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AU, all to us unlock their secret stores
And pay their cheerful tribute.
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ALERE Q& FLAMMAM.

CONTENTS OF VOL, IV.

[NINTH SERIES.]

NUMBER 19,

I. Papers on Oriental Carabde—lU. By H. KE. ANDREWEs....

II. The Myth of the Ship-holder: a Postscript. By E. W.
GupGeEr, American Museum of Natural History, New York City..

III. Systematic Notes on a few Melolonthine Coleoptera. By
CUBE Ds AR OW cid Ce ater, )te..tk gets o'ecsierdlelaigwiv er vaicig marecn's « As

IV. On a small Collection of Mammals from Lumbo, Mozam-

iquoe. By OLpFInLD THOMAS 4... cc.cne+- ses scr oes sao eros

V. A List of the Freshwater Fishes of Sierra Leone. By G. A.
AS eo AGENCE MOL Io Em ire, S'eia/e: 0% ais ccois\ weal oae © wiaMeaTy Spstera! el her eae 8 as

VI. Notes on the Ichnewmonideé in the British Museum.—L1.
By Rowxanp E. Turner, F.ZS., FLEAS. 0.0.20 0e oe. sisi gies :

VII. Notes on Fossorial Hymenoptera, — XXXVIII. On new
Ethiopian Species. By Rowvanp H. Turner, F.Z.8., FES. ....

Proceedings of the Geological Society... .. 0... ccc cc eee ete ees

Page

1

21

29

co
for)

tk

iv CONTENTS.

NUMBER 20.
aon Page
VIII. Descriptions of New Pyralide of the Subfamilies Cram-

bine and Sigine. By Sir Grorce F, Hampson, Bart., F.Z.8., &e. 53

TX. Notes on Fossorial Hymenoptera.—XXXIX. New Sphecoidea
collected in Palestine by Major E. KE. Austen. By Row1anp E.
PGRN ERs HiZiy5 slic pete eee bees) otis Sia eerie wut eaten Boe

X. Descriptions of new Species and Genera of the Heteropterous
Family Reduviide from British India. By W. L. DistanT ..... met |

XI. On the Discovery of Two Species of Brachycheteumide, a
Minor Group of Millipedes peculiar to the British Isles. By :
RICHARD IS. DAGNATL AME iS. s/. cians steele eke bee AW ra Br ee aS

XII. New Species and Genera of Nymphalide, Syntomide, and
Sphingide in the Joicey Collection. By W. J. Kayx, F.E.S. .... 84

XIII. A new Species of the Nematode Genus Crossocephalus from
the Rhinoceros. By H. A. Bayits, M.A... .. eee eee eae coeeeane 94

XIV. Descriptions and Records of Bees—LXXXVI. By T. D. A.

CocKERELL, University of Colorado ...... ccc reece nese ee eenes 98

NUMBER 21.
XV. Notes on Platypodide and Scolytide collected by Mr. G. E.
Bryant and others. By Lt.-Col. Wiyn Sampson, OB DBSR Amann! 01,

XVI. On acurious Malformation in Tenia saginata. By H. A.
TVA ATS VGA aw ras inn le lellefafe isis = in) foils le= MAU octave crepoletabe ters Glmieleds .. 114

XVII. Indo-Malayan and Australian Noctwide. By Colonel C.
SwinHoE, M.A., F.L.S., &e..... RA an 4B aa aaadecses So4acA 118

XVIII. A new Species of Euneomys from Patagonia. By OLpD-

ATRL LEONA! | fee catecmhe ledate tatcielecsconeraiete| ere! efels (el elaneyaliuaethnfereie jo\ei(e/(01 127.

CONTENTS. Vv

Page

XIX. List of Mammals from the Highlands of Jujuy, North
Argentina, collected by Sr. E. Budin. By OLprieLp THomas.... 128

XX. Two apparently undescribed Species of Cicadide from
Tropical Africa. By W. L. Disvant...,.......... We arag to, otis 4 as) Loo

XXI. Descriptions of New Pyralide of the Subfamilies. Cram-
bine and Sigine, By Sir GrorcE F, Hampson, Bart., F.Z.S., &c. 137

XXII. Two new Rodents from Tartagal, Salta, N. Argentina.
rye ge REED PETOMVAS © 2.0.55 5 30a. «10 « » 0) 0/8.6.8 sin sina ietnere ede? poeple

NUMBER 22,

XXIII. Notes on the African and Asiatic Species of Melyris, Fab.
(sensu lato), with an Account of their Sexual Characters. By
G2. CHAMPION, FZ.5¢ 0 eis 3's Bt oo) ARMS aio" ates So Gin Oar ¢ nen BY,

XXIV. A Contribution to the Study of South Indian Arach-
nology. By W. Rak Suerrirrs, M.A., D.Sc., formerly Professor
of Zoology, Madras Christian College, Madras, (Plates II-VI.) .. 220

XXV. Brief Descriptions of new Thysanoptera.—X. By Ricuarp
Pr NAME Bary Fe eseSipe at ag gas chs nh 6, sUebals thes niet Wioelic «bin SITS OF gee woo we isis 253

XXVI. New Species and Forms in the Joicey Collection. By
Louw BE. Prour ........ svelte oreines datas siatere fet; eiailelw pieyorats ened E,

XXVII. Notes on the Genus Cricetomys, with Descriptions of
Four new Forms. By Martin A.C. HINTON ............00000. 282

XXVIII. The Method of taking the Incisive Index in Rodents.
WRC TIECEIGE Tipe CEL OQNPAS gr hci chara: «> s1+ gjss doicin ois! =.» s[aelele arate, ele) oles: 6 sivys 289

XXIX. Papers on Oriental Carabide.—llIl. By H. E. An-
Po REIS WiCE Sie ota at ta vie nl ai} s) 2-0) 0) ler acoiaus, «eli owl Aber och aecr yan Gis «i shale -- 290

XXX. New Forms of South-American Birds. By CHARLES
Cuuss, F.Z.8., M.B.0.U., Zoological Department, British Museum
PE emt ELIStOGY, ceca, nersielnsycye)sro,sivie.n sadaw ls ale heli oe vcs a vicelelgaetOOL

vl CONTENTS.

NUMBER 23.
Page
XXXI. Descriptions of New Pyralide of the Subfamilies

Crambine and Sigine. By Sir GrorGE F. Hampson, Bart., F.Z.58.,

XXXII. New Bryozoa from the Kuckers Stage in Esthonia. By
Henprik Bexxer, Cand. Geol., University of Tartu (Dorpat).
(RE AAO UE aa ero aornn o.oo Sn So ooreoucss4 56 eielsie ge ininte .. 827

XXXIII. Diagnose de Genres nouveaux de Sarcoptides plumi-
coles (Analgesine). Par E.-L. Trourssart, Professeur au Muséum
INatromalide Paris’ con sic sls. elie sas one Clee tee 336

XXXIV. On the Genus Aorus, Schh. (Coleoptera, Curculionide).
yiG oA. 1K MARSA I WESC. oy erie ae eee eae ics OOD

XXXV. Crossophorus collaris, Hemprich & Ehrenberg, a little-
known Nematode Parasite of the Hyrax. By H. A. Bayuis, M.A. 343

XXXVI. The Types of the Mammals described by M. Fernand
Lataste. By OLDFIELD THOMAS 2.0006 cscc cesta ecn cen snse . 300

XXXVII. Descriptions and Records of Bees—LXXXVII. By
T. D. A. CocKERELL, University of Colorado ..............0:0 305

XXXVIII. Notes on the African and Asiatic Species of Melyris,
Fab. (sensu lato), with an Account of their Sexual Characters:
Supplementary. -.By G.'C, CHaMPIon, E.Z.8, 0.5.50 ose re ceuee 360

NUMBER 24.

XXXIX. On Barnacles of the Genus Megalasma from Deep-sea
Telegraph-Cables. By W. T. Carman, D.Sc. .........-. Red eee 361

XL. On Five new Mammals from Java. By Herperr C.
ROBINSON and C.. BODEN KLOSS.....%:000000eeeereneves el otaieiein 374

CONTENTS, vil
Page
XLI. Notes on Ruteline Coleoptera and Descriptions of a few new

Species in the British Museum. By Giusert J. Arrow, F.Z.S.,
ape SME OM WEIS yea ciciats,< «0 «+ o's daeemeemMertes Mole oss ne rte eae

XLII. On Indo-Chinese Hymenoptera collected by R. Vitalis de
Salvaza.—III. By Rowxanp KH. Turner, ¥.Z.S., F.E.S. ........ 385

XLII. A List of the Myriapoda of Ulster. By Nevin H.

TG Sic el OG US eg 6 a7] ne nner co crock a cite 895
XLIV. New Mispine. By 8S. Mautrx, Professor of Zoology in

the University of Calcutta : 407

Gl 0)! 0) (8) eis) 6) 0/6) (a) Wie) 8) @) 01:0) 10) 6010, @)-ui e) 6) a} 6) 8) 0 6 a 8) a) @

New Books:—Studies on Acari.—No. 1. The Genus Demodez,
Owen. By Svaniey Hirst

Report on Cetacea stranded on the British Coasts during 1918.
Es plas bye EATER CH AEL SY, oe a, sos da ug a bic,wle bei mate eas 412

Hire CeO Na tranches crchcscucbob cas, areies siocaiy cies acs 5

nne* JPLATES EN VOIn Vs ee
| _ Puate I. Melolonthine Coleoptera, = bis
| ee TL) | he
- III. |
IV. $South African spiders.

r ; Be | |
: ‘ wy F VI. 1s ; P ie . tere eepere

VU. Ordovician Briebeain from Hsthoniss: j
yi : VIL. Ruteline Coleoptera.
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No. 19. JULY 1919.

I.—Papers on Oriental Carabide.—Il.
By H. E. ANDREWES,

In this paper I am describing some new species of Chlendus,
all of them either from India or from adjoining countries, and
giving a few notes on old ones. It is now more than forty
years since Chaudoir published (Ann, Mus. Civ. Gen. 1876)
his Monograph on this genus and its allies, and since then a
Hee number of new species have been described, chiefly —as
far as Oriental species go—by H. W. Bates. A general
revision is much to be desired, especially in view of eertain
defects in the synoptic table preceding the Monograph, viz.

(1) Chaudoir broke up the genus into groups, not into species
(although some of the groups contain only a single species).
(2) The table, on its second page, goes quite to picces ; the
signs used do not properly correspond, and this section is
therefore of little use. I hope at some future date to tabulate
the Eastern species, but there are as yet too many of them of
which I have not seen examples. In the following descrip-
tions the extreme measurements of the specimens examined
are given after the name ; any measurements given in the
course of the description are those of the type-specimen.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. iv. I

2 Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabidie.

Chlenius (Homalolachnus) sexguttatus, 3.

Length 14 mm. ; width 5°5 mm.

Black. Clypeus blue-green, head dark copper-red with
metallic green margins; prothorax black, with faint blue
and green reflections round front angles; elytra blue-black ;
labrum, front of front femora, outer margin of front and inter-
mediate tibize, and three spots on each elytron flavous ; first
three joints of antenne and apex of palpi reddish. Upper
surface of prothoiax and elytra with a short yellowish
pubescence.

Head small, convex, labrum and elypeus smooth, frontal
foveze obsolete, a punctiform impression on each side of front
adjoining clypeus ; surface irregularly punctate, more coarsely
behind, some fine punctures mingled with the larger ones ;
eyes moderately prominent.

Prothorax convex, narrow, very nearly as long as wide,
nearly half as wide again as head, sides uniformly rounded, a
little more contracted in front than behind, angles obtuse and
rounded, a seta on margin at a fifth from base ; median line
deep, not reaching extremities, other impressions obsolete ;
surface very coarsely and confluently punctate.

Elytra elongate-ovate, half as wide again as prothorax, and
nearly three times as long, punctate-striate, intervals mode-
rately convex, each with two series of umbilicate punctures,
surface dull; front spot very small, elongate, adjoining
shoulder, intermediate spot larger, triangular, extending over
intervals 4-9 and tapering inwards, hind spot at a fifth from
apex, irregularly rounded, extending over same intervals,

Underside shiny, slightly iridescent, coarsely but not
closely punctate, ventral surface smooth in middle, finely and
sparsely punctate at sides; prosternal process not margined
at apex, pilose, metepisterna as long as wide; upper surface
of tarsi sparsely pilose.

The species resembles C. panageoides, Chaud., and is about
the same size. The eyes are more prominent, prothorax
narrower, more convex, more contracted behind, and with a
deeper median line. The presence of a shoulder-spot on the
elytra at once distinguishes the new species ; the other spots
are rather smaller and extend inwards to stria 3 only, whereas
in C. panageoides they extend to stria 2 and sometimes to
stria 1.

Upper Burma, Maymyo, May 1910 (H. L. Andrewes).

The type, a single g specimen, is in my collection,

Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabide. 3

Chlenius djaina, Maindr., Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1899, p. 251.

This species was described by Maindron from a ¢ example
taken by him at Karachi and two examples taken by Cardon
in Chota Nagpur. Mr. Guy Babault has kindly sent me one
of the latter, which also proves to bea 9. I have compared
this with a specimen in the Pusa Collection from Chapra,
Bengal (Mackenzie), which is evidently a ¢ of the same
species.

Maindron quite rightly put it in the neighbourhood of
C. orbicollis, Chaud. In dealing in his Monograph with this
little group, for which he retained Laferté’s name of Ocybatus,
Chaudoir (p. 37) describes the palpi, which are of unusual
form ; he only knew the g, however, in one species, viz.,
C. deyrollei, Lat. The g palpi in C. djaina I find to be
exactly as described by Chaudoir, but in the ? the apical
joint of the labials is quite half as long again as wide.

Maindron says that the pubescence is “ rare,” but in the
example from Chota Nagpur it has evidently been rubbed
off; in the Chapra example it is camparatively dense and
quite well marked on the prothorax.

Chlenitus kanare, o 3.

Length 14 mm. ; width 5 mm,

Black. lead metallic green, prothorax dull copper-red on
disk, greenish at sides, blue at extreme margin, elytra eneous-
bl.ck, interval 9 faintly blue; femora, tibiz, and base of
antennee testaceous; rest of antennz, labrum, palpi (tips
lighter), trochanters, and tarsi reddish ; a yellowish apical
spot on each elytron. Prothorax and elytra finely pubescent.

Head small, very finely rugose, with a few small punctures ;
eyes prominent, antenne slender, joint 3 almost glabrous,
very slightly shorter than 4.

Prothorax convex, half as wide again as head, length to
width as 3 to 4, more narrowed in front than behiad, widest
behind middle, sides rather explanate, hind angles obtuse
aud rounded, surface coarsely punctate, more sparsely towards
front angles.

Klytra nearly parallel, one-fourth as wide again as_pro-
thorax, and three times as long ; border rounded at shoulder,
punctate-striate, intervals flat, finely aciculate ; yellow spot
near apex from middle of interval 3 to stria 9, the colour
extending a little forward on intervals 5 and 6 and backwards
on 6-8.

Underside shiny, iridescent, prosternal process bordered
1*

4 Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabide

at apex, pro- episterna moderately punctate on inner side,
metepisterna longer than wide, moderately punctate, with a
groove near outer: margin. Front femora (¢) without trace of
tooth ; tarsi glabrous on upper surface.

Closely allied to C. neelgheriensis, Guér., but differing in
the absence of a tooth on the front femora (3g); antennee
more slender, prothorax wider, more coarsely punctate, the
punctures more uniformly distributed on disk, not so closely
crowded together at base, both pro- and metepisterna with
more numerous punctures.

Bombay, North Kanara (7. R. D. Bell), 2 6 S,1 2.

Type (¢) in my collection.

Chlenius multicolor, 3.

Length 15 mm.; width 6 mm.

Black ; head and prothorax metallic green, the Jatter with
some faint copper-red colour along median line, and blue
reflections at margin, elytra purple-blue ; legs, antennz,
palpi, and mouth parts reddish. Prothorax and elytra
covered, but not closely, with a grey pubescence.

Head moderately convex, faintly: rugose, a few coarse
punctures on sides and vertex, neck closely, finely, and con-
fluently punctate; eyes prominent, joint 3 of antenne a third
as long again as 4, labrum small, truncate.

Prothorax declivous towards front angles, rather flat
behind, not quite twice as wide as head, length to width as
4 to 5, extremities truncate, but sides of base curve towards
hind angles; contracted towards apex, which is much
uarrower than base, sides with a very fine border, margin
explanate, rather widely so towards hind angles, which are
obtuse and rounded; median line very fine, not reaching
extremities, basal fovece short but fairly deep, not reaching
base, surface coarsely and irregularly punctate.

Elytra moderately shiny, elongate-ovate, base bisinuate,
border forming an obtuse angle at shoulder, faintly sinuate
near apex ; punctate-striate, intervals flat, rather coarsely
punctate, more sparsely on disk, very closely at sides.

Underside shiny and iridescent, prosternum moderately
punctate, pro-episterna with only one or two stray punctures,
prosternal process irregularly depressed but not bordered,
inetasternum and metepisterna coarsely punctate, the latter
much longer than wide, with an external groove, ventral
surface finely and sparsely punctate at sides. Front femora

Mr. HH. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabidee. 5

(3) without tooth; upper surface of tarsi very sparsely
vilose.
I know of no other species with which to compare this.
According to Chaudoiv’s table it would come near C, abstersus,
Bates, from which it is widely different.
Bombay, Belgaum.
The type (gd), a unique specimen, is in my collection. I
find from my notes that [ took it in July 1886.

Chienius chapanus, 3 ¢.
Length 13-14 mm. ; width 4:25-4:75 mm.

Black ; head and prothorax metallic green, side-margins
of latter dark green-blue ; legs, antenne, and palpi dark red ;
apex of palpi and an apical spot on each elytron red-yellow.

Head (2°25 mm. wide) shiny, convex, closely and finely
punctate, the punctures of varying sizes, vertex smoother,
finely rugose ; eyes moderately prominent, palpi slender but
short, joint 3 of antennz practically glabrous, hardly longer
than 4.

Prothorax transverse (3x 2°75 mm.), subcordate, rather
flat, truncate at extremities, sides gently rounded, slightly
cimaiate before hind angles, which are about right, though
rounded, border very fine, reflexed near hind angles ; median
line fine, not reaching extremities, basal fovez elongate,
fairly deep, surface moderately shiny, closely, more or less
confluently, but not very coarsely punctate, more sparsely
on disk at each side of median line, pubescence rather long
though not obvious.

Elytra (about 8°5 mm. long) elongate, nearly parallel,
border rounded at shoulders, rather strongly sinuate before
apex, punctulate-striate, intervals flat, the whole surface very
finely aciculate-punctate, the punctures transversely confluent,
covered with a rather long though not dense yellowish pubes-
cence ; the yellowish spot at a fourth from apex, irregularly
transverse, covering striae 3-8.

Underside sparsely punctate, nearly glabrous, prosternal
process bordered, metepisterna elongate, with a groove along
outer margin, along witli metasternum, and sides of ventral
surface at base coarsely but not closely punctate. I iont
femora (¢) without tooth ; tarsi pubescent on upper surface,
joints 1-3 of front tarsi (¢) strongly dilated.

Allied to C. tetragonoderus, Chaud. ; eyes less prominent,
antennee much longer, prothorax narrower, much more con-
tracted behind, mo:e coarsely and closely punctate, elytra—

6 Mr. I. BE. Andrewes on Oriental Carabide.

owing to the fine and transversely confluent puncturation—
more opaque.

Tonkin, Chapa, May 1916 (R. Vitalis de Salvaza),4 33,
1.39.

The type is in the British Museum.

Chlenius vitalist, 3 9.

Length 12-14 mm. ; width 4°25-5 mm.

Black ; head and prothorax metallic green, elytra green,
darker (sometimes with faint purplish tinge) on disk; legs,
first three joints of antennee (rest brown), and apex of elytra
flavous; palpi, margin and epipleure of elytra, margin aud
apex of ventral surface yellow-red.

Head (2°5 mm. wide) shiny, convex, minutely rugose, with
a few small scattered punctures, eyes prominent, antenne
long, joint 3 sparsely pilose, half as long again as 4, palpi
slender.

Prothorax transverse (3x 2°75 mm.) moderately shiny,
subconvex, truncate in front, base emarginate, widest before
middle, sides rounded in front, slightly sinuate behind, hind
angles a little obtuse and rounded, side-border very fine ;
median line fine, basal foveze deep, curving behind towards
hind angles, surface very finely vermiculate-striate, more
densely near both front and hind angles, sparsely covered
with punctures of moderate size, basal area with some finer
punctures as well, middle of base longitudinally striate.

Klytra subconvex and subopaque, nearly three times as
long as prothorax, widest a little behind middle, border
obtusely angled at shoulder, hardly sinuate towards apex,
punctulate-striate, with a row of minute setiferous punctures
(visible only when magnified) on each side of the strize,
intervals 8 and 9, and the apical area more visibly punctate
and pubescent, border dark red for first two-fitths, interval 9
also for next two-fifths, apex widely flavous, with irregular
front margin (as in C. drops, Chaud.).

Underside shiny, proepisterna smooth, sides of metasternum
and episterna with a few scattered punctures, prosternal
process unbordered, shortly pilose. Front femora without
tooth, upper surface of tarsi very sparsely punctate, with a
few minute sete.

Very closely allied to C. marginifer, Chaud., but differing
in the very fine rugosily of both head and prothorax, the
latter wider and more contracted behind, surface of elytra less
finely shagreened. In C. marginifer strie 8 and Y and the

Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Orvental Carabides. Cl

apex are impunctate, the yellow border extends from shoulder
to suture and is hardly wider at apex.

Laos: Vientiane, vi—vii. 1915; Tourakom, vii. 1915;
Pak Lane, i. 1918; Ban Nam Mo, iii. 1918 (R. Vitalis de
Salvaza), 8 ex., g 2.

Type in the British Museum.

Chlenius tudicus, 8 ¢.

Length 12°5 mm. ; width 4°5 mm.

Black ; head and prothorax metallic green, disk of latter
faintly suffused with copper-red, elytra brown-black on disk
as far on each side as stria 5, green at sides (in the two
Kanarese specimens the prothorax and sides of the elytra are
blue-green) ; legs, antennz, palpi, epipleure of elytra, and
margin of ventral surface testaceous red; labrum and border
of elytra red-brown.

Head smooth, shiny, faintly strigose near eyes, with a few
small punctures at sides ; eyes prominent, antennas and palpi
slender, former with joint 3 hardly longer than 4.

Prothorax quadrate, a third as wide again as head, only a
little wider than long, more contracted in front than behind,
widest rather before middle, sides narrowly bordered, faintly
sinuate before hind angles, which are obtuse though very
little rounded, the sides of the base advancing towards them ;
median line fine, not nearly reaching extremities, basal fovez
rounded and deep, surface shiny, convex at sides, covered
with few but coarse setiferous punctures, irregularly disposed.

Elytra elongate-oval, a third as wide again as prothorax
and nearly three times as long, border with an angle at
shoulder, punctate-striate, intervals rather flat, the whole
surface finely aciculate-punctate and pubescent, the punctura-
tion rather closer at sides.

Underside shiny and nearly smooth, metasternum and
episterna moderately punctate, sides of ventral surface sparsely
punctate and pubescent, prosternal process faintly bordered
at apex, with a few sete. Upper surface of tarsi glabrous ;
first three joints of front tarsi (g) rather longer than wide.

The species belongs to the C. chalcothorax, Wied., group,
and seems most nearly allied to C. privatus, Bates, of which
I have seen noexample. The last-named species comes from
Burma and is a much larger insect ; it differs also to some
extent in colour and has the head coarsely punctate. The
coloration of the elytra in C. tudicus (except for the reddish
border) is as in C. chalcothorax, but the prothorax is more

8 Mr. If. . Andrewes on Oriental Carabidee.

coarsely and sparsely punctate, and the sinuation of the sides

before the hind angles, though slight, is more evident.
Bombay, Belgaum, 6 ex. ¢ 2? ; I took these at the end of

May 1886 on the banks of a small pool near the village

of 'Cudia. Bombay, North Kanara (7. &. D. Bell), 2 ex., 3.
The type is in my collection.

Chlenius apollo.

Length 12°0-14°5 mm. ; width 4°75-5°5 mm.

Black ; head and prothorax blue-green, latter usually blue
at margins and green on disk,-elytra dark blue; femora
flavous, rest of legs, antenne, palpi, and mouth-parts reddish.

Head (2°5 mm. wide) convex, uniformly and very finely
punctate, frontal fovees punctiform, eyes flat, joint 3 of
antennee sparsely pilose, half as long again as 4, palpi
slender.

Prothorax rather flat, quadrate, as long as wide (3°5 mm.),
broadly emarginate at both extremities and not much con-
tracted, a little narrower in front than behind, sides very
gently rounded, with a narrow reflexed border, hind angles
rounded but well marked, sides of base advancing towards
them; median line fine, transverse impressions moderate,
basal foveze elongate, deep, curving backwards towards hind
angles, surface glabrous and shiny, minutely punctulate, with
some larger scattered punctures (almost wanting in the type),
base longitudinally striate.

Elytra rather short, ovate, wider in ¢ than in @, not
more than twice as long as prothorax, border sharply angled
at shoulder, gradually increasing in width up to three-fitths
from base, rounded at apex; punctulate-striate, with a row
of taintly indicated setiferous punctures on each side of the
striz, the setee minute, an umbilicate pore near base of stria 1,
intervals moderately convex, surface dull, interval 8 more
evidently punctate.

Underside almost smooth and glabrous, metasternum, its
episterna, and sides of ventral surface at base faintly punc-
tate, prosternal process bordered at apex, metepisterna as long
aswide. Dilated joints of front tarsi (¢) rather longer than
wide, glabrous on upper surface.

Allied to C. quadricolor, but front tarsi (¢) with rather
narrower joints and metepisterna no longer than wide. The
very flat eyes, uniformly punctate head, nearly square pro-
thorax, and short wide elytra distinguish this species from
most other members of the group.

Nilgiri Hills, 6000’ (42. L. Andrewes, 4 ex., A. K. Weld

Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabide. yy)
Downing, 5 ex., T. V. Campbell, 1 ex.). Mr. Downing’s

specimens were taken at Hulikal; Dr. Campbell’s specimen
is in Mr. EK. A. Butler’s collection.

British Museum, 3 ex., labelled respectively “India,”
“'S. India,” and “ Nilgiris.”

The type (¢) is in my collection.

Chlenius nilgiricus, 3 ¢.

Length 16°0 mm. ; width 6:0 mm.

Black ; head dark green, prothorax green on disk, darker
(blue, purple, or blackish) on margin, elytra blue-black ;
femora, upperside of front tibie, and first joint of antennz
flavous, rest of legs and antenne and mouth-parts dark red.

Head (3:0 mm. wide), including clypeus, finely punctate,
longitudinally striate near eyes, which are only moderately
prominent, joint 3 of antennz sparsely pilose, about one-
third as long again as 4.

Prothorax flat, quadrate, as long as wide (4°25 mm.), a
little emarginate at extremities, about equally and very little
contracted before and behind, sides very gently rounded,
angles distinct but rounded; median line fine, transverse
impressions visible in middle only, basal fovex short but
deep, parallel, not reaching base, but merging in a depressed
area adjoining basal angles ; surface shiny, minutely punctu-
late, uniformly but sparsely covered with larger (though still
small) punctures, minutely striate along both basal and apical
margins.

Klytra ovate, moderately convex, more than twice as long
as prothorax, widest just behind middle, border angled at
shoulder, punctulate-striate, with a well-maked row of
setiferous punctures along each side of the strice, intervals
only moderately convex, the pubescence hard'y noticeable.

Underside shiny, prosternum rugose at sides, process very
finely bordered at apex, episterna with some punctures on
inner side, sides of metasternum and the episterna rather
coarsely, sides of ventral surface more finely and sparsely
punctate, metepisterna rather longer than wide; tarsi glabrous
on upper surface.

In the puncturation of the head and the form of the
prothorax the species resembles C. apollo, but the insect is
a larger one, the eyes are more prominent, the prothorax a
little less sparsely punctate, the form of the basal fovez
different, the elytra longer, narrower, less convex, and with
a longer scutellary striole. Compared with the better-known
C. quadricolor, the head is larger and much more closely

10 Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabide.

punctate, prothorax equally contracted at extremities, flatter,
surface more finely punctate, elytra rather similar, but the
punctures on each side of the striz are smaller, closer together,
and more distinct.

Nilgiri Hills, 3000’, Nov. 1910 (H. L. Andrewes), 2 ex.,
& 2? ; Coimbatore, 4. ii. 1913 (7. B. Fletcher), 1 ex., Agric.
Coll. and Research Inst., Coimbatore.

The type is in my collection.

Chlaenius fletcheri, 3 ?.
Length 13°5-16°0 mm. ; width 5°0-5-75 mm.

Black; head and prothorax metallic green, latter darker
at margins; femora and joint 1 of antenna red, rest of legs
and antenne dark red, palpi brown.

Head (3:0 mm. wide) convex, moderately shiny, finely
punctate (a few larger punctures mingled with the small
ones) and subrugose, frontal foveze reduced to two small
round punctures, eyes rather flat, joint 3 of antenne nearly
glabrous, quite half as long again as 4, palpi slender, labrum
truncate. |

Prothorax as long as wide (4:0 mm.), shiny, rather flat,
widest at middle, equally contracted at extremities, which
are very slightly emarginate, sides finely bordered and a
little reflexed, moderately and quite uniformly rounded from
base to apex, hind angles obtuse and rounded; median line
fine, not reaching extremities, basal foveze moderately deep,
elongate, curving outwards at both extremities, produced and
very shallow in front, surface moderately and fairly uniformly
punctate throughout.

Elytra (9°5 mm. long) elongate-ovate, narrower and less
dilated behind in ¢ than in 2, base bisinuate, border sharply
angled at shoulder, faintly sinuate before apex, punctulate-
striate, a row of well-maiked setiferous punctures along each
side of the striaz, a few irregular additional punctures here
and there, especially on intervals 1 and 2, more closely punc-
tate at sides, intervals convex and moderately shiny in g,
flat and dullin @.

Underside shiny, faintly iridescent, indistinctly pubescent,
prosternal process bordered, pilose at apex, metepisterna half
as long again as wide, coarsely punctate, ventral surface
sparsely punctate at sides. ‘l’arsi glabrous on upper surface,
dilated joints (¢ ) a little longer than wide.

Very close to C. nilgiricus, but the elytra are black. Pro-
thorax more strongly rounded at sides, which are more or less
reflexed, surface much more coarsely punctate, intervals of

Mr. H. BH. Andrewes on Oriental Carabidae. cis

elytra much more convex and more coarsely punctured in 3,
very similar in ?.

Ceylon, Diyatalawa, 3. viii. 1908 (7. B. Fletcher), 1 3,
eh

British Museum.

Chlenius opacipennis, Chaud. “ Mon. des Chléniens,” Ann.
Mus. Civ. Gen. 1876, p. 176.

Chaudoir described this species from two Bengal examples
(3 9), but gives no hint of any difference in the sexes, I
have before me seven examples, four males and three females,
which Lam convinced belong to the same species, but [ find
rather marked s°xual differences. Chaudoir’s description, as
far as it goes, applies very well to the females, but the male
insect is narrower, Hatter, and much more brightly coloured ;
the head and prothorax do not differ much, but the elytra are
not so opaque, the intervals are moderately convex, and the
puncturation is coarser and more conspicuous. ‘The side-
margins of the prothorax are blue in front, the sides and
apex of the elytra violet-blue, green on the shoulder.

6 od. India and N.W. India, 2 ex., British Museum ;

Central Provinces (Gin. Hearsey), 1 ex., Hope Dept. Oxford
Univ. Museum. Bengal, Chapra (Mackenzie), 1 ex., Agric.
Research Inst., Pusa.
— ¢ 2. Bengal, Barkura, eating millipede, 1 ex., Agric.
Research Insi., Pusa. Central Provinces, Nagpur (H. A.
IY Abreu), lex. Central Mus., Nagpur. United Provinces,
Sitapur (4. G. Chumpton), 1 ex.

Chlenius henryi, 3.

Leneth 15°5 mm.; width 6 mm.

Black; head and prothorax with an seneous tinge, green
at margins ; joints 1-3 of antenne and legs testaceous, tarsi,
labrum, and mouth-parts brown.

Head convex, coarsely and rugosely punctate, neck and
middle of front nearly smooth, clypeus smooth, with an
oblique rugose depression at each side, labrum strongly
emarginate, eyes fairly prominent, antenne thick, joint 3 a
little longer than 4.

Prothorax moderately convex, a third as wide again as
head, length to width as 3 to 4, widest rather behind middle,
base slightly emarginate, apex truncate, narrower at apex
than base, sides gently rounded, border narrow and a little
reflexed, hind angles obtuse and rounded ; median line very

12 Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabide.

fine, not reaching extremities, transverse impressions obsolete,
basal fovee short and narrow, hardly breaking the general
convexity, distant from base, rather nearer margin than
middle; surface coarsely, confluently, and uniformly punctate.

Elytra oval, convex, widest behind middle, half as wide
again as prothorax and three times as long, border forming
an angle at shoulder, punctate-striate, the punctures very
fine and close together, the first stria arising from an umbili-
cate pore at some distance from base, the whole surface
finely, closely, and uniformly punctate, with a short greyish
pubescence.

Underside shiny and iridescent, sterna and episterna
coarsely but not closely punctate, sides of ventral surface
more finely and sparsely, prosternal process very finely
bordered with some sete at apex, metepisterna without ex-
ternal groove, a little longer than wide. Front femora (¢ )
without tooth; upper surface of tarsi minutely and very
sparsely setose.

The species belongs to the group of which C. chlorodius,
Dej., is the type, but, although the elytra are relatively
longer, the form is more that of C. epacipennis, Chaud. It
is widely distinguished from all other members of the group
by the dense puncturation of both prothorax and elytra, also
by the rounded hind angles of the former.

A single g specimen from the Colombo Museum, sent to
me some years ago by Mr. G. M. Henry, after whom I have
named it. There is no locality-label, but I understand that
the specimen was taken in Ceylon.

Chlenius binghamt, 2.

Length 12:0 mm.; width 5°0 mm.

Buff-coloured ; basal two-fifths of elytra, together with an
extension, in the form of a square patch over the first four
intervals, to about a third from apex, and apex of mandibles
black ; apex of palpi and an ill-defined area near apex of
elytra infuscate.

Head (2:25 mm. wide) convex, shiny, smooth, apart from
some very minute punctures on neck and sides of front,
frontal fove fairly deep, eyes prominent, labrum truncate,
joint 3 of antennze very sparsely pilose, equal to 4.

Prothorax transverse (3°25 x 2°50 mm.), shiny, convex on
disk, widest before middle, extremities truncate, sides of base
advancing towards hind angles, sides with a fine border,
slightly reflexed, strongly rounded in front, sinuate near hind

Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabidee. 13

angles, which are right but not sharp, median line and trans-
verse impressions well marked, basal fovex large and fairly
deep, surface smooth except over the fovese and for a short
distance forwards along sides, where it is coarsely punctate
and pubescent.

Elytra (7-0 mm. long) short, rather convex, border forming
a very obtuse angle at shoulder, and only faintly sinuate near
apex, punctulate-striate, intervals convex on disk, much
flatter at sides, the first four (where black) smooth, except
for an irregular row of setiferous punctures along each side
of the stris, the rest of the surface closely punctate and
pubescent, the puncturation rather coarse, the buff colour
extending forwards along interval 9 and eovering the shoulder,
but not extending inwards beyond the base of stria 5,

Underside finely punctate and pubescent, but smoother
down the middle line of the body, prosternal process not
bordered, a few small set at apex, metepisterna much longer
than wide, tarsi with a few minute setee on upper surface.

Nearly related to C. kolariensis, Maindr., from Chota
Nagpur, but larger, prothorax with blunter hind angles and
quite without the minute rugosity of the base in that species ;
the median elytral intervals are more evidently smooth, and
the square black patch projected backwards from the black
basal area gives the species a very distinctive facies.

Upper Burma, Maymyo, 3000’ (Col. C. T. Bingham),
ext 9

The type is in the British Museum,

Chlenius corbetti, 2.

Length 17 mm.; width 6°25 mm.

Dark green-blue ; head and prothorax metallic green, latter
copper-red on disk, elytra green-blue with middle of intervals
Lae ; legs, palpi, antennee (lighter at apex), and labrum
red.

Head (3°0 mm. wide) shiny, almost smooth, a very few
punctures on sides and vertex, frontal fovex obsolete, eyes
fairly prominent, palpi slender, joint 3 of antenna sparsely
pilose, slightly curved, halt as long again as 4.

Prothorax transverse (4 x 3°5 mm.), widest before middle,
rather flat but declivous towards front angles, emarginate at
extremities, sides rounded, sinuate at some distance from base,
hind angles about right, projecting a little laterally, sides of
base advancing towards them ; median line fine, but rather
deeply impressed, basal fovex elongate, fairly deep, curving

14 Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabide.

backwards towards hind angles, surface shiny, finely punctate,
sparsely on disk, more closely over basal area, where some
Jarge punctures are mingled with the small ones, faintly
pubescent.

Elytra (10 mm. long) subopaque, flat, elongate, sides
nearly parallel, border at shoulder forming a very obtuse
angle, rounded at apex without appreciable sinuation, punctu-:
late-striate, stria 1 arising from an umbilicate pore, intervals
flat, the whole surface finely but not very closely aciculate-
punctate, a few larger punctures mingled quite irregularly
with the smaller ones, covered with a short but not dense
yellowish pubescence.

Underside shiny, prosternal process unbordered, metepi-
sterna a little longer than broad, without external groove,
mnctasternum, its episterna, and sides of ventral suiface mode-
rately punctate and pubescent, much more finely and sparsely
over the median area ; tarsi pilose on upper surtace.

‘The species seems to belong to the little American group
in Chaudoir’s Monograph, of which C. cordicollis, Kirby, 1s
typical. The shape of the protiorax is unlike that of any
Hastern species known to me, though it 1s very similar to
that of C. aératus, Quens., from N. Africa. It is possible,
though unlikely, that this is the unidentified C. viridanus,
Motsch. (Bull. Mosc. 1864, iv. p. 339).

Burma, Rangoon (G. Q. Corbett), 1 ex., 2.

The type is in my collection,

Chlenius laotinus, g 2.

Length 11-12 mm. ; width 4:50-4:75 mm.

Black ; head and prothorax dark metallic green (bluish
when viewed sideways), elytra dark eneous on disk, green at
base and sides, border of both prothorax and elytra dark red ;
legs, first three joints of antennee (rest darker), palpi, apex
of elytra (widely) and of ventral surface (narrowly)
testaceous.

Head (2°0 mm. wide) convex. shiny, smooth, a few small
punctures near eyes, frontal foveee deep, rounded, subrugose,
eyes moderately prominent, antenne slender, joint 3 sparsely
pilose, hardly longer than 4, palpi slender, labrum slightly
emarginate.

Prothorax transverse (3°0x2°5 mm.), shiny, subconvex,
widest just before middle, truncate at extremities, sides
bordered and strongly rounded, sinuate just before hind angles,
which are about right, sharp, projecting a little laterally,
front angles rounded; median line rather deeply impressed,

Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabidae. 15

basal fovee large, rather shallow, surface moderately and
fair'y closely punctate, very closely over the basal fovez,
smooth on middle of disk (except along median line), pubes-
cence evident and rather long.

Klytra (775 mm. long) ovate, convex, border rounded at
shoulder, sinuate near apex, punctulate-striate, surface
closely but not very finely punctate (as in C. submarginatus,
Chaud.), more closely at sides, covered with a fairly long
yellowish pubescence, apical area broadly testaceous, as in
C. inops, Chaud., but more widely along suture, and not
quite so far forwards along margin, with a less jagged edge
where the colours meet.

Ventral surface finely punctate, the pubescence shorter and
less evident than on upper surface, prosternum smooth
between coxe, process bordered and pilose at apex, metepi-
sterna elongate. Upper surface of tarsi sparsely punctate
and minutely setose, dilated joints (¢) rather narrow.

Closely allied to C. fraterculus, Maindr., of which Mr. Guy
Babault has kindly sent me a typical specimen for examina-
tion. The form of the prothorax is almost identical, though
in OC, laotinus the hind angles are hardly acute, puncturation
closer and finer, smooth discal area much smaller (in C. fra-
terculus it extends almost to the front angles), elytra rather
more finely punctate, the yellow apical area extending further
forwards at sides.

Laos ; many examples taken at various localities in the
Provinces of Luang Prabang and Haut Mekong, 1915-18
(R. Vitalis de Salvaza).

The type is in the British Museum,

Chlantus comans, ¢ ¢.

Length 11°5-13°0 mm. ; width 4°25-5:°0 mm.

Black ; head and protliorax metallic green, latter sometimes
copper-red on disk, elytra zeneous black ; legs, first three joints
of anteune (rest fuscous), palpi, border of prothorax and
elytra, epipleurse of elytra, and apex of ventral surtace
generally testaceous, but sometimes quite dark red.

Head (2°25 mm. wide) convex, shiny, minutely punctate,
with a few larger punctures on front and near eyes, frontal
fovee sinall but deep, eyes prominent, joints 2 and 3 of an-
tenne moderately pilose, joint 3=4, palpi slender, labrum
truncate, ;

_ Prothorax transverse (3°50 x 2°75 mm.), convex on disk,
flatter towards base, truncate at extremities, sides moderately
rounded, not sinuate before hind angles, not much wider

16 Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabide.

behind than in front, border narrow in front, thicker behind,
hind angles obtuse, but not much rounded ; median line very
fine, basal foveee short but fairly deep, curving outwards at
both extremities, surface moderately punctate, closely near
hind angles, disk almost smooth (except along median line),
evidently pubescent.

Elytra (8:0 mm. long) ovate, subconvex, border roundel
at shoulders, sinuate near apex, punctate-striate, intervals
flat, surface rather finely aciculate-punctate, more closely at
sides, with a fairly long golden-yellow pubescence.

Underside moderately shiny, closely punctate and pubes-
cent, ventral surface very closely and finely, prosternum
punctate between cox, process with indications of a border
only, metepisterna elongate, closely punctate, metasternum
with some coarse punctures as well. Upper surface of tarsi
minutely punctate, practically glabrous. Dilated joints of
front tarsi (¢) rather elongate.

According to Chaudoir’s table the species would go with
C. tristis, Schall., and C. nigricornis, F., but it is more
closely allied to C. submarginatus, Chaud. Head a little
wider than in the last-named species, prothorax less con-
tracted behind, sides and especially hind angles much less
rounded, less closely punctate, elytra more finely punctate,
prosternal process practically unbordered. I think probably
Chaudoir attached too much importance to the border on the
prosternal process in this genus, as he did also in odes (see
Bates, Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. 1892, p. 323).

Tonkin: Hoabinh, Guang Yen, and Muong Sin, many
examples (R. Vitalis de Salvaza), China (Bowring), 4 ex.

The type is in the British Museum.

Chlunius uninotatus, df.

Length 10-11 mm. ; width 3°75-4:0 mm.

Blue-black ; head metallic green or blue-green, border and
epipleuree of prothorax reddish ; legs, palpi, labrum, joints 1
and 2 of antennee, and a common spot near apex of elytra
testaceous.

Head (2:0 mm. wide) convex, minutely punctate, smoother
on vertex, frontal foves nearly obsolete, joints 1 and 2 of
antennze sparsely pilose, 3 more closely so and a little longer
than 4, palpi slender, obliquely truncate at apex, labrum
truncate.

Prothorax transverse (2°75 x 2°25 mm.), flat, widest at
middle, equally contracted and slightly emarginate at both
extremities, very finely bordered at sides, strongly and evenly

On the Myth of the Ship-holder. 17

rounded, without any sinuation before base, angles rounded,
front ones a little prominent, hind ones obtuse ; a fine median
line reaching extremities, transverse impressions obsolete,
basal fovezs shallow, surface opaque, finely and densely
granulate and pubescent, the pubescence inconspicuous.
Hlytra (6°35 mm. long) oval, narrower and more pointed at
apex in @, rather flat on disk, opaque, border fine, rounded
at shoulder, reflexed along sides, hardly sinuate before apex,
punctulate-striate, intervals flat, finely but not very closely
punctate, and inconspicuously pubescent ; the testaceous spot,
which is divided by the suture (red at this point), small,
more or less rectangular, covering three intervals on each side
of the suture, the colour extending a little nearer apex on
interval 1; scutellum shagreened and indistinctly punctate.
Underside highly iridescent, shiny, sparsely punctate, and
pubescent, prosternal process not bordered, metepisterna not
much longer than wide; tarsi pubescent on upper surface.
Closely resembling C. guttula, Chaud., but larger, the
eommon spot a little larger, more angular, and further from
apex ; head wider, less closely rugose, prothorax more coarsely
granulate, strie of elytra deeper and more evidently punctate.
Assam: Naga Hills, Assam Valley, Manipur (all Doherty),
18,6¢% ?¢.
British Museum.

Il.—The Myth of the Ship-holder: a Postscript. By E. W.
Gupeer, American Museum of Natural History, New

York City.

In the issue of this Journal for October 1918 I published a
paper of some length on this myth *. While that paper was
going through the press I chanced upon some additional data
bearing on this subject and its explanation, and it has
seemed worth while to present it here in abbreviated form
in the hope that it may prove of interest to readers of the
first paper. It is all the more interesting because three of
the writers quoted approximated the true explanation.

The first of these old writers 1s Jerome Cardan, mathe-
matician, naturalist, and several other things beside. In

* Gudger, E. W., ‘The Myth of the Ship-holder: Studies in Echeneis
or Remora.—I.” Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1918, ser. 9, vol. ii. pp. 271-
307, 3 pls. with 9 figs., 1 text-fig.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. iv. 2

s

18 Mr. E. W. Gudger on the

his book *, published at Basiliz in 1557, his description
of the ship-retarder, which he denominates Mustela marina,
is very inexact; but when he says that it has seven round
openings on each side of its neck, we recognize it as a
lamprey-eel. The interesting thing in his account is his
recital of a voyage on the Liger River in the spring, when
seven large specimens were detached from the prow of the
boat, where they acted as very effectual remoras—delayers.
In this account Cardan effectually corroborates Rondelet +,
who says that he has seen a lamprey-eel attach itself to a
boat and actually retard its progress. Both these ancients
in turn are corroborated fully by one of the most distinguished
ichthyologists of the present day, Mr. David G. Stead, of
Australia {, who tells of an instance coming under his own
observation of a vessel in tropical waters being actually
‘considerably delayed through a school of ‘suckers’ attaching
themselves all round its sides and bottom.”

Next we come to the old Jesuit, Athanasius Kircher
(1643), who goes very carefully into the matter of the ship-
holder. Not to weary the reader, the gist of Kircher’s
dissertation is to be found in the following paragraph. He
contends that the explanation of the retardation of ships by
a fish is as fabulous as that this is due to magnetic rocks,
and goes on to offer the following explanation of his own :—

“Nevertheless I do not deny that ships in their course do
stand still. But I do not think to ascribe this to any occult
quality, nor to any virtue derived from heaven, nor to any
fantastic cause whatever, but to contrary upheavals or
currents in the sea. For unless I had observed such a
happening myself, I would myself scarcely believe that
which I am going to set forth. Truly it happens not in-
frequently in the Strait of Sicily that a huge ship with all
sails set to a following wind sticks fast in the middle of the
sea as if she had been affixed to a spike in a beam, the other
ships in the neighbourhood holding their courses. This I
allege not only on the testimony of my own eyes, but of
that of the inhabitants of Messina, who frequently enjoy
this spectacle. In like fashion the imperial fleet of Anthony
at the battle of Actium was detained in the narrows of the
Archipelago. This I would ascribe to the currents and

* Cordano, Girolamo. ‘ Hieronymi Cardani Mediolanensis Medici de
Rerum Varietate Libri XVII.’ Basiliz, 1557, chapter 31.

+ Rondelet, Guillaume. ‘L’Histoire Entiére des Poissons.’ Lion,
1558, p. 8138. The original edition of this great-work was published in
Latin in 1554. ;

{ Stead, David G. ‘Fishes of Australia.’ Sydney, 19C6, pp. 190-191.

Myth of the Ship-holder. 1s

eddies which are everywhere met with in straits. For it can
scarcely be said how much eddying in the sea, how many
[opposing] currents would be strong and powerful enough
to cause ships to stand. This is, indeed, my idea of the
Remora” *,

We now come to that man of the Renaissance writers who
most thoroughly and in scientific fashion goes into a study
of the ship-holder. This is the Jesuit, Gaspar Schott, pro-
fessor in the gymnasium of Herbipoli. His scieutific
attitude is first shown in his extensive review of his prede-
cessors, where he expressly quotes them by book, chapter,
and paragraph, and in this he is about as exact as a present-
day writer who takes pride in the care with which his biblio-
graphy is prepared +.

Schott carefully dissects the writings and opinions of his
predecessors, and, while acknowledging that vessels are
stopped, rejects their explanations as depending on some
occult power or cause or quality. He then sets forth his
‘own conclusions under four heads and in as many distinct
paragraphs. First, he thinks it doubtful if such a remark-
able power of detaining and retarding ships is to be found
in such a small animal. He notes that there are no eye-
witnesses among the ancients, but that their accounts run
“it is said,” “some believe,” “it is reported.” In short,
there is no agreement among the ancients, and their accounts
are mere fables.

Having thus established himself as a disbeliever, Schott,
in the next paragraph, affirms his belief in the occult and
the supernatural. Since so many writers record them, there
must be truth in these accounts, and it must be acknowledged
that the ships are retarded, but from causes different from
the assigned ones. These retardations, he thinks, are due
to angels—good or bad,—to frauds on the parts of sailors
(some backing, others pulling), or to upheavings and boilings
in the sea. These latter, on the whole, he thinks to be the
more probable causes.

In his third paragraph Schott affirms his belief in “extra-
ordinary tides and currents which arise at times to retard
the progress of the weakly propelled vessels of his day. He
quotes Kircher’s experience in the Straits of Sicily. This

* Kircher, Athanasius. ‘ Athanasii Kircheri Magnes Sive de Artis
Magnetica, Opus Tripartum.’ Colonize Agrippine, 1643. Liber tertius,
pars sexta, De Echeneida, seu Remora, p. 669,

+ Schottus, Caspar. ‘Physica Curiosa sive Mirabilia Natura et
Artis Libris XII.’ Herbipoli, 1662, Caput XIV. Dissertatio Physio-
logica de Echeneide seu Remora, pp. 1309-1338.

oe

20 On the Myth of the Ship-holder.

he had confirmed by the inhabitants of Messina and likewise
by a personal experience in those waters. Next he argues
that similar detentions have been known in similar regions,
but that, unlike the ones more or less regularly occurring,
though at different hours, in the Sicilian Straits, they occur
irregularly and at intervals only—in short, were temporary
and due to temporary and unusual causes. These causes,
he thinks, were earthquakes or submarine disturbances of
some kind which produce large and conflicting waves, this
being in accordance with Kircher’s experience when he was
once returning from Melita to Rome.

Lastly, Schott comes to the conelusion that the retardation
is due to the little fish rightly called remora, but that it does
not do this by virtue of any occult quality, since when taken
into the vessel the latter is no longer necessarily stopped in
her course—witness the vessels of Caligula and the Cardinal
of Tours (see pages 276 and 284 of previous paper). When
it lays hold of a vessel and opposes its propulsion it aets in
the same way that a man does when he prevents gravity -
from drawing a body downward.

Both Kircher and Schott had a glimmering idea of the
truth, each wanted to break away from ancient tradition and
give a rational explanation; but the axiom that action and
reaction are equal not having been established in their day,
they apparently took refuge in jesuitical fashion in a
flood of words. However, it is true that, in their conflicting
currents or boilings in the sea, they approximated the true
explanation as set forth by Ekman* in 1904. For this see
my larger article.

The last author to be quoted in this paper is a compatriot
of Ekman’s, the famous Bishop Pontoppidan ¢ of Norway.
He quotes Schott, that “ Among other reasons that are
given for a ship’s being stopt in her course in the middle of
the sea, tho’ under full sail with a good wind, which is an
undeniable fact, he reckons, the conflux of rivers from several
places struggling together, to be one cause.” This translation
I am wnable to get from Schott’s Latin ; but doubting my
own rendition, I had a translation made by an expert in
Romanic languages. This agreed with mine very closely,
but not with the good Bishop’s.

Possibly this translation represents an embryonic idea in

* Ekman, V. Walfrid. ‘On Dead-Water.’ Vol. V. Scientific Results
Norwegian North Polar Expedition, 1898-1896. Christiania, 1904.

+ Pontoppidan, Erich, ‘The Natural History of Norway.’ London,
1755, pp. 216-217,

On a few Melolonthine Coleoptera. 21

the Bishop’s own mind, for he continues (see above) : ‘This
Opinion has some probability, and that strange effect is
really owing to this cause in some places.” But, being
under the thrall of the Kraken, the gigantic cephalopod
which, like ‘‘ Dead Water,” abounded in the fiords of his
country, he finally concludes that it, under the name Kors-
Trold or Soe-Drawl, is the effecting agent in ship-detention.

Il1.—Systematic Notes on a few Melolonthine Coleoptera.
By GiLBert J. ARROW.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)
[Plate I.}

THE following descriptions and notes have been put together
in the course of working out the nomenclature of certain
species of Melolonthine injurious to crops in different regions.
The types of the species described as new are in the British
Museum.

In his ‘ Report on Phytalus smitht, Arrow, and other
Beetles injurious to Sugar-cane in Mauritius’? Mr. d’ Emmerez
de Charmoy refers to certain Lamellicorn beetles to which no
precise names could be given. ‘These were subsequently
sent to me for identification, but, owing to uncertainty as to
whether they were imported or indigenous, I deferred their
determination at that time. Having failed to obtain sufficient
evidence of their occurrence elsewhere, I have now described
them, their economic importance rendering the absence of
recognized names highly inconvenient.

In the Report above mentioned the name Gymnogaster
buphthalma, Bl., is applied to certain cane-feeding grubs.
The beetles sent to me as probably belonging to that species
are two different forms, both of them apparently unnamed
hitherto. G. buphthalmus is an inhabitant of the island of
Bourbon, and in all probability is not found elsewhere.
Although it has a close superficial resemblance to the insect
T here call RAtzotrogus pallens, there are important anatomical
differences in the reduction of the biting parts of the mouth
and the existence of five, instead of three, joints in the an-
tennal club. No other species of Gymnogaster is known.

29 Mr, G. J. Arrow on

Rhizotrogus gravis, Ap.uny wack. 0th. 4.)

Leete flavus, capite fusco-rufo, pronoto (lateribus exceptis), an-
tennis tarsisque rufis; oblongus, nitidus, glaber, pectore pedibus-
que sat longe flavo-hirsutis, capite crebre et rugose punctato,
absque carinis, clypeo parvo, excavato, margine antice recto,
lateraliter fortiter arcuato; pronoto sat crebre et fortiter punc-
tato, linea media fere levi, lateribus medio fortiter dilatatis,
deinde ad angulos fere rectis, his obtusis, margine antico toto
ciliato, postico leviter trisinuato, marginate; scutello parce
punctato; elytris crebre et fortiter punctatis, costa suturali
valida aliisque angustis parum distinctis; pygidio parce haud
fortiter punctato; antennis 10-articulatis, articulis 3-7 regulariter
decrescentibus ; tibize antice dente tertio minutissimo, unguibus
subtus medio dente recto armatis ; mento postice carina V-formi
instructo, antice excavato.

Long. 25-27 mm.; lat. max. 13-15 mm,

N.E. Mauritius: Bassin.

An old specimen of this species in the British Museum
bears the locality ‘ Florida,” for which reason I at first
believed it to have been, like Phytalus smithi, imported into
Mauritius ; but I have failed on enquiry to find any evidence
of its occurrence in America, nor has it by any abnormal
increase shown the usual indication of an introduced insect.

The colour is a bright tawny yellow, paler beneath, with
the pronotum red, except at the sides, and the head very dark
red. |

The male is rather elongate and parallel-sided, the female
shorter and more dilated behind, and both rather shining
(except upon the head, which is densely punctured and
rugose), free from hair upon the upper surface, but with long
and thick yellow pubescence upon the metasternum. The
eyes are large and prominent, the clypeus rather small,
hollowed, with continuous reflexed margin, straight in front
and rounded at the sides. The pronotum is moderately
punctured, with an indefinite longitudinal smooth space in
the middle, with the lateral margins strongly dilated in the
middle and nearly straight from there to the front and hind
angles, which are obtuse. The elytra are closely and evenly
punctured, with a prominent smooth sutural costa of nearly
equal breadth throughout and exceedingly narrow and feeble
vestiges of three or four other coste. ‘lhe pygidium is much
less closely punctured. ‘The uppermost (third) tooth of the
front tibia is very feeble and the claws bear a strong vertical
tooth at the middle of the lower edge. The antenne are
10-jointed, joints 3 to 7 progressively diminishing in length.

a few Melolonthine Coleoptera. 23

The male is much less massive than the female, with the
club of the antenna as long as the footstalk, all the tarsi long
and slender, and the abdomen longitudinally channelled
beneath.

Larvee found feeding at the roots of cane have been sent
to me together with adult females of this species.

Rhizotrogus pallens, sp.n. (Pl. I. fig. 1.)

Pallide flavus, capite fusco-rufo, tarsis pronotique medio plus
minusve rufescentibus ; oblongus, nitidus, glaber, pectore pedi-
busque sat longe flavo-hirsutis, capite fortiter et confluenter
punctato, absque carinis, clypeo excavato, margine reflexo, medio
subtiliter exciso, lateraliter fortiter arcuato ; pronoto ineequaliter,
haud crebre, punctato, lateribus medio fortiter dilatatis, deinde ad
angulos omnes fere rectis, his obtusis, margine antico toto ciliato ;
scutello fere impunctato ; elytris haud fortiter aut dense punc-
tatis, costa suturali angusta; pygidio sparse erecte setoso ; tibia
antica tridentata, unguibus medio dente erecto armatis; mento
postice carina semicirculari instructo.

Long. 23-27 mm.; lat. max. 11-14 mm.

S.E. Mauritius: Ebéne Sugar Estate, near Réduit.

This is closely related to . gravis and has a marked
superficial resemblance to Gymnogaster buphthalmus, BI.,
from which it is easily distinguished by its 3-jointed antennal
club. It is narrower than £2. gravis, paler in colour, and
less strongly and closely punctured upon the pronotum and
elytra. ‘The clypeus is a little larger, feebly sinuated in the
middle of its margin, and the eyes are a little smaller. The
pronotum is rather flat and sparsely punctured, with its sides
still more strongly angulated in the middle and straight from
there to the front and hind angles, which are obtuse. ‘The
scutellum is almost smooth and the elytra are lightly punc-
tured and very shining, with a narrow sutural costa only.
The pygidium bears a. thin clothing of erect hairs, but is
scarcely visibly punctured. The mentum bears a semicircular
(not V-shaped) carina and the uppermost tooth of the front
tibia is more distinct than in 4. gravis. The claws are
similar.

As in the allied species, the male is more slenderly built
than the female, with the abdomen channelled beneath and
the tarsi longer. The club of the antenna is longer than
in the male of A. gravis, and the seventh joint is produced
into a short but distinct lamella.

24 Mr. G. J. Arrow on

Rhizotrogus rufus, sp.n. (PI. I. fig. 2.)

Lete castaneo-rufus, capite obscuriori abdomineque pallide flavo ;
sat late ovatus, nitidus, glaber, pectore dense fulvo-hirsuto ;
capite dense fortiter punctato, fronte rugosa, clypeo parvo, mar-
gine integro, arcuato, reflexo; pronoto crebre et minute punc-
tato, margine laterali crenulato, ante medium angulato, dein ad
angulum anticum et posticum fere recto, hoc fere quadrato, illo
paulo producto; scutello lato, levi; elytris subtiliter parum
eequaliter punctatis, margine suturali costisque discoidalibus
duabus vix perspicuis levioribus ; pygidio subtiliter sat crebre
punctato; pedibus parum gracilibus, tibiis anticis robustis,
3-dentatis, unguibus fortiter arcuatis, medio valde dentatis :

3, clava antennali duplo longiori quam stipitem ; unguorum dente
paulo post medium sito; pygidio leviter convexo:

2, clava antennali quam stipitem multo breviori ; unguorum dente
paulo ante medium sito; pygidio deplanato, apice leviter
porrecto.

Long. 14-16 mm.; lat. max. 9 mm.

Nixerri Hitis: Dodabetta, 8000 ft. (May), Ootacamund
(April).

‘This insect has been sent to me by Mr. T. V. Ramakrishna
Ayyar, who found it in large numbers just beneath the
surface-soil in plantations of cinchona seedlings.

It is moderately short and broad in shape, very smooth
and shining, with the metasternum densely clothed with
rather long tawny hair. ‘The legs are not very long, the
front tibize rather short and armed with three strong but not
sharp teeth, separated by acute notches. The clypeus is
small, very strongly and closely punctured, with the margin
regularly rounded and entire, and the forehead rugose, the
punctures coalescing, carinate at its posterior limit. The
pronotum is broad, not very convex, closely and rather
evenly punctured, with its lateral margins crenulated, angu-
lated in the middle, and nearly straight from there to the
front and hind angles, of which the former is a little produced
and the latter a right angle. The scutellum is broad and
almost unpunctured. The elytra are finely and moderately
closely punctured, with the sutural margins and two indistinct
discoidal coste smoother. The pygidium is also finely and
moderately closely punctured. The antennez are 10-jointed,
joints 3-7 very short and trausverse in the male and 8-10
forming a very long club more than twice as long as the
entire footstalk. In the female joints 3 and 4 are a little
longer than wide and the club is very short. The basal joint

a few Melolonthine Coleoptera. 25°

of the hind tarsus is slightly longer than the following one,
and the claws are strongly curved and toothed in the middle.

The male is easily recognizable by the exceptional length
of the antennal club, and another slight but important diffe-
rence is found in the claws, in which the tooth is placed
nearer to the tip in the male than in the female.

I have used the generic name Lhizotrogus because it is the
oldest of the various names in use for the immense and
almost world-wide series of species to which these three
insects belong, although that name is generally restricted to
species from the Palearctic region. The classification of
these insects is very largely a geographical one at present,
and ‘species from the Oriental region are referred to Holo-
trichia, those from America to Lachnosterna, while those
from the Palearctic, African, and Madagascan areas have
been distributed under very numerous names, some of which
are no doubt well justified, but the maintenance of others
must necessitate the introduction of a very large number of
fresh generic names for the forms yet undescribed and con-
forming to none of the feebly differentiated diagnoses formu-
lated by Brenske, Reitter, and Kolbe. The handling of the
extremely difficult generic problem by artificially limited
geographical groups enables genera to be defined in terms
which are found inapplicable when entire natural groups
come to be investigated. Reitter, for instance, studying
Palearctic forms, has divided the genera of the present group
into two sections according to the situation of the tooth upon
the claws before or behind their middle, one section being
represented by /thizotrogus and the other by AHolotrichia.
As thus defined, the male of the species last described would
be referred to the Holotrichia section and the female to the
Rhizotrogus section. The many forms in which the tooth is
placed precisely in the middle completely bridge the two
groups and render their generic separation impossible.
Pending a general revision, therefore, it seems to me best to
accept only those genera which appear to be exactly defined,
and to regard as a single genus the great mass of species at
present called Rhizotrogus, Holotrichia, or Lachnosterna.

‘T'wo species, not closely related, were described by Water-
house from the island of Rodriguez under the name of
Lachnosterna. L. rodriguezi, Wat., is a very peculiar insect
belonging to no known genus. Unfortunately the two
specimens are in an extremely imperfect state, so that it is
not yet possible to state all its distinctive features; but,

26 Mr. G. J. Arrow on

although its proper systematic position must remain in doubt,
enough can be stated for its ready recognition.

MASCARENA, gen. nov.

Elongate and rather depressed-in shape. Head broad,
with the clypeus extremely short and subacuminate in the
middle. Labrum broad, produced vertically downwards on
each side, the two lobes long and wide apart, the median part
slightly produced. Mandibles strong and exposed. Mentum
excavated externally, deeply excised in front, with the palpi
attached to the outer face. Third and fourth joints of the
antenna equal and moderately short (the remainder wanting).
Legs slender, with the front tibia rather feebly tridentate
and the claws long, toothed before the middle.

The tarsi of the male are very long, the claws longer than
in the female and the tooth much shorter.

The second species from Rodriguez referred by Waterhouse
to Lachnosterna (L. gradaria, Wat.) belongs to the genus
Hoplochelus. This genus is at present in a state of great
confusion. Empecta and Hoplochelus, very distinct as they
are, were mixed together by Blanchard, and, although Brenske
has partly unravelled them, the recent Catalogue of Dalla
Torre has only increased the confusion. The two genera are
easily distinguishable by the different form of the clypeus
and labrum and the occurrence of two teeth upon the front
tibia in Hmpecta, instead of three as in Hoplochelus. The
former genus is allied to Apogonia and the latter to Rhizo-
irogus. The typical species of Hoplochelus is H. rhizo-
trogoides, Bl., and the others known to me are piligera, B1.,
micantipennis, Bl., semirufus, Fairm., and gradaria, Wat.
« Enaria” adusta and albosparsa, of Fairmaire, belong to
Empecta.

Fairmaire has described as Empecta nudiplaga a form
which he distinguishes from H. marginalis, Fairm., by certain
features, all of which, although he was not aware of it, are
merely characters of the female of Hoplochelus micantipennis,
Bl. Both the above names are therefore evidently syno-
nyms of the last. Empecta betanimena, Kunck., attributed
to this species in Alluaud’s Catalogue, is really £Hoplochelus
semirufus, Fairm.

Much of this confusion would have been avoided by the
simple observation of the features distinctive of the sexes.
It appears never to have been noticed that a sparser clothing

a few Melolonthine Coleoptera. 27

and puncturation of the upper surface are characteristic of
the females of both the genera in question. This is especially
striking in the following new species :—

Eimpecta disparilis, sp. n. (Pl. I. fig. 3.)

Nigra, elytris pedibusque rufescentibus, corpore toto squamis
minutis vestito (maris supra dense), elytrorum humeris et
epipleuris scutellique lateribus et linea mediana nudis, pectore
haud dense fulvo-hirsuto; elongato-ovata, capite dense rugoso,
margine antica levissime arcuata, haud excisa ; pronoti lateribus
fortiter bisinuatis, antice valde approximatis, angulis anticis
acute productis, posticis obtusis; pygidio crebre punctato-rugoso
et setoso :

¢, corpore supra toto opaco, densissime flavo-squamoso, pedibusque
omnibus gracilibus :

Q, corpore supra modice nitido, grosse punctato, punctis squami-
feris, pedibus posticis multo brevioribus,

Long. 17-19 mm.; lat. max. 9-10 mm,

MADAGASCAR: Diego Suarez.

The difference between the sexes is very strongly marked,
The male is entirely opaque above and densely clothed with
perfectly uniform yellow scales. The female is more shining,
the pronotum covered with large dense punctures each con-
taining a scale, and the elytra rather coarsely punctured,
each puncture similarly giving rise to a scale, and the punc-
tures of the inner half tending to coalesce transversely. The
posterior half of the pygidium is also more coarsely punctured
and shining in the female, and the hind legs are much
shorter and stouter than in the male.

Lepidiota flavimargo, sp. n.

Fusca, corpore supra et subtus dense albo-squamoso, elytris rufes-
centibus, lateribus pallidioribus, denudatis, squamis nonnullis
minutis parce ornatis ; elongato-ovalis, undique coriaceo-punctata,
elytrorum lateribus exceptis, clypeo haud lato, margine antica
medio lvissime sinuata, prothoracis lateribus serratis, antice
fere rectis, post medium arcuatis, angulis omnibus obtusis, pygidio
postice leviter sulcato, mesosterno medio compresso, vix produeto :

6, tibiis anticis bidentatis, tibiarum posticarum calearibus angustis,
spinosis :

Q, tibiis anticis tridentatis, tibiarum posticarum calcaribus latis-
simis, spatulatis, extremitatibus translucentibus.

Long. 39-52 mm.; lat. max. 20-26 mm,

Brit. N. Borneo: Sandakan (C. V. Creagh, W. B.
Pryer), Sarawak (J. C. Moulton). ;

28: On a few Melolonthine Coleoptera.

This is a species closely related to the very abundant
L. stigma, ¥., of the Malay Peninsula and Java, which is
apparently not found in Borneo. ‘The females of that species
strongly resemble the present insect, but the latter can be at
once distinguished by the sharply defined yellow or reddish
lateral borders of the elytra, almost denuded of scales. The
border occupies about one-eighth of the width of the elytron,
is paler than the remaining surface, smooth and shining,
and bears only a few minute scales, whereas the remaining
surface of the body is closely covered with scales, replaced by
short, close-lying yellowish hairs upon the coxa and the sides
of the metasternum. ‘The scales of the upper surface are
generally pure white, the elytra each showing three more or
less distinct longitudinal lines of scales still more closely
crowded than the rest. Upon the head, the sides of the pro-
notum, and the lower surface of the body the scales are more

yellowish.
- The two sexes, unlike those of ZL. stigma, are alike in colour,
but the female is distinctly larger than the male, its front tibice
are stouter and bear three well-developed teeth instead of two,
and the hind tibiz are dilated at the end and their spurs
broad and spatuliform (much more so than in LZ. stigma), the
extremities dilated, rounded, and translucent.

L. munda, Sharp, has similar bare lateral margins to the
elytra, but is a smaller insect, more tapering in front, and
clothed with yellow scales.

The Dalla Torre Catalogue is entirely wrong in identifying
the European Polyphylla alba of Pallas and Olivier with the
female of ZL. stigma (Melolontha alba, F.).

Leucopholis diffints, Sharp, and lateralis, Brenske, are, I
believe, synonyms of L. nummicudens, Newm. ‘The incon-
spicuous row of hairs upon the median line of the pronotum
seems to occur only in the female (the sex described by
Brenske), and is present in one of the two original specimens
of Newman. Sharp’s two specimens are presumably both
females, but very much abraded, so that the clothing could
not be described. Brenske appears to have believed Penang
to be in Sumatra (Stett. Ent. Zeit. 1896, p. 189).

Another related insect re-named in error is Mucirrus mellyz,
Guér., which, as I have already recorded, is a Malayan form,
not Ceylonese. The elongate palpi, which Brenske believed
to characterize a second species (1. elegans), is a feature of
the male of L. mellyz.

Another redundant name for a sexual form may be noted
here. Moser has described as Hoplia thoracica an insect

a tC tll eee

On Mammals from Lumbo, Mozambique. . 29

from Sarawak, which he compares with the Javan H. auran-
tiaca, Wat. He has overlooked H. aurata, Wat., from
Sarawak, the type of which is a female, whereas his form is
the male of the same species, differing from the female by
opaque red scales replacing the glistening golden scales of
the temale upon the front of the pronotum, the sides of the
elytra and the legs.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE I.

Fig. 1. Rhizotrogus pallens, male and female.
Fig. 2. Rhizotrogus rufus, male and female.

Fig. 3. Empecta disparilis, male and female.
Fig. 4. Rhizotrogus gravis, male and female.

The male of each on the left. All natural size.

IV.—On a small Collection of Mammals from Lumbo,
Mozambique. By OLDFIELD 'J'HOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

THANKS to the generosity of Lord Swaythling, the British
Museum has been enabled to acquire a small collection of
mammals obtained during the recent Hast-African campaign
by Mr. Arthur Loveridge at Lumbo—a place on the main-
land opposite the island of Mozambique, in Portuguese Hast
Africa.

This region has been exceedingly little worked, and, apart
from the specimens collected by Peters at Cabaceira, and.
mentioned in his work on Mozambique, and a few brought
home by Dr. Kirk, almost no mammals from it have come
into the hands of zoolopists.

As a consequence, I have thought it worth while to give a
list of the species obtained by Mr. Loveridge.

1. Crocidura hirta, Peters.
S230.

This shrew is in changing pelage, and gives a_ striking
example of the peculiar colour-changes described in Mr. Doll-
man’s Monograph * as occurring in the species.

* Ann, & Mag, Nat. Hist. (8) xvi. p. 71 (1915).

30 Mr. O. Thomas on

2. Petrodromus (Mesoctenus) rovume, Thos.

dg. 206, 207, 208, 214, 220; 9. 209, 210, 211, 212, 215,
216, 219, 221, 222, 223. 994, 225, 226.

This fine series of a species hitherto very insufficiently
represented is of particular importance, as some doubt
appeared possible in regard to the relation of the thickened
tail-bristles to the age of the individual—a point on which its
distinction as representing a special subgenus mainly depended.
For it might have proved that in old age the bristles of this
species became as knobby as they are in the subgenus Cerco-
ctenus. Now, however, I am able to record that not in the
oldest specimens do the bristles become like those of P. sultan,
the type of Cercoctenus, while, on the other hand, every
individual that has its permanent teeth in place has some
thickened bristles present, none occurring in true restricted
Petrodromus. Certainly the bristles do increase in number
and knobbiness with age, but they never equal those of
Cerecetenus. The bristles of the males also seem to become
in old age more knobby than those of the females.

The palatal vacuities are in most cases of considerable size,
but in scme individuals are almost completely absent, so that
there is no absolute constancy in the character, although it.
has undoubtedly a certain average value.

It was largely on this character that I separated mossam-
bicus of Cabaceira from rovwme of the Rovuma River; but->
it now appears that the character is not to be trusted when
ouly individual specimens are available.

As to the other character of mossamlicus (the slaty grey on
the belly-hairs) there is in this series a most surprising and
abnormal range. of variation—from none at all to cases where
each hair is broadly slaty at base. In consequence, I think
that the name mossambicus should be withdrawn and all of
these southern forms of J/esoctenus should be referred to
rovume. It is, of course, still possible that a subspecific
difference in colour may prove to exist when good Rovuma
skins are available, but for the present the name rovume
should be used for all.

3. Mungos mossambicus, Matsch.
dg. 204, 235; 2. 205.

Practically topotypes, the name having been based on a
specimen obtained by Peters at Cabaceira.

Mammals from Lumbo, Mozambique. 31

4. Helogale ivori, sp. n.

S. 227, 228; ¢. 200, 229, 233, 234.

A buffy species, resembling H. victorina in colour, but
H. brunnula in its comparatively small size.

Size small, skull not or barely reaching 50 mm. in length.
General colour very uniform buffy—that is to say, the body
is so buffy that the limbs and tail are less contrasted with it
than usual. Back nearest to “ cinnamon-buff,” the usual fine
brown and whitish ticking of the hairs modifying it less than
in other species. Under surface strong ochraceous tawny.
Muzzle and cheeks more tawny. Crown slightly greyer and
rump a little more ochraceous than back, but these contrasts
are very markedly less conspicuous than in the Mweru
H. varia. Limbs ochraceous tawny. Tail rather shorter
than in other species, grizzled buffy above, strong ochraceous-
tawny below.

Skull small, about as in H. brunnula, markedly smaller
than in the Central and LEast-African forms victorina,
rufula, &e.

Dimensions of male and female (the first the type) :-—

Head and body 242, 210 mm.; tail 145, 140; hind foot
43, 40; ear 20), 20.

Skull: median length 49°8, 49°3; condylo-basal length
49-3, 49°2; zygomatic breadth 28-3, 27:2 ; interorbital breadth
10°3, 9°8; palatal length 24:2, 243; maxillary tooth-row
ser ee br

Type. Adult male, Original number 228. Killed 22nd
October, 1918.

This species is conspicuously more buffy and less rufous
than Peters’s AH. undulata, which was described from Mos-
simboa, some distance further northward. It hasa superficial
resemblance to the Uganda form H. victorina, but is smaller,
more uniform in colour, and the tail is decidedly shorter.
‘The Mweru species H. varia, which seems to have as short a
tail, is larger, and has an unusually dark grey crown and
more strongly buffy rump, both contrasting with the dorsal
colour more than in HZ. tvori.

Named after the Hon. Ivor Montagu, to whose interest in
small mammals the donation of the specimens is mainly due.

5. Paraxerus flavivittis mossambicus, subsp. n.

_ 9. 202. Lumbo, Ist September, 1918. Type.
Median dorsal area a mixture of blackish and buffy, which

32 Mr. O. Thomas on

results in a general colour something between ‘ olive-brown ”
and “ Chetura drab,” therefore very different from the
“ ferrugineus ” and ‘‘rostbraun” of Peters’s description of
flavivittis, Under surface white, with a faint tinge of buffy
on the belly ; the hairs white to their bases; line of demar-
cation on sides not sharply defined. Colour of lateral light
stripes practically white or ivory-colour, not “ flavidus’’ or
“hell-gelb ” as in true flavivittis. Dark line below them like
the middle back above them. ‘Top of muzzle grizzled ochra-
ceous. Crown and nape dark grey, without buffy or fulvous
intermixture. Facial lines well defined, alternately dark
brown and white. Shoulders ochraceous, the withers between
them also more tinged with this colour than the main dorsal
area. Ears whitish buffy. Front of fore limbs and top of
hands ochraceous; inner side of limb whitish. Outer side of
hips greyish buffy, top of hind feet strong buffy. Tail-hairs
ringed with black and pale buffy, their tips broadly buffy,
those of the terminal hairs stronger buffy ; middle line of
under surface ochraceous.

Skull apparently as in flavivittis, though the nasals are
considerably broader behind than in Peters’s figure.

Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :—

Head and body 175 mm.; tail 175 ; hind foot 40; ear 18.

Skull: greatest length 41; condylo-incisive length 37 ;
zygomatic breadth 24 ; nasals, length 12°3, posterior breadth
7°5 ; upper tooth-series 8.

Hab. and type as above.

In his description of P. flavivittis Peters mentioned two
localities for the species—Mossimboa, on the coast, about 11°
S., and Cabaceira, near Mozambique,—the second being
almost exactly the present locality. But the differences in
colour from his description and figure shown by Mr. Love-
ridge’s specimen are so material that there are evidently two
subspecies of the animal, and it is obvious that the first-
named place—Mossimboa—should be taken as the type-
locality.

Judging by a specimen from still further north which has
been hitherto taken as P. flavivittis, the back of that animal
is probably a strong fulvous ochraceous, very different from
the dark brownish of P. f. mossambicus.

This specimen is a peculiarly welcome accession to the
Museum collections, as P. flavivittis was one of the only two
species which I was not able to allocate to their restricted
genera when dividing the African squirrels in 1909*,

* Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) iii. p. 475 (1909).

Mammals from Lumbo, Mozambique. 33

Mr. Loveridge’s example now shows that it is unquestionably
a typical Paraxerus.

Within that genus it renders verbally incorrect my
statement, when describing Tamiscus*, that the species of
Paraxerus, as there restricted, were ‘‘ of uniform colour, or at
most with an indistinct whitish line down each side of the
back,” for the light lines of P. flavivitiis are exceedingly
conspicuous, and anything but indistinct. But none the less
the striping is quite unlike that in the black-striped Tamiscus,
and is only an intensification of the indistinct whitish lines
referred to.

6. Taterona sp.
3d. 199.

Not determinable on a single specimen.

7. Steatomys loveridgei, sp. n.

&. 201. Ast October, 1918. Type.

A small pale-coloured species with slender teeth.

Hairs of back little over 6 mm. in length. Colour very
much paler than in other species, the dorsal area near wood-
brown, the tips of the hairs pale avellaneous. Sides markedly
paler, the hairs with a whitish zone below the pale avellaneous
tips. Underside pure sharply defined white. Crown like
back; cheeks lighter, like flanks. ars large, a distinct
white patch behind and below their posterior base. Fore
limbs wholly white. Hind limbs white, with a narrow line
of the flank colour running down to the ankle. ‘T'ail white,
slightly darkened on the upper surface by the presence of a
few barely perceptible blackish hairs; its end quite white.

Skull, as compared with that of S. pratensis, much smaller,
narrower, and with very small brain-case. Molars decidedly
smaller and more slender.

Dimensions of the type :—

Head and body 77 mm.; tail 35; hind foot 15; ear 18.

Skull: greatest length 22°5; condylo-incisive length 20°83 ;
zygomatic breadth 10°5 ; nasals 9 ; interorbital breadth 3°6 ;
breadth of brain-case 10 ; palatilar length 10; palatal fora-
mina 5°2; upper molar series 3°4 ; breadth of m! 1:1.

This little “ fat-mouse ” is much smaller than S. pratensis,
and is probably most nearly allied to the S. menutus of
Angola. But its molars are more slender than in the latter,
with the anterior lamina of m* more elongate, and externally

* Ann, & Mag. Nat, Hist. (9) 1. p. 83 (1918).
Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol, iv. 3

34 Mr. G. A. Boulenger on the

it is distinguishable by its paler colour, larger ears, and
practically white tail.

In naming it after Mr. Loveridge I wish to bear testimony
to the enthusiasm which resulted in the preparation of a small
mammal collection during the difficulties incidental to a
trying campaign.

8. Grammomys sp.
Ou, 98:
This specimen has unfortunately lost its bulla, so that its

determination is doubtful ; but it is probably referable to
(7. surdaster, Thos. & Wr.

V.—A List of the Freshwater Fishes of Sierra Leone.
By G. A. Boutencer, F.R.S.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

WHEN describing some new fishes discovered by Mr. N. W.
Thomas in these ‘ Annals’ in 1915 (ser. 8, vol. xv. p. 202), I
observed that the exploration of the freshwater fauna of
Sierra Leone had not received much attention, and that the
number of species of fishes with which I was then acquainted
amounted only to eighteen. Thanks to further collections
made shortly after by Mr. Thomas and quite recently by
Mr. A. F. Wingate, the number has now risen to fifty-eight,

and it is of interest to give a list of all the species which can
now be recorded :—

Polypteridz.
Polypterus palmas, Ayres.
Lepidosirenide.
Protopterus annectens, Ow.
Mormyrida.

Petrocephalus simus, Sauy.
Isichthys henryi, Gill.
Marcusenius brachistius, Gill.
Gnathonenwus mento, Bley.
thomasi, Blgr.

Freshwater Fishes of Sierra Leone.

Notopterida.
Notopterus afer, Gthr.
Xenomystus nigri, Gthr.
Clupeide.
Pellonula leonensis, Bley.
Characinide.

Sarcodaces odoé, Bl.

Alestes longipinnis, Gthr,
nurse, Riipp.

rutilus, Blgy.
macrolepidotus, OC. & V.
Nannocharax fasciatus, Gthr.
ansorgw, Bley.

Cyprinide,
Labeo obscurus, Pellegr.
Barbus spurrelli, Blgr.
leonensis, Bley.
Barilius steindachnert, Bley.
Siluridz.

Clarias liberiensis, Stdr.
Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus, Lacep.
walkert, Gthr.

Auchenoglanis occidentalis, C. & V.
Noteglandium thomasi, Bley.
Liauchenoglanis maculatus, Blgr.
Malopterurus electricus, Gm.

Cyprinodontidz.

Fundulus sjoestedti, Lonnhb.
Haplochilus fasciolatus, Gthr.
chaperi, Sauy.
spilauchen, A. Dum,
macrurus, Bley.

—— bifasciatus, Stdr.
annulatus, Bley.

Scorpidida.
Psettus sebe, C. & V.
Gerridz.
Gerres melanopterus, Blky.
Cichlide.,

Tilapia caudomarginata, Blgr.
macrocephala, Blir.
melanopleura, A. Dum.

36 Mr. R. E. Turner on the

Tilapia brevimanus, Bley.
buettikofert, Hubr.
Paratilapia thomast, Blegr.
Pelmatochromis jentinki, Stdy.
intermedius, Bley.
buettikofert, Stdy.

— humilis, Bler.

puicher, Blgr.
Hemichromis fasciatus, Peters.
bimaculatus, Gill.

Gobiide.
Eleotris lebretoni, Stdr.
leonensis, Blgr.
vittata, A. Dum.
Gobius maindroni, Sauv.
guineensis, Peters.
Anahantide.
Anabas kingsleye, Gthr.
Ophiocephalida.
Ophiocephalus obscurus, Gthr.
Mastacembelida.

Mastacembelus loennbergii, Blgr.

Vi.—WNotes on the Ichneumonide in the British Museum.—LI.
By Row anp KE. TurRNER, F.Z.S., F.E.S.

Tribe ACG NITINIL
Chorischizus apicipennis, sp. ne

©. Castaneo-ferruginea; lobo mediano mesonoti apice, scutello
basi, segmento mediano basi late, abdomine, valvulisque terebree
nigris; tergitis primo secundoque fascia angusta mediana apicali,
tergitis tertio, quarto, quintoque fascia interrupta apicali, post-
scutelloque apice angustissime flavis ; antennis in medio tarsisque
posticis infuscatis; alis hyalinis, anticis macula magna apicali
fusca, venis nigris.

Long. 10 mm. ; terebre long. 4 mm.; antennarum long. 6 mm.

Q@. Antenne 28-jointed ; third joint nearly twice as long
as the fourth; the apical joint large, as long as the two

Ichneumonidee in the British Museum. 37

penultimate joints combined. Mandibles bidentate at the
apex ; clypeus broadly truncate at the apex, closely punc-
tured; face closely and finely punctured, slightly raised
longitudinally in the middle and on the inner orbits. Eyes
parallel on the face, separated from the mandibles by a
distance distinctly exceeding the breadth of the mandibles at
their base. Front deeply concave in the middle, smooth and
shining, with a median carina reaching the anterior ocellus,
finely punctured along the inner orbits. Vertex shining,
very sparsely punctured, the head transverse, scarcely nar-
rowed behind the eyes. Notauli deep; mesonotum shining,
with a few fine scattered punctures, more closely punctured
on the middle of the median lobe; mesopleure tinely and
rather sparsely punctured ; scutellum smooth and shining,
with a deep, transverse, longitudinally striated groove at the
base; postscutellum strongly concave laterally. Median
segment short; areola rectangular, nearly twice as broad as
long, external areas well defined ; the apical slope of the
segment oblique, shining and almost smooth, with three
rather strong arched stria at the base; spiracles large, ellip-
tical. Abdomen smooth and shining ; first segment broadened
from the base, at least twice as long as its apical breadth ;
second segment at least twice as broad at the apex as long.
Radial cell at the apex further from the stigma than from the
apex of the wing; second recurrent nervure received well
beyond the transverse cubital nervure; nervulus prefurcal ;
disco-cubital nervure with a distinct ramellus; nervellus
intercepted close to the middle. Hind legs long and stout ;
coxe sparsely, femora closely punctured ; hind metatarsus a
little shorter than the four apical tarsal joints combined ;
tarsal ungues very large. Hypopygium lanceolate, produced
beyond the apex of the abdomen.

flab. Yallingup,S8.W. Australia; November 1913 (Turner).
iy.

This differs structurally from the European Phenolobus
arator, Rossi, in the presence of a ramellus on the fore wing
and in sculpture, but can hardly be separated generically.

Subfamily Opzronrvz.

Tribe CAMPOPLEGINI.

Campoplea negatus, sp. n.

Q@. Nigra; mandibulis, apice excepto, palpis, tegulis, coxisque

38 Mr. R. E. Turner on the

trochanteribusque anticis flavis; pedibus anticis, coxis tro-
chanteribusque exceptis, intermediisque, coxis exceptis, ochra-
ceis; abdomine, supra spe nigrolineato, pedibusque posticis,
coxis trochanteribusque exceptis, brunneo-ferrugineis ; alis sub-
hyalinis, iridescentibus, venis fusco-ferrugineis ; terebre valvulis
nigris.

g. Femine similis; trochanteribus posticis brunneo-ferrugineis,
basi nigris.

Long., 9 15 mm., ¢ 12 mm.

¢. Antenne 60-jointed, scarcely longer than the abdomen,
third joint a little less than twice as long as the fourth.
Mandibles broad, bidentate at the apex, the upper tooth
longer than the lower. Face and clypeus finely punctured-
granulate, sparsely covered with white pubescence. Eyes
separated from the mandibles by a distance less than half the
breadth of the mandibles at the base; front and vertex very
finely and closely punctured-granulate. Thorax very closely
and finely punctured ; notauli well marked in front, becoming
obsolete posteriorly. Median segment transversely rugulose,
very shallowly longitudinally impressed from base to apex;
the external areas well defined apically, but not laterally ;
spiracles large, elongate. First tergite distinctly swollen at
the apex, more than half as long again as the second. Hind
calearia less than half as long as the metatarsus. Areolet
somewhat variable in shape, sometimes pointed on the radius,
sometimes showing a distinct radial margin, the cubital
margin with a distinct angle in the middle at the point of
reception of the second recurrent nervure. Nervulus rather
strongly postfurcal. Discoidella almost obsolete, nervellus
straight.

Hab. Mt. Wellington, 8. Tasmania, 2300 ft., January 15-
February 6, 1913 (Zurner),4 9 2,1 ¢. EHaglehawk Neck,
S.E. ‘Tasmania, February 1913 (Turner), 1 2. Victoria
(C. French), 19,1. Hobart (J. J. Walker), 12.

Campoplex extraneus, sp. 0.

3. Very close to C. negatus described above, but differs
in colour, the scape being fusco-ferruginous and the inter-
mediate and hind coxee ferruginous brown. ‘The areolet is
distinctly but very shortly petiolate.

Length 10-11 mm.

Antenne 52-jvinted, as long as the whole insect.

Hab. Yallingup, S.W. Australia; October (Turner).
236.

Ichneumonidee in the British Museum. 39

Subfamily Cryerrvz.
Tribe MESOSTENINI.
Buodias gilberti, sp. n.

Q. Nigra; pedibus testaceis, posticis femoribus tibiisque apice
nigris ; tarsis posticis flavidulis, articulo apicali nigro; palpis
flavidulis; antennis 34-articulatis, articulis 7-14 albidis; alis
hyalinis, stigmate venisque nigris.

Long. 14 mm.; terebre long. 5 mm.; antennarum long. 12 mm.

?. Clypeus closely and rather finely pnnctured; face
sparsely punctured on the sides, punctured-rugose in the
middle; front concave, smooth and shining between and
above the antenne, finely transversely rugulose below the
anterior ocellus, with a distinct longitudinal carina, the sides
sparsely punctured, Vertex very finely and sparsely punc-
tured. Antenne filiform; the third, fourth, and fifth joints
subequal, each nearly twice as long as the scape. Meso-
notum closely and not very finely punctured, parapsidal
furrows deep; scutellum convex and almost smooth in the
middle, the sides coarsely obliquely striated. Median segment
with a transverse carina, deeply emarginate posteriorly before
the middle, the base of the segment before the carina finely
rugulose, with a small basal area which is strongly narrowed
towards the apex ; spiracles rather small, oblong, the trans-
verse carina curved below them and running to the base of
the segment, thus forming a large enclosed area on each side;
beyond the carina the segment is coarsely obliquely rugose-
striate, with an almost obsolete strongly arched apical carina,
the apical angles produced into a short, blunt, subtriangular
Spine; the posterior slope coarsely transversely rugose-
striate and slightly concave, the dorsal surface broader than
long. First tergite as long as the hind coxe plus two-thirds
of the first joint of the hind trochanters, the basal half forming
a slender petiole; second tergite about one-third longer than
its apical breadth, finely and rather closely punctured ; third
tergite broader than long, slightly narrowed to the apex and
minutely and closely punctured, as also are the remaining
tergites. Areolet small, four-sided, the first transverse
cubital nervure very short, only half as long as the second ;
recurrent nervure received close to the apex of the areolet.

Hab. Mackay, Queensland (Turner). 2 2? 9.

Very near the Solomon Island species Mesostenus insularis,
Cam., but differs in the black apices of the hind femora and

Ai) Mr. R. E. Turner on the

tibia, in the paler hind tarsi, and in the distinctly longer
second tergite. The terebra 1s also distinctly longer than in
insularis. Also, but more distantly, related to B. unicolor,
Turn., from New Caledonia. Aithough faint indications of a
second transverse carina are present on the median segment
of this species, I consider it is better placed in Buodias than
in Mesostenus. But Cameron’s genera in the Cryptine are
often founded on small characters of doubtful value, and
Buodias may lave to sink as a synonym of Mesostenoideus.

Xanthocryptus monticolus, sp. n.

©. Fulvo-ferruginea; clypeo, labro, fronte fascia mediana longitu-
dinali supra dilatata, orbitis internis, orbitis externis latissime,
genis, pronoto linea ante alas, mesopleuris macula elevata infra
alas, scutello linea obliqua utrinque, lineaque apicali, antennis
articulis 7-11, tarsisque posticis articulo primo apice, secundo,
tertio, quartoque basi albo-flavidis; capite, antennis, valvulis
terebre, tarsisque posticis articulis primo, quintoque nigris; alis
hyalinis, venis nigris.

Long. 15 mm.; terebre long. 7 mm.; antennarum long. 13 mm.

g. Antenne 25-jointed, joints 8-5 very long and slender,
each more than twice as long as the sixth joint, all the joints
longer than broad. Mandibles strong, bidentate at the apex,
the outer tooth the longest. Labrum exposed, rounded at
the apex ; clypeus very broadly rounded at the apex, with a
minute tubercle in the middle of the apical margin. Eyes
very feebly converging towards the clypeus, the mandibles
separated from the eyes by a distance about equal to their
own basal breadth. Face and clypeus finely and not very
closely punctured ; the face less than twice as Jong as the
clypeus. Front and vertex microscopically punctured, the
front feebly concave. Thorax minutely punctured, notauli
deep and smooth; secutellum not much raised, strongly
narrowed to the apex, with a smooth transverse depression at
the base; mesopleure finely striolate, smooth and shining
posterioly. Median segment minutely punctured at the base,
with a transverse carina arched in the middle and another
transverse carina at the base of the posterior slope, the space
between the caring very coarsely obliquely striated, the poste-
rior slope less coarsely obliquely striated; the dorsal surface
twiee as broad as long, without spines at the angles ; the sides
of the segment finely punctured ; spiracles large, elongate-
ovate. Abdomen very finely shagreened ; first segment very
narrow at the base, the spiracles situated behind the middle,

Ichneumonide tn the British Museum. 41

much nearer to each other than to the apex of the segment,
behind the spiracles the segment broadens rapidly to the
apex ; second segment a little longer than its apical breadth ;
third twice as broad as long; hypopygium short, not reaching
the apex of the abdomen. Hind legs long and rather stout;
hind metatarsus as long as the four apical tarsal joints com-
bined ; ungues large, simple. Areolet very small, rectangular,
a little longer than high; the second transverse cubital °
nervure not developed, but represented by a faint cloud;
nervulus prefurcal ; nervellus intercepted just below the
middle.

Hab. Mt. Wellington, Tasmania ; January 1913 ( Turner).
eS

This genus was founded by Cameron in 1901 for a species
from New Britain, and later he added species from New
Guinea and the Solomons. From these the present species
differs in details of colour and sculpture and in the presence
of an apical carina on the dorsal surface of the median seg-
ment. I have never taken a species of this genus in Australia,
but apparently Aesostenus physoscelus, Brullé, described from.
Australia, should be placed here. I think Cameron was
probably correct in placing this genus in the Mesostenini,
though it is somewhat aberrant.

Tribe HEMITELINI.

Camptolyne froggatti, sp. n,

Q. Ferruginea; capite, segmentisque abdominalibus quinto sequenti-
busque nigris, quarto etiam plerumque nigro; tergitis apice
pallide flavo-marginatis ; antennis brunneo- ferrugineis, apice
nigris ; femoribus posticis apice, tibiis posticis, basi albo-annu-
latis, tarsis posticis valvulisque terebre nigris; alis hyalinis,
anticis posticisque ante apicem latissime fusco-fasciatis, venis
nigris, stigmate nigro, basi flavo-maculato.

3. Femine similis ; mesonoto, scutelloque lateribus fuscis ; tergito
tertio nigro, apice late albido-marginato, angulis apicalibus in
dente fortiter productis ; tergitis quarto sequentibusque albidis,
lateribus nigro-maculatis.

Long., 2 6°5, ¢ 5mm.

?. Head transverse, narrowed behind the eyes; front and
vertex very closely punctured-rugulose. Antenne nearly as
long as the whole insect ; the third and fourth joints equal in
length, each almost twice as long as the scape. Mesonotum
irregularly rugulose, transversely and with interspersed

“42 Mr. R. E. Turner on the

punctures anteriorly, obliquely and more coarsely posteriorly ;
the notauli distinct, meeting each other beyond the middle of
the seement, which is feebly depressed in the middle poste-
riorly. Scutellum longitudinally rugose-striate ; with a deep
transverse depression at the base, in which are several longi-
tudinal carine ; the sides of the scutellum with marginal
carine, the apex narrowly rounded. Median segment short,
* rugose, with a transverse carina at the apex, the areas
obliterated by the coarse sculpture, the sides of the segment
clothed with pale hairs. Abdomen coarsely longitudinally
striated ; first tergite subsessile, a little longer than its apical
breadth ; the spiracles situated near the middle of the lateral
margins, a curved carina connecting them ; second tergite
broadly transversely depressed before the apex, nearly twice
as broad as long; third tergite more shallowly transversely
depressed behind the middle, as long as the second segment ;
the apical segments small. Terebra very short, the valvule
projecting very little beyond the apex of the abdomen.
Second transverse cubital nervure missing ; nervulus a little
-prefurcal. Nervellus elbowed and intercepted just below the
middle.

Hab. Moree, New South Wales, February—April (F’rog-
gatt); 2 9 9%. Mackay, Queensland, October—May (Turner) ;
1,429. Hermannsburg, Central Australia (Hl. J.
Liber); a2.

The genus was founded by Cameron in 1911 for three
species from Ceylon and India, which are closely related to
the Australian species. The spines on the male abdomen are
on the third tergite in this species, not on the fourth, as stated
by Cameron in the description of his species.

Camptolyna ruficornis, sp. n.

®. Nigra; mandibulis, palpis tegulisque flavis; antennis, seg-
mentis abdominalibus tribus basalibus pedibusque rufo-testaceis ;
alis hyalinis, venis fuscis, anticis fascia fusca sub stigmate venam
recurrentem non superante, stigmate dimidio basali flavo.

Long. 6 mm.

9. Antenne 27-jointed; the basal joints long, the third
and fourth each nearly twice as long as the scape. Face very
finely and closely punctured, convex in the middle ; front
and vertex finely punctured-rugulose. Mesonotum closely
obliquely striate, the median lobe deeply separated from the
lateral and extending nearly to the posterior margin, with a
narrow, impressed, longitudinal line. Scutellum iregularly

Ichneumonids: in the British Aluseum. 43

rugose-striate longitudinally, with distinct lateral carine.
Median segment short, rugulose, with a small basal area
which is narrowed towards the apex ; the apical carina forms
part of an arched carina which is continued in the lateral
carine of the posterior slope ; spiracles small and rounded.
First tergite a little longer than its apical breadth, subsessile,
longitudinally striated, with a curved groove joining the two
spiracles, which are as far from the apex of the segment as
from each other. Second tergite nearly twice as broad at the
apex as long, granulate, with a coarsely longitudinally striated
groove before the apex ; third tergite coarsely granulate at
the base, with a broad curved groove beyond the middle, the
segment beyond the groove closely longitudinally striated ;
fourth tergite delicately longitudinally striated; fifth and
sixth tergites shining, finely punctured ; apical segment
whitish and smooth. Valvulse projecting about 1 mm. beyond
the apex of the abdomen. Transverse cubital nervure very
short; nervulus slightly pre-fureal. The fuscous band of the
fore wing is much narrower than in C. froggatti, and reaches
from the middle of the stigma to the middle of radial cell,
and thence crosses the wing, not quite reaching the lower
margin.

Hab. Mackay, Queensland; September, March, and April
(Turner) 9 5°99.

In a specimen from Moree, New South Wales, taken by
Froggatt in March 1918 the fuscous band of the fore wing is
almost entirely obliterated.

Subfamily Tryeuxoniwz.
Tribe THYMARINI.
Gidemopsis hobartensis, sp. n.

@. Nigra; capite, thorace, postscutello excepto, pedibusque anticis
rufis; antennis 34-articulatis, nigris, articulis 17-18 albis;
abdomine subtus albido-variegato, tergitis 3~7 apice anguste albo-
marginatis; alis subhyalinis, iridescentibus, venis nigris, stigmate
fusco-ferrugineo.

3. Femine similis.

Long. 6 mm.; terebre long. 1 mm.; ¢, long. 6-7 mm.

9. Head subglobose; eyes almost parallel on the inner
margins, sparsely covered with short hairs. Antennee filiform,
distinctly shorter than the whole insect ; front finely and
closely punctured. Clypeus very large, divided into two
portions by an arched carina, which is intercepted in the

dt Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera.

middle by a small semicircular depression, the basal portion
porrect, the apical portion strongly deflexed ; mandibles
bidentate at the apex, the upper tooth the longest. Thorax
minutely punctured, the notauli deep and finely crenulate ;
scutellum with a rather shallow, transverse, closely longitu-
dinally striated groove at the base. Median segment coarsely
rugose ; areola rather ill-defined, long and narrow; petiolar
area short. Abdomen elongate, narrow; the three basal
segments longer than broad and punctured-rugulose ; the
first tergite longitudinally striated at the base, more than
three times as long as its apical breadth; second tergite twice
as long as its apical breadth ; apical tergites shining, minutely
punctured. Neuration not differing from typical Gdemopsis.

&. Antenne a little longer than the whole insect, with
two or three more joints than in the female, and without a
white ring. First tergite more coarsely striated than in the
female. Clypeus nearly flat, as long as the face, not divided
by a carina.

Hab. Eaglehawk Neck, 8.E. Tasmania, February 1913
(Turner); 192. Mt. Wellington, Tasmania, March 12-21,
1913 (Turner); 2 3¢.

This is the first record of this small genus from the Aus-
tralian region. I follow Thomson in placing the genus in
the Tryphoninz, though some authors consider that it is
better placed among the Pimpline. Morley’s amendment of
the generic name to dematopsis appears to me unnecessary. —

Vil.—WNotes on Fossorial Hymenoptera—XXXVIII. On
new Ethiopian Species. By Rowuanp E. TuRNER, F.Z.S.,
F.E.S. ;

Family Scoliide.
Subfamily Hzrprvz.

Elis (Mesa) fusiformis, sp. n.

3g. Niger; mandibulis apice fusco-ferrugineis; segmento abdo-
minali septimo, tergitoque sexto apice ferrugineis ; femoribus,
tibiis tarsisque brunneo-ferrugineis ; tergitis 2-5 fascia apicali
bisinuata, sternitisque 2-4 macula parva apicali utrinque sordide
luteis ; alis hyalinis, venis fuscis.

Long. 10 mm.

Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. 45

3. Clypeus short and broad, very broadly rounded at the
apex, closely punctured-rugulose and clothed with whitish
hairs. Head closely and strongly punctured, the front rugose,
interantennal prominence strongly raised, broad and emar-
ginate at the apex. Antennee moderately stout, about 7mm.
in length, third and fourth joints of the flagellum subequal,
each at least half as long again as the second, the first almost
concealed, the four subapical joints feebly arcuate beneath.
Kyes shallowly emarginate on the middle of the inner margin.
Thorax closely and not very coarsely punctured ; pronotum
as long asthe scutellum, feebly narrowed anteriorly. Median
segment very closely and rather strongly punctured-rugose,
the whole thorax and median segment clothed with whitish
hairs, very sparsely on the dorsal surface, more closely on
the sides. Abdomen shallowly, but not very finely punc-
tured ; the petiole of the first segment half as long as its
strongly broadened apical portion, second segment as long as
the first without the petiole, nearly twice as broad at the apex
as at the base, the third segment the broadest. Seventh
tergite longitudinally striated, the apex smooth, with a deep
but very narrow apical siit ; hypopygium forming the usual
recurved aculeus, but shorter than in most species of the
genus. Hind tibiee serrate. bird abscissa of the radius a
little longer than the second, much longer than the fourth.

Hab. Kraaitontein, Cape Colony (Lightfoot).

‘l'ype in the South African Museum.

A rather aberrant species in the fusiform shape of the
abdomen, and in the sculpture and apical slit of the seventh
tergite.

Family Sphegide.
Subfamily Amwpozrrerv2.
Ampulex toroensis, sp. n.

@. Viridi-ceerulea ; mandibulis, palpis, flagello articulis 3-11,
secundoque apice, tarsisque articulis duobus apicalibus nigris ;
alis fusco-hyalinis, fusco obscure bifasciatis.

3. Femine similis, antennis tarsisque omnino nigris,

Long., 2 20 mm., g 13 mm.

9. Carina of the clypeus produced into a short blunt tooth
at the apex, with a blunt tooth on each side. Head produced
and strongly narrowed behind the eyes; the frontal caring
prominent, not nearly reaching the level of the anterior
ocellus ; vertex coarsely punctured, with distinct transverse

46 Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossortal Hymenoptera.

strize posteriorly ; front rather less coarsely punctured, the
area between the frontal carinze with a tendency to oblique
striation. Second joint of the flagellum twice as long as the
third, the latter less than three times as long as its apical
breadth. Eyes strongly convergent towards the vertex,
where they are separated by a distance equal to about three-
quarters of the length of the second joint of the flagellum.
Pronotum nearly as broad in the middle as long, produced
posteriorly into a strong tubercle, transversely stiiated in
the middle, smooth at the base and apex, not punctured,
propleuree smooth. Mesonotum sparsely, scutellum very
sparsely, mesopleuree rather more closely punctured, the
scutellum with the usual transverse crenulated groove at the
base. Median segment transversely striated, the second
carina nearly twice as far from the median carina as from the
third at the base, the apical area of the dorsal surface not well
defined, the teeth at the apical angles strong and subtriangular.
Abdomen smooth and shining, second tergite as long as its
greatest breadth. Fourth tarsal joint half as long as the fifth
and fully as long as the third in the middle ; hind tibiz very
sparsely punctured. Fourth abscissa of the radius about half
as long as the second transverse cubital nervure, first trans-
verse cubital nervure indicated, but subobsolete.

3. Clypeus broadly rounded at the apex, without teeth,
and rather densely clothed with grey hairs. Head coarsely
punctured, the frontal caring produced posteriorly and meeting
behind the anterior ocellus, the space between them with
distinct oblique strize and a median longitudinal carina.
Second joint of flagellum more than half as long again as the
third ; eyes less strongly convergent towards the vertex than
in the female, separated by a distance scarcely less than the
length of the second joint of the flagellum. Thorax rather
more closely punctured than in the female, the pronotum with
distinct punctures. Abdomen closely and strongly punctured ;
the third tergite sparsely clothed with cinereous hairs.

Hab. Fort Portal Road, Mbarara, Southern Toro, Uganda
Protectorate, 2800-4200 ft., October 22-24, 1911 (S. A.
Neave); 19. Tigger, Uganda, October 3, 1901 (C. S.
Betton); 16.

Somewhat resembles A. crawshay?, 'Turn., but in that
species (2) the mandibles are red, the wings almost hyaline,
the head not produced posteriorly and scarcely narrowed
behind the eyes ; the frontal carinee meet behind the anterior
ocellus, and the front tarsal joint is shorter, in addition to
other differences. The female is the type.

Type in British Museum.

Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. 47:

Ampulex cyanura, Kohl.
Ampulex cyanura, Kohl, Ann, naturh. Hofmus. Wien, viii. p. 471
(1893). 9.
Ampulex africana, Cam, Rec, Albany Mus, i. p. 256 (1905). ¢.

Ampulex nitidicollis, sp. n.

@. Viridis; mandibulis, flagello articulis 3-11 secundoque dimidio
apicali, tarsisque, articulo basali excepto, nigris; alis fusco-
hyalinis, fusco obscure bivittatis.

Long. 19 mm,

2. Clypeus broadly rounded anteriorly, strongly longitu-
dinally carinate in the middle, without Jateral teeth. Eyes
strongly convergent towards the vertex, where they are sepa-
rated by a distance scarcely exceeding three-quarters of the
length of the second joint of the flagellum. Head not pro-
duced behind the eyes and not much narrowed posteriorly,
very minutely and closely punctured, with a few larger but
shallow scattered punctures ; the two frontal carine parallel
and not nearly reaching the level of the anterior ocellus.
Pronotum fully as long as its median breadth, narrowed
anteriorly, without strie, with a few scattered punctures,
depressed and subconcave anteriorly, raised and subtubercu-
Jate in the middle posteriorly, without a distinct median
sulcus. Mesonotum and scutellum very sparsely punctured.
Median segment nearly as long as its median breadth, strongly
transversely striated, the striz closer and finer between the
second and third lateral carine than elsewhere, the second
carina at least half as far again from the median at the base
as from the third, the three median carine not extending to
the apex and leaving a well-defined apical area; the teeth at
the apical angles of the segment broad and not very long,
slightly curved, and not very acute at the apex. Abdomen
almost smooth ; second tergite fully as long as its greatest
breadth, the sides only slightly convex ; segments 4-6 rather
strongly compressed laterally. Fourth joint of the hind tarsi
less than half as long as the fifth and much shortcr than the
third ; hind tibize very sparsely punctured on the outer side.
Fourth abscissa of the radius scarcely half as long as the
second transverse cubital nervure; first transverse cubital
nervure present, but not quite as strong as the second,

Hab. Damba Island, Victoria Nyanza; October 8, 1918
(C. G. Gowdey).

Type in British Museum.

In many points this resembles A. splendidula, Kohl, but

48 Mr. R. EK. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera.

the eyes are much closer together on the vertex than described
in that species, the fourth joint of the hind tarsi is shorter,
and there are no lateral teeth on the clypeus. The sculpture,
however, seems to be very similar.

Subfamily Spzzcrwz.
Sphex (Coloptera) crassifemoralis, sp. n.

3. Nigra; mandibulis, apice excepto, flagello articulis sex basalibus,
pronoto lateribus, callis humeralibus, tegulis, mesonoto utrinque
ante tegulas, petiolo subtus, sternitis, in medio nigro-suffusis,
tergito septimo, pedibusque ferrugineis; femoribus, trochante-
ribus intermediis posticisque coxisque posticis, supra nigris ;
tibiis posticis supra nigrolineatis; alis sordide flavo-hyalinis,
apice leviter infumatis, venis ferrugineis ; pronoto mesonotoque
fortiter transverse striatis; scutello postscutelloque fortiter
longitudinaliter striatis, convexis, haud lamellato-productis ;
tergito septimo apice late truncato.

Long. 22 mm,

3. Clypeus broadly truncate at the apex, broader than
long. Hyes distinctly, but not very strongly convergent
towards the clypeus ; posterior ocelli nearly half as far again
from the eyes as from each other, and twice as far from the
hind margin of the head as from each other. Head strongly
narrowed behind the eyes, the clypeus and front densely
clothed with pale golden pubescence. Propleuree coarsely
rugulose ; mesopleure and sides of median segment irregu-
larly obliquely striated, coarsely punctured “between the
striz ; a broad band of pale golden pubescence on the meso-
pleuree behind, a patch of the same below the humeral calli,
and a patch on each side of the median segment at the apex.
Dorsal surface of the median segment coarsely obliquely
striate-reticulate. First joint of petiole a little shorter than
the hind femur and trochanter combined ; second tergite sub-
triangular, a little longer than its apical breadth. Hind
femur stout and massive as compared with the allied species ;
pulvillus large.

Hab. Southern slopes of Mt. Elgon, 5100 to 5800 ft. CS. A.
Neave), June 8-13, 1911; Valley of Nzoia River, N. Kavi-
rondo, 5100-5400 ft. (S. A. Weave), June 5-7, 1911.

Nearly allied to S. saussurei, Buyss., and S. tuberculiscutis,
Turn., but is a more robust species, and differs in the simple
scutellum and postscutellum, which are produced in a lamelli-
form manner in the two species mentioned. The clypeus is
very ditferent to that of twberculiscutis g, alse the pronotum,
and the petiole is shorter.

Type in British Museum.

Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. 49

Subfamily Parranrurw2z.
— Cerceris reprasentans, sp. 0.

¢@. Nigra; mandibulis, apice excepto, clypeo, facie lateribus latis-
sime, carina interantennali, orbitis externis fascia angusta ad
marginem posteriorem capitis late producta, pronoto fascia inter-
rupta, tegulis, scutello macula magna utrinque, postscutello, seg-
mento mediano macula maxima utrinque, tergito primo macula
magna utrinque, tergitis 2-5 fascia lata antice emarginata, coxis
posticis supra, trochanteribus posticis, femoribus tibiisque subtus
flavis; antennis, dimidio apicali supra infuscatis, femoribus
tibiisque supra tarsisque ferrugineo-testaceis; area pygidiali
ferruginea ; sternitis 2-5 utrinque macula magna flava, quinto
sextoque testaceis ; alis subhyalinis, apice leviter infumatis, venis
ferrugineis.

Long. 13 mm.

?. Mandibles with a large triangular tooth on the middle
of the inner margin, blunt at the apex. Clypeus with a
porrect lamella, which is free from the base, gradually nar-
rowed towards the truncate apex and nearly twice as long
as the apical breadth ; the portion of the clypeus below the
Jamella short and transverse at the apex. Antenne inserted
about four times as far from the anterior ocellus as from the
base of the clypeus, interantennal carina well developed,
second joint of the flagellum half as long again as the third.
Head large, broader than the thorax, closely punctured, the
front with a tendency to longitudinal striation. Mesonotum

foo)
and scutellum irregularly longitudinally striate, punetured

oD

between the striz; mesopleure closely punctured, not tuber-
culate. Median segment closely punctured; the basal area
more or less strongly obliquely striated, with a low longi-
tudinal carinain the middle. First tergite broader than long,
second sternite without an elevated basal area; all the tergites
sparsely punctured, -the sternites more finely punctured ;
pygidial area granulate, almost parallel-sided, only a little
narrowed at the base, nearly three times as long as the
greatest breadth.

Hab. Masai Reserve, British Hast Africa, May 20, 1913
(Td. Anderson). 29 9.

In colouring this approaches the European C. ferreri,
Lind., but is easily distinguished by the straight apex of the
lamella of the clypeus, the sparse sculpture of the abdomen,
the shape of the pygidial area, and the yellow spots on the
scutellum. It is not at all nearly related to any of the
Ethiopian species of this group described by Dr. Brauns.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. iv. 4

50 Geological Society.

Cerceris barbifera, Bisch.
Cerceris barbifera, Bisch. Deutsch. Zentr. Afrik. Exp. iii., Zool. i. p. 222
(1911). 9.
? Cercerts bagandarum, Turn, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (9) ii. p. 465:
(1918). ¢ 9.

I think these are identical, but the median lobe of the
clypeus in bagandarum is much broader and shorter than in
Bischoff’s figure, which also omits the large triangular tooth
on the inner side of the mandibles. These differences may be
due to inaccuracies in the figure, as otherwise the description
of barbifera agrees well with bagandarum. As LI have pre-
viously suggested, I look on this and also on C. sodalis,
Turn., as subspecies of C. diodonta, Schlett.

PROCEEDINGS OF LEARNED SOCIETIES.
GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY,
December 18th, 1918.—Mr.G. W. Lamplugh, F.R.S.,
President, in the Chair.

The following communication was read :—

‘On a Bed of Interglacial Loess and some Pre-Glacial Fresh-
water ae on the Durham Coast.’ By Charles Taylor Trechmann,
D.Se., F.G.S

A few years ago the Author described a bed of Scandinavian
drift that was found filing up a small pre-Glacial valley-like
depression at Warren- House Gill on the Durham coast. ° This
section and others north and south of it have been kept under
observation at different times, and several new features have been
noticed as the high tides and other agencies exposed parts of the
coast.

Towards the southern end of the old pre-Glacial valley at
Warren-House Gill a bed of material, varying from 4 to 12 feet in
thickness, was found overlying the Magnesian Limestone and also
the Scandinavian drift. This ate has been carefully examined
chemically and microscopically, and proves to be identical in
chemical and physical characters with a sample of the true Con-
tinental loess. It is light brown or fawn in colour, very porous
and extremely finely divided, and is devoid of plasticity. ‘Towards
the base, w here it has not been disturbed since it was laid down,
it contains a number of rounded and elongated, often very eae
calcareous concretions. In the cliff-section it shows little or no
trace of bedding, but tends to break down along vertical clefts and
cracks. It passes upwards into a few feet of mater ial that consists
of loess which has been partly redeposited by water, and is mixed
with sand, gravel, and other material derived from the Scandinavian

drift.
The bed of loess and redeposited loess-like drift has suffered

Geological Society. 5l

much decalcification and weathering; near its surface there was a
large boulder of Norwegian titaniferous syenite which was super-
ficially rotted, and decomposed to a considerable depth. Smaller
granitic erratics in the redeposited loess are generally very much
rotted. The limestone rubble and stones beneath the loess are
strongly calereted, apparently by material leached out of the loess.
In a fissure beneath the loess some mammalian bones were col-
lected, including astragali of two species of Cervus. It is argued
that the formation and subsequent decalcification of the loess
deposit lying upon the Scandinavian drift indicates an Interglacial
lapse of considerable duration, as great as that which Continental
geologists call an Interglacial Period, before the overlying English
and Scottish drift was deposited.

About 2 miles south of the Scandinavian drift-bed several
fissures occur in the Magnesian Limestone cliffs and on the fore-
shore, filled with various materials that were transported in front
ot the earliest ice-sheet that advanced upon this part of the coast.
The Author has already recorded the occurrence in these fissures
of Upper Permian red and grey marls and dolomites with clay and
peaty trees. Continued examination of two of the fissures where
they are exposed between tide-marks on the shore, resulted in the
finding of a quantity of freshwater mollusca, ostracoda, and fish-
remains. Some mammalian remains also occurred, including those
of an elephant (probably Hlephas meridionalis) and of a vole
(Aimomys).

Vegetable matter has been washed from various parts of the
clay. A large number of seeds came from a single patch of clay,
and prove to be of Teglian age: they seem to represent a pre-
Glacial flora, half of the species of which are either exotic or
extinct. Seeds from other parts of the deposit appear to indicate
a later horizon, and contain mainly living forms.

The deposit is a mixed one, and seems to have belonged to a
series of late Pliocene and early Pleistocene beds that occupied
part of the present area of the North Sea and were torn up by the
advancing ice-sheet, like & great glacial erratic, and thrust into the
fissures.

The fact that the Scandinavian drift in Durham contains only
stones of Scandinavian origin has been confirmed, and the marine
Arctic shells that occur in it were further collected and a few
additions to the faunal list were made. The most interesting of
these is Cyrtodaria siliqua Spengler, an American shell which
has been recorded hitherto in Great Britain only from the Caith-
ness Boulder Clays.

All the deposits described above are overlain and overridden by
the main mass of local Cheviot and Northern drift that caps the

cliffs of the Durham coast.

A suggested correlation of the Durham sequence with the
European drifts is attempted, and it is concluded that the fringe
of the Scandinavian ice-cap that reached the Durham coast pro-
bably corresponds with that of the second and greatest glaciation

52 Geological Society.

of Seandinavia, which some Continental geologists correlate with
the Riss Stage of the Alps.

In that case, the main local drift of the north-eastern coast falls
into the third and last Glacial Period of Northern Europe. ‘The
evidence for Interglacial lapses in the local drifts is very in-
conclusive.

All the observed features seem to point to the fact that the
Scandinavian ice-sheet advanced on the east coast of England in
the same way as it invaded Northern Europe round the southern
shores of the Baltic, and gave rise to analogous climatic conditions
leading to the formation of loess, a fragment of which is found
protected from the erosive action of the later local glaciation in a
small hollow on the Durham coast.

June 4th, 1919.—Mr. G. W. Lamplugh, F.RS.,
President, in the Chair.
The following communication was read :—

‘On the Dentition of the Petalodont Shark, Climazxodus.’
By Arthur Smith Woodward, LL.D., F.R.S., P.L.S., F.G.S.

The author describes the nearly complete dentition of a new
species of Climaxodus from the Calciferous Sandstone of Calder-
side, near East Kilbride (Lanarkshire), now in the Royal Scottish
Museum, Edinburgh. Nearly all the teeth are borne on the
symphysis of the jaw, only the outer paired longitudinal series
extending a little farther back over the rami. There are from
three to five longitudinal series, each of tive or six teeth of the
ordinary Climaxodus- type, covering the greater part of the sym-
physis; and the flanking paired series, which extends farther
back, comprises more depressed teeth, in which the cutting-edge
forms a low blunt ridge. The two jaws are nearly similar ; but, as
in Janassa, the upper seems to have been slightly wider than the
lower jaw. The teeth rapidly increase in size backwards, also as
in Janassa, but they must have been all retained in the mouth
throughout life; while in Janassa only a single transverse row
would be in function at one time, the ,older teeth being thrust
beneath to form a supporting base. Climawxodus and Janassa
are thus two distinct genera. These Petalodonts are especially
noteworthy among the Elasmobranchii, because during the greater
part of the life of each individual there cannot have been more
than six or eight teeth in succession, a condition remarkably
different from that in all ordinary sharks and skates in which
the successional teeth are always very numerous and_ rapidly
replaced. The same limited tooth-succession is to be observed
in the Carboniferous Cochliodontide, and perhaps also in the
contemporaneous Psammodontide. Most of the teeth of Cli-
maxodus are also interesting as showing a restricted area of
highly vascular dentine en resembling a tritor in the dental
plate ‘of an ordinary Chimeroid. This character in Elasmobranch
teeth which are peculiar for their slow and scanty succession, may
have some special significance in connexion with ‘the origin of the

Chimeroids.

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THE ANNALS
MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY,
[NINTH SERIES.]

No. 20. AUGUST 1919.

VIII.—Descriptions of New Pyralide of the Subfamilies
Crambine and Sigine. By Sir Gsorer F. Hampson,
Bart., F.Z.S., &c.

(Continued from vol, iii. p. 547.]

(24) Diatrea flavilinealis, sp. n.

do. Head, thorax, and abdomen white mixed with dark brown,
the last with some fulvous yellow on dorsum towards base ; palpi,
pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen suffused with dark
brown. Fore wing white tinged with brown and irrorated with
rather large black-brown scales ; an orange-yellow line curved from
costa beyond middle to lower angle of cell, then oblique to middle
of inner margin ; an orange-yellow subterminal line ; cilia white at
base, with fuscous line near base, the tips yellowish mixed with
dark brown. Hind wing whitish suffused with pale reddish brown,
the cilia whiter. Underside suffused with pale red-brown.

Hab. Br. C. Arrica, Mlanje Plateau, 6500’ (Meare), 1g
type. Exp. 16 mm,

(26) Diatrea perpulverea, sp. n,

3. Head and thorax white mixed with some dark reddish brown ;
abdomen white tinged with brown ; ‘antenne brown, white above ;
palpi reddish brown mixed with black. Fore wing white tinged
with reddish brown and thickly irrorated with dark brown;
indistinct curved dark medial and subterminal lines; a terminal

Ann, ds Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol, iv, 5

SSeS

SS

54 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

series of black points. Hind wing glossy white with a fine dark
terminal line to vein 2. Underside of fore wing and costal area of
hind wing suffused with reddish brown.

Hab. N. Nicenta, Minna (Macfie), 3 3 type. Hxp. 20 mm.

(28) Diatrea argyrolepia, sp. n.

3. Head and thorax fulvous yellow tinged with dark brown ;
abdomen whitish tinged with ochreous brown; palpi suffused with
dark brown ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen suffused
with ochreous brown. Fore wing fulvous yellow irrorated with
black-brown and metallic silver scales; some dark brown suffusion
on basal costal area and more or less distinct dark streaks on basal
area above and below diseal and submedian folds; a more or less
complete medial series of small black spots with metallic silver
scales on them defined on outer side by a fulvous line, excurved to
lower angle of cell, then ineurved ; the postmedial area with black
streaks in the interspaces or black suffusion irrorated with silver
scales except towards costa and inner margin; a curved fulvous
yellow subterminal line defined on outer side by black points with
silver scales on them; a terminal series of small black spots
intersected by yellow on the veins; cilia fuscous suffused with
metallic silver. Hind wing creamy white faintly tinged with
brown; a terminal series of slight black striz to vein 2. Under-
side suffused with dark reddish brown except on inner area of hind
wing.

Q . Fore wing yellow diffused with rufous and irrorated with
dark brown, without the dark suffusion and streaks, the medial
series of spots sometimes almost obsolete, the subterminal series
and the terminal series of points distinct; the underside of fore
wing and costal area of hind wing suffused with pale red-brown
except on terminal area.

Hab. Gotp Coast, Bibianaha (Spurrell), 1 3,3 9, Kumasi
(Sanders), 1 9; S. NigERta (Dudgeon), 1 2 ; Br. E. Arrtca,
Victoria Nyanza, Port Ugowe (Johnston), 1 9 ; Br. C. Arrica,
Mt. Mlanje (Neave), 2 5, 4 2 type; PorruauEsEe E. Arrica,
Port Amelia (Beste), 1 g, Kola Valley (Neave), 2 9, Ruo Valley
(Neave), 1 9; Navrat,1 9, Weenen, 1d, Durban (Leigh), 1 9;
Care Cotony, Annshaw (Miss F. Barrett),1 3,19. Hap,
co 20, 2 20-80 mm.

(29) Diatrea mesoplagalis, sp. n.

Head and thorax pale ochreous, the patagia irrorated with black ;
abdomen creamy white tinged with ochreous ; antenne blackish
except above ; palpi with black mixed ; legs irrorated with black.
Fore wing pale ochreous irrorated with black, the inner and
terminal areas less strongly irrorated, the costal area tinged with
rufous; a curved maculate medial band from just below costa to
submedian fold irrorated with silver defined by black and with a
patch of black suffusion beyond it; two slight black discoidal spots

Pyralidee of the Subfamily Crambine. 55

and the veins beyond the cell defined by slight black streaks; a
‘eurved punctiform silver subterminal line; a terminal series of
minute black lunules ; cilia with fuscous and silvery scales mixed
and with a slight black line near base. Hind wing silvery white.
Underside of fore wing and costal area of hind wing tinged with
red-brown.
Hab. Sterra Leone (Clements), 2 3 type; N. Niaerta,
Tlorin (Macfie), 1 2, Zungeru (Macfie), 3 9; Uaanna,
Gondokoro (Reymes-Cole),1 29. Hup., 5 22, 2 26 mm.

(31) Diatrea argentisparsalis, sp. n.

Head and thorax yellow mixed with red-brown; abdomen
creamy white, the ventral surface yellowish. Fore wing yellow
tinged with red-brown and irrorated with a few black-brown and
silver scales ; a small black discoidal spot and two minute brown
and silver spots below end of cell with a fulvous bar on their outer
side; an indistinct curved fulvous subterminal line; a terminal
series of minute black spots; cilia blackish mixed with silver.
Hind wing glossy white slightly tinged with ochreous. Underside
of fore wing and the costal area of hind wing suffused with red-
brown.

Hab. Br. C. Arrica, Mt. Mlanje (WNeave), 3 5,1 @ type;
MasHonaLann (Dobbie), 1 2. Hap. dg 18, 9 20-22 mm.

(32) Diatrea perfusalis, sp. n.

@. Head and thorax yellowish suffused with deep red-brown ;
abdomen brownish white; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of
abdomen suffused with red-brown. Fore wing yellowish strongly
suffused with deep red-brown ; two small almost conjoined black
discoidal spots with a diffused dark brown fascia from them to
the indistinct rather diffused curved dark subterminal line; a
terminal series of minute black spots. Hind wing creamy white
with a slight brown terminal line to submedian fold. Underside
of fore wing and the costal area of hind wing suffused with red-
brown.

Hab. S. Ntiaerta, Yorubaland, Ogbomoso (Sir G. Carter),
2 9 type. Hxp. 26 mm.

(33) Diatrea costifusalis, sp. n.

Head and thorax creamy white mixed with black; abdomen
creamy white, the ventral surface brown ; pectus and legs suffused
with red-brown. Fore wing creamy white tinged with rufous, the
costal area broadly suffused with bright red-brown; the basal area
below the cell sparsely irrorated with large dark brown and silvery
scales and the inner margin towards tornus irrorated with black-
brown; a small spot formed by blackish and silvery scales in
middle of cell and a curved medial series of similar spots between
subcostal nevure and vein 1; two small black discoidal spots; a

5*

56 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

subterminal series of minute silver and black spots, hardly traceable
on costal half; a terminal series of small black spots; cilia black
mixed with whitish. Hind wing glossy white. Underside of fore
wing and costal area of hind wing suffused with red-brown.

Hab. Br. C. Arnica, Mt. Mlanje (Neave), 1 3,1 Q type.
Exp. 26 mm.

Genus CHILOPSIS, nov.
Type, C. squamata.

Proboscis small; palpi obliquely porrect, extending about the
length of head and thickly scaled; maxillary palpi triangularly
dilated with scales; frons smooth, with small tuft of hair;
antenne of male minutely serrate and fasciculate; tibie fringed
with rather long hair. Fore wing narrow, the costa slightly
arched, the apex somewhat produced, the termen obliquely curved ;
vein 3 from well before angle of cell; 5 from just above angle,
the discocellulars curved; 6, 7 very shortly stalked or from cell;
8, 9 stalked; 10, 11 from cell; the cell on underside clothed with
long scales. Hind wing with vein 3 from close to angle of cell;
4, 5 from angle or stalked; the discocellulars angled; 6, 7 from
from upper angle, 7 anastomosing with 8.

Chilopsis squamata, sp. n.

3d. Head and thorax ochreous suffused with red-brown, the
patagia with a few black scales; abdomen red-brown to beyond
middle, then ochreous suffused with red-brown, the ventral surface
ochreous irrorated with brown. Fore wing ochreous suffused with
red-brown and irrorated with large raised black-tipped scales, the
costal area browner; an indistinct diffused slightly sinuous and
very oblique brown line from just beyond the cell to inner margin
before middle; a more distinct diffused oblique postmedial brown
line, slightly excurved below veins 7 and 2; a terminal series of
minute black spots; cilia tipped with black except towards tornus.
Hind wing ochreous whitish tinged with brown, the inner area
suffused with deep red-brown; a brown postmedial shade; a
brown terminal line; cilia with a brown line through them; the
underside with small black-brown discoidal spot, the postmedial
line obsolescent below vein 5.

Hab. Perv, Yahuarmayo, 1 ¢ type. Hap. 64 mm.

Doratoperas vinasella, Schaus, from Costa Rica, belongs to the
same genus, also Chilo incanellus, Hampson, from Brazil, and
C. nigristigmellus, Hampson, from Brazil.

(1 b) Chilo albimarginatlis, sp. n.

@. Head, thorax, and abdomen pale rufous; pectus, legs, and
ventral surface of abdomen whitish tinged with rufous, the last
with subventral series of dark brown points except towards
extremity. Fore wing whitish suffused with pale rufous and

Pyralide of the Subfamily Crambine. 57

sparsely irrorated with large dark brown scales, the costal area
rather whiter, the terminal area white irrorated with dark brown ;
black points at middle of costa, at upper angle of cell, and middle
of discocellulars ; a postmedial series of blackish striz, oblique to
vein 7, excurved to below vein 5, then very oblique to middle of
inner margin with a slight angle inwards at submedian fold; a
subterminal series of blackish striz, bent outwards below costa,
forming a short streak to the postmedial series at discal fold, and
strongly incurved below vein 3; a terminal series of black points.
Hind wing whitish suffused with pale red-brown, the costal area
white to near apex; a terminal series of dark brown strive except
towards tornus; cilia white. Underside of fore wing whitish
suffused with brown except on inner area, the subterminal series
of striz present but almost obsolete below vein 3; hind wing white
slightly tinged with brown, a brownish subterminal line to vein 2,
bent inwards to costa where there is a black point.
Hab. Perv, Yahuarmayo, 1 Q type. wp. 44 mm.

(1 ce) Chilo diffusifascia, sp. n.

2. Head and thorax pale glossy yellow, the sides of head and
tegule and the patagia suffused with brown; abdomen glossy
yellow, with subdorsal tufts of white hair at base; antenne
brown; palpi suffused with red-brown ; pectus and legs whitish
tinged with brown. Fore wing glossy ochreous yellow irrorated
with brown ; a diffused red-brown fascia from base in and below
the cell to termen where it extends from just below apex to
submedian fold; a minute black-brown discoidal spot slightly
irrorated with white and defined on outer side by some white;
traces of a curved brown postmedial line; a terminal series of dark
points with white points beyond them at base of cilia, which are
deep glossy red-brown. Hind wing glossy white faintly tinged
with ochreous; a slight brownish terminal line to vein 2. Under-
side white, the fore wing and costal area of hind wing tinged with
red-brown except on terminal area.

Hab. Urnvavay, Monte Video (de Ja Garde), 1 2 type. Exp.
52 mm.

_ (10 b) Chilo pyrocaustalis, sp. un.

Head and thorax fiery red; abdomen white, the 2nd and 8rd
segments dorsally fulvous; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of
abdomen whitish suffused with red. Fore wing fiery red, the
veins whitish ; the medial area with two slight brownish spots
below the cell and two on vein 1; two faint oblique brownish
strie from middle of costa to and to beyond upper angle of cell,
then an oblique postmedial series of minute dentate marks on the
veins; a subterminal series of minute dentate brownish marks on
the veins; cilia with a dark line near base, the tips silvery white.
Hind wing silvery white. Underside of fore wing and costal area
of hind wing suffused with rufous.

53 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

Hab. W. Arnica (Dudgeon), 2 2 ; S. NraErta, Lagos ( Bray),
1 3; N. Nieerta, Minna (Macfie), 1 5,1 Q type, Zungeru
(Macfie),3 9. Exp. 3 20-22, 2 26-30 mm.

(10 d) Chilo rufulalis, sp. n.

2. Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreous tinged with brownish
rufous, the last with the 2nd and 8rd segments dorsally suffused
with fulvous. Fore wing ochreous uniformly suffused with
brownish rufous, the inner area with slight dark irroration ; the
cilia brown. Hind wing ocherous white with a slight brownish
tinge; a faint brownish terminal line to vein 2.

Hab. Ur. Burma, Kinyua (Bingham), 1 2 type. Lxp. 36 mm.

(11 a) Chilo mesostrigalis, sp. n.

Head white; thorax and abdomen whitish tinged with red-
brown ; antenne, palpi, pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen
white tinged with brown. Fore wing white slightly tinged with
reddish brown and sparsely irrorated with blackish scales ; a series
of five black striz, arising at discal fold just beyond the cell,
angled outwards beyond lower angle, then very oblique to middle
of submedian fold; a rather interrupted black postmedial line,
strongly excurved below costa, then obliquely curved; a terminal
series of black points. Hind wing white slightly tinged with
brown. Underside white slightly tinged with brown.

Hab. PortuevuEsE EK. Arrica, Kola Valley (Neave), 1 3,
‘Ruo Valley (Neave), 1 2 type. wp. 36 mm.

(15 a) Chilo submedianalis, sp. n.

3 . Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreous white tinged with red-
brown. Fore wing ochreous white suffused with red-brown, the
terminal half of costa whiter; some darker brown suffusion in and
beyond end of cell and in basal half of submedian fold interrupted
by a medial white spot; an indistinct narrow whitish subterminal
band. Hind wing white tinged with red-brown, the cilia whiter.
Underside ochreous white tinged with red-brown.

Hab. Cryuon, Batticaloa (Green), 1 3 type. Exp. 24 mm.

(15 ¢) Chilo asecriptalis, sp. n.

Head and thorax white tinged with reddish brown; abdomen
white; peetus and legs white faintly tinged with brown. Fore
wing white tinged with reddish brown; a minute black discoidal
point and terminal series of slight black points. Hind wing
glossy white. Underside of fore wing and the costal area of hind
wing tinged with red-brown.

Hab. N. Niaerta, Minna (Macfie), 1 9; Uaanpa, Gondo-
koro (Reymes-Cole), 3 3,8 Q type; Br. C. Arrtca, Mt. Mlanje
(Neave),1 2. Exp., § 20-24, 9 22-28 mm.

Pyralidze of the Subfamily Crambine. 59

(15 d) Chilo gemininotalis, sp. n.

9. Head and thorax red-brown with a greyish tinge; abdomen
whitish tinged with red-brown; palpi irrorated with dark brown ;
pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white, the legs slightly
tinged with red-brown. Fore wing greyish suffused with red-
brown and irrorated with large blackish scales except on basal and
terminal areas and in submedian fold; a diffused blackish fascia
along median nervure; a terminal series of small black spots
bisected with white; cilia red-brown at base, whitish glossed with
silver at tips. Hind wing glossy white. Underside white, the
fore wing and costal area of hind wing faintly tinged with rufous,

Hab, Cacuar, Kanny Koory, 1 2 type. wp. 30 mm,

(25a) Chilo strigatellus, sp. n.

White; sides of palpi and antenne and streaks on tegule
cupreous brown. Fore wing with the veins, except on costal and
inner areas, and also the submedian fold streaked with brown,
sometimes reduced in places to series of scales; a discoidal spot ;
a fine terminal line and a line through the cilia. Hind wing
slightly tinged with brown ; a fine terminal line.

Hab. W. Avustrauta, Sherlock R. (Clements), 3 3,1 @ type.
Exp., 6 16, 2 20 mm.

(25d) Chilo argyrostola, sp. n.

@. Head, thorax, and abdomen silvery white, the sides of frons
and palpi except at base red-brown; legs tinged with red-brown.
Wings uniform silvery white, the underside of fore wing tinged
with red-brown except on inner and terminal areas.

Hab, VENEZUELA (Dyson), 1 2 type. Hxp. 22 mm.

(266) Chilo phlebitalis, sp. n.

6. Head and thorax white tinged with red-brown at sides;
abdomen white, the 2nd and 8rd segments dorsally rufous ;
antenne red-brown except above; palpi, pectus, and legs tinged
with red-brown. Fore wing silvery white irrorated with red-brown,
the scales forming slight streaks defining the veins above and below,
the costal area tinged with red-brown leaving the costal edge white ;
a black discoidal point; a slight dark terminal line ; cilia white
with fine dark lines near base and tips. Hind wing silvery white
with a slight dark terminal line to vein 2. Underside of fore wing
and the costal area of hind wing tinged with red-brown.

Hab. Argentina, Gran Chaco, Florenzia (Wagner), 13,
Ocampo, Santa Fé (Wagner), 2 3 type. Hap. 16-20 mm,

60 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

(26 ¢) Chilo calamistis, sp. n.

. Head, thorax, and abdomen brownish white; palpi slightly
irrorated with brown. Fore wing whitish tinged with red-brown
and slightly irrorated with brown; faint white streaks irrorated
with black in discal and submedian folds; a black discoidal point ;
a terminal series of black points, the point above tornus rather
larger. Hind wing white tinged with brownish ochreous. Under-
side tinged with red-brown, the inner area of hind wing white.

Hab. Mexico, Presidio (Forrer), 1 9, Godman-Salvin Coll. ;
ARGENTINA, Gran Chaco, Florenzia (Wagner), 4 2 type. Huxp.
22-28 mm.

(26d) Chilo leptigrammalis, sp. n.

Head, thorax, and abdomen white faintly tinged with red-brown ;
palpi strongly irrorated with brown. Fore wing white tinged with
reddish brown and rather thickly irrorated with black; the costa
whiter, the discal and submedian folds and interspaces beyond the
cell with white streaks irrorated with black ; a black discoidal point ;
traces of a dark postmedial line angled outwards at discal and
submedian folds ; a fine double dark subterminal line filled in with
white, strongly bent inwards to costa, then closely approximated
to the termen and minutely waved; a terminal series of rather
lunulate black points slightly defined on inner side by white ; cilia
with a dark line near base, the tips browner. Hind wing glossy
white slightly tinged with ochreous brown except on inner area; a
fine dark terminal line to vein 2. Underside of fore wing and
costal area of hind wing suffused with red-brown, the terminal
area whiter.

Hab. Argentina, Gran Chaco, Florenzia (Wagner), 4 3,2 9
type. Hap. 24-32 mm.

(26 e) Chilo leucocraspis, sp. n.

@. Head and thorax white, tinged with rufous at sides;
abdomen white, the 2nd to 4th segments dorsally suffused with
rufous ; antennz rufous; palpi irrorated with brown ; pectus, legs,
and ventral surface of abdomen white tinged with red-brown.
Fore wing pale rufous, the inner area white slightly irrorated with
brown ; the costal edge white on terminal half; a black discoidal
point and slight oblique brown striga above it from costa ; a curved
white subterminal line slightly defined on inner side by brown; a
terminal series of black points ; cilia with a dark line near base, the
tips pure white except at tornus. -Hind wing silvery white; a
terminal series of slight black points to vein 2. Underside of fore
wing and costal area of hind wing suffused with pale red-brown,
the hind wing with blackish discoidal point.

Hab. AreENnTINA, Gran Chaco, Florenzia (Wagner), 1 2 type.
Exp. 28 mm.

Pyralide of the Subfamily Crambine. 61

(28) Chilo argentifascia, sp. n.

@. Head ochreous white, pale rufous at sides and behind;
thorax pale rufous, the patagia silvery white; abdomen white
tinged with brownish ochreous; antenne tinged with rufous ;
pectus and legs white tinged with brownish ochreous. Fore wing
pale rufous ; the costal edge silvery white, expanding into a narrow
fascia from before middle to apex; a broad silvery white fascia
edged by slight dark brown lines from base, where it extends to the
inner margin, in and below the cell and thence to the termen below
_ apex and to the cilia. Hind wing silvery white, the inner area
faintly tinged with brown. Underside glossy white, the costal area
of both wings faintly tinged with rufous.

Hab. W. Ausrratta, Sherlock R. (Clements), 2 9 type. Exp.
30 mm.

(2) Leucargyra xanthoceps, sp. n.

Head, tegule, and some of the hair on prothorax orange-yellow,
the rest of thorax white ; abdomen white tinged with orange-yellow,
the 2nd and 8rd segments dorsally fulvous ; antennz with the shaft
white above ; palpi fuscous brown ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface
of abdomen white, the fore-legs fuscous brown in front, the coxe
yellow and white at base. Wings uniform silvery white above
and below.

Hab. Peru, Yahuarmayo,2¢,192 type. Kuxp., 550, 274mm.

(6a) *Eschata trrorata, sp. n.

@. Pure white; palpi blackish except at tips; antennze brown;
fore tibie orange fringed with white; tarsi orange ringed with
white ; abdomen with dorsal orange patch on 2nd and 38rd seg-
ments; wings silvery white. Fore wing with faint traces of a
sinuous golden medial line from vein 2 to inner margin ; a curved
subterminal golden line, the area on its inner side broadly irrorated
with large black scales, extending on inner area to the medial line ;
cilia reddish golden.

Hab. Assam, Khasis, type in Coll. Rothschild. Exp. 52 mm.

(2) Doratoperas fulvescens, sp. n.

6. Head, thorax, and abdomen whitish suffused with red-brown,
the head whiter in front, the thorax irrorated with dark brown ;
pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white tinged with red-
brown. Fore wing whitish suffused with fulvous brown and
sparsely irrorated with large black scales, the costal area rather
whiter to beyond middle; the medial area with oblique rufous
shade from subcostal nervure to vein 1; a black discoidal point ;
an indistinct rather diffused brownish postmedial line, arising below
the costa, excurved to vein 4, then very oblique to middle of inner

62 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

margin ; an indistinct curved slightly waved brownish subterminal
line; a terminal series of black points. Hind wing whitish
suffused with red-brown, the costal area whiter to near apex; a
terminal series of black points to submedian fold. Underside
whitish tinged with rufous, the costal area of both wings slightly
irrorated with black.

Hab. Peru, Yahuarmayo, 3 ¢ type. xp, 36-42 mm.

(3) Doratoperas xanthotherma, sp. n.

3. Head brownish white, the antenne brown, the palpi fulvous
yellow ; thorax dorsally brownish white, the tegule with brown
subdorsal stripes, the tegule at sides and patagia chrome-yellow
tinged with rufous and with brown stripe above ; abdomen dorsally
blackish brown, the anal tuft white; pectus, legs, and ventral
surface of abdomen white, the fore tibiz with tufts of blackish
hair, the tarsi fulvous. Fore wing chrome-yellow, the inner area
suffused with rufous from before middle, expanding to vein 2
beyond the postmedial line and at termen to vein 3, the rest of
wing irrorated with a few brown scales; a minute red-brown
discoidal spot ; the postmedial line represented by slight obliquely
placed rufous spots on veins 4and 3 and a rather diffused red-brown
line angled inwards below vein 2 near its origin and below vein 1
bent inwards to inner margin before middle ; a terminal series of
dark red-brown points ; cilia pure white at base, dark brown at tips,
wholly brown towards tornus. Hind wing pale yellow, the apical
area whitish, the inner area tinged with red-brown; a terminal
series of slight dark points to below vein 3; cilia white, tinged
with red-brown towards tornus. Underside white with a slight
rufous tinge on costa of fore wing and inner area of both wings,

Hab. Peru, Yahuarmayo, 1 ¢ type. xp. 66 mm,

(1d) Mesolia albimaculalis, sp. n.

@. Head and thorax black-brown mixed with some white ;
abdomen red-brown ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen
white, the legs with some blackish scales and the tarsi banded with
black. Fore wing cupreous red-brown; a diffused white ante-
medial shade with a short blackish streak beyond it above vein 1;
a white spot at middle of costa and diffused sinuous line from
diseal fold to inner margin ; a triangular white spot from costa at
end of cell, its apex indenting a blackish discoidal spot with a
minute white point at lower angle of cell and some silvery scales
beyond it; a subterminal white bar from costa and series of small
dentate white marks on veins 6 to 2 defined on outer side by
minute black spots; a white bar from costa before apex, its outer
edge indented and a series of small conical spots on termen from
below vein 6 to above tornus; cilia white with a black line near
base and dark tips towards apex, then cupreous brown. Hind wing
glossy grey-brown, the cilia with dark line near base and white tips.

Pyralidee of the Subfamily Crambine. 63

to discal fold. Underside grey-brown, the costa of fore wing white
towards apex.

Hab. N. Nraerta, Zungeru (Macfie), 1 Q type. Hzxp. 18mm.

(2a) Masolia presidialis, sp. n.
Mesolia plurimella, Druce, Biol. Centr.-Am., Het. ii. p. 297 (part.), nec Wlk.

Antenne of male with short branches.

Head and thorax red-brown mixed with grey ; abdomen whitish
suffused with red-brown, the extremity whiter; palpi with some
white at base ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white
faintly tinged with brown, the tarsi banded with brown. Fore
wing red-brown mixed with grey ; a diffused antemedial dark brown
patch on vein 1; an obscure diffused dark medial line, arising at
median nervure, angled outwards at submedian fold and inwards at
vein 1 ; postmedial line diffused dark red-brown, oblique and defined
on inner side by whitish to vein 6, where it is angled outwards,
angled outwards and forming diffused dentate patches above vein 1
and inner margin, a dark point beyond it above vein 6; sub-
terminal line silvery whitish defined on each side by red-brown,
curved, a small white spot beyond it on costa and patch at middle
with oblique black streak above it and longitudinal streak below it ;
an oblique white subapical streak and striga on termen below apex ;
cilia red-brown to the hook with a white striga below apex and
streak above the hook, then white tinged with red-brown. Hind
wing whitish suffused with brown, the cilia white. Underside of
fore wing red-brown.

Hab. Mexico, Presidio (Forrer), 1d, 1 2 type, Godman-
Salvin Coll. ap., ¢ 20, 9 22 mm.

(26) Mesolia diaperatalis, sp. n.
Mesolia plurimella, Druce, Biol. Centr.-Am., Het. ii. p. 297 (part.), nee WI1k.

@. Head, thorax, and abdomen red-brown ; palpi white at base ;
pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white tinged with red-
brown. Fore wing red-brown slightly mixed with whitish ;
postmedial line deep red-brown, arising below the costa, waved to
submedian fold, then strongly incurved and forming a small diffused
patch on inner area, veins 6 to 2 beyond it with obscure dark
streaks ; subterminal line white defined on each side by red-brown,
oblique to discal fold and with an oblique white streak beyond it
across apical area, incurved below discal fold and waved below
vein 3; a bilunulate white mark before middle of termen ; cilia
white to the hook with a black line at middle, then white at base,
brown at tips. Hind wing whitish strongly suffused with red-
brown, the cilia whiter. Underside whitish suffused with red-
brown, the fore wing with the costa white towards apex.

Hab. Mexico, Presidio (Forrer), 1 2 type, Godman-Salvin
Coll. Exp. 24 mm.

64 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

(2c) Mesolia jamaicensis, sp. n.

. Antenne of male serrate.

d. Head and thorax red-brown mixed with grey; antenne
blackish ; abdomen whitish suffused with brown ;_ pectus, legs, and
ventral surface of abdomen. white. Fore wing red-brown varie-
gated with white ; an incurved medial white line from cell to inner
margin with a diffused dark patch beyond it in submedian inter-
space; a red-brown postmedial line, bent inwards to costa ;
subterminal line silvery white defined on each side by red-brown,
bent inwards to costa, a white patch beyond it between discal and
submedian folds with short black streaks above and below it and
one at middle; an oblique dentate white subapical mark; a red-
brown terminal line ; cilia pure white with blackish lines near base
and at tips to the hook, then red-brown with some white at base.
Hind wing white tinged with red-brown. Underside white, the
fore wing and costal area of hind wing suffused with red-brown.

Hab. Jamaica (Gosse), 1 3 type, Mandeville (Cockerell),
1g. KHw«p. 16 mm.

(16) Prionopteryx sinensis, sp. n.

Antenne of male serrate and fasciculate.

g. Head, thorax, and abdomen red-brown slightly mixed with
whitish ; palpi red-brown and white ; pectus, legs, and ventral sur-
face of abdomen white tinged with red-brown. Fore wing red-
brown mixed with some white, especially on inner area; an
antemedial patch of black-brown scales above inner margin ;
postmedial line red-brown, oblique to discal fold where it is angled
outwards, then incurved and angled outwards at submedian fold ;'
subterminal line white defined on each side by red-brown, very
oblique to discal fold, then incurved and excurved below vein 2, a
whitish patch beyond it before middle of termen with small dentate
blackish mark on it at vein 4 and short streaks below veins 3 and 2.
Hind wing red-brown with a greyish tinge. Underside red-brown
tinged with grey.

Hab. W. Cuina, Chang-Yang (Pratt), 1 dtype. Hap. 18 mm.

(46) Prionopteryx brevivittalis, sp. n.

Head and thorax dark reddish brown mixed with grey-white ;
abdomen white slightly tinged with red-brown ; antenne with the
branches black; palpi with black mixed; pectus and legs white
tinged with brown, the tarsi brown tinged with white. Fore wing
with the costal half red-brown mixed with white, the inner half
white irrorated with red-brown ; a subbasal series of slight oblique
black marks in and below the cell and above inner margin, the last
met by a streak from base ; a slight black mark above middle of
median nervure; a dentate white medial line defined on inner side
by two small black lunules in the cell and on outer by red-brown

Pyralidee of the Subfamily Crambine. 65

and black; two slight black spots beyond the cell; subterminal
line white defined on each side by red-brown with slight black
marks before it below costa and at middle, obliquely excurved to
discal fold, then incurved and slightly angled outwards at vein 1,
a series of white spots beyond it from costa to vein 2 with short
black streaks between them; the terminal area red-brown finely
pencilled with white ; cilia white with a red-brown line through
them and red-brown tips to the hook, then white with the tips
tinged with red-brown. Hind wing white slightly tinged with
red-brown ; a red-brown terminal line to submedian fold; cilia
pure white. Underside of fore wing brown with a series of diffused
white spots before termen ; hind wing with the costal area tinged
with brown.

Hab. Transvaat, Gemsbokfontein (Janse), 1 3, Rietfontein
(Janse), 2 3,1 9 type, Van der Merwe’s farm (Janse), 1 6 ;
Narat, Durban (Leigh), 1 3,1 2; Orange R. Colony, Bloem-
fontein (Eckersley), 2 3. Hap. 24-26 mm.

(4c) Prionopteryx mesozonalis, sp. n.

@. Head and thorax pale red-brown mixed with white ; abdo-
men white dorsally tinged with red-brown towards base ; palpi with
some blackish mixed ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen
white tinged with red-brown, the tarsi red-brown ringed with
white. Fore wing white mostly suffused with red-brown and
irrorated with blackish; an oblique red-brown antemedial line,
arising below the costa and with some black before it in the cell ;
a white medial line defined on outer side by black and on inner by
a diffused black band, angled outwards in the cell and waved below
it; a black discoidal point ; postmedial line white, defined on inner
side by blackish and with a black patch beyond it on costa, angled
outwards at discal fold, then incurved and angled inwards at vein 1 ;
a highly dentate white subterminal line with short black streaks
beyond it in the interspaces from below costa to vein 1 ; cilia white
with a line near base, black to the hook, then red-brown, and
blackish line near tips. Hind wing silvery white with a very faint
red-brown tinge. Underside of fore wing and costal area of hind
wing tinged with red-brown.

Hab. Arcentina, Gran Chaco, Florenzia (Wagner), 1 Q type.
Exp. 26 mm.

(49) Prionopterys albirufalis, sp. n.

@. Head and thorax white mixed with some red-brown ; abdo-
men white slightly tinged with red-brown ; antenne ringed with
blackish ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white, the
fore tibiz and the tarsi banded with red-brown. Fore wing white
irrorated with red-brown ; some black irroration on antemedial area
from below costa to inner margin, somewhat angled outwards in

the cell; a somewhat dentate white medial line defined on outer

66 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

side by a diffused dark red-brown band; subterminal line white
defined on each side by red-brown, oblique to discal fold, then
incurved and minutely dentate, a small black spot beyond it below
costa ; a fine red-brown terminal line with two minute black spots
before it at middle; cilia white with a fine red-brown line near
base to submedian fold and the tips tinged with red-brown at
middle. Hind wing silvery white faintly tinged with red-brown,
the cilia pure white. Underside white, the fore wing tinged with
red-brown on costal half.

Hab. Supan, Port Sudan (Waterfield), 1 2 type. ap.
18 mm.

(4h) Prionopteryx rubricalis, sp. n.

2. Head and thorax rufous slightly mixed with whitish ; abdo-
men whitish suffused with rufous; antenne blackish ringed with
white ; palpi red-brown mixed with white, blackish at extremity ;
pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen whitish suffused with
red-brown, the tarsi red-brown ringed with white. Fore wing
rufous irrorated with white ; a small antemedial white spot above
inner margin; small medial white spots on costa and in cell and
above and below vein 1; diffused blackish spots in and beyond end
of cell with a white spot between them on the discocellulars; a
postmedial series of small white spots, somewhat incurved below
the costa and excurved beyond the cell; a terminal series of small
blackish spots defined on inner side by a lunulate white line; cilia
red-brown and white. Hind wing whitish tinged with rufous, the
cilia white with a red-brown line near base and some red-brown at
tips. Underside whitish suffused with rufous.

Hab. N. Nicerta, Zungeru (Macfie, Simpson), 5 @ type.
Exp. 20 mm.

(5b) Prionopteryx microdontalis, sp. n.

Antennz of male uniserrate ; hind wing with veins 4, 5 stalked.

Head and thorax red-brown mixed with some white ; abdomen
white, dorsally tinged with red-brown towards base; antenne
blackish ; palpi banded with blackish; pectus and legs white
tinged with red-brown, the fore tibiz and the tarsi banded blackish
and white. Fore wing red-brown mixed with whitish, a whitish
fascia in submedian interspace; a blackish subbasal mark above
inner margin with traces of the angled whitish antemedial line on
its outer side ; a rather diffused curved red-brown postmedial line,
interrupted at submedian fold and with short blackish fascia before
it on vein 1, defined on inner side by a white bar from costa; sub-
terminal line whitish, very oblique and defined on inner side by
red-brown to discal fold, then dentate and defined on inner side
by minute dentate black marks, the area beyond it blackish below
discal fold, the apical area red-brown with a sinuous white streak
across it; a fine black terminal line defined on inner side by white

Pyralide: of the Subfamily Crambine. 67

below the hook; cilia white at base, red-brown at tips and with’
black line near base to the hook. Hind wing white faintly tinged
with red-brown. Underside suffused with red-brown.

Hab. Stmrra Leone, Mano (Dudgeon), 12; Gorp Coast
(Dudgeon),1 3 ; 8. NtaErta, Lagos (Dudgeon), 2 2, Old Calabar
(Miss Kingsley, Sampson), 2 3,1 2, Warri Distr. (Claydon),
1 2; N. Nieerta, Borgu, Yelwa L. (Migeod), 1 9. xp.
18-22 mm.

Genus PARANCYLA, nov.
Type, P. argyrothysana.

Proboscis fully developed; palpi downecurved, extending about
the length of head and thickly scaled; maxillary palpi dilated with
scales; frons smooth, with ridge of scales above ; antennz of male
laminate and minutely ciliated. Fore wing rather long and narrow,
the apex rounded, the termen somewhat excised below discal fold;
vein 3 from well before angle of cell; 4,5 from angle; 6 from
below upper angle; 7 from angle; 8, 9 stalked; 10, 11 from cell,
the latter becoming coincident with 12. Hind wing with veins
3 and 5 from angle of cell, 4 absent; 6 obsolescent from well
below upper angle ; 8 anastomosing with 7.

In key differs from Surattha in vein 11 becoming coincident
with 12.

: Parancyla argyrothysana, sp. n.

3. Head white, the antenne blackish except above, the palpi
tinged with brown and slightly irrorated with black, the tips black ;
thorax white tinged with red-brown and slightly irrorated with black;
abdomen white tinged with red-brown; pectus, legs, and ventral sur-
face of abdomen white tinged with red-brown. Fore wing white
tinged with red-brown and irrorated with black; a small rather
annulate blackish discoidal spot; a metallic silver subterminal line
defined on inner side by a pale rufous line, slightly excurved below
costa; the terminal area rather whiter with a terminal series of black
points; cilia metallic silver, tinged with brown at tips. Hind
wing white tinged with red-brown, the cilia whiter. Underside
white tinged with red-brown.

©. More strongly suffused with red-brown.

Hab. Br. C. Arrica, Mt. Mlanje (Neave), 4 3, 4 Q type,
Ruo Valley (Neave),1 9. Exp., 5 22, 9 32-38 mm.

(la) Surattha africalis, sp. n.

¢. White irrorated with fuscous ; branches of antennz blackish.
Fore wing with a subbasal series of patches of black scales between
the veins; a medial sinuous white line defined by black on either
-side; a prominent white discoidal spot with black suffusion be-
tween it and the medial line ; a subterminal minutely waved black
line obtusely angled at middle and with a diffused brown line parallel

68 On new Pyralidee of the Subfamily Crambine.

‘to its inner edge; some terminal fuscous suffusion and a series of
black points. Hind wing white with a fine fuscous terminal line.

Ab. 1. Fore wing strongly tinged with ochreous.

Q. Fore wing with the area between the medial and postmedial
lines suffused with black.

Hab. Supan, Port Sudan (Waterfield), 1 5 ; Br. E. Aprica,
Athi-ya-Mawe (Betton), 1.9; “Grra. E. Arnica,” Dar-es-Salaam,
1 ¢ type; TRANSVAAL, Rietfontein (Janse), 1 5. Hap. 22-
26 mm.

(16) Surattha selenalis, sp. n.

3. Head, thorax, and base of abdomen white faintly tinged with
rufous, the rest of abdomen strongly suffused with rufous ; antenne
with the branches black; palpi suffused with brown; pectus and
legs white, the tibie and tarsi banded with brown. Fore wing
pale red-brown slightly irrorated with whitish, the postmedial part
of costal area white slightly irrorated with rufous ; antemedial line
whitish, defined on outer side by a slight blackish mark at costa,
then indistinct to submedian fold where it is angled outwards, then
oblique and defined on each side by blackish ; medial line whitish
defined on each side by blackish, angled outwards in submedian
fold; a pure white discoidal lunule ; subterminal line white,
excurved at middle and shghtly waved towards costa and inner
margin; a fine white line just before termen, defined on outer side
by slight blackish points; cilia white with a rather interrupted
red-brown line near base and some red-brown at tips. Hind wing
silvery white. Underside of fore wing except the inner area and
the costal area of hind wing tinged with red-brown.

Hab. Asyssinta, Taddecha Mullka (Degen), 1d type. Hzxp.
28 mm.

(36) Surattha soudanensis, sp. n.

Head, thorax, and abdomen white tinged with fulvous yellow, the
thorax irrorated with black; antennze of male with the branches
black ; palpi suffused with rufous ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface
of abdomen white tinged with rufous. Fore wing white suffused
with pale fulvous and irrorated with black in the interspaces, those
of postmedial area rather more thickly irrorated ; a diffused curved
whitish antemedial band defined on inner side by pale fulvous; a
narrow white medial band defined on outer side by pale fulvous, its
edges slightly waved; a rounded white discoidal spot defined by
blackish; a narrow white postmedial band defined on inner side
by pale fulvous, its outere dge slightly dentate, somewhat excurved
beyond the cell; a lunulate white subterminal line defined on outer
side by a series ‘of black points; cilia white mixed with brownish,
Hind wing white faintly tinged with reddish brown, the cilia pure
white. Underside white faintly tinged with rufous.

Hab. Supan, Port Sudan ( Waterfield), 4 3,1 9 type. Exp,
22-26 mm.

[To be continued. |

Mr. R. E, Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. 69

/

IX.—Notes on Fossorial Hymenoptera-—XXXIX. New
Sphecoidea collected in Palestine by Major E. E. Austen,
By Rowxanp E. Turner, F.Z.S., F.E.S.

Psammecius austent, sp. n.

3. Niger; scapo subtus flavo; segmentis abdominalibus tribus
basalibus, pedibusque, coxis exceptis, rufo-ferrugineis ; flagello
articulis 9-10 subtus ferrugineis, excavatis; articulo apicali
subtus et apice brunneo-ferrugineo, fortiter curvato; alis hyalinis,
cellula radiali, cellulisque cubitalibus secunda tertiaque fortiter
infuscatis ; venis nigris, stigmate flavo.

2. Mari simillima, flagello nigro, articulis haud excavatis ; cellula
cubitali tertia hyalina.

Long., ¢ 9mm., 2 10 mm.

3. Eyes strongly convergent towards the clypeus, posterior
ocelli a little further from each other than from the eyes;
vertex and front strongly and closely punctured. Clypeus
broadly and roundly deflexed at the apex, the deflexed portion
smooth and shining, the basal portion closely punctured.
Thorax and sides of the median segment closely and coarsely
punctured; the triangular basal area of the median segment
coarsely longitudinally striate-reticulate. First and second
tergites strongly but not very closely punctured, less closely
than in P. punetulatus, Lind., and less coarsely than in
P. luxuriosus, Rad, ; the apical tergites more closely and
finely punctured ; sternites shining, very sparsely punctured.
At the apex of the three basal tergites the red colouring shows
a tendency to change to yellow, forming an obscure, narrow,
reddish-yellow apical fascia. Neuration asin P. punctulutus.

Q. Pygidial area longitudinally striate ; fore metatarsus
with five long spatulate whitish spines. Flagellum siimple,
the apical joints not excavated or curved.

Hab. Jerisheh, N.E. of Jaffa; 1 g, May 1-8, 1918; 1 9,
April 29, 1918.

Very different in colour to punctulatus and luuriosus ; the
antenne are also stouter and the pulvilli larger than in either
of those species. I think Psammecius, Lep., is sufficiently
distinct to be given generic rank, though Handlirsch sinks it
under Gorytes. The name Gorytes certainly cannot stand,
and must be replaced for the genus in the widest sense either
by Ceropales, Latr., or Arpactus, Jur.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. iv. 6

70 Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera.

Palarus hastatifrons, sp. n.

gd. Niger; abdomine segmentis tribus basalibus, pedibus inter-
mediis posticisque, femoribusque anticis infra fulvis; clypeo,
mandibulis, apice excepto, orbitis internis usque ad antennarum
basin, macula frontali, longitudinali, hastiformi, mesonoto macula
parva angulis anticis, tegulis tibiisque tarsisque anticis flavis ;
flagello supra sordide flayo ; alis hyalinis, leviter infuscatis, venis
testaceis ; ano tridentato.

@. Mari simillima; abdomine fere omnino fulvo.

Long., d 8 mm., 9 11 mn.

3. Clypeus rounded at the apex, shining, with sparse and
minute punctures; front opaque, coriaceous, clothed with
very delicate silver pubescence. Eyes separated on the vertex
by a distance slightly exceeding the length of the second
joint of the flagellum; posterior ocelli somewhat elongate,
oblique and almost touching the eyes. Mandibles not excised
on their outer margin. Second joint of the flagellum dis-
tinctly longer than the third, twice as long as the first and
nearly twice as long as its apical breadth, the flagellar joints
not arcuate beneath. ‘Thorax shining, rather sparsely but
very deeply punctured ; median segment strongly obliquely
striated, broadly concave in the middle, the sides of the
segment finely and closely obliquely striated, the posterior
slope finely rugulose, with a raised V-shaped median area.
Abdomen rather sparsely punctured ; first tergite deeply and
widely emarginate anteriorly ; second sternite gradually raised
into an acute transverse carina at the apex. Seventh tergite
tridentate at the apex, the middle spine the longest. Second
cubital cell petiolate, the petiole very short ; third cubital
cell half as long again on the radius as on the cubitus; first
recurrent nervure received close to the base of the second
cubital cell, second just beyond three-quarters from the base.

@. Eyes separated on the vertex by a distance only equal
to the length of the first joint of the flagellum, nearer to each
other than in the male ; second joint of flagellum at least
twice as long as its apical breadth. Sixth tergite elongate,
pointed at the apex, with sparse elongate punctures. Basal
joint of fore tarsus with six spines. ,

Hab. Khan Yunnus, 12 miles 8.W. of Gaza, June 1917;
1g,42 9.

This belongs to the group of P. lepidus, Klug; but, in
addition to the strong colour-differences, the abdomen is much
more sparsely and more strongly punctured ; the eyes in both
sexes are nearer together on the vertex, and the carina of the
second sternite is acute, not broad as in ¢ lepidus.

On Reduviide from British India. ripe

X.—Descriptions of new Species and Genera of the Hete-
ropterous Family Reduviide from British India. By
W. L. Distant.

I aM indebted to the kindness of Mr. E. A. Butler for sub-
mitting for examination another collection of this family
made by his indefatigable friend and excellent collector
Dr. T. V. Campbell in Southern India. The types of all the
species are now in the collection of the British Museum.

Ploiariola scotti.
Ploiariola scotti, Dist. Tr, Linn. Soc. xvi. p. 163, pl. xii. fig. 2 (1918).

Hab. 8. India ; Chikkaballapura (Dr. T. V. Campbell).
Originally described from the Seychelle Islands.

Stenolemus hirtipes, sp. n.

Head and pronotum very pale ochraceous, apex of head
and basal area of pronotum more viresecent ; scutellum
blackish ; corium of hemelytra greyish white, a small linear
spot on clavus, and a large and more quadrate spot on apical
area fuscous ; membrane greyish white, mottled with large
fuscous spots which are discal on basal half and marginal on
apical half, the central and largest spot with ochraceous
linear mottlings ; body beneath brownish olivaceous ; rostrum
fuscous ; legs greyish, anterior legs mottled with fuscous
brown, intermediate and posterior femora strongly and longly
pilose and blackly annulate, intermediate and posterior tibize
longly pilose and with a black annulation near base ; antennze
fuscous, with a few pale annulations, of which the broadest
is at base; pronotum anteriorly globose, the central area
narrow and cylindrical, the posterior area strongly tricarinate.

Long. 11 mm.

Hab. 8. India ; Chikkaballapura (Dr. T. V. Campbell).

Eugubinus intrudans, Dist. Entomologist, xviii. p. 8 (1915).

I originally described this species found in webs of spiders
(Cyrtophora cicatrosa, Stoliczka) in 8. India, Cochin State,
Ermakulam. Dr. Campbell has now sent Mr, K. A. Butler

another specimen from Chikkaballapura.

NEOKLUGIA, gen. nov.

Allied to Oncocephalus, Klug, but with the apical spine to
the seutellum moderately curved upwardly; rostrum with
6*

72 Mr. W. L. Distant on

the first joint much shorter than the two apical joints to-
gether, subequal in length to the second joint; anterior
femora only slightly or moderately incrassated, with a single
series of slender short spinules beneath ; head cylindrical,
shortly but distinctly spined at base of each antenna, the
anteocular area much longer than the postocular ; first joint
of the antenne about as long as the pronotum, distinctly
finely hirsute ; pronotum with the anterior lobe shorter than
the posterior lobe, shortly but distinctly armed on each side
of anterior margin, and moderately tuberculous on disk,
posterior lobe strongly centrally longitudinally furrowed, the
lateral basal angles distinctly spined ; posterior legs with the
femora and tibize about or almost of equal length.

Neoklugia typica, sp. n.

Head and anterior area of pronotum very dark ochraceous
or purplish red; eyes black, and between them the colour is
sometimes more or less of the same hue; posterior pronotal
area, scutellum, corium, rostrum, body beneath, and legs more
or less ochraceous ; membrane dull greyish brown; a small
spot outside apex of clavus, the large basal areola before
membrane, and a subapical linear spot to membrane casta-
neous ; apices of femora a little darker in hue; apical spine
to scutellum black and distinctly, concavely, upwardly
curved ; other characters as in generic diagnosis.

Long. 14 mm.

Hab. 8. India; Chikkaballapura (Dr. T. V. Campbell).

NEOTHODELMUS, gen. nov.

Body elongate, narrow; head long, cylindrical, anteocular
area longer than postocular area, the latter longitudinally
margined on each side with a series of short spines ; antennas
with the first joint about or nearly as long as head, mode-
rately incrassated ; rostrum with the first joint about as long
as the second and third joints together; pronotum long and
slender, very narrow from about one-third from base, which
is truncate, more than twice longer than broad at base ;
scutellum small, elongately triangular ; membrane extending
to base of posterior abdominal segment ; anterior femora
distinctly incrassated, shortly and very finely spined beneath,
about subequal in length to anterior tibiz;° posterior and
intermediate tibize and femora slender, the posterior about
twice as long as the intermediate.

Allied to Thodelmus, Stal.

Reduviide from British India. 73

Neothodelmus typicus, sp. n.

Pale dull ochraceous: basal area of pronotum and the
membrane dull greyish, the first palest, and with a dark spot
near each basal angle, head purplish black, the anteocular
area darker than the postocular ; body beneath and legs pale
ochraceous, anterior femora finely inwardly streaked with
black, anterior tibie centrally, basally, and apically (more or
less distinctly) annulated with black; all the tarsi more
or less distinctly annulated with black ; a rounded black spot
near base of membrane.

Long. 18 mm.

Hab. 8. India; Chikkaballapura (Dr. 7. V. Campbell).

Pasiropsis major, sp. n.

Black; antennz and tibiw brownish ochraceous, the latter
darker on basal areas; tarsi pale ochraceous ; a transverse
arcuated greyish-white fascia crossing corium near base, but
not entering clavus; first joint of antennze slightly incras-
sated, scarcely or only slightly passing apex of head, darker
in hue than the other joints ; anterior pronotal lobe strongly
sculptured, posterior lobe with a narrow central longitudinal
incisure and with a broadly coarsely punctate submarginal
incisure before each lateral margin, the lateral basal angles
subnodulose ; scutellum passing claval apex, but not poste-
riorly elevated ; femora robust; hemelytra more opaquly
black than pronotum and scutellum.

Long. 14 mm. .

Hab. 8. India; Chikkaballapura (Dr. T. V. Campbell).

Edocla annulata, sp. n.

Head and anterior lobe of pronotum dull dark ochraceous,
narrow lateral margins of head and margins of anterior pro-
notal lobe black ; posterior pronotal lobe, the corium, and
legs stramineous ; scutellum (excluding apical spine), clavus,
membrane, triannulations to femora and tibiw, abdomen
beneath, large sternal spots, rostrum, and eyes dark fuscous
brown ; antennzs with the first and second Joints ochraceous, -
remaining joints fuscous, bases of first and second joints
stramineous ; apical area of membrane paler in hue ; first joint
of antennz shorter than head, second joint about as long as
head and anterior lobe of pronotum together ; anterior pro-
notal lobe strongly and irregularly rugulose ; apical spine of

74 Mr. W. L. Distant on

scutellum obliquely erect ; connexivum stramineous spotted
with fuscous.

Long. 9 mm.

Hab. 8. India ; Nandidrug (Dr. T. V. Campbell).

Allied to E. pelia, Dist., but differing by the shorter basal
joint of the antennee, the triannulated femora, stramineous
corium, &c.

Ectomocoris simulans, sp. n.

Allied to £. tibialis, Dist. (Faun. Brit. Ind. ii. p. 293,.
1904), but differing in having the whole of the first and
second joints of the antenne brownish ochraceous; the rudi-
mentary hemelytra broader, less oblique, and the whole of
their apical marginal areas black, not only spotted as in
E. tibialis, but also generally reaching or only just passing
the base of the first abdominal segment. : Paid

Long. 13-20 mm.

Hab. S. India; Chikkaballapura and Nandidrug (Dr. T, V.
Campbell) ; Vizagapatam.

Ectomocoris melanopterus, sp. Nn.

Dull black, opaque ; first and second joints of the antenne,
rostrum, legs, and irregular broad transverse fascia to hem-
elytra ochraceous ; apex of hemelytra reaching the posterior
margin of the third abdominal segment, the segmental mar-
gins very narrowly ochraceous ; legs somewhat longly
hirsute; second joint of the antenne a little longer than head.

Long. 14 mm.

Hab. S. India; Chikkaballapura (Dr. 7. V. Campbell).

Eetomocoris picturatus, sp. n.

Head, anterior lobe of pronotum, scutellum, and body
beneath black ; posterior lobe of pronotum purplish brown ;
hemelytra pale brownish; clavus (excluding base) and an
oblong spot outside clavus stramineous ; legs ochraceous or
reddish ochraceous ; connexivum beneath with minute ochra-
ceous marginal spots; antennee ochraceous, second joint about
as long as head; anterior lobe of pronotum longitudinally
sulcate ; hemelytra reaching abdominal apex ; anterior
femora strongly incrassated.

Long. 14 mm. .

Hab, 8. India; Chikkaballapura (Dr. T. V. Campbell).

Reduviide /rom British India. 75

Eectomocoris apicimaculatus, sp. ns

Allied to HE. cordiger, Stal (Faun. Brit. Ind. ii. p. 295,
1904), but differing in the following characters :— First joint
of antenne: black or piceous, and the second joint longer than
anterior lobe of pronotum ; connexivum unspotted ; apices of
femora, tibia, and tarsi black or piceous; membrane un-
spotted ; anterior lobe of pronotum much more finely, centrally,
longitudinally impressed, and the pronotal coloration more
opaque and piceous.

Long. 15 mm.

Hab. 8. India ; Yereand (Dr. T. V. Campbell).

Sphedanolestes aurescens, sp. n.

Bright shining golden yellow; antenne, apex of head,
eyes and a spot behind them, apex of corlum, membrane,
tibie, apex and lateral margins of the penultimate abdominal
segment beneath, and the tarsi black; basal joint of antennze
shorter than head and pronotum together, both pronotal lobes
centrally longitudinally suleate; femora nodulose ; membrane
moderately passing the abdominal apex.

Long. 9 mm.

Hab. 8. India; Bangalore (Dr. T. V. Campbell).

Sphedanolestes aterrimus, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, scutellum, and femora shining black ;
corium, membrane, and tibia more darkly fuscous ; con-
nexivum above and beneath spotted with ochraceous; antennse
black, first joint (excluding base and apex) and basal area of
second joint ochraceous ; first joint of antennze about as long
as head and pronotum together; pronotum with the anterior
lobe centrally longitudinally broadly sulcate, the posterior
lobe discally centrally excavate; femora nodulose ; membrane
extending slightly beyond the abdominal apex.

_ Long. 7 mm.
Hab. §. India ; Chikkaballapura (Dr. 7. V. Campbell).
Allied to S. indicus, Reut.

Endochus albomaculatus.
_ Endochus albomaculatus, Stal, GAfv. Vet.-Ak. Férh. 1859, p. 194; Dist.
Faun. Brit. Ind, ii. p. 366 (1904).
This species, already recorded from Ceylon, has now been
received from Dr. T. V. Campbell, who found it in S. India

76 Mr. W. L. Distant on
(Chikkaballapura). It is also recorded by Lethierry and

Severin from “ Cambodgia.”

Endochus erectus, sp. n.

Pale ochraceous ; antennz, body beneath, and legs stra-
mineous ; apical areas of abdomen (both above and beneath)
fuscous ; antenne ochraceous, apex of first joint and the
whole of the apical joints rosaceous ; eyes black; head dark
ochraceous, about as long as pronotum ; first joint of rostrum
distinctly longer than second joint; lateral basal pronotal
spines somewhat long, acute, and upwardly and forwardly
produced.

Long. 15 mm.

Llab. Nilgiri Hills ; Lovedale (Dx. T. V. Campbell).

Allied to E. albomaculatus, Stal, but differing from that
species in the colour, shape, and direction of the pronotal
spines, absence of white spot to corium, &c.

Endochus campbelli, sp. n.
Greyish black, shortly greyishly pilose; head behind

ocelli, rostrum, coxe and trochanters, upper surfaces of
anterior femora and tibia testaceous; intermediate and poste-
rior legs stramineous, with the apices of the femora testa-
ceous ; sternum and body beneath dull testaceous, thickly and
very finely mottled with greyish white ; abdomen above dull
testaceous, the connexivum with large ochraceous spots and
one beneath near apex ; antenne testaceous, becoming darker
in hue towards apex, more palely annulate near apex and
middle of first and near apex of third joints, first joint about
as long as posterior femora; lateral pronotal spines ochra-
ceous, somewhat longly acute, and nearly straightly directed
outwardly ; head about as long as pronotum.

Long. 22 mm.

Hab. 8. India; Chikkaballapura (Dr. T. V. Campbell).

Allied to 4. eingalensis, Stal, but differing by the colour of
the head and legs, the longer first antennal joint, &c.

Endochus parvispinus, sp. n.
Head thickly greyishly pilose, with a central, dark, longi-

tudinal, incised line, and a similar dark transverse line be-
tween eyes; anterior pronotal lobe dark ochraceous, with
irregular white linear markings ; posterior pronetal lobe
paler and thickly minutely spotted with greyish white, lateral
basal spines black; lateral margins and apex of scutellum

Reduviide from British India. 77

ereyish white; corium similar in hue to posterior pronotal
lobe, but without the minute greyish-white spots ; abdomen
above brassy black, connexivum ochraceous; body beneath
thickly greyishly pilose ; basal joint of antennz black or
blackish and about as long as head, pronotum, and scutellum
together ; spines at bases of antenne minute; lateral pro-
notal spines slender, black, and laterally slightly upwardly
directed.

Long. 17-22 mm.

Hab, 8. In ia ; Chikkaballapura (Dr. T. V. Campbell).

Brassivola hystrix.

Brassivola hystrix, Dist. Faun. Brit. Ind, ii. p, 374; fig. 236, p. 373
(1904). ¢.

3. Smaller than ¢, lateral margins of abdomen not
dilated.

Long., g, 18 mm.

Hab, 8. India; Chikkaballapura (Dr, T. V. Campbell).

The female type was from Ceylon.

Isyndus modestus, sp. n.

Black ; antenne with a broad subapical annulation to first
joint, basal or subbasal annulations to second and third joints,
and apical annulations to third and fourth joints, tessellate
markings to anterior pronotal lobe, broad anterior margin and
narrow hind margin to posterior pronotal lobe, lateral margins
and apex to scutellum, corium (excluding clavus), and seg-
mental spots to connexivum more or less ochraceous ; mem-
brane bronzy black ; body beneath greyishly pilose, marginal
spots, stigmata, and abdominal incisures black; legs black,
anterior femora with two subapical annulations, intermediate
and posterior femora with a single basal annulation, testaceous
or ochraceous ; lateral pronotal angles somewhat shortly
spinous, the spines slightly directed backwardly, anterior
pronotal lobe with a short tuberculous spine on each lateral
margin,

Long. 17-22 mm.

Hab. 8. India; Chikkaballapura (Dr. T. V. Campbell).

Allied to J. reticulatus, Stal.

Coranus militaris, sp. n.

Black ; posterior lobe of pronotum (excluding a black spot
near each lateral margin), a curved transverse line to scu-
tellum, corinm (excluding clavus and apex), and spots to

78 On Reduviide from British India.

connexivum sanguineous; tarsi pale fuscous ; anterior femora
strongly incrassated ; anterior pronotal lobe centrally sulcate,
but the sulcation not reaching the anterior margin, the poste-
rior lobe with its hind margin moderately excavate before
scutellum.

Long. 8 mm.

Hab. S. India; Chikkaballapura (Dr..T. V. Campbell). -

Coranus vitellinus, sp. n.

Brownish ochraceous ; eyes, broad lateral fasciz to post-
ocular area of head, eyes, clavus, spots to connexivum, mem-
brane, and submarginal fascize to abdomen beneath either
fuscous or pale bronzy brown; legs brownish ochraceous, the
femora either distinctly or indistinctly darkly annulate ; an-
tenne ochraceous, the extreme apices of the joints usually
distinctly darker in hue; scutellum with a central, pale,
narrow, longitudinal fascia ; first joint of antenne about as
long as head; basal lateral pronotal angles broadly angulate ;
apical joint of the rostrum fuscous.

Long. 9-10 mm.

Hab. 8. India; Chikkaballapura (Dr. T. V. Campbell).

Alleorhynchus notatus, sp. n.

Stramineous, eyes and posterior lobe of pronotum black ;
ocelli dark purplish ; two discal spots on anterior lobe of
pronotum, scutellum, apical half of clavus, and corium (ex-
cluding base and a marginal spot beyond middle) pale purplish
brown; connexivum with four marginal black spots ; legs
stramineous, femora with darker subapical annulations ; large
lateral spots to meso- and metasterna and subapical marginal
annulations to posterior half of connexivum beneath black ;
antenne black, basal joint stramineous ; membrane purplish
brown, with the apical area greyish white and passing the
abdominal apex ; intermediate femora with a short black
spine near middle of posterior margin.

Long. 53-6 mm.

Hab. S. India; Chikkaballapura (Dr. T. V. Campbell).

Alleorhynchus bicoloratus, sp. n.

Pale ochraceous; head and posterior lobe of pronotum
shining black ; scutellum and corium (excluding base) dull
black ; meso- and metasterna and a central longitudinal fascia
to abdomen beneath black ; second joint of antenne distinctly

On Two Species of Brachycheteumide. 79

black, basal joint of antennze shorter than head ; connexivum
with small black spots.
Long. 55 mm,

Hab. 8. India ; Nandidrug (Dr. T. V. Campbell).

Phorticus varicolor, sp. n.

Head black; pronotum ochraceous, with two large basal
black spots which occupy nearly the whole of base and nar-
rowly extend up the lateral margins; scutellum and hemelytra
dark brownish, the latter with a large basal angular and an
apical ochraceous spot ; membrane black ; body beneath and
legs ochraceous ; antennz ochraceous, second joint blackish,
basal joint scarcely passing apex of head; first and second
joints more or less incrassate ; membrane slightly passing abdo-
minal apex; abdomen beneath and legs ochraceous, sternum
black ; abdominal incisures very distinct and slightly darker
in hue.

Long. 34 mm.

Hab. 8. India ; Chikkaballapura (Dr. 7. V. Campbell).

Genus LANCA.
Lanca, Dist. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xviii. p. 869 (1906) ; Faun,
Brit, Ind., Rhynch. y. p. 212, fig. 117 (1910).
Epidaus, Bergr. (nec Stal), Journ. Bomb, Nat. Hist, Soc. xxiv. p. 175
(1915).

Rostrum with the first joint shorter than the two remaining
HORUS ECO CELOT she! & Jin vcr avotged PA chads exe boise Orie hoe. + 58 Epidaus.
Rostrum with the first joint slightly longer than second joint. Lanca.

Bergroth (supra) writes that Lanca “is a plain synonym
of Epidaus.”” I have figured the rostrum of each genus in
my Haun. Brit. Ind.

XI.—On the Discovery of Two Species of Brachycheteumide,
a Minor Group of Millipedes peculiar to the British Isles.
By RicHarp 8. BAaGnatt, F.L.S.

THE species of the genus Brachycheteuma are smallish
millipedes ranging from 7 to 8 mm. in length, belonging to
the Ascospermophora, white to dirty yellowish-white in

80 Mr. R. 8. Bagnall on

colour, being devoid of pigment. They have thirty body-
segments, the lateral keels are weakly defined, and the ocelli
few in number, usually indistinct and poorly pigmented.
That they are clearly of Chordeumid (s. 1.) affinities may be
recognized on the field.

The members of the genus are to be found on the ground
surface beneath shallow coverings of fallen leaves or under
stones, sheltering in crevices or about the roots of vegetation.
If found on the surface of the earth or perhaps on the under
surface of the upturned stone, they usually remain quiet for
some little time, and will then, or if but slightly disturbed,
run away with a quick gliding movement. If less mildly
disturbed, or touched for instance by the dead leaves one may
be removing, they will quickly curl up, and, the conformation
of the ground being suitable, roll away.

The best time to search for these animals would seem to
be from the early spring (say, March) to May, and again in
the late autumn.

Although we now know four species of Brachycheteuma,
the genus is only of recent discovery. The first species and
type of the genus and family, Brachycheteuma bagnalli,
Verhoeff, was described in 1911*, and in greater detail the
following year t, from a single male example collected by
the writer in Gibside, a fine old piece of woodland in the
county of Durham.

Until 1917, when Dr. Hilda and the Rev. S. Graham
Brade-Birks diagnosed Brachycheteuma bradee (Brol. et
Brade-Birks) | from Lancashire (examples of both sexes
having been secured), no further discoveries of the group had
been made. ‘They referred this species to a new genus—
Jacksoneuma,—but upon the rediscovery of Brachycheteuma
bagnalli, as detailed below, Verhoeff’s description of the
genus proved to be at fault in three important particulars, so
that the genus Jacksoneuma, the erection of which was fully
justified upon the data at that time available, had to be

* Verhoeff, K. W., “ Ueber Brachycheteuma, n. g., und Titanosoma
Jurassicum aus England,” Zool. Anz. xxxviii. pp. 455-458, Nov. 14, 1911.

+ Verhoeff, K. W., ‘On the Occurrence of Brachycheteuma, Titano-
soma, and Polymicrodon in England,” Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Northd.,
Durham, and Newcastle, n. s. iv. pp. 148-167, pls. ix. & x., June 1912.

Bagnall, R. 8., “ Brief Records of Chetechylene vesuviana, Newp., and
other Myriapods new to the British Fauna,” The Zoologist, xvi. pp. 264-
266, July 1912.

¢ Brade-Birks, Hilda K. and Rey. S. G., “ Notes on Myriapoda.—VIT.
“ A new Member of the Order Ascospermophora (Jacksoneuma bradee,
gen, et sp. nov.),” Journ. Zool. Res. ii. pp. 185-149, figs., Dec. 1917.

Two Species of Brachycheteumide. 81

withdrawn, and the diagnosis of the genus Brachycheteuma
and the family Brachychzeteumide amended *.

The Discovery of Brachycheteuma melanops.

A few months after Brachycheteuma bradeew had been
made known I happened to be in London, and between
appointments with Admiralty officials 1 spent a short week-
end with a friend in the Honorable Artillery Company, then
encamped at Swanage. Thusit happened that on the evening
of my arrival on April 6th, 1918, and when it was almost
dusk, I stumbled upon another species of the genus, which
occurred in numbers below Belle Vue, and, proving to be
new, has been described by my friends under the name
Brachycheteuma melanops +.

The cliffs at Belle Vue are very beautiful, standing out in
somewhat marked contrast to those on either side. High
up are plantations of evergreens, cedars, pines, laurestinas,
and holly-oaks, and from here one can see the bay flanked to
the left by a green-clothed prominence screening Peveril
Point, and to the right by the undercliff stretching away to
Durlston Head. ‘The undercliffs are intersected by paths,
the main one leading to Durlston Head, but here broken
away and there perhaps blocked by a fall of rock from
above; the undergrowth is chiefly of bracken and bramble,
but towards the ‘* Head” and below the plantations are little
groves—conifers, poplars, and privet predominating,—with
tracks leading perhaps to a little knoll or winding to the
shore below.

I first discovered B. melanops in some plenty by scraping
the surface covering of fallen leaves and needles in the lower
plantations and groves where somewhat damp; later I found
it under stones, but only in this sparsely wooded area, and
not on the undercliffs. It was very plentiful—perhaps the
most plentiful myriapod in early April,—but was found in
less numbers six weeks later.

In October 1918 I found a few examples of a Brachy-
cheteuma in the neighbourhood of Torquay and Babbacombe
which proved to be the Swanage species, B. melanops, and
on December 31st, 1918, and New Year’s Day, 1919, it

* Brade-Birks, Hilda K. and Rev. G.S., “ Notes on Myriapoda.—X.
On the Family Brachycheteumide,” J. c. iii. pp. 47-58, figs., Oct. 1918.

+ Brade-Birks, Hilda K. and Rey. S. G., “ Notes on Myriapoda.—XI.
Description of a new Species of Diplopoda (Brachychetewma melanops),”
1. ¢, lil. pp. 55-61, figs., Oct. 1918.

82 Mr. R.S. Bagnall on

occurred more frequently than in October, probably because
the undergrowth was less dense and I had better opportunities
for this class of collecting. :

On this latter visit I spent some hours exploring Kent’s
Cavern with my friend Mr. J. Williams Vaughan, where
B. melanops was one of the dominant myriapods ; it occurred
in the inmost depths of the caves and in all the galleries.

The Re-discovery of B. bagnalli.
Although I repeatedly searched for B. bagnalli in Gibside,

I was never able to turn up further examples ; but shortly
after my return from Swanage and the discovery of B. me-
lanops Mr. H. 8. Wallace gave me a tube collected in
a garden at Haddrick’s Mill, Newcastle-on-Tyne, in the
last week of April 1918, which contained six examples of
B, bagnalli, 5 2 ¢ and 1 g, and a 9 example of another
recently described millipede, Afonacobates tenuis, Bigler *.
I accordingly accompanied my friend to Haddrick’s Mill,
where we took several examples of both sexes in and
about the precincts of an old quarry; and subsequent
visits proved that the species was well established and not
uncommon.

Later I found a little colony under a log in a garden at
Fenham, another residential part of Newcastle 2 miles or
more distant from Haddrick’s Mill, and only this month (May)
Mr. Wallace found a female example at Hexham, where I
ultimately turned up both sexes, and thus established its
identity.

Ecological Notes.

In the cited discoveries of B. melanops and B. bagnalli I
noticed a certain definite association of allied forms, and if
zoologists find certain of the millipedes or centipedes named
below there should be a chance of meeting with Brachy-
cheteuma.

For the uninitiated I should add that Stigmatogaster
subterraneus, Clinopodes linearis, and Chetechylene vesuviana
are large Geophilids, a family of long slender centipedes,
generally yellow or yellowish-brown and bearing a large
number of legs. Chordeumella scutellare is a “‘square-backed ”

* Bigler, Walter, “‘ Die Diplopoden von Basel und Umgebung,” Rey.
Suisse Zool. Genéve, xxi. pp. 675-793, pls. xvii.—xix., 1913.

Bagnall, R. 8., “ Records of some new British Diplopods and Pauro-
pods, with a Preliminary Check List of the British ‘ Myriapoda,’” Journ.
Zool. Res. iii. pp. 87-93, Oct, 1918.

Two Species of Brachycheteumide. 83

millipede belonging to the Microchordeumide, and therefore
more closely related to Brachycheteumidz ; it is smallish,
has 28-30 body-segments, and the lateral keels are vestigial.
Macrosternodesmus palicola and Ophiodesmus albonanus ave
our two smallest examples of the true square-backed milli-
pedes of the family Polydesmide ; they are both white; the
former is the smaller and more slender, has 19 body-segments,
and the lateral keels are irregular (notched or “ toothed ’’) as
in Polydesmus and Brachydesmus, whilst Ophiodesmus has
20 body-segments, with the lateral keels entire as in Ortho-
morpha. Monacubates isa Protoiulid, very slender and small,
like a short piece of animated wire.

Brachycheteuma melanops.

SWANAGE (Jurassic formation). Stigmatogaster subter-
raneus, common; Aacrosternodesmus palicola, frequent; the
recently discovered Ophiodesmus albonanus, both sexes,
several ; and Monacobates tenuis, rare.

Torquay Disrrict (Middle Devonian). Whilst collecting
in this district no species were found commonly or in company,
but the following were noted while searching for Brachy-
chateuma :—Stigmatogaster, rare and apparently replaced by
Chetechylene vesuviana, a species so far only known from
South Devon in our country ; Dlacrosternodesmus, Ophio-
desmus, uid tle Jonacobates, rare.

Brachycheteuma bagnalli.

Gibside, Co. DurHam (Carboniferous). Stigmatogaster,
rare; Macrosternodesmus and Monacobates, in numbers. The
original example ot B. bagnalli was found here, but has not
yet been rediscovered, and a solitary female example of
Chordeumel/a is also recorded,

NEWCASTLE-ON-1'YNE (Carboniferous). Haddrick’s Mill :
Stigmatogaster, not uncommon; Maerosternvdesmus and
Monacobates, frequent ; Chordeumella sp., once only. Fen-
ham: Stigmatogaster, Macrosternodesmus, and Monacobates
were all found under the single log harbouring the Fenham
colony of B. bagnalli,

Hexuam (Millstone Grit). Monacobates occurred in very
large numbers, together with a few of a similar creature—
Nopotulus palmatus,—but only two examples of Macrosterno-
desmus were found. A Geophilid, curiously resembling
Stigmatogaster, proved to be Clinepodes linearis,a rare southern
form that I had not previously met with.

84 Mr. W. J. Kaye on new Nymphalide cc.

An Atlantean Group ?

Species of terrestrial arthropods peculiar to our country are
rare, and particularly so if we consider groups which have
had an equal or greater attention from Continental naturalists.
Since the pioneer work of Newport, Leach, and (later) Meinert
and Latzel, the Central and Southern European “ Myriapods ”
have received close study, whilst until very recently the
British forms have been entirely neglected. Yet here we
have a natural group containing four species* widely distri-
buted in this country, not extraordinarily small and without
any near relatives on the Continent. If the group had its
centre of distribution in Western Europe, then it would have
spread east and south, and remnants would have surely been
found on the Continent of to-day. Similarly, were the group
of Lusitanian origin it would be more richly represented in
the Mediterranean subregion than with us. But not only is
Brachycheteuma or allied genus unknown elsewhere, but its
distribution with us (north, south, midlands, east, and west of
England) does not suggest a Lusitanian group, and we are
thus forced to suggest that Brachycheteuma is of Atlantean
origin, and that in the very dim past it formed a modest
member of the fauna of the old continent of Atlantis.

XII.—New Species and Genera of Nymphalide, Syntomide,
and Sphingide in the Joicey Collection. By W. J. Kaye,

F.E.S.

Family Nymphalida.

The confusion over certain species of Callithea is consider-
able, and as a foreword to the description of the new forms
that follow it is as well to state the position adopted. Calh-
thea davisi was described by Butler (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist.
ser. 4, vol. xx. p. 123, 1877), as Hewitson had confused two
species under one name—markii. Fig. 2 of Hewitson (Ex.
Butt., Callithea, pl. i.)—the first under the species—becomes

* For description of the fourth species see Brade-Birks, Hilda K. and
Rev. S. G., “ Notes on Myriapods.—XII. A Preliminary List for Derby-
shire, with a Description of Brachycheteuma quartum, sp. 0., and Chord-
ewmella scutellare bagnalli, var. n.,” Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 9, xi.
pp. 319-336, figs., Oct. 1918.

in the Joicey Collection. 85

the type of the species marki7, and fig. 5 is another species
which Butler named davist. This was all correct. till
Staudinger, not knowing of Butler’s description, described
this same insect as hewitsont in Exot. Tag. i. p. 123 (1888).
Staudinger also gave the name wallacei to Hewitson’s figs. 2,
3,6, but quite unjustifiably. C. davist now seems to have
several local races, of which I describe below two as new.
The C. refulgens may be a race of markit. C. batesi is most
probably a distinct species, with the hind margin of the hind
wing bluish green and the broad apical area of fore wing of
the same colour. The 2 2 of batest and markii may. be
distinguished by these characters and also by the amount of
yellow at the base of the hind wing. Batest has a large
yellow area stretching halfway across the cell, while marki
has a very small amount and much broken up with brown.
The synonymy of these three species is as follows :—

Callithea markit, Hew. Ex. Butt., Call. i. publ. 1862 (plate
dated 1857, ined.).

Callithea wallacet, Stgr. Ex. Tag. i. p. 123 (1888).
Callithea markit (=wallacet), Rob. in Seitz. Mac. Lep. v. p. 491 (1915).

Hab. Upper Amazons, Tetfé.

Callithea bates’, Hew. Trans. Ent. Soe. i. pl. xi. (1850).

Callithea batesi, Hew. Ex. Butt., Callithea, pl. i. figs. 1, 4 (1862); Rob.
in Seitz. Mac. Lep. v. p. 491 (1915).

Hab. Upper Amazons.
Callithea davisi, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 4, vol. xx.

p. 123 (1877).

Callithea markii, Hew. (part.), Exot. Butt., Cadi. pl. i. fig. 5 (1862).
Callithea hewitsoni, Stgr. Exot. Tag. i. p. 123 (1888) ; Rob. in Seitz.
Mac. Lep. v. p. 491 (1915).

Hab. Colombia, Upper Amazons, Peru.

This species has at least three separate races :—
Callithea davisi davisi, Butl.

Colombia.

Callithea davist croceus, Kaye.
N. Peru, Contamana, Rio Ucayali.

Callithea davisi tirapatensis, Kaye.
S. Peru, Tirapata.
Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Bol. iv. - 7

86 © Mr. W.J. Kaye on new Nymphalidae de.

Callithea davisi croceus, subsp. n.

Fore wing ochreous with a slight pinkish tinge. Broad
apical area black except near costa, which is deep blue.
Inner margin black with only very slight suffusion near base.
Hind wing purplish blue, with the area about tornus brightest.

Expanse 62 mm.

Hab. Ecuador, Sarayacu, Upper Amazons, Jurua.

This subspecies is very like davisi davisi, except for the
yellow fore wing. The next following subspecies from South
Peru is much further removed.

Type in Coll. Joicey.

Callithea davisi tirapatensis, subsp. n.

Fore wing yellowish ochreous, the inner margin blackish
extending basally into the cell. Apical area black, with
hardly a trace of blue, and the small apical greenish streak
often with a whitish area in centre. Hind wing black, with
a conspicuous blue patch at tornus extending beyond vein 2
internally and beyond vein 4 externally. Fore wing below
with the lower part cf the greenish apical area blackish
internally.

Expanse 62 mm.

Hab. 8. Peru, Tirapata, Yahuarmayo.

Type in Coll. Joicey.

Callithea refulgens, sp. n.

g. Fore wing like markit, Hew., but the blue of the distal
half deeper internally and lighter externally and in costal
area. The base pinkish ochreous inclining to reddish. The
apex dull blackish, with a narrow subapical slaty green band.
The whole broad distal half or more of the wing various
shades of deep brilliant blue, becoming blackish internally
and on the inner margin. Hind wing with a faint indication
of a slaty greenish subterminal band mostly obscured by the
deep blue of the ground-colour. Costa dull blackish, without
a basal or subbasal orange patch. Inner margin broadly and
outer margin narrowly dull blackish. Blue area of hind wing
brightest between veins 2 and 4. Fore wing below with the
basal area ochreous; tornus, except at extreme margin and
along veins for a short distance, blackish. A pair of small
black spots between veins 4, 5 and 5, 6. Broad apical area
glistening slaty blue. Hind wing below with an ochreous
basal stripe. Ground-colour slaty bluish, with four transverse
rows of black spots in distal half, the two outermost spots at
apex suffused with ochreous.

Expanse 60 mm.

in the Joicey Collection. 87
Hab. Brazil, Parana (?).

This locality is more than questionable. Typical marki
occurs at Ega, on the Upper Amazon, and it is even possible
the present species may be an aberration of it. Hewitson’s
locality for markit is New Grenada, but as he figures both
davisi and markii under the same name, his locality probably
refers to the dav/si, which is a Colombian species. His fig. 2
on pl. i., Callithea in Ex. Butt., agrees with what is known
from the Ega district of the Amazon.

Type in Coll. Joicey.

Family Nymphalide.
Subfamily Irzouzrwz.
Velamysta pardalis totumbra, subsp. n.

3. Fore wing like pardalis pardalis, except that there are
no blackish marks in dise and the S-shaped black discoidal
mark is much less pronounced. Inner margin less heavily
black. Hind wing ochre-brownish as in fore wing, without
discoidal patch and no trace of a black band thence to inner
margin.

@. Both fore and hind wing ochre-brownish. Fore wing
with all the black markings less than in pardalts pardalis.
Hind wing with asmall black mark along discocellalar within
the cell. No black band connecting the inner margin.

Expanse 74 mm.

Hab. N. Peru, River Tabaconas, 6000 ft. (A. #. & F.
Pratt).

‘l'ype in Coll. Joicey.

Haensch, in Seitz. vol. v. p. 158, says of pardalis :—“ In
the 2? the hind wing is of thé same brownish colour as the
fore wing.” ‘This is incorrect, as in both pardalis pardalis
and pardalis totumbra the sexes are alike as to colour; par-
dalis has white hind wings and totumbra brownish.

Family Syntomide.
Mimagyrta chocoensis, sp. n.

Head blue-black; palpi black; frons white; antenne
black ; legs with coxee white and white stripes on femur and
tibia ; tarsus wholly black. Abdomen bluish black, with
slender subdorsal white streaks, below white. Fore wing
bluish black shot with bright blue at base; a hyaline sub-
apical narrow patch with veins 3, 4, and 5 showing black
across it. A triangular flat hyaline streak below the cell,
with its sharp apex pointing to base and its short side against
vein 2. Hind wing shot with brilliant blue, the apex blackest

me

88 Mr. W. J. Kaye on new Nymphalide &c.

and with least gloss; a large hyaline transverse area occu-
pying the central area of wing and with the median and
veins 3 and 4 showing black upon it.

Expanse 30 mm.

Hab. W. Colombia, Tado, Rio San Juan, Choco, Colombia,
250 ft. (@. M. Palmer), June 1909.

Type in Coll. Joicey.

Pseudomelisa demiavis, sp.-n.

@. Head blue-black, frons white and white patches at the
sides of the eyes. Tegulze and patagia black, with a few
white hairs. Abdomen elongated, shiny dark blue. Legs
dark bluish black. Fore wing dark steely blue. A small
divided transparent spot in middle of cell; a long narrow
transparent spot lying just outside cell close to base, and a
series of fine irregularly shaped spots across disc to tornus.
The upper one is between veins 5 and 6, the next two are
close together and between veins 3, 4 and 4, 5. The next is
the largest and is immediately below cell between veins 2, 3,
and the last is placed just above vein 16. Hind wing very
small, dark steely blue except for a small transparent spot at
base.

Expanse 35 mm.

Hab. W. Africa, Cameroons, Bitje, Ja River, 2000 ft.,
Oct.-Nov. 1912.

Type in Coll. Joicey.

Chrysocale olivotincta, sp. n.

Base of palpi white and some white scaling on fore coxe.
Frons black. Tegule with a few white scales. Thorax
black. Abdomen black, with segments 3, 4, 5, 6 edged above
with clayish ochreous and with a series of white dorsal spots
on all the segments except the last, which is black. Fore
wing dark olive-green, with an elongated transparent spot
below the median. A faint indication of a white mark just
above within the cell. Hind wing very dark olive-green,
with a large wedge-shaped area below the cell transparent,
but not reaching base or inner margin. A lateral series of
white spots to abdomen and two or three ventral white spots.
Legs black except for the white on fore coxe.

Expanse 48 mm.

fab. ?

Tie species looks as if it might have come from the same
locality as Ohrysocale enigma, but this is mere conjecture.
This is a Chrysocale in all points of neuration, but there is no
rough hair on the abdomen. It comes close to Chrysocale

in the Joicey Collection. 89

chryseis, which appears in Hampson’s ‘ Catalogue Phalznz,’
vol. i. under Calonotos.

Type in Coll. Joicey.

Cyanopepla fulgurata, sp. n.

Palpi black, with some white scales above, metallic green
beneath. Frons, collar, tegule, and patagia metallic green.
Thorax black, with metallic green, abdomen green. Fore
wing black, with a rather narrow crimson band com-
mencing below costa and finishing just before tornus. Be-
tween veins 4 and 5 a short metallic-green streak. At base
extending nearly to discal band four metallic-green streaks,
Cilia black, at tip white. Hind wing brilliant metallic blue.
In the median area and on inner margin slightly paler.
Cilia black on apical margin and white on inner margin.

Expanse 36 mm.

Hab. N. Peru, Pachitea.

This may be arace of C. julia, but it has slightly less
elongated wings and a completely blue hind wing.

Type in Coll. Joicey.

Cyanopepla parvistria, sp. n.

Palpi black above, metallic green below. Collar and tegulee
metallic green; patagia black, with some metallic-green
scaling. Abdomen metallic green. Fore wing black, with a
very narrow discal crimson band. A minute green dot on
costa at base and a metallic-green streak along vein 15 heavy
at base. Hind wing deep metallic blue without any greenish
shade.

Expanse 50 mm.

Hab, Unknown.

Type in Coll. Joicey.

ACUTIA, gen. nov.

Proboscis fully developed, but weak. Antenne bipecti-
nated. Spurs to mid tibia minute. Fore wing with vein 2
placed very far back. Veins 3 and 4 before angle, 5 from
angle, 6 from middle of discocellulars, 7 from upper angle,
8 and 9 stalked, 10 and 11 from cell. Hind wing with 2 long
before end of cell, 3 and 4 shortly stalked from angle of cell,
5 from middle of discocellulars.

Type, A. bidensis.

90 Mr. W. J. Kaye on new Nymphalide &e.

Acutia bidensis, sp. n.

&. Fore wing very long and narrow, the base with a
golden streak. Margin and apical half dark brownish black.
A large transparent patch within the cell and a much larger
double transparent patch immediately below. A small square
transparent spot in apex, divided by vein 5. Hind wing
small, greatly pointed at apex, yellow, with the apex rather
broadly black. A small grey patch on costa. Abdomen
segmented with yellow. Head black, collar orange. Thorax
black, metathorax yellow.

?. Similar to male, except that the transparent patches
are much more yellowish. The hind wing larger, less pointed.
The fore wing more ample.

Expanse 26 mm.

Hab. Sarawak, Bidi, 1907-8 (C. J. Brooks).

Type in Coll. Joicey.

AEthria tenumarginata, sp. n.

3. Palpi black above, white beneath. Coxe above white,
beneath black. Frons with some white scales. Tegule
mostly metallic blue, but with some white scales. Patayia
metallic blue. Abdomen dark metallic bluish green, with a
large crimson anal tuft. Fore wing bluish hyaline, with
narrow black margins and narrow discoidal black spot. Hind
wing bluish hyaline, with a narrow black margin hardly
broader than the costal and inner margin of fore wing.

Expanse 27 mm.

Hab, French Guiana, St. Laurent.

Type in Coll. Joicey.

Phenicoprocta variabil’'s, sp. n.

g. Head black, frons metallic peacock-blue. Tegule with
some metallic blue and orange scales. Patagia orange.
Metathorax with a patch of blue. Abdomen with subdorsal
stripe of metallic green. Anal tuft crimson. Antenne
black, bipectinated, under surface white at tips. Fore cox
white below, crimson above. Mid and hind coxe with some
crimson hair. Fore wing dull brownish black, partly hyaline
at base of cell and immediately below. Hind wing trans-
parent, with a broad black margin.

Expanse 26 mm,

Ab. melapatagia,

Tegule and patagia black, with a few metallic-blue scales.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba,

Type in Coll, Joicey.

tn the Joicey Collection. 91

Pheia attenuata, sp. n.

Head black. Minute crimson dots behind the eyes.
Tegule with bright crimson spots preceded by some metallic-
green scaling. Base of patagia crimson. Abdomen black,
with some metallic-green scaling. On first segment a pair
of crimson dots. Fore wing black and transparent. Costa
narrowly black. Apex rather broadly black and at tornus a
rather heavy black area. Discoidal spot black. Hind wing
transparent, the apex broadly black, inner margin narrowly
black. Abdomen beneath with all but the last three segments
white.

Expanse 26 mm.

Alab. Panama, Gatun, 1. ii. 1913 (A. Hall).

Type in Coll. Joicey.

Pheia simillima, sp. n.

Frons, tegule, collar, and vertex of head with metallic-
green scaling. Thorax and patagia dark brownish black.
Metathorax with metallic green. Second abdominal segment
with subdorsal crimson spots. Abdomen black, with some
metallic-green scaling, terminal segment crimson. Fore wing
diaphanous, with margins and discocellular spot black. Apex
rather broadly black and an extension inwards at tornus.
Hind wing diaphanous, with outer margin narrowly black,
greatly reduced between veins 2 and 4, Abdomen beneath
with the first three segments covered by large white valve.
Fore cox pink beneath.

Expanse 23 mm.

Hab. Upper Amazon, Rio Ucayali.

Type in Coll. Joicey.

Huagra monoscopa, sp. n.

Head, thorax, and abdomen dark peacock-blue. Fore wing
with the base brilliant blue, the apex bluish black; a large
trapezoidal transparent area between veins 2 and 3, bounded
above by the wall of the cell and terminating just before
outer margin. Hind wing deep brilliant blue, darkest near
the outer margin.

Bxpanse 34 mm.

Hab. E. Ecuador, Alpayacu, Rio Pastazza (MM. G. Palmer).

Type in Coll. Joicey.

This insect strongly recalls Agyrta monoplaga, which has
the same scheme of colouring and a hind wing without any
transparent area.

92 Mr, W. J. Kaye on new Nymphalide ce.

Coreura sinerubra, sp. 0.

Palpi with the basal joint orange. Oollarorange. Thorax,
teoule, and patagia dull greenish black. Abdomen dull
metallic green. Fore wing dull greyish black, with a straight
transverse pale yellowish narrow band across disc just touching
the discocellulars and ending: just short of the tornus. Hind
wing rather dull greyish metallic green; cilia yellow. Fore
wing below with the transverse yellowish band much wider
than above. Hind wing below with the yellow colour of the
cilia extending to margin of wing. Both wings dull blackish,
with a slight metallic gloss.

Expanse 44 mm.

Hab, N. Peru, W. slope of Andes, 4000 ft. (Pratt).

Type in Coll Joicey.

Heliura quadriflavata, sp. n.

Head dark brownish black, collar orange. Thorax dark
brownish black, metathorax with orange patch. Abdomen
blackish. Fore wing olivaceous, with transparent patches.
The base blackish, with.a conspicuous orange spot. A long
transparent area lying just beneath the cell and a triangular
transparent area occupying the middle of the cell. The veins
olivaceous and two ,-shaped olive marks on the inner margin.
Four rectangular-shaped hyaline spots in pairs forming a
discal band. The extreme tip of the wing whitish. Hind
wing transparent, with the apex very broadly black and the
inner margin much less narrowly black. Fore and hind
wing below wholly black and transparent, without any viola-
ceous tint. Coxe pink and the basal half of mid and hind
femora also pink.

Eixpanse 38 mm.

Hab. French Guiana.

Type in Coll. Joicey.

Napata levata, sp. n.

Frons bluish white. Bluish-white spots on gule, patagia,
tegule, and behind the antennee. Fore wing very dark olive-
green, with a small hyaline spot at end of cell; asimilar spot
near base of cell, with a large semicircular spot immediately
below the cell. Two pairs of spots on disc—one pair just
beyond end of cell and the other pair between veins 3, 4 and
4, 5,—the smaller spot of the two here uppermost, while in
the former case it is reversed. Hind wing with a large
double basal hyaline spot and a hyaline spot in the cell, the
rest of the wing dark olive-green. Metathorax with metallic-
green spot. Abdomen with a pair of greenish-white spots on

tn the Joicey Collection. 93

first segment; the remaining segments metallic cupreous,
with the segmental joints darker.

Expanse 46 mm.

Hab, B.C. Peru, Chanchamayo.

Type in Coll. Joicey.

Delphyre leucomela, sp. n.

Fore coxe orange, mid and hind cox black ; palpi black ;
collar orange; thorax and abdomen black. Fore wing dark
brownish black, with a semihyaline roundish diseocellular
spot; discal area paler brownish, with elongated black
divided streaks along the veins; median area of wing blackish ;
a triangular semihyaline spot near base within the cell and a
large elongated spot immediately below. Hind wing with
the larger basal half semihyaline; a broad black marginal
band, broadest at apex and narrowest at lower corner of cell.
Underside of fore wing dull black except for hyaline spots ;
hind wing as above, except for some brownish scaling at outer
margin.

Expanse 28 mm.

Hab, French Guiana.

Type in Coll. Joicey.

Family Sphingide.
TIMORIA, gen. nov.

Type, T. concolorata.

3 ¢. Antenna slender, rather short, ending in a short
hook and bristle at the apex. Tongue very long. Palpus
rather short, not conspicuously protruding. yes large, not
lashed. Wings long and rather narrow. Abdomen long.
Legs long, without spines on tibie, Tarsi very heavily
sptned ; mid and hind tarsi with long combs at base ; first
seguient of hind tarsus very long, and longer than the other
four joints together ; hind tarsus altogether Jess than twice
the length of the cell. Veins 6 and 7 of hind wing from
angle of cell. Pulvillus and paronychium present, the latter
with two flaps on each side.

Hab. Timor Laut.

The genus differs from Meganoion by the shorter antennze
and much shorter hook, the non-stalking of veins 6 and 7
of hind wing, and by the shorter and less robust legs; the
palpus is also markedly smaller and less protruding.

Timoria concolorata, sp. n.

9. Fore wing dull blackish brown, with smail pale discal
spot ; several indistinct darker striz ; a dark brown elongated

94 Mr. H. A. Baylis on a new Species of

basal patch ; a heavily dented and strongly curved postmedian
line ; a subapical triangular brown patch, succeeded by an
intraneural series of large brown subterminal patches ; cilia
conspicuously chequered with white and brown. Hind wing
dull brown, paler than fore wing, with three darker indica-
tions of transverse bands near base ; basal area pale brownish

rey. Abdomen with a broad greyish-black dorsal stripe and
subdorsal black and white patches ; at base of first segment
subdorsal tufts of orange. ‘Thorax blackish brown. Abdo-
men below pale, whitish.

Expanse 100-110 mm.

Hab. Tenimber Island (W. J. Frost), 1918; 2 2 2.

Type in Coll. Joicey.

XIII.—A new Species of the Nematode Genus Crossocephalus
from the Rhinoceros. By H. A. Baytis, M.A.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

THE genus Crossocephalus has hitherto been known only
from its type-species, C. viviparus (v. Linstow)*, which
occurs in the zebra. I have now to place on record a second
form, parasitic in a rhinoceros (f. sumatrensis) from the
Malay Peninsula. The material at my disposal is unfortu-
nately not in the most perfect state of preservation, but it
serves for the purpose of a brief description, and is sufficient,
in my opinion, to warrant the erection of a new species.
Incidentally it also throws some light on a matter which has
been a source of confusion in the descriptions of C. viviparus,
viz., the structure of the very complicated and peculiar
mouth-apparatus.

Crossocephalus longicaudatus, sp. n.

Host: Rhinoceros sumatrensis.

This is a short, stout little worm, tapering rather suddenly
at the anterior end, in the region of the cesophagus. The
male measures about 7 mm. in length and 0°5 mm. in
maximum thickness, the female 9 to 10 mm. in length and
about 0°63 mm. in thickness. The cuticle has very fine
transverse striations. ‘here are no lateral ale. The mouth
is provided with six chitinous jaws (fig. 1, J.), each of which
bears a row of bristles externally, and asharp, slightly curved

* Pterocephalus viviparus, y. Linst., 1899; Crossocephalus viviparus,
Railliet, 1909.

Crossocephalus from the Rhinoceros. 95

tooth at its free end. The jaws are arranged in three pairs,
with the bristles of each pair turned towards each other.
Between the pairs of jaws there are very slightly raised
papille (fig. 1, P.). The jaws may either be everted and
project forward, as in the figure, or they may be completely
inverted into the buccal end of the cesophagus, in which case
the teeth point backwards, and the rows of bristles meet in
the middle of the lumen. Behind the head there is a cuticular
collar, bearing on each side a very large forwardly curved
papilla (fig. 1, C.P.).. When the jaws are inverted these
papillz project in front of the head like a pair of horns or
ears. No second pair of “ neck-papillw’’ corresponding to
those of C. viviparus has been detected.

GG) mam.

Crossocephalus longicaudatus. The head, showing the jaws in the everted
position ; dorsal view, highly magnified.

| C.P., ear-like papilla on the cuticular collar; J., jaw; P., oral papilla.

The cesophagus is about 1 mm. long, and expands into a
bulb before opening into the intestine.

The excretory pore is situated at about 2 mm. (slightly less
in the male) from the anterior end. It is in the form of a
long transverse slit on the ventral surface, having its lips
enclosed within an oval border of radiating cuticular ridges,
as has been described and figured by Gedoelst (1916) in the
case of the type-species.

In the male the tail (fig. 2) is 0°25-0°3 mm. long, and has
a fairly well-marked ventral flexure. ‘There are no ale.
The spicules (fig. 2, 8.) are unequal in length, measuring

96 ‘Mr. H. A. Baylis on a new Species of

respectively (in a straight line from base to tip) about
0-44 mm. and 0:24 mm... The caudal] papillae are rather
large and conical. ‘There are ten pairs, four preanal (fig. 2,
I-IV) and six postanal (fig. 2, 7-6). The fourth preanal
pair (JV) and the fifth postanal (5), counting from the tail-
tip, are laterally placed. The second postanal pair (2) are
actually dorsal in position.

The body of the female narrows suddenly at the base of
the tail. The anus opens in a transverse fold of the cuticle,
which is followed by several wrinkles. The tail tapers to a

Fig. 2. :

Crossocephalus longicaudatus. Lateral view of the tail of the male,
highly magnified.

S., spicules ; 1-6, postanal papille ; J-IV, preanal papille.

fine point, and is 1'7 mm. to 1:9 mm. long. The position of
the vulva has not been made out with certainty, but it is
probably very close to the anus. The uterus contains
embryos in various stages of development, not always enclosed
in an egg-membrane, and often of very large size, so that the
species is evidently viviparous, like the type-species.

The chief points in which this species differs from C. vivi-

Crossocephalus from the Rhinoceros. 97

parus, according to the descriptions of v. Linstow (1899) and
ot Gedoelst (1916), are :—

(1) The much greater length of the tail in the female.

(2) The absence of a second, flattened pair of neck-
papille behind the cuticular collar bearing the
long ear-like papilla.

(3) The absence of the six curved anterior spines
(‘‘crochets” of Gedoelst; ‘* Haken” of v. Linstow)
on the lips when the jaws are in the inverted
position.

(4) The larger number of caudal papilla in the male.

The following comparative table of measurements in the
two species may serve to complete the foregoing account. It
will be observed that the correspondence between them is
remarkably close, the most striking exception being the
length of the tail in the female. All the measurements are
in millimetres. The figures in square brackets have been
calculated from v. Linstow’s fractional measurements :—

C. viviparus C. viviparus :
(v. Linstow). (Gedoelst). CO longicaudatus.
de 6 iO. 3. 2. 3. .
Wieneths . ois 1.70%, 6°32 6°76 5°5-9'5 70 = ~=©9-10
Thickness ......| 0°43 0:55 0°28-0°512; 05 0°63
Length of ceso-
phacus, ...'.%': ba-oe] [0:9] 1:0-1:15 10 10
Length of tail ..| [0°26] [0°55] 0575 (025-03 17-19
Length of spi-| | 0:35, 044,
CHES) aisjes sat 0:26 rat 4; 0:24 ;
Vulva from anus, ». [2°34] | .. 0°192-0:208} .. (probably
(probably an close to
error), anus),
Excretory pore) (close behind
from ant. end .| cesophagus). 1:9-2-2 |(lessthan 2). 2:0
Excr. pore, out-
side measure-
ments of stri-
ated border 3 .. 04x 0°055 0°31 x 0:07
Do., thickness of
border’. ssi. 0-014 0:025

As regards the structure of the mouth-parts, it has already
been stated that some confusion exists in the descriptions of
C. viviparus. ‘This appears to have been due to the fact
that v. Linstow (1899) saw examples with the jaws in both
positions—everted and inverted,—whereas Gedoelst (1916)
was dealing only with specimens. having the jaws inverted

98 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and

within the cesophagus. It must he admitted, however, that
the figures accompanying v. Linstow’s account are decidedly
confusing, and it is not improbable that a failure to recognize
the manner in which the entire jaws fold down, like the
blades of a penknife, into the cesophagus, has been at the root
of the matter. The condition in the present species makes it
almost certain that the action of the jaws will be found to be
the same in C, viviparus.

One other point remains to be noticed. It does not seem
at all clear that the “kegelformige Spitzen” of v. Linstow
are the same as the “ papilles céphaliques” of Gedoelst, as
the latter supposes, since the former not only figures them as
being within the six “ Haken,” but expressly states that this
is the case. The fact that both authors describe and figure
six outwardly directed hooks on the lips in addition to what
I have termed the jaws (‘“ Fliigel” of v. Linstow, ‘lames
pectinées”” of Gedoelst) seems to indicate that they are both
referring to the same structure. The presence of the
“¢ Spitzen,”’ however, seems doubtful, and one is rather led to
believe that v. Linstow’s account, in this particular, may be
erroneous, possibly as the result of a misinterpretation of the
structure of the jaws. The present species apparently
possesses neither the ‘“ Spitzen”’ nor the ‘ Haken,” but it
occurs to meas not impossible that the incurved terminal
teeth of the jaws, when partly, but not wholly, everted, might,
by crossing each other, give rise to the appearance of six
forwardly-directed points occupying the centre of the oral
aperture.

The writer’s thanks are again due to Dr. G. A. K. Marshall,
of the Imperial Bureau of Entomol! logy, for the opportunity
of examining this material, which was collected by Mr. T. R.
Hubback.

REFERENCES.
GepoEtst,L. 1916. “Notes sur la Faune Parasitaire du Congo belge,”
Revue Zool. Afric. v. fase. 1p:

Linstow, O. von. 1899. “Nematoden aus der Berliner Zoologischen
Sammlung,” Mitt. Mus. Nat. Berlin, i. 2.

XIV.—Descriptions and Records of Bees —LXXXVI.
By T. D. A. Cocxrrett, University of Colorado.

Tue Indian bees recorded below were all received from
Mr. T. V. Ramakrishna Ayyar,

Crocisa ramakrishne, Cockerell. ,
Bangalore, at flowers of Cosmos, Aug. 25 (T. B. F);

Records of Bees. 99

Taliparamba, Malabar District, Sept. 830-Oct. 4 (Rama-
krishna Ayyar).

Crocisa histrio (Fabricius).
Beeravalli-Bellary District (C. N.). India.

Crocisa macraspis, sp. un.

¢.—Length about 10 mm.

Robust, black, with clear white markings (hair-patches) ;
anterior wings fuliginous ; scutellum unusually large, the
apical incision broad and open, but with straight sides ; no
white hair on scutellum, but a large white tuft beneath the
incision; thoracic markings with the usual pattern, but
median line reduced to a rather small elongate mark, stripe
above tegule reduced to anterior portion, median and
posterior mesothoracic spots large and rounded ; pleura with
a very broad median transverse band, narrowly connected
anteriorly with a large patch beneath wings, and an isolated
round spot ventrally ; anterior and middle tibizw covered
with white hair on outer side, hind tibie with about the
basal half white, the white divided from the black diagonally ;
hind basitarsi with a small tuft of white near base; head
with white hair; white on abdomen reduced to lateral
patches; on first segment shaped much like a bird’s head
and neck (reversed), the inner projection broad and obtuse,
but narrowing toward end; marks on the other segments
broader than long. The hind femora have a rounded keel
beneath, but no tooth.

Saidapet farm, Sept. 6, 1907, on flower (7. V. 2.). The
locality is in Madras.

Differs from C. ramosa by the much larger scutellum,
abdominal markings, &c.; the scutellum is also quite different
from that of C. ramosella. Compared with C. reductula, it is
larger and broader, with more white hair on tibiz.

Crocisa chionotricha, sp. n.

2 .—Length about 9 mm.

Looks like C. ramosella, Ckll., but is smaller, with the
markings pure white (instead of creamy white), scutellum
with white hair above the notch, and no long stripe of white
hair above the tegulz. Anterior wings fuliginous; head
with white hair; markings of thorax as usual, anterior
median band reaching level of anterior end of middle pair of
spots, s'ripe above tegu ze reduced to a large cuneiform mark
anteriorly ; posterior mesothoracic spots oblique ; pleura
marked nearly as in C. macraspis; scutellum deeply incised,
W-like, the points acute ; middle tibie with rather more,
and hind tibize with rather less, than basal half covered with

100 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and

white hair; abdominal markings reduced to lateral patches,
those on first segment shaped like a boot, those on second
curved upward and broadly emarginate laterally (shaped like
a human mandible), the others broader than long.

Coimbatore, 8. India, the type Feb. 7, 1913 (T. V. R.);
another Jan. 1, 1913 (4. G. R.).

In Friese’s tables this runs to C. ramosa, but the scutellum
is quite different.

Crocisa reducta, Cockerell.
Described from Singapore, but the same species comes
from the Island of Penang (Baker).
The posterior and lateral mesothoracic markings have
much the outline of the stem and bowl of a clay pipe.

Crocisa crucifera, Cockerell.
Described from the Philippine Is., but I cannot separate
one from Sandakan, Borneo (Baker, 9966).

Anthophora violacea, Lepeletier.
Parlakimedi, Nayaranapuram, Ganjam District, India,
May 1914 (Ramakrishna Ayyar). ¢.

Anthophora cingulifera, Cockerell.
Rockhill, 3500 ft., Coorg, Sidapur, April 1913(7.V.R.).¢@.

Anthophora confusa, Smith.
Pulney Hills, 8. India, May 1917 (P. S. Nathan). ¢.

Anthophora zonata (Linneus).
Rockhill, 3500 ft., Coorg, Sidapur, April 1913(7.V.R.).?.

Celioxys apicata, Smith.
Coimbatore, India, January, May, October, November
(T. V. R., A. G. R.); Devanakonda, Kurnool District,
August (Ponniah). All females.

Celioxys dormitans, Cockerell.

Coimbatore, February, on wheat-ear (P. S.); Yemmi-
ganur, Bellary District, December (Ponniah). Females.

The female of C. dormitans differs from that of C. apicata
in the venation, the first recurrent nervure meeting the first
transverso-cubital. In other respects they are so much alike
that one hesitates to regard them as distinct. The type of
C. apicata was a female from Northern India, in the Baly
collection. My knowledge of the venation (not mentioned
in Smith’s description) comes from a female from “ India,”
from F. Smith’s collection. The group of species or races

Records of Bees. 101

related to C. decipiens, Spinola, presents difficulties which
can only be overcome in the presence of more material from
various localities.

Celioxys sexmaculata, Cameron.

Coimbatore, May 5 (7. V. R.); Devanakonda, Aug. 15
(7. V. R.). Females.

According to Bingham’s table this should have “ tarsi
with golden pubescence,” a character derived from Cameron’s
description. The specimens before me have pale ferruginous
hair on the inner side of the tarsi only ; the hind basitarsi
have white hair on the outer surface. No doubt Cameron
referred to this condition. In the case of C. fulvitarsis,
which he says is near to seamaculata, he definitely states that
the rufo-fulvous hair is on the under side of the tarsi,

Celioxys pachyrhina, sp. n.

? .—Length about 13°5 mm., anterior wing 8 mm.

Black, including legs and tegule, except that the an-
terior legs, especially the tibia, are rufescent anteriorly,
and the middle legs are also partly rufescent; pubescence
forming pure white markings, the white areas including
sides of face, cheeks, upper part of pleura, patch before
tegule, spot behind tegule, sides of metathorax, linear
bands on hind margins of abdominal segments, expanding
laterally, broad longitudinal bands on each side of first
segment, base and middle of first ventral segment, and
broad interrupted bands on ventral segments 2 to 4;
clypeus very prominent and very strongly keeled (roof-like) ,
very convex in lateral profile; a broad flattened longitudinal
elevation from the front to the upper margin of clypeus ;
mesothorax strongly punctured, with a median anterior patch
of slightly yellowish pubescence, and there are two yellowish-
white spots at base of scutellum ; scutellum rugoso.-punctate
all over, very broadly rounded ; axillar spines prominent.
Wings pale fuliginous ; first r.n. joiming second s.m. as far
from base as the second from apex; hind spurs pale dull
reddish. Abdomen strongly punctured ; last dorsal segment
elongated, shining, the narrow apical part strongly keeled ;
last ventral very narrow, with entire margins, extending far
beyond dorsal, and curved downward, its basal margins
(under the dorsal plate) frmged with white hair.

Devanakonda, Kurnool District, India, Aug. 15, 1913
lev. RR.)

In Bingham’s table runs to C. confusa, Smith, from which
it is easily known by the structure of clypeus and front. A

Ann. & Maa N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. iv. 8

102 Mr, T. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and

really related species, with darker wings and stout axillar
spines, is C. philippensis, Bingham, from the Philippine Is.

Celioxys ramakrishne, sp. n.

6 .—Length slightly over 10 mm.

Black, including legs and tegule ; eyes greenish, with
abundant short hair; face and clypeus flat, covered with
white hair ; cheeks with a broad depressed sharply defined
band, filled with snow-white hair; vertex with large
punctures ; antenne black ; mesothorax and scutellum with
very large punctures, not covering the whole surface ; no
hair-spots on mesothorax ; scutellum broadly rounded pos-
teriorly ; axillar spines large ; pleura not densely hairy, but
a white line runs down from the tubercles ; tegule black.
Wings dilute fuliginous, hyaline basally; second sub-
marginal cell receiving recurrent nervures almost equally
far from base and apex; anterior coxe spined. Abdomen
polished, strongly but sparsely punctured, hind margins of
segments with linear white hair-bands, broadening laterally ;
sides of first segment with only a rather thin and narrow
longitudinal band ; fifth segment with a small spine on each
side ; sixth (terminal) segment with long and slender lateral
spines at base, and four apical ones, the lowermost long and
slender. The fourth ventral segment is entire. Hind spurs
dark reddish.

Coimbatore, India, February (7. V. R.).

Runs in Bingham’s table to C. confusa, Smith, but appears
to differ by the longer axillar spines, more strongly
punctured abdomen, and the very small (scarcely noticeable),
white hair-marks at base of scutellum. Smith described the
female, and Bingham only gives two lines of description
for male confusa, so exact comparisons cannot be made.
Meade-Waldo, on comparing types, found that Cameroun’s
C. tenuilineata from Simla was confusa. This differs from
our insect by the dense hair on base and apex of mesopleura,
and the emarginate scutellum. No doubt the two insects
are allied, but I believe them to be distinct.

Nomioides patruelis, sp. u.

? .—Length about 4 mm.

Head circular seen from in front, dark bluish green ;
clypeus, a small round supraclypeal mark, labrum, mandibles.
(except the ferruginous apical part), and the long scape in
front, all pale yellow ; flagellum pale yellowish ferruginous
beneath, reddish brown above; mesothorax bright green,
shining ; plevra dark green; metathorax black, the base
finely rugose; upper berder of prothorax, tubercles, line

Records of Bees. 103

bordering axilla, two large eye-shaped areas on scutelluin,
and postscutellum, all pale yellow. Wings hyaline, with
extremely pale nervures and stigma ; first. n. meeting
second t.-c.; second s.m. narrowed practically to a point
above. Legs very dark brown basally, the apices of the
femora and the tibie and tarsi wholly yellow. Abdomen
cream-colored, the first segment basally suffused with reddish,
with a dark dot on each side, and its apical region with a
very broad well-defined black band, the margin narrowly
reddish ; segments 2 and 3 with arched black bands, leaving
a broad pale reddish area posteriorly except at sides ; seg-
meuts 4 and 5 with the bands broken into a large median
spot and a band on each side; venter suffused with dusky
reddish,

Shevaroys-Yergand, India, 4500 ft., April 21-May 13
(¥.R)).

Very similar to N. parvula, Fabr. (pulchella, Sch., cerca,
Nurse), but easily separated by the broader head, green
eyes, two marks on scutellum, and heavy abdominal banding.

Stelis tuberculata, sp. un.

? — Length about 6 mm.

Black, with creamy-white markings as follows: band
along each side of clypeus (and sometimes whole upper part),
broad band on each side of face (narrowing above, ending as
a free finger-like projection close to upper end of each eye).
stripe on upper part of cheeks (away from eye), interrupted
band on occiput, small spot on tubercles, L-shaped mark at
lateral anterior corners of mesothorax, spot on axille,
interrupted band on scutellum, under side of anterior and
middle femora, and short stripe on hind ones, stripe on
anterior tibiz in front (the knees are ferruginous), large
mark on each side of first abdominal segment, very broadly
interrupted band on second segment, less broadly interrupted
one on third, narrowly interrupted band on fourth and fifth,
but these also interrupted laterally, Mandibles with a
yellowish spot near base, and a large red one subapically ;
lower part of clypeus with two prominent tubercles ;
flagellum dark red beneath; tegule piceous, with a pallid
mark in front. Wings hyaline, with a dusky apical cloud ;
second r.n. going beyond end of second sm. Mesothorax
dull, very closely and finely punctured. Abdomen shining,
with distinct punctures ; pulvilli small, but distinct ;
anterior coxee with a white apical spot.

Coorg Sanivarsandai, Hansey Estate, India, 4000 ft., on
coffee, April 29-30, 1913 (7.V.R.), type. Another

104 Descriptions and Records of Isees.

is marked Coorg Sidapur, Rockhill, 3500 ft., April 23-26,
Hoo CF. V. R.).

Readily known from S. parvula, Cam., by the tuberculate
clypeus.

Lithurgus australior, Cockerell.

Described from the male. A female is from Coimbatore,
India, Dec, 24, 1918 (Ramakrishna Ayyar). It is about
12°5 mm. long, and runs in Friese’s table nearest to the
Australian LZ. dentipes, but the structure of the face is
different. It is very near ZL. scabrosus (Smith), but the

white hair-bands on abdomen are broader. The ventral
scopa 1s brownish black.

Ceratina binghami, Cockerell.
Salem, India, Dec. 2-18, 1914 (Ramakrishna Ayyar).

Nomia iridescens, Smith.
Bangalore, India, May (7. V. R.).

Nomia histrionica, sp. n.

¢ .—Length about 10°5 mm.

Running in Bingham’s table to N. eurvipes, from which
it differs conspicuously in the mesothorax, which shows the
black densely and minutely punctured surface, with a con-
spicuous band of ochreous hair all around the margins ; in
the smaller scutellum, the creamy-white hair of metathorax,
the ivory-colour (not greenish or reddish) abdominal bands,
the hair fringing sixth abdominal segment white, and the
clear red (instead of black) basal part of hind femora. In
my table in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. xxxvu. p. 233, it runs to
N. aureohirta, Cam., to which it is also closely allied, differing
by the paler hair of face, the flagellum chestnut-red beneath,
the mesothorax as described above, the scutellum with the
densely punctured surface exposed, the broad tegumentary
abdominal bands bare, and the hind tibiz with a large black
spot. The shape of the hind tibiz is also highly charac-
teristic ; the anterior margin is undulating, so that the whole
tibia resembles the head of a deer, the apical lamina
representing the ear. The abdomen has a well-developed
subapical dentiform process. It is also related to N.
eburnigera, Ckil., but the face and abdomen are broader, and
the hind tibia is different. It is quite distinct from WN.
fulvohirta, Cam., and N. varipes, Cam., from Allahabad.

Koilpaty, Tinnevelly, India, Dec. 3, 1906 (7. V. R.).

Andronicus cylindricus, Cresson.

Boulder, Colorado, May 14, 1919, ¢ (Katherine Vitz-
gerald).

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VIII. Descriptions of new Pyralide of the Subfamilies Cram-
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IX. Notes on Fossorial Hymenoptera.—XXXIX. New Sphe-
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XIII. A new Species of the Nematode Genus Crossocephalus from
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XIV. Descriptions and Records of Bees—_LXXXVI. By T. D. A.

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MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY.

(NINTH SERIES. }

No. 21. SEPTEMBER 1919.

XV.—Notes on Platypodide and Scolytide collected by
Mr. G. E. Bryant and others. By Lt.-Col. Winn
Sampson, F.E.S.

Tue following pages do not complete the descriptions of the
very varied examples placed in the writer’s hands for exami-
nation, but it is hoped that the rest of the specimens may
be dealt with at an early date. At present, Mr. Bryant’s
collection has been found to contain

Family Platypodide.
Genus Crossorarsus, Chap.

Crossotarsus wallacei, Thoms. Malacca, Borneo, Sumatra.

A good series of both sexes from Sarawak (Mt. Matang
aud Quop).

Crossotarsus penicillatus, Chap., 2? (lege ¢). Borneo.

A number of specimens were taken on Mt. Matang, and
several females taken at the same time coincide so exactly
with the description of C. cincinnatus, Chap., that there is
little doubt the two species are merely the sexes of C. peni-
cillatus, Chap.

Crossotarsus penicillatus, Chap., 2 (lege 3), d (lege ¢),
nov.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. iv. 9

*
106 Lt.-Col. Winn Sampson on

Crossotarsus wollastoni, Chap., @ (lege ¢). Borneo.

Amongst the specimens of this species taken in Sarawak
(Quop) is one that may be the female (nec Chap.), but
further material is necessary before deciding the question.

Crossotarsus squamulatus, Chap., g (lege ¢). Java.

Hitherto only taken in Java, but now captured by
Mr. Bryant at Penang and Sarawak (Quop).

Herr Strohmeyer suggests that C. fragmentus, Samp., may
be the male of this species. My type, now in the British
Museum, was described from a Singapore specimen, and
since then I have received a long series of both sexes bred
by Mr. C. F. C. Beeson, Imperial Forest Zoologist, Dehra
Dun, from Sundri Wood, the females of which agree with
Chapuis’s type in the British Museum ; but if my species is
the male, then C. sguamulatus, Chap., must be transferred
to the group subdepressi from the coleoptrati.

As regards Strohmeyer’s further suggestion, that C. fractus,
Samp., may be the male of C. venustus, Chap., he has over-
looked the fact that Mr. Blanford described the male of this
species twenty-four years ago (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 6,
vol. xv., April 1895, p. 324).

Genus Puiatyrus, Chap.

Platypus perrisi, Chap., 3 ? (lege $ g). Borneo, Malacca.

Further specimens from Sarawak (Mt. Matang) and a
female from Penang.

Platypus westwoodi, Chap., (lege 3). Borneo.

One male from Penang, also a single female from Sarawak
(Mt. Matang) that is probably the undescribed female of
this species or P. signatus, Chap.

Platypus solidus, Walk. Ceylon, India, Sunda Is.

Two specimens from Penang.

Platypus pilifrons, Chap.,@. India and Indian Archipelago.

One example from Penang.

Chapuis considered this to be the male (lege ?) of
P. solidus Walk. Herr Strohmeyer has not mentioned this
species in his fascicule in the ‘ Genera Insectorum,’ although
it is placed in the group Platypi Oxyuri .in his list of the
Platypodide (Coleopt. Catalog. W. Junk, 20, vi. 1912;
p. Lv):

Platypodide and ‘Scolytide. 107

Platypus candezei, Chap., $ ? (lege? ¢). Borneo, Malacca.

‘' A single male specimen from Sarawak (Puak) and others
from Sarawak (Mt. Matang).

Platypus suffodiens, Samp.

In the description of this species published in the Ann. &
Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8, vol. xii., Nov. 1913, the following
was accidentally omitted, and should be added at the
end of the description of the male: The abdominal segments
in both sexes are hairy, the fourth segment in the male
having a transverse row of stiff bristles on each side of the
centre, the other segments being furnished with transverse
rows of piliferous tubercles, the fifth segment being the
most strongly tuberculate at the apex and variclose on the
rest of the surface ; in the female, the hairs are more scanty
and the variolosity slighter.

Genus Diarus, Chap.

Diapus pusillimus, Chap., 3 2 (lege 2 3). New Guinea.

Both sexes from Penang and a male from Sarawak (Mt.
Matang).

Diapus quinquespinatus, Chap., ¢ ? (lege 2? ¢). Celebes,
Borneo, New Guinea, Morty, Java.

The sexes were taken at Sarawak (Mt. Matang).

Family Scolytide.

Genus Diamenrvus, Er.

The following new species was taken by Mr. Bryant in
Sarawak (Mt. Merinjak) :—

Diamerus merinjaki, sp. u.

Black, slightly shining. Front elongate, concave, and
narrow, covered with palish hairs and closely punctured,
with a slight central depression ; eyes large, vertical and not
emarginate ; antenne inserted at the base of the eyes in
deep depressions; the funicular joints slightly hairy, the
antennal club elongate and broadened apically, the surface
solid with two lateral septa meeting diagonally in the centre,
the rest of the surface being hairy and porous. Prothorax
transverse with rounded sides, the frontal edge straight with

a broad margin, the posterior angles rounded, the whole
gx

108 Lt.-Col. Winn Sampson on

surface very deeply punctured and covered with thick, black,
erect hairs; there is an obscure median line on the basal
third. Scutellum absent. Hlytra slightly more than twice
as long as the prothorax and broader except basally, where
they are abruptly narrowed to the size of the prothoracic
base, increasing in width until again narrowed at the blunt
apex, punctate-striate, the interstices convex, with rows of
punctures and short semi-erect scale-like brownish hairs,
the declivity somewhat abruptly rounded both dorsally and

laterally. Anterior coxe widely separated. The antenne
and tarsi testaceous.

Long. 6°3 mm.

Hab. Sarawak, Borneo (Bryant).

This species differs from any other of the genus known to
me by the greater size, the increasing breadth of the elytra
apically, the very deeply punctured thorax, the different
construction of the antennal club, ete.

There is an undescribed specimen collected at the same
time with parallel-sided elytra and of smaller size, which may
prove to be the male when more material is available.

The next species was taken also in Sarawak (Mt. Matang) :—

Diamerus matangi, sp. 1.

Black, slightly shiny. Front elongate, concave, and
narrow, closely punctured and with a central depression ;
eyes large, vertical, and not emarginate; funicular joints
somewhat hairy, club solid, not broadened apically and
having a septum placed diagonally from the basal third to
the centre, and another faintly marked one immediately
anterior to the first and parallel to it. Prothorax transverse
with rounded sides and very slightly contracted anteriorly
and at the base, the whole surface semi-opaque, closely and
evenly punctured with a faint median line from the base
towards the centre. Scutellum absent. lydra more than
twice as long as, and slightly broader than, the prothorax
except at the immediate base; punctate-striate, the inter-
stices convex with rows of semi-erect hairs and punctures ;
the elytral surface convex from base to apex where there is
a very slight thickening of the sutural angle. The anterior
cox are widely separated.

Long. 4°5-5'1 mm.

Hab. Sarawak, Borneo (Bryant).

This species is very similar to the last, but smaller, and
has a differently constructed antennal club, the prothoracic
punctures are also much smaller. A similar broadening of

Platypodide and Scolytide. 109

the elytra laterally from near the base to the apex is common
to both species, but in the present one there is a slight pro-
duction of the elytra at the sutural apex, of which the former
shows no trace. The regular and shiny punctures of the
elytral strize are more evident than in the preceding species.

Genus XyLesorus, Eichh.

Ayleborus submarginatus, Blandf., ¢ .

Hab. India, Belgaum (Andrewes) ; Ceylon (Thwaites in
Mus. Oxon.) ; Celebes (Wallace); New Guinea, Dorey
(Wallace).

A single specimen now taken in Sarawak (Mt. Matang).

Ayleborus sumatranus, Haged.

Hab. Sumatra.
One example from Sarawak (Mt. Matang).

The following two new species were taken at Sarawak :—

Xyleborus comans, sp. un.

Black, globose; antennze and tarsi ferruginous. Front
nearly flat, thickly hairy with a transverse row of paler hairs
over the mouth ; rugose, the rugosity becoming longitudi-
nally confluent apically. Prothoraz as broad as long, rounded
laterally and anteriorly, the front sharply depressed with
two large and two small prominent recurved tubercles on
the anterior edge, the surface rugose as far as the central
transverse gibbosity and punctured posteriorly, the whole
surface densely hairy with a very thick transverse ridge of
erect hair just before the base. Scutellum absent. Elytra
the same length as the prothorax, laterally rounded to the
blunted apex and furnished with obscure rows of piliferous
punctures; an abrupt depression commences before the
middle and is margined by a few obscure tubercles, the suture
being raised and the apex margined on the apical half; the
fundus is furnished with more or less irregular piliferous
punctures.

Long. 6 mm.

Hab. Borneo, Sarawak (Mt. Merinjak and Quop) (G. E.
Bryant).

This species differs from Hagedorn’s very incomplete
description of X. ursinus in size, the frontal tubercles, the
basal prothoracic collar of thick hair, and the length of the
elytra, ete. It is no doubt allied to, but varies in many

110 Lt.-Col. Winn Sampson on

respects from, X. hirtus, Kichh., and X. geminatus, Eichh.,
both described from single specimens taken in India (Dar-
jeeling).

The prothoracic tubercles vary in size in different speci-
mens, but there are generally four more prominent than the
Test.

Xyleborus bryanti, sp. n.

Black, semiopaque. Front slightly convex and strongly
punctured apically, becoming longitudinally aciculate to-
wards the vertex and having a short median elevation from
the epistoma to a slight central depression, also a transverse
row of pale hairs anteriorly ; eyes transverse and entire.
Prothoraz subquadrate, anteriorly rounded but emarginate
in the centre and crenate on either side, rugose anteriorly
to the prominent central gibbosity, the posterior portion
smoother and punctured laterally, the basal angles sub-
rectangular. lytra half as long again as the prothorax
and of equal width, sides nearly parallel to past the centre
and then narrowed to the rounded apex; viewed laterally,
the elytra appear slightly elevated a short distance from the
base, this being caused by the local enlargement of the 3rd
and 4th interstices; the striz consist of closely placed
shallow impressions with centres of minute dots; the Ist
interstice obscurely tuberculate, the 2nd ceasing after the
basal third, being continued again from the declivity to the
apex, the 8rd interstice is the most prominent and is tuber-
culate from the basal third, the whole surface, except the
raised portions of the 3rd and 4th interstices, of a dull black.
colour, the declivity being somewhat flattened.

Long. 6°5 mm.

Hab. Borneo, Sarawak (Mt. Matang) (Bryant).

‘There is a similarity in the facies of this species and those
forming the cone-shaped group of Xyleborus, such as X. cune-
atus, X. andrewesi, etc., and the strial impressions are very
like those of X. comptus described below, these markings
differing from the umbilicate punctures of Crossotarsus
fuirmairei, Chap., in the Platypodide.

Xyleborus submarginatus, Bldf., ? .

Hab. India, Belgaum (Andrewes) ; Ceylon (Thwaites, in
Mus. Oxon.); Celebes (Wallace); New Guinea, Dorey
(Wallace).

A single specimen was taken in Sarawak (Mt. Matang). -

Platypodide and Scolytide. 111

Ayleborus sumatranus, Haged.

Hab. Sumatra.
One specimen from Sarawak (Mt. Matang).

Xyleborus scabripennis, Bldf., 2 .

Hab. Borneo, Sarawak (Wallace) ; Sumatra, from tobacco
(Grouvelle).

One example from Penang and another from Sarawak
(Mt. Matang).

The next two new species of Xyleborus were taken, one by
Mr. E. Ernest Green in Ceylon, the other by Mr. C. F. C.
Beeson in Bengal :—

Xyleborus comptus, sp. n.

Cylindrical, dark brown, with prothorax paler than the
elytra. Front convex, rugose, with slight fringe over the
mouth. Prothorazx subglobose, sides slightly and front
strongly rounded, anteriorly asperate to the transverse node
and posteriorly faintly punctate. H/ytra less than one-third
longer than the prothorax and slightly narrower, the sides
nearly parallel and obtusely rounded at the apex; the striz
are furnished with large but shallow depressions, which
decrease in size towards the base, the interstices are slightly
convex with uniseriate punctures, except the second which
is biseriate up to the declivity and deeply depressed towards
the apex, the elytral declivity is semiopaque.

Long. 2°6 mm.

Hab. Ceylon (E. E. Green).

Food-plant, Hevea brasiliensis.

Xyleborus undulatus, sp. n.

9. Cylindrical, brown and somewhat shiny, sparsely
pilose. Front dark and subconvex, sparsely punctured on a
reticulate surface with a longitudinal carina extending half-
way to the vertex, the mouth thinly fringed, eyes deeply
emarginate. Prothorax slightly longer than broad, strongly
rounded apically and much less so laterally, transversely
scabrous as far as the prominent transverse gibbosity, poste-
riorly finely reticulate and sparsely granulate and hairy,
paler in colour than the elytra and with a faintly marked
longitudinal median smooth space from the base to the
transverse ridge. Elytra about one-fourth longer than the
prothorax and of equal breadth at the broadest part of each,
with a transverse depression commencing near the base and

113 Lt.-Col. Winn Sampson on

extending to the centre, the declivity beginning before the
apical third; laterally narrowed from near the base to the
apical third and then broadening again before the bluntly
-rounded apex, the strize are furnished with large variolose
impressions increasing in size from the base and each having
a minute hair at its circumference; the interstices flat with
minute piliferous punctures partially replaced in the first six
interstices by tubercles before the rounded declivity, the
second interstice being unarmed to the apex which is acutely
margined ; the elytral base is furnished with a transverse
row of longish hairs along the edge. The legs and antennz
testaceous. |

Long. 2 mm.

Hab. Bengal, India (C. Beeson).

The elytral depression gives the appearance of a saddle-
back to this species, which is very distinctive, although it is
similar in many ways to X. /aticollis, Bldf., which, however,
is much larger, with a differently shaped prothorax and

elytral declivity, etc. en

Genus Eccorroprervs, Motsch.

Eccoptopterus, Motsch. Bull, Mose. xxxvi. 1863, i. p. 515.
Platydactylus, Eichh. Not. Leyden Mus. viii. 1886, p. 110.
Eurydactylus, Haged. Deut. Ent, Zeit. 1909, p. 733.

Eccoptopterus gracilipes, Kichh.

Hab. Molucea.
Several females from Sarawak (Quop).

Genus Puie@osinus, Chap.

The following species is described from a long series is
the Calcutta Museum Collection; they are only labelled
“ Deyhra Dun,” and there is no locality mentioned :—

Phiewosinus jubatus, sp. n.

3d. Oblong; head black, and in mature specimens the
prothorax is black and the elytra a deep brown. Front
slightly concave, rugose, with a median shiny ridge to the
centre. Prothorax not longer than broad, narrowed apically ;
the dorsum slightly flattened in a-semicircle from the anterior
end of the shiny median line, as far as two other shiny
spaces on each side of the basal third; the anterior edge
furnished with a broad polished band, the rest of the pro-
thoracic surface being covered with piliferous punctures,
with longer hairs on the sides. Jilytra striate, the striz

Platypodide and Scolytide. 113

consisting of rows of double lunate plates facing each other
transversely but separated, the intervening space furnished
with a single hair bent towards the apex of the elytra ; the
interstices transversely rugose and sparsely hairy, the de-
clivity commencing at the apical third, with a fundus formed
by the outward deflexion of the first interstice, the continued
narrowing of the second until the subsequent fusion of the
first and third, leaving a flat, dull, irregularly punctured
surface to the apex ; interstices 1 and 3 become strongly
toothed at the commencement of the declivity, and 5 and 7
have smaller teeth closer to the apex ; the basal edge of the
elytra is raised and strongly toothed.

Long. 3-3°5 mm.

Hab. India,

2. Differs from the male in the slightly convex front
and stronger longitudinal rugosity, and in the rather shal-
lower and narrower fundus, as well as in the smaller inter-
stitial teeth. Immature specimens are very pale in colour,
but the prothorax eventually becomes black and shining,
and the elytra a dark brown.

Long. 3°5 mm.

If the single specimen in my collection of P. cristatus,
Lec., is correctly named, the present species is very nearly
allied to it, but in the former the interstices are straight, the
first and second become obsolete at the declivity, and the
. third only has large black tubercles.

Genus Crypuatvs, Er.

The new species of Cryphalus is determined from a series
of specimens in the collection of Mr. H. E. Andrewes :—

Cryphalus corpulentus, sp. n.

3d. Subovate, brown. Front slightly concave and punc-
tate, longitudinally aciculate at the vertex. Prothorax
transverse, sharply narrowed apically, with 4-6 frontal
tubercles, above which are two central ones and three con-
centric transverse elevations, the last being on the vertex
of ‘the prothoracic gibbosity. lytra lineate-punctate, the
striz faintly impressed and furnished with small irregularly
placed scales, the interstices nearly flat with large erect
scales of a pale colour and placed at considerable intervals
apart.

Long. 1°4-1°5 mm.

Hab. India, Nilgiri Hills.

114 Mr. H. A. Baylis on a

?. Similar to the male, but with the front slightly convex,
the prothorax less sharply contracted apically, and with the
two prothoracic tubercles replaced by a concentric ridge.

Long. 1°4-1°5 mm.

Hab. India, Nilgiri Hills.

Type in the collection of Mr. H. E. Andrewes.

In neither sex do there appear to be many scales on the
prothorax, unless they have been worn off in the series of
specimens examined. The species is very closely allied to
C. tilie, Panz., but is easily separated from it by the elytral
clothing alone.

Genus Wessta, Hopk.
Webbia dipterocarpi, Hopk., ¢ 2.

Hab. Philippine Islands.
Several females from Penang anda pair from Sarawak

(Mt. Matang).

XVI.—On a curious Malformation in Tenia saginata.

By H. A. Bayuis, M.A.
(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

A VERY curious specimen of the common tapeworm of man,
Tenia saginata, recently came into my hands through the
courtesy of Mr. W. T. Hillier, of the Pathological Depart-
ment of the Queen’s Hospital for Children, Hackney. As is
so often the case with cestodes removed by anthelminthic
remedies, the head and anterior portion of the strobila were
not recovered. The absence of the head 1s regrettable, as it
might have thrown interesting light on the peculiarities of
the worm.

The total length of the fragment recovered was about
165 cm. In its general shape and appearance there is nothing
remarkable. It is flattened dorso-ventrally as usual, and
most of the segments are of the size and shape characteristic
of T. saginata. On closer inspection, however, two types of
anomaly are found to occur very frequently :—

(1) Imperfectly divided segments, with two or more genital
pores on alternate sides, and a separate set of in-
ternal organs corresponding to each pore.

(2) Segments normally divided from their neighbours, but
with two genital pores, on opposite sides but at the
same level.

curious Malformation in Teenia saginata, 115

Some idea of the proportions of normal and abnormal
segments in this specimen may be gathered from the follow-
ing figures for a portion measuring about 70 em. in length.

Complete intersegmental divisions ...... Miciata aero es' « eee

Imperfect intersegmental divisions ........... eerie lt

Normally-divided segments with single pore (normal
(Onn NO} ES ERE ne ae Sener hic 06h con oe ans

Normally-divided segments with two opposite pores .. 46

The first-mentioned kind of abnormality calls for passing
comment only. It is by no means uncommon in Tenia
saginata; indeed, as Leuckart * remarks, “ traces of it may
be seen in almost every chain.” ‘The commonest case is that
in which the division extends only a little way across the
width of the strobila. Sometimes it reaches to the middle
line, or beyond it. Owing to the divided side being longer
than the undivided side of the joint, the partial dividing-line
usually curves forwards somewhat before it disappears. This
forward curve may be carried so far that it meets the pre-
ceding intersegmental division, in which case a triangular
“supernumerary 7’ segment is formed, wedged in between
two normal segments. Such “supernumerary ”’ segments
may occasionally be the starting-points of the double, or
rather forked, chains of segments that are sometimes met
with.

The second anomaly (segments with two opposite genital
pores) ismoreremarkable. Leuckart observed such segments
in 7. saginata, but says of them fT ‘‘ here one finds behind
each opening a set of male and female ducts, with cirrhus-
pouch and vesicula seminalis, but the reproductive organs
proper are as usual—the two vagine passing into a common
shell-gland, and into a single uterus.’’? In the present case,
however, further examination shows that the reduplication is
not confined to the pores and ducts—there are two complete
and bilaterally symmetrical sets of genital organs in each of
the segments with double pores. Hach vagina has its own
distinct shell-gland, yolk-gland, ovary, and uterus. The two
uteri present a remarkable appearance in gravid segments
(see figure), running forward parallel to each other, and each
sending out the usual lateral branches. The branches on the
two inner, opposed sides of the uteri, however, have not room
enough for their normal development, and are stunted and
frequently unbranched, many of them containing few or no

* ‘The Parasites of Man,’ English translation by W. E. Hoyle,
1886, p. 450.
+ L.c. p. 451,

116 Mr. H. A. Baylis on a

ova; while the branches on the outer sides appear normal.
In younger segments the finger-shaped lobes of the inner
halves of the two ovaries are in close contact and somewhat
confused.

As regards the female apparatus the condition in most of
the segments of this worm is similar to that normally found
in certain genera of cestodes (Dipylidium, Montezia, Citto-
tenia, to mention only a few well-known examples), but

Ue: is SS

a Yew)
Vv. Miwa tp

2)

Gravid segment of Tenia saginata, showing abnormal, bilaterally
symmetrical arrangement of the genital organs.

P., P., the two genital pores, from which the two vagine, V., V., lead
to two shell-glands, S., S. From these the main stems (U¢., Ut.)
of the two uteri extend forward parallel to each other.

unknown in Tenia. Were TZ. saginata not well known to be
a variable species, such a peculiarity might have been con-
sidered sufficient ground for creating not merely a new species
but even a new genus. There can, however, be no question
of this kind in this case, for two reasons. In the first place,
the strobila is not entirely composed of double segments, but
here and there we find a normal segment with a single pore
and median uterus. In the second place, the reduplication
extends also to the male organs—not only to the ducts, but

curious Malformation in Teenia saginata. 117

to the testes themselves. This is shown by the great over-
crowding of these organs in the median field of the segments,
between the two uteri. Here we have, I think, clear evidence
that two sets of testes, enough for two segments—fused
together, as it were, side by side,—overlap each other at the
point of junction.

Both sets of organs in the double segments appear to be
functionally active, as is shown by the presence of spermatozoa
in the two_vasa deferentia, and by the large numbers of
normal ova in the two uteri.

Apart from the genital apparatus, the double segments
appear to be normal—the excretory system, for example,
shows only the usual two pairs of longitudinal vessels and
the usual transverse connections,

In examining the possible causes of this malformation, it
must not be confused with the cases of “ triradiate,” “ pris-
matic,” or ‘ polyradiate” cestodes, which have been noted
by many observers, and recently studied by Foster *, who has
found forty-four instances of the phenomenon mentioned in
literature. The triradiate forms, as far as is known, are
always associated with a triradiate scolex, with six suckers
instead of four, and their segments usually have only a single
genital pore situated on one of the three “ wings.” Where
two or more pores are present, they are not, as in the present
case, placed at the same level on opposite sides, but one
behind the other, usually in regular alternation. It is not,
therefore, to cases of this sort that we must look for an
explanation of the double symmetrical arrangement. Had
the scolex been available, it is, of course, possible that the
worm might have proved to be some kind of “ double-headed
monster” ; but this is rendered rather improbable by the fact
that a certain proportion (though a very small one) of the
segments are of normal type, with single pore and single set
of genital organs.

On the whole, it seems more likely that we have here a
case where the tendency repeatedly to form partially-divided
and “ supernumerary ” segments, which has been seen to be
very marked, has been carried a step further than usual, and
many of the divisions have failed to make their appearance
at all. We know that there is a tendency for supernumerary
segments to assume a position diagonal to the long axis of
the worm, and that they often cause the succeeding segment
to be pushed out laterally in the opposite direction so as to
form a kind of “elbow” in the strobila. If this process

* ‘Journal of Parasitology,’ il. no. 1 (1915), p. 7.

118 Colonel ©. Swinhoe on

were pushed to extremes at the time of the formation of the
young segments (when presumably they are in a plastic
condition), and if at the same time the intersegmental divi-
sion were suppressed, the result would be a “double segment”
of the kind that has been described. It is difficult, of course,
to understand what force or forces may have been operating
to bring about such a condition, but it is suggested that some
such process may have been the cause of this malformation,
rather than that the specimen is a “ double monster.”

Although a number of records are to be found in literature
of segments of J’. saginata with two opposite or nearly
opposite genital pores, I have been unable to find an account
of a case similar to the present example, with two bilaterally
symmetrical sets of internal organs. A very curious case
has, however, been described and figured by Blanchard *,
where a single segment, in a chain otherwise consisting of
quite normal segments, contained a set of organs at each end,
both leading into a common uterus in the normal median
position. The ovary, yolk-gland and associated organs at
the posterior end of the segment were arranged in the usual
order, but those at the anterior end were reversed, so as to
form a ‘ mirror-image” of the former. Hach set had its own
ducts and pore, the pores being situated one on either side of
the segment, but not quite opposite to each other. Although
this has been referred to asa single segment, it ought perhaps
to be regarded as two segments, since there was a partial
transverse division on one side.

XVIL.—Jndo- Malayan and Australian Noctuide.
By Colonel C. Swinuon, M.A., F.L.S., &c.

Subfamily SarroryririvzZ.
Characoma perfecta, nov.

&. Upperside: fore wing grey irrorated and suffused
with pale black, a deep black patch on middle of costa
angled downwards, narrowly extending on costa to near
apex, and also to the base of the wing, its inner edge with
a white patch irrorated with black and containing on its
lower part three black spots and another below near the

* Bull. Soc. Zool. France, xv. 1890, p. 166. The writer is indebted
to Prof, A. Railliet for drawing his attention to this case.

Indo-Malayan and Australian Noctuide. 119

hinder margin ; two black spots on a whitish ground in the
middle of the disc, a white spot at the base of the wing; |
a postmedial outwardly curved, dentated white line and
another submarginal, marginal line finely dark brown ; cilia
checkered white and brown : hind wing dark brownish grey,
marginal line and cilia as on the fore wing ; head and body
dark grey, a white spot on the middle of the thorax, the
abdomen with some whitish suffusion especially at its
extremity. Underside grey: fore wing grey, a white spot
in the middle: hind wing paler, with some whitish in the
interspaces ; face and body white, legs grey above, white
beneath.

Expanse of wings, 7/5 inch.

Hab. Khasia Hills.

Characoma araca, nov.

So 2. Fore wing greyish white minutely irrorated with
black atoms, four highly dentated transverse black lines,
subbasal, antemedial, postmedial, and submarginal, the first
and second lines constricted hindwards, the third bent out-
ward in its middle, a blackish patch on the costa against the
outer side of the third line, a black costal spot on the sub-
marginal line, all the lines more or less finely bordered with
white, a series of minute black lunules pricked with white
on the outer margin ; cilia coloured like the wing, crossed by
darker grey lines opposite the vein ends : hind wing whitish,
semihyaline, tinged with grey on the costa and outer border,
veins grey ; head and body concolorous with the wings.
Underside nearly uniform pale grey, three white dots near
the apex on the costa of the fore wing ; palpi beneath, face
and body smeared with white; legs striped with white.

Expanse of wings, | inch.

Hab. Khasia Hills, 1 ¢,4 9.

Giaura multipunctata, nov.

Symitha punctata, Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1890, p. 236, pl. vii.
fiz. 15 (preeoce.).

Hab. Tenasserim, Khasia Hills, Nilgiri Hills.

Lucas, in Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, (2) iv.
p: 1675 (April 1890), described Sarotricha punctata from
Queensland, Australia ; it is also a Giaura, and in Phal. xi.
p- 284, Sir George Hampson has put my name as a synonym
to Lucas’s name. I cannot believe that a rare Australian
species is the same as an equally rare Indian species. Un-
fortunately I have no Australian punctata to dissect, but in

120 Chloe! C. Swinhoe on

every instance but one (a common Perigea) all the genitalia
_I have had examined show a marked difference between
Australian and Indian forms.

Selepa demiota.

Sarotricha demiota, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1889, p. 464 (2 only).

Plotheia gerea, Hampson, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xvi. p. 582
(1905).

Selepa gerea, Hampson, Phal. xi. p. 300, pl. clxxxii. fig. 15 (1912).

Hab. Port Moresby, Br. N. Guinea, Queensland, Australia.

Meyrick described both sexes ; if his male really falls to
Walker’s type of Selepa circulella from Celebes (see Phal. xi.
p- 303), and his female is the same as Hampson’s gerea from
Queensland, Meyrick’s name must take precedence.

Barasa suffida, nov.

g. Fore wing milk-white irrorated with minute grey
atoms, the costal portions slightly the darkest, the costa
with black spots on the outer half, commencing with minute
dots and gradually enlarging towards the apex, transverse
lines ochreous-grey, indistinct basal, antemedial (double,
well separated), and somewhat sinuous, medial similar, but
more sinuous and bent inwards on the hinder margin ; post-
medial line commencing with two black dots somewhat
sinuous and bent inwards in a square form in its middle,
submarginal line in a round curve, the upper half of it
formed of black dentations, all the lines with white outer
edgings, marginal line grey inwardly pricked with white ;
cilia grey with a white base : hind wing greyish white, the
costal portion slightly suffused with grey ; palpi black, last
joint white; head and body concolorous with the wings,
abdomen with some white marks. Underside uniform pale
grey ; costa of fore wing with black and white dots.

Expanse of wings, 1 inch,

Hab. Khasia Hills.

Superficially somewhat resembles B. costalis, Hampson,
from Bhutan.

Subfamily Ovowroprv.

Stictoptera anca, nov.

9. Fore wing pale fawn-colour, ochreous-tinged ; costa
and hinder margin suffused with grey, costal line brown,
a brown costal patch at the apex ; a longitudinal brown band

Indo-Malayan and Australian Noctuids. 121

through the middle of the wing, from the base to the outer
margin a little above the middle, another similar but
shorter band, edged outwardly with white across the hinder
angle, the white continued upwards in lunules near the
margin, all the lunules inwardly edged with brown ; ante-
ciliary line white, inwardly edged with black in slight
inward curves in the interspaces; cilia grey: hind wing
white slightly greyish, nearly hyaline, the veins grey ; costal
and. marginal borders broadly black, broadest at the apex.
Underside: fore wing uniform blackish brown: hind wing as
on the upperside ; palpi, head, and collar dark brown above,
abdomen grey; on the underside the palpi white, the body
and legs dark grey, the abdomen with some white suffusion.

Expanse of wings, 1,% inch.

Hab. Khasia Hills, two examples.

Gyrtona yucca.
Gyrtona yucca, Swinhoe, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xii, p. 264 (1898).
Gyrtona divitalts, Hampson (part.), Phal. xi. p. 217, pl. clxxx, fig. 1
(1912).

Type, Singapore. I have it also from Goping Perak, the
Andaman Islands, and Ceylon; it appears to me to be
perfectly distinct from divitalis, Walker, from Borneo. I
cannot make out what Hampson’s figure represents ; it is
nearly three times the size of my species and very different
in colour and markings.

Lophoptera apirtha.

Stictoptera apirtha, Swinhoe, Cat. Het. Mus. Oxon. ii. p. 92 (1900),

Gyrtona chalybea, Butler, P. Z. 8. 1883, p. 163 (nom. preeoce.) *.

Stictoptera chalybea, Hampson, Moths India, iv., App. p. 529 (1896).

Lophoptera plumbeola, Hampson, Phal. xi. p. 184, pl. clxxviii. fig. 27

(1912).

Type, Solon, Simla, in B.M. Type?, from the same
locality, in my collection. I have it also from Sikkim,
Khasia Hills, Fort Stedman, and Port Blair, Andamans;
Sir George Hampson makes no mention of my species ;
he appears to have described my type of apirtha from
Simla as plumbeola. I suppose my type-label has dropped
off the specimen in the B.M.

Lophoptera hampsoni, nov.

Gyrtona chalybea, Hampson, Ill. Het. B.M. viii. p. 86, pl. cxlvi. fig. 24
(1891).
Lophoptera chalybea, Hampson, Phal. xi. p. 187 (1912) (praoce.) *.
Hab. Nilgiris.
* Phal. xi. p. 191.
Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. a Vol. 1V. 10

122 Colonel C. Swinhoe on

Lophoptera cerea.

Stictoptera cerea, Swinhoe, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xix. p. 167
(1897).

Lophoptera pustulifera, Hampson (part.), Phal. xi. p. 190, pl. clxxix.
fig. 5 (1912).
Hab. Gilolo.

Cerea is not the same as the Sarawak species pustulifera.

I have both species in my collection, both sexes of cerea,

from Gilolo. Itis nearly double the size of Walker’s species ;

the hind wings have a pure white cilia, whereas in pustuli-

fera they are checkered white with clean-cut brown spots
opposite the vein ends.

Subfamily Nocrorz.

Simplicia schaldusalis.

Bocana schaldusalis, Walker, xvi. p. 180 (1858).
Culicula bimarginata, Walker, Journ. Linn. Soe. vii. p. 178 (1864).
Simplicia infausta, Felder, Reise Noy. Lep. pl. exx. fig. 45 (1873).

Stmplicia griseolimbalis, Snellen, Tijd. voor Ent. xxix. p. 47, pl. ii.
fig. 4 (1886).

Simplicia schaldusalis, Hampson, Moths of India, iii. p. 85 (1895) ;
Swinhoe (part.), Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. xix. p. 341 (1917).

Type, Sarawak, Borneo, in B.M.

Type, dimarginata, Sarawak, in Mus. Oxon.

Type, infausta, Sarawak, in Mus. Rothschild.

Type, griseolimbalis, Sumatra, in Coll. Snellen.

I have examples also from Singapur, Obi Isl. (Moluccas),
and from the Solomon Isls., and they all seem to be identical.

Simplicia moorei, nov.

Nabartha marginata, Moore, Lep. Ceylon, iii. p. 234, pl. elxxvii. fig. 2
(1885) (preoce.) *.
Simplicia schaldusalis, Hampson (part.), Moths of India, iii. p. 36
(1895).
Type, Ceylon, in B.M. I have three examples from
Kandy and Gampola in Ceylon; they appear to me to be
quite distinct from schaldusalis, especially on the underside.

Floccicura trilinea.
Simplicia trilinea, Beth.-Baker, Noy. Zool. xv. p. 205 (1908).

Type, Br. N. Guinea, in Coll. Bethune-Baker. I have
four examples from N. Guinea, one from Perak, and one
each from Madras, Assam, and Sikkim.

* Moore, Lep. Atk. p, 195, pl. vi. fig. 19 (1882).

Indo-Malayan and Australian Noctuide, 123

Libisosa obiana, nov.

6 3. A smaller insect than ceneusalis, Walker, from
Queensland, or phedrusalis, Walker, from Borneo: fore
wing narrower ; hind wing white.

Hab. Obi, six examples.

Plecoptera occulata.

Poaphila occulata, Moore, Lep. Atkinson, p. 172, pl. v. fig. 11 (1882).

Hehothis juncea, Swinhoe, P. Z. 8. 1885, p. 448, pl. xxvil. fig. 4.

Heliothis resistens, Hampson (nec Walker), Moths of India, ii, p. 519
(1894).

Hab. Khasia Hills, Bombay.

I have a long series of both sexes ; it is a perfectly distinct
species, no variations. Moore’s figure is so bad I did not
recognize it when describing juncea, and the type was in
coll. Staudinger, in Germany.

Plecoptera quesita.
Remigia quesita, Swinhoe, P. Z. 8. 1885, p. 468, pl. xxvii. fig. 8.
Heliothis resistens, Hampson (nec Walker), Moths of India, ii. p. 519
(1894).

Hab. Khasia Hills, Bombay, Nilgiris, Burma, Andamans,
Gugerat.

I have along series of both sexes; no variations, All these
Plecopteras are very constant in their coloration and pattern.

Oresia argyrosigna.

Oresia argyrosigna, Moore, Lep. Ceylon, ili. p. 77, pl. cliii. fig. 4
(1884).

Calpe provocans, Hampson (nee Walker), Moths of India, ii. p. 565
(1894),

Hab. Ceylon, Nilgiris, Sikkim, Assam.

Provocans is an African insect, and is certainly not the
same as the Indian species. I have it from Natal, where the
type came from ; the shading is somewhat similar, but it is
otherwise different in character. I will publish the genitalia
of both in another paper.

Genus ATTONDA, nov.

Palpi and venation as in Acantholipes, antenne of male
minutely ciliated: fore wing with the costa nearly straight,

apex subacute, outer margin evenly rounded, wing broad :
10%

124 Colonel C. Swinhoe on

hind wing also broad, the outer margin rounded, the entire
shape of the wings almost more like Capnodes than
Acantholipes.

Type, Capnodes trifasciata, Moore, P. Z. 8. 1877, p. 612.

Acantholipes trifasciatus, Hampson, Moths of India, il. p. 528
(1894).

Attonda natha, nov.

3 %. Upperside: palpi, head, body, and both wings very
dark liver-brown, transverse lines indistinct, black, very fine
and dentated, five on the fore wing and four on the hind
wing, the antemedial line of the fore wing absent: the fore
wing has a white subcostal dot near the base, two just before
the antemedial line, and four or five on the postmedial line,
aud the hind wing has four or five similar dots on the
medial line, all very minute, and black dots on the outer
wnargin of both wings. Underside pale brownish, the hinder
margin of fore wing and abdominal margin of hind wing
whitish ; two postmedial outwardly curved brown lines on
both wings and lunulate marginal black line.

Expanse of wings, 1,3, inch.

Hab. Cape York, Australia.

Diomea padanga, nov.

Q. Palpi, head, thorax, and fore wing uniformly dark
cupreous brown : fore wing with six white costal dots, one
near the apex, the largest joined to a somewhat larger white
spot immediately below it ; outer marginal line ochreous,
cilia dark greyish brown: hind wing pale brown inclining to
greyish on the abdominal half ; outer marginal line ochreous,
somewhat lunulate ; cilia as in the fore wing; abdomen con-
colorous with the hind wing. Underside: fore wing pale
brown, a short ochreous mark on the outer margin from the
apex, hinder marginal area pale grey, a transverse postmedial
brown line, outwardly curved ; body, legs, and hind wing
grey.

Expanse of wings, 1,1, inch.
Hab. Padang, Sumatra.

Hypospila andamana, nov.

g. Palpi, head, body, and both wings brownish ochreous :
fore wing with a small white spot at the end of the cell and
two white dots in an inwardly oblique line below it ; a broad

Indo-Malayan and Australian Noctuide. 125

blackish patch across the wing before the middle, broad at
the costa and gradually somewhat narrowing to the hinder
margin, the outer margin of the patch curving round the
white spot, then straight down to the hinder margin ; ante-
medial and medial black, irregular and thin transverse lines,
the medial line running through the outer margin of the
patch, a blackish thin straight band from near the apex of
the fore wing to the abdominal margin of the hind wing
close to the hinder angle, its outer edge somewhat suffused ;
a fine lunulate black marginal line pricked with white dots.
Underside: fore wing blackish brown, a white spot ringed
with a fine black line at the end of the cell, a line of black
submarginal marks interrupted by the veins, the space from
this to the margin ochreous, hinder marginal space whitish :
hind wing pale ochreous suffused with blackish, a black
ringed white spot at the end of the cell, two outwardly
curved lunulate lines across the middle, a submarginal series
of white spots; abdomen and legs concolorous with the
wings, a white spot at the base of the palpi.

2. Fore wing uniform blackish brown, very dark, nearly
black ; a white spot at the end of the cell; a black transverse
straight band as in the male, but pale-edged outwardly :
hind wing slightly paler, no other markings. Underside:
both wings as dark as the upperside of the fore wings;
markings as in the male, but without the ochreous space at
the outer margin of the fore wing.

Expanse of wings, ¢ ? , 1,4, inch.
Hab. Port Blair, Andamans, 2 3, 1 2, Nicobars, 1 ?.

Tochara creberrima.

Thermesia creberrima, Walker, xv. 1574 (1858).

Iluwa pyralina, Moore, P. Z. 8. 1877, p. 610.

Tochara obliqua, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 175, pl. vi. fig. 27 (1882).
Thermesia creberrima, Hampson, Moths of India, ii. p. 536 (1894).

The type came from Silhet; it is described by Walker as
a female, but the description is that of a male; the female
does not seem to have been described by anyone. The
pattern is that of the male, but the colour is uniform dark
purplish brown. I have both sexes from the Khasia Hills
(four females) and a male from Goping Perak ; Hampson
also records it from the Andamans.

Tochara gilloloensis, nov.

6. Antenne and palpi dark grey. Upperside: head,
body, and both wings pinkish white ; wings irrorated with

126 On Indo-Malayan and Australian Noctuide.

minute grey atoms, thickest on the costa of the fore wing ;
a reniform stigma made somewhat lunulate by its black
borders ; a postmedial thick chestnut straight line inwardly
edged with white, from apex of fore wing to the abdominal
margin of hind wing a little above the hinder angle ; a fine
marginal, lunulate black line pricked with black points and
a few white points. Underside as on upperside without the
grey irrorations : fore wing with a black dct in the cell, a
small black ringlet at the end: hind wing with antemedial
and medial line of black dots, both wings with a postmedial
series of small black spots, the one nearest the apex of the
hind wing the largest ; body and legs concolorous with the
wings ; shape of the wings much as in 7’. criberrima, but it
is a smaller insect.
Expanse of wings, 1445 inch.

Hab, Gilolo Isl., N. Moluccas.

Tochara uniformis, nov.

g. Antenne longer than usual in the genus, shaft brown,
pectinations grey, shorter than usual; palpi and top of
head black ; body and wings of a uniform pale ochreous-
grey colour, slightly pinkish tinged, a faint whitish reniform
mark on fore wing, a white straight postmedial line across
both wings from the costa near the apex of fore wing to the
abdominal margin of hind wing one-third above the hinder
angle ; cilia white, no other markings. Underside nearly
white, very uniform in colour ; a blackish lunule at the end of
each cell, a black postmedial outwardly curved line across
both wings, and a black lunular marginal line ; body and
legs concolorous with the wings, fore and mid legs black in
front. A large insect, the wings much broader than usual.

Expanse of wings, 1,85 inch.

Hab. Padang, Sumatra.

Tochara salea, nov.

@. Palpi, head, body, and both wings ochreous brown ;
the ground-colour is really ochreous, but both wings are
densely irrorated with olive-brown ; a dark spot in the cell of
fore wing, another at the end and one below it; a thick
white straight line, outwardly edged with black, from near
apex of fore wing to the abdominal margin of hind wing
near the hinder angle ; a marginal lunular, thin black line
pricked with black dots; cilia pale with a somewhat darker
jnternal line. Underside pale ochreous brown; all the cells

On a new Species of Huneomys from Patagonia. 127

with internal black dot and black spot at the end, a medial
and discal transverse series of black spots, a marginal series
of black lunules ; body and legs concolorous with the wings.
Expanse of wings, 1,5 inch.
Hab. Fergusson Isl., Tobriand Group, Papua.

Genus PrERATA, nov.

Male with a slight tuft of hair on inner side of 2nd joint
of palpi and very large tuft on inner side of 3rd joint ;
antenne ciliated: fore wing with the costa arched, outer
margin oblique, wing long and somewhat narrow; a large
costal fold: hind wing ample, outer margin rounded, veins
3 and 4 from angle of cell; section iv. of Hampson’s group
of the genus Adrapsa.

Type, Perata curiosalis, Swinhoe, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist.
(6) xv. p. 16 (1895).

XVIII.—A new Species of Kuneomys from Patagonia.
By OLDFIELD THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

AMONG some small mammals which, through the kind inter-
mediary of Dr. R, Dabbene, the British Museum owes to the
authorities of the Zoological Museum, Buenos Ayres, is an
example of a new species of Huneomys, which may be called

Euneomys dabbenei, sp. n.

Size very much less than in other species. Fur soft and
fine, hairs of back about 6-7 mm. in length. General colour
pale neutral grey slightly tinged by the buffy brown of the
ends of the hairs, but nothing like so strongly as in LZ. chin-
chilloides. Under surface greyish white, the bases of the hairs
deep slaty, the ends faintly tinged with buffy or cream, not
strongly buffy as in chinchilloides. Hands and feet pure white.
Tail markedly bicolor, blackish above, white below.

Skull conspicuously smaller than that of E. chinchilloides,
broader and shorter in proportion. Interorbital region with
sharply square but not beaded edges. Palatal foramina large,
with sharp raised edges round them, their hinder edge level
with the middle of m’,

128 Mr. O. Thomas on

Measurements (the external ones as taken by the col-
lector) :—

Head and body 90 mm. ; tail 53; hind foot (c. u.) 24,
(s. u.) 22; ear 14.

Skull: greatest length 25:2 ; condylo-incisive length 24 ;
zygomatic breadth 15°6 ; nasals 10°5 ; interorbital breadth
3°5; breadth of brain-case 13°1; height of crown from base
of m? 7:7; palatilar length 11°8; palatal foramina 6°8 ; upper
molar series 9°3.

Hab. Lago Viedma, Santa Cruz, Patagonia.

Type. Young adult male. B.M. no. 19. 6.26.1. Original
number 360. Collected 17th December, 1914, by J. R.
Pemberton. Presented by the Buenos Ayres Museum.

This species differs so materially in size of skull from
E. chinchilloides and E. petersoni that it should evidently be
distinguished from them. Whether they are distinct from
each other I very much doubt, as the typical skulls of the
two are of almost precisely the same size, and in describing
FE. petersoni Dr. Allen contents himself by referring to the
Tierra del Fuego locality of chinchilloides without assigning
any reason for the separation of the Patagonian animal
from it.

Although not old, the type of E. dabbenei is not materially
younger than that of L. chinchilloides.

XIX.—List of Mammals from the Highlands of Jujuy, North
Argentina, collected by Sr. EH. Budin. By OLDFIELD
‘THOMAS. |

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

THE following is a list of some mammals collected by
Sr. Budin at Abrapampa and Casabindo, on the high plateau
of North-western Jujuy. The former locality is at an alti-
tude of about 3500 metres, and the latter 4000, while there
are, in addition, a number obtained higher up on the Casa-
bindo Cerro or Volcano, as high as 4800 m.

As with the Maimara mammals, of which I gave an account
in 1913, these collections clearly indicate the close affinity
of the highland Jujuy fauna with that of Bolivia, this
being represented by the series sent home by the late
Mr. Perry O. Simons. By their help I am enabled more

Mammals from North Argentina. 129

accurately to work out the distribution of the different forms *.

The most striking novelty is the new Abrocoma, a genus
not previously known from Argentina.

In fulfilment of my promise of further information on the
subject, I may record here that the locality “Otro Cerro,”
where the collection was obtained of which I gave an account
in the May ‘ Annals’ f, proves, after all, to be in the Province
of Catamarca, Sr. Budin was thus right as to the Province,
but wrong as to the distance and direction from Chumbicha,
Otro Cerro being really about 18 kilometres N.N.W. of
Chumbicha, and just to the south of Poman.

Correction is therefore needed as to the Province for all the
species then described.

1. Andinomys edax, Thos.

3. 524, 527, 531, 533, 544; 9. 529, 530, 536, 541.
Cerro Casabindo, 4000-4800 m.

“Caught among the rocks on the banks of a stream.” —

He B:

* The following new Euneomys, coming from the same general
region as the present collection, and, in fact, from the same locality as
the type of the new Galea, may be conveniently described here :—

Euneomys (Auliscomys) leucurus, sp. 0.

Allied to E. sublimis, but larger.

Size intermediate between those of LE, pictus and sublimis, Colour
not very exactly definable, as the available specimens are either in
spirit or have recently been skinned out of it, with resultant discolora-
tion. The general tone, however, appears to be somewhat as in sublimis,
but more drabby or greyish ; hairs of under surface slaty, broadly washed
with pale buffy. Hands, feet, and tail white, a very faintly marked
narrow darker line perceptible along the top of the latter.

Skull considerably larger than that of sublimis, but similarly built ;
not so broad and stout as in doliviensis and pictus. Zygomatic plate
rather narrow. Palatal foramina long, reaching the level of the middle
root of m’. Bulle small, proportionally as in swblimis, smaller than in
micropus, much smaller than in pictus and boliviensis.

Dimensions of the type (measured on the spirit-specimen, which is
probably somewhat contracted) :—

Head and body 102 mm. ; tail 58 ; hind foot 21:3; ear 20.

Skull: greatest length 30:5; condylo-incisive length 29; zygomatic
breadth 16°3; nasals 11-7; interorbital breadth 4; breadth of brain-
ease 12°8; palatilar length 15; palatal foramina 7:7; antero-posterior
length of bulla 4°7 ; upper molar series 5:7.

Hab. La Lagunita, Maimara, Jujuy.

Type. Adult female in spirit. B.M. no. 19. 7.10.3. Collected by
E. Budin. Five specimens examined, two of them quite young.

As shown by its small bull, this species is clearly most closely allied
io ae sublimis, but is readily distinguishable by the greater size of its
skull.

+ Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (9) iii. p. 489.

130 Mr. O. Thomas on

2. Phyllotis ricardulus, Thos.

gd. 410, 411, 420, 421, 457, 458,473, 482; 9. 412, 456,
459, 463, 469, 479, 481, 483. Abrapampa, 3500 m.

3. 503, 506, 516, 517, 526, 535; 2. 502,510, 525, 528,
543. Casabindo, 4000-4500 m.

The Pericotes from Maimara, Jujuy, provisionally referred
to P. wolffsohni in 1913*, appear also to be referable to
P. rvicardulus, recently described from Otro Cerro, Catamarca.

The true P. wolffsohni of Bolivia has decidedly larger

molars.

3. Hesperomys carillus argurus, subsp. n.

go. 455, 477, 499, 500; 92. 496, 497. Abrapampa,
3500 m.

‘On the bank of the laguna, in humid pasture-land.”

Essential characters apparently quite as in the true /. ca-
rillus, but colour throughout much paler. General colour
above pale drabby buffy varying to greyish buffy ; sides
clearer, sometimes with a well-marked buffy line. Under
surface greyish white, the bases of the hairs broadly slaty.
Head like back. Ears with proectote brown lined with
buffy ; metentote strongly buffy ; a whitish postauricular
spot present. Hands and feet white. ‘Tail wholly white,
one specimen only having its upper median line faintly
darkened. Mamme apparently 3—2=10.

Skull apparently much as in carillus, thouga he zygo-
matic plate is slightly broader than in our only example of
that animal.

Dimensions of the type :—

Head and body 79 mm.; tail 45; hind foot 16:5;
ear 16°5.

Skull: greatest length 22 ; condylo-incisive length 20:2 ;
zygomatic breadth 12; nasals 8°5 ; interorbital breadth 3:3 ;
palatilar length 9:2; palatal foramina 5; upper molar
series 3°4.

Hab. as above.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 19. 8.1.21. Original
number 496. Collected 17th February, 1919.

This pretty laucha is evidently the dry-area representative
of the forest H. carillus, from which it differs by its con-
spicuously lighter colour.

* Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (3) xi. p. 189 (1918).

Mammals from North Argentina. 131

4, Eligmodontia hirtipes jucunda, subsp. n.

3. 438, 447, 449, 450, 472, 474, 488,495 ; 9. 451, 471,
478,487. Abrapampa, 3500 m.

“Caught in sandy soil. Inhabits deserted burrows of
Tuco-tucos.’—E, B.

Similar in proportions and other essential characters to the
typical hirtipes of the Lake Poopo region of Bolivia, but the
colour much less bright and buffy. Upper surface drabby
buff, much darker than the sandy buff of hirtipes—the rump
only more distinctly buffy. Hairs of sides with a lessened
but still perceptible whitish subterminal ring. Face greyish
buffy. Head and sides drabby buff. Under surface pure
white or creamy white to the bases of the hairs. An incon-
spicuous whitish area between eye and ear. Ears with pro-
ectote markedly darker. Hands and feet white. Tail white,
with a darker line generally present along its upper surface,
but this is absent in the oldest individuals ; in hirtipes the
darker line is scarcely ever perceptible.

Skull as in Airtipes.

Dimensions of the type:—

Head and body 85 mm.; tail 80; hind foot 22;
ear 18.

Skull: greatest length 25; condylo-incisive length 22°2 ;
zygomatic breadth 13°2; palatilar length 10:2; palatal
foramina 5°7 ; upper molar series 4.

Hab. as above.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 19. 8.1.29. Original
number 488. Collected 5th February, 1919.

This Jujuy representative of the beautiful little gerbil-
mouse of the desert-region round Lake Poopo may be readily
distinguished by its greyer and duller coloration.

5. Bolomys albiventer, Thos.

3. 437, 439, 452, 460, 461, 464, 466, 470, 475, 480, 486;
?. 404, 408, 419, 453, 465, 467, 485, 494. Abrapampa,
3500 m.

6. 901, 505, 519; 2. 504, 542. Casabindo, 4000 m.

This is evidently the common vole-mouse (as the members
of the Akodon group might be termed) of the whole of the
high Octodontomys area of Bolivia and N. Argentina.

6. Octodontomys gliroides, Gerv. & D’Orb.
3S. 513, 514,521. Casabindo, 4000 m.

132 Mr. O, Thomas on

7. Ctenomys luteolus, Thos.

&d. 415, 416, 423, 426, 427, 432, 433,442,493; 9. 407,
409, 413, 424, 431, 440, 441, 445, 489, 492. Abrapampa,
3500 m.

This tuco-tuco was described in 1899 on a single specimen
from the “ Cordillera of Jujuy ’—therefore very much the
same locality as the present.

The coloration, notably the whitish or white nose, proves
to be absolutely constant throughout this fine series, while
in the skull I find that the anterior cheek-teeth are slightly
less in diameter than in opimus, and the skull itself does not
seem to attain so great a size. I consequently now use the
name in a binomial form.

8. Abrocoma cinerea, sp. n.

d. 540. Cerro Casabindo, 4800 m. (=15,600'), 22nd
March, 1919. B.M. no. 19. 8.2.29. Type.

A grey mountain Abrocoma, with very short tail and feet.

Size about as in A. murrayi, smaller than in A. bennettit.
Fur very soft and fine; hairs of back just over 20 mm. in
length. General colour above light grey, slightly paler than
“pale neutral grey’; lighter on sides ; belly broadly washed
with greyish white. Ears very large, almost naked, brown.
Forearms and lower legs buffy whitish; hands and feet
silvery white. Soles of the same crenulated structure as in
the other species, but the feet themselves disproportionally
small, only about half the length of theskull. Tail also very
short, about half as long as in the other species, uniformly
closely haired, not crested, pale neutral grey above, white
below.

Skull showing an extreme development of the differences
that separate A. murrayi from bennett. A. murray? has a
bowed skull, with small incisors and large bull; in A. ci-
nerea the skull is more bowed, has still smaller—indeed,
quite abnormally small—incisors and still larger buile.
Otherwise there is little to distinguish the two, and the struc-
ture of the molars is quite the same in all. Height of middle
part of zygomata greatest (4:5 mm.) in bennettii, 34 in
murrayt, least (2°38 mm.) in etnerea. Posterior palatine
foramina quite small, not the conspicuous opening found in
the other species.

Dimensions of the type :—

Head and body 192 mm.; tail 70; hind foot 27°5;
ear 29°5.

Mammals from North Argentina. 133

Skull: greatest median length 48; condylo-incisive length
44:7; zygomatic breadth 23°3; bimeatal breadth 25:5;
nasals 19°5x6°3; interorbital breadth 8°5; least breadth
across brain-case 20°3 ; palatilar length 21°5 ; palatal fora-
mina 11 ; bulle, diagonal horizontal length 16°8, height to
protruding part on top of skull 17 ; upper cheek-tooth series,
crowns 9, alveoli 9°7.

Hab, and type as above.

So different does this ‘“* Raton Chinchilla,” as Sr. Budin
calls it, look from anything known, that it was at first sup-
posed to represent a new genus ; but close study shows that
its peculiarities are only a further specialization of those
shown by Wolffsohn’s Abrocoma murrayi, and that there is
no reason to separate it generically. It is, however, in any
case a very striking addition to the mammal fauna of Argen-
tina, the other species of the genus being Chilian or Peruvian.

The single specimen was trapped by Sr. Budin—to his
great delight—among the rocks on the Volcano of Casabindo,
at the very considerable altitude recorded above. Of H. ben-
nettit we have examples taken by Mr. Wolffsohn at 200 and
800 metres, and of H. murrayt at 600 metres in the lower
highlands of Chili. But how far they range up on the main

Jordillera I do not know.

9. Lagidium vulcant, sp. n.

3. 507; ¢. 508. Casabindo, 4000 m.

3. 538, 539, and a separate skull. Cerro Casabindo,
4800 m.

“Shot among the rocks.”—Z. B.

Near L. tucumanum, but much more suffused with buffy,
and with white incisors,

General colour of adult strongly suffused with buffy, the
ends of the hairs more or less buffy yellow. Sides and belly
brighter yellowish. White axillary and inguinal patches
present. Face more greyish or whitish buffy than the body,
the colour there much lighter than in other species. Hands
and feet buffy whitish. Tail with the usual blackish under
surface.

Skull larger than in tucumanum. Nasals fairly narrow,
slightly inflated anteriorly, but not broader than the pre-
maxilla. Frontal processes of premaxillee more surpassing
the nasals. Lacrymal bones larger, projeeted over the orbit.
Projecting area of bulle on top of skull of the same shape as
in tucumanum, but larger. Incisive fissure quite narrow, not

134 Mr. O. Thomas on

open as in lockwoodi. Bulle much inflated, larger than in
tucumanum, nearly equalling those of lockwoodt.

Incisors wholly white. Molars larger and heavier than in
tucumanum, and their lamina slightly less oblique, more
transverse than in that species.

Dimensions of the type :—

Head and body 370 mm.; tail 301; hind foot 90; ear
(dry) “Tt =.

Skull: greatest length 88; condylo-incisive length 81;
zygomatic breadth 44 ; nasals 33°5 x 10°5; breadth of brain-
case 35; projecting upper part of bulla 5°6 x 8:5 ; palatilar
length 41 ; diameter of bulla at right angles to their longest
axis 11°8 ; upper tooth-series, crowns 21, alveoli 21°8 ;
greatest breadth across the two series 21°8 ; breadth of m on
lamina 52.

Hab. Cerro Casabindo, 4800 m.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 19. 8.2.32. Original
number 538. Collected 20th March, 1919.

The two specimens from the lower altitude (4000 m.) of
Casabindo itself are not so buffy as the two from the Cerro
at 4800 m., but they are both much younger, and I put
down their greater greyness to this cause.

This species is distinguishable from LZ. tucumanum by its
white incisors, all our four specimens of that animal having
them deep yellow, as is also the case in L. cuscus and
lockwoodti, its larger teeth, larger bulla, and by the yellowish-
buffy colour of the fur.

10. Galea comes, sp. n.
do. 490, 491; 9. 448. Abrapampa, 3500 m.

External characters quite as in G. boliviensis.

Skull stout and strongly built, very much as in G@. anceps.
Nasals running back in the centre to a point projecting con-
siderably further backward than the premaxillary processes—
more so than in the lectotype of G. boliviensis. Mesoptery-
goid fosse parallel-sided, their anterior edge nearly squarely
transverse, or notched, their general shape resembling the
upper half of the figure called “ scutiform ” by Ridgway f.
‘he same is the case in G. anceps, while in G. boliviensis
they are narrowed anteriorly to a V-shaped notch, not unlike

* There is an obvious Japsus calami in the measurement given on
Sr. Budin’s label, so I have simply measured the dry ear.
+ ‘Nomenclature of Colours,’ ed. 1, pl. xu. (1912).

Mammals from North Argentina. 135

the top part of the figure named “cuneate.’”’ Bulle about
as in G. boliviensis, not so swollen as in anceps.

Dimensions of the type :—

Head and body 243 mm. ; hind foot 39; ear 22.

Skull: greatest length BA : ; condylo-incisive length 48: 2;
zygomatic breadth 33; nasals 20 x 8°2; interorbital breadth
12; palatilar length 24 ; antero-posterior length of bulla 13 ;
upper tooth-series, crowns 13 ; breadth across m? 15°3.

Hab. Jujuy. Type from Maimara, 2230 m. Other speci-
mens from Abrapampa.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 12. 12.12.53. Original
no. 25. Collected 15th March, 1912, by E. Budin and
presented by the Hon. N. Charles Rothschild. Hight speci-
mens examined.

This Cuiso agrees with G. boliviensis in the size of its
bulle, but differs by the peculiarly broadened shape of the
choanse, which are more like those of the large-bulla species,
G. anceps.

11. Dasypus nationt, Thos.

3d. 435, 436. Abrapampa, 3500 m.

*‘ Quirchincho.”

So far as I am aware, no specimen of this distinct species
has been recorded since I described it in 1894* on an
example sent from Oruro to Prof. Nation of Peru, by whom
it was presented to the British Museum.

The type having had quite an imperfect skull, I am glad
to be now able to record the skull-measurements of. an old
male of the species, no. 435:—Condylo-nasal length 73 ;
basal length 60°5 ; zygomatic breadth 46; nasals 24x 8°5 ;
interorbital breadth 18°5; bi-meatal breadth 45; palatal
length 42; greatest breadth of palate including teeth 16.

These two specimens differ in the number of scale-rows in
the shoulder-shield, no. 436, like the type, having only three
rows in the centre, while ne 435 has four.

Both specimens are rather more hairy than the type, but
the latter looks somewhat worn and may possibly have been
in confinement.

12. Marmosa elegans pallidior, Thos.

9. 462. Abrapampa, 3500 m.

6. 512, 518, 520, 522; ¢. 509, 511, 515, 523, 537.
Casabindo, 4000-4500 m.

* Ann. & Mag. N. H. (6) xiii. p. 70,

136 On Two Species of Cicadidee.

XX.—Two apparently undescribed Species of Cicadidee
from Tropical Africa. By W. L. Distant.

THE two species of Ugada here described are in the Collection
of the British Museum, a collection now, without a doubt,
the finest and most comprehensive in the world.

Ugada nigrofasciata, sp. n.

Body dark castaneous bro vn; pronotum with a_ broad
transverse black fascia at the anterior margin of the posterior
area of the pronotum, which is dull ochraceous, and the
extreme posterior margin of same, black ; mesonotum with
four small dark obconical spots, on anterior margin of which
the two central ones are largest, and a longer but more
obscure spot on the lateral areas ; abdomen above darker in
hue with the segmental margins narrowly ochraceous, the
three terminal segments thickly whitely tomentose ; body
beneath with the pronotal angular dilatations, the tibia and
rostrum—excluding base—black or blackish; base of rostrum,
streaks to coxe and trochanters, and the opercula in g,
ochraceous ; tegmina dull greyishly opaque, excepting on
apical area where it is marginally, submarginally, and on
most of postcostal area vitreous, the venation black and the
basal cell thickly, pale stramineously tomentose, the costal
membrane ochraceous ; wings pale castaneous brown, the
venation darker in hue, the posterior marginal area vitreous,
darkly suffused near anal angle; pronotal angles strongly
angularly produced ; head including eyes about two-thirds
the width of base of mesonotum; rostrum reaching base of
posterior trochanters ; face strongly centrally longitudinally
suleate and on each side strongly transversely sulcate.

Long., ¢ & @ (excl. tegm.), 35-38 ; exp. tegm. 105-112 ;
breadth between pronot. angl. 22-23 mm.

Hab. Kamerun; Buar, Tazada.

Ugada atratula, sp. n.

Body black, eyes shining black ; lateral areas and posterior
marginal area of pronotum, sternum, and opercula more
fuscous in hue; legs black; tegmina with about basal half
fuscous brown where all the veins are somewhat broadly
piceous, remaining area hyaline or subhyaline, the veins
black, a subapical fuscous angulated fascia crossing the
unional veins of the four upper ulnar and apical areas and
marked with a few pale spots and a somewhat similar apical
submarginal fascia enclosing five marginal pale spots, another

On new Pyralide of the Subfamily Crambine. 137

pale spot enclosed on the union of the two lower apical areas;
wings fuscous, the venation sanguineous, the marginal fringe
pale hyaline ; pronotal lateral angles prominently broad and
acute; head including eyes a little more than two-thirds the
width of base of mesonotum ; rostrum passing the posterior
trochanters; opercula (in @) short, broadly rounded, their
inner angles almost uniting; face centrally longitudinally
and on each side strongly transversely suleate.

Long., 3, 30 (excl. tegm.) ; exp. tegm. 100 mm.

Hab. French Central Africa; Tuburi Marsh (P. A.
Talbot).

XXI.—Descriptions of New Pyralide of the Subfamilies
Crambine and Sigine. By Sir Greorce F. Hampson,
Bart., F.Z.S., &e.

[Continued from p. 68. }

(8 c) Surattha rubrifusalis, sp. n.

3. Head and thorax white tinged with red-brown, the former
faintly ; abdomen white slightly tinged with red-brown ; antennz
black; palpi tinged with red-brown; pectus, legs, and ventral
surface of abdomen white faintly tinged with red-brown, the fore
tibiz and tarsi suffused with red-brown, the mid and hind tarsi
banded with red-brown. Fore wing white suffused with pale red-
brown and slightly irrorated with black, especially on basal and
costal areas; a short diffused black fascia below base of cell; an
indistinct diffused curved black antemedial line; a black bar from
middle of costa and point above vein 1; a black fascia in and just
beyond end of cell with a white discoidal spot on it; a white sub-
terminal line defined on inner side by blackish, excurved below vein
6, then faint; a terminal series of blackish points; cilia white with
a brown line through them. Hind wing white faintly tinged with
red-brown. Underside of fore wing tinged with red-brown.

@. Thorax and fore wing strongly suffused with red-brown.

Hab. Br. BE. Arnica, Manda I. (Jackson), 1 3,1 Q type.
Exp. 22 mm.

(8d) Surattha pheomesa, sp. n.

2. Head, thorax, and abdomen greyish suffused with brown and
some rufous, the abdomen more rufous towards base of dorsum ;
antenne fuscous; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen
white tinged with brown. Fore wing greyish suffused with brown
and some rufous, the costal area almost entirely white, extending on
outer half of medial area to the median nervure and vein 4, the

ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. iv. 1

138 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

terminal area white; a diffused black subbasal line, oblique below
submedian fold and slightly angled outwards above inner margin ;
antemedial line formed by diffused black marks below the costa
and in and below the cell, then almost obsolete ; medial line rather
diffused, black, angled outwards at median nervure and vein 1; the
outer half of medial area grey suffused with fuscous, white to vein
4: a small black discoidal spot; postmedial line rather diffused,
black defined on outer side by rufous, somewhat dentate and
slightly angled outwards below submedian fold, forming a small
spot at costa; subterminal line strong, rufous with some black
at costa, its outer edge slightly dentate, its inner excurved at
middle; a maculate black terminal line. Hind wing greyish
fuscous. Underside greyish fuscous, the fore wing with the
terminal half of costa white with a small black postmedial spot
on it.

Ab. 1. Fore wing with a white line beyond the antemedial black
marks, the terminal area with the rufous much broader and the
white before and beyond it reduced.

Ab. 2. Fore wing with the outer half of medial area dark except
at costa.

Hab. “Germ. E. Arrica,” Lulanguru, nr. Tabora (Carpenter),
4 2 type. Hap. 18-20 mm.

(8e) Surattha diffusilinea, sp. n.

Head white; thorax and abdomen white tinged with rufous ;
antenne of male with the branches black; palpi slightly tinged
with rufous; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white.
Fore wing white faintly tinged with rufous and slightly irrorated
with blackish ; a diffused oblique black antemedial line, excurved
below submedian fold; two similar medial lines, the inner more
diffused and indistinct, the outer with a pure white discoidal lunule
on its outer edge; a diffused curved black postmedial line and
similar but narrower and somewhat dentate subterminal line;
a terminal series of slight blackish points; cilia white mixed with
some red-brown. Hind wing white faintly tinged with rufous.
Underside white tinged with rufous.

Hab. N.S. Waxes, Broken Hill (Lower),1 5,1 2 type. Hyp.
20 mm,

(3,f) Surattha albicostalis, sp. n.

©. Head and thorax white tinged with rufous ; abdomen white ;
palpi white mixed with rufous and with some blackish at tips ; pectus
and legs white. Fore wing white suffused with rutous and thickly
irrorated with black in the interspaces, the costal area pure white,
with a slight rufous tinge towards base; slight subbasal and
antemedial marks in the cell and a black streak below vein 1
on antemedial area; an indistinct oblique white medial line from
subcostal nervure to inner margin, defined on each side by slight

Pyralidee 07 the Subfamily Crambinz. 139

diffused black marks; black bars before and beyond the disco-
cellulars ; postmedial line white, defined on inner side by diffused
black except at costa and on outer by fulvous yellow, excurved
beyond the cell and incurved at submedian fold; a series of small
dentate black spots before termen; cilia white with red-brown
lines near base and tips. Hind wing white faintly tinged with red-
brown, the cilia pure white with a pale red-brown line near base.
Underside white slightly tinged with rufous.

fab. Mavras, Horseleykonda (Campbell), 1 Q@ type. Exp.
28 mm.

(4a) Surattha endoleuca, sp. n.

do. Head and thorax white irrorated with brown; antennze with
the shaft white, the branches black ; abdomen red-brown with some
white at base and extremity and with white segmental lines except
towards base, the ventral surface white irrorated with brown;
pectus and femora white; tibize and tarsi pale red-brown. Fore
wing reddish brown tinged with grey and irrorated with white, the
inner area and the termen except towards apex white irrorated with
brown; a faint, pale fulvous, almost medial line oblique towards
costa, then waved and ending at vein 1, defined on outer side by
black irroration below subcostal nervure and on inner side below
the cell; a subbasal patch of black irroration above and below
vein 1; a small white discoidal spot; subterminal line white
towards costa then pale fulvous, ending at vein 1, dentate except
towards costa and defined on inner side by black irroration,
somewhat excurved at middle, then oblique; a rather maculate
black terminal line; cilia white tinged with fulvous, with two
slight blackish lines through them and some black scales at tips.
Hind wing whitish suffused with reddish brown; a fine dark
terminal line; the cilia whiter with traces of two dark lines
through them. Underside white tinged with reddish brown
especially on fore wing which has the subterminal line white
and maculate.

Hab. 8. Pauestine, El Fukhari (Austen), 2 3 type. Hep.
20 mm.

(46) Surattha arenalis, sp. n.

3. Head, thorax, and abdomen whitish suffused with pale
red-brown ; antenne with the shaft white, the branches pale red-
brown ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white. Fore
wing whitish uniformly suffused with pale reddish brown; traces
of a sinuous dark line from lower angle of cell to inner margin and
of a postmedial line excurved towards costa and inner margin and
incurved at vein 2. Hind wing whitish strongly suffused with
reddish brown. Underside whitish suffused with reddish brown.

2. Hind wing paler.

Hab. PunsaB, Moghal Sarai (Betton),1 ¢,3 2 type. Hyvp.,
6 20, 9 24-26 mm.

MY Ae

140 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

(5a) Surattha ochrifasciata, sp. n.

3d. Head and thorax black irrorated with a few white scales ;
abdomen whitish suffused with black; pectus and legs white mixed
with black. Fore wing black mixed with grey-white, the costal
area tinged with red-brown to towards apex with a black streak
below its medial part ; a reddish-ochreous fascia in submedian
interspace to beyond middle with a deep black streak below it on
terminal half; another reddish-ochreous fascia in and beyond end
of cell. Hind wing whitish tinged with brown; a blackish streak
on terminal part of vein 1 and some black scales on termen from
apex to submedian fold. Underside of fore wing and costal area of
hind wing suffused with reddish brown.

Hab. Br. E. Arrica, Eb Urru (Betton), 1 3 type. Hap.

28 mm.

Genus CATANCYLA, nov.
Type, C. brunnea.

Proboscis fully developed ; palpi downcurved, extending about
twice the length ‘of head and thickly scaled; maxillary palpi
triangularly dilated with scales; frons with pointed conical
prominence; antenne of male bipectinate with rather long
branches to apex. Fore wing rather narrow, the apex rounded,
the termen evenly curved; vein 2 from towards angle of cell ;
3 and 5 from angle, 4 absent; 6 from below upper angle; 7, 8, 9
stalked; 10, 11 from cell, 11 not anastomosing with 12. Hind
wing with vein 2 from well before angle of cell; 3 and 5 from
angle, 4 absent; 6 obsolescent from below upper angle; 8 approxi-
mated to 7, but not anastomosing with it.

In key differs from Ancylolomia in the fore wing having vein 4
absent and 11 free.

Catancyla brunnea, sp. n.

$. Head and thorax bright red-brown; abdomen whitish
suffused with red-brown; pectus and legs whitish suffused with
red-brown. Fore wing bright red-brown mixed with some whitish —
and irrorated with blackish, a whitish fascia in submedian fold to
end of cell; traces of an oblique postmedial series of blackish points
on veins 6 to 1; a red-brown terminal line and line near base of
cilia. Hind wing white tinged with red- brown. Underside of fore
wing whitish tinged with red-brown.

Q. Fore wing more uniform red-brown without the whitish
fascia below the cell, traces of a blackish medial line bent outwards
below costa and incurved below submedian fold, the postmedial
points more distinct and somewhat clavate, a Linveantonl series
of blackish points on the veins.

Hab. W. Ausrrauia, Roebourne,1 g,2 2 type. Exp., gd 22,
@ 24 mm.

Pyralidee of the Subfamily Crambine, 141

(la) Ancylolomia castaneata, sp. n.

3. Head and thorax glossy black-brown ; abdomen rufous with
a cupreous gloss; palpi, pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen
red-brown suffused with blackish. Fore wing chestnut-brown, the
inner half to near termen and a postmedial shade except at costa
fuscous brown; a black streak in the cell with some silvery scales
above it, two short streaks beyond the cell, and a short streak
in submedian fold below end of cell; a slightly sinuous dark
subterminal line with some silvery scales on it; a series of black
points before termen ; cilia with a dark line at base. Hind wing
pale reddish brown. Underside greyish tinged with red-brown.

Hab. Transvaat, White R. (Cooke), 2 5 type. Exp. 32 mm.

(16) Ancylolomia melanella, sp. n.

Head and thorax black-brown ; abdomen greyish dorsally tinged
with brown. Fore wing black-brown; cupreous fasciz with streaks
of black scales on them in the cell, on the veins for some distance
beyond it and in submedian interspace; silvery streaks above
median nervure, in the interspaces beyond the cell for some
distance and below submedian fold; a whitish terminal band with
series of fuscous and black points on it, defined on inner side by
silvery and brown lines and angled at vein 3; cilia black with pale
tips. Hind wing white, the costal area and terminal area to vein 2
in male, in female the costal area only tinged with brown.

Hab. “Guero. E. Arrica,” Dar-es-Salaam, 19; Narat, Maritz-
burg (Queckett),1 ¢ type. Hwp. 30 mm.

(1d) Ancylolomia perfasciata, sp. n.

3. Head and thorax golden cupreous with a black streak on
vertex of head and thorax and fascia at sides of tegule and patagia,
the outer edge of base of patagia white; abdomen white with some
fulvous at base of dorsum and forming slight segmental lines ;
antenne tinged with black; pectus and legs white, the latter
tinged with golden cupreous; ventral surface of abdomen with
subventral and ventral cupreous streaks. Fore wing golden
cupreous ; a blackish fascia through the cell to the subterminal
line, rather diffused beyond the cell, and another on basal half
of vein 1, then in submedian interspace to the subterminal line ;
streaks of black scales through the cell, in terminal half of sub-
median fold and on the veins beyond the cell; silvery streaks above
median nervure, above and below terminal half of submedian fold
and in the interspaces beyond the cell to the subterminal line,
which is double, silvery blackish filled in with orange-yellow,
oblique towards apex, then minutely dentate to vein 3 where it
is angled outwards, then incurved; a silvery blackish line before
termen, arising before apex, slightly waved to below vein 4 where
it is interrupted and oblique from below vein 3 ; cilia silvery fuscous

142 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

at base, then silvery white tinged with fuscous at tips. Hind wing
glossy white. Underside of fore wing and costal area of hind wing
suffused with red-brown except on terminal area.

@. Fore wing with the black fascize much stronger.

Ab. 1. Hind wing suffused with fuscous, the base white.

Hab. ABYSSINIA, Zegi Tsana (Degen), 1 2; Br. E. Arnica,
Nakura (Bodeker), 1 3,1 92 type; Ueganpna (Doggett), Tg,
MasHONALAND, Salisbury (Marshall),1 3; Transvaau(Cholmley),
2 $, Johannesburg (Cregoe), 1 3, Pretoria (Distant), 1 9;
ZULULAND, Ler. Teel R. (Reynolds), 2 g,1 Q ; Navat, Maritz-
burg (Burnup), 1 Ee MADAGASCAR, ‘Antananarivo (Kingdon ), 2
Exp. 32-42 mm.

(le) Ancylolomia prepiella, sp. n.

Head, thorax, and abdomen white ; palpi brown at sides; patagia
with the upper half brown. Fore wing golden brown with pure
white fasciz on costa to near apex, below the cell to just beyond
lower angle, on inner margin, and above vein 5; two silver streaks
in cell, one in submedian interspace, and others in the interspaces
beyond the cell; series of black scales on the veins, in the cell, and
in submedian interspaces; a terminal white band with series of
black points on it and defined on inner side by silvery and white
lines; cilia silver at tips. Hind wing pure white.

Hab. Transvaat, White R. (Cook), 1 3,1 2, Modderfontein
(Cruger), 1 9, Johannesburg (Cregoe), 1 ¢ ; Navan, 1 @ type;
BasuToLanpd, Masite (Weigall), 1 og, Pithaneng R. Valley
(Crawshay), 1 3; C. Conony, Zuurberg (Bazrstow), 4 d.
Eep. 25-36 mm.

(1f) Ancylolomia albicostalis, sp. n.

®. Head and thorax pale fulvous; abdomen white; antenne
tinged with fuscous, pectus white; legs and ventral surface of
abdomen pale fulvous. Fore wing pale golden cupreous, the costal
area whitish to near apex with the costal edge fuscous ; a white
fascia along median nervure to origin of vein 2; silvery streaks
above terminal half of median nervure, below terminal half of
submedian fold, and in the interspaces beyond the cell to near the
subterminal line; streaks of black scales through the cell, on
terminal part of median nervure, in terminal half of submedian
fold, on medial part of vein 1, and on the veins beyond the cell to
the subterminal line, which is double, silvery, slightly waved, and
angled outwards at vein 3; the termen creamy white with a black
point before it below apex; cilia silvery fuscous at base, then
silvery white with some brown at tips. Hind wing glossy white.
Underside of fore wing tinged with red-brown except on inner and
terminal areas.

Hab. Masvonaand, Salisbury (Marshall), 1 2 type. Kxp.

42 mm.

Pyralidee of the Subfamily Crambine. 143

(46) Ancylolomia lentifascialis, sp. n.

3. Head, thorax, and abdomen white tinged with brown?
antenne tinged with fuscous; palpi and fore legs fulvous brown.
Fore wing whitish irrorated with brown and the costal area tinged
with golden cupreous to beyond middle, a brownish shade through
the cell; faint silvery streaks above median nervure, along vein 1,
and in the interspaces beyond the cell; streaks of black scales
through the cells and on the veins just beyond the cell and a patch
of black and silver scales in submedian fold below origin of vein 2;
subterminal line double, silvery, oblique towards costa, then slightly
waved to vein 3 where it is angled outwards; the termen white
with a brownish line before it from below apex with a series
of slight black points on it; cilia silvery at base, silvery white
at tips. Hind wing glossy white. Underside of fore wing and
costal area of hind wing suffused with red-brown, the termen
whitish.

Hab. Transvaat, Zoutspanberg (Janse), 4 3d type. Hep.

32 mm.

(4c) Acylolomia fulvitinctalis, sp. n.

2. Head and thorax white tinged with rufous ; abdomen white,
the base of dorsum tinged with fulvous ; pectus white ; legs tinged
with rufous; abdomen with blackish subventral spots on medial
segments. Fore wing white tinged with fulvous and _ sparsely
irrorated with black-brown scales ; faint silvery streaks above end
of median nervure, above middle of vein 1, and in the interspaces
beyond the cell; some black scales tending to form short streaks
in end of cell, in the interspaces just beyond the cell, and below
base of vein 2; an indistinctly double brownish and silvery sub- -
terminal line, oblique towards costa, then slightly waved to vein 38
where it is angled outwards; a series of prominent black points
before termen; cilia metallic silvery at base, then silvery white
with some brownish at tips. Hind wing glossy white. Underside
of fore wing and costal area of hind wing tinged with rufous.

Hab. Ucanpa, Gondokoro (Reymes-Cole), 1 Q type. Kup.
36 mm.

(4e) Acylolomia melanothoracia, sp. n.

@. Head and thorax black; abdomen brownish grey, dorsally
fulvous yellow towards base then with whitish segmental lines ;
fore legs whitish. Fore wing ochreous yellow, the costal area to
near apex and the inner area towards base red-brown, the costa
darker towards base; slight streaks of silvery scales with some
black scales above them below discal and submedian folds to end
of cell and in the interspaces of postmedial area; a deep rufous
discoidal bar; a lunulate black postimedial spot between veins
6 and 4 with a quadrate patch beyond it on termen, and an oblique

144 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

mark below vein 2 with a wedge-shaped patch beyond it on termen.
Hind wing glossy fuscous grey, the cilia whiter. Underside fuscous
grey, the fore wing with the costa fulvous yellow towards apex.

Hab. “Gero. KE. Arrica,” Lulanguru, nr. Tabora (Carpenter),
1 9 type. Hap. 26 mm.

(4f) Ancylolomia agraphella, sp. n.

2. Head, thorax, and abdomen fuscous brown, the last dorsally
ochreous towards base. Fore wing pale golden brown irrorated
with a few black scales; a black point at upper angle of cell;
traces of a subterminal series of specks on the veins; a terminal
series of points. Hind wing fuscous.

Hab. Assam (Badgley), 1 2 ; Timor, Oinainissa (Doherty),
1 2 type. Hwp. 28-32 mm.

(5a) Ancylolomia chrysargyria, sp. n.

Head and thorax rufous with some whitish on vertex of head;
abdomen white, the 2nd and 3rd segments dorsally fulvous; pectus,
legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white suffused with rufous.
Fore wing golden cupreous; a diffused whitish fascia on medial
part of costa ; a white fascia on and below median nervure to origin
of vein 2, then below vein 2 to end of cell; a silvery streak below
submedian fold to well beyond middle, a streak below the terminal
half of the white fascia and short streaks in the interspaces beyond
the cell; streaks formed by black scales in terminal half of cell, on
terminal part of median nervure, in submedian fold, and on the basal
half of the veins beyond the cell; the terminal area white with a
narrow silvery subterminal band to submedian fold, excurved at
vein 3, with a fine slightly waved rufous line before it; a series of
minute black points before termen to submedian fold, placed on a
fine brown line interrupted at vein 3; cilia silvery at base, white at
tips. Hind wing glossy white. Underside white, the fore wing
and costal area of hind wing tinged with rufous except on terminal
area.

Hab. 8. Nigerta, Forcados (Simpson), 1 3 , Lokoja (Dudgeon),
192; N. Nieerta, Minna (Macfie), 6 5,1 @ type, Zungeru
(Macfie),1 9. Exp., 5 22, 2 26-28 mm.

(5 6) Ancylolomia cresus, sp. n.

3. Head and thorax fulvous ; abdomen white, the 2nd and 3rd
segments dorsally fulvous; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of
abdomen white suffused with red-brown, the fore tibize and tarsi
white in front. Fore wing golden cupreous; a diffused whitish
fascia on medial part of costa; a pure white fascia below median
nervure to end of cell, silvery streaks on median nervure, below
submedian fold, and in the interspaces beyond the cell to well beyond
middle; streaks formed by black scales from middle of cell, in

~

Pyralidee of the Subfamily Crambine. 145

submedian fold, above vein 1, and on the veins beyond the cell to
well beyond middle; the terminal area white with a silvery sub-
terminal line to submedian fold, angled outwards at vein 3, a fine
rufous line before it; a series of minute black points before termen
to submedian fold, placed on a fine brown line interrupted at vein 8 ;
cilia silvery white with a brownish line at base. Hind wing glossy
white. Underside white, the fore wing and costal area of hind
wing tinged with red-brown except on terminal area.

2. Fore wing with the medial part of costa only slightly pale,
the rufous line before the subterminal line hardly traceable.

flab. Br. E. Arrica, Nairobi (Anderson), 1 3, 4 Q type,
Kikuyu (Crawshay),2 9, Eb Usru (Betton),1 3. Euxp., 3 26-
30, 2 34-40 mm.

(5c) Ancylolomia dives, sp. nv.

3. Head and thorax rufous; abdomen white tinged with rufous;
pectus whitish; legs rufous. Fore wing golden cupreous; a dif-
fused white fascia on medial part of costa; silvery streaks from
middle above and below submedian fold and in the interspaces
beyond the cell to near the subterminal line; streaks formed by
black scales in discal told from before middle, on terminal parts of
subcostal and median nervures, in submedian fold, and on the
veins beyond the cell to well beyond middle ; a silvery subterminal
line to submedian fold with a fine rufous line before it and defined
on outer side by a narrow white band, somewhat dentate on costal
half and slightly angled outwards at vein 3 ; the termen pale yellow
with a series of minute black points before it to submedian fold
placed on a brown line interrupted at vein 3; cilia silvery at base,
white at tips. Hind wing glossy white, faintly tinged with red-
brown except on inner and terminal areas. Underside of fore wing
and costal half of hind wing suffused with red-brown except at
termen.

fab. Mapras, Belgaum (Watson), 3 S$ type. Exp. 24 mm.

(Se) Ancylolomia ophiralis, sp. n.

S$. Head and thorax rufous, the patagia with white stripe at middle
and black stripe above, the dorsum of thorax with some black ; abdo-
men white, the 2nd and 8rd segments dorsally fulvous ; pectus
whitish ; legs and ventral surface of abdomen pale rufous. Fore
wing golden cupreous, the medial part of costal area suffused with
white; silvery streaks above basal half of subcostal nervure, in
upper and lower parts of cell, above vein 1, and in the interspaces
beyond the cell to near the subterminal line; slight rather diffused
streaks formed by black scales through middle of cell, on terminal
parts of subcostal and median nervures, in terminal half of sub-
median fold, and on the veins beyond the cell to near the subterminal
line; the terminal area white with a silvery subterminal line with
slight rufous line before it, minutely dentate on costal half and

146 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

angled outwards at vein 3; a slightly waved brownish line just
before termen with some blackish points on it. Hind wing white
tinged with reddish brown except on basalarea. Underside of fore
wing and costal area of hind wing suffused with reddish brown
except at termen.

2. Head and thorax uniform rufous; fore wing with the medial
part of costal area only slightly paler, the markings less distinct.

Hab. S. Nieerta (Dudgeon), 1 3, 1 Q type. Hup., & 382,
© 36 mm.

(5 f) Ancylolomia atrifasciata, sp. n.

Head white with a red-brown streak; thorax ochreous rufous
with black stripes at sides of tegule and upper edge of patagia and
dorsum of thorax; abdomen white tinged with brownish ochreous,
the 2nd segment dorsally fulvous ; antennz and palpi fulvous, the
latter with some black scales at tips; pectus, legs, and ventral
surface of abdomen white suffused with rufous. Fore wing reddish
ochreous with a golden gloss, the costal edge white towards base
and the medial part of costal area suffused with whitish, a white
fascia below the cell to near extremity; silvery streaks below sub-
costal and above median nervure and streaks in the interspaces
beyond the cell to near the subterminal line; a streak formed by
black scales through middle of cell; a diffused black fascia on and
above vein 1 to below origin of vein 2 and a short fascia below
vein 2 below end of cell; a double pale red-brown subterminal line
filled in with white, oblique towards apex, then minutely dentate
to vein 8 where it is angled outwards; a series of black points
before termen placed on a slight brownish line; cilia silvery white
with a dark line at base. Hind wing white, tinged with red-brown
except on basal and inner areas. Underside of fore wing and costal
area of hind wing suffused with reddish brown.

Ab. 1. 2. Fore wing with black fascia in the cell and the fasciz
on vein | and below vein 2 stronger.

Hab. Br. E. Arrica, Nakutu (Bodeker), 2 3, 3 2 type.
Exp., 6 30, 9 40 mm.

(9a) Ancylolomia trrorata, sp. N.

3. Head and thorax whitish tinged with rufous and slightly
irrorated with red-brown; abdomen white, dorsally tinged with
rufous towards base; antennz with the branches brownish; pectus,
legs, and ventral surface of abdomen whitish suffused with rufous.
Fore wing white largely tinged with rufous and irrorated with
brown, the costal area with a golden gloss; traces of a dark streak
in the cell; a slight fuscous discoidal point, point below origin of
vein 2 and slight bar below end of cell; a series of black points
just before termen. Hind wing glossy white with a series of slight
dark terminal points to submedian fold. Underside of fore wing
and costal area of hind wing suffused with rufous.

Hab. 8. Nraerta, Lagos (Boag), 2 ¢ type. Hap. 22 mm.

Pyralide of the Subfamily Crambinee. 147
(9h) Ancylolomia holochrea, sp. n.

3. Head and thorax ochreous; abdomen, pectus, and_ legs
ochreous white. Fore wing ochreous, the costal area} tinged with
rufous, the rest of wing irrorated with red-brown, less strongly
below the cell on basal half; a terminal series of black points.
Hind wing nearly pure white.

Hab. 8S. Nrq@erta, Warri (Roth, Claydon), 1 3 type; N. Nti-
GertA, Zunguru (Simpson), 1 dg. Hxp. 22-24 mm.

Genus PRosMIXxIs.

Type.
Talis, Guen. Eur. Micr. Ind. Meth. p. 86 (1845), non deser.. quercella.
Prosmixis, Zell. Linn. Ent. i. p. 270 (1846) 2.0... cc. ccecee eee ees quercella.
Hednota, Meyr. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1886, p. 270................55 bifractella.
Aravates, Rag, Ann. Soc. Ent, Fr. (6) viii. p. 281 (1888)...... pulcherrima.

(7 a) Prosmixis radialis, sp. n.

3. Head and thorax whitish tinged with ochreous yellow, the
tegule at sides and patagia ochreous yellow; abdomen silvery white
tinged with ochreous; pectus white; legs ochreous yellow. Fore
wing ochreous yellow; a silvery white streak below costa from base
to near apex ; a silvery white streak on median nervure and streaks
on veins 5, 8, 2 defined above and below by some black-brown
scales; a silvery white line before termen from apex to vein 3;
cilia silvery white with a pale fulvous line near base. Hind wing
silvery white tinged with ochreous yellow, the cilia white with a
pale fulvous line near base. Underside tinged with ochreous
yellow, the costa more strongly.

Hab. W. Avusrratta, Waroona (Berthond), 1dtype. Exp.
30 mm.

(22) Prosmixis discilunalis, sp. n.

3. Head white, the antenne tinged with red-brown, the palpi
tinged with red-brown and irrorated with black, white above ;
thorax red-brown mixed with white; abdomen white tinged with
red-brown ; pectus and legs white tinged with red-brown. Fore
wing white suffused with red-brown and irrorated with a few black
scales especially in basal half of submedian fold, the inner and ter-
minal areas white; fraces of a sinuous whitish medial line from
subcostal nervure to inner margin; a minute white discoidal lunule
defined by some black scales; postmedial line double, brown filled
in with white, excurved below costal, then oblique, some darker
brown beyond it on costa; the termen red-brown with slight blackish
points at the interspaces; cilia with a fine brown line near base. Hind
wing white slightly tinged with red-brown, the termen deeper red-
brown ; cilia white with a pale red-brown line near base. Underside
of fore wing and costal area of hind wing suffused with red-brown,
the terminal area of fore wing whitish except towards tornus.

Hab. Victorta, Melbourne (Anderson), 1 3 type. Exp.22 mm,

148 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

(22d) Prosmixis plumbealis, sp. n.

3. Head rufous, the antennz dark brown, the palpi red-brown ;
thorax glossy red-brown; abdomen whitish suffused with red-
brown ; pectus and legs rufous. Fore wing whitish suffused with
reddish brown with a silvery leaden gloss and irrorated with black
scales; an indistinct diffused oblique white antemedial line; a
narrow white waved medial band defined on outer side by rufous
followed by some blackish, a small black spot on its inner side at
middle of cell and a small discoidal spot on its outer edge; a narrow
white subterminal band with slightly waved edges, defined on inner
side by rufous with some black scales before it except towards
inner margin, slight marks formed by black scales on its outer
edge at costa and below vein 6 with a rufous subapical patch be-
tween them, the band slightly incurved below costa and excurved
below vein 6; the termen white with some black points towards
apex and points below veins 4 and 2. Hind wing white tinged
with brown and with indistinct narrow white band before termen.
Underside white tinged with brown, the apical area of fore wing
whiter.

Hab. Masnonauann (Dobbie), 1 $ type. Exp. 20 mm.

(22e) Prosmixis albimaculalis, sp. n.

Q. Head and thorax rufous mixed with some white; abdomen
white suffused with rufous except at base of dorsum; antenne
blackish ringed with white; palpi brownish tinged with fuscous ;
pectus and legs white tinged with brown. Fore wing whitish
suffused with pale red-brown and sparsely irrorated with dark
brown; a diffused white fascia in basal part of submedian fold;
rather ill-defined spots in middle of cell and beyond its extremity
with a rufous patch between them and short black streak beyond
them ; ill-defined white spots in submedian interspace below middle
and end of cell with a rufous patch between them; postmedial line
white, excurved beyond the cell, then sinuous; a terminal series of
black points ; cilia silvery white with a brown line near base and
the tips tinged with brown. Hind wing white slightly tinged with
brown, the cilia pure white. Underside of fore wing and costal
area of hind wing tinged with red-brown.

Hab. Transvaat, Enkeld (Janse), 1 9 type. Hxp. 24 mm.

(23d) Prosmixis flavipars, sp. n.

3. Head and thorax black-brown, the outer part of patagia
red-brown ; abdomen whitish mixed with brown; antenne black ;
pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white mixed with red-
brown. Fore wing red-brown mixed with some blackish, the costal
area, the cell and area below it to just above vein 1 ochreous yellow
with some rufous irroration at costa; a series of slight black marks
in the interspaces just before termen; cilia dark brown mixed with

Pyralide of the Subfamily Crambine. 149

white. Hind wing white suffused with brown. Underside white
suffused with red-brown.

Hab. MasHonaLanD, Salisbury (Marshall), 2 5 type. Exp.
26-28 mm.

(23 e) Prosmixis albofascialis, sp. n.

3. Head and thorax whitish suffused with red-brown; abdomen
white tinged with red-brown, the 2nd segment with a dorsal rufous
band; antenne black; pectus and legs white tinged with red-brown.
Fore wing whitish suffused with red-brown ; a creamy white fascia
in submedian interspace to below end of cell with a rufous streak
below it on medial area ; some white in terminal half of cell with
some rufous scales on it at middle of cell and a rufous discoidal
bar; an indistinct whitish postmedial line, strongly excurved from
costa to vein 3, then incurved and with a rufous mark before it below
vein 2; some slight dark points on termen. Hind wing white
tinged with red-brown, the inner half of hind wing whiter.

Hab. Transvaat, Piet Reteif (Crawshay), 1 3 type. Exp.
30 mm.

(26a) Prosmixis molybdella, sp. n.

Head, thorax, and abdomen yellowish white suffused with pale
reddish brown ; head above and. Ist segment of abdomen whiter.
Fore wing ochreous white, the basal area with obscure fuscous
streaks in and below the cell and a dark brown streak above vein 1 ;
a medial brown line produced to very long points on eosta, in and
below the cell and to a shorter point on vein 1, the area beyond it
suffused with leaden grey except towards costa and with some white
in submedian fold; a double brown subterminal line filled in with
ochreous, strongly dentate inwards below costa then with dentitions
which increase in length to vein 2; the terminal area with some
white scales; slight brown points ona fine terminal ochreous line.
Hind wing yellowish white with a fuscous tinge; cilia pure white.

Hab. OrancE R. Cotony, Bloemfontein (Eckersley), 2 3,
Kronstadt (Hekersley), 3 3; Care Cotony, Annshaw (Miss F.
Barrett), 1 3 type, Grahamstown, 19. Exp. 26-30 mm.

(266) Prosmixis albiceps, sp. n.

@. Head white with a few pale brown scales; thorax and abdo-
men brown mixed with whitish; antenne tinged with brown ;
pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white tinged with
brown. Fore wing reddish brown mixed with grey-white; blackish
subbasal] streaks above and below vein 1; a dentate black medial
line strongly angled outwards at discal and submedian folds and
defined on inner side by white except towards costa; subterminal
line white defined on each side by blackish, dentate, angled inwards
at discal fold and above and below vein 8; a slightly waved dark
brown terminal line; cilia white with dark lines near base and

150 . Sir G. F. Hampson on new

tips. Hind wing white tinged with brown; cilia white slightly
tinged with brown at tips. Underside white suffused with brown
except on apical area of fore wing.

Hab. Carr Cotony, Capetown, Table M. (IMeade-Waldo), 19
type. Exp. 30 mm.

(26 ¢) Prosmixis argentescens, sp. 0.

Head and thorax bright red-brown mixed with some whitish ;
abdomen white tinged with red-brown, the 2nd segment with some
fulvous on dorsum; antenne black ringed with white; palpi white
at base and with some black at tips; pectus, legs, and ventral
surface of abdomen white tinged with red-brown. Fore wing
bright red-brown mixed with some silvery whitish and slightly
irrorated with black scales except on costal and terminal areas ;
a faint blackish streak in end of cell and obscure red-brown
discoidal spot defined by whitish; the veins beyond the cell with
slight blackish streaks ; a faint whitish subterminal line excurved
above and below middle; a series of black points before termen
from below costa to vein 2; cilia silvery white tinged with red-
brown. Hind wing white tinged with red-brown; cilia white
with a pale red-brown line near base. Underside white tinged with
red-brown.

Hab. Transvaat, Lydenburg, 1 ¢; Care Conony, Deelfontein
(Hoggett), 1 2 type, Annshaw (Mss F. Barrett),1 2. Exp.
28-32 mm.

(26d) Prosmixis albescens, sp. n.

@. Head and thorax white mixed with red-brown, the head
whiter ; abdomen white tinged with red-brown ; palpi suffused with
black except towards base; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of
abdomen white irrorated with red-brown. Fore wing white more
or less strongly mixed with red-brown and irrorated with black,
the costal area whiter ; a small rather diffused black discoidal spot ;
postmedial line indistinct, white defined on outer side by blackish,
angled outwards to near termen at vein 6, then oblique to below
vein 3, then bent inwards to vein 1 before middle and incurved to
inner margin. Hind wing white slightly tinged with red-brown,
the cilia almost pure white. Underside of fore wing white suffused
with red-brown, the terminal area whiter.

Hab. Br. EB. Arrica, Nairobi (Crawshay, Anderson), 2 2 type.
Exp. 34 mm.

Genus CONOTALIS, nov.
Type, C. awrantifascia.
Proboscis nearly fully developed; palpi downcurved, extending
about the length of head and thickly scaled; maxillary palpi

strongly dilated with scales; frons with rounded prominence ;
antenne of male typically strongly laminate. Fore wing with the

Pyralide of the Subfamily Crambine. 151

apex rounded, the termen evenly curved; veins 3 and 5 from near
angle of cell; 6 from below upper angle; 7 from angle; 8, 9
stalked ; 10, 11 from cell, 11 usually anastomosing with 12. Hind
wing with vein 3 from close to angle of cell; 4, 5 from angle ;
6 obsolescent from well below upper angle ; 8 slightly anastomosing
with 7.

In key differs from Prosmixis in the frons having a rounded
prominence.

Sect, I, Antenne of male with rather long uniseriate branches, the apex
ciliated.

(1) Conotalis nigrisquamalis, sp. n.

Head and thorax yellowish white tinged with rufous ; abdomen
yellowish white. Fore wing yellowish white with golden streaks '
in the interspaces irrorated with large black scales; an almost
straight erect bright orange line just before middle; cilia golden.
Hind wing white tinged with brown.

Hab. Transvaau (Ross, Janse), 1 35,1 9, Lydenburg, 1 g;
Narat, 2d; Care Cotony, Annshaw (Miss F. Barrett), 1 3
type. Hxp. 24-30 mm.

Sect. IIT, Antenne of male laminate.

(2) Conotalis aurantifascia.
Charltona awrantifascia, Hmpsn. P. Z.S. 1895, p. 970.
GAMBIA; SIERRA LEONE; Goup Coast; S. & N. Nigeria.

(3) Conotalis nigroradians.
Crambus nigroradians, Mab, Ann. Soc, Ent. Fr. 1899, p. 479.

Coneo; “ Gero. E. Arrica”; Br. C. Arrica.

Genus DIPLOPTALTS, nov.
Type, D. metallescens.

Proboscis aborted and slight; palpi downcurved, extending
about the length of the head and thickly scaled; maxillary palpi
strongly dilated with scales at extremity; frons smooth and
rounded; antenne of female ciliated. Fore wing with the
apex rounded; veins 3 and 5 from near angle of cell; 6 from
below upper angle; 7 from angle; 8, 9 stalked; 10, 11 from cell,
11 anastomosing with 12. Hind wing with vein 3 from just
before angle of cell; 4, 5 from angle; 6 obsolescent from below
upper angle; 8 anastomosing slightly with 7.

In key differs from Charltona in the fore wing having the apex
rounded, vein 11 anastomosing with 12.

152 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

Diploptalis metallescens, sp. n.

2. Head and thorax golden brown with a silvery gloss; abdo-
men white; pectus and legs white, the latter tinged with golden
brown. Fore wing metallic golden brown largely glossed with
greenish silver in the interspaces; a white fascia on costa, narrow-
ing to base and apex ; a white fascia in submedian fold to below
end of cell and a white fascia in discal fold beyond the cell, ex-
panding to termen; a slightly incurved golden line at end of cell,
arising just below costa; an ocellate postmedial mark between
veins 4 and 2 with two black pupils defined by chrome-yellow
streaks which are connected on inner side; cilia silvery white with
a golden tinge. Hind wing glossy white, the cilia silvery. Under-
side white, the fore wing with the cell and area just beyond its
upper extremity tinged with red-brown.

Hab. N. Nieerta, Ilorin (Macfie),1 2 type, Minna (Macfie),
192. Hp. 30 mm.

Genus C@NOTALIS, nov.

Type, C. distictalis.

Proboscis aborted and small; palpi downcurved, extending about
three times length of head and thickly scaled; maxillary palpi
strongly dilated with seales at extremity; frons rounded, with tuft
of scales above ; antennz of male laminate. Fore wing with the
apex produced and acute, the termen oblique; vein 3 from well
before angle of cell; 5 from above angle; 6 from below upper
angle; 7 from angle; 8, 9, 10 stalked; 11 anastomosing with 12.
Hind wing with vein 3 from well before angle of cell; 4, 5
stalked; 6 obsolescent from below upper angle; 8 anastomosing
with 7.

In key differs from Gadira in the fore wing having vein 10
stalked with 8, 9, and 11 anastomosing with 12.

Cenotalis distictalis, sp. n.

Head, thorax, and abdomen white tinged with rufous; palpi
white, irrorated with black-brown. Fore wing white tinged with
rufous and irrorated with dark brown; two obliquely placed black
discoidal points; an indistinct oblique brownish line from costa
before apex to vein 2 just beyond the cell; a fine black terminal
line; cilia with a fine dark line at middle. Hind wing glossy
white faintly tinged with ochreous. Underside white tinged with
rufous, the fore wing and costal area of hind wing more strongly.

Hab. N. Ntaerta, Borgu, Yelwa L. (Migeod),1 3,1 2 type.
Ezp., 3 22, 2 24 mm.

Genus PRIONOTALIS, nov.
Type, P. peracutella.
Proboscis small; palpi downcurved, about three times length of

head and fringed with hair below ; maxillary palpi strongly dilated
with scales; frons smooth and without tuft of hair; antenne of

Pyralidee of the Subfamily Crambine. 153

female almost simple. Fore wing very long and narrow, the costa
arched, the apex produced to an acute point, the termen very
oblique; the cell long; vein 3 from well before angle of cell; 4, 5
from angle ; 6 from well below upper angle; 7 from just below
the angle ; 8,9 stalked; 10, 11 from cell, 11 anastomosing with 12.
Hind wing with the cell long; vein 3 from well before angle of
cell; 4, 5 from angle; 6 from below upper angle; 7 slightly
anastomosing with 8.

In key differs from Charltona in the fore wing having the apex
produced and acute, vein I1 anastomosing with 12.

Prionotalis peracutella, sp. n.

2. Head and thorax whitish tinged with pale pink ; abdomen
white faintly tinged with red-brown; pectus, legs, and. ventral
surface of abdomen white faintly tinged with red-brown. Fore
wing whitish suffused with pale pink, the terminal half of costa
deeper pink; a small dark brown spot below the cell near base,
slight antemedial marks formed by dark scales below costa and
cell, a similar medial bar below costa, spots below the cell
and above vein 1, and spots in and beyond upper angle of cell; a
double curved postmedial series of slight dark spots on the veins;
a terminal series of black points; cilia dark brown mixed with
some whitish. Hind wing silvery white; the underside with the
costal area slightly tinged with ochreous.

Hab. Gorn Coast, Sekondi, 1 9; N, Nrerrta, Zungeru (Simp-
son), 1 2 type; Br. C. Arrica, Zomba (Rendall). Exp. 36 mm.

(6a) Charltona rufalis, sp. n.

3. Head and thorax whitish suffused with rufous; abdomen
golden brown; palpi and legs golden brown, the fore legs darker.
Fore wing brownish rufous mixed with whitish; a white streak in
base of cell continued along median nervure and on bases of veins
4, 3, defined by a dark brown streak below basal half of cell and a
dark streak above from middle of cell; an ill-defined white spot
at upper angle of cell and some diffused white above inner margin
before middle; short blackish streaks in the interspaces at termen ;
cilia with some whitish mixed. Hind wing dark glossy reddish
brown, the cilia paler with a fine whitish line at base. Underside
uniform dark glossy reddish. brown.

Q. Abdomen with the anal tuft fulvous yellow ; fore wing paler
rufous irrorated with elongate dark brown scales.

Hab. Mavras, Nilgiris, Ouchterlony Valley (Andrewes), 2 3,
3 9 type; Travancorg, Trivandrum (Fergusson),1 9. Ezp.,
3 40, 2 54mm.

(7a) Charltona endothermalis, sp. n,

¢. Head and thorax pale ochreous white mixed with red-brown;
abdomen pale ochreous tinged with red-brown except at base ; palpi
red-brown except above; legs suffused with red-brown. | Fore wing
ochreous white, the costal area slightly tinged with red-brown, the

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. iv. 12

154 Mr, O. Thomas on

inner area suffused with red-brown, sparsely irrorated with dark
brown scales, some of the scales forming a slight diffused obliquely
curved shade from discal fold beyond the cell to below middle of
cell; a terminal series of black points from apex to submedian fold.
Hind wing creamy white suffused with reddish brown except at
base and inner margin ; a slight brown terminal line to submedian
fold ; cilia creamy white. Underside creamy white tinged with
red-brown, the fore wing with obscure white discoidal bar.
Hab. Manras, Belgaum (Watson), 1 2 type. Exp. 44 mm.

(8a) Charltona interstitalis, sp. n.

2. Head golden yellow, the antenne black; thorax ochreous
white with dorsal black streak and oblique streak across base otf
patagia ; abdomen pale yellow, tinged with brown except at base ;
legs suffused with blackish. Fore wing ochreous white; a black
streak on costa; a black fascia in discal fold from before middle of
cell to termen, interrupted by a pale discoidal bar; a black fascia
in submedian fold from base to below end of cell; a black fascia on
inner margin from before middle to tornus; a subapical black spot
on termen; the terminal area with black fascize in the interspaces
from below vein 7 to above 2, the fascia below vein 5 short and
the one below 3 extending to below end of cell ; a small black spot
at submedian fold on termen. Hind wing yellowish white suffused
with reddish brown, the base, inner area, and a streak above median
nervure paler ; a terminal series of blackish points to submedian
fold; cilia pale. Underside yellowish white tinged with reddish
brown.

Hab. N.. Niarrta, Zungeru (Macfie), 1 2 type, Ilorin
(Lugard),1 2. Hap. 42 mm.

[To be continued. ]

XXIL.— Two new Fodents from Tartagal, Salta,
NV. Argentina. By OLDFIELD THOMAS. .

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

BEFORE obtaining the series from Abrapampa and Casabindo,
of which an account is given above, Sr. Budin tried collect-
ing at Tartagal, in the comparatively lowland part of the
Province of Salta. Conditions, however, were not very
suitable for the work, while a plague of ants rendered
trapping almost nugatory. Examples of the following species
were however obtained, among them being a new tuco-tuco
with the highly exceptional habit of living in thick forest
instead of open country :—

1. Hesperomys venustus, Thos.

?. 401. Tartagal, 600 m.
“‘ Caught in woods.” —Z. B.

Two new Rodents from Argentina. 155

2. Akodon tartareus, sp. n.

3. 399.
‘‘ Caught in aravine onriver-bank. Toes eaten by ants.”’—
B

A large vole-mouse of the vardus group.

Size very large, larger than in any of the genus except the
Brazilian A. arviculoides and its allies. Fur long, soft, and
fine, hairs of back 12-13 mm. in length. General colour
above greyish buffy ‘or clay-colour becoming more intense
posteriorly, the rump more ochraceous tawny. Under surface
slaty washed with pale pinkish cinnamon, not whitish as it
-is in varius. Chin with a white patch, as in other members
of this group, but it is not very conspicuous. Hands and
feet buffy whitish. Tail long, finely scaled, dark brown
above, dull buffy whitish below.

Skull larger than in A. varius. Nasals long, much pro-
jected behind. Supraorbital edges sharply angular, though
not beaded. Interparietal rather broad antero-posteriorly,
short transversely. Palatal foramina reaching to the level of
the front of the middle lamina of m!. Incisive angle 73°.

Dimensions of the type :—

Head and body 134 mm.; tail 94; hind foot 25;
ear 19.

Skull: greatest length 31°5 mm.; condylo-incisive length
29°23 zygomatic breadth 16°6; nasals 12; interorbital
breadth 5°2; breadth of brain-case 13°55; palatilar length
13°5 ; palatine foramina 7°2 ; upper molar series (worn) 4°6.

Hab, as above.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 19. 7.25.2. Original
number 399. Collected 30th November, 1918.

This fine Akodon may be distinguished from A. varius, its
nearest ally, by its larger size and by the buffy or cinnamon
wash on its under surface.

3. Ctenomys sylvanus, sp. n.

3. 395; 2. 396, 397, 398, 400, 402, 403.

‘In sparse colonies in the woods on vegetable soil.”’—

A very dark-coloured species allied to C. budini.

General colour above dull bistre-brown, very variable
according to the extent to which the slaty bases of the hairs
are hidden by their cinnamon-brown subterminal rings. In
addition, partly or wholly plumbeous specimens are in the
majority ; indeed, only one example, no. 397, is wholly free
from plumbeism, the type having a median blackish area on
the back. Under surface dark slaty washed with brownish

156 On Two new Rodents from Argentina.

cinnamon. Muzzle darker brown, but not definitely blackened.
Area round ears dark slaty. Hands thinly haired, whitish ;
feet almost naked, the few fine hairs white. . Tail practically
naked, its minute hairs brownish white. ;

Skull not distinguishable by any definite character from
that of C..budint. A separate bone present at the front of
the parietal in the only specimen in which this part has not
been broken. | Interpariétal distinct, but small. Palate
ending opposite the front edge of m?. Bulle about as in
budini.

Teeth as in budini, though the incisors may be slightly
more opisthodont (angle, 100°-103°).

Dimensions of the type :—

Head and body 200 mm.; tail: 73; hind foot 34;
ear 8.

Skull: upper median length 44°5 * mm. ; condylo-incisive
length 45*; gnathion to back of bulla 46°5*; zygomatic
breadth 27; nasals 16x 8-2; interorbital breadth 10°5 ;
palatilar. length 20; upper tooth-series (crowns) 10:3;
greatest diameter of p* 4°2. |

Lub. as above.

Type, Adult female. B.M. no. 19. 7.25.4. Original
number 396. Collected 20th November, 1918.

The remarkable note made by. Sr. Budin on the labels that
this species is found’in thick forest is confirmed by the
following extract from one of his letters (translation) :—“ In
spite of having been ill I have secured some. specimens of
Tuco-tuco which certainly will interest you very much, and
I believe are new. They are in general of a dark plumbeous
colour, and the largest measures 200 mm. in. length. I have
been surprised to find these animals in the thickest woods, as
I believed that Tuco-tucos only inhabited open country.
They are very rare, besides being exceedingly shy and diffi-
cult to trap, and it has given me great trouble to get this
small series.”’

In spite of this great difference in habits, which is as great
a surprise to me as it was to Sr. Budin, there is unexpectedly
little essential difference between C. sylvanus and C. budini,
the different colour and the more naked feet and tail being
practically the only distinguishing points, the skulls being
almost precisely similar. But as not one of the seven skulls
has escaped damage in the trapping, more perfect skulls may
in the future indicate some- cranial difference not now
perceptible.

* These measurements were taken before the skull was separated’ for
cleaning, it having been broken in half by the trap.

+ Paral published by TAYLOR & FRANCIS.

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XV. Notes on Platypodide and Scolytide collected by Mr. G. EK.

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XVI. On a curious Malformation in Tenia saginata. By H. A.

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XXII. Two new Rodents from Tartagal, gene 38 Argentina.
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XXIII.—Notes on the African and Asiatic Species of Melyris,
Fab. (sensu lato), with an Account of their Sexual
Characters. By G. C. Cuampion, F.Z.S.

TuIs paper is based upon astudy of the African and Asiatic
species of Melyris, Zygia, and Pseudozygia belonging to the
British Museum, the Hope Collection at Oxford, “the Genoa
Museum, and the Congo Museum at Tervueren, Belgium.
The collections together possess upwards of 1000 specimens
of these insects, representing not less than 80 species, 36 of
which are here described as new. Melyris, in the wide sense,
extends over the whole of Africa, and is abundantly repre-
sented in the vicinity of the Great Lakes, the British Museum
collection being particularly rich in material from thicse
places. Numerous peculiar forms, too, inhabit Somaliland,

Abyssinia, and the Cape Region. Eastward, in Arabia,

Mesopotamia, and Syria, and northward, in Algeria, Tunis,
and the Mediterranean Region, there are also a certain
number of representatives. The small northern forms allied
to M. granulata, ¥., are excluded from the present enumera-
tion, the available eerie adding nothing to the account of
them given by Schilsky in 1897. The types of three species
only were to be found in the British Museum—WM. nigra, F.,

and M, monticola and insularis,Gahan ; but amongst the ex-
tensive material kindly lent me by Dr. Gestro and M. Schou-
teden, there are many types or co-types of Reiche, Harold,

Gorham, and Pic, so that a certain number of the species of

these authors could be identified with certainty. The type
2

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol, iv. 13

seo

-_—.

158 Mr. G. C. Champion on the

of M. nigra, F., in the Banks collection at the British
Museum, is a South-African insect, which has been wrongly
identified by modern writers, mainly owing to Fabricius
subsequently referring another species (from ‘l'angier) to it.
Amongst the large number of forms here enumerated *, no
fewer than 18 are represented by females only in the material
before me, the males being as a rule very much rarer: of
one species, J/. incompleta, Fairm., upwards of 50 examples
have been examined, all females. The genera Melyris, type
M. viridis, F., from 8. Africa, Zygia, type Z. oblonga, F., from
Syria, and Pseudozygia, type P. rubricollis, Pic, are treated
as synonymous, no character of sufficient value having been
detected by which to separate them. Melyris,it is true, has
a peculiarly formed «deagus and long, loosely articulated
anutenne in g, and, if restricted to the forms possessing
these characters, it would include two species only, both
S. African. In that case the remainder, excluding those
with a non-carinate prothorax, would have to be placed
under Zygia, an arrangement followed by both Pic and
Schilsky. Pseudozygia is based upon Somaliland forms with
a very convex, red, non-carinate prothorax. M. granulata,¥.,
and its allies, included by Schilsky under J/elyris, require
a distinctive subgeneric or group name, and Melyridella is
here used for these insects, three of which are described in
the present paper. The American forms, all of small size,
placed under Melyris by Leconte, have unarmed tarsal claws,
non-costate elytra, &c., and they, again, require a separate
generic name. The tarsal claws (described as simple by
Lacordaire +) are toothed in all the Old World forms, the
tooth varying in length and position according to the species,
but no use can be made of this character in grouping the
very numerous members of the genus. ‘The sexes are easily
distinguished by the form of the terminal ventral segments
of the abdomen, which are described by Baudi and Schilsky.
In addition five Arabian or Kast-African species (including
M. klugi, Baudi) have the basal or second joint of the inter-
mediate, or the basal joint of the posterior, tarsi produced
into a spur or lobe in the males. The @ genital armature
has been examined in a number of forms, but no very
important differences have been detected in the general

* M.marginicollis, Ancey (?=collaris, Fairm.), olivacea, Guér.; steboldz,
Gredl., semzhirta, incostata, testaceipes, Fairm., limbata, Péring., rubripes,
Lue., sinaila, obseuritarsis, rubrolimbata, atriceps, femoralis, and taborensis,
Pic, rettert, Heyd., and longicollis, Schilsky, have not been found or
identified in the collections studied.

+ Gen. Coléopt. iy. p. 407 (1857).

African and Asiatic Species of Melyris. 15g

structure, except that the median lobe of the edeagus of the
S. African M. viridis and lavicornis is strongly toothed
towards the tip, the tooth being altogether absent in all the
other species dissected by myself. The females have the
fifth ventral segment truncate at the apex, and the sixth so
deeply sulcate down the middle as to appear cleft, this
terminal segmeit (and the corresponding dorsal one) being
almost invariably infuscate or black, even when the abdomén
is testaceous. The males have the fifth ventral segment
more or less hollowed or emarginate at the apex, the sixth
smoother, notched at the tip, and usually hollowed or foveate
on each side of the somewhat convex median portion, the
sixth sometimes rufescent when the rest of the ventral
surface of the abdomen is metallic or black. In some species
the abdomen differs in colour in the two sexes, the base,
apex, or median portion being infuscate in ? , when the rest
of the ventral surface is wholly testaceous in ¢. The
colour of the metasternum (pectus) and legs has been used
by various authors as a distinctive specific character in the
present genus, and on the whole it seems to be fairly
reliable.

In arranging the African Melyris it has been found
convenient to group them under various geographical areas,
notwithstanding the fact that some of the species of wider
distribution are not confined to the areas in question, there
being a mixture of Eastern and Western forms in Uganda,
Northern Rhodesia, and the Congo Region.

According to the notes attached to various specimens
captured by Dr. G. H. D. Carpenter, H.C. Dollman, and
other collectors, these insects are mainly found upon flowers,
especially of Acacia.

The material examined belongs to the British Museum
when the collector’s name only is quoted.

Key to the Arrangement of the Species of Melyris, sensu lato.

I. Prothoracic carinz present.
a. Antenne loosely articulated, long in ¢, joints 4-10
‘ triangular; prothoracic carinve abbreviated pos-
teriorly ; median lobe of ¢ edeagus armed with a
sharp, backwardly-directed triangular tooth towards
apex beneath. [S. Africa] [Mrtynis, F., s. str.] .. Nos. 1, 2.
b. Antenne shorter and broader (except in Nos. 20 and
43), strongly serrate or dentate ; median lobe of 3
edeagus without tooth *.

* So far as ascertained in the species dissected.

ban

160 Mr. G. C. Champion on the

a. Ventral segments 3-5 of ¢ without linear de-

pressed areas. [Africa, generally] ............ Nos. 3-71.
b'. Ventral segments 3-5 of ¢ with linear depressed

areas. [Palearctic and Asiatic] [Subgen. Zye@ra,

l PMA Aida aeus segs shod siete intwie reve Nos. 72-75.

Il. Prothoracie carine wanting, or, at most, indicated
near anterior margin,

a. Anterior margin of prothorax very prominent in the
middle in front, the prothorax itself convex or
gibbous: species larger and more robust, with the
elytra metallic and the prothorax and under surface
testaceous. [Somaliland] [Subgen. Psrupozyaia,

PaCd ete srememrenetcw nite Nee tte eur oe wise pete Nos. 76, 77.
b. Anterior margin of prothorax not or but little extended

in front, the prothorax itself moderately convex :
species smaller and more depressed, black or
metallic, exceptin WM. fulvipennis. | Africa,generally,
and Mediterannean Region*] [Subgen. MELyYRI-

DR UGAT a) eae ileonie ae ereiedee erate i eoco ta ten . Nos. 78-80.

Notr.—Species belonging to I, a, 6, and a’ (Nos. 1-71) are
tabulated under six geographical headings in the accom-
panying text: S. Africa (Nos. 1-15), W. and W. Central
Africa (Nos. 16-28), E. and E. Central Africa (Nos. 24-46),
Somaliland (Nos. 47-55), Abyssinia (Nos. 56-64), and
N. Africa, &c. (Nos. 65-71).

MEtyris,
Melyris, Fabricius, Syst. Ent. p. 58 (1775) (type M. viridis, F.).
Zygia, Fabricius, loc. ect. p. 126 (type Z. oblonga, F.).

Pseudozyyia, Pic, Aun. Mus. Genova, xxxix. p. 506 (1898) (type
P. rubricollis, Pic).

Section I.
South African Forms.

a, Antenne long and loosely articulated, at least in ¢.
BUEO ori h hie anocsine shots cdi tien ile sta erettote ae Nos. 1, 2.

1. Melyris viridis.

Melyris viridis, Fabr. Syst. Ent. p. 58 (1775); Oliv. Ent. ii. 21, p. 1,
t. 1. fig. 1; Guér. Icon. Régne Anim. p. 50; Fairm. Ann. Soc. Ent.
Fr. 1888, p. 174.

dg. Ventral segment 5 with a transverse arcuate ex-
cavation in the middle, broadly arcuate-emarginate at apex,
6 short, convex along the centre, angularly emarginate at
tip; median lobe of edeagus broad, subangularly dilated

* M. granulata, F.,and its N. African and Asiatic allies are not enume-
rated in this paper.

African and Asiatic Species of Melyris. 161

towards apex, rapidly, obliquely narrowed and excavate
ventrally thence to the pointed tip, the apical ventral portion
with a strongly raised, prominent median keel terminating
proximally in a backwardly-directed acute triangular tooth
(figs. la, 6) ; tegmen feebly emarginate and fringed with
long flavous hairs at tip.

a. b.
Melyris viridis, F., 3.

Hab. 8. anv S.W. Arrica (Mus, Oxon., Mus. Genoa),

Cape of Good Hope, Port Nolloth, and Damaraland (Mus.
Brit.), Owampo ( Schinz, sec. Fairmaire).
_ The British Museum possesses a long series of M. viridis
(3 2) from Cape Town, also four females from Port Nolloth
and two males from Damaraland. This insect, the type of
the genus Melyris, has the head small and rather elongate ;
the antennal joints 4-10 triangular, 6-10 transverse, strongly
so in 9 ; the tarsal claws feebly toothed at the middle (the
tooth being so small that it seems to have been overlooked
by Lacordaire) ; and the median lobe of the g edeagus
furnished with a strong backwardly-directed tooth. The
body is green, rarely blue, above and beneath, the legs
included, pubescent, and not very shining ; the head and pro-
thorax are closely, rather coarsely, umbilicate-punctate ; the
lateral carina of the prothorax is sinuate, abbreviated pos-
teriorly ; the elytra are feebly tricostate, the interspaces
with about five rows of crowded coalescent punctures ; and
the legs are more elongate than in M, abdominalis and its
allies. ‘Two males have been dissected.

2. Melyris laxicornis, sp. n.

Oblong-oval, rather dull, green or bluish-green, the elytra
and under surface sometimes neous or eneo-cupreous, the
antenne black with the basal joints more or less reddish ;
finely pubescent ; the head and prothorax densely punctulate

162 Mr. G. C. Champion on the

and reticulate. Head small, narrow; antennz (d) long,
the joints loosely articulate, 4-10 triangular, longer than
broad, gradually decreasing in length, (?) shorter, joints
6-10 broader than long. Prothorax transverse, explanate
laterally, the sides rounded posteriorly and rapidly converging
anteriorly, the lateral carina sinuate and not reaching the
base, the disc feebly convex and shallowly canaliculate.
Elytra wider than the prothorax, acuminate at tip; alu-
taceous, sharply tricostate, the interspaces with from 3-5
irregular rows of rather fine punctures, the lateral margins
somewhatexplanate, the inferior margin crenulate. Abdomen
closely punctured, without long hairs at tip. Legs long ;
tarsal claws with a small tooth at the middle.

d. Ventral segments 4 and 5 each with a deep, trans-
verse, arcuate excavation in the centre, that on 4 small, 5
broadly arcuate-emarginate at apex, 6 bi-impressed ; median
lobe of eedeagus stout, lanciform, armed with an acute trian-
gular tooth on the ventral aspect at some distance before
the tip (figs. 2a, 6).

Length 63-8, breadth 3-4mm. (¢ 2.)

ao

Fern,
ees Saas aN

nome ma OEE
SEBO race gare pe

a. b,
Melyris laxicornis, sp. n., 3.

Hab. S.W. Avrica, Namaqualand (C. H. B. Grant: 8 ¢),
Port Nolloth (ev coll. Fry: 3 2).

Ten specimens, a ¢ from Namaqualand taken as the type.
Closely related to the 8S. African MM. viridis, F., but much
smaller; the antenne elongated and loosely articulated, and
the median lobe of the edeagus differently shaped,in @ ; the
elytra sharply costate and more finely punctate. The colour
is variable. JA/. laxicornis cannot be identified with anv
of the Melyris from Caffraria described by Boheman. A
from each locality has been dissected.

African and Asiatic Species of Melyris. 163

6. Antenne shorter, strongly serrate.
a‘, Species small, black or metallic, above and beneath,
elytral margins red in M. rufomarginata,......... Nos. 3-13.
b'. Species larger and more robust, metallic above, the
legs in part and abdomen rufescent, the meta-
RECRUIT OOD Sy sa\ers a 14 ood wath coke mae ae naa Nos. 14, 15.

3. Melyris nigra.

Melyris uly Fabr. Spec. Ins. i. p. 67 (1781) +; Ent. Syst. 1. p. 226
(1792) 2; Syst. Eleuth.i. p. 311 (1801) *; Oliv. Ent. ii. 21, p. 5, t. 1.
figs. 3a, b! (nec M. nigra, Schilsky, Kaf. Europ. XXXly. no, ‘97, 1897).

Melyri is nigrita, Gory, in litt. (in Mus. Brit. and Mus. Oxon.).

Oblong, opaque above, moderately shining beneath, nigro-
piceous or black, the basal joints of the antenne slightly
rufescent ; thickly clothed with rather stiff blackish pub-
escence, which forms a conspicuous close fringe along the
margins of the body, the abdomen also with long black hairs
at the tip; the head and prothorax densely punctulate and
reticulate. Head short, rather broad, the eyes convex ;
antenne short. Prothorax transverse, arcuately narrowed
anteriorly, obsoletely canaliculate, the lateral carina feebly
sinuate. Elytra moderately long, at the base very little
broader than the prothorax, slightly widened posteriorly and
rounded at the apex ; sharply tricostate to near the tip, the
interspaces coarsely and regularly triseriate-punctate, the
inferior apical margin sharply crenulate. Beneath alu-
taceous, sparsely, minutely punctate. Legs slender ; tarsal
claws sharply toothed near the base.

3. Ventral segment 5 transversely excavate in the middle,
broadly emarginate at tip, 6 smoother, unimpressed, notched
at apex.

?. Ventral segment 6 deeply sulcate down the middle.

Length 4-53, breadth 2- 24mm. (¢ @.)

Hab. Soutn AFRICA, Cape of Good Hope (Mus. Grit.,
Mus. Oxon.), Table Mountain (W. Bevins: 3 ¢), Cape
Town (G. A. K. Marshall).

The type (2) of this species in the Banksian collection
(preserved in the British Museum) has been carefully
cleaned, and it proves to be a S. African insect (as is also
M. viridis, F.), which can be exactly matched in a series of
eight examples from the Cape. Fabricius in his earlier
papers ** gave no locality for M. nigra, but in 1801 he added
“Tanger,” obviously in error. Schilsky’s M. nigra=
granulata, F.

164 Mr. G. C, Champion on the

4. Melyris rufomarginata, sp. n.
Melyris rufomarginata, De}. Cat., 3rd edit. p. 125 (1836) *.

Moderately elongate, depressed, opaque ; piceous or nigro-
piceous, the outer margins of the elytra testaceous or rufo-
testaceous, the pallid coloration sometimes extending inward
over the humeral callosities and forward fora short distance
along the suture at the apex ; somewhat thickly clothed with
short, bristly, fusecous hairs, which form a conspicuous ciliate
margin along the sides of the body, the abdomen also with
a few long hairs at the tip ; the head and prothorax closely
punctulate and reticulate. Head small, short; antenne short,
the outer joints moderately widened. Prothorax strongly
transverse, arcuately narrowed anteriorly, canaliculate, the
lateral carina sharp and almost straight, reaching the base
at some distance from the hind angles, the margins finely
crenulate. Elytra moderately long, wider than the pro-
thorax; feebly tricostate, the interspaces rather finely tri-
or quadri-seriate-punctate, the lateral and apical margins
narrowly explanate, the inferior margin conspicuously crenu-
late. Legs short, rather slender ; tarsal claws comparatively
short, toothed near the base.

g. Ventral segment 5 broadly, feebly arcuate-emarginate,
6 almost smooth, notched at the tip.

9. Ventral segment 6 deeply suleate down the middle.

Length 33-5, breadth 14-24 mm. (¢ 2.)

Hab. S. Arnica (Mus. Brit., Dr. Andrew Smith), Grahams-
town, Cape of Good Hope '* (ex coll. Fry), Enon, Algoa Bay
(J. S. Duncan, 1835, in Mus. Oxon.).

Nine specimens, including one g. Apparently un-
described, though examples of it had been received by the
British Museum in 1844 and 1848. <A small, depressed,
opaque, nigro-piceous, hirsute insect, with pallid margins to
the elytra, closely related to the unicolorous MM. nigra, F.,
which has coarsely triseriate-punctate elytral interspaces and
sharper coste. JZ. limbata, Péringuey (1885), from Knysna,
Cape Colony, is a shining, metallic, convex form not repre-
sented in the collections before me.

5. Melyris pubescens.
? Melyris pubescens, Oliv. Ent. ii. 21, p. 5, t. 1. figs. 5a, 5b.

Moderately elongate, green or bluish-green, the tarsi and
antenne infuseate or black; dull above, more shining beneath,

African and Asiatic Species of Melyris. 165

* somewhat thickly clothed with adpressed whitish pubescence,
which is condensed into lines along the prothoracic and
elytral ridges, and also tends to form a ciliate posterior
margin to the ventral segments in each sex, the abdomen
also with long hairs at the tip; the head and prothorax
densely punctulate and reticulate. Head and antennz short.
Prothorax transverse, gradually, arcuately narrowed an-
teriorly, sulcate, the lateral carina almost straight, the
margins obsoletely crenulate. Elytra much wider than the
prothorax, moderately long, sharply tricostate, the interspaces
feebly transversely wrinkled and rather coarsely triseriate-
punctate. Legs slender ; tarsal claws toothed beyond the
middle.

g. Ventral segments 5 and 6 broadly arcuate-emarginate
at apex, 6 grooved down the middle.

Length 43-7, breadth 2-3 mm. (¢ ?.)

Hab. S. Arrica (Dr. Andrew Smith, in Mus, Brit.: 1844),
Cape of Good Hope (Mus. Brit., Mus. Ovon.), Enon, Algoa
Bay (J. S. Duncan, 1835, in Mus. Oxon.).

The above description is taken from four specimens (1 2,
3 ? 2) agreeing with Olivier’s figure ; those in the Oxford
Museum (? ¢) are more or less injured or discoloured,
The type was from the cabinet of M. Lee, no locality being
given for the insect. It is the only S. African form to which
the name pubescens could be satisfactorily applied. The
metallic colour and whitish vestiture separate the present
species from the nearly allied MZ. nigra, F. ‘The largest
female in the British Museum is labelled ciliatus, Oliv.

6. Melyris lineata.

Melyris lineatus, Fabr. Ent. Syst. i. p. 226 (1792)'; Boh. Ins. Caffr,
i. 2, p. 482 (1851) ? (nec Oliv. Ent. ii. 21, p. 7, t. 1. fig. 6 *).

? Melyris ciliatus, Oliv. Ent. ii. 26, p. 6, t. 2. figs. 11 a, 64; Dixey and
Longstaff, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1907, p. 8744.

«‘ Oblongo-ovata, convexa, viridi-aenea, parum nitida, fusco-sericea ;
antennis nigris basi ferrugineis; capite prothoraceque subtiliter
sat crebre reticulatis, hoc utrinque longitudinaliter carinato,
medio leviter canaliculato, basi truncato; elytris sexcostatis,
interstitiis profunde triseriatim punctatis, costis ante apicem
desinentibus.—Long. 5, lat. 2 millim.’”’ [ Boheman.

Hab. S. Arnica (Mus. Oxon.), Grahamstown (ez coll. Fry,
in Mus. Brit.), Buffalo River, E. London* (Dr. G. B. Longstaff,
in Mus. Oxon. : 28. ix. 1905) ; ‘‘ Caffraria meridionali”’* (sec,
Boheman).

* =Astylus (Anobium) lineatus, F., Syst. Ent. p. 62 (1775), from Brazil,

166 Mr. G. C. Champion on the

Nine females from S. Africa—four in the British Museum *

and five at Oxford—are probably referable to M. lineata.
Fabricius’ gave no locality for it, simply “ Dom. Lee” ;
and whether Boheman saw the type is doubtful, the last-
mentioned author redescribing M. lineata in his list of
Caffrarian beetles. It is highly improbable that both
M. ciliata and pubescens, Oliv., are synonymous with
M. lineata, as quoted in the ‘ Munich Catalogue’ ; the
crude figure of M. ciliata, however, agrees with the blue
form of the present species. The legs are rather slender
and the tarsal claws toothed slightly beyond the middle, as
in the allied S. African forms. ‘The insect from Cape Colony
named M. lineata, F., var. atriceps, by Pic (1900), which is
said to be rufo-testaceous above and darker beneath, with
the head black and the legs testaceous, can scarcely belong
here, unless it is represeuted by an extremely immature
example.

7. Melyris aurescens, sp. n.

&. Moderately elongate, convex, robust, shining, finely
pubescent; green, the elytra golden-green, the legs, labrum,
and antenne nigro-piceous; the abdomen fringed with long
black hairs at the tip; the head and prothorax densely
punctulate and finely reticulate. Head and antennz short.
Prothorax strongly transverse, as broad at the base as the
elytra, rounded at the sides, narrowed anteriorly, canali-
culate, the lateral carina not prominent and becoming
evanescent before the base. Elytra moderately long, sub-
parallel, sharply tricostate, the interspaces coarsely tri-
seriate-punctate, the inferior apical margin crevulate. Legs
stout ; tarsal claws with a long curved tooth at about the
middle. Ventral segment 5 emarginate, 6 short, smoother
than 5.

Length 54, breadth 2} mm.

Hab. S.E. Arnica, Londiani (ex coll. FE. A. Elliott).

Two males, recently presented to the Museum by
Mr. Elliott. These specimens were at first referred to
M. lineata, F., the ¢ of which is unknown to me; but
this cannot be the case, M. aurescens being more robust,
and having a relatively broader prothorax, with basally
evanescent carina, and more sharply toothed tarsal claws,

8. Melyris ciliativentris, sp. u.
? Melyris ciliatus, Oliv. Ent. ii. 21, p. 6, t. 2. figs. 11 a, 6.
Oblong, somewhat depressed, very finely pubescent, rather

os

African and Asiatic Species of Melyris. 167

‘dull above, more shining beneath, the abdomen fringed with
long blackish hairs at the tip; blue, bluish-green, or green, the
basal one or two joints of the antennas sometimes reddish
beneath, the rest of the antenne and the legs black, the femora
and tibiz with a greenish lustre; the head and prothorax
densely punctulate and reticulate. Head short, rather small ;
antennz short in both sexes. Prothorax transverse, canalicu-
late, the margins feebly crenulate and gradually arcuately con-
verging from near the base forward, the lateral carina running
almost parallel with the outer margin and reaching the base
at some distance from the obtuse hind angles. LHlytra
moderately long, shghtly dilated along the outer and apical
margins, which are finely crenulate beneath; sharply tri-
costate to near the tip, the interspaces coarsely, regularly
triseriate-punctate. Legs slender; tarsal claws moderately
long, toothed at about the middle.

&. Ventral segments 2—5 densely fringed with whitish
hairs along their apical margin, 5 transversely depressed
and almost bare in the middle, and slightly hollowed at the
apex; 6 broadly, very deeply emarginate, appearing bilobed ;
terminal dorsal segment (pygidium) deeply sulcate.

2. Ventral segments sparsely, uniformly pubescent, 6
eleft.

Length 4-5, breadth 1,%-2} mm. (¢ 9.)

Hab. 8S. Arrica, Table Mountain, Cape of Good Hope
(W., Bevins), Uitenhage (Mus. Oxon.).

The above description is taken from a series of seven
males and two females from Table Mountain, received by
the British Museum in 1906,a 2? from Uitenhage, and a
pair without locality in the Hope Museum at Oxford. The
last-named are labelled “dineata,’ and were purchased at
the sale of the Entomological Society’s collection. Olivier’s
type of M. ciliata is probably lost, and Boheman does not
allude to it in his description of the Fabrician lineata. The
present species is remarkable amongst its allies by the ciliate
ventral segments of the male.

9. Melyris capensis, sp. u.

Moderately elongate, rather depressed, opaque above,
somewhat shining beneath, green or bluish-green, the tarsi
and antenne black ; sparsely clothed with extremely fine
cinereous pubescence, which tends to form lines along the
faintly crenulate elytral coste, the abdomen fringed with
blackish hairs at the tip; the head and prothorax densely
punctulate and feebly reticulate. Head and antennee short.

168 Mr. G. C. Champion on the

Prothorax transverse, gradually, arcuately narrowed from
near the base, shallowly canaliculate, the lateral carina nearly
straight, the sides slightly expanded. Elytra moderately
long, at the base about as broad as the prothorax, widened
posteriorly, narrowly explanate at the sides and apex;
sharply tricostate, the interspaces alutaceous, and coarsely,
regularly triseriate-punctate, the inferior apical margin
crenulate. Legs slender; tarsal claws moderately long,
toothed at about the middle.

3. Ventral segments 5 and 6 broadly arcuate-emarginate
at the apex, 5 transversely excavate and 6 convex, in the
centre.

Length 43-53, breadth 1,9,-23 mm. (3 2.)

Hab. 8. Arrica, Cape af! Good Hope (Mus. Brit., Mus.
Oxon.).

Described from two specimens of each sex sent me many
years ago from the “ Cape” and an imperfect example in
the Oxford Museum. Near M. ciliativentris, the upper
surface opaque, the ¢ wanting the whitish cilia on the
ventral segments, the sixth not bifurcate. The more dis-
tinctly expanded elytral margins and the less convex general
shape separate WM. capensis from M. pubescens, lineata, etc.,
and the non-granulate prothorax from M. violacea.

10. Melyris violacea, sp. un.

? Melyris violacea, Sturm, in Gemm, and Harold's Cat. Col. vi.
p. 1719 (1869).

Elongate, rather depressed, brilliant blue or violaceous
above and beneath, the legs and antenne black, the joints
2 and 3 of latter rufescent in one specimen; thickly clothed
with short, curled, blackish hairs, which form a prominent
imbricate fringe along the sides of the prothorax, the
abdomen fringed with long black hairs at the tip. Head
small, densely punctulate and reticulate, the eyes convex ;
antenne short in ?, longer and more strongly serrate in ¢.
Prothorax broader than long, ample, arcuately narrowing
from the obtuse hind angles, obsoletely canaliculate, the
lateral carina feebly developed; angulato-reticulate and
conspicuously granulate. LElytra a little wider than the
base of the prothorax, elongate, parallel, narrowly explanate
at the sides and apex, rounded at the tip ; sharply tricostate,
the interspaces coarsely triseriate-punctate, the inferior
apical margin crenulate. Beneath closely punctulate. Legs
slender; tarsal claws moderately long, toothed at a little
beyond the middle.

Ajrican and Asiatie Species of Melyris. 169

do. Ventral segment 5 with a transverse arcuate exca-
vation in the middle, and also deeply arcuate-emarginate at
apex, 6 short, almost smooth, subcarinate down the centre,
notched at tip; tegmen fringed with a few rather long
pallid hairs; median lobe of edeagus gradually narrowed,
blunt at apex.

Length 5!-62, breadth 2}-24 mm. (¢ 2.)

Hab. 8. Arrica (Mus. Brit., Mus. Oxon.), Table Mountain,
Cape of Good Hope (W. Bevins).

Thirty specimens, including thirteen sent by Mr. Bevins
to the British Museum in 1906. Recognizable amongst its
S. African allies by the elongate shape, the brilliant blue or
violaceous colour, the rather coarsely granulate, angulato-
reticulate sculpture of the prothorax, and the explanate
elytral margins. This insect may or may not be referable to
M. violacea, Sturm, from the Cape of Good Hope, given
as a synonym of JZ. lineata, F., in the ‘Munich Catalogue’ ;
but the MS. name can quite well be used for it.

ll. Melyris letula, sp. n.

Moderately elongate, rather broad, somewhat depressed,
slightly shining above, brilliant beneath, somewhat thickly
clothed with adpressed yellowish pubescence; brassy or
golden, with faint greenish or cupreous tinges in certain
lights, the antenne and tarsi black; the abdomen fringed
with long blackish hairs at the tip ; the head and prothorax
densely punctulate and reticulate. Head and antenne
short. Prothorax transverse, arcuately narrowed from near
the base, suleate, the lateral carina almost straight, the
margins slightly expanded and obsoletely crenulate. Elytra
at the base slightly broader than the prothorax, widened
posteriorly, distinctly explanate at the sides and apex ;
sharply tricostate, the interspaces alutaceous, coarsely, regu-~
larly triseriate-punctate, the inferior margin crenulate.

og. Ventral segment 5 subtruncate at the apex, and
deeply transversely excavate in the middle; 6 very deeply
arcuate-emarginate, appearing bilobed.

Length 4-43, breadth 2-2} mm.

Hab. S. Arnica, Natal (Mus. Brit.).

One pair, acquired in 1840, the ¢ labelled ‘ /etula, n.sp.,
Natal.” This insect looks like a brassy variety of M. capensis
(M. sulcicollis, Boh., varying in this way in colour), but
differs from that insect in the longer pubescence, and the
more deeply emarginate sixth ventral segment in J,
M. letula in this respect approaching M. ciliativentris. f

170 Mr. G. C. Champion on the

12. Melyris natalensis.
Melyris natalensis, Boh. Ins, Caffr. i. 2, p. 480 (1851).

3. Ventral segments 5 and 6 as in M. sulcicollis, Boh.

Hab. S. Arrica, Natal (type of Boheman), Ulundi
Drakensburg (G. A. K. Marshall), Transvaal (Mus. Brit.),
Wakkerstroom, alt. 5700-6500 ft. (R. Crawshay).

About a dozen specimens in the British Museum from
the above-quoted localities seem to be referable to M. nata-
lensis, which is said to have the elytral interspaces somewhat
regularly triseriate-punctate, the puncturing being finer,
closer, and more irregular in M. sulcicollis and not so coarse
as in M. lineata. The general colour is blue or bluish green,
and the legs are dark. The length varies from 4-64 mm.

13. Melyris sulcicollis.

Melyris interstitialis, De}. Cat., 3rd edit. p. 125 (1836).

Melyris sulcicollis, Boh. Ins. Caffr. 1. 2, p. 482 (1851).

3. Ventral segment 5 broadly, shallowly, 6 deeply,
arcuate-emarginate.

Var. c, varipes, n.—Femora and tibiz partly or wholly
rufo-testaceous. [Transvaal. |

Hab. S. Arrica (Mus. Brit.), River Gariep (type of
Boheman), Port Natal, Delagoa Bay, Natal (Mus. Brit.),
Durban, Howick (J. P. Cregoe), Barberton (P. Rendall:
var. 6 of Boheman), Orange River Colony (G. E. H. B.
Hamilton), Transvaal (HH. Swale, A. Ross), Johannesburg
(A. J. Cholmley, Mus. Brit.), Zoutpansberg (W. L. Distant) ,
Pretoria (L. M. Bucknill).

A very variable and abundant insect in Natal and the
Transvaal, recognizable amongst the small allied S. African
forms by the closely, irregularly, finely punctate elytral
interspaces. The colour may be green or greenish-zneous
(type, Boh.), blue (var. a, Boh.), fusco-zeneous (var. , Boh.),
or cupreous, and: the femora and tibize are sometimes wholly
or in part testaceous (var. c, varipes). About eighty
specimens are contained in the collections before me, nearly
half of them belonging to the var. varipes, which is appa-
rently confined to the Transvaal; the var. 6. is represented
by 15 examples from Barberton, and the cupreous form by
two females from Delagoa Bay. The genital armature of the
red-legged form is similar to that of the black-legged type.
The puncturing of the elytral interspaces 1s much closer in
some examples than in others, specimens occurring that

African and Asiatic Species of Melyris. 1v%

would be equally well placed under M. natalensis, of the
same region,

14. Melyris rufiventris.
Melyris rufiventris, Boh. Ins. Caffr. i. f. 2, p. 479 (1851).

¢. Ventral segment 5 with a transverse arcuate exca-
vation in the middle, broadly arcuate-emarginate at tip,
6 bi-impressed and triangularly emarginate, as is also the
apex of the corresponding dorsal segment ; median lobe of
edeagus broad, pointed at tip.

Hab. S.anv8.E. Arrica (Mus. Brit.) , Salisbury (G. A. K.
Marshall), Bulawayo (Mus. Brit.), Zambesi (ex coll. Fry),
Limpopo (Wahlberg, sec. Boheman).

In the series of forty specimens of M. rufiventris before
me, mostly from Salisbury, there are several males. This
species has the abdomen (except at or below the base in
some females, the terminal dorsal and ventral segments
being always black in this sex), legs (the tips of the tarsi
excepted), and about the basal half of the antennez rufo-
testaceous ; the upper surface blue or bluish-green, thickly
pubescent ; the prothorax moderately convex, with obtuse
angles and a sharp lateral carina, the margins crenulate ;
the metasternum green ; the tarsal claws long, and armed
with a sharp tooth at about the middle; the tibiz fulvo-
pubescent. The length varies from 6-9 mm.

15. Melyris quinqueseriata, sp. n.

?. Elongate, broad, moderately shining, green, the
antennal joints 1-4 (except 1 in part), abdomen, femora
(except at tip), trochanters, and anterior and intermediate
coxze rufo-testaceous, the rest of the legs and antennz black,
the wings violaceous; above sparsely clothed with very
short, decumbent, fuscous pubescence, the lower surface
with longer hairs, those on the metasternum infuscate, the
abdomen also with a few long blackish hairs at tip. Head
short, rather broad, densely punctulate and reticulate ;
antenne short. Prothorax broader than long, trapezoidal,
the sides rounded anteriorly and sinuate behind, the hind
angles slightly extended outwards, the lateral carina sinuate
and reaching the base at some distance above the latter, the
base excavate on each side within the carina; densely punc-
tulate and rather coarsely reticulate. Hlytra long, much
wider than the prothorax, subparallel ; tricostate, the inter-
spaces with five rows of closely packed, moderately coarse

172 Mr. G. ©. Champion on the

punctures. Ventral segments closely, finely punctate,
5 slightly depressed in the centre. Tarsal claws long,
sharply toothed beyond the middle.

Length 12, breadth 5 mm.

Hab. 8.E. Arrica, Umfuli in 8S. Rhodesia (G. A. K.
Marshall: ix. 1895).

One female. Extremely like some of the examples of M.
pallidiventris, Pic, from Itigi, but with five series of closely
packed punctures on the intercostal spaces of the elytra.
The legs are similarly coloured in the two forms, the black
tibize separating both of them from M. incompleta. The
localities for M. pallidiventris and A. quinqueseriata are so
far distant that the insects from these places are scarcely
likely to be conspecific.

W. and W. Central African forms.

a. Elytral interspaces seriato-punctate *.
a’. Abdomen (except in No. 18) and legs red or partly red. Nos, 16-18.
b'. Abdomen (except at tip) and legs metallic or infuscate. No. 19.
c’. Abdomen metallic, femora testaceous; elytra very

coarsely punctured and antenne rather elongate .. No. 20.
b, Elytral interspaces transversely plicate; abdomen red

orired at Cipe 2A Wila Miicsiesies bos seca emis pemunent Nos, 21-28.

16. Melyris congoensis, sp. n.

Closely resembling M. pallidiventris, Pic (No. 34): ceeru-
leous, violaceous, or green, the antennal joints 1-4, legs (the
infuscate apices of the tarsi excepted), and abdomen (the
terminal segment of ¢? excepted) rufo-testaceous ; finely
pubescent above, clothed with long pallid hairs beneath, the
tip of the abdomen of ¢ fringed with long fulvous, and that of
? with black, hairs. Elytra a little more elongate, tricostate,
the interspaces with 4—5 rows of closely-packed punctures.

3d. Metasternum along each side of the median channel
and posterior trochanters thickly fulvo-villose ; ventral seg-
ments 5 and 6 and median lobe of the sdeagus much as in
M. pallidiventris.

. Length 103-13, breadth 41-5} mm. (¢ ?.)

Hab. W. Crunrrat Arrica, Congo region : Luluabourg,
Kasai, Hemptinne—St. Benoit (Mus. Congo Belge).

Three males and six females from the Belgian Congo,
differing in the above-mentioned particulars from M, pallidi-
ventris, require a distinctive name. ‘The long series of the
allied forms. before me show but little variation in the colour
of the tibiz, the latter being rufo-testaceous in the present

* Also transversely plicate in Nos. 17 and 19.

African and Asiatic Spectes of Melyris. 173

insect, as in M, rufiventris. The elytral sculpture is like
that of M. quingueseriata from 8S, Rhodesia. The red abdo-
men separates M. congoensis from M. nobilis, var. viridi-
ventris, Pic, which is found in the same region.

17. Melyris apicalis.
? Melyris apicatis, Harold, Mittheil. Miinch, ent. Ver. ii. p. 106 (1878).

“ Viridis vel cyaneo-viridis, pedibus et abdominis apice rufis.

L. 7:5-9°5 mm.”

Oblong, broad, convex, dull ; green or brassy green, the
flattened elytral interspaces obscure cupreous in one example
and the entire upper surface blue in another specimen ; the
antennz in about their basal half, trochanters, femora, tibiz,
and usually the outer and apical portions of the abdomen to
a variable extent in both sexes, rufescent, the tarsi and the
rest of the antenne infuscate or black ; fusco-pubescent
above, the lower surface with long pallid hairs, the tip of
the abdomen fringed with very long blackish hairs, the legs
also closely set with short, bristly, ‘blackish hairs s; the head
and prothorax densely, minutely ‘punctulate and feebly reti-
culate. Head small, narrow, somewhat produced in front;
antenne short. Prothorax strongly convex, transverse,
arcuately narrowing from the base, obsoletely canaliculate,
the hind angles obtuse, the lateral carina sharp and feebly
sinuate. Elytra wider than the prothorax, moderately elon-
gate; alutaceous, sharply tricostate, the interspaces irregu-
larly, transversely plicate, and with four or five rows of fine
punctures traceable between the ruge. Legs stout ; tarsal
claws with a long curved tooth at about the middle.

3. Ventral segment 5 transversely, arcuately depressed
in the centre, broadiy hollowed at apex, 6 bi-impressed,
emarginate at tip, as is also the corresponding dorsal seg-
ment; median lobe of edeagus broadly subtruncate at apex,
as seen in profile, shortly pointed, as seen from the ventral
aspect.

Length 7-104, breadth 31-43 mm. (¢ 2.)

Hab. W.anv W.Crnrrat Arrica: Inner Guinea, especially
near Kabebe (Pogye and Hohmeyer: type) ; Congo Region—
Stanley Falls and Pool (Mus. Oxon.: 3S 9 ), Kitobola,
Kisantu, Lemba (Mus. Conyo Belge); Angola—R. Alta
Plana, Huilla, alt. 8800-5500 ft. (Welwitsch, in Mus. Brit.),
Huilla (ex coll. Fry), Lepi, 380 kilom. from coast, alt.
3509 ft. (#. Robins).

Three specimens from the Stanley Falls or Pool, seven
from other portions of the Congo Region, and seventeen

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. iv. 14

174 Mr. G. C. Champion on the

from Angola, varying in size and colour, and including
various males, are referred to the incompletely described
M. apicalis, Marold, which is said to differ from M. rufi-
ventris, Boh., in the colour of the abdomen, the last-named
having the ventral segments wholly red in g and infuscate
at the base in 2. The present insect is broader and more
convex than Boheman’s species, the type of which was from
Limpopo ; the head is narrower in front and subrostrate ;
the prothorax is strongly convex (or even subgibbose) on
the disc and more finely sculptured, and has the margins
obsoletely crenulate ; the elytral interspaces are alutaceous,
transversely plicate (much as in M. nigripes, Harold), and
finely punctured ; and the tibiz are closely fusco-setose.
In one of the two females from the Stanley Falls the abdo-
men is wholly infuscate. The Kisantu specimen is labelled
M. apicalis, Harold, presumably named by Pic.

18. Melyris denticulata, sp. n.

9. Elongate, rather convex; the head and prothorax black,
opaque, the elytraand undersurface shining, nigro-violaceous,
the antennal jomts 1-4, and the coxe, femora, and tibie,
clear rufo-testaceous, the tarsi and the rest of the antenne
black ; fusco- pubescent, the femora and tibize with yellowish
hairs, the apex of the abdomen fringed with long blackish
hairs ; the head and prothorax deusely, minutely punctulate
and reticulate. Head rather small, somewhat elongated
basally, not produced im front ; antennze short, joints 5-10
somewhat loosely articulated, broadly, acutely triangular.
Prothorax convex, a little broader than long, arcnately
narrowing from near the base, feebly canaliculate, the lateral
carina slightly sinuate, the hind angles obtuse, the margins
finely denticulate. Elytra long, much broader than the
prothorax, widened posteriorly, rounded at the apex; feebly
tricostate, the broad interspaces with about five rows of
rather fine punctures, the inferior apical margin crenulate.
Ventral segment 5 excavate down the middle anteriorly.
Varsal claws sharply toothed beyond the middle.

Length 7}, breadth 3 mm.

Hab. W. Arxica, Mossamedes in Angola (Welwitsch in
Mus. Brit.).

One specimen received by the Museum in 1876 with
various examples of the insect here provisionally identified
as M. apicalis, Harold, {rom which it is readily distinguished
by the much narrower, black, opaque prothorax, with the
lateral margins denticulate ; the feebly tricostate elytra, with

African and Asiatic Species of Melyris. 175

quinqueseriate-punctate, less rugose interspaces ; the more
strongly serrate, loosely articulated joints of the antenne ;

and the rather slender, less setose legs. The present species
resembles the Abyssinian M. fulvipes, Reiche, differing from
it in the less closely articulated antennal joints, the denti-
culate margins of the prothorax, and the more closely and
finely punctured elytra, with the cost moderately prominent.

19. Melyris umbilicata, sp. n.

do. Hlongate, rather convex, shining, blue or green above,
the basal joints of the antenne and the apex of the abdomen
rufo-testaceous, the rest of the antenne and under surface,
and legs, nigro-piceous or black ; somewhat thickly clothed
with long, erect, blackish hairs, those along the outer
margins of the elytra stiff and setiform, the apex of the
abdomen fringed with a few long projecting hairs ; the head
and prothorax rather coarsely umbilicate-punctate. Head
short, rather broad, the eyes convex ; antennze short. Pro-
thorax transverse, convex, arcuately narrowed anteriorly,
shallowly sulecate, the hind angles obtuse, the lateral carina
sharp, angulate at about the middle, the m: argins con-
spicuously crenulate. Elytra wider than the Rother!
moderately long, subparallel ; narrowly and rather feebly
tricostate, the interspaces coarsely triseriate-punctate, and
also here and there transversel y plicate, the inferior margin
closely crenulate. Legs hairy ; tarsal claws moder ately
long, sharply toothed at about the middle. Ventral seg-
ment 5 arcuate-emarginate, without median depression,
6 somewhat convex along the middle, emarginate at tip ;
median lobe of edeagus broad, obliquely narrowed at apex
the triangular apical portion toothed on each side basally.

Leneth 5-53, breadth 2-21 mm.

ant W. Centrat Arrica, Zungeru (J. W. Scoti-Macfie :
xi. 1910: type), Bantschi-Lokoja (LZ. Af. Bucknill: 1908),
both in N. Nigeria.

Two males. This insect is of about the size of A/. parvula,
but it is more nearly related to the much larger M. nigripes,
Harold, from which it differs in having “the intercostal
spaces on the elytra coarsely triseriate- punctate. From
M. parvula the coarse sculpture, feebler elytral costz, and
the dark hairy legs sufficiently distinguish the present
species. The median lobe of the sedeagus is peculiariy

formed.
14*

176 Mr. G. GC. Champion on the

20. Melyris subcostata.
Zygia subcostata, Pic, Rey. Zool, Afric. iii. p. 159 (1913

g. Ventral segment 5 subtruncate at tip, 6 rufo-testa-
ceous, almost unimpressed, broadly shallowly arcuate-
emarginate.

Hab. W. Centra Arrica, Bukama in the Congo Region
(Dr. Bequaert, in Mus. Congo Belge).

M. Schouteden has lent me the type, ¢, of this species.
It has the elytra almost as coarsely punctate as in the
BK. African M. sansibarica, Harold, the elytra themselves
being more elongate in the present insect; the prothorax is
thickly nigro- village: and has a very feeie lateral carina ;
the antenn: (3) are longer and somewhat loosely articulate,
joint 3 being elongate and nearly as long as 4 and 5 united,
and 4-10 are triangular; and the abdomen is green. The
tarsal claws are very long and armed with a long tooth.
The peculiar antennal structure (suggestive of that of the
S. African M. viridis and M. laxicornis) appears to have
been overlooked by Pic, aud the sex of the specimens described
was not stated.

21. Melyris abdominalis.

Lagria abdominalis, Fabr. Mant. Ins, i. yf 93 (1787).

Melyris abdominalis, Oliv. Ent. ii. 21, p. 4, t. 1. fig. 7; Cast. Hist. Nat.
Ins. Coléopt. i p: 288,

Cryptocephalus (Lagria) ventralis, Gmelin, ed. Linn. i. 4, p. 1789.

3d. Ventral segment 5 broadly hollowed at apex : 5 rufes-
cent, almost smooth, deeply excavate on each side of the
convex median portion, triangularly emarginate at tip, as
is also the corresponding dorsal segment ; median lobe of
edeagus narrowed and somewhat pointed at tip; tegmen
set with extremely long pallid hairs at apex.

2. Ventral segment 6 cleft down the middle, black.

Hab. W.Anpd Cenrrat Arrica, Senegal, Cameroons, Lagos,
Nigeria, Gold Coast, Ashanti, Dahomey, &c.; Congo Region
— Bambili- Limbala, Sassa, Uele, Banzyville, Bili-Lebo
(Mus. Congo Belge) ; Ucanpa, N. shore of L. Salisbury, Mt.
Elgon (C. A. Wiggins, in Mus. Owon.), Mazingo, Pajao (Luz
Country | (C. S. Betton: 28.x. 1901: ¢).

A common species in the warmer parts of the West Coast
of Africa, extending eastwards into Uganda, females pre-
ponderating in the extensive series before me. A large,
elongate, convex, nigro-pilose form, usually brilliant metallic
blue or violaceous above, more rarely green, the legs black,

African and Asiatic Species of Melyris. 177

the abdomen rufous or testaceous, except at the base, the
sixth segment black in 9. The tarsal claws are armed with
a long tooth near the base. he lateral margins of the pro-
thorax and the inferior margins of the elytra are crenulate,
and the elytra themselves are coarsely, irregularly, traus-
versely plicate and tricostate. There are also specimens in
the British Museum labelled “C. Bon. Spei” and ‘ Mada-
gascar,” but no reliance can be placed on these localities.
The length varies from 10-13 mm, ‘Two males have been
dissected. Olivier’s description appears to have been made
from specimens in the British Museum, and, following
Fabricius, he gives ‘‘ Ind. Or.” as the habitat.

"22. Melyris elongata.
Zygia elongata, Pic, Le Naturaliste, 1897, p. 124.

¢. Antennal joints 5-10 each with a Jong, and 4 with a
shorter, pilose ramus ; ventral segment 5 broadly hollowed
at apex, 6 testaceous, convex in the middle and hollowed on
each side of this, emarginate at tip.

?. Antennal joints 4-10 strongly dentate ; ventral seg-
ment 6 black, cleft.

Hab. W. Arnica, Benué on the Niger (type of Pic),
Gambia (Mus. Oxon.: & 2).

Several specimens in the Oxford Museum are referred to
this species, both sexes of which would appear to have been
seen by Pic (to judge from his description of the variation
in colour of the apex of the abdomen). The antenne might
be described as flabellate or ramose in ¢ and broadly dentate
in 2. The Gambia examples are extremely like the variable
M. nigripes, and they have a similar transverse plication of
the elytral interspaces; but the elytra are relatively narrower,
the prothorax is strongly transverse, conspicuously sulcate,
and coarsely umbilicate-punctate. The colour varies from
violaceous to bluish green.

23. Melyris bequaerti.
Zygia bequaerti, Pic, Rev. Zool. Afric. 11, p. 158 (1913),

Hab. W. anv Cenrrat Arrica, Kikandja, Sankisia,
Belgian Congo (Dr. Bequaert: type), Lualaba River, alt.
2500-4000 ft., and Kambove, Katanga, alt. 4000-5000 ft.
(oaeseeNeave: iv., v., L907).

A form of the variable M. nigripes, Harold, with the basal
joints of the antennz, the femora, and tibiz, and sometimes
the tarsi also, and the abdomen in part or entirely,

178 Mr. G. C. Champion on the

rufo-testaccous. About forty specimens (the sexes in almost
equal numbers) were captured at Lualaba, and three others
at Kambove, by Neave, the black-legged typical M. nigripes
occurring sparingly with them at the same localities. The
two insects have a similar genital armature. For convenience
of reference, they are perhaps best treated as specifically
distinct. One of the examples (2) from Kikandja named by
Pic has been lent me by M. Schouteden for examination.

E. and E, Central African Forms *.

a. Elytral interspaces transversely plicate ; abdomen usually

in part red, at least in ¢', legs black t.........-.... Nos. 24, 25.
b, Elytral interspaces foveolate or very coarsely confluently
punctate. ,
a. Metasternum metallic femora and abdomen tes-
PACECOUS asain cto e otate Pe are ae bearer No. 26.

6'. Metasternum, femora, and abdomen testaceous .... No. 27.
cl. Metasternum, legs, and abdomen nigro-czeruleous or

Dlaclowa..camiomioeiialet wieesenh chante jis case BONO eS
ce. Hlytral interspaces seriately punctured ; metasternum
metallic.
d', Femora testaceous, the rest of the legs metallic or
black.
a’, Abdomen metallic. ves aeattee ie» asia rane Nos, 29-838.
6. Abdomen testaceous........... Teh os wea No, 34.
e', Femora and tibiwe, and sometimes the tarsi also,
testaceous.
e?, Abdomen wholly or in part testaceous .......... Nos. 35, 36.
a’. Abdomen metallic: (i027 scapes ans sino eet oe Nos, 37-48.
fi. Femora, tibiz, tarsi, and under surface metallic or ,
black; elytra triseriate-punctate and, at most, feebly
POULCEILS foFz ovoct Wits ne hohe ee “anotn: SoennareM ene ROTE Maar anor ... Nos. 44-46.

24. Melyris nigripes.

Melyris nigripes, Harold, Stett. ent. Zeit. 1879, p. 335°.

Zygia viridipennis, Pic, Le Naturaliste, 1897, p. 124”.

P Zygia subapicalis, Pic, L’ change, xix. p. 179 (i903) °.

3g. Ventral segment 5 with a tra::sverse arcuate depression
in the middle, feebly hollowed at apex, 6 almost level,
angularly emarginate ; median lobe of wdeagus drawn out
into a short curved point, obliquely truncate at tip as seen
in profile.

Var. Head and prothorax blue or green, tle elytra brassy
or cupreous, the terminal three or four ventral segments

* Including Northern Rhodesia, but excludiug the forms confined to
Somaliland and Sokotra. Sixteen species were enumerated from KE. Africa
(including Somaliland) by Kolbe in 1898 (Deutsch Ost-Afrika, iv.
pp. 221, 222),

t+ The K. African WM. nobilis, Gerst., and M, nigripes, Harold, extend
westward to the Congo Region.

African and Asiatic Species of Melyris. 179

in ¢, and 4and 5 in ?, rufo-testaceous, as in typical MZ.
niyripes. [Kukuru River, Nyasaland, and I't. Jameson,
N.E. Rhodesia. }

Hab. Ki. ann CEentrAL Arrica*, Nyasa’ (Mus. Brit.,
Thelwall, Simons), Blantyre (Dr. J. EL. S. Old, Dr. J. B.
Davey), Fort Johnston (Dr. W. A. Lamborn), Mombera
District end Valley of S. Rukuru River, alt. 3000-4000 ft.
(S.A. Neave: vi. 1910), between Ft. Mangoche and Chikala
Boma, alt. 4000 ft. (S. A. Neave: iii. 1910), Mamboia (Mus.
Brit.), Tabora’® (G. Revoil, ex coll. Fry), Lualaba River, alt.
2500-4000 ft., and Kambove, Katanga, alt. 4000-5000 ft.
(S. A. Neave: ii. and vi. 1909); Belgian Congo—Boma-
Coquilhatville, Kasenga, Le Marinel, Shindensa (Mus. Congo
Belge); Central and 8S. Angoniland—Dedza District, alt.
4000-5000 ft. (S. A. Neave: v. 1910), Tete to Ft. Jameson
(S. A. Neave: 10. 111. 1904) ; N. Rhodesia—Fort Jameson
to Lundazi, alt. 4000 ft., and Luwumbu Valley, Upper
Luangwe, alt. 2500-3500 ft. (S. dA. Neave: vi., vii. 1910),
Petauke to EH. Luangwe Valley (S. 4. Neave: i, iv. 1903:
Mus. Oxon.), Broken Hill (7. A. Copeman: xi. 1912—ii.
1913), Namaiila near Namwala, and Mwengwa (H. C. Doll-
man: 11. iv. 1918, and 1.11, 1914).

To judge from the large amount of material before me
(300-400 specimens), this is by far the commonest species
of the genus in Central Africa. It is recognizable by its
elongate shape; the rather sparsely, transversely plicate,
rugulose, strongly tricostate elytra, the inferior margins of
which are crenulate; the moderately convex, transverse
prothorax, with strongly crenulate margins ; and the black
hairy legs. The colour of the abdomen is variable, the last
three ventral segments being rufescent in typical ¢ nigripes,
specimens of each sex occurring with the terminal segments
wholly or in part metallic or black, the sixth veutral segment
being invariably black in 2. Fresh examples are somewhat
thickly clothed with long, erect, blackish hairs, which are
easily abraded. In some parts of Nyasaland the form with
brassy or coppery elytra is dominant; most of those from
the Mombera District are uniformly green, while others
from Fort Johnston and Blantyre are violaceous or blue, as
in specimens labelled type, from Nyasa in the Genoa Museum.
The tarsal claws have along tooth at about the middle. ‘The
length varies from 5-10 mm, Two males, from Mombera
and Katanga, dissected show a similar genital armature to
that of M. bequaerti and M. lemairei, Pic. The Central
African M. viridipennis, a specimen of which from the Congo
named by its describer has been lent me by M. Schouteden,

180 Mr. G. C. Champion on the

has a metallic or infuscate abdomen, with the sixth segment
only red in g. M. subapicalis, Pic, type from Tabora, is
said to have the fourth and fifth ventral segments red and
the sixth black, characters peculiar to the female of J.
nigripes. The range of the present species is roughly from
the Great Lakes westward to near the mouth of the Congo.

25. Melyris lemairet.
Zygia lemairet, Pic, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. lii. p, 311 (1908).

Elongate, robust, convex, moderately shining, metallic blue
or green, the head and prothorax sometimes brassy in the
green specimens ; legs and antenne black, joints 1-3 of the
latter (except 1 above) rufo-testaceous ; abdomen with from
1-3 of the terminal segments wholly or in part rufous in ¢,
the reddish coloration less extended or sometimes altogether
wanting in ¢, 6 always black in latter sex; somewhat
thickly clothed with erect black hairs, the abdomen fringed
with long black hairs at the tip, the legs also closely nigro-
pilose ; the head and prothorax densely punctulate and
reticulate. Head short, rather broad ; antenne short.
Prothorax transverse, convex, gibbous in well-developed
specimens, arcuately narrow ing from the obtuse hind angles,
feebly canaliculate, the lateral carina angulate, the margins
sharply crenulate. Elytra a little wider than the prothorax,
subparallel; sharply tricostate, the interspaccs closely,
irregularly angulato-plicate, and with 8-5 rows of fine
punctures traceable between the rugz, the inferior margin
crenulate throughout. Beneath closely punctulate. Legs
rather stout, roughly punctured,

3. Ventral segment 5 with a deep transverse arcuate ex-
cavation, subtruncate at apex, 6 hollowed down the middle
and transversely so on each side posteriorly, triangularly
emarginate at tip ; median lobe of edeagus much as in
M. migripes.

Jength 8-104, breadth 33-4 mm. (3 2.)

Hab, Cuntrar and KE. Arrica, Tanganyika and Mayambé

(/ypes of Pic), Fwambo, Lake Tanganyika (A. Carson: 8 $ ),
Kambove, hidarees alt. 4000-5000. ft. (S. A, Neave: i.
1907: ¢), Mw enzwa in N. Rhodesia (H.C. Dollman : i1.-v.
1914: ¢ 3), Kamfua (S. Neave, in Mus. Congo Belge),
Hlizabethville in the Congo region (Mus. CongoeBelge: $3).

This is a broad robust form of the variable M. nigripes,
with closer and more irregular plication on the elytral inter-
spaces, and the prothorax usually more convex, sometimes
gibbous. One of the types (?) from Tanganyika has been

African and Asiatic Species of Melyris. 181

lent me by M. Schouteden, and the above description has
been taken from similar specimens from Fwambo and
Mwengwa, those from Katanga and Kamfua being inter-
mediate. The three forms of M. nigripes (nigripes, lemairei,
and bequaerti) are imperfectly segregated in Katanga, while
in Northern Rhodesia M. lemairet and M. nigripes seem to
be constant. M. sieboldi, Gredl. (1877), type from Gondo-
koro, a species not identified by Pic or myself, is apparently
an allied insect with the head reddish in front.

26. Melyris sansibarica.
Melyris sansibarica, Harold, Stett. ent. Zeit. 1879, p, 384,

3. Ventral segment 5 excavate down the middle, broadly
arcuate-emarginate at apex, 6 polished, deeply bifoveate,
angularly emarginate at tip.

?. Ventral segment 5 unimpressed, 6 cleft, black.

Hab. %. Arnica, Zanzibar, Kitui (Mus. Genoa).

Dr. Gestro has lent me a pair of this remarkable insect,
distinguishable by its robust build, moderately elongate,
broad form, and the brilliant blue (or green) upper surface ;
the elytra closely foveolato-punctate, and with the cost only
just traceable; the femora (except at the tip) and abdomen
(the terminal segment in 2 excepted), and the antennal
joints 2-4, rufo-testaceous ; the metasternum bluish-black ;
the tibiz and tarsi black, the claws long, toothed towards the
apex; the abdomen fringed with long blackish hairs at
the tip in both sexes. M. subcostata, Pic (1913), from the
Belgian Congo, is a more elongate allied form, with the
ventral segments metallic,

27. Melyris flavopectus, sp. n.

3. Hlongate, broad, rather convex, sparsely pubescent,
brilliant violaceous above, testaceous beneath (the propleura
excepted); the basal four joints of the antenne, and the
femora to near the apex, also testaceous, the rest of these
organs infuscate or black, the anterior tibiz paler towards
the tip; the head and prothorax coarsely, closely umbilicate-
punctate. Head rather small, short; antenne short; pro-
thorax convex, transversely subcampanulate, sulcate, the
lateral carina sinuate aud extending to the prominent hind
angles. Elytra much wider than the prothorax, long ;
coarsely, confluently seriato-foveolate, the three costz almost
_ obsolete, but traceable when the insect is viewed in profile.
‘Tarsal claws long, toothed near the apex. Ventral segments

182 Mr. G. ©. Champion on the

4 and 5 hollowed down the middle, 5 broadly arcuate-
emarginate at apex; 6 bifoveolate, convex in the centre,
emarginate at tip; median lobe of edeagus (so far as
visible) stout, pointed. Last dorsal segment fringed with
long blackish hairs.

Length 114, breadth 43 mm.

Hab. BB. Arrica, Sancurar-Amarr (Bottego, in Mus,
Genoa: 11. iv. 1896).

One male, named M. sansibarica, Harold, by Pic, but
differing from the corresponding sex of that species in the
wholly testaceous under surface (the propleura excepted),
the more elongate elytra, and the coarser puncturing of the
entire upper surface. In Harold’s species, type from Kitui,
Zanzibar, the metasternum is black.

28. Melyris foveolata, sp. n.

Elongate, robust, convex, moderately shining; mgro-
cyaneous or violaceous, sometimes greenish beneath, the
antenne (the rufescent joints 1-4 excepted) and legs black ;

thickly clothed with short, decumbent, the apex of the
abdomen with long, black hairs ; the head and prothorax
densely punctulate and reticulate. ” Head short, rather broad ;
antennee short. Prothorax a little broader fia long, sub-
conical, gradually narrowed from the base, canaliculate, the
lateral carina sinuate, reaching the obtuscly rectangular
hind angles. Elytra long, much broader than the protho aX,
a little widened posteriorly, rounded at the apex ; not or
very feebly tricostate (the costa just traceable when the insect
is viewed in profile), the interspaces closely, confluently,
tri- or quadriseriately foveolato-punctate, the inferior
apical margin crenulate. Ventral segments 1—5 closely pune-
tulate. Tarsal claws long, sharply toothed towards apex.

g. Ventral segment 5 rather deeply emarginate, 6 broadly
exposed, excavate on each side of the raised median portion ;
median lobe of wdeagus stout, terminating in a short curved
point, as seen in profile.

Length 10-123, breadth 4-6mm. (¢ ?.)

Hab. E. anp Centrat Arrica, Mbali-Kumi road, alt.
3700 ft., south of L. Salisbury (S. A. Neave: 15-17. vii. 1911:
type ¢); Kadunguru, Eastern Province (C. C. Gowdey:
1-10. 1. 1914), Kagwara (Gowdey: 17. xii. 1918), Butulu
and Peta (Gowdey: xii. 1910 andi. 1911), Palebek (W. P.
Lowe: 24. ti. 1913), and Fatiko (4. Dabbene in Mus. Genoa:
3 ¢), allin Uganda; Wadelai (Amin Pasha).

Fifteen specimens in the British Museum and sixteen in

African and Asiatic Species of Melyris. 183

the Genoa Museum, the Fatiko series including numerous
males. The Wadelai example (?) was preseuted to the
Museum in 1887, those taken by Dabbene were captured in
1882. This species has the elytra closely foveolato-punctate
and obsoletely costate as in MM. sansibarica, Harold, type
from Kitui, near Zanzibar (a ¢ and ? of which have been
lent me by Dr. Gestro), differing from that insect in the wholly
infuscate legs and under surface, and the narrower, sub-
conical prothorax. M. subcostata, Pic (1913), from Bukama,
Belgian Congo, is an allied form with the cox, femora, and
abdomen testaceous.

29. Melyris alluaudi.

Zygia alluaudi, Pic, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1905, p. 805°,
Melyris monticola, Gahan, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. xix. p. 204, t. 6.
fix. 6 (1909) (9) *

g. Ventral segment 5 with a transverse arcuate excava-
tion in the middle and the apex deeply arcuate-emarginate,
6 much smoother, feebly bi-impressed at tip; median lobe of
eedeagus curved downward and bluntly poited at apex.

9. Ventral segment 5 with a transverse depression or
excavation in the middle, 6 cleft.

Length 9-125, breadth 3$-5 mm.

Hab. B. Arnica, Kilimandjaro* (lype of Pic), Ruwenzori*
(Legge and Wollaston: 1906), M’bagoris Village, edge of
Kenya Forest, alt. 5.00 ft. (Mus. Brit.), S.E. slope of Kenya,
alt. 6000-7000 ft. (S. A. Neave: 3-12. 11. 1911), Mt. Kenya
district? (Crawshay\, Matanda and Kagera in Uganda, and
Ruanda (C. H. Marshall).

Dr. Gestro has been kind enough to lend me a co-type (3 )
of M. alluaudi, Pic, from Kilimandjaro, and this agrees well
with the Kenya and Ruwenzori insect named M. monticola
by Gahan, of which there are eleven examples in all (inelud-
ing three males) in the British Museum. Very like M. nobilis,
Gerst., but with the tibie green, the basal joint of the
antennee infuscate or black, the hind angles of the prothorax
more obtuse (the sinuous lateral carina extending to the
hind angle in each species), the punctures on the elytra
a little smaller and more crowded, tending to form four or
five series, the ventral segments green or golden green, the
fifth transversely excavate in the middle in both sexes. The
head is short, closely punctulate and reticulate throughout,
and the reticulation of the prethorax is rather coarse. The
colour varies from blue to green. M. mecklenburgi, Pic,
from the same region, is a nearly allied form.

Mr. G. C. Champion on the

—
(oe)
rs

30. Melyris mecklenburgi.
? Zygia mecklenburgi, Pic, Wiss. Ergebnisse Deutsch, Zentr. Afrika
Exped. 1907-08, iii. Lfg. 11, p. 423 (1911).

Elongate, subparallel, narrow (¢ ), broader (? ); the upper
surface shining, green or bluish-green. The head, prothorax
(at least along the sides), and scutellum more or less suffused
with golden, golden-green, or cupreous, the lower surface
brilliant golden, golden-green, or cupreous, the ventral
segments 1-5 with an extensive cyaneous suffusion, and 6
green and cupreous, in ¢; the antennee (the reddish portions
of joints 1-4 excepted) and tarsi black, the tibiz metallic
green, the femora (execpt at the tip), trochanters, and
anterior coxe testaceous, the wings blue; almost glabrous
above, the abdomen with long blackish hairs at the tip.
Head rather narrow, somewhat produced anteriorly, aluta-
ceous, densely punctulate and reticulate at the base, smoother
in front; antenne short. Prothorax broader than long,
somewhat conical (as seen from above) ; densely punctulate
and finely reticulate, grooved down the middle, the lateral
carina sharp, moderately sinuate, and reaching the somewhat
explanate, raised, rounded hind angles, the basal cavities
almost smooth, Elytra long, parallel, much wider than the
prothorax; sharply tricostate, the interspaces irregularly,
transversely plicate, aud with about four rows of not very
coarse punctures. Beneath finely punctured; ventral seg-
ment 5 depressed in the centre. Tarsal claws long, toothed
beyond the middle.

gd. Ventral segment 5 with a transverse arcuate exca-
vation in the middle, deeply emarginate at apex, 6 almost
smooth, feebly bi-impressed at tip; median lobe of sdeagus
drawn out into a blunt, downwardly curved point at apex.

Length 94-10, breadth 33-4mm. (¢ .)

Hab. ¥.. Arvrica, Lake and Volcano of Kiwu, west of
Ruwenzori (type of Pic), eastern foot of Aberdare, alt.
8300 ft. (S. A. Neave: 1, 2. iti. 1911: 2), west slopes of
Kenya on Meru-Nyeri Road, alt. 6000-8500 ft. (S. d. Neave:
16-23. ii. J911: ¢), Escarpment Forest (7. J. Anderson:
Jeans VODs}:

The four specimens from which the above description is
taken seem to be varieties of M. mecklenburgi, Pic, with the
prothorax more or less golden, at least at the sides, and the
under surface very brilliant, especially i g 3 but Pic does
not mention the somewhat produced, smoother anterior
portion of the head. Compared with his M/. alluaudi (=mon-
ticola, Gahan), the prothorax is more rapidly narrowed

African and Asiatic Species of Melyris. 185

anteriorly, with the hind angles rounded and somewhat
raised, and the surface sculpture finer, and the head longer
and smoother.

31. Melyris masaiensis, sp. n.

?. Elongate, subparallel, the upper surface opaque, ceru-
leous, the lower surface brilliant metallic green; the
antennze (except the rufescent portions of joints 1-4) and
tarsi, aud the tips of the femora, black, the tibiz green,
the rest of the femora, the trochanters, and anterior cox
testaceous, the wings bluish ; sparsely pubescent, the apex of
the abdoinen with long blackish hairs. Head rather narrow,
somewhat elongated anteriorly, alutaceous, and densely
punctulate and reticulate, smoother in front ; antennz short.
Prothorax transverse, arcuately narrowing ‘from the base ;
densely punctulate and reticulate, the median channel shallow,
the lateral carina sharp, sinuate, reaching the obtuse hind
angles. lytra long, subparallel, much wider than the
prothorax ; alutaceous, tricostate, the interspaces with 4-5
rows of rather fine punctures. Beneath closely, finely punc-
tate; ventral segment 5 transversely excavate in the middle,
6 cleft. 'Tarsal claws long, toothed beyond the middle.

Length 10-101, breadth 33-44 mm.

Hab. K. Arnica, Keborr Forest, alt. 6000 ft., and Narok,
both in the Masai Reserve (Capt. A. O. Luckman: 23-80. i
1914).

Two females. A form of M. alluaudi, Pic (=monticola,
Gahan), with a less rugose head and prothorax, the head a
little narrower, and the upper surface of the body less
shining. The ‘black tibiz and the less rugose prothorax,

with obtuse hind angles, separate M. masaiensis from
M. nobilis, Gerst.

32. Melyris luckmani, sp. n.

Elongate, subparallel, rather convex ; the upper surface
opaque, green, the lower surface shining, green or bluish-
green ; the antenne (except the rufescent portions of joints
< —4) and tarsi, and the extreme apices of the femora, black,
the tibia green, the rest of the legs testaceous or flavescent,
the tibiee usually g green on their outer edge, the wings blue:
finely pubescent, the apex of the abdomen with long Blackich
hairs. Head short, rather broad, densely punctulate and
reticulate, the eyes prominent ; antennee short, joints 5-10
very broad. Prothorax transverse, gradually narrowed from
the base, convex on the disc and somewhat broadly flattened
along the sides, the hind angles obtuse; densely punctulate

186 Mr. G. C. Champion on the

and reticulate, the lateral carina sinuate, prominent, reaching
the rounded hind angles, the median channel shallow.
Klytra long, subparé lel, much wider than the prothorax,
somewhat produced at the apex, alutaceous, feebly tricostate,
the interspaces with about five rows of pee fine punctures,
the inferior margin finely crenulate. Ventral segments
rather closely, finely punctate. Tarsal claws long, with a
sharp tooth just beyond the middle,

3. Ventral segment 5 broadly arcuate-emarginate, and
with a deep, transverse, arcuate excavation in the centre
(shallower in 9); 6 broad, exposed, bi-impressed at apex ;
median lobe of edeagus stout, curved downward and acumi-
nate at tip.

Length 8-103, breadth 83-4mm. (¢ 2.)

Hab. EH. Arrica, Lake Naivasha, Masai Reserve, alt.
6000 ft. [about midway between Mts. Kenya and Kilimand-
jaro] (A. O. Luckman: 18-24. xii. 1913).

Forty-seven specimens, including numerous males, two of
which have been dissected. Reade ible by its elongate
form and dull metallic upper surface, the flavescent femora,
the lateraily flattened, scabrous prothorax, and the closely
punctured long, tricostate elytra, the fifth ventral sezment
of ¢ with a deep transverse excavation. Near M. alluaudi,
Pie (=monticola, Gahan), opaque above, the prothorax more
flattened at the sides and less rugose, the elytra more finely
punctured. MM. taborensis, Pic (1903), seems to be an allied
form with the abdomen testaceous.

33. Melyris flavofemorata, sp. n.

9. Elongate, subparallel, rather convex ; the upper sur-
face opaque, green, tinged with violaceous on the head ancl
prothorax, the lower surface shining, metallic green, the
ventral surface suffused with violaceous ; the antennze (except
the reddish portions of joints 1-4), tibiz and tarsi, and the.
apices of the femora, black, the rest of the femora, the
trochanters, and the anterior coxe flavous, the wings bluish ;
sparsely pubescent, the apex of the abdomen. with long
blackish hairs. Head narrow, elongated anteriorly, aluta-
ceous, and densely punctulate and reticulate, the auterior
portion finely punctured, the supra-orbital ridges prominent,
the eyes depressed; antenne short. Prothorax nearly as
long as broad, conical, rapidly narrowed from the base,
feebly convex ; densely punctulate and reticulate, the median
channel shallow, the lateral carina sinuous, prominent,
reaching the rounded hind angles. Elytra long, subparallel,
much wider than the prothorax ; rugulose, tricostate, the

African and Asiatic Spectes of Melyris. 187

interspaces with about five rows of rather fine punctures.
Beneath closely punctate, the ventral segments also trans-
versely rugulose, 5 transversely depressed in the middle,
6 cleft. Tarsal claws long, with a sharp tooth beyond the
middle,

Length 11, breadth 45 mm.

Hab. EK. Avnica, Lagari (Mile 469) (C. S. Betton: 1. iii
21. v. 1900).

One female. Very like W@. luckmani from Lake Naivasha,
but easily separable therefrom by the narrow elongate head
and the longer conical prothorax.

34. Melyris pallidiventris.
Zygia pallidiventris, Pic, L’ change, xxii. p. 1 (1906).

Hlongate, rather broad, robust, shining, sparsely, finely
pubescent above, and clothed with long pallid or fulvous
hairs beneath, the abdomen fringed with long blackish hairs
at the tip; ceruleous or green, the basal joints of the
antennze (except the first above), the femora (except at the
extreme tip in some specimens), aud abdomen (the black
terminal abdominal segment in ? excepted) rufo-testaceous,
the rest of the antennee and legs black or piceous, the wings
violaceous; the head and prothorax densely punctulate and
shallowly reticulate. Head short, the anterior portion nar-
row ; antenne short. Prothorax transversely subcampanu-
late, feebly canaliculate ; the lateral carina angulate, some-
times obsolete at the middle, and becoming very prominent
exterior to the deep basal impressions, the latter polished
near the posterior margin, the hind angles more or less
extended outwards. Elytra much broader than the pro-
thorax, long, somewhat produced at the apex ; rather feebly
tricostate, the interspaces quadri-seriate-punctate, the punc-
tures coarser and subconfluent in some specimens, smaller
and more regularly arranged in others. ‘'Tarsal claws long,
sharply toothed beyond the middle.

é. Metasternum along each side of the median channel
and posterior trochanters fulvo-villose; ventral segment 5
broadly arcuate-emarginate, 6 hollowed along each side of
the convex median portion, notched at tip; median lobe
of edeagus produced into a rather stout, long, downwardly-
curved point, which is truncate at the apex.

Length 10-13, breadth 43-54 mm. (¢ 2.

Hab. Ki. any Centrau Arnica, Kilimandjaro (type of Pic),
Itigi (Dr. G. H. D. Carpentier: x. 1917: g 2), Katanga in
the Congo Region (Lemaire, in Mus. Congo Belge: 2).

188 Mr. G. C. Champion on the

Six males and one female from Itigi (ex-German E. Africa)
are referred to J/. pallidiventris, Pic, a female of which,
from Katanga, named by the author, is before me. The
wholly infuscate or black tibize and tarsi separate the present
species from M. rufiventris, Boh., and the rufo-testaceous
abdomen distinguishesit from JZ. nobilis, Gerst., A. alluaudi,
Pic, and others. The puncturing of the elytra varies greatly
in the series from Itigi, it being very coarse in three of them.
‘These specimens were all found on flowers of Acacia.

35. Melyris incompleta.
? Melyris incompleta, Fairm. Compt. Rend. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxvi.

p. xlix (1882) (9)?.

Melyris nobilis, Dixey and Longstaff, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1907,

p. 307”.

?. Elongate, broad, robust, moderately shining, the head
aud prothorax rather dull; cyancous, ceruleous, or more
rarely green, the antennal joints 1-4, abdomen (the black
terminal segment excepted), and legs (the black tarsi
excepted) rufo-testaceous, the wings violaceous; sparsely
fusco-pubescent, the lower sirface with longer yellowish
hairs, the abdomen fringed with long black hairs at the tip;
the head and prothorax densely punctulate and reticulate.
Head rather small, short; antennz short. Prothorax con-
vex, ‘ransversely subcampanulate, at the base nearly as
broad as the elytra, canaliculate, and with an angulate lateral
carina, the latter sometimes obsolete at the middle and
becoming very prominent at the base, which is deeply
excavate or foveate on each side, the hind angles more or
less produced, the basal cavities smooth near the posterior
margin. Elytra long, subparallel in their basal half, tricos-
tate to near the apex, the insterspaces with 4-5 rows of
moderately coarse punctures. Ventral segment 5 slightly
depressed down the centre, 6 cleft. ‘'arsal claws long,
sharply toothed beyond the middle.

Length 84-104, breadth 33-45 mm.

Hab. FE. ano S.1. Arrica, between Zanzibar and the
Great Lakes! (type of Fairmaire), Nyasaland (Dr. J. E. S.
Old, B. H. Woodward); N. Khodesia—Niamadai, near
Nawalia, alt. 2000 ft. (S. A. Neave: 17-22. vin. 1910),
Luangwa River and Valley (S. A. Neave: 14-16. viii. 1900,
vili.-ix. 1904, and vii.-vili. 1910: Mus. Brit. and Mus.
Oxon.), Mulungushi’s and Mumbwa (7. C. Dolman: vin.—ix.
1913); Zambesi—Victoria Falls’ (C. #. F. Allen, in Mus.
Oxon.: 15. ix. 1905).

Fifty-six specimens, including long series captured by

African and Asiatic Species of Melyris. 189

Dr. Neave and the late H. C. Dollman in N. Rhodesia,
all females, are provisionally referred to J/. incompleta, Fair-
maire, who does not mention the deep basal impressions of
the prothorax, &c. Separable from J. rufiventris (type
from the Limpopo), 2, as here identified, by the broad,
transversely subcampanulate prothorax, the base of which is
deeply foveate on each side within the very prominent
posterior portion of the lateral carina, the latter sinuate and
sometimes incomplete, and the black tarsi. It is a curious
fact that no male has been received of this conspicuous
Melyris, though the imsect has been met with on many
occasions and by various collectors. The red abdomen and
the less divergent basal portion of the prothoracie carina
separate J/. incompleta from M. nobilis, Gerst., the g of
which is also unknown to me.

36. Melyris albicoma.

Zygia albicoma, Pic, Ann. Mus. Genova, xxxix. p. 509 (1899).

Hab. B. Arnica, Brava in Somaliland (J/us. Genoa).

The unique type of this insect, captured by Bottego
im Oct. 1895, is a 9. It is of about the same size as
M. parvula, Gerst., aud separable therefrom by its dull,
sericeous, much smoother, bluish-green upper surface, which
is clothed with short, adpressed, whitish pubescence (inclnd-
ing a line of hairs extending down each of the elytral coste) ;
the head is short and narrow; the prothorax is convex, with
the median groove very shallow and the lateral carina
sinuate; the elytral interspaces have about four rows of
rather fine punctures; and the antennal joints 1-6, abdomen
(except segments 1, 2, and 6), and legs (the black fifth
tarsal joint excepted) are rufo-testaceous. The 8. African
M, pubescens, Oliv., has a somewhat similar vestiture.

37. Melyris nobilis.

Melyris nobilis, Gerst. Arch, f. Naturg. xxxvii. p. 56 (1871)!, and in
Van der Decken’s Reisen, iii. p. 156, t. 8. fig. 7 (1878) °; Kolbe,
Deutsch Ost-Afrika, iv. p. 222 (1898) *.

Zygia nobilis, var. viridiventris, Pic, Rev. Zool, Afric. ili, p. 158
(1913) 4

Hab. EK. ann Centra Arrica, Lake Jipe’?? (sec. Ger-

staecker), Masailand (Mus. Brit.: 9) ; Congo Region—
Sankisia*, Kabinda, Luanza, Kabambare, Kakauwe, Ki-
sengwa, and Luapula-Kasenga (Mus. Congo Belge: 2); 8.
Somaliland ’.

Fourteen examples of this species are before me, all 9 2? —

six from Masailand, presented to the British Museum in

Ann. & Mag. N. [list. Ser. 9. Vol. iv. 15

190 Mr. G. C. Champion on the

1887 by Mr. F. J. Jackson, and eight from the Congo
Region, lent me by M. Schouteden, the latter including
Pic’s type of M. viridiventris from Sankisia, The chief
characters of this species are: the blue upper surface, the
metallic breast and abdomen, the rufo-testaceous femora,
tibia, and basal joints of the antennze ; the moderately
broad, transversely subcampanulate prothorax, with deep -
basal impressions; and the elongate, tricostate elytra,
with somewhat coarsely quadri-seriate-punctate interspaces.
Gerstaecker* compares M. nobilis with M. rufiventris, Boh.,
aud states that the former has the breast and first two
ventral segments bluish-green and the last four segments
almost black. The male, like that of M.incompleta, Fairm.,
which has the ventral segments 1-5 wholly red, is not
represented in the material before me.

38. Melyris itigiensis, sp. n.

Moderately elongate, bluish-green or green above, green
or golden beneath, the basal four or five joints of the
antenne, the legs, and the sixth ventral segment of 3 rufo-
testaceous ; very finely pubescent, the under surface with
long pallid hairs, the apex of the abdomen fringed with still
longer blackish hairs, the wings bluish; the head and pro-
thorax densely punctulate and reticulate. Head rather long
and narrow, but not produced anteriorly, the eyes depressed ;
antennee very short, the broadly widened joints 5-11 forming
a loose club. Prothorax fully as long as broad, conical,
obliquely narrowing from near the base forwar, sulcate ;
the lateral carina sharp, sinuous, and reaching the obtuse
hind angles, the base slightly hollowed in the middle.
Elytra moderately long, subparallel; alutaceous, sharply
tricostate, the interspaces not very coarsely triseriate-punc-
tate, and more or less distinctly transversely plicate, the
inferior apical margin crenulate. Beneath closely punctate.
Tarsal claws long, sharply toothed at about the middle.

d. Ventral segment 5 unimpressed, arcuate-emarginate,
6 almost smooth; median lobe of zdeagus sharply acuminate.

Length 5-6, breadth 21-23 mm. (¢ 2.)

Hab. E. Arnica, Itigi (Capt. G. H. D. Carpenter: x.1917).

Hight specimens, including five males, found with M.
pallidiventris, Pic, on flowers of Acacia. A close ally of
M. parvula, Gerst., with a much longer, conical prothorax,
a longer head, and less coarsely triseriate-punctate inter-
costal spaces on the elytra, the median lobe of ¢-«edeagus
sharply acuminate. The smaller size, green abdomen, &e.,

African and Asiutic Species of Melyris, 191

separate the present species from the Abyssinian M. ruspolii,

Pie:
39. Melyris hacquardi, sp. n.

6. Hlongate, narrow, shining, green or bluish- “green,
golden-green beneath, the Sienna te xcept along the inner
edge of “joints 6-10), less, aud sixth ventral segment rufo-
testaceous ; sparsely and very finely fusco- pubescent above,
the under surface with longer pallid hairs, the abdomen with
long blackish hairs at tip; the head and ’ prothorax densely
punctulate and finely reticulate. Head short, rather broad,
the eyes convex ; antenne not very short, the joints some-
what loosely articulated, 5-10 about equally widened. Pro-
thorax tr ansverse, rounded at the sides anteriorly, canaliculate,
the hind angles obtuse, the lateral carina sharp and feebly
sinuate, the margins feebly crenulate. Elytra wider than
the prothorax, long, subparallel ; very sharply tricostate, the
interspaces rather coarsely triseriate-punctate, the inferior
margin feebly crenulate towards the apex. Beneath closely,
finely punctate. Ventral segment 5 with a deep, transverse,
a:cuate excavation in the middle and the apex rather deeply
arcuate-emarginate, 6 feebly bi-impressed, emarginate at tip.
‘Tarsal claws very long, toothed beyond the middle.

Length 51-54, breadth 2 —25 mm.

Hab. ©. Avnica, Zanzibar, Mhonda-Ouzigoua (Hacquard
Mission, 1879 - -80).

Two males from the Sharp collection. Very near JZ.
parvula, Gerst., type from Endara, as here identified ; but
separable therefrom by the longer and paler antenne, the
outer joints of which are less closely articulated and not so
broad (these joints forming a sort of club in JZ. parvula),
the longer tarsal claws, and the very deep arcuate excava-
tion on the fifth ventral segment in ¢. JV. femoralis, Pic
(1898), also from Zanzibar, is another allied form, with the
femora only clear testaceous and the elytra more dilated
posteriorly.

40. Melyris parvula.
Melyris parvula, Gerst. Arch. f. Naturg. xxxvil. p. 56 (1871) ', and in
Van der Decken’s Reisen, ili. p. 157 (1873) °; Waterh. P.Z. 5, 1885,
p- 231°; Kolbe, Deutsch Ost-Afrila, iv. p. 222 (1898) *.

é. Ventral segment 5 with a shallow, transverse, arcuate
depression, broadly arcuate-emarginate at tp, 6 rufous or
piceous, bi-impressed, emarginate at apex ; median lobe of
zedeagus broad, pointed at the apex.

9. Ventral segment 5 unimpressed, 6 cleft.
lo"

192 Mr. G. C. Champion on the

Hab. EB. Arrica (W. A. Lamborn: 1916), Endara
(inland from Zanzibar) ( Gerstaecker)'** "Athi -ya-Mawe (C.S.
Betton: v. 1899), Kilimandjaro (Ser H. H. Johnston) *, Lake
Jipe and Tsavo River (Dr. Bayer, in Mus. Congo Belge : V1.
1913), Badditu-Dime (Bottega, in Mus. Genoa: v.—vi. 1896),
Samburu (C. 8. Betfon: x., x1. 1896), Mlanje in Nyasaland

S. A. Neave: viii. 1918), Machakos (S. LZ. Hinde: 1897),
Caia, Zambesi (H. Swale: vii., vili.1911), Namaiila, Lukendo,
and Kashitu in N. Rhodesia (H.C. Dollman: ? ), 8S. Somali-
land *.

Many examples, ¢ ¢, seen from Kilimandjaro, &c., ? ?
only from Rhodesia. A small blue or green form, with the
elytra sharply tricostate, their interspaces rather coarsely tri-
seriate-punctate; the basal joints of the anteunie and the legs
rufo-testaceous, the tarsi often wholly or in part, and rarely
the apices of the tibiz also, infuscate; the antenne short,
the closely articulated, widened outer joints forming a sort
of elongate club ; the tarsal claws long, sharply toothed at
about the middle; the margins of the prothorax, and the
inferior apical margin of the elytra, more or less distinctly
crenulate. Gerstaecker describes the prothorax as “ pro-
funde sulcato,” a defiuition applying to very few of the
specimens before me, including a co-type kindly lent me by
Dr. Gestro. ‘the twelve examples from Caia and Mlanje,
d 2, are more elongate than the rest, and they may belong
to a different species. One of those from Lake Jipe 1s
brassy-cupreous above.

41. Melyris brevicollis, sp. n.

Moderately elongate, shining ; green or golden-green, the
basal joints of the antennz to a variable extent, and the legs
(the more or less infuscate tarsi excepted), testaceous or
rufo-testaceous ; finely pubescent, the apex of the abdomen
fringed with long black hairs ; the head and _prothorax
densely punctulate and reticulate. Head short, small ;
antenne short in the two sexes. Prothorax strongly trans-
verse, rounded at the sides anteriorly, suicate; the lateral
earina sinuous, the hind angles obtuse, the margins feebly
crenulate. EH lytra moderately long, w ider than the prothorax,
flattened on the disc; mlmene cout: sharply tricostate, the
interspaces with three rows of moderately coarse punctures,

_the inferior apical margin crenulate. arsal claws s moderately
long, armed with a sharp tooth at about the middle.

oe Ventral segment 5 broadly arcuate emarginate at tip,
6 black, triangularly emarginate.

African and Asiatic Species of Melyris. 193

?. Ventral segment 5 deeply foveate in the middle,
6 cleft.

Hab. K% Arxica, Banks of Nile near Kakindu, alt. 3400 ft.,
Uganda Protectorate (S. A. Neave: 24, 25. viii. 1911: 2),
Kashitu in N. Rhodesia (H. C. Dollman: vi.1915: 8 ¢ ).

Described from a long series found by the late H. C. Doll-
man on the flowers of shrubs in June 1915, and two females
captured some years previously by Dr. Neave. Very near
the somewhat variable Af. parvula, Gerst., which occurred
also at Kashitu; but separable therefrom by the more
transverse prothorax, which is also less narrowed in front,
and the deeply foveate fifth ventral segment of 9. The less
elongate shape, shorter antennee and legs, and the more
feebly developed tarsal claws distinguish JZ. brevicollis from
M. hacquardi.

42. Melyris piligera, sp. un.

9. Elongate, rather dull above, shining beneath ; green,
the antennal joints 2-4, the trochanters, femora, and tibiz
rufo-testaceous, the rest of the antennze and the tarsi black ;
thickly clothed with rather long, decumbent, blackish hairs,
these forming a close curled fringe along the margins of the
prothorax and elytra, the apex of the abdomen with long
black hairs ; the head and prothorax closely punctulate and
reticulate. Head short; antennz short, joints 5-11 closely
articulated and broadly . idened, forming an elongate club.
Prothorax transverse, gradually, arcuately narrowed from
the base, feebly canaliculate, the lateral carina sinuate,
sharp, the hind angles obtuse, the margins finely crenulate.
Elytra at the base a little broader than the prothorax,
moderately elongate, widened posteriorly, sharply tricostate
to near the tip, the interspaces with four rows of not very
coarse punctures, the inferior apical margin crenulate.
Beneath closely ‘punctured. Legs rather stout; tarsal
claws sharply toothed beyond the middle.

Length 63, breadth 24 mm.

Hab. BH. Cenrrat Arnica, Chilangwa in N.W. Rhodesia
(Rk. C. Wood: 21. vu. 1913).

One specimen. Smaller, narrower, and less robust than
M. apicalis, Harold, the under surface wholly green, the
upper surface thickly clothed with decumbent blackish
hairs, the elytral somewhat regularly quadriseriate-punctate.

Melyris serrata, sp. un.

3. Moderately elongate, somewhat depressed, widened

194 Mr. G. C. Champion on the

posteriorly, thickly nigro-pilose above, sparsely, finely
pubescent beneath, the abdomen with a few long projecting
hairs at the tip ; bluish- green, the basal three joints of the
antennee (the others black), the legs (the tips of the tarsi
excepted), and the posterior margin of the ventral segnents
and 6 rufo-testaceous ; the head and prothorax closely
punctulate and reticulate, the prothorax subgranulate.
Head rather short; antenne relatively long, the joints
somewhat loosely articulated, 4-10 acutely triangular. Pro-
thorax broader than long, rounded at the sides, narrowed
anteriorly, canaliculate, the lateral carina sharp and feebly
sinuate, the margins set with small projecting teeth. Elytra
much broader than the prothorax, widening to near the apex,
rather feebly tricostate, the interspaces triseriate-punctate,
the margins narrowly ‘explanate and inferiorly crenulate.
Ventral segment 5 feebly arcuate-emarginate, 6 (so far as
visible) subtruncate. Legs slender, shining, the tarsal claws
toothed near the tip.

Length 4%, breadth 2,!, mm.

Hab. i. Arnica, Victoria Falls of the Zambesi, left bank,
alt. about 8000 feet (Dr. Longstaff, in Mus. Oxon.: 18. ix.
1905).

One example. Smaller, less convex, and more thickly
pilose than AZ. denticulata, from Angola, the antennz elon-
gate, the elytral interspaces triseriate-punctate.

44, Melyris atricornis, sp. n.

?. Elongate, narrow, rather convex, moderately shining,
green, the antenne and legs black, clothed with short decum-
bent, blackish pubescence, | the abdomen with long black hairs
at tip; the head and prothorax closely punctulate and
reticulate. Head small, short; antennee short, jomts 5-11
proadie widened and closely articul ated, forming an elon-
gateclub. Prothorax broader than long, ore adually, arcuately
narrowed from the base, suleate, the lateral carina sinuous,
sharp, the hind angies obtuse, the margins finely crenulate.
Elytra subparallel, wider than the prothorax, sharply tri-
costate to near the tip, the interspaces triseriate-punctate
and feebly, transversely plicate, the inferior apical margin
finely crenulate. Ventral segment 5 unimpressed. Legs
rather slender ; tarsal claws moderately long, sharply toovned
at about the middle.

Length 5, breadth 2 mm.

igen EK. "AFRICA, Dedza District, Central Angoniland,
alt. 4000-5000 ft. (S. A. Neave: v. 1910).

African and Asiatic Species of Melyris, 195

Described from a 2? example. Another specimen, ¢ ,
from Mlanje in Nyasaland (S. A. Neave: 15. viii. 1913), is
perhaps referable to the same species : it is broader than the
type, bluish-green in colour, and has the eyes more convex.
A. atricornis cannot be satisfactorily included under the
variable J/. nagripes, Harold, the intercostal spaces on the
elytra being somewhat regularly triseriate-punctate, as well
as feebly transversely wrinkled. The puncturing of the
upper surface is very much finer, and the elvtral coste
much more prominent, than in the allied A. umbilicata from
Nigeria.

45. Melyris virens, sp. n. :

2. Moderately elongate, robust, rather broad, shining,
fusco-pubescent ; bluish-green, the antenne and legs nigro-
piceous, the abdomen brassy-green ; the head and prothorax
densely punctulate and reticulate. Head and antenne short.
Prothorax transverse, arcuately narrowed anteriorly, sulcate,
the lateral carina sinuate, the margins feebly crenulate.
Elytra broader than the prothorax, moderately long ; sharply
tricostate, the interspaces coarsely triseriate-punctate, the
inferior apical margin sharply crenulate. Legs rather stout ;
tarsal claws sharply toothed a about the middle.

Length 5-54, breadth 22-23 mm.

Hab. E. AFRICA, Dein and the highlands of Masai
(Scott-Elliot).

One ane without definite locality. A second example
of the same sex, from Ukamba, Tiwa River (S. W. J. Schole-
field : 22-27.1. 1912), with the margins of the prothorax
more distinctly crenulate, the elytral interspaces less coarsely
triseriate-punctate, and the ventral segments blue, seems to
belong to the same species. Near J/. parvula, Gerst., but a
little broader and more robust, the legs wholly blackish.
The non-plicate, triseriate-punctate elytral interspaces and —
the less elongate shape separate Jf. virens from small
M. nigripes, Har old, and the broader and more robust build
distinguishes it from J. atricornis. The present species is
also very like the S. African JZ. lineata, the latter being a
little less robust, less shining above and beneath, and having
longer legs and more feebly toothed tarsal claws.

46. Melyris uniformis, sp. n.

9. Elongate, widened posteriorly, rather convex, sparsely
pubescent, dull above, shining beneath ; green, the antenne,
palpi, labrum, and tarsi piceous or black; the head and

196 Mr. G. C. Champion on the

prothorax densely punctulate and finely reticulate; the
abdomen fringed with long hairs at the tip. Head somewhat
elongated posteriorly, the antenne short. Prothorax trans-
verse, arcuately narrowed auteriorly, feebly canaliculate, the
lateral carina sinuate. Elytra long, wider than the prothorax;
rather sharply tricostate, the imterspaces alutaceous and
somewhat finely trizeriate-punctate. Tarsal claws sharply
toothed at about the middle.

Length 7, breadth 3 mm.

Hab. E. Avrica, Kondowe to Karonga in Nyasaland,
alt. 2000 ft. (A. Whyte, in Mas Brit. 1897).

One female. A form extremely hike J/. piligera from
N.W. Rhodesia, metallic green above and beneath, the legs
and antennez wholly blackish, the upper eatbice more
sparsely pubescent, the elytra tri- (instead of quadri-) seriate-
punctate, the head a little longer, and the tooth of the tarsal
claws arising from nearer the base. The longer head and
larger size separate J/. wniformis from AL. atricornis.

Somaliland Forms *.

a. Prothorax and elytra metallic.
a‘, Metasternuw, abdomen, and legs testaceous ...... No. 47 f.
b'. Metasternum metallic, abdomen and legs testaceous . Nos, 48-50].
6. Prothorax or elytra with their outer margins, the former
sometimes entirely, rufescent, the legs in part and
abdomen testaceous .......... See Gu tare Nos. 51-54.
ce. Prothorax and elytra metallic, the abdomen and legs
black, elytra very coarsely confluently punctured
‘Sokotra | HA tense siecten seid eo ae den ciel atic ses ates] ee NOOO

47. Melyris pleuralis.
Melyris pleuralis, Fairm, Ann. Soc, Ent. Belg. xxxvii. p. 149 (1898).

3. Ventral segment 5 broadly and rather deeply arcuate-
emarginate ; 6 transversely tumid in the centre in front of
the triangular apical noteh.

Var.? The metasternal side-pieces rufo-testaceous, the
prothorax more coarsely punctured.

Hab, Ki. Arnica, Somaliland (Revoil, in Mus. Brit.: 3):
Ouebbi (Dr. Keller: type), Basso Ganana and Boran
Galla (V. Bottego, in Mus. Genoa: vii., viii. 1893: ¢),
Af-goi [Benadir] (V. Casale, in Mus. Genoa: @ ).

* Including Sokotra Island. One species (No. 70) from Obock is
included amongst the N. African and Arabian forms.
t The Arabian M. klugi (No. 65), which is similarly coloured, extends
to Somaliland and Abyssinia.

t The similarly coloured MW. parvula (No. 40) and nobilis (No. 37) have
been recorded trom 8, Somaliland,

African and Asiatic Species of Melyris. 197

A male from the Fry collection agrees fairly well with
the description of this species, and seven females in the
Genoa Museum must also belong here. The Jatter are blue

bluish-green above, and extremely like M. gestroz, Pic,
but they have the side-pieces only of the metasternum
metallic. The male has the upper surface green and the
humeral callosities violaceous. These specimens have the
antenna (except at the apex), legs (the knees and tips of
the tarsi excepted), and under surface (the sternal side-
pieces excepted) rufo-testaceous ; the prothorax sulcate on
the disc and excavate on each side at the base, the lateral
carina reaching the rather prominent hind ai gles; the
elytra sharply tricostate, the interspaces with about four
rows of punctures. Fairmaire separated M, pleuralis from
his M. semihirta, also from Somaliland (but not represented
in the collections before me), by the more prominent hind
angles of the prothorax, the yellow metasternum (the side-
pieces excepted), the non-villose body, &c. The length
varies from 9-101, and the breadth from 33-4} mm. The
variety (?) is represented by a large 2? from ‘Bor an Galla,

48. Melyris viridinitens.

Melyris viridinitens, Fairm. in Reyoil’s Faune et Flore Comalis,
Coléopt. p. 57 (188 2).

g. Ventral segment 5 shallowly, 6 triangularly, emar-
eginate, the latter bi-impressed.

Hab. HK. Arrica, Somaliland (Revoil, ex colls. Sharp and

‘There is a pair of this species in the British Muscum, the
d having been received from Deyrolle by Dv. Sharp as
M. viridinitens. A brilliant metallic green or bluish-green
form, the prothorax, scutellum, and metasternum golden-
green, the abdomen, legs, and the antenne in great part
rufo-testaceous ; the prothorax rather long and subconical,
eanaliculate, foveate on each side at the base, the lateral
carina feebly sinuate, the surface shallowly sehen cris and
finely punctulate ; the elytra oblong, very sharply tricostate,
the interspaces with 3-4 rows on coarse punctures, the
inferior apical margin feebly crenulate ; the tarsal claws
very long, sharply toothed towards the tip ; the apex of the
abdomen fringed with long blackish hairs in both sexes.
Fairmaire’s description of the terminal (sixth) ventral
segment must apply to the g, and not to the ? as stated,

198 Mr. G. C. Champion on the

49, Melyris anceyi, n. n.

Melyris versicolor, Ancey, Le Naturaliste, iv. No. 10, p. 78 (May 15th,
1882); Fairm. in Revoil’s Faune et Flore Comalis, Joléopt. p. 58
(1882) ue Chevr.): Pic, Ann. Mus. Genova, xxxix. p. 508, nota
(1899).

3g. Ventral segment 5 slightly hollowed at apex, 6 bi-
impressed, convex in the middle in front of the triangular
apical notch ; median lobe of wdeagus pointed and slightly
curved downward at tip.

2. Ventral segment 6 black, cleft down the middle.

Hab. E. Arrica, Somaliland (levoil, ex colls. Sharp and
Fry ; Mus. Oxon., ex Deyrolle).

If the specimens of this insect before me—a pair in the
Oxford Museum, and various others, ¢ ?, in the Sharp
and Fry collections, all received from Deyrolle— are correctly
named, M. versicolor, Aucey, seems to me to be merely a
form of M. viridinitens with a rougher and more deeply
grooved prothorax. The colour is variable—green, bluish-
ercen, or brilliant violaccous, the reflexed margins of the
prothorax being testaceous in one example. ‘The narrower,
subconical, more closely sculptured prothorax separates both
species from the Abyssinian M. festiva, Keiche, which is
also a larger insect. The long black hairs at the apex of the
abdomen do not arise from the fifth segment as stated by
Fairmaire.

50. Melyris ruspoli.
Zyyia ruspolii, Pic, Ann. Mus, Genova, xxxix. p. 508 (1899).

¢. Ventral segment 5 feebly emarginate at apex, 6 nar-
rowly exposed, bifoveate, notched at ip.

Hab. ¥. Arnica, Sanaa tewcls Milmil and Salolé.

There is a long series, 3 9, of this species in the Genoa
Museum. It is of about the same size (length 6-84} mm.,
excluding head) as the Abyssinian M. fulvipes, Reiche, which
also has a long prothorax, from which the preseut species
differs in its elongate narrow head, rugosely punctate,
sharply tricostate elytra, and rufo-testaceous abdomen.

51. Melyris discoidalis.
Melyris discoidalis, Fairm. in Révoil’s Faune et Flore Comalis,
Coléopt. p. 59 (1882).
Zygia discoidalis, Bedel, L’Abeille, xxix. p. 36 (1897) ; Schilsky, Kat. |
Kurop. XXxlv. ‘No. 92’ ( (3) (1897).

Hab, FB. Arrtca, Somaliland, Obock (Mus. Brit.).

African and Asiatic Species of Melyris. 199

A g inthe Oxford Museum, received from Deyrolle under
the name M. rubrocincta, Fairm., and two immature examples
of the same sex from Obock * (Dr. Martin), seem to be refer-
able to M. discoidalis. ‘Vhey are testaceous in colour, with
the head and two patches on the disc of the prothorax black,
the elytra with a fusco-ceruleous stripe or space on the
dise (leaving the outer margins and sutural regions testa-
ceous) ; the puncturing of the interspaces sparser, coarser,
and more regularly arranged than in M. rubrocincta. The
metasternnm is testaceous in the Obock specimens and
infuscate in the other one. The tarsal claws are very long,
toothed at the middle.

52. Melyris limbifera.
Melyris imbifera, Ancey, le Naturaliste, iv. No. 8, p. 62 (April 15th,
1882) 1,

? Zyagia ri ‘ubrolimbata and var. rollei, Pic, L’ Echange, xxv. p. 142 (1909)?.

gd. Ventral segment 5 feebly emarginate, 6 deeply bi-
impressed and triangularly emarginate,

2. Ventral segment 6 and terminal dorsal segment black,
the former cleft.

Hab, BK. Arrica, Somaliland ** (H. Lort Phillips and Miss
Gillett, in Mus. Brit.).

There are a dozen examples of this species in the British
Museum, received in 1895 and 1898. It is recognizable by
the expanded, sharply upturned, testaceous or rufo-testaceous
margins of the prothorax and elytra, the reddish colour of
the prothorax so extended as to leave only a large black
patch or two oblong marks on the dise, the rest of the elytra
being metallic blue. The legs (except the tarsi, wholly or
in part) and abdomen are testaceous, and the metasternum
more or less infuseate. The tarsal claws are very long,
toothed at the middle, and the fourth antennal joint is
triangular. Pic, in his description of Z. rubrolimbata’*, says
nothing about the similarly coloured J/. limbifera, Aucey,
from the same region, the type of which should be in his
own collection (cf. Le Nat. 1898, p.273). M.marginicollis,
Ancey (? = collaris, Fairm.), also from Somaliland, not
represented in the collections before me, is an allied form
with the elytra wholly blue.

* M. (Zygia) notaticolls, Pic (1905), from Obock, is a different species
coloured like M. (Zygia) oblonga, F.

200 Mr. G. C. Champion on the

53. Melyris rubrocincta.
Melyris rubrocincta, Fairm., in Reévoil’s Faune et Flore CGomalis,
Coléopt. p. 60 (1882).

Hab. H. Arrica, Somaliland (Mus. Brit.: g 2), Berbera
(coll. Andrewes).

Distinguished from M. limbifera by the long narrow head,
the longer, subconical, wholly cyaneous prothorax, and the
rather sharper elytral cost. The ¢-ventral-characters, so
far as visible without dissection, are similar. The lateral
carina of the prothorax is incomplete in one of the five
specimens before me. ‘The tarsal claws are very long,
sharply toothed at about the middle.

54. Melyris circumsepta, sp. n.

Oblong-oval, widened posteriorly, rather convex, somewhat
thickly pubescent, dull, the elytra aud under surface shining ;
rufo-testaceous, the head, the antennee in their outer half,
the tarsi and scutellum, and in some specimens the tibie
and two spots on the disc of the prothorax also, black, the
elytra (the expanded reddish margins excepted) cyaneous ;
the abdomen fringed with long black hairs at the tip, the
terminal segment also black in 2; the head and prothorax
densely punctulate and fively reticulate. Head narrow,
rather long ; autennze short, joints 5-10 serrate, 4 narrow.
Prothorax convex, a little broader than long, rounded at the
sides, compressed and much narrowed anteriorly, canalicu-
late, the lateral carina sinuate and well defined, the margins
feebly dilated, the hind angles obtuse. Elytra oblong-oval,
much wider than the prothorax in 9, narrower in Q,
acuminate at tip, the margins rather broadly explanate ;
feebly tricostate, the interspaces with from 38-4 rows of
moderately coarse punctures. Tarsal claws toothed at about
the middle.

g. Ventral segments 5 and 6 emarginate, 6 bi-impressed.

Length 6-7, breadth 23-32 mm. (¢ 2.)

Hab. N.E. Arrica, Hartan Peninsula in Eritrea (MV,
Cameron).

Two males and three females. A small form of the insect
here identified as M. limdifera, Ancey, with the head narrower,
the prothorax less dilated at the sides, and the under surface
wholly testaceous. M. rubrolimbata and its var. rollet, Pic
(L’Echange, xxv. p. 142, 1909), from the Somali Coast, the
prothorax of which varies in colour in the same way, is a
much larger insect (length 9-11 mm.) and has an intuseate

’

African and Asiatic Species of Melyris. 201

metasternum. The Hartan Peninsula forms one side of
Beilul Bay. The exact locality for M. rubrolimbata is not
recorded.

55. Melyris insularis,
Melyris insularis, Gahan, Bull. Liverpool Mus, ii. p. 8 (1900).

Hab. E. Arrica, Sokotra Island, Abd-el-Kuri (W. R. O.
Grant: 22. ii. 1899).

Two males and one female were captured by Mr. Grant.

A rather short broad form, metallic green above, the
antennz (joints 2-5 excepted), legs, and ventral segments
black or piceous; the prothorax transverse, trapezoidal,
somewhat hollowed at the sides, the anterior angles pro-
minent, obtuse, the hind angles drawn out laterally, the
lateral carina sinuate and not very conspicuous, the median
groove evanescent anteriorly ; the elytra very coarsely, tri-
seriately, subconfluently punctate between the narrow coste ;
the tarsal claws long, armed with a small tooth towards the
apex. The ¢ has the sixth ventral segment testaceous, and
almost smooth, convex along the middle; the median lobe
of the edeagus stout, acuminate, and curved.

Abyssinian Forms *.

a. Prothorax and elytra metallic, abdomen and legs
partly or entirely testaceous.

a‘, Prothorax more or less villose ....... biteid steam | NOS bG-58.
6', Prothorax not villose ..... satan spared » vaueietareieisje’. UNOS, 09-—-Ode
6. Prothorax, elytra, and under surface metallic, legs
testaceous; elytra obsoletely costate ............ No. 64,

56. Melyris corrosa.

.

Melyris corrosa, Keiche, in Ferret and Galinier’s Voyage Abyss., Ins
p. 291, t. 18. figs. 1, 1a (1850).

Melyris onychina, Roth, in Wiegm. Archiv, 1851, i. p. 121.

Melyris atripilosus, Gorh, Ann, Mus. Genoya, xviii. p. 600 (1883).

3d. Ventral segment 5 without median depression, broadly
arcuate-emarginate at apex, 6 bi-impressed.

Hab. AsysstntA, Goundet to Adoua (Raffray, in Mus.
Genoa).

Dr. Gestro has lent me four males of M. atripilosa, Gorh.
including the type, and a larger worn co-type, ?, of
M. corrosa, Reiche. The only visible difference between
them is due to the fresher condition of the males, the
numerous long black erect hairs on the head, prothorax, and

* M., klugi, Baudi (No, 65), extends to Abyssinia and Somaliland, and
M. nobilis, Gerst. (No. 87), has been recorded from the same regions,

202 Mr. G. GC. Champion on the

under surface being intact in the specimens of M. atripilosa
captured by Raffray. A large violaceous, blue, or bluish-
green, pilose insect, with a transverse, conical, coarsely,
closely umbilicate-punctate, villose prothorax, the elytral
interspaces coarsely, closely punctate, the abdomen in great
part, or entirely, and the legs testaceous, the latter more
hairy than in M. abdominalis, F. Reiche’s figures show
the villose prothorax.

57. Melyris conicicollis.
Melyris conicicollis, Gorh, Ann. Mus. Genova, xviii. p. 601 (1888).

Hab. Axysstnia.

The types of this species are females. As the author
states, WW. conicicollis is separable from his aéripilosa (=cor-
rosa, Reiche) by its smaller size, the non-pilose under
surface of the body, and the more strongly costate elytra ;
he, however, omitted to note that it had a very much
narrower head, and that the long pilosity was sparser on the
prothorax and not altogether absent from the head.

58. Melyris pilicollis, sp. 1.

9. Hlongate, subparallel, rather dull; obscure olivaceous
or bluish-green, the antenne (except the inner portions of
joints 5-11), legs (the tips of the tarsi excepted), and the
ventral segments 1-5 at the sides and along their posterior
marvin testaceous; sparsely clothed above with decumbent
fuscous pubescence, the hairs forming a close fringe along
the edges of the elytra, the prothorax with intermixed very
long, erect or laterally projecting, blackish hairs, the abdo-
men also with long black hairs at the apex, the under surface
closely pubescent; the head and prothorax densely punctu-
late and coarsely reticulate. Head broad, short ; antenne
short. Prothorax broader than long, conical, rapidly nar-
rowing from the rather sharp lind angles, deeply sulcate,
aud with a strougly sinuate lateral carina, the base slightly
excavate on each side within the carina, Elytra long, much
broader than the prothorax, a little widened posteriorly,
rounded at the apex; rather feebly tricostate, the interspaces
aluta‘eous and each with about four rows of moderately
coarse punctures. ‘Tarsal claws long, toothed near the tip.

Length 8], breadth 8; mm,

Hab. Asyssinia, Scioa | Shoal] (Antinori, in Mus. Genoa).

Two females, captured by Antinori in May 1877, found
amongst the extremely long series of M. pectoralis belonging
to the Genoa Museum. This species has the prothorax

African and Asiatic Species of Melyris. 203

conical and clothed with long erect blackish hairs as in
M. conicicollis, Gorh.; but it differs from that insect in
having a shorter and broader head, sharper hind angles
to the prothorax, more finely punctured, duller elytra, and
the ventral segments of the ? in great part infuscate, these
segmeuts being probably wholly testaceous in the unknown
$6. The conical hairy prothorax, &c., separate it from
AM. pectoralis, and its much larger size, &c., from M. olivacea,
Guér.
59, Melyris gestrot.
Zygia gestrot, Pic. Ann. Mus. Genova, xxxix. p. 507 (1899).

Hab. Asyssrni1a, Gallago, Salolé, and Hauacio (Ruspoli, in
Mus. Genoa).

The types of this species are 2? 9. JZ. gestrot is a form
of the insect here identified as A/. pleuralis, Fairm., differing
from it in the wholly green metasternum and the slightly
longer and narrower head; the latero-basal depressions of
the prothorax are deep in both of them. Pic does not
mention J/. pleuralis, and compares his species with
M. festiva, Reiche, and MW, versicolor, Aucey, to which it
bears but little resemblance.

60. Melyris pectoralis.
Melyris pectoralis, Reiche, in Ferret and Galinier’s Voyage Abyssin.,
Ins. p. 293 (1842); Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1852, p. 97.
Melyris eruginosa, Roth, in Wiegm, Archiv, xyli. 1, p. 121 (1851).
Melyris hemorrhoidalis, Roth, 1. e.
Melyris festiva, Gorh, Ann. Mus. Genova, xviii. p. 509 (1883) (nec
Reiche).

3. Ventral segment 5 broadly arcuate-emarginate, 6 short,
deeply foveate, notched at tip; median lobe of wdeagus
stout, pointed at apex.

?. Terminal abdominal dorsal and ventral segments
black, the ventral one cleft.

Hab. Asyssinia (Mus. Brit.; Mus. Oxon.; Raffray, ex
coll. Sharp); Adda Galla, Harar, Bogos, Scioa, &c. (Mus.
Genoa) ; Zegi Tsana (Degen, in Mus. Brit.); Junction
Camp-E. Elgon (Dr. Bayer, in Mus. Congo Belge: iv.-v.
HOAs 2).

There are upwards of 200 examples of this species in the
Genoa Museum, including a 3 marked “ typus,” received
from M. Obertliiz in 1878, and many more in the British
Museum. Specimens of it are labelled M/. pectoralis in all the
collections I have examined. Leiche’s description is rather
vague, and Gorham identified the Genoa Museum series as

204 Mr. G. ©. Champion on the

M. festiva, which is a broader insect, with a smoother,
brilliantly metallic prothorax. JZ. pectoralis is recognizable
amongst the allied Abyssinian forms by its elongate shape,
greenish or blue colour, with the legs, abdomen, and the
greater part of the antenne rufo-testaceous; the short
head ; the transverse, laterally rounded, subquadrate, coarsely
punctured, suleate prothorax, with a sharp sinuous lateral
carina; and the elongate, subparallel, tricostate elytra, the
interspaces of which have about four rows of moderately
coarse punctures. The tarsal claws are long and sharply
toothed beyond the middle. Al. hemorrhoidalis seems to
have been based upon a blue example of the same species.
The length varies from 7-11 mm. A Q from Cheren, Eritrea
(D. F. Derchi, 1894), in the Genoa Museum, with the ventral
segments black, except along the sides, may represent a new
form allied to M/. pectoralis ?

61. Melyris parallela, sp.u.

Elongate, parallel, the head and prothorax dull, the rest
of the surface more shining, almost glabrous above, thickly
clothed with pallid hairs beneath, the apex of the abdomen
fringed with long blackish hairs in both sexes; green or
bluish-green, the prothorax in two examples cyaneous on the
dise and metallic green at the sides, the antenne (except

be
be we
Melyris parallela, 3.

at the tip) and legs (except the infuscate tarsi in one
specimen), and the ventral segments wholly in g, or at
the sides and apex only in ?, rufo-testaceous ; the head
and prothorax closely, rather coarsely umbilicate-punctate.
Head rather broad, short ; antennz short ; prothorax strongly
transverse, arcuately narrowed anteriorly, in 3 fully as broad
as the elytra, slightly narrower in 9, suleate down the
middle, and depressed before the base, the hind angles

African and Asiatic Species of Melyris. 205

obtuse, the lateral carina sinuous. Elytra long, parallel,
tricostate, the interspaces with four or five rows of mode-
rately coarse punctures. Tarsal claws with a sharp tooth
towards the tip.

3. Joint 1 of intermediate tarsi produced at the inner
apical angle (fig. 3); ventral segment 5 broadly arcuate-
emarginate, 6 bi-impressed ; median lobe of wdeagus termi-
nating in a short downwardly-curved point.

Length 7-9, breadth 23-3}mm. (¢ ?.)

Hab, Asyssinta (Mus. Brit.).

Three specimens, acquired by the Museum in 1876. A
form of MW. pectoralis, Reiche, with the prothorax dilated
and fully as broad as the elytra, and the basal joint of the
intermediate tarsi somewhat dentiform, in ¢; the ventral
segments broadly metallic or infuscate across the middle
in ? (the sexes of JZ. festiva differing in the same way in the
two pairs of that species before me) ; the puncturing of the
upper surface not quite so coarse. Amongst the nine
species of Melyris already recorded from the same country,
M. pectoralis is the only one with which the present insect
can be compared.

62. Alelyris quadricollis, sp. n.
Melyris corrosa, Gorh. Ann, Mus. Genova, xviii. p. 599 (1883) (nec
Reiche).

Elongate, subparallel, slightly widened posteriorly in 9 ,
the head and prothorax subopaque, the elytra moderately
shining; violaceous, cyaneous, or bluish-green, the elytra
sometimes wholly greenish, the antenne (except the inner

Fig. 4.

Melyris quadricollis, 3.

portions of joints 1 and 5-1], which are black), legs, and
abdomen (except the sixth abdominal segment in ? ) rufo-
testaceous; clothed with fine, decumbent, blackish hairs,

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. iv. 16

206 Mr. G. C. Champion on the

the apex of the abdomen fringed with long black hairs ; the
head and prothorax densely punctulate and coarsely reticu-
late. Head short, rather broad ; antenne short. Protbcrax
transverse, subquadrate or trapezoidal, the sides almost
straight, finely crenulate, and very gradually converging
from the obtuse hind angles forwards (more rapidly so
in 9); suleate down the middle, the lateral carina feebly
sinuate and extending outward to the hind angles. Hlytra
long, subparallel, wider than the prothorax, tricostate, the
interspaces with about four rows of rather coarse punctures.
Tarsal claws very long, sharply toothed beyond the middle.

g. Joint 1 of intermediate tarsi very short, 2 produced
inferiorly into a slightly curved blunt lobe (fig.4). Ventral
segment 5 without median depression, broadly emarginate at
apex, 6 deeply bifoveate.

Length 73-11, breadth 83-423mm. (¢ ¢.)

Hab. Axyssrnta, Scioa [| Shoa] (Antinori, in Mus. Genoa),
Gatelo Amaiyu (R. J. Stordy: 4. x1. 1911: 2).

Nearly one hundred specimens of this species are before
me, including many males. Gorham was unable to dis-
tinguish it from the insect incorrectly identified by him as
M. festiva (=pectoralis, Reiche), from which it is easily
separable by the straighter-sided, subquadrate, slightly
smoother prothorax, and the inferiorly lobed second joint of
the ¢ intermediate tarsi, there being no trace of this lobe
in the same sex of the allied J/. corrosa, pectoralis, or
festica. Inthe ¢ tarsal structure M/. quadricollis approaches
M., klugi and bicalcarata.

63. Melyris festiva.

Melyris festiva, Reiche, in Ferret and Galinier’s Voyage Abyssin.,
Ins. p. 292, t. 18. fies. 2, 2a es [nee Gorh. Ann. Mus. Genova,
XVlii. p. 599 (1883) }.

3g. Ventral segments Faison 5 shallowly, broadly emar-
ginate, 6 deeply bi-impressed ; terminal dorsal segment
fringed with long fulvous hairs at apex.

@?. Ventral segments broadly viridi- or nigro-cyaneo-
fasciate, terminal dorsal segment black and fringed with
long black hairs at apex.

Hab. Asyssinta (Raffray: Mus. Genoa, Mus. Oxon., and
ex coll. Sharp).

There are a pair of this species in the Genoa Museum, a
pair in the British Museum (ea coll. Sharp), and a 9 in the
Oxford Museum. Four of these specimens have the head and
prothorax brilliant metallic green or bluish-green and the

African and Asiatic Species of Melyris. 207

elytra violaceous or greenish violaceous; the fifth has the elytra
ereen, the head golden-green, and the prothorax golden-
cupreous. In general shape J. festiva is broader than
M. pectoralis ; the prothorax is strongly transverse, much
narrowed anteriorly, and more finely punctured on the dise
(thus appearing smoother, as shown in Reiche’s figures); and
the ventral segments are differently coloured in the two sexes,
as in M. parallela. he tarsal claws are extremely long and
sharply toothed towards the apex.

64. Melyris fulvipes.

Melyris fulvipes, Reiche, in Ferret and Galinier’s Voyage Abyssin.,
Ins. p. 294, t. 18. figs. 3, 3@ (1849) [nee Klug]!; Gorh. Ann, Mus.
Genova, xviii. p. 600 (1883) ?.

&. Ventral segment 5 feebly emarginate, unimpressed,
6 bifoveate.

Hab. Asysstnta! (Mus. Brit., Mus. Oxon.), woody district
from Goundet to Adoua’ (Raffray, in Mus. Genoa) ; Souvan,
Metammeh (P. Magretti, in Mus. Genoa: 22. iii. 1883).

Of this species there are nme specimens before me—seven
from Abyssinia and two from the Soudan. They are green,
golden-green, or ceruleous in colour, above and beneath,
with the legs and the basal joints of the antennze testaceous ;
the head is comparatively narrow ; the prothorax is rather
elongate, subconical, and has an almost straight lateral
carina; the elytral cost are almost obsolete, being only
just traceable, the interspaces quadriseriate-punctate ; and
the tarsal claws are sharply toothed beyond the middle.
The wholly green under surface separates M. fulvipes, Reiche,
from M. bicolor, versicolor, and klugi.

N. African, Mediterranean, and Asiatic Forms.

a. Ventral segments 3-5 of $ without linear depressed areas.
a, Prothorax and elytra metallic, abdomen and legs
testaceous. ]
a2. Metasternum testaceous ; joint 1 of intermediate, or
of intermediate and posterior, tarsidentiform ing. Nos. 65, 66.
}?. Metasternum fulvous or metallic ; tarsisimpleing. Nos, 67, 68,
b. Prothorax, under surface, and legs rufescent, elytra
metallic: ory lla ee. ca ere vig oral siel Sites cates okty aan =) 4s Nos. 69-71.
b. Ventral segments 3-5 of ¢ with linear, depressed, ciliate
areasin gd. [ZyaiA,s. str.] ;
ce’, Prothorax, elytra, and metasternum metallic, abdo-
mien testaceOUS ...c seers eeee Gore Wong t ceonoe
d'. Prothorax and elytra metallic, under surface testaceous No. 73.
e', Prothorax and under surface testaceous,elytra metallic No. 74.
ft, Prothorax, elytra, and under surface testaceous ; head
rostrate...... epee Bins eA < duets Serato ait stench

208 Mr. G. C. Champion on the

65. Melyris klugi.
Zyyia klugi, Baudi, Berl. ent. Zeitschr. 1878, p. 315 (¢)'; Schilsky,
Kaf. Europ. xxxiv. No. 91 (¢ 2) (1897)*.
Melyris bicolor, Gorh. Ann, Mus. Genova, xviii. p. 600 (1883) (nee
Tabr.) °.
Melyris fulvipes, Klug, in litt. (nec Reiche).

3. Anterior and intermediate trochanters each with a
matted pencil of stiff fuscous hairs at the base beneath;
intermediate tibie feebly curved ; intermediate tarsi (fig. 5)
with a slender sharp spur near the base of the first joint
beneath; ventral segment 5 transversely excavate in the
ceutre, broadly hollowed at the apex, 6 smoother, short, exca-
vate on each side of the convex median portion, narrowly
notched at tip; median lobe of azdeagus slightly curved and
gradually narrowed distally, the apex blunt ; tegmen set
with pallid hairs at tip.

Fig. 5.

Melyris klugi, Baudi, 3.

?. Antenne shorter than in ¢; coxe and tarsi simple ;
ventral segment 5 hollowed down the middle, 6 cleft, black.

Var.? The metasternum metallic (¢ ¢).

Hab. Arasia'** (Mus. Oxon.), Aden, Lahej, Jeddah, El
Hedjaz, Yemen, Muscat (Mus. Brit., Mus. Genoa), La Ache
[?=Lahej| (Dabbene, in Mus. Oxon.); Somauitanp, Artic
(Mus. Genoa); Asyssinia?? (Raffray, in Mus. Brit.), Scioa
[Shoa], Massaua (Mus. Genoa) ; ? Eayrr 23.

A common insect on the Arabian border of the Red Sea,
extending to Somaliland and Abyssinia, the sexes being in
about equal numbers in the fifty examples of it in the
British Museum. Baudi and Schilsky distinguished M. klugi
from the similarly coloured M., bicolor, Fabr., from Egypt,
&c., by the non-plicate ventral segments 3-5 in g (these
segments in the ¢ ¢ of M. bicolor, versicolor, oblonga, and
rostrata having a transverse, linear, flavo-ciliate fold or
depression on each side) ; but they overlooked the spur on

African and Asiatic Species of Melyris. 209

the basal joint of the intermediate tarsi in that sex. The
present species may be known by its shining blue or green
upper surface, the rufo-testaceous labrum, basal half of
antenne, under surface (the meso- and metathoracic
episterna wholly or in part excepted *), and legs (the tips
of the tarsi excepted); the shghtly rounded sides of the pro-
thorax, which is suleate down the middle and has a sharp,
almost straight lateral carina; the posteriorly attenuate,
sharply tricostate elytra (the outer ridge sometimes abbre-
viated posteriorly), with four or five irregular rows of fine
punctures in the interspaces; and the very long tarsal claws,
which are toothed near the tip. The ¢-characters are
remarkable. Two examples labelled “ Arabia,” in the
British Museum, with the metasternum metallic, seem to

belong here.

66. Melyris bicalcarata, sp. u.

Elongate, rather convex, shining ; blue or bluish-green,
the under surface and legs (except the tarsal claws in g
aud the tarsi wholly in ?, which are infuscate or black),
and the basal 4 or 5 joints of the antennz, rufo-testaceous,
the outer joits of the latter black; sparsely pubescent,
the hairs on the under surface longer, those at the tip
of the abdomen very long, fulvous. Head short, coarsely,

Fig. 6. Fig. 7.

Melyris bicalcurata, 3: 6, intermediate tarsus ; 7, posterior tarsus,

closely umbilicate-punctate ; antenne short. Prothorax
transverse, gradually arcuately narrowing from near the
base, the hind angles somewhat obtuse, the lateral carina
very sharp and feebly sinuate; rather coarsely, not very
closely punctate, sulcate down the middle and foveate
in the centre at the base. Hlytra much wider than the
prothorax, long; sharply tricostate, the interspaces with
about four rows of confluent, moderately coarse punctures,

* Schilsky’s var. 6, dubia, has the metathoracic episterna rufescent.

210 Mr. G. C. Champion on the

the inferior margin feebly crenulate. Tarsal claws very
long, feebly toothed near the tip. Trochanters each with a
small tuft of long bristly hairs at the base bencath in both
SCXCS.

&. Intermediate (fig. 6) and posterior tarsi (fig. 7) with
the basal joint drawn out into a long, stout, curved spur at
the apex beneath, 2 oblique; ventral segment 5 with a
transverse arcuate depression in front of the apical emar-
gination, 6 short, not arched at the tip; median lobe of
edeagus blunt at the apex.

Length 7-9, breadth 8-32 mm. (¢ ?.)

Hab. Anais, Lahej (Col. Yerbury: 3), El Hedjaz and
Yemen (Millingen: 3 2).

Three males and two females. Extremely hike M. klugi,
and occurring at the same localities, but separable therefrom
by the very coarsely punctured head and the apically pro-
duced, spur-like basal joint of the middle and hind tarsiin @.
The insect provisionally identified as M. (Zygia) notaticollis,
Pic, type from Obock, has very similar tarsal characters.

67. Melyris cucullata, sp. n.

¢. Elongate, moderately shining, the elytra dull; bluish-
green, the lower surface (including the sternal side pieces),
joints 1-5 of the antenne, and legs (the black tarsi excepted)
rufo-testaceous, the rest of the antenne black; very finely
pubescent, the lower surface with longer pallid hairs, the
abdomen with long black hairs at the tip. Head short,
coarsely umbilicate-punctate; antennz somewhat loosely
articulated. Prothorax slightly flattened on the disc, a little
broader than long, trapezoidal, the sides crenulate, sinuate
towards the base, the hind angles sharp and directed out-
ward ; alutaceous and rather sparsely punctured, canalicu-
late, the Jateral carina sharp, sinuate, the anterior margin
strongly raised. Hlytra long, subparallel, much wider than
the prothorax ; tricostate, the iuterspaces rugulose, with
about four rows of rather fine punctures. ‘Trochanters each
with a long, coarse, blackish seta. ‘'Tarsi simple, the claws
long, toothed near the tip. Ventral segment 5 broadly
hollowed at apex, 6 excavate on each side of the convex
median portion, triangularly emarginate at tip, the pointed
apex of the median lobe of the edeagus visible in the aperture.

Length 81, breadth 35 mm.

Hab. Arasia, Yemen (Millingen).

Qne male. This insect has the general shape of the

African and Asiatic Species of Melyris. 211

Abyssinian J/. pectoralis and quadricollis, differing from
both of them in the wholly fulvous under surface, and the
sparsely punctured prothorax, with outwardly-directed hind
angles and very strongly raised anterior margin. The more
elongate form, the less convex, differently shaped prothorax,
simple ¢ -tarsi, &c., separate the present species from M, klugi
and bicalcarata.

68. Melyris cyanopectus, sp. n.

g. Oblong-oval, rather broad, cyaneous or bluish-green,
the legs and abdomen (the tarsi wholly or in part, and the
sixth ventral segment in ?, excepted), and joints 1-5 of
the antenne, rufo-testaceous, the outer joints of the latter
black ; sparsely, finely pubescent, the hairs on the entire
under surface rather long and flavescent, the» abdomen
fringed with long hairs at the tip, which are fulvous in ¢
and black in ¢. Head small, short, coarsely, closely punc-
tate; antenne short. Prothorax convex, strongly transverse,
rounded at the sides anteriorly, suleate down the middle,
and with a sharp, feebly sinuate lateral carina ; the punctur-
ing sparse on the disc, coarser, closer, and reticulate at the
sides. Elytra broad, subparallel in ¢, somewhat rounded
at the sides in ¢?; sharply tricostate, the interspaces with
four rows of moderately coarse punctures, the lateral
margins slightly explanate, crenulate at the apex inferiorly.
Tarsi simple in the two sexes, the claws long, toothed near
the tip.

9. Ventral segment 5 broadly, feebly, arcuate-emarginate,
6 narrowly exposed, emarginate at apex; median lobe of
eedeagus stout, rounded at tip.

Length 73-84, breadth 33-4 mm. (¢ 9.)

Hab. Anasta, Lahej (Col. Yerbury, in Mus. Brit.: 3),
Yemen and La Ache (Dabbene, in Mus. Genoa, iv. 1884: 3 2).

Two males and five females, including a pair taken “in
copula” by Dabbene. Broader and less parallel-sided than
M. klugi, bicalcarata, and M., bicolor, especially in ¢ ; the
head coarsely punctured, the prothorax more transverse,
the elytra with the lateral margins more prominent and the
coste sharper, the metasternum blue, the tarsi simple in
the two sexes. The sharply costate, more coarsely punctured
elytra, the coarsely punctate head, and the simple ventral
segments 3-5 of ¢, separate M. cyanopectus from M. versi-
color, Chevr. The localities quoted as “‘ Lahej” and ‘ La
Ache” are doubtless different spellings of the same name,

212 Mr. G. C. Champion on the

69. Melyris scutellaris.
Zygia scutellaris, Muls. Mém. Acad. Lyon, i. p. 190 (1851)'; Opuse.
Ent. i. p.50 (1852); Schilsky, Kaf. Europ.xxxiv. No. 95 ( 2 ) (1897)*.

Melyris sp.?, Champ. Ent. Mo, Mag. 1. p. 78 (1914) *.

3. Ventral segments 8-5 without linear folds, 5 foveate
in the middle, 5 feebly, and 6 deeply, emarginate, 6 bi-
impressed.

Hab. AucErtA, Biskra, Boghar; Tunista, Tozeur* (G.C.C.).

A ¢ captured at Tozeur in May 1913, a locality to the
south-east of Biskra, is almost certainly a form of this
species. It has a bright red scutellum and wholly black,
sharply tricostate elytra; the tarsal claws moderately long
and feebly toothed at about the middle, as in Zygia oblonga,
F., the tooth being placed near the tip in the similarly-
coloured insect here referred to Al. (Zygia) notaticollis, Pic.
A pair in the Oxford Museum, labelled “ Zygia oblonga,”
without locality, from which the above-noted ¢ -characters
are taken, must also belong here; they have blue elytra and
the head testaceous in front; the tarsi, unfortunately, are
wanting in the g. The female only of Z. scutellaris appears
to have been seen by Mulsant and Schilsky.

70. Melyris notaticollis.
? Zygia notaticollis, Pic, L’Echange, xxi. p. 130 (1905).

3. Intermediate and posterior tarsi with the basal joint
drawn out into a sharp curved spur at the apex beneath ;
ventral segments 3-5 without linear folds, 5 foveate in the
middle, feebly emarginate at apex, 6 bi-impressed and
deeply emarginate ; median lobe of wdeagus rather broad,
subtruncate at tip.

Hab. N.B. Arrica, Obock in French Somaliland (type of
Pie).

A male without locality-label, received many years ago by
the British Museum, is referred to this species. It is very
hke Zygia oblonga, F., but differs from the same sex of that
species in wanting the ciliate linear folds on the ventral
segments 3-5, and in haying the basal joint of the inter-
mediate and posterior tarsi dentiform, as in the same sex of
the Arabian M. bicalearata. This species has the front
of the head, the antennee to near the tip, the prothorax (an
oblong infuscate patch on the posterior part of the dise
excepted), scutellum, legs, and under surface testaceous,
the rest of the head black, and the elytra nigro-ceruleous ;
the prothorax transversely subquadrate, and less narrowed

African and Asiatic Species of Melyris. 213

in front than in Z. ob/onga ; the elytra more sharply costate
than in the last-named insect; the tarsal claws very long
and feebly toothed near the tip.

71. Melyris erythrodera, sp. n.

?. Elongate, rather broad, moderately shining, sparsely
pubescent ; obscure rufo-testaceous, the head, palpi, labrum,
joints 5-10 of antennze, sides of scutellum, and tips of the
tarsi black, the elytra obscure bluish-green ; the head and
prothorax punctulate and coarsely, closely reticulate. Head
and antenne short, joints 5-11 of latter broad. Prothorax
transverse, convex, rounded at the sides, narrowed anteriorly,
deeply sulcate, the lateral carina prominent and almost
straight, the hind angles obtuse. Elytra long, considerably
wider than the prothorax, subparallel, produced at the apex ;
tricostate, the interspaces closely, rather coarsely quadri-
seriate-punctate, the inferior margin crenulate. Tarsal
claws rather sharply toothed beyond the middle.

Length 93, breadth 4 mm.

Hab. Inpta, ? Barrackpore (Maj.-Gen. Sir John Hearsay).

One specimen, presented to the British Museum in 1861.
This example, according to the Register of that Institution,
is one of many insects captured by the donor, at Barrack-
pere, Mussoorie, Punjab, &c., but the exact locality for each
of them is not stated. The similarly coloured MM. (Zygia)
oblonga, F., extends to the Persian Gulf, so there can be
little doubt as to the present insect occurring in the drier
parts of India. The coarser sculpture of the prothorax and
the strongly punctured, sharply tricostate, attenuate elytra
bring WM. erythrodera near M, (Zygia) notaticollis, Pic, from
Obock ; and the carinate prothorax distinguishes it from
the species of Pseudozygia occurring in Somaliland.

72. Melyris versicolor.
Melyris versicolor, Chevy. in Guérin’s Icon, Régne Anim, p. 50! (1829-
1844),

Zygia versicolor, Schilsky, Kif. Europ. xxxiv. No. 90 (¢ 2) (1897).

Hab. Mepirerranean Region, Spain, Corsica, Sardinia,
&e.; Asta Mtnor; Syria; Ateerta ; Ecypr; Arasia.

There are about a dozen examples of M. versicolor in the
three collections before me. It is a form of A/..dicolor, F.,
with the metasternum metallic. The £-characters are
similar. The allied Zygia longicollls, Schilsky (1897), from
Turkey and Cyprus, ? only known, has the entire under
surface green.

214 Mr. G. C. Champion on the

73. Melyris bicolor.

Melyris bicolor, Fabr. Syst. Eleuth. i. p. 311 (1801)!; Baudi, Berl.
ent. Zeitschr. 1873, p. 315 ?.

Zygia bicolor, Schilsky, Kaif. Europ. xxxiv. No. 92 (¢ 2) (1897) *.
‘““M. supra ceerulescens, subtus ferrugineus. Statura omnino MV.

viridis, at minor. Caput ceerulescens. Thorax utrinque linea

elevata ccerulescens. Elytra punctata, lineis tribus elevatis

exterioribus sensim abbreviatis. Corpus cum pedibus rufum.”

(Fabr.)

¢. Basal joint of intermediate tarsi unarmed ; ventral
segments 38-5 with a transverse, oblique, fulvo-pubescent
depression on each side, 5 broadly, feebly emarginate at
apex, 6 almost smooth and without definite depressions.

Hab, Eeyrt, Cairo! (Mus. Genoa: 2); Syrta?; ARABIA,
Hedjaz (A/illingen, ex coll. Sharp: @).

M. bicolor, as restricted by Baudi and Schilsky, has the
entire under surface (the metasternal side-pieces wholly or
in part in both sexes, and the sixth ventral segment in ?,
excepted) fulvous ; the elytral costz are rather feeble, being
almost obsolete (as in J/. fulvipes, Reiche) in a ¢ from
Hedjaz in the Sharp collection. The ¢ tarsal and abdominal
characters, and the less prominent elytral coste, separate
M. bicolor from M. klugi, Baudi. There are three females
of the Fabrician insect in the Genoa Museum.

74. Melyris oblonga.

Zygia oblonga, Faby. Syst. Ent. p. 126 (1775) ; Schilsky, Kaif. Europ.
xxxiv. No. 94 (¢ 9 ) (1897).

S. Ventral segments 3-5 with a transverse, linear, flavo-
pubescent, depressed space on each side, 5 and 6 emarginate
at apex, 6 bi-impressed.

Hab. Mupirerrantéan Recton ; Atcerta: Asta Minor;
AraBia; Mesopotamia: Prrstan Guir, Fao (W. E.
Cumming : v. 1891).

A widely distributed insect, females largely preponderating
in the series examined. The elytra vary in colour—viola-
ceous, blue, or black—and the scutellum and elytral margins
are sometimes red (=var. mulsanti, Schilsky), or the epi-
pleura red (var. /tmbata, Pic). The plicate ventral segments
in g separate M. (Zygia) oblonga from all the similarly
coloured forms except M. (Zygia) reitteri, Heyd., from
Tripoli, which does not seem to be represented in the
material before me.

African and Asiatic Species of Melyris. 215

75. Melyris rostrata.

Zygia rostrata, Reiche, Ann. Soc, Ent. Fr, 1857, p. 184, t. 5. fig. 2 ;
Schilsky, Kaf. Europ. xxxiv. No. 87 (¢ 2) (1897).

3. Ventral segments 2-5 with a transverse flavo-ciliate
fold or depressed area on each side extending from near the
middle to not far from the outer margin, 5 and 6 emarginate
at apex, 6 smoother and bi-impressed.

Hab, Syria; PaEstine,

There is a long series of this species in the British Mu-
seum and several others at Oxford, some of which are from
Jerusalem. Five males seen. Recognizable by the fulvous
body and narrow, black, rostrate head, the terminal abdominal
segment in also infuscate or black. An allied narrower
form from Sinai, with the metasternum infuscate, has been
named Zygia sinaila by Pic (1913).

Section II.

Prothoracie carine wanting.

a. Prothorax convex or gibbous, red, elytra metallic. {Subgeu. Psrupo-
zYGIA, Pic. |

76. Melyris argodi.
Pseudozygia argodi, Pic, L’Hchange, xvii. p. 26 (1901).

3. Ventral segment 5 broadly, deeply emarginate, 6
obliquely excavate towards the sides, notched at the tip.

Hab. 1, Arrica, Berbera [type], Somaliland (Greenfield,
in Mus. Brit.: 3).

A male from Somaliland, received in 1894, seems to be a
variety of this species with the black portion of the legs
extending to the tarsi, tibia, and tips of the femora. It has
the prothorax broad, transversely gibbous, opaque, and
densely, shallowly reticulate ; the elytra shorter and less
acuminate than in M. (P.) rubricollis (type 2), brilliant
violaceous, the interspaces very coarsely, irregularly, trans-
versely plicate, as well as confusedly punctate, the three
cost sinuate and crenulate ; the tarsal claws feebly toothed
towards the tip.

77. Melyris cyanipennis, sp. ui.

Elongate, rather broad, convex, moderately shining, finely
pubescent ; fulvous, the head, palpi, outer joints of antenne,
sides of scutellum, tarsal claws, and terminal segment of
abdomen in 2, black, the elytra cyaneous ; the head densely,

216 Mr. G. C. Champion on the

the prothorax a little more sparsely, punctulate and reticulate ;
the abdomen fringed with long hairs at the tip. Head and
antenne short, the joints 5-11 of latter moderately widened.
Prothorax transverse, gibbous, rounded at the sides, nar-
rowed in front ; the thickened anterior margin projecting
forward over the head, the disc obsoletely grooved, the lateral
carina wanting. Elytra moderately elongate, subparallel,
very little wider than the head, rounded at the apex ; tri-
costate, the interspaces transversely wrinkled and confusedly
triseriate-punctate. Tarsal claws long, feebly toothed towards
the tip.

3g. Ventral segment 5 deeply emarginate, 6 convex along
the middle and hollowed on each side of this, notched at
the tip.

Length 8-9, breadth 35 mm. (0 2.)

Hab. E. Arnica, Somaliland (Greenfield, in Mus. Brit.).

Two males and one female, sent with a g of M. (Pseudo-
zygia) argodi from the same country, Much smaller than
that insect ; the prothorax less densely reticulate (the inter-
spaces shining), the disc rounded and less gibbous in ¢ ;
the elytral sculpture much finer; the legs almost wholly
fulvous. Compared with the much larger M. (P.) rubri-
collis, the type (2) of which from Hauacio has been lent
me by Dr. Gestro, the elytra are relatively shorter and
narrower, and have less prominent humeral callosities and
more sparsely, punctured interspaces.

b. Prothorax moderately convex, black. [*Subgen. MELYRIDELLA, n.n. |

a’, Body black or metallic.
a’, Elytra moderately long, legs in part testaceous.
[BSc Ata cat fete sisters coe siear a teee le eeu i aeleenteye nae No. 78.
b*. Hlytra very elongate, legs black. [Abyssinia] .... No. 79.
b', Body in part black, elytra, abdomen, and legs tes-
taceous. [Damaraland]............006. as oyeleloatets, HN OMOUs

78. Melyris excisa, sp. n.

9. Moderately elongate, depressed, widened posteriorly,
moderately shining, sparsely pubescent ; cyaneous, the legs
and abdomen rufescent, the tarsi slightly infuscate, the
antenneze black, the abdomen fringed with long, fine, fulvous
hairs at the tip ; the head and prothorax densely punctulate
and reticulate. Head rather small, short, bisulcate an-
teriorly, the eyes rather prominent ; antennze short, jot 5

* Includes M. grandata, F., and its N. African and Asiatic allies,

African and Asiatic Species of Melyris. 217

sharply triangular, 6-10 produced on the inner side into a
dentiform ramus, 11 concavo-truncate at the apex. Pro-
thorax strongly transverse, arcuately narrowed from the base
forward. the base itself feebly sinuate, the hind angles obtuse ;
without lateral carina or definite median groove, the margins
narrowly explanate. Elytra broader than the prothorax,
widening to near the apex, the margins explanate from a
little below the shoulder to the sutural angle, the inferior
edge crenulate throughout ; sharply tricostate, the iater-
spaces feebly transversely wrinkled, coarsely biseriate-
punctate, and each with an intermediate row of smaller
punctures, Ventral segments very sparsely, minutely punc-
tate; 5 truncate at apex, 6 depressed in the middle anteriorly.
Legs slender, comparatively short ; tarsal claws rather small,
sharply toothed near the base.

Length 43, breadth 2 mm.

Hab. 8.E. Arrica, Umfuli (G. 4. K. Marshall: ix. 1895).

One specimen. A small, oblong, depressed, metallic blue
insect, with rufescent legs and abdomen, agreeing with M.
testaceipes, Fairm. (1888), from Owampo, in wanting the
marginal carina on the prothorax, a character common to the
Palearctic M. granulata, F., and its allies. M. testaceipes,
length 7 mm., must have a longer prothorax, more rounded
elytra, &c., than the present species. M. obscuritarsis, Pic
(Col. Rundschau, i. p. 53, 1912), from the Panzani Falls,
compared with M. lineata, Fabr., by its describer, is some-
what similarly coloured ; but these forms have a laterally
carimate prothorax.

79. Melyris longipennis, sp. n.

g. Elongate, narrow, somewhat depressed, moderately
shining, the head, prothorax, and scutellum subopaque; black,
the elytra brassy green, the prothorax and under surface with
a faint bluish tinge ; fusco-pubescent, the abdomen fringed
with long blackish hairs at the tip; the head and prothorax
densely punctate and finely reticulate. Head short, small ;
antennze rather short, jots 5-10 broad. Prothorax trans-
verse, gradually narrowed from near the base, depressed
laterally aud obliquely grooved on each side of the median
sulcus, the lateral carina wanting, the hind angles obtuse.
Elytra much wider than the prothorax, elongate, subparallel,
rounded at the apex ; rather sharply tricostate, the inter-
spaces alutaceous and triseriate-punctate, the inferior margin
erenulate, Ventral segment 5 slightly hollowed at apex,

218 Mr. G. C. Champion on the

6 excavate down the middle anteriorly, truncate at the tip.
Legs long, slender; tarsal claws long, sharply toothed at
about the middle.

Length 6}, breadth 24 mm.

Hab. Asyssin1a, Scioa [Shoa], Let-Marefia (Ragazzi, in
Mus. Genoa: v. 1885).

One specimen, assumed to be g. An isolated form. with
a small, subopaque, uneven, non-carinate, black prothorax,
aud very elongate, much broader, brassy-green elytra, the
latter tricostate, with the interspaces triseriate-punctate.
This species looks out of place in the present genus, but it
agrees with M. granulata, excisa, &c., in general structure.

80. Melyris fulvipennis, sp. n.

3g. Oblong-oval, shining, thickly fulvo-pilose ; black, the
three basal joints of the antenne, the elytra and legs (the
infuscate apices of the tarsi excepted), the apical halves of
the ventral segments 1-4, and 5 almost entirely, felvous or
testaceous ; the head and prothorax densely punctulate and
reticulate. Head short ; antennz somewhat elongate, sharply
serrate from the fourth joint. Prothorax convex, rounded
at the sides, narrowed anteriorly, sulcate, without lateral
carina, the margins crenulate. Elytra moderately long,
much broader than the prothorax, conjointly rounded at the
apex; obsoletely tricostate, the interspaces closely, rather
coarsely triseriate-puinctate, the inferior margin crenulate.
Tarsal claws toothed beyond the middle.

Length 62, breadth 24 mm.

Hab. S.W. Arrica, Damaraland (Mus. Owon.).

One specimen, bought at Stevens’s sale rooms in 1865.
Easily identified by the fulvous vestiture, elytra, and legs,
and the non-carinate prothorax, the position of the carina
indicated anteriorly by a line of fulvous hairs. ‘The only
Melyris at all resembling it in colour is M. atriceps, Pic,
from Cape Colony ; the two other 8S. African members of
the genus with a similar prothorax are metallic.

Alphabetical numbered list of species of Melyris, Zygia, and
Pseudozygia enumerated in the present paper; those
marked with an asterisk are described as new.

abdominalis, 21. apicalis, 17.
albicoma, 36. argodi, 76.
alluaudi, 29. *atricornis, 44.

anceyl, n. n., 49. *aurescens, 7,

African and Astatic Species of Melyris.

bequaerti, 23.
*hicalearata, 66.
bicolor, 73.
*brevicollis, 41.
*capensis, 9.
*ciliativentris, 8.
*circumsepta, 54.
*congoensis, 16.
conicicollis, 57.
corrosa. 06.
*cucullata, 67.
*cyanipennis, 77.
*cyanopectus, 68.
*denticulata, 18.
discoidalis, 51.
elongata, 22,
*erythrodera, 71.
*excisa, 78.
festiva, 63.

*flavofemorata, 33.

*flavopectus, 27.
*foveolata, 28.
*fulvipennis, 80.
fulvipes, 64,
gestroi, 59.
*hacquardi, 39.
incompleta, 35,
insularis, 55.
*itigiensis, 38.
klugi, 65.
*leetula, 11.
*laxicornis, 2.
lemairei, 25,
limbifera, 52.
lineata, 6.
*longipennis, 79.
*luckmani, 82.
*masaiensis, 31.

mecklenburgi, 30.

natalensis, 12,
nigra, 3.
nigripes, 24,
nobilis, 37,
notaticollis, 70.
oblonga, 74.
pallidiventris, 34.
*parallela, 61.

parvula, 40.
pectoralis, 60.
*pilicollis, 58.
*piligera, 42.
pleuralis, 47.
pubescens, 5.
*quadricollis, 62.
*quinqueseriata, 15.
rostrata, 75,
rubrocincta, 55.
rufiventris, 14.
*yufomarginata, 4,
ruspolii, 50.
sansibarica, 26.
scutellaris, 69.
*serrata, 43.
subcostata, 20,
sulcicollis, 13.
*umbilicata, 19.
*uniformis, 46,
versicolor, 72.
*violacea, 10.
*virens, 46.
viridinitens, 48,
viridis, 1.

SYNONYMS AND VARIETIES.

eeruginosa, 60.
atripilosa, 56,
ciliata, 6, 8.
dubia, 65.
hemorrhoidalis, 60.
interstitialis, 13,
limbata, 74.
monticola, 29.
mulsanti, 74.
nigrita, 3.
onychina, 56.
rollei, 52.
subapicalis, 24.
*varipes, 15.
ventralis, 21.
versicolor, 49.
viridipennis, 24.
viridiventris, 37.

219

220 Dr. W, Rae Sherriffs on

XXIV.—A Contribution to the Study of South Indian
Arachnology. By W. Rat Suerrirrs, M.A., D.Sce.,
formerly Professor of Zoology, Madras Christian College,

Madras.
[ Plates IT.-VI.}

In the preface to his volume on the ‘Arachnida’ (Fauna
of British India Series) Mr. R. I. Pocock says ‘all that has
been attempted is to afford means of identifying the larger,
commoner, better known and more widely distributed
forms... It is to be hoped that the present work, by
facilitating the study of Indian spiders, will increase the
number of observers and collectors, so that at some future
time a far more complete account of these animals may
become practicable.”

These sentences were penned in 1900 and during the
intervening years no contributions have been made to this
subject, excepting quite recent papers by Dr. Gravely of
the Indian Museum, Calcutta.

Thorell in his ‘Catalogue of the Spiders of Burma’
(written in Latin) and Pocock in his ‘ Arachnida’ are
purely descriptive, their aim being solely to enable their
spiders to be identified. Simon in his vast work ‘ Histoire
naturelle des Araignées’ not only is systematic in_ his
treatment, but also gives an account of the habits and
customs of the different genera. As he deals with the spiders
of the whole world, this part of the subject-matter is neces-
sarily brief.

In the present paper the emphasis is not on the systematic
side, for the writer has attempted, for the first time in South
India, to enumerate the spiders commonly found throughout
the hills and plains, regardless of size or any other consider-
ation, definitely noting localities; also to describe their
general life, habits and associations, the nature of the webs,
their stabilimenta, and the cocoons with contained eggs.

With regard to the localities a few words of explanation
are necessary. ‘The spiders were collected during 1914-18
from three distinct regions—(1) the plains of South India
represented by Madras city and the country around for 12
wiles to the north (Ennur) and 35 miles to the south
(Chingleput), (2) the hills, principally the Nilgiris, (3)
central upcountry Ceylon. These three distinct regions
differ widely in their rainfall, and therefore in the relative
abundance of spiders throughout the year. Around Madras

South Indian Arachnology. 221

and the plains of the Carnatic the rainfall is about 50 inches
per annum ; on the Nilgiris anything from 50-160 inches,
while in the Dolosbage district of Ceylon it is 250 inches.
The reason for the prolific rainfall in Ceylon is that it gets
both the south-west and the north-east monsoons, while the
Coromandel Coast of South India receives only the north-
east which bursts at the middle of October and recurs at
intervals till January. Throughout the greater part of the
year Madras is dry—in 1911 the rainfall from 1st January
to 30th June was half an inch—and spiders are not common.
As soon as the first burst of the monsoon is past, then they
appear in large numbers and the webs of the Argiopide are
abundant.

On the Nilgiris the plateau gets both monsoons, the south-

west bursting in full force against the western slopes, while
the north-east, greatly diminished in strength, reaches the
eastern slopes. Ootacamund, towards the centre of the
plateau, receives a very little of the north-east but much
more of the south-west. On the hills with the higher rain-
fall spiders are common all the year round. The high
rainfall of Ceylon ensures a far greater abundance of spiders
at all times than can ever be found in South India—excepting
perhaps Cochin and Travancore, for there the vegetation is
really tropical and insects are numerous.
__ In the few cases where I have drawn and painted spiders,
I have done so in order to show the beautiful natural colours
which, so often being changed or totally destroyed in spirit-
specimens, have never been seen by the European authorities
to whom collections have been sent from the East. Members
of seventeen families have been discussed, but all the
Mygalomorph spiders, the Thomiside and Salticide (A ttide),
though commonly represented, I have in the present paper
deliberately omitted.

Madras,
October 24, 1918.

‘Uloboride.
Uxoporus (Latr.), 1806.

1. Uloborus geniculatus (Oliv.).

This pretty grey and white spider is cosmopolitan in the
Tropics, according to Simon, who has recorded it from Ceylon.
McCook figured the web, cf. ‘American Spiders’ (i. figs.
56,57, 163), and the cocoon 1s accurately described by Simon,
vol. i. page 213. The web is not laid horizontally, but

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. iv. 7

222 Dr. W. Rae Sherriffs on

almost vertically. The cocoon s about 7 mm. at greatest
width, has from 6-10 lobes, and contains from 14-50 eggs.
Thorell’s account of the cocoon is incorrect as regards colour
(page 127). Gravely in the ‘Records of the Indian
Museum,’ xi. pages 5383, 534, has noted the association of
Uloborids with Stegodyphus sarasinorum, Psechrus alticeps,
Cyrtophora cicatrosa, and Gasteracantha brevispina. I liave
seen U. geniculatus associated with Nephila malabarensis.
The spider is not a common one, and is never found in large
numbers. I have usually got it within outhouses.

Locality. Nawalapitiya, Ceylon (February), 3000 feet ;
Kayencolam, Travancore (July); Elliot’s Beach, Madras
(August) ; High Court compound, Madras (February) ;
Hillgrove, Nilgiris (May), 4200 feet; Ennur (September).
As I have found the cocoons present on each of these
occasions, these must be made regularly throughout the year.
The spider is thus widespread over South India, both on the
plains and also on the hills. Not previously reported from
South India. .

Psechride.
PsecHRUS (Thorell), 1878.
2. Psechrus torvus (O. P.-Camb.) (Pl. II. figs. 1, 2)

comes out in the evenings and is nocturnal. Its web is
large, of a very dense white, often projecting from under a
stone on the banks of the roadsides, and ends in a tubular
retreat within which the brown spider lurks inverted. The
web is not a true dome, cf. ‘Cambridge Natural History,’
iv. page 399, nor is it sheet-like, cf. Pocock, page 210.
Pocock’s figure, page 211, should be inverted, because the
spider aluays moves inverted below its web. The calamis-
trum is very short.

P. torvus is very difficult to secure whole because of its
very irregular and rapid movements on its web, cf. Simon,
i, page 225, The dense white web which is sometimes quite
big, as much as 2 feet at greatest length, is rivalled in its
snowy whiteness by the smaller but similarly shaped web of
the little Zschnothele dumicola (Poc.), a Dipleurid reported
from Poona by Wroughton. Both P. torvus and J. dumicola
occur together on tle road-banks of the upcountry tea estates
round Nawalapitiya, Ceylon. The web of Ischnothele is
much smaller than that of Psechrus, and differs from it in
that the tubular retreat spreads out to form the snare as an
expanded sheet, upon whicti the spider moves after its victim.

South Indian Arachnology. 223

Locality. Nawalapitiya, Ceylon (February—May), 3000
feet. P. torvus (O. P.-C.) belongs to Ceylon; P. argentatus
(Dol.) is Malayan, while P. alticeps (Poc.) is reported by
Gravely from Cochin, ‘

(cobiide.
Cicosius (Luc.), 1845.
3. Cicobius sp. ?

_ Quite recently, while on the hills, I found several spiders
belonging to this group (family), which has only the single
genus Cicobius. These of both sexes were taken while
running actively on the outside wall of the house or from the
corners of the inside walls of the bath-room, They are small
spiders (2 mm. long) and prettily marked with black on a
pale ground. The cephalothorax dorsally edged with black,
the ocular area is blackish, while the abdomen dorsally is
black in front and elsewhere spotted in black. In the species
now mentioned the eyes are of the usual type characteristic
of the family, but in arrangement they are intermediate
between the annulipes and concinnus groups mentioned by
Simon (i. page 247).

Locality. Coonoor, Nilgiris (April-May). Probably here
first reported from India.

Ereside.
STEGODYPHUS (Sim.), 1873.

4, Stegodyphus sarasinorum (Karsch)

is the common social spider found throughout South India.
Mr, N. 8. Jambunathan thirteen years ago published an
account of it in the ‘ Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections.’
This spider is found both in the plains and on the hills and
always on bushes round the end branches where the colony is
built. Opuntia on the plains and Dodonea and Berberis on
the hills are often found bearing the web-masses, but the
spider builds quite readily on the netting round tennis-courts.
These web-masses are easily recognized yards away and are
often several feet above the ground. Centrally the web-mass
forms a spindle, about 6” x 4!’ at the widest part, which is
well aerated by many holes. Many threads, which are strong
and viscid, connect up this spindle to the neighbouring
branches. Jambunathan gives 40-100 as the number of
spiders found within one spindle. I have not found many
17

2294 Dr. W. Rae Sherriffs on

above seventy. The web-mass has no definite architectural
plan, and is very dirty and dusty and covered with the
remains of victims, ¢f. flies, beetles, bugs, ants, grasshoppers,
and dragonflies.

The male is almost as large as the female. Both sexes are
very inert when captured, and lie quite still if touched. ‘They
work only during the darkness.

The web-mass or central spindle is the ‘‘large saccular
nest’? mentioned by Pocock. Many cocoons are present
within the spindle, each measuring 6 mm. in diameter, as
Jambunathan has already noted. The cocoons are white,
densely spun and irregularly circular in outline, disc-shaped,
and of one piece, which bursts in the middle when the young
emerge. The number of eggs enclosed varies from 30-50
almost. Gravely, in Rec. Ind. Mus. xi. plate 30, shows
the nature of the web in detail.

S. sarasinorum is tending to become a pest of tea in the
Nilgiris, because the web-mass is woven closely round the
tips of the branches of the tea-bushes, preventing the buds
from developing and the tender leaves, gathered for tea-
making, from forming.

A planting friend who sent me the spiders had them
named ‘Tea Mealy Bug.”? He later sent me two cuttings
of branches with the web-masses representing spiders from
three bushes, 165 spiders in all, 128 ? , 86g, and 57 cocoons.
Jambunathan gives the proportion of the sexes as g:9::
7:1, but my result yields $:9::1:3 roughly, with the
2 much more numerous than the ¢, as they always are. In
the case now cited, 2 acres out of a 9-acre block were affected
at a level of 4000 feet, and as the tea-bushes were planted
2500 to the acre the number of spiders present must have
been very great. Since the growth of the colonies is not
rapid and the spiders can easily be removed by hand and
destroyed, there does not seem any likelihood of the spider
ever becoming a serious pest, unless sheer neglect allows
Stegodyphus to get a firm hold. Stegodyphus sarasinorum is
is the only spider I have met with as yet that can be con-
sidered of economic importance.

Locality. Madras city ; Chingleput; Pamban (April),
the desert, sandy region in the extreme south next Ceylon.
Within Madras it is found throughout the year and so
probably for the whole of South India. Kotagiri (6000 feet)
and Hillgrove (4000 feet) on the Nilgiris (April-July) ;
Ennur (September). At the end of September, while
ascending the Nilgiri Mountain Railway, I saw from the
train the web-masses of S. sarasinorum at Kolar Station

South Indian Arachnology. 225

(1250 feet), near Adderley Station (2398 feet), and ‘again
near Hillgrove Station (3580 feet), but not above this level.
These are the lower parts of the great Coonoor Ghaut.

5. Stegodyphus socialis (Poc.), *

An allied species has been reported from Bangalore by
Staunton. It is found on the Casuarina trees on Elliot’s
Beach, just south of Madras city.

Sicariide.

Representatives of the genera Lowosceles and Scytodes are
both found in South India, but are not common.

Loxoscees (Lowe), 1831.

6. Loxosceles erythrocephala (C. L. Koch)

I have got as a house-spider, found at the bottom of a big
glass vase within a cupboard. It was living on an irregular
web covering the bottom of the vase and bearing remains of
the victims.

7. Lowosceles sp. ?

A pair were found beneath a heavy box on the verandah
among dust associating with Chelifers.

Lowosceles is not reported from the Kast by Simon, cf, i.
p- 273, but by Thorell, ¢f. p. 68.

Locality. Madras city, all the year round within houses.

ScyTopes (Latr.), 1804, ;
8. Scytodes gilva (Dictis gilva), Thor.

Also met with as a house-spider, slender with long legs
black at the joints. Web consists of a very irregular mass
of threads. Both Lowosceles and Scytodes are nocturnal
only.

Locality. Madras city within bungalows all the year
round,

These genera are probably found only on the plains. I
have seen none on the hills.

S. marmoratw (C. L. Koch) and 8, pallida (Dol.) are
Malayan. The latter lives within curled up leaves after the
manner of Clubionids and Theridiids, cf. Sim. i. p. 276.
Such Theridiids and Clubionids are common here on the

226 Dr. W. Rae Sherriffs on

Beach on the bushes there, but I have not yet found Seytodes
living in this fashion. S$. wndtvittata (Sim.) is recorded
from India.

Prodidomide.
ZiMIRIS (Sim.), 1882.
9. Zimiris doriai ?

A very delicate, small, nocturnal spider, found always at
night running on the walls of rooms within the bungalow.
Entirely a house-spider and not at all common. Found often
behind pictures on the walls, the web being just a few
irregular threads on the back of the picture. Pair found
together there, and as the male is said by Simon (i. p. 335)
to be unknown, I give the following description :—

3. 2mm. long; colours very much as in ¢ ; legs yellow
and smooth; abdomen all round in front furnished with
short silvery hairs, which contrast with the grey colour of
the abdomen itself. Spinnerets long and very much as
in 93 cephalothorax yellow-brown dorsally and quite
smooth ; palps robust and the palpal organ brown where the
chitin is thick. As might be expected, the palpal organ
greatly resembles that found in Prodidomus, cf. Simon,
i. p. 335.

- caught running swiftly on the wall. When pursued it
jumps like an Attid. When alive the colours are pale
yellow, except the coxee, which are clear and almost trans-
parent ; head and sternum clear ; abdomen light grey ; dark
parts are the palpal organs, spinnerets, and feet, while the
pair of front eyes are the darkest of all. Leg-span when at
rest about 7 mm., almost twice this when extended.

Simon records only one-species from India, but does not
give its name. Presumably it is this one.

Locality. Madras city only, all the year round. Not
obtained on the hills. Probably it is found throughout
the plains.

Drasside.

Of this very large and difficult family I have met with
only two members: Drassodes lapidosus (or one of that
group) sent me from Palghat and Leptodrassus sp.? from
within Madras city.

South Indian Arachnology. 227

Drassopes (Westr.), 1851.

10. Drassodes lapidosus (Walck.)

is taken by Simon as the type of his first group, of.
i, p. 359. My specimen agrees with the description there
given and may be D. Japidosus itself, which is reported by
Simon from Central and Eastern Asia. The eyes in my
specimen are exactly as figured by Simon in fig. 319, which
gives the arrangement for D. lapidosus. As the specimen
was sent me among others I have no idea as to where it was
found and when.

Locality. Palghat (June).

LEPTODRASSUS (Sim.), 1878.

11. Leptodrassus sp. ?

agrees with Simon’s description (i. p. 363) and with his
figure of the eyes for Leptodrassus femineus (i. p. 355). The
teeth on the chelicera are two in number also. The only
specimens I have got were all found within white woolly
tufts of silk under the ledges of the old lighthouse in the
High Court compound, Madras. ‘hese spiders associate
very closely with certain Attids. For, if the white mass be
touched, usually the Attids emerge first and jump off, while
the Drassid remains within its hollow.
Locality. Madras city, all the year round.

Zodariida.
CrYPTOTHELE (C. L. Koch), 1872.

12. Cryptothele ceylonica (Camb.)

was found along with a Theridiid whose irregular web
was over a few dried leaves, on which the Theridiid was
resting beside her cocoon. Cryptothele was the exact colour
of the withered leaves.

Locality. Nawalapitiya, Ceylon (March).
Hersiliida,
HERSILIA (Sav.), 1827.
13. Hersilia savignyt (Luc.).

The only member of this family I have come across is
Hersilia savignyt (Luc.), which is common in Madras.

228 Dr. W. Rae Sherriffs on

Simon (i. p. 445) states that Herstlia does not spin a web.
Pocock (p. 240), however, is correct in saying Hersiliids spin
at most a scanty web of irregular threads. I have seen
Hl. savignyi, which is always found on tree-trunks, in the
centre of a small circular web formed of very few threads
with wide meshes,

H, savignyi is extremely variable in colour, and it usually,
but by no means always, resembles very much in colour the
tree-trunk on which it is resting. Frequently you do not
notice the spider till it moves. It varies from fawn to almost
black, and | have seen on the same trunk at the same time
both shades, the one practically invisible and the other
extraordinarily conspicuous.

Locality. Madras city, all the year round. Also from
Carolina, Nilgiris, at 5600 feet. Not nearly so common on
the hills as on the plains.

Pholcide.
The three well-known species described by Pocock (pp.

238-240) are common spiders. Artema atlanta, Smeringopus
elongatus, and Crossopriza lyoni are all present in South India
as ordinary house-spiders.

ARTEMA (Walck.), 1837.
14. Artema atlanta (Walck.)

has the well-known. habit of swinging up and down very
rapidly on its web when disturbed, probably to render itself
less visible. Simon notes that the number of eggs is never
considerable, but, though the usual number seems to be
about 50, I have found close on 150.

Locality. Madras city.

SMERINGOPUS (Sim.), 1890.
15. Smeringopus elongatus (Vinson). -

The female was found carrying as usual her cocoon in her
mandibles. The cocoon contained 76 eggs. The pair were
taken from the same web and lived together captives in the
same bottle for ovet a week. I have seen this spider in the
position depicted by Simon for Mecolesthus (fig. 439).

Locality. Madras city (August); Nawalapitiya, Ceylon
(April).

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South Indian Arachnology.

CROSSOPRIZA (Sim.), 1893.
(16. Crossopriza lyont (Black.).

Its web has sometimes a conical hollow, within which the
spider rests inverted.

All the three Pholcids are common either within houses or
outside in the open, where they shelter under rocks or under
the ledges of buildings. They are not at all common on
the hills.

Locality. Madras city (February-August).

Theridiide.
ARGYRODES (Sim.), 1864.

The genus Argyrodes includes species usually considered
parasitic on the webs of other spiders. These spiders are
not really parasitic, but are commensals living at the same
table as that of the much bigger Argiopid and securing frag-
ments of its food. Argyrode sargentatus, A. fissifrons, and
A. argyrodes are found.

17. Argyrodes argentatus (Camb.)

are small silvery-backed spiders usually found on a few
threads of their own at the back of the big web of an
Argiopid. Argyrodes is most frequently got on the webs of
Argiope, but also on those of Gasteracantha, Tetragnatha,
Araneus, and Cyrtophora, The cocoon is very characteristic
in shape and is always attached to withered stems some
distance away from the big web.

Locality. Madras city : common on webs on the trees of
the Beach during the monsoon (October-—January).

18. Argyrodes fissifrons (O. P.-Camb.).

Small red and white spiders with black legs, all from
threads attached to the large web of Nephila malabarensis.

Locality. Nawalapitiya, Ceylon.

This species is said by Simon to be widespread in India
and Malaysia, but I have seen it only in Ceylon.

Argyrodes argyrodes is also reported by Simon (i. p. 501)
to be common on the web of Cyrtophora citricola, but as yet
I have seen neither of these.

230 Dr. W. Rae Sherriffs on

19. Argyrodes nigra (O. P.-Camb.) = Theridion nigrum
(O. P.-Camb.) = Theridion oxyurum (Thor.).

A very small black spider with yellow legs, found without
any web on the back of a convolvulus-leaf; very slow-
moving, with the tips of the abdomen upturned ; accompanied
on the same leaf by many small black ants which it
closely resembled.

Locality. Nawalapitiya, Ceylon.

Argyrodes nigra 1s not an Argyrodes, but a Theridion.
It is not a commensal like the others, both sexes of which
are found together on the same big web.

THERIDION (Walck.), 1805.

Theridion is a large genus represented by the following
common ‘species.

20. Theridion mundulum (C. L. Koch) = 7. amawnum (Thor.).

A very pretty little spider which I have found common on
the Nilgiris with its very irregular web, near the centre of
which is a withered leaf, below or within which the spider
shelters itself.

Locality. Kotagiri, Nilgiris (6000 feet) ; Madras Beach.
21. Theridion rufipes (Luc.)

is found indoors, sheltering in the corners of bath-rooms.
The pair are got together within the same small irregular
web.

Locality. Nawalapitiya, Ceylon; Kayencolam, Tra-
vancore.

22. Theridion tepidariorum (C. L. Koch).

Found within doors in corners of store-room, but also out-
side in the open.

Locality. Nawalapitiya, Ceylon; Kotagiri, Nilgiris ;
Madras city.

These three species (7. mundulum, T. rufipes, and T’. tepi-
dariorum) are noted by Simon as having almost a worldwide
distribution throughout the Tropics.

ARIAMNES (Thor.), 1869.
23. Ariamnes sp.?

I possess two specimens of an Artamnes from Madras.
One is a male and 4 mm. long. It may be A. gracillimus

South Indian Arachnology. 231

(Thor.), described by Thorell from Burma, It is a very
small delicate spider found on the bushes. The second is a
female, but does not at all agree in proportions with Simon’s
illustration of the female of A. flagellum, cf. i. p. 498. It is
only 4 mm. long also.

Argiopide.
This huge family includes the numerous orb-weavers

(Epeiride).
‘TETRAGNATHA (Latr.), 1804.

24, Tetragnatha gracilis (Stol.).

The small orb-web is said by Pocock to be always found
over water, but this is not the case, for the spider and its
web are often far from water, in such places as the wire-
netting of the tennis court, doors of the bungalow, hedges,
and bushes well away from water, as on the dry sandy beach
of Madras. - 7. gracilis seems specially fond of making its
web on the withered branches of spiky bushes. It is the
smallest species mentioned by Pocock. The cocoon is a long,
irregular, dark grey mass like a Rupert’s drop in shape and
is always attached to a withered branch. It is 30 mm. long
and contained in the one examined 12 young spiders.

Locality. Madras city; Nilgiris at Kotagiri; Madras
Beach.

25. Tetragnatha geniculata (Karscl.)

makes its big web always at sundown: the biggest of the
three species mentioned by Pocock. Found on the hills with
big webs over running water.

Locality. Madras Beach ; Pykara, Nilgiris.

26. Tetragnatha hasselti, var. birmanica (Thor.).

Found on the bushes on the Beach associated with
LT. geniculata.

27. Tetragnatha mandibulata (Walck.).

Found on a bush overhanging a well. 9 laid 250 eggs
within the test-tube the same night on which she was taken.
Eggs within a central mass with diameter 6 mm. covered by
light grey silk.

Locality. Madras city, Madras Beach; Coonoor, Nilgiris
(5600 feet).

932 Dr. W. Rae Sherriffs on

28. Tetragnatha sp. ?

The commonest Tetragnathid I have discovered is one from
Madras Beach. It greatly resembles 7. geniculata, but the
jaws differ. Hach mandible has at its junction with the fang
a large spine projecting straight in front.

The webs of Tetragnatha never have a stabilimentum.

Evucta (Sim.), 1881.
29. Hucta sp. ?

Associated with the Tetragnathids from the Madras Beach
are found specimens of a Hucta, which builds its big orb-web
at sundown also. It is easily recognized not by its shape
and coloration, but by the slightly upturned long tip of the
abdomen. ‘This species is probably Hucta caudicula (Karsch)
reported from India by Simon, who, however, also records
E. isidis which is common to Egypt as well as to India.

The web of Hucta has no stabilimentum,

OrsINOME (Thor.), 1890.
30. Orsinome marmorea (Poc.).

This spider I have met only once on the hills, where I
was lucky enough to secure both sexes together. Simon
(i. p. 733) remarks that he has no notes regarding its habits.
The spiders are big (15 mm. ¢, 10 mm. g) and were found
with their large orb-webs slung between bushes horizontally
over swiftly running water. Hach spider was at the centre
of the web hanging inverted and almost touching the quickly
flowing current. There is no stabilimentum on the web,
which is almost a yard wide. Both sexes were thus found
at noon on a dull misty day. Gravely has found them on
the Cochin Ghauts at 1500 feet.. At the same spot I found
closely associated Tetragnatha geniculata, Araneus mitratus,
one Argiope, and Cyclosa sp. ‘The big webs of Orsinome
and of Tetragnatha geniculata were spun horizontally over
the water a distance of one yard. Ovrsinome hung lowest
next the stream, then 7. geniculata. Above were the ver-
tically placed webs of A. mitratus with the characteristic
white stabilimentum, above these again the vertical webs of
the Argiope, with those of Cyclosa at the top. All the webs
depended from bushes growing at the water side.

In appearance the sexes of Orsinome greatly resemble each
other in colour, the colours being much duller than in
Leucauge. The 3 Orsinome is almost as big as the ?.

Locality. Pykara Falls, Nilgiris (6000 ft.).

South Indian Arachnology. 233

LEUCAUGE (White), 1841.
Leucauge= Argyroepeira (Him.), 1884.
31. Leucauge celebesiana (Walck.).

Very common on its orb-web on almost any bush on the
Nilgiris; web slung horizontally between the branches or
bushes, the spider hanging inverted below the centre of
the web.

Locality. Madras city ; Nawalapitiya, Ceylon; Coonoor
and Kotagiri, Nilgiris.

32, Leucauge ditissima (Thor.).

I have specimens resembling this species very much, but
they have, when alive, on the abdomen three brilliant red
dots which turn silvery after being kept in spirit. There is
a pair of shoulder prominences.

Locality. Peradeniya, Ceylon ; Kotagiri. This species I
have not found on the plains.

33. Leucauge argentata (O. P.-Camb.).

Found on orb-web like that of ZL. celebestana.
Locality. Madras city ; Kotagiri, Nilgiris. Not pre-
viously reported from South India.

34. Leucauge ventralis (Thor.).

Spider with long fore-legs stretched out in front, g and 9
found resting on a twig of a tea-bush to which came a thread
from the orb-web close by, stretched out below and between
tea-bushes. The cephalothorax and legs in the living speci-
men are bright green.

Locality. Dolosbage, Ceylon; Carolina, Nilgiris (5600 feet) ;

previously reported from Burma only.

35. Leucauge (Callinethis) elegans (Thor.) = Argyroepeira
fastigata (Sim).

Found on large orb-web between tea-bushes. ¢ laid eggs
in the specimen-tube the day after her capture. There
were 890 eggs within the cocoon, This species is easily
recognized by the last pair of legs having a characteristic
bushy pad of hairs on the distal half of each tibia. The
fleecy cocoon measures 14 mm. and 5 mm, at greatest axes.
The silk is yellowish.

234 Dr. W. Rae Sherriffs on
Locality. Dolosbage, Ceylon (3000 feet).

In no case has the web of a Leucauge any stabilimentum.
LL, celebesiana is by far the commonest species.

36. I have also specimens of a small, beautifully silvery
Leucauge. Both the g and 2 were taken together from the
centre of a small orb-web on the eaves of an outhouse.
The 2? has the abdomen dorsally beautifully marked in
silver with a median line of chocolate-brown marks. ¢
much more slender and not so silvery.

Locality. Dolosbage, Ceylon ; Coonoor, Nilgiris. I have
not met with this species on the plains.

NEpPHILA (Leach), 1815.
37. Nephila (Nephilengys) malabarensis (Walck.).

Webs big and very irregular. Spider remains in a corner
of the window in a tubular retreat of the web, resting here
inverted during the day. ‘Two varieties found, one much
darker than the other in colour and very closely resembling
N. cruentatus (Fabr.) from Johannesburg.

The compact egg-mass measures 19 x 11x19 mm. and is
roughly egg-shaped. It shows very clearly through the
loosely made outer wrapper of strong fibres. Total size of
the fibrous cocoon is 30X16 mm. at greatest diameter’.
Number of eggs enclosed was 618, and the whole cocoon was
attached to a withered leaf which had blown on to the web,
which was on the outside of the bungalow window well up to
the top of the glass panes.

Argyrodes fissifrons was found commensal on this web.
These small red and white spiders with black legs greatly
resemble the tiny males of VV. malabarensis in size, shape, and
colour, and probably benefit thereby. Many long, slender,
black Cyclosa sp. were on their own webs close to the big one
of N. malabarensis, while Uloborus geniculatus was also
present on its own webs in the corners of the windows close
to the big web.

Locality. Dolosbage and Peradeniya Gardens, Ceylon.

.

38. Nephila maculata (Fabr.).

Got on its large orb-web on the roof of the verandah. A
large, very handsome spider, but not so strikingly coloured as
N. malabarensis.

Locality. Dolosbage, Ceylon.

The webs of Nephila have no stabilimentum present.

South Indian Arachnology. 235

HERENNIA (Thor.), 1877.
39. Herennia ornatissima (Dol.).

' A-single ¢ found at the centre of her web in bright sun-
shine on a tree-trunk. No stabilimentum.
Loeality. Yercaud, Shevaroy Hills (4500 feet). I have

not seen it elsewhere.

ARGIOPE (Sav.), 1827.

Argiope lobata (Pallas) has been reported from Bellary by
Simon and A, arcuata (Sim.) from Bangalore by Staunton,
but I have seen neither of these as yet,

40. Argiope anasuja (Thor.) (Pl. III. figs. 3,4; Pl. IV.
fig. 5) is by far the commonest species round Madras and in
South India generally. The web, often suspended between
adjoining branches, is a large orb-shaped one with a very charac-
teristic stabilimentum in the form of four white zigzag lines
making a St. Andrew’s cross. The cross is not always com-
plete, sometimes only one of the four lines being present. This
stabilimentum usually begins with the top left part of the x or
the whole left stroke of the x , then the top of the right stroke
may be added, but the finished product is the regular x with
the four parts all present. These white lines lie as continua-
tions of the directions in which the spider holds its legs, ef.
Pocock, p. 221, and serve as distinct supports to the spider.

The cocoon measures between 4 and 5 cm. in length, It
is long, irregular, resembling a curled up withered leaf,
cylindrical, tapering to each end, but swollen in the centre
by the compact mass of yellow eggs enclosed. It is grey-
green and when opened a single egg-case contained 840 eggs,
another 186 young spiders.

The specimen shown in the photos was picked off by a
mynah (Aecridotheres tristis), corresponding to our starling,
the torn web, cocoon, and the small commensal Argyrodes all
being left. In this instance the circular part of the web
was 10 inches in diameter and the white cross (stabilimentum)
2°5 inches along each stroke of the x,

A. anasuja is the smallest species mentioned by Pocock
(p. 226). He gives no good way of distinguishing readily
between the species A. pulchella, A. undulata, A. anasuja,
and A, taprobanica, which are all closely allied forms. As
several varieties of each species are known, a fact already
pointed out by Gravely, and as Pocock in his key deals only
with the ¢, the various species will be much more easily
determined once the ¢ are described systematically.

236° Dr. W. Rae Sherriffs on

The g A. anasuja is fairly common during the cold
weather along with the ? on the bushes of Madras Beach.
It is very much smaller than the 2 and of a plain brown-.
purple. I have noticed on the bushes (1) the tiny ¢ on the
same big web as the 2 but at the respectful distance from
her, (2) the g on a small web of his own either in front of
or behind and parallel to the big web, (3) two g on the same
web as the ?, (4) g on same web as 2 but immediately
behind her. The male measures 4 mm. and the female
12 mm. Simon (i. p. 765) gives the size of the male as
one-fifth that of the ?.

The small immature 9? are often found, each on a small
web of her own which has no stabilimentum proper, but
sometimes the central part of the web is marked by a white
lacework of stronger threads in the centre, against which the
spider rests.

The mature ¢ is always found upon the stabilimentum at
the centre of the vertical web head downwards. When
alarmed she always raises her body outwards from the web,
and then suddenly pops through the hole at the centre of the
web behind her to the other side.

Locality. Madras city and Beach; Chingleput. Seen
but seldom on the Nilgiris at Kotagiri.

The small commensals Argyrodes argentatus common on
the big webs of the 2 sometimes come close up to and touch
the big Argiope’s leg, which she quickly moves away. She
does not attack the small silvery intruder, which probably
has very limited vision.

41. Argiope taprobanica (‘Thor.).

Very like A. anasuja in colour and appearance, and has
the same type of stabilimentum. Its cocoon, however, is light
green and triangular in outline, enclosing the compact
central mass of eggs. Hach side of the cocoon measures
about 4°5 em. Probably the distinctive shape of the cocoon
may be helpful as here in distinguishing the species and so
in other cases. -

Locality. Nawalapitiya, Ceylon.

42, Argiope emula (Walck.).

Easily recognized because its abdomen is not pentagonal
in outline.

Locality. Nawalapitiya, Ceylon.

Pocock in ‘ Marvels of the Universe’ (Hutchinson & Co.)
calls Argiope by the trivial name of the X-ray spider. He

South Indian Arachnology. 237

considers that the white ribbons of the stabilimentum conceal
the spider’s Jimbs from flies and also from marauding wasps.
To my mind they serve only as a background which shows up
the spider’s limbs. The white may attract flies, but the
ribbons are essentially a central support for the body of the
spider, which remains on it throughout the day full in the
sun’s rays.

CyrTopHora (Sim.), 1864.
43, Cyrtophora (Araneus) cicatrosa (Stol.). (PI. IV. fig. 6.)

Spider found within a wonderfully fine web, which is
roughly conical but may have several stages below the dome.
This web commonly hangs under bushes of Opuntia or
Yucca. Cyrtophora cicatrosa itself is beautifully coloured,
dainty, and hangs downwards at the apex of the inverted
bowl of the web. The cocoons are suspended vertically
above the dome and external to it, all in line. They are
whitish, but show up green in spirit. Gravely reports having
found these spiders in communities with their webs, but
I have got them always quite apart, each spider within its
own web. ‘The commensal. Argyrodes argentatus is present
occasionally,

The cocoon is 5 mm. long, bead-shaped, oval in outline
with the inner coat very strong. I have found 20 young
within the cocoon. The spider keeps adding to the number
of cocoons, which therefore varies greatly. In the photo
there were at first 3, then 7, and I have seen as many as 12
all in line.

The diameter of the base of the dome is usually about
6 inches. Ceylon specimens are much darker in their
markings than the Madras ones ; the colour of their cocoon
is also deeper in shade.

Locality. Madras, Ennur, Pallavaram ; Dolosbage,
Ceylon ; Kayencolam, Travancore.

This spider is not reported from Ceylon by Pocock. He
classes Cyrtophora with Araneus, considering that no very
important or constant character separates the two genera.
Tagree with Simon (1. p. 773) that being so very different
in the form of their webs, which recall those of Linyphia,
that it is therefore convenient to keep the two separate.
The genus Araneus, in the limited sense, contains already
some 800 described species.

Cyrtophora citricola (Forsk.).
This, the type-species, is very widely distributed. It has
Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. iv. 13

238 Dr. W. Rae Sherriffs on

been reported from Chingleput by Jambunathan, but I have
not met with it as yet.

44, Cyrtophora sp.

I have also a very small Cyrtophora about 4 mm. long,
the only one I have seen on the hills. Both sexes are very
similar in size, shape, and colour, abdomen blackish with
small white dots at sides; but unfortunately the two males
obtained are immature, thus rendering identification im-
possible. Both g and ¢ make the same type of web as
C. cicatrosa, but the g web is less perfect. Spider rests
under the top sheet of the web inverted as in the case of
C. cicatrosa. No cocoons got.

Locality. Carolina Estate, Coonoor, Nilgiris (April).

CycLosa (Menge), 1866.

Epetratrituberculata (Lucas)
45. Cyclosainsulana (Costa) = | epee anseripes (Walck.)

Cyclosa propingqua (Sim.)
is the commonest form both on the hills and on the plains.
It is most variable in colour and in shape also. As regards
the web, Simon (i. p. 782) remarks that the stabilimentum
varies according to the species and that C. insulana and
nearly related forms have the white lines arranged like that
of C. conica (Pallas) as a band interrupted at the centre,
while C. bifida (Dol.) has the stabilimentum in the form of
several very irregular concentric circles, or more correctly
ellipses.

At Kotagiri, on the Nilgiris, Cyclose are very common,
and I carefully collected from the webs, noting specially the
form of the white stabilimentum. I find that the shape is
not by any means constant for the species. C. insulana has
most often the stabilimentum as a diameter, but also as
elliptical lines, as a radius, a very small irregular white mass
at the centre of the orb-web, or again no stabilimentum of
any kind.

Though this species is by far the most common, I have no
record of its cocoons.

Locality. Madras city, Madras Beach, Pallavaram ;
Kotagiri and Coonoor, Nilgiris ; Dolosbage, Ceylon.

46. Cyclosa bifida (Dol.).

I have several long, slender, almost entirely black speci-
mens which are either this species or a closely allied one.

_ - _—- g

South Indian Arachnology. 239

These are common on the Nilgiris and also upcountry in
Ceylon. The Nilgiri forms had the stabilimentum’ as a
_ single white line as diameter or none, while the Ceylon ones
always had none.

Locality. Kotagiri, Nilgiris ; Dolosbage, Ceylon.

47, Cyclosa hybophora (Thor.)

is recognized by the two very distinct tubercles on the
shoulders of the abdomen. The cocoons here are about
4 mm. long. There were four of them, each containing
about fifty eggs. ‘These cocoons are attached to the stabili-
mentum, which, in this case, was a white line placed as a
radius to the circle of the orb-web.

Locality. Madras Beach, Ennur ; Kotagiri, Nilgiris.

A white Cyclosa (Pl. V. fig. 7) which I obtained in Ceylon
has these two shoulder prominences and is probably merely a
variety of this species. It had the white ribbon of the stabili-
mentum as diameter with nine cocoons arranged along it.
These were about 5 mm. long and recalled in shape those of
Cyrtophora, They contained about thirty eggs in each.

Locality. Dolosbage, Ceylon.

48. Cyelosa mulmeinensis (Thor.).

I have several examples of a beautiful little Cyclosa which
seems to be this species. All were found on orb-webs with
the stabilimentum as a radius only. The cocoons are yellow-
brown covered with black debris, and as many as five are
found within one outer case which is from 10 to 15 mm,
long. Hach cocoon contains some forty eggs. Hach cocoon-
case lies along the stabilimentum.

The males and immature females have small separate orb-
webs of their own, apart from the others. In such cases
each spider is found at the centre of the web and there is no
stabilimentum. In one case the 2 was at the centre of her
web resting on a whitish mass of threads (stabilimentum), to
which a single yellow-brown cocoon was attached. These
cocoons are evidently formed singly and then united into one
mass lateron. In the case above examined, where there were
five cocoons within the mass, the first two contained spider-
lings almost ready to leave the cocoon, the third very
immature spiderlings and the last two eggs only.

Locality. Ootacamund, Nilgiris (September).

From the Nilgiris I have several species or varieties which
as yet L have been unable to identify. Some are distinctly

brown in colour, others have a pale tip to the long abdomen,
18*

240 Dr. W. Rae Sherriffs on

while others again, mostly black, have the curious habit on
the web of keeping the slender tip of the abdomen upturned
over the body dorsally.

Where the stabilimentum is present, it always soon gets
dirty with remains of victims. The spider on it is very often
unrecognizable, even when closely looked for—it matches in
colour the white band so well. This was: particularly the
case with the Ceylon Cyclosa above mentioned.

From Pykara Falls, Nilgiris, I found several forms with
webs on the bushes near running water. ‘here were no
stabilimenta and the spider was silvery on the abdomen
dorsally and had the tip of the abdomen upturned. The
shape is not nearly so slender as in the case of the long

narrow Ceylon forms (C. bvfida ?).

ARANEUS (Clerck), 1757 = Epetra (Walck.), 1805.
49. Araneus laglazei (Sim.).

A small spider, 6 mm. long, resembling a bird’s dropping
on a leaf. Found ona twig near the orb-web, which is about
9 inches diam. and had very wide meshes, but no stabili-
mentum. Spider is dark grey, almost black, with the
abdomen whitish dorsally.

Locality. Madras city (previously reported from Ootaca-
mund) ; Kotagiri, Coonoor, Pykara, Nilgiris. Common in
and around Ootacamund (September).

50. Araneus théisit (Walck.).

Found resting by day under a withered bracken leaf,
which it greatly resembled in colour, on the golf course at
Kotagiri. Found on Madras Beach on a leaf of Abutelon.
A very inert spider, very like A. nauticus, but smaller and
the sternum is all dark, almost black. The dorsal pattern of
the abdomen is very pretty, almost constant, and probably
characteristic. Found near orb-web in evening resting on
a grass-stem.

Locality. Madras Beach; Kotagiri and Ootacamand,
Nilgiris.

51. Araneus nauticus (Koch, L. K.)= A. pullata (Thor.).
CPI. V.iie.8))

Lies hid during the day within a withered leaf. Found
in the train from Talaimanaar to Colombo. At dusk it
emerged and made its web in the compartment. When
touched it retired into a crevice on the roof.

Locality. Kotagiri. Dolosbage, Ceylon.

ee —

Pe

South Indian Arachnology. 241

52. Araneus rumpfi (Vhor.) =A. decens (Thor.)=
A. hispida (Dol.) = A. rufofemorata (Sim.)

is the commonest species, and greatly resembles (A.
nauticus in colour and markings. It is very common on
Calotropis gigantea on Madras Beach. The cocoon is very
loosely woven and flocculent in appearance, no stout outer
covering being present. The eggs enclosed within one
cocoon examined numbered 1464. These cocoons are very
common on the golf course at Kotagiri and also on the banks
at the road-sides attached to twigs.

This species is very fond of making its web against the
wall of the house at dusk, then taking up its position in the
centre of the web with its back to the wall. During the day
it rests in one corner, to which a strand of the web leads. It
is very inert when gently handled. If smartly touched this
spider drops at once to the ground on its own thread, and if
not further molested, after a short time, it climbs up again to
the old position.

At the centre of the web, over which tlie spider places itself,
there is sometimes a small white mass of thickened thread,
which cannot be considered as being of the nature of a
stabilimentum.

A. rumpfi is extremely variable in colour and markings on
the dorsal surface of the abdomen.

Locality. Madras city ; Hillgrove, Coonoor and Kotagiri
on the Nilgiris.

53. Araneus bilunifer ? (Poc.).

With two small very conspicuous white circular spots
on the front part of the abdomen dorsally. This species
resembles A.rumpfi in its vulva and scape, and has the same
habits as A. rumpfi and A. nauticus, being found with its
web under the eaves of the verandah. It rests in the corner
of the verandah during the day. The presence of the two
conspicuous spots alone connects it with Pocock’s species
bilunifer, for it differs from his description in having no
shoulder processes on the abdomen, in the prevailing colour
not being yellowish but dark grey, in the nature of the vulva,
and in its size, for it is only 11 mm. long and quite adult.

Locality. “Carolina,” Coonoor, Nilgiris.

54, Araneus mitratus (Sim.).

@ resembles a small Cyrtophora citricola at first sight, but
the posterior extremity is not bifid, and there is only a single

242 Dr. W. Rae Sherriffs on

pair of shoulder prominences on the abdomen. ‘The vuiva
has a particularly long, fine, slender scape.

@ found all on orb-webs, which have a very faint stabili-
mentum arranged as one diagonal or one stroke of the x of
Argiope’s web, the stroke from right to left. All were found
resting at the centre of the webs at 11 a.m. These webs
were all on the banks at the road-sides and were all in the
shade. The spiders keep always behind the web and the
bank. ‘he white stabilimentum may be found arranged
vertically ; webs found over running water between bushes.

dS found at 5 P.M. on a small perfect orb-web of his own.
The web-strands completely crossed over the hill-path, a
distance of some 5 feet. Spider was at the centre of the web,
which had no stabilimentum. Is this the spider whose
threads catch your face so frequently in the dark as you pass
along the path ?

Sometimes the webs have no stabilimentum. They are
always above the ground, often as much as 5 feet, suspended
between the branches of bushes and of trees.

Locality. Coonoor, Karteri, Kodanad, Kotagiri, Pykara,
and Ootacamund, all on the Nilgiris.

55. Araneus mitijica (Sim.).

A beautiful green spider with the abdomen dorsally grey,
marked prettily with characteristic black spots. Found
always on the leaf of a hedge with the orb-web near by. The
spider rests on the leat under a light silk tunnel, and then
rushes out when a victim alights on the orb-web, which, if
damaged, is repaired every now and then. Found on
Lantana frequently and other bushes. Interesting, as thus
having the same habits as A. melanocrania.

Locality. Madras city ; Kotagini.

56. Araneus (Zilla) melanocrania (‘Thor.).

Web is a small orb, but the spider never takes up _ its
position on the web, but always within a curled up leaf close
by. ‘lhe small cocoon is fixed near the leat, within which
the spider rests, or may be sometimes actually within the leaf
beside the spider herself.

The cocoon is 6 mm. at greatest diameter. The one I
opened contained 125 eggs, besides young spiders. There is
no stout outer covering to the cocoon, which consists simply
of fine yellow threads lightly woven together.

The small size of the spider, its blackish head, reddish

~ South Indian Arachnology. 243

thoracic parts and legs, and the dorsally whitish porcellanous
abdomen make the species easily recognisable.

Locality. Madras city, very common on bushes on the
Beach.

57. Araneus, sp. nov. ?

Small spider only 3 mm. long, very like A. laglazer in
appearance, but with the abdomen terminating dorsally in a
very distinct, black, smooth, blunt point. Found at the
centre of the small orb-web.

Locality. Chingleput ; Madras city.

58. Araneus, sp. nov. ?

Very pretty orb-weavers found commonly on the Nilgiris
with the web always over running water. ‘The spider is
always at the centre of the web in the evening, when the web
is made. The spiders are quite small, 3 mm. long, and are
beautifully marked. The basal colour is a green-grey.
The cephalothorax has dark bands down the centre dorsally
and round the margins. ‘The abdomen dorsally is darker
down the mid-dorsal line and again at the sides, while
below it is black with two distinct straight white lines a little
to each side of the mid-ventral axis. These two lines run
from each side of the vulva to the mamille and enclose a
black area. The sternum is black and the grey-green legs
banded with black. In spirit the lighter dorsal parts of the
abdomen appear silvery. Vulva without scape. They greatly
resemble young Orsinome.

Locality. Throughout the Nilgiris.

59. Araneus, sp. nov. ?

Found on a lichen-covered wall, small, only 3 mm. long.
Shoulder prominences huge in proportion to the other parts.
Vulva without scape.

Locality. Madras city.

60. Araneus, sp. nov. ?

Common as a house-spider within the bungalow, lodging
especially on the wooden roof. ‘The cocoons are of the usual
white flocculent type, and are very conspicuous against the
dark teak beams. Mach cocoon measures 5 mm. in diameter,
and is roughly globular. ‘The cocoon contains 50 eggs.

The spider is 5 mm. long with the cephalothorax reddish

244 Dr. W. Rae Sherriffs on

yellow, red-brown round the eyes ; legs similar, but banded
with dark brown; abdomen dorsally dark grey, ventrally
lighter in front around the genital opening ; sternum pale
fawn and so also are the coxw. The vulva is covered by
a triangular hard yellow chitinous plate (epigyne), the two
central thick parts being brown; scape absent.

Locality. Madras city.

Pocock’s key to the species selected by him (ef. p. 224) is
based entirely on the characters of the 2, no ¢ being men-
tioned in his account. A proper key will not be forthcoming
until the ¢ have all been found and described. Below I
give a brief description of two of the males, viz. those of
A. rumpfi, the commonest species of South India, and
of A. métratus, which I got on the Nilgiris.

Description of A. rumpfi, 3.

Colours much as in the 2, carapace brown with yellowish
hairs; legs brownish with darker annulations ; sternum light
yellow ; abdomen dorsally varied with light and dark grey
marks to form a median light band with a darker band on
each side tapering at the tip behind ; front and sides of abdo-
men light yellow or grey ; abdomen ventrally pale yellow
with darker spots at the centre and at the spinnerets. Only
the coxee of the first legs have the small red-brown apophyses,
which are incurved. The tibiz of the second pair of legs
are armed with small spines as usual.

The male is not so much smaller than the female
(10-15 mm.), for it measures 8 mm., the carapace being as
long as the abdomen.

Description of A. mitratus, 3.

It greatly resembles the female in general form and colour,
but is smaller (2 7 mm. long, 6 3 mm.). Both have a
conspicuous white St. Andrew’s cross at the front end of the
abdomen dorsally between the shoulder points, and on the
ventral side of the abdomen there is a median rectangular
black area bordered by lighter lines and ending in a pair of
light spots on each side just in front of the spinnerets. The
male examined was immature.

GASTERACANTHA (Sund.), 1833.
61. Gasteracantha brevispina (Dol.).

A very pretty, dainty, small spider on a large web at its
centre without any stabilimentum. The young are only

South Indian Arachnology. 245

15 mm. at greatest width across the abdomen. The colour
is almost black, and on the abdomen dorsally there are very
distinet white spots forming a St. George’s cross. The colour-
scheme greatly resembles that in the male of G. geminata,
and the young are found on very small simple orb-webs
about 3 inches diam. withoutany stabilimenta or white dots.

Locality. Madras city ; Dolosbage, Ceylon.

62. Gasteracantha geminata (I abr.).

Larger and much more common than the above. The
web is made against the wall of the bungalow or else out in
the open between the branches of trees. Often the web is
found well under the shade of trees, and as it is swung on
very long threads it moves very easily in the breeze and is
therefore very difficult to photograph successfully. ‘The main
lines of the web are flecked out with little white dots and
dashes, which are quite characteristic. The spider remains
always at the centre of the web during the day. The web of
G. brevispina is much smaller and finer, and has no white
marks anywhere upon it. Both species spin their webs in
the mornings before 7 o’clock. .

The g G. geminata seem to rest on single threads only at
some distauce from the large web of the 9. The commensal
Argyrodes argentatus is quite common on the big web of
the 9 in Madras city during February. One point of interest
is that the g of G. geminata has not the same number of
sigille as depicted by Simon in fig. 887. He shows three
small on each side, but there are really four. I have also
found the ¢ on small complete orb-webs of their own, quite
apart from the big one of the 2, the diameter of their webs
being only about 3”.

Locality. Madras city and Beach. Dolosbage, Ceylon.

Potrys (C. L. Koch), 1843.
63. Poltys illepidus (C. L. Koch).

Nocturnal spider, caught by chance in the dark. So far
as I know it has no web. In the twilight I saw it dimly
outlined among creepers and seized it, thinking it was a fruit.
It was lying among withered branches and leaves on the top
of the tennis netting, where it probably rests during the day.

Locality. Madras city. Previously reported only from
Ceylon.

246 Dr. W. Rae Sherriffs on

CHORIZOPES (Camb.), 1870.
64. Chorizopes frontalis (Camb.).

These minute spiders, only 2 mm. long, were got all from
single threads along with the g Gasteracantha geminata
from bushes. Both Chorizopes‘and Gaste:acantha 8 greatly
resemble each other, but the ¢ Gasteracantha is twice the
size of Chorizopes and has of course its own distinctive
features. Simon reports (i. p. 922) never having noticed
the web, which is usually a small perfect orb about 2" diam.
All rest in the centre of the webs, which, like those of Gastera-
cantha, are all made in the mornings.

Locality. Madras city.

Clubionide.
CEDIGNATHA (‘Thor.), 1881.
65. Gidignatha retusa (Sim.). (PI. VI. fig. 9.)

Very dark little spider, dug out from its burrow in the hill-
side. The mouth of the burrow has no web leading to it, but
has the entrance curiously formed of twigs, leaves, straws,
etc., filled round the central circular opening to form a small
turret. A small cocoon containing a very few eggs was
found within the tunnel. This complex type of dwelling is
quite unusual among the Clubionids, and resembles very
much what I found on the Nilgiris, where on the banks at the
road-sides there was a similar opening (PI. VI. fig. 10) (to
the burrow of a Mygalomorphid), which was of course much
larger in size, measuring 10 mm. in diameter. Dwelling
described by Simon (ii. p. 189).

Locality. Dolosbage, Ceylon (May).

SELENOPS (Latr.), 1819.
66. Selenops radiatus (Latr.).
Found within kitchen ; very flat spider ; nocturnal.
Locality. Kotagiri, Nilgiris.
67. Selenops sp. ?

Found under the bark of trees associating with the small
scorpion Isometrus thurstont, which it greatly resembles in
colour and markings.

Locality. Yercaud, Shevaroy Hills.

South Indian Arachnology. 247

SPARASSUS (Walck.), 1805.

68. Sparassus lamarcki (Latv.)

is the commonest species ; found often within the bunga-
low at night. Abdomen is marked dorsally by a median line
of small black dots and ventrally by a broad black median
stripe. The mandibles have also at the top of each to the
outside a characteristically red-brown spot. Outside in the
open the spider during the day retires under the shade
of a leaf.

I have found the female with her cocoon attached to a
withered leaf of Calotropis gigantea on Madras Beach. The
globular mass of spiderlings measured 14 mm. in diameter,
and was fastened to the leaf under a stout tubular outer cover,
which protected the spider as well. There were 340 young
spiders within the cocoon.

Locality. Madras city.

69. Sparassus tarandus (Sim.).

There are a large number of Sparassids on Calotropis that
are much smaller than S. lamarcki (? 10 mm., ¢ 7 mm.).
These live within a curled up leaf, within which the simple
globular cocoon is placed. The cocoon measures 6 mm. in
diameter and contained 115 young. Often found within a
withered leaf containing the cocoon.

Locality. Madras city and Beach.

HeETeROPODA (Latr.), 1804.
70. Heteropoda venatoria (Linn.)

is the common species and is often met with in. houses

after dark. The cocoon is drab-white and measures 19 x 16

mm., being roughly oval in outline ; in thickness at greatest

depth itis 8 mm. ‘The cocoon resembles a flat button, in

section doubly convex. It contained 275 young ones.
Locality, Madras city ; Kotagiri, Nilgiris.

‘'HELCTICOPIS (Karsch.), 1884.
1. Theleticopis paripes ? (Karsch).
A single male alone obtained. It agrees with Pocock’s

description in having the branches of the tibial apophysis
unequal, but here the outer branch is long, curved, and sharp,

248 Dr. W. Rae Sherriffs on

while the inner is short and blunt. Possibly Pocock may
have erred in his account.

Locality. Koyencolam, Travancore. Previously reported
from Ceylon.

Agelenide.
AGELENA (Walck.), 1805.
72. Agelena inda? (PI. VI. fig. 11.)

From the nature of the web this is seemingly a colonial
spider. The web is always on a bush—hill guava (?hodo-
myrtus), Dodonea viscosa, box, rose, privet, and very
commonly on whin,—and has a distinct platform upon
which victims alight. The spider itself lies hid in the
densest central part of the web-mass, often within a curled
up withered leaf, the inside of which is lined by the silk of
the web. The cocoon is beautifully made and is attached
to the walls of the central chamber of the web by 9 or 10
radiating points. The cocoon is a dead-white and can often
be seen through the thin silk of the web, especially when the
web is not covered with debris. Sometimes three cocoons
are found all covered over with the debris of victims, ef.
beetles, bugs, and flies.

Simon reports only one species of Agelena from India,
cf. Agelena inda, which may be this one. The cocoon is so
very unlike the typical one for the family as to be quite
peculiar and interesting. It measures 15 mm. at greatest
width and contained 52 young spiders. It has a very dense
white outer covering. Simon (il. p. 254) refers to the
female depositing her cocoon, which is flat and formed of two
concave discs, within the chamber which I have described
above as the cocoon itself. I have examined several of these
cocoons, and have found inside the mass of spiderlings
enclosed within a single sheet of very thin tissue only. The
web-mass consists of several leaves fastened together. Quite
recently when in Coorg I found the cocoon within the cocoon-
chamber as described above by Simon,

Since Agelenids are very rare in the Tropics, this is pro-
bably accounted for by the fact that they are found only on
the hills above 3500 feet. Small Blattids and earwigs often
live in the web-mass, which may harbour two spiders.

Locality. Kotagiri, Coonoor and Ootacamund, all on the
Nilgiris. The spider is very common on whin-bushes in and
around Ootacamund at 7200 feet (April-October). Not
found on the plains.

South Indian Arachnology. 249

TEGENARIA (Latr.), 1804.
73. Tegenaria domestica (Clerck).

This common British species is now worldwide in distri-
bution. I found one male on the window curtain of the
dining-room of the bungalow one afternoon.

Locality. Kandaloya, Ceylon. Not commonly found in
the Tropics.

Pisauride.
EUPROSTHENOPS (Poc.), 1897.

74. Euprosthenops elliott (O. P.-Camb.).

From the web stretched between prickly-pear (Opuntia)
bushes not far from the side of the River Adyar. ‘The spider
lived for several days inside a tube which had some formalin
in it. The peculiar arrangement of the anterior lateral eyes,
giving the old name Podophthalma to the group, makes
identification simple. Web is large and very irregular, the
spider resting inverted below it, cf. Psechrus.

Locality. Madras city, banks of the Adyar. Already
reported from Chingleput by Jambunathan. The spider is
said to be found on bushes only near water.

THALASSIUS (Sim.), 1885.
75. Thalassius phipsoni (?) (F. Camb.).

Found running across bedroom floor at 10 P.M. Spider is
therefore nocturnal, characterised by two very distinct, lateral,
bright yellow lines passing right down the cephalothorax and
abdomen dorsally. Rest of the surface olive.

Locality. Madras city.

Lycosida.
Hippasa (Sim.), 1885.

76. Hippasa agelenoides (Sim.).

Seems to be the common small Lycosid found on its
peculiar web among the grass of the compound and at the
road-sides. It is a small banded spider, from 7 to 11 mm.
long, and is fond of making its web with a distinct tunnel.
Very often it is got resting within the tunnel awaiting a
victim to alight on the sheet-like expansion of the web.
The tunnel is open at both ends, The mother carries her

250 Dr. W. Rae Sherriffs on

cocoon behind attached to the spinnerets, as in all Lycosids.
The cocoon measures 5 mm. in diameter and is globular. I
have found it containing 130 spiderlings.

Locality. Madras city.

77. Hippasa pantherina (Poc.)

is equally common and has the same habits. It is a larger
spider reaching 16 mm. Both species greatiy resemble each
other, and both have the sternum marked by a median black
longitudinal line. Here the cocoon measures 8 mm, in
diameter and I have found it with 308 spiderlings.

Locality. Pallavaram ; Dolosbage, Ceylon ; Kotagiri,
Nilgiris.

Lycosa (Latr.), 1804.

78. Lycosa indagatriz (Walck.)

is the largest form. It is found living in tunnels or
burrows in the ground, measuring 20 mm. diameter and
about 200 mm. deep. This tube is not lined with silk, but
the open upper end has a circlet of dead leaves around it and
entering it. ‘here may be a lining of silk round the upper
part of the tube next the mouth. ‘The leaves greatly help to
conceal the opening. Sometimes one leaf acts as a kind of
lid to the tube. The tube is always open, but the spiders are
purely nocturnal and have to be dug ont during the daytime.
The young ones seem to lie concealed under the shelter of
stones and do not make small burrows.

Locality. Madras city, Ennur.

79, Lycosa catula (Sim.).
A cryptozoic spider found lurking under dead leaves lying
in the dry bed of a hill-stream.
Locality. Shevaroy Hills, Yercaud.
80. Lycosa chaperi (Sim.).
A small form brought home from the Madras Christian

College.
Locality. Madras city.

Oxyopide.
PeucetTIA (Thor.), 1870.

81. Peucetia graminea (Poc.).
Found on the top of the fruit of Abutilon (Malvacee) and

0 LL EE

—— ee

ee, ae

South Indian Arachnology. 251

also on the withered leaf of Jatropha (Euphorbiaceze) which
had attached to it the empty cocoon measuring about 10 mm.
in diameter.

Locality. Madras city and beach ; Kotagiri, Nilgiris.

82. Peucetia viridana (Stol.) =P. nigropunctata (Sim.).

Found on a green leaf eating a caterpillar, on the large
white flower of Datura, on Jatropha, and on the fruit of
Abutilon indicum. The cocoon was on the Abutilon fruit,
the eggs being covered by a compact tissue of silk, through
which they are easily seen. Number of eggs present was
fifty and the diameter of the egg-mass 10 mm., for it is
circular in outline, Cocoon also found attached to the leaf
of Cleome viscosa and guarded by the mother, It is white,
spherical, diameter 7 mm., and the outer covering is produced
into numerous white, projecting, little blunt points which give
it a very characteristic appearance.

Locality. Madras city, Pallavaram.

Pocock, p. 255, designates the family as “ hunting spiders,
spinning no web, living amongst grass and other plants and
fastening their cocoons to the leaves or stalks.” This
description is quite good, but he omits the interesting fact
that they all can jump readily, like the next family, the
Attids, and are therefore somewhat difficult to catch.

Simon (il. p. 375) says that the Peucetia appear to affect
glandular plants. They do so here and seem specially fond
of Jatropha glandulifera, a very sticky plant, plentiful in the
scrub-jungle around Madras city. I have also noticed them
on Cleome viscosa, which is a common weed by the road-sides
and on the Beach.

OxyYopEs (Latr.), 1804.
83. Oxyopes rufisternis (Poc.).
Commonly found running on hedges of Clerodendron, etc.,
throughout the year.

Locality. Madras city ; Dolosbage, Ceylon (May).

84. Oxyopes hindostanicus (Poc.).

The cocoon is placed on a withered leaf suspended on
horizontal threads between two branches, ‘Lhe mother
protects the cocoon, covering it with her body, and will not
desert it even when touched. The spider greatly resembles
birds’ droppings on the leaf, the legs being held close up to
the sides of the body. This species is the commonest in

252 On South Indian Arachnology.

Madras. The cocoon on or within a withered leaf measures
10 mm. and contains 50-60 eggs. Common on Calotropis
along the Beach. Oxyopes hindostanicus | have foun eating
the comparatively large moth Utctheisa pulchella (Linn.).

Locality, Madras city ; Kotagiri, where they are common
among dead leaves on the ground ; Coonoor.

85. Oxyopes birmanicus (Thor.).

Found like O. rujisternis running on the hedge in the
compound. The cocoon is placed within a withered curled
up leaf. It is irregular in form and was found to contain in
one case 40 spiderlings, in another instance the circular mass
of eggs measured 8 mm. diameter and contained 104 eggs.

Locality. Madras city.

86. Oxyopes wroughtoni (Poc.).

Reported from Balsar. It greatly resembles O. birmanicus
in colour.

LITERATURE CONSULTED.

1857. DotescHatt, C. L. Tweede Bijdrage Tot de kennis der
Arachniden van der Indischen Archipel. Batavia.

1882. CamBripa@x, O. PrcxarpD-. “Catalogue of Collection of Ceylon
Spiders,” Journal of the Linnean Society (Zoology), vol. x.

1887. THorELL, T. Viaggio di L. Fea in Birmania e Regioni vicine.

*1892. Simon, E. Histoire Naturelle des Araignées, vol.i. Paris.

*1895. Tuorett, T. Descriptive Catalogue of the Spiders of Burma.
London.

*1897. Simon, E. Histoire Naturelle des Araignées, vol. ii. Paris.

1898. Simon, E. Matériaux pour servir 4 la Faune Arachnologique
de l’Asie méridionale,’ Mémoires de la Société Zoologique de
France pour |’Année 1897, pp. 252-262.

1899. Pocock, R. I. “ Diagnoses of some New Indian Arachnida,”
Journal Bombay Natural History Society, xii. pp. 744-753.

*1900. Pocock, R. I. The Fauna of British India — Arachnida.
London.

1900. Pocock, R. I. ‘ Descriptions of some New Species of Spiders
from British India,” Journal Bombay Natural History Society,
xili, pp. 478-498. 3s

1901. Stmon, E. “Arachnida of the Skeat Expedition to the Malay
Peninsula, 1899-1900,” Proceedings of the Zoological Society
of London, 1901, vol. ii.

1905. JampunaTHAN, N. 8. “Habits and Life-history of a Social
Spider (Stegodyphus sarasinorum, (Karsch),” Smithsonian
Miscellaneous Collections, vol. 47.

1915. Gravety, F. H. “Notes on the Habits of Indian Insects,
Myriapods and Arachnids,” Records of the Indian Museum,
Calcutta.

* These works are constantly referred to throughout this paper and
are indispensable,

— ™

Fig. 1.

Fig. 3.

.

Fig. 4

Fig. 5;

Fig. 6.

Fig. 7.

Fig. 8.

Fig. 9.
Fig. 10.
Fig. 11.

Mr. R. S. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera. 253

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

PuaTE II,

Psechrus torvus inverted below web, which here crosses a dry
mountain torrent. xX 4).

. Psechrus torvus web edge on, to show the tubular retreat denied

by Simon, also its slightly arched nature.

Prats III.

Aegone anaswja ; young resting on lacework stabilimentum.
x
Argiope anasuja; web with full x stabilimentum on Opuntia.
Xx Zz.
PratE IV,
Argiope anasuja; stabilimentum with only one stroke of x,
spider rolling up a fly. x 3.
Cyrtophora cicatrosa within domed web, x 2}.

PLATE V.

Cyclosa sp.? (Ceylon) with stabilimentum as diameter (broken)
bearing spider and cocoons. Web against aloe-leaf.
Araneus nauticus resting by day on bark of acypress-tree, x 3.

PrATE VI.

Gidignatha retusa; turret at mouth of burrow. x 1.
Nilgiri Barychelid ; turret at mouth of burrow. x 2,
Agelena inda; web on aloe-bush, showing cocoon-case within.

[All the Plates are from photographs taken by the Author. |

XXV.—Brief Descriptions of new Thysanoptera.—X.*

By Ricuarp 8. BaGna.t, F'.L.S.

Suborder TEREBRANTIA,
Family Holothripide.
MHolothrips fulvicollis, sp. n.

?.—T'his species very closely resembles the common
holaretic species A. fasciatus, L. The following differences
are evident in the material at my disposal :—

The pronotum, instead of being otf the same colour as the
head and body, is much lighter, being of a yeilow to
yellowish-brown colour, The fore-legs are only present in

* Continued from Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 9, vol. i. p. 221 (1918),
Ann. Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. iv. 19

254 Mr. R. S. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera.

one example, and are much lighter than the intermediate and
hind pairs of legs. The dark and light areas of the fore-
wings are roughly subequal in extent.

The head is as long as the prothorax and has the cheeks
more strongly arched. In A. fasciatus the third antennal
joint is longer than the fourth, in this species it is the same
length (excluding pedicel) or slightly shorter (16 : 16 in one
specimen and 15: 17 in two).

The small sete on the longitudinal vein of the fore-wings
are fewer, very minute, being 0°5 to 0°3 the length of the
corresponding sete in A. fasciatus, lighter-coloured, and
therefore more inconspicuous.

Type. In Coll. Bagnall, University Museum, Oxford.

Hab. Inpia, Cawnpur; 3 2 @ in flowers of Verbascum
sp., 20. 8.11 (A. D. mms). Reg. 197.

Family Ceratothripide.
Ceratothrips gowdeyt, sp. n.

9 .—Length c. 1:0 mm.; form somewhat slender.

Colour brown, antennee entirely concolorous with head;
legs yellowish-brown to brown; wings brown, apparently
somewhat lighter basally.

Head transverse, 0°7 as long as broad; cheeks sub-
parallel; eyes large, occupying about 0-4 the total dorsal
length of head; eyes moderately coarsely facetted and
sparingly pilose ; ocelli large, set well baek, with crescentic
hypodermal pigmentation ; interocellar and postocular sete
minute; dorsal surface transversely striate. Antenne
G-jointed, a little less than twice as long as the head; third
jot (without trichome) very much shorter and narrower
than any of the other joints (excluding style), pedicellate ;
relative lengths of joints approximately 8:13: 7 (excluding
pedicel) : 16: 23:3. Stout forked trichome on 4, Mouth-
cone reaching across prosternum ; maxillary palpi rather
long, 3-jointed, the third joint longest * ; labial palpi long,
slender.

Pronotum slightly longer than the head, about 1°6 times
as broad as long; posterior margin depressed; bristles at
each posterior angle stout, about 0:4 (or slightly less) the

* Although I have not demonstrated it to my entire satisfaction, t
think that the maxillary palp of Ceratothrips brittent, Bagn., is also
3-jointed; I described it as “apparently 2-jointed,”’ but the unique
preparation is very obscure.

Mr. R. 8. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera. 255

median length of the pronotum; surface weakly and irregu-
larly transverse-striate, and sparsely setose; a postero-
marginal pair, one on each side of the mid-line, a little longer
and stouter than the other minor sete. Pterothorax sub-
quadrate. Spines at apex of hind tibia within stout. Wings
reaching to about the seventh abdominal segment, fore-wings
about thirteen times as long as broad near middle; fore-vein
with three spines near juncture with lower vein, and 1+1+1
in the distal third ; costa ahd lower vein with a series of 23
and 13 or 14 spines respectively.

Abdomen oblong-ovate; apical bristles moderately long
and slender ; posterior margin of tergite 8 with a very jagged,
sparse, and iregularly set fringe of short microscopical sete.

Type. British Museum of Natural Listory (Imperial
Bureau of Entomology).

Hab. A¥rica, Uganda, Kampala; 1 @ in flowers of tree-
tomato (Solanum sp.), Nov. 11th, 1917. I. B. E. no. 127
(C. C. Gowdy).

Family Thripide, s. |.
Genus Dinuroturies, Hood.

Table of Species.

1. Sizec. li mm. Species brachypterous. Legs
brown, tibize at most shaded to a yellowish-
brown distally ; basal antennal joint yel-
lowish, second dark grey-brown. Hab. South
RAMEILCHeg Et Nese feo Satire oP, tee aie ote Gitar s ester attac D, vezenyit, sp. n.

Size 115 or 1'7 mm. Species winged ...... 2.

2. Size 17 mm. Femora brown, tibie yellow;
basal antennal joints as in D. vezenyiz, Bagn.
Fore-wings (excepting basal fifth) wholly
brown, EKyes more prominent and cheeks
more swollen. Hab. Porto Rico.......... D. hookeri, Hood,

Size 115 mm. Legs mostly yellow; basal
antennal joint yellow. TF ore-wings coloured
otherwise, with the veins in the third sixth
(or more) and the fifth sixth dark brown.
Eyes smaller, less prominent, and cheeks
very slightly arched. Hab. Australia .... D. frontalis (Bagn.).

Dinurothrips frontalis (Bagn.).
My Hehothrips frontalis from Australia is referable to the
genus Dinurothrips, Hood. The head and the wings are
typical of that genus, but the end of the abdomen is nearer

the true Heliothrips form, and it is evident that Dinurothrips
1%

256 Mr. R. 8. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera.

should be placed near Heliothrips, and not with Pancheto-
thrips, Bagn. The explanate lateral margins of the prothorax
are narrow and take up the whole of thelength. The terminal
abdominal setee are probably broken off. The reticulation of
the pronotum is of a different nature to that described in
Heliothrips and the other species of this genus; it takes the
form of sunken, roundish, or elliptical areas more or less
distant from each other.

Dinurothrips vezenyit, sp. n.

@ .—Length c. 15 mm.

Brachypterous ; wings reduced to a pointed pad with
wing-scale intact, about four times as long as broad, yellow-
brown, with light patch near middle and marked dark grey-
brown distally ; one long seta at apex of scale.

Colour reddish-brown, deeply shaded with dark grey-
brown, especially in the abdomen (where dark median and
lateral patches in segments 2 to 6 are noticeable) and across
the pronotum ; fore-part of head and the pronotum anteriorly
and posteriorly more or less yellow. Antenne broken in the
unique specimen, joint 1 yellow, 2 dark grey-brown. Tarsi
and tibiz: distally more or less yellowish.

Head much as in D. hookert, but with the coustriction
behind eyes less marked and the cheeks less swollen ; the
deep channel separating the raised vertex and the eyes more
evenly reticulated than in hookeri.

Pronotum much as in D. hookeri, the disc (excluding
lateral explanation) widest at middle; the explanate lateral
margins occupying the length of the pronotum, but chiefly
noticeable in the distal half. Dorsal reticulation of abdomen
evidently stronger than in hookert, evanescent median poste-
viorly, Last abdominal segment stouter and Jess produced
than in hookert, less than the length of the head; bristles

strong and moderately long, much as in hookeri.

Hab. SoutH America, Tucuman (Argentine), November
1905 ; 1 9 (Vezenyz).

Genus ‘TRYPHACTOTHRIPS, Bagn.*
Table of Species.

1. Head and prothorax strongly transverse,
spines of the fore-wing longer than the

* This genus is erected for Dinurothrips rutherfordi, -Bagn., in a
memoir on the Thysanoptera of the Seychelles now in press, wherein
D, brevisetis is described and D. rutherfordi figured.

Mr. R. 8S. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera. 257

breadth of the wing, unicolorous. Had,
GROMGRO GASH sas tac cd ss a+ se sclelciyecieg Le TOUORiEs Spe Ii.

Head and prothorax not so strongly trans-
Ue E RY elas charn’cry's. = wks «ie, said Sone eeeene 2.

2. Spines of the fore-wing bicolorous, 1°3 times
as long as the breadth of the wing. Hab.
Wey OD a cia ts oie ore getters cee oie ...» IL. rutherfordi (Bagn.).

Spines of the fore-wing unicolorous, only
O'7 as long as the breadth of the wing.
LGU) WO YCHEMEST | hia ave a'ctol aceasta Gentes Lnorevisens, Bacon

Tryphactothrips roboris, sp. n.

2 .— Length c. 1:2 mm.

Brown, sides of prothorax and the greater part of the first
eight abdominal segments, chiefly laterally, of a very deep
black-brown; hind and intermediate femora and the fore-tibize
greyish-yellow shaded with brown ; tibie yellowish shaded
with grey to greyish-brown. Antennal joints 3-8 lost in the
type, basal joints yellowish. Fore-wings yellowish-brown,
darker on the veins, but with light or clear area in the basal
fifth, about the fourth fifth, and at extreme tip.

Head strongly transverse, fully twice as long as broad,
very markedly constricted at neck ; genal and frontal ex-
planate margins much narrower than in 7. rutherford? ;
ocelli on a raised prominence, large and well separated from
the eyes, the front one forwardly directed. The reticulated
surface with a crescentic series of eleven large reticulations
behind, in the are of which the reticulations are smaller and
more regular than laterally and between the eyes above the
arc. Pronotum twice as broad as long medianly (where it is
the longest on account of both anterior and posterior margins
being arcuate), and nearly three times as broad as the length
at sides. Surface furnished with some sete, of which a mid-
lateral and postero-median pair are fairly prominent, being
about 0°23 the median length of pronotum; they are acumi-
nate, slightly curved, and apparently stouter in the basal
third than at base. Prothorax, legs, wings, and abdomen
much as in J’, rutherford. Fore-wings broad in the basal
third or thereabouts, thence narrow and parallel to near tip ;
upper vein with two spines near union with lower vein, the
second being lighter and not so strong; a space and then a
series of five (2+2-+1); the first two being in the light area
are less strong and lighter than the next two, which are
situated on the dark patch before apex, whilst the most distal
one igs much weaker and nearly colourless; lower vein with 2
near base, then 1+4, the single one coming well before the
series of five in the upper vein, and the first of the four

258 Mr. R. 8. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera.

coinciding with the second in the said series of five ; here,
again, the last is weak and very light in colour, and, generally
speaking, those on the lighter areas of the wing are less
strong and lighter. Costal series few and irregular.

Type. British Museum of Natural History (Imperial Bureau
of Entomology).

Hab. Gold Coast, Aburi; 1 9 in flower of Thunbergia
laurifolia, Nov. 11th, 1915 (W. H. Patterson). Reg. no.
250, 6 Be ie 115.

ITeliothrips bicinctus, sp. n.

@ .—This species comes very near to H. femoralis, Reut.,
with which it may be mixed in collections. It is not so deep
in coloration, and may be sharply separated by the coloration
of the legs and wings as follows :—

Fore-wings brown excepting for a light area near

base before distal fourth and at extreme tip,

these areas being very short and ill-defined.

All tibiee, tarsi, and fore-femora yellow .... H. femoralis, Reut.
Fore-wings light-coloured, with two dark brown

bands, the first (occupying about one-eighth

the length of the wing) starting near the be-

ginning of the second fourth and the other

(occupying about one-seventh the length of

the wing) just before tip. Hind-tibiz wholly

yellow ; fore-femora and the fore and more

especially the intermediate tibize more or less

deeply shaded with grey to grey-brown .... H. bicinctus, sp. n.

The antenne are incomplete in the four specimens now
before me, and until [T make further preparations I am not
prepared to give a fuller description. ‘Che fore-wings are
obviously more linear and slender than in J7. femoraiis, and
the spines of the costa, fore-vein (from union with hind-vein),
and hind-vein are respectively as follows :—20 to 21; 14 and
13 to 14.

In the African example the wing-spines appear to be
stronger, whilst the intermediate tibia is very dark brown
excepting basally and at apex.

Type. In Coll. Bagnall, University Museum, Oxford.

Iab. KUROPE, several examples from hothouses, Brussels
and Neweastle-upon-Type ; on various plants with /7/. femo-
ralis, 1907 and 1908; 1 @ with H. hemorrhoidalis on

—

Mr. R. 8. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera. 259

banana-palm, Calatrava, Spain, submitted by Dr. W. E.
Collinge.
-Arrica, Arusha; 1 ?, Oct. and Nov. 1905 (C. Katona).

Heliothrips pattersoni, sp. n.

2 .—Leneth 13 mm.

Head and pterothorax brown, prothorax yellowish grey-
brown ; abdomen deep chestnut-brown, excepting the last
three segments, which are yellow-brown shaded with grey ;
legs yellow, fore-femora and tibiz and hind-femur lightly
tinged with brown, intermediate femora and tibize more
deeply shaded brown. Antenna yellowish, basal and apical
joints more or less lightly tinged with grey-brown. Fore-
wings light, with dark grey-brown bands approximating the
third sixth and near tip; basally slightly clouded with
smoky-yellow. Hind-wings with median vein brown, lighter
in middle. Light-coloured examples with abdomen golden
yellow-browi with brown lateral patches.

Head transverse, about 1°8 times as wide across cheeks
(which are arched and wider than across eyes) as long ;
distinct collar basally. Surface deeply reticulated, with a
distinct line at collar and another just behind eyes. yes
large and coarsely facetted, vertex and space between eyes
wide ; ocelli normal, situated on sides and apex of a raised
prominence. Antenne about 2°8 times as long as head ;
segment 1 subquadrate, 2 broadest of all; 3 and 4 slender,
urn-shaped, 3 being more than three times as long as broad ;
5 broadly clavate ; 6 broadly fusiform and broadly united to
7; 8 longand slender, forming a continuation of 7. Relative
lengths of joints 3 to 8 as follows:—23:17:13:6: 14.
Maxillary palpi 2-segmented, apical joint long and slender.

Prothorax strongly transverse, more than 2°5 times as
broad as long and about 0°75 the length of the head; sides
subparallel, with well-defined angles. Suriace not strongly
reticulated, more or less regularly but sparsely set with
longish and rather stout sete, the longest, viz. the derso-mid-
lateral setae, being about 0°35 the length of the pronotum. _

Pterothorax a little longer than broad, stout; fore-wings
with a series of about 20-22 costal spines, upper vein with
13-14 and lower vein with 9-11 irregularly set, those on the
dark areas darker and stouter. .

Larve whitish, with head, pronotum, the two basal an-
tennal joints, basal joints of legs, and the last two abdominal
seginents grey-brown.

260 Mr. R.S. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera.

Type. British Museum of Natural History (Imperial
Bureau of Entomology).

Hab. Goud Coast, Aburi; 2 2 and larvee on Granadilla

leaves, Nov. 11, 1915 (W. H. Patterson). Reg. no. 279,
pel ody Ite Jkkeyy

Llel/othrips minutissimus, sp. n.

Length, 9, c. 0°65 mm. 3 ¢,’c..0°5 mm.

Same form as 7. indicus, Bagn., but much smaller, practi-
eally colowless—greyish- white to greyish-yellow, — though
probably more deeply coloured in fresh examples ; ; wings
apparently of a light grey-brown. Unfortunately the examples
at my disposal are too poorly preserved for a satisfactory
description, but happily the special series of eee on the
ninth tergite of the male are clearly shown, demonstrating
at once (apart from the great difference in size) that the
species is not a colourless form of indicus. There are six long
bristles arranged in the form of a crescent, the outside pair
being the highest and practically mid-lateral, and the
inmost pair the lowest, quite near the posterior margins.

Type. In Coll. Bagnall, University Museum, Oxford.

Hab. INDIA, Surat; BoMBAY, 2 9 2 and 1 @ with nume-
rous examples of HH, indicus on violet, Feb. 1906 (#1. Maz-
well Lefroy).

Dendrothrips jeanneli, sp. 0.

? .—Leneth c. 1:0 mm.

Head dark grey-brown, lighter on inner side of each eye ;
anteunee brown (basal joints lighter than joints 2 and 5-8),
excepting joints 3 and 4, which are yellowish-white ; pro-
notum mottled, central part grey-brown, each side irregularly
marked from white or greyish-white to brown; pterothorax
mostly brown; abdomen light, whitish to ereyish- white,
medianly grey-brown, darker on each side of the median
sculpturing and at the extreme side of the patch, and a grey-
brown spot placed laterally on tergites 3 and 7. Femora
marked with brown, middle pair dan cer than the anterior
pair; hind pair longer and lighter, femora greyish-white,
speckled or touched with light grey-brown; ends of tarsi
brown, Fore-wings grey-brown, lighter basally, with a
short light patch near middle and before tip. Head very
deeply excavated between eyes, surface reticulated. An-

Oe — —— ————

Mr. B.S. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera. 261

tennee about 2°5 times the length of the head with the sixth
joint (as in ornatus, Jabl., and degeert, Uz.) divided, with the
style long, longer than joint 6. Joints 5 and 6 broadly
united,

Belonging to the section wherein the sixth antennal joint
is divided and easily separated from both ornatus and degeeri
by the long antennal style and the coloration of the antenne,
body, wings, &c.

Hab. KH. Arrica; 1 2 only, Lake Victoria Nyanza, Ki-
sumu, a village situated at the lower end of the Bay of Kavi-
rondo (alt. 1112 metres), Dec. 6. 1911, no. 23 (Alluaud et
Jeannel).

Dendrothrips indicus, sp. n.

Length about 0°7 mm.

Colour brown, end of tibie and tarsi yellowish. Antennal
joint 1 light yellowish to grey-brown, 2 brown, 3-5 yellow to
ereyish-yellow, 6 to 8 brown, 6 inclined to be lighter basally.
Fore-wings with the second fourth grey-brown and a narrow
grey-brown bar near tip.

Very near to D, sewmaculatus, Bagn. (Ceylon), but differing
sharply in the colour of the abdomen and wings. Antennal
Joints 5 and 6 closely united and together longer than 3 and 4,
style short, 6 not divided. Antenne more than twice as long
as the head.

3 .—Smaller. Abdominal sternites 2 to 7 with a small,
slightly oviform, central, thinly chitinized area.

Type. In Coll. Bagnall, University Museum, Oxford.

Hab. InpiA, N. Malabar; on leaves of arrowroot, Sept.
1918 (amakrishna), Reg. no. 337.

Scolothrips 6-maculatus (Pergande).

I have had the opportunity of examining Schille’s type of
Chetothrips uzeli, which is larger than the 0°57 mm. given
in his description. It belongs to the genus Scolothrips, as
already stated, and if not identical with S. 6-maculatus, it
comes very near to it. ‘lhe second antennal joint is greyish,
and not concolorous with the first, whilst the dark bands
across the fore-wings are larger. Comparison with American
examples of S. 6-maculatus is desirable before reaching a
decision as to the specific identity.

262 Mr. R. S. Bagnall on new Thysanopiera.

I also possess three poor examples of a smaller Scolothrips
which agree well with S. 6-maeculatus ; the markings on the
wings agree with Eind’s description, but the macrocheete: of
the ‘pronotum appear to be longer. These examples were

taken in Russia, and it was noted that they were feeding on
red mites (a peculiar feature observed in the American
species), but I have unfortunately mislaid my Russian corre-
spondent’s letter, and am unable at present to give fuller data,

Odontothrips ulicis (Hal.).

Upon examining some examples of O. ulicts from Bohemia,
ex Uzel’s collection, I was struck by several differences
readily discernible upon comparison with British examples of
ulicis from Ulex spp. There is no means of knowing the
flowers from which Uzel’s examples were taken, and until
further continental material has been studied there can be
no certainty that the true O. ulicis exists outside the British
{sles or upon other plants than Ulex spp. It differs from
Uzel’s species in its larger size, the longer hind tibie, which
has a larger series of longer and stronger spines on the inner
margin ; the whole of the antenne is of a very dark brown
colour except joint 3, which is of a dirty greyish-yellow,
whilst the sixth joint is comparatively longer. The two
basal antennal joints in the g are grey-brown. I hope to
describe the species minutely when monographing the British
species of the order.

Odontothrips uzeli, sp. n.
(for Odontothrips ulicis (Uzel), nec Haliday).

See remarks under above species, O. ulie’s. The antenna,
apart from colour, are manifestly shorter and stouter; the
following are the comparative lengths of joints 3 to 8, those
for O. uzelt being more or less approximate :—

O. uzeli, Bagn. 43: 88: 26: 36:5: 10.
O. ulicis (Hal.) 51:48:34:47:8:

The interocellar bristles are shorter than in ulzezs, measuring

10 as to 16 in the last-named species.

Separated from QO. ulicis on material from Bohemia, ex
Coll. Uzel, after whom I have pleasure in naming the species.

Odontothrips ignobilis, sp. n.

Of about the same size as uzeli, Bagn., and the antenne of
similar proportions, the approximate lengths of joints 3 to 8

Mr, R. S. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera. 263

being as follows :—42 : 37: 26:37:6:11. Colour of an-
tennge entirely brown except for joint 3, which is of a clear
light yellow. Fore-wings (excepting for a small area on the
lower margin) without the clear basal space seen in both
ulicis and uzelt. Fore-tibia with one “ tooth” reduced to a
very small sharp tooth and the other replaced by a dark
stout seta.

Readily recognized by the armature of the fore-tibie, the
eae base of fore-wings, and the colour of the antenne,
zc.

Type. In Coll. Bagnall, University Museum, Oxford.

Hab. SPAIN, Ortigosa (Logrosa), 1892; 2 only (Coll.
Navas).

Genus FRANKLINIELLA, Karny.

a. Small yellow species.
Frankliniella delicatula, sp. n.

? .—Length c. 1:0 mm.

This species resembles Ff. pallida (Uzel) somewhat
closely, and may be separated by the more slender antenne,
which has a much longer style, the apical joint being much
longer than the basal. ‘The pronotal macrochete are shorter
than in palida. The fore-wings are colourless and have
noticeably fewer spines, whilst the series of spines on the
inner margin of hind tibia are also fewer in number.

The species will be more closely described in a paper I
hope to prepare shortly on Messrs. Alluaud and Jeannel’s
material from Hast Africa.

Hab. Kast Arrica, 1 ?, 1.1.1912; Kikuyu Country,
Blue Post Hotel, situated at the confluence of the rivers
‘hika and Tchania, about 50 kilometres from Nairobi, alt.
1520 metres (Al/uaud et Jeannel, no. 29).

? Frankliniella cephalica, Crawf.

The species I recorded from Trinidad as F, melanommata,
Williams, is not truly referable to that species. I believe
that it is referable to cephalica, but unfortunately the anal
segments of the male of neither species is described satis-
factorily, no mention being made of the specialized dorsal
spines of the ninth tergite.

=

264 Mr. R. 8. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera.

In the type-specimen ¢ of melanommata the chief bristles
at hind angles of abdominal segments 9 and 10 are long and
moderately stout, whilst there is a pair of short rather slender
sete on the ninth tergite placed close to the posterior margin,
one on each side of the mid-line, the distance separating them
being about 0°6 the length of the seta, and a long bristle
situated between the postero-median pair and the posterior
angles.

In my Trinidad examples now doubtfully referred to
cephalica there is a single available ¢, the bristles at poste-
rior angles of the abdominal segments 9 and 10 are very
much stouter; there is a pair of postero-median setee much
as in melanommata, but stouter and more spine-like, whilst
there is a more widely separated pair of weaker and shorter
setee situated on a higher plane, the arrangement being
roughly an obverse arc.

Frankliniella distinguenda, sp. n.

? —Length c. 1:0 mm.

Very like #. melanommata, but paler, very slightly
smaller, more slender, with distinctly shorter and_ stouter
antenne. Head transverse, about 1°4 times as broad as
long. Cheeks weakly arched, subparallel ; interocellar and
postocular spines present, very short and weak. Antenne a
little more than twice as long as the head, pale, first joint
almost white, 3 to 5 faintly tinged with greyish-brown
distally, 6 to 8 of a uniform light grey-brown. Relative
length of antennal segments 3 to 8 approximately as
follows :—54 (with pedicel) : 48: 39: 52:8: 12.

Pronotum longer than the head, the two pairs of bristles

at posterior angles and the antero-angular pair long; the
inner of the postero-angular pairs distinctly longer than the
outer, about 0°55 as long as the pronotum ; the outer postero-
angular and the antero-angular pair subequal, 0°4 the length
of the pronotum. The postero-marginal median pair smaller
still, widely spaced, containing a pair of minor sete between
them and three minor sete on each side. Number of spines
on the costa, fore-vein, and hind-vein of fore-wing approxi-
mately as follows :—23, 3+16, and 16 respectively. Seg-
ments 9 and 10 of abdomen rather long, terminal bristles
moderately long, slender.

@.—Much asin the 9, smallerand more slender. Macro-
cheetee of the terminal abdominal segments long, stout.
Tergite 9 as described for F. melanommata ; with a minor

§

SEs ——-

Mr. R. 8. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera. ° 265

seta between the outer long pair of postero-marginal sete and
the postero-angular macrochete.

Hab, SouTtH America, Puerto Max (Paraguay), 1905 ;
5 2? 9 andl g with #. gemina and F. owyura, spp. n.
(Vezenyt).

Frankliniella gemina, sp. n.

? .—This species is so like F’, distinguenda that a separate
description is unnecessary. It is chiefly recognized by the
well-developed cephalic and the longer antero- and postero-
marginal pronotal seta. The antenne are comparatively a
little longer and apparently a shade more slender; the relative
lengths of joints 83-8 are approximately :—d8;54:42:56:9
and 13.

The comparative lengths of the cephalic and pronotal
macrocheete are as follows :—

EF. gemina. -F. distinguenda,

Heap:
Mberoce late sa, 9 ree. aches (8600) 01 8'06/ ance 18 8
IPOSLGCUIEAL vn ws deserts ne Nie OBI DG BOK 15 7
PRONOTUM:
AONGETO- AMO VERE oats a/el'si oeete 0 oy ae ete’ « 24 19
PATULCLO~MIATO UMA Nas 5 cis: ahs) ay<,5;0:07o/04n) » oh ens 20 11
Postero-angular, oute®.......00c006 20 19
y me UNG Pe che stei eer inmer eth 26
Postero-marginal, median .......... 15 11

fg .—With the distinguishing cephalic and pronotal cheeto-
taxy asin the ¢. ‘Terminal segments with the macrochetee
longer than in disténguenda, but the inner pair of specialized
sete of the ninth tergite shorter and less slender ; otherwise
as in distinguenda. I can find no trace of a minor seta
between the long outer pair of tergal sete and the postero-
angular macrochete.

Hab. SoutH AMERICA, Puerto Max (Paraguay), 1905;
39 ¢ andl @ with /, distinguenda and F. oxyura, spp. n.
(Vezeny?).

b. Larger dark brown species, antennal joints 3 to 5 and base

of 6 light yellow.

Frankliniella fulvipes, sp. n.

? .—Length about 1°3 mm.
Colour chestnut-brown ; first two antennal joints light

266 ° Mr. B.S. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera.

brown, 3 to 5 and basal third of 6 very pale creamy yellow,
almost white, and 6 distally and style light grey-brown ; fore-
wings dark brown, basal fourth or thereabouts much lighter ;
fore-femora yellowish-brown, all tibie: and tarsi pale yellow,
sometimes lightly touched with pale grey-brown.

Head as in F. insularis, narrowed posteriorly and about
1°3 as wide across eyes as long; postocular and interocellar
bristles well-developed, approximately 0°7 and nearly 1:0 the
length of the eye respectively, the postocular pair almost
touching the hind margins of the eyes. Antenne about 2°5
times as long as the head, general form much as in Ff. insu-
laris, with apical setee of intermediate joints very long and
strong; relative lengths of joints 3 to 8 approximately as
follows :—76 : 67: 48:57:10: 20.

Pronotum 1°3 times as long as the head, transverse ; macro-
cheete: as in insularis, almost subequal in léngth, the inner
antero-marginal pair being nearly 0-9 or more the length of
pair at posterior angles, which latter are 0°6 the length of the
pronotum. Legs normal, pair of stout dark spinelets at
apex of fore and intermediate tibia within and the series on
the inner edge of hind tibiee numbering 8 or 9, the pair at
apex being long, stout, and straight, approximately 0°8 the
width of the tibia near apex. Wings normal, spines of costa,
fore-vein, and hind-vein numbering about 26, 19, and 17
respectively.

Abdomen slightly broader than pterothorax ; last two
segments inclined to be darker than the rest of the body;
segment 10 divided for the most of its length above; terminal
bristles long, stout, dark.

This species comes nearest to F. insular’s (Franklin), but
is readily recognized by the coloration of the antenne and
the relative lengths of the joints, and the coloration of the
tibiee.

Hab. Sourn America, Tucuman (Argentine) ; 4 ? &,
November 1905 (Vezeny?), with /. selipes, sp. n.

Frankliniella setipes, sp. 0.

9? .—Length about 1:5 mm.

Colour uniform dark chestnut-brown, fore-tibize inclined to
be lighter ; all tarsi pale yellow ; first two antennal joints
concolorous with head, joints 3 to 5 and basal half of 6 pale
lemon-yellow, distal half of 6 and style pale grey-brown.

Head not noticeably convergent posteriorly, about 1:2

Mr. R. 8. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera. 267

times as broad as long ; postocular and interocellar bristles as
in F, fulvipes, sp. n., 0°S and 11 times the length of the eye
respectively. Antenne as in F. fulvipes, about 2°3 times
the length of the head; relative lengths of joints approxi-
mately as follows :—65: 54: 44:53:10:

Pronotum slightly longer than the head, transverse ;
macrochete as in /. fulvipes, but not quite so long compared
to the length of the pronotum. Minor sete of both head and
pronotuim stronger and more conspicuous than in /, fulvipes.

Legs normal, spines at inner apical margin of tibia not so
stout as in fulvipes ; minor sete numerous, longer and more
conspicuous, giving the legs a distinctly setose appearance
even under a low-power objective.

Wings coloured as in F’. fulvipes ; curled in the available
material, and therefore a count of the wing-spines is im-
possible.

This species is separated from /’, fulvipes by the longer
head, which is not convergent posteriorly, the shorter
antennee, and the colour of the tibie. Itis a larger, darker,
and coarser insect, and distinctly more spinose. Both setipes
and fulvipes here described may be separated from all other
described forms by the distinctive coloration of the antenna.

Hab. SoutH America, Tucuman (Argentine); 3 ? 2,
with F. fulvipes, sp.n., Nov. 1905 (Vezenyz).

c. Dark species, colour of antenne otherwise.

Frankliniella oxyura, sp. n.
2 .—Length c. 1:05 mm.

Colour brown, abdomen generally darker than head and
pronotum; pterothorax furnished with a good deal of red
hypoderma]l pigmentation ; femora brown, the fore-pair
yellowish distally ; all tibiee and tarsi yellow, the hind pair
lightly tinged with faint grey-brown in some specimens.
Antennee brown, joint 2 slightly darker than 1, 3 pale greyish
yellow, and 4 yellowish brown, lighter basally. Wings
yellowish brown, lighter, but not conspicuously so, in the
basal fourth. General colour yellowish-brown in light
specimens.

Head approximately 1°3 times as broad as long, cheeks
practically parallel. Interocellar setze apparently obsolete,
postocular pair minute and inconspicuous. Antenne about
2°2 times the length of the head, rather stout, segments 2, 3,

268 Mr. R. 8. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera.

and 4 plainly broader than 6. Relative lengthis of joints 3 to
8 approximately as follows :—42 (including pedicel) : 39:27:
elec s/o:

Pronotum a little longer than the head, transverse; seta at
each anterior angle about 0°3 and the outer pair at each
posterior angle 0-4 the length of the pronotum ; the inner
postero-angular pair slightly longer than the outer. The
antero-marginal and the postero-marginal median pair shorter,
about 0°2 the length of the pronotum. Legs normal, series
of spines of hind tibize within numbering 8 to 9; not particu-
larly strong or conspicuous. Wings reaching to the seventh
abdominal segment, fore-wings about thirteen times as long
as broad near middle, veins strong, ribbed; bristles mode-
rately long; costa, fore-vein, and hind-vein with about 23,
3+15 (13 to17), and 14 (12 to 16) bristles respectively,
apparently variable ; cilia of lower margin wavy.

Abdomen elongate, a little broader than the pterothorax,
with the last segments more than particularly long and
sharply pointed. Last segment about 0°6 as broad at base
as long, open for most of its length dorsally. Bristles on
segments 9 and 10 moderately long, slender, the longest
scarcely as long as the length of segment 10. ‘Tergite 8 with
a regularly set fringe of about twelve hair-like chitinous
projections, long and fragile, with stout bases.

Recognized from the other small brown species of the
genus—tympanona, minuta, and fusca—by the coloration of
the antenne and legs, and distinctive on account of the shape
of the end of the abdomen.

Hab. SoutH AMERICA, Puerto Max (Paraguay) ; 1905,
? 2 only (Vezenyz).

Frankliniella insularis (Franklin).

Hab. South America, Los Trincheras (Venezuela) ;
Dec. 1891, both sexes (Metnert).

Frankliniella varicorne, sp. 0.

@ Length about 1:2 mm.

General colour yellowish-brown ; head inclined to be
lighter, shaded with grey, and abdomen of a deeper grey-
brown. Thorax with light red hypodermal pigmentation.
Wings very lightly washed with a suspicion of greyish-
yellow, cilia light grey-brown. Antennee with joints 2 and
6 to 8 dark brown, 1 very pale greyish-yellow, 3 and 5 dirty

—

Mr. R. 8. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera. 269

yellow shaded lightly with grey-brown in the distal half or
thereabouts; 4 also yellow but more deeply shaded with
grey-brown in the distal two-thirds or thereabouts. Legs
more or less yellowish, femora lightly touched with grey-
brown.

Head transverse, about 1°5 times as broad as long, sides
convergent posteriorly ; interocellar and postocular bristles
long and prominent, the former being decidedly the longer.
Antennze apparently more than 2°5 times as long as the
head, only moderately stout, much as in F’. stylosa, Hood,
with the relative length of the joints 3 to 8 as follows :—
5d (with pedicel) : 52: 39:53: 8: 9.

Pronotum large, about 1°3 times as long as the head ;
bristles long and stout, the inner of the two bristles at each
hind angle the longest of all, about 0°6 the length of the
pronotum, the outer only about 0°7 the length of the inner.
The bristles at each anterior angle also long, but the antero-
marginal pair much shorter and the postero-marginal median
pair shortest of all, about 0°3 the length of the pronotum.
Legs normal, moderately long and stout. Fore-wing with
25, 3 (or 4)+18, and 19 sete on the costa, fore-vein, and
hind-vein respectively.

Abdomen of normal form, comb on posterior margin of
tergite 8 apparently present but indistinct in the single
preparation ; segment 10 open dorsally ; bristles on 9 and 10
long, dark, and moderately strong.

d .—Searcely 0-9 mm. in length, very slender, yellow,
suffused almost entirely with a light grey to grey-brown.
Antennal coloration much as in 2, but generally paler, with
the shading of 4 and 5 more clearly defined. Sides of head
scarcely convergent.

Relative lengths of antennal joints 3 to 8 approximately as
follows :—46 (with pedicel) :40:32:44:7:8. Costa,
fore-vein, and hind-vein with 24, 8+15, and 15 seta respec-
tively. Macrochete of abdominal segments stout, dark;
tergite 9 with a pair of postero-marginal median stoutish
spines flanked by a long bristle on either side, broadly as in
F. melanommata,

This species differs from both F. schultzei (Tryb.) and
. stylosa, Hood, in the subequal joints of the antennal style.
It comes very close to the European /, ¢ntonsa, but is recog-
nized by the longer prothorax, the inequality of the pronotal
bristles, and the less strong terminal macrovheetee in the @.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. iv. 20

270 Mr. R. 8S. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera.

Type. In Coll. Bagnall, University Museum, Oxford.

Hab. CANADA, Semans, Sask.; 1 9 and 2 gg on Petalo-
stemon purpureum, 4. vill, 1917 (A. 1. Cameron, no. 27).

Genus Eururips, Targ-Tozz.
a. Sivth antennal joint entire.

Euthrips citricinctus, sp. n.

Length c. 1:0 mm.

Head, pronotum, abdominal segments 1, 2, and 6 to 10
deep blackish chestnut-brown ;_ pterothorax brown, abdo-
minal segments 3 to 5 and base of 6 lemon-yellow. Fore-
wings tinted light greyish-yellow, basal fourth lighter and a
darker ill-defined brown patch in the second fourth. Hind-
wing with dark median vein extending into distal fourth.
Anterior legs yellow; intermediate pair of femora yellow
faintly shaded with grey-brown (the rest of the middle pair
of legs are not present in the type-specimen) ; hind-femora
yellow-brown ; tibie yellow tinged with grey to grey-brown.
Antenne brown, with joints 3 and 4 light greyish-yellow, 3
being lighter than 4, extreme base of 5 yellowish.

Head 0°9 as long as broad, rounded between eyes ; dorsal
surface posteriorly transversely striate. Hyes moderately
coarsely facetted ; ocelli rather widely separated, with strong
crescentic hypodermal pigmentation ; mouth-cone long. An-
tenn: about 1°5 or 1°6 times as long as the head. Relative
lengths of joints 4 to 8 as follows *:—10: 10: 14:3: 4.

Pronotum quadrate, as long as the head, slightly broader
basally, where it is 0°8 (or more) as broad as long.

Pterothorax about as long as broad, mesothorax broader
than the metathorax. Wings reaching to the eighth abdo-
minal segment, fore-wings broad, about fourteen times as
long as broad across the middle; spines very minute, 8 or 9
on the upper and 8 on the lower vein ; lower fringes of all
wings wavy.

Abdomen elongate-ovate, distally obconical. Tergite 8
with a fringe on posterior margin; the lateral seta each on a
broad triangular base. Segment 10 open dorsally. Apical
bristles fairly long, dark.

This species very closely approaches Karny’s EL, flavi-
cinctus from Java. I am unable to identify it with his

* On account of the angle at which the basal part of each antenna is
mounted, I cannot give a description of joints 1 to 3,

Mr. R. 8S, Bagnall on new Thysanoptera. 271

species, however, on account of the very different colouring
of the legs, the shorter antenne, and the form of the fore-
part of the head.

Type. In Coll. Bagnall, University Museum, Oxford.

Hab. Invia, N. Malabar, on arrowroot-leaves ; 1 2 , Sept.
1918 (Ramakrishna). Reg. 337.

b. Stwth antennal joint divided.

Euthrips cameront, sp. n.

9? .—Length 1:25 mm.

Belonging to the section of the genus containing JL,
obscurus (Mill.) and £. secticornis (Tryb.), both of which
are known from North America.

Head yellowish, but largely shaded with dark grey-brown ;
pronotum yellow more lightly shaded with grey-brown ;
prothorax yellowish, but mostly shaded with brown. Abdo-
men uniform chestnut-brown, the segments 9 and 10 darker ;
legs yellowish, lightly shaded with grey-brown. First an-
tennal joint yellowish, shaded with grey-brown, second
brown ; third yellow; fourth light grey-brown, basally
yellow; 5 to 8 dark chestnut-brown, 5 with extreme base
yellowish. Wings light greyish-yellow.

Head as long as broad; eyes occupying about 0°45 the
total length of head; ocelli with deep crescentic crimson
hypodermal pigmentation. Antenne not quite twice as long
as the head; joint 3 longer and narrower than 1, 2, 4, or 5
and as long as 6 (with divided part) and much narrower ;
fusiform and pedicellate. Joints 2 to 8 broadly as follows *:—
9 : 22 (with pedicel) : 18: 15 : 22 (with divided part): 4: 5.
Pronotum subquadrate, as long as the head and a little broader
near base than long. Wings well-developed, spines of fore-
wings minute, apparently few and sparse on upper vein,
about 10 on lower vein.

Abdomen elongate-ovate, tapering somewhat apically ;
tenth segment open dorsally, bristles long and_ strong.
Fringe of posterior margin of tergite 8 moderately long
and even.

3g .—A male example is mounted laterally. It is smaller
than the ? and apparently lighter in colour. The special
series of spines on tergite 8 very stout as in Physothrips

* Unfortunately mounted at an angle.
20*

272 Mr. R. S. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera.

lefroyi, Bagn., and set on tubercles ; the inmost pair longer,
stouter, and on a higher plane, another pair more widely
spaced and close to posterior margins (on account of the
lateral view it is impossible to say where there are one or
two pairs in this posterior series, but I am almost certain

there is only one pair). ;

Type. In Coll. Bagnall, University Museum, Oxford.

Hab. CanaADA, Semans, Sask., Aug. 4, 1917, 1.2 and
1 ¢ in injured wheat-stems (A. EH. Cameron).

This species is easily separated from L. obsewrus, Miill.,
and H. badius, Williams, by its coloration and from £.
secticornis (Tryb.) by the 3rd antennal joint and the structure
of the 5th and 6th joints in which H. cameroni agrees with
obscurus. I have pleasure in naming the species after.
Dr. A. E. Cameron, of the Entomological Branch of the
Canadian Dept. of Agriculture, who discovered it whilst
investigating wheat-pests.

Genus LIMPHYSOTHRIPS, nov.

General appearauce of Physothrips and, although the
antennee are broken in the unique preparation, it will almost
certainly be found that the style is two-jointed,

Pronotum with two long bristles at posterior angles. TFore-
tibis unarmed. Both veins of fore-wing ahaa set with
long bristles.

Tenth segment divided dorsally and armed with a very
stout pair of dorsal spines at apex as in Limothrips.

Differs from all genera excepting Limothrips in the pre-
sence of the strong spines of the tenth abdominal segment.
It further differs from Physothrips in.the chetotaxy of the
fore-wings and from Qdontothrips in the unarmed fore-tibia.
From Limothrips it differs in the general character of the
wings, head, and prothorax, and in the absence of the
additional stout spines present in the eighth abdominal seg-
ment of that genus.

Type. Limphysothrips paradoxus, mili.

Limphysothrips paradoxus, sp. 0.

With the characters of the genus.

? Length c. 1°3 mm.

Colour brown, wings with a yellowish tinge ; fere-femora
yellowish distally, fore-tibiee and all tarsi yellowish ; inter-
mediate and hind tibize yellowish at extremities. Basal joints

Mr. R. S. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera. 273

light grey-brown shading to yellow-brown at apex of
2nd joint.

Head tranverse, cheeks slightly widened and set with
several short sete behind eyes. Eyes coarsely facetted and
minutely setose. Inter-ocellar bristles very long.

Pronotum transverse ; bristles at hind angle long and
stout. Wings long, reaching to apex of abdomen. Sete of
tore-wings long, those of costa very long, numbering 26 ;
fore-vein 3+16 and lower vein 15.

Abdominal segment 10 cylindrical, open above with a pair
of very stout horn-like dorsal spines at apex, and a pair of
lateral apical bristles longer than the segment bearing them.
Posterior bristles of 9 placed somewhat back, the lateral pairs
long, longer than or as long as the segments 9 and 10 to-
gether, an inner dorsal pair about 0°15 the length of the
longer ones. A short dorsal pair, widely spaced.

Hab. GERMAN [Ast Arrica, Alpine prairies around Bis-
marckhtigel, altitude about 2700 metres, 1 9, April 1912
(Alluaud et Jeannel, no. 70).

Suborder ‘T'UBULIFERA,
Family Phleothripide.
Genus Haplothrips.
a. Fore-wings with duplicated cilia, slender, clouded.
Haplothrips pictipes, sp. n.

9 .—Length 1*2 mm. to 1:3 mm., breadth of mesothorax
c. 0°28 mm.

Colour dull chestnut-brown, tube darker basally ; fore-
femora yellowish distally ; all tibie light yellow, more or less
shaded with grey-brown except the base of intermediate pair
and the basal two-fifths of the hind pair; the shaded part
usually flecked with darker brown on the outer margin of the
tibie. Antenne brown, joint 3 yellow touched with light
grey-brown in the distal half, 4 yellowish or greyish-yellow
distally and basally. Wings clouded, clear basally, darkest
before middle and lighter distally.

Head about as broad as long and 1:25 times as long as the
pronotum ; cheeks distinctly narrowed near base; eyes occu-
pying about 0°38 the length of the head. Ocelli large, placed
on a swelling with a strong hypodermal pigmentation ; front

one directed forwards, hind pair placed above a line drawn
across the centre of the eyes ; postocular bristles moderately

274 Mr. R. 8. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera.

long, about 0°26 the length of the head, fundibuliform.
Antenng approximately twice as long as the head, segments
3 and 4 subequal, and 5 to7 slightly shorter and also approxi-
mately subequal ; relative lengths of 3 to 8 as follows :—a6:
35: 30 : 30: 30: 21.

Pronotum transverse, nearly twice as broad as long ; all
sete present, dilated apically and well-developed ; those at
posterior angles longest, about 0°4 the length of pronotum ;
the postero-marginal and mid-lateral pairs 0°35 and the antero-
marginal pairs 0°3 the length respectively. Fore-femora
stout; fore-tarsi each armed with a short tooth. Fore-wings
normal, cilia sparse, few and widely spaced, duplicated cilia
in three specimens 5 : 6,5: 6 and 5: 7 respectively.

Abdomen not as broad as the pterothorax, tube 0°75 to 0°8
the length of the head, about 0°45 as broad at base as long,
and half as broad at apex as at base. Apical hairs longer
than tube, dark in the basal two-thirds but losing colour and
very slender distally. Abdominal bristles light-coloured, the
longest on segment 9 about 0°6 the length of tube, and colour-
less distally ; those on 7 the same length, but stouter.

Type. In Coll. Bagnall, University Museum, Oxford.

Hab. IxpiA, Taliparamta, Malabar, on diseased pepper-
berries, September 1918 (Ramakrishna), Reg. no. 348.

b. Fore-wings without duplicated cilia.

Haplothrips unicolor, sp. n.

? .—Length 1°5 to 1:6 mm., breadth of mesothorax c.
0°3 mm.

Colour of a uniform deep black-brown including tarsi, fore-
tibiee yellowish-brown distally ; third antennal joint a little
lighter in shade than the others. Wings, excepting scale
which is brown, clear.

Head rather large, divergent posteriorly (though this may
have been caused in mounting), and about 1°5 times as long
as the pronotum ; ocelli situated well forward on a produced
prominence, the anterior ocelli overhanging and well in front
of a line drawn across the anterior margins of the eyes.
Antennze about 1°5 times as long as the head; joint 4
broader than any of the others ; relative length of segments
3 to 8 approximately as follows :—44: 47 : 44: 42 : 38: 24,
last two joints closely united, 4 to 7 each with a narrow
basal constriction.

Mr. R. S. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera. 275

Pronotum transverse, sete at each hind angle colourless,
blunt, and about 0°6 the length of the pronotum ; others
apparently vestigial. Wings well-developed, constricted
near middle, clear, and fore-wings without duplicated cilia.
Cilia comparatively few and not close. Fore-tibize normal,
fore-tarsus with a very small tooth.

Abdomen somewhat heavy, as broad as or very slightly
broader than the pterothorax, narrowing gently posteriorly.
Tube about 0°7 the length of the head; 0°6 as broad at
apex as at base and more than twice as long as broad at base ;
chitinous “rod” long. Apical hairs weak, colourless distally,
about 0°8 the length of the tube. Abdominal bristles mode-
rately long, colourless.

3.—More slender, Fore-legs rather long and not strongly
incrassate and fore-tarsal tooth (tucked under the prothorax
in the unique preparation) apparently small. Spines at pos-
terior angles of abdominal segments minute except on 8 and 9.

Recognised by the colour, the clear wings, the absence of
duplicated cilia in the fore-wings, and the apparent paucity
of pronotal macrochete. 2. nigricornis Bagn. (S. Africa),
is a much larger and stouter insect, with closely ciliated
wings.

Type. In Coll. Bagnall, University Museum, Oxford.
Hab. Soutu AFrica, Pirie, 4 2 2? andl ¢.

Podothrips varicornis, sp. n.

¢ .—Slender ; length about 1-1 mm.

Colour deep chestnut-brown ; fore-tibia and fore-tarsi
yellow. First two antennal joints concolorous with head,
3 light yellow with the distal third clouded with light grey-
brown, 4 also yellow with the distal two-thirds light grey-
brown; 5 and 6 light brown, basally light yellowish, 7 and 8
grey-brown. Wings clear basally and distally, but medianly
clouded with a smoky-brown.

Head 1:2 to 1°3 times as long as broad, cheeks faintly
arched and evidently slightly convergent posteriorly ;. ocelli
well forward, with the anterior one overhanging. Postocular
spines well back. Antennze not quite twice as long as the
head, segments 3 and 4 broadly clavate and much broader
than the following ; relative lengths of joints 3 to 8 approxi-
mately as follows :—39 : 40: 37 : 35:36:24. Pronotum
about 0°9 the length of the head, transverse; all sete

276 Mr. R. S. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera.

apparently present, short, dark, slender but blunt at ends ; of
the two at each hind angle the outer is about 0°34 and the
inner 0°26 the length of the pronotum, whilst the seta at each
anterior angle is only about 0°2 the length. Wings slender,
sub-linear, slightly constricted medianly ; cilia comparatively
sparse and distant ; fore-wing with duplicated cilia. Legs
comparatively stout, fore-legs incrassate, fore-tibize short,
only about 0°5 the length of the femur ; the end within pro-
duced into the form of a tooth; tarsus armed with a strong
sharp tooth.

Tube stout, about 0°8 the length of the head, about 0°7 as
broad at apex as at base and a little more than twice as long
as broad at base. ‘Terminal hairs weak, colourless terminally,
and longer than the tube. Abdominal bristles somewhat

long, slender ; those on segment 9 as long as or slightly
longer than the tube.

Type. In Coll. Bagnall, University Museum, Oxford.

Hab. SoutH A¥Frica, Cape Town, 1 ¢ in flower of Sugar
Bush (Protiacta), July 13th, 1914 (HL. B. Poulton).

ig Ms aq: a
Trichothrips melanurus, sp. 0.

2 —Forma aptera. Length c. 1-4 mm.

This species comes into the section of the genus containing
yellowish to brown species, and having the tube shorter than
the head and the mouth-cone reaching across the prosternum.
It most closely approaches 7. semicwcus, Uzel, from which it
differs in the shorter tube, coloration of the body, and
appendages.

Head and prothorax brown, pterothorax and abdominal
segments 1 to 8 more or less irregularly brown. Abdominal
segment 9 yellow and tube deep black; except for extreme
base and apex where it is brown. All femora light brown,
fore-femora yellow apically ; all tibie and tarsi light lemon-
yellow, more chitinous part of end tarsal joints black-brown.
Antennal joint 1 light brown, 2 yellowish tinged with brown,
3 light lemon-yellow with distal half light yellow-brown, 4
dark brown in distal half, basal half light lemon-yellow,
5 and 6 distally dark brown with approximately the basal
third and fourth light lemon-yellow ; 7 and 8 wholly dark
brown. ‘The head is as long as broad, slightly longer than
the pronotum, with the cheeks subparallel, only slightly
narrowed at base and the front straight, so that the head is
practically square with the two fore-corners cut off by the
eyes. ‘lhe eyes are small, the space between them wide and

ll alte

-s

r

New Geometridee in the Joicey Collection. 977

dorsally occupying less than 0°2 the total length of the head.
Postocular bristles long, colourless. Ocelli present, well for-
ward. Antenne twice as long as the head ; relative lengths
of joints 3 to 8 approximately as follows:—51: 50:43: 42:
36:24. Joint 4 broader than 3 or 5; 3 claviform, 4 clavi-
form; 5 subclavate, stemmed; 6 also stemmed, and 7
constricted at extreme base to a very short stem. Sense-
cones stout, rather blunt.

Pronotum transverse, a little more than twice as broad as
long. All sete present, practically colourless and therefore
inconspicuous ; those at posterior angles the longest, the
outer and inner being 0°55 and 0°45 the length of the pro-
notum respectively ; mid-lateral pair short and the pair at
anterior angles about 0°25 the length. Fore-femora slightly
incrassate and fore-tarsus toothed,. Pterothorax not as broad
as the width across the fore-coxe, about 0°75 as. long
as broad.

Abdomen slightly broader than the pterothorax ; roundly
narrowed apically, bristles moderately long, colourless, and
inconspicuous. ‘lube about 0°75 the length of the head ;
2°25 times as broad at base as at apex, sides straight and
evenly narrowed. Apical hairs weak, short, about 0°5 the
length of the tube.

Type. In Coll. Bagnall, University Museum, Oxford.
Hab, AustRAuiA, F. T. Gulley, 27. 10. 13 (F. Spry).

This is the only data at my disposal.

XXVI.—New Species and Forms in the Joicey Collection.
By Louis B. Prout.

Fam. Geometrida.
Subfam. G/yvoczromivz.

1. Cartaletis gracilis landbecki, subsp. n.

Like gracilis variegata, Prout (Nov. Zool, xxiii. p. 274), in
the extension of the fulvous markings, but distinguished by
having these of the pale shade of forbes, Druce, whereas in
g. vartegata they are of the warm reddish shade of sapor,
Druce, or of Paraptychodes tenuis, Butl. ‘The most constant

278 Mr. L. B. Prout on new Geometride

point of distinction between g. gracilis and its more southerly
races is the absence of black costal dusting on the proximal
part of the fore wing in the latter ; in g. gracilis the costa is
black or blackish to the base. Except at the base and on
the hind wing g. landbecki is individually very variable ; the
pale fulvous shade may disappear before one-third of the
costa, and not reappear, or it may reappear as an isolated
spot in the region of the distant areole, or with a large spot
at base of veins R?-M}, or it may run broadly to beyond
middle of costa, becoming confluent with the last-named spots
(name-type), and there may even be a further extension of
the outer spots into an irregular band proximal to the black
border and reaching SM’.

Upper Kasai District; Congo Free State (P. Landbeck) ;
736 incoll. Joicey. :

It may be pointed out that landbeck’, Druce (Ann. & Mag.
Nat. Hist. (8) vi. p. 400), wrongly described as an Aletis,
and cited there by me in Lep. Cat. viii. p. 79, is a Mimaletis
(subfamily Geometrine), so that there is no fear of collision
in the use of this subspecific name.

Subfam. //zurryHEIna.

2. Thalassodes clarifimbria, sp. u.
9 42-49 mm.

Face reddish brown. Palpus somewhat more reddish,
beneath yellow-white ; third joint relatively short, about half
as long assecond. Vertex and antennal shaft white; occiput
green ; thorax and abdomen green above, unmarked ; beneath
white to whitish.

Fore wing green, rather duller and bluer than in sem?-
hyalina, Walk., the white strigulation rather strong ; costal
edge yellow at extremity, then whitish ; lines white, rather
faint, obsolete costally ; antemedian placed as in the allies;
postmedian rather far from termen anteriorly, reaching
hind margin at two-thirds; fringe almost white.

Hind wing with termen more feebly bent at R* than in the
allies, excepting perhaps semzhyalina; concolorous with fore
wing, the elongate cell-mark and the postmedian line both
present, but rather indistinct.

Underside paler green, almost unmarked ; fore wing with
costal edge pale yellow ; both wings with fringe whitish.

Ceylon: Maskeliya, Aug. 1905 (type) and June (G. C.
Alston), in coll. Joicey ; Hakgale, April 1907 (E. E. Green),
in coll. Brit. Mus.; the latter yellower green, perhaps faded.

Distinguishable from the allies by the whiter fringes and

an the Joicey Collection. 279

browner face ; also (except from semthyalina, which has a
white dorsal line and is, especially in Ceylon, much smaller)
by the shape. Assuming that the g has non-dilated hind
tibia, the natural position will be next to the last-named
species.

Subfam. S7arrur 2.
3. Scopula linearis, f. alstoni, form. n.

3 ?.—Differs from name-typical linearis, Hmpsn. (Ill.
Het. Brit. Mus. viii. p. 123), in that the incurved portions of
the postmedian line (between the radials and behind M?—
both here conspicuously blackened) are followed distally by
dark patches (ochreous irrorated with black, especially at
their distal extremity) about as in stigmata, Moore, or some
forms of walkeri, Butl.

Ceylon: Uva, 500 feet, May (G. C. Alston), a pair in
coll. Joicey ; also a poor g from Pundaloya (Z. £. Green)
in coll. Brit. Mus.

I have not seen the /inearis form from Ceylon, so that this
may well prove aconstant race, or even representative species,
as I at first thought the hind tibia appeared still thicker; but
the known variability of some species of the group in respect
of the postmedian blotches makes me hesitate until more
material is available. Name-typical linearis is fairly frequent
in the Nilgiri and Palni Hills, and occurs also in Sikkim and
Bhotan ; from none of these localities have I seen specimens
approaching the alston? form.

>]

4, Scopula subpartita, sp. n.

¢ .—26-28 mm.

Face brown-black, narrowly whitish below. Palpus
black above, ochreous whitish beneath, Vertex and antennal
shaft light ochreous brown ; collar darker; antennal joints
slightly projecting, ciliation nearly twice as long as diameter
of shaft. Thorax and abdomen light ochreous brown, more
whitish beneath ; abdomen dorsally with some black irrora-
tion and ill-defined medio-dorsal spots. Fore leg and (more
slightly) mid leg infuscated on upper and inner side ; hind
tibia rather long, dilated, fringed above and with rather long
whitish hair-pencil ; hind tarsus nearly one-third as long as
tibia.

Fore wing moderately broad, costa gently arched poste-
riorly, termen smooth, little curved ; light ochreous brown,
appearing slightly darker and rougher than in most of the
nesciaria group, on account of slight greyish suffusions and

280 Mr. L. B. Prout on new Geometridse

moderate blackish irroration; cell-dot black ; markings
grey; antemedian line ill-defined, strongly angled in cell,
strongly oblique posteriorly, marked with slight shades on M
and SM?; median shade rather thick, strongly oblique from
middle of hind margin to R’, vertical to SC’, then oblique
inward but indistinct; this shade very slightly incurved
between SM? and M' and between the radials, feebly dentate
outwards on M?, M’, and R*; postmedian fine, lunulate-
dentate, formed about as in the allies, accentuated by small
dark dashes on the veins; subterminal pale grey shades
moderately developed, leaving the clear rather broad sub-
terminal tolerably distinct, formed of a series of lunules
which are in part almost separated by very fine darkening of
the veins ; terminal black spots small but sharp ; fringe in
proximal half concolorous, with some black irroration (espe-
cially distally), in distal half paler, almost clear.

Hind wing with termen convex, rather full about the
middle, but with the bend at R® inappreciable ; proximally
rather paler than fore wing, and without antemedian line,
otherwise with the markings continued, the median shade
straight or nearly so, proximal to the cell-dot, the postmedian
thicker than on fore wing, with the vein-dashes weaker.

Underside paler, the fore wing, except at hind margin, with
strong brownish-smoky suffusions from base to median shade ;
minute black cell-dots present ; postmedian line of fore wing
nearly as above, of hind wing fine and faint; subterminal
shades slight; terminal dots present ; fringes concolorous,
not irrorated.

Khasis (native collector), type in coll. Joicey. Other
examples merely labelled ‘‘ Assam.”

Distinguishable from atlentata, patularia, etc., by the less
short tarsus, spotted abdomen, sharply defined dark proximal
area of fore wing beneath, and by the tone of colour. Females
from the same source as the paratypes, and agreeing exactly
in the last respect, fail, however, of the other distinctive
characters, and have also slightly narrower wings, the termen
of the hind wing rather less convex, more recalling the
African khakiata, Warr., and can for the present only be
cited here with a query.

5. Scopula segregata, sp. n.

.—23-25 mm.
Face black. Palpus brown, mixed with black above and
becoming pale beneath. Vertex white. Antenna ciliate

Ce! ie pny o

in the Joicey Collection. 281

(broken in both examples). Collar brown. Thorax above
pale brown; abdomen whitish. Hind tibia slender, with
long thin hair-pencil, spurs wanting ; tarsus as long as tibia.

Fore wing with costa very gently arched, apex acute,
termen oblique, straight anteriorly, very slightly curved
posteriorly ; pale brown, with a tinge of fleshy-ochreous and
with minute olive-grey irroration ; cell-dot minute, blaek ;
antemedian line obsolete; median shade rather thick, grey,
strongly oblique and straight from just beyond middle of
hind margin to R' or SC’ midway between cell-dot and
termen, then less oblique and much fainter; postmedian line
fine, parallel and approximated to median ; subterminal shades
rather weaker and rather less oblique; terminal line very
fine, continuous, scarcely thickened between the veins; fringe
concolorous or slightly more reddish, unmarked,

Hind wing not broad, costal margin relatively long
whiter than fore wing, especially proximally and costally
irroration strongest in abdominal region; cell-dot minute,
black ; median shade faint, only traceable in abdominal
region ; postmedian and two subterminals fine, weak, fleshy-
greyish, nearly parallel with termen, apparently (at least the
postmedian) finely crenulate ; terminal line and fringe nearly
as in fore wing.

Fore wing beneath with ill-defined smoky suffusiona as
far as the median shade, hind wing rather more uniformly
coloured than above ; both wings with markings nearly as on
upperside, hind wing with terminal blackish dots,

Teng-yueh-ting, W. China; 2 g¢ g in coll. Joicey.

Very distinct from any Indo-Australian Scopula known to
me; more associated with the African group silonaria, Guen.,
commaria, Swinh., fragilis, Warr., ete.

°
’
.
3

6. Scopula petula, sp. n.
So 2 .—31-33 mm.

Coloration and aspect of napariata, Guen., or slightly
warmer in tone. Antenna of ¢ with the fascicles of cilia
considerably longer. Hind tarsus of ¢ considerably longer
(at least 2 as long as tibia).

Fore wing with termen more oblique, as long as hind
margin ; cell-dot subobsolete or sharply black, but in any
case placed on the posterior extremity of DC*; postmedian
line at its costal exttemity rather more displaced proximally,
here somewhat thickened but vague; terminal dots rather
large and sharp.

282 Mr. M. A. C. Hinton on

Hind wing with terminal dots rather large and sharp.

Underside similar to that of napariata, fore wing rather
more suffused.

Sierra del Libano, Dept. Magdalena, Colombia, 6000 feet
(11, H. Smith) ; type & and three ? @ in coll. Joicey.

7. Scopula toxophora, sp. n.

? .—25 mm.

Nearest to habilis, Warr. (Nov. Zool. vi. p. 31). Body
and wings above and beneath much more ochreous.

Fore wing with antemedian line curved in cell, not (as in
habilis) angulated ; postmedian slightly less oblique, ante-
riorly (about R!) forming a much stronger outward curve
than in habilis; cell-dot obsolete.

Hind wing with termen not appreciably elbowed; cell-dot
obsolete.

Fore wing beneath rather glossy, proximally somewhat
suffused with rosy grey ; antemedian line and cell-dot obso-
lete, postmedian line feeble, obsolete anteriorly ; hind wing
unmarked; both wings with terminal line rather weaker than
above. .

Bitje, Ja River, Cameroons, 2000 feet, Oct.—Nov. 1912
(G. L. Bates); type in coll. Joicey.

XXVII.—Notes on the Genus Cricetomys, with Descriptions
of Four new Forms. By Martin A. C. HINTON.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

In determining some specimens of Cricetomys from Zanzi-
bar and the southern part of the Congo Basin, I have had
occasion to work through all the material in the British
Museum. This material, although extensive, is scarcely
sufficient for an attempt to revise the whole genus. Many
forms have been described, but with one exception all have
been treated as mere subspecies of C. gambianus by modern
workers—in my opinion, four species at least are at present
included under the name.

1. Cricetomys gambianus, Waterhouse.

An examination of Waterhouse’s type shows that the name
gambianus is applicable only to the harsh-furred white-
bellied forms ranging eastwards from the Gambia and

the Genus Cricetomys. 283

Senegal to the S.E. Soudan and the country between the
Nile and the Congo. Southwards this species extends into
Southern Nigeria and the Welle Basin, its range partly over-
lapping that of the sleek-furred species of Western and
Central Africa.

C. gambianus, as I understand it, is a comparatively small
species, in which the hind foot rarely measures more than
65 mm., while the condylo-basal length of the adult skull
rarely exceeds 67 mm. It has loose harsh fur, which varies
in density according to the subspecies. The general dorsal
colour is a rather cold grey, which may or may not be more
or less darkened along the spine and over the rump by long
black hairs. The ears are dusky and in conspicuous contrast
with the rest of the dorsal surface. ‘The underparts are
white separated from the flanks by regular, though often not
very sharp, lateral lines of demarcation. The feet are whitish
above, with more or less extensive dusky markings, the
proximal half or third of the tail is dusky, the remainder
being white.

The skull and teeth are normal ; the palate without a post-
terior median spine, but often with a minute median notch.
The bullee show a certain amount of subspecific variation in
size ; and more important variations, dependent upon the
development of the jaw-muscles, are discoverable between
the subspecies in the region of the infraorbital canal when
the skulls are studied with sufficient care.

Four subspecies, inclusive of a new one described below,
are now known ; but others will probably deserve recognition
when further material comes to hand. These subspecies are :—

1. C. g. gambianus, Waterhouse.
Gambia and Senegal; type B.M. 55. 12. 24. 136 from
the Gambia.
2. C.g. dichrurus, Osgood.
Anambara River, 8. Nigeria; type B.M. 5.12.1. 21,
2 adolescent.
3. C. g. olivie, Dollman.
Bornu, N. Nigeria; type B.M. 11. 5. 12. 9, male.
4, C. 9. grahamt, subsp. n.

C. gambianus graham, subsp. n.

Type-—An adult male (B.M. 19. 3.2.1), collected on
November 1, 1918, on the Nuba Mountains, S.E. Soudan
(altitude 1500'), by Major C. Graham and presented by him
to the National Collection. No other specimen known,

284 Mr. M. A. C. Hinton on

Deseription.—In dorsal colour this form makes a nearer
approach to dichrurus than to other subspecies of gambianus ;
but the cranial characters are closely similar to those of ol/vice.

Tn its harsh loose fur, cold grey dorsal colour, and sharply
contrasted dusky ears, C. g. grahami resembles the other
races of gambianus. In general external appearance, length
and quality of the fur, markings of the hands and feet, and
in the relative proportions of the black and white of the tail
it agrees best with déchrurus. In the latter the black hairs
of the back are so abundantly developed that one could
almost describe the rump as being “clouded” with black ;
in grahami this is not the case, although the black hairs are
far more numerous and obvious than in true gumbianus and
oliviw. The specimens obtained by Kmin Pasha in Monbuttu
are lighter-coloured and have thinner fur.

In the skull the nasals are a little shorter relatively than in
gambianus and dichrurus, about as in olivice ; nasal length
equals 40°4°/, of condylo-basal length in grahami, 39°5-40:1 “/,
in olivie, and 41:5-42°4°/, in gambianus and dichrurus. The
anterior palatal foramina are also short relatively ; their
length equals 8°6 °/, of condylo-basal length in grahami,
89-116 °/, in oltvie, and 11°7-13°/, in dichrurus and
gambianus.

As is well known, the cranial differences observable
between closely allied species or subspecies of rodents chiefly
involve characters which depend upon the greater or less
development of one or other of the elements of the jaw-
musculature. In order to appreciate such differences it
seems better to compare the measurements relating to them
with a standard representing the working surface of the jaws
alone rather than with one which involves the brain-case as
well; the length between the anterior face of the upper
incisor and the posterior edge of m.’ seems to be a good
constant for such a purpose. In the subjoined table certain
measurements relating to the masseter and temporal muscles
are shown as percentages of this constant. With regard to
the masseter system, the anterior part of the masseter medialis,
passing through the infraorbital canal, would seem to be most
strongly developed in gambianus and dichrurus, while its
surface of origin is shortened and its bulk slightly reduced in
grahami, the reduction in bulk being carried still further in
oliviw ; the development of the masseter lateralis in so far as
it is indicated by the diameter of the zygomatic plate seems
to stand, generally speaking, in an inverse relation to the
development of masseter medialis. Characters dependent
upon the development of the temporal and pterygoid muscles

the Genus Cricetomys. 285

may be similarly investigated ; but in the case of the
temporalis, far greater changes transpire with advancing age
than is the case with the masseter system. The material
before me in the present instance is not rich enough in old
skulls to lead to any definite result beyond the fact that the
posterior portion of the ¢emporalis is stronger in those forms
with a relatively weak masseter medialis than in those in
which the latter muscle is more powerfully developed :—

Incisor to m.? = 100 :—
Masseter medialis. grahami, olivie. gambianus, dichrurus,

Length of preorbital fossa
for origin of JMasseter
TUTTO” A Rees open Pe ol? Slasulon, Sxore ayer oes

Greatest transverse dia-
meter of infraorhital
CHT GULe Pogter res LNRM: 3, ove

bo
fon)
Cr
bo
Lh)
ie
bo
ox
~~
bo
“I
a
|
bS
ie)
bho
bo
~I

Masseter lateralis.

Least antero-posterior dia-

meter of outer wall of
infraorbital canal .... 178 16°3-17'7 14:5-16°4 15-4

Temporalis.

Mastoid breadth minus the
least distance between
temporal ridges behind, —82°7 BZ 291 28:8

Collector's measurements of type.—Head and body 300 mm. ; tail 357 ;
hind foot 70; ear 35 (hind-foot measurement too large, 65 on skin).

Measurement of skull.—Condylo-basal length 62°4 ; zygomatie breadth
31:7; interorbital constriction 9°8; mastoid breadth 23°4; nasals
252 x 88; incisor to m.* 34:3; diastema 20; length of anterior palatal
foramina 6'4; length of preorbital fossa for masseter medialis 10°7 ;
least diameter of zygomatic plate 6:1; molar crowns 10-4.

2. The emini or sleek-furred group.

In the southern part of the tract occupied by C. gambianus
and in the forested region to the south of it we meet witha
number of forms which, if judged by external appearance
alone, would all be referred to one single species. The forms
in question range from the Gambia, Fernando Po, Gold
Coast, and adjoining countries on the west, eastwards and
southwards right through the Congo Basin; they appear also
to have an outlying representative in the island of Zanzibar.
All are characterized by the possession of soft, sleek, and silky
fur, which varies in length and density in different parts of
the enormous range indicated. Beneath the uniform coats a

5 . . .
great wealth of variation is displayed in the skulls ; and I

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist, Ser. 9. Vol. iv, Pad

286 Mr, M. A. C. Hinton on

believe that these forms represent several perfectly distinct
species. It is difficult tocompare sku'ls of poensis, dolichops,
and emin? without coming to such a conclusion. Far more
material -is needed, however, before any attempt to work
out the relationships can succeed. Ona the present occasion
I have to describe two new forms: one from the southern
part of the Belgian Congo, best treated as a subspecies of
C. emint, Wroughton ; the other from the island of Zanzibar,
provisionally accorded full specific rank.

Cricetomys emint sanctus, subsp. n.

Type—An adult male (teeth more than half-worn)
collected at Inkongo, Sankuru, on August 27, 1912, by
Mr. H. Wilson; B.M. 13. 4. 7. 5. No other specimen
known.

Description,—Compared with typical C. emint, this form
differs in having much shorter and thinner, though equally
sleek fur, and more importantly in its much paler coloration
and smaller size.

The back is a light brown approaching clay-colour, while
the flanks are still lighter ; underparts pure white. The ears
and a stripe extending forwards between the eyes dusky ;
owing to the pallid dorsal coloration the ears are more
strikinely contrasted with the pale cheeks and surrounding
parts than in typical emini. ‘The feet are brown, practically
concolor with the back. The white of the tail occupies
rather more than the terminal third.

Apart from its smaller size the skull differs from that of
typical emtni only in having relatively shorter palatal
foramina; their length amounts to 9:8 °/, of the condylo-
basal length instead of 11°7-13:4 °/, as in true emini.

Collector's measurements.—Head and body 297 mm.; tail 595; hind
foot 69; ear 88.

Measurements of skull (with corresponding dimensions of the type of
emini in brackets)—Condylo-basal length 65:1 (74:6); zygomatic
breadth 380°8 (35:4); interorbital constriction 10°3 (11:4); mastoid
breadth 23 (26°6) ; nasals 27°39 x 9:2 (82:7 x 11:1); incisor to m.° 35°7
(40°2); diastema 22°] (24:1); length of anterior palatal foramina 6:4
(9°5) ; length of preorbital fossa for masseter medialis 11°8 (15°6) ; least
diameter zygomatic plate 5°6 (7); molar crowns 10:1 (11°4).

Cricetomys cosenst, Sp. 0.
Type.—An adult female (B.M. 19. 6. 9. 20) collected. by

Mr. H. H. Swinny on the island of Zanzibar on April 29,
1919; presented to the National Collection by Colonel Cosens,

the Genus Cricetomys. 287

In addition to the type we have from Zanzibar three speci-
mens collected by Mr. J. T. Last and an adult male collected
and presented by Dr. Aders.

Description.—Apart from its larger size this species is
very similar in outward appearance to C. emdni sanctus, just
described. ‘The fur is short and thin, but quite soft and
sleek. In four of the specimens, including the type, the
general colour of the back ranges from russet or cinnamon
to mummy-brown; but one sent by Dr. A lers is consider-
ably darker. There is no distinct trace of mid-dorsal
darkening in any. Tne underparts are thinly clothed with
pure white or yellowish hairs. The ears are brown, nearly
matching the dorsal colour. The hands are whitish in colour
from the wrists. The feet are dark brown above, with the
digits and inner margins whitish. The terminal half of the
tail is white.

The skull is about as large as in emini (condylo-basal
length 68-73°3 mm.), and considerably larger than in
gambianus ; it agrees with that of em¢ni further in its
relatively small zygomatic breadth ; this dimension expressed
as a percentage of the condylo-basal length ranges between
46°7 and 47°8 in evseast, 45°4-47°8 in emini, and 49-52-5 in
gumbianus. The anterior palatal foramina are relatively
larger than in eminz, their lengths ranging between 12°5 and
14°2 */, of the condylo-basal lensth instead of between 9°8
and 13°4 */,, and the breadth 4:9-6°2 ‘/, instead of 4:3-4:8 °/..
In other respects the skull agrees with that of emini.

Collector's measurements of type (with dimensions of Dy, Aders’s speci-
men in brackets).—Head and hody 343 (369) mm.; tail 890 (381); hind
foot 70 (72); ear 41.

Measurements of skull of type (with those of Dr, Aders’s specimen in
brackets).—Condylo-basal length 72 (73:3); zygomatic breadth 33:6
(34'7) ; interorbital constriction 11:3 (10°6); mastoid breadth 25:1 (25:4);
nasals 31 x 10 (33°3 x 10); incisor to m.* 39°8 (40-7); diastema 24:2
(24-7) ; length of anterior palatal foramina 10-2 (9-7); length of pre-
orbital fossa for masseter médialis 14:4 (145); least diameter of
zygomatic plate 6°3 (5°3) ; molar crowns 10:7 (10:7).

Remarks.—The Zanzibar Cricetomys is of quite excep-
tional interest, and I have much pleasure in naming it after
Colonel Cosens, who is most generously finding the funds for
Mr. Swinny’s collecting work, The nearest geographical
allies of C. cosensi are the mainland forms named by Heller
C. g. enguvi and C. g. osgoodi; but these in common with
the numerous mountain races described from East Africa
are animals of a wholly different type. ‘They resemble

gambi mus, as well as the southern subspecies vi rt », cunctator,
21 *

288 On the Genus Cricetomys.

and adventor, described from the region between Lake Nyassa
and Zululand, in having long loose fur which imparts a
characteristic shaggy appearance—and in their skulls, of
course, they have their own peculiarities. On the other hand,
COSENS? 18 clearly very closely allied to the geographically
remote emini, differing from the typical race of the latter
species in little beyond its paler coloration and thinner fur.

Other groups.

The discussion of the relationships of the HK. African
members of the genus must be reserved for another occasion.
Thomas has described a very distinct species, C. ansorgei, from
Angola ; this animal is of large size and the characters of its
coarse pelage, dark ventral coloration, large skull, and teeth
have suggested a possible affinity with some of the EK. African
forms. The skull-characters, however, seem to show that
there is no close affinity between ansorget and the many
mountain forms from HE, Africa. I would take this oppor-
tunity to describe a Cricetomys from Lagos which, resembling
ansorgei in external appearance, is of far smaller size. It
may be known as

Cricetomys servorum, sp. n.

Type.—An adult female (B.M. 10. 10. 24. 2) from Lagos ;
collected and presented by Captain Lawrence.

Description.—This species closely resembles C. ansorget in
general appearance; it is distinguished oy a much smaller
size (hind foot about 60, instead of 72-79 mm.) and by
various cranial peculiarities.

The fur is loose, thin, and of harsh cay The general
dorsal colour is ne Ap mummy-brown gradually lightening to
erey on the flanks ; the flauk-colour merges insensibly in the
daik ashy grey of the underparts, the ventral hairs having
slaty bases. Ears dull brown, sharply contrasted with the
pale cheeks in front, but matching the dorsal colour behind.
Hands and _ feet lighter dorsally, their colour being near
Brussels brown ; ie digits and lateral margins whitish.
The tip of the tail is white, but much of the caudal epidermis
has peeled off in the type and only known specimen, so that
it is uncertain how far upwards the white extends.

The skull is distinguished from that of ansorget by its
much smaller size, small bulle, relatively shorter nasals,
longer diastema and anterior palatal foramina. It lacks the

Method of taking the Incisive Index in Rodents. 289

rather prominent postorbital processes which are characteristic
of the larger species. —;

Measurements.—Hind foot measured on the skin about 60 mm.

Measurements of skull (with corresponding dimensions of a skull of
ansorgei in parentheses).—Condylo-basal length 68°7 (77) mm. ; zygomatic
breadth 33 ea. (38) ; interorbital constriction 10:2 (11:4) ; mastoid breadth
24-2 (27-1) ; nasal 28 x 10-1 (33x 10°5) ; incisor to m.’ 36°8 (42°38) 5 dia-
stema 22 (23-9) ; length of anterior palatal foramina 8'8 (82) ; length of
preorbital fossa for masseter medialis 14 (14) ; least diameter of zygo-
matic plate 6:2 (81) ; molar crowns 10°5 (12°8).

XXVIIL.—The Method of taking the Incisive Indea tn
Rodents. By OLDFIELD ‘THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Tue angle at which rodent incisors protrude from the jaw
has long been recognized as an important character of diffe-
rent groups, but it is only recently that an attempt has been
made to define that angle more exactly, instead of merely
speaking of “incisors thrown forward” and so on.

tbl

h

Diagram showing method of taking incisive index in rodents.

This angle, when exactly measured and defined, proves
to be exceedingly useful as a systematic character, but it is
essential that the way it is taken should be clearly understood.

290 Mr. Hl. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabidae.

The line of the grinding-edge of the che: k-teeth being taken
as a basis, the angle was in the first paper * deduced from
that formed by the terminal part of the incisor; but later on t
I have found it better to use the whole extruded part of the
latter tooth. But since the description of the taking of the
angle might be easily misinterpreted, I have now had _ pre-
pared the accompanying diagram showing the way the process
is carried out and the angle read off. This will, I hope,
facilitate the work of other observers.

Incisors thrown forward are those with a high resultant
angle, and might be called, as suggested in 1918 f, ‘ pro-
odont,” upright ones (approximating 90°), ‘* orthodent,” and
those turned in towards the throat, with low angular index,
* opisthodont.”

The benefits of such definition as is given by a numerical
angle have already been fully emphasized, and need not be
here again detailed.

XXIX.—Papers on Oriental Carabidee.—ILI.
By H. E. Anprewes.

CAR A-BAIN 1,

Calosoma beesont, sp. n.

Length 24-25 mm. ; width 10°5 mm.

Black ; vertex ard sides of head, sides of prothorax,
elytra, and underside (except along median line) zneous.

Head (4°55 mm. wide) convex, closely punctate, more
finely on neck, strigose near eyes; mandibles not much
curved, with moderate cross-striation ; joints 2 and 3 of
antennee compressed, with a sharp edge, 3 half as long
again as 4,

Prothorax transverse (7 x 4°5 mm.), cordate, bordered in
front and at sides, slightly emarginate in front; base bi-
sinuate, hardly wider than apex; sides strongly rounded,
faintly sinuate behind, border not quite reaching base ;
median line faint ; basal fovez rather small, adjacent to hind

* J. Bombay N. H. Soe. xxiy. p. 408 (footnote) (1916).
t+ Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) xviii. p. 302 (footnote) (1916).
{ Ibid. (9) i. p. 35 (footnote) (1918).

Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabide. 291

angles ; surface moderately convex, closely punctate, mvure
sparsely on disk, more coarsely along base and front margin.

Elytra moderately short and wide, nearly four times as
long as prothorax, with a long scutellary stria, a fine sutural
stria, and fifteen more or less crenulate striz (punctate on
disk near base) ; a wide aciculate marginal area, in which
towards apex two further ill-defined striz can generally be
detected ; primary intervals (4, 8, and 12) with a series of
shallow, brassy punctures, each with a fine raised point ; all
intervals imbricate, but on the first two or three near base
the cross-lines are replaced by fine punctures; interval 6
usually wider towards apex, with the surface irregularly
broken up.

Underside coarsely punctate, more finely on middle of
ventral surface; metasternum smooth, middle of prosternum
nearly so, the puncturcs more or less confluent on met-
epistcrna and sides of ventral surface, latter irregularly
depressed, last segment transversely striate ; grooves on pro-
sternal process not reaching apex, metepisterna hardly longer
than wide, a tuft of hairs on their outer margin near base.

$. Front tarsi with three dilated joints; intermediate tibiee
curved, hind tibie straight, former densely clothed on inner
and middle of outer surface, latter on inner surface towards
apex with light brown hairs,

Q. All tibize straight, the intermediate ones clothed with
light brown hairs on middle of outer surface.

The species belongs to Motchulsky’s Caminara group, and
is closely allied to C. imbricatum, Klug, but a little larger ;
the colour is alinost identical. Head more coarsely punctate,
less noticeably striate near eyes; mandibles much more finely
striate, antenue thicker; prothorax more coarsely punctate,
a little less contracted behind ; punctures on the primary
iatervals of the elytra less numerous; underside much more
coarsely sculptured, intermediate tibie (g) more curved.

N. India, United Provinces: Mondali, Kathian, Molta,
aud Bodyar, all Jaunsar Himalayas, 7500’-8000' (C.F. C,
Beeson). Thano, Dehra Dun _ District, 4000’. Kalela
Forest, Simla Division, “found eating the deodar’s defo-
liating caterpillar.’ 11 ex., ¢ ?. All Forest Research
Institute, Dehra Dun.

N.W. Himalayas (2. P. Stebbing) 5 ex., all very defective.
British Museum.

The type (Beeson) is in the British Museum,

bo
Je)
bo

Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabide.

OMOPHRONINI.

Omophron rotundatum, Chand.

This species was described by Chaudoir from Mesopotamia
and the Transcaucasian Provinces of Russia. In the col-
lection of the Indian Museum, Calcutta, there are two

examples (both very defective) which I refer to this species,
one labelled ‘Quetta, Baluchistan (Webb-Ware),” the other
‘“* Mussoorie, W. Himalayas, c. 7000 ft.” In both the green
patch on the prothorax continues nearly to the side margin,
the colour, however, merging into brown, lighter in the
Quetta, darker in the Mussoorie example. In the former
there is a small, rather faint fuscous spot at the middle of
the base of the elytra; in both examples the sides of the
median green patch on the elytra are quite dissociated from
the central part, and form separate rounded spots; the hind
patch is of the same width as in the type-form, but longer.

Omophron bicolor, sp. 1.

Length 3°75-4°0 mm.; width 2°75-3°0 mm.

Black ; upperside blue-green ; labrum, clypeus, middle of
front, autennz, palpi, legs, ventral surface, and a broad
border on prothorax and elytra, together with epipleure,
testaceous,

Head moderately convex, flat in front, shiny, moderately
and sparsely punctate, the testaceous colour on clypeus and
front not quite reaching level of hind margin of eyes.

Prothorax strongly ‘transverse, moderately convex, base
projecting backwar rds in middle and bisinuate at ‘sides,
emarginate in front ; front angles acute, porrect, contiguous
to eyes, hind angles about right, side margin reflexed but
continuing with hardly any break the contour of elytra;
median line just visible, surface shiny, moderately and
uniformly punctate, smooth near margin, testaceous border
covering on each side in front one-fourth of width of front
margin, but contracting to half the width at base.

Elytra rather flat for the genus, not much dilated below
shoulder, widest at a fourth from base ; striate-punctate,
the punctures evanescent towards apex, strie 1-12 and 15
clearly marked, only traces of 13 and 14 visible, intervals
smooth; the broad testaceous border reaches stria 9 at base,
contracts to stria 10 at a third from base, expands again to

Mr. H. B. Andrewes on Oriental Carabidee. 293

stria 7 at a half, and contracts to stria 9 at two-thirds ; the
green colour, pointed at extremity, does not quite reach
apex, and the line of junction of the two colours is a little
jagged throughout.

Underside coarsely but sparsely punctate, ventral surface
smooth.

Larger than QO, brettinghame, Pasc., similar in outline,
but much less convex, a bluer green in colour, testaceous
border on both prothorax and elytra much wider, the line
where the colours meet on the elytra much less regular,
striz less evanescent towards apex.

Dacca 1 ex., “India” 2 ex., all from coll. Bowring.
British Museum.

Calcutta, Eden Gardens, 7.x1.1911 (/. H. Gravely), 1 ex.,
“at light.” Indian Museum.

Omophron testudo, sp. n.

Length 7-°0-7°5 mm.; width 4°5-5:0 mm.

Brown-black ; vertex and sides of head, a large spot on
prothorax, and elytra dark green; front, clypeus, labrum,
palpi, front and sides of prothorax, two irregular fascie on
elytra, with margins, apex, and epipleure, ventral surface
and legs testaceous-red.

Head wide (2°25 mm.), front smooth, but with a little
transverse striation, finely striate near eyes, green area at
back coarsely shagreened, very coarsely, sometimes con-
fluently punctate, clypeal suture angular in middle.

Prothorax strongly transverse (3°75 mm. wide), both
front and hind margins produced in middle, latter slightly
bisinuate on each side, median projection forming an obtuse
angle, former emarginate on each side beliind eyes, all angles
acute, width gradually increasing from apex to base, sides
slightly rounded in front and faintly sinuate before hind
angles; surface coarsely shagreened, smoother at sides, lon-
gitudinally striate along base, middle of base flattened and
coarsely punctate, sparsely punctate along front margin,
median line fue but distinct, not reaching margins ; green
patch more or less rectangular, extending from middle of
base a title more than halfway towards both apex and sides,
margins ill defined.

Elytra shortly oval, shiny, with fifteen very finely pate
strie, of which only 1 and 15 actually reach apex, 2, 3, 7, §,
and 11 terminating long before it, intervals convex, minutely

294 Mr. H. EB. Andrewes on Oriental Carabidie.

and sparsely punctate. The front fascia is wide at the
margin and just reaches the shoulder; it contracts aud
almost disappears on interval 10, widens again over 7 and 8,
contracting and disappearing on 5. The hind fascia is
similar outwardly, but inwardly it extends over interval 4.
The testaceous apical area sends an arm forward along inter-
vals 7-9; the green colour extends nearly to apex along
intervals 1 and 2.

Underside smooth and glabrous ; prosteruum in front of
coxze, its episterna at base, and the prosternal plate with a
few punctures, last-named bordered at sides, subocular ridge
well marked, extending inwards rather beyond buccal fissure,
the area between it and the eye longitudinally striate. The
first two joints of the front tarsi and the first joint of the
intermediate tarsi are dilated in the ¢.

I have compared examples of this species with a specimen
in my collection taken by Pére Cardon at Nowatoli in Chota
Nagpur, which (though I have not had the opportunity of
comparing it with the type) I identify with O. guttctum,
Chaud. The new species is larger, more nearly circular,
but otherwise very similar both in form and pattern, though
in C. guttatum the latter is more clearly defined. Head
more roughly sculptured, more coarsely punctate, clypeal
suture with an angle in the middle, instead of semicircular,
subocular ridges similar ; sides of prothorax more rounded,
base flattened, surface more coarsely but less punctate ;
intervals of elytra more convex, surface more shiny, front
fascia extending inwards to interval 5 only (in gutfatum it
reaches 4), hind fascia and testaceous apical area wider, the
latter with a more jagged front margin; punctures on
prosternum and its episterna fewer.

Annam: Keng Trap. Tonkin: Tranninh. Laos: Ko
Kieng (R. Vitalis de Salvaza), 5 ex. The type is in the
British Museum.

Inthe genus Omophron there is usually present beneath
the head on each side a subocu/ar ridge. This runs inwards
and a little forwards from near the side of the head and
extends as far as the buccal fissure or even beyond it. The
area between the ridge and the eye is somewhat depressed
and rugose or punctured. In 0. limbatum, I., the ridge is
short and inconspicuous, the area in front of it coarsely
punctate. In the species just described the ridge is very
evident, the front adjacent area longitudinally striate,
without punctures. I mention this character, as I find it a
variable one and I think it may possibly prove useful for
purposes of classification.

Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Ortental Carabidee. 295

OZHENINI.

Befcre describing any new species I give a table of the
Oriental genera :—

1 (4). Ligula bisetose or ending in a sharp

spine, last joint of palpi cylindrical,

gene embracing back of eye, mentum

toothed, joint 11 of antenne shorter

than 9+10.
2 (3), Ligula ending in a sharp spine; para-

* glossee wide, with setose margins, ex-

tending far beyond ligula, but not*en-

veloping it; genze forming a tooth and

extending outwardly beyond level of

eye*; mandibles with three or four

teeth ; both labrum and clypeus with-

out setee on upper surface..........., PsEUDOZENA, Cast.
3 (2). Ligula bisetose, completely enveloped by

the paraglosse, which are glabrous;

genz not extending outwardly beyond

eye-level; mandibles with one or two

teeth; front margin of labrum pluri-

setose (8-setose in J. castaneus, Sch.

Goeb., and 12-setese in J, dentatus m.) Iramus, Schm. Goeb.
4 (1), Ligula quadrisetose, paraglossee wanting

(or at all events indistinguishable), last

joint of labial palpi acuminate, gens

not embracing backof eye, joint 11 of

antennz equal to or longer than 9+10,
5 (6), Mentum with an obtuse tooth; front

margin of labrum plurisetose but not

denticulate (8-setose in D. bioculata m.

and 6-setose in D. parallela m.); joint

lsoteantennse—9="1 0s ae ie eae DHANYA, gen. nov.
6 (5). Mentum edentate; front margin of labrum

plurisetose and denticulate (8-setose

in. plagiata, Schm. Goeb., E. japonica,

Bates}, and £. matanga m., 10-setose

in £. bryanti m.) ; joint 11 of antennz

aaoin tog us Baten gee: NR NORMS iP ’... Hustrra, Schm. Goeb,

Itamus dentatus, sp. n.

Length 15°0-17°5 mm.; width 4°0-5-O mm. (The further
measurements given are those of the larger specimen, which
is the type.)

* OF P. spissicornis, Fairm., of which I have not seen an example, its
author says ‘ tuberculo pone-oculari nullo.” Mr, Lesne (Mission Pavie,
1904, 62, t, 8. f. 13) says that the species belongs to another genus.

t+ In Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 19183 (published 2.i.1914), p. 418, Com-
mandant Dupuis says that in Z. japonica, Bates, joint 11 of the antenne
=9+10. 1 have numerous cotypes before me and find that 11=8+4+9+410
as in the other species of this genus,

296 Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Garabide.

Pitch-black above, dark red beneath; tibiee and tarsi nearly
black.

Head large (3°75 mm. wide), flat, uneven, sides of front
depressed, leaving a raised area in middle, a few setiferous
pores on vertex and sides; front margin of labrum 12-setose,
including a large setiferous pore on each side, just behind
the rounded angles; clypeus transverse, with well-marked
suture, finely and remotely punctate, slightly emarginate in
front, a seta at each side.

Prothorax transverse (4°0 x 3°5 mm.), moderately convex
on disk, margins explanate and reflexed behind, with half-a-
dozen setiferous pores ; apex widely but faintly emarginate,
much wider than base, which is truncate; sides almost
parallel in front, rather strongly contracted about middle
and sinuate before base ; front angles sharp, slightly acute,
porrect, hind angles right, but sharp, projecting a little
laterally, median line short, bounded by transverse impres-
sions, which are well marked ; surface shiny on disk, with
a few coarse setiferous punctures, margins rougher, longi-
tudinally striate in front, coarsely and irregularly trans-
versely striate along base.

Klytra elongate, parallel, not quite three times as long as
prothorax, shoulders carinate but not dentate, a recurved
outwardly channelled tooth at a fourth from apex; striz
deep, coarsely shagreened and vaguely punctate, intervals
smooth, odd ones seriately punctate, an uninterrupted row
of umbilicate pores along margin.

Underside sparsely punctate ‘and pubescent, more evidently
on ventral surface; front femora with a strong tooth.

Much larger and darker than /. castaneus, surface rougher,
front margin of labrum 12-setose, instead of 8-setose, front
femora with a strong tooth (in J, castaneus the front femora
have a short fine carina on the middle of the underside,
which occasionally develops into a moderate tooth).

Tonkin: Hoabinh, 2 ex. (R. Vitalis de Salvaza). ‘The
type is in the British Museum.

DHANYA, gen. nov.

Ligula short, truncate at apex, quadrisetose, paraglossce
wanting.

Mentuim with a broad rounded tooth in the emargination,
much shorter than side lobes, which are outwardly rounded
and obtuse at apex.

Palpi sparsely setose, scum at apex; in the maxil-
laries 4 is half as long again as 2, which is strongly dilated

Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabidee. 207

outwardly, 3 very short ; labials with penultimate plurisetose
on inner margin.

Maxillee slender, hooked at tip, inner margin ciliate.

Eyes moderately prominent, not embraced behind by gene.

Labrum elongate, truncate, plurisetose, and w ihout
denticulations along front margin.

Antenne clavate, pubescent, but only densely so from
(and including) joint 5; joints strongly transverse towards
extremity, joint 11=9+ 10.

Sides of prothorax not much contracted behind, margins
more or less crenulate, without denticulations.

Elytra elongate, parallel, an incision and recurved tooth at
external angle of apical truncature.

Tarsal joints short ; in hind legs 1=2+8+4=5; claws
simple; underside of front tarsi naked, but I cannot dis-
tinguish the sexes.

The type of the genus is D), bioculata m.

The name is derived from a Kanarese word meaning “a
grain of corn.”

Dhanya bioculata, sp. n.

Length 4°0 mm. ; width 1:6 mm,

Dark testaceous ; head, prothorax, and suture of elytra dull
red, antennée (except joint 1) fuscous; each elytron with a
roundish spot just before middle, not quite reaching margin
or suture, and apex black.

Head elongate, smooth, shiny, moderately convex; frontal
foveve large, fairly deep and rugose, a small curved impression
behind elypeal suture ; sides longitudinally striate, bounded
outwardly by a ridge; eyes small, antenne reaching a little
beyond base of prothorax; ligula hidden behind base of labial
palpi, labrum 8-setose along front margin.

Prothorax transverse, moderately convex, shiny, rather
wider than head, equally contracted at extremities, widest at
middle, truncate at base, widely though slightly emarginate
at apex ; sides with a fine reflexed hoeder! very faintly cre-
nulate towards base, gently rounded in front, with a wide
though slight sinuation before base, some setiferous pores
along sides and sides of front margin; both front and hind
angles about right, projecting a little laterally, median line
well marked, reaching base but not apex, a depressed and
finely g granulate area near hind angles ; surface glabrous on
disk, sparsely pubescent near margin, finely striate along
base.

Elytra convex, parallel, rather compressed at sides, half
as wide again as prothorax aud three times as long, shoulders

298 Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabidae.

square ; surface shiny, the striz vaguely indicated by rows
of faint punctures, glabrous on disk, but with several seti-
ferous pores on intervals 3 and 5, shortly pubescent at sides
and apex, where the surface is ‘finely granulate, a row of
umbilicate setiferous pores along margin.

Underside finely granulate, nearly smooth along median
line, sparsely punctate and pubescent, more obviously so on
last ventral segment.

S.E. Borneo: Martapura, 1891 (Doherty), 2 ex. British
Museum.

Dhanya parallela, sp. 1.

Length 4:0 mm. ; width 1:5 mm.

Testaceous; head, prothorax, and antenne red; elytra
with an ill-defined blackish area, covering the middle third
of each elytron, wider outwardly, but not quite reaching
either margin or suture ; ventral surface fuscous.

Head convex (0°75 mm. wide), smooth, moderately shiny,
a curved depressed line on middle of front, bicarinate at
sides; labrum 6-setose; mandibles and maxille both very
sharp at apex; ligula short, but not concealed, slightly
emarginate at apex. Iam unable to determine the number
of setze on the penultimate joint of the labial palpi.

Prothorax a little transverse (1 mm. wide), disk convex ;
side margins explanate, widely so behind, base truncate,
hardly wider than ¢ apex, which is emarginate ; sides forming
an obtuse angle at two-fifths from apex, margin obviously
crenulate, almost straight from front to side angle, and from
side to hind angle; several sete just inside border; frontangles
sharp, strongly porrect, hind angles right, reflexed, transverse
impressions and median line well marked; surface mode-
rately shiny, almost smooth, a little rough near base, with a
few irregularly disposed, long, erect setze.

Hlytra more than three times as long as prothorax,
elongate, parallel; shoulders very square, a re-entrant angle
at suture; disk flat, depressed at a third from base, sides
compressed rather behind middle ; striate-punctate, but the
strie, though fairly regular, are not well defined ; intervals
smooth, rather shiny, 3 and 5 with a row of erect sete.

Underside sparsely punctate and pubescent, more obviously
on ventral surface; front femora with a blunt tooth.

The species differs in many points from D. bioculata m. ;
the ligula is a little longer, maxillee more acute, labrum
6-setose ; front angles of thorax more acute, sides angu'ar,
strie of elytra more clearly defined, especially at base, disk

Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabide. 299

flat and depressed near base, dark spot less clearly defined,
front femora dentate.
W. Sarawak, Mount Matang, 2900’, 23.1.14 (G@. HE. Bryant),
1 ex, in my collection,
Kustra.

1 (2). Size 6 mm., labrum 10-setose, front

margin of prothorax deeply exca-

VCO ap. etek x he stan eras anceietciacs (cL. OMe. I.
2 (1). Size 2°5-3:0 mm., labrum 8-setose,front

of prothorax emarginate.
3 (4). Side border of prothorax without den-

ticulations, front angles very sharp

andhacuition’ Ager eaameenta ete. ae .... EE. plagiata, Schm. Goeb.
4 (3). Side borders of prothorax evidently

denticulate, front angles sharp, but

less acute, very slightly rounded at

tip.
5 (6). Sin 30 mm., prothorax strongly trans-

verse, side marpin widely reflexed,

border finely denticulate .,....... . E, japonica, Bates.
6 (5). Size 2°56 mm., prothorax moderately

transverse, side margin narrowly re-

flexed, border more strongly denti-

CUlaberr ews: estas 2 tee Ste awe, a MmOlangd-In.

Eustra matanga, sp. n.

Length 2°5 mm.; width 1:0 mm.

Testaceous ; apex of antennz a little darker, head red-
brown, a large ill-defined discal spot on each elytrou infuscate.

Head (0°6 mm. wide) smooth, shiny, convex, moderately
constricted at some little distauce behind eyes, some fine
ridges on each side close to eye, one of which is continued
round the eye behind ; antenne clavate, moniliform, pubes-
cent, reaching middle of body.

Prothorax transverse, as wide as head, widest at a third
from apex, base truncate but oblique near hind angles, much
narrower than apex, which is emarginate, sides rounded in
front, smuate before hind angles and rather widely reflexed,
border with 8 to 10 small teeth, which are well marked
towards base ; front angles porrect, acute; hind angles re-
flexed, slightly obtuse; transverse impressions and_ basal
foveze fairly deep, median line reaching base and forming a
shallow fovea where it meets front transverse impression,
but not extending to apex ; surface smooth, shiny, a little
uneven along base.

Klytra convex, three times as long as prothorax, base
emarginate, shoulders prominent; side border reflexed, very
obliquely truncate at apex, with a slight re-entrant angle, a

300 Mr. H. Bi. Andrewes on Oriental Carabide.

small sharp excision just behind the outer angle of the
truncature, followed by a raised tooth; a longitudinal de-
pression at sides on each elytron ; surface shiny, s smooth,
uneven at sides, with scattered shallow punctures, and a
slight raised pubescence.

Smaller than . japonica, Bates ; prothorax less trans-
verse, sides less rounded in front, reflexed border much
narrower, more strongly dentate; elytra narrower, more
parallel, smoother, less punctate and pubescent, infuscate
patches larger.

W. Sarawak, Mount Matang, 16.1.14 and 1.1.14 (G. Z.
Bryant), 3 ex. The type is in my collection ; a co-type is
in the British Museum.

Kustra bryanti, sp. u.

Length 6:0 mm.; width 2°5 mm.

Brown ; edges and apex of mandibles black, ventral surface
fuscous, margins of the segments golden-yellow.

Head (1:0 mm. wide) convex, smooth, shiny, finely cari-
nate at sides; labrum 10-setose ; neck slightly constricted
behind eyes, hardly narrowed behind.

Prothorax transverse (1°8 x 1:3 mm.), strongly contracted
in front, widest at middle (but practically as wide at base) ;
base truncate, a little oblique at sides; apex deeply emargi-
nate (as in the genus Sfitakantha), sides widely reflexed,
rounded in front and faintly sinuate before base, border
almost imperceptibly crenulate ; front angles porrect, em-
bracing head, hind angles right, transverse impressions—
especially the hind one, which terminates at each end in a
shallow fovea—aud median line well marked ; surface shiny
but uneven, very sparsely and minutely pubescent, covered
with a number of dark spots, which look like punctures.

Elytra two and a half times as long as prothorax, shoul-
ders square, disk convex, margin explanate and reflexed as
far as the lateral incision, a re-cntrant angle at apex, sides
moderately compressed ; surface shiny, strongly granulate-
punctate and pubescent, more sparsely on disk ; sides
roughly shagreened.

The joints of the front tarsi, which are very short and
hairy and decrease gradually in size from base, do not appear
to offer any sexual characters.

Distinguished at once from the other described species of
the genus by its much larger size, front margin of labrum
10-setose, and the deeply emarginate apex of the prothorax.

W. Sarawak, Mount Matang,31.i1.14 (G. #. Bryant), lex,
in my collection,

On new Forms of South- American Birds, 30]

XXX. — New Forms of South-Amevican Birds. By
Cuarues Cuuss, I'.Z.S., M.B.O.U., Zoological Depart-
ment, British Museum (Natural History).

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Perissotriccus ecaudatus miserabilis, subsp. n.

Adult. Differs from P. ecaudatus ecaudatus (d’Orb. & Lafr.)
in being darker green on the back, darker grey on the crown
of the head and sides of face, and inclining to grey on the
under surface, It differs also in having the lower mandible
black and the feet much darker than in the Bolivian bird.

Total length 58 mm., exposed culmen 11, wing 34, tail 12,
tarsus 13,

Hab. British Guiana.

The type, which is in the McConnell Collection, was
collected on the Bonasika River in 1911.

Atalotriccus griseiceps whitelyanus, subsp. n.

Adult male. Allied to A. griseiceps griseiceps (Hellm.),
but differs in having the back uniform green.

Total length 97 mm., exposed culmen 10, wing 42, tail 36,
tarsus 16.

Adult female. Similar to the adult male, but smaller.

Wing 38 mm., tail 28.

Hab. British Guiana.

The male and female types are in the British Museum, and
were collected by the late Henry Whitely, Jun., at Quonga in
October and November 1887, Salvin-Godman Collection.

The species that has hitherto been known to authors and
usually classified under the title Mionectes oleagineus differ
so much from the various localities in its distribution, by the
paler or darker plumages, as to be easily separable into
subspecific forms. I propose, therefore, that the following be
recognized :—

Pipromorpha oleaginea wallacet, subsp. n.

There are three examples from the Amazon Valley, two
from Para and one from the Rio Negro, which are similar
but paler green than P. o. oleaginea on the upper surface, and

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. iv. 22

302 Mr. C. Chubb on new

differ also in being darker and inclining to cinnamon-rufous,
not ochraceous, on the abdomen, under tail-coverts, and
under wing-coverts.

Wing 61 mm.

Hab. Lower Amazon Valley.

The type is an adult bird, but not sexed, and was collected
by the late A. R. Wallace at Para in May 1849, and is now
in the British Museum, Salvin-Godman Collection.

Pipromorpha oleaginea hauewelli, subsp. n.

Two examples from East Peru and one from East Ecuador
differ from the typical form in being paler green on the upper
parts and darker orange-rufous even than P. 0. wallace on
the under surface.

Wing 63 mm.

Hab. Eastern Peru and Eastern Ecuador.

The type is an adult male which was collected at Pebas,
Ei. Peru, by the late J. Hauxwell in July 1886, and is now in
the British Museum, Salvin-Godman Collection.

Pipromorpha oleaginea chapmani, subsp. 0.

Pipromorpha oleaginea oleaginea (nec Licht.), Chapman, Bull. Amer,
Mus. Nat. Hist. xxxvi. p. 49 (1917).

Of Colombian birds there are six in the British Museum,
These are slightly darker than the typical species, from
Bahia, on the upper surface, darker also on the throat and
fore neck, and more orange-rufous, instead of pale ochraceous,
on the breast, abdomen, and under wing-coverts.

Wing 65 mm.

Hab. U.S., Colombia.

The type, which is a fully adult bird, was collected by
T. H. Wheeler at Villavicencio to Medina, Llanos of River
Meta, at an altitude of 800-1500 fect, is now in the British
Museum, Salvin-Godman Collection.

Pipromorpha oleaginea tobagoensis, subsp. n.

Mionectes oleagineus (nec Licht.), Sclater, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xiv.
p. 112, part. (1888).

The Tobago bird is altogether darker than P. 0. oleaginea
on the upper parts, including the head, back, flight-quills,
and tail-feathers. ‘The throat and fore neck much darker,

Forms of South- American Birds. 303

and the abdomen, under tail-coverts, and under wing-coverts
are also proportionately darker than that of the typical bird.
There are six specimens of this form—one male, three
females, and two unsexed.

The wing-measurements are:—d 67 mm., 2 2 2 60-61,
unsexed 61, 65.

fab. ‘Tobago.

The type, which is in the British Museum, was collected
by J. Kirk: Jardine Collection.

Hellmayr (Nov. Zool. xiii. p. 22), when naming JZ. o. pal-
Uidiventris from Cumand, mentions that one ‘Tobago bird
agrees with the Cumand skins in differing from thirty skins
from more southern localities in the decidedly paler orange
colour of the belly, much less greyish-green suffusion of the
throat, and duller olive-green upper parts. ‘The material in
the British Museum, however, does not support this statement,
as the six examples from Tobago in the National Collection,
compared with two individuals from Bahia and two from Rio
de Janeiro, are decidedly darker in every respect than in
the birds from the typical locality.

Pipromorpha oleaginea macconnelli, subsp. n.

Mionectes oleagineus (nec Licht.), Salvin, Ibis, 1885, p, 295, part.,
Bartica Grove and Camacusa.

In British Guiana there are two forms—a smaller and
more brightly coloured bird on Mount Roraima and the
Merumé Mountains and a larger and darker one in the low-
lying country. The latter bird is darker on the upper parts
than any of the other forms. In this respect it is more
closely allied to P. 0. tobagoensis, but differs in being more
brightly coloured on the abdomen, under tail-coverts, and
under wing-coverts.

Wing 65 mm,

Hab. British, Dutch, and French Guianas.

The type, which is in the McConnell Collection, was
collected on the Kamakabra River, 1911.

Pipromorpha oleaginea roraime, subsp. n.

Mionectes oleagineus (nec Licht.), Salvin, Ibis, 1885, p. 298, part., Me-
rumé Mts., Roraima, 3500 to 6000 ft.

Adult male. Differs from P. oleagineus oleagineus in being

304 On new Forms of South-American Birds.

somewhat smaller, paler green on the upper surface, outer
aspect of the wing bronze-colour, and the abdomen, under
tail-coverts, and under wing-coverts rufous instead of pale
ochreous.

Total length 116 mm., exposed culmen 12, wing 62, tail 45,
tarsus 16. :

Hab. Mount Roraima and Merume Mountains, 3500 to
6000 ft., British Guiana.

The type was collected by the late Henry Whitely Jun., on
Mount Roraima in December 1881, and is now in‘the British
Museum, Salvin-Godman Collection.

Elenia flavogaster macconnellz, subsp. n.

The form that I propose to separate under the above title
has hitherto been associated by previous authors with
FE. pagana (Licht.) =H. flavogaster (Thunberg) or E. chiri-
guensis, Lawr. It differs, however, from the former, E. flavo-
gaster flavogaster (Thunb.), in being darker on the upper
parts, and more especially so on the breast and sides of the
body on the under surface, and from the latter, ZL. chiri-
guensis, Lawr., in being darker on the upper surface, paler
yellow on the under parts, and smaller in size.

Total length 160 mm., exposed culmen 12, wing 77, tail 68,
tarsus 20.

Hab. British Guiana.

The type is in the McConnell Collection, and was collected
on the Supenaam River in 1911.

Elenia cristata whitelyr, subsp. n.

Having compared the Guiana specimens with one of the
types of E. cristata, Pelz., from Goyaz, which is in the
British Museum, I notice that the Guiana bird is darker
throughout on the entire upper surface, the flight-quills and
tail-feathers are blackish brown instead of pale hair-brown,
the sides of the face also darker, the throat grey (not white),
and the breast and sides of the body conspicuously darker.

Wing 70 mm,, tail 60, wing 68, tail 58.

Hab. British Guiana,

The types, which are in the British Museum, were collected
at Mt. Roraima by the late Henry Whitely, Jun., Salvin-
Godman Collection.

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No. 23. NOVEMBER 1919.

XXXI.—Descriptions of new Pyralide of the Su edes. SA =

Crambine and Sigine. By Sir Gorge F, Hampson,
Bart., F.Z.8., &c.

{Concluded from p. 154.]

(86) Charltona actinialis, sp. un.

@. Head and thorax white, the vertex of head with short black
streak, the sides of tegule and the patagia with black stripes ;
abdomen white tinged with brown except at base; antenne and
palpi, except above, black ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdo-
men suffused with black. Fore wing black-brown with pure white
streaks on the veins; the costal edge white; the cell and sub-
median fold to below end of cell with fine white streaks; the inner
margin with white fascia; the cilia intersected by the white streaks.
Hind wing silvery white. Underside of fore wing and costal area
of hind wing suffused with reddish brown, the fore wing with
rather ill-defined white streaks on median nervure and the veins

arising from the cell.
Hab. N. Nieerta, Ilorin (Macfie), 1 2 type. Exp. 40 mm,

(8¢) Charltona atrifascialis, sp, n.

@. Head and thorax white mixed with some blackish brown, the
outer edge of patagia with obscure blackish brown stripes ; abdomen
white suffused with reddish brown; antenne dark brown, white
above ; palpi black-brown, white above; pectus and legs suffused
with blackish brown;. ventral surface of abdomen dark reddish
brown with white segmental lines. Fore wing glossy white; a
eupreous brown fascia on costa to near apex; a blackish fascia in

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol, iv. 2a

306 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

discal fold from before middle of cell to termen ; a stronger fascia
below the cell and vein 4 to towards termen with an ochreous tinge
below it; the inner area irrorated with blackish brown; the ter-
minal ar ea with black-brown streaks in the interspaces to submedian
fold. Hind wing glossy white suffused with brown except on basal
and inner area ; oa white. Underside of fore wing reddish brown;
hind wing with the costal and terminal areas suffused with reddish
brown.

2. Antenne wholly blackish; thorax with more black on
dorsum; fore wing with strong black fascia on costa, the fasciz
in discal fold and below the cell much stronger.

Hab. Br. C. Arrica, Mt. Mlanje (Neave), 4 5, 5 Q type.
Exp., 3 34, 9 48 mm.

(8e) Charltona albimixtalis, sp. n.

Head, tegule, and prothorax white, the sides of tegule and
patagia red-brown mixed with black-brown, the dorsum of thorax
and abdomen white mixed with red-brown; antennz red-brown ;
palpi black-brown, pectus and legs black-brown mixed with whitish.
Fore wing rufous, the discal fold from middle of cell with a black-
brown fascia mixed with white interrupted by an ill-defined white
discoidal spot; the submedian interspace and interspaces of terminal
area with black-brown fasciz mixed with white. Hind wing white,
the terminal half suffused with cupreous brown; cilia white mixed
with rufous and with slight rufous line near base. Underside of
fore wing and the hind wing except on basal area suffused with
red-brown.

Hab. Gampta (Dudgeon), 1 2; Gorp Coast, Aburi (John-
son), 13; N. Nrieerta, Zungeru (Macfie), 2 2, Ilorin (Macfie),
1 @ type. xp. 86-46 mm.

(9a) Charltona albidalis, sp. n.

Head, thorax, and abdomen white, the last with the 2nd and 38rd
segments dorsally tinged with fulvous; antenne rufous except
above; palpi and legs slightly tinged with rufous. Fore wing
glossy white, the inner half sparsely irrorated with elongate brown
scales; a slight brownish fascia in base of submedian fold and
a fascia in discal fold from middle of cell to termen ; a terminal
series of blackish points. Hind wing glossy white; a slight dark
terminal line to submedian fold. Underside of fore wing and costal
area of hind wing tinged with red-brown except towards termen.

Hab. Strrra Leone, Freetown (Quinton), 1 ¢; Supan, White
Nile, Gabt el Megahid (Dunn), 1 3,1 92 type. Hap. 80-40 mm.

(9b) Charltona argyrastis, sp. n.

@. Head and thorax silvery white mixed with some blackish ;
abdomen silvery white tinged with red-brown ; antennz blackish ;
palpi, pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen suffused with

Pyralidee of the Subfamily Sigine. 307

rufous. Fore wing uniform brilliant silvery white, the costal edge
with a fulvous tinge. Hind wing fuscous brown, the terminal
area silvery white except towards tornus, the cilia with a faint
fulvous tinge. Underside of both wings fuscous brown, the terminal
area silvery white.

Hab. Br. E. Arrica, N. Kavirondo, Up. Nzoi R.-(Neave),
19. Nasisi Hills (Weave), 1 9 type. Exp. 30 mm.

(206 a) Crambus chionopepla, n. n.

Crambus chionostola, Hmpsn. A. M.N.H., (9) iii. p. 442 (1919) ; nee Hmpsn.
A. M.N. H. (9) iii. p. 290 (1919).

Subfamily Svém_~z,

The genus Szga, Hiibn. Verz. p. 195 (1827), type liris, is older
than Schenobius, Dup., 1844.

(8a) Niphopyralis chionesis, sp. n.

@. Head, thorax, and abdomen glossy white ; antenne fuscous
except towards base; palpi with dark brown streak at sides to near
tips; fore tibie and tarsi black-brown in front. Fore wing glossy
white and thickly scaled; traces of a waved fuscous antemedial
line except towards costa; a faint sinuous medial line angled
outwards beyond the cell and ending at submedian fold; a rather
more distinct subterminal line, excurved from below costa to
vein 2, then oblique and sinuous; a terminal series of blackish
strie ; cilia tinged with yellow-brown and with a slight brown line
near base. Hind wing glossy white with a faint brownish shade
beyond the cell; a slight blackish terminal line to near tornus and
point at submedian fold; cilia almost pure white. Underside of
fore wing suffused with reddish brown except on inner area.

Hab. QUEENSLAND, Townsville (Dodd), 2 2 type. Hap. 20mm.

(3b) Niphopyralis discipunctalis, sp. n.

2. Head, thorax, and abdomen glossy white; antenne fulvous
yellow; palpi with dark brown streak at sides; fore legs tinged
with brown. Fore wing glossy white; a black discoidal point; a
slight blackish terminal line, almost obsolete except towards apex.
Hind wing glossy white; a slight blackish terminal line to near
tornus. Underside of fore wing with the costal area and the
terminal area to vein 2 suffused with dark brown.

Hab. LovistavE Is., St. Aignan I. (Meek), 1 2 type. Exp.
18 mm.

(1) Calamoschena nigripunctalis, sp. n.

3. Head and thorax pale brownish rufous, the metathorax with
a pair of black points; abdomen whitish tinged with brownish

rufous; tarsi ringed with black towards extremities. Fore wing
23*

308 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

pale brownish rufous; a black point in the cell near base; small
obliquely placed black antemedial spots below costa and on vein 1 ;
a small wedge-shaped black spot at lower angle of cell and two
points above upper angle; small black subterminal spots below
costa and on vein 1 with traces of a line between them, exeurved
below costa. Hind wing whitish tinged with brownish rufous.
Underside of fore wing suffused with reddish brown, the inner area
paler, two black points above end of cell and a punctiform blaek
subterminal line from costa to vein 4; hind wing with subterminal
black points on veins 8 to 3.

Hab. Uaanpa, Kampala (Ansorge), 1 3d type. Hap. 20 mm.

(2) Calamosehena stictalis, sp. n.

Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreous white, the last with
dorsal black spots on two basal segments and slight fuscous bands
on the following segments ; tarsi ringed with blackish. Fore wing
ochreous white; small subbasal, antemedial, medial, and postmedial
spots on vein 1; a curved slightly waved fuscous subterminal line
with small black spots on it below costa and on vein 1; a terminal
series. of blackish points. Hind wing ochreous white with a
terminal series of blackish points.

Hab. Br. C. Arrica, Mt. Mlanje (Neave), 1 9; Masnona-
LAND, Salisbury (Marshall), 1 9; Lourengo Marques, Delagoa
Bay (Druce), | 3 type; Transvaat, White R. (Cooke), 1,
Pretoria (Janse), 19. Hap. 14-20 mm.

Genus STENOCALAMA, nov.
Type, S. ochrotis.

Proboscis aborted and small; palpi upturned, slender, the 2nd
joint reaching to about vertex of head, the 38rd rather long;
maxillary palpi small and filiform; frons rounded; antenne of
female somewhat laminate and almost simple. Fore wing long
and narrow, the apex rounded, the termen oblique; vein 2 from
towards angle of cell; 3 and 5 from angle, 4 absent; 6 from below
upper angle; 7, 8, and 10 stalked, 9 absent; 11 from cell. Hind
wing with vein 2 from close to angle of cell; 3 and 5 strongly
stalked, 4 absent; 6, 7 shortly stalked; 8 anastomosing with 7.

Stenocalama ochrotis, sp. n.

©. Head, thorax, and abdomen white tinged with rufous. Fore
wing whitish suffused with rufous and without markings. Hind
wing white, the costal area tinged with rufous.

Hab. Ucanpa, Gondokoro (Reymes-Cole), 1 2 type. Hup.
16 mm,

Genus PLATYTESIS, nov.
Type, P. semifurva.

Proboscis aborted and minute; palpi upturned, the 2nd joint

Pyralidze of the Subfamily Sigine. 309

reaching to vertex of head and broadly fringed with scales in front,
the 3rd moderate and acute; maxillary palpi slight and filiform ;
frons smooth and rounded; antennz of female somewhat laminate
and almost simple. Fore wing rather narrow, the apex rounded ;
vein 3 from before angle of cell; 5 from just above angle; 6 from
below upper angle; 7 from angle; 8, 9 stalked; 10,11 from cell.
Hind wing with veins 3, 4 from angle of cell; 5 from just above
angle; 6, 7 shortly stalked ; 8 anastomosing with 7.

Platytesis semifurva, sp. n.

2. Head and thorax fulvous; abdomen whitish, dorsally suffused
with fulvous; pectus and legs whitish. Fore wing fulvous with
slight dark irroration; cilia silvery white with a black line near
base. Hind wing white with a faint brownish tinge; the cilia
with a slight blackish line near base to submedian fold. Underside
white, the fore wing and costal area of hind wing suffused with
fulvous.

Hab. Stam, Biserat, 1 g type. Exp. 16 mm.

Genus PAaTISSODES, nov.
Type, P. fulvinotata.

Proboscis aborted and minute; palpi upturned, the 2nd joint
reaching to about middle of frons and moderately scaled in front,
the 3rd moderate and obtuse; maxillary palpi minute; frons
smooth and rounded; antennz of male laminate and almost simple.
Fore wing with the apex rounded, the termen evenly curved ;
veins 3, 4, 5 from angle of cell, 4,5 approximated for a short dis-
tance; 6 from below upper angle; 7, 8, 9 stalked; 10, 11 from
cell. Hind wing with veins 3, 4, 5 from angle of cell; 6,7 from
upper angle; 8 anastomosing with 7.

Patissodes fulvinotata, sp. n.

3. Head, thorax, and abdomen silvery white; antenne yellow-
brown ; palpi blackish above to near extremity of 2nd joint; fore
tibia and the tarsi banded with black-brown. Fore wing silvery
white; a rather diffused pale fulvous antemedial band, oblique to
just below the cell, where it is angled outwards, then inwardly
oblique; a diffused pale discoidal spot; a diffused pale fulvous
subterminal band, interrupted between veins 5 and 3, where there:
is a spot beyond it on termen. Hind wing silvery white. Under-
side white; fore wing with postmedial series of minute blackish
streaks on the veins from below costa to vein 3; hind wing with
punctiform blackish postmedial line from costa to vein 3.

Hab. StncavoreE (fidley), 1 $ type. Exp. 20 mm.

(2) Neoschenobia decoloralis, sp. n.

©. Head and thorax pale reddish brown, the frons with white °

310 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

line at sides ; abdomen white, dorsally tinged with reddish brown
except towards extremity; pectus and legs white, the latter tinged
with reddish brown. Fore wing pale reddish brown; an oblique
sinuous fuscous antemedial line; a blackish discoidal bar; post-
medial line fuscous, excurved to vein 3, then incurved. Hind wing
white slightly tinged with reddish brown. Underside white, the
fore wing and costal half of hind wing tinged with reddish brown.

Hab. N. Cutna, Pekin, Western Hills (Hughes), 1 2 type.
Keep. 32 mm.

(2) Acropentias papuensis, sp. n.

2. Head, thorax, and abdomen white suffused with pale fulvous
brown; pectus and mid and hind legs white, the fore legs
fulvous brown with the tarsi tinged with fuscous. Fore wing
pale fulvous brown with slight dark irroration; the terminal half
of costa with a series of black bars with white between them; a
blackish antemedial line, oblique to submedian fold; an oblique
black discoidal bar, defined on outer side by white; postmedial
line blackish, execurved beyond the cell, then oblique; a terminal
series of black points; cilia white with a dark brown line near base
interrupted at the veins, the tips brown between veins 4 and 2.
Hind wing white tinged with fulvous brown; a blackish post-
medial line from costa to submedian fold; a terminal series of
blackish striz to submedian fold; cilia white with series of blackish
points near base to vein 4, blackish at base and tips between
veins 4 and 2. Underside of fore wing whitish suffused with
fulvous brown, a black discoidal point with some diffused white
beyond it, an oblique black postmedial line, diffused towards costa
on which there is a black spot before it and obsolescent below
vein 3, some black points beyond it on costa; hind wing white
slightly tinged with fulvous brown, a black discoidal point and
slightly waved postmediai line, incurved below vein 3 and obsolete
below vein 1.

Hab. Durcu N. Guinea, Kapaur (Doherty), 1 2 type. Exp.

22 mm.

(2) Auchmophora sufetuloides, sp. n.

3. Black-brown. Fore wing with numerous white points on
costa; a pale antemedial line dentate above vein 1; a dark discoidal
spot; a pale subterminal line slightly exeurved at middle. Hind
wing with pale subterminal line angled at vein 2.

@ darker, especially the hind wing.

Hab. Sierra Leone (Clements), 1 9; S. Nia@prta, Warri
(Roth), 13 type. Hxp., d 14, 9 20 mill.

Genus NEOBANEPA, nov.
Type, N. aglossodes,
Proboscis aborted and minute ; palpi with the 2nd joint porrect,
extending about twice the length of head and somewhat angled

Pyralidee of the Subfamily Sigine. 311

with scales above at middle, the 3rd rather long, obliquely upturned,
and acuminate at extremity; maxillary palpi strongly dilated with
scales; frons smooth and rounded; antenne of male somewhat
laminate and minutely ciliated. Fore wing with the apex some-
what produced and acute, the termen evenly curved; vein 3 from
before angle of cell; 4, 5 shortly stalked; 6, 7 stalked; 8, 9
stalked; 10, 11 from cell, 11 anastomosing with 12. Hind wing
with vein 3 fromanele of cell; 4, 5 stalked; 6,7 from upper angle;
8 anastomosing with 7.

Neobanepa aglossodes, sp. n.

Head and thorax black-brown mixed with some golden ochreous ;
antenne golden ochreous; abdomen pale golden ochreous with
some blackish irroration towards extremity and with lateral black
stripes. Fore wing black-brown with a golden ochreous gloss, the
terminal area more golden ochreous especially towards costa; ante-
medial line whitish defined on outer side by diffused black, angled
outwards at discal and submedian folds; a black discoidal spot;
the medial part of costa golden ochreous with two small black
spots on it; postmedial line whitish defined on inner side by
diffused black, excurved from below costa to submedian fold and
incurved at vein 1; the terminal area with three small black spots
on costa and a terminal series of black points; cilia with a black
line near base followed by a white line. Hind wing pale golden
ochreous with a slight blackish discoidal spot and faint diffused
postmedial line from costa to vein 5. Underside of fore wing with
the terminal area clear golden ochreous, the black spots on terminal
half of costa distinct, a curved black postmedial bar from costa ;
hind wing with the costal area suffused with black to the post-
medial line which is distinct to vein 5, the discal spot also distinct;
a postmedial black bar above inner margin and mark at tornus.

Hab. Perv, St. Domingo (Ockenden), 4 5,2 2 type. Exp.
20-28 mm.

Genus NYMPHULODES, nov.

Type, N. (Nymphula) franciscalis, Schaus.

Proboscis aborted ; palpi porrect, the 2nd joint extending about
three times length of head and fringed with long hair above and
below, the 3rd moderate, upturned, naked ; maxillary palpi strongly
dilated with scales; antenne of male annulate and ciliated, hind
tibiz with two pairs of spurs. Fore wing very long and narrow,
the apex rounded, the termen obliquely curved ; vein 3 from before
angle of cell; 5 from just above angle; 6 from below angle; 7 from
angle; 8, 9, 10 stalked; 11 from cell, free. Hind wing with
veins 3, 4 from angle of cell, 4, 5 coincident; 6, 7 from upper
angle, 8 anastomosing with 7 towards apex.

Nymphulodes franciscalis.
Nymphutla franciscalis, Schaus, Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxx. p. 139 (1906). Brazil,

312 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

(7) Alphetas bipunctalis, sp. n.

3. Head and thorax fuscous brown with a slight cupreous
gloss ; abdomen pale cupreous tinged with brown; pectus, legs, and
ventral surface of abdomen whitish, the fore tibize suffused with
fuscous and the tarsi ringed with fuscous. Fore wing pale
cupreous yellow, the costal area white from before middle to the
subterminal line curving down to median nervure at end of cell,
enclosing a diffused blackish mark on medial part of costa and
defined by blackish before it on costa and below; black points
in lower part of cell towards extremity and on discocellulars ;
rather diffused blackish postmedial and subterminal lines, some-
what ineurved to vein 5 where they are slightly excurved, the
subterminal line bent outwards to apex; a punctiform blackish
terminal line. Hind wing whitish tinged with cupreous brown.
Underside whitish suffused with brown.

Hab. Jamatca, Moneague (Walsingham), 1 2 type. Exp.

12 mm.

Genus SCH@NERUPA, nov.
Type, S. thermantis.

Proboscis aborted and minute; palpi porrect, extending about
two and a half times length of head and roughly scaled; maxillary
palpi triangularly dilated with seales; frons with slight rounded
prominence; antennze of male strongly laminate and ciliated.
Fore wing with the apex rounded, the termen evenly curved ;
vein 3 from well before angle of cell; 5 from just above angle ;
6 from below upper angle; 7 shortly stalked with 8, 9,10; 11 from
cell. Hind wing with vein 3 from well before angle of cell;

5 from just above angle; 6, 7 shortly stalked; 8 anastomosing
with 7.

Schenerupa thermantis, sp. n.

3. Head and thorax deep rufous; abdomen cupreous yellow.
Fore wing bright rufous with a cupreous gloss and slight dark
irroration ; antemedial line whitish to submedian fold, then dark,
angled outwards at median nervure; a small rather diffused
blackish discoidal spot; postmedial line with white bar from
costa, then blackish, angled outwards below costa, then oblique
and ending in a small spot on inner margin. Hind wing yellowish
tinged with cupreous rufous. Underside of fore wing rufous, of
hind wing yellowish with the costa] area suffused with rufous;
both wings with oblique rather diffused rufous postmedial line.

Hab. Kcvapor, R. Pastaza, E] Topo (Palmer), 1 3 type.
Exp. 26 mm.

Genus ENDOTRICHODES, nov.
Type, E. margaritifera.

Proboscis absent; palpi porrect, extending about the length of
head, the 2nd joint in male with tuft of hair above from base

Pyralide of the Subfamily Siginze. 313

curved forwards to near tips of palpi, the extremity of 2nd joint
fringed with hair above hiding the 3rd joint, in female the palpi
moderately scaled and the 3rd joint minute; maxillary palpi
triangularly dilated with scales; frons smooth and rounded ;
antenne of male ciliated. Fore wing with the apex rounded, the
termen excised below apex and excurved at middle; vein 3 from
below angle of cell; 5 from just above angle; 6 from below upper
angle ; 7 from angle; 8, 9, 10 stalked; 11 from cell. Hind wing
with the termen excurved at middle; veins 3 and 5 from close to
angle of cell; 6, 7 very shortly stalked; 8 anastomosing with 7.

LEndotrichodes margaritifera, sp. n.

Head, thorax, and abdomen bright rufous; antenne brownish ;
palpi white at base below ; pectus and legs white, the fore tibixe at
extremities and the tarsi banded with black; ventral surface of
abdomen whitish tinged with rufous. Fore wing bright rufous
with slight dark irroration; an oblique subbasal whitish striga
from costa; a strongly excurved pearly white medial line, obolescent
below submedian fold and defined on outer side by blackish towards
costa; a small rather diffused black discoidal spot; postmedial line
double, dark brown, filled in with pearly white and with some.
pearly white before it on costal area, slightly excurved below costa
and at middle, then oblique and sinuous; a terminal series of
small silvery white spots defined on outer side by black striz.
Hind wing bright rufous with slight dark irroration ; some whitish
at base and on basal half of inner margin; ante- and postmedial
lines deep rufous from costa to above inner margin, the former
defined on inner side slightly by yellowish and sinuous, the latter
slightly defined on outer side by yellowish, excurved to beyond
lower angle of cell to below which it is bent inwards, then sinuous
and joining the antemedial line at vein 1, a small black discoidal
spot between them with a pearly white band from it to vein 1 al
terminal series of silvery white strie defined on outer side by black
strie. Underside ochreous tinged with rufous; fore wing with
slight obliquely curved sinuous brown antemedial line, small black
discoidal spot and double slightly waved postmedial line filled in
with whitish at costa; hind wing with slight brown antemedial
line sinuous to median nervure, then oblique, two black discoidal
points and brown waved postmedial line excurved from below costa
to vein 3 then incurved, some white between the lines below the
cell.

Hab. Br. N. Guinea, Milne Bay (Meek), 1 3, 1 Q type.
Exp., 3 20, 9 28 mm.

Genus ExopEsts, nov.
Type, E. vaterfieldi.

Proboscis absent; palpi downcurved, extending about two and a
half times length of head, thickly scaled, the 2nd joint broadly

314 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

scaled above towards extremity, the 3rd rather long; maxillary
palpi triangularly dilated with scales; frons smooth; antenne of
male laminate and almost simple; tibiz smoothly scaled. Fore
wing rather narrow, the apex rounded, the termen obliquely
curved ; veins 3 and 5 from close to angle of cell; 6 from upper
angle; 7, 8 coincident and 9 stalked with them almost to apex;
10, 11 from cell. Hind wing with vein 3 from angle of cell; 4, 5
stalked almost to termen; 6, 7 from upper angle; 8 anastomosing
with 7 to near apex.

In key differs from Leucoides, etc., in the fore wing having
veins 7 and 9 stalked, 8 absent.

Exodesis vaterfieldi, sp. n.

3. Head and thorax fuscous brown glossed with grey, the
antenne ochreous; abdomen ochreous white tinged with red-
brown; pectus and legs ochreous mixed with brown, the fore legs
and tarsi black, the latter ringed with white. Fore wing grey-
white irrorated with pale fuscous brown especially on basal area
and at termen, the costal area almost pure white from the ante-
medial to the subterminal line; antemedial line double, brownish,
faint, rather diffused and somewhat oblique; a black bar from
middle of costa, strong black discoidal bar, and some black irrora-
tion towards extremity of median nervure; postmedial line faint,
prownish, rather diffused, excurved to vein 4, then incurved; a
faint waved brownish subterminal line; a fine dark terminal line
and ochreous white line at base of cilia, which are strongly irrorated
with fuscous brown. Hind wing glossy white; a fine red-brown
terminal line and red-brown line near base of cilia.

Hab. Suvkn, Port Sudan ( Waterfield),1 3 type. Hxp. 18 mm.

(3) *Obtusipalpis brunneata, sp. n.
Pap P

@. White; palpi tinged with fuscous at sides; tarsi tinged
with fulvous and ringed with black ; abdomen dorsally tinged with
fuscous on basal half and with fulvous towards extremity. ore
wing with some fuscous at base ; a large brown patch from before
middle to termen except on apical area, the veins on it streaked
with darker brown and white and with a white spot on vein 2 near
its origin, the inner margin streaked with white, the costal area
white, the brown only extending to costa before middle and near
apex ; a fine terminal black line and some black points towards
apex ; cilia fulvous at base, white at tips. Hind wing pure white
with terminal series of black points, the cilia yellow at base.

Hab. S. Nierrta, Warri (Dr. Roth), type 2 in Coll. Rothschild.
Hap. 28 mm.

(5) Obtusipalpis fusipartalis, sp. n.

©. Head and thorax white ; abdomen white tinged with fulvous

Pyralidee of the Subfamily Sigine. 315

brown leaving whiter segmental lines ; antenne tinged with fulvous
brown; palpi with the 2nd joint dark brown above to near
extremity ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white.
Fore wing white suffused with fulvous brown leaving the base, the
costa to beyond middle, the apical part of terminal area and a spot
below end of cell white ; a faint oblique antemedial shade ; traces
of a dark discoidal annulus; a faint dark subterminal shade from
costa to vein 3 with slight dark streaks on it at the veins, inter-
rupted by a white streak in discal fold; black points on termen
from apex to vein 3, rather wedge-shaped towards apex. Hind
wing white; the termen with black points to vein 3 then a fine
line to near tornus ; cilia tinged with fulvous at base. Underside
of fore wing tinged with fulvous brown except on inner area.

‘Hab. Goup Coast, Kumasi (Whiteside), 1 2 type. Eup.
20 mm.

(6) Obtustpalpis albidalis, sp. n.

3. Head, thorax, and abdomen white slightly tinged in parts
with fulvous brown; palpi, with the 2nd joint black above ;
pectus, Jegs, and ventral surface of abdomen white, the fore tibiz
and tarsi banded with blackish. Fore wing white slightly tinged
with fulvous ; a faint dark discoidal bar and oblique diffused post-
medial line from vein 4 to inner margin; a terminal series of black
points to vein 4, then a fine line; cilia more strongly tinged with
fulvous. Hind wing white; a terminal series of black points to
vein 4, then a fine line to near tornus. Underside white faintly
tinged with fulvous.

Hab. Sterra LEONE (Clements), 8 3 ; Gotp Coast, Kumasi
(Whiteside), 1 2 type. Hap. 18-20 mm.

(7) Brihaspa tinctalis, sp. n.
Donacaula cutoxodes, Turner, Ann. Queensl. Mus. 1911, p. 118, non descr.

@. Head, thorax, and abdomen white, the sides of head, tegule,
and patagia tinged with fulvous brown, the abdomen with some
fulvous on dorsum near base ; palpi at sides and fore legs in front
fulvous brown. Fore wing white tinged with fulvous brown
leaving slight white streaks on the veins, the inner and terminal
areas whiter; a double very slightly sinuous fulvous brown sub-
terminal line, arising from apex, oblique to vein 2, then bent
inwards to inner margin before middle; a black terminal line ;
cilia with a slight fulvous brown line near tips. Hind wing white
with a very slight fulvous brown tinge. Underside of fore wing
and costa of hind wing slightly tinged with fulvous brown.

Hab. QuEENSLAND, Kuranda (Dodd), 192 type. Exp. 20 mm.

(8a) Patissa fulvipunctalis, sp. n.

Q. Head, thorax, and abdomen white. Fore wing silvery white ;
a slight orange-fulvous discoidal spot and a subterminal spot om

316 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

vein 6 with a point above it on vein 7. Hind wing and underside
white.

Hab. Uaanpa, Gondokoro (Reymes-Cole), 1 2 type. Hap.
16 mm.

(3b) Patissa stenopteralis, sp. n.

3d. Pure white. Fore wing very long and narrow; a pale
cupreous brown point below costa near base and patch below the
cell; a straight erect antemedial band; a discocellular spot con-
joined to the postmedial band which is bent inwards to lower angle
of cell; a subterminal highly dentate line; a fine marginal line.

Hab. QurEnstand, Innisfail, type td in Coll. Rothschild.
Exp. 16 mm.

(5a) Patissa rubrilinealis, sp. n.

2. Head, thorax, and abdomen white. Fore wing silvery white ;
a slightly inwardly oblique scarlet medial line from just below costa
to inner margin ; an oblique scarlet subterminal striga from below
costa to vein 7 with a point below it on vein 6. Hind wing and
underside silvery white.

Hab. Br. C. Arrica, Mt. Mlanje (Weave), 1 2 type. Eup.

12 mm.
(5b) Patissa atrilinealis, sp. n.

@. Head, thorax, and abdomen white. Fore wing silvery white ;
an inwardly oblique cupreous black-brown line from upper angle of
cell to inner margin; an oblique slightly sinuous cupreous black-
brown line from apex to discal fold ; a terminal series of cupreous
black-brown points. Hind wing and underside silvery white.

Hab. Br. EB. Arrica (Hinde), 1 2 type. Hap. 18 mm.

(5d) Patissa rufitinctalis, sp. n.

¢. Head and thorax white suffused with pale rufous ; abdomen
white ; palpi blackish ; pectus and legs suffused with pale rufous.
Fore wing white suffused with pale rufous leaving some white in
and below end of cell and the terminal area white except at costa ;
a minute black point at upper angle of cell and small spot at lower
angle. Hind wing white; a pale rufous subterminal spot below
vein 2 and a spot at tornus. Underside white.

@. Hind wing with the inner area suffused with pale rufous and
without the spots below vein 2 and at tornus.

Hab. Strrra LEONE (Clements),13,1Qtype. Hap. 20 mm.

(5 f) Patissa geminalis, sp. n.

$. Head, thorax, and abdomen pure white, the sides of frons, -
palpi, pectus, fore and mid legs suffused with fuscous. Fore wing
silvery white with prominent black points at upper and lower -

Pyralide of the Subfamily Sigine. 317

angles of cell. Hind wing silvery white. Underside of fore wing
with the costal area tinged with fuscous.

2. Without any fuscous except on inner side of fore legs.

Hab. Br. E. Arrica, Mukuniu (Betton), 1 9, Samburu
(Betton), 19; Uaanpa, Gondokoro (Reymes-Cole), 13 ; “ GERM.
E. Arrica,” Dar-es-Salaam, 1 9 ; Br. E. Arrica, Mt. Mlanje
‘(Neave), 6 3, 6 2 type; MasHonarand, Salisbury (Marshall),
136,29. Hep. 20-30 mm.

(5h) Patissa monostidzalis, sp. n.

Head, thorax, and abdomen white; antenne blackish except
above; palpi blackish; pectus and legs tinged with cupreous
brown. Fore wing silvery white; a minute black spot at lower
angle of cell. Hind wing and underside silvery white.

Hab. 8. Nigeria, Lagos (Dudgeon), 1 6 ; N. Nraerta, Minna
(Macfie), 1 3,19 type. Exp. 20 mm.

(66) Patissa ochreipalpalis, sp. n.

3. Head, thorax, and abdomen silvery white; palpi ochreous
yellow ; fore tibiz fuscous. Fore and hind wings uniform silvery
white. Underside of fore wing tinged with red-brown.

Hab. Comoro Is., Mayotta (Meade-Waldo), 2 3 type. Exp.
14 mm.

(6c) Patissa fulvicepsalis, sp. n.

3. Head orange-fulvous; antenne white, brown at sides;
thorax and abdomen silvery white; fore legs tinged with brown.
Fore and hind wings uniform silvery white. Underside of fore
wing tinged with brown except on terminal area.

Ab. 1. Tegule and legs tinged with orange-fulvous.

Hab. W. Arnica (Dudgeon), 335; N. Nigerta, Minna
(Macfie), 4 3 type; Uaanpa, Gondokoro (Reymes-Cole), 2 ¢ ;
Br. C, Arrica, Mt. Mlanje (Weave), 4 6. Ewp. 16-22 mm.

(7c) Patissa atricostalis, sp. n.

3. Pure white; palpi at sides and shoulders black-brown ;
antenne blackish. Fore wing with the costa blackish, tapering to
before apex.

Hab. QUEENSLAND, Cedar Bay, Cooktown (Meek); W. Avs-
TRALIA, Sherlock R. (Clements), 1 3, 3 2 type, Roebourne, 1 ¢.
Hp. 18-22 mm.

(7d) Patissa ochroalis, sp. n.

gd. Head reddish brown ; thorax and abdomen ochreous yellow ;
pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen ochreous white, the
fore legs tinged with brown. Wings ochreous yellow, the costa of
fore wing red-brown. -

318 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

@. Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreous white, the sides of
head and palpi fulvous yellow; fore wing ochreous yellow, the
costa narrowly red-brown towards base; hind wing and underside
ochreous white.

Hab. SurtnaM, Rio Derg, 1 3 type; Brazin, Amazons, Ourem
(Schulz),1 9. EHuxp., 5 22, 9 14mm.

(Sa) Patissa fractilinealis, sp. n.

Head and thorax white more or less irrorated with chocolate-
brown ; abdomen white ; palpi and fore legs more strongly tinged
with chocolate-brown. Fore wing white irrorated with chocolate-
brown ; the costal edge more or less strongly chocolate-brown on
basal half ; a minute chocolate-brown spot at upper angle of cell ;
an oblique chocolate-brown line from costa just before apex to inner
margin beyond middle, obsolescent towards apex, below vein 2
reduced to a small spot on vein 1, or reduced to points on the veins
throughout; a fine chocolate-brown terminal line. Hind wing
white irrorated with a few chocolate-brown scales on terminal half ;
a fine chocolate-brown terminal line. Underside white irrorated
with chocolate-brown scales; fore wing with oblique chocolate-
brown line from costa before apex to vein 2; hind wing with
oblique punctiform chocolate-brown line from costa before apex
to submedian fold.

Hab. Br. E. Arnica, Nairobi (Crawshay, Anderson), 2 9 ;
Ueanpa, Katesa (Betton), 1 5 type, Ketoma (Doggett), 1¢.
Exp. 22 mm.

(La) Styphlolepis leucosticta, sp. n.

Head and thorax cupreous rufous; palpi white below to near
extremity of 2nd joint; abdomen cupreous rufous, the base, sides,
and anal tuft whitish ; pectus and legs white tinged with cupreous
rufous ; ventral surface of abdomen with white segmental lines.
Fore wing cupreous rufous irrorated with a few dark brown scales,
the costa towards base and terminal area rather browner ; a small
subbasal silvery white spot defined by darker brown above vein 1 ;
an indistinct slightly sinuous brown medial line, oblique below the
cell; an indistinct brown postmedial line, slightly excurved below
costa, then oblique; cilia dark brown with a fine whitish line at
base, the tips white at submedian fold. Hind wing white, the
apical area pale cupreous brown, broadly at costa, narrowing to a
point at termen at vein 3, a slight waved brown subterminal line
from costa to vein 4; cilia with a rufous line near base to sub-
median fold, rufous at tips towards apex. Underside of fore wing
with the cell and areas just beyond its upper and lower extremities
dotted with white scales.

Antenne with uniseriate laminate branches; fore wing with
veins 6, 7 hardly stalked.

Hab. W. Austratta, Sherlock R. (Clements), 1 3 type. Exp.

50 mm.

Pyralids of the Subfamily Siginee. 319

Genus ScrRPOPHAGA, insert
Topeutis, Hiibn. Verz. p. 366 (1827), type prelata, which has priority.

(8b) Topeutis rhodoproctalis, sp. n.

2. Head, thorax, and abdomen silvery white, the anal tuft rose-
pink ; antennz blackish at sides; fore tibize on outer side, the fore
and mid tarsi and the hind tarsi except basal joint fuscous. Wings
aes white, the fore wing with small black spot at lower angle
of cell.

Hab. Stncapore (Ridley), 1 2 type. Hap. 36 mm.

(8d) Topeutis flavidorsalis, sp. n.

3. Head and thorax white suffused with ochreous yellow ;
abdomen white, the two basal segments dorsally suffused with
fulvous yellow. Fore and mid legs ochreous brown, the hind legs
ochreous white. Fore wing chalky white, the basal area suffused
with ochreous yellow, the costal edge brownish to middle ; a round
black spot at lower angle of cell. Hind wing silvery white, the
costal area, the cell and area beyond it, and the submedian fold
suffused with brown. Underside of fore wing suffused with reddish
brown except on terminal area. Hind wing with the costal area
to beyond middle and the area just beyond the cell tinged with
reddish brown.

Hab. Buutain (Dudgeon), 1 3 type. Exp. 30 mm.

(8d) Topeutis brunnealis, sp. n.

3. Head and thorax ochreous brown; abdomen white tinged
with brown ; palpi fuscous brown to near extremity of 2nd joint,
the tips white tinged with ochreous; fore and mid legs fuscous
brown, the hind legs white tinged with brown. Fore wing ochreous
brown ; an oblique black bar at lower angle of cell. Hind wing
white tinged with ochreous brown. Underside of fore wing
fulvous brown; hind wing white tinged with fulvous brown, the
inner area whiter.

Hab. Burma, Up. Chindwisi Distr., 1 ¢ type. wp. 30 mm.

(18 a) Topeutis termipunctalis, sp. n.

Q. Head and thorax pale pink, the head with some white ;
abdomen white with fulvous yellow dorsal patch on 2nd and 8rd
segments ; pectus white ; legs white tinged with pink. Fore wing
pale pink irrorated with a few dark brown scales; a slight dark
brown spot at lower angle of cell; a terminal series of black points ;
cilia white mixed with dark brown. Hind wing silvery white.
Underside of fore wing white tinged with pink.

Hab. Br. C. Arrica, Mt. Mlanje, Luchenya R. (eave),
1 9 type. Hwxp. 16 mm.

320 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

(18 ec) Topeutis trrorata, sp. n.

Head and thorax ochreous tinged with red-brown; abdomen
ochreous white, dorsally suffused with fulvous yellow towards base ;
autenne brownish ; palpi dark brown above, whitish below ; pectus
and legs ochreous white, the fore legs tinged with brown. Fore
wing ochreous tinged with red-brown and irrorated with dark brown,
the costal edge brown; an indistinct brownish discoidal bar; an
oblique rather diffused brownish subterminal line; the termen
rather more strongly tinged with brown. Hind wing silvery white
with subterminal series of slight reddish brown points to vein 2
and terminal series of more distinct points. Underside of fore
wing tinged with red-brown, a slight brownish subterminal line
with diffused white beyond it; hind wing tinged with red-brown
except on inner area, a slight brownish postmedial line to vein 2.

Hab. Brazitu, Castro Paraha (D. Jones), 25, 12 type.
Exp. 12-16 mm.

(la) Schenobius pyraustalis, sp. n.

3. Head and thorax yellowish suffused with rufous ; abdomen
white dorsally tinged with rufous ; fore and mid legs pale rufous.
Fore wing yellowish suffused with rufous, the costal area suffused
with dark red-brown to end of cell; small antemedial and medial
black spots on median nervure and vein 1; a diffused oblique
rather maculate blackish bar from upper angle of cell to vein 3
beyond the cell; a diffused maculate blackish subterminal band
from costa to below vein 8. Hind wing glossy white, faintly
tinged with brown except towards base. Underside of fore wing
and the costal area of hind wing and the terminal area except
towards tornus suffused with rufous, the costal area of fore wing
suffused with dark brown to beyond end of cell.

Hab. ArgEeNTINA, Goya Corrientes (Perrens), 2 3 type.
Exp. 22 mm.

(8a) Schenobius rufalis, sp. n.

@. Head and thorax rufous suffused with red-brown ; abdomen
ochreous white, dorsally tinged with rufous towards base ; antenne
brown ; pectus and hind legs ochreous white; fore and mid legs
ochreous suffused with rufous, the tarsi brown with slight pale
rings. Fore wing ochreous suffused with rufous and irrorated
with dark red-brown; a black point at lower angle of cell; a
terminal series of slight black points; cilia white tinged with
rufous. Hind wing silvery white with a tinge of buff; a terminal
series of black points to vein 2. Underside of fore wing ochreous
suffused with red-brown, the costa whiter to beyond middle ; hind
wing brownish white, the costal half suffused with red-brown to
beyond the cell.

Hab. Br. E. Arrica, Alubas (Betton), 19; Uaanpa
(Doggett), 2 9 type. Hap. 40-44 mm.

Pyralidee of the Subfamily Sigiuce. 321

(3b) Schanobius ignitalis, sp. n.

3. Head and thorax rufous mixed with dark brown; abdomen
silky whitish, dorsally tinged with rufous towards base ; pectus,
legs, and ventral surface of abdomen whitish, suffused with rutous.
Fore wing fiery rufous, the costal half suffused with dark brown ;
a small black spot at lower angle of cell and smaller spot at upper
angle; antemedial and medial points in submedian fold; a
maculate black line from apex to submedian fold below end of cell ;
a terminal series of strong black points. Hind wing silky white
with a slight brownish tinge ; a terminal series of black points to
vein 2; cilia ochreous. Undersic> of fore wing ochreous tinged
with brown, the oblique line from apex indistinct and diffused ;
hind wing ochreous white, an indistinct diffused oblique brownish
line from apex to vein 2.

2. Fore wing without the black spot from upper angle of cell,
the oblique line from apex indistinct and diffused.

Hab. Transvaat, White R. (Cooke), 1 3,1 9 type; Narat,
Durban (Queckett, Marley, Leigh, Clark), 792. Exp., 3 82,
@ 34-44 mm.

(7b) Schanobius attenuata, sp. n.

3. Very slender; fore wing very longand narrow. White; head,
thorax, abdomen, and fore wing tinged with ochreous. Fore wing
irrorated with large dark brown scales; a fine dark terminal line.
Hind wing nearly pure white.

Hab. Nava, Kimbolton (Hutchinson),2 d type. Hxp. 16 mm.

(7c) Schanobius micralis, sp. n.

3. Head, thorax, and abdomen white tinged with ochreous
brown ; antenne fuscous; palpi, pectus, legs, and ventral surface
of abdomen white, the palpi and legs tinged with fuscous. Fore
wing white suffused with brownish ochreous. Hind wing white
with a slight ochreous tinge. Underside white suffused with
brownish ochreous.

Hab. ©. Cuina, Fokien, Ting-hai (de la Garde), 2 3 type.
Exp. 16 mm.

(lla) Schenobius semifuscalis, sp. n.

g. Head and thorax fuscous brown with a slight cupreous tinge,
the vertex of head with some whitish ; abdomen white tinged with
rufous ; fore and mid legs red-brown, the hind legs whitish. Fore
wing glossy fuscous brown tinged with rufous especially on inner
half ; a small black spot at lower angle of cell; a terminal series of
black points; cilia with some whitish mixed and a punctiform
blackish line at middle. Hind wing glossy white witha slight red-
brown tinge, the terminal area more strongly suffused with reddish

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. iv. 24

322 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

brown to submedian fold; a terminal series of black points.
Underside of fore wing pale reddish brown ; hind wing white, the
costal area and terminal] area to submedian fold suffused with red-
brown ; both wings with terminal series of black points to vein 2.

Hab. ArcEntina, Gran Chaco, Florenzia (Wagner), 1 3 type.
Exp. 24 mm.

(116) Schenobius pulverealis, sp. n.

3. Head white tinged with pale red-brown; palpi pale red-
brown, white below towards base ; thorax pale red-brown ; abdomen
white tinged with red-brown, the 2nd and 8rd segments with dorsal
fulvous yellow patch ; pectus and legs white tinged with red-brown.
Fore wing grey-white tinged with brown and irrorated with fuscous,
the costal half to submedian fold and to the oblique line from apex
browner ; a small black spot at lower angle of cell and usually a
point at upper angle ; blackish ante- and postmedial points in sub-
median fold and an oblique blackish line from apex to diseal fold ;
a terminal series of prominent black points. Hind wing white
tinged with reddish brown especially on costal half; a terminal
series of black points to vein 2. Underside pale red-brown, the
inner area of hind wing white.

Q. Fore wing redder brown, the spot at lower angle of cell
reduced to a point, the points and oblique line from apex obsolete.

Hab. Paracuay, Sapucay (Foster), 1d ; ARGENTINA, Santa Fé,
Ocampo (Wagner), 235, 19 type, Gran Chaco, Florenzia
(Wagner), 19 ; Hab.ign.,1 92. Ewxp., $ 22-24, 9 40-44 mm.

(l4a) Schenobius fulvitinctalis, sp. n.

@. Head and thorax pale fulvous brown; abdomen white
slightly tinged with fulvous brown except at base; pectus and legs
white tinged with fulvous brown. Fore wing pale fulvous brown ;
a diffused brown streak in and beyond end of cell; slight diffused
fuscous spots at angles of cell and an oblique series of slight rather
diffused blackish spots from apex to vein 4; a terminal series of
black points. Hind wing silvery white with a faint brownish tinge.
Underside of fore wing and costal area of hind wing tinged with
fulvous brown.

Hab. Putirertwes, Ticao I. (McGregor), 1 9 type. Hap.

380 mm.

(146) Schenobius pheopastalis, sp. vn.

3. Head and thorax brown with a slight cupreous tinge ;
abdomen whitish tinged with brown; peetus and legs whitish
suffused with reddish brown. Fore wing greyish suffused with
reddish brown and irrorated with fuscous brown ; a slight blackish
spot at lower angle of cell and point at upper angle; an oblique
blackish shade from apex to just beyond lower angle of cell; a
terminal series of black points. Hind wing whitish tinged with

Pyralidze of the Subfamily Sigine. 323

brown ; a faint oblique dark shade from apex to beyond lower angle
of cell; a terminal series of slight blackish points to vein *9,
nderde of fore wing and the costal area of hind wing suffused
with reddish brown, BAe rest of hind wing brownish hie,

Hab. Transvaat, Pretoria (Distant), 1d type. Hxp. 30 mm.

(196) Schenobius ochritinctalis, sp. n.

3. Head and thorax white, the antennz fuscous except above,
the palpi reddish brown; abdomen white dorsally tinged with
fulvous yellow, the Ist segment at extremity and the Qnd and 3rd

segments deeper fulvous” yellow; legs tinged with brown. Fore
Wine white, tinged with ochreous especially on basal area and
costal area to end of cell, the costal edge fuscous towards base.
Hind wing silvery white. Underside of “fore wing and the costal
area of hind wing suffused with reddish brown.

Hab. Sierra Leone (Clements), 1 3 Lye: Exp. 24 mm.

(2) Donacaula pulverea, sp. n.

White; head, thorax, and fore wing thickly irrorated with
fuscous ; ‘abdomen less strongly irrorated and dorsally yellowish
towards base. Fore wing with black point at lower angle of cell ;
a curved fuscous line from apex to middle of inner margin, with
less irroration on each side of it towards inner margin; a “terminal
series of black points. Hind wing with traces of a line from apex
to tornus formed by slight fuscous irroration ; a terminal series of

black points.
Hab. Natat, Weenen, types in Coll. Rothschild and B.M.

Exp., 3 24, 9 26 mm.

(46) Cirrhochrista annulifera, sp. n.

Pure white; palpi red at sides; antenne reddish; thorax and
abdomen with dorsal series of red-brown marks. Fore wing with
the costa fulvous irrorated with dark brown and emitting a sub-
basal speck and antemedial and medial triangular marks; an
antemedial line arising from the 1st triangular mark, very oblique
to vein 1 where it is angled; a large annulus between the
2nd triangular mark and tornus; a postmedial annular fulvous
mark on costa emitting a line across apical area to termen,
obtusely angled inwards on vein 6; a terminal line with points
running inwards on the veins and expanding into an annulus at
tornus.. Hind wing with terminal fulvous and dark brown line
joined at vein 2 by a short oblique line from vein 5.

Hab. D’EntrecastEaux Is., Fergusson I., Goodenough I.

(Meek), 1 3 type. Exp. 20 mm.*

24*

324 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

(56) Otrrhochrista convoluta, sp. n.

@. Pure white; palpi, sides of frons, antennew, shoulders, and
bands on fore legs rufous; abdomen with dorsal rufous stripe
emitting oblique lateral lines. .Fore wing with yellow and brown
costal fascia ; a short subbasal line ; an oblique antemedial line ex-
panding and enclosing a pale spot on costa ; a pale yellow discoidal
line conjoined to the costal fascia and defined by a strong brown line
giving rise to fine lines enclosing a rounded space above submedian
fold where they touch then an elliptical space above inner margin,
the inner line being strongly dentate outwards above the margin ;
a line across apical area dilated and enclosing pale yellow spots on
costa and termen at vein 4, strongly dentate inwards on veins
5 and 6; a terminal crenulate line and a line through the cilia.
Hind wing with crenulate terminal line from vein 6 to submedian
fold emitting an oblique striga at vein 3 and with a line through
the cilia beyond it.

Hab. Gown Coast, Kumasi (Whiteside), 1 Q ; 8. NiaErta,
Sapele (Sampson), 1 2 type, Llesha (Humfrey), 1 2; Navan,
Durban (Gooch), 2 2. Kup. 24-380 mm.

(5c) Cirrhochrista xcanthographis, sp. n.

@. Pure white; palpi, antenne, shoulders, and bands on fore
legs yellow; abdomen with dorsal yellow band on 8rd segment
followed by a series of spots. Fore wing with yellow costal fascia ;
a yellow antemedial line defined by dark scales, oblique from costa
to submedian fold where it is acutely angled; a yellow discoidal
spot defined by brawn lines; a waved postmedial band incurved
below costa, excurved between veins 5 and 3, then bent inwards to
below end of cell; a crenulate terminal line. Hind wing with
waved yellow subterminal band irrorated with dark scales between
veins 6 and 2; a crenulate terminal line.

Hab. D’Enrrecasteatxels., Fergusson I. (Meek), 1 2 type.
Hep. 28 mm.

(5e) Cirrhochrista diploschalis, sp. n.

3. Head and thorax white, the dorsum of thorax tinged with
rufous, the antenne brownish at sides, the palpi, sides of head, and
shoulders yellow and dark brown ; abdomen white, dorsally suffused
with red-brown except at base and with slight blackish bands
towards extremity; fore tibiz and tarsi tinged with rufous and
banded with black. Fore wing silvery white; the costa suffused
with orange-yellow with a streak of silvery and dark brown scales on
it on basal area ; a narrow oblique orange-yellow antemedial band,
defined on outer side by dark brown scales and dilated towards
costa ; rather diffused dark red-brown medial and postmedial lines
with some silvery scales on them towards costa, the former oblique,
the latter incurved, anastomosing with the former at middle and
ending at tornus, their forks towards costa and inner margin filled

Pyralidee of the Subfamily Sigine. 325

in with orange-yellow ; a curved dark red-brown subterminal line
from costa to the postmedial line at vein 1, the area beyond it
suffused with orange-yellow and with a silvery and brown streak
beyond it below costa ; a narrow red-brown terminal band with a
series of minute silvery spots on it; cilia orange-yellow with some
brown scales before tips which are whitish. Hind wing silvery |
white, the termen and cilia tinged with yellow. Underside white,
the costa of fore wing tinged with yellow-brown.

Hab. D’EntrecastTeaux Is., Fergusson I. (Meek), 2 3 type.
Exp. 26 mm.

(5 f) Cirrhochrista bifurcalis, sp. n.

Head and thorax white; antenne slightly tinged with rufous ;
palpi black-brown glossed with silver, white below towards base ;
abdomen white, dorsally suffused with dark brown on medial seg-
ments, the penultimate segment with yellow band with black points
at sides, the anal tuft with yellow spot and black point ; fore tibie
and tarsi banded with orange and black. Fore wing white, the
costa orange ; a dark brown and silvery streak just below costa to
middle ; a narrow oblique orange antemedial band with an incurved
silvery and dark brown line on it; red-brown medial and post-
medial lines with small silvery spots. on them, the former excurved,
the latter incurved and anastomosing with the former at middle,
ending on termen above tornus, its fork towards costa filled in with
orange and with an orange mark on it below vein 3; an oblique
slightly sinuous red-brown line with black and silvery points on it
at the veins from costa before apex to termen below vein 4, a brown
and silvery streak beyond it below costa; a narrow silvery and
brown terminal band with some black points before it towards apex.
Hind wing silvery white. Underside white; fore wing with
oblique series of dark points from costa beyond middle to vein 4
near termen and dark points on termen towards apex.

Ab. 1. Abdomen with subdorsal dark brown and silvery spots on
medial segments and without the yellow mark and black points
on terminal segments. Formosa.

Ab. 2. Abdomen tinged with rufous except at base; fore wing
tinged with yellow-buff. Philippines to N. Guinea.

Ab. 3. Fore wing with the area below the cell suffused with
black-brown between the antemedial and medial lines.

Hab. Formosa, Kanshirei (Wileman), 4 2 ; Assam, Khasis,
1dtype; Purrrppines, Mt. Makiling (Baker), 1 9; 8. CeLEBES
(Doherty), 1 3, Sangir I. (Doherty), 1 3 ; Dutca N. Guinea,
Humbolt Bay (Doherty), 13. Hap. 22-26 mm.

(59) Cirrhochrista primulina, sp. n.

Q. Head and thorax white; antenne tinged with red-brown ;
frons black at sides ; palpi tinged with red-brown and with blackish

326 On new Pyralidee of the Subfamily Sizine.

mixed ; abdomen white, tinged with red-brown except at base ; fore
tibie and tarsi banded with rufous and black-brown. Fore wing
white suffused with yellow-buff ; the costa deeper yellow to middle
with a dark red-brown and silvery streak below it;
oblique red-brown and silvery antemedial band ; medial and post-
medial red-brown and silvery lines, the former eronnods the latter
incurved, anastomosing with the former at middle and ending at
submedian fold near 1 Sse per enclosing a spot of the ground- colour
at vein 2; a curved red-brown eabteemnnel line Sort costa to the
extremity of the postmedial line at submedian fold, crossed by a
silvery streak below costa extending to termen ;
terminal band edged with dark rails brown ; ain orange- -yellow.
Hind wing silvery ‘white. Underside white ; ; ‘fore wing with curved
subterminal series of brown points from costa to vein 4.

Hab. Br. N. Gutnea, Kumusi R. (Meek), 1 9 type. Ep.

26 mm.

narrow

a narrow silvery

(5h) Cirrhochrista aurantialis, sp. n.

¢. Head, thorax, and abdomen pale yellow ; palpi black at base
and tips; abdomen banded with black. Fore wing orange-yellow
with silver markings on fuscous; the base of costa streaked with
silver and fuscous ; anantemedial line angled inwards below the cell ;
an excurved medial line more or less angled at lower end of cell
and approaching the Ist line at costa and inner margin, at lower
angle of cell it is quite or almost conjoined to a large somewhat
irregular U-shaped mark from costa beyond middle ; “bright silver
and fuscous lines on apical part of costa and outer margin, Hind
wing white becoming yellowish towards outer margin.

Ab. 1. Fore wing with the area between the “antemedial and
medial lines filled in with fuscous black.

Hab. Amboyna (Doherty), 2 3 type. Hap. 26 mm.

(3) Lowostegopsis pheopasta, sp. n.

Q@. Head and thorax white tinged with fuscous brown ; abdomen
white, pectus and legs white, the tarsi slightly tinged with brown
towards extremities. Fore wing white strongly irrorated with
dark brown; a slight dark brown postmedial line, excurved to
diseal fold, then oblique to inner margin beyond middle; a fine
dark brown terminal line. Hind wing

¢ white slightly irrorated
with brown except on inner area; a rather punctiform dark brown
terminal line to submedian fold.

Underside of fore wing suffused
and irrorated with brown.
Hab. U.S.A., Arizona,
14 mm.

Phenix (Kunze), 1 9 type. Hap.

On new Bryozoa from Esthonia. 327

XXXI.— New Bryozoa from the Kuckers Stage in Esthonia,
By Henprik Bekker, Cand. Geol., University of Tartu
(Dorpat).

[Plate VIL]

INTRODUCTION.

In the summer of 1917, I made a collection of bryozoa in
the quarries of the villages iirpsalu and Kuk:use or
Kuckers, 10 km. N.W. of Jewe Station. These quarries had
been taken in hand by the Russian Committee of [uel
in Petrograd, for the purpose of determining the existence
aud thickness of shale in the Kuckers stage of the Middle
Ordovician in Ksthonia. I was unable to obtain the results
of their research, and because of war conditions could move
without restriction only in a very limited area.

During the winter of 1917, and in the first quarter of 1918,
I determined a part of the collection in the Geological
Institute of the University of Tartu (Dorpat or Jurjev).
For the more complete examination and study of my
collection, 1 had the opportunity of visiting London.

I am indebted to the officers of the Geological Department
of the British Museum for facilities in the library, for the
use of Dr. R. 8. Buassler’s bryozoa collection from Ksthonia,
and the bryozoa material collected by Dr. F. A. Bather from
EKsthonia and the Swedish formations, especially those
of Ocland.

1 have also been permitted to work in the Library and
Museum of Practical Geology.

Finally, | must express my warmest thanks to Dr. F. A.
Bather, F.R.S., for his indispensable help in revising the
manuscript.

KCUCKERS STAGE IN KUKRUSE AND TURPSALU.

In the vicinity of the villages Kukruse and Tiirpsalu,
3-6 km. from the shores of the Gulf of Finland, the Middie
Ordovician strata rise in a sloping terrace, varying in height
from 3 to 5 or 6 metres. On the slope of this ascent the
Kuckers stage (C, of I’. Schmidt *) crops out. This stage is
a white or greyish-yellow limestone or marl, with intercalated
layers of bituminous shale.

* F. Schmidt, “On the Silurian and Cambrian Strata of the Baltic
Provinces ete.,’” Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc, xxxviii. p. 514 (1882).

328 Mr. H. Bekker on new Bryozoa

In a quarry on the top of the ascent in the village Tiirpsalu
is the following section :—

Ground moraine and soil.

60 in.—Greyish limestone, marly in the lower part.
8 in.—Bituminous shale.
12 in.—Marly limestone.
16 in.—Bituminous shale.
20 in.—Compact greyish limestone, marly in the upper part.

The lowest limestone, of which only the upper 20 inches
are here observed, contains abundant remains of different
species of Orthoceratites, Brachiopoda, Cystoidea—among
these Echinospherites aurantium, Gyll.,—and other fossils.
The upper part of this limestone has thin interlayers of
yellow-brown shale.

On this limestone rests a shale layer, 16 in. thick, of
a rusty-brown or amber colour ; the shale has absorbed a
certain amount of underground water, is soft, and can be
ground with the fingers. After drying the shale is lighter
in colour, with different shades of light or dark brown,
walnut, or amber—the lighter portions being those which
contain more calcareous remains of organisms. The hardness
of the shale depends on the amount of lime or clay-marl ;
the hardness of the lime-shale may be 1°5—-2, whilst the clay-
shale is very soft (1). The dry shale can be split into irre-
gular slates with conchoidal fracture.

According to Paltshinski (“ Denj,” viii. 1917), the bitumi-
nous shale occurred from ZGamburg (Russia) to Reval
(I&sthonia)—200 km.—over an area 50 km. wide. he
total quantity of the bituminous shale may be 40 to 50
milliards of tons.

Then follows a thin bed (12 in.) of greyish or light yellow
marly limestone ; this limestone is interbedded with thin
layers of shale from a quarter to three-quarters of an
inch thick.

On this limestone again rests a bed of shale (8 in.), like
that already described.

Finaily, above this shale bed is a greyish limestone (60 in.) ;
its lower part is marly or softer, with thin interlayers of
shale ; towards the top it is more compact and greyish white.

The surface of this limestone and the slopes of the terrace
are covered with a ground-moraine—boulder clay, or gravel
and sand,—varying in thickness from 2 or 3 in. to 80 in. and
more. ‘The lower part of this ground-moraine is the “ rithk,”
composed of limestone boulders,

from the Kuckers Stage in Esthonia. 329

The whole thickness of the Kuckers stage, which may
vary from 30 to 50 feet, is not seen in the beds of the quarry
described above.

Below the terrace bituminous shale is found under peat
for a distance of 1 km. northwards. ‘The shale was to be
used in the summer 1917 for fuel in some factories in
Hsthonia and Petrograd. In Kukruse and Tiirpsalu it was
worked from quarries and adits under the terrace-like ascent.

The marly bed and the limestone of the Kuckers stage
contain very fine crystals of marcasite, galena, groups of
calcite crystals, and copper glance.

The fauna of the Kuckers stage is very abundant: though
closely related to the Kchinospheerite limestone (C,), the
development of species and individuals is greater. In great
abundance are brachiopods, gasteropods, crinoids, cystideans,
orthoceratites, ostracods, and fragmentary remains of trilobites.
The characteristic fossil Phacops (Chasmops) ordint can often
be found in excellent preservation, as can also other fossils.
The various bryozoa exist in great abundance. Very often
the shale-beds are crowded with bifoliate and other fine
bryozoa, whose white calcareous skeletons compose 30 to 40
per cent. of the shale in some parts.

New BryozoA OF THE KUCKERS STAGE.

Pacuypicrya, Ulrich.

Ulrich, 1882, Journ. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist. vol. v. p. 152.
Ul

O
O, Ulrich, 1890, “ Paleozoic Bryozoa,” Geol. Sury. Llinois, vol. viii.

K. O.
K. O.

part 2.
R. 8. Bassler, 1911, “ Early Paleoz., Bryozoa of the Baltic Provinces,”
Bull. U.S, National Mus, Ixxvii. p, 187,

Puchydictya kuckersensis, sp. n. (PI. VII. figs. 1-6.)

Di. gnosis. Goarvium bifoliate, frequently branching, The
zocecial apertures circular, arranged in transverse, often
sinuous rows.

Locality and Horizon. Kukruse (Kuckers) and Tiirpsalu,
Esthonia. Middle Ordovician, stage O, of Prof. F. Schmidt.

Material. Holotype in my collection in the Geological
Museum of the University of Tartu (Dorpat). Paratypes, two
specimens of my collection in the British Museum, Geological
Dept., Regd. D. 29836-7.

Description. ZGoarium dichotomously branching; the
branches may be situated close to (1 mm.) or at any distance
(21 mm. or more) from each other (figs. 1, 2, 3). The

330 Mr. H. Bekker on new Bryozoa

branches on my fragment are 2 mm. broad near the stem and
gradually get broader ; their normal width is 3 mm. ; the
goarium ig 1-1'5 mm. thick and elliptical in transverse
section.

Zocecia are situated on both sides of the zoarium, but not
on its. margins. On the surface the shape of the zocecia is
circular, sometimes one end of the aperture is_ slightly
narrower; the zocecial apertures have a distinct peristome.
Transverse to the axis of the zoarium, within 2 mm. are 5
zocecia, The transverse rows of zocecia, often sinuous, vary
in number from 4 to 6 within 2 mm. according to the size of
the interspaces. On the face of a zoarium 38 mm, wide ina
transverse row are 7-9 zowcia. The surface of the zoarium
between the zocecial apertures and on the margins is covered
with numerous minute granules (fig. 4.)

A tangential section (fig. 5) shows in the greyish calcite
mass lighter, hexagonally shaped figures, with circular or
oval transverse sections of zocecial tubes, a little smaller than
the zocecial apertures on the surface of the zoarium,

A transverse section (fig. 6) shows the zoccial tubes with
thin, light-coloured, narrow walls; in the tubes are some
diaphragms ; the tubes are a little larger on the surface than
in the interior of the zoarium. In the middle of the same
section are two layers of median tubuli, as seen iu transverse
section.

Comparison with other Species of Pachydictya in Esthonia *.
—P. elegans always has elliptical zocecial apertures, with less
distinct peristome ; between the longitudinal zocecial rows
are distinct ridges, and the ends of the elliptical apertures are
also joined by ridges. P. flabellum differs from P. elegans
and P. kuckersensis by its oviform zoeecial apertures, and
from the latter by its ridges on the surface of the zoarium.
P.. cyelostomoides differs from all other species of Pachydictya
in its large zocecial apertures and in its granular ridges
between the zocecial rows. P. crassa differs strikingly from
P. kuckersensis in the distinct straight ridges between the
zocecial rows and in the shape of its zocecial apertures,

Pachydictya crassa, Hall. (Pl. VII. figs. 7, 8.)

Stictopora crassa Hall, 1852, Nat. Hist. New York, Pal. ii, p. 45,
pl. xviii. figs. 4 a-e.

Pachydictya crassa, Hall, Bassler, 1906, “ Bryozoan Fauna of the
Rochester Shale,’ Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv. cexcii. p. 57, pl. xviii.
fies. 11, 12, pl. xxi. figs. 14-16. :

* See R. S. Bassler, 1911, “Early Paleoz. Bryozoa of the Baltic

Provinces,” Bull, U.S. National Mus, Ixxvii.

from the Kuckers Stage in Esthonia. 331

Diagnosis. Zoarium dichotomously branching with parallel
edges ; branches in cross-section elliptical, with narrow,
non-celluliferous, striated margins. Zocecial apertures ellip-
tical, in parallel longitudinal rows, separated by linear ridges,
wichout vranules,

Locality and Horizon. Kukvuse, Esthonia. Middle Ordo-
vician, stage Cy; 1n the bituminous shale.

Material. \i igured specimen (fig. 8) in the British Museum,
Geological Dept., Regd. D. 298382. Specimens in my
collection in the Geological Museum of the University
of Tartu (Dorpat).

Discription, The fragmentary zoaria of my specimens
possess zocecia on both sides, branching dichotomously. The
branches are 2- Ze mm. wide The ‘length of the figured
zoarlal fragment (fig. 7) 1s 22 mm.

The zocecial maces are elliptical, a very few are slightly
pointed. The apertures have a thin- walled peristome. Longi-
tudinally to the axis of the zoarinm, within 2 mm. are 3°5-4
apertures. ‘The zocecia are in longitudinal parallel rows ;
they are separated from each other by spaces equal to the
half of their longer diameter. On each side of the zoarium
are 7 or 8 rows of z ecia (fig. 8). The zooecial rows aie
separated from each other by fine linear ridges. The zoarium
is elliptical in cross-section, with sharpened striated margins.

My Specimens are in all respects very similar to the
American specimens of P. erassa figured by Bassler (loc. cit.)

NeMATopora, Ulrich.

E. O. Ulrich, 1888, Amer. Geol. vol. i. p. 234.
EK. O. ees 1890, ‘ ‘Paleozoic Bryozoa,” Geol. Surv. Tlinois, vol. viii.
pt. 2, pp. 401, 614,

Ras: Baesles. 1911, “Karly Paleoz. Bryozoa of the Baltic Provinces,”
Bull. U.S. iNetiosall Mus. lxxvii. p- 155.

Nematopora bo;oljubovt, sp. n. (PI. VII. figs. 9, 10.)

Ihagnosis. Gocecia surround the cylindrical zoarium in
more or less parallel rows. Between the rows of the
eliiptical zooecial apertures are fine canaliculate longitudinal
ridges ; these are divided by little transverse ridges ito
squares.

Locality and Horizon. Kukruse, Esthonia. Middle Ordo-
vician, stage Cy; rare in the bituminous shale.

Mi eral ee in British Museum, Geological Dept.,

Regd. D. 2833. Paratype in my Mw ileetion i in ae Geolo: vteal
Museum of a University of Tartu (Dorpat).

Mr. H. Bekker on new Bryozoa

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334 Mr. H. Bekker on new Bryozoa

Description. Fragment of the zoarium (fig. 9) is 8 mm.
long, the diameter of the cylindrical zoarium is 1°5 min.
The zocecial apertures are elliptical, with rather sharpened
ends; the rows of the zocecial apertures run more or less
parallel to each other, around the zoarium. In all there are
12 zocecial rows. Lougitudinally, within 2 mm, are 4 zocecial
apertures; the apertures are 0°2 mm. wide. The zocecial
apertures are separated from each other by spaces equal to,
or a little less than, their longer diameter. The apertures
have a distinct peristome. The surface of the zoarium is
sculptured ; the sharpened ends 6f the zocecial apertures are
connected by two fine ridges; from these some transverse
ridges may go to the longitudinal ridges (tig. 10). These
longitudinal ridges run parallel between the rows of the
zocecial apertures ; they are grooved above or canaliculate.
This tine groove is divided by numerous fine transverse ridges
into little squares ; little apertures sometimes occur on the
bottoms of these squares.

Comparison with other Species in Esthonia.—N. bogoljubovi
has more numerous rows of zoecia (18,12), whilst WV. consueta
has only 4 rows, WV. ovalis 4 or 5, N. fragilis 6, N. lineata
G6 (or less). In addition the structure of the surface is more
complicated in this species.

The trivial name is in honour of my first teacher of geo-
logy in Tartu (Jurjev), Professor N. Bogoljubov.

On the table (pp. 332 & 333) are marked with asterisks the
species of bryozoa recorded by Bassler (1911, ‘ Karly Paleoz.
Bryoz. Baltic Prov.”) from the Kuckers stage, and the stages
above or below this stage. From the Kuckers shale and
limestone near Jewe and Kuckers, the district in which I
collected, Bassler quotes 37 species (from the Kuckers stage,
from Jewe to Reval, Bassler quotes 46 species). Of these
37 species, I have found 18 in my collection.

In the columns, with the exception of the third and two
last, are species which Bassler described among others from
the Glauconite, Echinospherite, and Jewe limestones, the
Wassalem bed, and the Wesenberg, Lyckholm, and Bork-
holm limestones. I have found these species—1L6—in the
Kuckers shale and marl or limestone in the quarries of the
villages Kukruse and Tiirpsalu.

In the last column are marked with (x) all the species,
with two new spp. and one American, which I found in the
Kuckers shale and marl or marly limestone.

The bryozoan fauna in the Kuckers stage is very rich. In
a very limited locality (3 to 5 km.) I have found 87 species.

jrom the Kuckers Stage in Esthonia. 335

With the other species named by Bassler for this stage, this
makes a total of 56 species.

In the British Muscum, Geological Dept., there are of the
species of my collection which I found in the Kuckers stage,
named on the table (pp. 832 & 333), the following :—Proto-
crisina exigua, Ulrich, Regd. D. 29830; Pachydictya bifur-
cata, Hall, Regd. D. 29838; Chasmatopora tenella, Kichwald,
Reed. D.29881; Batoston.a winchellt, Ulrich, Regd. D.29834;
Bat stoma fertile cireulaure, Ulrich, Regd. D. 29835. ‘The
other species that I found in the Kuckers shale and marl,
named on the table, are in my collection in the Geological
Museum of the University of ‘Tartu.

The mode of occurrence of the various species is remark-
able. In some places the fine delicate white skeletons of
diverse bryozoa are in great abundance ; locally they are
absent from the shale. In the bituminous or oil shale the
following abound :—Chasmatopora furcata, Pseudohorneu
bifida, Protocrisina exigua, Pachydictya elegans, P. cyclosto-
moides, P. kuckersensis, Graptodictya bonnmmat. Vere is
au abuidance of Trepostomata in the shale and still more in
tle marl or limestone, e.g.: Diplotrypa petropolitana,
Dianulites petropolitana, Hallopora dybouskyt, and various
species of Batostoma and Hemiphragma.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE VII.

Pachydictya kuckersensis, sp. n.
Figs. 1-3. Outlines of zoarial fragments, nat. size.
tg. 4, Portion of zoarial surface, x 12 diam.
Fig. 5, Tangential section of zoarium, X 12 diam.
Tig. 6. Transverse section of zoarium, X 12 diam,

Pachydictya crassa, Hall.

Fig. 7. Outline of zoarial fragment, Brit. Mus., Geol, Dept., D. 29882 ;
nat, size.
Fig. 8. Portion of zoarial surface of the same specimen, X 7 diam.

Nematopora bogoljubovi, sp. n.

Fig. 9. Zoarial fragment ; holotype; Brit. Mus., Geol. Dept., D. 29888 ;
nat. size.
Fig. 10. Portion of zoarial surface of the holotype, x 13 diam,

336 Prot. ak Trouessart on

XXXIII.-~—Diagnose de Genres nouveaux de Sarcoptides
plumicoles (Analgesine). Par E.-L. Trougssart, Pro-
fesseur au Muséum National de Paris.

Depuis la “ Révision”’ des genres de ce groupe que j’ai
publiée dans le ‘ Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France,’
tome xl, 1916, p. 207, de nouvelles recherches m/’ont fait
connaitre plusieurs types inédits appartenant principalement
aux régions Orientale et Australienne, et dont le plus re-
marquable est le genre Hemialges*, riche déja de plus de 30
espéces nouvelles, et qui se distingue autant par sa distri-
bution géographique que par ses caractéres. D’autres genres,
anciennement connus, ont besoin d’étre subdivisés et plusieurs
sont entiérement nouveaux. J’en donne ici les caractéres.

ANALGES (Nitzsch, 1818), genus restrictum, 1919.

Male hétéromorphe.—Pattes de la III® paire 4 1° article
plus étroit que les suivants, retréci & son extrémité distale ;
les quatre derniers articles soudés et renflés en forme de
ballon ; la griffe terminale du tarse dépourvue d’ambulacre.

Type: Analges chelopus (Hermann), sur Passer domesticus,

d’ Kurope.

ANALGOPSIS, gen. nov.

Analges (partim), auctorum.

Méle hétéromorphe.—Pattes de la III*® paire réguliérement
fusiformes, sans rétrécissement au 1 article, le 2° étant le
plus renflé. La griffe terminale portant quelquefois un reste
de la tige de l’ambulacre, sous forme d’une griffe mince,
transparente et incolore.

Remarque.—Dans ces deux genres (Analges et Analgopsis)
les males homéomorphes (ou complémentaires), & pattes IIT
plus gréles, different peu, et par conséquent ne peuvent étre
utilisés pour la distinction des espéces et du genre, qui doit
étre basée sur le male hétéromorphe.

Type: Analges passerinus (L.), sur plusieurs Fringillide
d’ Hurope.

PLESIALGES, gen. nov.

Male héléromorphe-—Tres semblable & Ana/ges par le
reuflement des afticles 2 et 3 de Ja ILI® paire, mais la griffe

* Une Monographie de ce genre, avec figures, est en préparation.

new Crenera of Analgesinee. 337

terminale ayant conservé la tige de l’ambulacre renflée en
forme de bouteille dépourvue de col. Abdomen entier et plus
développé en largeur que chez Analges.—Femelle semblable
a celles d’ Analges.

Type: Plesialges mimus, nov. sp., sur Pomathorinus
superciliosus,.d’ Australie.

Hemiacgs, Trt., 1888 (subg. ; genus, 1915).
Bull, Soc. Zool. France, 1915, p, 218.

Méle hétéromorphe-—Généralement trés robuste, 4 trone
plus ou moins large, les pattes [II insérées trés en avant et
portant des ambulacres plus ou moins courts ou atrophiés.
Abdomen entier ou trés faiblement échancré.—Femelle sem-
blable a celles d’Analges.

Type: Megninia pappus, sur Manucodia atra de Nouvelle-
Guinée.

Remarque.—Ce genre, qui par ses caractéres s’intercale
entre Analgopsis et Megninia, comprend des espéces de grande
taille mais dont le polymorphisme des males est souvent trés
accusé. Sa distribution géographique, trés nette, a son centre
i la Nouvelle-Guinée, avec quelques espéces aberrantes
s’étendant jusqu’d la Malaisie et & Madagascar dune part,
jusqu’a |’ Australie Septentrionale de lautre, et & la Polynésie
occidentale.

HYPERALGES, Trt., 1915.
Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1915, p. 219.

Male hétéromorphe.-—Rappelant Hemialges, mais beaucoup
plus allongé, avec abdomen échaneré et aminci, formant trois
étages ; les ventouses copulatrices placées sur |’étage inter-
mnédiaire de maniére & constituer avec l’étage antéro-inférieur
une poche qui recoit Pabdomen de la femelle pendant Paccou-
plement.

Type: Hemialges magnificus, sur Melanorhectes nigrescens
de Nouvelle-Guinée (c’est le géant des Sarcoptides plumi-
coles).

Remarque.—C’est par erreur que cette espece a d’abord été
attribuée & Lophorina superba, le premier male, longtemps
seul connu, ayant été rencontré (accidentellement) sur ce
Paradisier du méme pays.

PSOROPTOIDES, gen. nov. -

Méle hétéromorphe.—Conformation des pattes rappelant le
genre psorique Psoroptes, c’est-a-dire le tarse des pattes

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. iv. 25:

338 Dr. G. A. K. Marshall on

antérieures terminé par une griffe, la tige de l’ambulacre
(rejetée sur le cété) longue et gréle ; le tarse des pattes IV
tronqué comme ciiez Mesalges—Femelle a pattes II] portant
trois épines autour de la tige de l’ambulacre, et munie d’une
plaque notogastrique. Nymphes et larves dépourvues d’ambu-
lacre & cette patte, qui se termine par des épines.

Type: Megninia psoroptopus sur Dichoceros bicornis de
Malaisie.

METANALGES, gen. nov.

Male 4 abdomen trés allongé, dépassant de beaucoup les
pattes III qui ont le tarse court; pattes TV sous-abdominales,
plus courtes mais aussi grosses 4 leur base que les pattes ITI,
& tarse tronqué et échancré. Abdomen fortement échancré,
bilobé. Manchettes des pattes antérieures peu prononcées.—
Femelle dépourvue de plaque notogastrique.

Type: Megninia elongata sur Tricholimnas lafresnayanus
de Nouvelle-Calédonie.

Nota.—C’est par suite d’une erreur d’étiquette que cette
espéce a été indiquée précédemment comme trouvée sur
Ocydromus australis. L’espace était classée dans le genre
Ocydromus avant la création du g. Tricholimnas, Sharpe, en
1893.

XXXIV.—On the Genus Aorus, Schh. ( Coleoptera, Curcu-
lionide). By Guy A. K. MarsHALtL, D.Sc.

SCHONHERR’S genus Aorus appears to have been entirely
overlooked by recent students of the Curculionide, and this
has probably been due to the fact that Lacordaire, who
professed to have been acquainted with the type-species,
erroneously placed it among the Cossonine, although Schéu-
herr himself quite rightly pointed out its very close relationship
to his South-American genus Ama/actus, ‘The genus has
consequently been redescribed by several authors, as shown
in the following synonymy :—

Genus Aokus, Schh.
Aorus, Schonherr, Gen. Cure. iii, 1836, p. 253.—Type, A. spadiceus,
Gyl.
Leptobaris, Gerstaecker, Monats, Berl. Ak. 1855, p. 639 (syn. noy.).—
Type, A. castaneus, Gerst.

the Genus Aorus, Schh. 339

Exarcus, Pascoe, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) xix. 1880, p. 372 (syn.
nov.).—Type, A. hearsey?, Pase.

Stenodema, Faust, Knt. Nachr. xi. 1885, p. 16.—Type, A. castaneus,
Gerst. (=ferrugineus, Fst.).

Gerstaecker assigned the genus to the Baridine, from
which, however, it ‘must be excluded owing to the structure
of the mesepimera; whereas Faust placed it in the Krirrhinine,
and this seems the most satisfactory conclusion.

Key to the Species of Aorus.

1 (14). Second joint of front tarsi as broad as or
broader than long ; prothorax coarsely
punctate at the sides.
(5), Prothorax coarsely punctate throughout ;
intervals of elytra each with a single
row of distinct widely spaced punc-
tures.
(4). Punctures on the prothorax much broader
than the interspaces between them ;
punctures in the striz of the elytra
subquadrate and as broad as or
broader than the interyals.......... spadiceus, Gyl.
4 (3). Punctures on the prothorax narrower
than the interspaces; punctures on
the elytra round and narrower than
the'intenalas<co.c5c.c eek «ose. castanens, Gerst,
(2). Prothorax finely punctate on ‘the disk
and much more coarsely so at the sides
and base; intervals of elytra impunc-
tate.or with minute irregular punc-
tures.
6 (13). Prothorax not or but very slightly
broader than long; length 7-10 mm.
7 (10). Form more elongate, the elytra nearly
three times as long as the prothorax ;
second joint of funicle longer, the
third as long as broad; colour red-
brown. (Asiatic species. 5
8 (9). Anterior tibie with a very strong an-
gular process internally in the middle,
bearing a tooth that is directed ob-
liquely forwards; the width of the
tibia to the tip of this tooth as great
as at the apex including the uncus;
the basal external angles of the elytra
CUES 5 ole GARE eUlb de Genin ae . hearsey?, Pase.
9 (8). Anterior tibiz only slightly and roundly
produced internally, the teeth small,
vertical, and not projecting more than
half as far as the apical uncus; the
basal external angles of the elytra
MUO MUCVO CL dee ck ct lel cia las Sain ote atin s & ferrugineus, Boh.
10 (7). Form stouter, the elytra only a little
25*

bs

oo

(oda

340 Dr. G. A. K. Marshall on

more than twice as long as the pro-

thorax ; second joint of funicle shor ter,

the third transverse ; colour piceous

black. (African species.)
11 (12). Forehead as broad as the base of the

rostrum; prothorax broadest at the

middle ; elytra with distinct strize

containing closely-set punctures; tibiae

armed internally with stout teeth and

with a long external apical spine . anthracinus, Branes.
12 (11). Forehead much narrower than the base

of the rostrum; prothorax broadest

well before the middle ; elytra hardly

striate on the disk, with rows of large

rounded fovez separated by spaces as

long as the foveze themselves; tibice

merely serrate internally and with a

very short external apical spine .... cancellutus, sp. n.
13 (6). Prothorax distinetly broader than long ;

length 5:oumim, | sant ee. pine ee . picea, Fst.
14 (1). Second joint of front tarsi nearly twice

as long as broad; prothorax very

finely “punctate at the sides, more

strongly so on the disk ; colour reddish

IDLOWI Pia, cairo apenas earek aay een vere tenuipes, Sp. 0.

1. Aorus spadiceus, Gyl.

Aorus spadiceus, Gyllenhal, Schonh. Gen. Cure. ili. 1836, p. 254.
Leptobaris gerstaeckert, Faust, Stett. ent. Zeit. 1894, p. 148 (syn. nov.).

SENEGAL. SreRRA LEONE. N. NIGERIA: Baro (Dr.J. J.
Simpson). ABYSSINIA.

2. Aorus castaneus, Gerst.

Leptobaris castanea, Gerstaecker, Monatsh. Berl. Ak. 1855, p. 639 ; id.,
Peters’s Reise Mozamb. ii. 1862, p. 315, pl. xvii. fig. 14; Faust,
Stett. ent. Zeit. 1894, pp. 149 & 560.

Stenodema ferruginea, Faust, Ent. Nachr. xi. 1885, p. 17.

Leptobaris brunnea, Brancsik, Soc. Hist. Nat. Trencsén, xix.-xx. 1897
(1898), p. 124, pl. iv. fig. 16 (syn. nov.).

N. RHODESIA: Boroma (Rev. H. P. Menyharth). NYAsa-
LAND (Thelwall) ; 8.W. shore of L. Nyasa, 11-111. 1910, and
liuo Valley, iii. 1910 (S. A. Neave) ; Fort Herald, on grass,
v.-vi. 1913 (Dr. J. H: S. Old). Porruaurse HE. ArFrica:
Mozambique ( Peters, type).

Avorus hearseyi, Pase.

Frarcus hearseri, Pascoe, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) x xix, 1880, D. 372,
Exvarcus pascoei, Faust, Deut. ent. Zeits. 1898, p. 286 (syn. nov.)

ttt Ge sii >

the Genus Aorus, Schh. 341

Burma: Rangoon (type) ; Tharrawaddy (G. C. Corbett). '

Faust was not acquainted with Pascoe’s species, and his
description of J. pascoe? agrees in all particulars with Pascoe’s
type. As, moreover, the localities from which the two unique
types came are only 50 miles apart, there seems to be little
reason for doubting that they belong to a single species.

4, Aorus ferrugineus, Boh.

Aorus ferrugineus, Boheman, Schénh. Gen. Cure, viii. pt. 2, 1845,
p. 444,

JAVA (type). Inpo-Cuina: Cho-ganh, Tonkin (ZL. Du-
port) ; Kampong Kedey, Cambodia, iv. 1914 (&. Vitalis de
Salvaza).

I am indebted to M. EK. Fleutiaux for three specimens from
Tonkin, which I attribute to this species. I have not seen
the type, which is in Copenhagen, but the Indo-Chinese
examples accord so well with Boheman’s description that I
ean have little doubt as to the correctness of the identification.
M. Fleutiaux informs me that in Tonkin this species is very
common in the month of May on the ears of rice.

5. Aorus anthracinus, Brancs.

Leptobaris anthracina, Branesik, Soc. Hist. Nat. Trencsén, xix.—xx.
1897 (1898), p. 124, pl. iv. fig. 17.

N. Ruopesta: Boroma (fev. H. P. Menyharth, type).
PortucursE HK. Arrica: Beira, vii. 1903 (P. A. Sheppard).
Uaanpa: Kampala, x.-xi. 1917 (C. C. Gowdey). SENEGAL.

6. Aorus cancellatus, sp. n.

g. Colour shining piceous black, without any trace of
scaling or setae; the legs and antenna piceous.

Head with small sparse shallow punctures, the vertex
transversely aciculate, the forehead much narrower than the
base of the rostrum and with a deep round central fovea.
Rostrum stout, as long as the prothorax, slightly curved at
the insertion of the antennee, subcylindrical from the base to
beyond the middle, thence distinctly dilated to the apex,
distinctly and evenly but not very closely punctate throughout,
the punctures at the sides being larger than those above; the
antennee inserted at about one-fourth from the apex. P7yo-
thorax a little broader than long, strongly rounded at the
sides, broadest well before the middle, the base truncate, the
apical constriction well marked, and a shallow transverse

342 On the Genus Aorus, Schh.

impression close to the basal margin; the upper surface
rather flattened and with fine sparse punctures on the disk,
those in the basal impression and at the sides very coarse,
being much broader than the spaces between them. lytra
subcylindrical, rather broader than the widest part of the
prothorax, the basal margin gently sinuate, its external angles
rounded, and the sides shallowly constricted before the apex 5
the disk scarcely striate, but with rows of foves separated
longitudinally by spaces about as long as the foveze themselves,
the rows becoming striate externally and behind and with the
punctures more closely placed; the intervals with sparse
minute irregular punctures, plane and as broad as the fovez
on the disk, but becoming slightly costate towards the sides
and apex, the junction of the second and tenth intervals at
the apex only slightly elevated. Legs with the femora finely
and sparsely punctate and not with coarser punctures towards
the apex; the tibia not armed internally with the usual long
teeth, but with short serrations, the posterior pairs being
scarcely sinuate internally, and the apical external tootli very

short on all the tibiw; the second joint of the front tarsi
broader than long.

Length 8 mm., breadth 3 mm.

ANGOLA: Benguella (Coll. Pascoe).

Type in the British Museum.

Superticially resembles A. anthracinus, but differs from all
the species known to me in its coarsely punctate elytra and
in having the forehead narrower than the base of the rostrum.

7. Aorus tenutpes, sp. n.

g. Colour light reddish brown, shiny, with the apex of
the prothorax and the tips of the femora darker; the body
entirely devoid of scales or sete.

Head very sparsely punctate, the forehead rather broader
than the base of the rostrum and with a large central fovea.
Rostrum about as long as the prothorax, stout, rather strongly
curved, cylindrical and not dilated at the apex ; the punctation
fine and rather sparse, but coarser at the sides in the basal
half; the antennge inserted at one-fourth from the apex.
Prothorax slightly broader than long, strongly rounded at
the sides, broadest about the middle, sharply narrowed at the
apex but scarcely constricted, the base truncate and shallowly
depressed below the level of the disk; the upper surface
markedly flattened, with small deep punctures on the disk,
which are narrower than the spaces between them, those at
the sides much finer and shallower. /ytra a little more than

On Crossophorus collaris, Zemprich § Ehrenberg. 343

twice as long as broad and two and a half times as long as
the prothorax, parallel-sided in the basal third, then gradually
narrowed to the apex, before which there is a shallow con-
striction ; the basal margin gently sinuate, with the external
angles rounded, the apex truncate; the strize shallow on the
disk, but deeper behind and on the inflexed margins, and
containing closely set deep punctures ; the intervals about as
broad as the striae, slightly convex, and with a few very
minute punctures, the junction of intervals 2 and 10 at the
apex distinctly swollen. Legs comparatively long and
slender ; the femora minutely coriaceous and with very sparse
fine punctures throughout; the tibiz gently sinuate externally,
the inner edge deeply bisinuate and armed with strong seti-
gerous teeth in the apical half, and the external apical spine
long and distinctly curved; the tarsi unusually long and
slender, the second joint of the front pair being nearly twice
as long as broad.

Length 7 mm., breadth 2°2 mm.

PortuGcuese KE. Arrica: Beira, vil. 1903 (P. A. Sheppard).

Type in the British Museum.

The slender tarsi and very fine lateral punctation of the
prothorax distinguish this insect from all the other species of
the genus.

8. Aorus piceus, Fst.
Leptobaris picea, Faust, Stett. ent. Zeit. 1894, pp. 148 & 149.

SiLERRA LEONE.

I have not succeeded in identifying this species, which, so
far as can be judged from Faust’s very brief description,
must resemble a dwarfed specimen of A. anthracinus, Branes.

XXX V.—Crossophorus collaris, Hemprich & Ehrenberg, a
little-known Nematode Parasite of the Hyrax. By H. A.
Bayuis, M.A.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

AN opportunity having recently occurred of examining
specimens of this very curious and highly specialized Ascarid
from the hyrax (Procavia sp.), it seems desirable to describe
the species in somewhat fuller detail than has hitherto been
done. The existing descriptions (Hemprich and Khrenberg,

344 Mr. H. A. Baylis on

1828; Schneider, 1866; Hall, 1916) are not only incom-
plete, but in some respects incorrect. The only recent
account—that of Hall—is not based on a re-examination of
the animal, but embodies, in an English version, the original

(ef)
(6) 0-3 mm.

Crossophorus collaris, Dorsal view of the anterior end.

C., “combs” of teeth representing the dentigerous ridge on the lip;
Ch., Ch.', different portions of the chitinous apparatus of the
“oizzard”; D., dorsal lip; /., fimbrie ; 1Z.Ocs., muscular wall of
cesophagus ; P., paired papilla of dorsal lip; Z., base of dorsal tooth
of the “gizzard”; V., ventro-lateral lip.

Latin characterization of Hemprich and Ehrenberg and the
German description of Schneider. The only figures existing
appear to be those of Schneider (1866, text-fig., p.40, and
pl. ii. igs. 1 & 2). Copies of these are reproduced by Hall.

Crossophorus collaris, Hemprich & Ehrenberg. — 345

Crossophorus * collaris, Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1828.
Syn. Ascaris ferox, Schneider, 1866.

~The general dimensions of the worm are :—length, male,
up to 65 mm., female 55 to 90 mm. Maximum thickness
1°3 mm. in the male, about 2 mm. in the largest female.

The head measures 0°44—0°5 mm. across at the widest part
of the lips. The latter (fig. 1, D., V.) are large, semicircular
in general outline, with an indentation in the anterior margin,
and with projecting posterior angles, The dorsal lip (fig. 1, D.)
has two fairly conspicuous bilaterally symmetrical papillee
(fig. 1, P.). Each ventro-lateral lip has also two papillee,
but these are arranged asymmetrically with regard to each

‘
A
'
i]
‘

-
“sewer”

Crossophorus collaris. Diagrammatic representation of the arrangement
of the row of fimbriz (dotted line) as it would be seen in a front
view of the head.

other, as is indicated in Schneider’s figure (1866, pl. ii. fig. 2),
2. €., one papilla is situated a little to the ventral side of the
middle of the outer surface of the lip, while the other occupies:
a more forward position at the tip of the more dorsal of the
two anterior horns of the “ pulp.” The latter papilla is very
small.

There is a very distinct constriction behind the lips, oecupied
by a “collar” consisting of an apparently double row of

* Not Crossophorus, Brady, 1880 [Crustacean], Voy. H.M.S. ‘Chal-
lenger,’ Zoology, i. 3, Ostracoda,

346 Mr. H. A. Baylis on

cuticular fimbrie. The arrangement of these fimbrie is very
curious. ‘They form, in reality, a single endless chain,
which doubles on itself at the base of each lip, externally, and
passes round the base of the lip on to its inner surface. —
Running across the lip, it emerges again at the next inter-
labial space on to the outer surface, where it forms another

Crossophorus collaris. Part of the alimentary canal, as displayed by
dissection.

C., C., ceca; Int., anterior part of intestine; Oes., posterior part of
cesophagus.

loop before passing on to the next lip. The accompanying
diagram (fig. 2) may help to make this arrangement clear.
The fimbriz of the “collar” are of somewhat discoid shape,
flattened from side to side, and embedded in the cuticle in
such a way that their thin edges are seen in a view such as ts

Crossophorus collaris, Hemprich & Ehrenberg. 347

represented in fig. 1. Their projecting portions are slightly
bifid. The fimbriz on the inner surfaces of the lips are of
quite a different shape, being drawn out to a much greater
length, and branching dichotomously, so that their free ante-
rior ends form a series of little points or teeth. In addition
to these, each lip also bears, near the outer edges of its inner
aspect, seven or eight groups or “combs” of pointed teeth
(fig. 1, C.), forming an interrupted dentigerous ridge. The
number of teeth in each group varies from two to seven or
eight, without any appearance of symmetry.

The cuticle of the body is marked by transverse striations
from 6 w to 7 m apart.

The cesophagus (fig. 3, Oes.) is very long and slender,
measuring 15-20 mm. in length, and ends in a bulbous
expansion posteriorly. This is merely a muscular enlarge-
ment of similar structure to the rest of the cesophagus, and
not a specialized glandular swelling. Immediately behind
this two very long anteriorly directed czeca (fig. 3, C., C.)
spring from the intestine. They have slightly swollen ends,
and in a large specimen measure about 15 mm. in length.
The anterior portion of the cesophagus, extending to a distance
of 0°5-0°6 nm. from the anterior extremity, is specialized to
form a gizzard, containing an elaborate chitinous apparatus.
This consists of a chitinous lining within the muscular wall,
strengthened by three wing-like processes (fig. 1, Ch.) of
chitin embedded in the muscles, and produced internally into
three serrated triangular teeth (fig. 1, 7.) which meet in the
middle of the lumen. ‘The wing-like processes are continued
posteriorly as three long narrow strips of chitin (fig. 1, Ch.’)
embedded in the thickness of the muscular wall, and connected
near their origin by a transverse ring of chitin. The nerve-
ring crosses the cesophagus at 0°9-1°1 mm. from the anterior
end.

In the male the posterior end is curled towards the ventral
side. ‘The tail is very blunt and measures only 0°32 mm. in
length. ‘There are two equal spicules (fig. 4, S.), and not a
single spicule as stated in the earlier descriptions. They
measure 1°5 mm. in a straight line from base to tip, have a
tubular mid-rib and broad ala, and are of a granular and
transversely striated appearance. ‘There is also an accessory
piece (fig. 4, A.P.) U°32 mm. in length. The caudal
papilla are arranged, behind and for some little distance
in front of the anus, in two parallel rows on either side.
‘There are on either side nine postanal papille in each row.
In front of the anus the inner or more ventral row contains a
continuous series of about forty papille at regular intervals ;

348 Mr. H. A. Baylis on

the outer row extends only a short distance and contains only
five papillae.

In the female the tail is conically pointed and measures
0°5 mm. in length. The vulva is situated in the middle

bine
i
sete

a

a
i
i

aren
oe

cy ie

ze
NG
sei

Seen D

0-5
mm.

Crossophorus collaris. Posterior end of the male, seen from the right
side.

A.P., accessory piece; S., spicule of right side. The papille of the
right side only are shown.

third of the body, dividing the total body-length in the
proportion of 2:3. The vagina runs forward for about
8 mm., then doubles back upon itself to a point opposite the
vulva, where it gives off two uterine branches, which run in

Crossophorus collaris, Temprich & Ehrenberg. 349

epposite directions, one forward, the other backward. The
coils of the ovaries extend about as far as the middle of
the cesophagus anteriorly and the beginning of the Jast third
of the body posteriorly,

The eggs are of an elegant oval shape, measuring about
150 ux113y. They have a moderately thick smooth shell.

The material described above formed part of a collection
of parasites made by Lieut. A. Loveridge during,or after the
recent campaign in German Kast Africa. Locality, Dodoma.

Note on the Systematic Position of Crossoplhorus.

Although Railliet and Henry (1912) included this genus
in the subfamily Heterocheilinze, which was intended to
contain provisionally all Ascarids having cesophageal or
intestinal ceeca, it does not seem to possess many features in
common with any of the other forms answering to this
description. In the possession of a “ gizzard,” with chitinous
armature, and of an accessory piece in addition to the two
spicules in the male, it appears to stand quite alone. It
should, in fact, probably be regarded as an extremely
specialized offshoot of the Ascarid stock (using the term in a
wide sense). ‘lhe presence of two intestinal caeca does not,
as it seems to the writer, necessarily imply close relationship
with those forms in which one such appendage is present,
but may with equal, if not greater, probability be considered
in the light of an independently developed feature. If the
subfamily Heterocheiline (or family Heterocheilide) has any
claim to be regarded as a natural group, the inclusion in it of
such a form as this would merely tend.to make it appear an
unnatural one.

There is, as Hall (1916) points out, considerable doubt as
to the position of the second species, C. tentacu/atus, referred
to this genus by Hemprich and Ehrenberg. In the absence
of an adequate description of this form, it is at present
unpossible to determine whether it belongs to tlie same or to
another genus.

REFERENCES.

Harti, M.C. 1916. ‘Nematode Parasites of Mammals of the Orders
Rodentia, Lagomorpha, and Hyracoidea.” Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus.
1, pp. 1-258.

Hempricu, F. G., and ExrReEnBERG, C, G. 1828. ‘“Symbole physic
seu icones etc.” Pars Zoologica [unp.]. Berlin.

Ratruuiet, A., and Hrnry, A. 1912. “ Quelques Nématodes parasites
des Reptiles.” Bull. Soc. Path. Exot. v. 4, pp. 251-259.

ScHNEIDER, A, 1866. ‘Monographie der Nematoden.’ Berlin.

350 Mr. O. Thomas on the Types of the

XXXVI.—The Types of the Mammals described by
M. Fernand Lataste. By OLDFIELD THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

By a most liberal-minded act of generosity M. Fernand
Lataste, whose papers on Algerian and other mammals have
made his name well known to all workers on the subject, has
recently presented the whole of his fine collection of mammals
and reptiles to the British Museum—a most valuable and
highly appreciated accession.

In the collection there are the or:ginal specimens of practi-
cally all the species described by Lataste ; but it was not the
habit of workers at the date he wrote to particularize their
type-specimens, and many—in fact, the majority—of the
species are represented by numerous examples, often from
different localities, and sometimes by individuals which have
been kept alive in Paris and bred there; so that their
descendants have in some cases been distributed as representing
the species described.

Under these circumstances, both for the clearing up of any
questions that might arise as to types and to facilitate the
incorporation of the more important wild-killed individuals in
the Museum collection, I have thought it wise to give a list
of the species described by Lataste, to give the catalogue and
register numbers of the types when these are single, and,
when they are multiple, formally to nominate lectotypes for
each species from the original series.

The collection being accompanied by an admirable and
complete numbered catalogue, we have accepted the numbers
of that catalogue as the Museum register numbers, the usual
year, month, and day numbers 19. 7. 7. being placed in front
of them. Thus, Lataste’s no. 1234 now becomes B.M.
no. 19. 7. 7. 1234. Reference to the catalogue is thereby
facilitated, while the additional Jabelling required is reduced
to a minimum.

Vesperugo (Vesperus) tnnesi, Lat. (now Eptesicus innest).
Ann. Mus. Genov. (2) iv. p. 625 (1887). Hab. Cairo.

Based on two specimens, ¢ and 9, in spirit.
Lectotype. Female, B.M. no. 19. 7. 7. 8528. — Lectopara-.

type, the male, now in the Genoa Museum.

Mammals described by M. Fernand Lataste.

oo
Cr
=

Molossus fluminensis, Lat.
Ann. Mus, Genovy. (2) x, p. 658 (1891). Hab. Rio Janeiro.
Type. Adult female skull, B.M. no. 19. 7. 7. 324.
M. Lataste no doubt received this skull by exchange or
gift from the Santiago Museum, where the spirit-specimen
may still be preserved.

Lutra angustifrons, Lat.
Faun. Barb. Act. Soc. Linn, Bord. xxxix. p. 237 (1885). Hab. Bone,
N. Algeria.

Type. Adult, apparently female. Skull only. B.M. no.
19.7. ts 2531.

Bifa lerotina, Lat. (now Hliomys lerotinus).
Le Nat, iii. p. 61 (1885). Hab, Ghardaia, Mzab, Algerian Sahara,
Lectotype. Adult, Female skin, B.M. no. 19. 7. 7, 2884,

and its skull, 19.7. 7. 2883. Lectoparaiype, immature
female, 19. 7. 7. 2888.

Gerbillus hirtipes, Lat.
Le Nat. ii. p. 21 (1882). Hab. Bamendile, Ouargla.

Lectotype. Adult female skin, 19. 7. 7. 1594, and its skull,
19.7. 7. 1595. Ten specimens originally obtained,

Gerbillus garamantis, Lat. (now Dipodillus garamantis).
Le Nat. i, p. 507 (1881), Had. Sidi-Roueld, Ouargla,

Type. Old female skin, B.M. no. 19. 7. 7. 1596, and its
skull, 19. 7. 7. 1597.

Gerbillus simont, Lat. (now Dipodillus simon).
Le Nat. i. p. 497 (1881). Hab, Oued-Magra, N. of Hodna, High
Plateau of Algeria,

Lectotype. Adult female. Skin, 19. 7. 7. 2347, and skull,
19, 7. 7. 2426. ‘l'wenty-five specimens originally obtained.

Pachyuromys duprast, Lat.
Le Nat, i. p. 313 (1880), Had. Laghouat, Algerian Sahara.

Lectotype. Old female skin, no. 19.7.7. 2348, and its
skull, much deteriorated by captivity, no, 19. 7. 7. 2426 dis.

352 > Mr. O. Thomas on the Types of the

This would appear to be one of the original specimens
sent alive to Paris, and was mentioned as living there when
the animal was described.

The single specimen referred to by Lataste in his ‘ Mammals
of Barbary’ as undamaged by rickets is no. 19. 7. 7. 2272,
from Bou-Saada. ‘he species remains one of the rarest of
Algerian mammals.

Psammomys roudaire?, Lat.
Le Nat. i. p. 492 (1881). Hab, “ Chotts,” Plateau of Tunisia.
Lectotype. Female skin, no. 19. 7. 7. 1572, and its skull,
BE Teele lt) (lr
Meriones trouessarti, Lat.
Le Nat. ii. p. 69 (1882), Hab. Bou-Saada, Algeria.

Lectotype. Adult male skin no, 19. 7. 7. 2902, and its
skull, 10. 7%. 7. Looe.

Meriones ausiensis, Lat.
Le Nat. ii. p. 77 (1882). Hab, Oued-Akarit, Aumale, High Plateau
of Algeria.
Lectotype. Adult female skin, 19. 7. 7. 2993, and its skull,
19. Tate VOGT.
Meriones getulus, Lit.
Le Nat. ii. p. 83 (1882). Had. Tilremt, near Laghouat.
Lectotype. Adult female skin, B.M. no. 19. 7. 7, 1561, and
its skull, no. 19. 7. 7. Lo60.

Meriones longifrons, Lat.
P. Z. S. 1884, p. 88. Hab, Jedda, Arabia,
Lectotype. Male skeleton, B.M. no, 19. 7. 7. 2246.

Meriones albipes, Lat.
Le Nat. ii. p. 101 (1882). Had. Msila, High Plateau.

Lectotype. Female adult skin, 19.7, 7.1570, and its
skeleton, 19. 7. 7. 1571.

A co-type of M. albipes, the separate skull mentioned in
the original description, had already been presented to the
British Museum (no, 82. 7. 29. 10)—this now becoming a
lectoparaty pe.

Mammals described by M. Fernand Lataste. 353

Meriones shawt longiceps, Lat.
Mamm. Barb. Act. Soc. Linn. Bord. xxix. p. 269 (1885). Hab. Tunis.
Lectotype. Old male, skull only, 19. 7. 7. 1941.

The figured skull (P. Z. S. 1884, p. 94, fig. 2) is that of a
specimen of mixed parentage, no. 19. 7. 7. 2294.

Meriones shawt crassibulla, Lat.
Mamm. Barb. Act. Soc. Linn. Bord. xxix. p. 269 (1885). Hab. Te-
bessa and other localities, Algeria.

Lectotype. Adult female skin, B.M. no. 19. 7. 7. 2982, and
its skull, no. 19. 7. 7. 2981. From ‘Tebessa.

Mus spretus, Lat.
Act. Linn. Soc. Bord. xxxvii. p. 27 (1883). Hab. Oued-Magra, High
Plateau of Algeria.
Type. Adult female skin, 19. 7. 7. 1861, and its skeleton,
19. 4: ¢. L662.

Pitymys planiceps, Miller.
Aun. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) i. p. 203 (1908), Had. Baréges, Hautes
Pyrénées, France,
Type. Adult, skull only, B.M. no. 19. 7. 7. 2190.
M. Lataste appears to have received this skull from Baron
de Selys-Longchamps.

Dipus darricarreret, Lat. (now Jaculus).
Ann. Mus, Genoy. xviii. p. 661 (1883). Hab. Bou-Saada, Algeria.

Lectotype. Adult female skin, B.M. no. 19. 7. 7. 2077, and
its skull, 19. 7. 7. 2078.
(Probably referable to Jaculus jaculus desert’, Loche.)

Ctenodactylus mzabi, Lat. (now Massoutiera mzabi).
Bull. Soe. Zool. vi. p. 214 (1881). Hab. Ghardaia, Mzab.

Lectotype. Male skeleton, without skin, B.M. no.
19.7. 7.1811. The skull figured in the original paper.
The other co-type (now lectoparatype), female, was given to
the Paris Museum.

A metatype, skin and skull, is in the collection, B.M. no.
LOT Tete 2024.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. iv. 26

354 On Mammals described by M. Fernand Lataste.

Massoutiera (Felovia) ve, Lat. (now Felovia ve).
Le Nat. iii. p. 287 (1886). Had. Felou, Senegal.

Lectotype. Adult female skin, B.M.no. 19. 7. 7. 3233, and
its skull, 19. 7.7. 3232:

The collection contains five other skulls and a spirit-
specimen of this most striking animal, which was both
collected and described by M. Lataste.

Procavia latastet, Thos.
P. Z.S. 1892, p. 69. Hab. Felou, Senegal.

Lectotype. Male skull, B.M. no. 7.2.8.6. Formerly
Lataste no. 2684.

Sent by M. Lataste to the Museo Civico, Genoa, and after-
wards presented by the latter to the British Museum. Intro-
duced here to complete the list of typical specimens formerly
in the possession of M. Lataste. The distinction from
P. bocagei rested wholly on the skull, which would therefore
naturally be selected as the lectotype.

The other forms described by M. Lataste (Aertones shawt
laticeps, Gerbillus (Dipodillus) botte, and G. (D.) quadri-
maculatus) were all based on specimens in the Paris Museum.

In conclusion, I should like to emphasize the generosity
and scientific spirit M. Lataste has shown in presenting this
valuable collection to the British Museum, where it will be
so much appreciated. I have above only spoken of the
typical specimens, but the collection, irrespective of them, is
a most important accession to the Museum, containing many
hundreds of specimens from Algeria, considerable numbers
from Senegal, and an especially fine series of Huropean small
mammals—both skins, skulls, and spirit-specimens—in-
cluding many special rarities.

And, in addition, there are good skulls of many middle-
sized animals from the regions mentioned and elsewhere, such
as jackals, foxes, otters, porcupines, and others, all such being
very difficult to obtain, and therefore proportionally welcome
as a contribution to our scientific collections.

In all, this is one of the most important additions that the
mammal collection of the British Museum has ever received,

Descriptions and Records of Bees. 355

XXXVII.—Descriptions and Records of Bees—LXXXVII.
By T. D. A. Cockerett, University of Colorado.

Bombus prshewalskii, Morawitz.

Males from Gulmarg, Kashmir, 8500 ft., Sept. 17 (Dutt).
I have compared them with a worker from China (North
Ganj-su), received from Skorikov, and am satisfied that
they belong to the same species. B. tetrachromus, CkIl.,
from Baltistan, has the same remarkable colours (the
abdominal bands white, yellow, red, and then white again,
the yellow a bright canary-colour), but the malar space is
shorter.

Friese (1918) records B. prshewalskii (using the spelling
przewalskii) from Sikkim, Tibet, and Assam.

Dianthidium meliponiforme, sp. u.

? .—Length about 9 mm.

Black, robust, with the following parts chestnut-red :
clypeus, mandibles (except cutting-edge), broad band along
each inner orbit, elongate mark below middle ocellus, obscure
band on cheeks, antennz (flagellum dusky above), lateral
margins and lateral thirds of anterior margin of mesothorax,
tubercles and much of prothorax, axilla, very broad apical
band on scutellum, tegule, anterior tibiz in front, and
lower side of anterior femora; the abdomen has the hind
portions of the first five segments broadly and suffusedly
dark coppery reddish, but is without any distinct markings.
Clypeus finely punctured; front densely and coarsely
punctured ; mesothorax very coarsely and densely punctured,
except in the vicinity of the depressed middle line or sulcus,
where the punctures are sparse, exposing the dullish surface ;
scutellum extending backward with a sharp edge, strongly
emarginate in middle ; metathorax rugulose and glistening ;
hair of head and thorax scanty, black. Wings suffused
with reddish orange except apically ; stigma (which is large)
and nervures bright ferruginous ; b.n. meeting t.-m.; second
r.n. going far beyond end of second s.m. Legs with black
hair, very abundant on hind tibiz and tarsi; spurs black ;
first two abdominal segments shining and finely punctured,
the others less distinctly punctured, the sixth black, rather
sparsely punctured, and concave in lateral profile ; sides of
third and fourth abdominal segments with biack hair, but
fifth and anterior half of sixth with conspicuous pure white

356 Mr. T. D, A. Cockerell—Descriptions and

hair on extreme lateral margins; ventral scopa dark reddish »
brown.

Sandakan, Borneo (Baker, 9965).

A very remarkable insect, nearest perhaps to the Indian
D. lachrymosum (Smith). It looks like a Melipona.

Dianthidium cressonii, Dalla Torre.
Ward, Colorado, alt. 9250 ft., Aug. 10 (Cockerell).

Anthophora himalayensis, Rad.

Island of Penang (Baker).
This is A. proserpina, Gribodo, which Meade-Waldo found
to be inseparable from himalayensis.

Anthophora confusa, Smith.
Murree, India, 7500 ft. (Dut).

Pseudomelecta californica miranda (Fox).

Ute Pass, Colorado (Frances Long).
Taken at flowers of Asclepias halli.

: Megachile sandacana, sp. nu.

? .—Length about 13°5 mm.

Rather robust, black, with clear ferruginous femora, tibize,
and tarsi; head ordinary, with dense pale ochreous hair,
except on clypeus, where the hair is long and so thin that
the clypeus seen from in front appears nude; clypeus rugose
but shining, with a very strong median keel on upper three-
fourths, lower margin straight except for a slight crenulation;
mandibles black, the cutting-edge long and very oblique,
with only two teeth, the apical one long ; thorax densely
covered with pale ochreous hair, becoming fulvous on
scutellum ; mesothorax strongly punctured, the punctures
mainly in transverse rows; tegule red. Wings dusky
reddish ; abdomen broad and parallel-sided, the hind margins
of the segments with entire bands of bright ferruginous
hair, the rest of the dorsal surface covered with short thin
red hair, except the first segment, which has longer fulvous
hair; ventral scopa whitish basally, grading into copper-red
apically.

Sandakan, Borneo (Baker, 9602).

Smaller than M. bicolor (Fab.), and without black hair
on thorax above. Smaller than M. takaoensis, Ckll., and

Records of Bees. 357

abdomen differently ornamented. More robust than
M. rufofulva, Ckll. In the character of the clypeus it
resembles M. ferruginea, Friese, from Siam.

Megachile disjuncta (Fabricius).
Madras, July 17 (7. V. R.); Bangalore, March 28 (7. V.
R.); Koduvur, Kurnool district, Aug. (T. V. R.).
These Indian specimens have the hair at end of thorax
and base of abdomen pale fulvous. Ina specimen from Deli,
Sumatra (Martin), it is white.

Megachile aureobasis, Cockerell.

The female, hitherto unknown, comes from Bangalore,
India, Aug. 25, at Cosmos flowers (T. B. F.). Itis extremely
like the Hawaiian M. schawinslandi, Altken, differing by the
absence of red hair on front and occiput, entire red hair-
bands on second and third abdominal segments, and white
bands (interrupted in middle) on fourth and fifth.

This is evidently the species which Bingham confused
with M. stulta, Bingh.

Megachile ramakrishne, Cockerell.

Bangalore, March 28 (7. V. R.); Devanakonda, Aug. 15
(7. V. R.) ; Kodumur, Kurnool district (Ramakrishna).

Megachile fleicheri, sp. n.

3d .—Length nearly 13 mm.

With the coloration and general appearance of M. bicolor
(Fabr.), with the same red hair on dorsum of thorax
posteriorly, and white at sides of metathorax, the same colour
of wings, and bright dense red hair on abdomen, I should
refer it with little hesitation to bicolor (of which I possess
only the female), but for the fact that it disagrees with
Bingham’s description of the male. The face is densely
covered with pale cream-coloured hair, with no nude area’;
eyes green; head not proportionately larger than in female
bicolor ; anterior coxz with large black spines; anterior
femora, tibie, and tarsi red, the femora posteriorly and
tibize on outer side black ; anterior tarsi moderately dilated,
with a large dark spot on inner side, and a rather long white
fringe ; middle legs black with the femora in front, and the
tibiz, except at apex and on outer side, red; hind legs

358 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Descriptions and

black ; their spurs black ; middle and hind tarsi thickened,
with very long lateral fringes of shining creamy-white
curled hair; keel of sixth abdominal segment strongly
irregularly dentate, and emarginate in middle. Wings
dusky reddish, stigma ferruginous, nervures fuscous.

Bangalore, India, Aug. 25, on Cosmos flowers (T. B. F.).

Structurally similar to M. devadatta, Ckll., from N. India,
but larger and differing in many details.

Received from Mr. Ramakrishna Ayyar (No. 22).

Megachile geoffrei, n. n.

Megachile frederici, Meade-Waldo, Ann, & Mag. N. H., Nov. 1912,
p. 474 (not Cameron, 1901).

Gambia and Nigeria.

Megachile atrata fulvipennis (Smith).

Both sexes, Sandakan, Borneo (Baker, 9970).

Meyachile gemula albula (Lovell & Ckll.).

Minnehaha, Pike’s Peak, Colorado (Frances Long). New
to Colorado. At this locality Miss Long also took Bombus
occidentalis perivanthus (Ckll. & Porter), B. rufocinctus
phacelia, Ckll., Andrena edwinie, Ckll., A. prunorum, CkIl.,
A. medionitens, Ckll., Osmia bruneri, Ckll., O. densa, Cress.,
O. fulgida, Cress., O. melanotricha, Lov. & Ckll., O. pent-
stemonis, Ckll., O. hypoleuca, Ckll., Anthophora smithit, Cress.,
A. simillima, Cress., Titusella pronitens, Ckll., &c.

Pasites indicus, sp. n.

9 (type).—Length a little over 6 mm.

Head and thorax black, abdomen clear ferruginous, the
fifth segment blackened above; mandibles ferruginous,
stout and simple; eyes reddish brown ; scape black, red at
apex; flagellum red, dusky above except basally ; head and
thorax with appressed silvery hair, tinged with brown on
middle of mesothorax; tubercles red at end; tegule clear
ferruginous. Wings hyaline, tinged with brown; truncation
of marginal cell broad, little oblique; first r.n. ending
nearer to second than to base of second s.m. ; b.n. meeting
t.-m.; stigma and nervures ferruginous ; tibie and tarsi,
and apices of femora, ferruginous. Abdomen shining, with
large patches of appressed white hair at sides of first four

Records of Bees. 359.

segments, on fourth extended to form a broad rather nar-
rowly interrupted band; apical half of fifth segment covered
with white hair; apex of abdomen truncate.

3 .—Similar to the female ; antennz 12-jointed, flagellum
blackish except at base; first abdominal segment with a
black spot on each side ; apical plate of abdomen rounded,
densely hairy above; labrum large, ferruginous, dusky in
middle.

Pusa, Bihar, India, Sept. 1912 (Dutt).

Sent by Mr. T. Bainbrigge Fletcher (No.5). This greatly
extends the known distribution of the genus, the nearest
previously known locality for Pasites being Quetta. Owing
to its small size, this resembles P. minutus, Moes., which,
however, is even smaller. It also resembles that insect in
the hardly bigibbous scutellum, but it differs in the coloration
of the abdomen.

Crocisa minuta, Radoszkowski.

This little species was described from Mussooree, N.W.
Provinces, and was not known to Bingham, A male and
female from Chapra (Mackenzie), sent by Mr. T. B. Fletcher
(No. 28), agree with the description, but the male (with the
abdomen much contracted) is only about 6°5 mm. long.
The anterior projection of the band on second abdominal
segment is emarginate, and the whole band on each side of
the segment has the outline of a jaw-bone.

Apis florea, var. andreniformis (Smith).
Sandakan, Borneo (Baker).

Heterapis sandacanensis, sp. un.

? .—Length about 3:2 mm

Slender, shining black; clypeus with a large suboval
reddish-white mark, but no other face-marks; middle of
clypeus with dense excessively minute punctures, very much
smaller than the facets of the eye (which are large) ; laterally
these punctures run into longitudinal grooves, but the
extreme sides of the clypeus are impunctate ; labrum and
mandibles reddish orange, the latter with curled hairs on
outer side; antennze dark brown above, yellowish fulvous
below, flagellum short ; upper edge of prothorax ciliated
with white hair; mesothorax with sparse very minute pili-
ferous punctures; scutellum similarly punctured, the disc
flat ; area of metathorax not defined, merely microscopically
tessellate; tubercles and tegulee testaceous. Wings hyaline;

360 On the African and Asiatic Species of Melyris.

nervures and stigma brown; b.n. falling very far short of
t.-m.; first r.u. joiming first t.-c.; third discoidal cell
wholly confluent with second submarginal, i.e. the lower
side of second s.m. lacking. 'Tibiz and tarsi, and apices of
femora, orange-testaceous ; claws cleft, pulvillus large ;
abdomen practically impunctate, with very sparse hairs,
apical half with microscopical lineolation ; hind margins of
segments brownish. Anterior tarsi with thickened hairs,
curled at end.

Sandakan, Borneo (Baker, 9977).

‘Two specimens.

The genus Heterapis was based on two minute Australian
species. The present insect, from Borneo, differs from boti
by the combination of minute size with a broad subquadrate
head, but it is unquestionably congeneric. Perkins in 1912
added a third Australian species, also very distinct from that
now described.

XXXVIII.—Notes on the African and Asiatie Species of
Melyris, Hab. (sensu lato), with an Account of ther Sexual
Characters: Supplementary. By G.C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S.

AMONGST the eighty species of A/elyris enumerated in my
paper on these insects published in the October number of
this Magazine (pp. 157-219), five only were recorded as
having a modification of the intermediate or posterior tarsi in
the males. This portion of the tarsal structure of four of them
was figured: J. parallela on p. 204, M. quadricollis on p. 205,
M. klugi on p. 208, and M, bicalcarata on p. 209. Owing,
however, to an unfortunate mistake made in numbering the
drawings of the Abyssinian MM. parallela (No. 61) and
M. quadricollis (No. 62), the figures and descriptions of the
tarsi of these two insects have been transposed on pp. 204—
206, and the error was not detected when the proots were
finally corrected by me during an enforced absence from
home, and when the specimens were not at hand for checking
purposes.

Figure 3 (VW. parallela) shows the intermediate tarsus
of M. quadricollis, 8, and figure 4 (quadricollis) that of
M. parallela, 8; and the accompanying descriptions of the
tarsal structure of J. quadricollis refer to M. parallela, aud
those of M. parallela to M. quadricollis.

M. albicoma (No. 36) should have been placed amongst
the Somaliland forms, pp. 196-201.

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XXXIX.—On Barnacles of the Genus Megalasma from
Deep-sea Telegraph-Cables. By W. T. Catman, D.Sc.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

TE specimens here discussed form part of the collections
from telegraph-cables of which particulars were given in my
paper “On Barnacles of the Genus Scalpellum” *. Some
are from localities mentioned in the list of cable-ships given
in that paper, but there are also specimens from the vicinity
of Zanzibar (C./S. ‘Sherard Osborn’), the Java--Australia
and the Victoria—Tasmania cables (C./S. ‘ Recorder’), the
Tasman Sea (C./S. ‘ Patrol’), and the coast of Cuba (probably
from a cable).

The species are all referred to the genus Megalasma of
Hoek f, as re-defined by Pilsbry $. It is distinguished from
Pecilasma by “ the shape of the carina, which is enlarged at
the sides toward the base, with a concave plate inside.” This
inner plate, however, does not always terminate above in
‘““two stout teeth,” and the peduncle is sometimes far from
“very short”’ as in Pilsbry’s definition.

All except one of the species may further be included in

* Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. (9) i. p. 96 (1918).
+ Rep. ‘ Challenger’ Cirripedia, {gsa, p- 00,
t Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. Ix. 1907, p. 87,

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. iv. 27

Zé
v4

362 Dr. W. T. Calman on

Pilsbry’s subgenus Glyptelasma, the characters of which I
have already discussed *. It is distinguished from Mega-
lasma, s. str., by the fact that the basal margin of the scutum
forms a distinct angle with the chord of the occludent margin,
whereas in Megalasma the two are in line or nearly so.
In the species referred to Megalasma also the valves are
more strongly sculptured than they are in the species of the
subgenus Glyptelasma.

Annandale’s Puwcilasma (Glyptelasma) gigas is in some
respects the least typical species of the genus. The expanded
sides of the carina are Iess marked in external view than
in the other species, and Annandale was so far justified in
regarding it as forming a transition to the genus P@eilasma.

As I have already pointed out, there is great diversity as
regards the so-called “ filamentary appendages ”’ in the species
referred to Glyptelasma, and the specific differences to be
observed in the disposition of these appendages are in some
cases more striking than those exhibited by the valves of the
shell. In many species, however, these structures have not
yet been examined.

Genus MrcaLasma, Hoek,
Subgenus MEGALASMA, 8. str.

Megalasma (Megalasma) minus, Annandale.

Megalasma striatum, subsp. minus, Annandale, Ann. & Mag. Nat.
Hist. (7) xvii. 1906, p. 899; id. Hustr. Zool. ‘Investigator,’ Crust.
Entom. pl. i. fig. 8 (1907).

Pacilasma bellum, Pilsbry, Bull. Bur. Fisheries Washington, xxvi.
1907, p. 183, pl. iv. fig. 6.

Meygalasma minus and M, bellum, Pilsbry, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Philadelphia, lix. 1907, p. 409, figs.

Megalasma lineatum, Hoek, ‘Siboga’ Exp., Cirripedia Pedunculata,
1907, p. 3], pl. iv. figs. 1-8.

Megalasma minus, Race I. and Race LH. (1. bellum), Annandale, Mem.
Indian Mus. ii. 1969, p. 96.

Loeatity.—Lat. 6° 58’ &., long. 39° 16' K. (near Zanzibar),
270 fath. C./is. ‘Sheard Osborn.’ About 20 specimens.
Remarks.—The specimens are of relatively large size (up
to 14 mm. capitular length) ; the scutum is less than twice
as long as wide; the lateral border of the peduncular fora-
men, seen from the side, is straight; the proximal angle of

the mandible is very distinctly forked; the middle segments

* Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist, (9) i. p. 407 (1918).

>

Barnacles of the Genus Megalasma. 363

of the posterior cirri have four large pairs and one small pair
of anterior spines. In all these characters the specimens
agree with Pilsbry’s description of the form which he calls
M. bellum and which Annandale regards as a local race of
his Md. minus. On the other hand, the base of the carina in
our specimens, while varying somewhat in shape, is squarely
truncate, with the lateral angles more or less produced and
acute, and, although without a median tooth, agrees rather
better with Pilsbry’s figure of the carina of MJ. minus.
Further, a specimen of JM. minus received from the Indian
Museum in 1906, and presumably one of the syntypes, has
the scutum distinctly less than twice as long as broad, and
therefore disposes of the sole character which Annandale
retains as distinctive of the species or race.

Subgenus Giyprevasma, Pilsbry.

Key to the Spceies of the Subgenus Glyptelasma™*.

A. Carina projecting well below scutum, the
basal margins of the two valves meeting
at an angle as seen from the side.
a. Basal margin of carina, seen from the side,
as long as that of scutum ......... ... M. gracile (Hoek), with
[subsp. gracilius, Pilsbry.
b. Basal margin of carina, seen from the side,
shorter than that of scutum 7.
a. Carina transversely expanded at the
base. [No filamentary appendages.] . MM. gigas (Annandale).
b. Carina not transversely expanded at the

base.
a, Sides of carina widened-in lower
(1163 CR a ae Shee HA GRE o M. annandalei, Pilsbry.

B. Sides of carina widening evenly
throughout its length. [A pair of
sinall filamentary appendages on
dorsal surface of prosoma near its
Hines materia tenn aatete wy stentae: a= 5c M., pilsbry?, sp. 0.
B. Carina not projecting far below scutum, the
basal margins of the two valves in line or
forming an even curve as seen from the
side.
a. Occludent niargin of scutum nearly
straight, carina with narrow sides, trans-
versely expanded at base ........ 2... MM. rectum, Vilsbry.

* Based on the keys given by Pilsbry (Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. Lx. 1907,
p- 88, and Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1907, p. 415).

+ On this point Pilsbry’s description of MW. annandalet is at variance
with his key and with his figure of that species (Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. Lx. -
1907, pp. 83 & 90, pl. vil. fig. 15).

27%

364 Dr. W. T. Calman on

b. Occludent margin of scutum convex, sides
of carina widening below.
a. Basal width of capitulum little less
than one-third of its length.
a, Basal margin of carina, seen from the
side, shorter than that of secutum.. M. subcarinatum,
@. Basal margin of carina, seen from the [Pilsbry.
side, about as long as that of
scutum., [A pair of long filamen-
tary appendages placed far forward
on dorsal surface of prosoma, and a
pair of short ones close to base of
first .Cleri. |, Mas. 2 assy cela meee «seeles ort M. orientale, sp. n.
b. Basal width of capitulum not more than
one-fourth of its length.
a. Numerous filamentary appendages on

dorsal surface of prosoma ........ M. carinatum (Hoek).
8. A pair of uncinate processes on dorsal
Surface Of ProsOma is - seit M. hamatum, sp. n.

Megalasma (Glyptelasma) gigas (Annandale).

Pecilasma (Glyptelasma) gigas, Annandale, Journ. Straits Branch Roy.
Asiatic Soc. no. 74, 1916, p. 299, pl. iv. fig. 4, pl. v. figs. 10-14,
pl. vi. figs. 7, 8.

Localities.—Lat. 8° 46’ 8., long. 114° 44’ E., 400 fath.
2 specimens.

Lat. 11° 0’ S., long. 121° 0’ E., 500 fath. “About 15
“specimens. ah ee

Lat. 11° 0'S., long. 121° 30’ E., 500 fath. 8 specimens.

Lat. 11° 0'S., long. 122° 0’ E., 600 fath. 4 specimens.

All specimens taken by C./S. ‘ Patrol’ from Java—Australia
cables.

Measurements.—Largest specimen, length of capitulum
30 mm., breadth 15 mm., length of peduncle 36 mm. In
another specimen, length of capitulum 25 mm., of peduncle
43 mm.

Remarks.—The specimens agree in general with Annan-
dale’s description and figures, the most conspicuous difference
being that the peduncle is frequently longer—sometimes
much longer—than the capitulum. ‘The cuticle may be
much paler, sometimes nearly colourless. I can find no trace
of atooth at the basal occludent angle of the tergum on
either side. There is some variation in the depth of the sides
of the carina. The peduncle shows, more or less distinctly,
a longitudinal keel on the carinal side. There are no fila-
mentary appendages.

It seems probable that Annandale’s species is related to

Se

Barnacles of the Genus Megalasma. 365

M. rectum, Pilsbry, in which the “auriculate” structure of
the base of the carina suggests the beginning of such a
transverse expansion as is seen in this species.

Megalasma (Glyptelasma) pilsbryi, sp. n., holotype.

A. Lateral view, outlines of valves as seen after partial removal of cuticle.
B, Basal angle of scutum, inner surface. C, Carina, inner surface,

Megalasma (Glyptelasma) pilsbryi, sp. n.
(Text-figs. 1 and 2.)
Localities —Lat. 9° 15'8., long, 115° 10’ E., 800-1500
fath. I specimen. - |
Lat. 10° 45’ §., long. 120° 50’ E., 700 fath. 2 specimens
(including holotype).
Lat. 11° 0’ S., long. 121° 30’ H., 500 fath. 1 specimen.

366 Dr. W. T. Calman on
Ali specimens taken by C./S, ‘Patrol’? from Java—

Australia cables.

Description.— Capitulum covered with a thick opaque
cuticle, the surface of which has a very fine, short, velvety
pile, with stouter but still short sete interspersed. Valves
separated by distinct interspaces, that separating the scutum
from the upper part of the carina being especially wide. The
lines of growth are well-marked, regularly and rather widely
spaced; when the cuticle is removed, rather faint radial

Meyalasma (Glyptelasma) pilsbryt, sp. n.

Body, from:the side, showing dorsal filamentary appendages, first cirrus,
and caudal appendages.

striations are visible on the scutum. Seutwm with occludent
margin slightly convex, tergal margin straight, carinal margin
convex, passing in an even curve into the straight basal
margin, which forms a little less than a right angle with the
chord of the occludent margin. A submarginal ridge runs
from umbo to apex, but there is no definite ridge from umbo
to tergo-carinal angle; the basal margin is slightly everted
and thickened. On the inner surface is an umbonal tooth or

Barnacles of the Genus Megalasma, 367

tubercle on each valve. Tergum with apex slightly re-
curved ; occludent margin convex in its upper half ; angle of
oceludent and scutal margins slightly produced; a well-
marked groove from apex to scuto-carinal angle. Carina
with sides expanding evenly from above downwards, so that
the inner margin is regularly concave; basal margin ex-
tending well below base of scutum and at right angles with
it ; septum with concave margin, its lateral angles prominent
in side-view.

Pedunele about one-third of capitular length, coarsely
corrugated, with obscure carinal keel. . Attachment almost at
the margins of scuta and carina.

A single pair of rather short, slender, filamentary ap-
pendages on dorsum of prosoma near its posterior margin.
Rami of first cirrus with 9 and 10 segments respectively.
Caudal appendages less than one-fourth as long as peduncle
of sixth cirri.

Measurements.—Length of capitulum 25 mm., breadth
13 mm. ; length of peduncle 8 mm.

Remarks.—In some respects this species seems to approach
MM. annandalet, Pilsbry, from the North Atlantic. It differs
in having no sudden widening of the sides of the carina and
no excavation of the adjacent margin of the scutum, as well
as in the thick cuticle covering the valves and many other
details which forbid its identification with that species.

Megalasma (Glyptelasma) orientale, sp. n.
( Lext-figs. 3 and 4.)

Loealities.—Lat. 9° 15’ S., long. 115° 10’ E., 800-1500
fath. 5 specimens (including holotye).

Lat. 11° 0’ S., long. 122° 0' E., 6V0 tath. 1 specimen.

Specimens taken by C./S. ‘ Patrol’ from Java—Australia
cables.

Deseription.—Valves of shell resembling those of JZ. sub-
carinatum, Pilsbry. . Seutum with occludent margin convex,
carinal margin convex above, deeply excavated below, basal
margin everted, forming about a right angle with the chord
of the occludent margin. Submarginal ridge from umbo to
apex very close to the actual oceludent margin, which is
concealed when capitulum is viewed from,the side. On the
inner surface the ‘smooth basal area”’ has its upper edge
(which marks the line of attachment of the peduncle) much
less arched than in M/Z, subcarinatum, Tergum with carinal
margin inclined towards the occludent, apex acute. Carina

368 Dr. W. T. Calman on

with sides expanded in the lower part to four to five times
their depth in the upper part (as against about three times in
the figure of J, subcarinatum), transverse width of upper
part (in large specimens) about one-third of that of basal
margin; basal margin, as seen from the side, equal to or
slightly longer or shorter than that of scutum. Inner septum
with upper edge concave but not distinctly bilobed, not pro-
jecting when the detached carina is seen from the side.
Peduncle very short, its diameter much less than that of

Hienu:

Megalasma (Gilyptelasma) orventale, sp. u., holotype.

A. Lateral view. 5B. Basal angle of scutum, inner surface.
: C. Carina, inner surface.

the peduncular orifice, and attached some distance above the
basal margins of scuta and carina.

A pair of long tapering filamentary appendages are attached
side by side on the anterior part of the dorsal surface of the
prosoma. A short finger-like appendage is placed close to
the base of the first cirrus. Rami of first cirrus with 9 and
11 segments respectively. Caudal appendages very short
stumps, with a few apical sete.

Barnacles of the Genus Megalasma. 369
Measurements.—Length of capitulum 35 mm., breadth

18 mm.
Remarks.—In the characters of the valves this species does

Tig. 4.

Megalasma (Gilyptelasma) orientale, sp. n.

Body, from the side, showing filamentary appendages, first cirrus,
caudal appendages, and penis.

not differ very widely from MM. subcarinatum, but since the
latter is only known from the North Atlantic (“‘ East of New

370) Dr, We ale Gulgan on

Jersey”) and its filamentary appendages have not been
described, it seems advisable to record the Oriental form
under another name. The larger specimens exceed in size
any hitherto described in the genus.

Megalasma (Glyptelasma) carinatum (Hoek).

Megalasma (Glyptelasma) carinatum, Calman, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist.
(9) i. 1918, p. 401, figs. 1-3 (with references).

Locality,—Lat. 14° 54’ N., long. 23° 42' W. (Cape Verde
Islands), 990 fath. C./S. ‘ Britannia.’ 1 specimen.

Megalasma (Glyptelasma) hamatum, sp. n.
(Text-figs. 5, 6, and 7.)

Localities.—
Atlantic:

“Off coast of Cuba” (with specimens of MZ. earinatum).
2 specimens.

Lat. 14° 54’ N., long. 23° 42’ W. (Cape Verde Islands),
990 fath. (with specimens of J/. carinatum). C./S. Brit-
annia.” 1 specimen.

Indo-Pacific :

Lat. 6° 58’ S., long. 39° 16’ E. (near Zanzibar), about
270 fath. ©C./S. ‘Sherard Osborn’ 1 specimen.

Lat. 8° 46’ S., long. 114° 44’ E. (Java—Australia), 400
fath. @./S. ‘Recorder.’ 2 specimens.

Lat. 11° 8., long. 121° 30’ IK. (Java-Australia), 500 fath.
C./S. ‘ Patrol.” 2 specimens.

Lat. 11° 8., long. 122° K. (Java—Australia), 600 fath.
C./S. ‘ Patrol” 7 specimens.

“ Victoria—Tasmanian cables, north end.” (C./S. ‘Re-
corder.’ 2 specimens (including holotype).

Lat. 37° S., long. 165° E. (Tasman Sea), 800 fath. C./S.
‘Patrol.’ 1 specimen.

Description.—-Cuticle thin, only present near edges of
valves. Valves rather thin, lines of growth and radial stria-
tions not strongly marked; all valves in contact or nearly
so. Scutum with occludent margin convex, tergal margin
straight, carinal margin convex above, more or less deeply
concave or notched below, basal margin straight, forming a
right or an obtuse angle with the chord of the oecludent
margin; submarginal ridge from umbo to apex straight or
gently curved ; ridge from umbo to carino-tergal angle very

Barnacles of the Genus Megalasma. 371

obscure ; the basal margin is more or less everted, and there
is on the inner surface a small umbonal tooth on each valve;
area defined by line of attachment of peduncle very narrow.

Fig. 5.

Megalasma (Glyptelasma) hamatum, sp. n., holotype.

A. Lateral view. 3B. Basal angle of scutum, inner surface, C. Scutum
from occludent aspect, to show eversion of basal margin, D, Carina,
inner surface.

Tergum with straight margins except the occludent, which
may be gently curved, carinal margin one-third to one-half as
long as the occludent. Carina narrow, evenly curved, sides

372 Dr. W. T. Calman on

expanding in lower part, so that the margin is convex or even
bluntly angled, basal margin more or less everted, straight or
gently concave as seen from the side, in line or forming an
even curve with base of scutum ; septum notched in the
middle, lateral lobes more or less prominent in side-view.
Pedunele less than half as long as capitulum, with obscure
carinal keel; attached almost at margins of scuta and carina.
In place of filamentary appendages the dorsal surface of

Fig. 6.

Megalasma (Glyptelasma) hamatum, sp. n.

Body, from the side, showing dorsal hooks, filamentary appendage, and
Z caudal appendages.

the prosoma bears, about the middle of its length, a pair of
short hook-like processes, turned forwards, rather more firmly
chitinized than the surrounding integument ; a short distance
in front of these is a pair of low rounded swellings. Close to
the base of the first cirrus on each side is a small appendage
of varying length, sometimes reduced to a mere papilla, and
in one specimen apparently absent. Rami of first currus with

Barnacles of the Genus Megalasma. 373

from 9/11 to 10/12 segments. Caudal appendages very
short, not more than one-fifth as long as peduncle of sixth
cirri,

Megalasma (Glyptelasma) hamatum, sp. de Specimen from coast
of Cuba.

A. Lateral view. 3B. Basal angle of scutum, inner surface. C. Scutum
from occludent aspect, to show eversion of basal margin,

Measurements.—Length of capitulum (to middle of bas
margin) 24 mm., breadth 12°5 mm.
Remarks.—It is only after considerable hesitation that ali

374 Messrs. H. C. Robinson and C. Boden Kloss on

the specimens recorded above have been included under one
specific name. ‘They all agree in the possession of the
peculiar hook-like organs on the dorsal surface of the prosoma
—a character which differentiates them from all the other
species I have seen—but they differ greatly among themselves
in the characters of the capitular valves. As an example of
the variation in these characters, I figure a specimen from off
the coast of Cuba (text-fig. 7). It will be seen that it differs
from the holotype (from the Victoria-Tasmanian cables) in
the much narrower form of the capitulum, the relatively
shorter carina, and the scutum with the basal margin at
right angles to the chord of the occludent margin. Other
specimens, however, both from the Atlantic and from the
Indo-Pacific areas, are intermediate between the two forms,
and I am unable to point out any characters by which they
can be satisfactorily grouped.

XL.—On Five new Mammals from Java.
By Herpert C. Rosinson and C. Bopen Koss.

Pithecus pyrrhus sondaicus, subsp. n.

Type.—Adult male (skin and skull) collected at Tjibodas,
Preanger Regencies, West Java, 4500 ft., on 12th February,
1916, by H.C. Robinson. Federated Malay States Museums,
no. 164/16. Original number 7181.

Diagnosis.—Black throughout, only the back of the hind
limbs with a few white-tipped hairs. Size rather smaller
than the eastern typical race, P. pyrrhus (Horsf.) = 8. maurus

aucit.).
ee of the type, measured in the flesh.—Mead and
body 540 mm.; tail 740; hind toot 163 ; ear 30.

Granial measurements: greatest length 104°7 (110°1*) ;
basal length 77:0 (82-0); zygomatic breadth 78-1 (85°) ;
maxillary tooth-row, excluding incisors, 35°7 (38'4).

Specimens examined.—The type and one other adult male
from the same locality compared with eight adults from

Eastern Java.

* Measurements in parentheses are those of anadult male P. p. pyrrhus
: =e ; PEReRe eee ee
from Ongop-Ongop, Idjen Massif, near Banjoewang!, 5700 ft., Hast Java.
V.M.S.M. no, 585/16.

Five new Mammals from Java. 375

Remarks. —We have followed Thomas and Wroughton
(P. Z. 8. 1909, i. p. 372) in adopting the name pyrrhus,
Horsf., for both black and yellow forms of the monkey
usually known hitherto as Semnopithecus maurus, which
latter name is inapplicable as belonging to a West-African
mangabey. We cannot accept Elliot’s views in adopting
the earlier title auratus, Geoffr., 1812. Dr. Elliot makes
no statement as to the skull, but remarks that the tail has
black hairs intermingled with the golden-yellow ones, which
tends to show that the specimen is quite immature. It is,
moreover, without exact provenance. Neither Horsfield nor
any other author has designated any type-locality for pyrrhus,
and we therefore fix it as the province of Pasuruan, whence
Schlegel and Jentink have cited many specimens.

As regards the present form, Schlegel (Mus. Pays-Bas, xii.
p- 55, 1876) has already noted that the Hastern form is very
much greyer than auimals from the western parts of the island,
where adults are quite black.

Rattus sabanus mayapahit, subsp. n.

Type.—Adult female (skin and skull) collected at Tjibodas,
West Java, 5000 ft., on February 12th, 1916, by H. C.
Robinson. Federated Malay States Museums, no. 1/16.
Original no. 7178. *

Charaeters,—A rat of the sabanus-voerferans group, but
differing from all described Malayan forms in having the tail
not bicoloured.

Colour.—Pelage of the type usual in the group, but on the
whole rather less wiry. Ochraceous-tawny element rather
paler and less prominent, median area of back rather dark.
Under surface white, faintly tinged with cream, sharply
defined from the sides. Feet separated from the limbs by a
ring of mouse-grey. Brown median streak on the hands not
reaching the terminal digits, which are pure white. The
same area on the feet less defined than in other members of
the group. ‘Tail coarsely ringed and thinly clad with hairs
dark at the base, but becoming rather paler towards the tip.
Kars elongate, extremely thinly clad with very short hairs,
practically naked.

Skull,—Massive, as in the group generally; nasals tapering,
somewhat spatulate at the tips, tooth-rows slightly divergent,
mesopterygoid space elongate, bulb-shaped, not parallel-sided.
Palatal foramina rather short, bulla small, rather more flat-

376 Messrs. H. GC. Robinson and C. Boden Kloss on

tened than in either R. s. sabanus or R. s. vociferans. Inter-
parietal semielliptic, the length one-half the breadth.

Measurements.—Head and body (taken in the flesh) 251
(242*) mm.; tail 335 (358) ; hind foot 50 (49) ; ear 28 (30).

Cranial measurements: greatest length 55:0 (56°3) ; con-
dylo-basilar length 48-0 (49-0) ; palatilar length 24°8 (25:0) ;
diastema 15:0 (14°6) ; palatal foramina length 8-0 (8:1) ;
greatest length of nasals 21:3 (21°6) ; zygomatic breadth 24°9
(25°6) ; length of upper molar row 9-4 (10:2).

Specimens examined.—Four ; the type, an adult male from
Sodong Jerok, Idjen Massif, near Banjoewangi, I. Java, and
an immature male and female from the same locality.

Remarks.—The entirely uniform tail in the adult will at
once separate this species from all other members of the
group, apart from the characters of the median streak on the
hands and feet, which may possibly not be constant. Other-
wise there are no very special differences. In other localities
as well as in Java rats of the group are not usually found
above about 4000 ft., being replaced in the Malay Peninsula
and in Sumatra by the c2liatus section, which, however, so
far as is at present known appears to have no representative
in Java or in Borneo.

In Borneo and the Malay Peninsula rats of this group are
at their brightest. In outlying parts of their range (PR. s.
herberti from Central Siam and #. s. Aster? from Sikkim)
they become duller as in the present form and 2. s. ululans
of Sumatra.

Rattus bukit treubi7, subsp. n.

Tupe.—Adult male (skin and skull) collected at Tyibodas,
Mt. Gedeh, Western Java, 5000 ft., on 23rd February, 1916,
by H.C. Robinson. Original no. 7271.

Diagnosis—Allied to R. bukit (Bonh.) from the Malay
Peninsula and 2. fraternus (Robinson & Kloss) + from
Sumatra, but less spiny than the latter, tail rather shorter ;
always lacking the ochraceous patch on the chest, which is
always present in Sumatran animals. General size decidedly
smaller.

Skull and teeth.—Similar to R. bukit, except in size.

Dimensions. —Measurements of the type taken in the flesh :
head and body 144 mm.; tail 187; hind foot 29; ear 20°5.

* Measurements in parentheses are those of the adult male, F.M.S.M.
869/16, from Eastern Java.

+ Journ. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. no. 78, p. 273 (1916) ; Journ.
F.M.S. Museums, viii. pt. 2, p. 47 (1918).

Five new Mammals from Java. 377

Cranial measurements: total length 35°3 ; condylo-basilar
length 29:9 ; diastema 9°0; upper molar row 6°0; length of
palatal foramina 671 ; median length of nasals 13°3 ; breadth
of nasals 4*2 ; zygomatic breadth 16:0.

Specimens examined.— Twenty-four adult and many imma-
ture specimens all from the vicinity of the type-locality.

Remarks.— Vhis species, which is the lowest-ranging of the
forest-rats of the group on the Gedeh Volcano, is very
uniform in coloration and degree of spininess, therein differing
from F. fraternus, which is variable in both respects. From
R. bukit of the Malay Peninsula it differs in its brighter,
less clayey colouring, less stiff spines, and finer annulation
of the tal. From 2. orbus of the northern parts of the
Malay Peninsula in its smaller size, relatively shorter tail,
aud lack of pectoral markings.

Rattus cremoriventer cretaceiventer, subsp. n.

Type.—Adult male (skin and skull) collected at Tjibodas,
West Java, 4500 ft., on February 22nd, 1916, by H.C.
Robinson. Federated Malay States Museums, no. 256/16.
Original number 7263.

Characters.—A rat of the group represented in the Malay
Peninsula by 2. cremortventer (Miller) and in Borneo by
R. kina and R. rupit (Bonhote), but pelage longer and less
spiny, colour duller, and with the belly almost chalk-white
with only a faint tinge of cream. ‘Teeth decidedly heavier
and interparietal foramina narrower. Bulle larger and
broader.

Colour ete.—Pelage of the type usual in rats of the group,
composed of three elements, viz., long black piles with pale
tips or subterminal bands ; broad, flattened, grooved spines,
greyish green in colour, with dark tips and a woolly underfur,
grey at the base, with ochraceous-bulf tips. General colour-
effect above a mixture of buff, drab, and black, the latter
more evident on the median line, the sides more rutous buff.
Head and sides of the face more brownish, the muzzle pale
chocolate-brown, hands and fect silvery whitish, with narrow
brown median streak, the hairs very short. Below white,
sharply separated from the colour of the sides, the hairs white
to the base, longer and less spiny than in tue allied races,
Tail brownish, coarsely ringed (about nine to the centimetre
at the base), well clad with fine dark brown hairs increasing
in length towards the tip, which is distinctly peneillate. An
indication of a rutous-buff collar, which’is interrupted in the
middle.

Skull.—The cranial portion relatively shorter and broader

Ann. & Mag. N.-Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. iv. 28

378 On Five new Mammals from Java.

than in R. c. cremoriventer, with the parietal ridges less
sharply deflected. Orbital constriction more maiked and the
infraorbital plate narrower ; zygomatic arches decidedly more
slender ; nasals as in J. ¢. cremoriventer, terminating in a
point posteriorly. Beneath, with the palatal foramina nar-
rower, the interpterygoid space almost parallel-sided, not
pear-shaped anteriorly; bulle decidedly larger and more
globose in an antero-posterior direction. Teeth decidedly
Jarger, the posterior molar much larger,

Measurements.—Head and body (taken in the flesh) 137mm.;
tail 196; hind foot 29; ear 19.

Skull: greatest length 86°2 ; condylo-basilar length 30°8 ;
diastema 9°1; zygomatic breadth 16°2 ; length of nasals 12°9 ;
upper molar row 6°3.

Mycteromys crociduroides vulcant, subsp. n.

Type.—Adult female (skin and skull) collected at Kandang
Badak, Mt. Gedeh, Western Java, 7900 ft.,:on 5th March,
1916, by H. C. Robinson, Federated Malay States Museums,
no. 897/16. Original no. 7381.

Diagnosis — Warmer in colour above than the type-species
of the genus, Mycteromys crociduroides (Robinson & Kloss*),
tail equal to the head and body in length. ars large,
rounded, almost naked. Pelage dense, close, and very soft.

Colour.—Above a very fine grizzle of hazel and black, the
base of the fur slaty grey ; hands and feet seal-brown ; tail
uniform black. Beneath greyish, strongly washed with
ochraceous buff, more markedly so in the median line.

Skull.—As in the typical species, but the rostrum decidedly
heavier aud relatively shorter ; teeth smaller.

Dimensions. —Head and body 95 mm.; tail 95; hind
foot 24; ear 18.

Cranial measurements: greatest length 25°3; condylo-
basilar length 23:0; diastema 7°8; upper molar row 38°7 ;
length of palatal foramina 5°0; median nasal length 9°5;
breadth of combined nasals 2°5; zygomatic breadth 12°6.

Specimens evxamined.—'l'wo, the ty peand atwo-thirds-grown
female from the same locality.

This species differs at a glance from the large series of the
genotype obtained at Korinchi, Sumatra, in its much warmer
colour, shorter tail, dark hands and feet, and heavier rostrum.
Cut of several hundred rats trapped in the locality these
were the only specimens obtained, so that it is in all proba-
bility a rare form.

* Journ. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat.Soc. no. 73, p. 271 (1916); Journ.
F.M.S. Mus. viii. pt. 2, p. 57 (1918).

Notes on Ruteline Coleoptera. 379

XLI.—Notes on Ruteline Coleeptera and Descriptions of
a few new Species in the British Museum. By Gi.LBert
J. Arrow, F.Z.S., F.E.S.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)
[Plate VIII.]

Tue wonderful silvery insect Plusiotis melior, Roths. & Jord.,
proves on close examination to be the normal phase of the
previously-named P. optima, Bates, the unique type of which
is a beautiful fiery crimson. The non-acute apex of the
pygidium, in which the describers of P. melior believed a
structural difference to be found, is a characteristic of the
female of the species. Exactly similar red phases occur in
other beetles in which the same silvery and golden colouring
prevails normally—for example, the Australian Anoplo-
gnathus parvulus and aureus. The metallic lustre is also
liable to disappear in patches, as though by abrasion, leaving
a red-brown surface, aud the type of Anoplognathus concinnus,
Blackb., is an abnormal specimen of A. aureus, Wat., in
which the golden colour is entirely absent from the greater
part of the surface, lingering only upon the back of the
head, the hinder part of the elytra, and the middle of thie
sternum.

Whether these abnormalities are due to accident of some
kind or merely to immaturity it is not possible to say. A
metallic-red colour seems to be very exceptional as a normal
condition in beetles, although individual specimens so
coloured commonly occur amongst species typically of some
shade of metallic green—for example, in the common Rose-
chafer (Cetonia aurata) a red variety is occasionally found.
In non-metallic green beetles a corresponding red variety
also occurs exceptionally. In one or two instances in which
a metallic-red colour is normal (e. g., Poropleura bacca) it
was found by the late C. O. Waterhouse that prolonged
exposure to light in the British Museum galleries had
changed the colour to a bright metallic green, so that it
seems possible that the occasionally-found red specimens
may be individuals which have not attained their mature
colouring. On the other hand, I have described one re-
markable insect (Anomala imperialis) of which the female is
metallic green and the male a deep crimson.

The following is another species, hitherto undescribed, of
a beautiful golden colour :—

28*

380 Mr. G. J. Arrow on Ruteline Coleoptera

Plusiotis magnificus, sp.n. (Pl. VIII. fig. 1.)

Splendide viridi-aureus, clypeo, prothoracis lateribus pygidioque
rufo-cupreis, pedibus corporeque subtus fusco-rufis; elongato-
ovatus, nitidus, metasterno (medio excepto) longe et sat dense
abdominisque lateribus parce fulvo-pubescentibus ; capite minute
punctato, clypeo parabolico, margine parum reflexo, integro ;
pronoto sat brevi, crebre et minute, lateribus densius, punctato,
marginibus lateralibus arcuatis, angulis omnibus acutis ; scutello
subtiliter punctato ; elytris grosse inequaliter punctatis, linea
juxta suturali; pygidio dense transversim ruguloso; processu
mesosternali acuto, sat valido, metasterno dense ruguloso et
longe hirsuto, medio levi, nitido,

Long. 31 mm.; lat. max. 16 mm.

Panama: Chiriqui.

A single male specimen was contained in the collection
bequeathed by the late Alexander Fry to the British
Museum. It appears to be most nearly related to Plusiotis
aurigans, Roths. & Jord., but is entirely shining above, with-
out opaque clypeus, pygidium, or prothoracic borders. The
mandibles are uniformly rounded externally and not deeply
sinuated as in P. aurigans.

The colour is a pale greenish gold above, with the clypeus,
forehead, sides of the pronotum, and the pygidium coppery
red, and the legs and lower surface dark pinkish brown. ‘The
head and pronotum are rather finely but unevenly punctured
and rather rugosely at the sides, the elytra coarsely and
irrogularly pitted, and the pygidium finely and closely trans-
versely rugulose.

Although, as already stated, Anoplognathus concinnus,
Blackb., is not a distinct species, A. brevicollis, Blackb.,
treated in Ohaus’s recent Catalogue (which is very incom-
plete) as a synonym of A. nebulosus, Macl., is quite distinct.
‘Lhe elytra do not taper at the extremities, but are furnished
with sharp spines at the angles, and the clypeus of the male
is longer, broader in front, and almost straight at the sides,
where it is not distinctly reflexed.

The following are undescribed species of this genus in the -
Museum collection :—

Alnoplognathus pallidus, sp.n. (Pl. VIII. figs. 4 & 5.)

Testaceus, levissime metallescens, scutello elytrisque pallide flavis,
marginibus omnibus (pronoti et elytrorum lateribus exceptis)

tn the British Museum. 381

corpore subtus tarsisque brunneis ; ovatus, parum convexus,
nitidus, pronoto subtilissime punctato, lateribus coriaeeis, angulis
anticis acutis, posticis fere rectis, basi medio emarginato ; scutello
fere impunctato ; elytris sat crebre et equaliter punctatis, punctis
nonnullis seriatis, apicibus paulo productis et divergentibus;
pygidio rugoso, undique griseo-hirto ; processu mesosternali
longo, acuminato :

6, clypeo crebre punctato, subquadrato, margine antico leviter
dilatata, reflexa, medio leviter incisa, pygidio detecto, obliquo,
tiblis anticis obsolete tridentatis:

2, clypeo rugoso, parum brevi, arcuato, elytris extus ante medium
leviter dilatatis, apicibus magis productis, pygidium tegentibus,
tiblis anticis acute tridentatis.

Long. 26-29 mm.; lat. max. 15-17 mm.

NortHern Territory or Austratia: Macdonnell Range,
Hermannsburg (H. J. Hillier).

Although considerably larger and without sharply pointed
elytra, there is a distinct similarity m colour, sculpture, and
general form between this species and A. acuminatus, Ohaus.
It is dark purplish brown beneath and very pale above,
especially upon the elytra, with an extremely faint bluish
metallic lustre, which upon the latter changes to golden
green, The extremities of the elytra are produced and
minutely serrated, but rounded instead of acuminate at the
tips.

The clypeus of the male is longer and broader than that
of A. acuminatus, with the front margin minutely notched in
the middle and less strongly reflexed. That of the female
is of the usual rounded shape, but not very broad.

One male and three females were sent at different dates
by Mr. Hillier.

Anoplognathus aurora, sp.n. (PI. VIII. fig. 6.)

Aureo-flavus, refulgens, corpore subtus, pygidio tarsisque zeneo-
viridibus, elytris, femoribus tibiisque roseo-metallicis ; elongatus,
parum convexus, corporis subtus lateribus sat longe ac dense
griseo-pubescentibus, processu mesosternali longo et acuto ; pro-
thoracis disco minute punctato, lateribus subtiliter rugosis,
angulis anticis acutis, posticis paulo obtusis, basi medio emar-
ginato; scutello fere impunctato; elytris sat crebre et ezqualiter
punctatis, punctis nonnullis seriatis, apicibus productis, separatim
rotundatis, minute serratis ; pygidio rugoso, fere nudo:

3, clypeo subquadrato, margine antico paulo dilatato, arcuato,
reflexo.

Long. 28-30 mm. ; lat. max. 14-15 mm.

382 Mr. G. J. Arrow on Ruteline Coleoptera

—~ N.W. Avsrratia: Tambrey (W. H. Cusack).

I have seen only three males of this species. It resembles
the preceding species, but is more brillantly coloured, more
clongate in shape, with the elytra of the male (the female 1s
unknown) more produced at the extremities, and the
pygidium naked except for a few scattered minute sete.

The lower surface of the body, the pygidium and tarsi, are
deep coppery green, the femora and tibice are metallic
crimson and the upper surface orange, with a beautiful
golden lustre, showing greenish reflections, replaced upon the
elytra by a delicate pink tinge. With the exception of the
outer edges of the pronotum and elytra, all the margins are
uarrowly outlined with greenish black. It is an unusually
elongate species, with a long acute mesosternal process, and
the produced apices of the elytra are minutely serrated.
The sculpture of the upper surface is almost as in 4. pailidus.

Anoploynathus antiquus, sp.n. (Pl. VIII. figs. 2 & 3.)

Obscure brunneus, fronte, pronoto, scutello elytrisque fulvis, clypeo
rufo, nigro-marginato, frontis medio nigro-vittato, pronoto
scutelloque anguste nigro-marginatis, illo ante medium nigro-
bipunctato ; ovalis, convexus, parum nitidus, undique griseo-
setosus, processu. mesosternali brevi, obtuso; clypeo crebre
rugoso, fronte grosse punctato, medio longitudinaliter carinato,
vertice minus crebre punctato ; pronoto fortiter punctato, lateri-
bus densius, medio leviter sulcato, marginibus bene arcuatis,
angulis anticis fere acutis, posticis obtusis, basi leviter trisinuato,
inedio haud emarginato; scutello bene punctato; elytris grosse
ae rugose punctatis, haud productis, angulis suturalbus haud
rotundatis ; pygidio crebre rugoso :

3, clypeo producto, antrorsum leviter angustato, margine antico
paulo dilatato, arcuato, reflexo.

Long. 22-24 mm.; lat. max. 13 mm.

Npw Sour Wares: Richmond River.

This is a rather isolated species, with a superficial resem-
blance to A. velutinus, Boisd., but no close relationship to
any known species. Its very short blunt mesosternal pro-
cess ranges it with the flavipennis group, with which it has
no other special point of resemblance. The brownish-
yellow colour of the upper surface, together with the
clothing of white sete and the coarse irregular sculpture,
produce an appearance more like that of A. velutimus than
any other, although the broadly produced clypeus of the
male rendexs the resemblance less in that sex. ‘The pair of

in the British Museum. 383

black spots on the anterior part of the pronotum, about
equidistant from each other and the lateral margins, and
the longitudinal black mark between the eyes, are features
quite peculiar to the species. There is an exceedingly
feeble greenish sheen upon the dark parts of the body, but
this is hardly perceptible upon the upper surface.

Fruhstorferia curta, sp.n, (Pl. VIII. figs, 8 & 9.)

Pallide flava, mandibulis, antennis, vertice, tarsis elytrorumque
vittulis marginalibus rufo-brunneis, capite, pronoto, elytrorum
extremitatibus pygidioque subtiliter setosis, pectore longe et
dense flavo-hirto; late ovata, convexa, capite opaco, parce punc-
tato, ante oculos late dilatato, pronoto lato, minute haud ecrebre
punctato, lateribus fortiter arcuatis, angulis anticis acutis,
posticis rotundatis, basi trisinuato; scutello sat crebre punctato ;
elytris irregulariter sat minute, prope suturam crebrius et fortius
punctatis :

. 6, clypeo truncato, haud reflexo, mandibulis productis, recurvatis,
acuminatis, margine externo dentato, pronoto fortiter dilatato et
convexo, toto opaco, elytris opacis, regione suturali paulo nitido:

@, clypeo majori, recurvato, bilobato, pronoto minus convexo,
elytrorum lateribus opacis, marginibus externis ante medium
paulo incrassatis.

Long. (mandibulis exceptis) 15-16°5 mm.; lat. max, 9-9°5 mm.;
¢ , mandibule long. max. 3 mm.

Inpo-Curna: Upper Mekong R., Pou Mi. (Nov., Dec.).

Examples of both sexes of this curious insect were found
by M. R. Vitalis de Salvaza. It is as distinctive in its
aspect as any species yet known of this remarkable genus, of
which every species seems to differ entirely both in shape
and coloration from all the rest, It is the smallest species
hitherto described and is peculiar also for its pale yellow
colour, relieved only by inconspicuous brown markings, its
very broad and compact outline, and the dull, unreflecting
upper surface of the male.

The colour is a pale lemon-yellow, with the antenne,
tarsi, organs of the mouth, vertex of the head, apical margins
of the elytra, two or three longitudinal marks near each
shoulder, sometimes a small spot on each near the apex of
the scutellum, and another at the base between the latter
and the shoulder of a reddish-brown colour. The abdomen
of the male is also of this colour.

The body is very short and stout, with the head very
broad in front of the eyes, the prothorax broader than the
elytra at the shoulders, the hind angles rounded and the base

384 Notes on Ruteline Coleoptera.

distinctly lobed before the scutellum, The puncturation of
the pronotum is fine and scattered, that of the scutellum
stronger and closer, while the elytra are rather strongly and
closely punctured in the sutural region and more finely and
sparingly elsewhere. The legs are short and not very stout,
and the prosternum is not at all elevated behind the front
COX.

The male is relatively broader than the female, with the
upper surface Opaque, except upon the scutellum and the
sutural region of the elytra. The mandibles are produced,
curved upwards, and toothed at the outer edge, as’ in
Fruhstorferia yunnana, Ohaus, and the clypeus is long,
narrow, convex, and truncate. Toe prouotum is highly con-
vex and strongly dilated in the middle.

The female is more oval in shape and feebly shining
above, with the clypeus tapering, bilobed, and recurved at
the end, the pronotum less broad and convex, the elytra a
little longer, and their outer margins slightly dilated aud .
thickened before the middie.

For the sake of comparison I have photographed males of
Fruhstorferia birmanica (Pl. VILL. fig. 7) and F. yunnana
(Pl. VILLI. fig. 10) side by side with the new species.

Nannopopillia varicolor, sp. n.

Nigro-enea, elytris flavis, margine toto anguste vittaque mediana
ab callo humerali fere ad apicem pertinenti, medio intus dilatata,
nigris, pedibus nigris vel flavis, vel vitta medio interrupta, vel
vitta castanea, vel elytris toto nigris; ovata, convexa, sat longe
et dense albido-vestita, clypeo, elytris, ineaque mediana ventrali
angusta nudis, clypeo angustato, valde recurvato, transversim
ruguloso, antice arcuato, fronte rugose punctato, longitudinaliter
excavato ; pronoto grosse et crebre punctato, postice linea angus-
tissima mediana levi, angulis anticis acutis, posticis valde
obtusis ; scutello parce punctato; elytris fortiter punctato-
sulcatis, intervallis convexis, secundo fere ad extremitatem
irregulariter punctato; pygidio rugoso, processu. mesosternali
valido, fortiter compresso, obtuso; pedum anticorum ungue
majori fisso, aliis integris.

Long. 9-11 mm.; lat. max. 5-6 mm.

Brit. E. Arrica: 8. Kavirondo (4500 ft.), Kisii District,

N. Kavirondo, Mt. Elgon, etc.

Ucanpa: Mbale-Kumi Road, South of L. Salisbury
(3700 ft.).

Dr. S. A. Neave found this insect in very great abundance,

On Indo- Chines» Hymenoptera. 385

often in company with Gnatholabis hirsuta, Ohaus, to which,
in its general aspect and coloration, it bears a marked
resemblance. It is remarkable, to an even greater degree
than that species, for the extreme variability of its elytral
coloration, Typically yellow, with a longitudinal black
stripe on each elytron, dilating near the middle, the stripe
is sometimes scarcely traceable, sometimes red instead of
black, and sometimes interrupted in the middle. Occasion-
ally the elytra are entirely black, whilst in pale and dark
forms tbe legs may be either yellow or black. The pro-
notum and pygidium, as well as the lower surface, with the
exception of a bare median line, are densely clothed with
pale yellow hair, sometimes more or less rubbed away from
pronotum and pygidium. The clypeus is more elongate
than in the other species of the genus, the punctures of the
pronotum do not coalesce transversely as in N. ludificans,
the hind angles are rounded off, and the mesosternal process
is strongly developed but not long.

XLIT.—On Indo-Chinese Hymenoptera collected by R. Vitalis
de Salvaza.—ill. By Rowtann E. Turner, F.Z8.,
F.E.S.

Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA.

Family Evaniide.

Pristaulacus (Tetraulacinus) tonkinensis, sp. n.

@. Nigra; antennis, articulis duobus apicalibus infuscatis, pedi-
busque flavo-testaceis; coxis posticis intermediisque nigris ;
abdomine nigro, segmento primo apice late, secundoque dimidio
basali rufo-ferrugineis; alis flavo-hyalinis, stigmate venisque
fuscis; macula quadrata sub stigmate fusca.

Long. 15 mm.; terebrw long. 23 mm,

?. Head shining, very finely punctured ; posterior ocelli
about equidistant from the eyes and from each other, and
more than twice as far from the hind margin of the head
as from each other. Antenne scarcely longer than the
abdomen, the first joint of the flagellum scarcely half as
long again as broad, the second twice as long as the first,
the third distinetly longer than the first and second com-
bined. Neck short, only a little more than half as long as

386 Mr. R. E. Turner on

the distance between the tegule and the anterior margin of
the mesonotum; pronotum unarmed. Mesonotum coarsely
transversely striated, with a subtriangular depression in the
middle of the anterior margin, beyond the apex of the
depression ‘a shallow and very narrow impressed line runs
almost to the apex of the median lobe. Pleurz coarsely
and irregularly reticulate; scutellum and _ postscuteilum
transversely striated ; median segment coarsely reticulate.
First abdominal segment slender, nearly as long as the
remainder of the abdomen, the apical half gradually, but
very slightly, broadened and compressed laterally; the
remaining segments distinctly compressed laterally and pale
luteous brown at the apex. Intermediate and hind coxe
transversely striated ; hind metatarsus nearly half as long
again as the four following joints combined. ‘Third trans-
verse cubital nervure only fully defined at each end, the
median portion indicated by a white scar ; second transverse
cubital nervure almost obsolete, only indicated by a short
scar at the cubital end. Nervulus interstitial ; lower
abscissa of the basal nervure shorter than the upper, the
basal nervure separated from the base of the stigma by a
distance fully equal to its own length. First recurrent
nervure received shortly before the apex of the first cubital
cell.

Hab. Chapa, Tonkin; June (R. Vitalis de Salvaza).

This is allied to rufobalteatus, Cam., but differs in the
much longer terebra, in the shorter apical joints of the hind
tarsi, in the stouter and differently coloured antenne, and
in the yellower colour of the wings. I do not think that
Kieffer’s genus Tetraulacinus can be kept separate from
Pristaulacus, the second transverse cubital nervure, on the
presence of which it is founded, being almost obsolete.

Pristaulacus flavipennis, Cam.

Aulacus flavipennis, Cam. Proc, Manchester Lit. & Phil. Soc. xxvi.
p. 134 (1888).

Aulacus magnificus, Schlett. Ann. Naturh. Hofmus. Wien, iv. p, 509
(1889). 96.

Hab. Ceylon.
Dalla Torre suggests that congener, Westw., may apply to

this species, but I have previously shown that congener is a
synonym of da¢eritius, Shuck.

Indo- Chinese Hymenoptera. 387

Evania kuchingensis, Cam.
Evania kuchingensis, Cam. Entomologist, xli. p. 237 (1908). ¢.

Hab. Hoabinh, Tonkin ; October 5, 1917. 3 ¢¢.
Originally described from Borneo. Also occurs in Hong
Kong.

Family Braconide.

Subfamily Hereonrs.

Brulleia euphemia, sp. u.

2. Rufo-testacea; mandibulis apice, terebra valvulisque nigris;
antennis 42-articulatis, nigris, articulis duobus basalibus rufo-
testaceis, articulis 10-18 flavo-testaceis; «lis flavis, tertio
apicali leviter infuscatis, stigmate venisque fuscis, venis basi
ruto-testaceis. .

Long. 20 mm.; terebre long. 31 mm.; antennarum long. 14 mm.

?. Mandibles stout, bidentate at the apex; clypeus
finely punctured, short, transverse. Face much broader
than long, rug: se ; front finely rugulose, short, concave but
not deeply excavated; vertex -finely punctured. Cheeks
nearly haf as long as the eyes; head brceader than the
thorax. Mesonotum finely punctured ; notauli deep and
erenulate ; the posterior half of the mesonotum broadly
depressed in the middle, the depressed portion with a median
longitudinal carina and with coarse transverse strie; scu-
tellum finely punctured. Median segment nearly twice as
broad as long, very coarsely rugose, becoming more or less
reticulate towards the apex, the sides of tl.e segment very
coarsely reticulate. First tergite about three times as long
as its apical breadth, slender, rugose; second tergite as
long as broad, strongly but rather sparsely punctured, the
remaining segments very finely punctured. Hypopygium
not nearly reaching the apex of the abdomen; valvulz thinly
clothed with very short hairs. Hind metatarsus longer
than the four apical tarsal jomts combined, calcaria short,
but stout. Second abscissa of the radius a little longer than
the first, recurrent nervure received near the base of the
second cubital cell, nervulus slightly postfurcal, discoidal
cell sessile.

Hab. Tonkin ; May, 1917.

Somewhat allied to B. chinensis, Turn., from N. China,
but quite distinct.

388 Mr. R. E. Turner on

Gymnoscelus rugidorsalis, sp. 0.

9. Nigra; antennis 32-articulatis, articulis 11-14 albidis; palpis
pedibusque ferrugineis; femoribus posticis supra, tibiisque
posticis apice nigro-suffusis; tarsis posticis articulis duobus
basalibus albidis; alis hyalinis, iridescentibus, venis nigris.

Long. 8 mm.; terebrve long. 5 mm.

2. Face rugulose with a few strong longitudinal striz ;
mandibles stout, bidentate at the apex, the inner tooth the
longest; cheeks a little longer than the scape, strongly
punctured. Third and fourth joints of the antenna sub-
equal. Front concave in the middle and smooth, the
concave area reaching to the anterior ocellus and bounded
laterally by carine, a low longitudinal carina between the
antenn ; between the’ concave area and the eyes the front
is finely rugulose. Vertex smooth and shining, head slightly
narrowed behind the eyes, posterior ocelli half as far again
from the eyes as from each other, nearer to the hind margin
of the head than to the eyes. Lateral lobes of the meso-
notum and the median lobe in front finely and closely
punctured, from before the middle to the hind margin
extends a broad and very coarsely reticulated area ; notauli
developed in front, but disappearing in the reticulated
space. Pleurz more or less coarsely reticulate. Basal
half of the scutellum occupied by a deep depression, in
which are several longitudinal carine, the apical half
punctured. Median segment coarsely reticulate, with two
longitudinal carinze which do not reach the base, but are
joined by a curved carina near the base. Abdomen sessile,
first tergite nearly as long as the rest of the abdomen, nearly
twice as long as its apical breadth, coarsely rugose-reticulate,
the median area divided from the lateral areas by a well-
marked carina on each side; the remaining tergites broader
than long, smooth and shining. Hind cox and femora
rather sparsely punctured, the femora without a spine.
Secoud abscissa of the radius a little longer than the first,
second cubital cell more than twice as long on the cubitus
as on the radius; nervulus postfurcal. Anal cell of fore
wing with two transverse nervures, the second indistinct and
obsolescent.

Hab. Chapa, Tonkin; June 4, 1916.

In the condition of the second transverse nervure of the
anal cell this forms a link between typical Gymnoscelus and
Cameron’s genus Edyia, which I think must sink as a
synonym.

Indo- Chinese Hymenoptera. 389

Family Ichneumonidae.

Subfamily Pruzprry.x.
Cyanoworides erythrothorax, sp. n.

3. Nigro-creruleus; mandibulis apice, facie linea, mediana, tibiis
posticis, prope basin late albo-annulatis, tarsisque posticis
nigris ; tegulis pedibusque anticis intermediisque flavo-testaceis ;
thorace rufo-ferrugineo; mandibulis basi ferrugineis; facie
utrinque late, macula orbitali utrinque supra antennas, orbitis
externis; tergitis 8~5 macula angustissima transversa apicali,
sexto septimoque linea longitudinali mediana albidis; alis
hyalinis, leviter flavo-suffusis, venis fusco-testaceis.

Long. 14 mm,

&@. Very slender. Antenne as long as the whole insect,
33-jointed, third joimt short, only halt as long as the fourth;
the whole flagellum clothed with upright hairs, the apical
jeints not bent at an angle to the rest as is the case in the
females of the genus. Clypeus very short; face closely
punctured ; front and vertex shining, with small scattered
punctures, an acute tubercle between the antenne. Pro-
notum depressed, deeply arched posteriorly, the angles acute,
but not produced into spines. Mesouotum finely and
closely punctured on the lateral lobes and on the anterior
portion of the median lobe ; the posterior portion of the
median lobe reaching broadly to the scutellum and coarsely
reticulate, with five distinct longitudinal carine ; pleurze
closely punctured. Scuiellum finely punctured, with a
transverse smooth groove at the base, which is divided by
a carina. Median segment greenish; the areola not
divided from the petiolar area; no basal area ; the external
area well defined ; the petiolar area transversely striated,
the remainder of the segment more or less closely punctured ;
spiracles elliptical. Abdomen very slender; first tergite
twice as long as the second, whitish at the extreme base,
coarsely punctured-rugulose, extending beyond the apex of
the trochanters. Second tergite twice as long as broad,
coarsely punctured ; the basal angles separated by a groove
aud forming small elongate-triangular spaces ; the middle
of the segment formed into a trapezoidal area bounded by
deep grooves; third tergite longer than broad, the sculpture
similar to that of the second tergite, fourth and fifth tergites
subquadrate, more finely punctured, the median area convex,
somewhat compressed laterally, making the segment sub-
carinate longitudinally in the middle ; the two apical tergites

390 Mr. R. E. Turner on

with a strong longitudinal carina, the depressed lateral
spaces smooth and shining. Nervulus prefurcal ; second
recurrent nervure very feebly curved, received just beyond
the transverse cubital nervure, nervellus intercepted a little
below the middle.

Hab. Luang Prabang; May 15,1915. 1 @.

The sharp bend near the apex of the antenne in this genus
seems to be a sexual character, not found in the males.
The genus does not seem to be separated from AXylonomus by
any other good character. ;

Cyanoxorides vitalisi, sp. n.

@. Nigro- cerulea ; antennis 28-urticulatis, articulis 12-16 albis,
articulis 3-5 5 extus albo-lineatis ; orbitis internis late, orbitisque
externis dimidio inferiore flavidulis; tergitis primo basi extrema,
tertio linea apicali in medio, quarto fascia angusta apicali, quinto
linea apicali utrinque interrupta, sexto lateribus anguste, septi-
moque linea apicali lateribus dilatata flavo-ochraceis; palpis,
pedibus anticis intermediisque, tibiisque tarsisque posticis flavo-
testaceis; alis flavo-hyalinis, venis fuscis; terebra corpore
ceuilonga, valvulis fuscis, dimidio apicali ochraceis, apice
extremo fuscis.

Long. 14 mm,

?. Antenne sharply elbowed at the base of the twentieth
joint, the uimeteenth joint with two slender spines at the
apex, third joint almost as long as the fourth. Clypeus
very short, face and clypeus closely punctured; front
shining, smooth in the middle, without a tubercle, the sides
of the front and the vertex finely punctured. Posterior
ocelli as far from the eyes as from each other, and twice as
far from the posterior margin of the head. Angles of the
pronotum produced into minute tubercles ; mesonotum as
long as the scutellum, postscutellum, and median segment
combined, very finely and closely punctured on the lateral
lobes and on the front of the median lobe, the posterior
half in the middle broadly, very coarsely, and irregularly
reticulate. Scutellum very finely punctured, the basal
transverse groove broad and divided .by a low carina.
Median segment without a basal area, the areola not
separated from the petiolar area, punctured, spiracles
elliptical, the spiracular area reticulate. Abdomen rather
slender, the three basal segments rugulose, the apical
segments closely and minutely punctured; first tergite
about twice as long as the second, with two converging

\

Indo- Chinese Hymenoptera. 391

carine near the apex ; second and third tergites with small
spaces at the apical angles divided from the rest of the
segment by an oblique groove, also with a raised space on
each side diverging obliquely from the base and not reaching
beyond the middle of the segment ; the second tergite half
as long again as broad, the third subquadrate. Nervulus
prefurcal ; second recurrent nervure received only just
beyond the transverse cubital nervure.

Hab. Chapa, Tonkin ; June 21, 1916.

Allied to annulicornis, Cam., but differs in the colouring
of the abdomen and hind legs, also in the Jonger and
narrower second tergite.

Cyanowxorides annulicornis, Cam.

Epirhyssa annulicornis, Cam. Mem. Manchester Lit. & Phil. Soe. xliii.
p. 183 (1899).

Xylonomus annulicornis, Morley, Fauna Brit. India, Hymen. iii. p. 80
(19138).

If the genus Cyanozorides is kept apart from Xylonomus,
this species must be included in it, the antennze being sharply
bent at the base of the twentieth joint. Morley evidently
does not consider the distinctions as of generic value, though
he does not discuss the question.

Hab. Hoabinh, Tonkin; February, 1917. 1 9.

Pseudeugalta aspasia, sp. n.

@. Nigra; antennis 39-articulatis, articulis 10-20 albidis; scapo
subtus, flagello articulis tribus basalibus subtus, facie, tegulis,
macula sub tegulis, scutello macula magna, postscutello macula
transversa, tergitis 1-7 fascia apicali, fascia sexta interrupta,
tibiis anticis, tarsisque anticis articulis duobus basalibus flavis ;
coxis, posticis apice nigris, trochanteribus femoribusque anticis
intermediisque, femoribusque posticis basi testaceis; tibiis
intermediis, tarsis intermediis apice fuscis, tibiis posticis basi
late, apice angustissime, tarsisque posticis, apice fuscis, albido-
flavis ; alis hyalinis, flavo leviter suffusis ; venis fuscis.

Long. 15 mm.; terebre long. 9 mm.

@. Eyes strongly convergent towards the clypeus ; face
very finely punctured, nearly twice as long as its breadth at
the base of the clypeus. Head subopaque, very finely and
rather sparsely punctured, widely and shallowly emarginate
posteriorly, swollen behind the eyes. Mesonotum subopaque,
finely and closely punctured on the median lobe, much more
sparsely on the lateral lobes; the median lobe broadly

392 Mr. R. E. Turner on

rounded at the apex near the middle of the mesonotum ;
the apical portion of the mesonotum flattened in the middle
and with four cu:ved striz, followed by several fine oblique
striz. Median segment coarsely reticulate, with a distinct
longitudinal carina both above and below the large spiracle.
Abdomen subpetiolate; the first segment nearly twice as
long as the second ; smooth and shining. Areolet with a
short petiole, the recurrent nervure received at two-thirds
from the base ; nervulus interstitial.

Hab. Muong You, Luang Prabang; November 13, 1917.
1? 3

Very near P. furcifera, Bingh., from Luzon, of which the
male only is described, but in that species the face is
distinctly broader, the mesonotum much more strongly
punctured, the median segment much less coarsely reticulate,
and the longitudinal carina above the spiracle. obsolete.
I think these differences are specific, not sexual. There is
also an oblique yellow fascia on the mesopleurze behind in
P. furcifera, which is absent in aspasia.

Subfamily Icuwevmonrn 2.

Holcojoppa flavipennis, Cam.
Holcojoppa flavipennis, Cam, Entomologist, p. 181 (1902). 9.

Hab. Vientiane, Laos ; July 30, 1915.
The localities of the specimens in the British Museum
collection are Sikkim, Khasi Hills, and Hong Kong.

Superfamily SPHECOIDEA.

Subfamily Ampvricrvaz.

Ampulex varicolor, sp. 0.

Q. Nigra; segmento mediano, abdomine, mesosterno, coxis,
femoribusque basi chalybeis ; thorace, segmento mediano lateri-
bus, clypeo apice, scapo subtus flagelloque articulis 5 basalibus
rufis; alis hyalinis, anticis cellula radiali cellulisque cubitalibus
prima apice secundoque basi infuscatis ; venis nigris, vena cubitali
transversa prima obliterata.

Long. 15-18 mm.

@. Mandibles very long and slender. Clypeus very long
and narrow, convex, but only distinctly carinate near the
apex, produced at the apex into a broadly rounded process
with a lateral tooth on each side ; the whole clypeus sparsely

Indo-Chinese H 'ymenoptera. 393

and rather finely punctured. Eyes distinctly convergent
towards the vertex, where they are separated by a distance
about equal to the combined length of the third and fourth
joints of the flagellum, but a little less than the length of
the second joint of the flagellum. Front with three short,
almost parallel, longitudinal carine, not nearly reaching
the anterior ocellus, the space between the carine in-
distinctly obliquely striated ; the front with obscure steely-
blue patches. Head broadly rounded behind the eyes;
vertex finely aciculate, opaque, divided by a shallow longi-
tudinal groove, which extends almost to the posterior ocelli.
Pronotum longer than broad, with a median sulcus, not
raised or tuberculate posteriorly, opaque, without distinct
sculpture. Mesonotum and scutellum subopaque, almost
smooth, pleurz finely and irregularly rugulose. Median
segment a little longer than its median breadth, with the
usual carine, the space between the carine strongly trans-
versely striated, the third and fourth carine convergent at
the base, the teeth at the apical angles of the segment very
short and blunt. Second tergite a little longer than its
greatest breadth ; abdomen smooth and shining. Penulti-
mate joint of the hind tarsi not extending as far -as the
middle of the apical joint. Fore wing with two cubital cells ;
second transverse cubital nervure reaching the radius at a
distance from the apex of the radial cell equal to about half
the length of the first transverse cubital nervure.

Hab. Annam, Kengtrap; November 27, 1917; Xieng
Khouang, Ban Sai, December 8, 1918 (type).

The colouring and the exceedingly elongate clypeus render
this species very conspicuous. In colour it is nearest to
A. ruficornis, Cam., but differs in the steel-blue colour of
the median segment and abdomen, in details of sculpture,
and in the much greater size. I doubt if it belongs to the
same group as 4. ruficornis, both seem to mimic roughly
the colouring of Sima rufonigra.

Subfamily Purrawrurm.

Cerceris tonkinensis, sp. n.

g. Brunneo-ferrugineus ; capite, mesosterno, coxis basi, femoribus
posticis, tibiisque posticis, basi ochraceis, nigris; vertice, antennis,
mandibulis basi, clypeoque apice fusco-ferrugineis; tegulis,
pedibus, segmento mediano macula magna utrinque areaque
basali flavo-ochraceis ; segmento abdominali primo lateribus et
subtus, tergitis 1-6 fascia apicali, sternito secundo subtus,

Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. iv. 29

394. On Indo- Chinese Hymenoptera.

sternitisque 3-6 fascia transversa flavis; alis flavo-hyalinis, venis
ferrugineis; clypeo apice dentibus tribus minutis armato ;
segmento mediano area basali nitida, impunctata; sternito
secundo area basali elevata nulla; petiolo latitudine longiore ;
sternito sexto angulis apicalibus dente armato.

Long. 13 mm.

g. Antenne inserted a little more than half as far again
from the anterior ocellus as from the base of the clypeus ;
the interantennal carina short, but strong; face below the
antennz and the clypeus with large sparse punctures; middle
lobe of the clypeus much longer than its greatest breadth.
Apical joint of the flagellum distinctly, but not very strongly
curved, scarcely longer than the penultimate, and truncate at
the apex. Vertex, temples, mesonotum, and mesopleure
closely and rather strongly punctured ; scutellum and median
segment rather less closely punctured ; postscutellum very
sparsely punctured. Abdomen rather deeply but not closely
punctured ; the first segment longer than its greatest breadth
and strongly narrowed at the apex; sternites smooth;
pygidial area parallel-sided, nearly twice as long as broad,
truncate at the apex, sparsely punctured.

Hab. Tonkin ; May, 1917.

The spines at the apex of the sixth sternite are short, the
species resembles C, vigilans, Sm., in the form of the clypeus
and pygidial area.

Philanthus angustatus, sp. n.

3. Niger; clypeo apice anguste, macula curvata inter antennas,
pronoto margine postico, tegulis, callis humeralibus, scutello
macula magna, postscutello macula parva transversa, tergito
secundo macula apicali transversa utrinque, tergitis 3-5 fascia
angusta apicali, tibiis anticis intermediisque supra, tarsisque
flavis; articulis tarsalibus apice nigris; alis hyalinis, venis
nigris ; abdomine petiolato.

Long. 10 mm.

3. Clypeus very broadly rounded anteriorly, closely
punctured, and clothed with long whitish hairs, a row of
stout blackish sete springing from beneath the clypeus.
Head very closely punctured-rugulose, opaque; posterior
ocelli nearly twice as far from each other as from the eyes.
Antennee very little longer than the thorax without the
median segment, the apical joint rounded at the apex.
Thorax and median segment closely and rather strongly
punctured, Abdomen sparsely punctured ; first tergite more

On the Myriapoda of Ulster. 395

than half as long again as the second, forming a slender
petiole, gradually widened towards the apex, where it is
nearly twice as broad as at the base; second tergite at the
apex at least four times as broad as the apex of the first.
Second transverse cubital nervure almost vertical. 'Tarsi
very slender, much longer than the tibiz.

Hab. Chapa, Tonkin ; June 5,1916. 1 ¢.

This approaches the genus Trachypus in the petiolate form
of the first tergite; but has not the sharply truncate apical
antennal joint characteristic of that genus. It is, however,
very distinct in the form of the petiole from any Oriental
Philanthus. The two species described by Bingham from
Aden under Trachypus (Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. xii.
p- 107, 1898) belong to Philanthus, and have not the petiolate
abdomen of this species.

XUWT—A List of the Myriapoda of Ulster.
By Nevin H. Fosrer, F.L.S., M.R.LA.

THe word Myriapoda as here used must be merely understood
as a convenient designation for an assemblage of many-
legged arthropods. Prof. Carpenter has shown * that tle
time-honoured “‘ Class Myriapoda” of P. A. Latreille ought
to disappear from systematic zoology, and that the Orders
embraced in this old Class are each worthy of Class rank.

In the compilation of this list the following papers &c.
have been consulted :—Loudon’s Mag. of Nat. Hist., 1836,
p- 12; “Irish Myriapoda” (Pocock), ‘Irish Naturalist,’
vol. ii. ; ‘‘ New Irish Myriapods” (Selbie), ibid. vol. xxi. ;
“New Records of Irish Myriapods ”’ (Selbie), 22d, vol. xxii.
“Trish Myriapoda” (Johnson), ebid. vol. xxii. ; ‘ Distri-
bution of Symphyla” (Foster), zbid. vol. xxiv. ; ‘‘ Notes on
Myriapoda” (Brade and Birks), ¢b¢d. vol. xxv. ; B. N. F.C.
‘ Proceedings,’ ser. 2, vol. vil. ; Royal Irish Academy ‘ Pro-
ceedings,’ vol. xxxi.; &c.

It is remarkable that Thompson’s ‘Natural History of
Treland’ contains no reference to the Myriapoda. The fourth
volume, which includes the Invertebrates, was publislied
in 1856, twenty years after Templeton’s notes appeared in
Loudon’s ‘ Magazine.’

* ‘Trish Naturalist,’ vol. xxv. p. 164.

29%

396 Mr. N. H. Foster on

Practically all the specimens included in this list have been
collected by a few members of the Belfast Naturalists’ Field
Club, and from time to time have been identified by Dr. and
the Rev. 8. Graham Brade-Birks, Dr. H. W. Brélemann,
Dr. A. Randell Jackson, the Rev. W. F. Johnson, Messrs.
R. I, Pocock and R.S8. Bagnall, and the late Lieut. C. M.
Selbie ; and to them thanks are due for the examination of
the collections sent them. Further, we tender our thanks to
Dr. R. F. Scharff, who has kindly permitted the extraction
of Selbie’s unpublished notes preserved in the National
Museum, Dublin.

Hxclusive of one exotic species (see p. 406) taken in a
warm greenhouse, 55 species of Myriapods have been found
in Ireland, and of these 52 have been identified from the
Province of Ulster. It may be, as will be mentioned in the
following notes, that doubt exists as to the validity of some
of these species being included in the Irish list, but pending
future investigation it has been considered advisable to cite
them.

The subjoined table gives the number of. species recorded
from each of our county divisionsi—

Table showing number of Species of Myriapoda recorded from
each Ulster County Division. |

Canaite bite ais-« 4 14 species. SD ONGR) 2s ails 18 species.
Monaghan.... 16. ,, Armaghi ccc. « 33g
Fermanagh ., 11 _,, Down sei, aa te 30% hs
Donegal East . 13, Antrint (cc. « 41%...
Donegal West. 18 ,, Londonderry... 22 ,,

As will be-observed, the records from some of the county
divisions are somewhat meagre, and in them doubtless many
species await digcovery. But as it appears unlikely that
exhaustive collections will be undertaken in the near future,
it has been considered advisable to publish the present list as
a basis for future workers. It will be noted that the largest
of the Ulster counties—Donegal—has been divided into East
and West divisions in accordance with Praeger’s scheme *
These two divisions are separated by a line running N.H.
and 8.W. from the head of Donegal Bay to the head of
Lough Swilly, dividing the Baronies of Bannagh, Boylagh,
and Kilmacrenan from Tirhugh, Raphoe, and Inishowen.

* “Trish Topographical Botany,” R. a Acad, Proceedings, 3rd. ser.
vol, vii. (1901).

the Myriapoda of Ulster. 397

The nomenclature adopted in this paper differs considerably
(particularly in the Diplopoda) from that used in former
papers on the Irish Myriapods, and we must express our
thanks to Dr. Hilda K. and the Rev. 8. Graham Brade-Birks,
who have kindly rendered much assistance in bringing it into
line with the conclusions of modern reseateh in the group.
References to the synonymy given in the subjoined list will
render comparison of this with former papers a matter of

little difficulty.

ANNOTATED LIST OF THE MyRIAPODA OF ULSTER.

Class CHILOPODA (CENTIPEDES).
Order EPIMORPHA.
Family Lithobide.
Lnthobius forficatus (Linné).

This species is common everywhere throughout the pro-
vince. Doubtless the same will prove true for Ireland,
although its presence in only 14 county divisions of the 40
has hitherto been recorded.

Lithobius variegatus, Leach.

This is the largest of the Irish centipedes, and, like the
preceding species, is common everywhere in Ulster. It still
awaits discovery in 17 county divisions of the other provinces.

Lithobius melanops, Newport (= ZL. glabratus, C. L. Koch).

Probably occurs throughout Ireland, having been recorded
from 17 county divisions in all the provinces. In Ulster it
has been found in Donegal E., Donegal W., Armagh, Down,
Antrim, and Londonderry.

Lithobtus agilis, C. L. Koch.
The only Irish records for this species are from Coolmore,
Donegal E., and Acton Wood, Armagh.

Lithobius borealis, Meinert.

The inclusion of this species is somewhat doubtful, as in
the past it appears to have been confounded with the next
species. All the available Irish specimens on re-examination

398 Mr. N. H. Foster on

have proved to be L. lapidicola. It had been recorded from
Cavan, Fermanagh, Donegal K., Armagh, and Antrim in
Ulster, but the specimens on which these records were based
cannot now be produced. Regarding its Britannic status,
Bagnall says that a Lancashire example is truly referable to
this species, most, #£ not all, other records of borealis being
referable to lapidicola *.

Lithobius lapidicola, Meinert.

The Ulster localities for this species are Murray’s Wood
(Coalisland), Tyrone, and Ballynahinch and Ballymagee,
Down. Elsewhere in Ireland it has been taken in Wicklow
and Sligo, but, as stated above, it is probable that the Irish
records for LZ. borealis should be referable to this species.

Lithobius (Monotarsobius) crassipes, C. L. Koch.

This species has been obtained in Monaghan, Armagh,
Down, Antrim, and Londonderry. Outside Ulster it has
only been recorded from Co. Louth.

Lithobius (Monotarsobius) microps, Meinert.

Specimens taken at Ballyquintin Point, Down, and Falca-
ragh, Donegal W., were among the last Myriapods examined
by Selbie prior to his departure from Dublin to serve and
die for his country. As at this time the distinction between
this species and the closely allied LZ. duboscqui was not
recognized by him and earlier workers, it is almost certain
that the foregoing should have been allocated to the latter

species, and it is unfortunate that the specimens cannot now
be traced.

Lithobius (Monotarsobius) duboscqut, Brélemann.

This species was first detected in Ireland in 1914, froma
specimen taken in Co. Carlow, but it was afterwards found
that the few specimens labelled Z. méerops in the National
Museum, Dublin, should have been named ZL. duboscqui.
The Ulster records are Raughlan (Lough Neagh), Armagh;
Ballyquintin Point and Hillsborough, Down ; and Antrim
Town and Whitepark Bay, Antrim. ‘The specimen taken at
Raughlan has been referred to the var. fosteri +.

* Journ. Zool. Research, vol. iii. (1918).
* ‘Trish Naturalist,’ vol. xxviii. p. 4.

the Myriapoda of Ulster. 399

Lamyctes fulvicornis, Meinert (= Henicops fulvicornis
(Meinert)).

This species has been found at Aghlabeg, Donegal W. ;
Maghery and Raughlan (both on the shore of Lough Neagh),
Armagh ; Ballymagee, Down ; and Belfast, Torr Head, and
Ballycastle, Antrim. Elsewhere in Ireland it has been
recorded from Kerry 8., Carlow, Meath, Roscommon, and

Mayo W.

Order ANAMORPHA.
Family Scolopendrida.

Cryptops hortensis, Leach.

Only recorded from six Irish county divisions, this species
is probably rare. In Ulster it has been taken in Magee’s
Nursery (Knock), Down, where it may have been doubtfully
native, and at Ballycastle and Cranmore (Belfast), Antrim—
the latter one of Templeton’s old records.

Family Geophilide.

Geophilus carpophagus, Leach (= G. sodalis, Bergsoe &
Meinert= G. condylogaster, Latzel).

Apparently not uncommon in Ulster, having been recorded
from numerous localities in those counties which have been
best searched. It has been found in Fermanagh, Tyrone,
Armagh, Down, Antrim, and Londonderry.

Geophilus longicorms, Leach (=? G. flavus, de Geer).

Probably common throughout Ireland, but only recorded
from sixteen county divisions. In this province it has been
taken in Cavan, Monaghan, Tyrone, Down, Antrim, and
Londonderry.

Geophilus proximus, O. L. Koch.

This is another species whose presence in Ireland is open
to doubt, as the older workers did not appear to differentiate
between it and G. insculptus. The records, however, which
cannot now be authenticated, are from Cavan, Monaghan,
Down, Antrim, and Londonderry.

400 Mr. N. H. Foster on

Geophilus insculptus, Attems.

As stated above, it is probable that all the Irish records
for G. proximus should have been allotted to this species *.
The only Ulster specimens about which no doubt obtains
were taken in Hillsborough Park, Down. Elsewhere in
Treland it has been verified from Co. Wicklow.

Geophilus electricus (Linné).

The only Ulster record for this species is by Templeton—
Cranmore (Belfast), Antrim. It has also been found in the
counties of Mayo W. and Leitrim in the province of Con-
naught.

Brachygeophilus truncorum (Meinert) (= Geophilus truncorum,
Meinert).

This species has only hitherto been found in nine Irish
counties, and of these four are in Ulster, viz., Monaghan,
Tyrone, Down, and Antrim.

Scolioplanes crassipes (C. L. Koch) (= Linotemia
crassipes, O. L. Koch).

The only Ulster record for this species is from Poyntzpass,
Jo. Armagh.

Scolioplanes maritimus (Leach) (= Linoteemia maritima,

Leach).

This is a coastal species and has been found in Donegal E.,
Donegal W., and Down. Outside Ulster it has been recorded
in Ireland from six county divisions.

Schendyla nemorensis (C. Li. Koch) (= Hydroschendyla

submarinus, Grube).

For this we have only four Ulster records, viz., Glenveagh,
Donegal W.; Poyntzpass, Armagh; Whitepark Bay,
Antrim ; and Banagher, Londonderry.

Stigmatogaster subterraneus (Leach).
Is probably widely distributed in Ireland. In Ulster it

* Vide “ Notes on Myriapoda,” Irish Naturalist, vol. xxvii. p. 27.

the Myriapoda of Ulster. 401

has been found in Cavan, Monaghan, Armagh, Down, and
Antrim.

Class DIPLOPODA (MIL LEPEDEs).
Order PSELAPHOGNATHA.
Family Polyxenidz.

Polyxenus lagurus (Linné).

The only Ulster record for this species is by the late H. L.
Orr, who found it under the bark of a tree at Old Forge,
Dunmurry, Co. Antrim. Elsewhere in Ireland it has been
found in the counties of Dublin and Wicklow. In the latter
county the writer found four specimens under a stone on

Bray Head.

Order CHILOGNATHA.
Family Glomeride.

Glomerts marginata (Villers).

With the exception of Cavan this species has been taken
in all the Ulster county divisions, where it proves to be
common, as doubtless obtains throughout Ireland, though it
is as yet unrecorded from eighteen county divisions. Being
able to roll itself up into a perfeet ball, it is known as the
pill-millepede.

Family Iulida.
Iulus ligulifer, Latzel (=J. scandinavicus, Latzel).

This species is apparently not common. In Ulster it has
been recorded from Cavan; Dunfanaghy, Donegal W.;
Armagh; Ballynahinch, Ballymagee, and Hillsborough,
Down; several stations round the coast from Cushendall
to Whitepark Bay, Antrim; and Banagher and Dungiven,
Londonderry. Outside Ulster the only Irish records are
from Wicklow and Leitrim.

Iulus (Ophiiulus) fallax, Meinert.

This is a common species occurring in numerous localities
in all the Ulster counties except Cavan, where doubtless it
will eventually be found.

402 Mr. N. H. Foster on

Tachypodotulus albipes (C. Li. Koch) (= Julus albipes, C. L.
Koch= J. transversosulcatus, am Stein=? I. niger, Leach).

One of the commonest of our millepedes and widely distri-
buted throughout Ulster, though as yet unrecorded from
Donegal W. It is strange that from the other provinces this
species has, with the exception of Sligo and Leitrim, only
been recorded from the eastern counties, viz., Wexford,
Carlow, Wicklow, Dublin, Meath, and Louth; and the more
so as, owing to its large size, it is not readily overlooked.

Cylindroiulus silvarum, Meinert (= ulus silvarum, Meinert
=?TJ. punctatus, Leach).

This is another very common species, and is recorded from
numerous localities in all the Ulster county divisions except
Donegal E.

Cylindrotulus luridus (C. L. Koch) (=J. luridus,
C. LL. Koch).

The only Ulster, indeed Britannic, records for this species
are from Co. Armagh, all of them being in the neighbourhood
of Poyntzpass.

Cylindroiulus londenensis teutonicus (Pocock)
(=T. teutonicus, Pocock).

This species has been taken at Whitepark Bay, Co. An-
trim—the only Ulster record. It has been found elsewhere
in Ireland on the Great Blasket Island, Kerry S., and at
Delphi, Mayo W.

Cylindroiulus britannicus (Verhoeff) (=Julus luscus of some
authors; J. luseus of Meinert is not recognizable).

As I. luscus this species has been recorded from numerous
stations throughout Ireland, including all the Ulster counties
except Londonderry. It is, however, possible that some of
these are erroneous and should be referable to the following
species.

Cylindroiulus frisius (Verhoeff).

This species has been only taken with certainty once in
Ireland, viz., at Rosapenna, Donegal W., in 1913, but the
collection was only examined a few months ago.

the Myriapoda of Ulster. 403

Brachyiulus (Microbrachyiulus) pusillus (Leach)
(=B. (A1.) littoralis, Verhoeff).

In Ulster this species has recently been found near
Stewartstown, Tyrone; at Ballymagee, Down; and Gawley’s
Gate (Lough Neagh), Antrim. These specimens had been
recorded * as new to Ireland, but on Bagnall’s showing that
this species is identical with Zudus pusillus, Leach, a correcting
paragraph — appeared afterwards. Older records, as Lulus
pusillus from Cranmore, Belfast (Templeton), and Slemish,
Antrim, and The Spa, Ballynahinch, Down, are probably
referable to this species. LKlsewhere in Ireland JZ. pusidlus
has been recorded from Mayo W., Sligo, and Louth.

Schizophyllum sabulosum (Linné) (= ulus sabulosus,
Linné).

This large and handsome millepede does not seem to be
common in Ireland. The Ulster localities in which it has
been found are Bundoran, Donegal E.; Navan Fort,
Armagh; Cranmore (Belfast) and Kinbane, Antrim; and
near Toome, Londonderry. Outside this province there are
records from Carlow, Galway W., King’s Co., Wicklow,
Dublin, and Leitrim.

Family Protoiulide.

- Trichoblaniulus guttulatus (Bosc) (= Blaniulus guttulatus
(Bosc) =? Lulus pulchellus, Leach).

The Ulster records for this species are confined to four
counties, viz., Stewartstown, Tyrone ; Hillsborough, Knock,
and Kilkeel, Down ; Whiterock and Templepatrick, Antrim ;
and Benevenagh, Londonderry. It has been recorded from
ten other Lrish counties,

Amstemia fuscus (am Stein) (= Blaniulus fuscus, am Stein).

Recorded from fifteen Irish counties, this species has been
found in six of these in Ulster. ‘The localities are Glaslough,
Monaghan ; Gweedore and Cratlagh, Donegal W.; Acton
Glebe, Armagh; Dromantine, Belvoir Park, Ballynahinch,

* ‘Trish Naturalist,’ vol. xxvi. p. 28.
+ Ibid. vol. xxvii. p. 5.

404 Mr. N. H. Foster on

Lisnagade, Castlereagh Hills, Hillsborough, and Gilford,
Down ; and Kinbane Head and Plantation Port, Antrim ;
and Benevenagh, Londonderry. It may be advisable to state
that the examination of ¢ specimens is necessary for a
definite diagnosis of this species.

Nopotulus venustus (Meinert) (= Blaniulus venustus
Meinert =? Zulus pulchellus, C. L. Koch).

With the exception of Mayo W. this species has not been
found in Ireland outside Ulster. In this province it has been
obtained at Virginia, Cavan; Baronscourt, Tyrone; Acton
Wood and Poyntzpass, Armagh; Dromantine, Knock,
Newtownards, and Hillsborough, Down; Cranmore (Belfast)
and Randalstown, Antrim ; and Banagher, Londonderry.

Isobates varicornis (C. L. Koch).

The only Irish records for this species are from the demesne

and park, Hillsborough, Co. Down.

Polymicrodon polydesmoides (Leach) (=Atractasoma poly-
desmoides (Leach)=A. latzeli, Verhoett= Polymicrodon
latzeli, Verhoef).

This species has been found in all the Ulster counties
except Cavan. Outside this province it has been seldom
detected in Jreland, there being only a few records froni
Kerry 8., Dublin, Longford, Roscommon, Sligo, and Leitrim.

Craspedosoma rawlinst’, Leach (= C. simile, Verhoef,
nec Attems).

Apparently one of our rarer species, this has been obtained
at Rossmore demesne, Monaghan; Armagh; Ballymagee,
Downpatrick, and Hillsborough, Down ; Cushendall, Antrim ;
and Banagher, Londonderry. Outside Ulster it has been
recorded from one locality each in Cork E., Wicklow,
Dublin, and Leitrim. :

Family Polydesmida.

Brachydesmus superus, Latzel.

This species has been recorded from all the Ulster county
divisions except Monaghan and Fermanagh, but Dr. and the

the Myriapoda of Ulster. 405

Rev. Brade-Birks consider it probable that the forma typica
is not found in this country and that these may all be referable
to the next variety.

Brachydesmus superus mosellanus, Verhoef.

Verhoeff has shown that this differs from typical B. superus,
and specimens taken near Stewartstown, ‘Tyrone; Bally-
magee, Down; and Gawley’s Gate (Lough Neagh), Antrim,
agree with his description.

Polydesmus complanatus (Linné),

We have records of this species from Glaslough, Monaghan ;
Dunfanaghy, Donegal W. ; Acton Wood, Armagh ; Belvoir
Park and Kilkeel, Down; Belfast and Slemish, Antrim ;
and Banagher and Dungiven, Londonderry.

Polydesmus gallicus, Latzel.

This species has been found at Virginia, Cavan; Armagh ;
and Randalstown, Antrim.

Polydesmus denticulatus, C. L. Koch.

Apparently not common here, but we have records for this
species from Hillsborough, Down; Murlough Bay, Antrim ;
and Benevenagh, Londonderry. From the rest of Ireland it
has been obtained in Co. Wicklow and in two localities in

Co. Leitrim,

Polydesmus edentulus, ©. L. Koch.

The only Irish records for this species are from Poyntzpass,
Armagh; and Belfast, Antrim.

Polydesmus coriaceus, Porat.

This species has been found in Ulster at Balieborough,
Cavan ; Hillsborough and Ballymagee, Down ; Carr’s Glen,
Marlough Bay, and Torr Head, Antrim ; and Benevenagh,
Londonderry. A specimen taken by Mrs. Stelfox at Mur-

406 On the Myriapoda of Ulster.

lough Bay was referred by Selbie* to his var. securiformis,
but Dr. and the Rev. Brade-Birks do not consider this a true
variety.

[ Orthomorpha gracilis (C. L. Koch) (= Paradesmus gracilis,
CG. i. Kochi).

Although doubtless an exotic species artificially introduced,
nevertheless itis included here from a specimen obtained in

Magee’s Nursery, Knock, Co. Down.]

Class PAUROPODA.

No specimens belonging to this Class have as yet been
discovered in Ireland.

Class SY MPHYLA.,
Family Scolopendrellida.
Subfamily ScurrezreLrina.

Scutigerella immaculata (Newport) (= Scolopendrella
immaculata, Newport).

This species is apparently not uncommon in Ulster,
having been recorded from south shore of Lough Erne,
Fermanagh ; Falcaragh, Donegal W.; Coalisland, Tyrone ;
Poyntzpass, Armagh; Hillsborough, Ballynahinch, Ban-
bridge, Cultra, Kilkeel, Ballyquintin Point, Ballymacormack
Point, Ballymagee, and Gilford, Down ; and Glenshesk,
Cushendall, Glenarm, and Antrim town, Antrim. It has
been recorded from each of the other three provinces, and
with the exception of one other is the only species of
Symphylla hitherto found in Ireland outside Ulster.

Scutigerella spinipes, Bagnall.

Poyntzpass, Armagh ; and Glenshesk and Antrim town,
Autrim, are the only Irish records for this species.

Scutigerella biscutata, Bagnall.
Doubtless this species will eventually prove not rare. Its

* Ann. & Mag, Nat. Hist. ser. 8, vol. xii. (1913).

Prof. S. Maulik on new Hispine. 407

Ulster localities hitherto discovered are Poyntzpass, Ar-
magh ; Ballynahinch, Banbridge, Kilkeel, and Hillsborough,
Down; and Portmore, Glenshesk, and Cushendall, Antrim.
Outside Ulster it has been taken at Carlingford, Co. Louth.

Subfamily ScoroprypretriwZ.

Scolopendrellopsis subnuda (Hansen).

Murlough Bay and Cushendall, Antrim, are the only Irish
localities in which this species has hitherto been found.

Symphylella delicatula (Bagnall).

This species has been obtained at Poyntzpass, Armagh ;

and Hillsborough and Kilkeel, Down.

Symphylella vulgaris (Hansen).

Our only Trish records for this species are from Corry’s Glen
and The Park, both in the neighbourhood of Hillsborough,
Co. Down.

XLIV.—New Hispine. By 8. MAuLIxK, Professor of
Zoology in the University ot Calcutta.

THIs paper contains descriptions of three new Hispids—two
from Africa and one from Arabia. The Afriean insects are
interesting because they belong to genera—Monochirus and
Phidodonta—which have hitherto been confined to the
Oriental region.

The structure of the claws is one of the important characters
which are used for the recognition of the genera of the spiny
Hispids. Sometimes these claws are so minute (as in the
case of the insects dealt with here) that it is difficult to observe
them under a dissecting microscope. A balsam preparation
is therefore necessary. In making such a preparation one
finds that it is troublesome to put the dissected claw on its
dorsal surface (which is convex) to facilitate observation of
the ventral side (which is concave). This difficulty is over-
come by imbedding the claw first in collodion. The claw is
run up to absolute alcohol and then through a half-and-half

408 Prof. 8S. Maulik on new Hispine.

mixture of oil of cloves and alcohol into a collodion syrup.
It is then transferred to a little cell on a glass-slide, and the
cell filled with the syrup. When this has been set in cedar
oil a thin strip containing the embedded claw is cut off. This
strip can be handled easily, and that side can be put up which
shows the ventral surface of the claws. A balsam preparation
can now be made of the strip of collodion, which is perfectly
transparent. Collodion for embedding is made by mixing a
concentrated alcohol-ether solution of celloidin or other nitro-
cellulose with enough clove oil to make a thin syrup. For
an account of orientating minute objects reference should be
made to Mr. H. G. Newth’s paper entitled “On the Orienta-
tion of Minute Objects for the Microtome” (Quart. Journ.
Mier. Sci. 1919).

Monochirus capensis, sp. n.

Body oblong. Black. Prothorax opaque, elytra subnitid.
The first joint of antenne with a dorsal spine. The claws
single, pointed. The front margin of the prothorax with two.
pairs of spines, each lateral margin with a pair of spines
followed by a single spine. The elytra with numerous spines
on the dorsal surface as well as along the margin.

Head broad, rugose ; eyes convex, with a row of silvery
hairs round them. The antennz are almost as long as the
head and prothorax ; the first joint is the largest, armed with
a large dorsal pointed spine, the second rounded, third to
sixth gradually decreasing in length; the five apical joints
forming a moderately thickened club covered with brownish
pubescence, the six basal joints granulate with a few scat-
tered hairs. Prothorax transverse, with the surface rugose,
sparsely covered with scale-like hairs, and with a longitu-
dinal impression along the middle. There are two shallow
transverse depressions across the surface, the one along the
base being deeper than the one in front. On the front
margin there are two pairs of straight and pointed spines
which are equal in length. Hach side has three pointed
spines of almost equal length, the front two having a common
base and the third ata little distance behind them. Sceu-
iellum broad, granulate, with the apex truncate. Hlytra a
little broader than the prothorax at base, more shiny, punc-
tate-striate, the punctures being deep and rounded. On each
elytron there are roughly three principal rows of pointed
spines, three or four on the apical area being larger and
stouter. There is a short sutural row of smaller spines.

———

Prof. S. Maulik on new Hispine. 409

Approximately each disc has altogether about forty-five spines
including the smaller sutural ones. Each margin: from the
humeral to the apical sutural angle has about twenty pointed
spines of equal length equally distant from each other, except
three on the apical area, which are larger and_stouter.
Onderside dull, with scattered white hairs. The femora
without teeth on the underside. Mid-tibiz slightly curved ;
the tarsi are long ; the claw-joint projects beyond the bilobed
joint.

Length 44 mm.

Cape of Good Hope, Table Mt. (W. Bevins) (type).

Type in the British Museum.

There are three more specimens, more or less imperfect,
strongly resembling the type-specimen, with the following
label :—‘* Howick, Natal (J. P. COregoe).” Much reliance
should not be placed on the authenticity of this locality.

Aecmenychus planus, sp. n.

Body oblong, black, subnitid. The first joint of antennz
with a long dorsal spine. The claws fused together and as
broad at base as at the apex. Hach side of the prothorax
with three single spines. ‘Two pairs of spines on the front
margin are so far apart that they may be regarded as almost
lateral. The dorsal side of the elytra without any prominent
well-defined ribs or tubercles.

Head broad rugose, with an interantennal ridge and a row
of silvery hairs encircling each eye. Collar very finely
granulate. The first joint of the antenne is the largest, the
second small and rounded, the third to sixth of gradually
diminishing length. The six basal joints are subnitid,
strongly sulcate, and with a few scattered silvery hairs; the
five apical joints form an elongate club and are covered with
brownish pubescence. Prothorax almost as broad as long,
broadest across the middle and slightly narrowed anteriorly
and posteriorly. The sides are rounded. The surface is
rugose, with scattered silvery adpressed hairs and with a
longitudinal smoother area with an impressed median line.
There are also two shallow transverse depressions, the poste-
rior one being deeper than the anterior. Scutel/um quadrate,
with apex rounded, the surface very finely granulate. Llytra
broader than the prothorax at the base, punctate-striate ; the
punctures, coalescing, become larger and coarser in the middle
and in the apical area. Comparatively speaking, there are
no prominently raised coste ; on the other hand, the inter-
stices are not quite plain on the apical area of the disc—they

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. iv. 30

410 Prof. 8. Maulik on new Hispinee.

show rudimentary tubercles in some places. Hach lateral
margin has about twenty-seven or twenty-eight teeth-like
small spines in a row on the apical margin, there being seven
or eight spines of increasing lengths, although the sutural
one is smaller than the next outer one. Underside shining,
sparsely covered with whitish hairs. The femora bear minute
teeth on the underside. The mid-tibie curved. The tarsi
large.

Length 6 mm.

Arabia (type).

Type in the British Museum.

There are four more specimens from Turcomania, Kurdestan
(Milligen), which strongly resemble the type-specimen, but
one of them has the foremost lateral spine doubled, so that
instead of three single spines on each side there is a pairona
common base followed by two single ones. This is evidently
an instance of abnormality.

This species differs from inermis, Zoubkoff, and patanine,
Weise, in not having prominent costz bearing spines on the
elytra and in having three single spines on each side of the
prothorax, and from the latter particularly in not possessing
a spine on the second joint of the antenne.

Phidodonta chirinda, sp. n.

Body elongate, small, black, subnitid, or opaque. The
large dorsal spine on the first joint of the antennz, the great
distance between the two pairs of spines on the front border
of the prothorax (so that they may be regarded as almost lateral,
pointing sideways), the equal, completely separate, and pointed
claws, the absence of spines on the elytra, the minute teeth on
the lateral margin, and four or five large spines on the apical
margin of the elytra—all these characters (which are possessed
by this species) separate the genus Phidodonta from all other
genera of the Hispinze. This insect, therefore, extends
Phidodonta to the African region.

Head broad, rugose, with a longitudinal deep impression
along the middle, and with a row of silvery hairs round each
eye. The first joint of the antennce is the largest and bears a
dorsal spine, the third joint is longer than the second, which
is rounded; fourth, fifth, and sixth rounded and almost equal;
these joints are rough and bear a few bristly hairs; the five
apical joints form a thickened club and are covered with
brownish pubescence. Prothorax slightly longer than broad,
with the surface rugose, scattered over with whitish adpressed

Bibliographical Notices. aie

hairs, and with a smoother longitudinal area having a faint
impression along the middle. There are two transverse
shallow depressions across the surface. On each side there
are three small, blunt, horizontal spines, the front two having
a common base and the third separate. On the front margin,
and situated on each side not very far in front of the anterior
two of the lateral spines, are two small, blunt, and horizontal
spines contiguous at the base. Scutel/um broad, with apex
rounded, and the surface very finely granulate. Elytra broader
at the base than the prothorax, moreshining than the prothorax,
punctate-striate, the punctures being deep and rounded. The
whole surface is tuberculate, the tubercles being more promi-
nent on the apical area. Hach lateral margin with about
eighteen minute teeth, each apical margin with four or five
spines of gradually increasing length. Underside subnitid,
mid-tibie curved. Claws minute, but distinctly separate and
brown.

Length 33-4 mm.

Mt. Chirinda, S.E. Mashonaland, Nov., Dec. 1901 (G. A. K.
Marshall) (type) ; 1 specimen. Gazaland, Dec. 1901; 2
specimens. Upper Buzi River, S.H. Mashonaland, 25.ix.1905
(G. A. K. Marshall) ; 3 specimens.

Type in the British Museum.

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES.

Studies on Acari.—No.1. The Genus Demodex, Owen. By Srantry
Hirst. Published by Order of the Trustees of the British
Museum (Natural History). London, 1919. iii—44 pp., 13 plates,
and 4 text-figures. Price 10s.

Tus memoir, dealing with skin parasites of microscopic size,
represents the first part of the Author's studies on parasitic Acari.
Although the detection of these creatures is not easy—living, as
they do, embedded in the skin of their hosts,—Mr. Hirst has had
considerable success in finding his material, and has thus sub-
stantially extended our knowledge of mammalian hosts affected by
this particular form of parasite.

The matter is well arranged ; the first few pages are devoted to
an outline of the frequency of occurrence and effects of the
Parasitism on the Host, dealing with Demodea and Man, and
Follicular or Demodectic Mange of the Dog (and its treatment),
Cat, Horse, Cattle, Pig, and the Goat. Then follows a brief

AJ2 Bibliographical Notices.

historic account, a discussion on the origin and affinities of the
family, and an important account of the external Morphology and

Taxonomy, whilst the rest of the memoir is devoted to the syste-

matic treatment of the genus. It is unfortunate that a Bibliography

had been omitted (due to its length and the high cost of printing

and. paper).

Mr. Hirst has demonstrated that the genital opening of the male
is dorsal and situated well forward on the cephalothorax, and,
basing his argument chiefly upon this fact, he suggests that the
family is probably a degenerate branch of the Cheletide, thus
isolating it from the Tetrapoda (Eriophyide) and suggesting a
closer relationship between the Thrombidiide (or, as is still more
widely used, Trombidiidz) and Sarcoptide than has generally been
accepted. As, however, the Cheletids are very closely related to
other Acarids wherein the genital opening is ventral, it is possible
that this feature has not the importance here attached to it.

The publication is illustrated by thirteen plates from excellent
drawings by Mr. F. Highley, and it will be seen that the memoir _
is not only of distinct value and interest to the systematist, but
also to the biologist and morphologist, and, though Demode is
regarded as harmless to the majority of those who have studied it,
it may yet loom large in the eyes of the economic bionomist.

Report on Cetacea stranded on the British Coasts during 1918, By
Dr. 8. F. Harmer,. F.R.S. Printed by Order of the Trustees of
the British Museum (Natural History).

Tues reports are proving a valuable addition to zoological litera-
ture, and this particular one must be regarded as of outstanding
interest, inasmuch as it is shown that the Cetacean recorded last
year as Cuvier’s beaked whale (Ziphius cavirostris) from Liscannor,
Co. Clare, has proved, after cleaning and a closer examination than
was then possible, to be a new British whale, and one of remark-
able rarity, Mesoplodon mirus. It was only described by the late
Mr. F. W. True from a female example taken at Beaufort Harbour,
North Carolina, in July 1912. The Liscannor specimen is an ,
adult male, and Dr. Harmer’s researches and enquiries elicit the
fact that a third example (sex unknown) is in the possession of the
Museum of University College, Galway, whilst another Galway
specimen in the same collection is referable to the rare Cuvier’s
whale (Z. cwvirostris); both had been erroneously referred to the
Mesoplodon hectori of Gray.

413

INDEX to VOL. IV.

ABROCOMA, new species of, 132.

Acmenychus, new species of, 409.

Acropentias, new species of, 310.

Acutia, description of the
genus, 89,

/Kolothrips, new species of, 253.

Adthria, new species of, 90.

Akodon, new species of, 155,

Allzorhynchus, new species of, 78.

Alpheias, new species of, 312.

Ampulex, new species of, 45, 392.

Analgesine, new, 336,

Analgopsis, description of the new
genus, 336.

Ancylolomia, new species of, 141.

Andrewes, H. E., papers on Oriental
Carabidae, 1, 290.

Anoplognathus, new species of, 380,

Aorus, new species of, 341.

Arachnida, on South Indian, 220.

Araneus, new species of, 243.

Arrow, G. J., systematic notes on a
few Melolonthine Coleoptera, 21 ;
notes on Ruteline Coleoptera,
379.

Atalotriccus, new species of, 301.

Attonda, description of the new
genus, 123.

Auchmophora, new species of, 310.

Aves, new, 301.

Bagnall, R.S., on the discovery of
two species of Brachycheteumide,
79; on new Thysanoptera, 253.

Barasa, new species of, 120.

Baylis, H. A., on a new species of
the Nematode genus Crosso-
cephalus from the Rhinoceros,
94; on a curious malformation in
Trenia saginata, 114; on Crosso-

new °

phorus collaris,
Ehrenberg, 343.

Bekker, H., on new Bryozoa from
the Kuckers stage in Esthonia,
327.

Books, new :—S. Hirst’s Studies on
Acari, No. 1, 411; Dr. S. F. Har-
mer’s Report on Cetacea stranded
on the British Coasts during 1918,
412.

Boulenger, G. A., a list of the fresh-
water fishes of Sierra Leone, 54.

Brachycheteumide, notes on, 79.

Brihaspa, new species of, 315.

Brulleia, new species of, 387.

Bryozoa, new, 327.

Buodias, new species of, 39.

Calamoschcena, new species of, 307.

Callithea, new species of, 86.

Calman, W. T., on barnacles of the
genus Megalasma from deep-sea
telegraph-cables, 361.

Calosoma, new species of, 290.

Campoplex, new species of, 37.

Camptolynx, new species of, 41.

Carabide, papers on Oriental, 1,
290.

Cartaletis, new species of, 277,

Catancyla, description of the new
genus, 140.

Ceratothrips, new species of, 254.

Cerceris, new species of, 49, 393.

Cestodes, curious malformation in,
114,

Champion, G. C., notes on the
African and Asiatic species of
Melyris, Fab., 157, 360.

Characoma, new species of, 118,

Charltona, new species of, 158, 305.

Hemprich &

414

Chilo, new species of, 56.

Chilopsis, description of the new
genus, 56.

Chorischizus, new species of, 36.

Chrysocale, new species of, 88.

Chubb, C., on new forms of South-
American birds, 301.

Cicadide, new, 1386.

Cirrhochrista, new species of, 323.

Cockerell, T. D. A., descriptions and
records of bees, 98, 355.

Ceelioxys, new species of, 101.

Ceenotalis, description of the new
genus, 152.

Coleoptera, notes on, 21, 379.

Conotalis, description of the new
genus, 150.

Coranus, new species of, 77.

Coreura, new species of, 92.

Crambus, new name, 307.

Cricetomys, new species of, 282.

Crocisa, new species of, 99.

Crossocephalus, new species of, 94.

Cryphalus, new species of, 113.

Ctenomys, new species of, 155.

Curculionides, new, 338.

Cyanopepla, new species of, 89.

Cyanoxorides, new species of, 388,

Delphyre, new species of, 93.

Dendrothrips, new species of, 260.

Dhanya, description of the new
genus, 296,

Diamerus, new species of, 107.

Dianthidium, new species of, 3655.

Diatrza, new species of, 53.

Dinurothrips, new species of, 256.

Diomea, new species of, 124.

Diploptalis, description of the new
genus, 151.

Distant, W. L., descriptions of new
species and genera of the Hetero-
pterous family Reduviide from
British India, 71; on two appa-
rently undescribed species of
Cicadide from Tropical Africa,
136.

Donacaula, new species of, 523.

Doratoperas, new species of, 61.

Kctomocoris, new species of, 74.

Edocla, new species of, 73.

‘lenia, new species of, 304.
Eligmodontia, new species of, 131.
Elis, new species of, 44.

Empecta, new species of, 27.

Endochus, new species of, 76.

Endotrichodes, description of the
new genus, 312.

INDEX.

Eschata, new species of, 61.

Kuagra, new species of, 91.

Euneomys, new species of, 127, 129,

Eustra, new species of, 299.

Euthrips, new species of, 270.

Exodesis, description of the new
genus, 313,

Fossorial Hymenoptera, new, 44, 69.

Foster, N. H., a lift of the Myria-
poda of Ulster, 395.

Frankliniella, new species of, 263.

Fruhstorferia, new species of, 583.

Galea, new species of, 134.

Geological Society, proceedings of
the, 50.

Geometride, new, 277.

Giaura, new species of, 119.

Gudger, E. W., the Myth of the
Ship-holder, a postscript, 17.

Gymnoscelus, new species of, 388.

Hampson, Sir G. F., on new Pyra-
lide of the subfamilies Crambinze
and Sigine, 53, 137, 305.

Haplothrips, new species of, 273,

Heliothrips, new species of, 258.

Helitra, new species of, 92.

Helogale, new species of, 31.

Hesperomys, new species of, 130,

Heterapis, new species of, 359.

Heteroptera, new, 71.

Hinton, M. A. C., notes on the
genus Cricetomys, 282.

Hispine, new, 407.

Hymenoptera, new, 44, 69, 98, 355,
385.

Hypospila, new species of, 124.

TIchneumonide, new, 86.

Insecta, new, 157, 360.

Isyndus, new species of, 77.

Itanus, new species of, 295,

Kaye, W. J., on new species and
genera of Nymphalide, Synto-
mide, and Sphingide in the
Joicey Collection, 84.

Kloss, C. B., see Robinson, H. C.

Lagidium, new species of, 133.

Lepidiota, new species of, 27.

Leucargyra, new species of, 61.

Libisosa, new species of, 123.

Limphysothrips, description of the
new genus, 272.

Lophoptera, new species of, 121.

Loxostegopsis, new species of, 526,

Mammals,new, 29, 127, 128, 154, 282,
989, 350, 374.

Marshall, G. A. K., on the genus
Aorus, Sehh., 338.

INDEX.

Mascarena, description of the new
genus, 26.
Maulik, S., on new Hispinz, 407,
Megachile, new species of, 356,
Megalasma, new species of, 365,
Melolonthine Coleoptera, systematic
notes on, 21.
Melyris, new species of, 161.
Mesolia, new species of, 62.
Metanalges, description of the new
genus, 3J8.
Mimagyrta, new species of, 87.
Monochirus, new species of, 408.
Mycteromys, new species of, 378.
Myriapoda, list of, from Ulster, 395.
Myth of the Ship-holder, a post-
script, 17.
Nannopopillia, new species of, 384.
Napata, new species of, 92.
Nematodes, new, 94, 343.
Nematopora, new species of, 351.
Neobanepa, description of the new
genus, 310,
Neoklugia, description of the new
genus,71,_
Neoscheenobia, new species of, 309.
Neothodelmus, description of the new
genus, 72.
Niphopyralis, new species of, 307.
Noctuidz, new, 118
Nomia, new species of, 104.
Nomioides, new species of, 102,
Nymphalide, new, 84.
Nymphulodes, description of the
new genus, 31].
Obtusipalpis, new species of, 314.
Odontothrips, new species of, 262.
(Edemopsis, new species of, 45.
Omophron, new species of, 292.
Oriental Carabide, papers on, 1, 290,
Pachydictya, new species of, 329,
Palarus, new species of, 70.
Parancyla, description of the new
genus, 67,
Paraxerus, new species of, 31.
Pasiropsis, new species of, 73.
Pasites, new species of, 358.
Patissa, new species of, 315.
Patissodes, description of the new
genus, 309.
Perata, description of the new
genus, 127.
Perissotriccus, new species of, 301.
Pheia, new species of, 91.
Phidodonta, new species of, 410.
Philanthus, new species of, dU4.

415

Phlceosimus, new species of, 112.
Pheenicoprocta, new species of, 90.
Phorticus, new species of, 79.
Pipromorpha, new species of, 301.
Pisces, new, 34
Pithecus, new species of, 374,
Platypodide, notes on, 105.
Platytesis, description of the new
genus, 308,
Plesialges, description of the new
genus, 306,
Plusiotis, new species of, 380.
Podothrips, new species of, 275.
Prionopteryx, new species of, 64.
Prionotalis, description of the new
genus, 152.
Pristaulacus, new species of, 385.
Prosmixis, new species of, 147.
Prout, L. B., on new Geometride in
the Joicey Collection, 277.
Psammeecius, new species of, 69.
Pseudeugalta, new species of, 391.
Pseudomelisa, new species of, 88.
Psoroptoides, description of the new
genus, 337.
Pyralide, new, 53, 137, 305.
Rattus, new species of, 374.
Rhizotrogus, new species of, 22.
Robinson, H. C., and Kloss, C. B.,
on five new mammals trom Java,
374,
Ruteline Coleoptera, notes on, 379.
Sampson, Lt.-Col. W., notes on
Platypodids and Scolytide, 105.
Schcenerupa, description of the new
genus, 312,
Schcenobius, new species of, 320,
Scolytidx, new, 105.
Scopula, new species of, 279.
Sherriffs, W. R., on a contribution to
the study of South Indian Arach-
nology, 220.
Sphedanolestes, new species of, 75.
Sphex, new species of, 48.
Sphingide, new, 84.
Simplicia, new species of, 122,
Steatomys, new species of, 33.
Stelis, new species of, 103.
Stenocalama, description of the new
genus, 308.
Stenolemus, new species of, 71.
Stictoptera, new species of, 120.
Styphlolepis, new species of, 318,
Surattha, new species of, 67, 137.
Swinhoe, Col. C., on Indo-Malayan
and Australian Noctuide, 11%.

416 INDEX.

Syntomide, new, 84. Tochara, new species of, 125.
Thalassodes, new species of, 278. Topeutis, new species of, 319.
Thomas, O., on a small collection of | Trichothrips, new species of, 276.
mammals from Lumbo, Mozam- Trouessart, E.-L., on new genera of
bique, 29; on a new species of Analgesing, 336.
Euneomys from Patagonia, 127; Tryphactothrips, new species of,
on mammals from North Argen- 257.
tina, 128; on two new rodents Turner, R. E., notes on the Ichneu-

from Argentina, 154; on the monide in the British Museum,
method of taking the incisive 36; notes on Fossorial Hymeno-
index in rodents, 289; on the ptera, 44, 69; on Indo-Chinese
types of the mammals described Hymenoptera, 385.
by M. Fernand Lataste, 350. Ugada, new species of, 136.
Thysanoptera, new, 253, Velamysta, new species of, 87.
Timoria, description of the new Xanthocryptus, new species of, 40.
genus, 93. Xyleborus, new species of, 109.

END OF THE FOURTH VOLUME,

PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS,
RED LION COURT, FLELT STREET,

ARROW. Ann: “Mag Nat: Hist. San9aWVoleLV.. Phe i.

4
‘1a. 1. Rhizotrogus pallens, male and female.
G. 2. Rhizotrogus rufus, ae 0
1G 3. Himpecta disparilis, a -
G. 4. Rhizotrogus gravis, ,, Bp

ale of each on the left. All natural size.

SHERRIFES. Ann. § Mag. Nat. Hist. S. 9. Vol. IV SPleTf.

Inge, Ie

Psechrus torvus, web seen edge on.

SHERRIFFS. Alive Nate ister S se Onmaole lelcn E21 eS Tele

Argiope anasuja, adult 2 on web, with full stabilimentum.

SEERRIFFS. Ann. S Mag. Nat. Fist. Ss. 9). Vol. J JPA.

Argiope anasuja, half stabilimentum only.

Cyrtophora cicatrosa within domed web.

lie

suprnivrs, Ann. § Mag. Nat. Hast. 8.9. Vol. 1V. Pl. V.

LinG aie

Cyclosa sp.? with stabilimentum as broken diameter cf web.

Araneus nauticus resting on bark of cypress-tree.

SHERRIFFS. Ann. Mag. INGgeeist, Se. Vol. LV. Pl; Vil.

Fie. 9

CEdignatha retusa; turret at mouth of burrow.

Fig. 10.

Nilgiri Barychelid; turret at mouth of burrow.

nes Wilke

Agelena inda; cocoon-case within web.

BEKKER. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist."S. 9: Vol. IV. Pl. VIL.

ORDOVICIAN BRYOZOA FROM ESTHONIA,

ARROW.

Fia
Fie

Fic
Fie
Fic

Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. S. 9. Vol. IV. Pl. VIID.

4

10

vo}

A, Aurora, sp. n., male.

. 1.—Plusiotis magnificus, sp. n., male. Fia. 6.

. 2,—Anoplognathus antiquus, sp. n., Fic. 7.—Fruhstorferia birmanica, Arrow,
male. male.

. 3.——Ditto, female. Fic. 8.—F. curta, sp. n., male.

. 4.—A. pallidus, sp. n., male. Fig. 9.—Ditto, female.

. 5.—Ditto, female. Fia. 10.—F. yunnana, Ohaus, male.

All natural size.

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