry season” but not dated. Perhaps a race of hypopolia, Hmpsn. (Nov. Zool. xxv. p- 208), from British Central Africa. Fore wing with ante- median Jine more upright, postmedian more deeply bisinuate, and with violet shade in median area; hind wing with white apical spot. 27. Achea indistincta, Walk. This species, of which the type is in coll. Joicey, has been sunk by Hampson (Cat. Lep. Phal. xii. p. 538) to adblunaris, Guen. On account of the broader dark border of the hind wing (two-fifths of length of wing, against two-sevenths in ablunaris), combined with more angulated postmedian line on underside of both wings, it seems likely that it is really a separate species. Costa Rica to Bogota. 28. Parallelia valga, sp. n. ? .—58 mm. Head and body coloured as in rigidistria, Guen.; palpus with third joint considerably shorter than in the ? of that species, less than one-third as long as second joint. Fore wing coloured as in the lighter forms of rigidistria ; subbasal line as in that species ; antemedian arising some- what further from base, strongly incurved between SC and base of M?’, strongly oblique outwards to hind margin near median line ; median line slightly interrupted outward near costa; postmedian line much less deeply crenulate than in rigidistria, with a single angle at R* ; indications of a dark line from this angle to apex; subterminal further from termen, the dark shading beyond it rather weak ; fringe light brown. Hind wing with termen rather fuller near tornus than in riyidistria; less clouded with blackish; pale postmedian line wanting ; tornal pale mark weak. Underside rather paler than in most rigidistria ; fore wing with the median -line obsolete, postmedian extremely weak, arising further from termen than in rigidistria, apparently deeply incurved so as to reach postmedian angle of cell; hind wing with cell-dot replaced by a weak comma, median ~and postmedian lines approximated, especially posteriorly, the latter scarcely crenulate, subterminal chiefly shown by three or four weak yellowish spots in anterior part. Khasia Hills (Nissary). Or Moths in the Joicey Collection. 18 29. Parallelia isotima, sp. n. 3 ? .— 29-36 mm. Head and front of thorax yellowish brown; rest of thorax and abdomen brown-grey, the latter somewhat darkened dorsaily. Fore leg (as in humilis, Holl.) somewhat darkened, the tarsal joints more markedly pale at the extremities than in that species. Fore wing shaped and marked almost exactly as in humilis, more glossy, paler (especially at termen), olivaceous tinge rather more noticeable, postmedian line more decidedly incurved from R’, thus forming an acuter angle at that vein. Hind wing slightly less dark than in Aumilis, narrowly slightly paler at termen in posterior half; beneath with more extended white or whitish shading in terminal area (wanting in Aumilis). Bitje, Ja River, Cameroons, 2000 feet (G. LZ. Bates),53 3, 4 2? 9. Also one from the same source in coll. Brit. Mus. Apart from the smaller size and the distinctions above noted, isotima differs in having the genitalia smaller, more symmetrical (the right arm in humilis truncated), the penis differently shaped, ete. 30. Parallelia curvisecta (Warr., MS. ?), sp. n. So ?.—50-54 mm. Similar to interpensa, Guen. Whitish lines on patagia and tegulz better developed. Fore wing with basal area concolorous with proximal part of median; subbasal white half-line well developed ; ante- median line curved, parallel or nearly parallel with median. Hind wing paler beneath, especially in abdominal region. Dutch New Guinea: Wandammen Mountains, 3000-4000 feet, November, 1914 (A. C. § F. Pratt), type g and allotype ? ; Arfak Mountains. Labelled by Talbot “ Parallelia curvisecta, Warr.,” which must be an unpublished name. 31. Parallelia euryleuca, sp. n. 3 .—70 mm. Palpus with third joint short ; head brown; thorax light brown; antennal shaft white proximally. Abdomen pale yellow-grey beneath, dark-mixed dorsally except at ends of segments ; anal tuft strong, tinged with light brown. Fore wing lighter brown than in the allies (crameri, Moore, etc.), with a faint olivaceous tinge; some violet-grey 185 Mr. L. B. Prout on irroration near base and at termen; basal area 9 mm. at costa, 10 mm. at hind margin, the straight white line which bounds it consequently less oblique than in cramer? ; a broad white median band very slightly irrorated in its proximal half with brownish ; in the middle almost 6 mm. in width, broadening slightly at hind margin and slightly more at costa, its distal boundary being very gently curved ; post- median line slender, white, oblique outwards from costa 10 mm. before apex, right-angled at R!, then oblique inwards, scarcely appreciably incurved in posterior part; a slight pale line from angle of postmedian. to apex; distal area beyond these lines paler than the ground-colour; a sheht dark dot on fold close to termen, with a weaker dark spot proximal to it between M? and fold; terminal line slight and slender ; a pale line at base of fringe: Hind wing concolorous ; median white band less sharply bounded, 5 mm. wide anteriorly, tapering posteriorly ; terminal region marked as in crameri. Underside yellow-grey, the fore wing paler and more glossy posteriorly ; fore wing with proximal area very slightly dark-shaded, median line obsolescent, postmedian curved anteriorly, followed by some brown shading, which contains the pale subterminal line and an ill-defined blackish blotch between R* and fold, a narrow distal shade of violct- grey ; hind wing with faint angulated median, waved post- median, and dentate pale subterminal, the latter placed on weak dark shading, space between median and postmedian lines more yeliowish grey than the rest of the wing; both wings with the cell-dot of erameri obsolete. Sandakan, N.. Borneo (Pryer). Larger and paler than crameri, with differently shaped markings and much more feebly marked underside. 32. Parallelia adunca, sp. n. 9? .—86 mm. Head and thorax light brown ; abdomen more greyish, underside paler. Palpus mcderate, with third joint nearly half as long as second. Wings shaped and marked nearly as in erectata, Hmpsn , of which it may be a subspecies. Fore wing light ochreous-brown with slight darker suffusions (especially in distal half of median area), but less reddish than in evectata; a slender waved subbasal dark line from costa to SM’; antemedian line blackish, thickened except at extremities, finely pale-edged distally, very slightly sinuous, more vertical than in erectata; cell-mark grey, Moths in the Joicey Collection. 187 lunular; median line grey, sinuous, excurved beyond cell- mark, incurved at fold ; postmedian line black, produced to an acute angle outwards at R!, then somewhat crenulate, bent inwards at submedian fold; a narrow paler band beyond the postmedian, faiutly bisected from R! to hind margin; a large black subapical dot as in erectata ; apical dark mark minute and not strong; terminal line fine, crenulate, grey, not very conspicuous except in a black dot at fold. Hind wing similar to that of erectata, but more weakly marked. Underside pale grey tinged with yellow-brown, very feebly marked ; cell-dots obsolete ; postmedian indicated, at costa slightly pale-edged distally ; a crenulate pale subterminal line indicated on hind wing. Cameroons (Watkins). 33. Tolnaodes dasynota calocraspeda, subsp. n. 3 2 .—Fore wing in general less reddish than in dasynota dasynota from Colombia, Venezuela, and French Guiana, with darker clouding in distal area; fringe above, as well as beneath, white between the folds of cellules 4 and 5 and again before (and sometimes also behind) M’. Hing wing dark, in general with the subtornal markings less prominent. Peru and Ecuador; the type and another ¢ from Santo Domingo, S.E. Peru, 6000 feet, November 1904 (G. Ocken- den); @ 2 from Kio Pastaza, E. Ecuador, 3500-4900 feet (G. Palmer), and Rio Tabaconas, N. Peru, 6000 feet (A. H. el. Prat). Subfamily Hresrvm (Noctuine, Hmpsn.). 34. Melapera roastis, Hmpsn. This interesting species, a genotype, was described (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) i. p. 488) from a single ? from Foret d’Ambre, Madagascar. A ¢@ in the Joicey collection (Fort Carnot, Tananarivo dist.) is smaller, 52 mm., the fore wing yellow, suffused with pink, becoming pink basally and posteriorly and with shadowy pale pink markings, namely, a roundish spot in cell, another at base of R?-M?, a smaller one anterior to this, and a subterminal row of smaller inter- neural ones about 4 mm. from termen, that in cellule 6 slightly displaced distad ; the hind wing with strong red hair in abdominal region. ‘The generic characters do not need amplification except 188 Mr. L. B. Prout on to add that the antenna is bipectinate to apex, the branches rather long, shortening suddenly at apical end, and that vein C of the hind wing does not anastomose with cell in the middle, but is connected with a bar as in the Aganaide, -with which the genus seems to show some affinity. Subfamily razz. 35. Hyblea joiceyt, sp. n. 3 .— 46 mm. Head and palpus purple-fuscous, palpus beneath whitish proximally. Thorax chocolate-brown ; beneath paler, variegated with whitish and yellowish anteriorly, with reddish posteriorly. Abdomen above fleshy greyish; beneath mostly red, with a dark central line. Fore leg with gold- yellow tuft on coxa, femur white, tibia above brown, tarsus blackish ; middle and hind legs predominantly red. Fore wing not very broad, costal margin not strongly arched (very slightly waved), termen almost straight and rather oblique from apex to M1, somewhat excised between M! and tornus: chocolate-brown, slightly variegated in the shadings, almost throughout with irregularly scattered dots and small spots of greenish white; faint indications of an elongate dark apical streak. Hind wing scarlet-vermilion, unmarked ; abdominal margin with tufts of very long yellowish hair; fringe yellowish, from apex nearly to R! proximally infuscated. Fore wing beneath red-orange, becoming infuscated midway between cell and termen, darker at extreme margin; costal margin dotted with fuscous ; hind margin pale; arosy patch in submedian area ; an elongate dark cell-mark. Hind wing beneath orange-red with coarse purple-fuscous speckling, which in distal area is condensed into an ill-defined cloud ; between fold and abdominal margin clear red, as above. Isle of Mioswar, Geelvink Bay, North Dutch New Guinea, September 1909 (C. & F. Pratt). Near ibidias, Turn. (Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, xxvii. 135), but larger, the wings slightly narrower ; further distinguished by the pale-spotted fore wing and even brighter red, entirely unmarked hind wing. 36. Hyblea puera vitiensis, subsp. n. 6,40 mm.; °, 36 mm. Abdomen beneath wholly red. Fore wing above with strong purple shades (but evidently variable, as in the other forms). Moths in the Jorcey Collection. 189 Hind wing above with the orange markings entirely bright red, at most with a few orange scales in middie of anterior margin of central band; beneath brighter red than in the other forms, scarcely irrorated and not clouded with purple- fuscous, not mixed with yellow between M? and abdominal margin ; basal area, on the other hand, gold-yellow. Suva, Viti Levu (Woodford), type. New Hebrides. Family Geometridae. Subfamily Srerrar. 37. Scopula hesycha, sp. n. 6 .—27 mm. Face black-brown. Vertex whitish, narrowly black-edged behind. Antennal joints scarcely projecting, ciliation scarcely longer than diameter of shaft. Collar ochreous. Thorax and abdomen concolorous with wings. Hind tarsus well under one-half the length of tibia. Wings shaped nearly as in delitata, Prout, the bend at R# of hind wing slightly more noticeable. Fore wing slightly more brownish than in delitata, the irroration being equally fine and close but slightly darker ; markings as in delitata, but slightly less weak, the whitish subterminal line standing out rather more sharply, a little recalling that of d:falsaria, Prout ; terminal dots even more minute than in de/tata, only discernible in anterior part or wholly wanting ; fringe nct irrorated. Hind wing with corresponding markings ; terminal dots wanting. Fore wing beneath with rather strong reddish-smoky suffusions in and beyond cell, leaving the posterior and distal areas pale, the costal edge narrowly ochreous ; cell-dot present ; median shade weak; postmedian line well deve- loped ; a fine terminal line. Hind wing beneath whiter ; cell-dot minute, scarcely noticeable; postmedian line faiut ; terminal line obsolescent, except as interneural dots. Chang Yang, Central China, June 1888 (4. E. Pratt), type in coll. Joicey ; paratypes, June and July, in coll. Brit. Mus. Moupin, W. China, June 1890 (Kricheldorf), a rather larger, rather more brownish 32, in coll. Joicey. Nearest delitata, but with shorter hind tarsus and antennal ciliation. 38. Scopula scialophia, sp. n. S .—22 mm. Closely like the less variegated forms of fibulata, Guen., 190 On Moths in the Joicey Collection. from Ceylon and S. India. Antennal ciliation slightly longer. Hind leg formed nearly as in cleoraria, Walk., and its form (?) efrenata, Walk. (both wrongly sunk by Hampson under fibulata), i. e., with the tarsus relatively much shorter than in fibulata, less than one-half as long as the tibia. A large tuft of rather glossy, distally darkened hair at base of abdomen beneath. Fore wing with the irroration rather less black than in fibulata, median shade not very diffuse, postmedian line rather less sharply angulated at R', terminal line not continuous, not running round apex. Khasia Hills, type (Nissary) ; paratype in coll. British Museum. Smaller than cleoraria and effrenata, antennal joiuts less projecting, the tuft at base of abdomen distinctive. Family Mgeriide. Subfamily derriw Zz. 39. Homogyna spadicicorpus, sp. n. ¢.—25 mm. Face black in middle, white at sides. Palpus with first joint black; second joint above and beneath mostly white, the fringes of hair on both sides black; third joint mostly white. Postorbital rim white. Vertex light ochreous- brown. Thorax above glossy black, with slight blue reflec- tions and with a narrow band of light blue in front; a large red shoulder-spot, in certain lights shot with violet. Abdomen above bright chestnut (in some lights with slight violet reflections), the segments narrowly ringed with black anteriorly, with whitish posteriorly : : underside as far as the third sternite black with blue reflections, fourth sternite white, fifth to seventh white with anterior klack border; anal tuft above blue-black, beneath orange-ochreous. Legs black with blue gloss, the fore coxa, hair-tufts, spurs, and narrow rings at ends of tarsal joints predominantly white. Fore wing black, in some lights brown-black, in some lights with bluish or greenish gloss, especially along the margins. Hind wing vitreous, the veins, cell-mark, costal and distal margins, and fringes concolorous with fore wing. Source of Karungu River, N.E. Rhodesia, December 1916 (S. A. Barns). Nearcst to sanguicosta and alhicincta, Himpsn. Descriptions and Records of Bees. 191 XIV.—Descriptions and Records of Bees—UXXXIV. By T. D. A. Cocxrersty, University of Colorado. Tux Indian bees recorded below were received from Mr. T. V. Ramakrishna Ayyar, Government Entomologist of Madras, and were collected by him, except when the contrary is stated. Crocisa smithii, Dalla Torre. Coorg, Sidhapur, Rockhill, 3500 ft., April 23-26. This was described from ‘Bombay, Sumatra, Borneo.’’ Bombay is herewith desiguated as the type-locality. Crocisa ramosella, sp. 0. ? —Length 105 mm. The hair-spots white, not at all tinged with blue. Super- ficially appearing identical with C. ramosa, Lep., from France, but differing thus: flagellum longer, the middle joints longer than wide; posterior spots on mesothorax much larger; scutellum much more finely punctured, and much more deeply excised posteriorly, its margin W-like ; transverse bands at sides of first two abdominal segments broader. In the flagellum this resembles the Arabian C. fullibilis, Kohl, but the scape is not longer than in ramosa, and fallibilis has the scutellum as in ramosa. Chittoor, April 19-27, 1913. Crocisa albolateralis, sp. 0. ¢ .—Length 12 mm. Robust, with pure white markings. Very close to C. ramosella, but larger, with a tuft of white hair on the scutellum at the emargination (in addition to the white hair projecting from beneath the emargination, which is present in both) ; inner sides of scutellar lobes shallowly but very distinctly emarginate about the middle; patch of white hair on pleura considerably larger ; hind tibiz with more white hair; transverse bands on first abdominal segmeut narrowing mesad, subacute, thus quite different from those on second, which are very obtuse, with the upper edge con- eave (in ramosella the bands are nearly the same on the two segments) ; second abdominal segment lcss closcly pune- tured, and with the basal half greenish. Kurnool District, Tippanur, Aug. 16, 1913. 192 Mite De nA. Cockerell— Descriptions and Crocisa reductula, sp. n. ? .—Length 11 mm. With pure white markings. Also similar to C. ramosella, but more slender, and also differing thus: anterior meso- thoracic spots a little broader than long (conspicuously longer than broad in ramosella) ; a very small spot instead of a stripe on each lateral margin of mesothorax ; emargina- tion of scutellum forming a much wider angle; first two abdominal segments with strong purple tints on basal half ; ' transverse extension of marks at sides of first segment short aud pointed ; third and fourth segments with only spots placed some distance from the lateral margins, fifth with a pair of large round spots placed more laterally ; last ventral segment conspicuously produced ; white hair on outer side of hind tibize confined to basal half. Bababuddin Hills, Mysore, 4700 ft., June 1, 1915. Crocisa ramakrishne, sp. n. ? .—Length about 12 mm. With very pale blue markings, which are not shining, Median stripe of mesothorax long, extending to front margin; anterior lateral spots rather small, longer than broad; lateral margins with complete stripes, very narrow posteriorly ; posterior spots of mesothorax pyriform, pointed mesad ; scutellum without spots, shining, sparsely punctured, the hind margin W-like, a tuft of white hair beneath the emargination ; mesopleura with a large hairless coarsely punctured space in middle; anterior wings fuliginous ; tibiz and basitarsi with bluish-white hair on outer side, hardly going beyond middle on hind tibie. Abdomen with very broadly interrupted blue bands, the basal band of first segment narrow, and rather narrowly interrupted ; pygidial plate with a weak keel not reaching its base. In my table in ‘ Entomologist,’ 1910, p. 217, this runs to C. decora, Smith, which has a broad basal band on first abdominal segment, and is otherwise quite distinct. It also fails to find a place in the tables of Friese and Bingham, and is uulike any described Indian species. Type from Marudamalai, Coimbatore, S. India, 2000 fi., Aug. 18, 1912. Another is from Coorg Sanivarsandai, Hansey Estate, 4000 ft., April 29-30, 1913. Anthophora subinsularis (Strand). Bangalore, 3000 ft., May 8, 1913. Strand described this as a variety of A. insularis, Smith, Records of Bees. 193 because it seemed to differ somewhat from Bingham’s description. It is apparently quite distinct from the true insularis, which was described from Sarawak. It is closely related to A. vigilans, Smith, having quite the same appearance. Xylocopa sigiriana (Cockerell). ?. Bababuddin Hills, Mysore, 4700 ft., June 1, 1915. Described as a subspecies of X.amethystina, but evidently a distinct species. Xylocopa ignita, Smith. 2. Dodabetta, Nilgiris, 8000 ft., May 1-3, 1916. Larger than the last, with longer second submarginal cell. This does not quite agree with Maidl’s description, but I think it is Smith’s ignita. Possibly two or more closely related species have been coufused under this name. Hypanthidium salemense, sp. n. 3. (Type.)—Length about 11 mm., anterior wing 8°5. Black, with cream-coloured markings, the pubescence very scanty, pure white ; femora with a red stripe on upper side, and hind femora largely reddish behind ; first abdo- minal segment with a short red stripe on each side basally ; mandibles elongate; antenne entirely black; front and vertex very densely punctured; mesothorax and scutellum very densely and strongly punctured ; scutellum prominent, sharp-edged, rounded, emarginate in middle; tegule punc- tured, smooth in middle. Wings dilute fuliginous ; second recurrent nervure going far beyond end of second sub- marginal cell; hair on inner side of tarsi orange; spurs red; no pulvilli; seventh abdominal segment very broadly rounded, with a keel down the middle, the hind margin might be called truncate ; segments 3 to 6 with lateral teeth, that on 3 small. The pale markings are as follows: mandibles (except apex), clypeus (except narrow lower margin), rest of face except large black triangular area above clypeus, a stripe mesad of each antenna, an elongate mark below middle ocellus, a finger-like extension along each anterior orbit to level of middle ocellus, a broad band on upper part of each cheek, and two elongate spots on occiput, ends of tubercles, L-shaped marginal stripe on each side of meso- thorax, axille, large mark on mesopleura, two crescentic marks on each tegula, broad stripe on under side of anterior and middle femora, long stripe on anterior and middle and 194 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and short (basal) one on hind tibie, two large marks on each side of first six abdominal segments, on first oblong, on second and third long and transverse, on the others shorter, that on sixth square. ? .—Length a little over 8 mm. Ventral scopa pale yellowish ; clypeus black, with a large light spot near/each lower corner; sixth abdominal segment with only minute light dots. Salem, 8. India, Dec. 2-18, 1914. By its characters, this falls in the American genus Hypanthidium, but it is a very distinct form. The end of the abdomen recalls that of Anthidium pulchellum, Klug. Dianthidium ramakrishne, sp. n. 2 .—Length about 6°35 mm. Head, thorax, and abdomen black, with cream-coloured markings as follows: large spot on mandibles, clypeus, large triangular lateral face-marks (the inner part of each formed by a lateral spot on supraclypeal area), stripes on cheeks, reaching sides of occiput, band on mesothorax above each tegula (not reaching anterior corners of mesothorax), end of tubercles, spot on axille, narrowly interrupted band on scutellum, spot at each side of first abdominal segment, very broadly interrupted band on second, less broadly inter- rupted band on third, one very narrowly interrupted on fourth, and that on fifth only emarginate anteriorly in middle, sixth segment with a transverse oblong patch. Head and thorax very densely and finely punctured ; flage:- lum dark chestnut-red beneath ; pubescence of head and thorax very scanty, white ; tegule large, closely punctured, with a pallid mark in front. Wings dusky ; femora bright ferruginous ; anterior tibiz black with a pale stripe on outer side, red on inner; middle tibiz similarly marked, but hind ones with only the apical part red on inner side ; tarsi mainly dark, but the very broad hind basitarsi pale yellowish on outer side; hair on inner side of tarsi ferrugi- nous ; ventral scopa very pale yellowish. The hind tibiz are very robust. Bababuddin Hills, Mysore, 4700 ft., June 1, 1915. Related to D. rasorium (Anthidium rasorium, Smith), but without the abundant white pubescence, and differing in the details of coloration. Records of Bees. 195 Parevaspis carbonaria (Smith). Coimbatore District, Bailur Forests, Nov. 238-28; Chit- toor, April 19-27. Ceralina canarensis, sp. Ni. 9 .—Length 10 mm. Black, with bright vellow markings on head and thorax as follows: very broad band down middle of clypeus, with a short truncate projection on each side at lower end ; low and broadly triangular supraclypeal mark; very broad bands along inner orbits, extending across to borders of clypeus and ‘supraclypeal area; two spots below ocelli; cheeks, except uppermost part adjacent to eye; border of prothorax, not reaching tubercles; tubercles; very broad vertical band on pleura; two lines on disc of mesothorax, and short broad lateral bands above tegule ; scutellum and axille, except extreme base ; line on postscutellum ; and metathorax except basal area. Eyes dark olive-green ; mandibles dark apically, otherwise pale yellow suffused with red; flegellum very obscure reddish beneath; meso- thorax polished and impunctate on disc, but anteriorly dull and finely punctured ; tegule rufo-testaceous with a small yellow spot. Wings dusky, stigma and nervures piceous. Legs obscure reddish, anterior knees and tibie yellow suffused with reddish. Abdomen with the first three seg- ments dark reddish, the others black, the apical margin of fourth and fifth narrowly testaceous ; first segment with a yellow discal patch, subquadrate with a posterior extension, on each side of this the surface is black, but the posterior margin is broadly rufous; second segment posteriorly with a broad, paler, somewhat yellowish band, interrupted in middle. South Canara District, Nagody, 2500 ft., Sept. 19, 1913. Related to C. hieroglyphica, Smith, but distinguished by the coloration of the abdomen and the very broad lateral yellow bands on face. Lithurgus australior, sp. n. ¢ .—Length 12 mm. Similar to the male of ZL. atratus, Smith (Khasia Hills, Sladen), but differmg thus: face thickly covered with pure white hair, not mixed with black ; a tuft of white hair 196 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and between ocelli ; thorax anteriorly, and tubercles, with white hair, but hair of mesopleura black ; tegule smaller. Wings shorter, marginal cell less sharply acuminate, second sub- marginal cell much shorter; hind basitarsi curved but simple, not enlarged at end. Abdomen above very smooth and shining, not distinctly roughened or punctured ; black hair at sides of fifth and sixth segments much shorter. In Friese’s table it runs to ZL. dentipes, Smith, but the true dentipes is Australian, and has pale yellow hair on face and ferruginous nervures ; the stigma and nervures are reddish fuscous in LZ. australior, and the dise of the thorax, except anteriorly, has black hair. ; Coimbatore, S. India, Nov. 12, 1913. The abdomen is distinctly narrower than in LZ. atratus. Celioxys (Liothyrapis) dormitans, sp. n. ¢ .—Length about 13 mm. ; anterior wing 7:8 mm. F Black, including antenne, tegule, legs, and spurs; pubescence pure white, abundant and dense on face, on the abdomen forming interrupted bands in the depressions, and marginal bands, evanescent or failing in middle; eyes dark brown, hairless; mesothorax and scutellum very densely and strongly punctured, except that in the middle the shining surface can be seen between the punctures (very narrowly and slightly on scutellum); scutellum convex, obtusely subangular posteriorly ; axillar spines reduced to_ short obtuse tubercles. Wings dusky, but not strongly darkened ; anterior cox with sharp spines. Abdomen shining, well punctured, the punctures on second segment conspicuously Jarger than those on third ; terminal segment with a long subbasal spine on each side ; ; apex produced, deeply suleate, with no median spine ; lower apical spines sharp and diver- gent, upper apical divisions briefly bidentate or tridentate. Related to C. apicata, Smith, but the end of the abdomen is different. In C. apicata the second submarginal cell receives the first recurrent nervure some distance from its end; 1 C. dormitans the first recurrent meets the first transverso- cubital nervure. (The C. paces compared is from F. Smith’s collection.) Coimbatore, 8. India, May 25, 1913, sleeping on grass. Megachile (Eumegachile) triangulifrons, sp. 0. ? .—Length 15 mm. Agreeing in all respects with Smith’s description of his Records of Bees. rom M. cephalotes, except that the abdomen is not at all metallic, and the ventral scopa, instead of being entirely white, is cream-colour, black on the last segment and the apex of the penultimate one. It also differs from cephalotes in the structure of the face, which is not described by Smith. The supraclypeal area presents a large pit or hollow, sur- rounded by a triangular rim, which is variably but not coarsely punctured ; the clypeus is smooth and deeply receding, with a strong dentiform median tubercle near the upper end, Hindupur, Anantapur District, April 9-14, 1915. M. cephalotes was described from Northern India; Bing- ham reported it from Dehra Dun and Ahmedabad. Megachile (Eumegachile) ramakrishne, sp. n. ?. (Type.)—Like M. triangulifrons, but smaller, length not quite 13 mm. Ventral scopa black only at extreme apex, even the base of last segment with pale hair; supraclypeal basin less dis- tinct, with large coarse punctures about its margin, the area between it and the clypeus (practically obsolete in trianguli- frons) quite wide, and coarsely punctured, with a median smooth tubercle; clypeus short, with the median tubercle not nearly so large as in ¢riangulifrons ; mandibles with the second tooth, prominent in ériangulsfrons, subobsolete. 6 .—Length about 8°5 mm. Hair of face dense and pure white, but the upper part of the clypeus is closely and minutely punctured, and bare; anterior cox with short but well-’eveloped spines; auterior tibize and basitarsi polished and dark brown on inner side, the basitarsi distinctly hollowed and a little produced at end ; end of abdomen bituberculate, and at the sides subapically are long black hairs. Coimbatore, Nov. 1913. There are three other species in the Indian fauna which should be compared with the above two. J. arcuata, Ckll., from Punjab, is similarly formed, and the distinct tubercle on the inner border of the mandibles is represented in triangulifera. In the species just described the hair on the dorsum of thorax is scanty and wholly white, but the thorax of arcuata has sparse black hairs above. MM. arcuata also lacks the tubercle on clypeus. M. lissopoda, Cam., from Bombay, bas the hair of pleura soot-coloured ; in our insects itis thin and white. M. lisso- Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. iii. 14 198 Mr. C. Tate Regan on Chaudhuria. poda has not the long curved mandibles of M. cephalotes and our insects, and the structure of the face differs. M. -stirostoma, Cam., from Dehra Dun, differs by the essentially hyaline wings, those of our insects being strongly smoky, except at base. The structure of the face and front also differ ; thus there is no median tubercle on the clypeus. There is black hair on the apical part of scutellum and on postscutellum, but the hair of these parts is all white in our species. Meyachile aureobasis, sp. n. 3d .—Length about 10 mm. Black, the wings fuliginous except the base, which is strongly orange. Very close in all respects to M. umbri- pennis, Smith, from Nepal, but differing thus: hair of thorax above thin and short, so that the thorax appears dark, except around the margins, where the fox-red hair is conspicuous ; abdomen with entire hair-bands, that at apex of second segment red except at sides; front above antenna without a distinct band of fulvous hair. The end of the abdomen is faintly emarginate. Madras, Sept. 3, 1907 (7. S. A.). Perhaps only a local race of M. umbripennis, but I have seen no intermediates. Megachile anthracina, Smith. é. Coimbatore, Nov. 1913. XV.— Note on Chaudhuria, a Teleostean Fish of the Order Opisthomt. By C. Tate Reaan, M.A., F.R.S. (Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) In a recent memoir on the fishes of the Inlé Lake (Southern Shan States) Dr. Annandale * has described a new genus and species to which he has given the name Chaudhuria caudata, and has made it the type of a new family—Chaudhuriide—of the order Apodes. On reading Dr. Annandale’s description and studying his figures I came to the conclusion that this little fish was not a member of the Apodes (cf. Regan f), but * Annandale, “ Fish and Fisheries of the Inlé Lake,” Rec. Ind. Mus. xiv. 1918, pp. 338-64, 7 pls. + Regan, “ The Osteology and Classification of the Teleostean Fishes of the Order Apodes,” Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) x. 1912, pp. 877-887. On small Mammals from North-western Patagonia, 199 belonged to a very different group—the Opisthomi (cf. Regan *)—and I think that Chaudhuria may be characterized simply as a Mastacembelus without spines and without rostral appendage. In other characters—torm, scaling, structure and position of fins, nostrils, mouth, lips, dentition, gill- openings, branchiostegal rays, ete.—there seems to be no difference between the two genera. The few details given of the skeleton of the head of Chaudhuria are applicable to Mastacembelus, allowance being made for the preemaxillary, with the attached maxillary, being described by Dr. Annandale as the maxillary only. The peculiarities of the vertebra, to which Dr. Annandale has called attention, are found in Alastacembelus also. Dr. Annandale informs me that he has no time at present to make a further investigation in order to test the validity of my opinion as to the systematic position of Chaudhuria, and, as no specimens are available for examination in this country, it seems worth while to publish this note. ‘ XVI.—On small Mammals collected by Sr. FE. Budin in North-western Patagonia. By OLDFIELD ‘l'HOMAS. (Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) SENOR EK. BupIn, the collector of the Chumbicha mammals described in the last number of the ‘Annals’ +, helped by the kindness of Dr. O’?Connor, Mr. Charles Lockwood, and the authorities of the Argentine Southern Land Company of Buenos Ayres, has also been enabled to make a collecting- trip to Lake Nahuel Huapi, in the mountainous part of North-western Patagonia, and to two other places in the same region, Pilcafieu on the Upper Rio Negro (41° S., 71° W.) and Maiten on the Upper Chubut (42°8., 71° W.). At each of these places he made a collection of small mammals, mostly Muridee and tuco-tucos, and all prove to be of the greatest interest. Of the twenty forms obtained | have found it necessary to describe nine as new, while he has also collected an animal— the Recthrodon longicaudatus of Philippi—which proves to represent a very distinct new genus, quite unlike anything previously known to me. * Regan, “The Ostevlogy of the Teleostean Fishes of the Order Opisthomi,” Ann, & Mag. Nat, Hist, (8).ix. 1912, pp. 217-219, + Supra, p. 115, 14* 200 Mr. O. Thomas on small Mammals In addition, his material of the short-tailed mole-like burrowing rats has greatly advanced our knowledge of these interesting and little-known animals, which now prove to belong to two distinct genera, of which, again, one needs description as new. Our thanks are due to the kind friends who gave Sr. Budin help and hospitality, and to Sr. Budin himself for the keen and successful manner in which he has carried out the mission entrusied to him. 1. Lasiurus borealis, Mull. 9. 60,66. Beatriz, Nahuel Huapi. 800 m. 2. Oryzomys magellanicus mizurus, Thos. by. 195,197,200, 212.2155 9... 1T 101 192 eo oe 199, 220. Maiten, Upper Chubut R. 700 m. (?) o. 58, 102,105, 113, 118, 119. | Beatuzy Nalnel Huapi. 800 m. ‘The most common species at Maiten. Called ‘ Coludo.’” —E. B. 3. Reithrodon cuniculoides, Waterh. 9.173. Maiten. 700 m. Being a single specimen only I am not able to satisfy myself as to what subspecies of A. cunteulotdes this should be referred to. All the forms that have been named in this difficult group are distinguished by somewhat intangible and more or less variable characters. 4, Phyllotis zanthopygus, Waterh. dS. 128, 129, 132, 133, 134, 136, 147, 148, 151, 153; @. 130, 131, 137, 138, 140, 146, 149. Pilcafieu. 1400 m. In these specimens the buffy wash on the under surface is far more marked than would be supposed from either Water- house’s or Allen’s description. But the type—no. 55.12.24.185 —shows clearly the same general buffy tone to the hairs of the belly, none of them being really tipped with white. “ Caught among the cactus-plants.’”— LH. B. 5. Irenomys longicaudatus, Phil. d-(imm.). 73. Beatriz, Nahuel Huapi. 800 m. Lhis most interesting specimen represents the re-discovery of Philippi’s Rethrodon longicaudatus, whose identity has ong been a mystery. It proves, as might be expected, to belong to an undescribed genus, which may be called from North-western Patagonia: 201 JRENOMYS *, gen. nov. General facies as in Oryzomys. Upper incisors grooved. Molars hypsodont, laminate, the lamin lozenge-shaped in section. Genotype. I. longicaudatus (Retthrodon longicaudatus, Eshib.j). The skull, judging by an immature example, is on the whole not unlike that of Phyllotis, and presents no very special peculiarities. The interparietal is of full size. The zygomatic plate is of average breadth, but little projected forward, not undercut. Palatine foramina long, penetrating between the molars. The internal pterygoids, however, are unusually thickened, flattened, and turned outwards above, though this may be partly due to immaturity. Bulle of medium size. Upper incisors with a sharply defined groove. Molars very peculiar, hypsodont, laminate, with three laminze to m1, two to m? and m*®, and the same numbers in the three molars below. The lamine of the upper teeth are very much as if the re-entrant angles of each side in the teeth of Phyllotis penetrated further into the teeth, so as to cut connection between the dentine spaces of each lamina, while still leaving the laminz lozenge-shaped and just touching each other at these median points. As a result, the shape in section of the laminee in a young animal is almost precisely similar to that in the African elephant, as viewed vertically, though of course the spaces between the lamina are not filled up with cement. Such teeth as these would in old age wear down to a sufficient approximation to Philippi’s figure to render it certain that the two animals are congeneric, This new genus is undoubtedly quite distinct from any previously recognized, and it is not easy to be certain as to its relationship to others. Probably it is most nearly allied to Phyllotis, of which it may be looked upon as a relative with grooved incisors and simplified molars. But, in any case, the difference is very considerable, and the study of adult specimens may cause some modification of this opinion. Sr. Budin noticed that the single specimen was distinct from the ordinary Oryzomys, to which it has so marked a resemblance, and did all in his power to get further examples, but without success. “Caught among the roots of fallen trees, like all the other species of the Beatriz peninsula.”—/. B. * So named as a memento that its recognition coincided with the arrival of a glorious peace. + An, Mus. Nat. Chile, pt. 14, “ Muridee of Chile,” p. 64 (1900). 202 Mr. O. Thomas on small Mammals 6. Euneomys micropus alsus, subsp. 0. g. 171, 177, 183, 188, 201, 202. Maiten, W. Chubut. 700 m. Similar in all essentials to true HZ. micropus, as represented by series from Koslowsky (lat. 46° 8.) and Rio Chico, but almost or quite without the strong buffy suffusion on the fur, the general tone being more slaty greyish. Under surface also clearer greyish, with but little buffy wash. Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :— Head and body 123 mm.; tail 117; hind foot 27; ear 18. Skull: greatest length 31°3 ; condylo-incisive length 28°7 ; zygomatic breadth 18; palatal foramina 7:8; upper molar series 5°7. Hab. as above. Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 18. 12.2.13. Original number 177. Collected 23rd April, 1918. The series with which these specimens have been compared includes specimens killed in February, June, August, and December, so that the difference in the general colour is evidently not a seasonal one. I may note here that my reference of Mus (Phyllotis) xanthopygus, Waterhouse, to the genus Huneomys—a refer- ence probably induced by the noticeable resemblance it bears to 2. micropus—now proves to be erroneous, as it is certainly a Phyllotis, the most southern member of that widely distri- buted genus. Its narrow incisors readily distinguish it from E. micropus, with which it is found. The local modification in colour shown by this subspecies is exactly as in the Abrothrix suffusus of the same region, 7. Eligmodontia morgani, All. gf. 142/159) 165, 166); 912125, 154, 157; 160, 161,163, 164. Pilcafieu, Upper Rio Negro. “Common. lives in holes at the foot of the bushes.’”— LB. 8. Abrothrix suffusus modestior, subsp. n. @. 176, 182,198, 920555204, 211, 214, 217; ogee Maiten. Like typical sugfusus of ths Koslowsky region, but rather darker and more slaty grey, the reddish or buffy of the back reduced both in extent and brightness. Face almost without buffy. Sides quite without buffy, so that there is a broad from North-western Patagonia, 203 greyish slaty band, dividing the subdued buffy area of the - back from the greyish white of the belly, while in sugfusus the same lateral region is buffy brownish in continuation with the back. ars with a fairly well-marked greyish-white spot at their notch and on the base of the metentote. Under surface clear greyish white, quite as in suffusus. Feet white. Tail definitely bicolor, blackish above, whitish below, as in sufjusus. Skull as in suffusus. Dimensions of the type :— Head and body 97 mm. ; tail 68; hind foot 23°5 ; ear 17. Skull: greatest length 29 ; condylo-incisive length 25:8 ; zygomatic breadth 14'2 ; interorbital breadth 4°8 ; breadth of brain-case 13; palatal foramina 6°6 ; upper molar series 41. fab, as above. Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 18.12. 2.22. Original number 204. Collected 2nd May, 1918. This form, by its more subdued colour as compared with true suffusus, forms a step towards the following subspecies. 9, Abrothrix suffusus merens, subsp. n. G62 10,15. TG, Feds 69) 80, 8b, 82,83, 84, 895 90 Oo 97, 99, 107, 107, 112,115, 116; 2 65, 67, 63, 69, 74, 86, 104, 106, 110, 117. Beatriz, Nahuel Huapi. 800 m. Much darker than true sug/usus or the previous subspecies, the back dark brown almost without buffy, and the belly— which is practically white in suffusus and modestior— deep dull grey,” very much as in the Chilian dongipil’s. Ears almost without greyish patches at their bases. Hands and feet grey, near “pale neutral grey.” Tail averaging a little shorter than in the other forms, and less markedly bicolor, blackish above, greyish below. Skull as in suffusus. Dimensions of the type :— Head and body 110 mm.; tail 72; hind foot 22:5; ear 16. Skull: greatest length 29; condylo-incisive length 26 ; zygomatic breadth 14; interorbital breadth 5; breadth of brain-case 12°43; palatal foraina 6°6; upper molar series 4:2. Hab. as above. Type. Old female. B.M. no. 19.1.1. 22. Original number 104. Collected 25th February, 1918. This form of Abrothrix, from the lake-region of Nahuel Huapi, is, so far as colour is concerned, much more distinct from A. suffusus than is that of Maiten, and I have hesitated 204 Mr. O. Thomas on small ‘Mammals as to whether it onglt not to be distinguished specifically. Besides its generally dark colour, its greyish belly, grey feet, and scarcely bicolor tail all help to distinguish it. But its skull is so precisely like that of suffusus and modestior that it evidently represents them in a more saturate area, and for the present, therefore, I retain it in connection with them. Perhaps, also, hereafter these forms will link up with the A. hirtus of San Rafael, Mendoza, still further to the northward. To the list of the species belonging to Abrothria, besides those mentioned in my paper on the grouping of the Akodont Muride *, there should be added Mus brachyotis, Waterh., from the Chonos Archipelago. All these forms of Abrothriz from the eastern slope of the Andes are readily distinguishable from A. longipilis of Chili by their far smaller skull. “Trapped among the roots of fallen trees.” —Z. B. 10. Akodon beatus, sp. n. b2 GY, 855"87; 91, 10059105, 108) Ode eo oi game: Beatriz, Nahuel Huapi. 800 m. A rather large species of the arxenicola group. Size decidedly greater than in arenicola of Uruguay and Buenos Ayres, the hind foot averaging 13 or 2 mm. longer. Fur close and woolly. General colour above dark olivaceous, under surface greyish white (near “ light neutral grey’), the hairs slaty at base, white or whitish terminally, practically without the drabby or buffy wash generally found in arent- cola; as a consequence, the upper and under surfaces are more contrasted with each other than in the common species. Ears coloured like head. Hands silvery white, a little darkening on the metacarpus. Feet brownish, the digits lighter. Tail as usual longer than in the wanthorhinus- canescens group, rather prominently bicolor, blackish above, darkening terminally, whitish below. Skull larger than that of arenicola, with large rounded brain-case and proportionally narrow interorbital region. Palatal foramina not extending so far back, their hinder edge hardly reaching the level of the middle of the second Jamina of m’. Incisois of about normal set, the angle 69° in the type. Notch at front end of m* not perceptib'e in any specimen, the youngest being, perhaps, three-fourths grown. * Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) xvili. p. 840 (1916). from North-western Patagonia. 205 Dimensions of the type :-— Head and body 87 mm.; tail 79; hind foot 22 ; ear 15. Skull: greatest length 25°7; condylo-incisive length 23 ; zygomatic breadth 12°6; nasals 9°8 ; interorbital breadth 4-1 ; breadth of brain-case 12; palatilar length 10; palatal fora- mina 6 ; post-foraminal palate 3°2 ; upper molar series 3°7, Hab, as above. Type. Young adult male. B.M.no.19.1.1.34. Original number 108. Collected 26th February, 1918. This appears to be the most southern of the widely spread olivaceus-arenicola group, which ranges from here northwards to Keuador, and the members of which are the most common field-mice in almost every locality, taking the place in nature of our common voles. The other species obtained by Sr. Budin are of the more southern wanthorhinus-canescens group, distinguished among other things by the mach shorter tail. [ Akodon tniscatus, sp. n. Size and proportions as in A, wanthorhinus, but skull more bowed and thickly built, with shorter muzzle. First molar with a deep and distinct anterior notch, which only wears off in old age. A white patch on the chin. Colour of typical race coarsely lined brown, near Ridgway’s “buffy brown.” Dimensions of the type :— Head and body 92 mm.; tail 53 ; hind foot 19; ear 11. Skull: greatest length 23:7; condylo-incisive length 21°7; zygomatic breadth 12-4 ; interorbital breadth 4; breadth of brain-case 11 ; palatal foramina 5:4; upper molar series 3°5. Hab. Southern Buenos Ayres Province southwards into Patagonia. ‘l'ype from the Valle de Lago Blanco, Koslowsky _region, Patagonia, 46° 8. Other specimens from Peru Station, N.W. of Bahia Blanea, Chubut, and Port Desire, besides the Budin examples referred to below. Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 3. 7.9.64. Original number XXX. Collected 26th April, 1900, by J. Koslowsky. Ten specimens examined, Our knowledge of the small Akodons of Patagonia has. been in a very confused condition, though an improvement was made by Dr. Allen, who corrected certain mistakes. that had been made in the labelling of the Darwin specimens, on which their nomenclature hangs. He rightly fixed on B.M. no, 55. 12, 24. 157 as the primary type of A. canescens, Waterh., and 55, 12. 24. 156 of A. xanthorhinus, Waterh., 206 Mr. O. Thomas on small Mammals these specimens therefore, whatever other co-types were mixed up with them, being able to be taken as lectotypes of their respective names. Now over most of the area concerned we seem to have two quite distinct forms of Akodon—A, with a short, normal- shaped, rather bowed skull, on whose m! a very distinct and fairly persistent anterior median notch is present, an animal externally lined greyish brown, with a contrasted white chin- spot, and B, with a flattened long-nosed skull, the m’ practi- cally without a notch, this only being perceptible in an aborted form in specimens with quite unworn teeth. Hxter- nally this animal is greyish or yellowish, with the feet more distinctly yellow, and the chin-spot not contrasted. Returning to the type-specimens, it is quite clear, as shown by their skulls and teeth, that both 55. 12. 24. 156 and 157. belong to B, and that therefore A is without aname. Young and supplementary specimens obtained by Darwin on the Rio Negro and at Port Desire are referable to A, but these do not affect the determinations, and I propose to give to the latter form the name of A. iniseatae. A local form of it, obtained by Sr. Budin, I now describe. ] 11. Akodon iniscatus collinus, subsp. n. S$. 205, 208, 209, 210; 9. 206, 207, 218." Maiten, W. Chubut. 700 m. A more blackish race of A. ¢niscatus. A full description is given here instead of to the typical inzscatus, as quite fresh specimens are available of it, while those of that animal are less perfect. Size small, about as in wxanthorhinus and canescens, the tail short as in those southern species, not as in the arenicola group. General colour above dark grizzled olivaceous brown (more greyish olivaceous and less brown than Ridgway’s “ olive-brown’’), the hairs ticked with black and dull buffy ; sides rather more buffy. Under surface soiled greyish buffy, the hairs dark slaty at base, their ends drabby or buffy—a patch in the inguinal region more definitely buffy. Chin, or rather interramia, with a conspicuous patch of wholly white hairs, contrasting markedly with the general dark colour. Bars. short, their proectote blackish, their metentote buffy. Hands and feet brownish white. Tail short, well haired, strongly bicolor, black along the top, whitish or ’ puffy whitish on sides and below. Skull rather bowed above, its surface smooth and unridged. Interorbital edges square, not ridged. Palatal foramina long, from North-western Patagonia. 207 reaching to the level of the second internal re-entrant notch of m’. Incisors about normal, their angle in the type 72°. Molars larger than in wanthorhinus; m* with an unusually well- marked anterior median notch. Dimensions of the type :— Head and body 85 mm.; tail 56; hind foot 18; ear 12. Skull: greatest length 24°5 ; condylo-incisive length 22 ; zygomatic breadth 12°6 ; nasals 9; interorbital breadth 4; breadth of brain-case 11°33; palatilar length 10; palatal foramina 5°8 ; postforaminal palate 3°63; upper molar series 4:0. Hab. as above. Type. Young adult female. B.M. no. 18. 12. 2. 31. Original number 206. Collected 4th May, 1918. “ Caught among furze-bushes (‘ retamos’).”—WZ. B. 12. Akodon canescens, Waterh. ae LEE 3b 145, VG. 15S, 16S, 169s TO) se ee 122, 141, 143, 167. Pilcafeu, Upper Rio Negro. 1400 m. @. 216,221. Maiten, W. Chubut. 700 m. Although I provisionally use canescens for these greyish mice of the “* B” group—since they correspond with the type of that name,—I strongly suspect that they are merely the grey seasonal phase of the yellowish wanthorhinus, the latter name having priority. But, though not inconsiderable, our ' material does not suffice to settle the question with certainty, and until such certainty is arrived at it is better not to assume so great a seasonal change as the abgolute identification of canescens with wanthorhinus involves. A somewhat similar change is recorded by Dr. Allen, though his remarks are difficult to utilize fully, owing te a doubt as to how far specimens referable to A. ¢néscatus are included in what he calls canescens. 13. Chelemys vestitus, Thos. 9. 72. Beatriz, Nahuel Huapi. This single specimen is young, and therefore does not furnish any information as to the relationship of Ch. vestitus to the more northern Ch. macronyx of San Rafael, Mendoza. 14. Geowus (gen. nov.) valdivianus, Phil. 3. 92, 94,98,114; 9. 88,94, 95,96. Beatriz, Nahuel Tluapi. 800 m, 208 Mr. O. Thomas on small Mammals These specimens agree sufficiently closely with Philippi’s figure and description of Oxymycterus valdivianus to render it fairly certain on geographical grounds that they should be referred to that animal. The question of its generic name is dealt with below. “‘ Live among the roots of fallen trees. Make burrows in the earth like tuco-tucos.”— EH. B. 15. Geoxus fossor, sp. n. &. 178,194. Maiten, W. Chubut. 700 m. “ Found under bushes (‘retamos’), where they make holes with small hillocks over them, just like tuco-tucos. The similar mice from Nahuel Huapi do not make such hillocks.” —H. B. The six long-clawed Murines placed under these two headings have enabled me to make a fresh examination of the relationship they bear to my Wotiomys edwardst, to the genus Oxymycterus, and to the far southern species that have been referred to the latter. I have to confess that Dr. Allen’s assertion that his Oxy- mycterus microtis (to which these specimens are closely allied) had nothing to do with Notiomys proves to be entirely correct, my supposition to the contrary being wrong. Thanks to the kindness of Prof. Trouessart, I have been privileged to re-examine the type-skull of Notiomys edwardsi, and so am able to base my opinion on a firm foundation. Of pertinent specimens we had previously only the two examples, adult and young, from Koslowsky mentioned in 1903*, which, without sufficient reason, I assumed to be both of the same species. ‘he young one (whose skull was crushed) being certainly Notiomys, and the other closely agreeing with “ Ovymycterus”’ microtis, Allen, the generic identity of the two seemed to follow. But study of the present valuable accession shows that the two Koslowsky animals are really different—the young one being Notiomys edwardsi, ‘Thos., and the adult the species described by Dr. Allen. On comparing now the good skulls of the mole-like animals related to “‘ Oxymycterus”’ microtis in Sr. Budin’s collection with the type-skull of Notiomys, I ean confirm all that Dr. Allen ¢ has said as to their essential distinctness. In the’ former the skull is long and narrow, with long muzzle, smooth * Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xii. p. 248 (1903). + Mamm. 8. Pat. pp. 81-85, illustrated by figures of skulls, pl. ix. (1905). — Se ES ee from North-western Patagonia, 209 brain-case, and rounded interorbital region. In Notiomys, on the other hand, the skull is short and broad, -with short conical muzzle, very broad and square- -edged interorbital region, and strongly built brain-case. Both have equally the remarkably small molars, by which they may be distin- guished from any other noun forms. Nearly related to Allen’s Oxymycterus microt’s are two earlier-described species—Hesperomys (Acodon) michaelseni, Matschie, and Oxymycterus valdivianus, Philippi—and my present material includes specimens referable to the latter, as well as the 1903 example of microtis. But I cannot agree that these forms should be put actually into Oxymycterus, and now propose to make of them a new genus, which may be described as follows :— GEOXUS, gen. nov. Allied to Oxymycterus, but form more highly modified for burrowing, with velvety fur and very short tail. Skull with no trace of squared edges to the interorbital space. Zygomatic plate narrow, more vertical than in Oxymycterus, its front edge scarcely projecting. Incisors more slender and molars proportionally very much smaller than in the allied genus. The latter character also present in Wotiomys. Genotype. Wotorus fossor, sp. n. (his selection is made to avoid any complications due to wrong identification of the other forms known—though I have really no doubt about any of them.) Other species : michaelseni, Matsch., valdivianus, Phil., and microtis, All. The excellent description and figures given by Dr. Allen of NV. microtis will readily show the characters of this new renus. Matschie has also given figures of NV. michaelseni. With regard to the species JV. fossor, it may be defined as follows :— Essential characters as in WN, microtis, but the fur even more thick and velvety and the general colour dark smoky greyish (‘‘ deep mouse-grey ’’), with none or scarcely any of the yellowish or drabby ticking which is described by Allen and is markedly present in our Koslowsky specimen of microtis. Under surface rather lighter grey, with a slight drabby suffusion ; the hairs all broadly slaty at base, grey terminally, those on the chin alone greyish white to their bases. Skull, as in NV, microtis, with the palatal foramina only ) 210 Mr. O. Thomas on small Mammals just reaching the level of the front edge of m', while in N. valdivianus they extend to the level of the back of the first lamina of that tooth. Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :— Head and body 104 mm.; tail 44; hind foot 20; ear 12. Skull: greatest length 28; condylo-incisive length 25°5 ; zy gomatic breadth 13°7 ; nasals 10; interorbital breadth 5:2 ; breadth of brain-case 12°8; palatilar length 11°4; palatal foramina 6 ; postforaminal palate 4°1; upper molar series 3°5. Hab. as above. Type. Old male. B.M. no. 18. 12. 2. 37. Original num- ber 194. Collected 30th April, 1918. This series of the long-clawed mole-like Murines of the south is perhaps the most interesting part of Sr. Budin’s collection, and forms a very valuable accession to the National Museum. 16. Ctenomys haigt, sp. n. gd. 179, 180, 181, 184, 189; 9. 174,185, 186, 187; 190: Maiten, W. Chubut. 700 m. Allied to ©. colburn?, All., but smaller, with smaller bullee. Size medium. Fur soft, fine and silky, hairs of back about 11-12 mm. in length. General colour of upper surface finely ticked greyish brown, near “ drab,” without median darker marking on rump or crown, the top of the nose only dark brown. Sides clearer grey, and the lower flanks rather abruptly and prominently buffy (“light buff”) in continua- tion with the buffy wash on the hairs of the under surface. Forearms also prominently pale buffy both externally and internally ; hind feet dull whitish. Tail grey on sides, blackish above and terminally below, but this, as usual, is variable in extent. Skull, as compared with that of C. colburnt as figured by Allen *, similar in shape, but smaller and with decidedly smaller bullae, which do not project backwards beyond the level of the supraoccipital. Interparietal quite united with parietals in all the specimens, the line of junction generally marked by some discoloration. Bulle of average size, markedly less swollen than those figured in the male C. colburni. Dimensions of the type:— Head and body 165 mm.; tail 70 ; hind foot 28. Skull: greatest length in middle line 40:2; condylo- incisive length 38°7 ; zygomatic breadth 23:5; nasals 14°7 ; * Mamm. §. Pat. pl. vill. fig. 4. « from North-western Patagonia. 211 interorbital breadth 7:1 ; least breadth across brain-case 16°5 ; meatal breadth 24°5; breadth across bulle exclusive of meatus 22°5; palatilar length 16°5; horizontal diagonal length of bulle 15°2; upper molar series, crowns 82, alveoli 9. Hab. as above. Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 18.12. 2.39. Original number 180, Collected 24th April, 1918. This species differs from C. colburni by its smaller size, less swollen bulle, and less fulvous coloration. Named in honour of General Sir Douglas Haig, Com- mander-in-Chief of the British armies. 17. Ctenomys haigi lentulus, subsp. n. g. 144, 155, 162; 9. 152. Pilcafeu, Upper Rio Negro. 1400 m. Like true Aatgi, but the general colour browner and less grey-ticked, the dull patch on the muzzle more inclined to extend up on to the crown, the lower flanks more greyish brown, without the strongly marked buffy wash contrasting with the dorsal colour which is found in every specimen of haigi, and with the forearms also brownish, not buffy. Dimensions of the type :— Head and body 155 mm. ; tail 70; hind foot 30 ; ear 6. Skull: greatest median length 40; condylo-incisive length 38°5 ; zygomatic breadth 23°5; nasals 15; inter- orbital breadth 7°7; meatal breadth 25; breadth across bullee (exclusive of meatus) 25 ; upper molar series, crowns 8, alveoli 8°&. Lab. as above. Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 18. 12.1. 23. Original number 162. Collected 4th April, 1918. Most readily distinguished from the Maiten tuco-tuco by the absence of the light buffy wash on flanks and forearms. 18. Galea negrensis, sp. n. 9. 139. Pilcafieu, Upper Rio Negro. 1400 m. Col- lected 23rd March, 1918. B.M. no. 18. 12.1. 25. Type. General external characters of G. boliviensts. Colour of back mixed blackish and buffy. Under surface whitish, the belly-hairs broadly slaty basally, but with completely white areas in the axillary and inguinal regions, Eyelids whitish as usual, and a buffy-whitish patch at the base of the proectote of the ear. Fore limbs with their whole inner and upper surfaces buffy white; hands more strongly buffy. Inner side of hind limbs also whitish ; the feet dull buffy. 212 On small Mammals from North-western Patagonia. Skull, as compared with specimens from Cordova taken provisionally to represent G. leucoblephara, more heavily built, though with narrower interorbital region. Palatal foramina short. Mesopterygoid fossa broadly rounded ante- riorly, the palatine level with the main inner re-entrant angle on m®, In the Cordova specimens the fossa is continued further forward, and is narrowly pointed anteriorly. Bullee comparatively small, scarcely larger than in the otherwise much smaller G. b. (ittoralis, Dimensions of the type :— Head and body 215 mm.; hind foot 38; ear 24. Skull: greatest length 55; condylo-incisive length 48°5 ; zygomatic breadth 32; nasals 20; interorbital breadth 9°5 ; palatilar length 25; palatal foramina 4°2; greatest hori- zontal diameter of bulla 14 ; upper molar series 12. Hab. and type as above. The present is the furthest southern record for the genus Galea, the next northwards being that of G. boliviensis littoralis trom Bahia Blanca. The present animal is larger than littoralis, and its more widely open choane distinguish it from leucoblephara. It has smaller bulle than the still more northern forms of Bolivia. 19. Caviella australis, Geoff. & dOrb. Oo. 126,145? Pileaneu; (1400) m-. * Caught among burrows out on the fields.’—Z. B. 20. Dromiciops australis, Phil. do. 71; 9.111. Beatriz, Nahuel Huapi. 800 m. The type-locality of Philippi’s Didelphys australis appears to have been in the neighbourhood of Union, Valdivia, some 150 kilometres north-west of Nahuel Huapi, on the Chilian side of the Cordilleras. But, as already mentioned, the mountains in this region do not form an unbroken barrier, and Nahuel Huapi itself makes a gap in them, so that the identity of Sr. Budin’s specimens with Philippi’s species is quite natural. Of this genus the Museum previously possessed the type of Dromiciops glroides from Chiloe and an individual from Temuco presented in 1908 by Mr. R. M. Middleton. “ T was much pleased to obtain this striking little animal, which seems to be very rare. It was, like other things, caught among the roots of fallen trees.”"—/. B. A most acceptable addition to the Museum collections. On new Argentine Species of Akodon., as XVII.—Two new Argentine Species of Akodon. By OupriecD THOMAS. (Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum. ) DuRineG the working out of Sr. Budin’s Patagonian collection the two following species of Akodon have? proved to need description :— Akodon neocenus, sp. n. A shaggy grey species allied to A. varius of Bolivia. Size and general appearance very much asin A. virdus, with the same loose and rather shaggy fur, which is, how- ever, rather longer and thicker; hairs of back about 13- 14 mm. in length, intermixed with longer bristle-hairs attaining 17 mm. General colour greyer “than in varius, with less buffy, though the essential mixture of grey and buffy, varied by the dark tips to the hairs, is similar. Hands and feet whitish. Tail rather long, well haired, blackish above, whitish below. Elaleeuhe thes nacaie: mainawer and nore tapering poste- rioily than in A. varius. Supraorbital broad with Squared edges. Postero-external corners of brain-case developed into sharp angles, as viewed from above, this region being usually smoothly rounded ; but this may possibly hereafter prove to be merely individual, ‘Palatal foramina to the level of the front edge of the imiddle lamina of m'. Bulla: decidedly Jarger than in varius, their breadth in the type, taken at rivht angles to the diagonal length, 4°3 mm. “Incisors rather more proodont than in vardus, the angle 78° in two specimens as compared with 72°-75°. Dimensions of the type (measured on the spirit-speci- men) :— Head and body 108 mm.; tail 85; hind foot 23°5; ear 18, Skull: greatest length 29°2; condylo-incisive length 28:2 ; zygomatic breadth 14°8 ; nasals 11 x 3°2 ; interorbital breadth 9°23 breadth of brain-case 13 ; palatilar length 12°8 ; palatal foramina 7; upper molar series (worn) 4°8. Hab, Neuquen, Rio Limay, Upper Rio Negro, Patagonia, Type. Old male in s spirit. Bae no. LA aroR oA Oo lected by E. Weiske, 4th November, 1910. 9 Presented by the Hon. N. Charles Rothschild, An imperfect skin, No. 11. 11.19. 10, also in collection. Ann. & Mag. N. ist. Ser. 9. Vol. iii. 15 214 On new Argentine Species of Akodon. A southern representative of A. varius. Greyer than any of the members of the A. obscurus- -lenguarum group which occur in the intermediate area. Akodon benefactus, sp. n. Rilied to A. lenguarum, but smaller. Character of fur and general colour very much as in A, lenguarum, the back equally varying from “ fuscous ” to dark ‘ buffy brown,” the colouring resulting from a coarse and heavily lined mixture of black and dull “buffy. Under surface soiled grey, the bases of the hairs slaty, the tips greyish white, varying to pale drabby along the middle line. Head like back; eye-rings buffy. Hars rather short, of the same general dark colour as head. No contrasted white spot on chin. Hands and feet brownish white, their hairs brownish basally, white at tip. Tail about equalling body without head, upperside blackish, lower dull white. Skull decidedly smaller than that of A. lenguarum and with scarcely any trace of supraorbital ridges such as often develop in old age in that animal. Buea foramina to the level of the back of the first lamina of m1 Incisors about as in lenguarum and obscurus » more pro- odont than in ordinary Akodons, but less so than in lacteus, the angle in the type 84°. Dimensions of the type:— Head and body 99 mm. ; tail 65 ; hind foot 19 ; ear 14. Skull: greatest length 27 ; condylo-incisive length 26:2 ; zygomatic breadth 14°3; nasals 9; interorbital breadth 4:3 ; palatilar length 12°5; palatal foramina 5°7; upper molar series 4°5, flab. Bonifacio, South-west Buen Ayres Province; alt. 50 m. Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 16. 10. 3.35. Original number 2620. Colleeted 13th May, 1916, by Robin Kemp. Presented by Oldfield Thomas. This species is relatcd to A. obscurus of Uruguay and A, lenguarum of Paraguay, but is paler than the former and smaller than the latter. Mr. Kemp seems to have found this species living in com- pany with A. arenico/a at Jenitacio, just as I did its relative A. obscurus in the neighbourhood otf Montevideo. On new South-American Buttcrfl es. 21: wt XVIII.—New South- American Butterflics. By W. J. Kaye, I’.1.S. Morphide. Morpho perseus demarare, subsp. 0. 3 ¢. Altogether paler than J. perseus metellus. Fore wing with a pale ochreous shade beyond middle, not involving the first transverse row of ochreous spots (faint in ¢, well defined in 2) and scarcely extending beyond vein 2, except slightly distally. Inner margin slaty blue basally. Hind wing with the whole of the basal halt slaty blue, except for some slight ochreous clouding in middle area near costa, Hab. umeraras Omai, Essequibo River, 1 ¢ ; Demerara River lg. Type in Coll. Kaye. Erycinide. Aynias potaronus, sp. n. Collar orange. Fore wing with all the margins broadly black, Some blue scaling along inner margin. Basal area to beyond middle pale bluish transparent with the veins black. A broad black band across discocellulars. A sub- apical band composed of three large elliptical white spots and a small blue spot at lower extremity. Hind wing with costa broadly black. Inner and outer margin narrowly black. Central area dusky transparent with a faint bluish tinge. Abdomen above blackish ; below orange. Expanse 37 mm. eS: Hab. British Guiana, Tumatumari, July 1907 (C. B. Roberts). ‘Type in Coll. Kaye. Nymphidium multochrea, sp. n. Fore wing dark brown and orange without any white. A very broad costal brown band to well beyond cell containing orange blotches, Three of these lie within the cell and a fourth lies below the median but touching it on its upper edge. A large orange triangular patch occupies a large area from inner margin towards apex, and is there coutinued 15* 216 Mr. W. J. Kaye on vertically towards costa. Outer margin dark brown with a faint blue line running through it and some indistinct black intra-neural spots. Hind wing with basal two-thirds pale dirty brownish, palest towards base. A broad orange sub- terminal band slightly radiated on its inner edge. Outer margin dark brown containing some black spots which are edged internally with blue. Fore wing below with some whitish scaling beyond the cell and stretching across veins 2,3,and 4. The subterminal orange band merged with the whitish-brown scaling in the area of the tornus. Hind wing below with the basal half whitish gradually becoming dusky before it meets the subterminal orange band. Hab. Lower Amazon, Igaripe (A. Ha//). This may be an aberration of Nymphidium carice, as the underside shows some whitish scaling, but above the general fascies is strikingly different. Type in Coll. Kaye. Pieridae. Pieris phaloe lumont?, subsp. n. A small island race of phaloe, Godt (=buni@, Bois), which in addition. to its small size has no orange at base of fore wing on underside, and only a very small amount of orange at base of hind wing on underside. A full description is appended of both g and @ in case the subspecies should turn out to be a good species and not only a race of phaloe. Pieris phaloe lamonti. g. Fore wing white with the costa for half the length of cell black; the rest of costa (except the very narrow extreme margin, which is black) white. Apex rather broadly black and considerably concave on the inner edge. At termination of veins 3 and 4 on the margin are triangular black marks, A considerably reduced similar mark on vein 2 at margin. A small black discocellular spot slightly extended inwards, Faint scent-scale patches in the interspaces between the veins in discal area. Hind wing white with a very narrow black fringe. Some orange scaling at base beneath and at base of palpi. 9. Fore wing white with a large black discoidal patch, continued as a curve to costa towards base, but not reaching it. Apex heavily black, the black continued in a zig-zagging new South-American Butterflies. QVe manner to tornus. It is widest at veins 3, 4, extending greatly inwards along vein 4. Between veins 2, 3 it recedes fo extreme margin, but forms a black triangular patch on vein 2 and a linear black mark is present along vein 1 6 at tornus. Hind wing white with a broad but much broken black margin. A long curved black streak along vein 8 almost throughout its length, except at origin, A black shade along vein 4 just beyond end of cell. Hind wing below cream-coloured, with a strong orange patch at base and black streaks as above, but paler. Expanse ¢ 72, 2 75 mm. Hab. Trinidad, Morne Diable, 9.4.17 (Str Norman Lamont). I have named the species after Sir Norman Lamont, who discovered it on Morne Diable, where he had made numerous fresh records for the island. Types, g and @, in Coll, Kaye. pelconadee! Helicontus doris doris, ab. gibbs?, nov. Fore wing like typical doris from Guiana, except that all the markings are completely white. The basal streak along the median being considerably suffused with black scaling. Hind wing normal doris with the blue scaling extending on either side of the veins beyond the cell area. Hab. British Guiana, Friendship, Berbice River. Type 2 in Coll. Schmassmann, This very rare form, which is parallel to HZ. doris methar- mina, ab. fascinator, from N.W. Venezuela, was given unsuspectingly by the late Mr. A, i. Gibbs with many other doris to Mr. Schmassmann shortly before he died. [ have named the aberration after the late Mr. A. E. Gibbs. ‘ Heliconius wallacei brevimaculuta, ab. halli. Fore wing like brevimaculata, with the short median band white in place of the usual yellow, broken by the extra dark scaling along vein 2, Hind wing like typical wadlucet. Hab. Lower Amazon, Serpa, March 1914 (A. Hall). Type 2? in Coll, Schmassmann. This form is close to clytia, but as brevimaculata is a geographical race on the lower Amazon it is necessary to describe and record the occurrence of an accompanying white form. I have named this aberration after Mr. A. Hall. 218 Mr. W. L. Distant on Heliconius burneyi serpensis, subsp. n. @. Fore wing as in ZH. burneyi burneyi. Hind wing intermediate between /. burneyt catharinw and LH. burneye huebneri with short streaks beyond the median vein, never extending more than half the distance to outer margin. d. With even shorter streaks and approaching nearer to catharine than to huebneri. Hab. Lower Amazon, Serpa, Jan.—March, 1914 (A. Hall). Type in Coll. Kaye. A series of males and females was taken by Mr. Hall and all the specimens are intermediate between huebnertd and catharine showing that the race is a very well-marked one. XIX.—Some new Species of the E caus. Family Pyrrhocoride. By W. L. Distant. Genus ODONTOPUS. Odontopus, Laporte, Ess. Hem. p. 87 (1832). Probergrothius, Wirk., n. n., Kirk. Entomologist, xxxvii. p. 280 (1904). A genus under the name of Odontopus was proposed in the same year (1833), according to Scudder, by both Laporte (Rhynchota) and Silbermann (Coleoptera), Kirkaldy (supra) giving priority to Silbermann and sinking Laporte’s generic name, for which he proposed the novelty o o ‘© Probergr Shee Allaud, however, in 1889 (Bull. Ent. Soc. Fr. p. xlv) had shown that Laporte’ s name had priority over that of Silbermann, for which he substituted the generic name Odontopezus, and which is now used in the Heteromera (Coleoptera). Consequently Kirkaldy’s name ‘ Probergro- thius” is.another synonym. Odontopus antananarivos, sp. n. Head and pronotum testaceous, anterior pronotal con- stricted area ochraceous ; scutellum and corium ochraceous, base of scutellum, and more than apical third of corium black, lateral margins of remainder of corium_ testaceous ; membrane bri nzy brown; body beneath ochraceous, head beneath, rostrun, and femora testaceous; tibia and tarsi black ; antenna with the first, second, and third joints black, extreme base of first joint testaceous, first joit moderately new Species of Pyrrhocoride. 219 thickened towards apex, second joint longer than first or third, fourth mutilated; rostrum reaching posterior cox ; posterior angle of corium somewhat convexly angulate ; lateral pronotal margins distinctly and somewhat broadly and roundly emarginate; tibive and tarsi distinetly palely pilose. Var. Pronotum ochraceous, the lateral and posterior mar- gins only testaceous ; membrane black. Long. 19 mm. ITab, Madagasear ; Antananarivo. Odontopus stramineus, sp. n. Ochraceous; anterior and posterior margins of the anterior pronotal constricted area narrowly black ; two brown spots to corium—one transverse outside clavus, the other smaller and rounded before apex, membrane very pale ochraceous ; antennee wholly ochraceous, first, second, and fourth joints subequal in length, third shortest; membrane only just passing the anterior margin of the penultimate abdominal segment, rostrum reaching the intermediate coxee ; anterior femora moderately incrassated and strongly spined beneath on apical halves. Long. 16 mm. iss Sikhim (Atkinson Coll.). I refrained from describing this species in the Faun. Brit. India, in the unsatisfied anticipation that I might receive another or more specimens. ‘The abbreviated membrane and the moderately incrassated and. spinous anterior femora almost indicate another genus. In general appearance and markings it is allied to O. scutellaris, Walk., and O. bino- tatus, Stal. J Odontopus confusus. Odontopus confusus, Dist. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) ix, p. 39 (1902). Odontopus schoutedeni, Bergr. Ann. Soe, Ent. Belg. xlvii. p, 290 (1903). The specimen given specific rank by Bergroth (supra) is only a colour-variety of O.confusus. The black longitudinal vitta to the head is not of unusual occurrence, and the British Museum now contains a series of such varietal specimens acquired since I described the species. The first joint of the antennee, I find by the examination of later specimens, is also sometimes sanguineous as originally described, sometimes with its apical area black and sometimes wholly black. It has a somewhat wide distribution in Hast Africa, . 22i) Mr. W. L. Distant on Genus SERICOCORIS. Sericocoris, Warsch, Entom. Nachy, 1892, p. 133. Hathor, Kirk. & Edw. Wien. Ent. Zeit, xxi. p. 168 (1902). Serivocoris flavipes. Dysdercus flavipes, Sign. Thoms. Arch, ent. ii. pp. 808, 587 (1858). Odontopus flavipes, Stal, Hem. Afr. ili. p. 7 (1865). Hab. W. Africa. Delacampius militaris, sp. 0. Head black ; pronotum fuscous brown with the lateral mar- gins tes cheane ; scutellum black ; ; corium testaceous, clavus (excluding base) and a large semi-ovate spot connected with posterior half of clavus black; membrane black ; sternum fuscous brown, abdomen beneath, rostrum, and legs a little paler; antennee with the first, second, and third joints fuscous brown, fourth joint greyish white with its apex fuscous, first, second, and fourth joints almost subequal in length, third shortest; pronotum with the posterior area strongly coarsely punctate, and with a short, discal, longitudinal carination, lateral pronotal margins distinctly concavely sinuate ; clavus somewhat sparsely and coarsely punctate ; rostrum reaching posterior coxe. Long. 7 mm. Tlab, N.W. New Guinea (A. R. Wallace). Delacampius wthiopicus, sp. 0. Body above, head beneath, sternum, rostrum, and lees dark Checolate-brewn: were fuscous brown; extreme bese of first joint of antenne, coxe, trochanters, and abdo- men beneath ochracecus, posterior margins of sternal and abdominal segments pale ochiaceous ; plonotal maigins, upcx of scutclium, basal-lateral amargims and angulated posterior margins of ecrum pale testaceous ; membrane Llack; autennes with the first, second, and fourth joints almost subequal in length, third joint cistinctly shortest ; rostrum almcst reaching the posterior coxe; lateral margins of the pro: otum moderately concavely sinuate, the posterior lobe and the corium finely punctate; membrane reaching the abdominal apex. Long. 7-8 mm, Hab, Cameroons (Esealira), Gambia (J. J. Simpson). Delacamptus rhodesianus, sp. n. Black ; pronotal margins, basal-lateral, apical-claval, and angulated posterior margins of corium pale ochraceous ; head new Species of Pyrrlocoride. 221 beneath and sternum black, sternal segmental margins and the coxa pale ochraceous; abdomen beneath dark ochraceous, lateral margins testaceous and inwardly broadly black, » sterior segmental margins pale ochraceous; antenne with te first, second, and third joints black, third shortest, fourth mutilated; head somewhat elongate, its apex sanguineous ; lateral margins of the pronotum distinctly upwardly laminate, but practically non-sinuate ; membrane about or almost reaching abdominal apex ; connexivum sanguineous, Lone. 8 mm. Hab. N.E. Rhodesia; Serenje Distr. (eave Col/.). Allied to the preceding species, D. ethiopicus, Dist., but besides the different colour-markings it differs by the non- couvexly sinuate lateral margins of the pronotum. DINDYMELLUS, gen. nov. Head elongate, anteriorly depressed, central lobe prominent and apically broadened, not constricted or impressed beneath ; antenne robust, first, second, and fourth joints longest and subequal in length; rostrum robust, long, passing the posterior coxee, first joint about reaching base of head, second joint a little longest, third and fourth shortest ; pronotum about as long as broad at base, the lateral margins acutely reflexed, basal margin about or nearly twice as broad as anterior margin, obscurely transversely impressed near middle; scutellum triangular, centrally about as long as broad ; corium with the lateral margins moderately ampliate 5 membrane reaching abdominal apex ; abdomen with the posterior margins of the second, third, and fourth segments very strongly, convexly, obliquely, and upwardly directed at their lateral areas, Allied to Dindymus, Stal. Dindymellus coimbatorensis, sp. n. Browuish testaceous ; antennee piceous, basal area of apical Joints luteous ; eyes black ; lateral margins of pronotum and about two-thirds of lateral margins to corium sanguineous, the latter with the extreme margin and about posterior third (narrowly) luteous ; membrane fuscous brown ; body beneath, legs, and rostrum fuscous brown; coxe, trochanters, lateral margins of sternum and base of abdomen sanguineois ; rostrum with the first and second joints reddish ochraceous, third and fourth joints fuscous brown; antenne with the first, second, and third joints moderately thickened on their apical areas, fourth joint more slender and cylindrical ; head practically impunetate; pronotum with a few scattered punctures on the basal area, where there is also a short, 922 Mr. F. W. Edwards on median, longitudinal rilge; tibia finely spinialose ; anterior femora incrassated with three prominent spines beneath at apex. Long. 17 mm. Hab. South India; Coimbatore (7. V. Campbell). Syncrotus circumscriptus, Bergr. Proc. Roy. Soc. Vict. vil. p- 293 (1895). Bergroth described this genus and species from a 9 or @ specs., and his description requires some emendation. In the male the membrane reaches the abdominal apex and is considerably smaller than the other sex. ‘* Rufo-castaneus ” cannot be accepted as the predominant colour as stated by Bergroth, for the head and pronotum, in some cases the anterior lobe only, are black. Long., ¢ 6, 9 9 mm. Hab. Queensland; Kuranda (P. P. Dodd). XX.—Seme Parthenogenetic Chironomide. By F. W. Epwarps. So far as our present knowledge goes, parthenogenesis is of somewhat rare occurrence among the Diptera, but several instances of it have already been recorded in Chironomide, in the genera Tanytarsus and Corynoneura. In the case of Tanytarsus the first observations were made by Grimm in 1870, and have more recently been confirmed and extended by Zavrel (vide Bause, Archiv fiir Hydrobiol., Suppl. Bd. i. 1913, p. 17). The observations of both these writers concern the rare phenomenon of pupal parthenogenesis. Zavrel found that in the summer broods of Tanytarsus boiemicus, Kieff. MS., eggs could be produced partheno- genetically either by the pupa or by the imago very shortly after emergence; the pupze were often found floating dead on the water full of developing eggs, from which larvee eventually hatched. In all cases the adults reared from such larve proved to be females. Another case of parthenugenesis—in this mstanee of a more normal type—has been recorded by Goetghebuer as occurring in Corynoneura celeripes, Winn. (Bull. Acad. Roy. Belg. 1913, pp. 231-283). This author was able to rear three successive generations of parthenoyenetically produced eggs, which in every case yielded female adults, some Parthenogenetie Chironowide. 223 These, I believe, are the only cases so far placed on record of the occurrence of parthenogenesis in this family of the Diptera ; but I am now able to add two others. Chironomus clavaticrus, Kieffer. (Tanytarsus flexilis, Bause, ? Linné.) During the month of May 1917 I collected some weeds and mud from a pond at Letchworth, Herts, in the hope of being able to discover the larve of certain Culicid, but was then only able to rear various species of Chironomid from the material. Among these were a number of specimens of a species which I determined later as Chironomus clavaticrus, Kieff. (Bull. Soc. Nat. Hist. Metz, xxviii. 1913, p.17). My interest in these was aroused in the first place by the fact that this very distinctively marked species had not been recorded from Britain, and was quite unrepresented in the collections at the British Museum and at Cambridge. Secondly, it was noticeable that all the specimens which hatched (about: forty) were females. Suspecting that this might be a case of parthenogenesis, I isolated a few pupz in a small closed receptacle. ‘Two females hatched, and each of these deposited an egg-mass, From these eggs larvae developed which produced female adults on August 16; eggs were laid parthenogenetically on Aug. 18, and produced larvee on August 23. These for the most part died young, owing, I believe, to lack of food; a few lived through the winter and became full-grown in June 1918, but for some reason unknown to me no adults hatched from them. I made a diligent search by sweeping with a net in the neighbourhood of the pond where the larve were obtained, but succeeded in finding only female specimens, and am inclined to believe that in this locality at least no males occur. It is interesting to note that the species was origi- nally described by Kieffer from females only, reared from larvee by Thienemann. It was also reared by Réaumur from larvee collected near Paris; he figures the larva and the female adult (Hist. Ins, ii. p. 179, pl. xiv. figs. 11-16). No other records of the adult of C. clavaticrus have been made, and the species is thus known only in the female sex at present. ‘The discovery of the male—supposing it to exist—would be a matter of some interest, since it might give a further clue to the correct generic position of the species. From the characters of the adult female alone, and particularly on account of the entirely bare wings, Kieffer was no doubt 99 |: Mr. KF. W. Edwards on justified in allocating it to Chironomus, but ia its larval and pupal stages the species shows a much greater relationship to Tanytarsus. The early stages of C. clavaticrus have, indeed, been described in detail by Bause (Archiv fiir Hydrobiol., Suppl. Bd. it. p. 73, 1913) * as those of a Tanytarsus, which, ou the authority of Thienemann, he calls “ Tanytarsus flewilis, Linné,’ though he states that the larve nave not yet been reared. Why Thienemann adopts this name, which has usually been allotted to a totally different species of Chironomus, is far from clear; but, since Bause states that Thienemann himself intends to give reasons for the identification in a later publication, I refrain from comment at present. To the accounts given by Réaumur, Lauterborn, and Bause of the early stages of this species I can add the following points :—The egg-mass is about 6 mm. in length, 1mm. broad, pointed at each end ; those I observed adhered by one end to water-weeds, but whether this was accideutal or whether they were fixed in this position by the fly I could not determine. The eggs in the egg-mass ‘are arranged in a rather indefinite spiral; counts of the number in two separate masses showed 182 and 163 respectively. The larve emerge from the egg through a longitudinal fissure, and when newly hatched are about 0°6 mm. long and practi- cally colourless, there being only small patches of yellowish- green granules at the sides of abdominal segments 2-7 and along the sides of the intestine; they have no trace of ventral blood-gills or of the hump on tie eighth abdominal segment ; ‘ Lauterborn’s organs” are present at the apices of the second and third antennal joints, as im the full-grown larva. The second stage larva much resembles the first T, but is a little over ] mm. long, and has a slight hump on the eighth abdominal segment and a slight red tinge behind the head and in the middle of the body. In the third stage the red cclour of the body is more widely spread, but not strong; the hump on the eighth abdominal segment is well developed, and blood-gills are present on the seventh segment, but are as yet colouriess and have not their full length, The * The early stages of C. clavaticrus apparently agree in every respect with Bause’s description and figures of T. fleviles, but there is, of ccurse, a possibility that there may be two closely allied species. + Miall and Hammond state (‘ Harlequin-fly,’ p. 176) that the pecu- liarities of the newly-hatched larva disappear after the first moult. It is just possible that what I regarded as second-stage larvie are merely first- stave individuals which have grown in size. some Parthenogenetic Chironomidee. 225 newly hatched larva, as soon as it has freed itself from the jelly of the egg-mass, loses no time in making itself a case. I was not fortunate enough to observe the process of forma- tion, but apparently these cases consist chiefly of salivary secretion, to which minute particles adhere. Since I could never find any small empty cases, Iam led to believe that the larva increases the size of the original case as it grows ; but more observations are needed on this point, since the material of the case does not seem to be particularly elastic. The larva can turn completely round in its case and protrude its head from either end; in moving about from place to place it sometimes comes out as far as the filth or sixth abdominal segment, but I never saw one completely leave its case—in fact, it is probable that the hump on the back of the eighth and the large ventral blood-gills on the seventh segment would prevent its being able to do so. Before pupation the larva usually moors its case by one end in such a position that the other end is close to or touching the surface of the water. The pupa leaves the larval case only a short time before the emergence of the adult (I have not seen a free pupa, but have only found the skins floating on the surface of the water). A very note- worthy point is that the larva skin seems never to be completely shed, but remains attached to the abdomen of the pupa ; pupee removed from their cases, as well as cast pupal skins collected on the surface, always had the larval skin attached *. The adult, when freshly emerged, has still much of the blood-red colour of the larva—which, indeed, is the case with other Chironomid having blood-red larvee. Another point worthy of special remark is the resting position of the adult fly, the front legs being held in a peculiar manner which I have not observed in any other Chironomid. The front femora are directed straight forwards, so that their clubbed tips almost or quite touch in front of the head ; the tibiz and tarsi are bent right back at an angle of about 40° with the body. A somewhat similar posture is adopted by scme small species of Yanytarsus, which hold their front tibiz and tarsi at right angles to the body; but I do not now of another instance in the Chironomine in which the normal manner of holding the front legs is departed from, * Miall and Hammond, in their monograph on the ‘ Harlequin-fly ’ (p. 139), note that “ occasionally the larval skin is still adherent to the pupa when the fly emerges.” im) ho lor) Mr. F. W. Edwards on Corynoneura innupta, sp. n. Though this species is not at all uncommon in the Letch- worth district of Hertfordshire, it appears not to conform to any of the published descriptions of European species; it may be diagnosed as follows :— ?. General colour bright yellow. Head black behind; face brownish yellow; palpi yellow ; antennz six-jointed, basal joint black, jomts 2-5 yellow, oval, not quite twice as long as broad ; last joint somewhat darkened, pointed, more than three times as long as broad. Thorax yellow; mesonotum with three rather widely separated black stripes, the middle one extending from the front margin halfway to the scu- tellum ; base of scutellum, apical half of postnotum, also the mesosternum blackish. Abdomen yellow ; the tergites rather broadly blackish grey towards the base. Legs pale ; extreme tips of femora, tibiz, and tarsal joints rather indis- tinctly darkened ; front tibia about 1*7 times the length of the metatarsus. Wings clear; R extending very slightly beyond the middle of the wing; Cu forking noticeably beyond the tip of R. Length 0°9 mm. C. innupta must evidently bear a close general resemblance to C. scutellata, Winn., and C. pumila, Wulp (both of which are unknown to me), but these two are said to have the scutellum yellow at the dase instead of the apex, and there are some other points in the published descriptions which seem to indicate that our insect cannot be the same as either. In the autumn of 1917 I reared a few females of this species from the same pond from which I had obtained Chironomus clavaticrus. Again, in the spring of 1918 Cory- noneura larvee appeared in a breeding-jar for mosquito-larve. These latter were collected in a temporary puddle in a copse at Arlesey, Beds, and were supplied with dead leaves and water from a ditch (also temporarily full) in my garden at Letchworth. I do not know from which locality the Coryno- neura larvee originated. I have also swept female specimens from vegetation at the lakeside at Radwell, Herts. From the larve in this jar, which was kept closed the whole time, about fifty specimens emerged in the early part of June, all of which were females ; probably they were the offspring of a specimen which hatched unnoticed earlier in the year, since the material was collected early in April. Some of the pup were isolated, and both the specimens which hatched from them and the others in the main recep- tacle deposited egg-masses which produced larve about some Parthenogenetic Chironomid. 227 June 19. - Between July 5 and July 14 about seventy adults had hatched from these larvae, again all females; these, again, produced egg-masses parthenogenetically, and another generation of flies (twenty specimens, all females) appeared at the end of July. A third parthenogenetically produced generation appeared about August 20 and a fourth about August 31. From this time until early October flies and larvae were almost continually present (though in decreasing numbers), so that it became impossible to distinguish the separate generations ; but it would be safe to say that there were at least five parthenogenetic generations during the year, and though a careful watch was kept on the breeding- jar, no males were seen. The metamorphoses of Corynoneura are well known, and nothing need be said concerning this species, except that the food of the larvee appeared to consist of rather large infusoria (Paramecium ?) which swarmed in the breeding-jar. The larvee could be watched under a lens apparently chasing the infusoria, though I could never be quite certain that they swallowed them. When the numbers of the infusoria diminished, the Corynoneura larve also became much scarecr. Both had disappeared entirely by the middle of October. During the summer of 1918 I also reared a small number of males and females of Corynoneura celeripes, Winn. (or what I believe to be this species), from the pond which had provided me in 1917 with the first C. innupta, and also earlier with Chironomus clavaticrus, This species (Corynoneura celeripes), as already mentioned in the introduction, has been found by Goetghebuer to be occasionally partheno- genetic *, but I could obtain no evidence that such was the case with any of my specimens. Newly hatched females isolated in separate tubes did not deposit egg-masses, nor did they do so after males had been placed in the tubes with them. It would appear that in this locality C. celeripes has not the power of parthenogenesis, and the fact that I failed to obtain any eggs at all may be explained by the not unlikely assumption that it will not pair except under certain natural conditions. ‘he species which I regard as C. celeripes appears to be * Since the European species of Corynoneura have not yet been criti- cally studied, it is, of course, possible that Goetghebuer’s species was relly the same which I have here described as C. innupta, rather than the one I regard as C, celeripes. Should that be the case, there is nothing new in my observations, but they would still form an interesting con- tirmation of Goetghebuer’s. 228 On some Parthenogenetic Chironomid. identical with C. innupta in all structural characters, differing only in the much blacker colour of the whole body, which is exhibited particularly in the broad confluent meso- notal stripes. It is a matter for speculation whether C. innupta may not be a pale parthenogenetic form of C. celeripes. However, it would seem to be impracticable to test this possibility, simce the male celeripes (=atra, Winn.) appears equally indifferent in captivity to females of celeripes or innupta. In considering the question of parthenogenesis in Coryno- neura, it may not be out of place to mention that a species exists in this country in which the males and females are similar in coloration, and in which, moreover, the male antenne are hardly more hairy than those of the female. Bred specimens of this species (which is apparently un- described) were sent me by Prof. J. W. Carr in 1914, and, being under the impression that all were females, I was at first inclined to regard this as another possible case of parthenogenesis ; it was only on mounting a specimen for detailed study that presence of males was discovered. In the case of C. innupta, however, the occurrence of partheno- genesis 1s indisputable; since the females hatched from isolated pupz produced eggs, there is no room for error on account of similarity of the : sexes. The question as to the origin of parthenogenetic species or varieties is too obscure to be profitably discussed, but, given the existence of forms which are capable of asexual reprc- duction, it is easy to understand how the male sex may be clipinated in a part or in the whole of the range of the species. It has been pointed out by Williams* that many insects will not pair except under special conditions of space, heat, moisture, ete., and that under the abnormal conditions encountered in Nature by the spread to new localities of a fenale-producing parthenogenetic race, the male sex may be eradually lost. According to this suggestion, the apparent non-existence of males of C. clavaticrus (and perhaps of C. innupta) might be due to their having spread from some ceitre where both sexes existed, and where conditions were favourable to pairing. Another possible explanation would be that climatie conditions prevented pairing during the whole of one flight-season, leaving only unfertilized females to perpetuate the species. * C, B. Williams, “Some Problems of Sex Ratios and Partheno- genesis,” Journal of Genetics, vi. 1917, pp. 255-257. Periodicals published by TAYLOR & FRANCIS. Published the First Day Yy of every Month.—2s. 6d. a PRE » - LONDON, EDINBURGH, and DUBLIN PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE JOURNAL OF SCIENCE, Conducted by SIR OLIVER JOSEPH LODGE, D.Sc., LL.D., F.R.S, SR JOSEPH JOHN THOMSON, O.M., M.A., Se.D,, F-R.S., ee JOHN JOLY, M.A., D.Sc., E.BS., F.GS., GEORGE CAREY FOSTER, B.A, EBs E.RS., and WILLIAM FRANCIS, F.L.8, Published the First Day of every Month.—2s, 6d. . 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News and Notes, &c., &c. Red Lion Court, Fleet Street, London. CONTENTS OF NUMBER 14.—Ninth Series. Page XIII. New and insufficiently-known Moths in the Joicey Col- lection. By Louis B, Provz, F.ES...... bebe eee e eee ec es eens 165 XIV. Descriptions and Records of Bees—LXXXIV. By T.D. A. CockrereLt, University. of Colorado: . cis... .Whp.0 cs 0 0'e sae gies ts 191 XV. Note on Chaudhuria, a Teleostean Fish of the Order Opisthomi.: “By C, Tare Rucan, MA.) PRB ik ais ee end 198 XVI. On small Mammals collected by Sr. E. Budin in North- western Patagonia, By Ouprienp THOMAS .........0.0, aia cies aan XVII. Two new Argentine Species of Akodon, By Oxprizry — DHOMAB S060 aie in 6 nel scere we lve eek ee bos wives seine oR U vie Rs 213 XVIII. New South-American Butterflies. By W. J. Karz, F.E.S. 215 XIX. Some new Species of the Homopterous Family Pyrrho- cortdee, BY WW. Lae JONBUAMarteatcagicctascle. 3:5.» mask me eyera/ote hiaia’s reels XX. Some Parthenogenetic Chironomide,. By F. W. 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COLLINS, 3 Birdhurst Road, Croydon. sir bay THE ANNALS AND MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY, [NINTH SERIES. ] No. 15. MARCH 1919. XXI.— On the Hymenoptera collected in New Caledonia by P. D, Montague in 1914. By Rowxanv E. Turner, F.ZS., F.ES. THE small collection on which this paper is founded was made by the late P. D. Montague in New Caledonia in the year 1914. The types are in the British Museum. » be broadened. O. pickeringui, Dana, should perhaps also be grouped in the same section. REFERENCES. CHILTON, C. 1909 a. “ The Crustacea of the Subantarctic Islands of New Zealand.” The Subantarctic Islands of New Zealand, pp. 601-671 (with 19 figures in the text). Wellington, N.Z., 1909. 1909 8B. “The Biological Relations of the Subantarctic Islands of New Zealand.” Ibid. pp. 798-807. 1915. “ Deto, a Subantarctic Genus of Terrestrial Isopoda.”- Journ. Linn. Soe. vol, xxxii. pp. 455-456, pls. xxxix. & xl. Finno1, H. 1885. “Mission de l’ile Campbell,” in Recu. Passage Vénus, vol. iii. 2nd pt., Crustacea, pp. 349-510, pls. xxxvili.—lv. Mét.irr, Frirz. 1869. Facts and Arguments for Darwin (translated from the German by W.S. Dallas). John Murray, London, 1869. STEBBING, I’. R. R 1899, “ Amphipoda from the Copenhagen Museum and other Sources. : —Part II.” Trans, Linn. Soc., Zool. vol. vii. pp. 395-4382, Is. XXX.-XXXV. 1906. Amphipoda. 1. Gammaridea. ‘ Das Tierreich,’ 21 Lieferung. Berlin, September 1906. On North Pacific Zoroasteride. 387 XXXVI.—North Pacific Zoroasteridee *. By Watrer K. Fisuer, Director, Hopkins Marine Station of Pa ote University, California. STaRFISHES of the family Zoroasteride are abundant on muddy bottom in deep water off the west coast of the United States, and form a very characteristic element of the fauna. While the species are not especially numerous, individuals apparently swarm in some localities, judging by the results ot dredge-hauls. In this paper one new species and three new subspecies are briefly diagnosed. Keys to the west American species of Zoroaster and ‘Mywoderma will serve, it is hoped, to designate by contrast the characters of the new forms. A synopsis of the genera of Zoroasteride is included in order to present in compact form our present knowledge of the status of these groups. The anatomical details for which some novelty may be assumed will be dealt with in more detail in a monograph of Philippine and Moluccan sea-stars now in press. Further study of My«oderma, first proposed as a subgenus, has shown it to be very distinct from Zoroaster. The capture by the ‘ Albatross’ of large examples of Cnemidaster wyvillii, not a great distance from the type-locality, has thrown new light upon a genus which was based upon a young and wholly inadequate specimen. Very small examples of Zoroasteridze are very different from the adults—in fact, they sometimes differ from the mature specimens in characters of generic importance! To put the matter more concretely, very young Zoroaster hag all the adambulacral plates sub- equal (=Prognaster stage), which is true also of little examples of Cnemidaster. ‘lhe latter lack also adradial plates, the presence of which is about the only constant character by which the adult can be distinguished from Mammaster. I have not seen a specimen of Prognaster. Perrier con- fused the matter by publishing a second description with virtually a second type, P. longicauda, which appears to be a slender-rayed Zoroaster. Synopsis of the known Genera of Zoroasteridee. a’, Dorsal surface not devoid of spines and not covered with a smooth tough membrane, in sharp contrast to the spinous or squami- ferous actinolateral regions. * Published with permission of the U.S. Commissioner of Fisheries. 388 Mr. W. K. Fisher on 6’. Superambulacral plates absent, no con- spicuous buttress extending from the upper enlarged end of the first two pairs of ambulacral plates to the body-wall at the interradial angle. ce’. All adambulacral plates carinate on the furrow face. Genotype, Prognaster OTUNAAT, POUTIE 15 sarap yeretein se niae ce, Adambulacral plates alternately cari- nate and non-carinate. d', Rays long, slender; disk small; abactinal, marginal, and actinolateral plates arranged in regular longi- tudinal lines along ray, a series of adradial plates being always present; all but the median radial or carinal, which are larger, form also trans- verse series ; plates are covered with small, papilliform, skin - covered spinelets, and most of them bear an enlarged spine; papular areas generally very small but sometimes nearly as large as plates; fortici- form pedicellariz present ; actino- lateral plates in three to five series, the upper subequal to the infero- marginal plates; superomarginal plates not conspicuously larger than the inferomarginal plates. Geno- type, Zoroaster fulgens, Thomson .. d*, Plates of ray arranged in regular . to} fo] longitudinal series, the carinal plates the largest; abactinal and marginal plates armed with fairly large, skin-covered scales which mask all plates except some of the disk-plates and the carinal series along ray; no pedicellariz ; actino- lateral plates, in two or three series, much smaller than inferomarginals ; superomarginal plates much larger than inferomarginal plates. Geno- type, Pholidaster squamatus, Sladen. &?, Superambulacral plates present; a con- spicuous buttress, the specialized first superambulacral plate connects the upper end of the first two ambulaeral plates with the body-wall at interradial angle. Prognaster *, Perrier. Zoroaster, Thomson, Pholidaster, Sladen. * Prognaster, Perrier, ‘Comptes rendus,’ exil. no. 21, May 5, 1891, Type, P. grimaldu. Also ‘ Résultats des campagnes scienti- tiques du Prince de Monaco,’ fase. xi. 1896, p. 22, pl. il. tigs. 1, la—-b. In the meantime, Perrier described Prognaster as a new genus with P. longz- cauda, new species, ostensibly as type (xpéd. scientif. du ‘ Travailleur’ et p. 1226. du ‘ Talisman,’ 1894, p. 119). This species does not seem to be con- generic with grimaldi, which, of course, is the genuine genotype. North Pacific Zoroasteride. c'. Adradial plates present ; two series of papular areas between the carinal and superomaeginal plates, the latter never conspicuously enlarged nor overlap- ping the carinals. Genotype, Zoro- aster sacculatus, Fisher,, .......... ce*, No adradial plates; one series of very small adradial papular pores ; supero- marginal plates of two sizes, alter- nately larger and smaller, overlapping the carinals strongly and dominating these plates, which are sunken below the level of the superomarginals, Genotype, Bythiolophus acanthinus, USHER gars oc ee ed Gree Rete Setter cieks a’, Abactinal plates of disk, the carinals, ad- radials (when present), marginals, and sometimes one series of actinolateral plates devoid of spines or any conspicuous arma- ture, but mostly smooth and covered with a tough membrane of variable thickness, often partly obscuring the plates ; two to four lower series of actinolateral plates covered with squamiform fleshy spinelets and sometimes a conspicuous appressed spine; superambulacral plates present, the first conspicuously enlarged into a buttress connecting the upper end of the first two ambulacral ossicles with the body-wall. b'. With a series of adradial plates more or less well developed; four or five series of actinolateral plates. Genotype, Cnemi- aster wyvellet,, Sad OW ose 6 yeles cass - b?, Adradial plates absent, the inner lobe of the superomarginal plates overlapping the carinal plates; three series of actino- lateral plates with rudimentary fourth series in large specimens. Genotype, Zoroaster sigsbeet, Perrier ......+.. abe 389 Myzxoderma *, Fisher Bythiolophus*, Fisher, Cnemidaster {, Sladen. Mammaster, Perrier, Key to the North Pacific Species and Subspecies of Zoroaster, a’. With four series of actinolateral plates on proximal part of ray; dorsolateral and intermarginal papular areas very small with normally one papula each; infero- marginal and actinolateral spines slender, closely apressed. * Myzxoderma, Fisher (subgenus), Bull. Bureau Fisheries, 1904, vol, xxiv., June 10, 1905, p. 316. + Bythiolophus, Fisher, ‘ New East Indian Starfishes,’ Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. xxix., Feb. 24, 1916, p. 31. ¢ I have examined large adult specimens. of the adult. Sladen’s type was small, very immature, and therefore had not developed some of the characters Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. iii. 2 6 390 Mr. W. K. Fisher on b', Superomarginal spines very slender, ap- pressed; no adradial spines; ten carinal plates correspond to fourteen adradial e and fourteen superomarginal plates; fourth or lowest actinolateral series extending far along ray; plates of first two actinolateral series as broad as inferomarginals ; adradial plates broadly overlapped by adjacent series ........ ophiurus, Fisher. b?, Superomarginal spines more robust, often bristling ; an incomplete series of ad- radial spines ; ten carinal plates corre- spond to nineteen adradial and nineteen superomarginal plates; fourth or lowest actinolateral series short (one-sixth length of ray); plates of first actino- lateral series, only, as broad as the inferomarginals ; adradial plates exposed (about 50 per cent. broader than in OPNAUTUS). ac. pos ie pit ea ie eel: Raaeais actinoeles, sp. n. a®?, With three series of actinolateral plates; the two dorso-lateral and the intermarginal series of papular areas with two to four papule, the areas rather large; all spines rather long and bristling. b'. No large pedicellaria regularly on the second spine of the prominent or carinate adambulacral plates jx. sire a pishe sala me evermanni, Fisher, b*, A large pedicellaria regularly present on : the second spine (from furrow) of the prominent or carinate adambulacral EA EES isc deste his at ade he asns Sena eieels mordax, subsp. 0. Zoroaster actinocles, sp. n. Rays 5. R=161 mm., r=11 mm., R=14°67; breadth of ray at base, 13 mm. Rays slender, evenly tapered to the extremity, which is capped by a relatively large terminal plate; disk elevated at centre ; carinal ridge rather prominent. Resembling a slender-rayed Z. fulgens, but differing in having the plates of the second, third, and fourth actinolateral series smaller, the fourth series being rudimentary; in having slenderer superomarginal spines (which are decidedly slen- derer than the carinal spines), fleshier spinelets, relatively larger carinal plates, never but one actinolateral spine to a plate ; in having a decidedly larger terminal plate, and a large pedicellaria on the second (from furrow) adambulacral spine. ‘The papular pores are small ; there are five regular longitudinal series, with the beginning of a sixth at base of ray, on either side of the carinal plates—namely, two dorso- lateral, one intermarginal, 2+1 incomplete actinolateral series. Papulz solitary and small. Carinate or prominent North Pacific Zoroasteride. 391 adambulacral plates with a transverse series of five spines, the first deep in furrow, the second with a pedicellaria about 1:5 mm. long attached to its base. Type-locality.—53° 12' N., 171° 37' W., 43°5 miles north- west of west point of Yunaska Island, Aleutian Islands, 1217 fathoms, fine black sand; bottom temperature 35°2° Fahr. (U.S. Fisheries steamer ‘ Albatross,’ 1906). Zoroaster evermannt mordax, subsp. n. Closely resembling Z, evermanni*, but differing in having more robust primary spines (which are typically also a little shorter actinolaterally), and in having on the second from inner spine of prominent adambulacral- plates a large pedi- cellaria (or sometimes two), from 1°5 to 2°5 mm. long, and conspicuously bigger than the cluster of small pedicellariz on the furrow-spine. R=153 mm., r=10+ mm., R=15r. Type-locality.—Off Washington, 47° 28’ N., 125° 15’ W., 477 fathoms, green mud. This race is distributed from off Washington to southern California. At the southern end of its range it is found only in water deeper than 600 fathoms, while the typical evermannt occurs from San Diego, California, to Santa Cruz Island, California, in 216 to 510 fathoms. Key to the North Pacific Species and Subspecies of Myxoderma. a’. Size large (R, 200 mm.). The plates and spines invested in a thick pulpy membrane, slimy inlife; abactinal papular areas large, the dorsal skeleton being open and rather irregularly reticulate at base of ray; abactinal plates without accessory spinelets to any extent; actinolateral spines pointed, tapered, sometimes somewhat flattened, but never spatulate ; terminal plate large, ovoid, especially conspicuous in young specimens ; rays attenuate distally. b'. Rays thicker and skeleton stouter, third or lowest series of actinolateral plates extending five-eighths the length of ray ; abactinal spines robust and stubby; ‘ * Zoroaster evermannt, Fisher, Bull. Bureau Fisheries, 1904, vol. xxiv., June 10, 1905, p. 317. Further investigation has shown that this is not a Myzoderma, as it lacks the essential anatomical characters of that genus. : 26% 392 On North Pacific Zoroasteride. abactinal pedicellarize smaller and less numerous. Bering Sea to central Cali- F FOINIA] stereo See: Wa demote .. sacculatum (Fisher). 6°. Rays longer and slenderer, the third or lowest actinolateral series of plates ex- tending along only the proximal third of the ray; spines rather slenderer, and abactinal pedicellarize larger and more numerous. California, south of Point Conception ’*. .. Genk wosee cone ceeeeee €Ctenes, subsp. n. a>, Size medium, the plates and spines not especially sacculate or slimy—about as in Zoroaster ; abactinal papular areas medium in size, the areas with one or two papulz which donot occupy all the area; adradial plates small, more or less overlapped by the carinals and superomarginals ; abacti- nal plates with numerous, accessory, mili- ary spinelets; actinolateral spines broad, flat, and more or less truncate; terminal plate small: rays not attenuate distally. 8’. Rays slenderer and longer, disk smaller ; plates, especially the carinal and margi- nal, not broader than long; superomar- ginals not noticeably prominent ; spines slenderer ; pedicellarize larger. South- ern California (south of Point Concep- tion) and Lower California .......... platyacanthum (Clark). 6°. Rays broader and shorter, disk slightly larger; plates, especially the carinal and marginal, broader than long ; supero- marginals noticeably prominent, at least distally ; spines more robust; pedicel- larie shorter. Oregon to Central Cali- EORMIB? (nis viele: AANA ao oe rhomaleum, subsp. n. Myxoderma sacculatum ectenes, subsp. n. Differing from typical MZ. sacculatum * (Fisher) in having slenderer and longer rays, the third or lowest actinolateral series of plates present on only a small proximal portion (about a third) of each ray, rather slenderer abactinal spines generally, and larger and more numerous abactinal pedi- cellarie. R=210 mm. r=16 mm,, R=13r; breadth of ray at base 19 mm. Type-locality.— South-west of Santa Cruz Island, Cali- fornia, 640 fathoms. This race is found off southern California, from the vicinity of Santa Cruz Island to Los Coronados Islands, and from about 500 to 1100 fathoms, usually on green mud. * Zoroaster (Myxoderma) sacculatus, Fisher, ibid. p, 316. Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossortal Hymenoptera. 393 Myxoderma platyacanthum rhomaleum, subsp. n. Differing from M. platyacanthum* (Clark) in having constantly broader and slightly shorter rays, slightly larger disk, much heavier abactinal and marginal spines, slightly shorter and decidedly heavier actinolateral spines, and shorter abactinal pedicellarie. R=100 mm., r=12°5 mm., R=8r, breadth of ray at base 13 mm.; at a little beyond base 15°55 mm. Disk elevated, dome-shaped, rays very gradually tapered, but not attenuate distally. Type-locality.—Off Oregon (43° 46’ N., 124° 57’ W.), 277 fathoms, grey sand; bottom temperature 42°2° Fahr, Known from off Oregon and Central California, 277 to 296 fathoms, grey sand; 41°8° to 42°2° Fahr. XXXVII.—Notes on Fossorial Hymenoptera—XXXVII. On some Sphecine in the British Museum. By Row ann E. Turner, F.Z.S., F.E.S. Genus SCELIPHRON. Sceliphron masaicum, sp. n. 9. Nigra, nigro-pilosa ; petiolo, tertio apicali nigro, trochanteribus posticis, femoribus posticis dimidio basali, tibiis posticis tertio basali, metatarso postico basi nigro, tarsisque posticis articulo secundo flayis; alis subhyalinis, flavo leviter suffusis, yenis nigris, alis anticis apice angustissime infumatis. Long. 20-21 mm. 9. Clypeus very distinctly bilobed at the apex, closely punctured and clothed with long black hairs, which also extend over the whole head and thorax ; on each side of the bilobed central portion of the apical margin is a small tooth ; mandibles bidentate at the apex, the outer tooth the longest. Eyes distinctly nearer to each other on the vertex than on the clypeus ; second joint of the flagellum a little longer than the first and third combined. Pronotum deeply longi- tudinally grooved in the middle, finely punctured; meso- ~ notum rugulose, scutellum and postscutellum closely longitu- dinally striated. Median segment with a deep and broad * Zoroaster platyacanthus, H. L. Clark, Bulli. Amer. Mus, Nat. Hist. vol. xxxii., July 9, 1913, p. 199, pl. xliv. figs. 1 & 2, 394 Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. longitudinal median groove, the dorsal surface rather finely obliquely striated ; the oblique posterior slope finely trans- versely striated, with a deep median groove ; the sides of the segment closely vertically striated. Petiole not quite as long as hind coxa, trochanter, and femur combined. ‘Tarsal ungues with a small median tooth, the pulvillus large. Second abscissa of the radius at least as long as the first and third combined ; first recurrent nervure received close to the middle of the second cubital cell, second at about one-eighth from the apex of the same cell. Hab. British East Africa, Ngare Narok, Masai Reserve, 6000 ft. (A. O. Luckman), December 31, 1913, 6 2 9; Mogorr River (A. O. Luckman); Nandi Plateau, 5700- 6200 ft. (S. A. Neave), May 30-June 4, 1911; Uganda, Tero Forest (S. A. Neave), Sept. 26-30, 1911. This is a larger species than S. quartine, Grib., with differently coloured pubescence and fore legs; the apical third, or in some specimens half, of the petiole is black ; it is a smaller species than S. spirifex, Linn., differing also im the colour of the legs, petiole, and wings, and in the much greater length of the second abscissa of the radius. Sceliphron ecklonit, Dahlb. Pelopeus eckloni, Dahlb. Hymen. Eur, i. p. 434 (1845). Pelopeeus clypeatus, Fairmaire, Arch. Entom, ii. p. 264 (1858). Probably identical with S. spinola, Lep., as suggested by Gribodo, but I have not seen Indian specimens, - Genus SPHEX (Ammophila, auct.). Sphex tenuis, Pal. Beauv. Sphex tenuis, Pal. Beauv. Insect. rec, en Afriq. & Amer. p.48, Hymén. (1887). 3. . Ammophila guineensis, Ritsema, Tijdschr. vy. Entom. xvii. p. 192 (1874). 2. Ammophila maculifrons, Cam. Ann. Transvaal Mus. ii. p, 134 (1910). 2. Ammophila ceruleornata, Cam. Ann. Transvaal Mus. ii. p. 135 (1910). ¢. Sphex beniniensis, Pal. Beauv. Sphex Beniniensis, Pal. Beauv. Insect. rec. en Afriq. & Amer. p. 48, Hymén. (1887). 3. Ammophila cyaniventris, Guér. Mag. de Zool. xiii. P. 114, p. 9 (1843). ¢. Ammophila (Parapsammophila) lugubris, Gerst. Monatsber. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, p. 510 (1857). 2 o. Ammophila lugubris, Gerstaecker, Peters, Reise u. Mossambique, Zool. v. p. 480 (1862). Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. 395 Sphex braunsi, sp. n. @. Nigra; mandibulis, apice excepto, tergitis sternitisque primo secundoque, tertio basi extrema, femoribus anticis subtus, inter- mediis dimidio apicali, supra nigro-lineatis, tibiis anticis interme- diisque, tarsisque anticis ferrugineis; petiolo segmento primo nigro; tegulis testaceis; alis subhyalinis, apice leviter infu- matis, venis nigris; pronoto mesonotoque transverse striatis, 3. Femine similis; mandibulis tarsisque anticis nigris. Long., 2 18, d 16 mm. ?. Mandibles with a long acute apical tooth and two strong teeth on the inner margin. Clypeus with sparse large punctures, microscopically punctured and pubescent; head subopaque, with sparse large punctures, a deep groove from the anterior ocellus to the base of the antennee. Eyes almost parallel on their inner margins; posterior ocelli much further from the eyes than from each other, separated from the eyes by a distance about one-third greater than the length of the third joint of the flagellum. Pronotum a little longer than the scutellum, nearly twice as broad anteriorly as long, with a deep median groove on the posterior half, rather strongly transversely striated. Mesonotum strongly transversely striated, with a deep median sulcus reaching almost to the posterior margin, where the striez are oblique. Scutellum and postscutellum longitudinally striated. Median segment rugose, with oblique striz, which are more distinct laterally than in the middle, First joint of the petiole black, almost exactly equal in length to the hind femur, a little longer than the second joint of the petiole; second tergite longer than its apical breadth. ‘Tarsal ungues simple, with a distinct pul- villus. Pleurze rugose, with more or less distinct oblique striz, evenly covered with very delicate whitish pubescence. Spiracle of the first tergite situated considerably behind the middle. 3. One large tooth only on the inner margin of the man- dibles ; eyes converging towards the clypeus ; apical margin of the clypeus widely and shallowly emarginate; eighth sternite rather narrowly rounded at the apex. ‘Third cubital cell in both sexes small, contracted both on the radius and cubitus, second abscissa of the radius longer than the first in the female, a little shorter in the male, more than twice as long as the third. Hab. Willowmore, 8. Africa (Dr. Brauns), October 1, 1916. Lhe pronotum is much longer than in the common S. tenuts, 396 Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. Pal. Beauv., and the colouring is also very different. The male genitalia are also different, the stipes being narrower and more acute at the apex than in tenuis. The pulvillus is absent in tenuis. Sphex dolichoderus, Kohl. Ammophila dolichodera, Kohl, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxxiii. p. 383 (1883). 3. Ammophila pulchricollis, Cam. Ann. Transvaal Mus, ii, p. 183 (1910). o, According to Dr. Brauns, Cameron’s type is a female. Kohl, in his table a few pages before the description of delichodera, gives the name of the species as macrocola. Probably he originally intended to use this name and changed it in the description, but neglected to make the alteration in the table. Sphee ferrugineipes, Lep. Ammophila ferrugineipes, Lep. Hist. nat. Insect. Hymen. ili. p. 388 (1845). 9. Ammophila dunbrodyensis, Cam. Rec. Albany Mus. i. p. 822 (1905). Sphex basalis, Sm. Ammophila basalis, Sm. Cat. Hym. B.M. iv. p. 214 (1856). Q. Ammophila nigripes, Sm. Cat. Hym. B.M. iv. p. 215 (1856). ¢. Sphex (Coloptera) tuberculiscutis, sp. n. @. Nigra; mandibulis, apice excepto, clypeo, antennis articulis sex basalibus, prothorace, mesonoto lateribus, mesopleuris macula sub alis, tegulis, scutello, postscutello, tergito secundo leviter nigro suffuso, petiolo subtus, sternitis pedibusque, femoribus supra nigrolineatis, ferrugineis; alis sordide hyalinis, flavo- suffusis, venis nigris; pronoto fere polito, antice subexcavato, utrinque tuberculato, postice in medio obsolete transverse striato, mesonoto transverse striato; scutello postscutelloque longitu- dinaliter striatis, postice productis, lamellato-tuberculatis. 3. Femine similis, tergito secundo nigro, basi fusco-ferrugineo ; clypeo apice in tuberculo producto. Long., @ 21-22, ¢ 22-25 mm. @?. Mandibles with one large, broad, blunt tooth on the inner margin, clypeus broadly subtruncate at the apex. Eyes almost parallel on the inner margins ; posterior ocelli almost as far from each other as from the eyes; front not concave, without a distinct longitudinal sulcus; the face and sides of the clypeus clothed with very delicate pale golden * Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. 397 pubescence. Propleure almost smooth; mesopleure rather sparsely punctured ; sides of the median segment coarsely rugulose, dorsal surface of the segment rugose ; the humeral calli, the apex of the median segment, and a long band on the hind margin of the mesopleurz clothed with very delicate shining silver pubescence. First joint of the petiole about as long as the hind femur and trochanter combined ; second tergite slender, half as long again as its apical breadth. Pulvillus well developed. Second abscissa of the radius about half as long as the first. 3. Hyes very slightly convergent towards the clypeus ; posterior ocelli a little nearer to the eyes than to each other. Clypeus produced into a porrect tubercle in the middle of the anterior margin. Transverse striz of the pronotum more developed than inthe female. First joint of petiole distinctly longer than the hind femur and trochanter combined ; eighth sternite broadly truncate at the apex. Hab. British East Africa, Masongaleni, 3000 ft. (9. A. Neave), March 29-April 1; Kibwezi, 3000 ft. (S.A. Neave), April 2-4; Mitto Andei, 2500 ft. (S. A. Neave), March 26-28; ‘Tiwa River, Ukamba (S. W. J. Scholefield), January 22-27. Nearly allied to saussure?, Buyss., but easily distinguished by the curious form of the pronotum and by the more strongly produced scutellum and postscutellum. The male clypeus differs strongly from that of the Palearctic species barbara, Lep., and judeorum, Kohl. Genus CHLORION. Chlorion (Isedontia) apicata, Bingh. Ammophila_apicata, Bingh. Fauna Brit. India, Hymen. i. p. 234 (1897). 9. Chlorion (Isodontia) praslinius, Guér. Sphex praslinius, Guér, Voy. Coq., Zool. ii. p. 262 (1839). Sphex morosa, Sm, Journ. Proc, Linn, Soc., Zool. iv., Suppl. p. 122 (1860). Chlorion (Proterosphex) paulinieri, Guér. Sphex Paulinieri, Guér. Magas, de Zool. xiii. P. 114, p. 8 (1843), @. Sphex exinua, Lep. Hist. nat. Insect. Hymén. iii p. 860 (1845), 3. This belongs to the group of aurulentus, Fabr., with the median segment transversely striated. Kohl wrongly treats the species as a true Chlorion in the most restricted sense, but had not seen a specimen, 398 Mr. R. BE. Turner on new XXXVIIIl.—New Australian Diplopterous Hymenoptera. By Rowxanp #. Turner, F.Z.S., FES. Paralastor aterrimus, sp. n. 3g. Niger; clypeo apice anguste, fronte interantennali, scapoque subtus flavis; tarsis fusco-brunneis; alis hyalinis, anticis, pra- cipue area costali, infuscatis; venis nigris; clypeo apice sub- truncato ; sternito secundo basi elevato-tuberculato. Long. 10 mm. gd. Clypeus closely microscopically punctured, with larger scattered punctures, with very delicate close-lying pubescence at the base, the apex subtruncate, scarcely emar- ginate. Front coarsely and rather closely punctured, vertex coarsely punctured-rugose. Thorax and median segment coarsely punctured-rugose ; tegulz very coarsely punctured. First tergite very coarsely punctured, second much more finely and sparsely punctured ; the apical margins of tergites 3-6 narrowly fuscous brown. Second sternite shining, rather strongly, but not very closely punctured, raised and sub- tuberculate at the base. The first abdominal segment is broad. Antenne, as in all males of the genus, with only eight well-developed joints, the joints beyond the eighth minute and concealed. Hab. Townsville, Queensland (Dodd). Paralastor diabolicus, sp. n. 3. Niger; clypeo apice late maculaque magna basali, fronte interantennali scapoque subtus flavis; tarsis articulo apicali luteo; alis hyalinis, anticis dimidio costali fortiter infuscatis, venis nigris; clypeo apice late emarginato; sternito secundo basi fortiter elevato-tuberculato. Long. 11 mm. &. Clypeus closely micro I fo oie f) : Ae II “6 a 83 & I G9 9 8 oP 6E 88 oT &@ $& € L &@ G I Il ai ee ; soe er I T ‘Bag suse ‘sngvdsi4a snosipowa7g "BOQ BItYy t& og p08 I sea Z T a am cI nae SI sat , } He 6 eee SI eee 9 360 T no ‘[Bpaaroy “purysy ox, Jo ysL09 “proliy eusog jo yyNoT “snurdsinta? 49)8D)U0F ra oD Hi 6 re 00 OD *se1jOUNT]]IUL UI OsIp JO SHIPVy Arctic and North- Atlantic Starfishes. 403 Originally my intention was only to settle whether one or several year-classes of a species of starfishes occur at a locality, and, if several, whether one of these is more nume- rously represented than the others. In the course of my investigations it appeared that a similar number of annual classes is gathered at the same locality of more than one species. In Pontaster tenuispinus we find an annual class with a dise-radius of 3-4 mm., another of 8-10 mm. We find the same number of Ctenodiscus ecrispatus, Psilaster andromeda, etc., or else the numbers are very close to those mentioned for Pontaster tenutspinus. Therefore, if we could determine the age of a year-class for one species, that of the others would also be known. Among some echinoderms from Utne, Hardanger, I was fortunate enough to find some very small Psilaster andromeda, which had apparently been recently transformed to the bottom stage. ‘his was conse- quently group 0, other material belonged to group L., ete. The measurements mentioned in this paper are given in the table on p. 402, the remainder appear in ‘ Nogen aste- riders alder og aarsklasser.” I shall first endeavour to show that starfishes occurring at a locality are, as a rule, represented by several year-classes, but only one of them numerously. ‘The ‘ Voeringen’ took 153 Pontaster tenuispinus off the mouth of the Sogne Fjord: of these one specimen had a dise-radius of 3 mm., the rest measured 5-12 mm., with a maximum of 119 specimens (or 76°8 per cent. of the total number) at 8-10 mm. A year- class is evidently gathered about these measurements. The 3 mm. specimen belongs to another year-class, as is clearly shown by 384 specimens taken by the ‘ Voeringen’ off the Fro Islands; of these one specimen had a disc-radius of 9mm., the rest 1-5 mm., including 12 specimens at 3 mm. The conditions in the two localities were therefore quite different : off the Fro Islands there was a maximum of 12 specimens at 3 mm. and one only at 9mm.; the Sogne Fjord locality had, on the contrary, a maximum of 48 specimens at 9 mm., but one only at 3 mm. Common to both localities is the circumstance that two year-classes were represented, only one of them numerously. At a station off the coast of Romsdal the ‘ Voeringen’ took 52 Pontaster tenuispinus, which had a disc-radius of 6-11 mm., with a maximum of 45 specimens at 7-9 mm. Evidently only one annual class was represented here, and that one must have been of the same age as the large group from the station off the Sogne Fjord. As stated above, there was at 404 Dr. J. A. Grieg on the Age of some this locality a maximum at 8-10 mm., while at the station off the coast of Romsdal it was at 7-9 mm. The difference must be attributed to the fact that there were better conditions of life at the one locality than at the other. Quite the same result that the Fro Islands material gives is exhibited by 55 specimens from a locality in the Kara Sea. As the table shows there is a marked maximum of 49 speci- mens at 3-5 mm., while only 5 specimens have a disc-radius of 7-10 mm. From another locality in the Kara Sea there are 37 specimens, which show that three year-classes may be represented at a locality, but only one of them numerously. We have first a large group of 29 specimens which have a disc-radius of 2-7 mm., with a maximum of 22 specimens at 38-5 mm. ‘Then, a group of 7 specimens with a disc-radius of 9-13 mm., and, finally, one specimen of 23 mm. Hach of these groups must represent an annual class, the youngest of which only was numerous. The material of Pontaster tenuispinus examined by me shows that this species has a year-class at 3-4 mm., another at 8-10 mm., and I have had some specimens with a disc- radius of more than 13 mm. The material of this last group is unfortunately so sparing that it has not been possible to determine where its maximum is to be found; I should be inclined to think that it must be looked for at about a radius of 156 mm. With a disc-radius of 23 mm. Pontaster tenui- spinus has attained its maximum of growth. Whether it is possible to find one or two year-classes between 13 mm. and 23 mm. cannot at present be definitely determined, but I am most inclined to think that representatives of two year-classes are to be found between these two sizes. From three localities in the Barent’s Sea I have measured 169, 149, and 335 specimens respectively of Ctenodiscus crispatus. The specimens from the first locality measured 3-13 mm. and had a maximum of 128 specimens (or 77°7 per cent. of the total number) at 7-10 mm. ; at the second locality there was a maximum of 132 specimens (or 88°6 per cent.) at 8-11 mm.—these specimens measured 6-13 mm. ; at the third locality the specimens measured 6-16 mm.—at 9-12 mm. there was a maximum of 267 specimens (or 79°7 per cent. of the total number). If we compare the material, we find that the majority of the specimens at all three localities are of the same size and represent the same annual class. It is very probable, however, that at two of the localities, at least, there were specimens of still another year-class, for material from other localities indicates that the smallest specimens from the Arctic and North-Atlantic Starfishes. 405 first locality and the largest from the last-named one must be of an age other than the rest. I stated above that the examples of Pontaster tenuispinus examined represent three or possibly four annual classes, The material of Ctenodiscus crispatus is only composed of three year-classes : the maximum of the youngest class is at 4—5 mm., that of the second at about 10 mm., and that of the third at 15-16 mm. A fourth year-class seems to be out of the question in the case of this species, as it has already attained its maximum growth at 18-19 mm. It has been mentioned already that the food-conditions and therefore the conditions of growth may be different in different localities. ‘The maximum of a year-class will be gathered about a measurement which varies somewhat for different localities. In speaking of Pontaster tenuispinus I have called attention to this fact, which is still more striking when we compare the material of Ctenodiscus crispatus mentioned above. As will be shown below, the two-year old annual class has its maximum at a disc-radius of 7-10 mm. at one locality, at 8-11 mm. at another, and at 9-12 mm. at a third, which has evidently offered the best conditions of life. I ought to mention that tle material from all localities was collected in June, though in different years. As it is with these two species, so it is with others that live at shallower depths in Arctic and boreal waters. The conditions are the same at the great depths in the Norwegian Sea and the North Atlantic. The ‘ Michael Sars’ took 26 Hymenaster pellucidus in 1900 in the cold area off the east coast of Iceland with a disc-radius of 4-25 mm. This material affords a maximum of 9 specimens at 8-9 mm., fewer at 14-15 mm., and still fewer at 22 mm.; there were thus three year-classes from this locality. Other material indicates that the 4 mm. specimens represented a fourth annual class. Another species characteristic of the cold area of the Norwegian Sea is Bathybiaster veaillifer, which may also be represented by several year-classes at a locality. It may be mentioned that the juvenile specimens of Bathybiaster vevillifer, described by Danielssen and Koren under the name Liyaster mirabilis, was taken together with two full-grown ones. The ‘ Michael Sars’ found in 1902 at a locality in the cold area north of the Faroe Islands a very young specimen whose disc-radius measured 4 mm., another of 7 mm., and still others of as much as 22 mm.; some of these were thus among the largest known in this species. In other words, Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser, 9. Vol. iii. 27 406 Dr. J. A. Grieg on the Age of some there have been living at least three year-classes at the same locality. In the cold area off “Tampen” the ‘ Armauer Hansen’ in 1914 took three Bathybiaster vemillifer whose disc-radius measured 2°7, 3°5, and 25 mm. respectively ; here were therefore two quite young individuals which must represent one annual class and a_ full-grown individual belonging to quite another. In the North Atlantic the genus Bathyliaster is represented by Bathybiaster robustus, a species which shows so much likeness to Bathybiaster vewillifer that Verrill * considered it as probably identieal. A closer examination, however, shows that they are two different species, each living within its own territory—the one within the cold area of the Nor- wegian Sea, the other in the warm area of the North Atlantic. They also differ from one another in the structure of the skeleton, There is the same difference between them that there is between Pecten frigidus of the Norwegian Sea and Pecten biskayensis of the North Atlantic. §S.W. of Ireland the ‘Michael Sars’ obtained 25 specimens of Bathybiaster robustus, which are grouped as follows: two specimens measured 11-12 mm., the rest 15-21 mm., with a maximum of 11 specimens at 19-20 mm. That the maximum is found among the largest specimens seems to indicate that the smallest (11-12 mm.) specimens must belong to another annual class. In the eastern part of the North Atlantic Plutonaster bifrons is the most commonly distributed starfish. It is known from numerous localities between Faroe—Shetland Channel and the Cape Verde Islands. In 1910 the ‘ Michael Sars’ collected this species at no fewer than seven localities, at some of them in great numbers—thus at a station W. of the Hebrides as many as 87 specimens were found. This material has a disc-radius of 8-21 mm., besides which there is a specimen of 24 mm. There are two marked maxima, one at 10-11 mm. comprising 28 specimens (or 32:2 per cent. of the total number) and another at 17-18 mm. with 17 specimens (or 19°5 per cent. of the total number). Both these maxima must represent annual classes. Judging from material from another locality the 24 mm. specimen must belong to yet another year-class. The examples given must suffice. It appears from all the material examined that starfishes living at a given locality may belong to one year-elass ; but most frequently they * Proc. U.S. Nat. Museum, xvii. 1894, p. 256. Arctic and North-Atlantic Starfishes. 407 represent two or more, only one of them being numerous. The material also shows that each year-class is grouped about certain definite sizes, and that these as a whole are common to all species examined. Pontaster tenuispinus has a year- class whose maximum is gathered about a disc-radius of 3-4 mm.; Ctenodiscus crispatus, Leptychaster arcticus, Bathybiaster veaillifer, Solaster papposus, Hymenaster pellu- cidus, Henricia sanguinolenta, etc., have likewise a year-class of this size ; Pontaster tenuispinus has the next year-class at 8-10 mm. In like manner we find that Plutonaster bifrons, Dytaster agassizi, Ctenodiscus crispatus, Hymenaster pellu- cidus, etc., have a year-class at the same size. It should be noted that the figures are not absolutely exact ; with respect to some species and localities they may be found a little above or a little below those given, as I have already stated. Speaking generally, these are agreements which cannot be due to accidental circumstances. Hach of these year-classes must have a fixed age, and if the year-class 3-4 mm. of Pontaster tenuispinus is one year old, then that year-class of the other species which is of the same size must also be one year old. It was therefore important to fix the age of a year-class in a species, as thereby the age was given for the other species. I was fortunate to determine the age of some of the speci- mens of Psilaster andromeda, collected by Dr. D. C. Danielssen at Utne, Hardanger. The smallest specimens from Utne have a disc-radius of 0°5 mm. ‘They were young which had recently been transformed to the bottom stage, and thus belong to group 0. Of the rest two specimens measured 3 mm., three 7-8 mm., four 10-12 mm., and two 14-15 mm. By comparing this material with some from other localities it appeared that the next year-class, which is one year old (group I.), is gathered about a disc-radius of 3-4 mm. ‘Two-year old individuals (group II.) have a disc- radius of 7-8 mm., three-year old ones (groupIII.) 12-1ldmm., and four-year old ones (group IV.) 18-20 mm, Pesilaster andromeda has attained its maximum of growth at a disc- radius of 20-22 mm. It should not therefore attain a greater age than four years. The same also holds good for Pontaster tenuispinus, Plutonaster bifrons, Bathybiaster veuillifer, and probably most of the Northern starfishes, Among the species whose age I have determined, Cteno- discus crispatus and Hymenaster pellucidus differ from the above; the former seems only to attain three years and the latter five or possibly six years. c 27 408 Mr. G. A. Boulenger on the Several species, among them our most common starfish (Asterias rubens), I have been unable to examine. The material of some of the species was rather scanty and was from a single locality only. This was the case with Bentho- pecten spinosus and Dytaster agassizi. ‘The specimens examined of these two species (see the table, p. 402) have a disc-radius of 5-10 mm. and 6-12 mm. respectively *, and seem to belong to the same year-class (group II.). The question regarding the age of the starfishes therefore needs further investigation. XL.—Synopsis of the American Species of Rana. By G, A. Boutenesr, F.R.S. (Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) I. Toes pointed or with slightly swollen tips. A. Glandular dorso-lateral fold absent or flat and ill-defined, or, if narrow and prominent, not extending to the hip; tympanum at least 2 diameter of eye, usually much larger, especially in males; tibia 24 to 4 times as long as broad; toes } to entirely webbed; outer metatarsals separated by web nearly to the base; nasal bones in contact with each other or narrowly separated. 1. Male with internal vocal sacs; dorso-lateral fold absent or flat and very indistinct. Vomerine teeth between the choane (rarely just behind them) ; first finger as long as or a little longer than second ; tibio- tarsal articulation reaching tympanum or eye; heels meeting or slightly over- lapping when the hind limbs are folded at right angles to the body; tibia 27; to 2: times in length from snont to vent ; tip of fourth toe free; no dorso-lateral BO sd ah ib sh A aces Vioittats hit estate ihe oot i R. catesbiana, Shaw. Vomerine teeth between the choane ; first finger a little shorter than second ; tibio- tarsal articulation reaching tympanum * The material of Benthopecten spinosus has not a maximum; of Dytaster agassizi, on the other hand, there is a marked maximum at 9-10 mm. comprising 18 individuals (or 52°9 per cent. of the total number). a American Species of Rana. 409 or eye; heels meeting or narrowly sepa- rated; tibia 2} to 23 times in length from snout to vent; web extending to tip of fourth toe ; no dorso-lateral fold. 2, grylio, Stejn. Vomerine teeth on a level with posterior borders of choanz, or just behind them; first and second fingers equal ; tibio-tarsal articulation reaching eye ; heels meeting or slightly overlapping; tibia 2 to 23 times in length from snout to vent ; one or two phalanges of fourth toe free; dorso-lateral fold present or SBCERABAE tS Ser os cj cgee wi rales wort Ook sug Gare R. septentrionalis, Baird. 2. Male with internal vocal sacs; dorso-lateral fold usually very distinct ; vomerine teeth between choanz or just behind them ; first finger as long as or a little longer than second ; tibio-tarsal articulation reaching eye or between eye and tip of snout; heels overlapping ; tibia 13 to 2% times in length from snout to vent; one or two phalanges of fourth toe free. Dorso-lateral fold not extending beyond SACTARTOSION, Yow awds sa sea « PPOWE® Beate R, clamitans, Daud. Dorso-lateral fold extending beyond sacral MOOI s Horn sare adm a aatcbors, Wey shit w ads wd a « R. onca, Cope. 3. Male with external vocal sacs; tympanum not larger than eye ; first finger as long as or slightly longer than second; heels meeting or not. Head as long as broad ; tibio-tarsal articula- tion reaching tympanum ; tibia 22 to 22 times in length from snout to vent; two halanges of fourth toe free; no dorso- WaLeTaRLOlGe ss So ieee ss Hoe haa ow cuore R, virgatipes, Cope. Head broader than long; tibio-tarsal arti- culation reaching tympanum or eye; tibia 2 to 23 times in length from snout to vent; fourth toe webbed to the tip, or last phalanx free; usually a more or less distinct dorso-lateral fold ......., R. montezumea, Baird. B. Glandular dorso-lateral fold very distinct, extending to the hip (exceptionally interrupted posteriorly); nasal bones widely separated from each other. 1. Outer metatarsals separated nearly to the base ; toes obtusely pointed, 3 to nearly entirely webbed ; tibio-tarsal articulation reaching eye, tip of snout, or a little beyond; tibia 33 to 54 times as long as broad, 13 to 2, times in length from snout to vent. a. Male with vocal sacs. Head as long as broad or a little broader or a little longer ; interorbital space much narrower than upper eyelid; dorso- 410 Mr. G. A. Boulenger on the lateral folds narrow or moderately broad, usually with interrupted folds or elongate warts between them; outer metatarsal tubercle absent or ver y indis- tinct; male with external or internal vocal BACS AM Cie ioe hie cma R. halecina, L. Head as long as broad; interorbital space much narrower than upper eyelid; dorso-lateral folds very broad, with a pair of similar folds between them ; outer metatarsal tubercle usually pre- sent; male with internal vocal sacs .. J. palustris, Leconte. 6. Male without vocal sacs. Head broader than long; interorbital space as broad as or narrower than upper eye- lid; tympanum 3 to once-diameter of eye; outer metatarsal tubercle absent Or very indistinct, nny. smc w aes © . RK. draytonii, B. & G. Head as long as broad or slightly broader than long ; interorbital space narrower than upper eyelid; tympanum 2 to $ diameter of eye; a more or less distinct outer metatarsal tubercle ............ R. aurora, B. & G. 2. Web not penetrating beyond basal half of outer metatarsals. a. Glandular dorso-lateral fold narrow or moderately broad ; head moderately large; vomerine teeth on a level with or behind posterior borders of choane. Tibio-tarsal articulation reaching tympanum or eye; tibia 8 to 45 times as long as broad, 2 to 23 times in length from snout to vent ; toes ? to nearly entirely webbed ; inner metatarsal tubercle 3 to 2 length of inner toe; male without VOCAL BAC o.6s satis pines BOK Se ae R. pretiosa, B. & G. Tibio-tarsal articulation reaching tympanum or ee tibia 3 to 4 times as long as broad, 23 to 25 times in length from snout to vent ; toes 4 to 2 webbed ; inner meta- tarsal tuber cle 4 to 3 3 length of inner toe ; 5 male with internal ‘vocal sacs ........ R. cantabrigensis, Baird. Tibio-tarsal articulation reaching beyond eye; tibia 4 to 5 times as long as broad, 12 to 2 times in length from snout to vent; toes } to # webbed; inner meta- tarsal fuberole 2 to 3 length of inner toe ; male with internal vocal sacs ........ . silvatica, Leconte. b. Glandular dorso-lateral fold broad ; vomerine teeth between the choane. Head moderate, slightly broader than long, 3 to 3} times in length to vent; loreal American Species of Rana. 411 region feebly oblique ; tibio-tarsal arti- culation reaching eye; tibia 43 to 5 times as long as broad, 2} to 2} times in length from snout to vent; toes 3 webbed; male without vocal sacs .... 2. godmani, Gthr. Head very large, as long as broad or a little broader than long, 22 to 8 times in length to vent; loreal region very oblique ; tibio-tarsal articulation reach- ing anterior border of eye or between eye and nostril; tibia 4 to 5 times as long as broad, 13 to nearly 2 times in length from snout to vent; toes 4 webbed ; male with external vocal sacs. R. areolata, B. & G. Head very large, much broader than long, 23 to 2% times in length to vent; loreal region very oblique; tibio-tarsal articu- lation reaching tympanum or eye; tibia 3 to 83 times as long as broad, 2 to 2} times in length from snout to vent; toes 4 webbed; male with external WOCAL SACS: 7 vals wales: sks, vieronca s Bde coi oie R. capito, Leconte. II. Toes ending in very small discs; outer metatarsals separated nearly to the base; interorbital space equal to or a little less than breadth of upper eyelid ; nasal bones widely separated from each other. A. Loreal region moderately oblique; toes entirely webbed or two phalanges of fourth free. 1. Tips of fingers swollen; vomerine teeth behind level of choane; tympanum 2 to 2 diameter of eye; tibio-tarsal articulation reaching tip of snout or beyond; head broader than long. - No dorso-lateral fold; tympanum distinct ; heels not overlapping; tibia 13 to 2 times in length from snout to vent; no outer metatarsal tubercle; male without VOC SHCSete ater sts ci otfan dela evo asl leona R., tarahumare, Bley. - Dorso-lateral fold, if distinct, very broad and flat and restricted to the anterior half of the body; tympanum feebly distinct, ill-defined ; heels overlapping; tibia 12 to 14 times in length from snout to vent ; an outer metatarsal tubercle; male with internal VOeal) SACEE Wa. . Cysticercus from a rare Dolphin. 423 As regards the dimensions of the scolex, the present form seems to approach most closely to M. elegans, which has been fairly fully described by both Zschokke * (1889) and de Beauchamp (1905). The length of the scolex in this form is given by Zschokke as 0°-4 mm.—0°8 mm., the width of the scolex as 0°3 mm.—0°4 mm., and the width of the neck as Q°l mm.—0:25 mm. “The other measurements given by both authors agree fairly well with those given above for the cysticercus. There has been some confusion between M, perfectum (van Beneden) and M. elegans, but on comparing the original descriptions it seems highly probable, as Monticelli (1890 p- 434, footnote) and de Beauchamp (1905) contend, that the two forms are distinct. J. elegans, according to de Beau- champ, is 17 or 18 em. in length, while ML. perfectum reaches 30 to 40 cm, (van Beneden, 1853, 1861) or 12 to 15 inches (Diesing, 1863). The scolex is also very much larger in M. perfectum, measuring, according to van Beneden, 1-2 mm. in width, while Diesing gives it as 2-1", M. perfectum would appear tierefore to be a considerably larger form altogether than ML, elegans. Lire-History. It would have been extremely interesting if the eysticercus under discussion could have been shown to belong to Mono- rygma perfectum, since, as Dr. 8. F, Harmer informs me, the host of this species, the Greenland shark (Lemargus borealis) has the habit of biting out pieces of the flesh of living Cetacea, and this would have afforded a satisfying account of the life-history of the parasite. If I. elegans and M. per- jectum were shown to be identical, greater plausibility might be lent to this hypothesis. For the present, however, it seems impossible to assign the cysticercus definitely to any of the species. It may very possibly be that of MM. elegans, which is parasitic in Scyl/ium spp., and to. which species, as has been seen, it approaches closely in the size and structure of the scolex. We have also to remember the somewhat remarkable fact that the cysticerci can remain alive for at least eleven days after the death of the host, and even after its removal from the water. Hence they may very well be swallowed by any species of dogfish that devours pieces of dead dolphins containing the cysts. * Zschokke describes it under the name of M. perfectum, Dies. 28% 424 Ona remarkable Cysticercus from a Dolphin. As regards the long neck of the ecysticercus, it would appear to be one of those apparently useless structures so frequently met with in the animal kingdom, of which no satisfactory explanation is forthcoming. As Moniez remarks: “Tout ce développement se fait en pure perte, car il est bien impossible que la téte du ‘T'énia puisse se dévaginer.”” In all probability all but the portion surrounding the scolex is thrown off and lost when the animal finds its way into its tinal host. The host of the Cysticerecus Teniie Grimaldii, Moniez, though its specific name is not given, would appear to have been the common dolphin (Delphinus delphis), as was also the host of Gervais’s Stenotenta delphint. The worm is now recorded for the first time in Layenorhynchus. REFERENCES. DE Braucuamp, P. Marais. 1905. “Etudes sur les Cestodes des Selaciens.”” .Arch. Parasitol. Paris, ix. p. 463. Dirsine, K. M. 1863. ‘ Revis. der Cephalocotyleen, Abth. Parameco- cotyleen.” Sitz. d. k. Ak, Wiss. Wien, xlviii. Abth. 1, p. 200. Gervais, H. 1870. “Sur les Entozoaires des Dauphins.” Compt. rend. Ac. Sci. Paris, ]xxi. p. 779. Kuaptocz, B. 1907. ‘Neue Phyllobothriden aus Notidanus ...” Arb. Zool. Inst. Wien, xvi. p. 325. Linsrow, O. v. 1907. “ Nematodes of the Scottish National Antarct. Exp., 1902-1904.” Proce. Roy. Soc. Edinb. xxvi. p. 464. Loénnpere, BK. 1898. “Ein neuer Bandwurm aus Chlamydoselachus anguineus.” Arch. Mathem. og Naturvidensk. Christiania, xx. no. 2. Moniz, R. 1889. “Sur la larve du Tenia Grimaldi, nov. sp., para- site du Dauphin.” Compt. rend. Ac. sci, Paris, cix. p. 820. MonTicetut, F. 8. 1890. “ lenco degli Elminti studiati a Wime- reux...” Bull. scientif. France et Belg., Paris, xxii. p. 417. Oxsson, P. 1869. “ Nova Genera parasit. Copepod. et Platyhelm.” Act. Univ. Lund. vi. no. 7, p. 5. VAN BeNneDEN, P.-J. 1853. ‘Sur un poisson rare de nos cétes (Sczm- nus glacialis) et ses parasites.” Bull. Acad. Roy. Belg., Brussels, xx. part 2, p. 258. —. 1861. ‘ Memoire sur les Vers intestinaux.” Compt. rend. Ac. sci. Paris, Suppl. i. p. 125. ZscHokkr, I. 1889. ‘ Recherches sur la structure... des Cestodes.” Mem. Inst. Nat. Genev. xvii. p. 281. On Indo-Chinese [Tymenoptera, 425 X LIT.—On Indo-Chinese Hymenoptera collected by R. Vitalis de Salvaza.—lI. By Rowtanp E. Turner, F.Z.S., ¥.E.S. Family Siricide. Tremex smithi, Cam. Tremex snuthi, Cam. Trans. Ent, Soc. London, p. 470 (1876). 9 ¢. One female, taken at Vieng Vai, Haut Mékong, on June 10, 1918, differs from the typical form in the total absence of yellow abdominal markings, in the more distinct blue gloss on the whole insect, and in the almost clear hyaline base of the wings, extending on the fore wing to the basal nervure and nervulus. I do not know whether these distinctions are merely individual or whether they indicate a local race. The antenne are 22-jointed. Tremex flavicollis, Cam. Tremex flavicollis, Cam. Mem, Manchester Lit. & Phil. Soe. xlii. p. 3 (1899). @. One female, taken at Vien Poukha, Haut Mekong, on May 11, 1918, differs from the description in having the scutellum covered with Jong fulvous hairs, aud in having the fifth and sixth tergites broadly yellow at the base and clothed with long fulvous pubescence towards the apex. The antenne are 2]-jointed. Xiphydria melanopus, Cam. Niphydria melanopus, Cam, Journ. Straits Br. R. As. Soc, xxxix, p- 90 (1903). Hab. Nam Lot, Haut Mékong; May 2, 1918. 19. Described from Borneo. Family Evaniide. Pristaulacus tuberculiceps, sp. u. @. Ferruginea ; capite fusco-ferrugineo ; antennis mandibulisque nigris; alis flavis, venis ferrugineis; cellula cubitali prima macula magna sub stigmate, cellula brachiali sccunda striga obliqua basali, nervuloque macula oblonga venam basalem 426 rs Mr. R. E. Turner on attingente fuscis; cellula brachiali secunda apice leviter infus- cata; ou maximo, vertice fortiter bituberculato. Long. 14 mm.; terebre long. 12 mm. @. Mandibles broad, with two apical teeth, the outer one long, the inner one very short, above the inner tooth the edge of the mandible is broadly rounded. Second joint of flagellum about two and a half times as long as the first, third a little more than half as long again as the second. Clypeus rather sparsely punctured, front minutely and very closely punctured. Head massive, subquadrate, strongly produced behind the eyes, cheeks distinctly longer than the scape, temples distinctly broader than the eyes; posterior ocelli as far from each other as from the eyes and nearly three times as far from the hind margin of the head. Vertex produced posteriorly on each side into a large, upright, blunt tubercle. Behind each of the posterior ocelli, and separated from them by the same distance that separates them from the anterior ocellus, is a minute tubercle, which at first sight resembles a minute ocellus. Thorax without spines or tubercles; neck short; meso- notum and scutellum strongly transversely striated ; pre- scutum concave in the middie anteriorly ; mesopfeurz less strongly striated ; postscutelinm coarsely longitudinally striated, median segment coarsely and irregularly trans- versely striated, bluntly produced above the insertion of the abdomen. ‘Tarsal ungues with a row of four teeth, excluding the apical tooth. Abdomen stout, the first segment very strongly broadened from the base, third and following tergites clothed with very delicate fulvous pubes- cence. Second abscissa of the radius half as long again as the first; second transverse cubital nervure incomplete ; nervulus distinctly postfurcal ; first recurrent nervure received by the first cubital cell at a distance equal to half the length of the first abscissa of the radius before the first transverse cubital nervure. Terebra and valvule black. Hab. Vien Poukha, Upper Mekong (2. Vitalis de Salvaza), May 10) 191s: a2. Easily distinguished from other species of the genus by the extraordinary form of the head. Aulacus bituberculatus, Cam., has similar tubercles on the head, and is probably related to this species, though Cameron says that it belongs to Aulacinus, having three cubital cells. Indo- Chinese Hymenoptera. 127 Family Ichneumonidae. Subfamily Prwpzrr 2. Pimpla vitalisi, sp. n. 2. Nigra; palpis tegulisque pallide luteis; scutello macula mediana pallide flava ; segmentis abdominalibus apice angustis- sime luteo-marginatis; pedibus anticis, intermediis, coxis exceptis, tibiisque posticis dimidio basali testaceis; alis sub- hyalinis, flavo-suffusis, stigmate venisque nigris. Long. 18 mm.; terebre long. 6 mm. ?. Head transverse, narrowed behind the eyes; clypeus raised at the extreme base and punctured, strongly depressed from near the base and smooth; face closely punctured, with sparse fulvous hairs; front concave, shining and almost smooth, with a narrow longitudinal groove. Eyes widely, but very shallowly emarginate. Antenne filiform, distinctly shorter than the whole insect, the third joint about half as long again as the fourth. Thorax stout, shining; the meso- notum minutely and very closely punctured; mesopleurze and scutellum much move strongly and rather sparsely punctured ; median segment coarsely and irregularly trans- versely striate, the sides of the segment rugose-striate, spiracles large, elongate-ovate. Abdomen longer than the head, thorax, and median segment combined, the five basal tergites strongly and very closely punctured-granulate ; first tergite not carinate, strongly excavated at the base, the middle raised and obsoletely bituberculate ; the three apical tergites minutely punctured ; all the tergites narrowly transversely depressed at the apex, the depressed portion smooth and luteous. Valvule clothed with short hairs. Tarsal ungues not pectinate and without a basal tooth. Areolet subsessile, outwardly incomplete on the right wing, complete on the left. Nervulus distinctly postfurcal. Hab. Pang Tiac, Haut Mékong ; May 14, 1918. Described from a single female. Closely allied to the South Indian P. apollyon, Morl., but the stigma and veins are black, not fulvous as in apollyon, the front is more strongly concave and has a sulcus, the mesopleurz are more strongly and _ sparsely punctured and the sculpture of the abdomen is coarser. P. apollyon is without luteous apical margins on _ the abdominal segments. 428 Mr. R. E. Turner on Xylonomus vitiosus, sp. 0. @. Nigra, opaca; palpis, facie, orbitis late, propleuris fascia hori- zontali,mesonoto antice macula magna utrinque fasciaque obliqua utrinque postice, tegulis, mésopleuris macula lineaque ante alas, scutello macula mediana quadrata, maculaque. parva basali utringue, segmento mediano apice late, abdomine fere toto subtus, tergitis primo, secundo, tertioque macula magna laterali triangulari utrinque, fascia anguste apicali connectis, tergitis 4—7 fascia angusta apicali, pedibusque ochraceis; antennis ante apicem late albido cinctis ; alis hyalinis, venis nigris. Long. 16 mm.; terebre long. 10 mm. 2. Clypeus extremely short ; face finely and very closely punctured; front more finely and sparsely punctured ; vertex shining, with a few small scattered punctures. Antenne about 26-jointed, the ten basal joints black, the next nine whitish, the remainder black. Pronotum pro- duced on each side into an acute tubercle; mesonotum closely punctured, with a tendency to irregular reticulation, notauli deep and crenulate, the lateral lobes separated at the apex by a strongly margined longitudinal groove. Seutellum with a deep transverse excavation at the base, the excavation is smooth and shining and divided by a longitudinal carina, the median portion of the scutellum finely and closely punctured, the sides apically depressed and obliquely striated. Pleurze closely punctured. Median segment with an elongate triangular basal area which is immediately followed by a larger cordate area reaching to the base of the apical truncation ; the spaces on each side of the central areas divided by a transverse carina and margined by a carina laterally and apically, the apical angles produced into a strong spine; the dorsal surface of the segment finely and closely punctured. First tergite half as long again as the second, irregularly rugose-reticulate, the apical portion indistinctly transversely strigose and with a low longitudinal carina. Second and third tergites very closely punctured, the second feebly reticulate at the base, both with oblique striated depressions from close to the base to beyond the middle, also with another oblique de- pression laterally cutting off a triangular area at the basal angles, a rounded striated groove joining the lateral grooves _ apically to the median impressions. Apical tergites micro- scopically punctured. Hind tibie black at the extreme base. - Hab, Sala San Yiot, Luang Prabang; March 10, 1918. LO . =f Indo- Chinese Hymenoptera. 429 Allied to annulicornis, Cam., and elizabethe, Bingh., but differs in the absence of blue colouring, in the colour- pattern, in the shorter and broader second tergite, in the spines of the median segment and pronotum, in the con- traction of the central area of the median segment, which in the other species is not divided into two, though narrowed in the middle, and in the shorter terebra. Subfamily Orzronivz. Dicamptus giganteus, Szép. Dicamptus giganteus, Szépligeti, Wytsman, Genera Insect, xxxiv. p. 28 (1905), A single female of this fine species taken at Vieng Vai, Haut Mékong, on June 10, 1918, answers well to the description. The type was from Java. Subfamily Crrpriv#. Vagenatha spinosa, Cam. Vagenatha spinosa, Cam. Proc. Zool. Soc, London, p. 41 (1901). @. Hab. Pak Lay, Laos ; August 2,1918. 1 ¢. Described from Borneo. Family Braconide. Subfamily Braconrva. Campyloneurus latesuturalis, sp. n. 9. Nigra; prothorace, mesonoto, scutello, mesopleurisque antice rufis; mandibulis, apice nigris, palpisque testaceis; sternitis flavo-ochraceis ; alis fusco-hyalinis; stigmate venisque nigris. Long. 8 mm.; terebra long. 6 mm. ?. Face closely punctured and covered with short grey hairs, longitudinally elevated below the base of each antenna. Front and vertex microscopically punctured, the front with a broad, smooth, longitudinal groove below the anterior ocellus. Temples fully half as broad as the eyes; head not narrowed behind the eyes, which are as far from the posterior margin of the head as from the anterior ocellus. Antenne 47-jointed, about 6 mm. in length. Thorax and median segment shining ; the middle lobe of the mesonotum minutely punctured ; notauli smooth, extending almost to the posterior margin of the mesonotum. Median segment smooth on the dorsal surface, minutely punctured and 430 Mr. R. E. Turner on thinly clothed with long grey hairs on the sides. First tergite rugose, the raised median portion with a longitudinal carina, the lateral depressions transversely rugulose, the seg- ment not much longer than its apical breadth. Secoad tergite as long as its basal breadth, coarsely longitudinally rugose, a median carina not reaching to the apex and dilated at the base into a small, smooth, triangular area ; on each side from near the basal angles a longitudinal carina curved at the base extends nearly to the apex of the segment, outside these carine the segment is irregularly obliquely striolate. Suture between the second and third tergites very broad, coarsely longitudinally striated ; third tergite less coarsely aud more closely longitudinally striated, fourth and fifth tergites punctured-rugose, crenulate at the apex. Hypo- pygium cultriform, extending beyond the anus. Valvule covered with very short black hairs. Cubital nervure sharply elbowed close to the base ; second abscissa of the radius almost as long as the third; recurrent nervure received just before the first transverse cubital nervure. Hab. Yong King, Haut Mékong, Apnil 13, 1915. 1 ¢. This is related to “Bracon” umbratilis, Cam., which occurs in the Khasi and Naga Hills, but the securiform articulation is much broader, the sculpture of the abdomen is coarser and different, and the median segment is smoother. The sculpture seems to be nearer to that of “ Bracon” firmus, Cam., but Cameron does not mention the sculpture of the third tergite, and the calcaria in jirmus are said to be white, uot dark as in the present species. Subfamily Hxoruveciva. Eumorpha vitalisi, sp. n. 9. Ferruginea; mandibulis apice, antennis, abdomine supra pedibusque nigris; mandibulis basi, facie, pedibusque anticis intermediisque flavo-ochraceis; abdomine subtus albido-fiavo, nigro-maculato ; alis flavis, tertio apicali infuscatis ; venis apice fuscis; stigmate venisque basi ochraceis. Long. 18 mm.; terebre long. 21 mm. 2. Face opaque, delicately punctured-rugulose, sparsely clothed with long fulvous hairs. Antennz about 15 mm. in length, 107 jointed. Front smooth and shining, shal- lowly concave, with a low longitudinal carina; vertex shining, with small sparse punctures. Head slightly nar- rowed behind the eyes, which are nearly as far from the posterior margin of the head as they are from the anterior ocellus. Thorax smooth and shining; notauli shallow, _Indo- Chinese Hymenoptera. 431 extending well beyond the middle of the mesonotum ; median segment finely and rather closely punctured at the base, smooth at the apex, with a longitudinal median groove. ‘Abdomen elongate, about half as long again as the head, thorax, and median segment combined, the four basal tergites Jongitudinally coarsely rugose-striolate ; the first tergite coarsely obliquely striate on the basal half, nearly half as long again as its apical breadth, rather strongly convex in the middle, the lateral grooves indistinctly trans- versely striated. Second tergite with a feebly convex and strongly longitudinally striated, but ill-defined, triangular basal space "reaching to the middle ; the spaces at the anterior angles small, divided from the rest of the tergite by a smooth oblique groove, the tergite nearly as long as its apical breadth. Suture between the second and third tergites, also the two following sutures finely crenulate. Third and fourth tergites much broader than long ; with large smooth areas at the basal angles uearly reaching the apical angles and bounded by a finely crenulated groove. lifth tergite rugose in the middle, the remaining tergites minutely punctured. Valvulee clothed with short hairs which are black on the basal half, fulvous towards the apex ; terebra with four ill-defined joints on its apical third. Nervulus strongly postfurcal; radial cell not quite reaching to the apex of the wing, second abscissa of the radius as long as the third, recurrent nervure interstitial. Hab. Vieng Vai, Haut Mékong; June 10,1918. 19. - This genus was described by Szépligeti from an Ethiopian species, HL, nigripennis, Szép. The present species agrees well in structural details with that insect, though the recurrent nervure is not interstitial in nigripennis. Both species show the curious jointed terebra. Superficially and in colour the present. species resembles Jphiaulax halyaetus, Cam. Subfamily Acarar sz. Cremnops mekongensis, sp. 0. 2. Testacea; antennis, tibiis posticis apice, tarsis posticis, terebra valvulisque nigris ; alis flavo-hyalinis, venis flavis, vena basali macula ferruginea. Long. 8 mm. ; terebie long. 3 mm. o. Bastin very long ; head smooth and shining, the front deeply excavated above the base of the antenne, the excavation divided by a longitudinal carina; a few small punctures on the vertex. Mesonotum finely punctured, a 432 On Indo-Chinese Hymenoptera. distinct longitudinal furrow on the anterior portion of the median Jobe; notauli deep and finely crenulate, reaching almost to the posterior margin. Scutellum convex, shining, with sparse minute punctures; a deep, bread, transverse groove at the base, in which are three longitudinal carine. Median segment with two strong, parallel, longitudinal carine in the middle, on each side of which are two rather lower parallel carinz, between the carine are lower trans- verse carine giving the segment a coarsely reticulate appearance ; on a slightly lower level is an oblique lateral carina on each side just below the spiracle. Mesopleurs sparsely and finely punctured. Abdomen smooth and shining. Hind legs strongly punctured and _ pubes:ent, tarsal ungues bifid. First abscissa of the radius shorter than the second ; cubital nervure separating the first cubital and discoidal cells obsolete, except at the base; second cubital cell quadrate, the second transverse cubital nervure with a feeble angle above the middle. Radial cell reaching almost halfway from the apex of the stigma to the apex of the wing. Hab. Vien Poukha, Haut Mékong, May 11, 1918. 1 9. Euagathis dubiosus, sp. n. ¢. Flavo-testaceus; flagello, abdomine pedibusque posticis nigris ; alis flavis, stigmate venisque flavis, macula parva prope basin stigmatis nigra. Long. 10 mm. 3. Face finely punctured, with a short median depression below the base of the antenne, the lamellz between the antennz small, Front only shallowly concave, the concave area without marginal carinze, smooth and shining ; vertex sparsely and very minutely punctured. Antenne about 12mm. inlength. Mesonotum closely and finely punctured ; the median lobe obliquely depressed anteriorly, with three low carine extending from the anterior margin to beyond the middle, the apex of the lobe beyond the carinz smooth and shining ; notauli deep, not crenulate. A deep, broad depression, in which are three longitudinal carine, at the base of the scutelium ; postscutellum longitudinally striated. Median segment with a longitudinal carina above and an- other below the large elongate spiracle, the dorsal surface with a transverse basal depression and three almost parallel longitudinal carinz, two oblique carine on each side from the basal depression almost reaching the lateral carina. Abdomen smooth and shining, a ciel trausverse depression on each side at the base of the seccnd segment. Hind legs very closely punctured ; tarsal ungues bifid. Second cubital On a remarkable new Ball-rolling Beetle. 433 cell almost pointed on the radius, the second transverse eubital nervure curved. Apex of the radial cell a little further from the apex of the wing than from the apex of the stigma. Hab. Houei Sai, Haut Mékong, June 6-10, 1918. 1 ¢. Possibly a form of Agathis maculipennis, Brullé, which it resembles in colour, but the second fuscous spot on the fore wing is absent in the present species. Brullé’s description is not sufficient to indicate whether his species should be placed in Huagathis or Disophrys. XLIUL—A remarkable new Buall-rolling Beetle (family Scarabeeide). By GitBert J. Arrow. (Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) A SINGLE specimen of the extraordinary insect here repre- sented, bearing no label to record its origin or habitat, was in the collection of the late B. G. Nevinson, recently. presented to the Britis Museum by his son. Probably, like its nearest allies, it inhabits the western part of Southern Africa, possibly the Bihé district of Angola, from which Mr. Nevinson received other interesting beetles. The specimen is a male, aud the great enlargement of the fore legs is no doubt distinctive of that sex. The enormously thickened front femora seem to indicate great muscular power, and the strangely shrunken intermediate legs appear more singular by contrast. ‘lhe insect is a striking example of speciali- zation by successive atrophy of its members. The front tarsi have disappeared in all the ball-rolling Scarabeidew ; the wings also have gone in the present genus, and here we seem to be advancing towards a reduction in the number of legs from six to four. I refrain from establishing a new genus for this species in view of the unsatisfactory character of several of those at present recognized in the group. I can find no sufficient reason for separating Pachysoma and Mnematium. Although M. silenus, Gray, has the middle coxz apart, the type-species, M. ritchit, has not, and the features relied upon by Macleay for its severance from Pachysoma have been found to have no importance. Similarly, there seems no adequate ground for separating AZnem itidium trom S-vbasteos, Mnematium cancer, sp. n. Nigrum, nitidum, glabrum, corpus depressum, latissimum, capite antice 6-dentato, supra haud dense tuberculato, pronoto hic et; illic minute punctato, lateribus serratis, basi leviter sinuato, 434: On a remarkable new Ball-rolling Beetle. utrinque obtuse angulato; elytris brevissimis, subtiliter obsolete - striatis, hand puncetatis; pedibus anticis validissimis, femoribus fortiter incrassatis, antice acute tridentatis, coxis anticis etiam acute dentatis, tibiis elongatis, extus post medium dentibus sat brevibus 4 armatis, intus serratis, apice leviter incurvato, pedibus intermediis mirabile reductis, tibiis brevibus, apice calcare spatulato munito, tarsis ad horum extremitates vix attingentibus, pedibus posticis modice elongatis, tibiis gracilibus, leviter arcuatis, apice calcaribus spatulatis quam tarsis dimidio brevioribus pre- ditis, extus hirtis nigris dense ordinatis bis cristatis, crista interior integra, exteriori interrupta ; unguibus minutis, haud curvatis aut divergentibus. Long. 48 mm.; lat. max. 32 mm. This-has no close relationship with any other known species. Not only is it much larger, but the conformation of the legs is very different. Their hairy fringes are much Mnematium cancer, sp. n., naturalsize, shorter and more compact, and the swollen and_ strongly toothed front femora and the greatly reduced middle pair of legs have no counterpart in any other species. The shape of the head is as in the species of Sebasteos, very broad and sparsely studded with tubercles. The pronotum is distinctly broader than the elytra and bears only a few small clusters of minute punctures. There is a short upturned fringe of hairs near the middle of the serrated lateral margins, which meet Geological Society. 435 the regularly curved basal margin in an obtuse angle on each side. The very short elytra are shining, like the pronotum, and show traces of fine strize but no punctures. ‘The pygidium is smooth but fora few scattered punctures. The front femora are almost like those of the male Pachylomera femoralis, having a tooth near the base connected by a serrated carina with one of the two sharp teeth situated near the articulation with the tibia, and the coxa is also toothed in front. The great broad front tibia is armed with four teeth along the anterior half of the outer edge, the inner edge is serrated and above it is an upturned fringe of short hairs, while the upper face has also two small brushes of similar hairs upon its anterior half. The middle and hind tibiz each bear a blunt spatulate terminal spur, extending beyond the tarsus in the middle legs, but only half its length in the hind ones. The hind tibia has two parallel fringes of stiff hairs directed upwards, the inner one continuous and the outer interrupted. Both pairs of tarsi are rather broad and the claws are minute, short, straight, and not divergent, PROCKEDINGS OF LEARNED SOCIETIES. GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY, December 4th, 1918.—Mr.G. W. Lamplugh, F.R.S., President, in the Chair. The following communication was read :— ‘The Carboniferous Succession of the Clitheroe Province.’ By Lt.-Col. Wheelton Hind, M.D., B.S., F.R.C.S., F.G.S.; and Albert Wilmore, D.Sc., F.G.S. The tectonic structure of the province consists of three dissected parallel anticlinal folds in beds of Carboniferous-Limestone, Pendle- side, and Millstone-Grit age. The general direction of the axes of these folds is east-north-east and west-south-west. Dissection has exposed the lower beds of Z, C, and S age, as the tectonic axes and beds of D, P, and Millstone-Grit age occur on the flanks. The Limestone sequence shows all the zones from Z to D, Modiola and Cleistopora phases have not been exposed, the base of the Carboniferous not being seen. The Z beds are much thick- ened, and not so fossiliferous as in the Bristol Province. Cand S beds are, as a rule, well-bedded, with shales intercalated between beds of limestone. There are crinoidal beds of considerable thick- ness in places, and shell-breccias are common in 8S. Zaphrentis omalius? indicates an important horizon in Lower C, and these Zones of the 436 Geological Society. beds are characterized by numerous large gasteropods. Productus humerosus (sublevis) marks an equally important horizon in Upper C, as it does in the Belgian Province. D beds are peculiar in the western part of the Clitheroe Province, and are largely represented by shales, mudstones, and thin earthy limestones; but in the north and north-east, in the Settle and Burnsall ashore thick, fossiliferous, obscurely-bedded limestones with a rich brachiopod and mollusean fauna occur. The Pendleside Series is well developed, and practically the whole sequence is exposed on the north-western flank of ‘Pendle Hill. This series can be subdivided into life-zones by the Goniatites. The lower 300 feet consists of well-bedded earthy limestones with much chert, characterized by the presence of Prolecanites compressus. As a rule, there is a well-marked limestone horizon, which the Authors name the Ravensholme Limestone (from a farm of that name at the north-eastern end of Pendle) ; this hmestone contains Zaphrentis amplexoides, Cyathaxonia rushiana, Miche- linia tenuisepta, and M. parasitica, and the fauna is a very important and constant feature throughout the whole province. The Ravensholme Limestone is an important part of the ‘ Pendle- side Limestone’ of the late Mr. R. H. Tiddeman. The Pendleside Limestone is succeeded by hard, black, calcareous shales with Glyphioceras striatum, Nomismoceras rotiforme, and Posidonomya becheri; and these in turn by the Bowland Shales of Phillips, which contain the zones of Glyphioceras spirale and Glyphioceras bilingue. The Upper Pendle Grit succeeds the zone of Glyphioceras bilingue, and is the homotaxial equivalent of Farey’s Grit of the Peak Country. An important horizon occurs between the Kinderscout and the Millstone Grit—Sabden Shales—characterized by a rich fauna with Glyphioceras beyrichianum and Glyphioceras reticulatum. It is considered probable that the well-known fossiliferous Hebden- Bridge Beds may be on this horizon rather than in the Pendleside Series. TABLE OF GONIATITE ZONES. ‘Middle’ Coal Measures. Gastrioceras carbonarium von Buch. Lower Coal Measures. Gastrioceras carbonarium yon Buch. Upper Millstone Grit. Gastrioceras listert Martin. Sabden Shales. Glyphioceras diadema Beyrich. g C Shales below Millstone Grit. ¢- Glyphioceras bilingue Salter. 3 Bowlendicnales: | Glyph ee ENTE Ere: b Glyphioceras spirale Phillips. +I Glyphioceras striatum Phillips. s Posidonomya becheri Nomismoceras rotiforme Phillips. BS Shales. Prolecanites compressus Sowerby. Carboniferous LimestoneD,.- Glyphioceras crenistria Phillips. BALFOUR- BROWNE. Ann. & Maq. Nat. Hist..S. 9. Vol. IIT. Pl. VII. on M0) axe Lee j vipa : BALFOUR-BROWNE. Ann. & Mag. Nat Hist. S. 9. Vol. IG0k, JE WIAHL uf 8. Tou deem xt a an ie . hee — 1 SWINHOE, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. S. 9. Vol. ITI. Pl. FX. = € a s are os = ; & ; rr (aE % ett => ‘ 4 7 i - 3 ~ Se 7 ’ : =e 4 ; . ; = coe eS p= ee 7 : ‘ : a a a - ~y “ : = , 4 Ie; a _- oe na a ah ian a =z, » 4 " 2 ae : , = . i re 7 - Sere = > . le - sis ' ‘ * a - sas : is 5 7 ee iM - “y = * 3 y 7 ) > 5 ri : S An ata ‘ ¥ ¢ ¥ . - + cs A = , . ew = 1 i - = a ae = 7 png mm ae a . : : + f es 6 ee = y 1 : . > i I e . i tl 9 = ‘ . -_ > pa = - i < = . = ba = + 5 ; : : : 2 an A - ¥ e ti r > n P % : : . 7 4 / / 7 : ° ‘“ A — nt 24 ¥ 7 = 0 1 7 ; ae r i A ia % = ’ abe 5 5 ea = . = - ( ees 7 , - : ; iy if f : ve, : ; i ; od bot . 2 : : 5 fe in Taare ce Se #2 . i i : : Ts : aa = cat ’ f ‘ Ann. € Mag. Nat. Hist. S. 9. Vol. III. Pl. X. SWINHOE. aire 8 OE Rs AW 7. On A he rea os a a> a ne 4 aid? ‘ CHAMPION. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. S. 9. Vol. ILI. Pl. XL. Horace Knight, del. Fras. 1-24, Genital armature, ¢, of species of Prionocerus and Idgia. * CHAMPION. Aji & Mag. Nate ist. S09) Vol. TITRRL Xen. 49a Horace Knight, del. - Fics. 25-49. Genital armature, g, of species of Idgia. Fic. 49a. Sixth ventral segment of J. pallidicolor, 2. Fig. 50, Apices of elytra of 7. wncigera, ?. Periodicals published by TAYLOR & FRANCIS. Published the First Day of every Month.—2s. 6d. ea THE LONDON, EDINBURGH, and DUBLIN PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE AND ‘JOURNAL OF SCIENCE. Conducted by» SIR OLIVER JOSEPH LODGE, D.Sc., LL.D., F.R.S, SIR JOSEPH JOHN THOMSON, OM, M.A., Se. D., F.RS., JOHN JOLY, M.A., D.Sc, E.RS., E.GS., GEORGE CAREY FOSTER, B.A; LL.D., E.RS., and WILLIAM FRANCIS, F.LS. Published the First Day of every Month.—2s. 6d. THE ANNALS AND MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY including Zoology, Botany, and Geology. 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On Deronectes depressus, Fab, ., and elegans, Pacer By Franx Batrour-Brownz, M.A. (Oxon. et Cantab.), F.R.S.E., Lec- turer in Entomology in the Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge ; Staff Lecturer in Eneeey. in France; Capt. _ R.A.M.C.T. Reserve. (Plates. VIL. & VE.) ory ign tee x 3 ee a su 293 XXX: On the Geographical Distribution of the Genus Cosmophila, ~ a Noctuid of the Family Gonopteride. By Colonel ¢. SWINHOR. MAS PTS. Gee? (PF ntes TRG a ei oa ealctat aurs am eee et 309 XXXI. New Lyceenids and Hesperids and Two new Species of the Noctuid Family Sigs *,* Tt is requested that all Gounnameatione for this W ork 3 may y be PE, ‘ post-paid, to the Care of Messrs. ‘Taylor and a ree Office, a Red Lion Court, Fleet Street, London. i WITH SIX PLATES. can ees [| s-Vel. 3. = ss NENT SERIES. NG TT 2. ANNALS a. | MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY, ZOOLOGY, BOTANY, anp GEOLOGY. CONDUCTED BY “WILLIAM GARRUTHERS, Pu.D., F.R.S., F.LS., F.G.S., ARTHUR E. 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Medium 8vo, with Teat Illustrations. ; RHYNCHOTA, Vol, VII. Taytor & Francis, Red Lion Court, Fleet Street, E.C, 4. | Super-Royal 8vo, pp. iv, 226. With 4 Plates and 16 Tect- figures. Price 12s. 6d. A CONTRIBUTION. oO oT PHYTOGEOGRAPHY AND FLORA te OF DUTCH N. WwW. NEW GUINEA. 2 BY os Ss. GIBBS, F.L.S., F.R.M.S. TAYLOR AND Francis, Red Vien Court, iS ter Street. Rates for Wilveruedeats i in the Annals waa Magazine of Natural History, — One 2, Big ase okt Twelve : Insertion. Insertions. —_—- Insertions. PAGE) -) 3 2 OO 16 Or eeeh. 112 70 each oe HALF-PAGE - f+) 216150 Os 2976) eee QUARTER-PAGE -. g pan 3 ct 11. 3 re acd 0 Sy Jo ; All applications for space to be made to, Went Mr. H. A. COLLINS, 32 Birdhurst Road, Croydon, Ree THE ANNALS AND MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY. [NINTH SERIES. ] No. 17. MAY 1919. XLIV.—Descriptions of New Pyralide of the Subfamilies Crambinze and Sigine. By Sir Georee F, Hampson, Bart., F.Z.S., &c. [Continued from p. 292. | (169d) Crambus acyperas, sp. n. 2. Head white with a dorsal brown streak; antennz fuscous ; sides of frons, maxillary palpi at base, and palpi except above towards tips brown; thorax cupreous with a dorsal white stripe ; abdomen white suffused with brownish ochreous; legs suffused with brown. Fore wing cupreous rufous; a silvery white fascia from base through the cell confluent with an oblique wedge-shaped mark from apex, defined above and below by dark streaks; a silvery white fascia from base of inner margin to termen at vein 1, defined below by a dark streak and leaving some rufous on inner margin except towards base ; an indistinct curved rufous subterminal line defined on outer side by silvery whitish, interrupted by the white fascia, the area beyond it whitish finely pencilled with brown and with blackish streaks in the interspaces from below the fascia to below vein 2; the apex strongly produced and acutely falcate ; cilia silvery white with some red-brown at tips. Hind wing silvery white faintly tinged with brown. Underside of fore wing and costal area of hind wing suffused with red-brown. Hab. Br. EB. Arrica, Uganda Ry., Mile 478 (Betton), 5 9 type, E. Quaso (Betton), 1 2. Hap. 24-26 mm. Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. iii. 29 438 Sir G. F. Hampson on new (169 f) Crambus chilianellus, sp. n. Head, thorax, and abdomen whitish suffused with red-brown, the head and thorax with some blackish scales; antenne white tinged with cupreous brown ; palpi, pectus, and legs suffused with cupreous brown. Fore wing white tinged with rufous; the costal edge black to end of cell; a silvery white fascia below medial part of costa; a silvery white fascia from base through the cell to termen where it is met by an oblique bar from apex, its terminal half defined above and below by slight dark streaks and with a fine black streak below it in submedian fold to end of cell; the apex strongly produced and acute; a fine black line on termen towards apex and minute black points below veins 5, 4, 3; cilia silvery white with a rufous line near base at middle and some rufous at tips. Hind wing silvery white tinged with brown, the cilia pure white. Underside of fore wing and costal area of hind wing suffused with red-brown except on terminal areas. Hab. Curi1, Mulchen (Zlwes), 1 3,3 9 type. Exp. 30 mm. (169 9) Crambus vittiterminellus, sp. n. Head, thorax, and abdomen whitish suffused with cupreous brown; Ipi and fore legs more fuscous brown. Fore wing whitish suffused with cupreous brown especially on costal area; a white fascia on median nervure from near base to the postmedial line, defined above and below by diffused blackish streaks; postmedial line slight, cupreous brown, very oblique from costa to discal fold at end of the fascia, then defining its lower edge to origin of vein 2 where it terminates ; subterminal line cupreous brown defined on outer side by white, oblique to discal fold, then inwardly oblique and very slightly sinuous; an oblique wedge-shaped white mark from apex, then a series of minute elongate black spots defined by white to submedian fold; cilia silvery white with a cupreous line near base and some cupreous at tips. Hind wing silvery white tinged with brownish ochreous, the cilia pure white. Underside of fore wing and costal area of hind wing suffused with brown, Hab. Br. C. Arrica (Coryndon), 1 2, Mlanje Plateau, 6500’ (Neave),2 6,32 type. Hap. 24 mm. (173 a) Crambus mesombrellus, sp. n. 3. Head and thorax pure white, the sides of palpi, tegule, and patagia red-brown ; abdomen white dorsally tinged with ochreous ; fore legs red-brown in front. Fore wing silvery white; a diffused red-brown fascia in submedian fold to beyond end of cell. Hind wing silvery white tinged with reddish brown except on inner and terminal areas. Underside suffused with red-brown except on terminal areas. Hab. N. Nigenta, Borgu, Yelwa Lake (Migeod), 1 3 type. Hap. 24 mm. Pyralide of the Subfamily Crambine. 439 (1984) Crambus peralbellus, sp. n. Head and thorax pure white; antenne fulvous below; palpi with a fuscous band near extremity of 2nd joint and spot below 3rd; abdomen white, tinged with yellow towards base and brown towards extremity and on yentral surface; fore tibiz and tarsi yellow, the tarsi black at extremities. Fore wing pure white, the costal edge brownish towards base; a slight fulvous yellow striga on upper discocellular, placed on a sinuous pale brown line with an orange-yellow mark before it on costa; an orange-yellow post- medial point. on costa; subterminal line pale brown, excurved to vein 4, then incurved, a fine orange-yellow line beyond it from costa to vein 6; the termen with slight black strie from below apex to below vein 5 and three points between vein 4 and submedian fold ; cilia metallic silver. Hind wing pure white with a slight brown terminal line. Underside of fore wing suffused with brown except on terminal area, a curved brown postmedial line. Hab. Gown Coast, Bibianaha (Spurrell), 5 5, 4 2 type, Kumasi (Sanders), 1 ¢ ; S. Nigerta, Lagos (Sir G. Carter), 1d. Exp. 16 mm. (1936) Crambus argenticilia, sp. n. Head and thorax silvery white; abdomen white tinged with brown; antenne brownish below; palpi with fuscous bands near extremity of 2nd joint and base of 3rd; fore legs suffused with golden cupreous, the tarsi banded with cupreous. Fore wing silvery white, the costal edge brownish to end of cell; a sinuous brown medial line with a black discoidal point on it; subterminal line pale brown, excurved to vein 4, then incurved, a small wedge- shaped rufous mark beyond it on costa, narrowing to a point at apex ; a black-brown terminal line from just below apex to above tornus; cilia metallic silver with a golden tinge. Hind wing silvery white with a fine dark terminal line from just below apex to vein 2. Underside of fore wing suffused with brown except on inner and terminal areas, a curved brown postmedial line. Hab. Serra LEONE, 1 ¢ type; Gorp Coast, Kumasi (Sanders), 29; S. Nieerta, Yaba (Simpson),1 2. Hap. d 14, 2 16mm. (193 d) Crambus fulvinotellus, sp. n. 9. Head and thorax silvery white, the antenne and_ palpi except above bright fulvous, the tegule with subdorsal bright fulvous stripes and the dorsum of thorax fulvous; abdomen white suffused with brown, the anal tuft bright fulvous at tips; fore tibie and tarsi and the mid and hind tarsi at extremities golden fulvous. Fore wing silvery white; the costa bright fulvous, ex- panding into a small triangular mark above end of cell and into a mark rounded below and bisected by a white striga towards apex, defined below by dark fulvous on terminal half; a small triangular fulvous spot at middle of inner margin with a streak beyond it on Z 29 440 Su G. F. Hampson on new the margin expanding into a slight tooth towards tornus; a rather lunulate deep fulvous terminal line; cilia bright fulvous with a deep fulvous line near base. Hind wing silvery white. Underside of fore wing white, the costal area tinged with brown except at apex. Hab. Lovtstapes, St. Aignan (Meek), 3 2 type. Hap. 14mm. (204e) Crambus endoxantha, sp. n. 3. Head and thorax fulvous yellow; antennz white tinged with yellow; abdomen white suffused with fulvous yellow towards base and on ventral surface; pectus and legs white, the tibize and tarsi tinged with fulvous yellow. Fore wing with the costal area to discal fold bright rufous, the costal edge white; a silvery white fascia through the cell, ending rather diffusedly before termen, the area below it fulvous yellow with a white streak defined above and below by dark scales along vein 2 to towards termen; the veins beyond upper angle of cell with slight pale streaks; a terminal series of slight dark points; cilia white mixed with some red-brown especially at middle. Hind wing silvery white with a faint yellowish tinge. Underside white, the fore wing and costal area of hind wing suffused with pale rufous. Hab. Transvaat, Pretoria (Janse), 1 3 type. Hap. 28 mm. (204h) Crambus leucorhabdon, sp. n. 9. Head, thorax, and abdomen grey-brown with a shght cupreous gloss, the head and prothorax with some white; pectus with some white. Fore wing grey-brown with a cupreous gloss; the costal edge white except towards base; a silvery whitish fascia through the cell, narrowing beyond the cell, then expanding towards termen to above vein 6, and whitish streaks on veins 5 to 2 and in basal half of submedian fold and terminal half of vein 1; a terminal series of slight dark points; cilia silvery: white tinged with brown and with a slight brown line near base. Hind wing pale reddish brown, the cilia white with a brown line near base. Underside pale reddish brown. ; Hab. U.S.A., Colorado, Florissant (Cocherell), 19 type. Exp. 38 mm, (205 6) Crambus mediofasciellus, sp. n. ©. Head and thorax cupreous brown, the vertex of head whitish ; antenne brown; palpi dark brown mixed with white especially above; abdomen whitish suffused with rufous. Fore wing cupreous brown mixed with some white especially on inner medial area; a rather ill-defined white fascia along median nervure with a fine black streak below it, and slight whitish streaks on the veins beyond the cell defined by dark scales; some indistinct blackish points before and beyond end of cell; a curved subterminal series of blackish points on the inner side of a whitish line with a slight yellowish shade before it; a terminal series of black points; cilia Pyralides of the Subfamily Crambine. 441 white tinged with brown and with a fine brown line near base. Hind wing white with a faint red-brown tinge. Underside of fore wing and costal area of hind wing suffused with reddish brown. Hab. Br. EK. Arnica, Nairobi (Anderson), 2 2 type, Kabete (Anderson),1 9. Exp. 22 mm. (205 ce) Crambus atratellus, sp. n. 2. Head and thorax black-brown with a silvery leaden gloss; abdomen dark reddish brown ; pectus and legs dark reddish brown. Fore wing dark cupreous brown with a silvery leaden gloss; an indistinct dark discoidal spot; a terminal series of small rather triangular black spots; cilia glossed with silver and with a dark line near base. Hind wing greyish suffused with cupreous brown ; a fine dark terminal line and line near base of cilia. Underside greyish suffused with cupreous brown, the costal area of fore wing darker. Hab. Brazit, Castro Paraia (D. Jones), 1 2 type. Exp. 26 mm. (206 a) Crambus argyrostola, sp. n. @. Head, thorax, and abdomen pure white; palpi at sides, antenne, and legs pale yellowish brown; wings silvery white. Fore wing irrorated with a very few black scales; the base of costa blackish ; two black points on termen above tornus; the apex produced and acute. Underside of fore wing suffused with fuscous to beyond middle. Hab. Nava, Karkloof (Marshall), 1 2 type. Hap. 86 mm. (206 c) Crambus neurellus, sp. n. 2. Head, thorax, and abdomen white, the tegule and abdomen tinged with pale rufous; antenne, palpi, pectus, and legs tinged with pale rufous. Fore wing white mixed with pale rufous leaving the veins white, the medial area below the cell with some rather deeper rufous mottlings ; a black discoidal point detined by white ; a fine black terminal line to vein 2 formed by almost conjoined strie and a black point at extremity of submedian fold; cilia white with a fine black line at middle. Hind wing white with a fine red-brown terminal line to vein 2. Underside white, the fore wing and costal area of hind wing tinged with rufous. Hab. Br. C. Arrica, Fort Johnston (Rendall), 1 2 type. Exp. 18 mm. (206 d) Crambus digrammellus, sp. n. Crambus ligonellus, Druce, Biol. Centr.-Am., Het. ii. p. 292 (nec Zell). Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreous white ; palpi irrorated with brown ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white. Fore wing ochreous white slightly irrorated with red-brown, the terminal 442 Sir G. F. Hampson on new area finely striated with fuscous, the costal edge brownish towards base ; postmedial line red-brown, oblique, arising at vein 7, incurved beyond lower angle of cell and somewhat angled outwards in sub- median fold; subterminal line red-brown, excurved to vein 4, below which it is incurved, then again excurved; a terminal series of black points to vein 2. Hind wing ochreous white. Underside pale ochreous. Hab. Mextco, Presidio (Forrer), 1 36,2 Q type, Godman- Salvin Coll. Ewp., ¢ 16, 9 18 mm. (206 e) Crambus chionostola, sp. n. $. Head, thorax, and abdomen silvery white ; antennz tinged with brown ; palpi rufous at sides; legs tinged with rufous, the tarsi ringed with white. Fore wing silvery white sparsely irrorated with red-brown; an indistinct rather diffused oblique sinuous red- brown line from median nervure near lower angle of cell to inner margin ; postmedial line red-brown, rather punctiform, excurved to vein 4 and angled inwards at vein 2; a terminal red-brown line formed by almost conjoined stri# and points. Hind wing silvery white with a faint red-brown tinge. Underside of fore wing suffused with red-brown, the hind wing with the costal area tinged with red- brown. Hab. Cryuon, N. Province, Mankulam (Pole), 1 3 type. Hap. 18 mm. (206 7) Crambus brunneisquamatus, sp. n. 2. Head, thorax, and abdomen white tinged with ochreous ; palpi irrorated with brown. Fore wing narrow, the costa arched ; pale ochreous irrorated with brown; traces of a sinuous brown medial line from cell to inner margin, of a slightly waved post- medial line excurved to-vein 4, then incurved, and of a curved subterminal line ; terminal black points at veins 3and 2; cilia with a fine brown line before the tips which are white. Hind wing white. Underside of fore wing and costal area of hind wing tinged with rufous. Hab. Br. C. Arrica, Ruo Distr., Muona (Old), 19 type. Hap. 28 mm. (208 a) Crambus albiradialis, sp. n. @. Head and thorax fuscous brown with a silvery leaden gloss ; abdomen white tinged with brown ; palpi whitish at base; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white suffused with red-brown. Fore wing fuseous brown with a golden cupreous gloss; the costal edge white ; a silvery white fascia through the cell narrowing to points at base and termen ; a slight white streak above vein 6 from end of cell to towards termen ; a terminal series of black points ; Pyralide of the Subfamily Crambine. 443 cilia glossed with silver. Hind wing white tinged with brown, the cilia nearly pure white. Underside white, the fore wing and costal area of hind wing suffused with red-brown. Hab, Brazit, Rio Janeiro (Fry), 2 type. Exp. 32 mm. Genus CoNOCRAMBUS, nov. Type, C. atrimictellus. Proboscis fully developed; palpi porrect, typically extending about twice the length of head and fringed with hair above and below; maxillary palpi triangularly dilated with hair ; frons with small pointed conical prominence; antennze of male somewhat laminate and minutely ciliated. Fore wing with the apex hardly produced ; vein 3 from before angle of cell; 4, 5 from angle and approximated for a short distance; 6 from upper angle ; 7, 8, 9 stalked ; 10, 11 from cell. Hind wing with vein 3 from angle of cell; 4, 5 shortly stalked; 6, 7 from upper angle, 7 anastomosing with 8, (1) Conoerambus atrimictellus, sp. un. 3. Head, thorax, and abdomen pale ochreous, palpi at sides and antenne black-brown, thorax with brown slightly mixed. Fore wing pale ochreous; the costal area black-brown; a large diffused somewhat triangular black-brown patch on inner basal area ; the end of median nervure and veins beyond the cell streaked with black; an ill-defined black postmedial line very acutely angled beyond lower end of cell and expanding into a large patch on inner area, its angle joined by a minutely dentate subterminal line from costa; terminal area white irrorated with black scales and with short diffused black streaks on the veins; a terminal series of black points ; cilia white with black line through them and black tips. Hind wing fuscous, the costal and inner areas and cilia whitish. 2. With the ground-colour of fore wing whitish, the markings fuscous, much less distinct and more blurred. Hab. Dutcu N. Guinea, Obi I. (Doherty),19; NEw Guinea, Humbolt Bay (Doherty),22 type; D’Enrrecasteavx Is., Wood- lark I. (Meek), 1 3; LovistavE Is., St. Aignan (Meek), 1 3. Exp, 20 mm. (3) Conocrambus calamosus, sp. n. @. Head and thorax white suffused with brownish ochreous, the antenne browner; abdomen white tinged with brown. Fore wing uniform brownish ochreous with a terminal series of slight dark points. Hind wing silvery white. Underside of fore wing silvery white with a faint ochreous brown tinge. Hab, Transvaat, Lydenburg, 1 2 type. Hap. 30 mm. 444 Sir G. F. Hampson on new (4) Conocrambus obliqua, sp. n. Silvery white; a double fulvous orange stripe on sides of tegule and thorax; palpi fulvous orange at sides; pectus and legs marked with brown. Fore wing with the costal edge dark towards base ; ‘an oblique orange band with darker outer edge from costa before apex to middle of inner margin with a fine streak from it on inner margin towards base, its outer edge bent outwards and connected by a fascia with tornus; termen orange with minutely waved darker line on inner side; cilia orange. Hind wing slightly tinged with fuscous. Hab. Braztt, Amazons, 1 d, Castro Parafa (D. Jones), type in Coll. Rothschild. Hxp. 16 mm. (21) Diptychophora natalensis, sp. n. do. Head, thorax, and abdomen white tinged with ochreous. Fore wing white irrorated with brown and suffused with ochreous leaving ‘some white on inner basal area, defining the lines, and beyond the antemedial and before the postmedial lines towards costa; the lines fuscous and minutely dentate, the antemedial angle below costa, the postmedial at vein 6; a dark-edged yellow figure-of-eight-shaped discoidal spot ; a prominent white subapical spot and subterminal series of black points. Hind wing white tinged with ochreous and with terminal brown line towards apex ; cilia white tipped with brown in parts on fore wing, with fuscous line through them towards apex of hind wing. Hab. Natau, Estcourt (Hutchinson), 23 type. Hap. 14mm. (22) Diptychophora minimalis, sp. n. 3. Head, thorax, andabdomen white tinged with rufous ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen ochreous white. | Fore wing white tinged in parts with rufous, the inner half of medial area and the postmedial area except towards costa irrorated with black ; antemedial line white defined on outer side by black scales, slightly sinuous; an ill-defined yellow discoidal spot; an indistinct curved white postmedial line defined on inner side by black scales; a fine black terminal line from apex to vein 4; cilia black at tips towards apex, wholly white at the indentation. Hind wing white with an ochreous tinge on apical area. Underside of fore wing white, the costal area tinged with rufous except a spot beyond middle. ¢. Head, thorax, and abdomen rufous mixed with black; fore wing almost wholly suffused with rufous and irrorated with black, the antemedial line almost medial defined on each side by black and straight, the postmedial line distinctly defined on each side by black ; hind wing suffused with fuscous; underside suffused with fuscous, the fore wing tinged with rufous, the hind wing with curved ‘postmedial line. Hab. Sterra LEONE (Clements),23,19 type. Hap.10mm. Pyralide of the Subfamily Crambine. 445 (26) Diptychophora argenticilia, sp. n. 9. Head, thorax, and abdomen red-brown tinged with greyish fuscous ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen brownish white. Fore wing deep rufous mixed with some whitish and fuscous, the medial area whiter; a curved blackish medial line ; postmedial line blackish, excurved to vein 4, then oblique ; a terminal series of slight dark points ; cilia deep fiery red at base, with a black line at middle and silvery white tips with some fuscous at tips towards apex. Hind wing white tinged with fuscous; the cilia whiter with a dark line near base. Underside white suffused with fuscous, the fore wing with oblique black bar from costa, the cilia with a black line near base. Hab. Jamatca, Runaway Bay (Walsingham), 1 type. Huxp. 12 mm. (la) Argyria latifasciella. (Sect. Hurhythma, Turner.) Antennz of male bipectinate. Head black with white lines above eyes and at neck; thorax cupreous, abdomen ochreous. Fore wing black suffused with brazen yellow ; ante- and postmedial erect white bands with waved edges, the latter broad, its outer sides strongly indented beyond the cell; a terminal black band with series of black points on it. Hind wing white with subterminal blackish band obsolete towards anal angle and with the area beyond it slightly suffused with fuscous. Hab. N. Avusrratta, Port Darwin, 1 3, 1 @ type. Exp., 36 12, 2 14 mm. (146) Argyria mesozonalis, sp. n. 3. Head and thorax silvery white, the sides of head, subdorsal stripes on tegule, and the metathorax bright rufous; abdomen ochreous, tinged with brown except the anal tuft; antenne rufous ; maxillary palpi rufous, white at tips; palpi yellow tinged with rufous; fore femora dark brown above, the tibie and tarsi red- brown ; pectus, mid and hind legs and ventral surface of abdomen ochreous white. Fore wing silvery white; a bright rufous fascia on costa expanding into a patch at base; a medial rufous band forming a quadrate discoidal patch with a small yellowish spot on it, then narrowing, waved, and slightly irrorated with yellow; a truncate comical patch from the costal fascia before apex, its lower edge produced to a shght oblique tooth; a rufous terminal band with waved inner edge narrowing to a point at apex; cilia paler rufous with a deeper rufous line near base and a silvery gloss at tips. Hind wing silvery white with a faint reddish ochreous tinge ; a terminal series of minute dark points to vein 2. Under side of fore wing suffused with red-brown. Hab. Perv, La Oroya (Ockenden), 1 3 type. Hxp. 20 mm. 446 Sir G. F. Hampson on new (15a) Argyria eromenalis, sp. n. 3. Head, thorax, and abdomen white suffused with red-brown, the ventral surface of abdomen pure white. Fore wing white tinged and irrorated with pale red-brown; a rather diffused red- brown medial line defined on inner side by white, incurved below submedian fold; subterminal line white defined on each side by rather diffused red-brown, curved ; a terminal series of black points. Hind wing white tinged with red-brown. Underside of fore wing and costal area of hind wing suffused with red-brown. Hab. Sumpawa, Tambora (Doherty), 1 & type. Hxp. 10mm. (18b) Argyria bicuspidalis, sp. n. 3. Head, tegule, and prothorax black-brown, the rest of the thorax red-brown; abdomen whitish suffused with rufous; palpi white below towards base; pectus and legs whitish suffused with rufous ; ventral surface of abdomen creamy white. Fore wing yellowish strongly suffused with rufous; a silvery white fascia occupying the cell and bidentate beyond it, the upper tooth short, the lower extending to the subterminal line, the fascia defined below by a black streak on median nervure and to the subterminal line at discal fold; an oblique red-brown postmedial striga from costa to the upper tooth of the fascia; subterminal line red-brown defined on outer side by white and oblique to vein 6, then blackish and angled inwards to near lower angle of cilia, then excurved and again angled inwards above discoidal fold in which it terminates ; the terminal area black irrorated with white, narrowing to apex, towards which it is defined on inner side by white, and narrowing to tornus; cilia rufous, black-brown at tips towards apex. Hind wing whitish suffused with red-brown, darker towards termen ; cilia whitish tinged with rufous. Underside whitish, the fore wing and costal area of hind wing suffused with red-brown. Hab. Br. C. Arnica, Mt. Mlanje (Weave), 1 d; PortruauEsE E. Arrica, E. of Mt. Mlanje (Weave), 1 3 type. Exp. 22 mm. (18d) Argyria quadricuspis, sp. n. Platytes sp., Longstaff, Butterfly-hunting in many Lands, pl. ii. f. 11. 3. Head red-brown and whitish; thorax red-brown ; abdomen ochreous white; antenne brown; palpi pale red-brown, the maxillary palpi white at tips; pectus and legs ochreous white, the tarsi dark brown ringed with white. Fore wing grey-white suffused and thickly irrorated with reddish brown; a silvery white fascia defined by blackish through the cell extending from just below costa to discal fold where it is produced to a tooth just beyond middle, then narrowing and produced to three teeth well beyond the cell, the middle tooth rather longer, the area beyond its medial part more distinctly irrorated white and dark brown; subterminal line Pyralidee of the Subfamily Crambine. AAT white defined on each side by red-brown, very oblique from costa to vein 6, waved to vein 4, then oblique and strongly angled inwards just above submedian fold and outwards at the fold; a black terminal line; cilia white at base, then with brown line, the tips pale red-brown intersected with white. Hind wing white with a faint red-brown tinge, the termen deeper brown, rather broadly at apex and narrowing to vein 2; cilia white with a slight red-brown line near base to discal fold. Underside white tinged with red-brown, the fore wing with the costa deeper red-brown towards apex. Hab. Ruopesta, Zambezi, Victoria Falls (Longstaf’),1 3 type. Exp. 22 mm. (22a) Argyria obliquistrialis, sp. n. 3. Head, thorax, and abdomen creamy white, the last dorsally . tinged with rufous towards base ; palpi irrorated with black-brown at sides; legs tinged with red-brown. Fore wing creamy white tinged in parts with rufous and irrorated with rather large black- brown scales except on terminal half of costal area; very oblique medial and postmedial rufous strie from costa; a double rufous subterminal line, oblique towards costa, then curved; a terminal series of black points ; cilia white with a fuscous line near base and the tips brown. Hind wing silvery white faintly tinged with brown except on inner area. Underside of fore wing and costal area of hind wing suffused with red-brown. Hab. Argentina, Gran Chaco, Florenzia (Wagner), 2 3 type- Exp. 16 mm. (23. a) Argyria albiceps, sp. n. 3. Head and thorax white, the tegule at sides and patagia tinged with red-brown, the vertex of head and thorax with slight dark streak; palpi white mixed with brown; abdomen whitish suffused with dark brown, the anal tuft white tinged with rufous ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white tinged with brown. Fore wing whitish suffused with reddish brown leaving the veins white, the area below the cell from before middle and the area beyond the cell except towards costa irrorated with blackish ; a black terminal line ; cilia white with a black line at middle and some brown at tips. Hind wing brown; a slight dark terminal line; cilia white with a brown line at middle and the tips tinged with brown. Underside suffused with brown. Hab, Transvaat, Bultfontein (Janse), 2 3 type. Hap. 18 mm. (236) Argyria unipunctalis, sp. n. Head and thorax white, the tegule at sides and streak through middle of patagia tinged with pale red-brown; abdomen white, dorsally suffused with pale red-brown towards base ; palpi, pectus, and legs tinged with pale red-brown. Fore wing white tinged 448 Sir G. F. Hampson on new with pale red-brown and slightly irrorated with darker brown, the veins and costal edge white; a black discoidal point; a terminal series of black points; cilia white with a brown line near base and the tips tinged with brown. Hind wing almost pure silvery white. Underside of fore wing except the costal edge and the costal area of hind wing suffused with pale red-brown. Hab. Transvaat, Tweetontein (Janse), 1 dg, Van der Merwe’s Farm (Janse), 1 3,3 Q type, Pretoria (Distant, Janse), 2 3. Hap, 20-22 mm. (23 e) Argyria arealis, sp. n. Head, thorax, and abdomen white tinged with ochreous, the last long and slender; antennz fuscous at sides; palpi long; fore femora and tibie fuscous on inner side. Fore wing long and narrow, the apex produced, ochreous white irrorated with reddish brown ; a black discoidal point defined by white ; a terminal series of black points ; cilia tinged with brown and with a blackish line through them. Hind wing silvery white. Underside of fore wing and costal area of hind wing tinged with red-brown. Hab. Masnonatann (Dobbie), 3 3,3 2 type. Hxp. 16-20 mm. (24a) Argyria albivenalis, sp. n. 2. Head, thorax, and abdomen white faintly tinged with rufous, the last with some fulvous yellow at base of dorsum. Fore wing white suffused with rufous leaving the veins white, the interspaces of terminal half slightly irrorated with brown; a slight brown terminal line. Hind wing silvery white. Underside of fore wing and costal area of hind wing tinged with rufous. Hab. Paraguay, Santa Cruz (S. Moor), 1 9 type. Hap. 22 mm. (269) Argyria atrisparsalis, sp. n. Diatrea neuricella, Druce, Biol. Centr.-Am., Het. ii. p. 295 (nec Zell). Head, thorax, and abdomen white tinged with rufous. Fore wing white tinged with rufous and sparsely irrorated with black- brown, the submedian fold pure white ; a minute antemedial black- brown spot on mner margin and black discoidal point; a terminal series of prominent black points slightly defined on inner side by white. Hind wing white faintly tinged with red-brown. Under- side white tinged with red-brown. Hab. Mexico, Vera Cruz, Atoyac (H. H. Smith), 1 3 type, Tobasco, Teapa (H. H. Smith), 1 2, Godman-Salvin Coll. Hzp., 3 26, 2 30 mm. (267) Argyria tumidicostalis, sp. n. Hind wing of male with glandular swelling at base of costa. 3g. Head and thorax whitish suffused with red-brown, the palpi at sides and patagia irrorated with black-brown ; abdomen white tinged Pyralids of the Subfamily Crambine. 449 with red-brown ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white tinged with rufous. Fore wing whitish suffused with red-brown ; a rather diffused dark red-brown fascia below median nervure to just beyond end of cell and a few black-brown scales beyond the cell; a terminal series of minute black spots with silvery white points in centres ; cilia silvery white with a red-brown line at base. Hind wing white, the costal area tinged with red-brown ; a red- brown terminal line from apex to vein 2. Underside of fore wing and costal area of hind wing suffused with red-brown. Hab. Brneat, Patna, 2 3b type. Hwp. 24 mm. Larva in sugar-cane. (26 7). Argyria sticticraspis, sp. n. @. Head and thorax greyish ochreous suffused with red-brown ; palpi irrorated with dark brown ; abdomen greyish ochreous with some rufous at base of dorsum ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white tinged with ochreous brown. Fore wing greyish ochreous suffused with red-brown, the cell and areas just below and beyond it irrorated with darker red-brown; a curved post- medial series of small red-brown spots in the interspaces from below costa to above vein 1; a terminal series of minute black spots defined on inner side by slight white spots ; cilia with slight red- brown lines near base and at middle. Hind wing pure white. Underside of fore wing white tinged with rufous. Hab. Mapras, Coimbatore (B. Fletcher), 1 2 type. Exp. 30 mm. Larva in sugar-cane, (264) Argyria coniorta, sp. n. 3. Head and thorax pale red-brown; antenne ringed black and white; palpi whitish mixed with dark brown; abdomen whitish dorsally suffused with brown towards base; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white tinged with red-brown. Fore wing pale red-brown mixed with some whitish and irrorated with blackish especially along median nervure and in and beyond end of cell; a medial series of slight black spots, incurved below the cell and sometimes reduced to the spot below the cell; two blackish discoidal points, the lower one sometimes defined on outer side by white ; a more or less distinct curved blackish subterminal line ; a terminal series of minute black spots defined on inner side by minute white spots ; cilia with two dark lines through them. Hind wing almost pure white. Underside of fore wing and the costal area of hind wing suffused with reddish brown. Hab. Sixxrm, 1800’ (Dudgeon), 1 $ ; Beneat, Behar, Pusa, 4 3 type. Exp. 20-26 mm. Larva im sugar-cane. (267) Argyria argyropasta, sp. n. ¢o. Head and thorax red-brown mixed with some dark brown ; abdomen white tinged with brown; pectus, legs, and ventral 450 Sir G. F. Hampson on new surface of abdomen white tinged with red-brown. Fore wing pale red-brown mixed with whitish and irrorated with fuscous and a few silvery scales ; a white streak below basal half of submedian fold and a streak below basal half of vein 5; a curved subterminal series of slight silvery points and slight dark streaks in the interspaces towards termen; cilia brown glossed with silver. Hind wing almost pure white. Underside of fore wing and costal area of hind wing tinged with red-brown. Hab. Carr Cotony, Annshaw (Jliss F. Barrett), 1 3 type. Exp. 14 mm. (26m) Argyria poliella, sp. n. Q. Head and thorax white with a slight brownish tinge ; abdomen white with fulvous yellow dorsal patch on 2nd segment. Fore wing white slightly tinged with brown and with greyer streaks in and below cell and between the veins of terminal area ; a minute discoidal black point; a very indistinct brown postmedial line, strongly excurved from costa to vein 5 then very oblique; a terminal series of black points. Hind wing white. Hab, Br. C. Arrica, Upper Shiré R., Zomba (Rendall), 1 9 type. Hxp. 26 mm. (262) Argyria psammathis, sp. n, @. Head and thorax pale red-brown mixed with whitish; palpi irrorated with black ; abdomen white tinged with pale red-brown and with some fulvous yellow towards base of dorsum. Pectus, Jegs, and ventral surface of abdomen white tinged with pale red- brown. Fore wing whitish suffused with pale red-brown and slightly striated with blackish especially on inner half of medial area; a slight dark spot on upper discocellular; postmedial line indistinet, dark, excurved to vein 4, then oblique and slightly sinuous; a terminal series of minute black spots defined on outer side by silvery spots on the cilia. Hind wing almost pure white with a slight dark terminal line from apex to vein 4. Underside of fore wing and the costal area of hind wing tinged with red- brown. : Hab. Gotp Coast, Bibianaha (Spwrrell), 19; N. Nieerta, Bida (Macfie), 1 2 type, Minna (Macfie),1 2. Hap. 24mm. (260) Argyria bipunetalis, sp. n. @. Head and thorax white irrorated with brown ; palpi irrorated with large black seales; abdomen, pectus, and legs white tinged with red-brown. Fore wing white irorated with brown except along median nervure and the base of the veins beyond the cell ; two obliquely placed black discoidal points ; a black terminal line; cilia silvery white with some blackish at tips. Hind wing silvery white. Underside of fore wing and costal area of hind wing faintly tinged with red-brown. Hab. N. Nigeria, Zungeru (Macfie), 2 2 type. Hxp. 26mm. Pyralidze of the Subfamily Crambine. 451 (28a) Argyria vittatalis, sp. n. 3S. Head white, the antenne tinged with red-brown, the frons at sides and palpi red-brown; thorax red-brown with a cupreous tinge and white dorsal stripe; abdomen white tinged with red- brown ; pectus and legs white tinged with red-brown. Fore wing cupreous brown, the area below submedian fold white with some cupreous brown suffusion at base of inner margin and dark irrora- tion above middle of inner margin; the costa pale rufous towards apex with an obliquely curved white fascia from below apex to above median nervure at origin of vein 2, its upper edge somewhat diffused ; a slight dark discoidal spot; a dark terminal line with a narrow white band before it ending in a point above submedian fold ; cilia white tinged with cupreous. Hind wing pale cupreous brown; a dark terminal line with some white before it except towards tornus ; cilia white tinged with cupreous. Underside red- brown, the hind wing with indistinct curved dark subterminal line. Q. Fore wing without the cupreous brown at middle of inner margin; hind wing white faintly tinged with brown and with a rather darker subterminal band. Hab. Brazit, Sao Paulo (D. Jones), 1 3, 4 2 type; Para- Guay, Sapucay (Foster), 12. KHxp. 32-36 mm. (28 ce) Argyria endochralis, sp. n. Q. Head and thorax whitish tinged with red-brown, the tegulz at sides and patagia bright red-brown ; palpi red-brown; abdomen, * pectus, and legs whitish tinged with red-brown. Fore wing pale rufous, the area below submedian fold white tinged with rufous and with some dark irroration below medial part of vein 1; a slight brown discoidal lunule; an oblique brown streak from apex to vein 5 beyond the cell; a dark terminal line except towards tornus; cilia with a brown line near base. Hind wing whitish tinged with rufous ; a fine brown terminal line except towards tornus. Under- side whitish tinged with rufous, the terminal areas rather whiter, Hab. Ancentina (Leech), 3 2 type. Hap. 36mm. (28d) Argyria leucomeralis, sp. n. Head white, the antenne and palpi at sides tinged with rufous ; thorax and abdomen white with a golden tinge; fore legs red- brown on inner side. Fore wing with the costa pure white, the wedge-shaped area from just below it to the discal fold red-brown with a golden tinge; the area between discal and submedian folds pure white with some red-brown irroration towards termen; the inner area white tinged with rufous; an indistinct double brown post- medial line filled in with white from submedian fold to inner margin, excurved just above vein 1, then strongly incurved ; a silvery white subterminal line slightly defined on outer side by blackish on the red-brown area, then on each side by rufous, oblique towards costa, then excurved and slightly incurved at submedian fold; a dark 452 Sir G. F. Hampson on new terminal line witha black point below submedian fold ; cilia white, brown at base at apex and tinged with brown towards tornus. Hind wing silvery white. Underside of fore wing with the costal half red-brown, the inner half white tinged with red-brown; hind wing with the costal area suffused with red-brown. Hab. Sterna Leone (Clements), 3 3, 1 2 type. Hap. 16-22 mm. (29a) Argyria retractalis, sp. n. $. Head and thorax cupreous brown mixed with white ; antenne, frons, and palpi cupreous brown; abdomen white suffused with red-brown on basal half and with red-brown subdorsal spots on terminal half; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white, the tarsi brown at extremities. Fore wing with the basal area white with the costal edge cupreous brown and a patch of cupreous brown suffusion from subcostal nervure to vein 1; antemedial line black defined on inner side by white, arising at subcostal nervure, excurved at median nervure and strongly incurved at vein 1; medial area cupreous brown with a white streak below costa; postmedial line black, minutely waved and defined on outer side by white to vein 3, then retracted upwards to below costa, then with an inward curve to middle of inner margin, its retracted part cupreus brown above discal fold, a white patch before it on costal area and its retracted part with a strong white band on its outer side, a _cupreous brown band beyond it and below it from vein 3 to inner margin; the terminal area white with rather dentate inner edge ; a punctiform dark cupreous brown terminal line; cilia white. Hind wing silky white with a slight cupreous brown terminal line from vein 7 to below 4. Underside of fore wing and costal area of hind wing suffused with cupreous brown. Hab. Br. Gutana, Demerara (Rodway), 1 3 type. Eup. 16 mm. (8la) Argyria undulalis, sp. n. Head and thorax creamy yellow tinged with rufous; abdomen ochreous with a rufous tinge towards base of dorsum; pectus and legs white, the latter slightly irrorated with brown. Fore wing ochreous suffused with rufous; a rather diffused blackish ante- medial line, angled outwards below costa, then waved; an oblique blackish discoidal striga with a waved shade formed by dark scales from it to vein 1; postmedial line blackish with some silvery scales on it, dentate, obliquely excurved to discal fold, then incurved and excurved below submedian fold; a terminal series of minute black points ; cilia red-brown at base, silvery white at tips. Hind wing ochreous white with a slight rufous tinge; a terminal series of black points to vein 2; the cilia white. Underside creamy white, the costal areas irrorated with black; both wings with slight curved black postmedial line from costa to vein 4. Hab. Breneat, Pusa (Lefroy), 235, 2 2 type; Manras, Bangalore (Alinchin),1 3. Eaxp., 5 14, 2 16mm. Pyralidz of the Subfamily Crambine. 453 (816) Argyria conisphoralis, sp. n. 3. Head and thorax grey tinged with brown and irrorated with black; antenne tinged with white; sides of frons with white lines; palpi white below except towards tips; abdomen white suffused with brown; pectus and ventral surface of abdomen white; legs white and brown. Fore wing white almost entirely suffused with red-brown and irrorated with black ; antemedial line black, waved; two black points at middle of costa and two discoidal points on a whitish spot; postmedial line black, excurved from below costa to vein 4, then oblique, sinuous and defined on each side by white ; a slight waved blackish subterminal shade ; a fine black line before termen and a terminal line; cilia white with a strong black-brown line through them. Hind wing brown tinged with grey ; a blackish terminal line ; cilia white, brown at base and with brown line through them. Underside white; fore wing suffused with brown except on costal and inner areas, a blackish mark at middle of costa and curved postmedial line from costa to vein 3; hind wing with the costal area tinged with brown and irrorated with black, a brown postmedial line from costa to vein 2. Hab. C. Cutna, Tientsin (Thomson), 1 3d type. Exp. 14mm. (32 a) Argyria molybdogramma, sp. n. Head, thorax, and abdomen pale creamy yellow, the shoulders tinged with rufous, the base of abdomen more fulvous yellow; palpi tinged with rufous; pectus and legs white, the fore legs tinged with rufous in front. Fore wing pale creamy yellow suf- fused with rufous, the costal edge blackish towards base ; antemedial line black suffused with silver and rather diffused on inner side, excurved below costa and slightly incurved at middle; a pale yellow patch in end of cell defined on outer side by a curved brown line and with a black streak above it on costa; postmedial line black suffused with silver, strongly excurved below costa and slightly above inner margin, slight white marks before and beyond it on costa followed by a short black streak; a terminal series of minute blackish points ; cilia creamy white with two strong fuscous lines through them. Hind wing whitish, the terminal area tinged with rufous except towards costa; a curved brownish postmedial line ; a slight brown terminal line and line through the cilia inter- rupted at submedian fold. Underside yellowish white ; both wings with the costal areas irrorated with brown, a small brown discoidal spot and postmedial line excurved below costa. Hab. QUEENSLAND, Townsville (Dodd), 13,19 type. Eyzp., 3 14, 9 16mm. (3826) Argyria calamochroa, sp. n. Head and thorax ochreous tinged with rufous ; abdomen ochreous white with a more orange-yellow patch near base of dorsum; pectus and legs ochreous white, the hind tibie blackish at extremity and Ann, & Mag. NV. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. iii. 30 454 Sir G. F. Hampson on new the spurs ringed with black, the ventral surface of abdomen with some black scales. Fore wing ochreous tinged with rufous and irrorated with dark brown ; antemedial line represented by blackish spots in the interspaces and black spot at costa, excurved below costa; two slight dark discoidal spots; postmedial line blackish with a small black spot at costa, excurved below costa and slightly above inner margin; a terminal series of black points and strie; cilia with a black line through them. Hind wing ochreous white ; a diffused brownish postmedial line from costa to vein 4; a terminal series of black points with a rather maculate brownish shade before them ; cilia with brown mixed. Underside of fore wing ochreous, the costal area whitish irrorated with blackish, antemedial and medial black points on costa; a small discoidal spot with striga above it from costa, and curved brown postmedial line ; hind wing ochreous white, the costal half irrorated with blackish, a wedge- shaped patch of black irroration below terminal half of submedial fold, a brown postmedial line from costa to vein 3, excurved below costa. Hab. N. Nigeria, Zungeru (Macfie), 29; Br. E. Arrica, Gwelil (Betton), 1 3d type, Eb Urru (Betton), 29; Br. C. Arrica, Likoma (de Jersey), 1 ¢ , Shire Valley, Mwanza (Weave), 1 9; Porruaurnse E. Arrica, Mt. Chiperone (Weave), 1 6; Care Cotony, Annshaw (Miss F. Barrett), 2 6. Hap. 18 mm. (84¢) Argyria duplicilinea, sp. n. Head white; thorax white mixed with cupreous brown ; abdo- men fuscous brown with some whitish at base; antenne black; maxillary palpi at base and palpi below black; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen brown and white, the tarsi banded brown and white. Fore wing white, tinged in parts with brown and irrorated with a few black scales especially on costal area except towards apex; a minute blackish annulus in middle of .cell; medial line black, angled outwards at discal and submedian folds; subterminal line double, black, oblique towards costa, excurved at discal fold and slightly above inner margin, black streaks from it to termen above and below vein 6 and some cupreous brown suffusion at discal fold; a terminal black line towards apex and point below vein 3; cilia with a black line through them towards apex and some cupreous brown at discal fold. Hind wing white suffused with fuscous, the cilia whiter with a black line near base. Under- side suffused with fuscous. Hab. StErRA LEONE (Clements), 1 $; Gotp Coast, Bibianaha (Spurrell), 1 2 type. Hap. 16mm. (384 e) Argyria leucopsumis, sp. n. 3. Head white tinged with rufous; thorax and abdomen rufous mixed with black; antenne pale rufous; pectus, hind legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white tinged with rufous, the fore and mid legs dark brown, the tarsi ringed with white. Fore wing Pyralidze of the Subfamily Crambinaa. 455 whitish suffused with rufous and black-brown, the costal area black- brown irrorated with blue-white; antemedial line black-brown defined on inner side by white, very oblique to median nervure towards end of cell, and strongly incurved at vein 1, a white fascia below costa from it to above end of cell; a rounded black discoidal spot; subterminal line white defined on inner side by black-brown, curved; cilia white at base, tinged with rufous at tips. Hind wing cupreous brown, the cilia creamy white with a slight brown line at middle. Underside of fore wing dark red-brown, a curved whitish subterminal line with streaks beyond it in the interspaces ; hind wing suffused with red-brown, a curved dark subterminal line with whitish streaks beyond it in the interspaces. Hab. Assam, Khasis, 1 ¢ type. Hxp. 24mm. (84f) Argyria bostralis, sp. n. @. Head, thorax, and abdomen red-brown tinged with grey, the vertex of head and base of abdomen reddish ochreous; palpi whitish below ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen whitish tinged with brown. Fore wing red-brown tinged with grey; an indistinct oblique blackish antemedial line; a slight whitish discoidal lunule; postmedial line indistinct, blackish, excurved from below costa to vein 8, then incurved; a terminal series of blackish points. Hind wing grey suffused with brown. Underside grey suffused with red-brown, the terminal areas paler ; both wings with indistinct curved dark postmedial line. Hab. Br. EH. Arrica, Uganda Ry., Kibwezi (Neave),1 9 type. Exp, 22 mm. (4) Eudorina semifascia, sp. n. @. Head, thorax, and abdomen whitish strongly suffused with deep rufous, the ventral surface of abdomen whiter, the tarsi ringed with whitish. Fore wing deep rufous; a minute white spot at upper angle of cell; a narrow inwardly oblique white postmedial band from costa to vein 4, defined on outer side by rather diffused dark brown; an indistinct rather diffused dark subterminal line ; a dark terminal line; cilia with rather maculate white line at base. Hind wing whitish suffused with rufous. Underside of fore wing rufous with rather diffused inwardly oblique postmedial dark line from costa £0 vein 4. Hab. Durcu N. Guinea, Fak-fak (Pratt), 1 9 type. Luxp. 16 mm. (5) Eudorina diffusa, sp. n. 3. Head, thorax, and fore wing dark red-brown, palpi at base and throat white; legs ringed with white. Fore wing irrorated with some white scales on medial area; a diffused oblique patch from costa to lower angle of cell; an oblique line from apex to vein 6 where it nearly joins a diffused band extending to just 30* 456 On new Pyralidee of the Subfamily Crambine. above inner margin; a terminal series of black and white points. Hind wing and abdomen paler. Hab. Br. New Gutnea, Milne Bay (Week), 2 3; D’ EnTRE- CASTEAUX Is., Ferguson I. (Meek), 2 5 type. Hap. 20mm. (6) Eudorina triangulifera, sp. n. $. Head and thorax dark red-brown with whitish stripe on vertex; abdomen paler. Fore wing dark red-brown with slight dark streaks in and below middle of cell; a triangular blackish patch on middle of inner margin with broad whitish edge extending nearly to the cell, a similar postmedial patch on costa extending down to vein 5 ; an oblique obscure whitish subterminal line. Hund wing paler. Hab. Br. New Guryea, Milne Bay (Meek), 1 ¢ ; D’ENTRE- CASTEAUX Is., Fergusson I., N. Guinea (Meek), 1 3 type. Hap. 20 mm. (10) Eudorina ocellata, sp. n. @. Dark red-brown; palpi white below; legs ringed with white. Fore wing with oblique pure white, black-edged subbasal spot ; the orbicular and reniform rufous and black-edged, the latter with its edge incomplete above and connected with costa by an oblique white bar; a short oblique white streak from apex ; a sub- terminal dark line with some white scales on its inner edge from just below the apical streak to inner margin. Hind wing paler rufous. Hab. Mouvccas, Batchian (Doherty), type 9 in coll. Roth- schild. Hep. 22 mm. (11) Eudorina leucoselene, sp. n. 3. Head and thorax deep rufous; abdomen paler rufous; palpi below towards base and pectus in front and at sides white. Fore wing deep rufous ; a dark brown antemedial spot with two white points on it below median nervure, a red-brown line from it, oblique to above inner margin and with some diffused whitish before it; a slight whitish spot on upper part of middle of cell; a small white discoidal lunule defined by rather diffused dark brown; a curved punctiform whitish postmedial line, almost obsolete from below costa to discal fold ; a fine dark terminal line; cilia with a series of minute white spots at base. Hind wing whitish suffused with rufous especially towards termen; a slight faint dark discoidal spot; cilia with a fine whitish line at base. Underside of fore wing and costal area of hind wing rufous, the hind wing with oblique rather diffused postmedial dark line from costa to beyond lower angle of cell. ©. Fore wing with small white spot below base of cell, elliptical subbasal spot in the cell, rather quadrate antemedial spot on median nervure, the discoidal lunule larger and oblique, two minute On new Entozoa from Birds in Uganda. 457 spots below the costa before a distinct postmedial spot and a rather conical spot before termen below apex, all defined by darker brown: a terminal series of small dark spots. Ab. 1, 2. Fore wing without the white spots below base of cell and apex, a subterminal series of minute dark spots between discal and submedian folds. Hab. Durch New Guinea, Mimika R. (Wollaston), 1 9; Br. New Guinea, Milne Bay (Meek), 1 3, 19 type. DPuxp., ¢ 22, 9 24mm. 2 [To be continued. ] XLV.—Some new Entozoa from Birds in Uganda. By H. A. Bayuis, M.A. (Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) . THroucH the kindness of Dr. G. A. K. Marshall I have been enabled to examine a collection containing examples of eight species of Nematodes and Cestodes from birds in Uganda. These were collected and forwarded to the Im- perial Bureau of Entomology by Mr. C. C. Gowdey in 1917. The collection includes three species of Nematodes and five of Cestodes, all of which are probably new to science. Two of the Nematodes and one of the Cestodes unfortunately cannot be fully described, owing to paucity of material, but of the remainder Mr. Gowdey has been remarkably successful in obtaining complete and well-preserved specimens. The types will be deposited in the helminthological collection of the British Museum (Natural History). NEMATODA. 1. Ascaris colura™, sp. n. Host: Lophoaétus occipitalis. Two female specimens of an Ascarid from this host occur in the collection. Both are of about the same dimensions : length 46 mm., maximum thickness 1 mm, The transverse striations of the cuticle are very fine and not very distinct. The body tapers gradually anteriorly and very suddenly posteriorly. Just behind the lips the thickness of the neck is 0°} mm. ‘There is practically no tail, the posterior end * «édoupos, dock-tailed, stump-tailed. 458 Mr. H. A. Baylis on new being quite rounded and the anus situated at only 0°23 mm. from the extremity. The thickness at the anus is 0°55 mm. The lips (fig. 1) are large and roughly hexagonal in outline. There are three small interlabia (fig. 1, 7.Z.). As seen from the front, each lip has two sharp projecting longi- tudinal ridges internally, with an indentation between them. Dentigerous ridges (fig. 1, D.R.) are well developed on the inner surface of the lips.) The “pulp” of each lip is pro- duced anteriorly into two large rounded lobes. The ventro- lateral lips have each a pair of very slightly raised papille (fig. 1, P.) ; the dorsal lip apparently has none. Fig. 1. Ascaris colura; the head, seen from the dorsal side. D.L., dorsal lip; D.R., dentigerous ridges; L.L., interlabium ; P., papilla of ventro-lateral lip. The cesophagus is slender and of nearly uniform thickness throughout. Its length is about 7 mm. From the point where it enters the chyle-intestine a long intestinal diver- ticulum runs forward to about 1°6 mm. from the anterior end. There is apparently no cesophageal appendage. The vulva is situated at about 17 mm. from the anterior end. ‘The two uterine branches run backwards parallel to each other. The coils of the ovaries extend back almost to the posterior end of the body. The eggs are oval and have Eintozoa from Birds in Uganda. 459 a thin, rough shell. They measure 112 x 70 w-125 x 75 wu. They do not contain a formed embryo at the time of laying, Note.—The presence of an intestinal diverticulum, according to the view of some authors, necessitates the formation of a distinct family, or, at least, subfamily, for the three-lipped nematodes possessing it [see Railliet and Henry, 1912, 1915 *]. The genera comprised in this “ family,” however, do not seem to have been very clearly defined up to the present. The species under discussion is therefore named only pro- visionally Ascaris, sens. lat. 2. Subulura plotina, sp. n. Host: Plotus rufus. (Darter.) The male (of which there is only one example) measures 8:2 mm. in length and 0°34 mm. in maximum thickness. Tlie female (largest of four specimens) is 14:2 mm. long and 0°46 mm. thick. The worms are of slender build, tapering gradually at either end, In both sexes the neck bears a pair of lanceolate cuticular ale at the sides, extending from the anterior end to about the beginning of the cesophageal bulb. The opening of the mouth is apparently hexagonal in outline. There is a small mouth-capsule with three very small teeth at the entrance to the cesophagus, as is usual in this genus. There are no lips, but the mouth is surrounded by six (?) very small papillae. The excretory pore is situated at 0°45 mm. from the anterior end in the male and at 0°55 mm. in the female. The cesophagus has an oval posterior bulb, which is distinctly marked off from the anterior portion, and has its hinder end pushed in, as it were, into the beginning of the intestine. The length of the cesophagus (including the bulb) is 1°25 mm. in the male and 1°5 mm. in the female. In the male the tail (fig. 2) measures only 0-2 mm. in length, and has no alee. Tue preanal sucker, which is elon- gated in shape and has no chitinous border, is situated at about 0°4 mm. in front of the anus. The spicules (fig. 2, Sp.) are equal in length (about 0°9 mm.) and accompanied near the anus by an accessory piece (? two accessory pieces) (fig. 2, A.P.), the longest portion of which measures 0°15 mm, There are ten pairs of papilla—six postanal (fig. 2, 7-6), one paranal (fig. 2, 7), and three preanal (fig. 2, J-Z/1). Of these the third postanal (counted from the tail-tip) and the paranal are more laterally situated than the rest. The most * Bull, Soc. Path. exot. v. no, 4, 1912, p. 256, and viii, no, 5, 1915, p. 270. 460 Mr. H. A. Baylis on new anterior of the preanal papillz are situated at the sides of the sucker, a little in front of its middle. In the female the tail is 0°8 mm. in length. The vulva is situated in the middle third of the body, at 5°8 mm. from the anterior end. ‘The ova measure 65 x 52°5 w-75x 55. The uterus extends back beyond the anus into the cavity of the tail. Subulura plotina; tail of male, lateral view. A.P., accessory piece ; Sp., Spicules; 7-6, postanal papille ; 7, paranal ; I-III, preanal papille. 3. Filaria sp. Host: Merops albicollis. (Bee-eater.) Of this form there is only one specimen, a female. The total length is 31 mm., the maximum thickness about 0'5 mm. The mouth is apparently without lips or papillee. A pair of 3-lobed glands open into the cavity of the mouth laterally. ‘The vulva is situated at 0-4 mm. from the ante- rior end. The position of the anus has not been made out. Entozoa from Birds in Uganda. 461 The tail is bluntly rounded at the tip. Almost the whole of the body-cavity is filled by the uterus, which contains enormous numbers of eggs. The latter measure 57 x 37 p- 62x40 w. They have a rather thick shell and contain a coiled embryo. CESTODA. 4, Biuterina uganda, sp. n. Host: Cinnyris gutturalis. (Sunbird.) This is a small species, attaining a length of about 2 cm. upwards. The maximum width of the strobila is about O'7mm. The scolex measures 0°4 mm. across, and the suckers have a‘diameter of 0°2 mm., with a large forwardly-directed aperture. The rostellum has a muscular cushion at its apex, Biuterina ugande@ ; a gravid segment (from a whole preparation). C.S., cirrus-sac ; D., dorsal excretory vessel ; F., cuticular frill ; P., paruterine organ; Ut., uterus; V., ventral excretory vessel. looking almost like a fifth sucker. This measures 0°12 mm. in diameter and bears two rows of about twenty-two hooks each. The hooks of the anterior row are about 20 w in length, those of the posterior row a little shorter. All the hooks are of the triangular shape characteristic of the genus. Segmentation begins almost immediately behind the scolex. Each segment has a slightly raised fold or frill of cuticle running round it transversely near its anterior end (see hig. 3.°F.), 462 Mr. H. A. Baylis on new The genital pores are irregularly alternating. The cirrus- sac is pear-shaped and measures 0°125 mm. long and 0°04 mm. in thickness at its widest part, which is near the inner end. There are twelve or more testes in a compact group in the middle of the segment. The female genital apparatus calls for no special comment: the uterus (fig. 3, Ut.) shows the usual more or less complete division into two lateral portions, and a well-developed paruterine organ (fig. 3, P.) is present in front of it in the posterior segments. The ova do not appear to pass into the paruterine organ until after the separation of the segments from the strobila. The oncho- spheres measure 28 w in diameter. 5. Davainea debilis, sp. n. Host: Anastomus lamelligerus. (Open-bill Stork.) Of this species the collection contains only one specimen, which measures about 45 mm. in length. The posterior segments are much contracted, and the length actually Fig. 4. Davainea debilis ; diagram of the genital cloaca and terminal portions of the genital ducts. (Reconstructed from horizontal sections.) The overlapping lateral borders of three consecutive segments are seen. C., cirrus; Cl.,, distal non-muscular portion of genital cloaca; C7.,, proximal muscular portion of same; C.S., cirrus-sac; V., vagina; V.D., vas deferens. attained would probably be much greater. Anteriorly the worm is extremely slender, but it increases rapidly in width until the posterior segments measure about 3 mm. across. The scolex measures only 0:2 mm. across and is very feebly developed. ‘lhe suckers appear as mere cushion-like thickenings. They were apparently armed with hooks about Entozoa from Birds in Uganda. 463 12 uw long, nearly all of which, however, have been lost. The rostellum measures 0°08 mm. in diameter and bears an enormous number of extremely minute hooks, the length of which is about 8 yu. The neck, which is well extended, is unsegmented for a distance of about 1:2 mm. behind the scolex. The mature segments (much contracted) are extremely short and broad, and have greatly overlapping margins posteriorly and laterally. The longitudinal musculature is very powerfully developed ‘dorsally and ventrally, consisting of a thick layer of irregu- larly anastomosing fibres. The ventral excretory vessels are connected at every segment by a transverse vessel, which is about half as wide as the medullary portion of the segment itself. There are twenty or more testes in each mature segment, extending in a series right across the medullary parenchyme. The cirrus-sac and vagina open into a common genital cloaca (fig. 4, Cl.), the proximal portion of which has a very thick muscular wall, and the distal portion is non-muscular. The muscular portion is about 0°06 mm. long, the non- muscular about 0°05 mm. The dimensions of the cirrus-sac are 0°125 mm. x 0°06 mm. The gravid segments contain numerous egg-capsules enclosing four or five eggs each. ‘The onchospheres measure only about 15 mw in diameter, 6. Davatnea sp. Host: Bleda pallidigula. There is a single fragmentary specimen from this bird, to which, owing to its incompleteness, it is not proposed to attach a specific name. The length of the fragment is about 15 mm. and its greatest width 0°9 mm. The scolex (contracted, and with retracted rostellum) measures 0°25 mm, across. The diameter of the suckers is 0°075 mm. and that of the rostellum about 0°1 mm, The size of the hooks on the rostellum has not been made out ; those on the suckers are about 13 yu long. The neck (rather contracted) is unsegmented for about 0-4 mm. behind the scolex. The segments are broader than long throughout the fragment, which, however, lacks gravid segments, ; The earliest rudiments of genital organs appear at about the ninetieth segmenth. The genital pores are strictly unilateral. The testes number twenty to twenty-five, and are arranged mainly in two lateral groups, with a single row 464 Mr. H. A. Baylis on new behind the female glands. The cirrus-sac measures about O'l mm. x 0°038 mm., and curves from the genital pore towards the front of the segment. The ovary is divided into two more or less distinct portions, the vagina passing between them. The yolk-gland is posterior in position and is rather deeply lobate. 7. Davainea vaganda, sp. n. Host: Haliaétus vocifer. (Sea-Eagle.) 2 This is a very slender little form, with a comparatively large scolex. In general it approaches closely to D. spher- oides, Clerc, 1903 *, which is also parasitic in birds of prey, but it does not appear to be identical with that species. Davainea vaganda ; the scolex, highly magnified. ' The present examples measure 2-3 cm. in length and have a maximum width (near the posterior end) of 0°55 mm. The scolex (fig. 5) measures 0°3-0°35 mm. across, and the diameter of the suckers varies from 0°11-0°15 mm. The latter are sometimes elongated in a transverse direction. The rostellum measures 0°22 mm. in diameter and is armed with numerous hooks 25 uw in length, arranged in two rows. - The hooks on the suckers, which are also very numerous, measure 15 uw in length. * Rey. Suisse Zool. xi. p. 359. Entozoa from Birds in Uganda. 465 The neck is very slender and is unsegmented for from 0'4-1'0 mm., according to the state of contraction. The segments are broader than long throughout the strobila, except in some cases the last three or four gravid segments. Rudiments of genital organs begin to appear at about the hundredth segment. The genital pores are strictly unilateral. The cirrus-sac measures 0°l mm. x 0°05 mm. The testes are very large and six to eight in number, 8. Davainea bycanistis, sp. n. Host: Bycanistes subguadratus. (Hornbill.) This species reaches a length of about 14 em. and has a maximum width of 2 mm. The scolex (fig. 6) measures 0:27 mm. across, and the diameter of the suckers is 0°088 mm. The latter are armed with several rows of hooks, 13 w in Fig. 6. Davainea bycanistis ; the scolex, highly magnified. length. The rostellum is 0°15 mm. in diameter and bears a double crown of hooks 15 yw long. Segmentation begins at about 1 mm. behind the scolex. The segments are broader than long throughout the strobila, except the last few gravid segments. The genital pores are strictly unilateral. ‘There are twelve to fourteen large testes in each mature segment, their diameter being about 0°075 mm. ‘I'he cirrus-sace is rather elongate, has a muscular wall, and contains a very muscular cirrus. The dimensions of the sac are about 0°2 mm.X0°'062 mm. The female glands form a small compact mass in the middle of the segment. Each gravid segment contains some thirty egg-capsules, which measure about 071 mm. in diameter, and contain each four to 466 Mr. W. L. Distant on Ethiopian Heteroptera. five onchospheres. ‘The latter (without their envelopes) measure 15 wu in diameter. This appears to be only the second species of Davainea met with in this family of birds (Bucerotidea) ; the one hitherto described is D. emperus, Skrjabin, 1914*, from Buceros seratogynina. ‘The present species differs from D. emperus in the number of its testes, the absence of the well-developed sphincter-muscle of the genital cloaca, and other details. The scolex unfortunately cannot be compared in the two species, as that of D. emperus is unknown. XLVI.— Ethiopian Heteroptera: some new Species of Redu- viidee belonging to the Genera Pysttala and Platymeris. By W. L. Distant. PYSTTALA. Pysttala, Stal, defy. Vet.-Akad. Forh. 1859, p. 187. Platymeris, Lap. (part.), Stal, ibid. ; Hem. Afr. iii. p. 123 (1865). ‘“‘Thoracis lobo postico quadrispinoso, antico multispinoso, hem- elytris spinulis armatis.” Type, P. ducalis, Westw. Although Stal subsequently relegated Pysttala to a section of the genus Platymeris, it is clearly entitled to generic rank, and I am now able to add four more species to it. Of the type, ducalis, Westw., I can only refer to Westwood’s figure and description, for the type cannot be traced by Prof. Poulton at Oxford; and although Westwood stated that another specimen was contained in the British Museum from Sierra Leone, no such example is now to be found in the National Collection. Pysttala samwelli, sp. n. Head, pronotum, corium, body beneath, and legs black ; membrane dark ferruginous brown, especially on its apical *area; a subquadrate spot near middle of corium, a broad subapical fascia to the femora, and somewhat large marginal spots to the abdomen sanguinegus; antenne with the first joint black, moderately stout, not quite reaching base of head, second joint ferruginous, about three times as long as first, third more ochraceous in hue, both second and third * C.B. Bakt., Jena (orig.), Ixxy. p. 69. Mr. W. L. Distant on Hthiopian Heteroptera. 467 joints longly pilose ; anterior lobe of pronotum with six long spines on discal area, two short spines near anterior margin, the anterior angles obtusely spinous, and a short spine near middle of lateral margins ; posterior pronotal lobe with six spines, three on each lateral area, the lateral angles also strongly spinous ; scutellum with long and robustly curved spines—one apical and one on each lateral margin; corium with six moderately short spines—four lateral and two sub- lateral; connexivum with some spines at the segmental angles. Long. 38 mm. Hab. W. Africa; Coomassie (VV. Samwell). Allied to P, ducalis, Westw., but differing by the much less spinous anterior marginal area of the pronotum; red aunulations to the femora also shorter. Pysttala incognita, sp. n. In general colour and markings allied to the preceding species, but the anterior lobe of pronotum with only six spines, three on each lateral area, and the posterior lobe with tour short spines, the posterior lateral angles longly spinous ; corium with four sublateral and two inner spines. Long. 37 mm. Hub. West Africa (no precise locality). Pysttala johnstoni, sp. n. Head, pronotum, corium, body beneath, and legs black ; membrane piceous ; a subquadrate spot near middle of corium ; abroad subapical fascia to the femora and somewhat large marginal spots to the abdomen ochraceous ; antennze with the first jomt black, not quite reaching base of head, second joint ferruginous, about three times as long as first, moderately pilose ; anterior lobe of pronotum with six long spines on discal area, the anterior angles obtusely spinous, posterior pronotal lobe with four spines, two on each lateral area, the lateral angles also strongly spinous; scutellum with long and robustly curved spines—one apical and one on each lateral margin ; corium with three lateral and five or six sublateral spines; connexivum with some spines at the segmental angles. Long. 38 mm. Hab. W. Atrica; Liberia (Sir H. H. Johnston). 468 Mr. W. L. Distant on Ethiopian fleteroptera. Pysttala dudgeoni, sp. n. Head, pronotum, corium, and membrane black, extreme base of corium and a small spot near its middle sanguineous ; body beneath and legs fuscous brown, subapical annulations to femora, apical halves of tibize, and the whole of the tarsi paler in hue ; connexivum ochraceous, with segmental quad- rate black spots, posterior lobe of pronotum with two spines, one on each lateral area, the lateral angles also strongly spinous, anterior pronotal lobe with six prominent spines— three on each lateral area ; scutellum with long and robustly curved spines—one apical and one on each laterai margin ; corium with four sublateral but no inner spines; connexivum with some spines at the segmental angles. Long. 39 mm. Hab. W. Africa ; Gold Coast, Volta River (Dr. Dudgeon). PLATYMERIS. Platymeris, Lap. Ess. Hém. p. 80 (1832) ; St&l (part.), Hem. Afr. iii. p. 124 (1865). ‘«‘Thoracis lobo antico spinis longis destituto ; hemelytris margineque abdominis inermibus.” Type, P. (Reduvius) biguttata, Faby. Platymeris levicollis, sp. n. Black ; a prominent spot near middle of corium and annu- lations to femora sanguineous, apices of tibia and the tarsi more or less reddish ochraceous; antennz with the basal joint black, remaining joints obscure dark ochraceous. Long. 35-38 mm. Hab. North Nyasa (Farler) ; Zanzibar (Dr. W. Md. Aders) ; East Africa (German), Mpuapua. Allied to P. rhadamanthus, Gerst., from which it differs by the smoother and much less rugosely striated anterior lobe of the pronotum. Platymeris swirei, sp. n. Black, head and pronotum glossy black ; head before eyes, rostrum, legs, and connexivum ferruginous; a large pale greyish spot on disk of corium; antenne ferruginous, basal joint about as long as from apex of head to eyes; head and rostrum distinctly longly pilose ; pronotum sparingly longly pilose, the posterior angles distinctly spinous aud moderately Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabide. 469 recurved ; scutellum with the basal and apical spines well developed; legs and sternum distinctly, somewhat longly pilose ; anterior area of pronotum with a few short robust tubercles on each lateral area. Long. 35 mm. Hab. Gold Coast ; N. Territory (W. Swire). Somewhat allied to P. guttatipennis, Stal, but. easily distinguished by the uniform and distinct coloration of the legs and the tuberculate anterior area of the pronotum &e. CORRECTION. By a curious though careless error in the title of my previous paper in the Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (ante, p. 218) for ‘‘Heteropterous Family” Pyrrhocoride I wrote “ Homo- pterous Family,” and, more strangely also, did not observe the error in “ proof.” XLVII.—Papers on Oriental Carabidee.—I. By H. E. ANDREWES. In constructing a Catalogue of Oriental Carabide I have come across a number of questions requiring further elucida- tion, among which I may mention cases of erroneous identi- fication, synonymy both of genera and species, attribution of species to wrong genera, etc. I propose in this paper to give some notes and a few new descriptions to clear these points up. SCARATINI. Oxylobus costatus, Bates (not Chaud.), Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) xvu. 1886, p. 71=0. minor, Tchit. Hor. Soe. Ent. Ross. xxvii. 1894, p. 227. Tchitcherin’s species may prove, when more material is available, to be only a local form of O. costatus. Crepidonterus favret, Maindr. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1904, p. 264, fig.== Scarttoderus loyole, Fairm. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1883, p. 55. Scarites boucardi, Chaud. Mon. des Scaritides, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxii, 1880, p. 98. Chaudoir did not know the locality of this species. I have Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. iii. 31 470 Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabide. seen two examples from Upper Assam taken by Mr. H. Stevens, and there are three examples in the British Museum labelled respectively Burma, Manipur (Doherty), and ‘Tenas- serim. Distichus sexpunctatus, Ménét. Cat. Rais. i. 1832, p. 103. Ménétries would probably be surprised to find how con- stantly this name, invented by somebody else, but attributed to him, has been cited as a synonym of D. planus, Bon. Ménétries says of his example of D. planus :—‘‘Il différe de la description qu’en donne le Comte Dejean, en ce que les jambes postérieures n’ont qu'une seule dent, et je n’ai pu compter que trois points imprimés sur chaque élytre.” ‘There is no mention of the word “ sewpunctatus.” D. planus can well afford to dispense with one of its numerous synonyms. Clivina chlorizans, Bates, Ann, Mus. Civ. Gen. 1892, p. 282 = Coryza chlorizans, Bates. Clivina debilis, Bates, Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. 1892, p. 278. This name is preoccupied by C. dedilis, Blackb. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W. 1889, p. 720. For Bates’s species I propose the new name C. invalida. Dacca, Putzeys. Postscr. ad Cliv. Mon. Mém. Liége, xviii. 1863, p. 68= Chvina. The only characters given to differentiate this genus from Clivina are the length and acuteness of the maxille and mandibles and the short scutellary striole—all variable in this genus, and insufficient to render a separate one necessary. I have seen a number of examples from Bengal. SIAGONINI. Sicgona depressa, F. This species was described by Fabricius in 1798 (Suppl. Ent. Syst. p. 56) as Carabus depressus, and following the description are the words “ Habitat in Mauretania Dom. Schousboe, in India Orientali Daldorff, Mus. Dom. de Sehe- stedt.” In 1801 (Syst. Eleuth.i. p. 24) the species reappears as Galerita depressa, but ‘‘ Habitat in Mauretania Dom. Schousboe” has disappeared, and we have only “ Habitat in India Orientali— Dom. Daldorff.” In 1813 Bonelli (Obs. Ent. ii. p. 458) described quite another species as Siagona plana. Dejean in 1825 (Spec. Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabide. 471 Gen. i. p. 361) described as S. depressa, F., an Indian specimen which was in fact identical with Bonelli’s S. plana, and in the following year (Spec. Gen. ii. p.468) he described another species from the Mediterranean as S. europea. Chaudoir, in his Monograph on the genus (Bull. Mose. 1876, i. p. 90), followed Dejean in identifying S. depressa, F., with S. plana, Bon., and he gives the habitat of S. europea, Dej., as extending from Senegal to Bengal. _ In 1887 Mr. Bedel (Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. p. 195) expressed the view that S. ewropea, Dej.=S. depressa, F. (not Dej., not Chaud.), and that the latter name should stand for the species, as in fact it does in his ‘Catalogue raisonné des Coléoptéres du Nord de l’Afrique, 1897, p. 108. There the matter rests at present, and Mr. Bedel would be quite right if the Mediterranean and Indian species were identical. 1 have taken Indian specimens myself in considerable numbers, and have specimens or records from over thirty different localities all over India. I have also examined specimens from various countries bordering the Mediterranean and from Arabia. ‘The conclusion I arrive at is that the two species are distinct. Fabricius evidently had both before him when drawing up his description, and, as Dejean has since described one of them as S, europea, I think the Medi- terranean species should bear that name, the name S. depressa being reserved for the Indian one. S. depressa is on average wider than S. europea, joints 1 and 2 of the antenne are rather more dilated and joint 1 is more rounded off at the apex, the strangulation of the neck is deeper, the ocular ridges are stronger and practically reach the hind margin of the eye (they stop at two-thirds diameter of eye in europea). Prothoracic furrows rather deeper, puncturation of disk much stronger, sides more rounded and more contracted in front. Hlytra rather more oval, less parallel, and a little more coarsely punctate; the smooth area along the raised suture much less evident, the pubescence rather longer and yellowerin colour. Underside more closely punctate. I wrote recently about the types to the University Museum of Copenhagen, and Dr. Lundbeck has very kindly examined the collection there and written me in reply. He tells ne that the handwriting of Fabricius is not to be found in the Lund and Sehestedt collections, and he believes the labels to have been written by Sehestedt. There should be examples of S. depressa from Mauretania (Schousboe) aud Inaia (Dal- dor), but ihe latter is not to be found. There are, however, two examples which have always been regarded as types, 31* 472 Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabide. one of which bears the label ‘ Tanger. Schousboe, Mus. T. L. & S., Carabus depressus, F.” The name Schousboe does not refer to a collection, but to a collector. If the Indian type is ‘not at Copenhagen, it is unlikely to turn up elsewhere, and must be regarded as lost. BEMBIDIINI. Bembidium europs, Bates, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) xvii. 1886, p. 156. This species, founded upon a single specimen taken by Mr. George Lewis in Ceylon, is widely distributed throughout India. I consider it identical with B. opulentum, Nietn. (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (3) ii. 1858, p. 420), but Bates thought that Nietner’s species was synonymous with B. nilo- ticum, Dej. Spec. Gen. v. 1831, p. 73. Dejean described his species from Egypt, whence it ranges through Mesopotamia and China to Japan, and extends southwards into Indo- China. I have seen a solitary specimen from India taken by Mr. H. G. Champion in W. Almora (Himalayas). On distribution, therefore, B. opulentum is more likely to be europs than niloticum, and Nietner’s description, though inadequate, fits ewrops better. Bates does not say that he has seen any authentic specimen of B. opulentum. Bembidium xanthotelum, Bates, Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. 1892, peesh— 5. xanthacrum, Chaud. Bull. Mosc. 1850, lil. p- 175 (note). Tachys euglyptus, Bates, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1883, p. 268 = T. klugi, Nietn. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (3) 1. 1858, p- 423. Elaphropus, Motsch. The pectinate claws are difficult to see, but I have been able to detect them in several Oriental species. The following should, I think, be referred to this genus, in addition to Motschulsky’s 2. gracilis and E. latissimus :— Tachys amplians, Bates, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) xvii. 1886, p. 155. ~— haliploides, Bates, Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. 1892, p. 289, and var. contractulus, 1. e. p. 290. ——- perlutus, Bates, Trans. Ent. Soe. Lond. 1873, p. 299, Mr. H. EK. Andrewes on Orvental Carabidee. 473 HARPALINI. Acrogeniodon, Tchit. Abeille, xxix. 1897, p. 65= Chydeus, Chaud. Bull. Mose. 1854, 1. p. 343. Two species were described by Tchitcherin, viz., A. hedeli (1. ¢. p. 66), from Moupin, and A. semenow? (Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross. xxxil, 1899, p. 660), from Darjiling. Neither of these appears to be identical with the genotype, C. obscurus, Chaud. (/.c. p. 344), for a specimen of which I am indebted to Mr. T. G. Sloane. Platymetopus tnterpunctatus, Dej. Sp. Gen. iv. 1829, p. 71. The locality is given as Coromandel, which is almost certainly erroneous, The species inhabits Madagascar and the Seychelles. KAREYA, gen. nov. In Compt. rend. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1891, and Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. 1892, Bates described a number of species under the generic name Platymetopus (?), and at p. 332 of the latter volume he makes some remarks upon it. The general appear- ance of these insects is widely different from that of typical Platymetopi, and the size is larger. In Platymetopus the ligula is short and bisetose, the paraglosse small, extending a little beyond and enveloping it, with a fringe of hairs on the outer margin. In Kareya both ligula and paraglosse are larger, the former bisetose but free at the apex, the latter wider, glabrous except for one or two minute hairs on the sides towards base. Mentum edentate, but with the middle of the emargination generally thickened; penultimate joint of labial palpi plurisetose; head with a fine suture on each side, extending from the frontal fovea to the eye. Both head and prothorax smooth, the latter finely punctate over the basal area, its formasin Gnathaphanus. Hlytra minutely punctulate and very finely pubescent, one or more odd intervals (third always) seriate-punctate. ‘larsi hairy on upper surface; front and intermediate tarsi in ¢ with four moderately dilated joints, biseriately squamose beneath and fringed with long hairs ; hind tarsi with joint 1=2+3. All the known species were described by Bates. The genotype is K. erebius, Bates, Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. 1892, p- 831, from Burma ; the other species to be included are K. edentatus, gnathaphanoides, grandiceps, major, and sublevis. The generic name is derived from a Kanarese word meaning “ black, dirty.” 474, Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabide. PRAKASHA, gen. nov. In Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. 1892, p. 333, Bates described Platymetopus (2?) amariformis, but remarked at the end of the description, ‘“‘The head is small and presents none of the peculiarities of the typical Platymetopi.” The genus is nearer Dioryche than Platymetopus, but the form of the head and some other characters render a new genus necessary. The ligula and paraglosse are as in Dioryche, mentum without tooth, but with the emargination thickened in middle ; penultimate joint of labial palpi plurisetose. Form broad, surface smooth, colour eneous. Head small, smooth, convex, not depressed in front, clypeus only slightly emar- ginate, not exposing basal membrane of labrum; frontal foveze small, curving outwards behind and continuing as a fine line to the eye ; antenne hardly reaching base of pro- thorax, very finely pubescent from middle of joint 3; eyes prominent. Llytral intervals 3, 5, and 7 with a row of punctures. Tarsi smooth on upper surface ; front and inter- mediate tarsi in g with four moderately dilated joints, 1 rectangular, 2, 3, and 4 triangular, biseriately squamose beneath. ‘ The generic name is derived from a Kanarese word meaning ‘‘ lustre.” P. amariformis, Bates, from Kawkareet (Tenasserim) and Taun-ngu, is the genotype and sole representative of the genus. Amblystomus vittatus, Bates, Aun. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1892, p. 231. The name is preoccupied by A. vittatus, Gestro, Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. 1875, p. 885, and for Bates’s species I propose the name of A. bivittatus. Anoplogenius patinalis, Bates, Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. 1892, p. 3846==Lepithriz foliolosus, Nietn. Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1857, ii. p. 152= Anoplogenius discophorus, Chaud. Bull. Mose. 1852, 1. p. 90. Acupalpus marginatus, Bates (not Lucas), Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1883, p. 241. A note by Mr. Bedel, in his Cat. rais. des Col. du Nord de l’Afr. 1899, p. 158, note (2), induced me to examine the example in the British Museum, which I find to be A. dorsalis, F. Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabidae. 475 Tachycellus lamprus, Bates, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) xvii. 1886, p. 80= Trichotichnus lamprus, Bates. This species, labelled in Bates’s handwriting, differs in so many respects from the description, that I think the author must have had some other insect before him. I cannot, however, find anything agreeing with the description among the Carabide taken by Mr. Lewis in Ceylon, and I can only mention the discrepancies I have noted. The upper surface is glossy and relucent, as mentioned, but blue-black rather than enescent. The penultimate joint of the labial palpi is plurisetose, not bisetose ; I am unable to detect the punctured fovea on the first segment of the abdomen in the @ (charac- teristic of Tachycellus and its allies) ; interval 3 of the elytra with a well-marked puncture just behind middle. I cannot at present see any reason why this species should not be included in Morawitz’s genus T'richotichnus, though all those hitherto described are confined to N.K. Asia. ANCHOMENINI. Pristonychus kashmirensis, Bates, Proc, Zool. Soc, 1889, p. 214=P. spinifer, Schauf. Sitzungsb. Ges. Isis, Dresden, 1862, p. 66. Anchomenus politissimus, Bates, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1878, p. 719 =A, lissopterus, Chaud. Bull. Mose, 1854, i. p. 136. ODACANTHINI. Casnonia egrota, Bates, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1883, p. 278 = Odacantha egrota, Bates. : Ophionea, Klug. Ent. Braz. Spec. 1821, p. 298. This genus was formed for the three species, 1, O. penn- sylvanica, L., 2. O. cyanocephala, F., 3. O. surinamensis, L. In No. 1 the fourth tarsal joint is simple, and in No. 2 it is bilobed. Of No. 3 I have no personal knowledge, but it is evidently quite a different insect from the others, and de Geer, in Mém. iv. 1774, p. 79, formed for it the genus Colliuris. Klug mentions the fourth tarsal joint twice over, but his remarks are contradictory: under ‘“ Characteres” we read “tarsi articulo quarto elongato,” but under “generis de- scriptio” this becomes “ tarsi articulo... quarto brevissimo.” A year later Latreille and Dejean, Hist. Nat. & Icon. d’Eur. 1822, p. 77, published the genus Casnonia, which was not, 476 Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabide. and did not profess to be, other than identical with Klug’s Ophionea. When, in 1825, Dejean published the first volume of his ‘ Species Général, he introduced the genus Casnonia at p. 170, and, referring to the species included in it, he writes « Latreille les avait d’abord placés parmi les Agra, et ilena fait ensuite un genre particulier que je luiai conservé; Klug, n’ayant pas connaissance de son travail, avait établi dans son Entomologia brasilian specimen, sous le nom d’ Ophio- nea.’ Klug could not in 1821 have any knowledge of a work published in 1822, and Dejean must therefore refer to some earlier work of Latreille. I have searched for this in vain, nor can I find any references anterior to 1822 in the works of other authors, The name was undoubtedly known, for it appears (under the guise of Cosnania) in Dejean’s first Catalogue (1821). I think Casnonia must be ruled out as a pure synonym. In 1829 Eschscholtz, Zool. Atl. 11. p. 5, in introducing his genus /thagocrepis, gives a table differentiating this and allied genera. Op/Azonea figures in this table as having tarsi with a bilobed fourth joint; the actual species, O. cyano- cephala, F'., is not mentioned, but it is none the less made the genotype, and the fact that Casnonia is included in the same table (with a different signification) does not seem to me to invalidate this conclusion. Ophzonea in this sense was recognized both by Schmidt-Goebel, Faun. Col. Birm. 1846, p- 20, and Lacordaire, Gen, Col. 1. 1854, p. 78, though both of them were inclined to attribute the genus to Eschscholtz. Another genus, also for O. cyanocephala, F., was formed by Castelnau, Et. Ent. 1834, p. 40, under ihememe of Casnoidea, but this merely provides another synonym for Ophionea. Mr. Bedel has already drawn attention, Bull. Soe. Ent. Fr. 1910, p. 72, to some of the details given above, but he does not come to the same conclusion. He makes pennsylvanica the type of Ophionea, and puts all tie species with a cleft fourth tarsal joint under Castelnau’s genus Casnoidea. In this he has been followed by Commandant Dupuis, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1913, p. 270. Mr. Sloane, on the other hand, in his table of the Australian Odacanthini, Proc. Linn. Soe. N.S.W. 1917, p. 414, retains Ophionea as defined by Esch- scholtz, and also, like me, considers Motschulsky’s genus Lachnothoraz, Kt. Ent. 1862, p. 48, as distinct from the other genera cited *, * IT may mention here that on a separate of his paper kindly sent me by Mr. Bedel there is a note to the effect that cyanocephala, F,= Atte- labus indicus, Thunb. Nov. Ins. Spec. part 3, 1784, p. 68, fig. 81, described from ‘Ind. Orient.” This I have confirmed, as foie as the slender d-seription allows of confirmation. Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabidee. 477 The upshot of the above is that pennsylvanica and its Eastern allies are at present, according to my view, without a genus. My lack of knowledge of American Carabidze prevents me from proposing a new genus for pennsylvanica, but I think that its elongate head, bordered prothorax, and the smooth apical area of the elytra separate it generically from all the Kastern species known to me. For some of the latter I propose the new genus Arame, though this will not include all of them. The type of this genus is described further on under the name of A. macra. ARAME, gen. nov. Ligula short, fairly wide, truncate in front, a little areuate in ceutre, quadrisetose, the two inner setee much longer than the outer ones; paraglossee linear, membranous, free, glabrous, curving inwards, and rather longer than the ligula, Mentum with a short fairly sharp tooth in the emargination, about half as long as the lobes; epilobes evident, projecting in front of the lobes in the form of an acute tooth. Maxillze sharp, hooked at tip, with a row of strong bristles on inner side. Maxillary palpi glabrous, joints 2 and 4 half as long again as 3; last joint a little inflated, tapering and truncate at extremity. Labial palpi glabrous, except for the two set on inner margin of penultimate joint; joints equal, last one as in maxillaries. Mandibles short, a small tooth on the right one at about middle, none on left, without seta in scrobe. Antenne reaching beyond base of thorax, first three joints glabrous, joint 1 inflated, with only one seta, joint 2 very short, joint 3=1, rest a little longer. Kyes moderately prominent, a little removed from buceal fissure. Labrum truncate, sexsetose. Head subglobose, much inflated behind eyes, with two supraorbital setae, strongly constricted behind, condyliform. Prothorax subglobose, lateral margins obsolete or indicated by a very fine line only, Elytra fully striate, but strize generally becoming faint towards apex. Odd intervals—or, at least, interval 3—with some setiferous pores. Last ventral seginent in ¢ with one, in 2 with two seti- ferous pores on each side; in the g the margin is distinetly notehed, in the @ only faintly so. Tarsi smooth on upper surface, joint 4 entire but emar- ginate, joint 5 very long, with seta beneath; in the hind legs 478 Mr. Hi. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabide. joint 1 is not much longer than 2. In the ¢ the first three joints of the front tarsi are faintly dilated and biseriately squamose beneath. Claws simpie, much dilated at base. The name is derived from a Kanarese word meaning “ very small.” The above characters are largely those of Odacantha, but in that genus the paraglossee are wider, hardly longer than the ligula, adnate, though separated at apex from the ligula by a deep emargination. The chief difference, however, is in the thorax, which in Odacantha is very distinctly margined at sides over the front two-thirds. The elytra of this genus, too, are less convex and thie striz more finely punctate. The two genera are evidently closely allied, but the characters I have just mentioned seem to render them sufficiently distinct. Arame macra, sp. n. Length 6-6°5 mm. ; width 1°6-1°8 mm. Piceous. Palpi, first three joints of antennee (2 and 3 sometimes infuscate), legs (except coxee and front trochanters), epipleure of elytra, and an ill-defined spot at apex (sometimes the whole of the apical third) reddish testaceous. Head about 1 mm. in width (length behind eye=13 times diameter of eye), convex, shiny, frontal foves well-marked, clypeus smooth, with a seta at each side, surface sparsely covered with coarse setiferous punctures, more closely in front, only a few behind level of eyes. Prothorax barrel-shaped, without front or hind angles, shiny, about as long as head and a little narrower, widest in middle, contracted at each extremity, but more so in front than behind, slightly constricted just before base, which has a smooth border ; side-margins obsolete, median furrow wide but not deep, surface covered with setiferous punctures, less closely on disk, the puncturation rather more dense than on head. Elytra moderately convex, parallel, as long as head and thorax taken together, joining prothorax by a short peduncle, shoulders a little oblique, apex nearly squarely truncate, punctate-striate, less strongly towards apex ; intervals 3, 5, and 7 each with a series of numerous small setiferous pores, the hairs standing out very clearly on unrubbed specimens viewed sideways. On the underside the abdomen is smooth, head with a few large punctures, all sterna (except middle of metasternum) densely and very coarsely punctate, prosternal process smooth, Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabidee. 479 glabrous, unbordered, metepisterna three times as long as wide. Very closely allied to A. hwmorrhoidalis, Motsch., if I have correctly determined that species, but the latter has the head less narrowly constricted, the back of the head (behind the level of hind margin of eyes) quite smooth, and only three or four setiferous pores on interval 3, none on 5 or 7. Bates thought that Aemorrhoidalis had pores on interval 5 as well as on 3 (vide Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. 1892, p. 382). Ceylon, Colombo, on coast-level, 7-27. ix. 1882 (G. Lewis). Other specimens taken in Ceylon by Dr. ‘Thwaites. Type in British Museum. The specimens taken by Mr. Lewis are those determined by Bates, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) xvii. 1886, p. 199, as Casnonia hemorrhoidalis, Motsch. I cannot at present give more than a provisional list of the species which appear to belong to this genus. ‘The list is as follows:—A. macra (type), albicolon, Bates, celebensi's, Gestro, bimaculata, Schm. Goeb. (distigma, Chaud.), flavi- cauda, Bates, fusctpennis, Chaud., graciliceps, Bates, hemor- rhoidalis, Motsch., latifascta, Chaud., litura, Schm. Goeb., metallica, Vairm., punctata, Nietn., subapicalis, Oberthi., tetraspilota, Schm. Goeb., virgulifera, Chaud., vanthe, Bates. LACHNOPHORINI. LoMASA, gen. nov. Ligula short, wide, sides almost parallel, apex slightly arcuate, bisetose. Paraglossee membranous, very narrow, glabrous, rounded at apex, attached to ligula at base only, curving inwards and reaching a little beyond its apex. Mentum with an emarginate ‘tooth, half as long as side lobes, epilobes narrow, reaching a little beyond lobes, rather sharp, but with apex rounded. Palpi setose, joints cylindrical, elongate, the last rather shorter, truncate at apex. Mandibles short, hooked and pointed at apex, without seta in scrobe. Labrum truncate, sexsetose. Eyes prominent, distant from buccal fissure. Antenne pubescent, filiform, two-thirds as long as body, joint 2 very short, 3 half as long again as the rest, which are about equal. Body covered with a dense short pubescence. Thorax strongly cordate. Elytra short, slightly emarginate at apex. 480 Mr. H. B. Andrewes on Oriental Carabide. Legs pilose, front tibie with a spine at apex and another at base of emargination. The front tarsi in the g with three squarely dilated joints, each with a pad of hairs beneath; joint 4 emarginate and furnished at apex with a tuft of very long hairs. Claws simple, long, and very thin. The name is derived from a Sanskrit word meaning hairy. There is only one known species, which has already been twice described, viz. :— Chlenius wanthacrus, Wied. Zool. Mag. ii. 1, 1823, p. 51= Chienius hiigel’, Redt. Reis. Novar. ii. Col. 1867, p. 9. Chaudoir thought that this species, on account of its pubescent palpi, belonged to the Lachnophorini. I accept this view provisionally, as the group, which has few repre- sentatives in Asia, is not at present well known to me. GALERITINI. Galerita birmanica, Bates, Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. 1892, p. 385 = G. peregrina, Dohrn. Stett. nt. Zeit. 1880, p. 291. Planetes puncticeps, sp. 0. Planetes bimaculatus (Macl.), Bates, Trans. Ent. Soe. Lond. 1873, p. 804; Putz. Compt. rend. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1875, p. 52; Heyd. Deutsch. Ent. Zeit. 1879, p. 329. Length 12°0-14°5 mm. Piceous ; base of palpi, joint 1 of antennee, femora, tibiae, and a spot on eacl elytron testaceous ; rest of palpi, joints 2 and 3 of antenne, labrum, and tarsi reddish brown. The whole surface (except where impunctate) covered with a fine short yellowisly pubescence. Head (2:0-2°5 mm. wide) moderately convex and shiny, frontal foveze wide and shallow, surface densely and finely punctate (smoother in middle of front), a number of large punctures mingled with the small ones, especially at back and sides ; neck moderately constricted. Prothorax (2°75-3°50 mm. wide) moderately shiny, slightly transverse, widest at a third from apex, a little emarginate in front, base bisinuate, with sides advancing to meet hind angles, sides rounded more sharply in front than behind, a seta at a third from apex, another at hind angle, extremities equally contracted, front angles rounded, hind angles nearly Mr. H. EB. Andrewes on Omental Carabide. 481 right, sharp, projecting slightly laterally; transverse im- pressions inconspicuous, median line faint, basal fovez deep (making hind angles appear reflexed), the whole surface densely punctate. Klytra (3°75-4:75 mm. wide) parallel, rather rectangular, more than twice as long as thorax, shoulders advanced, apex nearly squarely truncate ; each elytron with nine primary narrow ridges, of which the first is close to the suture and the ninth (flatter and wider than the others) not far from margin, two secondary rather finer ridges between the primary ones, a row of setiferous punctures running between each primary and secondary ridge, but not between the scondary ones, a row of large pores inside the ninth ridge, from which emerge a few long sete, chiefly visible near base and apex ; the testaceous spots, more or less rounded, placed a little before middle, and extending from primary ridges 2 to 6. Underside, except middle of head and a small space on each side near base of ventral surface, densely punctate and pubes- cent ; prosternal process not bordered, metepisterna elongate, last ventral segment in both sexes slightly emarginate, with half-a-dozen sete, longer than the general pubescence, on each side. ‘Tarsi setose on upper surface, joint 1 of hind tarsi=(very nearly) 2+8+4; front tarsi in g with three joints mode- rately dilated, densely fringed with long yellowish hairs and with a row of ragged whitish scales along outer margin beneath. Closely allied to P. bimaculatus, Macl., but distinguished by the much denser puncturation of the head, with large and small punctures mingled together, prothorax more transverse, wider in front, and more contracted behind, hind angles sharper and projecting a little laterally, basal fovese deeper, puncturation coarser and closer, occasionally confluent, pro- episterna more evidently punctate (in bimaculatus nearly smooth). ; Japan: Nagasaki and Yokohama (G@. Lewis) ; Tsushima. China: Tchusan; Port Hamer. Type in the British Museum. PERICALINI. Catascopus cupricollis, Chaud. Col. Nov. i. 1883, p. 24. This name is preoccupied by C. cupreicollis, C.O. Waterh. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1877, p. 1. I suggest C. eneicollis. The species seems very closely allied to C. aruensis, Saund. 482 Mr. H. EB. Andrewes on Oriental Carabide. Catascopus elongatus, Saund. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1863, p- 466, t. xvill. fig. 5 = Holeoderus elongatus, Saund. Catascopus gracilis, Oberth. Notes Leyd. Mus. v. 1883, p. 220 = Holcoderus gracilis, Oberth. Catascopus rugicollis, Saund. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1863, p. 464, t. xviii. fig. 6. This is apparently a malformation of C. aculeatus, Chaud. SFITAKANTHA, gen. nov, Ligula moderately long, narrow, subcarinate at base, quadrisetose, apex free; paraglossee membranous, adnate, nearly parallel, a little wider than ligula, extending very little beyond it. Palpi glabrous; maxillaries with joint 2 incrassate = 4, which is cylindrical, slightly tapermg and rounded at apex, 3 about two-thirds of 4, tapering towards base ; labials with equal cylindrical joints, the last truncate at apex, penultimate with a single seta on inner margin. Mentum transverse, quadrately emarginate, edentate, but base thickened in middle, lobes oblique and pointed, but rounded at apex, epilobes wanting. _ Maxille curved, very sharp at apex, densely ciliate on inner margin. Mandibles short, with a blunt tooth at base, right mandible with a small median tooth. Labrum porrect, as long as wide, narrowed anteriorly, emarginate in front, with rounded angles, sexsetose, but tire outside seta is placed far back, quite a third from apex. Antenne filiform, half as long as body, joint 1 short, in- crassate, 2 very short, rest approximately equal, pilose from apex of 4, Eyes moderately prominent, reaching buccal fissure. Head with two supraorbital sete, neck tumid. Prothorax very strongly emarginate in front, a seta midway between base and apex and another at hind angle, both on margin. Elytra very short, quadrate, a few large pores on interval 9, from which issue very long sete; interval 3 with a single fine pore at a fourth from apex; margin with a series of minute hairs, as in Stenotelus, but no denticulation is percep- tible. In Pertpristus and Sinurus the denticulation is evident. Tarsi glabrous above ; front tarsi in g with three slightly et ee On Indo-Chinese Hymenoptera. 483 dilated joints, clothed beneath with a few whitish scales ; first joint of hind tarsi nearly equalling the succeeding three joints. Claws simple, but with faint traces of denticulation at base. The generic name means in Sanskrit a “‘ swollen neck.” The type of the genus is Thyreopterus ¢mpressus, Schm. Goeb. Faun. Col. Birm, 1846, p. 80. This is the only Oriental species described under the genus Thyreopterus, and its generi¢ characters do not accord with those of the African species of that genus. CALLIDINI. Crossoglossa, Chaud. Mon. des COallidides, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xv. 1872, p. 177=Phlwodromius, W. Macleay, Trans. Ent. Soc. N.S.W. ii. 1871, p. 85. Mr. T. G. Sloane pointed out to me the identity of these two genera, but I do not think he has published any note on it. Saronychium inconspicuum, Blackb. Ent. Month. Mag. xiv. 1877, p. 142= Kndynomena pradiert, Fairm. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1849, p. 34. LEBIINI. Cymindis pictula, Bates, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1873, p. 310 = Anomotarus (Cymindis) stigmula, Chaud. Bull. Mose. 1852, i. p. 57. The genus Uvea was proposed by Fauvel (Bull. Soc. Ent. Bie USSl, ps 135 ids Rev. d’ Ent. 1. 1882, p. 257) for Chaudoir’s species, but Mr. T. G. Sloane, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. 1917, pp. 435-6, does not consider it as “ more than, at most, a subgenus of Anomotarus.” XLVIUI.—On Indo-Chinese Hymenoptera collected by Kh. Vitalis de Salvaza—Il. By Rowiann EH. TURNER, F.Z.8., F.E.S. Family Tenthredinide. Subfamily Azezaz. Arge vitalisi, sp. n. Q. Lutea; mandibulis apice nigris; mesopleuris, tergitis 1-3 macula transversa mediana, quarto fere toto, 5-7 fascia lata 484 Mr. R: E. Turner on mediana, octavo macula magna mediana, sternito quarto macula laterali utrinque, coxis posticis, apice excepto, femoribusque posticis, basi luteis, nigro-purpureis; alis flavo-hyalinis, stig- mate venisque nigris, sub stigmate late transverse brunneo- fasciatis. Long. 13 mm. ?. Head not narrowed behind the eyes ; clypeus and face finely punctured ; a carina running downward from the base of each antenna, the two joining about halfway between the antenne and the base of the elypeus and enclosing a raised elongate-ovate area, from the apex of which a low carina runs to the base of the elypeus. Antenne as long as the head and thorax combined; the third joint long, compressed and broadened towards the apex. Front above the antenne with a deep longitudinal groove ; vertex very finely and rather sparsely punctured. Vertical area slightly convex, nearly three times as broad as long, not sharply defined laterally. Thorax smooth and shining; the mesonotum anteriorly minutely and rather sparsely punctured. The space between the basal nervure and the origin of the cubitus is scarcely as long as the intercostal nervure; the nervulus is received at about two-fifths from the base of the discoidal cell. Hind tibize with spine. Hab. Ban Thiou, Luang Prabang; March 18,1918. 1 ?. This fine species is very distinct in colour from most species of the genus, but does not differ structurally or in neuration. Subfamily Tzwryreprviv2. Conaspidia fasciatipennis, sp. n. @. Ochracea, nitida; mandibulis apice, vertice maculis tribus magnis, mesonoto antice lateribusque, tergitis tertio sequenti- busque, tibiis apice extremo, femoribusque posticis linea supra, nigris; alis hyalinis, vix flavo-suffusis, anticis sub stigmate late fusco-fasciatis, apice in cellula cubitali quarta infuscatis, stigmate venisque fuscis, costa ochracea. Long. 11 mm. @. Clypeus widely and rather deeply emarginate, rugosely punctured. Hyes separated from the base of the mandibles by a distance not exceeding one-third of the length of the second antennal joint. Antenne as long as the abdomen, filiform, the third joint nearly four times as long as the second, the joiuts beyond the third gradually decreasing in length, Fuout finely rugose ; vertex shining, shallowly and Indo- Chinese Hymenoptera. 485 sparsely punctured, vertical area longer than its greatest breadth, slightly narrowed anteriorly; the head swollen behind” the eyes. Mesonotum obsoletely punctured, the median lobe divided from base to apex by a deep groove in which lies a low carina. Scutellum coarsely punctured, raised into a conical tubercle ; mesopleuree coarsely rugulose. Abdomen smooth. ‘The apical fuscous mark on the fore wing is paler than the median fascia and occupies almost the whole of the fourth cubital cell and the extreme apex of the radial cell. The median fascia crosses the wing from the basal half of the stigma and does not extend apically beyond the second transverse cubital nervure. ‘The discoidal nervure is separated from the base of the cubital nervure by a distance about equal to the length of the first transverse cubital nervure, Hab. Tong Lap, Haut Mékong ; April 30,1918. 1 9. Differs very strongly in colour from C. stkkimensis, Konow, the only other known species of the genus, especially in the fasciate wings; but the neuration and structure do not differ appreciably. Macrophya extrema, sp. n. 2. Nigra; clypeo, labro, mandibulis basi, antennis articulis tertio quartoque intus, pronoto, tegulis basi, mesopleuris fascia lata mediana, scutello macula magna, cenchris, metanoto linea angusta apicali utrinque, propodeo fascia apical lateribus fortiter dilatata, tergito apicali, coxis posticis supra, trochanteribus, femoribus anticis intermediisque, supra mgro-lineatis, femoribus posticis, apice nigris, tibiis basi, tarsisque, unguiculis exceptis, albo- flavidulis ; alis fusco-hyalinis, basi fere hyalinis, stigmate venisque nigris. 3. Femine similis. Long., 9 11-13, ¢ 11 mm. 2. Clypeus convex, very widely and shallowly emarginate, strongly punctured. I ront very closely punctured-rugulose, vertex more coarsely and sparsely punctured, the front clothed with short white pubescence ; vertical area punctured- rugulose, a little broader posteriorly than long, strongly varrowed anteriorly, the oblique lateral grooves smooth and shining, Antenne with joints 5-7 thickened and somewhat compressed, the third joint as long as the fourth and fifth combined. Thorax closely punctured, the middle lobe of the mesonotum much more coarsely punciured than the lateral lobes and divided by a longitudinal groove nearly reaching the apex; mesopleure very coarsely punctured in front, Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. ii. 32 486 On Indo- Chinese Hymenoptera. rugulose posteriorly. Abdomen smooth and shining, pro- podeum rather closely punctured; hind coxe, femora, and tibiz closely punctured. Humeral cell divided far before the middle by a very short nervure. Hab. Vien Poukha, Haut Mékong; May 11,1918. 1 9, DO. Gs Somewhat related to the European M. rustica, Linn., but the antennze are much longer than in that species, the clypeus less strongly emarginate, the puncturation coarser, and the humeral cell more contracted. Family Ichneumonide. Subfamily Crrerimvz. Mansa funerea, sp. n. Q. Nigra; antennis dimidio basali, palpis, abdominis segmento tertio sequentibusque, valvulis terebra, pedibusque, coxis ex- ceptis, fulvo-ferrugineis; mandibulis basi, oculorum orbitis in- ternis late, abdominisque segmento secundo fusco-ferrugineis ; alis fuscis, venis nigris. Long. 16 mm. ; terebree long. 6 mm. ?. Head strongly narrowed behind the eyes and towards the clypeus ; cheeks long, about equal in length to the fourth antennal joint. Mandibles narrowed to the apex, ending in two very small teeth. Clypeus broadly truncate at the apex, closely and minutely punctured and clothed with fuscous hairs ; face coarsely punctured-rugose. Antenne inserted nearly as far from the anterior ocellus as from the apex of the clypeus, 39-jointed, scape produced beneath so as to form a partial sheath for the second joint; the third joint the longest, the fourteen basal joints fulvo-ferruginous, the an- tenn gradually thickened to about the twentieth joint. Front and vertex finely rugulose, the space above the base of the antennze smooth and shining and feebly concave. ‘horax opaque, very closely and rather strongly punctured ; the pleuree rugosely punctured, with a broad oblique band on the middle ot the mesopleure smooth and shining. Median segment coarsely punctured-1ugose; the spiracles large and elongate, enclosed in an elongate triangular lateral area; on each side of the dorsal surface of the segment at the base is an area enclosed by the upper side of the lateral area, the base of the segment, and a curved caiina which reaches the base a little on the outer side of the middle. Abdomen rather indistinctly microscopically punctured; first segment petiolate, the spiracles nearer to the apex of the segment than Lord Rothschild on new Heterocera. 487 to each other; the apical quarter of the segment rather strongly broadened, the whole segment as long as the hind coxa and trochanters combined. Areolet very large, about half as long again on the radius as on the cubitus, the second abscissa of the radius fully as long as the first and very little shorter than the third. Second recurrent nervure received just beyond one quarter from the base of the second cubital cell. Hab. Vieng Vai, Haut Mékong ; June 10, 1918. 1 9. Nasily distinguished by the dark fuscous wings from all other known Oriental species of the genus. The name Mansa, Tosq. (1896), has priority over Colganta, Cam. (1902), which must sink as a synonym. Family Braconidae. Subfamily Hezcowry-z. Flelcon unicornis, Turn. Helcon unicornis, Turn, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (9) i. p. 172 (1918). 2. Hab. Tong Lap, Haut Mékong ; April 30, 1918. This species seems to resemble closely Wroughtonta cor- nuta, Cam., placed by that author among the Mvaniide, and I think it quite possible that my name may have to sink asa synonym. Cameron’s description is not very clear, and was taken from a specimen with broken antenne. But, on the whole, I think there can be no doubt that the genus Wrough- tonta belongs here, and should sink as a synonym, XLIX.—Deseription of a new Genus and Two new Species of Heterocera. By Lord Roruscuip, F.R.S. Spilosoma ignivagans, sp. n. 3. Very closely allied to erythrophleps, Hmpsn., but with less red on fore wings and fewer pale markings on hind wings. Antenne black, pectus and legs sooty-slate, frons and vertex rufous-orange; thorax rufous-orange, with a sooty dot on tegule and sooty streaks on patagia ; abdomen above rufous-orange ringed with sooty black, below white. Fore wing slate-brown with orange-scarlet nervures ; three ill-defined orange-scarlet patches on basal half of costa; two rufous-orange spots in cell and one beyond; four irregular 32* 488 Lord Rothschild on new Heterocera. bands of rufous-orange below median to inner margin, much angled, waved, excised, and partially joined. Hind wings sooty slate-grey, with white veins ; a broken irregular post- median band, broader between vein 2 and abdominal margin ; some white spots at end of veins. Length of fore wing 26 mm..; expanse 56°5 mm. Hab. Tali, Yunnan. DEPALPATA, gen. nov. This genus is nearest to Burgena. Proboscis minute ; palpi with second and third joints aborted, minute, and curved downwards; frons smooth ; autenne almost simple; tibize smooth, the spurs minute, the lind tibiag with terminal spurs only. Fore wing: vein 2 from long before angle of cell, 3 from close to angle, 4 and 5 from angle, 6 from upper angle ; 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked; 11 from cell. Hind wing: 2 from well before angle of cell; 3, 4 from angle; 5 obsolescent from middle of discocellulars ; 6, 7 stalked ; 8 anastomosing with the cell near base only; underside with whole inner area clothed with rough androconia extending into lower end of cell and to vein 7. Depalpata mirabilis, sp. n. 6. Antenne black; pectus orange-yellow ; frons and vertex black ; thorax velvety black; collar and edges of tegule yellow; abdomen black, strongly glossed with greenish steel-blue ; anal tuft golden-orange. Fore wing velvety black, an oblique creamy antemedian band. Hind wing black, intensely shot and glossed with blue; a large pure white subbasal patch in cell and a smaller one below cell; large tufts of rough sooty-black hair on each side of vein 1 6; tornus whitish. Underside: abdomen as above, but with a large white patch on third segment. Iore wing sooty-black with dull blue gloss ; antemedian band as above, but divided into two, and with an irregular white expansion distad below vein 2; on the base of the cell and on costa a white dot ; beyond the discocellulars an irregular large white patch extending from subcostal to vein 3. Hind wings sooty-black glossed with dull blue ; whole area below vein 7 covered with a dense felting of rough whitish androconia except a patch of white and a spur of dark colour in cell. Length of fore wing 29 mm. ; expanse 65 mm. Hab. Hydrographer Mts., S.E. British New Guinea, 2500 ft., March 1918 (ichorn Bros. Coll.). Mr. O. Thomas 9n small Mammals. 489 L.—On small Mammals from “Otro Cerro,” North-eastern Rioja, collected by Sr. L. Budin. By Ouprteip ‘THOMAS. (Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) Arter making the collection at Chumbicha, Catamarca, of which an account is given in the ‘ Annals’ for January 1919, Sr. Budin travelled westwards some 30 miles, ‘over the Cerro de Ambato to “another hill,” or range of hills, for which he could find no recognized name, but which, after consultation with the authorities of the Geographical Society, I suppose to be an unnamed range running southward from the Cerro Nunorea. Although Srv Buin considered himself to be still in Catamarca, and labelled the specimens accordingly, the distance and direction from Chumbicha show that he must have crossed the frontier into Rioja. Under these circumstances I have decided to use Sr. Budin’s fancy name of ‘ Otro Cerro,” as put on his labels, but with correction as to the province, If more exact definition can be obtained from him it will be published later, but for the resent the locality may be stated as 45 kilometres west of Chumbicha, the specimens being taken at an altitude of about 3000 metres. The collection contains quite a number of interesting species, of which the most striking are the new Lagidium, the skunks, and tuco-tuco, while the good series of such forms as Phyllotis and Graomys have enabled me to make further study of these difficult groups. Like all Sr. Budin’s recent specimens, the skins are beanti- fully prepared, and thus together form a very valuable addi- tion to the National Collection. Azising out of a suggestion by Sr. Budin, I should like to propose that certain Spanish and other colloquial terms should be definitely restricted to particular genera, so as to he available for vernacular names. ‘The native words used as names by Mr. Perry Simons, Sr. Budin, and others have generally been rather vaguely applied, but might easily be pinned down to special genera, where they would be of great convenience, Thus I would take Azara’s name of “ Hocicud»” for the species of Oaymyeterus and “ Laucha” for LHesperomys. Then Andinomys might be “ Chozchorito,” Phyllotis * Peri- cote,” and Oryzomys “Coludo,” which equals “ Long-tail.” Other colloquial names are already well kuown, but where there are none I shall hope, with Sr. Budin’s assistance, to suggest some which might be suitable and convenient. 490 Mr. O. 'Thomas on small Mammals Tn this collection there is an interesting amount of geogra- phical isomorphism. Thus there are two species of skunks, both with white tails, being almost the only white-tailed skunks known. And there are no less than five different Murines (Andinomys edax, two species of Phyllotis, and two of Graomys) so similar inter se externally that they might all be mistaken for a single species at different stages of age. So striking a case of local resemblance between different animals I do not remember ever to have seen before. 1. Conepatus budini, sp. n. 3. 334. A rather small skunk with a conspicuous bushy white tail. The upper molar large. Size a little less than in C. gibson?, therefore distinctly less than in any other S.-American species except the much smaller C. proteus. Fur thick and abundant, with the usual woolly underfur ; direction of nape-hairs in the type abso- Jutely normal, without whorls or reversed hairs. White stripes of body about an inch or a little less in breadth, united on the forehead by a junction of about the same breadth, and evenly divergent posteriorly, the black median area about 1-1} inch broad on the nape, widening to 23 on the posterior back ; the white bands dying away on the hip, about 2 inches before the white of the tail commences. ‘Tail very fine and bushy, the hairs attaining about 100 mm. in leneth ; a little white on each side of the tail-base, then a small black median patch on its upper base; the whole remainder of the tail white, apart from the presence of a few isolated and scarcely perceptible black hairs intermixed with the white. Skull alone exceeding that of C. proteus in size, its breadth, especially its mastoid breadth, rather greater than usual in proportion to its length, though the specimen is not very old. Mesopterygoid fossa comparatively broad. Upper molar large, subquadrangular, with its antero-posterior diameter exceeding the outer length of p*. Dimensions of the type :— Head and body 340 mm.; tail* 240; hind foot 55; ear 30. Skull: greatest (diagonal) length 71:5; condylo-basal length 66°5 ; zygomatic breadth 45 ; interorbital breadth 23 ; intertemporal breadth 18°5; mastoid breadth 393; palatal length 235; breadth across m' 28; breadth of mesopterygoid * The tail, apparently perfect, is now barely 200 mm. in length. Perhaps 240 is a /apsus calami on the part of the collector. from “Otro Cerro,” North-eastern Rioja. 491 fossa 8°5; maxillary tooth-row 22°5; length of pt 7:2; m', greatest antero-posterior length * 8-0, transverse breadth* 8°2. Type. Adult male (basilar suture closed, but teeth not much worn and erest not developed). B.M. no. 19. 2.7.1. Original number 334. Collected 21st August, 1918. This handsome animal, which I have much pleasure in naming after Sr. Budin in recognition of the excellent work he has done, is readily distinguishable from all hitherto described South-American species by its conspicuous white tail and the proportions of its skull and teeth. C. tropicalis trichurus, Thos., from Panama, also has a white tail, but is larger and is otherwise wholly different. In the present collection there are three specimens of this genus—one larger with large teeth, and two smaller with very small molars,—but all with white tails, and it was natural to assume that the two smaller were females and the larger one a male. On investigation, however, not only of Sr. Budin’s labels, but of the skins themselves, damped and pliable, I find that all are certainly males, and are therefore clearly not of the same species. Consequently I am com- pelled further to describe 2. Conepatus calurus, sp. n. 6. 330, 361. A white-tailed skunk with narrower skull and smaller molars than in C. budini. Size slightly less than in C, budini, but still exceeding that of C. proteus. Fur long and thick. Hairs of nape either reversed or with an inclination to have twisted whorls. General pattern of colour much more white than in budin?, for instead of two comparatively narrow white stripes running down the black back, the whole nape and back hed be said to be white, with merely a narrow black line (4 to 3 inch in breadth, attaining 2 inch on the loins) along its centte, this line altogether failing in some parts. Posteriorly the white narrows, but is continuous with that of the tail. ‘Tail bushy, white, with a few black hairs intermixed. Skull about as long as that of C. budint, but narrower in proportion, the mastoid breadth, in a specimen with sagittal crest and worn teeth, disproportionately less than in that animal. Mesopterygoid fossa narrow. * In describing C. ajax (Ann. & Mag. Nat, Hist. (8) xi. p. 187, 1913) the diagonal measures of this tooth were given, and one of these was misprinted 9 instead of 6:9. The above measurements are sounder, if less easy to take, and in the type of C. ajax are 8'3 and 7:0 respectively. 492 Mr. O. Thomas on small Mammals Molars conspicuously smaller than in C. budini, their antero-posterior diameter less than the outer length of p*. Dimensions of the type :— Head and body 320 mm.; tail 190; hind foot 57; ear 25. Skull: greatest (diagonal) length 69°5; condylo-basal length 66:5; zygomatic breadth 43 ; interorbital breadth 21:2; intertemporal breadth 15°6; mastoid breadth 36; palatal length 28 ; breadth across outer corners of m' 26 ; breadth of mesopteryoid fossa 6°5 ; maxillary tooth-row 21:5; outer length of pt 6°7 ; m’, antero-posterior diameter 6, transverse diameter 8. Type. Old male, with worn teeth and well-developed crests. B.M. no. 19. 2. 7. 3. Original number 361. Cellected 28th September, 1918. As with C. budin?, the white tail and small size distinguish this skunk from all earlier-described species. From that animal it is separable by the less bulky skull and much smaller molars, in addition to the different pattern of the dorsal markings. In comparing the skull-measurements of the two note must be taken of the fact that the broad skull of the type of CO. budind is distinctly less aged than the narrow one of C. calurus. 3. Oryzomys sp. 6. 320, 348, 375, 383; 2. 329, 331, 376. 4. Andinomys edax, Thos. dé. 342. *€ Chozchorito.” © Rare.’—LL. B. The striking external resemblance that Andinomys bears to Phyllotis is shown by the fact that Sr. Budin, usually so quick to detect the finest specific distinctions, united with no. 342 several examples of the larger Phy/lotis of the same region. This forms a considerable extension of the known range of the species, which was first described from Potosi, and was again found by Sr. Budin in Central Jujuy. 5. Phyllotis tucumanus, Thos. Phyllotis darwint tucumanus, Thos. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) x. p. 408 (1912). go. 348, 344, 349, 852, 354, 364,370; 9. 337, 365, 367, 371. In view of the complication caused by the many local forms ~ of this genus, it seems best to use a trinomial term for this animal. rom “Otro Cerro,’ North-eastern Rioja. 493 A Bulle small, nasals unusually narrow and pointed behind, ears and tail short, all as compared with the next species. The bulle are about 4 mm. in longitudinal diameter as measured along a line parallel with the middle line of the skull. Kars as measured by collectors 21 or 22 mm. in length. ‘Tail usually 100-110, rarely 115mm. _ In two very old specimens, however, nos. 349 and 364,. of whose deter- mination I do not feel quite sure, these dimensions are exceeded, the ears and tail reaching to lengths normal in Ph. ricardulus. 6. Phyllotis ricardulus, sp. n. 3. 332, 355, 366, 372; 2. 346, 351, 373. Like P. Teena but Pail larver ate. larger ears, and longer tail. Size about as in tucumanus. General colour above olive- grey, varying, as do all the species of PAyllotis, in the extent to which buffy is suffused in the colour. Sides, when in adult pelage, with a well-marked buffy band running from cheeks to base of tail. Under surface soiled grey, the hairs very dark slaty basally, broadly washed with whitish or buffy whitish. Hars decidedly longer than in tucumanus, but much smaller than in vaccarwm or wolffsohni, their pro- ectote blackish, the rest grey. Hands and feet pure white. Tail longer and’ more heavily pencilled than in tucumanus, its length rarely less than 130 mm.; blackish proximally and black terminally above, white below. Skull with the nasals not so markedly narrowed behind as in éuceumanus. Supraorbital edges sharply square, not ridged. Palatal foramina reaching to the level of the first lamina of m’. Bulle comparatively large, distinctly larger and more fully inflated than in tucumanus, though smaller than in vaccarum, their antero-posterior length on a line parallel with the middle axis of the skull d9mm.ormore. Molars averaging smaller than in tucumanus, though rather variable. Dimensions of the type :— Head and body 112 mm.; tail 145; hind foot 26; ear 23. Skull: greatest length 30; condylo-incisive length 27:5 ; zygomatic breadth 15°8 ; nasals 12°5; interorbital eee 4:2 ; breadth of brain-case 14; palatine foramina 7°2 ; post- foraminal palate 5°3 ; bull (measured as described above) 5:1; upper molar series 5. Type. Adult female. ‘B.M. -no. 19. 2.7.27. Original number 346, Collected 31st August, 1918. Although undoubtedly closely allied to Ph. tucumanus, this species may be distinguished by its longer ears, its longer 494 Mr. O. Thomas on small Mammals and more heavily tufted tail, and its larger bulla. Comment has already been made on the number of species, superficially resembling each other, which live in this region, and the occurrence of these two closely allied Pericotes in the same locality is very remarkable. But it has a parallel in Hurope, in the relationship to each other of Apodemus sylvaticus aud A, flavicollis. These latter, however, are inclined to segregate themselves from each other locally, and it is not improbable that a closer study of the actual places where the two Pericotes are found will similarly show that they also are not both to be caught absolutely on the same ground. 7. Graomys cachinus, Allen. 3. 321, 323, 350, 378. [In naming these specimens I have re-examined the an- determined series referred to in my Chumbicha paper, which series I then supposed to belong to but a single species. To my surprise I now find that those specimens belong to no less than three species—large, middle, and small,—distin- guishable almost entirely by size, though, as is not unusual in such cases, the development of ears, tail, and tail-tufts are in proportion to the general size, the larger species being finer animals throughout, with more handsomely tufted tails. There are no specimens of a size to make determination difficult, and the series of each of the three species contains examples with fully worn teeth. The largest species, G. ca- chinus, has a skull-length of 33°5-35 mm. Following this we have 7 EA Graomys medius, sp. n. Size less than in G. cachinus, greater than in the next species. Oolour about as in cachinus, but there is rather less development of the buffy band along the sides. Under surface white, the hairs either wholly white or slaty at base, this character proving to be absolutely variable in all these species of Graomys. ‘Tail rather shorter and less tufted than in cachinus. Skull in all ways less developed than in cachinus, smaller, with shorter nasals, supraorbital edges sharply angular, but with less distinct beads than in cachinus ; bulle smaller. Dimensions of the type :— Head and body 124 mm.; tail 150; hind foot 27; ear 25. from “Otro Cerro,” North-eastern Rioja. 495 Skull: greatest length 31:2; condylo-incisive length 28°5 ; zygomatic breadth 16°L; nasals 11°8 ; interorbital breadth 5:2 ; breadth of brain-case 14:2; palatilar length 14°L; palatal foramina 7 ; antero-posterior length of bulla on a line parallel with the middle axis of the skull 6°4; upper molar series 5:2. Hab. (of type). Chumbicha, Catamarca. No specimens in the Otro Cerro collection. . Type. Adult male. B.M. no. -18. 11. 11. 23. Original number 262, Collected 6th July, 1918, by E. Budin. Presented by Oldfield Thomas. ‘len specimens examined. Finally, the third and smallest species is represented by half a dozen specimens from Chumbicha; but as the oldest and best is in the Otro Cerro collection, it may be described as an integral part of the present paper, as follows :—] 8. Graomys edith, sp. n. 3. 380. Size again smaller than in G. medius, making it the smallest known species of the genus. Colour about as in that animal, a buffy wash on the sides rarely present. Under surface white, the hairs either slaty basally or white to their roots. ‘Tail shorter than in meddus, and less heavily haired terminally ; brown above, white on sides and below. Skull a miniature of that of the other species ; supra- orbital edges without beading. Dimensions of the type :— Head and body 108 mm.; tail 127; hind foot 25; ear 20. Skull: greatest length 28°5 ; condylo-incisive length 26:5; zygomatic breadth 15; nasals 10°5 ; interorbital breadth 4:5 ; breadth of brain-case 13°53; palatilar length 12°8; palatal foramina 6°7; length of bullae 6; upper molar series 4°7. Hab. (of type). Otro Cerro; other specimens from Chumbicha. Type. Old male with worn teeth. B.M. no. 19.2. 7. 34. Original number 380. Collected 26th September, 1918. Hight specimens examined, This interesting little Graomys agrees with the larger species in all the essential characters of the group, and by the study of the whole series I am strongly confirmed as to the advisability of recognizing Graomys as a genus distinct from Phyllotis, a point on which Mr, Osgood has expressed some doubt. 496 Mr. O. Thomas on small Mammals 9. Akodon simulator, Thos. &. 326, 363, 377, 379, 381, 382 ; 2. 322, 368, 369. ‘These specimens appear to agree absolutely with the type- series of simulator from Tucuman, and equally to differ from the Chumbicha glaucinus, to which they are geographically so much nearer. 10. Akodon alterus, sp. n. &. 325, 327, 353, 359. Closely allied to A. spegazzini, but drabby brown instead of buffy olive. Size as in the allied species. General colour above drabby brown (between “ buffy brown” and “ Saccardo’s umber ” of Ridgway). Under surface dull soiled buffy throughout, the hairs broadly slaty at base, drabby or dull buffy terminally : hairs of inguinal region tipped with ochraceous, Ears coloured like head. Hands and feet dull drabby whitish ; claws of normal development, the anterior slightly shorter than the posterior. Tail of moderate length, blackish above, dull whitish below, the two colours gener rally well contrasted. Skull of the same narrow shape and with the same little swollen brain-case as in A. speguzzinii, this narrowness of skull distinguishing the two species from the members of the arenicola group. Lye gomatic plate well projected forward, its anterior edge often tending to be slightly concave. Palatal foramina very long, reaching to thie level of the second re-entrant angle on the inner side of m*. Bulle of normal size. Molars narrow, early worn down, those of the youngest specimen too worn to say if a detinite anterior notch is or is not present on m'. Dimensions of the type:— Head and body 83 mm.; tail 68 ; hind foot 20; ear 14. Skull: greatest length 25; condylo-incisive length 23°5 ; zygomatic breadth 12 Ge nae 9:4; interorbital breadth 46; breadth of brain-case 11; palatilar length 10°4 ; palatal foramina 6°3 ; postforaminal palate 2°9 ; upper molar series 4°3. Hab. (of type) asabove. Other specimens from Chumbicha, Type. Adult male. B.M. no, 19. 2.7.44. Original number 359. Collected 6th September, 1918. A. spegazzinii was described on a specimen from Cachi skinned out of spirit, and the coloration therefore could not _ —— rom “Otro Cerro,’ North-eastern Lioja. 497 ) Yy have been trusted for purposes of distinction. But fortunately a topotype skin has since been received, and this is of the same buffy olive colour as the specimens from Potosi referred to that species in 1902 *, A. alierus is readily distinguishable from the older-known species by the absence of the strong yellowish or buffy suffu- sion in the fur, No. 228, from Chumbicha, erroneously referred to A. areni- cola in my previous paper, also proves to belong to this species, while an additional specimen, no. 317, las also come from that locality. 11. Akodon orbus, sp. n. 9. 324. A proodont Akodon allied to A. lactens. General characters very much as in A. lactens, the colour practically the same except that there is no white patch on the chin. The tone is slightly duller and more drabby, but the difference amounts to little. ars slightly shorter, coloured like the bead. Fore-claws similarly elongated, as long as those of the hind feet. Tail blackish above, dull drabby on sides and below, the difference but little marked, Skull of lighter build, with markedly narrower muzzle than in lactens. Upper outline more bowed. LBrain-case smooth, unridged. Incisors similarly thrown forward (proodont), the incisive angle of the type 86°; they are light-coloured, as in A. lactens, but are distinctly more slender in a specimen as old as or older than the type of that animal. Molars rather narrower, of similarly high solid structure. Dimensions of the type:— Head and body 97 mm.; tail 59; hind foot 21; ear 14. Skull: greatest length (bone only) 26:4; condylo-incisive length 25:2; zygomatic breadth 14°6 ; breadth of muzzle 4°2 ; nasals 9°1 ; interorbital breadth 5; breadth of brain-case 12 ; palatine foramina 6°4; postforaminal palate 4; upper molar series 4°8, Type. Old female. B.M. no. 19. 2.7.45. Original number 324. Collected 21st August, 1918. This species is evidently closely related to Panne b: 1s Snails tethered in Maidenhead Thicket. z Number of | Number of Number of Bands. Snails. Snails taken. A pain dy sz crane dake wee sreuciayeasiatets ; 7 IL DO pands:.. stem teactesletiels coe i 3 SoM ete DS. ieee Ds tech 23 4 BE ae TA a eS ae 8 CML, 6 © RT Ser) Muse aie Mts Sete ices pouches 20 1 Vars. rubella and eastanea (un- handed) iii sew acieansios a 1] 2 Mota. etme. Mgt 80 17 Tas_e II. Cambridge. Anvils. Formule. July 30th, August 13th, October 21st. 1G) Ie ook Je OR Oe Ove) Ma P0e Het (Oath | ree ir 11 2} 1/10] 97/1 5 | 103(45) 2 Loven. 10 | Tl de iets Gc) 1 Var) tarde (12)3(45) 9.0.00... 1 Pane aes ober (12) (B45) 2 yan sire 2 elu ees SO ee (19945) 5. ocean. ¥ Soil sal jewels Oh aaa 1EBOS ee eae 11 ea ib A (8 eae 1 7; NOSODS sec ae eee 1 oe POSOO Rete nise clo cree ll af seta ts ol ereas lees OOS345 4 Sa. crise een ae as 2 TST Oa) Feet Pipe (12)3004 ........ 1 Rad eee ets ae at po OBAD Per ee cores sie 5 A TM aera: ai here Oa ato. cade ce at 5 2 7 | 10 O23 (45) Pid eke - asolle bill 5 LO3(AB)S es Minar : Ser ka Q0340 oes. cee 3 ‘is ua eee 1 OOSA Do wane sence ree 4 2 Lato ‘ Unbanded var. l- Bellies as Sia 2 Ql 8 8 1 Unbanded vars. ru- bella and cas- CANECO en 9 i 4 2 , ‘ Helicella cantiana™\ 9 Pe 16 ere oan Total 81 915 | 31 | 13 | 49 {118 9 1 5 separate bands = 11:2 per cent. 2 5 bands with 4+5 fused = 4:1 per cent. 3 5 bands with fusions = 12:0 per cent. 4 « Plain below” = one or more of bands 3, 4, 5 absent = 20:7 per cent. 5 «Plain above” = one or more of bands 1, 2 absent = 29°3 per cent. * Unbanded = 17°5 per cent. 7 Helicella cantiana = 4:9 per cent. Total. Selection of Helix nemoralis by the Song-Thrush. 529 Tas.e III. Control Collection for comparison with Table II. Formula, Number. Per cent. of total. LIDS YG) ON a See ee Re 8 13'5 TS (C5) oS Renee Sele 3 5-0 CEC a ere eee 1 1:7 OUSAOE critiete wile /elcic-cl a. sivie@ 1 EF, Py ites Woks wake adh 1 ECE BOO ee acreesctaaheal ietoacte it 17 OOS OO oi ere eran os cts chlo ake leven 1 ez 00000 (Jibellula)®........00.. 4| “eh Vars. rubella and castanea .... 6 | TU CHTUNGIUG wis ti o'a afetehotareite ries 33 55°9 Motall-. tes, cise cishetace oes 59 Section II. By Frances Pitt. At the request of Miss M. D. Haviland, I obtained a young song-thrush in the spring of 1918, and reared it by hand, in order to ascertain whether the thrush has a preference for a particular variety of Helix nemoralis, and also if the habit peculiar to the thrush of breaking snail- shells on an “anvil” is instinctive or acquired through experience by each young bird. When the bird was fully fledged I offered it two examples of Helix nemoralis, of formule 00000 and 12345 respec- tively. The thrush paid no attention to them unless they moved, and then it pecked at the protruding tentacles until the snails withdrew into the shells, after which the bird ignored them. The experiment was repeated the next day, with the same result, except that the bird pecked the shells sharply two or three times. On the third day four snails were offered—two 12345 and two 00000. This time, when the bird’s attack caused the snail to retract, the thrush turned one shell over, looked into the cavity, and shook it vigorously before casting it aside. At the fourth trial, two days later, five nemoralis were offered—two 00000 and three 12345. This time the thrush carried one of the former variety round the cage, and struck it on the ground until it fell from his grasp, whereupon he picked it up again and battered it on astone. As it did not crack readily, he seized each of the others in turn, and tried in vain to break them. Finally, he took the first snail again, and ultimately broke it open and ate it. From the foregoing observations I am inclined to believe that the only part of the snail-cracking habit which is 530 Selection of Helix nemoralis by the Song-Thrush. inherited is the impulse to beat living prey on some hard object, although in one instance I saw the thrush hammer a snail on a sofa-cushion. The habit can be perfected by time and practice, and as it grew older the bird became increasingly expert, for ‘the work requires considerable effort, especially when dealing with strong mature shells. As regards the selection of a particular type of shell, my experiments gave negative results. I never offered more than three snails at one time—formulz 00000, 12345, and (12345). The results, which are summarized in Table IV., seem to show that the snails were selected quite at random, so that any preponderance of unbahded types at “ anvils” is not due to selection by thrushes. I offered specimens of both castanea and rubella to the bird, and the results show that, although a greater number of castanea were left unbroken than of other hues, this was due to the stouter shell. As it became more practised, the bird learnt to break them as readily as the more thin-shelled varieties. Table V. shows the contents of three “ anvils ” found near Bridgenorth in Shropshire on a roadside bank in a wooded district, and Table VI. shows a control collection made in the vicinity. From the evidence afforded by this captive thrush, and by the “anvils” in this district, I conclude that the proportions of varieties of Helix nemoralis found at the breaking-stones is influenced chiefly by the proportions present in the locality. TaBxe IV, Helix nemoralis offered to and eaten by Thrush. Formula. Offered. Eaten. Per cent. 00000 «0% «05% sa clenee 56 26 46-4 P2G4D: s,s wate wie -q are 49 21 42°8 (12885). ees 39 23 56-4 TaBLe V, “ Anvil” Collection from Bridgenorth, Shropshire. Formula. Number. Per cent. OOO00 3. ats reels eaaetammmisiets «see 5 bere PQS4S $i, he Wisk LSA eeee ne 24 13 28'8 12845) ui: bbe Se ae 1 22 L2G(AD) tes hao wD alolays ySEIE Newel hey 4 88 TEC E Ss) ea ee ee tra Sve 1 2-2 (12) (BES ek ec ieee ee. 1 2-2 (123)(45)! SIS, Ne. he ace ae eos 7 155 KAZS AD) hs ACF ALE (ie hor one eae 10 22°2 On the Genus Lepidobatrachus, Budgett. 531 Tasue VI, Control Collection to Table V. > Formula. Number. Per cent. OOOO Rte Sects ciacs's's eed iw ee 14 29-2 OSU Rei eaes «Matas coeictine cane 1 1°5 RD SA Dee are a oe the iss Stork ov 6. 6 17 26°5 T28(45\.< 2 ses gh Wet 8 12:5 MSNA ein. hia: es ale snhjae: « 10 156 WIDSAD ete. c cre ata en sitar eskeiee 14 25°0 SuMMARY. The conclusions drawn from the foregoing observations are :— The selection of snails by thrushes is entirely haphazard, and the evidence does not suggest that one form is more palatable than another. There is some evidence that many-banded specimens of H. nemoralis are more abundant in bushy shaded places. As the thrushes as a rule prefer open feeding-grounds, it is possible that this may account for the higher proportion of unbanded shells at certain ‘ anvils.” The young thrush does not recognize and crack snail- shells instinctively, but each individual probably learns to do so by personal experience. LV.—On the Genus Lepidobatrachus, Budgett. By G. A. Bourenecer, F.R.S, (Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) Tue British Museum has recently received, by way of exchange with the Cambridge Museum of Zoology, the type- specimens of the problematic Paraguayan Frogs discovered by the late J. S. Budgett, and very shortly described by him in the ‘ Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science,’ xlii. 1899, p. 329, under the names of Lepidobatrachus asper and L. levis. I seize this opportunity for expressing an opinion on their systematic position, which had not been dealt with by the author, and for correcting some errors in which he had fallen. I can see no reason for maintaining the genus Lepido- batrachus (etymological justification not stated). On com- paring Budgett’s diagnosis with that of Ceratophrys, one 532 On the Genus Lepidobatrachus, Budyett. might think the absence of vomerine teeth and the presence of “ two large teeth in dentaries of lower jaw” in the former sufficienf ground for generic separation, but both these statements are incorrect. Vomerine teeth are present, forming two small groups between the choanz, and the supposed teeth in the lower jaw are simply bony processes at the symphysis such as are known in several species of Rana and Ceratophrys. The teeth in the upper jaw are consider- ably larger than usual, but the same is the case in Cerato- phrys ornata, Rana adspersa, aud other Frogs with biting propensities. “ Fontanelles in the parietal region” seems in contradiction with the ‘‘ great development of membrane bones in the head” ; I am unable to explain what the author had in view. Budgett thought his Lepidobutrachus levis might be the same species as his L. asper, but I have no doubt the two are perfectly distinct, as may be seen from the following notes :— Ceratophrys aspera, Budg. Tongue a little broader than long, entire, moderately free behind, with a round central papillose area. Vomerine teeth in two small rounded groups between the choane ; maxillary teeth large; a pair of large, acutely pointed tooth- like processes at the symphysis of the lower jaw. Habit very stout, arm and thigh enclosed in the integument of the body. Head very convex, much broader than long ; a rough bony casque surrounding the orbits; snout rounded, profile descending abruptly from the nostrils to the mouth; nostrils close together, 3 times as distant from the tip of the snout as from the eye; latter small, its diameter one-half its distance from the mouth ; interorbital space concave, nearly us broad as the upper eyelid; tympanum moderately distinct, as Jarge as the eye, from which it is two diameters distant. Fingers rather slender, pointed, without subarticular tu- bercies, first shorter than second. Hind limb very short, as long as or slightly longer than head and body ; tibia shorter than the foot, 34 times in length from snout to vent ; toes short, pointed, half-webbed, without subarticular tubercles ; a narrow tarsal fold and a very large oblique, compressed, sharp-edged inner metatarsal tubercle, the length of which is much greater than that of the inner toe. Upper parts with numerous small warts of unequal size; a narrow, spindle-shaped, granulate dermal bone, about half the length of the head, at a short distance from the latter, above the On new Pyralide of the Subfumily Crambine. 533 anterior vertebre ; lower parts smooth; metatarsal tubercle and tips of toes with black horny sheaths. Budgett described the colour (in life?) as “dull leaden” above ; it is now dark brown, with darker vertical bars on the sides of the head and ill-defined spots and marblings on the body ; lower parts white or brownish white, mottled with pale brown on the throat and on the sides. The two female specimens measure 70 mm. and 60 mm. from snout to vent respectively. Ceratophrys levis, Budg, Differs from the preceding in the perfectly smooth head and body, the absence of the bony dorsal shield, the broader and flatter interorbital region, which exceeds the width of the upper eyelid, the longer tibia, which is 33 times in the length from snout to vent, and the broader membrane _ between the toes, which may be described as two-thirds webbed. A single female specimen, measuring 68 mm. from snout to vent, LVI.—Descriptions of New Pyvralide of the Subfamilies Crambine and Sigine. By Sir Georee F, Hampson, Bart., F.Z.8., &e. [Continued from p. 457. | (12) Eudorina leucosticta, sp. n. Brassy ochreous; head, thorax, and abdomen tinged with reddish brown. Fore wing with the veins streaked with brown ; dentate brown subbasal and antemedial lines with whitish diamond- shaped marks between them in and below the cell and a similar smaller mark in the cell before the subbasal line ; an obliquely curved discoidal white lunule and a short streak beyond upper angle of cell; the postmedial line oblique, double with whitish marks in interspaces between its two portions, arising from apex and strongly dentate inwards on vein 2; a fine subterminal line, the cilia intersected with brown. Hind wing paler with whitish patch beyond upper angle of cell. Hab. Br. N. Guinea, Humboldt Bay (Doherty); D’ Enrre- casTEAUX Is., Fergusson I. (Meek), 13 type. Hup., 5 20, 2 28 mm. Subsp. 1. Head, thorax, and fore wing more unitorm red-brown, Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol, ii. 30 534 .- Sir G. F. Hampson on new the last with the white spots much more prominent and additional specks above middle of inner margin and on termen below apex ; the lines almost obsolete, the outer edge of the postmedial line appearing asa series of dark points; abdomen and hind wing pale in male, rufous in female. Hab. Matay Srates, Padang Rengas; AmsBorna, in Coll. Rothschild. (5a) Ommatopteryx discopis, sp. n. @. Head white, slightly mixed with brown ; thorax pale brown with a white dorsal fascia on tegulz, the patagia white with brown fascia at middle, the metathorax white behind ; abdomen whitish tinged with brown ; palpi pale red-brown, white at base and the maxillary palpi white at tips; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white slightly mixed with pale red-brown. Fore wing whitish tinged with brown and irrorated with blackish, the post- medial area irrorated with elongate black scales except towards costa and inner margin ; a slightly sinuous pale yellow medial band just before end of cell, slightly defined at sides by dark brown, with a narrow white band before it from subcostal nervure to vein 1, and a small black spot in the cell; a small round white spot with black centre at discal fold beyond the cell ; subterminal line fine, brown, excurved to discal fold and with some pale yellow before it below costa, below discal fold defined on each side by white ; a terminal series of eight minute quadrate black spots from discal fold to tornus, the cilia beyond them metallic cupreous at base and with a metallic cupreous line near base to apex. Hind wing white tinged with red-brown, the cilia white with a red-brown line at middle to vein 2. Underside white, the fore wing faintly tinged with red- brown except on inner area; both wings with faint brown subterminal line to vein 2. Hab. Transvaat, Pretoria (Janse), 1 9 type. Hep. 18 mm. (6a) Ommatopteryx corsicalis, sp. n. d. Head, thorax, and abdomen pale red-brown mixed with some whitish ; antenne pale red-brown ; maxillary palpi brown at base, white at tips ; palpi white, tinged with rufous except below; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white tinged with rufous. Fore wing whitish suffused with red-brown and irrorated with blackish on basal area and just beyond the medial band which is yellow defined at sides by diffused brown and with a narrow white band before it, slightly bent inwards to inner margin ; a narrow white subterminal band defined at sides by brown lines, slightly incurved below costa, then oblique to discal fold where it is angled outwards to termen, then inwardly oblique, a small blackish spot beyond it below costa with a slight oblique dark line from it across apical area to near termen ; the apex whitish with an oblique dark subapical mark on it ; three pairs of minute black terminal spots from vein 5 to above tornus with the cilia beyond them metallic silver at base, the rest of cilia Pyralidee of the Subfamily Crambine. 535 white with a brown line near base to vein 5. Hind wing white tinged with red-brown, the cilia white with a brown line near base. Underside of fore wing suffused with red-brown, the apical area and termen white. Hab. Corsica, Vizzavona (Walsingham), 1 ¢ type. Exp. 20 mm. (13) Ommatopteryx micralis, sp. n. 2. Head, thorax, and abdomen fulvous yellow mixed with some white ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white. Fore wing white thickly irrorated with fulvous yellow; a narrow inwardly oblique white medial band defined on each side by slight fuscous lines with diffused fulvous yellow beyond them ; a narrow curved white band slightly defined by fulvous yellow from costa beyond middle to termen at vein 5; five black points on a slight white band on termen between vein 4 and tornus; cilia with a brown line near base, faint on apical half and some brown at tips. Hind wing white; a slight yellow mark minutely irrorated with black on termen at vein 2; cilia with some black at tips to vein 2 and the hair on inner margin tipped with black and yellow on tornal half. Underside of fore wing suffused with red-brown except on inner area. Hab. Puttrprines, Luzon, Benguet Prov., Irizan, 1 2 type. Kap. 10 mm. (14) Ommatopteryx delicatalis, sp. n. Q. Head, thorax, and abdomen white tinged with fulvous yellow, the back of head with a black point, the thorax with a few large black scales ; palpi with some blackish towards tips ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen fulvous yellow, the tarsi banded with brown. Fore wing creamy white irrorated with large black seales, the postmedial area rather more thickly irrorated except at costa which is without black scales ; an oblique metallic silver medial line defined on outer side by a bright yellow band, slightly incurved in the cell; a metallic silver discoidal lunule ; a metallic silver subterminal line, obliquely excurved and defined on inner side by a bright yellow band from costa to discal fold and with the apical area beyond it suffused with yellow; seven black spots on termen between vein 5 and tornus, rather smaller above and a slight black line on termen towards apex, the cilia metallic silver beyond the spots. Hind wing silvery white. _ Underside of fore wing tinged with red-brown. Hab, Br. C. Arrica, Mt. Mlanje (Neave), 1 2 type. Exp. 22 mm. (16) Ommatopteryx brunnealis, sp. n. Head, thorax, and abdomen red-brown, the ventral surface of abdomen with some whitish. Fore wing red-brown with a cupreous ee but 536 Sir G. F. Hampson on new gloss and mixed with some whitish especially before and beyond the inwardly oblique rather ill-defined narrow red-brown medial band ; an oblique ill-defined whitish band across apical area and a curved whitish mark just before termen towards apex; five black points defined by white on termen between vein 4 and tornus ; cilia white with a brown line at middle and some brown at tips. Hind wing white faintly tinged with red-brown, a brown terminal line and a red-brown line through the cilia. Underside of fore wing suffused with red-brown, the costal area deeper red-brown. Hab. Puitrerrnes, Negros I. (Whitehead), 6 3g, 1 type. Exp. 14 mm. (12) Erupa plumbealis, sp. n. Head and thorax dark red-brown glossed with leaden grey ; ‘abdomen slightly paler red-brown. Fore wing dark glossy red- brown ; an indistinct red-brown antemedial line faintly defined on inner side by greyish, arising at subcostal nervure and strongly excurved between discal and submedian folds; an indistinct red- brown discoidal bar with a slight greyish mark before it at upper angle of cell; an indistinct shghtly waved red-brown subterminal line somewhat angled inwards at the veins, defined on outer side by greyish, then by rather diffused red-brown ; a series of prominent rather triangular pure white points just before termen from below apex to above tornus; cilia with a whitish line at base. Hind wing rather paler red-brown with a whitish line at base of cilia. Underside dark glossy red-brown; both wings with indistinct curved dark postmedial line. Hab. Cotompta, Choko, Rio Siato, 2 ¢ type, Pueblo Rico, 19. Hxp., $ 42-46, 2 60 mm. (2a) Erupa puneticilialis, sp, n. Q. Head and thorax dark glossy red-brown; abdomen rather paler red-brown with slight whitish dorsal segmental lines ; pectus with some whitish below the wings. Fore wing glossy red-brown with a series of prominent white points at base of cilia. Hind wing white, the terminal area suffused with red-brown except towards tornus ; cilia with a series of slight white spots at base to below vein 2 and some white at tips. Underside red-brown, the hind wing with the cell and inner area white. Hab. ARGENTINA, Gran Chaco, Florenzia (Wagner), 1 2 type. Exp. 40 min. (40) Erupa digrammica, sp. n. ¢. Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreous white suffused with rufous. Fore wing ochreous white suffused with rufous and slightly irrorated with dark brown ; a discoidal lunule indistinetly defined by dark red-brown and with an oblique line from it to inner margin with a rather whiter shade before it and oblique Pyralide of the Subfamily Crambine. 537 rufous shade beyond it from costa; a slightly crenulate dark red- brown subterminal line with a whiter shade before it and dark points on the veins, excurved below costa; a terminal series of dark brown striz ; cilia with a red-brown line near base and dark tips. Hind wing glossy ochreous tinged with rufous ; an indistinct curved red-brown subterminal line and terminal series of dark red- brown striz. Underside yellowish suffused with rufous; both wings with chocolate-brown discoidal points, curved punctiform postmedial line and terminal series of points. Hab. Perv, La Oroya (Ockenden), 2d type. Hap. 28-30 mm. (6a) Erupa schenobina, sp. v. Q@. Head, thorax, and abdomen pale ochreous; pectus and ventral surface of abdomen white. Fore wing with the apex produced and acute ; a rather diffused oblique red-brown line from vein 2 near its origin to inner margin before middle; a diffused slightly waved and very oblique postmedial red-brown line arising near apex and with darker points at the veins; a faint diffused red-brown subterminal line arising from the costa at the post- medial line; a terminal series of dark points. Hind wing white tinged with ochreous especially on inner area; postmedial dark points on veins 6 to 4, then a slight line with a faint diffused subterminal line beyond it; a terminal series of dark points to vein 2. Underside white ; both wings with dark discoidal points ; fore wing with oblique waved dark postmedial line from costa to vein 4; hind wing with slightly waved subterminal line. Hab. Peru, Yahuarmayo, 2 2 type. Hap. 46-60 mm. (6c) Erupa unipunctalis, sp. n. 3. Head, thorax, and abdomen grey-white tinged with purple- brown. Fore wing grey-white tinged with purple-brown and irrorated with dark brown ; a prominent black discoidal point and terminal series of small blackish points. Hind wing glossy whitish tinged with brown; a terminal series of slight brown points to submedian fold. Underside of fore wing and costal area of hind wing strongly suffused with brown. Hab. Brazitt, Castro Parafia (D. Jones), 1 & type. Eup. 38 mm. (6d) Erupa arenalis, sp. 0. 3. Head and thorax whitish tinged with brown; abdomen white tinged with brown except towards base and with some ochreous on dorsum towards base ; antennze brownish except above ; palpi white, strongly irrorated with dark brown above ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white, the tarsi tinged with flesh- red. Fore wing ochreous white suffused with brown and strongly irrorated with dark brown, the costal edge pure white; a dark brown discoidal point; a postmedial series of dark brown points 538 - Sir G. F. Hampson on new between veins 6 and 1, very oblique from vein 4 -to middle of vein 1; a curved punctiform brown subterminal line from below costa to submedian fold; a terminal series of slight brown points. Hind wing silvery white, the costal area slightly tinged with brown except towards apex ; an indistinct curved brown subterminal line from costa to vein 2. Underside of fore wing and costal area of hind wing suffused with brown except on terminal areas and on terminal half of costa of fore wing. 2. Palpi irrorated with paler brown above; fore wing much less strongly irrorated with brown and with hardly a trace of the postmedial series of points on the punctiform postmedial line ; hind wing wholly white with the subterminal line ; underside with the disk of fore wing only tinged with red-brown. Hab. Argentina, Gran Chaco, Florenzia (Wagner), 2 3, Santa Fé, Ocampo (Wagner), 2 3,1 2 type. Huxp., 5 30-86, 2 42 mm. (8c) Erupa carnealis, sp. n. Q. Head and thorax ochreous white tinged with rufous; abdomen white tinged with ochreous; palpi white, slightly irrorated with brown above; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white tinged with ochreous. Fore wing ochreous tinged with rufous and slightly irrorated with dark brown scales except on costal area, the costal edge white; a prominent black discoidal point ; a terminal series of slight dark points. Hind wing silvery white with a faint ochreous tinge. Underside white, the fore wing and costal area of hind wing tinged with red-brown. Hab. Paraguay, Sapucay (Foster), 1 9 type; ARGENTINA, Santa Fé, Ocampo (Wagner), 1 2. Hap. 34-42 mm. Genus HYPIEsTa, nov. Type, H. argyrogramma. Proboscis aborted and minute ; palpi downcurved, extending about twice the length of head and fringed with rough hair; maxillary palpi triangularly dilated with scales; frons smooth; antennz of male laminate and minutely ciliated. Fore wing with the apex rounded, the termen evenly curved; vein 8 from before angle of cell; 4, 5 from angle; 6 from below upper angle; 7 from angle ; 8, 9, 10 stalked ; 11 becoming coincident with 12. Hind wing with vein 8 from angle of cell; 4,5 stalked; 6, 7 from upper angle, 7 anastomosing with 8. (1) Hypiesta argyrogramma, sp. n. 3d. Head, thorax, and abdomen white tinged with brown ; palpi whitish irrorated with dark brown ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen whitish suffused with brown. Fore wing whitish irrorated with dark brown to end of cell, the postmedial area Pyralidee of the Subfamily Crambine. 539 slightly irrorated with red-brown, the terminal area suffused with red-brown ; an almost straight red-brown line at end of cell with a minute black discoidal spot on its outer edge; a metallic silvery subterminal line defined on each side by red-brown, excurved below _costa ; a terminal series of minute black points bisected by white ; cilia red-brown and metallic silver. Hind wing white faintly tinged with red-brown. Underside of fore wing and costal area of hind wing suffused with red-brown. Hab. Br. E. Arrica, Kikuyu, Nairobi (Crawshay), 1 3 type. Exp. 16 mm. (2) Hypiesta flavirufalis, sp. n: . Q. Head and thorax yellowish white suffused with rufous; abdomen creamy white, tinged with rufous at base; palpi white irrorated with brown ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white suffused with rufous. Fore wing pale yellow tinged and irrorated with rufous, the terminal area strongly suffused with rufous ; obscure red-brown streaks in discal and submedian folds ; an oblique yellow fascia from apex to lower angle of cell defined on each side by diffused red-brown ; two oblique slightly waved brown subterminal lines from vein 6 to inner margin; a puncti- form dark terminal line; cilia pale yellow at base with dark line at middle and the tips tinged with red-brown. Hind wing glossy white. Underside white, the fore wing and costal area of hind wing tinged with rufous. Hab. Br. E. AFRICA, Teita (Jackson), 2 2 type.” Exp. 20- 24 mm. Genus PARERUPA, nov. Type, P. diagonalis. Proboscis aborted and minute; palpi downcurved, extending about twice the length of head and clothed with rough hair; maxillary palpi triangularly dilated with scales; frons smooth ; antennz of male laminate and almost simple. Fore wing with the apex somewhat produced, the termen obliquely curved ; vein 3 from well before angle of cell; 4, 5 from angle; 6 from below upper angle; 7 from angle; 8 and 10 stalked; 9 absent; 11 anastomosing with 12. Hind wing with vein 3 from just before angle of cell; 4, 5 stalked; 6 from just below upper angle and somewhat obsolescent; 7 anastomosing with 8. Parerupa diagonalis, sp. n. Head, thorax, and abdomen white tinged with brown especially the thorax; palpi white irrorated with dark brown; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white tinged with red-brown, the last irrorated with dark brown. Fore wing creamy white thickly irrorated with dark reddish brown; two obliquely placed black discoidal points; postmedial line double, brown, slightly waved, 510 Sir G. F. Hampson on new excurved to vein 4 just beyond the cell, then very oblique to-inner margin before middle, an oblique diffused brown streak to it at vein 6 from apex; an oblique diffused slightly waved dark brown line from termen below apex to inner margin beyond middle and a slightly waved red-brown line from below it before termen ; a red- brown terminal line with a series of prominent black points on it ; eilia white with a red-brown line at middle. Hind wing glossy white. Underside of fore wing except on inner area and the costal area of hind wing suffused with red-brown. Hab. Br. EK. Arrica, Athi R. (Betton), 3 2 type, Machakos (Crawshay), 1 g ; “Germ. E.Arrica,” L. Meru (Sjéstedt), 1 2. Exp. 24-26 mm. Genus CONIESTA, nov. Type, C. arealis. Proboseis aborted and minute; palpi downcurved, extending about twice the length of head and clothed with rough hair; maxillary palpi triangularly dilated with scales; frons with pointed conical prominence; antenne of of male laminate and minutely ciliated. Fore wing with the apex somewhat produced, the termen obliquely curved ; vein 3 from well before angle of cell; 5 from just above angle; 6 from below upper angle; 7 from angle; 8, 9, 10 stalked ; 11 anastumosing with 12. Hind wing with vein 3 from before angle of cell; 4, 5 from angle; 6, 7 from upper angle, 7 anastomosing with 8. (1) Coniesta arealis. Chila arealis, Hmpsn. J. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc. xxi. p. 1250 (1912). Manpras, Nilgiris, Palni Hills. (2) Coniesta undilinealis, sp. n. ¢. Head white; thorax white suffused with brown ; abdomen white tinged with brown and with some fulvous at base of dorsum ; antenne, palpi, pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white tinged with brown. Fore wing white tinged with reddish brown and irrorated with brown; a minute black discoidal spot; post- medial line dark brown, waved, arising at discal fold and strongly incurved below the cell to inner margin before middle ; an obliquely curved waved dark brown subterminal line; a terminal series of black points, almost obsolete towards apex. Hind wing glossy white. Underside of fore wing and costal area of hind wing suffused with reddish brown. @. Abdomen creamy white; fore wing with the discoidal spot at lower angle of cell, the subterminal line bent inwards to join the postmedial line above inner margin, the fore wing and hind wing to vein 2 with terminal series of black points. Hab. Br. C. Arrica, Mt. Mlanje (Neave), 45,32 type. Exp., $6 18, 2 22-28 mm. Pyralidee of the Subfamily Crambine. 541 (83) Coniesta rufifusalis, sp. n. 9. Head and thorax yellowish suffused with rufous ; abdomen creamy white with some fulvous at base of dorsum; palpi rufous ; pectus and legs white tinged with rufous. Fore wing yellowish suffused with rufous; an oblique slightly waved brown antemedial line from cell to inner margin; a black discoidal point; post- medial line brown, slightly waved, arising below the costa, excurved to vein 4, then incurved to middle of inner margin ; an obliquely curved waved brown subterminal line with another line beyond it below vein 2; a terminal series of black points. Hind wing glossy white. Underside of fore wing and costal area- of hind wing suffused with brown. Hab. Br. C. Arrtca, Mt. Mlanje (Weave), 3 2 type Exp. 20-22 mm. Genus ADELPHERUPA, Nov. Type, A. flavescens. Proboscis aborted, minute ; palpi downcurved, extending about three times length of head and clothed with rough hair; maxillary palpi triangularly dilated with scales; frons smooth; antennie of male minutely serrate and fasciculate. Fore wing with the apex rounded, the termen evenly curved; vein 3 from before angle of cell; 4, 5 from angle or very shortly stalked; 6, 7 from cell or shortly stalked ; 8, 9, 10 stalked; 11 from cell. Hind wing with vein 8 from before angle of cell; 4, 5 from angle or shortly stalked ; 6, 7 from upper angle, 7 anastomosing with 8. ® (1) Adelpherupa flavescens, sp. n. ¢. Head and thorax ochreous yellow suffused with red-brown ; abdomen ochreous yellow slightly tinged with red-brown. Fore wing ochreous yellow suffused with red-brown especially on costal and terminal areas; two minute black-brown spots in submedian fold on medial area; an indistinct oblique dark streak from apex to beyond lower angle of cell; a terminal series of black points. Hind wing pale ochreous yellow faintly irrorated with brown; a terminal series of black points to vein 2. Underside yellow, the fore wing suffused with red-brown, the hind wing tinged and irrorated with red-brown. @. Fore wing much less suffused and more strongly irrorated with red-brown except at costa, a single medial point in submedian fold, the oblique streak more distinct. Ab. 1. 2. Head, thorax, abdomen, and fore wing ochreous white with hardly any red-brown tinge, the last slightly irrorated with brown, the medial points absent, the oblique streak very indistinct ; hind wing creamy white. Hab. N. Nraerta, Lokoja (Dudgeon), 13, Borgu, Yelwa Lake, (Migeod), 1 2; Br. EH. Arrica, Shambe (Betton),1 3,3 Q type; Ueanpa, Gondokoro (Reymes-Cole), 3 Q ; “Grr. E. 542 Sir G. F. Hampson on new Arrica,” Dar-es-Salaam, 1 9; Br. C. Arrica, Karonga (Grogan), 1 9, Mt. Mlanje (Neave), 1 9; PortTuauEsE KE. Arrica, Mt. Chiperone (Neave),1 ¢. Hap. 22-34 mm, (2) Adelpherupa albescens, sp. n. @. Head, thorax, and abdomen creamy white, the sides of head and outer edge of patagia faintly tinged with red-brown ; palpi and legs suffused with dark red-brown. Fore wing creamy white slightly irrorated with blackish, the costal half tinged with red- brown ; a minute black spot in submedian fold below middle of cell and another below end of cell; an oblique dark streak from apex to beyond end of cell; a terminal series of black points. Hind wing creamy white with a terminal series of black points to vein 2. Underside of fore wing and the costal area of hind wing | suffused with red-brown. Hab. Br. E. Arnica, Alis (Betton), 1 9; Br. C. Arnica, Mt. Mlanje (eave), 8 9 type. Hep. 30-36 mm. Genus ParaTR#A, nov. Type, P. plumbipicta. Proboscis aborted and minute; palpi downcurved, extending about twice the length of head and clothed with rough hair; maxillary palpi triangularly dilated with scales; frons with large pointed conical prominence; antenne of female almost simple. Fore wing with the apex rounded, the termen obliquely curved ; vein 3 from well before angle of cell; 5 from above angle; 6 from below upper angle; 7 from angle; 8, 9, 10 stalked; 11 anasto- mosing with 12. Hind wing with vein 3 from near angle of cell ; 4, 5 coincident or strongly stalked; 6, 7 from upper angle, 7 anastomosing with 8. (1) Paratrea plumbipicta, sp. n. 9. Head and thorax glossy black-brown with a red-brown tinge ; abdomen red-brown suffused with dark brown and with some deep fulvous at base of dorsum. Fore wing fulvous yellow suffused with deep rufous except on costal area to end of cell and a broad oblique band before the subterminal line from vein 6 to inner margin, the terminal area deep rufous suffused with dark brown ; a diffused black fascia on basal part of median nervure with silvery leaden scales beyond it in the cell and below it at base ; an indistinct oblique waved black line from beyond upper angle of cell to below lower angle with some silvery leaden scales before it ; an oblique slightly waved black subterminal line from below apex to inner margin with diffused silvery leaden scales beyond it; cilia suffused with leaden grey. Hind wing glossy ochreous white suffused with brown. ° Underside uniformly suffused with red- brown. Hab. N. Niaerta, Zungeru (Macfie), 2 2 type. Harp. 26mm. Pyralide of the Subfamily Crambine. 543 (2) Paratrea grisetfasciata, sp. n. 2. Head and thorax white tinged with yellow; abdomen ochreous yellow, whitish at base; palpi, pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen ochreous yellow. Fore wing pale yellow, the costal edge white; a grey-brown fascia below base of median nervure and through terminal half of cell; a narrow oblique grey-brown band from lower angle of cell to inner margin before middle ; a diffused oblique grey-brown postmedial band from vein 7 to middle of inner margin; a narrow grey-brown subterminal band excurved below costa, then oblique; a terminal series of minute fuscous spots; cilia whitish at tips. Hind wing glossy white with a yellowish tinge. Underside of fore wing and costal area of hind wing tinged with yellow. Hab. Transvaat (Janse), 1 2 type. Exp. 34mm. (1 a) Diatrea obliqualis, sp. n. Both wings with veins 4, 5 stalked. @. Head and thorax whitish suffused with ochreous brown ; abdo- men white, the 2nd and 3rd segments dorsally fulvous ; pectus and legs white, the latter tinged with ochreous. Fore wing ochreous tinged with rufous and slightly irrorated with brown; a minute fuscous discoidal spot; an obliquely curved brownish line from apex to inner margin before middle; an obliquely curved reddish brown line from vein 5 before termen to inner margin beyond middle; a terminal series of prominent black points. Hind wing glossy white. Underside of fore wing and costal area of hind -wing tinged with rufous. Hab. Ar@eEntTINA, Corrientes, Goya (Perrins), 1 9 type. Exp. 22 mm. (1 b) Diatrea cashmirensis. 3. Head and thorax ochreous brown, the frons and patagia except on outer side towards base white ; abdomen ochreous white, dorsally suffused with reddish brown towards base ; palpi and legs ochreous suffused with brown; pectus white. Fore wing pale ochreous yellow thickly irrorated with large dark reddish brown seales tending to form streaks in the interspaces; traces of a silvery subterminal line; a terminal series of minute black-brown spots. Hind wing white tinged with pale brown, the cilia pure white. Underside suffused with pale red-brown. Hab. Kasunmir, Dras (Leech), 1 3 type. Hap. 30 mm. ' (8) Diatrea ustalis, sp. n. 2. Head and thorax greyish suffused with brown, the frons white; abdomen ochreous tinged with red-brown ; palpi, pectus, and legs pale red-brown. Fore wing greyish ochreous suffused with red-brown and irrorated with dark brown; a faint curved dark subterminal line; a terminal series of black-brown points. 544 Sir G. F. Hampson on new Hind wing ochreous tinged with pale red-brown; a fine brown terminal line; cilia brownish white with a slight brown line near base. Underside greyish suffused with red-brown. Hab. Cacuar, Kanny Koory,1 9 type. Hap. 36 mm. (9) Diatrea flavalis, sp. n. @. Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreous yellow; palpi above and legs slightly tinged with red-brown. Fore wing ochreous yellow slightly irrorated with red-brown, the terminal area faintly tinged with rufous ; a terminal series of dark brown points ; cilia with red-brown mixed except at base. Hind wing ochreous white slightly tinged with brown. Underside strongly suffused with red- brown. Hab. Cryion (de Mowbray), 12 type. Exp. 40 mm. (10) Diatrea endothermalis, sp. n. 3. Head creamy white with some rufous behind, the antenne and palpi pale rufous ; thorax and abdomen yellowish suffused with rufous, the latter with the 2nd segment dorsally deep rufous, the anal tuft creamy white; legs suifused with rufous; pectus and ventral surface of abdomen yellowish white. Fore wing very pale yellow sparsely irrorated with red-brown, the inner area tinged with rufous; a minute dark brown discoidal spot; a rufous point on vein 5 beyond the cell and oblique striga from vein 2 below end of cell; an oblique sinuous rufous subterminal line from vein 2 to inner margin ; a terminal series of black-brown points ; cilia tinged with rufous at tips. Hind wing creamy white, the inner area slightly tinged with rufous ; some dark points on termen towards apex. Underside creamy white. Hab. Prrv, Yahuarmayo, 1 ¢ type. Herp. 40 mm. (11) Diatrea calamina, sp. n. ©. Head and thorax ochreous suffused with rufous ; abdomen whitish suffused with rufous. Fore wing ochreous suffused and slightly irrorated with rufous ; some brownish in terminal half of cell and.a slight spot below middle of cell; an indistinct curved red-brown subterminal line ; a terminal series of black striz defined on inner side by whitish. Hind wing glossy white. Underside of fore wing and costal area of hind wing tinged with rufous. Ab. 1. Head, thorax, abdomen, and fore wing paler and less strongly tinged with rufous, the last without markings except | on termen. Ab. 2. Fore wing with oblique dark brown shade from apex to below end of cell, then erect to inner margin. Hab. Punsas, Cawnpore (Betton), 19, Moghal Sarai( Betton), 1°; Benoa, Behar, Pusa 1 9 ; Up. Burma, Kinyua (Bing- ham), 5 Q type. Hap. 26-34mm. * The larva forms a “cage gall” on maize. Pyralide of the Subfamily Crambine. 545 (12) Diatrea diaperalis, sp. n. @. Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreous tinged with red-brown ; palpi darker brown. Fore wing ochreous tinged and slightly irrorated with red-brown ; an oblique brown shade from apex to. vein 3, diffused to termen; a faint curved pale subterminal line slightly defined on each side by red-brown; a terminal series of black points. Hind wing ochreous white slightly tinged with red- brown ; a faint curved red-brown subterminal line. Underside of fore wing suffused with red-brown, the terminal area more ochreous ; hind wing with the costal area tinged with red-brown. Hab. Buutkn (Dudgeon), 1 Q type. Hap. 30 mm. (14) Diatrea lowisiadalis, sp. n. 3. Head, thorax, and abdomen reddish ochreous mixed with some white ; palpi irrorated with brown. Fore wing ochreous white suffused and irrorated with pale reddish brown tending to form streaks in the interspaces which are more distinct in and beyond the end of cell and on costal and terminal areas ; an indistinct brownish medial spot in submedian fold and a minute black spot at lower angle of cell; a terminal series of minute blackish points. Hind wing white tinged with ochreous; a terminal series of slight blackish points to vein 2. Underside of fore wing and the costal area of hind wing suffused with reddish brown, the former with the costal edge dark brown to beyond middle. Hab. LovistavE Is., St. Aignan (Meek), 16 type. Exp. 22 mm. (15) Diatrea lunilinealis, sp. n. do. Head and thorax ochreous suffused with rufous, abdomen creamy white with some fulvous yellow on dorsum of 2nd segment. Fore wing ochreous white suffused with rufous; an indistinct waved brown antemedial line from cell to inner margin; a black discoidal point ; a rather lunulate brown postmedial line, exeurved from costa to beyond lower angle of cell, then incurved to middle of inner margin; subterminal line formed by brown lunules, indistinct and excurved to discal fold, then obliquely curved to inner margin beyond middle and with traces ‘of another lunulate line beyond it before termen ; cilia rufous. Hind wing white with an ochreous tinge. Underside of fore wing and costal area of hind wing ochreous tinged with rufous. Hab. Ceyion, Nawalapitiya (Pole), 1 3 type. Exp. 22 mm. (16) Diatrea ignefusalis, sp. n. Q. Head, thorax, and abdomen suffused with fiery rufous. Fore wing ochreous suffused with fiery rufous, the veins with whitish streaks, the interspaces beyond the cell with deeper rufous streaks, the costal edge white; the medial area with two slight 546 Sir G. F. Hampson on new brown spots below the cell and two on vein 1, the latter with very oblique rufous striz from them to inner margin; a minute brown discoidal spot; an indistinct obliquely curved annulate brownish postmedial line; a slight brown terminal line; cilia with a dark brown line near base and white tips. Hind wing silvery white. Underside of fore wing and costal area of hind wing tinged with rufous. Hab. N. Ntaerta, Borgu, Yelwa Lake (Migeod), 3 2 type; Sumatra, Soekar,1 9. Hap. 24-30 mm. (17) Diatrea lentistrialis, sp. n. od. Head white with a brownish ochreous streak on frons, the palpi suffused with ochreous brown except above; thorax white suffused with ochreous brown; abdomen white with some fulvous yellow on base of dorsum. Fore wing creamy white irrorated with reddish brown, the veins and the interspaces beyond the cell with fine reddish brown streaks; a black discoidal point; an obliqne reddish brown line from lower angle of cell to inner margin before middle ; postmedial line reddish brown, indistinct and excurved to discal fold, then very oblique ; a brown terminal line with series of prominent black points on it; a brown line near base of cilia. Hind wing creamy white. Underside of fore wing suffused with red-brown, the interspaces of terminal area with white streaks ; hind wing with the costal half tinged with red-brown. Hab. ArGENnTINA, Gran Chaco, Florenzia (Wagner), 1 3 type. Exp. 16 mm. (18) Diatrea albivenalis, sp. n. Head, thorax, and abdomen white, the sides of head and the thorax suffused with rufous, the abdomen with the two basal segments dorsally fulvous yellow; antennz, palpiat sides, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen suffused with rufous. Fore wing white suffused and irrorated with rufous leaving the veins white, the terminal half of cell and the inner area to beyond middle whiter ; a fine black terminal line; cilia fulvous yellow at base, with black line near base and some dark scales at tips. Hind wing glossy white. Underside of fore wing and costal area of hind wing tinged with rufous. Hab. Gamera, Bathurst (Sir G. Carter), 1 type; N. Nrq@erta, Minna (Macfie), 1 9. Exp. 5 14, 2 18 mm. (19) Diatrea metaphealis, sp. n. g. Head and thorax whitish mixed with brown especially the sides of head and tegule and the patagia ; abdomen whitish suffused with brown ; pectus and legs suffused with brown. Fore wing whitish strongly suffused and irrorated with brown leaving the vein white ; Pyralidex of the Subfamily Crambinee. 547 a fine black terminal line ; cilia white with black line at middle and some brown at tips. Hind wing greyish suffused with brown; a fine dark terminal line; cilia white with a brownish line near base. Underside strongly suffused with brown. Hab. Transvaat, Bultfontein (Janse), 2 3 type. Kp. 16 mm. (21) Diatrea subterminalis, sp. n. @. Head and thorax white slightly mixed with ochreous ; abdomen white tinged with ochreous brown; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white tinged with ochreous. Fore wing creamy white slightly tinged with rufous, the terminal area more suffused with rufous; a slight black discoidal point; a fine red-brown subterminal line, bent inwards to costa; a terminal series of black points, more prominent towards tornus. Hind wing creamy white tinged with ochreous. Underside of fore wing and costal area of hind wing tinged with rufous. fab. Uaanpds, Gondokoro (Reymes-Cole), 1 Q type. Exp. 20 mm. (22) Diatrea ochrileucalis, sp. n. @. Head and thorax pale reddish ochreous; abdomen white tinged with reddish ochreous ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen pale reddish ochreous. Fore wing pale reddish ochreous ; a minute black point at lower angle of cell; a terminal series of prominent black points ; cilia with a slight brownish line near base. Hind wing glossy white. Underside of fore wing and costal area of hind wing tinged with reddish ochreous. Hab. QUEENSLAND, Cooktown, Cedar Bay (Meek), 1 @ type. Exp. 26 mm. (23) Diatrea rufistrigalis, sp. n. Q. Head and thorax white slightly mixed with rufous; abdomen white with some fulvous yellow at base of dorsum; antenne dark brown, the shaft white above ; palpi dark brown above ; tarsi tinged with brown. Fore wing silvery white striated with rufous ; the terminal area with diffused orange-yellow streaks on the veins and traces of a yellow subterminal line; a fine black terminal line; cilia with a black line at middle and some dark brown at tips. Hind wing silvery white with a fine blackish terminal line to vein 2, Underside slightly tinged with red-brown except on inner area of hind wing; the fore wing with slight brownish discoidal spot and faint curved postmedial line. Hab. Br. C. Arrica, Mt. Mlanje (Weave), 2 2 type. Eup. 20 mm. [To be continued. ] 548 On a new Dyscophid Frog from Yunnan. LVII.—-Description of a new Dyscophid Frog from Yunnan. By G. A. Boutenenrr, F.R.S. (Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) Tue family Dyscophide, with Madagascar as its head- quarters, was known to be scantily represented in Burma and Siam (Cadlluella, Stol.), and Borneo (Colpoglossus, Blgr., Calliglutus, Barbour & Noble). Yunnan may now be added to the range of its distribution in Asia. Calluella yunnanensis, sp. n. Habit rather stout, similar to Microhyla rubra, Jerd. Head much broader than long ; snout rounded, not project- ing beyond the mouth, as long as the eye; canthus rostralis feeble ; loreal region very oblique; nostril equally distant from the eye and from the tip of the snout ; interorbital space as broad as the upper eyelid. Pupil round. Fingers with obtuse tips, first shorter than second, half as long as third ; subarticular tubercles moderately large, feebly pro- minent ; three carpal tubercles, median smallest. ‘The tibio-tarsal articulation reaches the shoulder or the temple ; heels feebly overlapping when the limbs are folded at right angles to the body; tibia shorter than the foot, 24 to 24 times in length from snout to vent; toes moderately long, with slightly swollen tips, the web reaching the tips, but deeply emarginate ; subarticular tubercles moderately large, feebly prominent ; two metatarsal tubercles, inner oval, somewhat compressed and very prominent, ? the length of the inner toe, outer smaller, round and flat. Skin smooth, except for some feebly raised glandular ridges which corre- spond with the outlines of the markings. Pale greyish or pinkish brown above, with a symmetrical vase-shaped brown marking, edged with darker and lighter, from between the eyes to the sacral region; a dark lateral band from the eye to the groin, bordered above by a series of more or less con- fluent black spots, which extends forwards to the canthus rostralis ; limbs with dark cross-bars, one or two on the tibia ; lower parts white, mottled with brown, especially on the throat. From snout to vent 29 mm. Two specimens from Yunnan Fou, from the collection of Mr. J. Graham. On a new Variety of Acauthodactylus boskianus. 549 LVIII.—On a new Variety of Acanthodactylus boskianus, Daud., from the Euphrates. By G. A. Boutencer, F.R.S. (Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) I am indebted to my son, Capt. C. L. Boulenger, for examples of a lizard, referable to Acanthodactylus boskianus, caught by himself and Capt. Harrison at Ramadieh on the Euphrates front in 1918, that are of special interest not only as extending the known range of a widely distributed species (Syria, Arabia, North Africa, and the Soudan), but as differ- ing from all other specimens, of which I have examined about two hundred, by a character to which a great importance was formerly attached in distinguishing the species of Acanthodactylus and Evemias: in 7 out of the 8 specimens collected, the subocular borders the mouth instead of its lower edge forming an angle wedged in between the fourth and fifth or fifth and sixth upper labials ; otherwise they agree with the typical form, the Lacerta boskiana of Daudin, in the number of scales (38 to 43 across middle of body, 14 or 16 between hind limbs) and of femoral pores (23 to 27 on each side *). The scales round the base of the tail are more numerous (23 to 27 in the fourth or fifth whorl, instead of 18 to 22). The first supraocular shield is divided into 2 or 3 parts, and in four of the specimens there is an agygos shield between the prefrontals. There is nothing special to note concerning the coloration, except the absence of a light vertebral streak ; the young has 4 white streaks on the upper surface of the body, 6 on the nape, and one on each side, separated by broader black streaks, each of which may bear a series of round white spots. The largest male measures 81 mm. from snout to vent, the largest female 80. The condition of the subocular shield points to this form, which I propose to call var. euphraticus, being the nearest to the hypothetical primitive Acanthodactylus, according to the views expressed by me in recent papers dealing with the evolution of the Lacertide. The three forms into which A. boskianus may be divided, although not sharply definable, constitute a highly suggestive gradational series :— 1. Var. euphraticus (Euphrates). Subocular usually bor- dering the mouth; 38 to 43 scales across middle of body, * In one of the males there are 2-3 additional pores, forming a second series behind the other at the distal end of the thigh. Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. iii. 36 550 Mr. R. E. Turner on the 14 to 16 between the hind limbs ; 23 to 27 femoral pores on each side. 2. Forma typica (N. Egypt). Subocular not bordering - the mouth; 34 to 52 (usually 38 to 43) scales across middle of body, 10 to 16 between the hind limbs; 21 to 81 (usually 22 to 28) femoral pores on each side. 3. Var. asper (Palestine, Arabia, Saharan region’ and Soudan). Subocular not bordering the mouth, 23 to 38 (usually 25 to 85) scales across middle of body, 8 to 14 between the hind limbs; 15 to 27 (usually 17 to 24) femoral pores on each side. LIX.—Notes on the Ichneumonidee in the British Museum.—I. By Rowxanp E. 'TurNeER, F.Z.5., ES. Subfamily Prurrivz. Tribe PIMPLINI. Certonotus tasmaniensis, sp. 0. @. Brunneo-ferruginea ; mandibulis nigris, antennis 40-articulatis, articulis 29-88 pallide flavis ; clypeo, labro, facie lateribus late, orbitis, mesonoto macula utrinque antice maculaque magna quadrata post medium, tegulis basi, mesopleuris fascia sub tegulis macula antice, fascia angusta margine postico, maculaque angulis inferioribus posticis, scutello apice lateribusque, postscutello lateribus, segmento mediano apice late, tergitis 1-6 fascia angusta apicali, coxis apice, trochanteribus, femoribus apice, tibiis apice, tibiis posticis basi anguste, tarsisque anticis flavis; tarsis inter- mediis posticisque tibiisque posticis in medio nigris; alis sub- hyalinis, iridescentibus, venis fuscis ; terebra valvulisque nigris. Long. 17 mm. ; terebre long. 17 mm.; antennarum long 12 mm. @. Clypeus very short, transverse ; eyes separated from the base of the mandibles by a distance scarcely equal to half the length of the scape. Face finely and shallowly punc- tured, with a few delicate transverse striz below the base of the antenne and a groove along tlie inner margin of the eyes ; front microscopically punctured ; vertex smooth and shining. Pronotum not produced at the angles; mesonotum irregularly and coarsely transversely striated, with a well-marked longi- tudinal lateral groove on each side; scutellum finely pune- tured ; mesopleure shining, finely and sparsely punctured, smooth in the middle. Median segment smooth and shining, Ichneumontde in the British Museum, 551 without a basal area, with a broad upper area on eaclhi side ; spiracle large and elongate, the carinss enclosing the lower and posterior areas not very strongly defined. Abdomen smooth and shining, the emargination of the seventh tergite deep and triangular. Hind tibize without any trace of a fovea, but with a very minute spine. Areolet triangular ; second recurrent nervure sharply bent inwards in the middle, forming asharp angle. Nervellus geniculate and intercepted above the middle. Hab. Fern Tree, Mt. Wellington, S. Tasmania, 1300 ft. ; January 1913 (Turner). 1 2. The antenne are much shorter proportionately than in other species of the genus; the areas of the median segment closely resemble those of C. similis, Krieg., as shown im his figure ; it also resembles that species in the unarmed angles of the pronotum. In colour this closely resembles C. n7- tidulus, Morl., and may possibly prove to be identical, but Morley gives no clue to the locality of the species, and his type is not in the British Museum; the length given for his species is, however, only 11 mm., and he states that there is a series of fovee on the hind tibie, not a minute spine as in the present species. The spine is, however, so minute that it might easily be overlooked, but the statement as to fovee could not correctly be applied to the present species. I have been unable to detect the spine on the hind tibize of C. annu- latus, Morl., and C. apicalis, Mor]., though in Morley’s table it is said to be present in these species. Certonotus hinnuleus, Krieg. Certonotus hinnuleus, Krieg. Zeitschr. Hym, Dipt. i. p. 123 (1901). Q. I took a female of this species at Kuranda, N. Queensland, in May 1913; it answers almost exactly to the description. The specimen assigned by Morley to this species with some doubt (Rev. Ichneum. ii. p. 32, 1913) is utterly distinct. Certonotus leeuwinensis, sp. 0. 3. Niger; orbitis late, genis, facie fascia longitudinali nigra, pro- noto lateribus, propleuris fascia supra coxas, tegulis, scutello fascia apicali, postscutello macula, segmento mediano macula minuta apicali, tergitis 1-6 fascia angusta apicali lateribusque, tergito septimo apice trimaculato, trochanteribus anticis inter- mediisque, femoribus anticis intermediisque apice, tibiis anticis subtus, caleariisque albido-flavis ; antennis 33-articulatis, arti- culis 23-31 albidis ; mesonoto, lateribus nigris, propleuris, meso- pleuris, segmento mediano lateribus, coxis posticis, femoribusque 3ab%* 552 Mr. R. EB. Turner on the rufo-ferrugineis; tarsis anticis testaceis; alis hyalinis, leviter infuscatis, iridescentibus, venis fuscis. @. Mari simillima; scutello in medio, segmento mediano apice, pronotoque lateribus rufo-ferrugineis, Long., ¢, 8 mm.; antennarum long. 55 mm.; @, 85 mm.; terebre long. 9 mm, 6. Clypeus very short ; face closely and minutely punc- tured; front and vertex smooth and shining ; eyes separated from the base of the mandibles by a distance nearly equal to the Jength of the third joint of the antenne. Hind angles of the pronotum scarcely prominent; mesonotum coarsely transversely striated in front, more obscurely posteriorly, the median lobe with a shallow longitudinal median groove ; pleur closely and finely punctured. The small basal area of the median segment is much broader than long, with a much larger area broadened from the base beyond it and two large lateral areas on each side, the apical median area being rather indistinctly divided from the apical lateral areas, the whole segment minutely punctured. Abdomen slender, smooth and shining. Hind tibizee with a minute spine at about one-third from the apex. Nervulus almost interstitial ; nervellus straight, without an intercepting vein. Hab. Yallingup, 8.W. aa October (Turner); 1 3, 1 ¢. Swan River (Yu Boulay) ; 1 Q in very bad condition. The male is the type. This is allied to C. hinnuleus, Krieg., but the colour is very different and the angles of the pronotum are much less prominent and the mesonotum longer and narrower. The group is well distinguished from others of the genus by the neuration of the hind wing. Tribe LISSONOTINI. Phytodietus celsissimus, sp. n. ©. Nigra; antennis fusco-ferrugineis, articulis 10 basalibus nigris ; pedibus anticis intermediisque rufo-testaceis, coxis flavis ; man- dibulis, apice excepto, clypeo, facie in medio latissime, macula parva utrinque oculos yix attingente, orbitis internis prope ocellos, mesonoto macula parva post medium, tegulis, mesopleuris macula parva sub alis, scutello antice lateribusque nigro-sinuato, postscutello in medio, metapleuris macula elongata, segmento mediano fascia transversa apicali in medio interrupta, coxis posticis macula basali, trochanteribus posticis, femoribus posticis basi atque apice angustissime, tibiisque posticis basi anguste flavis; segmentis abdominalibus 1-7 fascia angusta apicali albido-flava ; alis subhyalinis, iridescentibus, stigmate venisque fuscis. Long. 8 mm.; terebre long. 3 mm.; antennarum long. 8 mm. Ichneumonide tn the British Museum. iH ?. Antenne 39-jointed, the third joint half as long again as the fourth. Clypeus and face very finely and closely punctured, the upper part of the face with a deep longitudinal groove on each side near the inner orbits. Front, vertex, and thorax subopaque, smooth; the parapsidal furrows distinct anteriorly ; median segment only half as long as the mesonotum, without carine, the spiracles small and round. Abdomen smooth and shining, the apical segments minutely punctured on the sides; first tergite about half as long again as ils apical breadth, longer than the second segment, second tergite narrowed to the base. Hypopygium not reaching the apex of the abdomen. Valvulee reddish brown at the extreme apex. Areolet triangular, very shortly petiolate ; the inner side of the areolet straight, forming a right angle with the cubitus ; the recurrent nervure received close to the apex of the areolet. Nervulus interstitial ; nervellus intercepted far below the middle. Tarsal ungues pectinate, Hab, Mt. Wellington, 8S. Tasmania, 2300 ft., March 25, L913) (Lurner); 1 2. _ The second tergite is longer and more narrowed to the base than in P. corypheus, Gray., and other Palearctic species, the first tergite is also much more slender; otherwise the species does not differ in any important structural point. In these points it comes very near to P. astutus, Grav., which appears to be its nearest ally. Tribe XORIDINI. Xylonomus crudelis, sp. n. Q. Nigra; facie, antennis articulis 11-18, orbitis late ocellum anteriorem non superantibus, vertice macula magna orbitali utrinque, propleuris postice latissime, mesopleuris postice late, scutello macula magna quadrata, postscutello macula transversa, segmento mediano macula triangulari utrinque angulis basalibus, segmento abdominali primo basi, segmentis 1-7 fascia apicali, coxis anticis intermediisque supra, tarsisque posticis, articulo apicali excepto, albidis; terebra pedibusque testaceis, posticis trochanteribus, tibiis apice, tarsisque articulo apicali nigris; alis hyalinis, iridescentibus, venis fuscis, stigmate basi albomaculato, Long. 7 mm.; terebre long. 4 mm, @. Clypeus very short, finely punctured ; face smooth and shining. Antenne 24-jointed, joints 3-6 subequal, the five apical joints inserted at a sharp angle to the preceding joints. Eyes parallel on the inner margin ; head smooth and shining, cubical and not narrowed behind the eyes. Mandibles short, simple at the apex, not bidentate, eyes separated from 554 : Mr. R. E. Turner on the the base of the mandibles by a distance distinctly greater than the basal breadth of the mandibles. Pronotum produced into a distinct acute spine on each side ; mesonotum shining, sparsely punctured, notauli deep and crenulate. Median segment with an elongate and rather narrow median area, which is bordered by a transverse carina a little before one- third from the apex of the segment, the basal portion of the area narrowed from the base and strongly contracted at about one-third from the base, the apical portion (or areola) elongate- ovate, truncate at the apex, petiolar area broader than long, lateral carinze well marked; spiracles small and rounded ; sides of the segment rugose, produced into a short spine on each side at the apical angles. Abdomen opaque, the dorsal surface very finely and closely punctured-granulate ; the first seement petiolate at the base, about three times as long as its apical breadth; second and third tergites with an oblique sulcus on each side from the base to the middle of the lateral margin, and also with an indistinct curved depressed line on each side from the middle of the base to the middle of the lateral margin. Nervulus slightly prefureal; second re- current nervure strongly curved outwards and joining the cubitus distinctly beyond the transverse cubital nervure ; nervellus elbowed and intercepted close to the middle. Hab. Kuranda, N. Queensland, May 3-June 20, 1913 (Torner)i 12. Closely allied to X. abaddon, Morley, from Assam, but differs in the colour, especially in the broad interruption of the white of the outer orbits and the apically black median segment, in the narrower first abdominal segment, and in the much less strongly impressed second and third tergites. Subfamily Oparonrx. Tribe ANOMALINI. Exochilum perniciosum, sp. n. ?. Ferruginea; capite, antennis, prothorace, mesonoto, mesosterno, scutello basi, tibiis posticis dimidio apicali metatarsisque posticis dimidio basali nigris; mandibulis, apice ferrugineis, palpis, facie, orbitis internis infra, orbitis externis linea angusta in parte superiore, vertice macula orbitali utrinque, coxisque anticis flavis ; pedibus anticis intermediisque tarsisque posticis, basi excepta, flavo-ochraceis ; alis subhyalinis, iridescentibus, venis fuscis. Long. 14 mm.; antennarum long. 9 mm. ?. Clypeus and front rather strongly punctured; clypeus subtruncate at the apex; the face with a shallow longitudinal Ichneumonide in the British Museum. 55D groove on each side; mandibles bidentate at the apex. Third joint of the antennze twice as long as the fourth; front rather coarsely rugose, vertex closely punctured. Eyes con- vergent towards the clypeus, very narrowly separated from the base of the mandibles. Mesonotum very closely rugosely punctured ; propleuree and mesopleure closely punctured, the latter rather coarsely reticulate above. Median segment coarsely reticulate, longitudinally depressed in the middle, with lateral marginal carinze. Abdomen very slender, com- pressed laterally from the middle of the second segment ; first segment very long, the second shorter than the first but nearly twice as loug as the third. Basal joint of the hind tarsus a little more than twice as long as the second joint. Second recurrent nervure not interstitial with the transverse cubitus nervure ; the external cubital nervure not in a line with the internal ; nervulus distinctly postfurcal ; nervellus intercepted close to the middle. Hab. Yallingup, 8.W. Australia, October (Turner) ; 2a 29 Allied in neuration to EL. scaposum, Morley, from Queens- land, but differs in the black scape, in the somewhat shorter antennee, and in the ferruginous colour of the median segment and mesopleure. In both species the brachial cell is as long as the discoidal. The only other Australian species known to me in which the neuration is similar is £. atrichiosoma, Morley, which is closely allied. The hind metatarsi in the present species are shorter than in scaposum or atrichiosoma. I do not understand why Morley separates these two species so widely in his table; his statement that the “submarginal nervure is opposite or scutellum pale” in atrichiosoma is not accurate. In the other Australian species described by Morley under Evochilum the discoidal cell is longer than the first brachial, and in E. australasie, Morley, the second recurrent nervure is interstitial with the transverse cubital nervure, and the external and internal cubital nervures also continuous, thus contradicting the statement in Morley’s table “‘submarginal nervure antefurcal.” I have no doubt that. L. australasie has been placed in the wrong genus ; it answers well to the characters of Habronyx, Forst. Habronyx australasie, Morley. Exochilum australasie, Morl, Revis. Ichneumon, ii. p. 75 (1913), Cnr (ody | (or) Mr. R. EK. Turner on the Trichomma elegantula, sp. n. dg. Niger; mandibulis, apice excepto, clypeo, facie, orbitis late, scapo subtus, linea ante alas, macula parva infra alas, tegulis, scutello, coxis, trochanteribusque, posticis supra ferrugineis, tlavis; pedibus anticis intermediisque, tibiis posticis prope basin late, tarsisque posticis articulis tribus basalibus flavo-ochraceis ; abdo- mine lateribus, segmento primo apice, femoribus posticis, tibiisque posticis basi extrema ferrugineis; alis hyalinis, venis fuscis, stigmate pallide testaceo. Long. 8 mm. 3g. Clypeus not distinctly divided from the face; eyes strongly convergent towards the clypeus; face slightly con- vex, almost smooth, orbits smooth and shining ; eyes almost touching the base of the mandibles. Antennz about 30- jointed, 5 mm. in length; front finely obliquely rugulose ; vertex smooth and shining; eyes as far from the posterior margin of the head as from the posterior ocelli. Mesonotum very closely and rather finely punctured, without notauli; mesopleure delicately longitudinally striate ; scutellum smooth and shining. Median segment coarsely rugose-reticulate, with a shallow longitudinal groove from near the base to the apex, an obscure longitudinal carina on each side laterally, the sides of the segment coarsely reticulate. Abdomen long and very slender; first segment slightly swollen at the apex, searcely as long as the second, which is linear, the segments from the third onward strongly compressed laterally. Hind femora slender at the base, reaching their greatest thickness at about two-thirds from the base. Subdiscoideus originating just above the middle of the apical margin of the first brachial cell; nervulus very slightly postfureal; nervellus straight, without an intercepting nervure. Hab. Kuranda, N. Queensland, May—June 1913 (Turner) ; 236. This is much smaller than the New Guinea species 7. cla- vipes, Krieg., and differs in details of colouring, especially in the face and hind tarsi, but in sculpture and neuration there seems to be little difference. I have not seen 7’. clavipes. Tribe CAMPOPLEGINI. Nothanomalon meridionalis, sp. n. ©. Nigra; palpis pedibusque anticis intermediisque ochraceis, coxis nigris; segmentis abdominalibus primo apice, secundo subtus lateribusque, tertio, quarto quintoque omnino, sexto Ichneumonidee in the British Museum. 557 subtus, terebra pedibusque posticis, coxis exceptis, brunneo- ferrugineis ; valvulis ochraceis, apice nigris; alis hyalinis, stig- mate venisque nigris; scapo subtus ferrugineo. Long. 17-19 mm. ; antennarum long. 10 mm. do. Femine simillimus, alis leviter infuscatis. ?. Clypeus, face, and front finely punctured-rugose ; vertex opaque, microscopically punctured. Hyes narrowly separated from the base of the mandibles ; very little further from each other on the vertex than on the clypeus, widely subemarginate on the inner margins. Antenne 54-jointed, the third joint distinctly longer than the fourth. Mesonotum very closely and not strongly punctured; notauli shallow, only developed anteriorly ; mesopleure closely punctured, with a few stris posteriorly above, the hind margin above smooth and shining; scutellum finely punctured, broadly rounded at the apex. Median segment very long, produced posteriorly as far as the apex of the hind coxe, rugulose, sparsely covered with white pubescence, deeply longitudinally depressed in the middle ; spiracles small and elliptic. Abdo- men elongate, laterally compressed; the first segment swollen at the apex and distinctly shorter than the second. Areolet petiolate ; second recurrent nervure strongly bent inwards in the middle; nervulus very slightly postfurcal ; nervellus straight, not intercepted, Hab. Eaglehawk Neck, S.E. Tasmania, February 1913 (Turner); 13,1 2. Mt. Wellington, Tasmania, 2300 ft., April 2-6, 1913 (Turner); 2 2 2. This genus was founded by Szépligeti for a New Guinea species. It is remarkable that I did not take any species of the genus in North Queensland. Subfamily Crrerrvz. Tribe CRYPTINI. Mansa volatilis, Sm. Cryptus volatilis, Sm. Journ, Proe. Linn. Soc., Zool. vii. p. 7 (1863). 9. Subsp. fumipennis, nov. ?. Differs from the typical Austro-Malayan form in the colour of the wings, the fore wings being crossed by a broad pale fuscous cloud from the stigma to the anal angle, occupying the whole of the second discoidal and second brachial cells. The stigma is margined with black, not wholly fulvous as in volatilis, 3 Hab, Kuranda, N, Queensland, February 1902 (Turner) ; . e 558 On the Ichneumonidse in the British Museum. The name Colganta, Cam., must sink as a synonym of Mansa, as pointed out by Morley. Cryptus exul, sp. n. @. Nigra; antennis 32-articulatis, basi rufo-testaceis; articulis 6-10 albido-flavidulis ; articulis apicalibus nigris ; mandibulis in medio, elypeo, orbitis, segmentis abdominalibus quinto sequenti- busque, aliquando quarto etiam, femoribus, tibiis tarsisque rufo- ferrugineis ; tarsis posticis articulis secundo tertio quartoque ‘ flavescentibus; stigmate basi tegulisque albo-flavidulis; alis hyalinis leviter infumatis, venis fuscis. ¢. Femine similis; antennis nigris, scapo flavo-testaceo; seg- mento abdominali quarto aut toto aut dimidio apicali rufo- ferrugineo. Long., 2, 9 mm., terebre long. 3mm.; ¢, 8 mm. 9. Antenne filiform, the apical joint strongly excavated beneath; third and fourth joints about equal in length. Clypeus truncate at the apex ; mandible short, ending in two equal teeth. Face closely and finely punctured ; front and vertex opaque, finely shagreened. Mesonotum deflexed anteriorly, finely shagreened ; the parapsidal furrows distinet, but very shallow ; pleure finely granulate. Median segment with two transverse carine, both somewhat arched in the middle, the basal portion of the dorsal surface before the first carina subopaque and almost smooth; the apical and smaller portion between the two carine finely longitudinally striate- rugulose ; the posterior angles produced into a stout, rounded, Jamelliform spine on each side ; spiracles small and round ; the apical slope finely granulate. Abdomen smooth and shining ; second tergite as long as its apical breadth ; valvuls broad and flattened. Areolet rather large, the transverse cubital nervures parallel, the cubital margin slightly bent in the middle at the point of reception of the recurrent nervure. Outer angle of the discoidal cell blunt; nervulus interstitial ; nervellus intercepted far below the middle. g. Apical antennal joint not excavated beneath; spines at the apical angles of the median segment absent ; first tergite long and slender, second nearly twice as long as its apical breadth. Hab. Mt. Wellington, S. Tasmania, 2300 ft., March 12- April 65:1913 (Turner); 9 9 9,10 S di This is not a typical Oryptus, differing in the small round spiracles of the median segment and the parallel-sided areolet. The lamelliform spine at the apical angles of the median segment is a sexual character in this species. ee a On Two new Gerbils from Sinat. 559 LX.— Two new Gerbils from Sinai. By OLDFIELD THOMAS. (Published by permission of the ‘Trustees of the British Museum.) I owe to the kindness of the authorities of the Egyptian Zoological Service at Giza the opportunity of examining a number of small mammals from Egypt and Sinai, and among these there are examples of the two following new species of Gerbillus :— Gerbillus flower?, sp. n. A large species, with comparatively broad skull and large bulle. Size of the type, which is old, about as in average specimens of G. pyramidum, not so large as the largest examples of that: rather variable species. General colour the usual pale “ verbil-colour,” the back finely speckled with the minute brown tips to the dorsal hairs; white under surface extending high up on shoulders, and including the whole of the limbs. Soles completely hairy, except just under the heel. Usual postorbital and postauricular white patches distinct. Tail buffy above, white on sides and below; tip missing in type. Skull proportionally broad, as broad as in a considerably longer skull of G. pyramidum. Palatal foramina well open, extending back to the level of the front of the roots of m’. Bulle larger than in any of the Egyptian or Syrian species, longer but less broadly swollen than in the peculiar G. val- linus of S.W. Africa. Dimensions of the type (measured on skin) :— Head and body 127 mm. ; tail (?) ; hind foot 35. Skull: greatest length 34; condylo-incisive length 30 ; greatest breadth 19; nasals 13°6 x 3°3; interorbital breadth 6°7; breadth of brain-case 16; bi-meatal breadth 18-2; palatine foramina 6°5 ; bulla, diagonal length 11-8, breadth at right angles to last (exclusive of meatus) 6°8 ; upper tooth-row (considerably worn) 4°5. Hab. (of type). Wadi Hareidin, extreme northern Sinai, a a few miles south of El Arish, about 31° N., 34° E. Type. Old male. B.M. no. 19.5. 7.4. Giza Museum no. 8042, Collected 24th December, 1918, by Capt. S. 8S. Flower, and presented by the Giza. Zoological Service. One specimen, 569 On Two new Gerbils from Sinai. This gerbil is probably most nearly related to the large Egyptian species G. pyramidum, but_is distinguished by its broader skull and larger bulle. It is decidedly larger than the Tripoli G. tarabult. Named in honour of its discoverer, the well-known Director of the Giza Zoological Museum. Gerbillus bonhotei, sp. ne Near G. andersonz, but with larger bulle. Size and other essential characters as in andersoni, but, as compared with specimens from the Nile delta, the coloration throughout of the more bright “ gerbil-colour”’ type, the dorsal colour clear light buffy, less brown, and the white, whether of ear-spots, belly, or feet, more vividly white and more extended in area. Soles well covered with hair except on a small spot under the heel. Upper surface of tail buffy. Skull very much as in andersoni, but the bulle decidedly and uniformly larger. : Dimensions of the type :— Head and body 97 mm. ; tail 123; hind foot 27; ear 16. Skull: greatest length 29°8; condylo-incisive length 26 ; zygomatic breadth 16°6 ; nasals 11:1; interorbital breadth 6 ; breadth of brain-case 14°4; palatal foramina 5:1; bulle (measured as in the previous species) 11°1X63 5 upper molar series 4. Hab, Northern Sinai. Type from Khabra Abu Guzour, S.E. of El Arish. One specimen from Wadi Hareidin. Type. Adu't female. B.M. no. 19.5. 7.5. Original number 887 (8046 of Giza Museum). Collected 25th De- cember, 1918, by Capt. 8. 8. Flower, and presented by the Giza Zoological Service. Four specimens in all. This species is evidently the representative from a more strongly desert area of the G@. andersoni of Lower Egypt, and is readily distinguishable by its larger bullee. In its brightness of coloration it differs from typical andersonz, but is imitated by specimens from the Wadi Natron, which are also brighter than those from the dark soil of the delta. All the Egyptian specimens, however, have the same comparatively small bullae. It is named after Mr. J. L. Bonhote, Capt. Flower’s colleague at Giza, who has done so much to forward our knowledge of the small mammals of Egypt. 561 INDEX to VOL. III. ABROTHRIX, new species of, 202. Acanthodica, new species of, 167. Achea, new species of, 178. Acontia, new species of, 318, Acontiide, notes on, 314, Adelpherupa, characters of the new genus, 541. ; Agonista, new species of, 169. Akodon, new species of, 116, 204, 213, 496. Amphipoda, remarks on, 376. Andrewes, H. E., on Oriental Cara- bide, 469, Anua, new species of, 173. Ayame, description of the new genus, 477. Arge, new species of, 483. Argyria, new species of, 445, Arrow, G. J., a remarkable new ball-rolling Beetle, 433. Artiodactyla, on some external cha- racters of ruminant, 101. Arunena, characters of the new genus, 317. Ascaris, new species of, 457, Asilidee, notes on, 44. Aves, new, 280, 273. Aynthia, characters of the new genus, 43. Balfour-Browne, F., on Deronectes depressus, Fab., and elegans, Pan- zer, 2938. Batopora, remarks on, 79, Baylis, H. A., on a remarkable Cysticercus from a rare Dolphin, 417; on new Entozoa from birds in Uganda, 457 ; on Entozoa from the Murman coast, 501. Biuterina, new species of, 461, Boulenger, G. A., on the American species of Rana, 408; on the genus Lepidobatrachus, Budgett, 531; on a new Dyscophid frog from Yunnan, 548; on a new variety of Acanthodaetylus boski- anus, 549, Brachyderinz, species of, 1, Bracon, new species of, 231, Brade-Birks, H. K., & Rev. S. G., notes on Myriapoda, 253. Bradley, J. C., on the status of Parabates, Foerster, and Para- batus, Thomson, 319. Bradybamon, characters of the new genus, 9. Bryozoa, remarks on, 79, Buodias, new species of, 235. Calluella, new species of, 548. Campyloneurus, new species of, 429. Carabide, papers on, 469, Ceratina, new species of, 195, 244, Certonotus, new species of, 550. Champion, G. C.,on the Malacoderm genera Prionocerus and Idgia, 326. Chaudhuria, note on, 198. Chilton, C., on the amphipod Or- chestia tucurauna, Fritz Miller, 376. Chionzma, new species of, 165.} Chironomid, on some partheno- genetic, 222, Chubb, C., notes on the family Den- drocolaptidx, 273. Cicadidz, new genus and species of, 43 new genera and Cockerell, T. D. A., descriptions and records of bees, 118, 191, 240. Ccelioxys, new species of, 196, Coleoptera, notes on, 298, 325. Conaspidia, new species of, 484, Conepatus, new species of, 490. Coniesta, characters of the new genus, 540, Conocrambus, description of the new genus, 443, 562 Corynoneura, new species of, 226. Cosmophila, new species of, 311. Crambus, new species of, 279, 437. Cremnops, new species of, 431. Crocisa, new species of, 191, 240, Crustacea, notes on, 125. Cryptus, new species of, 558. Ctenomys, new species of, 117, 210, 498. Culladia, new species of, 276. Cyanopterus, new species of, 280. Cychrotonus, new species of, 20. Cyrén, O., & Lantz, L. A., on La- certa praticola, Eversin., 28. Cysticercus, notes on, 417. Davainea, new species of, 462. Delacampius, new species of, 220. Depalpata, characters. of the new genus, 488, Deronectes, notes on, 293. Dianthidium, new species of, 194. Diatraea, new species of, 543. Dindymellus, characters of the new genus, 221, Diptera, new, 222. Diptychophora, new species of, 444. Distant, W. L., on a new genus and species of Cicadidze, 43; on new species of Pyrrhocoride, 218; on Ethiopian Heteroptera, 466. Ditomyia, remarks on the larvee of, 33. Dysmorodrepanis, new species of, 251. Edwards, F. W., on some partheno- genetic Chironomide, 222; on the ege-burster of eucephalous fly- larvee, 372. Eirone, new species of, 236. Enmonodia, new species of, 171. Ercheia, new species of, 176. Erupa, new species of, 536. Euagathis, new species of, 432. Eudorina, new species of, 455, 583. Eufernaldia, new species of, 278. Eumorpha, new species of, 480. Euneomys, new species of, 202. Ivania, new species of, 280. Exochilum, new species of, 554. Kisher, W. K., on North Pacific Zoroasteridee, 587. Galea, new species of, 211. Geological Society, proceedings of the, 435. Geoxus, new species of, 208; cha- racters of the new genus, 209. Gerbillus, new species of, 559. INDEX. Gonopteride, notes on, 309. Graomys, new species of, 494. Grieg, J. A., on the age of some Arctic and North-Atlantic star- fishes, 400. Halictus, new species of, 122. Hampson, Sir G. F., on new Pyra- lidze of the subfamilies Crambine and Siginz, 275, 437, 533. Haviland, M. D., and Pitt, F., on the selection of Helix nemoralis by the song-thrush, 525. * Hleliconius, new species of, 217. Heligmoneura, new species of, 74, Helix nemoralis, selection of, by the song-thrush, 525. Henicospilus, new species of, 234. Heterocera, new, 487. Heteroptera, new, 218, 466. Hirst, S., on two new parasitic mites, 524. Homogyna, new species of, 190. Homoptera, new, 43, Hyblea, new species of, 188. Hymenoptera, new, 118, 191, 229, 240, 393, 398, 425, 483; notes on, 3519. Hypanthidium, new species of, 193. Hypiesta, characters of the new genus, 538, Ichneumonide, new, 550. Idgia, notes on, 325. Irenomys, characters of the new genus, 201. Kareya, description of the new genus, 473, : Kaye, W. J., on new South- American butterflies, 215. ' Keilin, D., on. larve &c. of Myce- tobia, Ditomyia, and Symmerus, Os. 45 Lacerta, new species of, 28. Lagidium, new species of, 499. Lagoptera, new species of, 172. Lantz, L. A., & Cyrén, O., on La- certa praticola, Hversm., 28. Leigh-Sharpe, W. H., on Pleuro- cystis cuénoti, Hesse, 256. Lepidoptera, new, 165, 215. Leurops, characters of the new genus, 18. Lithurgus, new species of, 195. Lomasa, description of the new genus, 479. Lycenopsis, new species of, 314. Machimus, new species of, 45. Macrophya, new species of, 485. LNDEX Mammals, new, 32, 101, 115, 199, 213, 268, 489, 515, 559. Mansa, new species of, 486, 537. Marshall, G. A. K., on African genera of wingless Brachyderine, Maurilia, new species of, 317. Megachile, new species of, 196, Melissodes, new species of, 119. Meriones, notes on, 263. Mimaulodes, characters of the new genus, 5, M‘Iutosh, Prof., notes from the Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. An- drews, 125, Mnematium, new species of, 433. Morpho, new species of, 215. Mycetobia, remarks on the larvee of, 33. Myocoptes, new species of, 524, Myriapoda, notes on, 253. Myxoderma, new species of, 392. Neargyria, new species of, 275. Neerupa, description of the new genus, 278. : Neoitamus, new species of, 60. Nomia, new species of, 121. Nothanomalon, new species of, 556, Nyctipao, new species of, 170. Nymphidium, new species of, 215, Odontopus, new species of, 218. Ommatopteryx, new species of, 534, Orchestia, notes on, 376. Parabates, on the status of, 319, Parabatus, on the status of, 319. Paralastor, new species of, 398, Parallelia, new species of, 184. Paratrea, characters of the new genus, 042, Parerupa, characters of genus, 539, Perkins, R. C. L., on a new bird from the Hawaiian Islands, 250, Phyllotis, new species of, 493. Phytodietus, new species of, 233, 552. Pieris, new species of, 216. Pimpla, new species of, 427, Pisces, note on, 198. Vitt, F., and Haviland, M. D., on the selection of Helix nemoralis by the song-thrush, 525, Planetes, new species of, 480. Platymeris, new species of, 468. Pleurocystis cuénoti, observations cn, 256, the new 563 Pocock, R, I., on some external characters of ruminant Artio- dactyla, 101 ; on the classification of the mongooses, 515, Pomphus, characters of the new genus, 7, Prakasha, description of the new genus, 474, Prionocerus, notes on, 325. Pristaulacus, new species of, 425. Proscopus, characters of the new -genus, 13, Protostrophus, characters of the new genus, 14, Prout, L. B., on moths in the Joicey collection, 165. Pseudoblosyrus, characters of the new genus, 2]. Psoroptes, new species of, 524. Ptilothrix, new species of, 119. Ptochostola, new species of, 276. Pyralidz, new, 275, 487, 533. Pysttala, new species of, 466. Quedara, characters of the new genus, 316. Rana, on the American species of, 408. Bete), C. T., note on Chaudhuria, 98. Reptiles, new, 408, 531, 548, 549. Ricardo, G., notes on the Asilidze, 44. Rothschild, Lord, on new Hetero- cera, 487. Scarabeeide, note on, 433. Sceliphron, new species of, 393. Scolia, new name of, 237. Scopula, new species of, 189. Sfitakantha, description of the new genus, 482, Speiredonia, new species of, 171, Sphecodes, new species of, 118, Sphex, new species of, 395. Spilosoma, new species of, 487. Sponges, notes on freshwater, 94, Spongilla, new species of, 95. Starfishes, new, 387; remarks on, 400. Stephens, J., on new African fresh- water sponges, 94, Subulura, new species of, 459. Swinhoe, Col. C., on the geogra- phical distribution of the genus Cosmophila, 809; on new Ly- cenids and Hesperids, 314. Symmerus, remarks on the larvee of, 33. 564 INDEX. Synechops, characters of the new genus, 23. Theronia, new species of, 233. Thomas, A., on the white-toothed shrew of Palestine, 32; on some small mammals from Catamarca, 115; on small mammals from north-western Patagonia, 199; on two new Argentine species of Akodon, 213; on Gerbils referred tu the genus Meriones, 263; on small mammals from north-eastern Rioja, 489; on two new Gerbils from Sinai, 559. Tolnaodes, new species of, 187. Trichomma, new species of, 586. Trigona, new variety of, 241, 242. Turner, R. E., on Hymenoptera col- lected in New Caledonia, 230; notes on Fossorial Hymenoptera, 393 ; new Australian Diplopterous Hymenoptera, 398; on Indo- Chinese Hymenoptera, 425, 483 ; on the Ichneumonide in the British Museum, 550. Waters, A. W., on Batopora and its allies, 79. Xylonomus, new species of, 428, 553. Xynias, new species of, 215. Zoroaster, new species of, 390. 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By Maun D. Havizanp, Hon. Mem. B.0.U., Al PRANOHS PIPE a, 6 Ves os cee ee et ee ae ee me 525 LV. On the Genus Lepidobatrachus, Budgett. By G. A. Bovu- GPNGUR, TLRS oN oS Ga si ies non ee eo ae 5d] LYI. Descriptions of new Pyralide of the Subfamiles Cram- bine and Sigine. By Sir Guorce F. Hampson, Bart., F.Z.8., Ke. .. 533 LVII. Description of a new Dyscophid Frog from Yunnan, By GA. Boviencer: PRS ed. pk Se ee ee cy CEE ate ee 5048 LVIII. On a new Variety of Acanthodactylus boskianus, Daud., from the Euphrates. By G. A. BovLencsrr, F.RS...........-05. 549 LIX. Notes on the /ehnewmonide in the British Museum.—I. By Rowrann E. Turner cba gaok iS... a". coweeeee sca meses 550 LX. Two new Gerbils from Sinai. By Oxprrerp THomas ...... a9 Pride 903. as Sais Be es ie oe pg ae ok ae 561 *.* Itis requested that all Communications for this Work may be addressed, post-paid, to the Care of Messrs. 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